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THE CANADIAN 


Be OV] Ole TS 1 


SW -OWSUINER, Xx xeyene 





EDITED BY THE 


Reo. C. I. S. Bethune, HM. a. B.C. Z,, 


— 


PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 





AS Sai Sl) Sire 


J. Fletcher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal, and 
Rev. T- W. Fyles, South Quebec. 





Hondon, Ont. : 


LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING CO. 


1894. 








LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME. 


+ 


ASHMEAD, W. H 


BVA ICG Ol Bahay OAL Ec Scie tid enemas 


BANKS, N 
BEAN, Tr. E 


BETHUNE, REV. C. J. S. (The Editor)... 
3 ...2.-++ TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA. 


BIGAT GUE AY meWV oct ste se 


LeU NCI 3) ILA. 1a ee vier Peary 


AMIE VAENIRED eer Ree ao ote 
COCKE RELIEF Ay: 


COOMWME LED Wier ae ec 


DAVIS, G. C 
DYAR, HARRISON G 
HDI WORD Bey cnicss sack: 


EO WED Sy Wie dears cies ats So 
VER RUINGAINING, (Gay Avan tant ates ee 


WLLIS, CARLYLE 


EAMES LT ae vee ee eea ae 


a5 Cal etal al epee acginae 


TSUN CIDE dees (OG sls Gage 


BBE Dee Artisans coe 


FLETCHER, JAMES........ Ae or: 
OAD Spl Ee meetin <i sehaeean 
PRENGH, PROF G. H.. .v.\.: 

TSU 1 an 0p ed oP 


GIVUb LE, CPs. . 
GROW A. R 
GUIGNARD, J. A 


HANHAM, A. W 
HEATE, 2. F 


EL OMISENS sas ey cei 


ELOY DR Me NO) cs oh ytosctetee kis 


ORD AIN e MiDS SAG Mies oars. 
KEMEICORE PROD. DS; 


LEE; Gd. 


Ti; FIVE RT Ne ey lenia ater oem deeds nice, arose » 


LONNBERG, DR. E.:. 
LRA Wad Pred we Leola LE 2a 3 


ata ia ,é le 006 o'Gn wise ales) d dia 6 


eee ewww ee 


WASHINGTON, D. C. 
Forr CoLiins, COLORADO, 


22 SEA) CEIR ES SING mic 


.. COLESBORNE, ENGLAND. 


LAGGAN, ALBERTA. 
Port Hore 


Lonpon, ENGLAND. 
PHILADELPHIA, Pa. 
Las Cruces, NEW MEXICO. 


.Los ANGELES, CAL, 


AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH, 
NEw YORK. 


COALBURGH, WEST Va. 
PITTSBURG, PA. 


. TORONTO, 


COLESBORNE, ENGLAND. 


HORT PLAIN, NeoY. 
.. AMHERST, Mass, 

.. MILTON, Mass, 

.. OTTAWA. 

.. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


CARBONDALE, ILL. 
SOUTH QUEBEC. 


. Fort CoLiins, COLORADO. 


PEAS VICIIERE IN SIDR @UEWIN ie oretens.<!eieunts ater oe 


HARRINGTON, W. HAGUE.. 


BREMEN, GERMANY. 
OTTAWA. 
ALLEGHENY, Pa. 
WINNIPEG. 


.. OTTAWA. 


sse+-e+++-CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA. 
WOWTIEAIN DERE) Wis Pepe tercys rs fativtanee aha 


PITTSBURG, PA. 


.. MORGANTOWN, WEST VA. 


WASHINGTON, D. C. 


.. NAPA, CALIFORNIA. 


TOTES INIUASIN cE Ae Stet cele Sire reece ne 


CoLUMBUS, OHIO. / 


. RIDGEWAY. 
.. CLEVELAND, OHIO. 


Yo SEMITE, CAL. 


.. UPSALA, SWEDEN. 


Ae Serie es MONTREAL. 


MVEA C Gals Te VISA Ae ai) retieenct ea sg) Sh eoks aia. See LWA CAsy INA WY. 


DARE AT De Cilesniaceuenink.! 


MOREA Meow, |... 


NEU MOEGEN, B. 
OSBORN, PROF. HERBERT. 
PATTON, W. HAMPTON 
PROUT, L. B.. 
SCUDDER, S. H 
SHERATON, W.. 
SNYDER, W. E... 
STEWART, G 
STRECKER, DR. H 
STROMBERG, C. W.. 


eee ee eee 


TOWNSEND, C. H. TYLER 


os 
VAN DUZEE, E. P 

WARNER. MISS H. H 
WEBSTER, PROF. F. M 
WICKHAM, H. F...... 


WIL®ISTON, PROF, S. W....... 


Bid Toe). 6 


.. WASHINGTON, D. C. 


.. LONDON, 


ONT. 


.. NEW YORK. 


eee bosere 


. AMES, 


Iowa. 
HARTFORD, CONN, 


.. LONDON, ENGLAND. 


«sib ae hie ah 


CAMBRIDGE, Mass. 


... LORONTO. 


. BEAVER DAM, WISCONSIN, 
.. LORONTO. 


READING, Pa. 


.. GALESBURG, ILL. 
Las Cruces, NEw MEXICO. 
LONDON, ENGLAND. 


see OU DAT Os Ns es 


LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY. 
WooOSTER, OHIO. 

Iowa City, Iowa, 
LAWRENCE, KANSAS. 











‘LIBRARY, 


ee ey 


ENCE 





BETHUNE. 


5 


J 


Gi 


REV 


The exaion atomel logit. 














VOL. XXVE LONDON, JANU ARY, 1894. No. 








OUR QUARTER CENTENARY. 


How swift the flight of time appears— 
As t’were but yesterday 

The fourth part of an hundred years 
Has winged its course away ! 


Through all these years our folded page 
Has monthly shown its face ; 

So many moons of science sage 
Succeeding in the race! 


The story that we had to tell 
Of bee and butterfly, 

Our story—have we told it well, 
With love and earnestly ? 


O, with the lapse of years, how small 
Do all our quarrels seem ! 

Like children’s play, or like the fall 
Of shadows on a stream ! 


This story of the spider’s nest, 
Of beetles, black or gray, 

Is but a story, at the best, 
Told by ephemera ! 


Still is it the pwrsuct of truth 
Where all the pleasure lies, 

A perfect knowledge—/fat, in sooth 
Is hidden from our eyes. 


Upon this quest our little barque 
Has bravely held its way, 

On board a crew of men of mark 
As e’er sailed for Cathay ; 


And all our volumes, as they lie, 
Came ever opportune, 
Thanks to the patient industry 
Of Saunders and Bethune! 
January, 1894 A. R. GRore. 


2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





1894. 


With the December number, the Canapian ENTOMOLOGIST completed 
its twenty-fifth volume. The Council of the Entomological Society of 
Ontario have endeavored to make it as useful as possible to the working 
entomologists of North America. The publications of our Society con- 
sist chiefly of the ANNUAL REpoRT published by the Hon. Minister of 
Agriculture and Arts of Ontario, in his annual report to the Legislature, 
and the monthly magazine, the CANADIAN ENromo.Locist. The former 
of these is devoted particularly to papers of economic interest, and is 
distributed not only to our own members, but to every member of the 
Fruit Growers’ Association of Ontario, to members of Parliament, the 
Mechanics’ Institutes, etc., making an issue of about 6,000 copies. The 
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST is published periodically, so as to give an 
opportunity to authors to describe new species and to record observations 
of scientific interest. In starting a new volume, the Editor and Council 
desire to thank their many eminent and sympathetic contributors for their 
valuable assistance in the past, and trust that by careful attention to their 
wishes and prompt publication of their articles they will be able not only 
to keep up the standard of excellence and popularity to which the maga- 
zine has attained, but to show every entomologist on the continent that 
the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST is indispensable, if he wishes to keep in 
touch with what is going on in connection with his studies. The Council 
presents herewith, as a frontispiece to the new volume, a likeness of the 
Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, who for so many years and so acceptably has edited 
this magazine. They feel sure that contributors and readers who have 
not had the pleasure of meeting Dr. Bethune will be as much pleased to 
receive his likeness as a New Year’s card from the Council, as we know 
those will be who have made his personal acquaintance and experienced 


his genial courtesy as editor. 
W. H. HarrRINGTON, 


President of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3 





_— —_————— 


DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF PHY- 
CIODES CARLOTA, REAKIRT (CHARIDRYAS 
ISMERIA, SCUDDER). 


BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. 


Ecc.—Pear-shaped, broad at base and rounded, tapering rapidly to a 
small, slightly depressed, truncated summit ; marked by about twenty-four 
low, vertical, not sharply defined ribs, which extend a little more than 
half way from the top to base, but vary in\ individuals ; below the ribs to 
base thickly covered with shallow and irregular (both as to size and shape) 
indentations, not separated by definite ridges or threads; colour, when 
laid, pale green. Duration of this stage, nine days. 

Younc Larva.—Length, at one day from the egg, .o8 m. ; cylindrical, 
even, each segment rounded, with black hairs or processes rising from 
concolored minute tubercles, arranged as in Zharos and JVycteis ; colour 
green with a tint of brown ; head scarcely broader than 2; obovoid, bi- 
lobed, black-brown, with many short and curved black hairs over the 
face. Duration of this stage, between two and three days. 

After first moult : length, at one day, .12-inch ; each segment rounded ; 
colour variable, either dark-brown altogether, or light yellow-brown with 
a darker sub-dorsal stripe; under side, feet and legs, yellow-brown; armed 
with spines as in the genus, these being small, conical, shining black, with 
black bristles about the sides, and one larger at the top ; head nearly as 
before. Duration of this stage, three days. 

After second moult: length, at one day, .18 to .20 inch; shape as be- 
fore, the spines somewhat longer in proportion; colour variable, some 
being wholly yellow-brown, some light-brown (not so yellow), and both 
these types sometimes have a dark-brown sub-dorsal stripe ; some are all 
dull green, and some are pale black, a little mottled with gray ; the 
spines are black and rise from small shining black tubercles ; head as be- 
fore. To next stage, from two to three days. 

After third moult: length, at one day, .3 inch; same shape; the 
lower lateral spines brown-yellow, the upper rows black, and in shape as 
before ; colour variable, some being light yellow-brown, with a dark sub- 
dorsal stripe, some brown-black, with a patch ot red-fulvous on dorsum of 
2; others have a mid-dorsal row of such patches, one to each segment ; 
others are reddish-brown ; in all the lower half of the side is different from 
the upper part, being either greenish-brown, mottled more or less with 
whitish, or light brown and so mottled, but without green ; head as before, 


4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








About two-thirds of the larvee in July, and all in August and September, 
went into lethargy immediately after third moult, shrinking to the length 
of .24 and even to .2-inch, and becoming wider in the middle ; the rows 
of spines were brought close together, with no visible interspaces. 
But a few of the larve in July went on to fourth moult and pupation. 
With these the duration of the stage was about three days. 

After fourth moult: length, .5 inch; of three larve, all were black, 
with red-fulvous dorsal band. Probably in a large number the colours 
would be quite as variable as after third moult. 


Mature Larva.—Length, .8 inch. Colour (of three examples under 
view), deep black, specked with white or yellow-white ; a red-fulvous mid- 
dorsal band from 2 to 13, sometimes widening on 2, interrupted by the 
tubercles after 4; along the lower half of side the black ground is much 
mottled with white, so as to have the effect of a white band, and on either 
edge is a macular white line, most complete on the upper ; the spines, as 
in the genus, rising from shining black tubercles, and are concolored with 
them, tapering to a blunt point, out of which springs a straight short 
‘bristle, and there are many such about the sides from top to base ; under 
side gray-brown ; the feet black, pro-legs gray-brown ; head obovoid, bi- 
lobed, shining black, with many short curved-down black hairs from black 
tubercles. From fourth moult to pupation about six days. 


CurysaLis.—Length, .54 inch; shape of Zzaros, and resembling that 
species at all points ; head case narrow, excavated at the sides, nearly 
‘square at top, a very little depressed ; mesonotum rather prominent, not 
carinated, the summit rounded, the sides a little incurved; followed by a 
shallow depression ; the abdominal segments somewhat raised anteriorly 
and compressed into a low and narrow transverse ridge, which reaches 
from one sub-dorsal tubercle to its fellow, but on 6 and 7 extends one 
tubercle farther ; in all, the five upper rows of tubercies of the larva are 
here reproduced, low, conical, buff ; general colour white, with pale black 
markings, specks, and abbreviated lines, so that the effect is gray, or 
pepper and salt, over the entire dorsal area,and the abdomen ; but the 
wing cases have a tint of brown ; across these last an extra discal, sinuous 
row of seven clear white dots; the antennal cases blackish, with many 
dull white cross bars. Duration of this stage, eight days. 

Considering what a common species CARLOTA is over at least one- 
third of the territory of the United States, it is remarkable that so little 
has been published respecting it. M. Scudder, Butt. N. E., p. 1811, says; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 


—_——_—_ 





“This butterfly (Zsmeria) is found over a wide extent of territory, being 
known south of lat. 40° from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and 
at the higher levels of the west, even into the heart of Colorado, and as 
far north as Montana, and, according to Geddes, at Brandon, Manitoba. 
Little is known of its history, or how many broods there are, or how it 
passes the winter . . . . It awaits a biographer.” French, Butt., p. 175, 
gives as its habitat, “Southern and Western States, Rocky Mountains, 
Montana to Arizona, occasionly in West Virginia.” Mr. T. L. Mead, 
Wheeler Report, 1875, p. 763, says : ‘‘ Not uncommon at the lower levels 
and at Denver. Females much worn were taken early in June, so it is 
probable that the species appears about the first of May, though some- 
what later in the mountains.” 


Mr. Bruce writes :—‘‘ Cardofa is common in every part of Colorado 
that I have visited, and in the eastern part of the State is _par- 
ticularly abundant up to about 8,o00 feet altitude. At and near 
Denver it flies early in May and again in midsummer. There are also a 
few individuals in September, a partial brood. In July, it may be seen 
near the foothills and in neglected clearings on flowers, the many species 
of Erigeron being the favourites. The disks of these flowers will be hid- 
den by the many Car/ofa and with them P, Camid/us. It collects in im- 
mense swarms in certain damp places, such as where a stream has over- 
flowed and left the ground in that condition. Larve of all sizes can be 
found almost all summer in great numbers upon the leaves of the food- 
plants. I have sometimes seen hundreds of them running along the 
railway track in search of food, having eaten every leaf from the patch of 
sunflowers where the eggs had been deposited, at the edge of the prairies 
and along the various canons and gulches.” But Mr. H, W. Nash, at 
Pueblo, writes me he has rarely seen this species there. 


I have never seen this butterfly on the wing but once, and that was at 
Coalburgh, May 3, 1878, when a fresh male was taken near my house. 
On 17th July, 1867, another was taken here by a visitor. Mr. A. D. 
Hopkins, of the West Virginia Agricultural Station, at Morgantown, 
writes me that on July 8th, 1890, he found Car/ota abundant in Upshur 
Co., on the summit of Stone Coal Mountain, flying in the road and in 
damp places on the road. 


The single mention in books of any of the early stages is by Mr. Dyar, 
Can. Ent., XXV., p. 93, 1893, who briefly describes an adult larva found 


6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


by him in Colorado, apparently after it had changed colour for pupation ; 
he also describes the pupa from it, but unfortunately gives no feature 
whatever by which a pupa could be identified or determined. 


. 


Mr. Scudder assumes that /smeria, B. & L., is the same species as 
Carlota, and gives that name priority. No one would ever know it from 
either the description or Boisduval’s plate (A. D. 1833). In Butt. N. E., 
the description of larva and chrysalis is translated thus: Adult larva 
“ yellow, with blackish spines and three longitudinal stripes (of blackish) ; 
the thoracic legs and ventral surface black, the other legs yellow.” ‘The 
chrysalis: ‘‘ashen gray, with some paler light spots and little dorsal 
tubercles nearly white.” This description of the larva has no application to 
Carlota, and that of the chrysalis is too indefinite for identification. The 
figures of both are wholly out of drawing, and of the insects so barred and 
striped and spotted as to be unrecognizable. I had a copy of the book, 
and Mr. Reakirt had access to one, but to neither of us did it occur that 
Ismeria was what was called Car/ota. It appears that Mr. Scudder, some 
years after the date of Reakirt’s name, saw certain unpublished drawings 
by Abbot, in the British Museum, among which was /smeria. Boisduval 
credits Abbot. Now, many of Abbot’s figures, especially of larvae and 
pupe, are bad as can be, and where Boisduval has copied them there is 
no improvement on the original. Whether it is a true copy or not, Bois- 
duval’s figures of /smeria do not represent Cardota, and by comparing 
the description with the figures it is plain that it has been drawn from the 
plate and not from nature. It fits no American butterfly. Consequently, 
the name /smeria has been rejected by every American lepidopterist, so 
far as I know, except Mr. Scudder, and the species is known as Car/ota. 
It is right that any species so figured and described should have no 
standing. 


It will be seen that the egg of Car/ota is closely like that of Zharos, 
built on the same plan, same shape, same ribs, though they are more 
numerous, (about twenty-four in Cardota to about fifteen in Zharos), same 
thimble-like depressions below the ribs. It differs somewhat from the egg 
of WVyctezs, which is taller in proportion to its breadth, and which shows 
the depressions for a space below the ribs, while the lower part is smooth. 
The young larvee of all three species are alike in shape and armature. 
The adult Car/ota is more like JVyctecs in one respect, namely, that its 
pines are larger in proportion than those of Zharos. I discern no other 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 7 








difference. In the chrysalis Carlota is like Zharos, and differs much 
from /Vyctezs, which is built on the plan of P#aeton and the true Meliteas. 
In habits, all three are essentially alike. I should put ZAraos and 
Batesii, with Camillus, Picta, and other western species in one group. 
Car/ota in the next, and /Vycfe7s in the third, of the genus Phyciodes. 


I first received larve of Car/ota on the 15th of July, 1893, from Mr. | 
Charles A. Wiley, of Miles City, Montana, about a dozen, past second 
and third moults, found on sunflower. On 24th, one larva pupated, on 
28th another, and a third adult was put in alcohol. The rest of this lot 
went into hibernation immediately after third moult, gathering in clusters 
on a leaf, on a slight bed of spun silk. 


On roth August, I received another invoice of larve in younger 
stages from Mr. Wiley, after first and second moults. All these hiber- 
nated after third moult. 


On Sept. 8th, came a cluster of about seventy-five eggs, from Mr. 
Gillette, at Fort Collins, Colorado, laid by a female confined on leaf of Iva 
Xanthifolia, 2nd Sept. Mr. Gillette informed me that at the same date 
full-grown larve were abundant on same plant and also Helianthus 
annuus. ‘These eggs were laid three deep, the bottom layer in rows of 
nine eggs each, standing on their bases and close together ; the next layer 
consisted of about a dozen, laid mostly on their sides, and the third layer 
of three or four only. These eggs hatched, Sept. 11th, or after nine days. 
Mrs. Peart compared these eggs with eggs of Synchloe Zacinia, which we 
had at the same time, and wrote me: ‘There is very little difference 
between the two, about the same number of ribs (24), which reach a 
little more than half way the length of sides, not so much as two- 
thirds, but variable as to length; the indentations below the ribs 
shallow and irregular, the meshes between the indentations not sharply 
defined; the same is true of the ribs also; the tops of both are 
very little depressed, but Cuar/ota is of lesser diameter,” These 
larve went on to third moult, passing each moult the same day. 
I noticed the habit they had when alarmed of swaying the anterior half (or 
more) of the body from side to side, all moving together, and just as may 
be seen in larve of Melitea Phaeton and other species of that genus. 
Almost at once after passing the third moult, zoth September, they 
gathered in clusters on the side of the box or on the leaves, shrunk up 


8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





and slept. This is like the behaviour of Vyctezs, as related by me in 
Can. Ent., XI., 102, 1879, only that Myctezs hibernated after second 
moult, instead of third. In Vyctezs (p. 104, 1. c.), of g2 larve of, the June 
brood, 32 or about one-third hibernated, while the rest went on to pupa- 
tion. Of 11 Carlota, from Montana, of July brood (probably the first 
brood), about two-thirds hibernated ; of the August brood (probably the 
second), all hibernated. The larvee from Colorado, of September (the 
last brood of the year), all hibernated. .As fresh examples were taken at 
Coalburgh 3rd May and 17th July, there is evidence of two broods at 
least. 


I gave these larve leaves of Actinomeris squarosa, the food of 
WVycteis, and of the Aster, the food of Zhavos, but they refused both and 
fed only on sunflower. 





NOTE ON COPIDRYAS PLATENSIS. 
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M. 


I have suggested in “ Papilio” that this South American species 
belongs to Copfidryas, and is congeneric with our C. Glovert. Berg's 
original description says of the frontal structure :—‘“ Fronte valde pro- 
minenti, supra cornu complanato depressione declivi marginata fusca 
ornata.” This character agrees well with Copidryas, but not with Zudryas, 
in which latter the front is not horned. 


Of the colours of P/atensis, Berg says, the hind-wings are ochraceous 
with broad and even pale fuscous marginal band, and compares the orna- 
mentation with that of wzéo. ‘There can thus be no shadow of doubt that 
my £. cypris, with its vermilion red unbanded secondaries and related to 
E. grata rather than to wz2o, is specificially and generically distinct. Berg 
uses Luthisanotia insteadof Zudryas. Hubner’s genus has mixed contents, 
and so far as I can see, from what literary material I have at hand, Bois- 
duval was justified, in 1836,in proposing a, new generic title for grata 
and uzio. 


Eudryas cypris, from Paraguay, is allied very clearly to our North 
American Z. grata; it is perhaps a still handsomer species from the red 
colour of hind-wings and under surface. The Audriine are generally 
quite pretty moths, while I think the palm for beauty must lie between 
Ludryas cypris and our North Am. Ciris Wilsonz. 


—— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


lo} 


AN ENTOMOLOGICAL TRIP TO COPPER CLIFF, ONT. 


BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA. 





In June, 1892, in company with Mr. Fletcher, who was anxious to 
obtain Hrebia Discoidalis, Kirby, I made a visit to the famous Sudbury 
mining region. Leaving Ottawa on the 15th, at 3.40 p.m.,we arrived at Cop- 
per Cliff at5 a.m. the following day. As the hour was so early we tried a 
little collecting before calling on our friend, Mr. J. D. Evans, manager of 
the copper and nickel mines, who had kindly invited us to stay with him. 
Everything was rather moist, however ; and but little could be found at 
this early hour except a few examples of Banchus flavescens. After break- 
fast, and some ertomological discussions with our host, we sallied forth 
again, but showers interfered materially with collecting, and we were able 
to do little more than gain an idea of the character of our surroundings. 
The district, which is situated about long. 81 W., lat. 46.30 N., is in 
general somewhat similar in character to the description given by Dr. 
Hamilton, in a recent paper, of Sparrow Lake, from which it is distant 
about 150 miles in a north-westerly direction, while it is about 30 miles 
north of the Georgian Bay. ‘This region is much broken with small hills 
and hummocks of Laurentian formation, which formerly were apparently 
covered by heavy forests of pine and other conifers, but which have been 
swept by fires, and now are sparsely clothed by a second growth of shrubs 
and small deciduous trees which are springing up among the burnt stumps 
and logs ; while in numerous places the bare glaciated knobs of rock are 
exposed. Between the hills are occasional small areas of seemingly fertile 
soil, but usually these low places are swampy and contain the plants com- 
mon to such moist habitats. The entrance to the Copper Cliff mine 
faces on a somewhat level piece of ground of moderate area, which has 
been converted into an artificial so/fatara, where the glare of molten slag 
and the fumes of burning sulphur strongly remind one of a volcanic dis- 
trict. In the immediate vicinity of the roasting grounds, and for a radius 
of several hundred yards around, especially in the direction of the pre- 
valent winds, vegetation has been completely destroyed by the sulphuric 
acid, with which every shower drenches the ground. Beyond the 
denuded area the effects are visible for a long distance in the discolora- 
tion and bleaching of the plants, which sometimes produce not unpleasant 
shades of colour or variegations of foliage. Near the mine a small stream 
flows down through a beaver-meadow, and further up it has been dammed 
to supply water for the mine. ‘The stream is fringed with alder, willow, 


10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
cornel, etc., and the meadow. which has been caused by a former beaver- 
dam, is covered with coarse grass and sedges, and bordered by small 
spruce and tamarack. 


The afternoon was brighter and Mr. Evans drove us down to Sudbury 
(about five miles), so that we might visit with him the locality where he 
had captured five examples of the desired Erebia on rzth May, 1889 
(Ottawa Naturalist, Vol. IIL, p. 154.) It was of course a month later, 
but he was almost certain that he had seen one of these butterflies flit past 
the Sudbury Railway Station a week before, and we had hopes that we 
might obtain the coveted insect. Along the road every butterfly that 
flitted on ahead was anxiously watched, but each proved to belong to 
some commoner species. We collected many fine examples of Phyciodes 
WVycteis, which was very abundant and in perfect condition. We also 
obtained, under the loose bark of a stump, a pupa of this species which 
transformed to the imago during our visit. 


From Sudbury we walked across the country in the direction of the 
Stobie mine; the ground being, as usual, rough and largely covered with 
ferns and brambles, interspersed with clumps of small poplars, birches, 
chokecherries, etc. No trace of Erebia could be found, but smaller and 
less remarkable insects occurred in fair numbers, including several 
species of saw-flies, of which Zenthredo semirufa was the most abundant. 
Black-flies (Szmudium) were, however, so numerous and voracious that 
they made collecting very difficult, while they were ably assisted by the 
deer-flies (Cirysops.) I have had opportunities of becoming acquainted 
with such intrusive insects from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but I think 
that the black-flies of Sudbury could take first place for persistence of 
attack. Having separated from my companions, who carried the bottle 
of mosquito-oil, I was finally obliged to beat a retreat to the village, where 
my gory visage excited the risibilities of some of the inhabitants and in- 
duced them to size me up asa “tenderfoot.” One mining individual 
went so far as to make some personal reflections on my “everlastingly 
chawed up” appearance, for which he afterwards apologized by stating 
that he had recently suffered in the same way himself, and he offered to 
confirm his unintention of giving offence, by inviting me to inspect the 
nearest poison (not fly) dispensary, hoping probably to find out if I was 
prospecting, or interested in mining areas. 

Returning to Copper Cliff we spent a very pleasant and profitable 
evening examining the fine collections made by Mr. Evans in this district, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. vg 





as well as those which he had gathered at Trenton. The next morning 
he advised us to go up along the beaver-meadow, and this proved to be 
the most interesting and profitable collecting ground which we found. 
Along the short wood-road leading up along the brook to the meadow, 
Carterocephalus Mandan occurred abundantly and a few other butterflies 
were not uncommon, while coleoptera and hymenoptera were moderately 
plentiful. In the meadow itself we captured a number of interesting 
species, of which the rarest was Wematoplus collaris, which has not been 
recorded from Canada. Four examples were taken of this beetle and an 
equal number of Dodichosama foveicolle, a species which at Ottawa has 
only been once taken, in a similar habitat. JVemia episcopalis was com- 
mon with An/soticta strigata, and several examples of Ditylus ceruleus 
occurred on low plants. Ovrsodacna atra was exceedingly abundant, 
and variable both in size and colour, and several svecies of Lampyride 
were more or less common. In the sluggish stream which divided the 
meadow, Donacia proxima was as usual on lily-pads, while D. dstincta, 
D. subtilis and D. emarginata ? were swept from the fringing sedges and 
shrubs: Of hymenoptera the most conspicuous was Z7ichiosoma triangu- 
Jum, upon small willows and spireas. Some fifty or more were taken, 
which, with few exceptions, were males. Along the borders of the adjacent 
wood several fine ichneumons were taken, including males of Coleocentrus 
Pettitii, of which Mr. Fletcher subsequently obtained females (CANADIAN 
Enromo.ocist, Vol. XXV., page 30.) A pleasant breeze tempered the 
heat and kept off the flies, so that we were enabled to collect most 
pleasantly. 


The afternoon was spent upon the adjacent hillocks, among the 
stumps and debris of the old burnt woods, which formerly had yielded to 
Mr. Evans large numbers of longicorns, etc., but which were then too old 
to be longer tenanted by such insects. Several of the larger Pimpline 
occurred here, such as Coleocentrus, Ephialtes, Euxorides, Xylonomus 
and Ecthrus. Hibernated specimens of Vanessa antiopa and some 
skippers were the only butterflies observed. Willows yielded numerous 
examples of the pretty little weevil Rhyuchites cyanellus, also Orchestes 
ephippiatus, O. subhirtus, Lepyrus geminatus, etc. ; spiked maples in 
bloom furnished several elaters and some small bees and other hymen- 
optera, while a fine male of Agri/us acutipennis was captured on birch. 
In the evening we made, under the guidance of our host, an inspection 
of the extensive smelting works, and were extremely interested in the 


12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





several operations required to produce the large cakes of copper and 
nickel known as ma¢te. The molten slag poured out on the dump-heaps 
lit up the country for miles around and produced a very weird effect all 
night. Mr. Fletcher had to leave for Ottawa by the night train, but I 
remained two days longer and went over the same routes and somewhat 
extended the area of investigation, but did not materially enlarge our list 
of captures. A species of Diodontus (which I have not yet been able to 
place with any of the described forms) was somewhat common, generally 
at rest on leaves of maples, but not many specimens were collected as the 
foliage was too damp for sweeping and the insects were too nimble to be 
easily taken with the fingers alone. Oryssus Sayi was taken upon a 
burnt pine tree, so that possibly it may infest this tree as well as the 
maple and poplar. 

The last day of my stay was so wet that no collecting could be done. 
Mr. Evans did indeed go with me in the morning to the beaver-meadow, 
where we waded about through the wet grass, but the rain became so 
heavy that all the insects disappeared, except mosquitoes, which were ex- 
ceptionally numerous and aggressive. My time was, however, not unpro- 
fitably or unpleasantly spent, as fuller opportunity was afforded for 
further examination of the extensive collection of beautifully prepared 
specimens which has been gathered by Mr. Evans, and in which are 
many rare and interesting species. Each evening numerous moths were 
taken upon the study window screen, to which they were attracted by a 
light arranged so as to serve for that purpose as well as for the preparation 
of accumulated material. 

To give some idea of the insects which may be taken in two or three 
days at the season in question (middle of June), I append a list of the 
species we collected, with the hope that at no late date our esteemed 
friend and co-worker, Mr. Evans, will publish his promised catalogue of 
the large and valuable collection he has made in this little-known region. 
No attempt was made to collect Lepidoptera other than butterflies, or 
Diptera (except a few of the larger species), while Orthoptera and Neurop- 
tera were too few in number to be worth recording :— 


LEPIDOPTERA. 


Papilio Turnus, Linn, Common. 

Pieris Napi, Esp., winter form Oleracea-Ayemailis, Harris. Several. 
Colias Philodice, Gat. 

Argyunis Myrina, Cram. Common in beaver-meadow. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 








Argynnis Bellona, Fab. 

Phyciodes Tharos, Dru. Common along wood-road. 

Phyciodes Nycteis, Doub—Hew. Common along roads. 

Grapta Progne, Cram. One specimen. 

Vanessa Antiopa, Linn. Hibernated individuals. 

LNeonympha Eurytris, Fab. 

Lycena Pseudargiolus, Bd.-Lec, ; winter form Zucia, Kirby. Not rare, 
flitting over bushes of spiked-maple in flower. 

Lycena Comyntas, Gat. 

Feniseca Targuinius, Fab. 

Chrysophanus Hypophleas, Bdv. 

Carterocephalus Mandan,Edw. Abundant in wood-roads and openings. 

Pamphila Zabulon, Bd.-Lec.. In open woods. 

Pamphila Zabulon, Lin., aberrant 9 Pocahontas, Scud. 

Pamphila Peckius, Kirby. In grassy localities. 

Pamphila Mystic, Edw. Along borders of woods. 

Nisoniades Icelus, Lint Common along wood-road. 

Nisoniades Brizo, Bd.-Lec. 

Fudamus Pylades, Scud. Border of woods. 


HYMENOPTERA. 


TENTHREDINIDE—Cimbex americana, Leach, var. La FPortei, St. 
Farg. ¢; Zrichiosoma triangulum, Wirby ; Hylotoma McLeayi, Leach  ; 
H. clavicornis, Fab., 2 ; Nematus corniger, Norton; MW. pallicornis, 
Norton ; Doderus aprilis, Norton; D. sericeus, Say ; Monophadnus 
tibie, Norton, ¢; WZonostegia maculata, Norton; Selandria flavipes, 
Norton ; Macrophya flavicoxe, Norton; M. contaminator, Prov., @ ; 
M. n. sp. (?) 2; M. trisyllaba, Norton; M. varia, Norton, $; Pachy- 
protasis delta, Prov.; Zaxonus rufipes, Harr., $3 Strongylogaster api- 
calis, Sey, 3 93; S. soriculatus, Prov., 9; S. annulosus, Norton, 9 ; 
Tenthredo rujipes, Say, 9; T. verticalis, Say, 23 7: semirufa, Norton, 
2; ZL. signata, Norton? ¢ (probably the ¢ of semirufa); T. n. sp. (2) 
2; LZ ruficolor, Norton (?) 9; Pamphilius ocreatus, Say, 2. 

UrocerIp&—Oryssus Sayi, Westwood, @. 

Cynipipa—Sfigites (Figitodes, Ash.) inermis, Prov. &. 

ICHNEUMONIDE—Jchneumon malacus, Say, 2; L. acerbus, Cress., ¢; 
I, subcyaneus, Cress., 6; 1. parvus,Cress., ¢; L. canadensis, Cress., ¢ ; 
f. nigrovartegatus, Prov. (?); ZL. terminalis, Cress., (2); Amblyteles 
stadaconensis, Prov, 6; A. perluctuosus, Prov., @. 


14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Phygadeuon n. sp. 9; Cryptus proximus, Cress., 9; C. nuncius, 
Say, 9; C. canadensis, Prov., g; C. un. sp., 9; Pesomachus sp. (canaden- 
ses, Cress. ° gap 

Exochilum fuscipenne, Norton, 2 ; Anomatlon anale, Say, 2 ; Paniscus 
albotarsatus, Prov., 6 2; Campoplex sp.; Casinaria n. sp. (?), 9; 
Limneria, 3 sp. not determined; Banchus flavescens, Cress, 9; B. 
canadensis, Cress., 6; B.. borealis, Cress, 9); B. spinosas, ~ Cress: 
(?), 9. 

Mesoleptus, n. sp. (2?) ; Mesoleius sp. (2); Tryphon anatis, Cress., 6; 
T: tibialis, Cress., ¢; Erromenus crassus, Cress., 9; &. pedalis, Cress., 
O sare. (Py on. sp. (P)3 Cleniscus, (spss i Leyston welaumties, OO Tessheat 
Exochus levis, Cress, f; Orthocentrus sp. 

Coleocentrus Pettitiz, Cress., 6 9; Hphialtes sp. (near gigas, Walsh); 
Pimpla conguisitor, Say, 6 9; P. tenuicornis, Cress, 6 2; & rufo- 
pectus, Cress., 2 var.; Glypta erratica, Cress.,9; Meniscus superbus, 
Prov., 9; Phytodietus vulgaris, Cress., 9 var. ; EHuxorides americanus, 
Cress., ¢ 9; Xylonomus stigmapterus, Say, 2 9; Odontomerus mellipes, 
Say, 2; Ecthrus abdominatis, Cress., 9. 

Braconip&.—Lracon longicauda, Prov. ; Rhogas parasiticus, Norton ; 
Meteorus vulgaris, Cress. ; four undetermined species. 


CHALCIDIDZ.—LZurytoma, sp. ; one Pteromalid undetermined. 


PROCTOTRYPIDA.—S/sobrachium, sp. (?). 

CHRYSIDIDZ.— Omalus leviventris, Cress. ; Elampus speculum, Say ; 
Notosus viridicyaneus, Norton; Chrysis cerulans, Fab. 

PomPILIDE.—Agenia pulchripennts, Cress. 

PEMPHREDONIDA. —Cemonus inornatus, Say ; Pemphredon concolor, 
Say; Passalecus mandibularis, Cres>.; Diodontus sp. 

CRABRONIDE.—LRhopalum pedicellatum, Pack. ; Crabro bellus, Cress., 
3¢; C. atrifrons, Oress. (?), 6; C. effossus, Pack.,?2; C. 6-maculatus, 
Say ; C. maculipennis, Smith, g; C. sp., undetermined 2. 

EuMENIDAH.—LHumenes fraternus, Say,  ; Odynerus arvensis, Sauss., 
2 3; O. leucomelas, Sauss., 3; O. tigris, Sauss., 3; O. albophaleratus, 
Sauss., 9 ; O. debilis, Sauss., ¢. 

VesPID&.—Polistes pallipes, St. Farg.,?; Vespa maculata, Linn., ? ; 
V. scelesta, McFar., 2. 

ANDRENIDE —Prosopis basalis, Sroith, 3 ; Sphecodes dichroa, Smith, ° ; 
Hlalictus coriaceus, Smith (?),9; 7£Z. confusus, Smith (?), 2; Andrena 
Atlaris, Sraith (?), @. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 15 





Apip&.—Vomada bisignata, Sav,23; Osmia lignaria, Say,?; O. 
simillima, Smith, 2; Apathus Ashtoni, Cress., 29; Bombus ternarius, 


pay; O". 
COLEOPTERA. 


Carapip&.—Prerostichus lucublandus, Say; FP. patruelis, Dej. 
Bradycellus neglectus, Lec. (?) or n. sp. 

HypropuiLip&.—Helophorus lineatus, Say. 

STAPHYLINIDE.—Listotrophus cingulatus, Grav.; Stenus sp., a small 
specimen since lost; Anthobium pothos, Mann. 

CoccINELLID&.— Anisosticta strigata, Thunb.; Memia episcopalis, 
Kirby ; Wippodamia 5-signata, Kirby ; 4. 13-punctata, Linn. ; Cocinella 
trifasciata, Linn. ; C. transversalis, Muls. 

CRYPTOPHAGIDA.— Loberus tmpressus, Lec. 

DERMESTIDEH.—Lyturus unicolor, Say. 

DascyLuip&.—Cyphon variabilis, Thunb. 

ELATERIDA.—Later pullus, Germ. ; £. luctuosus, Lec. ; E. nigricans, 
Germ. ; Z. rubricus, Say ; L. apicatus, Say ; Agriotes oblongicollis, Me'sh. ; 
Dolopius lateralis, Esch.; Melanotus castanipes, Payk. ; M. sp. (probably 
a small form of preceding) ; Limonius eger, Lec. ; Campylus denticornis, 
Kirby ; Sericosomus incongruus, Lec. ; Corymbites tarsalis, Melsh.; C. 
triundulatus, Rand. ; C. eripennis, Kirby ; C. metallicus, Payk. ; C. a. sp.? 
(one specimen.) 

THROSCIDE.— Throscus constrictor, Say. 

Buprestip&.—Dicerca divaricata, Say; Melanophila longipes, Say ; 
Agrilus acutipennis, Mann.; Brachys erosa, Melsh. 

LAMPYRID&.— flateros modestus, Say ; Ellychnia corrusca, Linn. ; 
Podabrus diadema, Fab. ; P. modestus, Say ; P. piniphilus, Esch. ; P. 
lateralis, Lec. ; Silis percomis, Say; Telephorus fraxini, Say (?); 7. 
rectus, Melsh. (?); Z: tuberculatus, Lec. ; Malthodes sp. 

Marachip&—Dolichosoma foveicolle, Kirby. 

CLERIDEA—fydnocera difficilis, Lec. 

Lucanipb&—Vflatycerus depressus, Lec. 

SCARABEIDE—Aphodius hamatus, Say. 

CERAMBYCIDE— Clytanthus ruricola, Oliv.; Achmaops proteus, Kirby ; 
Leptura sexmaculata, Linn; L. chrysocoma, Kirby ; L. sphericollis, Say; 
L. mutabilis, Newm. i 

CHRYSOMELIDE—Donacia proxima, Kirby ; D. distincta, Lec.; D. 
subtilis, Kunze; D. emarginata, Kirby (?); Orsodacna atra, Ahr. ; 


16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Syneta ferruginea, Germ. ; Pachybrachys hepaticus, Melsh. ; Diachus 
catarius, Suff.; Chrysomela Ligsbyana, Kirby; Gastroidea polygont, 
Linn. ; Lina lapponica, Linn. ; Gonioctena pallida, Linn. ; Adimonia 
cavicollis, Lec.; A. rufosanguinea, Say ; Adionychis quercata, Fab. (?); 
Haltica bimarginata, Say ; HZ. ignita, Ul. ; Crepidodera Helxines, Linn. 

CisTELIDE—ymenorus pilosus, Melsh. 

LAGRIDE—Arthomacra enea, Say. 

CEDEMERIDE—Ditylus ceruleus, Rand. 


MorDELLIDZH—Anaspis atra, Lec. ; A. flavipennis, Hald.; A. rufa, 
Say. 

ANTHICIDE—LVematoplus collars, Lec. 

PyRocHROIDA—Schizotus cervicalis, Newm. 

RuHyYNCHITIDE—Lhynchites cyanellus, Lec. ; Rhynchites (2) sp. (a 
small brownish weevil). 

ATTELABIDE—A?telabus rhois, Boh. 

CurRcuLIONIDE—Lepyrus geminatus, Say ; Pissodes affinis, Rand. ; 
Fylobius confusus, Kirby; Erycus puncticollis, Lec. ; Anthonomus signa- 
gus, Say ; A. sp. nov. ? (“marked exactly like scute//atus, but more elon- 
gate,” Dr. Hamilton); Orchestes pallicornis, Say; O. niger, Horn; O. 
cphippiatus, Say; O. subhirtus, Horn; Lilleschus bipunctatus, Linn.; 
Caliodes tenuipes, Lec. ; Ceutorhynchus decipiens, Lec. 

ScoLtyTIp&—Dryocetes septentrionis, Mann.; Hylurgops pinifex, 
Fitch. 

HEMIPTERA. 

HETEROPTERA.—Lurygaster alternatus, Say; Perillus exaptus, Say ; 
Podisus modestus, Dallas ; Neottiglossa undata, Kirby ; Cosmopepla car- 
nifex, Kab. ; EHuchistus fissilis, Uhl. ; Corisus punctiventris, Dallas ; 
Cymus augustatus, Stal., common; ALiris affinis, Reut.; Lygus flavono- 


tata, Prov.(?); Camptobrochis grandis, Uhl.; Anthocoris musculus, Say ; 
Aradus rectus, Say ; Aradus (two species unnamed) ; Coriscus inscriptus, 
Kirby. i 

Homoprera.— fPudbilia concava, Say ; Cixius stigmatus, Say; Steno- 
cranus dorsalis, Fitch; Lephyronia quadangularis, Say ; Lythoscopus 
sobrius, Walker; &. variabilts, Fitch; B. pruni, Prov. (?); Sdtocerus 
alternatus, Fitch; Agallia novell1, Say ; Tettigonia hieroglyphicus, Say ; 
Lhamnotettix subcupreus, Prov. 


SUMMARY. 


The species enumerated in the foregoing lists are as follows : —Lepid- 
optera (Butterflies) 21, Hymenoptera 125, Coleoptera 102, Hemiptera 27, 
making a total of 275. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 17 





SOME UNDESCRIBED STAGES OF NOCTUID LARV. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 


RAPHIA FRATER, a7. COLORADENSIS, Put.—Cr. 


Mature larva.— Head rounded, partly retracted under joint 2, waxy 
greenish-white, ocelli black ; mouth white. Body of nearly uniform 
width, joint 13 smaller; segmental incisures deep. Colour translucent, 
clear green, with many yellow piliferous dots, on joints 3 and 4 the dorsal 
ones tipped with red, and a central pair of these are prolonged into short, 
contiguous processes. On joints 5, 9 and 12 each, a transverse, curved, 
yellow band, reaching to the first dot above the spiracle. These bands 
are whitish anteriorly, those on joints 9 and 12 partly bordered in front 
with crimson. Feet green, the anal pair tipped with yellow and crimson. 
Spiracles small, black. There are 8 of the piliferous dots on each side of 
a segment, besides a dorsal row of non-piliferous ones. 


Cocoon.—Hard and firm ; composed of bits of dirt and stones spun 
together. 


Pupa.—Cylindrical, abdomen rounded, its segments appressed ; cre- 
master very short, but broad and thick, without hooks. Cases and central 
portion of abdominal segments densely and finely wrinkled. Colour, 
chestnut ; width, 5 mm. 


Food-plant.—Poplar. Larve from Yosemite, California. 
ACRONYCTA RADCLIFFEI, Harvey. 


Dr. Thaxter has described the mature larva, and noted that it mimics 
Datana larve. 


Larva before last moult.—Head bilobed, shining, the tops of the 
lobes brown, the front and sides mottled with large blotches of pink, the 
back of the head white, the clypeus and an area outside of it, green ; 
mouth and ocelli brown ; width, 2.4 mm. A few hairs arise from the head. 
Body enlarged dorsally on joint 12, with five rows of warts on each side, 
one on each segment and each bearing a black hair. Cervical shield 
black ; a broad brown dorsal stripe, containing a red line centrally and 
edged with yellow, covering the first two rows of warts and ending at joint 
12; the rest of the body is green with a faintly indicated white stigmata] 
line. Spiracles small, black rimmed. 


18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





After last moult.—Head bilobed, slightly shagreened but shiny, and 
furnished with a few hairs ; colour black, the upper third in front, reach- 
ing to the upper half at the sides and posteriorly, orange-red ; width, 3.3 
mm. Body enlarged a little dorsally at joint 125; cervical shield with 
two rows of small warts, black, as are also the anal plate and feet. Warts 
small, some minute, about 24 per segment, besides those on the venter 
of the legless segments ; warts pale, bearing thin, long, whitish hairs (7 
mm.) Body black, paler ventrally, a dorsal red line from joints 3 to 11 ; 
two lateral and one substigmatal pale yellow lines, the upper one reaching 
from joints 3 to 11, the lower two from joints 2 to 12, confluent posteriorly. 
The substigmatal band is broader than the others and reaches narrowly 
to the top of joint 13, sending a branch to the top of joint 12, to which 
branch the two other lateral lines barely reach. Spiracles white. As the 
stage advances the dorsal line fades to the colour of the others. 


Food-plant.—Wild cherry (Prunus serotina). 


Larve from Rhinebeck, New York. 


ACRONYCTA IMPLETA, Walker, 
subochrea, Grote. 


Larva, about half grown.—Head subquadrate, notched on vertex, the 
lobes pointed anteriorly ; pale whitish, with eight pale brown spots: one 
covering the eyes, one before apex of each lobe, and two smaller ones 
respectively above and below and below the other two. Body deeply 
incised between the segments. Feet normal. Warts arranged as in the 
Arctiide and Liparide ; row i. on joints 5-12 in subdorsal space; row ii. 
subdorsal ; row iii. superstigmatal ; row iv. obsolete ; rows v. and vi. in ~ 
the subventral space. All concolorous with the markings. Colour pale 
translucent yellowish, with a white subdorsal line below warts ii. Warts 
ii. and iii. on joint 2, and ii. on joint 3, brown. Brown patches dorsally 
on joints 5, 6 and 9, and irregular ones on joints r1 and 12. Hairs 
blackish, fine, not abundant. 


Food-plant.—Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginica ). 


Larve from Rhinebeck, New York. 


PERIDROMA INCIVIS, Guen. 
£gg.—lIrregularly spherical, the base flattened ; vertically striated, the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19 


strie becoming irregular near the vertex where they meet. Colour pale 
yellow. Diameter about 0.5 mm. Laid in a single layer, the eggs con- 
tiguous to each other. 


First stage.—Geometriform. Head round, brownish. Body semi- 
transparent whitish with a purple shade, and small black dots. Thoracic 
feet black, the abdominal ones well developed only on joints 9, ro and 13. 
Later it becomes more as in the next stage in markings. 


Second stage —Head semi-transparent, almost colourless but with a 
reddish-tinge ; ocelli black, jaws brown; a brown line along the side ; 
width, about 0.6 mm. Body green, a distinct brown stigmatal line with 
two more above it but less distinct. Another line in the subventral space. 
A few short, black set. Feet all concolorous with body. The larve 
walk like geometers. 


Third stage.—Head shining, pale whitish with two faint brownish 
bands in front, divergent basally ; a distinct band at side of head covering 
eyes, preceded by a fainter one ; mouth brownish ; width, o.g mm. Body 
grass-green with five dark brown lines on each side, the upper ones 
rather faint, the stigmatal one very distinct, the subventral one diffuse. 
Between these last two is a broad white band. Feet all present, but the 
two anterior pair of abdominal ones much smaller than the others. The 
larvee still walk with a looping motion, but less decidedly than before. 


Fourth stage.— Head grass-green, shining, marked as before, but the 
mouth whitish ; width, 1.3 mm. Joint 12 slightly enlarged. Colour 
grass-green ; a geminate, dorsal, brownish line, continuing the front lines of 
head ; a pale, obscure, subdorsal and a superstigmatal line, each edged 
with brownish above ; a broad dark brown stigmatal band, below which 
the substigmatal ridge is white. Thoracic feet semi-transparent. The 
spiracles on joints 2 and 12 are white. Later, a brownish-red band 
appears in the centre of the white band. 


More rarely the head is very pale whitish-brown, marked as above. 
Body reddish-brown, somewhat mottled with darker brown. Markings 
the same, but there are six faint, narrow lines between the dorsal and 
substigmatal ones. 

Fifth stage—Brown form. ead very pale brownish, marked with 


black on the clypeus, two broad lines divergent basally and three bands 
at the side, connected by mottlings ; eyes black, jaws brownish, antennze 


20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





pale; width,2 mm. Body pale brown, mottled with dark brown, more 
thickly along the longitudinal lines. A row of subdorsal brown spots, 
smaller at the extremities. Subdorsal and lateral lines faint, narrow, 
double, irregular. Substigmatal band broad, pinkish-brown, edged on 
both sides with white, extending on to the feet of joint 13. Piliferous 
spots small, black. Spiracles white, those on joints 2 and 12 large. 
Abdominal feet nearly equally developed, the larva walking normally, no 
longer geometriform. 

Green form.—Head pale green, marked the same, but less distinctly. 
Body grass-green, finely mottled with white, with the faint, narrow, irregu- 
lar dorsal, double subdorsal and lateral white lines and substigmatal band 
as above. 

Sixth stage.—Head shining pale whitish-brown; antennz and mouth 
paler ; jaws tipped with black ; ocelli black. Down the front of the head 
extend two broad, black bands, diverging on either side of the clypeus 
and ending before reaching the mouth. These are connected by mot- 
tlings with a fainter band before the eyes on each side. Behind the eye 
are three more bands, irregular and partly connected. An obscure white 
band runs from base of antenne to meet the substigmatal line on the 
body. A few sete. Width, 3 mm. Body pale brown, mottled with black 
and a little white on the dorsum, the latter mostly in narrow dorsal, sub- 
dorsal and traces of the other lines. A subdorsal row of black diffuse 
spots, more distinct on the middle segments. Substigmatal band pinkish, 
edged with white. Piliferous spots small, white, those on the venter black. 

food-plant.—F¥ed on bur-grass ( Cenchrus tribuloides). 

Larva from Lake Worth, Florida. 

HADENA EVELINA, French. , 


Head sordid green ; ocelli black ; width, 2.5 mm. Body green, mot- 
tled with white ; a narrow, dorsal, white line and traces of a subdorsal 
one in segregations of the mottlings ; a distinct, but narrow stigmatal 
white line, passing below the spiracle on joint 12 and on to the anal foot. 
Spiracles black ringed. Piliferous dots not distinct. Later the colour is 
pale brown, sparsely mottled with black. Head brown, reticulated with 
dark brown. Anal plate and cervical shield dark brown, the latter edged 
in front with black. The mottlings give the appearance of oblique seg- 
mental shades. Piliferous dots black, narrowly surrounded by white. 

food-plants.—Lupine (Lupinus) and wild currant (Ribes). 

Larve from Yosemite, California. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, ° 21 








- XYLOMIGES SIMPLEX, Walker. 
crucialis, Harvey. 

Head black, smooth, shining; labrum and bases of antenne pale 
yellow ; width, 2.6 mm. Body not distinctly enlarged at joint 12, but 
joint 13 small. Piliferous tubercles very large, shiny brownish, each with 
a single hair. Body sordid greenish-white, of no decided colour, slightly 
translucent. A dorsal and subdorsal paler white lines. A broad pale 
yellow stigmatal line, shaded with orange centrally, continued narrowly 
and indistinctly on to the anal feet. Spiracles black. 


Last stage.— Head bright shining red-brown ; labrum and bases of an- 
tennz white ; jaws and ocelli black; width, 4 mm. Thoracic feet pale 
red-brown. Body sordid, subtranslucent white. Dorsal and subdorsal 
lines narrow, faint, white. Stigmatal line broad, pale yellow, enclosing 
the black spiracles. Piliferous dots small, black, with somewhat elevated 
larger bases. Under a glass the body appears mottled with white. 


Food-plants.—Willow (Salix) and wild currant (Ribes). The larve 
live singly in houses made of leaves lined with silk, closed except for a 
hole at one end. 


Found at Yosemite, California. 


ACONTIA ERASTROIDES, Guen. 


£gg.—Conical, flat at base, with 14 longitudinal ribs, the alternate 
ones slightly projecting at the top, the others not reaching quite so far. 
Besides these are many transverse ridges, but slightly elevated. Colour 
uniform green ; width, 0.25 mm.; height, 0.35 mm. 

First larval stage-—Geometriform, with only ro well-developed legs. 
Green, a transverse band around each segment brownish, somewhat ele- 
vated. Head, cervical shield and thoracic feet black. 


Larve from Rhinebeck, New York. 


CATOCALA CEROGAMA, Guen. 

Ash-gray, with many longitudinal rows of black points. Two black 
elevations on joint 12. Venter yellowish-green, this colour separated 
from the dorsal gray by a subventral line of white fringe-like processes. 
Head gray with black markings ; joint 2 spotted with black. 

Food-plant.—Linden (Zilia americana). 

Larva from Ulster Co., New York. 


92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





THE MOTTLED UMBER MOTH. 
(Hibernia defoliaria, L.) 
BY JAMES FLETCHER, OTTAWA. . 

Some years ago I received from the Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Victoria, 
Vancouver Island, a specimen of 
E\ the Mottled Umber Moth. This 
had been named by the Rev. G. D. 
Hulst, of Brooklyn, and was, I be- 
lieve, the first specimen of the spe- 
cies recorded as taken in America. 
Later, in 1889, two specimens were 
forwarded from the same place by 
Mr. W. H. Danby. Since that time, — 
“FEMALE; CATERPILLAR AETER Tascnensenc, although looked for regularly at the 
(Figure kindly lent by Miss E. A. Ormerod). time the males fly in autumn, none 
had been observed until this year, when the larvae were so abundant 

that they caused considerable injuries to plum and cherry trees. 


The following interesting letter on the occurrence of this insect last 
season is from Mr. W. H. Danby :— 


“Dec. 7, 1893.—H. defoliaria has been wonderfully plentiful this 
year in comparison with other seasons. During June and in the early part 
of July, the larvee were a pest in most orchards and gardens, and they fed 
upon cherry and plum, seeming to prefer the plum. None were seen on 
apple. In one garden a young cherry tree, 6 feet high, had a quantity on 
it, and the plum trees suffered considerably from the voracity of the larvze ; 
but the apple trees in the same garden were not affected. I forwarded 
larvee to you June 2oth, and placed others in a breeding cage, being lucky 
enough to successfully rear several to the imago. I am glad to know that 
you also bred the imago. In 188g, I took 3 males in Victoria, and since 
then have looked for it everywhere in vain till this season, when the 
larvee swarmed. The imagos began to appear about November 15th, and 
the electric lights proved as usual to be a great attraction. On the door- 
ways of two hotels I collected eight dozen in one morning, and every day 
after that more or less were to be found on the stone walls of the aforesaid 
hotels. One peculiar result of the electric light drawing the male imagos 
from all quarters to the centre of the city was that in places where they 
had emerged from pupze very few males were to be seen, while the apte- 
rous ? was found to be common. The sexes seem to average about 1 ? 





bo 
iss) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





to6f g¢, or say 15% are? 2. Ihave made enquiries and fail to find that 
the larva was seen on apple, whilst everyone I have interviewed on the 
subject noticed the cherry and plum trees being attacked; still, the 
larvee may have fed on apple in places not visited by me, and as you 
say, ‘but surely they also fed on apple,’ I presume they do, and I will next 
year keep a look out for them and watch closely what they do feed on. 


“The markings of the males vary very much; I havea series of 6 which 
are wonderfully unlike each other; in fact, H. defoliaria varies in its 
markings just as much as C. Bruceata or LE. Somniaria do, and some are 
beautiful by the very reason of their wonderful contrast to the type— 
while one has the bands nearly black, another has apparently no median 
band, but is thoroughly suffused. 

‘The females are fond of climbing to the top of the fence rails and sun- 
ning themselves. They have very long legs, it seems to me, so much so 
that they have trouble in walking. Most of the imagos bred by me 
were females.” 

The caterpillars sent me by Mr. Danby were received at Ottawa on 
June 28th, and were full grown. They pupated in a few days, most of 
them on the surface of the ground, but some a short distance beneath. A 
few specimens were parasitized by the larve of a Tachinid fly. The first 
moth, a male, emerged on November 27th, so that the pupal stage lasted 
almost five months, The pupa is smooth, dark reddish-brown, nearly 34 
of an inch in length, and has the last segment terminated by a stout spine. 
The moth is of a dull ochre-brown hue, expanding 134 inches, and has the 
upper wings dotted and crossed diagonally by two dark waved bands ; the 
space between these two bands is pale and bears a dark discal spot ; 
the lower wings are paler than the upper, and like them sprinkled with 
brown dots and have a dark spot near the middle. The female moth is 
brown with two rows of conspicuous spots down the back. The wings 
in this sex are almost entirely aborted. 

The occurrence of this insect at Victoria is worthy of note, as in Eng- 
land it is one of the worst orchard pests. In England, however, it is 
chiefly an apple pest, and it is rather strange that it has not been found 
on apple trees in British Columbia. Miss E. A. Ormerod says as to the 
food of the Mottled Umber Moth :—‘“ The caterpillars are very abundant, 
and very injurious to the leafage of various kinds of fruit and forest trees, 
as oak, lime, etc. They have been especially noted as feeding at times on 
unripe cherries, gnawing away one side of the fruit.” (‘‘ Manual of Injuri- 


24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ous Insects,” p. 337.) The habits of this moth are very similar to 
those of our canker worms (Anzsopteryx). When the moths appear in the 
autumn, the females crawl up the trunks of trees and lay their eggs on the 
branches. In this condition the insect passes the winter. 

The following description of the larvee was taken from the British 
Columbian specimens sent by Mr. Danby :— 


Mature Larva.—Length, 14% inches. Head, round, bilobed at apex, 
chestnut-red, mottled. Mouth parts darkened. Dorsal region reddish- 
brown, darkened with fine black broken lines arranged as follows: A 
dorsal double stripe which widens a little in the middle of each segment 
and is shaded with pale yellow ; two narrow subdorsal lines, rather indis- 
tinct, and placed on a reddish field ; a double lateral stripe, the lower line of 
which is distinct and sinuous. Beneath this dorsal area the stigmatal area 
is bright yellow. The spiracles themselves are white, ringed with black, 
and are in the centre of blotches of reddish-brown shaded anteriorly 
with black. Ventral area, including thoracic feet and prolegs, pale yellow. 
Some specimens are much darker than others; in the darkest there is a 
broken supraventral stripe just beneath the substigmatal fold, sometimes 
running up on to it. The prolegs on roth segment are also sometimes 
darkened extericrly. 

I believe the British Columbian insect to be identical with the English, 
as I can find no difference between either the moths or the caterpillars. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW HYMENOPTEROUS PARA- 
SITES FROM WATER BEETLES. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


I can find no record of the breeding of Hymenopterous parasites from 
water beetles, in either the European or American faunas, and it is, there- 
fore, with considerable pleasure that I here describe two distinct species 
of Hymenopterous insects, reared from water beetles by Mr. H. F. Wick- 
ham, of Iowa City, Iowa, belonging in genera not yet reported as 
occurring in our fauna. 

The genus Gausocentrus is one of Forster’s new genera erected in his 
‘‘ Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen,” 1868, p. 198, 
and appears a valid one, although, so far as I am aware, it still remains 
unrecognized by European authorities, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25 


Cyrtogaster, Walker, is a well-known European genus well represented 
in our fauna, although now noticed for the first time, my collection con- 
taining not less than seven undescribed species. Kirchner records eleven 
described species in Europe. 

SUB-FAMILY TRYPHONINA. 
Tribe AZesoleptini. 
Genus Gawusocentrus, Forster. 
1. Gausocentrus gyrini, sp. 0. 

¢.—Length, 3.5 to 3.8 mm. Black, shining, impunctate, clothed 
with a sparse, ‘fine greyish pubescence, more’ apparent on face and 
metapleura, the apex of second abdominal segment broadly margined 
with red; petiole and second segment towards base subopaque, the 
former channeled, the latter feebly aciculated basally ; petiole very long, 
rather slender and nearly as wide at base as at apex, about one-fourth 
longer than the second segment; third segment about two-thirds the 
length of second ; fourth about half the length of third ; following seg- 
ments a little shorter subequal. 

Head transverse, a little wider than the widest part of thorax, polished, 
except the face, which is feebly rugulose ; clypeus subconvex, polished, 
truncate at apex ; eyes larger, extending nearly to the base of mandibles ; 
palpi pale or yellowish; mandibles pale rufous, bi-dentate, the teeth 
subequal ; antennz long, filiform, 20-jointed, reaching to base of second 
abdominal segment, the scape and pedicel obscure rufous, stouter than 
the flagellum and together not quite as long as the first flagellar joint, 
the flagellum black, cylindrical, of a uniform thickness throughout, finely 
pubescent, the joints gradually shortening toward apex. 

Thorax smooth, with two well-defined parapsidal furrows ; pronotum 
contracted, much narrower than the mesonotum ; scutellum with a deep 
transverse depression at base, behind which it is convexly elevated ; 
metathorax areolated above, rounded off posteriorly, with the pleura 
finally rugose ; tegulee and legs, including ali coxz, brownish-yellow, or 
pale ferruginous, the middle and hind tarsi and the posterior tibiz above, 
subfuscous ; tibial spurs, 1, 2, 2, not conspicuous ; wings hyaline, the 
large stigma and venation dark brown; areolet pentagonal ;.second dis- 
coidal cell only about half the length of the third, the discoidal nervure 
very obtusely angulate a little before the middle of the third discoidal cell. 

Hab.—Independence, Iowa. 

Bred by Mr. H. F. Wickham, from pupa of a water beetle, Gyrznus sp. 


26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





FaMILY CHALCIDID&. 
SuUB-FAMILY PTEROMALINA. 
Tribe Sphegigastrini. 
Genus Cyrtogaster, Walker. 
2. Cyrtogaster dineutis, sp. n. 


?.—Length, 2.5 to 2.65 mm. Bronze-green, confluently punctate ; 
sides of thorax and beneath bluish, or blue-green, with a conspicuous 
smooth triangular cupreous spot beneath the insertion of hind wing ; 
metapleura with some long greyish hairs; palpi fuscous; mandibles 
piceous or rufo-piceous ; scape, pedicel and legs, except cox, brownish- 
yellow ; flagellum black or brown-black ; coxz metallic-green ; wings 
hyaline, the nervures pale. 


The head is broadly transverse, wider than the widest part of meso- 
thorax, or a little more than three times as wide as thick antero-posteriorly, 
the punctation finer on face and towards the clypeus, the latter with some fine 
converging striz; antenne 13-jointed, inserted a little below the middle of 
the face, the flagellum subclavate, about one and a-half times as long as 
the scape ; pedicel long, longer than the first flagellar joint and the two 
ring-joints combined ; flagellar joints, after the first, wider than long. 
Thorax with the parapsidal furrows indicated only anteriorly, the prono- 
tum transverse, much narrower than the mesonotum, the metanotum 
much produced at apex, confluently punctate, with a carina above ; wings 
hyaline, the apical two-thirds pubescent, the basal one-third bare ; the 
marginal and post-marginal nervures are nearly equal in length, about 
one-third longer than the stigmal, the stigmal nervure ends in a small 
stigma with a slight uncus. 


Abdomen short ovate, attaclied to the produced portion of the meta- 
thorax by a short but distinct petiole, the segments two and three very 
large, occupying most of the surface, the second with a deep emargination 
at base, the segments after the third very short, subequal, all united not 
Jonger than the third. 


Hab.—Independence, Iowa, 
Bred by Mr. H. F. Wickham from the pupa of Dineutes assimi/is, 
obtained September 1, the flies issuing September 11 and 12. 


This species is probably only a secondary parasite, judging from 
other bred species of the genus in my collection. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY?. 27 


BOOK NOTICES. 





“Tue BourrerFites oF NortTH AMERICA: By W. H. Edwards. Third 
Series... “Part XIII. 


Another part of Mr. Edwards’s magnificent work has been received, 
and is of particular interest toCanadian students. The three beautiful plates 
represent the following :—Plate I., Meominois Ridingsit, Edw. The upper 
and lower sides of both sexes of the early and late forms are shown, to- 
gether with the egg and pupa, and a full series of enlarged drawings illus- 
trating the larva in all its stages. ‘This is a Coloradan insect, and flies in 
the mountains at an elevation of from 5,000 to 8,000 feet. Up to the 
present there is no recorded instance of 4. Rzdingsii having been taken 
in Canada. 

Plate II. shows Chionobas Aino, Bdl., ¢ and 2, and a variety of the 
male, as well as Ch. 42no, var. Assimilis, Butler,and the egg of Craméis, 
Freyer. 470 is an arctic species occurring with the variety in Labrador, 
and also in Colorado where it inhabits the loftiest mountain peaks. An 
interesting account of its habits is given from the notes of Mr. David Bruce, 
who has done a great deal to work up the life-histories of the butterflies of 
tne Coloradan mountains. no belongs to the Semidea group of the 
genus, and has been confounded with that species and Cramdéis, Freyer. 
Mr. Edwards says :—*‘ It was not till Mr. Bruce explored the peaks of 
‘Colorado that it became possible to understand what 4:70 was, and the 

limitation cf Srucez made clear the position of Crambdzs.” 

The series is now arranged as follows :— 

1. CRAMBIS, Freyer. 
2. Bruce, Edw. 
3. AiNO, Bdl. 
; var. ASSIMILIS, Butler. 
4. SEMIDEA. 
5. SUBHYALINA. 
Ch. Also, Bdl., Mr. Edwards rejects altogether as an American species. 
Plate III. shows Ch. Macounii, the grand species which was dis- 
covered at Nepigon, north of Lake Superior, by Prof. John Macoun, of 
the Geological Survey, in whose honour it was named. CA. Macounii 
belongs to a different group of the genus to the species mentioned above, 
-and finds its place with Ca/ifornica and some other large species occur- 
ring on the Pacific coast. It is a fine insect expanding 2-2% inches 


28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





and has the remarkable feature of lacking the sexual band of androconia 

or special scales, which is such a striking characteristic of the males of 
all the other species in the genus. The plate is a very beautiful one, and 

shows a pale male and the full life-history with the exception of the 

pupa. The female figured, although of course copied from an actual 

specimen, is hardly typical of that sex, and it is to be hoped that at some 

future time Mr. Edwards will publish another illustration showing the 

more usual form, which has a much richer appearance both on the upper 

and under sides. | 


Ch. Macounii is decidedly a variable species, both in the intensity of 
the golden brown of the wings, in the amount of infuscation along the 
nervures, and in the size and number of the ocelli. Both sexes frequently 
have three ocelli on the primaries, and occasionally four. One specimen 
in my collection, plainly a male, has four distinct ocelli on the primaries, 
the second and fourth from the apex large and pupilled. In fact, this 
specimen has more nearly the markings of what appears to me the typical 
form of the females. ‘There is also a very much infuscated variation of 
the male which is rarely taken, in which the nervures are all broadly 
bordered and the greater part of the surface of the disk is covered with 
dark scales. One of these was mentioned by Mr. Edwards in his 
original description (CAN. Ent., XVIL., p. 74), and was omitted from the 
plate now published for want of space. ‘The life-history of this species 
has not yet been fully worked out, as no one has succeeded in obtaining 
the pupa. It will probably be much like that of Cz. Chryxus; but for 
the present it is unknown, and it remains for some expert and patient 
breeder to carry the larvee through all their stages and obtain this missing 
link. The eggs are easily obtained when a female has been captured ; 
but the breeding is very tedious, the larval life lasting nearly two years. 

JAMES FLETCHER. 





- MONOGRAPH OF THE NORTH AMERICAN PROCTOTRYPIDZ, by William 
H. Ashmead. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, No. 45 ; 
pages 472; plates 18. 

Every student of the Hymenoptera must be delighted at the issue of 
this magnificent volume, which bears most ample testimony to the exten- 
sive studies and patient industry of the author. ‘Treating, as he does, of 

a family in which the American species had previously been but meagrely 

represented in collections, he has necessarily been compelled to describe - 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 





a large proportion of the insects now recognized, and to erect a consider- 
able number of genera for their reception. The labour involved in the 
critical examinations requisite for the determination and description of so 
many microscopic forms, and in the preparation of the voluminous text, 
must have been enormous, yet the author has been able to amplify and 
embellish his work by the delineation of some one hundred and fifty 
exquisite figures. 


The position of the Proctotrypide in the order Hymenoptera is con- 
sidered to be much more closely ailied to some families of the Aculeata 
than to the Chalcididz, with which they have been usually grouped, while 
they also approach in other respects the parasitic Cynipide. The 
Mymarine, hitherto included as a sub-family, are set aside as constituting 
a distinct family allied to the Chalcidide, so that the species now con- 
tained in the Proctotrypidz are characterized, and distinguished from the 
Chalcids, by the pronotum extending back to the tegule, and the ovi- 
positor issuing from the tip of the abdomen. ‘Ten sub-families are 
recognized, which contain about one hundred and thirty genera, repre- 
sented by nearly six hundred species—a doubling of the genera and 
quadrupling of the species as enumerated in the catalogue of Hymenop- 
tera issued a few years ago by Mr. Cresson. Many of the genera are 
known only by single species, but others contain numerous forms, the 
most extensive being Polygnotus (32), Proctotrypes (21), Prosacantha 
(27) and Telenomus (32). The synoptic tables requisite for the separa. 
tion of the species in such genera, as well as the tables for the distinction 
of genera, etc., give evidence of great care and skill in their preparation 
and arrangement. 


While many of the genera are apparently confined to the more south- 
erly and westerly regions, the species in other groups have an extended 
range, which at times seems to be almost continental, as for instance 
Proctotrypes californicus, which has been taken at Ottawa The members 
of this family have received but scanty attention in Canada, so that their 
distribution northward cannot be stated, but undoubtedly many interest- 
ing species could be found by a careful and patient collector in any 
locality. Provancher, in his Faune Entomologique, was able only to 
announce the occurrence of zzze species, and about twice as many are 
recorded in his Additions completed just before his death. Mr. Ashmead, 
however, has been able to enlarge the list of Canadian species to about 
ninety. With the exception of three forms from Vancouver Island, the 


30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





species are all from a few localities in Eastern Ontario and Quebec, so 
that the Dominion as a whole has been practically unworked. ‘The three 
western species are AZesitius vancouverensis and Polymecus vancounerensis, 
collected by the Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Victoria (and communicated 
through the writer to Mr. Ashmead), and Anteon puncticeps, taken by Mr. 


Wickham. 
Although the Proctotrypids are all small, and frequently microscopic, 


they show great variations in structure, and their study thus becomes very 
interesting. A large proportion of them are egg-parasites, while others 
prey upon Aphidide, Cecidomyide, etc. In many species (noticeably in 
the sub-family Bethylinz) the females differ largely from the males in the 
shape of the head, antennze and structure generally. Those of the sub- 
family Dryininz have remarkable chelate, or pincer-like claws, on the 
anterior feet, which are probably for more firmly grasping, during oviposi- 
tion, the small, active homopterous insects on which the larve are 
parasitic. Many forms are wingless or have very rudimentary wings, but 
they are, nevertheless, very nimble little atoms, and can leap many times 
their own length. 

As the appearance of Mr. Ashmead’s splendid moncgraph may stimu- 
late some of our members to the collection and study of these insects, it 
may be stated that a considerable number of the species, such as Beeus, 
etc., may be obtained even in winter by sifting moss as is done for small 
coleoptera. This habit of hibernating in the moss of swampy localities is 
another feature (not mentioned by the author) which separates them from 


the other hymenoptera known to me, with the exception, perhaps, of ants, 
which are also occasionally obtained in sifting. Wie eles dae 





CORRESPONDENCE. 
SYNCHLOE LACINIA, ABERR. RUFESCENS. 

I had intended to withdraw this name, lest the form to which it refers 
might be one of those already named as a species ; but now that it has 
been published by Mr. Edwards (Vol. XXV., p. 287), it will be useful to 
define its precise application. The original specimen was described by me as 
follows :—Bands ochre stroagly paced with orange above and below; 
bands on upper side of hind-wings broad, orange, reaching to the row os 
white spots ; outer row of spots on both wings unusually large ; band on 
upper side of fore-wings practically continuous. Size, rather small. 
Juarez (not Juarey), Mexico, Aug. 26. 

T. D. A. CocKERELL, 
Las Cruces, New Mexico, Nov. 13th, 1893. 


Mailed January 15th. 


The Canaan, antomolonist. 


VOL. 3 XXVI. 





LONDON, FEBRUARY, Faas No. oi 








A CHECK LIST OF THE NEARCTIC COCCID. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX. 


It is ten years since Prof. Comstock published his list of North Ameri- 
can Coccidze*, and as the work done since that time is scattered through 
very various publications, it seems opportune to present a check list, 
from which the student can learn precisely what species are now credited 
to our fauna. 

All forms from America north of Mexico are included herein, but a 
few Mexican species which perhaps belong rather to the nearctic than 
neotropical region, are excluded. ' Species known to have been introduced 
and which have no claim to belong to the North American fauna, are 
placed within square brackets [ |. Synonyms are in italics. 

Icerya, Sign. ?[ 13. D. iceryoides, Mask., 1891.] 
(1. 1. purchasi, AZaske//, 1878. | BeRcrRoTHIA, Kraatz. 


2. I. rose, Riley & Howd., 1890. 


CrErococcus, Comst. 

3. C. quercus, Comst., 1882. 
GossyPARIA, Sign. 

[4. G. ulmi, Geof: | 


Eriococcus, Targ. 
[5. E. azaleze, Comst., 188. | 
[6. E. araucariz, Jask., 1878.] 
7. E. quercus, Comst., 1881. 
DactTYLopius, Costa. 
2/8. D. adonidum, Zznz., 1767. | 
g. D. citri, Boisd. 
phyllococcus, Ashm., 1879. 
destructor, Comst., 1881. 
[10. D. longifilis, Comst., 1881. | 
11. D. crawil, Coguil/., 1889. 
12. D. ryani, Cogui//., 1889. 


14. B. townsendi, C22. 


PuHeENacoccus, Ckll. 
15. P. yucce, Coguzll, 1890. 
16. P. helianthi, Ckll. 
17. P. aceris, Geoff., 1762. 


Coccus, Linn. 

To. Gocaeti, 27799: 

1g. C. confusus, Ck. ALS. 

20. C. sorghiellus, Forbes. 

21. C. trifolii, Forbes. WY hs 
KerMeEs, ‘ Linn.” : 4 

22. K. galliformis, A7/ey, 188 1 
TACHARDIA, Sign. ' 

23. T. larrez, Comst., 1882.' 
ORTHEZIA, Bosc. 

24. O. americana, Wadker. 

25: O. occidentalis, cage 1891. 








“2nd Rept. Dept. Entom., Cornell rai. Exper. Station n (1883). 


Reg > 


ae THE CANADIAN 


© 


26. O. anne, CZ. 

27. O. edwardsii, Ashm., 1888. 

[28. O. insignis, Doug/., 1887. | 
PROSOPOPHARA, Dougl. 

29. P. rufescens, Ck//., 1893. 
ASTEROLECANIUM, Targ. 

[30. A. quercicola, Bouché. | 

31. A. pustulans, CA//., 1892. 
LEcANIODIASPIS, Targ. 

32. L. yucce, Ailey MS. 
Po.tuinia, ‘Targ. 

[33. P. pollini, Costa. 
coste, Varg , 1869. | 

Putvinaria, Targ. 

34. P. innumerabilis, Rathv., 1854. 
acericorticis, Fitch., 1860. 
acericola, W. & R., 1868. 

35. P. macluree, Kenn. AS., Fitch. 

1855. 
maclure, W. & R., 1868. 
?[ 36. P. vitis, Zzzn. | 
37. P. Salicis; bouche,” Sava .; 
LS7e 

38. P. bigelovize, C&d/. 

[39. P. camellicola, Sigz., 1873. | 
Lecanium, Illig. 

40. L, hesperidum, Znz. 

?[41. L. depressum, Zarg.] 

42. L. armeniacum, Craw. 


43. L. pruinosum, Comst. MS., 
Cog., 1891. 


44. L. platycerii, Pack., 1870. 
45. L. quercitronis, /itch. 

46. L quercifex, Fitch. 

47. 1. fletchert, (CA/Z, 1893. 
48. L. quercus, “Zinn.”, Siga. 
49. L. ribis, itch, 1856. 

50. I. tulipiferaee, Cook, 1878. 


? ¢i/ie, Fitch, nec Linn. 


ENTOMOLOGIST. — 


[51. L. pyri, Schrank.]| 


52. L. robiniarum, Doug7., 1890. 
robinie, Riley MS. 

[53. L. persicae, Fabr., 1798. | 

54. L. juglandifex, Fitch, 1856. 

55. L. fitchii, Stgn., 1873. 

56. L. cynosbati, itch, 1856. 

57. L. corylifex, Atch, 1856. 


58. L. cerasifex, /itch, 1856. 

59. L. caryee, Fitch, 1856. 

60. L. antennatum, Sigv., 1873. 

61. L. hemisphericum, Zarg. 

62. L. hibernaculorum, Boisdv., 
1868. 

filicum, Bozsdv., 1868. 

olex, Bern. 


63. L. 
o4. OL: 
CEROPLASTES, Gray. 


65. C.cirripediformis, Comst.,188t. 
66. C. artemisiz, Reley AS. (nec 
Rossi). 

67. C. irregularis, C&//. 

68. C. floridensis, Coms¢., 1881. 

?[69. C. rusci, Linn. | 
CTENOCHITON, Mask. 

?[70. C. perforatus, AZask., 1879. | 
Aspipiotus, Bouché. 


[71. A. nerii, Bouché, 1833. | 
72. A. uve, Comst., 1881. 
var. coloratus, CR//. 


73. A. perniciosus, Comst., 188r. 
74. A. ancylus, Putnam, 1877. 

75. A. abietis, Comst., 1883. 

76. A abietoides, Pettit MS. 

77. A. pini, Comst., 1881. 

[78. A. cyanophylli, Sigz , 1869. | 
[79. A. spinosus, Comst., 1883. | 
80. A. juglans-regiz, Comst., 1881. 
81. A. convexus, Comst?., 1881. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


——_—<—<—<———————EEE 





. cydonie, Comst., 1881. 
. rapax, Comst., 1881. 
?=camelliz, Bozsdv., 1868. 
. perseze, Comst., 1881. 
. tenebricosus, Comst?., 1881. 
. ficus, Reiley MS., Ashm., 
1880. | 
. smilacis, Comst., 1883. 
. obscurus, Coms?., 1881. 
. aurantii, AZask., 1878. 
citrz, Comst. 
var. citrinus, Cogwuzid/. | 
go. A. corticalis, Rz/ev ALS. 
gt. A. sabalis, Comst., 1883. 
PsEUDOPARLATORIA, CkIl. 
92. P. parlatorioides, Coms?., 1883. 
PARLATORIA, larg. 
93. P. pergandii, Comst., 1881. 
var. camellize, Coms?., 1883. 
94. P. proteus, Curtis, 1843. 
?[ 95. P. zizyphus, Zacas, 1853.| 
Frorinia, Targ. 
[96. F. fiorinie, Zarg., 1867. 
camellie, Comst., 1881. 
Iscunaspis, Dougl. 
[97. I. filiformis, Douwg?., 1887. 
? =longirostris, Sigv., 1882. | 
Myrizaspis, Targ. 
98. M. citricola, Pack., 1870. 
? = pinneformis, Bouché. 
99. M. gloverii, Pack., 1869. 
100. M. albus, C2//., var. concolor, 
Ckil. 
to1. M. pomorum, Souché, 1851. 
? = linearis, AZodeer. 
pyrus-malus, Kenn., 1854. 


Oe 
OS 


juglandis, Fitch, 1856. 
pomicorticis, Riley, 1873. 
Pinnaspis, Ckll. 
[to2. P. pandani, Coms¢., 1881. 
? =buxi, Bouché | 
CHIONASPIS, Sign. 
103. C. citri, Comst., 1883. 
104. C. euonymi, Comst., 1881. 
tos. C. furfurus, itch, 1856. 
cerasi, Fitch, 1856. 
lintneri, Comst., 1883. 
salicis, Zinn. 
salicis-nigre, Waish, 1868. 
spartinee, Comst., 1883. 
tog C. nysse, Comst., 188r. 
110. C. pinifolii, itch, 1855. 
t11. C. quercus, Comst., 1881. 
112. C. ortholobis, Coms?., 188°. 
[113. C. biclavis, Comst., 1883.| 
Po.raspis, Mask. 
[114. P. cycadis, Comst., 1883. | 


106. C. 
40793: C; 


HOos GC: 


Diasplis, Costa. 
[x15. D. cacti, Comst., 1883. | 
[r16. D. carueli, Zarg., 1868. ] 
[r17. D. harrisii, Walsh, 1860. 
? =circularis, Fitch, 1856. 
ostreeformis, Sign., (nec 
Curt.) | 
Au.acaspis, Ckll. 
118. A. rose, Bouché, 1833. 
[r19. A. bromeliz, Kerner, 1788. | 
[r20. A. boisduvalii, Sign., 1869. | 
Fossil Spectes. 
LEACHIA, Sign., (nec Risso.) 
121. L. simplex, Scudd@., 1890. 


NOTES. 
(x.) An interesting Monophlebid, representing a new genus and 


species, is found on Prosopis at Las Cruces. 


It cannot be included in the 


34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





list, being at present nameless. Prof. C. H. T. Townsend has given an, 
account of it in Bull. 7 of the New Mexico Exper. Station, and it will be 
described in detail and named at some future time by Prof. Riley.. 

The adult ¢ has a large white ovisac, and g-jointed antenne. ‘The 
young (2nd stage) are so much like /cerya palmeri that J thought they 
might be that species ; but Prof. Riley pointed out ‘to me that the newly- 
hatched larvee could be distinguished from /. fa/meri without any difficulty, 
since they possess only four (instead of six) especially long terminal hairs, 
and these are not so long as in palmer. 

On July 21 I was fortunate in finding the ¢. Its body is dark dull 
red, antenne and legs black. The wings are smoky with a dark costa 
and two white lines. There are no conspicuous caudal appendages, but 
two black bristles of only moderate length. Dorsum of thorax more or 
less shiny black. 

(2.) It seems doubtful whether Dactylopius adonidum, as defined by 
Signoret, can be definitely recorded from North America. 

(3.) Dactylopius iceryoides, Ctenochiton perforatus, etc., are men- 
tioned in Znsect Life, April, 1893, p. 281-2, as having been imported into 
California. I suppose, however, that they have not become established 
there, and so have marked them with a query in the list. The species 
referred to are Nos. 13, 41, 69, 70. Others mentioned in the same article 
are well-known to be established in America. 

(4.) Bergrothia takes the place of Westwoodia (preoccupied). A 
second species is known to occur in North America, but it has not been 
named. 

(5.) Nos. 14, 16, 26, 38, 67, 72 var., and 100 var. have not been pub- 
lished at the date of writing, but their descriptions have been sent out 
for publication. 

(6.) Phenacoccus takes the place of Pseudococcus, Auctt., nec Westwood. 

(7.) Coccus confusus (which probably includes all reputed C. cacti of 
the Rocky Mtn. Region) is congeneric with an insect from Mexico, which 
Lichtenstein identified as Acanthococcus tomentosus (Lam.). The larva 
has spines after the manner of Capud/inia salle: ; the antenne of the 
adult @ are very degenerate, 5-jointed. Hab., Las Cruces, N. Mex., 


on cacti. 


(8.) C. trifolli and sorghiellus.—I1 know these only from Prof. Gar- 
man’s account in 2nd Kentucky Report. One can safely say that they 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35 








do not belong to Coccus, as now understood ; and until they are more 
critically examined it will be hard to guess at their proper location. 

(9.) Orthesia insignis has been found by Mr. R. H. Pettit in a hot- 
house in the State of New York. 

(10.) Nos. 32, 66, 52 syn., and go are credited to Riley MS. The 
names have all been published (two by Prof. Townsend, two by Mr. 
Howard), but no formal descriptions have appeared. 

(11.) Pulvinaria vitis probably occurs with us, but it requires confir- 
mation. It is recorded by Fitch. 

(12.) P. camellicola I have from Macon, Ga., sent by Dr. Riley. 

(13.) Lecanium armeniacum is a Californian species; to judge from 
published figures, much like depressum. 

(14.) Lecanium pyri is recorded by Fitch. He confused some 
Pulvinaria with it, but there is no such species as Pulvinaria pyri, 
Fitch, properly speaking. Mr, J. Fletcher has sent me a Lecanium on 
apple, from P. Edward I. : the specimen arrived squashed flat, but on 
careful examination I cannot see that it is other than veritable Z. pyri, 
Schr. It is strongly and thickly pitted, like the form found by Signoret 


on apple 
(15.) Aspidiotus abietoides will be described by Mr. Pettit. . He has 


kindly sent me specimens. 

(16.) Aspzdiotus spinosus and one or two other species are marked as 
introduced, because only found on hot-house plants, although their native 
country is unknown. 

(17.) Aspidiotus juglans-regie, from its mode of occurrence, might be 
suspected as a foreigner ; and it is to be observed that in the same year 
that it was published, Colvée described an A. juglandis from Catalonia. 
Dr. J. V. Carus has most kindly transcribed for me the description of the 
latter, and I find it very nearly fits ju/ans-regie,—so nearly, that the 
differences in the descriptions may not be essential. 

(18.) Parlatoria zizyphus I have found on lemons exposed for sale at 
Las Cruces, N. Mex. The vendor told me he ¢hought they came from 
Mexico, but was not sure. 

(rg.) It has seemed strange that /schnaspis filiformis was not de- 
scribed until 1887. Dr. V. Carus has kindly transcribed for me the 
description of Mytzlaspis longirostris, Sign., 1882, and on reading it, I can 
hardly believe it is other than Z. f/iformis. 

(20.) Leachia simplex was described as a Monophlebus. Mr. Scudder 


36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








has kindly sent me a drawing of the fossil, and judging from this and the 
description, I would place the insect preferably in Leachia. 
Postscript.—Leachia, Sign., may be altered to PaL@ococcus, as the 
name is preoccupied in Mollusca. I did not make the change in the list, 
as I was not sure whether the Molluscan name was valid, and I hold the 
‘once a synonym, always a synonym” doctrine to the ridiculous. How- 
ever, I have just received the following from Dr. W. H. Dall, to whom I 
had applied for. information :—‘‘ Zeachia Leseuer, = Lodigopsis, Lam., 
but Zeachia, Risso, according to Monterosato, is valid and is the earliest 
name for the group to which it is applied. I should advise changing your 
Coccid Zeachia under the circumstances.” T. D. A. CockERELi 





NOTES ON COLEOPTERA. 
BY C. W. STROMBERG, GALESBURG, ILL. 


There are still a few species of Agrilus in our fauna whose food plant 
is unknown. Any contribution in that direction may, therefore, be of 
interest. It is a genus that seems to be much neglected by collectors, 
owing undoubtedly to the difficulty met with in separating some of the 
species. ‘There are several seemingly difficult ones, however, which are 
stamped with such distinct characters as to make their study exceedingly 
interesting. With Dr. Horn’s valuable paper, ‘‘ The Species of Agrilus of 
Boreal America,” and a well-trained eye, one should be able to get along 
without much assistance. That does not apply to myself, for it was only 
after Mr. Blanchard kindly undertook to help me out that my material 
was properly labelled. 

Agrilus mascudinus, Horn, was taken during July on the common 
box-elder or ash-leaved maple (Negundo aceroides.) This species 
resembles otiosus, but the g has ‘‘ prosternum with a space in front 
densely covered with short erect pubescence.” This patch of hair is of 
a yellowish colour and can be seen distinctly with an ordinary lens if the 
insect is held up sidewise to the light. Once seen it will always be 
recognized. The ¢ is not easily distinguished from ofzosus. 

A. otiosus was beaten from hickory, walnut, butternut and dogwood. 

A. arcuatus, oak, elm and hazel. 

A. fallax, oak, June 12. 

A. obsoletoguttatus, quite common on the red and laurel oaks, June. 

A, Lecontei, not rare on hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), June and July. 
A. impexus occurs on the two locusts (Gleditschia triacanthus and 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. on 





Robinia pseudacacia), July and Aug. 

This sp. resembles fa//ax, but it has antenne serrate from the fifth 
joint, while in /a//ax they are serrate from the fourth. There are other 
well-marked characters for separating them, which are all given in the 
above-mentioned paper. 

Dicerca lepida, Lec., is rare here. It has been beaten from hawthorn, and 
also found hibernating near the trunks of large trees on the ground 
among the leaves. Also found it once under bark on astump, where 
it had spent the winter. 

Pecilonota thureura, Say,, occurs on the black willow hee July and 
Aug., and is not common. 

Cinyra gracilipes, Melsh., is quite common on the burr or moss-cup oak 
(Quercus macrocarpa). 

Chrysobothris asurea, Lec., not common. Beaten from linden. 

Cacoplia pullata, Hald., is not often seen in exchange lists. Two speci- 
mens of this species were beaten from moss-cup oak several years 
ago. 

Zeugophora scutellaris, Suffr., is another which is not offered for ex- 
change. This pretty species occurs on the cottonwood during July 
and Aug., but seems to be rare. 


NOTES UPON LYCAINA EXILIS, BOISDUVAL, WITH DESCRIP- 
TIONS OF SOME OF ITS EARLY STAGES. 


BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. 

On July 24th, 1893, I received a number of pupz of Axz/is, made on 
the road, and three nearly adult larvee (after the last moult), sent me by 
Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, at Las Cruces, New Mexico, and found on flowers 
of Atriplex canescens, of which a plentiful supply was also sent. 

Description of ADULT LaRva.—Length at rest, .26 inch ; in motion, 
.3 inch; very like Z. Comyntas in shape, being long, narrow, abcut 
equally rounded at the two ends, segment 2 turned forward to the 
plane of the underside of the body, and concealing the head; the sides 
at base nearly parallel, a little convex ; the dorsum elevated ; from 3 to 
ro on dorsum is a flattened, sub-triangular tuberculous process to each 
segment, as in many species of the genus; colour light green, with a 
silvery sheen that is caused by innumerable fine, white appressed hairs ; 
the dorsal triangles yellowish, mottled crimson, and there is a crimson 
mid-dorsal line ; on 11 is a dorsal cross-slit, as in Psewdargiolus and 
Comyntas, and no doubt there is a pair of cylindrical membranes with 


38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








tentacles concealed within 12, as in the species mentioned, though I had 
no opportunity to see them active ; head minute, obovoid, dark brown, 
placed on the end of a long, conical neck. 

CurysaLis.—Length, .22 inch, breadth at mesonotum, .06, at abdo- 
men, .og inch ; shape elliptical; the head case rounded and truncated 
somewhat ; the mesonotum slightly prominent, rounded at tip, not cari- 
nated, the sides a little convex, followed by a slight depression ; abdo- 
men somewhat tumid ; colour yellow-white, with a pink tint over the head 
case ; surface sparsely and irregularly dotted black, with two sub-dorsal 
rows of larger dots of same hue from 5 to 12. One pupa from the three 
larvee gave imago 14th August, but as Ihad omitted to note the date of 
pupation, Iam unable in this case to give the duration of the stage. 
But another pupa of those formed in route gave imago 29th July, and 
as it had been mailed on the 22nd, I conclude the stage must endure 
through six or seven days. 

Mr. Cockerell wrote 22nd July :—“ Yesterday, walking to the Agricul- 
tural College, I found a bush with ants running in numbers over the 
twigs. Looking to see what they were after, I came across a larva and 
then another. Presently I saw that the bush was swarming with them, 
only they were so perfectly concealed by their colour that I should not 
have noticed them except for the ants. They (the larvze) were little and 
big and quite exposed to view. On same bush were many Colecpterous 
larvee in their cases, and flying about the bush were many of the Zxi/is 
butterflies.” Some of the ants were sent me with a supply of the flowers, 
and they were tiny creatures. 

In letter of 29th July :—“ Yesterday I saw a female Lxz/is deposit an 
egg ; she thrust it under a flower on the outside. I had to look very 
closely to find it, even after seeing it laid. The egg is circular, seen from 
above, flat, greenish-white.” 

Dr. Boisduval described £xz/is, in 1852, from a female, which he 
says is the only example of the species he has seen ; and speaks of it as 
one of the smallest Lyczenz known. The male is considerably smaller 
than the female, and I think may be the smallest butterfly in the world. 
Notwithstanding its littleness, it flourishes in southern California, Arizona, 


New Mexico, parts of Colorado, Texas, and has even reached Florida. 
Mr. Cockerell wrote me gth December :—‘‘ Avz/zs is still in the imago 
here. I caught one to-day at rest on the stalk of a Solanum. Is it 
possible that they hibernate as butterflies? We have had plenty of frost, 
though no snow as yet.” 


“oe 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 539 








ON SOME AQUATIC LARVA, WITH NOTICE OF 
THEIR PARASITES. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 


During the past summer, while on a visit to the northern portion of 
this State, my attention was attracted to the presence of numerous mud 
cells on the lower surface of stones lying along the bands of the 
Wapsipinicon River. These cells, most of them empty, with one end 
forced off, somewhat resembled the single one with which some of our 
common mud-wasps start their establishment on the ceilings of little-used 
rooms, or on the rafters of outhouses, but very much smaller. The 
largest measure about 12 mm. in length and 8 mm. in breadth, while the 
small ones are only 5 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide. 

After considerable search I finally succeeded in obtaining a curious 
pupa from one of the large cells, quite different from any with which I 
was previously acquainted. A cursory examination showed it to possess 
four eyes, two on each side of the head, the components of each pair 
being connected by a fine black line. This character directed suspicion 
to the probability of its being a Gyrinid, and confirmation was furnished 
by finding the legs, though rather poorly defined, evidently belonging to 
a beetle of that family. It was finally decided to be Déineutes assimitis, 
Aubé, the common large whirligig of our country. A half day of stone- 
turning resulted in the finding of more pupe and several larvze, as well as 
two or three of the soft and helpless freshly-emerged beetles. A number 
of the inhabitanis of the little cells were also found in all three stages, and 
proved to be a Gyrinus, probably picipes, Aubé.* 

Two of the Dineutes pupe were each seen to be accompanied in their 
cells by a little white larva of rather robust form, evidently there with 
intent to do great bodily injury. Bringing them home in their original cells, 
I was able to watch the growth of these little creatures until one trans- 
formed to a pupa, and finally disclosed a beetle, which proved to be a 
species of Brachinus, probably janthinipennis, Dej. However, the 
determination cannot be considered authoritative, because the beetle died 
before attaining its full colours. The larva lies in the cell of its host and 
extracts the juices through an opening made in one of the wing-pads ; the 
maggot-like body is adorned, but not supported, by six very soft and 
short legs, which can be of little service except perhaps as ‘‘feelers” in 





* Detailed descriptions of these larvee, with figures, may be found in Moly Fy, No, 
4, of the Bulletin from the Nat. Hist. Lab. of the State Univ. of Iowa, 


40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





its dark abode. The mouth is filled with a blackish fluid when withdrawn 
from the feeding spot. If gently touched, the head and fore part of the 
body would be raised, as stiffly as consistent with such a soft insect, and 
this posture maintained for some moments. 

The little animals were carefully watched and examined several times 
a day, until finally the larger one, having withdrawn nearly all the juices 
from the pupa and become swollen to an unwieldy size, changed, after a day 
or two of resting, into a pupa—still in the original cell which I had removed 
from a stone and turned upside-down for more convenient examination. 
The smaller one was restless and refused to finish its feeding on the original 
pupa, so, as it had apparently not completed its growth, I tried it with a 
fresh one of Zropisternus glaber, which was immediately accepted as a 
substitute. The first pupa was probably spoiled, either by mould or 
bacterial decomposition, hence the necessity for fresh food in this instance. 
As soon as the larva had completed its growth I consigned it to the 
alcohol bottle for study. 


How the 4rachinus gets into the cell of its host, whether brought as 
a young larva clinging to that of Dineutes, or deposited as an egg by the 
mother, is a mystery to me. When small it is more active than when 
larger grown, and with advanced age becomes gradually more helpless. 
In any case the complete adaptation to a parasitic habit is apparent in 
the whole structure—the soft, juicy body, unprotected by chitinous scutes, 
the weak legs, quite useless for ambulatory purposes, and the lack of 
strong, locomotive bristles. The appearance is almost that of some 
Hymenopteron, not at all resembling the strong raptorial larve of 
Adephaga in general. I cannot believe that the larvee of all cur American 
Brachinus live on Dineutes, but it is quite possible that they feed on the 
helpless pupz of such other Adephaga as frequent the damp spots 
favoured as habitations by these beetles. Perhaps some of the readers of 
the CanaDIAN EnTromo_Locistr may be induced to investigate the matter, 
or to make known the results of study if ‘the investigation be already made. 


While two Dineutes pup were infested as noticed above, another of 
the same species was seen to be the abode of several little maggots, which 
soon changed to smajl black pupze, loose in the cell, without spinning 
cocoons. From these I finally got four specimens of a small Chalcid, 
eleven or twelve days after I first noticed the larvz, which, however, were 
nearly full grown at that time. From Mr. Ashmead, to whom I sent the 
little insects, I hear that they belong to the genus Cyrtogaster, not 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ca AD 








previously recorded (though known) in North America. He has called 
it C. dineutis, and as Mr. Howard, in a recent paper on the biology of the 
Chalcidide*, has remarked that Hymenopterous parasites of aquatic 
insects are excessively rare, I have thought it worth while to give a rather 
detailed account of the circumstances connected with breeding them. 


Two unbroken cells of Gyrinus each contained, besides the remains 
of the pupa, one specimen of a little Ichneumonid belonging to the 
sub-family Tryphoninze, which Mr. Ashmead has described as Gausocen- 
trus gyrinz. One of these was quite fresh and bright, the other had been 
dead long enough to break in handling. I think it extremely unlikely 
that the Gausocentrus will prove to be a hyper-parasite, but of course this 
can only be settled with certainty by further observations on the habits of 
the larva. 


A specimen of the pupa of Zropisternus glaber was given alive to a 
large Carabid larva for food, but not attacked because the larva had just 
fed up. Two or three days later it was seen that the pupa was dead and 
the body infested by maggots, which aftewards produced a species of 
Phora, a Dipterous insect which Dr. Williston (who kindly furnished the 
generic determination) writes me is known to enter pupe either living or 
dead. Ihave no means of ascertaining when or how the eggs were 
deposited on the pupa, or whether it was attacked in this way before or 
after death. 


Besides the two Gyrinidz already mentioned, I found under a stone, 
close to the margin of the river, another larva somewhat resembling them, 
with long abdominal filaments, only one of which was terminal. Not 
being able to see the mouth parts on account of the activity of the living 
specimens, I was unfortunately led to speak of it as probably a Gyrinid 
larva in the paper referred to, chiefly because of the fact that Packard and 
Westwood both figure larvze of this family with large heads. The creature 
lived in a tin box of earth for five weeks, then moulted and died almost 
immediately afterward. An examination of the mouth shows it to be a 
Sialid larva, corresponding closely to Westwood’s figures,; except that 
only one of the mandibles has two teeth, the other being furnished with 
but one, and the outer lobe of the maxilla has a process articulated to the 
inner angle instead of a simple production. 


* Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. XIV. 
+ Modern Class. of Insects, Vol. II., p. 46. 


42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVA OF CERTAIN TENTH- 
REDINID#. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 
(Continued from Vol. XXV., page 248.) 
Monostegia quercus-coccineg, Ni. sp. 

Fggs apparently inserted by a series of thrusts of the ovipositor 
parallel to the midrib of the leaf. The saw cuts under the upper 
epidermis are confluent, forming a long blotch over 1 mm. wide and about 
20 mm. long, running close to the midrib. The larvee feed gregariously,. 
eating the lower epidermis and parenchyma. 

First stage.—Head oval, higher than wide, mouth pointed ; blackish- 
brown, nearly black on vertex, shining ; mouth pale ; width, 0.25 mm. 

Second stage.—Head shining, pale brown, darker around the black 
ocellus, pale around mouth ; jaws dark ; width, 0.4 mm. 

Third stage-—Head oval, yellowish testaceous, shining ; a brownish 
shade across between the black eyes; mouth dark; width, 0.55 mm. 
Body thick through the thoracic segments, slightly flattened, of even 
width posteriorly. Thoracic feet scarcely visible from above, pale. 
Abdominai feet on joints 6-12, joint 13 not touching the leaf in walking, 
but appears to possess a rudimentary pair of feet. Body entirely shiny, 
sticky, translucent whitish, shading into orange-yellow at the front and 
sides of thorax. Alimentary canal appearing by transparency dark green. 

fourth stage. —Head orange-yellowish, transparent ; eye biack ; an- 
tenn projecting before, conical; width, 0.8 mm. Body as before. 
Alimentary canal blackish or green. Dorsal vessel and trachee very 
plainly visible, the latter white, branching into fine ramifications, con- 
nected along the stigmatal line. 

fifth stage.—As before, but the body is very slightly milky, not, how- 
ever, obscuring the internal parts, which are visible. Head, 1.1 mm. in 
width. The dorsal vessel shows plainly, contrasting with the milky- 
whitish body. 

Sixth stage-—Head light-yellowish, eye black ; width, r.1 mm. Body 
shaped as before, but whitish, ot shining, faintly 3-annulate, the internal 
organs obscured. The colour shades into orange (not ocherous-orange as 
before) on the thorax anteriorly and laterally ; the alimentary canal giv- 
ing a purpiish median shade, centered by the darker dorsal vessel. Upon 
arriving at this stage, the larve leave the tree and form little elliptical 
cells in the ground for pupation, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45 





Food-plant.—Black oak (Quercus coccinea). 

Zmago.—Black ; basal, two-thirds of the wings smoky. Head densely 
punctured ; a polished prominence behind the ocelli ; two converging 
ridges in front, between which the lower ocellus lies ; thorax polished. 
End of femora, all of the tibize and tarsi of anterior and middle legs 
white, except the last tarsal joints, which are dusky. Basal two-thirds of 
the posterior tibie and bases of all the tarsal joints white, the 
outer third of tibie and tips of tarsal joints banded with dusky. 
Forewings hyaline along outer margin for a space limited by a line drawn 
from stigma to internal angle, the basal part of wing smoky-blackish ; 
veins and stigma black. Hindwings hyaline, the basal half faintly 
smoky. Expanse of wings, ro mm. ; length of body, 4.5 mm. 

Two 2 2, Woods’ Holl., Mass. 

Strongylogaster pacificus, Macgillivray. 

Head round, pale, sordid whitish with a faint blackish, mottled line 
from above each eye to the vertex ; eye large, round, black ; jaws dark- 
brown ; width, about 1.5 mm. ‘Thoracic feet large, bent outward ; abdo- 
minal ones present on joints 6-12, 13 ; segments 6-annulate. Colour, 
shining, translucent green, with a white subdorsal line running the whole 
length, nearly joining its fellow at the extremities. Spiracles small, black, 
joined by the thread-like white line of the trachew, showing by trans- 
parency. Length, about 20 mm. 

When through eating, the larva becomes reddish and bores a gallery 
in a piece of decayed wood, where it remains till the following spring. 

Food-plant.—Common brake (Pteris aguilina). Larvee common in 
June at Portland, Oregon. 

Monostegia quercus-albe, Norton. 

Larve bred by me on the white oak do not agree with Norton’s 
description. His characterization of the fly, however, seems to fit my 
specimens perfectly. 

Eggs —Deposited in the manner described by Norton ; forming small 
blisters on the underside of the leaf near the tip, separated from each 
other, each about 1.2 mm. in diameter. 

* * * * * * 

Second stage-—Head oval, brown, blackish around the eye ; mouth 
pale ; width, 0.25 mm. 

Third stage.—As in next stage. Width of head, 0.35 mm. 


44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Fourth stage-—Head angularly pyriform in outline, narrowing up- 
ward, widest above the eyes; partly retracted below joint 2; smooth, 
shining black ; width, 0.5 mm. Body very thick through the, thoracic 
segments, more slender posteriorly, then gradually tapering. Thoracic 
feet covered to the dorsal view ; tinged with blackish ; abdominal ones 
present on joints 6-12, 13, the larva resting on them on the surface of the 
leaf. Colour slightly greenish, trarisparent, shining and sticky; alimentary 
canal plainly visible. 

Fifth stage-—Not different. Head brownish-black ; width, 0.7 mm. 

Sixth stage —Head shaped as before, but of a pale whitish-yellow, eye 
black ; width, o.7 mm. Body not shining, scarcely more than trans- 
lucent, of the same yellowish colour as the head, and marked with orange 
on the sides of the enlarged thoracic segments. ‘Two transverse, dorsal, 
watery lines on each joint 5—13, the anterior one short, the other reaching 
the sides. The larve now form a cavity in the earth, lined with a brown 
secretion. 

Nematus coryli, Cresson. 

£ggs.—Laid on the midrib in the manner of Cresus datitarsus, in a 
central incision. 

* * * x * * 

Second stage-—Head black ; width, 0.45 mm. 

Third stage-—Head rounded, shining blackish, mouth a little paler ; 
eye black; width, 0.65 mm. Body shining, annulate, whitish, the ali- 
mentary canal giving a distinct light-green shade. Thoracic feet largely 
black. A row of blackish spots along the sub-ventral ridge ; a pair of 
black, conical, anal projections. Abdominal feet present on joints 
6=11,/13:, No tubercles: 

Fourth stage-—Head round, shining black; width, o.g mm. Body 
shining, coarsely 4—annulate, smooth, with minute sete seen with a lens. 
Colour uniformly slightly olivaceous-green; thoracic feet marked with 
black at base and tip. A series of large olivaceous patches ventrally on 
joints 6—To. 

Fifth stage.-—Head flat before with clypeal dents ; shining black ; 
width, 1.25 mm. Segments shining, 4-annulate, sete with inconspicuous 
concolorous bases. Colour olivaceous-green, shaded with leaden-blackish 
subdorsally and on sub-ventral ridge. Venter blackish, with eversible 
glands as in the mature larva. 

Sixth stage.--Head round with a row of indentations bordering 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45 





clypeus; entirely shining black; width, 1.8 mm. Abdominal feet on joints 
6-11 and 13, with fine ventral eversible glands on joints 6-10, blackish 
and longer than the feet. Body segments coarsely 4-annulate, smooth, 
shining, the tubercles represented by minute dark sete. Colour, honey- 
brown, the dorsal region to the spiracles shaded with plumbeous black. 
Thoracic feet pale, tinged with blackish. Greatly resembles the larva of 
C. latitarsus ; but the colour is a watery umber-brown, the black marks 
leaden. 

Cocoon.—Formed below the ground. Thin, paper-like, shining, black, 
elliptical, 8x3.5 mm. 

The flies emerged the latter part of July. Found on Corylus rostrata 

-at Woods’ Holl., Mass., and Plattsburgh, N. Y. 





FOOD PLANTS OF SOME CALIFORNIAN LEPIDOPTERA. 
BY JOHN B. LEMBERT, JERSEYDALE, MARIPOSA CO., CALIFORNIA. 


I have observed the egg laying of the following species of Lepidoptera 
in the vicinity of the Yosemite Valley, California :— 


Danais archippus.—Oviposits on the tender leaves near the flower 
bud of Gomphocarpus cordifolius. 

Argynnis epithore.—On the underside of the leaves of Viola ocellata. 

Argynnis eglets (Highland variety)—On pine burrs, pine leaves, 
sticks and stones, on the shaded side and as far underneath as is possible 
for the @ to get. 

Argynnts egleis (Lowland variety).—Anywhere on the leaves or stems 
of Carex filifolia, Festuca ovina, Horkelia fusca, Potentilla gracilis, 
Viola canina, etc. 

Melitea chalcedon.—tIn a cluster like a bunch of grapes, from two to 
fifteen or thirty eggs at a time on Castilleta parviflora. 

Chrysophanus cupreus.— Under the leaves and on the side of the stalk 

of Rumex paucifiorus. 

Chrysophanus arota.—On the underside of the leaf of Vaccinium. 

Chrysophanus helloides.—On the seed pods or in the leaf whorls or 
the stems of Oxytheca spergulina and Gayophytum diffusum. 

Chrysophanus editha.—On the underside of the leaf of Horkelia 

Susca. 

Lycena dedalus.—Between the petals and sepals or between the 

sepals and bracts of the flower of Zrifolium monandrum. 


46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Lycena rusticus,—As many as four eggs in succession on the upper 
side of the erect leaves of Dodecatheon meadia var. lancifolium. 

Anthocharis ausonides.—Mostly underneath the leaves of Arabis 
[? sp. ]. 

Colias Behrii.—In the heart of the flower buds or tender leaves of 
Vaccinium cespitosum and Gentiana Newberryii. 

Farnassius smintheus.—On the side or top or hidden out of sight on 
the leaves of Phlox cespitosa, Carex filifolia, Gayophytum diffusum, or on 
pine burrs, sticks and rocks. 

Papilio eurymedon.—Under the leaves of Ceanothus prosteratus. 

Pamphila sabuleti.—At or near the base of the stem of Carex filifolia 
and under the leaves of Z777/olium monandrum. 

Pyrgus cespitalis.—In the centre of the plant, Horkelia fusca. 

Eudamus tityrus.—On the underside of the leaves and on the stalk 
of Hosackia grandifiora. 

Eudamus nevada.—Singly or two beside each other on the leaves or 
stem of Zrifolium monandrum. 

Lepisesia clarkie.—On the underside of the leaves of Clarkia 
rhomboidea and Gayophytum diffusum. 

Flemaris cynoglossum.—On the same. 

Alypia mariposa.—On Clarkia elegans and Godetia Williamsonii. 


Alypia Ridingsit.—On Clarkia rhomboidea and Godetia Williamsonii. 


Oncocnemis exemplarts.—On the underside and top of the leaves of 
Gentiana Newberryit and on the grasses in the shadow of the plant. 


Anarta Kellogit.—On the upperside of the erect, channeled leaves of 
Carex filifolia. 
Plusia californica.—On Trifolium monandrum. 


Plusia Hochenwarthi.—Mostly underneath the leaves of Carex fili- 
Solia, Gentiana Newberryii, Salix, Vaccinium, Axntennaria dioica, 
Mimulus primulariodes, Castelleia Lemmonii and FPentstemon confertus. 


Heliothis dipsaceus.—On Erythrea venusta. 


Pyrausta unifascialis.—On the stems or stalk and on the leaves. A 
sugar-loaf-like egg, which is laid on Sideways, applied near the pointed 
end on Oxytheca spergulina and Gayophytum diffusum. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47 





THE GENERA PIERIS, SCHRK., AND EUCHLOE, HB. 
BY J. W, TUTT, LONDON, ENGLAND. 

In the Ent. Am., 1889, pp. 33-34, is a note by Mr. T. D. A. 
Cockerell, F. Z. S., “On the origin of the genus Anthocharis, Bdv., (= 
Euchloé, Hb.),” and from his remarks on p. 34, it would appear that the 
larva of Pieris protodice and that of Anthocharis ausonides are practically 
identical, Mr. Cockerell’s assumption being based on a letter received 
from Mr. W. H. Edwards. I am not at all certain as to the characters of 
the American species included in Anthocharis, or whether the American 
Anthocharids are co-generic with our species placed in Euchloé, Hb. 
Kirby separates the genera and inciudes our common British species, 
cardamines, in Euchloé, the American species in Anthocharis. I am 
anxious to learn whether our species of Huchloé are co-generic with the 
American species of Anthocharis. 

In spite of the similarity of the larva of Pzerzs to that of Anthocharis 
as mentioned by Mr. Cockerell, an unfailing (I believe) point of distinc- 
tion occurs between Péeris and Euch/oé, the larva of the latter having 
distinctly 7 subsegments to each segment, the larva of Prerzs but 6. But 
a still more constant character exists in the neuration. In /verzs, the 
neuration (Fig. 2) is as follows:— 
coe, 1.¢.—Nervure 3 is absert, as also is 9, 
l, but 8 gives off a small branch at 

apex—8a. fueris brassicae, rape, 
nap, callidice, daphlidice and bellidice 
are identical in this respect. 
But ELuchloé ge Ca 
Fic, 2. has a different 
type (Fig 3). It is as follows :— 

By comparing the diagrams above it 
will be noticed that in Euch/loé, 7 starts on 
8 much nearer the discoidal cell than in Pveris. ; 
8a, is much larger in Auch/oé, and g is an Fig. 3. 
extra nervure in ELuch/oé not found in Pieris ; 10 starts nearer the end of 
the cell in Preris than Euch/oé; whilst 6 is nearer to the base of 7 in 
Pieris. 

Our AZoria is like Pieris, except that 7 starts nearly from the base of 
8 (near the apex of cell), as in Luch/oé, whilst 8a also is arranged as in 
Euchloé ; 9 is absent as in Pieris. 


1z 









48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Leucophasia is a modification of Huchloé, but owing to the atrophy of 
the cell which occupies only a small portion of the basal area of the 
wing, ro and rf, as well as 7, 9 and 8a, all rise from 8. 

I should be exceedingly obliged if any one who has a good, collection 
of the N. American Preride would tell me which of the Pveridi and 
Anthocharidi have neuration of these tyves. 

I do not wish in any way to suggest disagreement with Mr. Cockerell’s 
views, which may or may not be correct, but at the same time I do 
wish to show that the superficia: larval resemblance is unreliable ; and 
I wish also to obtain some information as to which of the American 
Pieridi and Axnthocharidi agree generically with our British Huch/oé and 
Pieris. 

Rayleigh Villa, Westcombe Hill, Blackheath, S. E. 





ADDITIONS TU THE LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA.— 
PART ‘ad: 
BY A. H. KILMAN, RIDGEWAY, ONT. 


As a supplement to my list of additions to Canadian Coleoptera pub- 
lished in Can. Ent., Vol. XXI., I beg to submit the following list of 
species taken since 1889, in Canada, and, as far as I can learn, not 
recorded in any cf the published lists. 
In the identification of species I have been aided by Mr. Ulke and 
Dr. Hamilton. 
(The numbers prefixed are those in Henshaw’s List.) 
264 Clivina rubicunda, Zec. Very rare, on lake shore. 
296 Panagzeus fasciatus, Say. One, on railway, May 23. 
413 Bembidium cautum, Zec. Several, in moss, in early spring. 
433 ‘lachys proximus, Say. Rare, hibernating in moss. 
620 Evarthrus sodalis, Zec. Five, in clay, under moss, February. 
712 Diplochila obtusa, Lec. One, under a log, May. 
739 Badister flavipes, Zec. Rare, hibernating in moss. 
820 Platynus vicinus, G. G #7. One, on lake shore. 
838 " exaratus, Wann. Rare, on Jake shore, in the debris. 
892 Lebia analis, De7. One, found while beating willows at Point 
Abino. 

1119 Harpalus testaceus, Zec. Rare, in pasture field, May. 

1285 Ccelambus punctatus, Say. Several, in a pond, in low woods, 
May. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 49 





1426 


1477 


ee 
1667 


2114 
2337 
2484 
2633 
3753 
3799 


3804 
3872 


4607 
4882 


Agabus stridulator, Szarp. Several, in marsh drain, at Crystal 
Beach, April. 

Hydaticus stagnalis, “ad. Eight, in marsh drain, April. 

Helophorus nitidulus, Zee. One, on lake shore. 

Cercyon nigricolle, Say. Not rare here, in the manure of 
pasture fields, June. 

Quedius ferox, Zec. Very rare, in moss, March. 

Stenus indigens, Casey. Rare, hibernating in moss. 

Cryptobium badium, Grav. Rare, on lake shore, June. 

Tachyporus elegans, Horn. Rare, on fungus, July. 

Cryptarcha strigata, #ad. One, on a stump, June. 

Corticaria dentigera, Zec. Not “common, found by beating 
withered branches, July. ; 

Corticaria deleta, Zann. Not common, got while sifting moss 
in spring. 

Bactridium cavicolle, Horn. Very rare, a pair on maple stump, 
May 16. 

Buprestis fasciata, var. 6—plagiata. Two specimens. 

Podabrus basilaris, var. discoideus, Lec. 
" " var. flavicollis, Zee. 
" " var. punctulatus, Lec. 


The varieties of this species are not rare here. They are found on the 
foliage of pine and other trees in summer. 


5°13 


5594 
5771 
9623 
9612 
5774 


Collops vittatus, Say. A few specimens of a variety in which 
the thoracic spot is obsolete. 
Odontzus obesus, Zee. One, from Vancouver. 
Lachnosterna marginalis, Zec, Not rare. 
" profunda, Bland. Rare. 
" dubia, Syzzth. Common with L. fusca. 
" rugosa, JZe/s. Occasional. 


These species were found along with thousands of specimens of fusca 
and other common kinds gathered on the sands of Lake Erie aftera 
storm in June. 

6550 Orsodacna atra var. tricolor, AZe/s. Rare. 


6553 


6895 


Zeugophora puberula, Cv. Rare, by sweeping low bushes on 
bank of creek. 

Trirhabda convergens, Zec. Nepigon. Sent me by Rey, C. J. S, 
Bethune ; determined by Mr. Ulke. 


50 - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 








6944 (Edionychis 6-maculata, /7/. 
Found this species abundant ‘on one occasidn while sweeping with a 
net in a weedy swamp, July 8. Could not determine what plant. 

7070 Microrhopala porcata, M/e/s. One specimen taken while ‘beating. 

8677 Orchestes niger, Horn. Swept from weeds in June, three years 
in succession. Never found it prior to 1890. W. H. 
Harrington mentions this species among those found ‘at 
Ottawa. 

8956 Euchetes echidna, Zec. Rare, one found on elm. This speci- 
men is in Mr. Reinecke’s collection. 

9213 Eusphyrus Walshii, Zec. Not rare, found on dead basswood. 





A VERY REMARKABLE AND ANOMALOUS SYRPHID, WITH 
PECULIARLY DEVELOPED HIND TARSI. 


BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. 


In a lot of flies sent me from Illinois, by Professor S. A. Forbes, I 
find a most remarkable species, which I am satisfied must be located in 
the Syrphide, thougn the wing shows no sign of the spurious vein, and 
the first posterior cell is open. The third antennal joint bears a terminal 
arista, which character is shared by only two previously known North 
American genera ; but the remarkable character of the fly lies in its hind 
tarsi. These are most abnormaily developed, probably only in the ¢ 
sex, and might well be taken for monstrosities, did they not fully 
correspond with each other. I regard this as a secondary sexual 
character. 

This syrphid will probably demand the erection of a separate tribe for 
its reception, its venation being radically different from both Pedecocera and 
Ceria, the two genera above referred to as possessing a terminal arista. 
The wing and hind tarsus are figured in outline, merely to give a more 
correct idea of the characters of this peculiar fly. On account of its 
elaborately developed hind tarsi, I propose the name Caxorarsa for the 
hew genus. 


CALOTARSA, nov. gen. 


Rather small, cinereous or blackish with yellow bands on abdomen, 
the latter thinly pilose. Eyes contiguous in ¢ for fully 24 distance from . 
ocelli to base of antenne, bare, extending on sides nearly to oval margin. 
Ocelli situated on vertex. Antenne small, all three joints short, the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. D1 





third but little longer than the second, rounded and laterally compressed 
but small, with a delicate, bare, terminal arista which is 2-jointed at 
extreme base. Face bare, wholly dark coloured, not prominent, neither 
carinate, tuberculate, nor hollowed, rather abbreviated below. Thorax 
narrower than head, with a few weak bristles posteriorly and on 
scutellum. Abdomen at base about as wide as thorax, narrowing 
posteriorly. Hypopygium prominent, curved under the abdomen. Wings 
(see fig. 4) longer than abdomen, spurious vein absent, third vein straight 
and not bent into first posterior cell, marginal cell wide open, anterior 
cross-vein far before middle of discal cell and rectangular, first posterior 
cell open, an apical cross-vein springing from fourth vein about as far 
beyond posterior cross-vein as length of latter, this apical cross-vein 
evenly bowed in and leaving the remaining section of fourth vein as a 
stump at its origin. While the apical cross vein greatly narrows the first 





Fig 4. 





Fie 5. 


posterior cell, this stump, or rather this last section of the fourth vein, 
proceeds on to the margin of the wing, thus forming an extra posterior 
cell. Posterior cross-vein nearer to margin of wing (on fifth vein) than 
¥ its length. Anterior and middle metatarsi about as long as remaining 
tarsal joints together. Hind metatarsi (see fig. 5) and two following 
joints equal, widened outwardly, thin and flattened, the metatarsus on its 
outer edge with a long slender cilium or petiole which is winged at its 
base ; the third tarsal joint with a similar cilium, but not winged at base, 
bearing two round, thin and flattened chitinous tips or appendages, one 
at the end, the other on posterior border of cilium a little beyond middle 
and connected with base and inner extent of cilium by a clear thin mem- 
braneous wing ; fourth joint more elongate, its body or inner portion 
more thickened, but furnished outwardly with an enlarged thin and 
flattened wing which is strongly notched on its posterior inner border, 


52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





convexly curved on its outer border, and fully 3 times as long as the 
flattened joint preceding ; fifth joint and claws normal. 


Calotarsa ornatipes, NOV. sp, 6. | 

Eyes cinnamon-brown; face, anterior portion of front, cheeks, 
occiput, and oral region cinereous. Antenna fulvous, arista brownish. 
Thorax cinereous, with four brownish vitte. Scutellum cinereous, 
Abdomen light brownish, all of second, third and fourth segments except 
hind borders dark yellow, the yellow on fourth segment being more of a 
rufous, fifth segment and hypopygium nearly black ; thin pile of abdomen 
yellowish on three anterior segments, darker posteriorly. Front and 
middle legs light fulvous, tarsi hardly darker. Hind legs fulvous, distal 
24 of femora blackish, first three tarsal joints and body of fourth clothed 
with brassy hairs; the winged base of petiole on metatarsus light 
brownish ; the chitinous tips or plates of petiole on third joint, wing of 
fourth joint, and whole of fifth nearly black. Claws and pulvilli a little 
elongate. Wings nearly hyaline, hardly tinged with tawny, the third 
costal cell pale yellowish. MHalteres large, knobs brownish, stalks 
yellowish. 

Length, hardly 6 mm.; of wing, 6 mm. 

Described from a single ¢ specimen. _ Illinois. 





BOOK NOTICES. 





MONOGRAPHIE DES PHYCITINA ET DES GALLERUNH: Par E. L. 

RaGONOT. 

The first volume of M. Ragonot’s long-expected Monograph of the 
Phycitinze and Galleriinee of the World has just appeared, and forms a 
quarto volume of 658 pages, besides 56 pages in the preface and introduc- 
tion, and three plain and twenty coloured plates. 

The first plate is devoted to structural details of the head, palpi and 
antennee, while the next two plates represent the various forms of vena- 
tion. The remaining twenty plates represent from twenty to twenty-five 
species each, with the body and wings of one side, while, in some cases, 
the underside of the wings of the other side is represented. Many 
structural details of the head, palpi and antennz are also exhibited on 
these plates. 

The figures are very accurately and beautifully drawn, and show a 
delicacy and softness rarely seen. An attempt has been made, for the 
first time, as M. Ragonot truly says, to represent the veins in the hind 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53 


wings correctly, and this seems to have been done quite successfully. 
The colouring, however, is not as satisfactory, in some cases, as could 
have been desired. 

The introduction gives a complete history of the sub-family and of 
their structure and classification, and, at the end, a synoptical table of the 
genera of the Phycitini, the first division of the Phycitine. The second 
division (Anerastini) and the Galleriinze will appear in the next volume. 


It will be seen that M. Ragonot does not agree with many English 
and American entomologists in classification, for he regards these insects 
as a sub-family, while many others give them family rank. I must con- 
fess that I have, for a long time, been of M. Ragonot’s opinion, and 
varied from it in Smith’s List of the Lepidoptera only for the sake of 
uniformity, since the plan of that work was determined by others, It 
was a case of ‘“‘ Mohamet and the mountain.” 


The entire work will form two volumes of Romanoff’s magnificent 
Memoirs of the Lepidoptera, and all the species will be figured, so far as 
it is possible to secure specimens, except such as have already been 
figured. American students of the Microlepidoptera, as well as those of 
other countries, owe a debt of gratitude, not only to Mons, Ragonot for 
the excellent manner in which he has done his work, but also to His 
Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Nicolas Mikhailovitch, for affording 
M. Ragonot the opportunity of publishing this beautiful and useful work, 
and of illustrating it so profusely. C. H. FERNALD. 





EvoLutioN AND TaxoNomy: An essay on the application of the theory 
of natural selection in the classification of animals and plants, illus- 
trated by a study of the evolution of the wings of insects and by a 
contribution to the classification of the Lepidoptera, by John Henry 
Comstock, B. S. The Wilder Quarter-Century Book, pp. 37-113. _ 

All scientific entomologists will be gratified at the appearance of this 
paper, which is an attempt to base a classification of the Lepidoptera 
upon the ground of evolution. It is evolution by natural selection, not 
befogged by the questionable action of so-called ‘‘acquired characters.” 

The Lepidoptera are divided into two suborders, the Jugatee and Frenate, 

according to the two essentially different methods of uniting the fore and 

hind wings in flight. 

The primitive venation is supposed to have consisted of six principal 

veins or groups of veins, from which the present ones were derived by a 


54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





process of specialization in adaptation to new conditions of life. A nomen- 
clature is adopted for these veins, following Redtenbacher, which is to be 
applicable to all insects, taking account of the veins developed in certain 
families between radius (sub-costal) and media (discal), and between 
media and cubitus (median). These the author believes to be of second- 
ary origin. The paper is illustrated by 33 figures of venation and three 
plates. 
It is a valuable contribution to American entomology, and should be 
carefully read by all who wish to see a scientific classification take the 
place of the misty divisions heretofore in use in Lepidopterology. 
Harrison G. Dyar. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


PAPILIO CRESPHONTES. 
On the 17th of October I found near London a colony of larve 
of this butterfly, from one nearly full fed to half-a-dozen little ones about 
half an inch long. J. Atston Morrat, London, Ont. 








ON TRIANA. 

The generic term Z7zena is used by Hiibner (see my list, Can. Enr., 
Xvii., 95, of the North Am. Dagger Moths) for a genus of (Voctuide. 
Consequently, the Thysanurid genus (Can. ENT., xxv., 318) must be re- 
named, and may be called Macgillivraya, with Z. miradilis, Tullb., as 
type. A. R. Grote, A.M. 





EUDRYAS CYPRIS. . 
I would add to my description of this South American species in the 
Dec. No. of the CaNnapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, that the point in which it 
agrees with grata is the deep, outward, even sweep of the pale median 
field of primaries. In wzzo, the uneven outer margin of the median field 
is nearly perpendicular from within apices on costa to above internal 
angle. Cyfris differs from grata by the darker marginal band being 
continued inwardly from apices along costa, as also by the absence of the 
prominent dark costal stripe from base outwardly. The darker, creamy 
and olivaceous or ochraceous median field of primaries, as well as the red 
unbanded hindwings and undersurface, are quick characters by which 
Cypris may be distinguished from either of its alles. A. R. GRorTE. 


Mailed February 3rd. 


Che ol — 


' 








VOL. XXVL LONDON, MARCH, 1894. No! 3, 











BAS); ‘BY? HENRY |e EWES LL. $., Fo Z Seb REST 
DENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
OF LONDON, AND JAMES EDWARDS, 

KE. S.,”, TRANS. ENT. SOC, 

LOND.; 1893, PART IV. 

(DEC.). 

BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. 


Mr. Elwes has again favoured us with one of his periodical Revisions 
of Genera, the last of which, relating to Argynnis, was reviewed by me 
in the Can. Ent., XXII, p. 81, 1890. 

It is stated that Mr. James Edwards is responsible for the matter of 
what are called ‘‘clasps” of the male, meaning the claspers of other 
authors ; and these parts of the whole body of abdominal appendages 
are the only ones treated of, or relied on. He has also given a compara- 
tive table at the end, based partly on the facies, and partly on the 
claspers. A plate of these last is appended. On p. 458 is a statement 
of “the types of clasp-form ” found in the genus: ‘fin Vorua and Jutta 
there ts an unusual amount of vuriation, but the differences are merely 
those of degree, and are not, in the most extreme. cases, sufficient to 
obscure the relationship of the species.” Of like types of the ‘clasp- 
form ” are :—— 

1. Chryxus, Bore, Taygete. 

2. Urda, Uhleri. 3. Foreign all. 

4. Semidea, Jutta, Fulla. . 

5. Subhyalina (which, according to Elwes, is vo, Boisd., and 
Crambis, Freyer), Brucet, Norna. , 

It strikes me that it is rather odd, if claspers are tests of affinity or 
separateness, that Chryxus and Sore should fall together; or Semidea 
and Jutta; or 4no and Worna; in each case the two species named 


56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








belonging to different sub-groups. Avmuce/ as a species was pronounced 
by Dr. Staudinger originally to be a form cf Gore. Turning to the plate, 
it appears that the claspers of Vorza and what is called “ Semidea, Colo- 
rado form,” (and which is 40, Bdv.) are sufficiently alike to be one 
species, though widely separated by the facies, and Semidea of the White 
Mts. is farther from 470 than from Vorva, though the first two are of 
one sub-group. .The truth is that claspers, or the whole body of abdom- 
inal appendages, are unreliable for determining what are species. Mr. 
Scudder unwittingly gave the coup de grace to that fad, when he said, p. 
329, Butt., N. E., of Grapta /nterrogationis, that ‘“‘ the two forms of this 
species, Habricii and Umbrosa, differ so greatly and so constantly from 
each other, not only in the colouring, but in the form of the wings, and 
even in the abdominal appendages, that they have been considered as dis- 
tinct species.” ‘That is, if they had not by breeding from the egg been 
proved to be one species, they would be considered as two! But in Mr. 
Scudder’s plates, which are a marvel of drawing, and are of undoubted 
accuracy, several species of Argynnis have one style of organs ; so several 
Graptas ; several Phyciodes, several Theclas, several Limenitis, several 
Colias, etc. ; differing between themselves in each case not more than the 
individuals of any one species would doubtless differ. We read even in 
this Revision under view that in orna and in /u¢ta there is an unusual 
amount of individual variation in the claspers. Of course there is such 
variation everywhere. In every part of the organization of every species 
there is individual variation. I have before gone into this subject pretty 
fully, in the Can. Enr., XXIII, p. 55, and need not say more here, 
Though I may as welladd that by Mr. Scudder’s plates the allied groups 
do not always show the same style of organs, thus: Grapta Progne can- 
not be distinguished from Grapta Comma, though they belong to different 
sub-groups, while Grapta /aunus differs conspicuously from Comma, 
though these two belong to one and the same sub-group. Twenty years 
ago, before the larvz of these species had been reared, Dr. Staudinger 
and others, judging by the facies, insisted that Haunus and Comma and 
Grapta Satyrus were nothing but one species. See Butt. N. A., Vol. L, 
Note to G. Comma text. And this, by the way, is a good illustration of 
the unreliability of facies alone for determining species which are closely 
allied. In my opinion, after reading what has been published by Mr. 
Scudder on the genitalia, and carefully going over his beautiful plates, I 
deny that claspers and all the organs together are valuable for the pur- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57 





poses claimed. They may be of aid in case of families and genera ; but 
are unreliable, and therefore valueless in case of species. 

We now come to the list of species, p. 460. I shall speak only of 
the North American species, for I have no acquaintance with others, ex- 
cept such as specimens of the butterflies in my collection afford, and in 
several cases J have never seen the species. Under Vevadensis, Felder, 
are ranged Gigas, Butler, Californica, Bdvl., and Zduna, Edw. ‘“ After 
comparing very numerous specimens in my own and other collections, 
from California, Oregon, Washington and Vancouver Island, of which 
the last was sent me by Mr, Fletcher as Gigas, I cannot allow that the 
differences relied on by Mr. W. H. Edwards between these Californica 
and /duna are of any weight, and I have no hesitation in uniting these 
four supposed forms. The habitat of THIS SPECIES is peculiar. I have 
TAKEN IT in Oregon, at about 2,000 feet, flying 7x stony or rocky pine 
woods, where there was not much undergrowth. Iv occurs as high as 7,000 
Feet, on Mt. Hood, in the same State, according to Morrison, and is com- 
mon in the pine forests of Mendocino County, California.” That is 
as good a sample of the illumination of this author as I could select. He 
has become possessed of, or has seen numerous specimens of THIS species, 
(one, or at most a trifling number, was sent him as Gigas), and under- 
takes to decide off-hand that all these forms are one species, and that IT 
flies in Vancouver Island, Mendocino and Oregon. Mr. W. G. Wright 
has taken Gizgas on Vancouver Island two seasons ; has taken /duma at 
Mendocino two, if not three, seasons ; and Californica in Washington. 
He is positive that they are three distinct species, from their habits of 
flight, and his observations on their behaviour in natural state; and from 
the character of the regions they constantly inhabit. Mr. Fletcher, who 
has taken Gzgas in Vancouver, has written me since he has seen this Re- 
vision :—‘‘I don’t agree with him that Vevadensis is the same as Cadi- 
fornica and Gigas at all. All three are to my mind quite distinct, in the 
males at any rate.” ; 

I, myself, have never seen one of these species alive, but I have bred 
two of them from egg to adult larva, namely, /duna and Caltfornica, in 
both cases the larve reaching the adult stage the same season, but dying 
before pupation ; and twice I have reared larve of Gigas to the second 
moult, when they allhibernated. In fact, I have, or ought to have, larvz of 
Gigas alive to-day. Aid from these stages, and the behaviour of the larve, 
I am certain there are three species. As Mr. Elwes speaks of the “ differ- 


58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











ences relied on by Mr. Edwards,” he refers to my plates and text in 
Vol. 2, B. N. A., 1875 ; and I should here say that when those plates 
were published, my information as to all these forms was very meagre, 
and very few examples were in collections. As to Gigas, I had never 
seen the male, and the only one known to be in any collection was the 
type specimen in the British Museum. So my figure was given from a 
drawing made for the purpose at the Museum, and it was badly coloured, 
and inadequately represented the under side of the hind wing, which in 
this genus is usually the most characteristic part of the insect. As to the 
female, it was copied from the best of three poor examples which I had 
from Mr. Crotch, and these were the only examples of the species in 
American collections. The figures of Ca/ifornica and /duna are well 
done. I intend before Vol. 3 closes to re-figure Gigas, and to give all the 
stages I may then be able to ; and ali the stages of the other two except 
the pupe. As to Vevadensis, it is not a fourth species, though I let it 
stand alone, not knowing to which of the three it was intended to apply. 
It was impossible to decide from the very poor figure or the description. 
I rather thought it was meant to represent Ca/ifornica, but Dr. Holland 
is confident that it was intended for Gigas. If this is so, apparently the 
name of the Vancouver species should be Vevadensis, as the catalogues 
date it 1867, whereas Gigas dates 1868. But Mr. Butler has informed 
me that Felder antedated by one year his species. It was really not pub- 
lished and on sale till 1868, and subsequent to the issue of the Cat. of 
Satyr., which figured and described Gigas, and so Gigas would have 
priority. A vast deal has been learned respecting these species since 
1875, and they are now by no means uncommon in collections. 

That Mr. Elwes is sometimes willing to allow that habitat and habits 
of flight are a factor in determining species, as well as distinct geographi- 
cal ranges, appears in what he says of /vaZ/da, on p. 469 :—‘“ I was in- 
clined to think /va//da was a pale form of this (/Ciryxus), as I could not 
see any distinction but that of colour. Prof. Owen, however, who has 
taken both, assures me that the habitat and flight of the two differ ; and, 
as the geographical range of /va//da, which, so far as we know, is confined 
to the Sierra Nevada, in Placer County, California, and about Lake 
Tahoe. is quite distinct from that of Czryxus, which is not known to 
occur in the Rockies in the U.S., 7¢ may probably be looked on as a con- 
stantly distinct species.” ‘This is really sensible and to the point. Mr. 
Bruce had written me from Colorado, last summer, after spending a day 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59 








on the peaks with Mr. Elwes :—“ In Zya//da, as a species, he utterly dis- 
believes, though Mr. Owen said there was a vast deal of difference be- 
tween the habits of it and Czryxus.” Mr. Elwes afterwards visited Pro- 
fessor Owen, and it appears yielded his prepossessions. But why does 
not a difference in habits and flight and geographical range in the three 
species before spoken of indicate differences which are specific, as well 
as in /vallda and Chryxus ? 

On page 466, our author thinks that in the absence of any confirma- 
tion of Mr. Fletcher’s statement that “a single female of JZacounii was 
taken at Morley, Alberta, he is inclined to think this female must have 
been MWevadensis””—which is the first time I have heard that a statement 
of Mr. Fletcher’s needed confirmation by another witness. ‘ But 
our entomological knowledge of the vast tract of prairie and 
forest north and west of Lake Superior is so trifling that 
Ihave little doubt that it (Aacouniz) will be discovered  else- 
where.” In the Revision of Argynnis, this author laid it down as a 
proposition that North America was now so thoroughly explored 
that no more new species of Argynnis need be expected to appear. Since 
the publication of which I have described six new species of Argynnis, 
three of them as pronounced as AfZossa, Alberta and Victoria. It is un- 
safe to prophecy. 

Under Ufleri is put Varuna as identical. “It is impossible to 
separate the two forms,” p. 472. Varuna is a plains species, in Dakota, 
according to Wiley, living on the “bad lands,” and on rolling and plateau 
prairie, which is covered with grass and sage-bush, the elevation about 
2,000 feet. Morrison took it in Dakota also, elevation 1,200 feet. Mr. 
Wright took it in Montana, on the foot-hills of the low, isolated moun- 
tains, considerably to the East of the Rockies. He says: “I have never 
seen it flying west of the Missouri River, nor on any of the spurs of the 
chief Rocky Mts. It flies only on the lower slopes, say at z,000 feet or so 
above the level lands.” Mr. Elwes says, that in the Rocky Mts. of 
Alberta it goes up 4.000 feet, at Kananaskis, which would be equivalent 
to upwards of 5,000 in Colorado; but that he has taken UA/eri in the 
Rockies at 9,000-10,000 feet, and in Yellowstone Park at 7,000. Mr. 
Bruce says UAderi is taken at from 5,500 to 10,000 feet, in Colorado. 
One and the same species of Chionobas does not fly on low grassy plains 
and on alpine peaks. The differences in the facies of the imago are 
patent enough to an experienced eye. Undoubtedly they are two 


60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





species. I have treated sufficiently of this matter in Part 12, Vol. IIL, 
B. N. A. The case is parallel to that of Caryxus and Jvallda, allowed 
by the author to be two species. But, if Varuna cannot be separated 
from Uy’/eri, how can the author be sure that the Kananaskis examples 
at 4,000 feet (5,000+0f Colorado), were not Ufleri? It is altogether 
probable they were. On p. 467, anew species called A/berta is described, 
from Calgary. It is a curious thing that this 4/berfa is put between 47/0 
and Chryxus, though it is said to ‘“‘bear the greatest superficial resemblance 
to Zaygete.” Now, on comparing the description of AZberta with the plate 
and description of Varuna, in B. N. A, Vol IIL, these two cannot be dis- 
tinguished from each other. Mr. Fletcher tells me he sent me an example 
of this Alberta a year ago, and I returned it labelled Varuna. Really 
this is too too! Why then all this jumble about three other non-allied 
species ? 

Mr. Elwes does not think that Semzdea is found in Labrador ; at least 
he has seen no specimens from that quarter. Here I am pleased to say 
that I agree with him, as I have never seen a Semidea from Labrador. 
But he has no doubt that a specimen in Mr. Lyman’s collection from 
Hudson’s Strait is Semédea. Similarly I have a single example, a female, 
taken at Fort Chimo, Hudson’s Strait, that I consider to be Semidea. 
The species will be fully illustrated in Pt. 15, B. N. A., Vol. 3, soon to 
issue. What Moschler distributed as Semidea, from Labrador, was 410, 
Boisd., and -4/vo is the species taken on the peaks of Colorado. Assim- 
ilis is a variety of #0, taken in both localities. It is without a band on 
under hind wings, or almost none. I have treated fully of these forms in 
Part 14. Mr. Elwes continues, p. 473: ‘ All authors who have yet 
examined specimens of the form occurring in Colorado seem to agree in 
identifying them with the typical White Mountains Semdea, but, on com- 
paring a series of five pairs from each locality, I can certainly pick out the 
Colorado specimens by the following.characters,” etc., etc. ; closing thus : 
‘‘T certainly think there is good ground for looking on it as an incipient 
species.” It is identical with Labrador xo beyond a doubt. 

This brings us to Subhyalina, Curtis, p. 475 :—‘ I have had more 
difficulty in dealing with the synonymy of this species than any other, 
but, after having compared the unique type of Subhylina, Curtis, in 
Guenee’s collection, kindly lent me by Mr. Oberthur, the figure of Cram- 
bis, given by Freyer, the type of Assimilis, in the British Museum, and 
several other specimens in the British Museum from various parts of Arc- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 





tic America, as well as from Hudson’s Straits, I have come to the conciusion 
that it is impossible to distinguish more than one species. Jf zs true that 
the variations in size, colour and distinctness of the band on the hind wing 
below are great, but not greater, or even so great, as that found insome other 
species I have already dealt with,” and so on; “this opinion is confirmed 
by Mr. J. Edwards’s examination of the clasps of some of the specimens 
differing most remarkably in appearance, including the type of Subhya- 
Zina, 1n which, fortunately, a critical examination is possible without 
dissection.” I assert that the author here is totally wrong, and that he 
has mixed up two, if not three species, and I deny that the example 
in the Oberthur collection is the type of Swdhylina, Curtis. Curtis 
described a single male, no other example taken, which, he says, he 
thought at first sight was an old and faded specimen of Hipparchia Rosszz, 
just before described. But, on examination, ‘‘it proved to be in good con- 
dition.” He says it is black and the wings are semi-transparent,and the name 
Subhyalina implies that it is nearly transparent. Hyaline, in the diction- 
ary,is given as glassy, transparent. Now, Cramdéis is a comparatively opaque 
species, and no more hyaline than are the leathern wings of a bat. 40, 
Boisd,is somewhat translucent,aboutas much so as Semidea,not transparent, 
like C. Brucet, which is a sub-hyaline species. Neither of these has the 
peculiar appearance which led Curtis to think it old and worn. Cramdis 
is dark brown, xo is brown, varying from livid to yellow-brown.  Bois- 
duval, Icones, p. 195, describes the color as ‘‘un gris-brunatre-livide 
melé de jaunatre.” Assimidis, as I have said, is an unbanded form of 
fino, and was described by Mr. Butler in his Catalogue of Satyride. I 
sent two examples, one quite unbanded, the other partly, to Mr. Butler, 
and he pronounced them his Assimi/is “undoubtedly.” It is found 
wherever Zo flies, and copulates with “zo. Subhyalina was taken in 
1830, described in 1835. In course of sixty odd years the chances are 
against the survival of any particular cabinet insect. It has a hundred 
enemies, beside the possibility of accident. It is not an unknown thing 
for the owner of a collection of insects, when a type is destroyed, to 
attach the label to another example that seems near, or pretty near, the 
original. He knows of the accident, and of the shifting of the label, and 
would explain it if circumstances rendered it necessary. But he dies, and 
his collections pass to another hand, and no one notices the discrepancy 
between the description and the supposed type. It is the rule that when - 
description and type are found to be antagonistic, the latter must be ig- 


62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





nored, and the description alone is the guide. We may be very sure 
that Curtis never described a brown, semi‘opaque, or a yellow-brown semi- 
translucent insect as sub-hyaline ; nor would he have given the name of 
black to those very different hues; nor would brown and _ yellow- 
brown insects have shown the worn and faded appearance of which he 
speaks, and yet have been said by him to be ‘tin good condition.” To 
reduce Crambis or Aino to a worn and faded appearance, a pretty 
complete abrasion of the wing-scales would have been required. It is 
impossible that the Oberthur insect should be the type described by 
Curtis. Moreover, Boisduval described Gino in 1832, and if it and 
Subhyalina, Curtis, were the same species, Zio would have the priority. 
The history of this Oberthur specimen is this: after Curtis’s death, Mr. 
Henry Doubleday purchased the types of Curtis’s Arctic butterflies, and 
gave them as a present to M. Guenee. And my informant adds, “I 
think it quite possible that the label may have been displaced. It is even 
possible that Curtis did not label his types, and that Doubleday may 
have done the work after Curtis’s death, and done it incorrectly. At any 
rate, if the supposed type does not answer to the description, it is tolerably 
certain that the type label cannot belong to it. M. Guenee hardly touched 
the diurnal Lepidoptera, he was essentially a student of the Heterocera. 
You ask, Why was not the type in this case placed in the British Museum ? 
Probably Doubleday did not attach the importance to type specimens 
which we do now-a-days.” 


I will quote here a few lines from a well-known paper of twenty years 
ago, by the lamented W. Arnold Lewis, entitled ‘‘ A Discussion of the 
Law of Priority,” 1872. On p. 23: “‘ Now, let us see what real assist- 
ance in the way of achieving certainty entomologists can obtain from 
inspection of type-specimens. He who examines an author’s types may 
find them just as the author placed them, and bearing his labels. On 
the other hand, he may find them sorted and re-arranged, without labels 
or fresh ones. 3 * * He may find the author’s labels 
affixed to species for which they were not meant. Dr. Staudinger says : 
‘It happens that authors after having created species afterwards mix up 
in their collections, together with the originals, species which are very 
near to them,’ and Mr. Dawson says: ‘Suppose Stephens’s collection, 
instead of coming to us direct from the hands of its compiler and owner, 
three years ago, had become antiquated, like the Linnean ; or suppose the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 





question of the types to be discussed some 60 or 70 years hence, with no 
more definite knowledge on the subject to assist the inquirer than 
the Stephensian types and the Stephensian descriptions would supply ; 
might it not be argued that the types (in the cases under discus- 
sion) must be ignored, as they never could have been intended to 
represent the true Loppa pulicaria, Steph., because they are antagonistic 
to the description ?” 


Again, quoting Dawson: “Dr. Schaum invariably refers to the 
Stephensian types; my references are frequently given to Stephens’s 
works, irrespective of the types. Now we are well aware that these do 
not always correspond, but that, on the contrary, considerable difference 
is often to be found between them. 4 


‘Before the Linnean collection was placed in its present quarters, it 
was so maltreated by additions, destructions and displacemeut of labels, 
as to render it a matter of regret that it now exists at all.” 


I must express my astonishment that the author of this Revision 
should have undertaken to overturn the work of two generations of 
entomologists, and to mix up several species as one by reference to a 
single type insect, taken 64 years ago, represented, as he should at once 
have seen, by a bogus specimen ! 


The description of Curtis, on which, is our sole reliance, applies 
closely and almost exactly to the species taken at Laggan, and to which 
Mr. Elwes gives the name of ABeanzz. It is sub-hyaline, as much and 
perhaps more so than C. Brucei. It is pale black, and it has the 
faded and worn appearance mentioned by Curtis, particularly so by its 
clouded and smoky underside. ‘The other markings agree well with his 
description. I described this species as Subhyalina, Curtis, in Can. 
Ent., XXV., p. 137, 1893, and in Part 15, Vol. 3, B. N. A., it will be 
fully illustrated. The reading of this so-called Revision convinces me 
that I was and am right. 


In Part XIV. I gave the series of the American species thus: 1 
Crambis ; 2 Brucei; 3 Ano, and its var. Assimilis: 4 Semidea; 5 Sub- 
hyalina; rejecting Adso as not American, and I hold to this to-day, 


64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





On p. 459, Chionobas Stretchiz, Edw., is excluded from consideration, 
on the ground that it is the same thing as Hipparchia Ridingsii, “of the 
same author.” As the fact that S¢vefchiz was not a Chionobas has been 
known for many years, and published in my catalogues, it was not neces- 
sarv to refer to it in the Revision. But I will take this opportunity to 
say tbat the types, a single pair, have disappeared. They were returned 
by me to Dr. Behr, after description, 1870. I did not consider them: 
Ridingsii then, of course. Now, on comparing the description with that 
species, I am sure it is not Rzdingsiz. Nor is it Dionysius, the other of 
the known American species of Neominois. Mr. Bruce has suggested 
that it may be a third species of the genus, inhabiting Nevada (whence 
the types came) and the deserts of N. E. California, a region thus far 
wholly unexplored by naturalists. Mr, W. G. Wright goes there with a 
party of botanists and ornithologists the coming summer, and I trust he 
will re-discover Stretchzz. 

The value of publications of the class of the Revision under view 
depends much on whether or no the author is thoroughly acquainted with 
his subject, and such acquaintance implies considerable experience as a 
lepidopterist, and study of the forms he undertakes to speak of. He 
should have an eye for specific differences, and while this comes in part 
by training, it is largely a natural gift. Some lively workers go all their 
days without having this originally or attaining it. He should have made 
himself acquainted with the preparatory stages of as many of the species 
treated of as possible, for there never will be a final, authoritative revision of 
any genus of butterflies whatever till these stages in every species of it are 
known. Species areas clearly distinguished by the formandsculpture of their 
eggs, by the forms and appendages of the caterpillars, and by the peculi- 
arities of the pupe, as by the facies of the imago. No man can speak 
with authority who relies simply on the facies of the imago. This feature 
has been the occasion of the endless and irreconcilable differences that 
prevail in nearly all genera up to this day, To proceed further in the 
same direction is plainly a waste of time. It is a case of the blind lead- 
ing the blind to undertake to bring order out of the confessed confusion 
by appealing to facies. Add to the qualifications I have enumerated an 
acquaintance with the behaviour, habits of flight, and localities of the 
species, either from personal observation or reliable reports of thoroughly 
good observers. When an author has this equipment he may with good 
reason undertake to revise genera, and his decision will be respected. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 





PREPARATORY STAGES OF LAPHYGMA FLAVIMACULATA, 
HARV., AND OTHER NOTEs. 


BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 


Laphygma flavimaculata, Harvey. 

Determined by Prof. J. B. Smith. Eggs of this species occurred to me 
in the Hawaiian Islands at Kaawaloa, Kona, Hawaii and at Honolulu, 
Oahu. 

Egg.—Nearly spherical, flattened at base, densely striated vertically ; 
of a flesh-coloured tint, and covered with gray down ; diameter, 0.6 mm. 
Deposited in a large mass on a grass stcm. 

First stage.—Head rounded, slightly bilobed, shining black, labrum 
whitish ; width, o.3 mm. Body small, the feet perfectly normal, the 
thoracic ones black, the others whitish like the body. Warts arranged 
much as in Arctia, concolorous with the body, inconspicuous, each with 
a single stiff black hair. Larva walks rapidly, with a slightly geometri- 
form motion. 

Second stage.-—Head shining blackish-brown, much paler in front 
over the clypeus and mouth ; width 0.55, mm. Body enlarged at joint 
12; bluish green, the tubercles distinct, black, each with a black seta. 
Dorsal, subdorsal and lateral whitish lines, distinct, even ; subventral 
space whitish, but with no distinct line. Feet normal, all pale, the thoracic 
ones slightly testaceous. Cervical shield largely shaded with black or 
brown. 

Third stage.—Head dark brown, nearly black, shining ; a paler stripe 
over the ocelli ; a few hairs; width, o.8 mm. Body blackish-green; dis- 
tinct dorsal, subdorsal and lateral pale green lines, the lateral one narrower 
than the others. Subventral space and venter pale, defined above by a 
pale green subventral band, which contrasts with the dark colour of the 
dorsum, but is only a shade lighter than the venter. Piliferous dots 
black, distinct, each with a minute black seta. 

Fourth stage-—Head entirely black ; width, 1.2 mm. _ Body velvety 
black, green centrally on the venter, with very narrow, broken, double 
dorsal, single subdorsal and lateral, and broad, greenish-white subventral 
lines, the latter not reaching to the last segment. Sete short, black, the 
dots no longer distinguishable. Feet pale green, tipped with blackish. 
Spiracles white. The larva curls spirally when at rest. 

Fifth stage-—Head shining black, a little mottled with pale brown on 
the sides ; width, 1.8 mm. Body deep sooty black ; the space between 


66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











the two narrow dorsal lines is paler, giving the appearance of a broad, 
pale band with defined edges ; subdorsal line triplicate, narrow, faint ; 
lateral line single, more distinct than the others ; subventral one not 
broad, but distinct, yellowish with a green shade centrally. Spiracles 
white. Venter pale green ; feet pale, all tinged with testaceous. 

Sixth stage-—Head rounded, shining black, the sutures of clypeus 
and antennz white. A pale brown, mottled lateral band. Width, 2.7 
mm. Body sooty black to the venter, which is pale whitish, tinged with 
red, the subventral region less deeply black than the dorsal. On joint 2, 
a distinct, narrow, white dorsal and subdorsal line, the dorsal absent on 
the rest of the body. A super-stigmatal, fine, white line, with a series of 
five very narrow, faint lines above it bluish-white, and broken minutely 
into dots. Above these two more lines, further apart than the five are 
from each other, more distinct and continuous. The upper one of these 
lines joins the subdorsal. line on joint 2, but is much narrower than it is. 
Spiracles white. Subventral line broad, its edges irregular ; pale yellow 
with a central dull greenish or reddish shade. Subventral space mottled 
with yellowish. Feet pale, greenish outwardly and tipped with reddish. 
Sete present, short, dark. As the stage advances, the dorsal line appears, 
resembling a shining black band against the sooty black ground colour. 
Subventral space blackish, densely mottled with round, pale spots. 

At end of this stage the larve enter ground. 

Pupa.—Of normal shape ; cremaster of two separate, rather distinct, 
slender points, directed backward. Colour uniformly light brown. 
Length, 13 mm. ; width, 4 mm. 

Food plants.—Grasses. 

Tentocampa pacifica, Harvey. 

Four stages observed (full number, six ?) with the following widths of 

head :—1.1 mm., 1.5 mm., 2.[2] mm., 3.2 mm. 


Mature larva.—-Head whitish-green with a few black piliferous dots. 
Body enlarged at joint 12 ; feet normal in all the stages observed. Body 
green, speckled with white ; piliferous dots small, black. Narrow dorsal, 
faint subdorsal, stigmatal and faint subventral white lines, the upper two 
connected on joint 12 by a broad white band on the hump. The 
stigmatal line passes on to the anal feet. A white line on anterior edge of 
cervical shield. Another larva, probably the same, had its head brown- 
ish-testaceous, mottled with whitish, clypeus whitish, with a large black 
shade on each side. Body velvety brown, darker on the anterior portion 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 








on the segments and minutely mottled with pale. A very broad, dis- 
tinct, white stigmatal line, enclosing the black spiracles and shaded 
faintly on each segment with pink and yellow, passing very narrowly 
on to anal foot. On joint 12, on the anterior part of the hump, a dark 
brown subdorsal shade, defined on its posterior side, diffuse before. 
There are traces of dorsal, subdorsal and lateral whitish lines. Found 
on maple and wild cherry. 

Larve from Yosemite, California. 

Forms a firm cell in the ground without silk. 

Xylina oregonensis, Harvey. 

Head moderately bilobed, smooth, shining green, mottled obscurely 
with yellowish-green ; mouth parts pale, whitish; jaws dark; ocelli 
brown ; width, 3.7 mm. Joint r2 not enlarged ; joint 13 small. Lustre- 
less yellowish-green, closely covered with little, short, irregular yellow 
lines, resembling mottlings. Narrow, broken, almost dotted dorsal, sub- 
dorsal and stigmatal lines, the latter passing obscurely on to anal foot. 
Lines of equal width and much resembling the mottlings. Spiracles 
small, white with narrow black edge. Piliferous dots distinct, white, 
each with a single, short, pale seta. Tips of abdominal feet pale. Later 
in the stage the markings become more distinct, the stigmatal line pale 
yellow, spotted with red. 

Food plant.—Oak ( Quercus Kelloggiz ). 

Determined by Prof. Smith from two crippled specimens. 

Xylomiges perlubens, Grote. 

£gg.—Spheroidal, flattened, closely reticulated, the depressions between 
forming vertical rows, at the micropyle forming a radiating circular row 
of smaller cells. There are about 40 rows around the egg. Colour, sordid, 
pearly white, not shining ; diameter 0.7 mm. Laid in a mass, two layers 
deep, on the back of a leaf. 

First stage.—Head pale testaceous, shining ; mouth brownish, eyes , 
black ; width, 0.3 mm. Body pale whitish, subtranslucent, with large 
black piliferous dots. Only the last three pairs of abdominal feet are 
distinct, and the larve ‘ loop” about very actively. 

Second stage.-—Head pale whitish testaceous, densely spotted with 
black ; mouth brown ; width, o.5 mm. Body pale, soft green, joint 12 en- 
larged, the two anterior pair of abdominal feet smaller than the rest. 
Piliferous dots large, black. A broad, evident, white stigmatal line, 
besides narrower dorsal, subdorsal and lateral ones. Sets black. 


68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Lhird stage —Head pale white, with large, black, piliferous spots ; 
width, about 0.9 mm. Body blackish green. Lines white, the stigmatal 
a little greenish centrally. Piliferous spots large, black, faintly. encircled 
with white. 

_ Fourth stage.-—As before. Width of head, 1.2-1.4 mm. A broad, dull 
red band appears in the centre of the stigmatal band. 

Fifth stage-—Head shining pale whitish, reticulated with Senate and 
bearing a number ot large, black piliferous spots ; ocelli black ; a blackish 
streak at vertex of each lobe ; width 1.9 mm. Body dull green, heavily 
mottled with black, especially at the sides, where it is nearly entirely 
velvety black. Dorsal and subdorsal lines narrow, white ; stigmatal line 
sordid reddish, bordered above and below by white.  Piliferous dots 
black, with white centres. Feet pale. 

Sixth stage.—Head pale whitish, with a tinge of green, a patch of 
brown reticulations on each lobe, bordered’above and below by a broad, 
dark brown streak ; a number of large, black piliferous dots ; width 2.8 
mm. Body enlarged slightly at joint 12, feet normal, joint 13 divided by 
a'distinct suture. Colour blackish-green, consisting of black reticulations 
on a greenish ground. A narrow, black-edged, white dorsal line, inter- 
rupted by a series of black intersegmental shades, double on joint 12; 
a reddish tinge subdorsally ; a narrow, black-edged, white subdorsal line ; 
a broad, black, lateral shade ; a broad, dull red stigmatal band, bordered 
with white. Venter paler, mottled with brown.  Piliferous dots white, 
the subventral ones black. Feet pale. Sete pale, about 1 mm. long, 
Spiracles white, with a narrow black edge. 

Seventh stage—As before, but the piliferous dots smaller, and the 
green colour is nearly all replaced by a pale brown. 

Cocoon.—A cell in the ground with compact hardened walls, without 
any web. 

Pupa.—Cylindrical, abdomen. slightly enlarged centrally, cases 
moderately prominent ; a slight depression between thorax and abdomen, 
Cremaster very short, consisting of two fused spines, separated at their 
tips, and two cthers outside of, but in line with these. Colour light 
brownish-yellow, unicolorous, but darker in the abdominal! sutures. 
Length of pupa, 14 mm. ; width, 5.5 mm. 

Food plant.—Wild gooseberry (Ribes). 

Prof. Smith has kindly determined the moth from some imperfect, 
undeveloped specimens. 


We) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 6 





TWO MORE OF WALKER’S ‘‘ BOMBYCIDS.” 

Col. Chas. Swinhoe, of Oxford, has very kindly employed an 
artist to draw figures of Heterocampa thyatiroides, W\k., and Cingilia 
humeralis, W\lk., for me. The latter is a synonym of Caterva catenarta, 
Cram., though I presume that the genus Cingilia (Trans. Ent. Soc., 
Lond. (3), i., 76, 1862,) antedates Caterva (new check list, 1882,), and 
this geometrid must be called Ciugi/ia catenaria. It stands in the 
Liparide in Kirby’s catalogue. ‘The other name antedates its synonyms, 
and we have :— 

DASYLOPHIA THYATIROIDES, Walker. 

1862—Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., (3), i., 79. 

interna, Packard. 

1864—Packard, Proc. Ent: Soc., Phil., il1., 363. 

tripartita, Walker. 

1865— Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxil., 419. 

signata, Walker. 

1865—Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxiil., 758. 





THREE’ NEW WEST AFRICAN MOTHS. 
BY GEORGE A. EHRMANN, PITTSBURGH, PA. 


Syntomis hilda, 0. sp. 


f .—Antenne, head and thorax black ; first and fifth segments of the 
abdomen white, the rest metallic green ; primaries dark brown with three 
ovate vitreous spots on the sub-apical area ; discal space has two large 
triangular vitreous spots, the largest being near the inner margin. 

Secondaries dark brown, with two small elongate vitreous spots near 
the base and one small round spot of the same colour in the discoidal 
area. Underside the brown is a little lighter than above, otherwise it is 
the same. 

9° .—Similar to the male, except that the antenne are tipped with 
buff, and the fifth segment of the abdomen is not white, thus leaving the 
whole abdomen metallic green except the first segment, which is white on 
the upperside ; th2 vitreous spots in the wings are the same as in the 
mate, but much larger. 

Underside same as above, except that there is a large white spot on 
each side of the thorax, and the first two segments of the abdomen are 
creamy white ; legs in both sexes are dark shining brown. Exp. of ¢, 14 
mm.; 2,16 mm. 

One male and three females in my collection. This lovely species 
was first taken by Mrs. Hilda Nasmyth at Cape Palmas, Liberia, West 
Africa, and I esteem it an honour to name it after her. 


70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Syntomis abdominalis, n. sp. 


¢.—Antenne deeply pectinated ; head and thorax black. Colour 
black, suffused with blue metallic scales. Primaries dark brownish, 
opaque, with two large oval semi-transparent spots in the discoidal area, 
the largest towards the inner angle. 


Secondaries black without any ornamental markings whatever ; abdo- 
men deep maroon, except the two last segments, which are black. Under- 
side the same as above, except that the entire abdomen is light carmine, 
and has a very narrow black lateral stripe on each side; legs light brown. 
Exp., 6, 18 mm. 


Mr. G. B. Nasmyth has obtained but one example of this beautiful 
and unique species at Grand Ses, Liberia, W. Africa; the type is in my 
collection. 


Pachypas Nasmythit, n. sp. 

¢ —Antennze fawn-brown, pectinations much darker; head and 
thorax fawn-brown ; the latter with a darker brown stripe running its 
entire length, similar to that of A. Aonrathii, Dewitz, and P. subfascia, 
Walker. Abdomen, on the upperside the first four segments are of a 
very light brown, the rest, including the underside, is of a lovely ferrugi- 
nous colour. Primaries light brown, median limbal area dark or chestnut- 
brown ; costal inner space slightly shaded with dark-brown, similar to the 
two darkish marks which are so conspicuous in P. szbfascia, Wlk. ; there 
is also a dark-brown band, almost black, running through the entire width 
of the forewing, but not inclined so much as It is in swbfuscia. 


Secondaries, basal area whitish and thinly clothed with scales, which 
gives this space a semi-transparent appearance ; the outer marginal space 
has a broad brown band, darker inwardly, but much lighter on the outer 
margin ; anal margin the same colour as the basal area. Underside of 
thorax dark brown ; the legs are of the same colour. 


Underside of primaries, costal space as far as the limbal area, light 
fawn ; limbal area dark brown, with some light shading in the apical 
space ; basal part on the inner angle much paler than the rest of the 
wing. Underside of secondaries same as above, except that the costal 
area is shaded with ferruginous. Exp., 5% inches. Type in my collec- 
tion. Habitat, Cape Palmas, W. Africa. 


At first sight this noble creature bears a great resemblance to Pachy- 
pas subfascia, Walker, but having before me Dr. Dewitz’s paper, which 
was published in the Nova Acta. Band, XLII., and which has an excellent 
figure of Mr. Walker’s subfascia on Pl. 2, F. 12, I cannot believe other- 
wise than that I have a new and undescribed species to deal with ; and 
I have named it in honour of its discoverer. Mr. Nasmyth took but two 
examples of this grand moth, which, I am safe to say, is the giant of the 
genus. One specimen is in my collection, the other in that of the Rev, 
Dr. W. J. Holland, Pittsburgh, Pa. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71 





NEW NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETID. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Trypeta (Acidia) tortile, n. sp.,2. Wholly yellow except a black 
dot above each wing; ovipositor brown; bristles black; scutellum 
bearing four bristles ; thorax and abdomen shining ; ovipositor flat, very 
broad, nearly as long as the last two abdominal segments. Wings hya- 
line, the anal cell, bases of marginal, sub-marginal, and of the first basal 
cell, also the apex of the second basal cell, yellow ; a black spot on furca- 
tion of the second and third veins, and one on lower half of vein at apex 
of anal cell; a brown band commences on costa between apices of 
auxiliary and of first vein, and extends to the discal cell, going over the 
small cross-vein and continuing as a yellowish streak into the discal cell ; 
a second brown band commences on the costa between apices of the first 
and second veins, and crosses the wing, passing over the posterior cross- 
vein, and near its terminus sending a spur into the third posterior cell ; 
apex of wing from slightly before’apex of the second vein to beyond tip 
of fourth vein, brown; first and third veins bristly. Length, 5 mm. 
Washington (O. B. Johnson). A single specimen. 

The colouring of the wings somewhat resembles Figure 9, Plate X., of 
Loew’s ‘‘ Monographs,” Part III., but the fifth vein is not bordered with 
brown ; the brown at the apex of the wing is separated at the costa from 
the preceding cross-band ; the band crossing the discal cell is scarcely 
perceptible, etc. ; 

Trypeta (Rhagoletis) formosa, 0. sp., 6 2. Black, the head and its 
appendages (except the ocellar tubercle and occiput), a line reaching 
from humeri to each wing, scutellum except the sides at base, halteres 
and legs, yellowish ; thorax and scutellum sub-opaque, the abdomen shin- 
ing ; proboscis slender, geniculate, the apical half bent downward ; sides 
of front and scutellum each bearing four bristles ; ovipositor compressed, 
slightly exceeding the last four abdominal segments in length; wings 
hyaline, marked with three cross-bands and two spots of brown, extreme 
base of wing smoky ; the first cross-band begins at first vein and extends 
over veins at bases of discal and third posterior cells, stopping near mid- 
dle of axillary cell where it is much widened ; the second band begins on 
costa between apices of auxiliary and first veins and extends over small 
cross-vein, and through the discal and third posterior cells to the wing 
margin, its greatest width occurring at the fifth vein ; a brown costal spot 
between apices of first and second veins, extending across marginal and 


72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








sub-marginal cells; the next band begins just before apex of second vein 
and crosses the wing, passing over the posterior cross-vein, widest and 
angled at the fourth vein, the band having the form of a bayonet; a 
brown spot fills apex of first posterior cell (except sometimes a spot in 
its extreme apex), and encroaches on the sub-marginal and second 
posterior cell ; length, 3 to 4mm. Southern California. One male and 
two females, t 

The wings somewhat resemble Figure 16, Plate IX,, Loew’s Mono- 
graph, but the first band is at apex of second basal cell, there is an 
additional brown costal spot between the second and third bands, the 
third band begins at apex of second vein, etc. 

Trypeta (Aciura) aplopappi, n. sp. 39. Black, the pleura 
largely brown, the head and its appendages, the legs except 
the coxe, yellow, a brown vitta on outer side of front femora; 
knob of halteres bright red; bristles black, the short pile light 
yellow; front bearing four bristles each side, the scutellum bear- 
ing only two; abdomen shining, not bristly; ovipositor flattened 
only at apex, as long as !ast two abdominal segments ; wings of nearly an 
equal width, dark-brown, the following spots whitish hyaline: two in cos- 
tal cell, two in marginal cell beyond apex of first vein, the second spot 
extending half-way across the submarginal cell; one in first basal cell 
opposite apex of first vein, one in upper outer angle of discal cell, a 
basal spot and oblique streak crossing second posterior cell, five in third 
posterior cell, three of which are on the wing margin; from two to four 
in axillary angle; first vein bristly, the others bare; length, 4 mm. 
Southern California. Three males and two females, which issued in 
April and May from irregular galls, about 8 mm. long by 4 in diameter, 
on the smaller branches of Aplopappus pintfolius. 

The wings are very similar to Figure 8, Plate X., of Loew’s Monograph, 
but there is no hyaline spot in the first posterior cell, only one in the first 
basal, axillary angle not wholly hyaline, etc. 

Trypeta (Carphotricha) cultaris,a. sp., 6 ¢. Agrees in all respects 
with Loew’s description and figure of cu/ta (Monographs, etc., IIL, 
pages 276 to 279) with these exceptions : Ovipositor not longer than the 
last three abdominal segments ; wings having only one brown ray between 
apices of second and third veins; no darker spot in second posterior 
cell; length, 6 to 7 mm. Southern California. One male and two 
females, in January. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 73 





These differences are constant in the numerous specimens examined — 
but not now before me. So far as I am aware, the typical cw/ta does not 
occur on the Pacific coast. 

Trypeta (Neaspilota) signifera, n. sp., d Q. Yellow, dorsum of 
thorax and metanotum except the sides, opaque grayish-black, the abdo- 
men sometimes brown; front bearing five bristles each side, the scutellum 
bearing four ; ovipositor flattened, as long as the last three abdominal 
segments ; wings hyaline, basal half or less of space between apices of 
auxiliary and first vein brown ; first vein bristly, the others bare ; length, 
3mm. Southern California. Six males and one female. 

The wings are like Figure ro, Plate XI., of Loew’s Monograph, except 
that the apex of the stigma is broadly hyaline. 

Trypeta (Lephritis) baccharis,n. sp., 6 2. Yellowish-brown, bas 
of each abdominal segment and spot each side of middle of metanotum, 
dark grayish-brown ; front bearing four bristles each side, scutellum also 
bearing four bristles ; wings narrow, of nearly an equal width, opaque 
white mottled with brown, which is broken up into spots, except a border 
on the apex beginning between apices of first and second veins and ex- 
tending nearly to axillary angle, where the brown is very faint; along 
the wing margin this border contains a white spot in each angle of the 
sub-marginal cell, entire apex of the first posterior cell, three spots in 
apex of second posterior cell, and seven between this cell and the 
axillary angle; the brown spots form an indistinct broad band, reaching 
from the stigma to the wing margin at lower end of the posterior cross- 
vein ; first vein bristly, the others bare ; length, 5 mm. Southern Cali- 
fornia. Nine males and seven females, which issued from January to 
April from irregular oval galls about 12 mm. long by 4 in diameter, on 
tender twigs of Baccharts viminea. 

The wings somewhat resemble Figure 's, Plate XI., of Loew’s Mono- 
graph, but are much paler, the darker portions forming two cross-bands, 
one near the middle, the other at the apex of the wing. 


Trypeta (Euaresta) Californica, n. sp., 2. Black, the head and its 
appendages, corners of thorax, margin of scutellum, large spots on pleura, 
and the legs, yellowish, halteres pink, pleura near the wings, and bases of 
the latter, tinged with pink ; thorax and scutellum opaque gray pollinose, 
abdomen glabrous, shining ; front bearing four bristles each side, the 
scutellum bearing only two ; ovipositor longer than the last three abdom- 
inal segments, over three times as broad at base as at the apex ; wings 


74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





brown, the following spots hyaline: four in costal cell (none between 
apices of auxiliary and first veins); three in marginal cell, situated between 
apices of first and second veins, three in sub-marginal cell of which one 
is contiguous to the middle spot in marginal cell and two are between 
apices of second and third veins ; three in first posterior celi, the one in 
the apex reaching the wing margin, three in second posterior cell, all of 
them contiguous with the wing margin, four in third posterior ‘cell, of 
which three are along the wing margin ; three in axillary cell, two in the 
second basal, two in first basal, of which one is sub-basal and the other 
near its apex, also one in discal cell near its apex; first vein bristly, the 
others bare ; length, nearly 4 mm. Southern California. A single female, 
in May. 

The wings closely resemble Figure 23, Plate X., of Loew’s Monograph, 
but there is only one hyaline spot in the discal cell, four in the third 
posterior, etc. 

Trypeta (Euaresta) araneosa, n. sp.,?. Grayish-black, the head and 
its appendages (except a portion of the occiput), halteres and legs except 
sometimes a portion of the femora, yellowish ; bristles black, the short 
pile yellowish ; front bearing four bristles each side, scutellum bearing 
four bristles ; wings brown, the following spots hyaline: three in costal 
cell nearly filling that cell (none between apices of auxiliary and first 
veins), four in marginal cell, of which two are near the base and two be- 
tween apices of first and second veins ; five in sub-marginal cell, of which 
one is at the base, two near the middle and two between apices of second 
and third veins ; five in first posterior cell, the one in the apex reaching the 
wing margin; three in the second posterior cell, each of which crosses that 
cell ; four in third posterior cell, from four to seven in the discal cell, one 
of which touches the vein at the base of that cell ; and three in first basal 
cell; second basal, anal and ‘axillary cells largely hyaline ; first vein 
bristly, the others bare ; ovipositor scarcely longer than the last abdom- 
inal segment; length, 4 mm. Southern California. Four females, in 
January and February. 

The wings somewhat resemble Figure 21, Plate X., of Loew’s Mono- 
gragh, but the stigma is wholly brown and the base of the wing to apex 
of auxiliary vein is almost wholly hyaline, excepting a brown streak cross- 
ing the third posterior cell near its base. 

Trypeta (Euaresta) stelligera, n. sp., 6. Black, the head and its 
appendages (excepting the occiput) the halteres and legs, yellow ; thorax 


THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIS?, 15 





and scutellum gray pollinose, the abdomen glabrous, shining ; front each 
side and the scutellum bearing four bristles; wings brown, the following 
spots hyaline: four in costal cell (a yellow dot on costa just beyond apex 
of auxiliary vein), two in marginal cell situated between apices of first and 
second veins, three in sub-marginal cell, of which two are between apices 
of second and third veins and the third is contiguous to the first spot in 
marginal cell; three in first posterior cell, the one at apex reaching the 
wing margin ; four each in second and third posterior cells, three in each 
cell reaching the wing margin ; three in first basal cell, of which two are 
near its base and the other near its apex ; and one in discal cell near its 
apex ; second basal, anal and base of axillary cells largely hyaline ; first 
vein bristly, the others bare; length, 4 mm. Southern California. A 
single male specimen. 

The wings resemble Figure 23, Plate X., of Loew’s Monograph, but 
there is no hyaline spot just before apex of second vein, only one in the 
discal cell, etc. 

Trypeta (ELuraesta) tapetis,n. sp., 6 2. Yellowish, the dorsum of | 
thorax, lower part of pleura, metanotuin and ovipositor, black, the abdo- 
men sometimes marked with blackish ; scutellum bearing four bristles ; 
wings brown, the following spots hyaline: two in costal cell, one between 
apices of auxiliary and first veins ; four or five in marginal cell, of which 
two or three are between apices of first and second veins ; four in sub- 
marginal cell, of which two are between apices of second and third veins, 
that at tip of second vein encroaching on the marginal cell; four in first 
posterior cell, of which one is near the base and three near its apex, one 
of the latter spots sometimes being divided into two spots ; three in 
second posterior cell, each reaching the wing margin, but two of these 
spots are sometimes merged into one; four in third posterior cell, three 
of which reach the wing margin; three in first basal cell, and two in discal 
cell, of which one is near its base and the other near its apex ; second 
basal, anal and base of axillary cell largely hyaline ; first vein bristly, the 
others bare; length, 4 mm. New Mexico (E. L. Keen). Four males 
and two females. 

The wings somewhat resemble Figure 28, Plate X., of Loew’s Mono- 
graph, but the hyaline spots are larger and more numerous, some of them 
merging into each other so as to form a cross-band, beginning just before 
apex of auxiliary vein, and reaching the wing margin just beyond apex of 
sixth vein. 


76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


THE ODONATA OF ITHACA, N. Y. 
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y. 








Most of the species recorded below were collected by the writer in the 
vicinity of Ithaca, N. Y., during the years 1888 and 1889. I have 
seen the collections of others, and have found in them some forms that 
I had not collected. I have also examined the collection of Cornell 
University, and found several species not previously seen from the locality. 
This list is not complete,as undoubtedly more species will be found in the 
Cordulide and Gomphide. I have added a few notes on certain species 
and genera, which I thought opportune :— 


CALOPTERYGID&. 


Calopteryx maculata, Beaur. Common about streams during spring 
and summer. 

ffeterina americana, Fabr. A specimen was taken during the past 
summer by a Mr. Salant. 

AGRIONIDE. 

Lestes hamata, Selys. Uncommon, August. 

Lestes rectangularis, Say. Common during July and August. 

Lestes disjuncta, Selys. Uncommon, August. 

Lestes forcipata, Ramb. Not common, June. 

Argia violacea, Hagen. Common, July. 

Argia putrida, Hagen. Common, summer. 

Ischnura verticalis, Say. Common, July, August. 

Amphiagrion saucitum, Burm. One specimen. 

Nehalennia trene, Hagen. Uncommon, July. 

Erythromma condita, Hagen. One specimen. 

Enallagma exsulans, Hagen. Quite common, July, August. 

Enallagma Hageni, Walsh. A specimen in the Corneli Univ. collec- 
tion is probably this species. 

Enallagma ebria, Hagen. This has the superior appendages of ¢ 
deeply bifid, more so than in Z.czvz/e,the upper branch no longer but a little 
larger than the lower. A black spot above on segment two, and the black 
of segment three confined to the tip. Two specimens. 

Enallagma annexa, Hagen. The ¢ has the apical black spot on 
segment two, and the apical halves of three, four and five are black ; 
eight and nine are blue. The superior appendages rounded, blunt at 
apex, inferior pointed, as long as the superior. Two specimens, August. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


s -~I 
~I 





These, together with those recorded and described by Calvert in his 
recent paper on the Odonata of Philadelphia, are all the species of this 
genus found in the northeastern part of the United States, except Z. 
traviata, Selys. This was described from Mass., I have collected a 
specimen on Long Island, N. Y. It is hardly more than a variety of £. 
aspersa. The superior appendages are like Z. aspersa, except the lower 
branch is a little heavier ; the black on segment two has a projection to 
the anterior margin of the segment, and the black on segment three also 
reaches to the anterior margin in a point ; apical half of seven, all of 
eight and nine and all of ten, except black spot above, blue. I have also 
taken 4. divagans on Long Island. 

GOMPHID. 

Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis, Walsh. I took two specimens. 

Dromogomphus spinosus, Selys. One specimen in Cornell Univ. col- 
lection labelled “N.Y,”; itis probably from Ithaca. It has been collected 
quite commonly at Baldwinsville, N. Y., by Mr. R. H. Pettit. 

Gomphus fraternus, Say. Ihave but one specimen. 

Gomphus villosipes, Selys. Not uncommon. 

Gomphus exilis, Selys. Quite common in June and July. 

Gomphus parvulus, Selys. One specimen. 

Gomphus, sp. A specimen (? ) in Cornell Univ. collection, unknown 
to me. 

Hagenius brevistylus, Selys. A specimen in the Cornell Univ. col- 
lection. 


AESCHNIDA. 
Anax junius, Drury. Common during summer. 
Neureschna vinosa, Say. I have one specimen, 29 July. 
ischna heros, Fabr. In Cornell Univ. collection, June. 
Aschna constricta, Say. Common during July and August. 
“Eschna clepsydra, Say. Uncommon, August. 

CoRDULID&. 
Macromia transversa, Say. Uncommon, June, July. 


Epitheca elongata, Scudd. One specimen in Cornell Univ. collection, 
June. 
Cordulia princeps, Hagen. In Cornell Univ. collection, June. 


Cordulia cynosura, Say. Common in the spring. 


78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Cordulia semiaguea, Burm. In Cornell Univ. collection labelled 
“N.Y.” ; it is probably from Ithaca; Mr. Pettit has taken it at Baldwins- 
ville, N. Y. 

Cordulia,sp.? Ihave an abnormal female near C. cynosura, but the 
hypertriagonal space of forewings crossed, the sectors barely united at 
apex; all the triangles crossed, no internal triangle to hind wings, three 
or four veinlets under the pterostigma, black spots at base of the wings, 
abdomen shorter than hind wings, sides of thorax without any stripe. 
This and Mannodiplax vacua may serve to illustrate how fickle are the 
venational characters in this family ; it would be better, I think, to draw 
generic characters from the head and thorax. 

LIBELLULID&. 

Tramea lacerata, Hagen. I saw two specimens of this species at 
Freeville (a town ten miles from Ithaca), May 31, 1889; after much 
trouble I captured one of them. 

Celthemis elisa, Hagen. One specimen collected by Prof. Morgan. 

Libellula quadrimaculata, Linn. A few specimens in the Cornell 
Univ. collection. 

Libellula pulchelia, Drury. Common during spring and summer. 

Libellula basalis, Say. Uncommon, August. 

Libellula trimaculata, De Geer. Common during spring and sum- 
mer. This is usually placed in the genus Plathemis, which differs from 
Libellula only in the male genital organs, which, I think, are hardly 
worthy of generic rank. 

Mesothemis longipennis, Burm. Common during spring and summer. 
I have a specimen with the triangles four-sided. 

Mesothemis simplicicollis, Say. I have seen a specimen collected by 
Mr. O. Takahashi. 

Diplax vicina, Hagen. Not uncommon, July, August. 

Diplax rubicundula, Say. Common during spring and summer. 

Diplax semicinta,Say. Uncommon, August. 

Diplax intacta, Hagen. This is placed in the genus Leucorhinia, 
Britt., separated from Diplax only by structure of the vertex of head; the 
venational characters vary to the usual form of Diplax. Not uncommon 
in the spring. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST, 79 








NOTES ON NOCTURNAL LEPIDOPTERA. 


BY A. R. GROTE, A.M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 
THE SPECIES OF LITHOPHANE. 

Prof. Smith says that he uses the name Xy/zza in preference to Lith- 
ophane, because both are catalogue names and Xy/ina has priority, since 
the Verzeichniss was not published until 1818 at least. My argument is, 
that Ochsenheimer took the name XyZexa from Hiibner’s Tentamen’ 
(1808), cites Hiibner and includes his type “thoxy/ea, which is not a 
Lithophane, but a Hadena. Consequently, Xy/ina or Xylena falls before 
Hadena and should not be used for this genus. . I took Lithophane, 
because it thus has priority for this genus, and because it includes socéa, 
which I designated as the type in 1874, being free to do so. It seems to 
me this course is clear. Ochsenheimer, as I have proved, admits the 
Tentamen as valid authority, and adopts Hiibner’s names out of it in a 
number of instances. The authority of the Tentamen is most certainly 
established by Ochsenheimer’s action and its prior date proved. See my 
Buffalo list, and my papers in CanapDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST on this subject. 
From an esthetic point of view Zzthophane is a more descriptive and a 
prettier name, although this is no argument and a mere opinion of my 
own. The fact is, that Ochsenheimer’s Xy/:va is a mixed genus ; its true 
type, since this author cites Hiibner, isa Hadena. Thus it cannot, under 
the rules, be used for the present structural type. 

I have little to add to what Prof. Smith says as to the synonymy of 
the species. I did not identify szgvosa, if I recollect rightly, from the 
collection, but while I was in Buffalo, from a study of the description in 
the British Museum Lists. If I made a mistake, as would now appear, 
it is an excusable one. But what I do not understand is Fernald’s testi- 
mony, Bull. Geol. Surv., Vol. 5, 201, 1879. From this it appears that my 
petulca was “near, if not identical with Walker’s ¢zfructuosa,” a species 
now referred by Smith as a synonym of confusa, Hubner! An entirely 
different looking insect! Prof. Fernald does not mention my ségvosa, 
Walk., specifically, but says: ‘The only Xy/iza which I found in the 
Walkerean collection, under a different name from what they are known 
by us, was Xylina antennata, Walk. ‘This is X. cinerea, Riley.” I had 
only noted, in 1867, this gray species, but when I came to separate our 
gray forms, I-found three of them, and the question was, which one of 
these Walker had. From my memory of the type and from Walker's 
description, I felt sure it was cénerea, and, in this instance, Prof. Fernald 


80 ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








is corroborated by Prof. Smith. I do not know whether Prof. Fernald 
had ségzosa with him, but one thing is clear, that if he had this or petudca, 
then he could not have failed to note the fact, if petw/ca was really identi- 
cal with Walker’s original type of signosa. He had petulca, and he con- 
sidered it near or identical with zzfructuosa, Walk.! Now, has there 
been here any shifting of Walker’s ‘“‘types”? If Prof. Fernald had my 
signosa with him in 1879, then its correspondence with Walker’s signosa 
would be proved inferentially by his general statement quoted above. 
If, again, he saw the type of szgzosa, he could not have failed to note its 
correspondence with the petu/ca he certainly had with him! Why did 
Prof. Fernald compare petulca with infructuosa, if Walker’s “ type” of 
signosa was petulca? As a matter of fact, what Walker says agrees 
better with szgzosa than with petudca ; I have no sufficient material now 
before me to go into this point. Walker’s description convinced me that 
he had what I call szgnosa before him when I determined and compared 
our species with his text, but I am aware that much better descrip- 
tions than Walker ever wrote are liable to be misinterpreted. Nor am I 
primarily interested to rescue my name. I wish to show reasons for 
assuming that the Walker collection is not now, in all its details, what it 
was before Mr. Butler took charge and merged my collection with it in 1883. 
And I insist that Walker’s text must not conflict with the present “types ” 
when we are called upon to identify the two. Perhaps, in the present 
case, Prof. Fernald has some additional informatien to that which he 
gathered for me and kindly communicated in 1879. At any rate, Prof. 
Fernald’s published remarks (l. c.) should be read in the light of Prof. 
Smith’s present references. 

Lithophane unimoda, Lintner.—This may be a distinct species, but 
the single specimen I saw impressed me with the probability that it was 
only a dark, suffused form of one of the species of the antennata series. 

Lithophane gausapata, Grt.—I believe the specimen was sent me by 
my friend Behrens. Why the type ‘‘should” be in Mr. Neumoegen’s 
collection I do not know, except that I gave him all my material before 
leaving home. I believe he has it and also the type of Mamestra fer- 
realis, unless I gave it to some one else—Prof. Smith, perhaps. 

Lithophane deposita, Morr.—The specimens in my collection, or, at 
least, one of them, came from Mr. Morrison, and are thus authentically 
named, if not “types,” This same is true of fagina and curvimacula 
in my collection. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81 





Lithophane oriunda, Grt.—If the “type” is not in British Museum, 
Prof. Saunders may have it. This species was, I believe, authentically 
determined by me for Mr. Geo. Norman, and his specimen may be in 
the British Museum. 

Lithophane Bethunei, G. & R.—It is of little importance now, since 
the species is so well known, but I believe our type is in Philadelphia. 
Mr. Robinson gave our collection to the Central Park Museum, and Mr. 
Beutenmiiller can probably testify as to what “types” of Moctuid@ it 
may contain. ‘* Types,” from which a figure was made, might lose their 
labels, and may not have been reclaimed by us. 

Lithophane capax, G. & R.—I wish to mention this species because I 
took my own original material in 1867 with me to Vienna and showed it 
to Julius Lederer, the well-known European authority on the (Vocturde, 
and asked his opinion on the generic location of the insect, He said of 
all the European genera the moth came nearest to Xy/iza. I have been of 
the opinion for a very long time that its position here was only tentative. 

Euharveya carbonaria, Harvey.—When Dr. Harvey described this 
species, I very much doubted its reference to Lithophane. As I have 
lost the pleasure of naming a genus after him, through Mr. Walker’s 
Siavana, 1 propose the present term for carbonaria, which Prof. Smith 
says affords a remarkable structural character. According to my view, 
the moth approached my genus Ufews. 


AGROTIS MURAENULA. 

I am not prepared to admit, without further study, the validity of the 
generic disintegration of the species of Agrotis. It does not seem to me 
probable, for instance, that occu/ta, for which I retained Hurois, Hibn., 
should be congeneric with pe//ucida/is. But all such questions, together 
with the proper names according to the rules which these new groups 
must bear, may be left to the future monographist. They do not affect 
the present case, which is this, that two species, properly referred by me 
at the time to Agrotis, were described by Walker under the same specific 
name vefusta. One of these turns out to be, as I had suggested in my 
essay, muraenula, G. & R., and this latter name, I claim, under the 
custom and as accepted in Staudinger’s Catalogue, should be retained for 
the species it designates, since at the time it was free to be named and no 
subsequent generic separation can overturn its real and conceded right at 
the time it was proposed. Vetusta, Walk., as applied to muraenula, 
must be relegated to the synonymy. 


82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


AGROTIS OPIPARA. 

When Mr. Morrison described his opzpara and scropudana from Mt. 
Washington, I was working out the theory with regard to the influence 
of the Glacial Epoch, or Epochs, upon the geographical distribution of 
to-day of our lepidoptera. It was a matter of less interest that Mr. 
Morrison should have redescribed known species, than that these species 
from Mt. Washington should have a representation also far away in the 
higher latitude of Labrador, or that Labrador forms should be demon- 
strated to occur also on mountain peaks in New Hampshire. Mr. 
Moeschler sent me specimens of his zs¢andica and carnea from Labrador, 
and when Mr. Morrison also sent me his “types” of ofipara and 
scropulana | compared them and found the two species from Mt. Wash- 
ington the same as the two from Labrador. I exhibited all these 
specimens at the meeting of the Entomological Club of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science, and there is record of the 
fact in the Can. ENTomo.ocist. I adopted then Mr. Moeschler’s names 
for these insects, having no opportunity to go behind his determination 
and suspecting no necessity. Matters rested in this way until I had the 
opportunity, when I found, and was the first to find, that the real 
islandica, Stdgr., from Iceland was probably different from 7s/andica, 
Moeschl., from Labrador, as well as from opipara, Morr., from Mt. 
Washington ; the two latter being, as I had originally claimed, the same 
species. Accordingly in 1882, in my New Check List, p. 25, I called 
our North American species ofipara, Morr., with zs/andica, Moeschler, 
in error, as a synonym. I added this note :—‘‘ This species from Mount 
Washington is identical with the Labradorian species determined by 
Moeschler as ¢s/andica. But I have doubts, since seeing an Icelandic 
specimen, as to whether Moeschler is right. In restoring ofipara for 
this species I do not in the slightest way change my opinion as to the 
identity of the Mount Washington and Labradorian species.” Nothing 
can be clearer than my words and action. I was bound to accept 
Moeschler’s authority in the first instance since I could not but believe 
he knew Staudinger’s species and Mr. Morrison knew neither that 
nor carnea.  Ejght years later comes Prof. Smith and (although I never 
had, at any time or anywhere, described any North American species as 
islandica, and although, whenever I mentioned the name, it was perfectly 
clear I was speaking of the species identified by Moeschler) cites after 
opipara, “ islandica, Grote, in error.” Prof. Smith goes still further. He 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 83 





suppresses my reference of the species described by Moeschler as is/andica 
to opipara, in 1882, as cited above, and has the courage to write “the 
error is Mr. Grote’s for condemning Mr. Morrison’s species on insufficient 
grounds!” By also suppressing Moeschler’s original determination, I 
am brought in for a synonym I never committed! In effect what I 
really did was this: I identified the two species described by Moeschler 
from Labrador and Morrison from Mt. Washington as the same, which 
was a clear scientific gain. I am also the first to show that Moeschler’s 
name for the species was the result of a wrong identification, and that our 
North American species must be called ofipara, Morr., with ¢s/andica, 
Moeschl., nec. Stdgr., as a synonym! In 1885, three years after my 
rectification, Mr. Smith writes (Ent. Am., I., 14,) that “‘ Mr. Moeschler’s 
claim that /s/andica is faund in Labrador is based on a variety which is 
certainly the of/para of Mr. Morrison.” Here was the place to say that 
I had made the correction and arrived at the conclusion in my note printed 
in1882! I think I may say that I have been anxious that every real mis- 
take I have made should be rectified for the sake of science and that I 
have never shunned a just criticism. But, in view of facts like thé pre- 
ceding, it will appear that an author may allow himself to publish a 
criticism the reverse of just and without any apology for his conduct. 


PACHNOBIA CARNEA. 

It is a matter of comparatively little consequence now whether Mr. 
Morrison redescribed carnea or the closely allied Wockei from Labrador. 
If the supposed “type” in Tepper coll. is alone genuine, he will have 
redescribed the latter; if the two (?) specimens he sent me at the time 
are genuine “types,” he will, I think, have described carnea. In order 
to make out the former the true case, Prof. Smith omits Mt. Washington 
as locality for carvea in his Revision, and gives it only to Wockei. I do 
not feel sure the two are really different and am quite certain Morrison 
did not distinguish them. He sent meat the time to Buffalo a cigar box 
half full of specimens, all “types” of his scropudana, for my opinion. I 
wrote him they were very beautiful, but varied so much I could not 
believe well they were all one species. I was instructed to return them 
at once and did so without taking them out of their places, retaining only 
one or perhaps two of the dingiest specimens, which were specially 
marked for me, and which, on comparison, I identified with carnea. 
Now, long afterwards, and without knowledge of the facts, Prof. Smith ap- 
pears and writes as if he knew all about Morrison’s “ types,” pronounces a 


84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





single one in coll. Tepper as genuine, while conceding elsewhere that Mr. 
Morrison was very liberal in labelling specimens as “types.” To conclude, 
in the Synonymic Catalogue the locality for carnea, Mount Washington, re- 
appears! On whose authority if not on mine based on Morrison’s speci- 
mens? What has happened between the Revision and the Catalogue ? 
Has Prof. Smith seen my specimens sent by Morrison and found them 
teally carnea? In the Synonymic Catalogue several of my Agrotis species 
are reinstated, and perhaps finally my determination of these two Alpine 
forms may gradually come to be acknowledged. Where an examination 
of my collection has resulted in establishing my determinations so very 
largely, it seems hardly worth while to pursue the subject further. There 
remain but afew cases of specific determination where I am still of a 
different opinion from the author of the Synonymic Catalogue, and I 
reserve my views on these until a proper time. 


AGROTIS EXSERTISTIGMA. 

This species was described by Mr. Morrison on material furnished by 
me and credited to me, and I figured, in the Buffalo Bulletin, the speci- 
mens returned as “types” of Lxsertistigma by Mr. Morrison. But 
it appears that one of my specimens was not returned me, that this 
specimen, also marked as “ type” of exsertzstigma, found its way into Mr. 
Tepper’s possession, and that this specimen belongs to a species after- 
wards described by me as observabilis. It may be truly said that Mr. 
Morrison’s original description was totally inadequate, and that therefore 
the species should remain as figured and determined by myself. There 
is nothing to prove the Tepper specimen the genuine one, and mine not 
genuine. My publication was the only sufficient one. Probably, almost 
certainly, Mr. Morrison considered them all the same, in which case my 
determination was decisive. If Mr. Morrison considered my specimens 
credited to me and Mr. Tepper’s one species, I was free to determine one 
as exsertistigma and re-describe the other (of the existence of which in 
Mr. Tepper’s collection I was, however, ignorant). I think, with justice, 
my original determination should prevail. But my original determinations 
have been overturned by Prof. Smith; only this author has overlooked 
the fact that his new name for my exsertistigma, viz., confusa, must fall 
before Morrisonistigma, proposed by me in Buff. Bulletin. 

THYATIRA ANTICOSTIENSIS. 

I would draw attention to the fact that this form of Z: pudens, Guen., 

taken by Mr. Wm. Couper on Anticosti, is described by me, Can. Enr., 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 





XVIII, 215, 1886. My specimen is, I believe, now in the British 
Museum, and, I think, unlabelled. It is apparently a hoary, boreal form 
of pudens, but may also be restricted to Anticosti. I have not had 
sufficient material to decide the question. 

SPHIDA OBLIQUA, Walk. 

Prof. Smith has shown that my identification of our S. oddiguata with 
this species of Walker’s is correct, and the species must be known as 
above. I separate Sphida from Arzama, or, as it must be now known, 
Bellura, on account of the clypeal tubercle, exactly as Ochria, Hibn., 
(=Gortyna, Auct.,) is separable from Gortyna, Hubn., (= Xydrecia, 
Auct.) As I use an acknowledged generic character, I do not see why it 
should here fail of recognition. In some way, now incomprehensible to 
me, I failed to see Walker’s species in 1867, when I was there with a 
specimen to identify. The drawer may have been overlooked, or the 
species not then in place—probably the latter, as Mr. Walker was then em- 
ployed in arranging the material. I saw then the type only of Arzama 
densa, and recognized it at once as allied to our species of Sphida. I did 
not then know vu/nifica, which I described in 1872 in Philadelphia. I 
left my type there and there it must yet be. The type of densa did not 
recall to me vudnifica, which is more yellow; I have all along thought 
these were two species; one ‘ reddish,” smaller perhaps, densa, and 
another, vudnifica, differently coloured. Of this latter I regarded meZano- 
pyga as a variety with blackish anal tuft. I did not see the type of 
Bellura gortynoides, Walk., C. B. M., 32, 465 ; the description more re- 
sembles vu/nifica than that of densa does. As I have not seen my type 
of vudnifica to compare with my material or with me/anopyga, it should 
be found and studied. I have now myself no, or little doubt, we have to 
do with a single variable reddish on yellow species, and that Prof. 
Smith’s synonomy will be found to be correct, p. 181, where the name is 
mispelled gortynides. (Other cases of miswritten names are: ¢ranguila, 
for tranguilla ; synochites, for synochitis; appasionata, for appassionata, 
etc.) From this variable brighter coloured species, Be//ura diffusa, Grt., 
is totally distinct. It has been collected by Mr. Moffat, I believe, in 
Canada. Where my type is now I cannot for the moment recollect. It 
seems not to be in the British Museum. A type of Sphida obliguata is 
or was in the Central Park Museum. The Arzamine, then, are a group 
of noctuid genera with aquatic larve, having affinities with Monagria 
and of a peculiar Bombycid appearance, owing to the tufted female abdo- 


86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST. 





men, like Lasiocampa, Ocneria, Bombyx, etc., and soft brown colours. 
They are exclusively American and seem to be the survival of an ancient 
form of the family. The two genera may thus be catalogued : 
BELLuRA, Walk. 

GoRTYNOIDES, Walk. 

densa, Walk. 

vulnifica, Grt. 

var. melanopyga, Grt. 

Dirrusa, Grt. Spuipa, Grt. 


Ostiqua, Walk. 
Obliquata, G. & R. 


A TERATOLOGICAL TRIO. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA. 


For those interested in teratology I wish to record three instances of 
malformations of the antenne of Coleoptera. The beetles presenting 
these have been kindly given to me by Mr. W. Simpson, an energetic and 
observant young collector of this city. The deformities exhibited are as 
follows :— 

Fig. 6—a. Right antenna of a male Dytiscus Harrisiz, in which the 
third joint is enlarged and broadened toward the tip and gives off two 
branches. The inner of 
these contains eight f) 
joints and is quite nor- 
mal in appearance, but 


the outer consists of wi 
CL ey CS 


only two articles, of 
which the second is Fic. 6. 


short and irregular at apex, and does not seem to have had any more 
attached to it. 


b. Right antenna of Adimonia cavicollis, in which the second joint 
is somewhat enlarged and gives off two branches. The inner branch 
consists of the full nine joints necessary to complete the organ, but these 
joints are all slightly shortened and broadened, and the branch has a sub- 
clavate appearance. The outer branch is imperfeet ; the first four joints 
are still more shortened, and are succeeded by two irregular articles, the 
first of which evidently represents at least two. 

c. Right antenna of Desmocerus palliatus, in which the sixth joint is 
represented by a small wedge-shaped piece. The seventh is short and 
thickened, and is set at right angies to the fifth, thus making a sudden 
bend in the antenna. This malformation is probably due to an injury 
while the insect was in the pupa state, as indicated by fragments of skin 
which remained when the beetle moulted. 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87 


ee 











—$_—$— a 


COCCINELLID OF DODGE CO., WISCONSIN. 
BY WILL EDWIN SNYDER, BEAVER DAM, WIS. 


Anisosticta strigata, Thunb. Very abundant, found under stones, 
bark and other objects in nearly all pasture and meadow lands. I have 
never taken it while feeding. A colony of over fifty was taken from 
under one stone the past summer. 

Megilla maculata, D.G. Abundant—to be found nearly everywhere. 
Most abundant in the late fall in corn fields infested with the chinch bug. 
One of our earliest beetles to appear in the spring. Also to be taken 
during warm spells in midwinter, seven specimens having been taken 
on the eighteenth of January of the present year. 

Hippodamia glacialis, Fab. I have two of this species taken from 
under bark of a stump in 1891. It is the only record I have of its 
occurrence here. 

Hippodamia 13-punctata, Linn. Our most abundant species of the 
Coccinellide. Especially abundant in corn fields in company with JZ. 
maculata, H. parenthesis and C. sanguinea. Varies much in colour and 
markings. Doubtless very destructive to the chinch-bug, as it occurs most 
frequently in fields infested by it. 

Hippodamia parenthesis, Say. Common, especially so among the 
loose bark and rotted wood on old oak stumps. 


Coccinella g-notata, Hbst. Abundant, most so early in the spring, 
when large quantities can be taken from under stones and other material 
lying in pastures. Varies in colour and markings. 


Coccinella sanguinea, Linn. Not so abundant as C. 9-notata. Found 
in largest numbers in oat fields just before harvest. 


Anatis 15-punctata, Oliv. Abundant, found feeding upon the leaves 
of various shrubs. Noticeable here from the fact it is seldom found in the 
interior of timber lands, preferring the vegetation along the borders, 
especially on the north side. Larvae and pupz always to be found if an 
adult can be. 

Psyllobora 20-maculata, Say. 1 have three specimens in my cabinet, 
all being found under stones in a pasture, two taken in 1892 and one in 
1893. 

Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls. The ‘twice stabbed lady bug” cannot 
be called common here. During five years I have not taken more than 
25 specimens. © 


88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Hyperaspys undulata, Say. Occasionally taken, though it can hardly 


be classed as common. 
Scymnus analis. I have three specimens in my cabinet which Dr. 


Riley identified as anad/is. 
In conclusion, I wish to thank Dr. Riley for his valued assistance in 


naming the above species. 





CORRESPONDENCE. 
WINTER HABITS OF SOME COLORADO PROCTOTRYPIDA. 

Sir,—In the review of Mr. Ashmead’s work on the Proctotrypidé in 
the last number of this paper, a method for obtaining some of the species 
in winter was mentioned. During a winter’s collecting, mostly beneath 
stones, boards, etc., I have found the following species (determined by 
Mr. Ashmead) occurring quite frequently :—Fantoclis montana, Ashm, 
Pantoctis coloradensis, Ashmn., Tropidopria torquata, Prov., Tropidopria 
simulans, Ashm., Tropidopria, sp., and Aclista, sp. In some localities 
the species first mentioned occurs quite abundantly. 

Cart F. Baker, Fort Collins, Colo. 


CONCERNING CALOTARSA ORNATIPES, TOWNSEND, 

Sir,—In the February number of the Can. Ent, Prof. Townsend de- 
scribed and figured a peculiar fly under the above name. ‘The figure of 
the hind tarsus at once reminded me of a fly I had collected some years 
ago at Ithaca, N. Y., and on comparing find that it is a specimen of 
Calotarsa ornatipes. | But I had not considered the fly as a Syrphid, as 
its characters are opposed to almost everything of important value in the 
Syrphide. Not only in the absence of a spurious vein and the open first 
posterior cell, as mentioned by Prof. Townsend, but in the small basal 
cells, the presence of several prominent macrochete on the thorax, and 
the terminal avzsta to antenna. Some Syrphidz have a terminal sty/e, 
but an avis¢a is different. Moreover, the origin of the anterior veins of 
the wings is unlike that of the Syrphide. Besides there are spurs at the 
tips of the intermediate tibie. 

I am not a Dipterologist ; but my specimen is labelled ‘ Platypeza,” 
which, I think, is correct. In this position the fly is not so anomalous 
and remarkable as when placed in the Syrphide. NATHAN Banks. 


Mailed March 13th, 


The Canadian Hintomologist 








VOL. XXVIL. LONDON, APRIL, 1894. No. 4. 








NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.—NO. VII. 
BY E. P. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y. 
1. IDIOCERUS AM@MUS, 7. Sf. 


Allied to 7. swturadis, but smaller. Female of a uniform pale yellow 
colour, pronotum and scutellum tin gedwith fulvous or ferruginous, the 
former with a spot behind the inner angle of each eye and a median vitta, 
pale. Mesonotum with a black band bordering the scutellum, at least 
posteriorly ; extreme tip of scutellum yellow. Elytra hyaline very 
slightly tinged with fulvous, becoming smoky toward the apex ; nervures 
pale yellow. Wings hyaline, highly iridescent. Eyes rufous. Oviduct 
ferruginous, 


In this species the front is more strongly narrowed apically with the 
sides nearly rectilinear beyond the antennz, not so distinctly arcuated as 
in Z. suturalis; and the clypeus is less expanded at apex. The last 
ventral segment is very feebly rounded behind, not distinctly advanced at 
the middle as in swtura/is. In one example the pronotal markings are 
obsolete and’the oviduct pale. Length, 5 mm. 


Described from two female examples. One taken near Los Angeles 
Cal., by Mr. D. W. Coquillett. . The other, a more deeply coloured speci- 
men, was sent me by Mr. C. P. Gillette, as an inhabitant of the mountains of 
northern Colorado. Mr. Coquillett’s specimen came labelled /docerus 
amemus, Uhler., a M.S. name which is quite appropriate to this pretty 
insect, 


2. PEDIOPSIS SORDIDA, 7. Sp. 


Closely allied to P. ¢rists, but smaller. Male: Greenish grey, 
closely and coarsely punctured with blackish ; punctures on the face 
irregularly disposed ; those of the pronotum deep, eiongated and oblique, 
but rather less conspicuous than in zzsignis and ¢rzstzs ; median line dis- 
tinct. Scutellum pale with the basal angles commonly fuscous. 
Elytra deep smoky-brown; nervures strong, concolorous. Abdo- 


90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





men, breast and legs piceous-brown ; the knees, outer edges of the 
tibie, broad hind margins of the ventral segments and valve, and the 
base of the-plates, whitish. In pale examples the legs are fulvous and 
the venter and plates almost uniformly ashen-grey. Length, 4 mm. 

Female: Larger. Grey tinged with fulvous-yellow. Elytra con- 
colorous, subhyaline, with inconspicuous nervures, and with the head, 
pronotum and scutellum irregularly mottled with brown ; the basal angles 
of the latter. blackish ; punctures concolorous and less distinct than in 
the male. Legs and all beneath brown, the outer surface of the femora 
and the tibiz more or less invaded with fulvous ; the abdominal segments 
and genital pieces broadly margined with whitish; or the lower surface 
may be entirely pale yellow with no trace of the brown markings. 
Length, 5 mm. 

Colorado. Described from two male and five female examples 
collected among the Rocky Mountains by Prof. C. P. Gillette. This 
sombre species seems to be very unstable in its colouring, varying from a 
uniform pale yellow beneath to deep brown banded and marked with 
whitish. The females are well distinguished by a peculiar dusky mottled 
appearance above and the evenly punctured head ; and the dusky basal 
angles of the scutellum in both sexes. 


3. AGALLIA CONSTRICTA, 7. SP. 


Closely allied to A. ¢-punctata, Prov., but smalier and more slender. 
Length, 3-334 mm. 

This species can best be characterized by a comparison with 
4-punctata. Female: Face a little more elongated than in that species ; 
the front more gradually narrowed to the apex and not so broad at the 
base of the clypeus ; clypeus more narrow and slender ; outer edge of 
the cheek less deeply excavated under the eye, the edge between the eye 
and outer angle shorter, and the angle less prominent. Pronotum pro- 
portionately longer, with the latero-posterior margin distinctly longer and 
the posterior angles more prominent. Elytra narrower, especially toward 
the apex, the costa not so strongly arcuated, the apical areoles longer and 
narrower. Last ventral segment more produced and narrower behind, 
outer angles much depressed against the base of the pygofers, subtecti- 
form, with a triangular flat basal area. In 4-punctata there is a small 
oval depression on either side scarcely invading the basal half of the 
segment and leaving a central ridge and usually the apical margin 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91 


elevated. Pygofers shorter than in ¢-punctata and scarcely exceeded by 
the oviduct which in its ally is distinctly longer. In the male the front is 
as strongly constricted below the antenne as in the female, while in 
4-punctata the constriction is very slight ; and the outer angles of the 
cheeks in the male constricta are almost obsolete. Plates more slender 
than in g-punctata, triangular at base, narrow and parallel beyond with 
their rounded apex not attaining the tip of the pygofers. 

Colour and markings substantially as in 4¢-punctata: Yellowish 
festaceous, marked and clouded with fuscous. Sutures of the face, apical 
disc of the clypeus, an oval mark on the front, a longitudinal line from 
the basal angle of the front.continued over the vertex and to the apex of 
the scutellum, four spots on the pronotum—two near the apex, and two at 
the humeral angles—a dot on the vertex against the eye and another on 
each ocellus, fuscous-brown. ‘Two round spots on the vertex, two more 
on the disc of the pronotum posteriorly, and the antennal pits, black. 
Pectoral pieces and legs more or less clouded with brown. Elytra 
fuscous with pale nervures. Abdomen more or less fuscous or even 
black in some males, the genital pieces pale. 


The colours are paler in the females. Sometimes the fuscous markings 
are almost obsolete above, but the four black spots on the vertex and pro- 
notum seem to be constant. 

New Jersey, Mississippi, Florida. Described from numerous examples 
received from Mr. Howard Evarts Weed, Prof. J. B. Smith, and others, 
This appears to be a common species in the Southern States, where it 
replaces A. ¢-punctata. 


4. AGALLIA UHLERI, 7. Sf. 


Allied to sanguinolenta but more slender. Pale greyish-brown tinged 
with yellow, especially beneath. Two round dots on the vertex, the basal 
angles of the scutellum and two oblique marks on its apical field, some- 
times continued forward as an interrupted median line, a cloud on the 
pectoral pieces, the tergum, its margins excepted, and sometimes the base 
of the vertex, black. Front brown, with pale lateral arcs, or pale with 
brown arcs. Elytra subhyaline, with distinct brown nervures. Front a 
little longer and narrower than in sanguinolenta. Last ventral segment 
of the female deeply and widely cleft, the lateral lobes rounded. Genital 
characters of the male about as in sanguinolenta. In deeply-coloured 
specimens the pronotum shows four longitudinal vitte, the apex of the 


92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





head has a brown cloud, the ocelli are rufous and some of the elytral 
nervures are broadly interrupted with white. Length, about 3 mm. 


Colorado, Arizona, California. Described from ten examples repre- 
senting both sexes. ‘This plain little insect I have received from several 
correspondents labelled Agad/ia venata, Uhl., and Agallia enervis, Uhl., 
and two highly-coloured examples from California came with the name 
Agallia longula, Uhl. The Californian material was received from Mr. 
Coquillett ; those from Arizona were from the Morrison Collection, and 
the specimens from Colorado I owe to the kindness of Prof. C. P. Gillette. 


Mr. Uhler’s M. S. name, vezata, would be appropriate fur this species, 
but it is too near the European venosa. The other names, exervis and 
Jonguda, are inapplicable to the more typical examples, so | have taken 
the liberty of applying to it the name of the well-known scientist who first 
recognized the species, 


5. THAMNOTETTIX ATRIDORSUM, 7. SP. 


Allied to Zh. inornata. Female: Pale yellow, washed with green 
above, especially on the pronotum and elytra. Beneath tawny yellow, or 
whitish on the venter; disc of the tergum, at least basally, the metaster- 
num and basal segment of the venter commonly, tip of the rostrum, sides 
of the oviduct and two spots, sometimes coalescing, on the middle of the 
apical margin of the last ventral segment, black. Elytra subhyaline, a 
little smoky at apex, in some examples quite strongly washed with 
greenish ; nervures strong, greenish. Wings hyaline, iridescent. Vertex 
produced and quite strongly angled before, length at the middle twice 
that next the eye and nearly equal to that of the pronotum; median 
impressed line distinct to beyond the middle. Front rather broad, show- 
ing about six pale brown arcs above. Clypeus scarcely widened toward 
the rounded apex, sides rectilinear. Cheeks obtusely angled and longi 
tudinally wrinkled externally. Eyes and antennal sete pale brown. 
Sides of the pronotum short, carinate. Last ventral segment long and 
narrow, sides regularly arcuated from the truncated apex to the. base. 
Length, 44% mm. 


Colorado. Described from three female specimens received from 
Prof. C. P. Gillette. This species is proportionately broader and shorter 
than Zh. inornata, the pronotum is shorter and more concave behind and 


~ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9: 


© 





the elytra are shorter and their nervures stronger than in that species. 
Two larger individuals (6 mm. in length), apparently not distinct from 
the above, are broader with a wider front and a shorter and more obtuse 


vertex. They are both femaies. 


6. ATHYSANUS SEXVITTATUS, 7. Sf. 


Form of A. comma nearly. Greyish, tinged with yellow, especially on 
the head. Vertex with the impressed median line brown; marked either 
side on the disc with transverse oblong brown spots ; apex polished, pale 
yellow with an elongated black mark on either side reaching over on to 
the base of the ‘front; ocelli pale with a blackish dash on either side. 
Pronotum with six longitudinal brown vitta and a few irregular marks. 
before. Scutellum with two discal dots, two basal spots, and sometimes 
a double cloud on the apical field, brown. Elytral areoles edged with 
fuscous ; nervures thick, soiled white. Front brown, its broad base and 
afew broken arcs pale; sutures of the lore brown. Tergum black at 
base, the sides and about four apical segments pale, the latter with two 
broad obscure longitudinal brown vitte terminating in a black spot either 
side on the large polished yellowish genital segment, or these vitte may 
become geminate by the intrusion of a longitudinal pale line ; sides of 
these pale apical segments with a row of black dots. Venter and disc of 
the valve dark brown ; connexivum, hind edge of the ultimate segment, 
edge of the valve, plates and pygofers, soiled yellow or clouded with 
dusky ; the pygofers with a large blackish cloud beneath toward their 
apex. Anterior and intermediate femora twice banded, and the posterior 
lineated with brown ; tibiae with brown dots. Vertex flat, edge subacute ; 
length on the middle one-third greater than that next the eye. Front 
segularly narrowed to the apex. Clypeus not widened apically. Prono- 
tum short, hind edge nearly straight, anterior edge feebly rounded. Elytra 
short ovate, reaching to the penultimate dorsal segment. Valve rather 
large, obtuse at apex ; plates oblong, widened at base, their apex trun- 
cated; pygofers large, blunt at apex, surpassing the plates. Length, 31% mm. 


Colorado. Described from two males received from Prof. C. P. 
Gillette. This species is most nearly allied to A. comma in most of its 
characters, but it has the colours and markings, almost, of odso/etus and 
extrusus. Only males are known to me. 


Q4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





THE LIFE HISTORY OF RIVULA PROPINQUALIS, GN. 
BY E. PORTER FELT, B.S., FORT PLAIN, N. Y, 


This rather common moth seems to have attracted little attention, 
though the larvee are voracious feeders. The moths may be seen flying 
over grass lands in the afternoon and early evening during June, July 
and August. They are attracted to lights but very little, only a few being 
taken in the trap-lanterns at* Ithaca, N. Y., in 1889. 


The moths deposit their eggs singly, or in scattered clusters of five or 
six. The eggs are a pale straw colour, and are firmly attached to blades 
of grass. ‘This insect does not appear to be very prolific: out of seven or 
eight females under observation, none laid over fifteen or twenty eggs and 
most of them laid only eight or ten. 

The eggs hatch in about five days. The larve escape from the egg 
by eating nearly around the upper surface of the shell and pushing up the 
lid thus formed. (Fig. 7.) 

The remains of the shell are not molested: 

When first hatched the larve are a pale yellowish 
colour and with long fuzzy hairs on the back ; the 
hairs are longer at the extremities and incline well 
over the head. The young larve begin feeding 
at once and soon they are a bright green colour. 
When not feeding the larvae remain quietly upon 
the surface of the leaf. In this position they har- 
monize so well with their surroundings that it is 
difficult to detect them, even when in plain sight. 
Frequently the best way to find them is to look 
for injuries to the grass. When very young the 
Fic. 7.—Latera’ and top view larvae feed upon the upper surface of the leaf, eat- 

of egg; the latter showing . 

the micropyle and the lid ing only the soft. parenchyma of the leaf. When 

that the larva forms as it s 

makes its way out of theegg. about two weeks old they greedily devour the 

Mica Meenas whole leaf. Besides eating considerable, the larvee 
also waste much by cutting leaves off as they feed. The larve rarely 
move except in search of food unless disturbed, when they usually drop 
to the ground. 

Larve coming from eggs laid in August moult three times before hiber- 
nating. When cold weather approaches the larve crawl down near the 








* The work upon which this paper is based was done at the Insectary of Cornell « 
University. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95 





base of a grass stalk and remain quiet till the warmth of spring arouses 
them. After their long exposure and fast, their colours are perceptibly 
duller and the body is much shrunken. ‘The larvze soon regain their normal 
size and colouring. In the spring there are at least two moults. The 
larvee pupate the laiter part of June. The pupa state lasts about five 
days. The pupe are bright green, striped with white. They lie in loose 
white cocoons, which are attached to blades of grass. 


The moths that emerged the latter part of June laid eggs. The iarvee 
from these eggs completed their growth about July 13, and July 20 a 
second generation of moths emerged, the round of life being completed 
in thirty days. It is probable that a third generation occurs in the month 
of August. At least it is possible and in harmony with what is known, 
because the moths are quite common in August, and there is no evidence 
to show that the moths live more than two weeks. 


£gg.—A pale straw colour ; form an oblate spheroid ; short diameter, 
.36 mm.; long diameter, .42mm. There are numerous ridges ; micropyle 
complex. (Fig. 7.) 

Larva, first stage.—Head diameter, .2625 mm.; body diameter, .1875 
mm.; length, .9375 mm. Head cream coloured; body a pale yellow. 
There are several rows of minute tubercles on the body, and from each 
tubercle a light-coloured hair grows. The hairs are longer at the extremi- 
ties of the body, and give the larve a fuzzy appearance. ‘There are five 
pairs of prolegs, occurring on the seventh to tenth and thirteenth segments 
inclusive. ; 


Larva, second stage.—Head diameter, .3875 mm. The body is more 
hairy and the colour a deeper green. 


*Larva, third stage-—Head diameter, .6875 mm. The body is a 
bright green, and the hairs are relatively shorter than in the preceding. 


Larva, fourth stage-—Head diameter, .849 mm. The larva has two 
prominent dorso-lateral ridges, which are marked with white stripes. 

Larva, fifth stage.—Head diameter, 1.2 mm. Markings the same as 
in the preceding. 

Larva, sixth stage —Head diameter, 1.8 mm. ‘The larva has two 
narrow creamy-white subdorsal stripes in place of one broad one; hairs 
dark coloured. 


96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Pupa.—Length, 9 mm. Colour bright green with two white stripes on 
the dorsum, extending from the head to the tip of the abdomen. 


Cocoon.—Very thin, loose and white. 





NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF ARGYRIA NIVALIS, DRURY 
BY E. PORTER FELT, B. S., FORT PLAIN, N. Y. 


This moth was rather common at Ithaca, New York, in 1892 and 7893. 
The moths fly in the afternoon and early evening of the latter part of 
June and most of July. They are attracted to lights to some extent, but 
those taken are mostly males. The eggs are laid in clusters upon blades 
of grass. They are firmly attached to the leaf, and the five or six ina 
cluster over-lap more or less. 


The eggs hatch in ten or twelve days. The young larve were placed 
in a cage containing grass, clover and considerable moss. They soon 
disappeared, and subsequent observation proved they had constructed 
cylindrical nests in the moss. The nests were composed of bits of moss 
and were smoothly lined with silk. Some of the nests were perpendi- 
cular, others were horizontal. The larve devoured all the moss before 
any perceptible amount of grass was eaten. After the grass was eaten 
they began on the clover, and soon not a green thing was left in the cage. 


When about a month old the larve are 2. cm. long, and their nests are 
three to four centimetres long. At this time the nests are mostly above 
the surface of the ground. There seem to be no indications of more 
than one generation a year. They probably hibernate 
in their nests as larve, and in the spring complete the 
round of life much as do some species of Crambus. 

i fgg.—Yellowish-white, flattened, oval, 1.2 mm. by 
34.87 mm. Shell finely reticulated. (Fig. 8.) 





Boo 


& Larva, first stage.—Head diameter, .33-mm. ; body 
ye diameter, .27 mm.; length, 1.65 mm. Head and thoracic 
ch | shield jet black. Body a straw colour with a broad 
47 transverse carmine stripe on the fifth and seventh seg- 
ments. Spots of the same colour occur on the eleventh 
and twelfth segments, and also just above each pair of 
& legs. Five pairs of prolegs, occurring on the seventh 


Ee as nla, to tenth and thirteenth segments inclusive.. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Q7 


PREPARATORY STAGES OF CATOCALA RETECTA, GROTE, 
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL. 


Egg.—Diameter, .035 inch by .o2 inch high. Low conoidal, so much 
flattened as to be somewhat lens shaped, ribbed longitudinally with 37 
striae, 18 of which reach the micropyle, the strie marked transversely 
with shallow cross striz. Colour, dull olive. Duration of this period, 
221 days. 


Young larva.—Length, .13 inch. Of the usual shape, that is 
cylindrical with the head broader than the body, and the first two pairs of 
prolegs short and not used in walking. Pale-yellow or brownish-yellow, 
the anterior part of the body darker than the posterior, head and top of 
joint 2 dark brown. Duration of this period, 5 days. 


After first moult.—Length, .20 inch. Same shape as before. Head 
and a small place on the top of joint 2 black. Body pale dull-green ; 
three reddish purple stripes or lines on each side ; piliferous spots small, 
a short gray hair from each one. Duration of this period, 6 days. 


After second moult.—Length, .35 inch. Body striped with alternate 
stripes of white and purplish-black, three white lines on each side outside 
of the dorsal stripe, this stripe being made up of a narrow line each side 
of a more or less clearly defined blackish centre. The white on the sides 
in lines about a third as wide as the dark, all greenish tinged. Head 
black, with no markings unless it be indistinct mottlings at the upper part ; 
piliferous spots small, black ; venter sordid white with black spot in the 
centre of each joint. Duration of this period, 8 days. 


After third moult.—Length, .65 inch. Of the usual shape, a slight 
fringe on each side. Colour dark ; three stripes on each side and one 
dagsal, made up of two black lines enclosing a pale centre that is ‘com- 
posed of a pale lilac-gray line with a central broken black line, the dorsal 
line containing very little of the central black ; the stripes separated from 
each other by a narrow light stripe that is slightly creamy, with a little 
pale lilac mottlings in places, the light stripe lighter than the light lines in 
the dark stripes ; a stigmatal stripe that is made up of the ground colour 
of the venter mottled with black, though not heavily ; venter sordid white 
with a black patch in the centre of each joint ; lateral fringe white, not 
very heavy ; head black, with a few whitish lines that do not reach the 
apex, some of them broken ; legs pale, mostly pale reddish, the anal and 
last prolegs darkest. Duration of this period, 5 days. 


98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





After fourth moult.—Length, .85 inch., Marked and striped as 
before, but the lines broken into dots, and the light a pale green in the 
pale stripes and a pale greenish-lilac in the darker stripes ; head with no 
green ; joints 2 and 13 with very little green ; fringe more copious, about 
15 to each joint on each side ; head about as before ; piliferous spots pale 
orange, the posterior pair of dorsals to each joint more or less black, 
these on the posterior part of the body wholly black, while on the anterior 
part of the body only a part of each spot black ; the lateral spots similar. 


Duration of this period, 6 days. ~ 


After fifth moult.—Length, 1.25 inches. Striped with dorsal, supra- 
stigmatal and substigmatal pale, and subdorsal and stigmatal dark stripes, 
the ground colour a pale whitish with a slight greenish tinge ; the dorsal 
stripe is made up of two broken purplish-black lines that make a series of 
ellipses, the whole stripe making from one to two ellipses on each joint, 
and in these ellipses there is a broken line of purplish-gray outside the 
general black line; the separation between the stripes is a broken purplish- 
black line, that is much broken into dots in pale examples and less so in 
dark ones.. The make up of the suprastigmatal stripe is two dark broken 
lines alternating with three broken pale ones, this scarcely distinguishable 
in the paler forms ; piliferous spots orange, a brown hair from each ; head 
striped with black and sordid white; venter white, with black patch on 
each joint. Duration of this period, 6 days. 


After sixth moult.—Lenth, 1.90 inches. Ground colour pale green, 
rather dull, with a slightly pinkish tinge over joints 5 to 8 and the anterior 
half of 9 and a little over rr to 12. General colour rather a dark gray ; 
stigmatal and subdorsal stripes and the central part of the dorsal mottled 
with black, with broken black bordering lines, the black in dots and 
elongated dots that easily group into rows ; central part of suprastigmatal 
like the dorsal only not quite <o distinct black, each with a row outside 
the central black of dull reddish that is between a reddish-brown and 
purplish-red ; substigmatal stripe with a dark lower part and a paler 
upper part containing its reddish line ; joints 2 to 4 and posterior part of 
g and anterior part of 10 with all the mottlings black, so that these 
parts are darker than the rest of the body, especially is this the case with 
joints 9 and 10; posterior part of joint 12 slightly elevated ; piliferous 
spots, dorsal and part of upper row of lateral red with whitish tips, the 
others mostly whitish with a little red at base ; head with a black stripe 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99 








from above the antenne and eyes one each side to the apex where it is a 
little more purple, mottled slightly with whitish, the rest of head dull dark 
lilac with whitish stripes that are as usual moniliform, with a dull 
purplish-orange stripe across these on the apex ; venter white with a black 
patch in each joint ; fringe rather copious, whitish with a faint lilac tint. 
These characters will answer for the mature larva, with the addition that 
at the time of pupating it was 2.50 inches long. Duration of this period, 
21 days. 


Chrysalis.—This is of the usual shape of the genus. Length, 1.10 
inches ; diameter, .34 inch; length from head to end of wing and tongue 
case, .70 inch, these extending to posterior part of joint 5; cremaster 
slender, ending in two small hooks, with a few more small ones at the 
base. Colour chestnut-brown, covered with a white powder. Duration of 
this period, 28 days. 


The eggs were obtained September 11, 1892, from a moth in confine- 
ment, one of the darkest of the forms of Retecta. Two were carried 
through to the imago state and produced moths that were not so dark as 
the parent, though not quite so light as some of the lightest forms, about 
half way between Refecta, as Mr. Hulst describes it in Buffalo Bulletin, 
vol. 7, page 53, and his Zuctuosa. In Can. ENT., vol. 24, page 19, I 
have referred to these two forms, stating that I regarded them as only one 
species from my observations of them in the field. My raising inter- 
grades from the dark form shows that they are identical. The fact is the 
early fresh specimens are a combination of the light form and intergrades 
with some dark forms, while later as they become worn the dark forms 
predominate. I want to say again that A/ebz/is is not a variety of Retecta, 
butea smaller species and an insect of different habits from Refecta, 
although feeding on the same food-plant. I have taken hundreds of them 
and have never seen one grading towards Aefecta. In fact it is one of 
our most constant species. 


The total period of the preparatory stages of Refecta were 306 days, 
but this would of course vary with the deposition of eggs of different ex- 
amples in the woods. The food-plant is hickory. The one described 
through its changes emerged July 22, 1893. My field notes record the 
capture of Fefecta in 1892 from August 5th to September 24th, which 
will give a fair range of its appearance here. 


+ 
100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





NOTES ON PIERIS AND ANTHOCHARIS. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 


After reading Mr. J. W. Tutt’s note on page 47 of Can. Enr., I have 
looked over many of our species of Pieris and Anthocharis with the fol- 
lowing result :—Our genus Pieris is probably entirely pure and congeneric 
with the European, The majority of our species of Anthocharis are con- 
generic with Euchloé cardamines, as figured by Mr. Tutt, but some species 
are different and should be removed from the genus. I have not ex- 
amined seven of the species given in Prof. Smith’s list, but those which 
I have seen separate in synoptic form as follows :—Mr. Tutt’s nomencla- 
ture of the veins differs from that in use here, as will be seen by a com- 
parison of my figures (Figures 9 and 10) of Anthocharis sara with the 
figures on page 47 of Can. Ent. 


$1. Fore-wings with 11 veins. 
Veins 6 to 8 on a stalk; vein 9 absent; veins ro and 11 arising from 
discal cell. 
Vein 8 very short—nearly absent. 
Pieris monuste, P. beckerit, 
P. sisymbri, P. occidentalis, 
P. protodice, P. napi vars. 





hulda, oleracea and venosa, 
P. rapa, Nathalis tole. 


Vein 8 moderately long. 


ae a 
~ 
SS ae 





Fi4. 9. 


Leophasia menapia, Tachyris ilaire. 
Anthocharis lanceolata, A. cethura. | 
Veins 6-10 on a stalk ; vein 9 absent; vein 11 from discal cell. 
Anthocharis genutia. 
§2 Fore-wings with 12 veins. 
Veins 6-10 on a stalk ; vein 11 from cell. 
Anthocharis ausonides, A. olympia. 
A. coloradensis, A. hyantis, A. creusa [1]. 
Veins 6-9 on a stalk ; veins 10 and 11 from cell. 


Anthocharis creusa [2], A. sara, A. julia, A. Morrisoni, A. stella. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101 


NOTES ON PARNASSIUS CLODIUS. 
BY JOHN B. LEMBERT, YO SEMITE, CALA. 

After a journey of ten miles over snow and snowbanks from four to 
eight feet deep, I arrived in the latter part of June, on my summer and 
fall collecting ground on the Fuolumne Meadows, which lie on the edge 
of the area wherein the high Sierra species of Lepidoptera are most 
numerous. The Parnassius was one of the first I began to collect, as the 
butterflies had just commenced to issue, and were flying in the grassy 
and shaded timber-covered portions of a rocky side hill slope. After they 
were out a day or so they began to settle down on flowers to feed, and 
were then less difficult to catch. The first day I only caught three, and 
kept on adding a few more to that number every day. Towards three 


and four p. m. they camp for the night on low bushes and a low growing 
sedge (Carex filifolia) and rise only when disturbed by ants or the collector 
on his return towards camp. I have in this way taken a great many 
females. On the 6th of July a 9 aftera hard chase up a rocky elevation 
lit on the sand and walked upon a Phlox cespitosa and deposited an egg ; 
she then flew to another and deposited an egg there also. I dug up both 
plants and put them in a box, placing the insect in same box, but when I 
got to camp she was missing. On July roth I secured an egg thata 9? 
laid on Carex filifolia. The same 9 attempted to oviposit on so slender 
a plant of Gayophytum diffusum that it bent backwards down on the 
ground, which caused her to fly on others with the same result. Shortly 
after I saw several 9’s do the same thing. One female being driven into 
‘a bush by a ¢, as soon as he left, she flew ina direct line to a large 
bouldér, and tacked an egg on its side. I marked the spot and secured 
the egg, only to be crushed before I got home the next day, and the one 
on the carex was also lost. Towards the latter part of July a ? took to 
ovipositing on the Pinus Murrayana burrs lying on the ground, and then 
on carex. Not being able to find the eggs on the burrs, I threw them 
away. Not long after another ? did the same thing, and finally alighted 
on a piece of rotten wood. After she flew away these burrs gave the same 
results as the preceding ones, and on the rotten wood I could see nothing 
but a small crevice ; but on breaking the crevice open I found the egg. 
This unravelled the mystery why I could not find the eggs on the pine 
burrs. 


102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, JAMAICA, W. I. 


On pp. 50-52 of the present volume of this journal, I described the 
new genus and species Ca/otarsa ornatipes, which I then supposed to be 
an anomalous syrphid. I am now convinced that it is a platypezid. At 
the time of writing the paper, which was sent in in the fall of 1892, I 
overlooked the ciliate alulae of the wings, the apical spur of middle tibie, 
and the similarity of venation with the Platypezide. 

I was led to place it in the Syrphidee from its extreme resemblance in 
structure and coloration to that family, the only venational character in 
which it was actually aberrant being the open apical cell. There is no 
doubt now, however, of its true position. Credit is due to Mr. Coquillett 
for suggesting to me zw Jitt. its affinities with the genus Platypeza, to 
which he referred it, at the same time raising the question as to whether 
it could be possible that the peculiar tarsal appendages were of extraneous 
vegetable origin. Iam very certain that the appendages of the hind tarsi 
are not of extraneous origin. They are exactly similar to each other 
on both the right and left tarsi. As to the validity of the genus, it is, 
barring the neuration, quite as unique as before supposed. It is much 
larger than any known Platypezide, which range from 11% to 3 mm., or 
at most 4 mm., and its colouring is quite different from what is usual in 
that family. It does not agree in the structure of its hind legs with 
Flatypeza, to which genus it most nearly approaches in venation. In 
FPlatypeza the femora, tibiz, and tarsi are evenly widened and thickened 
in the hind legs. In Cadotarsa the hind femora and tibiz are hardly at 
all widened or thickened, while the tarsi are greatly widened, flattened and 
winged. It is also removed from //atypeza s. str. in certain neurational 
and antennal characters, for which see description, and in the prominent 
hypopygium. It may be looked upon as a gradation between the two 
closely related families, the Syrphide and the Platypezide, clearly located 
in the latter but with a leaning in the direction of the Pelecocerini tribe of 
the former. 

NotTe.—Since writing the above, Prof. J. M. Aldrich has sent me 
drawings of the tarsi and wing of a similar species of Ca/otarsa, which he 
caught on a window at Brookings, So. Dakota. The specimen is a male, 
and less than 5 mm. long. From the drawings I believe it to be a distinct 
species. The venation is quite the same, except that the posterior branch 
of fourth vein does not quite reach the wing margin, which I am inclined 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103 





to consider a good specific character, following Schiner as Prof. Aldrich 
suggests. The tarsi differ in four main points: The third tarsal joint is 
not so widened ; the expanded base of the appendage of first joint is 
wider and shorter, not so narrowed ; the two black disks of appendage of 
third joint are not circular, especially the terminal one which is pointed- 
oval, and the membraneous expansion of the same appendage occupies a 
reversed position on the main stalk, being on the anterior side of it, 
instead of on the posterior as in ornatipes. It is to be hoped that Prof. 
Aldrich will publish the drawings of his species, together with a descrip- 
tion of it. 


NOTES ON NOCTURNAL LEPIDOPTERA. 
BY A. R. GROTE, BREMEN, GERMANY. 
AGROTIS ALBALIS. 


My types of aZbadis, now in collection Brit. Mus., belong to a western 
species showing a charactertistic white downy surface of the primaries, 
obscuring the ornamentation. My single type of cloanthoides in coll. 
Graef. belongs to a smooth-winged form with distinct, sordid or brownish- 
black Cloantha-like markings. It does not appear that a/badis has an 
European representative, while cloanthoides is not unlike Agrotis signifera, 
of which latter it may be the American representative. In his revision Prof. 
Smith unites a/bal/is and cloanthoides, apparently on the evidence of a 
worn example labelled a/éa/is in the Bailey collection, and which he 
claims to be really cloanthoides. Thus it seems that the a/balis of the 
revision is virtually cloanthoides, and Mr. Smith does not know in that 
work tht true a/ba/is. Ihave a recollection of the rubbed specimen in 
the Bailey collection which is labelled a/éa/is; but whether it is one of 
the original lot or whether I named it during a visit to Albany, I cannot 
now say. Probably the former, and that I did not recognize it as distinct. 
When I described a/baZis, I did not know yet cloanthoides, and so it might 
be that a worn specimen of cloanthoides, with the markings lost, might 
have been wrongly labelled by me, escaping special notice among several 
albalis. But now in the synonymic catalogue Mr. Smith has seen my 
types and the real a/dadis, and considers cloanthotdes as at least a good 
variety. In my opinion there is little doubt that the two are specifically 
distinct. Apparently Prof. Smith does not recognize colour as a character 
of a true variety, and when a form intergrades with the type he refuses 


104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the varietal name. So he will not recognize red specia/is as entitled to a 
varietal name in contradistinction with olive-coloured W7/sonzi, and yet a 
more glaring contrast in appearance can hardly be found. It is generally 
characteristic of varieties that they intergrade, and of species that they do 
not. Non-intergrading varieties would seem to be on the road to species. 


AGROTIS SEMICLARATA,. 


I believe, eventually, that this form will be found to represent a dis- 
tinct species from my A. vancouverensis. The hind wings beneath are 
distinctly half-pale Mr. Smith says: ‘The figure in the Illustrated 
Essay is very characteristic and recognizable, and renders determination 
easy. Butler says it is the 9 of vancouverensis, but I have seen both 
sexes of the form.” Well, if Mr. Smith has seen both sexes of semz- 
clarata, how can it be treated asa mere synonym of A. vancouverensis, 
Grt.? One would think that it must be a variety at least. I expect, in- 
deed, that time will show that vancouverensis (=agilis ?), semiclarata, 
clodiana, all three thrown together as one in the Revision, will prove to 
be, as I stated originally, three distinct species. In several cases its 
author has been obliged to change his decisions. This happens not un- 
frequently in this world when one has little consideration. 


AGROTIS DOCILIS. 


I had only a single 2 type of this species expanding 48 mil., from 
Professor Snow, Colorado. This is referred as a variety to perexcellens, 
Grt., in the Revision, p. 144. Prof. Smith says: ‘“ Docilis is based on 
a large specimen in which lilac predominates. ‘The fine series before me 
proves its identity with the normal form of perexce//ens in which the pale 
colours are gray and yellowish.” Ihave not the slightest hesitation in 
accepting this reference as correct. I say in my description: “ Large 
sized, resembling perexce//ens (etc.) in the markings. Lilac gray over 
blackish fuscous,” etc., Buil. Geol. Surv. VI., 259. I never had but the 
one specimen, and if a specimen of another species of Agrotzs bears the — 
label “ docidis” it is the result of accident, at the moment unexplainable 
by me. At the time, and just because I only had the one specimen, I 
had my doubts about its distinctness, but the colour was so different that 
I concluded I had to do with another species. Docz/?s should thus be 
referred as a colour variety of Perexcedlens. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 





NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA—V. 
BY ALEX. D, MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N.Y; 


In a previous paper there were given analytical tables to the genera of 
the families Aphorouridze and Poduridz ; in the present paper will be 
found a table to the families and a table to the genera of the Entomo- 
bryide. The Smynthuride and Papiride are each represented by a 
single genus. 

The families recognized can be separated by means of the ‘SilowiRe 
table :— ‘ 

Wo arenla® wanting) oases 3 Ge vn tliat eines»), 0s - | OP RIO: 

AA. Furcula present. 

B. Furcula attached to the ventral side of the antepenultimate ab- 

dominal segment......... eye . Poduride. 

BB. Furcula attached to oe ee! ie of ee t ersultinate abdominal 
segment. 

C. Abdomen elongate, cylindrical, much longer than broad.. 


..Lintomobs aie 

CC. ae anaes sisudine: but little Toei Visi Gree 
D. Terminal segment of the antenne long, ringed .....Smynthuride. 
DD. Terminal segment of the antennz short, with a whorl of hairs.. 
shee gs ayldh aoe Papiriide. 


EN'TOMOBRYID.T 


Antenne with from four to six segments ; eyes present or wanting ; 
postantennal organ wanting ; abdomen cyclindrical, much longer than 
broad ; tarsi with two claws; furcula always present, attached to the 
penultimate abdominal segment. 

A. Body naked or clothed with hairs. 

B. Antenne four-jointed. 





*Furcula is the name used by Tullberg for the ventral spring, the basal segment is 
the manubrium, the middle segment the dentes, and the apical segment the mucrones, 


+Schott describes the following new species from California, and adds several European 
species :-—Extomobrya nivalis, Linn, p. 16. £. multifasciata, Tullb.=D. decemfas- 
ctata, Pack, p. 17. &. marginata, Tullb, p. 17. Stra purpurea, Schott, p. 17. 
Drepanura californica, Schott, p. 19. Orchesella rufescens, Lub., p. 21. Jsotoma 
viridis, Bour. var. aguatzlzs, Lub. =/. tricolor, Pack, p. 22. J. palustris, Muller, p. 22. 
Also the following Poduridz and Aphorurida: :—Achorutes viaticus, Tullb., p. 23. A. 
armatus, Nic. =marmoratus, Pack, p, 23. Xenylla maritima, Tullb., p.24. Ltpura 
tnermis, Tullb,=Z. fimetaria, Pack, p. 24. 

Schott Beitrage zur Kenntniss Kalifornischen Collembola, Bihang Kongl. Svens, 
Vet. Akad. Hand. Bd. 17. Afd. IV, No. 8, pp. 1-24, 1891. 


106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 








C. With a single eye-patch on each side of the head. 

D. Third and fourth abdominal segments subequal above. 

E. Dentes not extending beyond the ventral tube... ./sotoma, Bourl. 

EE. Dentes extending beyond the ventral tube . Corynothrix*, Tullb. 

DD. Fourth abdominal segment three or four times longer than the 
third. 

E. Mucrones falcate, not with an anteupical tooth..Drepanurat, Schott. 

EE. Mucrones not falcate, with an anteapical tooth. 

F. Eyes arranged promiscuously, not in two straight longitudinal and 


four transverse rowS....................utomobrya, Rond. 
FF, Eyes arranged ae ie: in two straight longitudinal and 
four transverse rows. Ae me pe .. Salina, MacG. 
CC. With two eye-patches on keh ide of the néaet _ Sinella, Brooks. 
BB. Amennesix-joltted, <0. 0 oy ie aes « Oreneselia, emnps 


AA. Body clothed with flattened scales. 

B. Antenne four-jointed. 

C. Apical segments of antenne ringed. 

D. Eyes present, twelve, six on each side of the head. Zomocerus, Nic. 
DD. Eyes wanting. . i Sie tr ee MRC EE Te . Iritomurus, Frau. 
CC. Apical segments ‘om antennz Sainaie: not nwa. 


D. Eyes WAMU Bs SAR racyar oe aoe Laer eee he aoa OEE Lub. 
DD. Eyes present, sixteen, eight on each side of the head. 
E. Mesonotum simple, head exposed..................Seira, Lub. 


EE. Mesonotum projecting over the head and in part concealing 
1p OR cae MR Us oe ke CSUR lira Ie .. Lepidocyrtus, Bour. 


BB. Antenne five-jointed. 
C. Eye spot with a single ocellus ; apical segment of the antennz 


PETER sz Doosan elhebe SeAR, SUGpMie cole (ae 0 BM care tee eee ee 
CC. Eye spot with eight ocelli; apical segment of the antennz 
SUM E  clnhs eiic se’ wiatlecd calatimctintte = tbn'bs oyun pa OCU OME Pee. (VL ete a 








*Tullberg erected this genus for the reception of a species from Nova Zembla, C. 
borealis, Vullb. The characters separating it from /sofoma are certainly superficial. 


+As the description of this genus may be inaccessible to many, it is appended : 
_‘*Mesonotum non prominens. Segmentum abdominale quartum triplo vel quadruplo 
longius quam tertium, Antenne: dimidia parte corporis breviores, quadriarticulate, 
articulo secundo et tertio inter se fere aequalibus, quarto omnium longissimo. Oeelli 
16; 8 in utroque latere capitis. Pili clavati praecipue in regione cervicis et in seg- 
mentis apicalibus stipati. _Mucrones furculae parvi falciformes. Squamae? Type, 
Drepanura californica, Schott. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107. 


Salina*, gen. nov.—Eyes sixteen, arranged in two straight longitu- 
dinal and four transverse rows ; antennze four jointed, twice as long as the 
head, segments subequal ; tarsi with two claws ; third and fourth abdomi- 
nal segments unequal ; body naked. Type, Sadina Banksii, sp. nov. 


Salina Banksii, sp. nov.—Light olive ; a line between the antenne, the 
eye spot, a line down each side of the body, blackish-purple ; underneath 
olive ; antenne purplish, with a dark ring at the apex of the three basal 
segments, segments much lighter at base, hairy ; legs long, slender, light 
olive washed with purplish, densely covered with long bristles ; claws 
short, blunt, without teeth, inner half the length of outer ; tenant hair 
wanting ; furcula long, slender, white, bristly ; the mucrones small, divided, 
the upper part bowed, the end truncated, and with two notches, the lower 
rounded, ovate. Length, 1.25 mm. 


Habitat: Florida, (Nathan Banks, collector). 


Named after my friend, Mr. Nathan Banks, of Sea Cliff, Long Island, 
New York. 


Strongylonotust, gen. nov.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the 
head ; antenne five-jointed ; tarsi with two claws ; mesonotum projecting 
over the head; third and fourth abdominal segments unequal; body 
covered with scales. Type, Strongylonotus Summersii, sp NOV. 


Strongylonotus Summersit, sp. nov.—Head small, white, eye spot 
black; antennz long, slender, densely covered with long hairs, attached 
to the head at the apex of the eye spot, first and second segments sub- 
equal, white, third segment subequal to the second, much narrowed 
towards the apex, white, apex with a purplish ring, fourth segment sub- 
equal to the third, the basal half expanded, ovate, light purplish, the 
apical half dumb-bell shaped, with the sides distinctly hollowed out, 
black, appearing as a distinct segment, apical segment two-thirds the 
length of the fourth, black, basal two-thirds dumb-bell shaped, not so 
distinctly so as the apex of the fourth, apical third enlarged at base, 
pointed at apex, slightly incurved on the outside; side of the mesonotum, 
the most of the second and all of the third abdominal segments, and a 
broad band across the apex of the fourth, purplish ; legs long and slender, 








*Derived from the name of a village. 


t orpoyytAos, rotundus ; vwros, dorsum. 


108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





densely hairy, similar to those of Sa/ina Banksti, white, except the apex 
of the hind cox, and the hind femora, except at apex, purplish-black ; 
claws slender, outer one-fourth longer than inner, with two teeth, inner 
more slender than outer, without teeth ; tenant hair present ; abdominal 
segments unequal, first indistinct, second and third subequal, fourth eight 
or ten times longer than third; furcula white, long, stout, densely hairy 
beneath, reaching beyond the ventral tube ; manubrium broad, with a 
purplish stripe down each side, reaching about the middle of the fourth 
abdominal segment, with several spines at apex ; dentes about as long 
as the manubrium, smooth, lateral hairs twice the length of ventral, 
serrate beneath ; mucrones one-half longer than broad, with a stout ter- 
minal hook and a basal denticle. Length, 3.5 mm. 


Habitat: El Pilur, Venezuela. (Summers, collector). 


Named after Prof. H. E. Summers, of Champaign, Illinois. 


SMYNTHURID&, * 


The following table will probably be found useful in separating the 
species of Smynthurus. All the species are included except guadrisig- 
natus, Pack., which is not certainly known and not sufficiently character- 
ized to be placed from the description :— 

A. Abdomen not with a dorsai spine. 

B. Furcula not with laterally developed bristles. 

C. Abdomen not black with white spots. 

D. Fourth segment of the antenne not ringed. ...... minutus, n. sp. 

DD. Fourth segment of the antenne distinctly ringed. 

E. Fourth segment with six sub-segments......... hortensis, Fitch 

EE. Fourth segment with more than six sub-segments. 

F. Fourth segment with eight sub-segments....... errugineus, Pack. 

FF. Fourth segment with more than eight sub-segments. 

G. Fourth segment with nine sub segments. 


H. Size small; colour deep delicate roseate...........voseus, Pack. 
HH. Size moderate; colour black with lighter markings e/egans, Fitch. 
GG. Fourth segment with ten sub-segments........ ..@rvadis, Fitch. 


CC. Abdomen entirely black with four small dorsal white spots. 


(Ne Re RARE HN rc I beri OU ri NM IN RE ee 
*Schott adds the following :—Smynthurus eisenti, Schott, p.7. S. Meteus, Lub., 
p. 11. S, méger, Lub., p. 12, S. plicatus, Schott, p. 13. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109 





D. Head between the antennz wholly black. . guadrimacudatus, Ryder. 
DD. Head between the antennz black with 


fWor white spots i lal. ss... eesemmaculatas, Harvey, 
BB. Furcula with a row of long bristles on both sides of the dentes, 
PRCT ea WHE Whe ence, 4s e oenaeEs, MacG, 
AA. Abdomen with a dorsal spine..............-floridana, MacG. 


Smynthurus minutus, sp. nov.—Black and yellow; head yellow, 
except behind and the eye spots, which are black, black extending around 
on the side of the face below the eye spots; eye spot narrowly encircled 
with yellow ; on each side below the eye spot, three clear spots arranged 
in a transverse line; a black speck, ocellus-like, on the vertex between 
the antenne ; antennze reaching beyond the apex of the thorax ; basal 
segment black, globular, one-half the length of the second ; second seg- 
ment subequal to the third, yellow, petiolate at base, naked ; third seg- 
ment about one-half the length of the fourth, enlarged at middle, yellow, 
with a few scattered hairs ; fourth segment yellow, blunt at tip, moderately 
hairy, not ringed ; thorax black, except a small part of the sternum, which 
is yellow ; legs short, stout, yellow ; claws short, outer claw about as long 
as the tibia is broad, sinuate beneath, with a single tooth, inner claw two- 
thirds the length of outer, broad, stout, with a single tooth above ; three. 
tenant hairs present ; abdomen black, except a yellow spot on the under- 
side of the anal tubercle, naked, except a few bristles on anal tubercle ; 
furcula slender, slightly hairy beneath ; manubrium reaching the middle of 
the anal tubercle ; dentes subequal in length to the manubrium ; muc- 
rones one-third the length of dentes, simple, pointed, with a slight hook at 
_ apex, with a high power appearing very finely serrate. Length, 1 mm. 


Habitat : Ithaca, New York. 


Collected by Mr. R. H. Pettit under pieces of wood in a plant jar in 


the University Insectary. 
PaPIRIID&.* 


Papirius purpurescens, sp. nov.—Blackish purple ; head between the 
antenne washed with yellowish, second segment of the antennze (remain- 
der wanting) and the claws white or transparent; the remainder of the 
body, including the entire furcula, blackish purple; basal article of the 
antenne very short, one-third the length of the second ; legs long, slender, 








*Schott adds a single species, Papirzus macilosus, Schott, p. 14. 


110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


hairy ; claws short, stout, outer broadly rounded, with two teeth, one at 
middle, the other at base, inner claw nearly as long as outer, more 
slender, with two bristles at tip; tenant hairs present ; abdomen slightly 
hairy, more abundant at apex, anal tubercle with a few scattered fringed 
clavate hairs ; furcula long, slightly hairy above ; manubrium extending 
half its length beyond the apex of the abdomen, stout ; dentes subequal 
to the manubrium in length, narrowed beyond the base ; mucrones one- 
fourth the length of the dentes, apex blunt, slightly serrated at middle 
Length, 3 mm. 

Habitat: Sea Cliff, Long Island, New York. (Banks, collector). 

Readily recognized by the purple legs and furcula. 

Papirius olympius, sp. nov.—Reddish, spotted with dark brown, in 
young specimens purplish; eye spot black; vertex covered with stiff bristles; 
a longitudinal brown band extending from the back of the head to the 
eye spot, another in the middle of the vertex, extending down the middle 
of the front ; antennz nearly as long as the body, purplish, hairy, basal 
segment light at base, dark at apex, one-fourth the length of the second, 
second one-half the length of the third, third segment slender, with seven 
sub-segments at apex, fourth segment with six sub-segments ; abdomen 
and thorax with two sinuate brown bands on each side of the dorsum, the 
middle ones meeting at the apex and base of the thorax, and on the basal 
half of the abdomen, also a band extending from this basal transverse 
band of the abdomen along the middle of the back towards the head, 
bilobed in front, a triangular spot just before the apex of the abdomen: 
and promiscuous mottlings on the side, brown ; body covered with broad 
flattened hairs ; legs long, slender, spiny, reddish ; claws long, outer three 
times as long as the tibia is broad, with two teeth, inner two-thirds the 
length of outer, with a hair at apex reaching beyond the apex of the outer 
claw ; tenant hair wanting ; furcula slender, long ; manubrium short, two- 
thirds the length of the dentes ; dentes with a row of long hair-like spines 


along each side of each member ; mucrones about one-fourth the length 
of the dentes, serrate beneath. Length, 2-3 mm. 
Habitat ; Olympia, Washington. (Kincaid, collector). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. LEE 





BOOK NOTICES. 


THE INTER-RELATION OF INSECTS AND FLoweRs.-—During the last 
eight years there have appeared from the pen of Mr. Charles Robertson, 
of Carlinville, Ill., several most interesting articles on the inter-relation of 
insects and flowers. The titles are as follows :— 


Botanical Gazette. 
1886. Notes on the pollination of Asclepias. 
1887. Insect relations of certain Asclepiads. 
1887. Fertilization of Calopogon parviflorus. 
1888. Effect of the wind on bees and flowers. 
1888. Zygomorphy and its causes: I—III. 
1889-93. Flowers and insects: I—XI. 


Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 


1889. Synopsis of North American species of Oxybelus. 
1891-93. Descriptions of new species of North American Bees. 


Trans. St. Louis Acad. of Science. 
1891, 1892. Flowers and insects: Asclepiadacee to Scrofulariaceze.— 
Umbelliferee.—Labiate. 


Mr. Robertson began in 1886 to study the visits of insects to flowers, 
and by his persevering observations he has succeeded in collecting an 
enormous number of facts which he has published mostly in the Botani- 
cal Gazette, and in the Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Science. 
He has studied the subject especially from a botanical point of view, and 
has given particular attention to the attractions offered to insects by the’ 
flowers of different species of plants, to the peculiarities of arrangement 
of their different parts, to their coloration, and to the modifications which 
many flowers seem to have undergone from their being constantly fre- 
quented by certain species of insects. Such studies have nevertheless an 
immediate bearing on entomology, as they give us at the same time an 
insight into the purposes of insects in visiting flowers, into their habits of 
feeding and collecting either nectar or pollen, or both at once, and into 
the intelligence they display in order to attain their end ‘The close 
attention thus necessarily given to insects has had besides the natural re- 
sult of causing Mr. Robertson to discover that many of those insects 
which he was observing in his locality, Carlinville, Ill., had not even been 
described. Therefore, he found it “necessary at first to pay particular 


112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


attention to collecting and determining the insects.” He was helped in 
this work by specialists in Diptera and Coleoptera, and had himself to 
work out and describe many species of Hymenoptera: to out of 14 
species of Oxybe/us, 28 out of 30 of Andrena, and at least 30 other 
species of Andrenide. The descriptions of these have appeared in the 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1889-1893. 


The two great agencies of cross-fertilization of flowers are the wind 
and insects ; hence Mr. Robertson has thus been led to notice some in- 
teresting facts concerning the effect of wind on bees and flowers. (Bot. 
Gaz., XIII, 1888, p. 33). 


The first papers by Mr. Robertson are on the pollination of Asclepias, 
the flowers of which are most interesting in their peculiar adaptation for 
cross-fertilization by the agency of insects. Their structure and the great 
difficulty the smailer insects have in effecting pollination, lead Mr. 
Robertson to believe that ‘‘bumble-bees have had most influence in 
modifying the flowers, and they are the most common visitors after the 
hive bees. Hive bees, it is to be remembered, do not belong to our fauna.” 


Our space is too limited to allow us to follow the writer into what he 
has observed in all the different orders and species of flowering plants 
studied ; but the names of all the insects observed visiting the flowers 
are given, as well as tabular data of the respective number of visitors of © 
the different classes—Hymenoptera, Diptera, J.epidoptera, Coleoptera 
and Hemiptera. 


As an instance, it may be mentioned that on the flowers of Ceanothus 
Americanus there were seen 48 species of Hymenoptera, 45 of Diptera, 2 
of Lepidoptera, 13 of Coleoptera, and 4 of Hemiptera ; and considera- 
tions are given, as in the case of all other blossoms treated of, on the 
arrangement of the flowers, their form, colour and other peculiarities of 
structure, some of them exceedingly minute, in which close and patient 
observation often succeeds in discovering most wonderful purpose and 
design for insuring cross-fertilization. These investigations are of great 
interest, and we commend them to the attention of Entomologists and 
Botanists as a fertile field of useful special study. Our idea in mention- 
ing these excellent articles of Mr. Robertson’s is to draw to this subject 
the attention it deserves from Entomologists, who from their p!ace of 
publication might not be aware of their existence. 


J. A. GUIGNARD AND J. FLETCHER, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 113 





BUTTERFLIES FROM CHINA, JAPAN AND Corea. By John Henry Leech, 
B, Asp BieLsS., 2c. In. parts, 4to,. 642 pp.,43, Plates; R. H. Porter, 
London, Dec., 1892—Jan., 1894. 

The fifth and last part of the letter-press of Mr. Leech’s work has just 
been issued, and is accompanied by the statement that five plates of 
Hesperiidz and a supplemental plate will shortly follow, completing the 
work. Presumably, these plates will be accompanied by the letter-press 
of the title page, preface, and index, with which the work will be ready 
for the binder. As to the typography of the book, it must be said that it 
leaves nothing to be desired. The paper is luxuriously heavy ; the type 
is beautifully clear and large ; and the text conspicuously free from errors 
of a minor character, such as occasionally appear even in the most care- 
fully edited works. ‘The scholarship and taste of Mr, Leech and his 
accomplished secretary, Mr. Richard Scuth, are reflected in the execution 
of the literary portions of the work. The plates, which are from drawings 
by William Purkiss, and are executed by chromo-lithography by William 
Greve, of Berlin, are without doubt the finest examples of this form of 
work which have as yet graced any similar publicatiou. While a prefer- 
ence is by many accorded to figures lithographed and afterwards coloured 
by hand, and the most exquisitely perfect illustrations have been pro- 
duced in this way, and while the results of chromo-lithography as ordin- 
arily employed in scientific illustration have generally been more or less 
marred by striking crudities, these plates before us are most marvellous 
illustrations of the capabilities of the chromo-lithographic process, when 
employed by those who are masters of the art. The plates are almost 
perfect facsimiles in form and colour of Mr. Purkiss’s exquisite drawings, 
_and the student of Chinese and Japanese lepidoptera may well rejoice 
upon having at his command such an infallible guide to specific identity 
as is found in these beautiful illustrations. The only adverse criticism 
which the mechanical and typographical execution of the work admits is 
on the score of the bulk of the letter-press which will necessarily be 
bound up in one volume. The heavy paper employed results in the pro- 
duction of a book which as a manual of reference promises to be some- 
what uncomfortably “ fat.” 

The title of the book indicates the consciousness of the author that 
in our present state of knowledge any effort to deal with the lepidop- 
terous fauna of the great regions covered by this work must at best be 
attended by imperfections. There are wide areas in China in which little 


114 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 


or no attempt has yet been made to make collections, and it must neces- 
sarily be many years before it can be asserted that our knowledge of the 
faunistic resources of Central Asia is complete. In his classification, Mr. 
Leech follows the order now almost universally recognized by writers in 
England and on the continent as most natural. He erects, so far as the 
writer has been able to observe, no new genera, and while giving usa 
large number of new species, appears to have pursued a conservative 
course in this regard, which is to be commended. ‘To the student of 
Asiatic lepidoptera, the work is simply indispensable, and will remain a 
lasting monument of the energy and scientific accomplishments of its 
learned and enthusiastic author. W. J. HoLuanp. 





Science Gossip. New Series: Vol. I, No. 1, March, 1894. London: 
Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. 

After the lapse of a few months the old established and deservedly 
popular magazine, ‘“‘ Hardwicke’s Science Gossip,” re-appears under the 
above title, with a change of editor and publisher, but, we are glad to 
find, with no serious change of plan or scope or style. The new editor, 
Mr. John I. Carrington, was for thirteen years editor of the London £x- 
tomologist, and also connected for a long time with the /ve/d newspaper 
as a contributor to its Natural History Department ; he has associated 
with him a long list of able assistants, and we may feel every confidence 
that the new series of the magazine will be as useful and entertaining as 
any of the preceding volumes. The first number now before us contains 
many interesting papers, including two on entomological subjects : British 
Dragon-flies and Roosting Butterflies, the latter with two pretty illustra- 
trations. We can heartilycommend this publication, and trust that many 
of our readers will subscribe to it and receive a monthly store of delight. 


MYRIAPODES DES ENVIRONS DE GENEVE PAR ALOIS HUMBERT. Genéve 
et Bale: Georg & Cie, 1893. 

We have to thank M. Henri de Saussure, the editor and publisher of 
this posthumous work, for this handsome addition to the library of our 
Society. It is a quarto volume, well printed and illustrated with a 
portrait of the late M. Humbert, and fourteen beautifully executed plates 
of Myriapods and their structural details. To any one interested in the 
study of these rather neglected creatures, this work must be perfectly in- 


valuable. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115 





Eicutu REpPoRT OF THE INjfURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE STATE 
or New YorK FOR THE YEAR 1891. By J. A. Lintner, Ph. D., 
State Entomologist, Albany, 1893. 

Anything published by Dr. Lintner is sure to contain much valuable 
information and to be highly interesting, whether the subjects treated of 
are new to us or-not. The report before us fully supports this statement. 
It treats of a large number of insects, injurious or otherwise, and gives in 
most cases a life history of each, including the author’s own observations, 
which are always accurate and clearly detailed. Attention may especially 
be drawn to the accounts of the Raspberry Geometer/( Syxchlora glaucaria ), 
the Birch-leaf Bucculatrix (B. Canadensisella), and the Pear-midge (Dép- 
losis pyrivora). An appendix contains some very interesting popular 
lectures on Economic Entomology, which are well worth perusal. The 
only drawback to the report is the late date of its publication, which is 
more than two years after the observations recorded in it were made. 


REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BoTanisT (James Fletcher, F. R. 
S. C., F. L. S.), Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, 1894. 

Mr. Fletcher’s reports are always interesting and valuabie, and the 
present record of the chief insect attacks of last year and his observations 
upon them, is not less so than its predecessors. ‘The season of 1893, as 
far as destructive insects were concerned, was only remarkable for the 
sup2rabundance of locusts (grasshoppers) and the consequent damage in- 
flicted upon oats and many other field and garden crops. Other attacks 
were for the most part of the familiar kinds which we have always with 
us ; thece are briefly mentioned in the report, while more attention is paid 
to the serious injury caused to grain crops in Manitoba and the North- 
west by cut-worms, the ravages of locusts, granary insects at the Chicago 
Exhibition, the Horn-fly, etc. Very interesting accounts are also given 


of Silpha bituberosa, which attacks vegetables in the Northwest Terri- 
‘tories, and Polyphylla decemlineata, which was very injurious to shrubs of 
various kinds in a nursery at Victoria, B. C. 

In the botanical section of the report there are two papers especially 
noteworthy, those, namely, on grass for the protection of shores and 
harbours, and on the ‘“‘ Tumble-weeds” of the Northwest. The pamphlet 
is illustrated by a handsome full page picture of Mr. Fletcher’s grass plots 
at the Experimental Farm, which are full of interest to every visitor, and 
thirty wood-cuts. It is gratifying to observe how steadily the author’s 
reputation is growing, and how highly his work has come to be appre- 
‘ciated from one end of the Dominion to the other. 


116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








CORRESPONDENCE. 


GENERA OF THYSANURA. 

Sir,—The recent changes in the generic names of Thysanura (Vol. 
XXV., Pp. 313 et seq., vol. xxvi., p. 54) suggest a few comments. 

Lipura and Anoura are changed because preoccupied in Mamma- 
logy. Ido not find these names in Flower and Lydekker’s recent work, 
and it may be that they do not represent valid genera of Mammals. But 
on p. 314, Mr. Macgillivray states that both Anurophorus and Adicranus 
have for their type Podura fimetaria, which belongs to ZLigura, Burm. 
Why, therefore, is the new name Afphorura proposed for Lipura, when 
two names, neither apparently preoccupied, already exist ? 

Anoura, it appears, had also been used for a genus of Echinoderms. 
previous to the publication of the Thysanuran genus. 


Triena had been used three times before the genus of Thysanura. 
was named, so it will doubtless have to be changed, as Mr. Grote indi- 
cates. But can the name Macgi//ivraya be used? I find in Scudder’s. 
Nom. Zool. a genus JAlacgillivraya, Forbes, 1851, belonging to the 
Mollusca. 

What is the date of Zubbockia, Haller? Apparently 1880. But I 
find in Scudder’s work a genus Lubbockia, Claus, of Crustacea, dating 
from 1862. T. D. A. CocKERELL, New Mexico Agric. Exp. Station. 

Errata.—Can. Ent., p. 32, line 4, for PRosopopHaRA read BProso- 
popHorA. Can. Ent., p. 36, line 6, for ‘‘the ridiculous” read “be ridiculous.” 
Can. Ent., p. 38, line 22, for Coleopterous read Coleophora. 


CALOTARSA ORNATIPES. 


Sir,— Professor Townsend has been misled by certain resemblances in: 
referring his new genus Car/otarsa (Can. Entom., XXVI., p. 50), to the- 
Syrphide, where it certainly would be an anomalous form. It belongs 
among the Platypezidz, and is apparently synonymous with /latyfeza, 
though it may be new. The family receives its name from the peculiar 
structure of the tarsi, There have been three genera with terminal arista 
described from North America belonging among the Syrphide—Ceria,. 
Pelecocera, and Callicera. (See Snow, Kans. University Quarterly, Vol.. 
I., Part I., 1892). S. W. WILLISToN, Lawrence, Kansas, Febr. g, ’94. 


Mailed March 31st. 


Th ean Hay Fantom logtst. 


VOL. XXVI ‘LONDON, MAY, 1894. No. 5. 




















BUTTERFLIES COMMON TO NORWAY AND ARCTIC 
NORTH AMERICA* 


BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. 


In his ‘‘ Fortegnelse over Norges Lepidoptera” (Christiania Viden- 
skabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger for 1893, No. 13), Dr. W. H. Schoyen, 
State Entomologist of Norway, has given us a list of 1267 species of 
Lepidoptera that inhabit his country, tabulated to show the Provinces in 
which they occur, and the exact latitude over which each species is known 
to be distributed. The interest which this list posesses for the American 
entomologist is in the number of species it contains that are common to 
both countries. As studies of this nature are of much interest to the 
student of geographical distribution, but unfortunately out of the reach 
of many, I here give a list of such species as occur with us, their distri- 
bution being given both in America, as far as I am able to do so, and in 
Norway according to the information contained in Dr. Schoyen’s list. 


It will aid us considerably in understanding the subject, to keep in 
mind an idea of the topography of Norway, stretching as it does from 
lat. 58° to 71°, and throughout this distance consisting of a narrow stretch 
of country lying between a mountain range and the Arctic Ocean. 
Northward from about 62° 30’ the provinces extend from the sea inland 
to the mountains, but south of this a range of mountains extends through 
near the centre with provinces lying both to the east and to the west. 


Papilio machaon, Linn. This is the only species of the genus in- 
cluded in the list, and occurs in all but six of the eighteen provinces of 
Norway, ranging from the extreme south at lat. 58° to 70° 18’, the un- 
occupied area, however, being the central and the very extreme northern 
parts of the country. In North America, var. A/iaska, Scudder, is quite 
common in Alaska, from whence it extends eastward to Hudson Bay at 
about 51° 30’, though I find no proof of its holding this latitude to the 





*Read before the Ohio Academy of Science, Dec. 28, 1893. 


118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Pacific Coast. P. machaon has been reported as far south as the north- 
western United States, probably about lat. 48° or 49°, by Dr. Hagen and 
Prof. Henshaw. 

Pieris rape, Linn. This is found in ten provinces, thus covering a 
less area than the preceding, and ranging from 58° to 69° 30’, or from the 
extreme southern to within one and one-half degrees of the northern 
extremity. In America it extends from the Atlantic Coast to the Rocky 
Mountains, and from about lat. 30° to 48° and possibly beyond. 

Pieris napi, Linn., (cum v. nepe@, Esp., and bryonie, Ochs.) This 
has a still wider range in Norway, occurring its entire length from 58°. to 
71. and in all but one of the provinces, this being Stavanger,-at the 
south-west and coastal. With us, dryonie is found from Alaska east- 
ward to Newfoundland. In his recent work, ‘“‘ Brief Guide to the Com- 
moner Butterflies of the Northern United States and Canada,” Mr. S. H. 
Scudder has considered this species under the specific name o/eracea, 
Bois., of which he says: This northern species occurs throughout all but 
the southern parts of our region, though in scanty numbers except in 
mountainous districts ; it appears, however, to be absent from the prairies 
west of the Mississippi river, and wherever it has come in contact with P. 
rapa, it has become relatively rare. Prof. French calls my attention to 
napi being given in Mr. Edwards’s list of 1884, from Michigan, and Prof. 
Blatchley has since recorded it from northern Indiana, about lat. 41°, 
which is probably about its southermost limit, east of the Rocky 
Mountains. 


Colias paleno, Linn., (v. Lapponica, Stg.) This is almost as widely 
diffused in Norway as is the preceding, occurring in all but four of the 
provinces and ranging from 58° to 70° 25’. It is rather a curious fact 
that provinces where it is not recorded as occurring, Stavanger, South 
Bergenhus, North Bergenhus and Romsdal, all lie in the south-western 
part of the country, along the coast, while inland it is found in precisely 
the same latitude. With us C. pa/eno is found in Labrador. 


Colias hecla, Lef. The Norway distribution of this species is limited 
to three provinces, Nordland, Tromso and Finmarken, the range being 
from 66° 50’ to 70°, these provinces being the three northernmost. In 
North America the species is distributed from Alaska to Greenland, its 
southern boundaries being as yet undefined. In case C. Meadii and C. 
edis should either one prove to be varieties of C. Aecla, then Mr. Thomas 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119 





E. Bean’s record of its occurrence at Laggan, Alberta, 51° 25’, will be 
the southern limit on the Pacific coast for the latter, while the former 
extends to Colorado, at least so far as we now know. 

Vanessa antiopa, Linn. This is recorded as occurring 58° to 70, 
and in all but two of the provinces, Stavanger and North Bergenhus, on 
the south-western coast and included in the area over which Co/éas hecla 
is reported not to inhabit. However, as the two provinces are separated 
by South Bergenhus, in which the species is recorded as being present, 
we are led to suspect that it may yet be found in one or both of these 
now unoccupied provinces. With us the species occurs throughout North 
America. : 

V. atalanta, Linn, Dr. Schoyen records this from eleven provinces, 
and ranging from 58° 38’ to 63° 26... With us this is as widely distri- 
buted as the preceding. 

V. cardui, Linn. This, in Norway, occurs in two-thirds of the 
provinces, and ranges from 58° to 69 40’. In America it is as generally 
distributed as the preceding, In Norway the area where it is not 
recorded comprises the south-west coast provinces. 

Argynnis chariclea, Schn. This appears to occur in only a single 
and at the same time the most northern province, ranging only from 
69° 20’ to 70° 42’.. In America, it ranges from Labrador, Hudson Bay 
and Gulf of St. Lawrence on the east, to probably about lat. 51° 25’ on 
the Pacific Coast, no where, according to Mr. Edwards, extending into 
the United States. 

_ A. polaris, Boisd. This has in Norway a very little wider range than 
the preceding, occurring in only two provinces, Tromso and Finmarken, 
and covering area between 69° and 70° 25’. In regard to the distribution 
of this species in North America, the only records to which I have access 
give the habitat as Arctic America, Greenland and Labrador. 

A. freija, Thbg. The Norwegian range of this species is much wider 
than that of the preceding, occurring, as it does, in eight of the eighteen 
provinces, and over an area extending from 59 35 to 70 25’, being 
absent in the extreme southern and also the extreme northern portions. 
Of these ten provinces where it is not recorded as occurring, one is 
located in the central (coastal), three south-eastern (inland), two southern 
(one coastal and the other adjoining inland), two south-western 
(coastal), and two western (coastal), and presumably the extreme north 
coastal part of Finmarken, the northernmost territory of the country. In 


120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





America this species is considered as synonymous with A. freya, Thunb. 
With us it occurs from Alaska to Labrador and westward to the Rocky 
Mountains, which range it follows southward to Colorado, about lat. 39. It 
is probable that in southern Norway it is also confined to the mountain 
regions. 

A. frigga, Thbg. Dr. Schoyen’s list restricts this to four provinces— 
Akershus, Buskerud, Tromso and Finmarken. The first two are northern 
coastal, the last two southern inland. The range is from 59 56° to 
70° 40’. With us it is recorded as inhabiting Arctic America and 
Labrador, and from Alaska south along the Rocky Mountains to 
Colorado. 


Erebia disa, Thbg. This is recorded as inhabiting but two pro- 
vinces, Finmarken and Nordland, the former the northernmost and 
the latter in the central portion of the country, the two being separated 
by the province of Tromso. The range is limited to from 66° 50’ to 70. 
In America, we have the variety mancinus, Db-Hew, which appears to be 
quite common in northern Alaska, whence it extends to the Rocky 
Mountains in British America, with the southern limit not yet defined. 


The idea of giving the latitude of the occurrence of species is, it 
appears to me, much better than giving the name of some out-of-the-way 
place that is not included on even a smali portion of our own maps, to 
say nothing of those to which entomologists of other countries have 
access. The name of the place is all well enough, but where the latitude 
can also be given it will render the statement as to location much more 
intelligible, both at home and abroad, and this too despite any variation 
in the matter of isothermal lines. 


TRYPETA SOLIDAGINIS, FITCH, AND ITS PARASITES. 
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC. 


In April of last year I found on the banks of the Ottawa River, at 
Como, Province of Quebec, a number of very fine stems of a species of 
Golden-rod. These stems were bare and dry, and bleached by the winter 
storms. Their attraction for me lay in this—nearly every one of them 
was burdened with a fine large Trypeta-gall. On some of them two such 
galls were to be seen, I measured one of the excrescences, and found it 
to be three inches and five-eighths of an inch in circumference. The 
galls cf the same kind that I have found at Quebec have not been nearly 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121 





so large nor so abundant. I took a number of the Como galls home with 
me, and in due time obtained a good supply of perfect specimens of 
T. solidaginis from them. 

The species is very fully described by Loew in his “ Monograph of 
the Diptera of North America,” Part I., p. 82 (Smithsonian Miséellaneous 
Collections, April, 1862). To those who have not access to this work, the 
following brief description of the insect may be acceptable :— 

Size.—Expanse of wings, eleven-twentieths of an inch. Length of 
body, six-twentieths. Width of thorax, two-twentieths. 

fTead.—Face, whitish. Eyes, bronze-yellow. Antenne, yellow, short. 
Mouth-opening wide. 

Thorax broad and convex, set with short yellowish. hairs, has dark- 
brown longitudinal stripes. Scutellum, convex and blunt. Wings, large, 
umber-brown at the base, and then having an umber-brown, zig-zag, 
scroll-like band ; the hyaline interstices being finely reticulated, more or 
less, with brown. The legs are flavescent—the femora being somewhat 
darker. 

Abdomen broad at the base, and then gradually tapering to the ex- 
tremity—the segments being marked with short, whitish hairs. The 
borer of the female is very distinct. It is flat, of a reddish-brown colour, 
and tipped with black. 

The gall produced by this insect 4s a pithy gall—it is filled up with the 
cellular tissue of the plant. Why the wounds caused by some insects 
should produce galls of this nature, and those caused by others should 
produce hollow galls, is one of the mysteries of Nature that science has 
not yet cleared up. 

In the Trypeta gall, the short, plump, yellow larva lies snugly en- 
sconsed, closely surrounded by the vegetable tissues. It gradually 
tunnels a way of exit for the fly; and then, as the spring draws near, 
undergoes the pupal change. The pupa is about five-twentieths of an 
inch long, oval, ochreous, but darkening to brown at the head. This 
brown portion is ruptured when the fly makes its escape. 

I have raised from the galls two kinds of parasites, viz :—Eurytoma 
gigantea, Walsh, and the males (called by Walsh, Pimpla celebs) of 
Pimpla ingutsitor, Say. 

Eurytoma gigantea is a very remarkable insect. It is described by 
Walsh in the 2nd Vol. of the ‘‘ American Entomologist and Botanist,” p. 
300, from two females “ captured at large.” 


122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





The specimens I have vary greatly in size. The largest of them 
measure five-twentieths of an inch in length, with an expanse of wings of 
seven-twentieths. . 

Head, biack, deeply and closely indented (like a thimble) and set 
with short white bristles. Eyes, round, prominent and set high up in the 
head. Ocelli very small. Antennze g-jointed (8 in the flagellum). Walsh 
gives the proportions of the joints very accurately as 14, 3, 6,5. 5, 4, 4, 
4, 6. Palpi black. 

Thorax, black, more coarsely punctured than the head. Wings hya- 
line, veins honey-yellow, Legs, black—the hindmost and middle pairs 
have the knees and extremities of the tarsi yellowish-white ; the first pair 
have the tibiz and tarsi honey-yellow. 

Abdomen, in the female, large, compressed laterally, and ending in a 
long spur turned upward ; black, smooth and polished. 

The male, which was unknown to Walsh, differs from the female in 
these respects :—It is smaller ; the joints of the antennz, with the excep- 
tion of the scape and the terminal joint, are more nearly equal ; the tibie 
of the first pair of legs are considerably infuscated ; and the abdomen is 
rounded, and diminishes regularly. Around the extremity of the abdo- 
men are some white bristles. The head and thorax are coarsely punctate 
as in the females, and the abdomen is polished and glabrous. 

It was too late when I obtained the galls to find the larve of 
E. gigantea ; but I discovered severai pupz. They occupied the cells of 
the Trypeta larve, and were at first of a pure white waxen appearance. 
The form of the fly was clearly outlined in them. They gradually dark- 
ened till the flies were ready to appear. 

Concerning this species, Mr. G. C. Davis, of the Michigan Agricul- 
tural College, writes to me, “‘ I am quite sure the chalcid is Zurytoma 
gigantea, although it varies slightly in colour markings. 

Pimpla inguisitor, Say. The male of P. imguzsitor (P. celebs, Walsh, 
Trans. St. Louis Acad., III., 141) is a very elegant insect, slim and 
graceful. Its length is three-tenths of an inch; expanse of wings, five- 
tenths ; length of antennz, two-tenths. J/¢ has a white face, in which it 
differs from the female ; and the palpi are white. The first joint of the 
antennz is black and much larger than the other joints, which are dark- 
brown. ‘The other parts of the head are black, rough and thickly set 
with short whitish bristles, as are also the thorax and abdomen. 

The first and second pairs of legs are orange-red, with whitish tarsi. 
The third pair have the femur orange, with black at the extremity. In 
this pair the tibia and tarsus are beautifully banded with black and white. 

I obtained ro males from about 50 Trypeta galls, but not one female— 
the females, however, are not scarce in these parts. At least half the 
galls were parasitised by the foes above described. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123 





SOME NOTES ON THE COLLECTING SEASON OF 1893. 
BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON. 


After the long, steady and severe winter we had in this locality, every 
one hoped for an early spring ; but in that we were disappointed, things 
generally being no further advanced at the end of May than they usually 
are in the middle. June came in warm, but with such continuous rains 
as to prevent collecting to any extent. Towards the end of the month 
the weather became more favourable and insect life appeared in profusion; 
belated species mingling with some that seemed to have emerged before 
their time. During the first three weeks of July one might have collected 
all day and night with profit, and as that was impossible, one could see 
that opportunities were being lost which only occur now and again after 
long intervals. August was hot and very dry, which seriously affected 
vegetation and had a correspondingly injurious influence on autumn 
collecting. 


Of the Diurnals, the most notable to me were, Zemenitis ursuda, quite 
plentiful but difficult to secure; Preris o/eracea, abundant in one locality; 
Papilio cresphontes was reported in July, and during August it was fre- 
quently seen. On the 8th, I took a trip to Windsor and Detroit. On 
the way I saw many fine fresh specimens feeding on flowers by the way- 
side. At Windsor and Sandwich, several were observed, but at Belle 
Isle they were numerous. I saw six of them feeding on one flower-bed 
at the same time. It was about the only large butterfly on the wing there 
at that time. Toward the end of the month battered specimens were 
seen on the streets of London. On the 26th, I captured three broken 
‘ specimens that had been flitting about a prickly-ash bush in Mount 
Pleasant Cemetery. On the 17th of October, I found a number of larve 
on that same bush, and took three of them. On the artst, the largest of 
them pupated, the others perished for want of food. I visited that bush 
on the 2oth, the larve remaining had about doubled their size, but had a 
greasy look ; there had been some hard frosty nights. On the r3th of 
February, 1894, that pupa gave forth the imago, a female, extremely 
small, measuring three inches in exnanse of wing, and one and three- 
fourths from the front of the head to the end of the tail on hing wing. A 
number of reports have been published of the appearance of cresphontes 
last summer in new localities, or in increased numbers in old ones, indi- 
cating that it is spreading north and west and becoming more firmly 


124 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOIGST. 





established where it has obtained a foothold ; but it may be periodical in 
its habits, and 1893 may have been with it also an exceptional year. 


In the Heterocera, I secured several good things which I had never 
taken before. <Acronycta grisea, a single specimen, and there was but 
one example of it in the Society’s collection. Xy/omiges confusa, a single 
specimen ; ofthis also there was but one in the collection, and that in 
very poor condition. 


On the 31st of August, whilst strolling in a bit of woods to the east 
of the city, I saw a conspicuously bright gray moth resting on the trunk 
of atree. Upon close inspection it proved to be new to me. When I 
removed it from the spreading-board I compared it with what I thought 
it most resembled, but the nearest approach that I could find to it was 
Platycerura furcilla. Shortly after I had occasion to examine the 
D’Urban collection, and whilst doing so my attention was arrested by a 
specimen labelled Aude/a acronyctoides, which recalled to mind my new 
moth, and upon comparing them they were found to be identical, except 
in freshness. Mr. Grote in his notes on the D’Urban collection (CAN. 
Ent., Vol. IX., p. 27), remarks: ‘‘The specimen is in poor condition, 
but its ornamentation being marked, the species is quite recognizable.” 
‘hat is a correct description of it as it is to-day, and my find is a fresh 
and perfect duplicate of the type, and a really handsome insect. Prof. 
Smith says in reply to my enquiry : ‘‘ Audela acronyctoides is by no means 
a common insect ; on the contrary, it is decidedly rare, and there are only 
a few specimens known in collections. It has been taken in a number of 
localities, always single specimens only, and generally very early in the 
season.” 


Some of the late Geometers were quite abundant. From the rgth to 
the end of August I secured about twenty Semiothisa caesaria, Hulst. I 
found them resting on the trunks of tamarac trees, whilst later on 
Petrophora truncata was quite plentiful. In the early part of October I 
took over three dozen “pirrita dilutata, Bork. On the gth I secured 
twenty-seven of them on the same trees from which I took the Caesaria. 
The day was cool, and they sat close ; being very conspicuous objects, I 
secured in about an hour’s time all I saw of them, except one; it was 
sitting on the sunny side of a tree and arose as I approached it, when a 
Phoebe bird gave chase and had it before it could reach another resting 
place. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125 


Lindropia duaria and Ellopia fervidaria, although appearing every 
season to some extent, were also unusually plentiful, and some dark 
coloured and heavily marked forms of them were obtained. 


Although the season was not uniformly good throughout, yet it proved 
in the end to be one of the best I have had in many years. 


The following names are new to the Canadian list :— 


Sarrothripa Lintneriana, Speyer. Determined by Prof. Fernald, was 


sent to him by me in mistake as a micro. 
G@demasia nitida, Pack. 
Dasylophia interna, Pack. 


Panthea propinquilinea, Grote, or sp. nov. This specimen I took in 
1892. I thought at the time that it was an indistinctly marked P. fur- 
cilla, but upon further investigation I concluded that it required authorita- 
tive determination, so I sent it to Prof. Smith, who returned thé specimen 
with the following remarks about it :—‘‘ No. 37 is exceedingly interesting 
and is somewhat different from anything that I have ever seen before. It 
comes nearest to Demas propinguilinea ; but I never saw before one quite 
so well marked as this is. All the specimens from this region are a good 
deal more powdery and darker with very little contrast in maculation. I 
would not be at all surprised if a good series of both species would prove 
the Canadian form distinct.” 


Hadena vulgaris, G. & R. 


Oncocnemis viriditincta, Smith. This is a species that I took a few 
specimens of at Hamilton, many years ago, It was given a name pro- 
visionally and placed with the named material. I had known for long 
that it was out of place, but forgot it when sending for names. So to 
avoid that again, I placed a specimen with the unnamed material, and it 
went to Prof. Smith, with others, in December last. When the Professor 
sent me the names of the others, he pronounced this one to be an 
“ oddity,” saying “It reminds me of some West Indian species,” and 
suspected that it must have been a transient visitor. But upon assuring 
him that I had taken four of them, that I had seen more of them than I 
captured, and that they were not all taken in the same year, and on send- 
ing to him a male specimen for further examination, he wrote to me thus : 


126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





*‘T find on a study of the specimen this time received, that it is an On- 
cocnemis, and further it looks remarkably like a species which I received 
from Mr. Bean, from McLean, British Columbia, and which I called viri- 
ditincta from the beautiful greenish tinge of the scales covering the sur- 
face. Looking at this specimen to-day I find that this greenish or mossy 
appearance is rapidly disappearing, and that in an old specimen I can 
understand that there will be little or none of it to be seen.” Whilst 
farther on he remarks: “It is certainly somewhat interesting and peculiar 
that you should have found at Hamilton the same species under what it 
seems to me must be widely different conditions. The matter is of 
further interest because this makes the second species of this genus which 
has been found in what may be called the Eastern States, all the others 
coming from the western plateaus or from the mountains.” As a coinci- 
dence, I may state that the three or four specimens of Oxcocnemis Saun- 
dersiana which I have taken were secured in the same locality, and also 
eeding on the Golden-rod. 


Hydrecia inquesita, G. & R. 4 
Semtothisa caesaria, Hulst. 
Pyrausta futilalis, Led. 
Cacecia semiferana, Walk. 
Lophoderus martana, Fern. 
Tortrix pallorana, Rab. 
Cenopis diluticostana, W\sm. 
Exartema versicolorana, Clem. 
Penthina impudens, W\sm. 
Sericoris albiciliana, Fern. 
Semasta radiatana, W\sm. 
Phoxopteris apicana, Walk. 

et Goodelliana, Fern. 


Cryptolechia obsoletella, Zell, 


~ 
/ 


THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLUGIST. Ue 





NOTES ON SOME SCALE INSECTS OF THE SUB-FAMILY 
DIASPIN. 


BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEX. 


The following notes are intended to throw further light on the affini- 
ties of certain little-known species, which I have lately examined :— 

(1.) Chionaspis major, Ckll.—Found on Heliotrope at Antigua by 
Mr. C. A. Barber. The 9 resembles that of Déiaspis /anatus, but may 
be distinguished from it without difficulty. There is only one pair of 
lobes, and these are very large, elongated, and crenate on both sides ; 
they touch one another at their bases, but diverge toward their tapering 
extremities. There is a small spine near the outer edge of each lobe. On 
the margin beyond the lobes are three spine-like plates, then a shallow 
notch, then three more plates, then another shallow notch, then a series of 
from five to eight spine-like plates, mostly large, one especially so. The 
produced margins of the segments cephalad of this bear spine-like plates, 
the first counting from the caudal end having nine, the second 5, the third 
8, the fourth 4 or more, the fifth 4 or more small ones, and the sixth only 
rudiments. 

This insect is not allied to the common West Indian Chionaspis, C. 
minor, Maskell, but belongs to the group of C. sa/icis, L., etc. The scale 
is about 4 mm. long, oval, white with brownish exuvie. 


(2.) Diaspis cacti, Comst. n. syn. opuntie (opunticola), Newst., Ent. 
Mo. Mag., 1893, pp. 188, 280. 

Mr. Wickham has sent me some specimens found in a greenhouse at 
Iowa City, Iowa (coll. M. F. Linder), which lead me to advance the above 
synonymy. ‘They present all the characters of cacf7, and in addition the 
numerous “spinnerets or pores,” and the elongated pores, which form the 
specific characters of opunticola. I cannot believe that there is a distinct 
species, D. cacti, resembling the present one in all other respects, but 
lacking these pores, and must assume that Comstock’s description was so 
far imperfect. My variety opuntie (Journ. Inst. Jamaica, Vol. I., p. 256), 
from Jamaica, looks different owing to the much paler exuvie (paler, no 
doubt, because less exposed), but I can see nothing to distinguish it as a 
species from cacti. It has the pores of opunticola. 

Mr. Newstead’s scales differed also a little in colour from typical 
cacti, so that three colour-mutations may be distinguished thus :— 


(t.) Exuvize not strongly contrasting with scale, . = ofuntie, Ckll, 


128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





(2.) Exuvize strongly contrasting. 

(a.) Scale grayish-white or greenish,. . . . = cacti, Comst. 
(b.) Scale pale yellowish-brown,. . . . = ofpunticola, Newst. 

The mut. opunticola is from Demerara. | 

I quite expect that D. cacti will itself prove to be a synonym of D. 
calyptroides, Costa. The colour character given by Comstock will not 
hold, as I found D. cacti v. opuntie had the ? sometimes (in February) 
orange, sometimes pale yellow. The other characters, of the grouped 
glands, are surely also variable. 

(3.) Aspidiotus fimbriatus, (Maskell). Syn. Déiaspis (?) fimbriata, 
Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1892 [publ. 1893], p. 208. Found on 
Eugenia in Australia by Mr. Koebele. 

Mr. Maskell has kindly sent me specimens, and I am convinced that 
the species belongs to Asfidiotus, and in that genus to the group of A. 
nerii, destructor, &c. This reference is borne out by the scale, and also 
by the terminal portion of the female, which is quite unlike that of any 
Diaspis known to me. The somewhat elongate form of the female is not 
of any generic significance, or at all events, cannot be considered to out- 
weigh the structural characters of the terminal portion, which are entirely 
those of an Aspfidivtus. Unfortunately th: male scale is unknown. 

(4.) Aspidiotus dictyospermi, Morgan. ‘There is an Aspidiotus which 
I found on Cycas at King’s House, Jamaica, and Mr. Campbell found 
abundantly on stems of rose at Castleton Gardens in the same island, that 
is apparently identical with Morgan’s dictyospermi. The scales look like 
those of A. aurantii, but the shape of the female is as in the majority of 
the genus, which will distinguish it at once from either awrantz or ar- 
ticulatus. 

The colour of the ? is pale yellow. 

The terminal portion of the 9 agrees weil with dictyospermi. There 
are three pairs of lobes, the middle pair much largest, and notched witb- 
out, the second also notched, the third very small. Between the lobes 
are scaly plates. Cephalad of the third lobe, the margin presents a pair 
of elongated plates, though not so long as in Morgan’s figure of dictyo- 
spermi. Beyond these are two small plates. There are conspicuous 
elongated sacs near the bases of the lobes, somewhat after the manner of 
A. mimose and A. smilacis. The anterior lateral groups of glands are of 
about three each, the posterior lateral of two. . 

The scale is red-brown, with covered exuviz to one side of the centre, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 129 





first skin nipple-like, shining. In regard to the scale, our insect does 
not very well agree with Morgan’s account of dictyospermt, but there may 
be variation in this respect ; in fact, Mr. Newstead has already indicated 
that there is, by describing the peculiar variety avecw. It may be con- 
venient also to distinguish the present form by a name, jamaicensis ; so 
the varieties of A. dictyospermi can be tabulated thus :— 

(1.) Scale elongate-oval, greyish-white, . . = dictyospermi, Morg. 

(2.) Scale circular or nearly so, reddish or orange-brown. 

(a.) Nipple-like prominence surrounded by a depression, 

beyond which is a strong circular ridge,. —= arece, Newst. 
(b.) Without any conspicuous depression or 

Pag ey 6) a eet se, Cao eos es faemaicensis, GAM 

On examining the form jamaicensis, one can see the characters which, 
if much more developed, would give rise to arecw ; and there can be no 
doubt that if it should become necessary to make two species out of the 
above forms, they will be @ictyospermi and arece, with jamaicensis as a 
variety of the latter. 

A. mangifere, Ckll., from jamaica, has a pale scale, more like that of 
typical dictyospermi; its affinity with dictyospermi is evident, and I 
should not be surprised if it ultimately becomes necessary to sink it 
under that species as a variety. Mr. Maskell, however, to whom I sent 
specimens of mangifere, wrote that the species appeared to him to be a 
valid one. 

There is another scale insect, which in the female presents an extra- 
ordinary resemblance to A. dictyospermi, and that is Diaspis pinnulifera, 
Maskell, found in Fiji and Demerara. But the form of the male scale, as 
‘described by Maskell, will at once separate this from any Asfidiotus. 

(5.) Aspidiotus punice, Ckll.—Jn. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 255. The 
typical form of this species has the scale slightly raised, snow-white, with 
orange-brown exuvie. The @ is almost circular, plump, orange with the 
hind end slightly brownish. In the orange, plump @, it resembles speci- 
mens of A. rapax found on guava. The median lobes are large and 
elongate, close together, and notched without ; the second pair is small, 
the third practically obsolete. In the region of the lobes, but not beyond, 
are some scale like plates ; and beyond the rudiment of the third lobe is 
a conspicuous spine. The margin, beyond, shows one or two spines. 
There are four groups of ventral glands. 

In the specimens on cocoanut from Dominica (the type being from 


130 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 





Jamaica) the second pair of lobes was also practically obsolete. The 7, 
from Dominica, has well-developed wings ; it is dull yellow, with blue- 
black eyes. 

So far, the species is distinct and easily recognized ; but ee are some 
allied forms, concerning which it is not easy to come to a sound judg. 
ment ; I will discuss these under the head of 4. diffinis. 

(6.) Aspidiotus affinis (difinis), Newstead. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893) 
pp. 186, 280. This is evidently very near to pumice, but it differs in its 
high, convex, greyish-brown scale, and in the absence of plates and 
grouped glands. The presence of grouped glands has been shown by 
Mr. Newstead to be an uncertain character in A. zonatus, Frauenf., and 
I have found it equally so in A. destructor, Sign., but the other distinctive 
features seem of importance. 


There is a scale found in Jamaica, which I had named in MS. Aspi- 
diotus punice var. lateralis, but which I now believe must be referred to 
difinis.. The following description will serve for its recognition :— 

@ Scale r mm. diam. or a little over, convex, rounded, circular, or 
nearly so, varying to oval, dull brownish-white, varying to brown, with 
covered brown exuviz, resembling those of Aunica, but placed away from 
the centre. Scale leaving a white mark when removed from the plant. 

@ Nearly circular, terminal portion yellow, the rest variegated pink 
and blue in a peculiar manner. The lobes and plates as in typical pumice. 

g Scale smaller, elongate with rounded ends and parallel sides ; ex- 
uvize away from the centre. 

Hab. on stems of Jasminum pubescens, Parade Garden, Kingston, 
Jamaica, Sept., 1892, collected by F. N. DaCosta. 

It will be seen that this var. /ateralis resembles difinis in the scale, 
but differs in having distinct scale-like plates. 

On atree in East street, Kingston, Jamaica (not identified, but has 
pinnate leaves, leaflets 13, oblique, tips obtuse, emarginate), I found 
numerous scales which seemed also referable to var. /ateralis. They 
were massed together on the petioles and stalks, mixed with a few 
Asterolecanium pustulans. The scales agree exactly with 4. difinis as 
described by Newstead, but most of them are parasitised, so that I could 
not get very good examples of the female insect. Little bright red mites 
were running about amongst them. The female, in this form, is bright 
yellow to pale yellow, not pink and blue as in the Jasminum specimens. 
The lobes are as in typical pwnice, and there are distinct, though narrow, 
serrate plates. I failed to see any groups of ventral glands, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PSt 








For the present, it will suffice to distinguish two forms of 4. dffinis, 
thus :— 
(1.) Plates wanting ; form inhabiting Demerara, — difinis, Newst. 
' (2.) Plates present ; form inhabiting Jamaica, . = J/ateradis, Ckll. 
Whether these really constitute a distinct species, or should be con- 
sidered varieties of punicw, must be left for future decision. The name 
punice was published about three montis before afiués, which pre- 
occupied name was later altered to dzfinis. 


(7.) A. biformis, Ckll. This scale seems to be common on cultivated 
orchids in Jamaica and Trinidad ; it should be looked for in conservatories 
in this country. 

Scale about 2 mm. diam., circular to broadly-oval, depressed, sur- 
face granulose ; exuvice nipple-like, dark red-brown, placed on one side 
of the centre. Colour of scale dark brown to black. 

Conspicuous white patches are left when the scales are removed. 

Y With three pairs of lobes, the first two pairs moderately large, 
well-developed, with parallel sides ; the third pair more or less rudimen- 
tary. Scale-like plates between the lobes. On the margin, cephalad of 
the lobes, is a pointed projection, having a spine on each side of it. 

&¢ Scales much smaller than those of the female, narrow, elongate, 
with the exuvize at one end. 

This species might be confounded with 4. ficus, but the form of the 
male scale wili distinguish it at a glance. 

(8.) A. juglans-regie, Comst. Prof. C. H. T. Townsend, when Ento- 
mologist of the N. Mex. Exp. Station, found a species of Aspidiotus on 

“some young plum trees at Las Cruces, N. Mex. The trees were there- 
upon destroyed, and the scale, which had evidently been imported, has 
not been seen in the neighbourhood since. 

Some specimens, however, were preserved ; and on examining them I 
concluded that they were 4. juglans-regie. Not having any of that 
‘species for comparison, I sent a few of the Las Cruces scales to Dr. 
Riley, asking for his opinion. He kindly replied thus:—‘ The specimen 
which you send differs from Comstock’s A. juglans-regie. It has four 
lateral rows of pores on the anal plate, while there are but three in Com- 
stock’s species. ‘The fourth or external row in the New Mexican species 
is composed of about 20 pores, whereas in Comstock’s it is composed of 
3 to 8 only.” 


In these points it resembles Colvée’s A. juglandis, which has the 


132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





four lateral rows of pores, and the external row composed of 16 to 18 
pores. 

A. juglandis is said to have the scale reddish, in the Las Cruces form 
it is brown, in juglans-regie pale grayish-brown. I have been much in- 
clined to suppose that juglandis and juglans-regie are but forms of one 
species, but have not the material to prove the point. If so, our Las 
Cruces scale must belong to the same species. 

For the sake of distinguishing our form, it may be well to describe it 
thus :—A. juglans regia var. NOV. prunt. 

9 Scale varying from very pale brown to decided brown, second skin 
sometimes dark brown. Exuvie apparently covered by a fine layer of 
secretion, mostly rubbed off in our specimens ; second skin large, broadly 
oval or sub-circular, not pointed ; first skin more or less exposed, orange 
Shape of scale circular or nearly so; diameter, 24% mm. 

2? Yellow, oval. Median lobes rather large, blunt and rounded, close 
together, notched outwardly. Second lobes smaller but of fair size, also 
notched outwardly. ‘Third lobes obsolete. Pairs of spine-like plates at 
intervals along the margin. Caudolateral groups of glands of from 5 to 7, 
cephalolaterals of from 6 to 7, median group represented by a single orifice, 

¢ Scale, colour of 9 scale, but smaller and elongate. 

Hab. on twigs of plum, Las Cruces, N. Mex., May 8. (Townsend.) 

I do not knowany species with which this might easily be confounded, 
except A. avcy/us, Putnam, which has a smaller scale, brick-red exuviz, 
and the second pair of lobes obsolete. 


Feb, 21.—I have just received specimens of Aspidiotus juglans-regia, 
Comst. from Prof. Morgan, of Baton Rouge, La. He sends it on peach 
and Japan plum, with the statement that eit is new in this section and is 
doing considerable damage.” 

Feb. 25.—Yesterday I found a new variety of Aspidiotus juglans-regie 
at Mesilla, N. Mex. :— 

Var. nov. albus. Scale flat, 244 mm. diam, white, with the exuviz 
orange-red, but covered by white secretion. 2 yellow, four rows of orifices 
marking the obliterated segments of terminal portion ; ventral glands 
present, median single, cephalolaterals 9, caudolaterals zo. Marginal 
spines and plates inconspicuous. On bark of pear trees, not very 
numerous. 

Should this hereafter be considerd a distinct species, the varietal name 
now given may stand for it ; but notwithstanding the white colour, which 
seems quite constant in the Messilla specimens, I have no doubt in my 
own mind that the insect is a variety of juglans-regie, with which it 
appears to agree in all really essential characters. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133 


oS SS ——=— — ees ess ——_—— 
+t. : 


A REPLY TO MR. W. H. EDWARDS. 
BY H, J. ELWES, COLESBORNE, CHELTENHAM, ENGLAND, 








I did not suppose that anything I wrote on North American Butter- 
flies was likely to find favour in Mr. Edwards’s eyes, but in a long criticism 
of my paper on @neis, which I have just seen in the CanapIAN EnrTo- 
MOLOGIST, there are two or three points on which he has so much mis- 
understood or misrepresented me that I cannot pass them by, as I shall 
do the greater part of his remarks, as unworthy of notice. 

As to the specific distinction of Cadlifornica, iduna and gigas, I could 
find nothing in Mr, Edwards’s own figures or writings to guide me in 
separating them, and now I only see that he relies on Messrs. Wright and 
Fletcher, as he has seen none of them in life himself. It is quite possible 
that there is as much variation in the larva as in the imago, and if there 
is any invariable character by which they can be known apart, I am just 
as ready to admit it as in the case of zval/da. Only I must wait for Mr, 
Edwards to show it, which he has not yet done, so far as I am capable of 
judging. 

Next, with regard to Uh/eri and varuna; I quite admit that one and 
the same species of (Eneis is not likely to fly on low, grassy plains and on 
alpine peaks, though I have taken both Parnassius smintheus and Erebia 
epipsodea in quite as dissimilar situations. But where did I say that 
varuna was found on alpine peaks? Kananaskis, though 4,000 feet 
above sea-level, is just such a grassy level valley in the mountains as 
Uhleri frequents in Colorado, and the elevation of 4,000 feet there is, 
with regard to timber line, equal to about 7,000 or 8,000 feet in Colorado— 
just the level at which Uh/eri seems most abundant. It is Uhilert, as Mr. 
' Edwards says, and so are the specimens found at other localities farther east 
in Alberta. If they have a difference sufficient to distinguish them it is 
for Mr. Edwards to define the range of both and give us something more 
definite than he has done as differential characters. 

Now we come to Zo Bvd. a name which I have ignored, because I 
cannot identify it certainly with any species. Mr. Edwards, having 
adopted the name on other people’s authority, feels bound, I suppose, to 
support it. But it is not consistent of him after doing so to refuse to 
recognize the much better evidence I have given for the identification of 
the name swbhyalina ; simply, as it seems, because he prefers to suppose 
that the type.is not really the specimen described by Curtis. He says 
that it was described sixty years ago, and “in course of sixty odd years 


134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





the chances are against the survival of any particular cabinet insect! It 
has a hundred enemies besides the possibility of accident. It is not an 
unknown thing for the owner of a collection of insects, when a type is 
destroyed, to attach the label to another example that seems near or 
pretty near the original.” Here, perhaps, we have an explanation of the 
reason why, as I have pointed out in my reply to his criticism on my 
paper on Argynnis (see Can. Ent., Vol. XXII., p. 150), I never got any 
help from Mr. Edwards in identifying so many of his types. But we do 
not so use our types in Europe, and there is not the slightest reason for 
assuming, as Mr. Edwards has done on the authority of an anonymous 
correspondent, that the type of subhyalina Curtis, is not the insect 
described by him. It happens that there was a label in what I believe to 
be Guénée’s handwriting to the effect that this specimen was the one 
described by Curtis; but suppose it was not, what ground has Mr. 
Edwards for applying the name of a species described from Arctic 
America (?) to a species now only known to occur on the high peaks of the 
Rocky Mountains of Alberta, and never re-found by any of the numerous 
Arctic expeditions which have been out since Ross’s time, and have 
covered a good deal if not all the ground covered by him. 

As to my @. Alberta, Mr. Edwards had better wait till he sees it be- 
fore saying that it is varuna. If he cannot distinguish it from varuna 
by the description, it only shows that either his or our description is bad, 
and how does he know that the one sent him by Mr. Fletcher was the 
same species P 

As to the identification of Mr. Fletcher’s supposed female of AZacouniz 
taken at Morley, Alberta, I can only say that there is no question what- 
ever of Mr. Fletcher’s veracity, only, how can you tell female MWacounii 
from female wevadensis ? I referred this very point to Mr. Scudder when 
he was at my house last year, and he looked at the specimens and _ said 
he could not say, but thought that it was just as likely to be one as the 
other. 

Lastly, Mr. Edwards says, and I quite agree with him, that the value 
of publications such as mine depends’‘much on whether the author is 
thoroughly acquainted with his subject ; and such acquaintance implies 
considerable experience as a lepidopterist and study of the forms he 
undertakes to speak of, etc., etc., and also an acquaintance with the be- 
haviour, habits of flight and localities of the species, either from persona! 
observation or reliable reports of thoroughly good observers, That is 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135 





just what I think, too, and I have made two journeys in the west, and a 
great many in Europe and Asia in search of this knowledge ; whilst Mr. 
Edwards, so far as I know, has never seen an (Eneis alive anywhere or 
any collection of them at all comparable with those I have seen and have 
studied specially before writing. 

As to his criticism on the value of the clasper I do not think he has 
any practical experience of the matter, but I will leave Mr. J. Edwards 
to answer him on that point :— 

**T desire to say something on so much of Mr.W. H. Edwards’s critic- 
ism above-mentioned, as relates to the employment of characters derived 
from the male genitalia and the comparative table, as these are the points 
with which I was more particularly concerned in the preparation of Mr. 
Elwes’s paper on Geis. 


“My business was simply to examine the material upon which the 
paper was based, and to ascertain how many kinds there were capable of 
definition with reasonable accuracy ; and I endeavoured to give expres- 
sion to those characters which separate any given kind from all the other 
kinds under review at that time, and to contrast these characters in a 
workable form in my ‘‘ Conspectus specierum.” The question of the 
soundness or otherwise of my work I am content to leave to the judgment 
of any competent students who may be disposed to make an honest 
attempt to determine described species of (Eneis by the characters there 
laid down. A comparative table may be very useful to many students 
without necessarily pleasing everybody. Mr. W. H. Edwards gives it as 
his opinion that characters drawn from the male genitalia are valueless, 
but I find in practice that they have a value equivalent to any other mor- 
phological peculiarity, and that value is, of course, in direct proportion to 
their constancy in a series of individuals. Perhaps the best statement of 
the exact value of these characters, so far as Lepidoptera are concerned, is 
that by Prof. John B. Smith in his Revision of Agrotis (Bull. 38, U. S. 
Nat. Mus., p. 7.), which I quote here as it is well worth reprinting :— 
‘ The study of the primary sexual characters is one of the most valuable 
guides in the recognition of species. The structures are within my ex- 
perience absolutely invariable within specific limits, and species other- 
wise closely allied are sometimes well separated by these characters. 
They have proved invaluable in settling questions of the identity of 
American and European forms so closely allied as to be considered races, 
and in several instances they have proved the identity or distinctness of 


136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





species when superficial characters left it in doubt. It has removed 
individual judgment as a factor in many cases and allows a final appeal 
in cases of difference. There is no universal test character, however, and 
as with all others so sexual characters sometimes fail. Over one hundred 
species referred to Carneades have so nearly the same form of structure 
that there is no sufficient variation to have specific value in doubtful 
cases. In some other groups, however, no two species are alike, and the 
widest variance within generic limits allows definite specific limitation.’ 


“ As I wrote the description of @. A/berta and the paragraph im- 
mediately following, I may be allowed to point out for the information of 
anyone who may be disposed to accept Mr.W. H. Edwards’s statement 
that Alberta and varuna cannot be distinguished from each other, that 
the former may be distinguished from the Jatter (amongst other points) by 
the whitish veins on the hindwing below, the absence of fulvous colouring 
except on the hindwing above, and the presence of a tooth or projection 
near the middle of the upper edge of the. clasp in the male; all which 
particulars appear, with others, in the description in question.” 

James Epwarps, Colesborne, Cheltenham, England.” 

April 2nd, 1894. 


NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA, No. VIII. 


BY E. P. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y. 
1, ATHYSANUS ANTHRACINUS, 72. Sp. 


Allied to A. p/utonius, Uhl. Deep, black, highly polished, tibiz and 
tarsi of the anterior and intermediate feet yellow. Length, 344 mm. 


Head shorter and more rounded before than in p/utonzus, closely 
punctured. Vertex % longer on the middle than next the eye, sloping 
and strongly rounded to the base of the front, median carina very feeble; 
ocelli and two dots on the hind margin fulvous. Antenne, the basal 
joint excepted, pale; about six obscure arcs on the front and. the 
rostrum, excepting its tip, fulvous. Sides of the clypeus parallel, tip 
feebly rounded. Knees, tibie and tarsi of the anterior and _inter- 
mediate feet pale yellow; slender hind edge of the ventral segments 
fulvous. Pronotum obscurely wrinkled, more prominently rounded 
before than in A/wtonius. Scutellum closely punctured. Elytra almost 
coriaceous, deep piceous black, shagreened; nervures inconspicuous. 
Wings deep smoky brown, nervures blackish. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137 





Valve of the male rather large, rounded. Plates long-triangular, 
exceeding the pygofers, rounded at apex and armed with a few tawny 
marginal bristles. Last ventral segment of the female longer than the 
penultimate, feebly concavely arcuated either side, the lateral angles quite 
strongly produced, subacute ; pygofers short and thick, blunt at apex and 
armed there with a few feeble bristles, a little surpassed by the oviduct. 


Iowa, Kansas and Colorado. Described from one female and two 
male examples. The Kansan specimen was captured at Madison, by 
M. C. Van Duzee. That from Iowa I owe to the kindness of Prof. 
Herbert Osborn, and the example from Colorado is from Prof. C. P. 
Gillette. Prof. Osborn’s specimen came labelled Conogonus gagates, 
Ashm., and in the National Museum is an example labelled Scleroracus 
anthracinus, Uhler. Ihave adopted Mr. Uhler’s specific name as very 
appropriate for this deep black little Jassid, but I can find no characters 
to separate it generically from <Afthysanus. Its highly polished semi- 
coriaceous elytra are peculiar, but hardly constitute a generic character. 
This insect superficially resembles Goniagnathus Palmeri, but they are 
very distinct. 


2. KUTETTIX JOHNSONI, 7. sf. 


Form of Paramesus Twiningi. Bright orange-fulvous maculated 
with white. Anterior edge of the vertex acute, marked above with six 
black points and below with an interrupted black line. Length, 4-414 mm. 


Head nearly as wide as the pronotum. Vertex flat, depressed, 4% 
longer on the middle than next the eye, anterior edge acute. Front 
strongly narrowed below. Clypeus a little expanded toward the rounded 
‘apex. Pronotum not twice the length of the vertex, sides rather long, 
obtusely carinated ; latero-posterior angles rounded. Valve of the male 
broad-triangular, apex truncated ; plates broad and short, little more than 
twice the length of the valve, rounded behind with a short obtuse tip, 
heavily fringed with soft white hairs ; pygofers short, truncated, with a few 
long white bristles. Last ventral segment of the female long, rounded, 
sinuated next the lateral angles, produced in a short acute tooth either 
side of a narrow acute median notch. Pygofers broad, tapering suddenly 
from the apex of the connexivum to the acute tip, which is somewhat 
surpassed by the stout oviduct, the sides nearly rectilinear. 


Colour bright orange-fulvous, paling to almost yellow beneath and on 
the legs, and marked with yellow on the anterior edge of the vertex, apex 


138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of the scutellum and more obscurely on the sides of the pronotum and 
tergum. Two spots on the base of the vertex, three longitudinal lines on 
the pronotum, the lateral broader and abbreviated before, the basal mar- 
gin of the clavus, and about eighteen spots on the elytra, white ; the latter 
coalescing in places, and forming about four transverse bands; the two 
transverse veinlets bounding the postnodal areole brown ; nervures fulvous, 
rather strong. Wings faintly enfumed, highly iridescent, nervures brown. 
Anterior edge of the vertex with six black points, the, two median approxi- 
mate ; base of the front with a black concentric line, crossing the temples 
and interrupted at the middle and below each ocellus. Claws and antennal 
sete brown. Tibial spines deeper fulvous. Face with an obsolete pale 
median line. 

The male is a little more deeply coloured than the female, and has the 
two inner transverse nervures beyond the apex of the clavus brown, and 
the wings are more deeply fuliginous. 

Described from one male and two female examples taken at Philadel- 
phia, Pa., by Mr. C. W. Johnson. This is, perhaps, the most delicately 
beautiful little Jassid as yet described from our fauna, and it affords me 
pleasure to dedicate it to Mr. Johnson, who has brought to. notice many 
interesting forms of the /ass¢de from Eastern Pennsylvania and New 
Jersey. 

This is the smallest species of Hutettzx yet described. It has nearly 
the colour and markings of Paramesus vittellinus, and the size and form 
of P. Twiningi, and might readily be mistaken for a member of that 
genus, but the elytral neuration and most of its characters are those of 
Lutettix. 

3. EUTETTIX CLARIVIDA, 7. Sp. 

Form nearly of Eutettix seminuda. Pale greenish-yellow, anterior 
edge of the vertex with a distant pair of large black spots and two brown 
points at the apex. Length, 41% to 5 mm. 

Vertex hardly 4 longer on the middle than next the eye, just 1% the 
length of the pronotum; marked with an impressed median line on the 
base, either side of which is the usual impressed area near the outer angle 
of the disc, and anteriorly is the transverse subapical depression common 
to this species of this genus. Front 4% longer than wide, clypeus scarcely 
expanded apically ; cheeks as in seminuda. Valve of the male broad- 
triangular, about the length of the last ventral segment; plates about 
twice the length of the valve, their outer edges distinctly arquated near 


THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 139 





the base ; pygofers exceeding the plates, obtuse. Ultimate ventral seg- 
ment of the female rather long, hind edge rounded with a short, abrupt 
median projection or tooth, about twice as broad as long ; pygofers broad, 
a little surpassed by the stout oviduct. 


Colour: Entire insect pale greenish-yellow, polished, paler on the head 
and beneath, tips of the tarsal joints embrowned, extreme apex of the 
rostrum black, anterior edge of the head with a round black spot placed 
just above and within each ocellus, and two minute equidistant brown 
points between these on the apex. Mesonotum and sometimes the basal 
tergal segments black. Eyes brownish. Elytra subhyaline with strong 
yellowish nervures. 


Colorado. Described from two male and four female examples received 
from Prof. C. P. Gillette. Except in its want of ornamentation this 
insect is closely related to Eutettix seminuda, Say, like which it 
approaches Zhamunotettix in many of its characters. But its broader 
form, the characters of the vertex and the wide front will indicate its 
relationship. 


4. CIcADULA LEPIDA, 1. Sp. 


Very near C. diminuta, Leth., but larger, with the front narrower and 
less tumid below, and with the clypeus broader at apex. Length, 3% to 
4 mm. 

Colour pale yellow somewhat intensified on the abdomen and tinged 
with green on the vertex. Head marked with two points placed near the 
hind edge of the vertex about midway between the nearly obsolete 
median line and the eyes, two large transverse spots at apex, on the 
basal sutures of the front. A vertical mark either side between the 
ocellus and eye, about three very short frontal arcs, and a spot at base of 
the antenne ; all black. Eyes, frontal sutures below the antenne, tips 
of the tarsal joints and a row of minute points at the base of the tibial 
spines, brown. Disc of the tergum, oviduct, claws and tiv of the rostrum 
black. Elytra whitish, pellucid, faintly tinged with yellow at base and 
smoky at tip ; nervures slender, pale yellow. Wings white. Last ventral 
segment short, hind edge entire, very slightly rounded ; pygofers bearing 
a few white bristles at tip, scarcely surpassed by the oviduct. 

Described from two female examples, Kansas, July, Prof. F. H. 
Snow. New York City, June, Mr. E. B. Southwick. Prof. Snow’s 
specimen was taken at electric light, in Dodge Co., Kansas. _ 


140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ZETHUS AZTECUS IN FLORIDA. 
BY WM. HAMPTON PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN 


ZETHUS AZTECUS, Saussure (Syn. Z Poeyi, Sauss. and Z. S/ossona, F.) 

The male differs little from the female in colour (specimens from 
Indian River, Fla., Dr. Wittfeld) ; the described differences being all 
variations. The male clypeus is often black at base and in middle. 

Saussure’s description of Z. aztecus says, “ fronte transversim in lineam 
elevato.” Hence Fox’s character of difference for Z. S/ossone is incor- 
rect, and the new name yields to Z aztecus, Sauss. 

Z. aztecus, having abdomen black, differs in this (and not in lacking a 
ridge above antennz) from Z. S/ossone, Fox. 

Z. Poeyi, having abdomen red, agrees in this with Z. S/ossona. ‘The 
teeth of clypeus are variable. 

The spiral antennal tip of /oeyz is not sufficiently invariable to hold 
this species distinct from aztecus; and the length of pediele of second 
segment is variable in appearance. The colour (also variable) does not 
differ from S/ossone to Poeyt. Hence I unite Poeyi to aztecus and add 
Slossoné as a synonym. Occurs in Mexico, Cuba and Florida. 

In Zethus four divisions are named in Saussure’s “‘ Synopsis” : 

Zethus, Sauss., second abdominal segment subsessile. 

Heros, Sauss., clypeus lozenge-shaped, forming on each side an angle. 

Zethusculus, Sauss., pedicle of second segment not more than one- 
fourth length of segment. 

Didymogaster, Perty, pedicle of second segment at least one-fourth 
length of segment. 

None of these divisions appear to be sufficiently distinct to be worthy 
of mention, even as sections. The length of pedicle of second segment 
is variable in the same species ; hence, aztecus was placed in Zethusculus 
and Poeyi in Didymegaster. 


Discelius is asynonym of Zethus. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141 





NOTE ON ACRONYCTA CRISTIFERA, WALK. 
BY A. R. GROTE, A.M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 


Thanks to the identifications of Prof. Smith with the British Museum 
collection which contains Walker’s types, we have now a certainty as to 
the correct names of almost all our species. It is clear from different 
remarks in the catalogue that under Mr. Butler’s rearrangement of the 
material some shifting of the specimens described by Walker has taken 
place, and this shifting has equally certainly led here or there to an 
accidental shifting of label. I suggest as a possible solution to the 
Acronycta cristifera mystery, that the specimen B. Mus. Lists, IX., 230, 
1856, marked: ‘“* W. Orillia, West Canada, from Mr. Bush’s collection,” 
and determined as MWamestra brassice by Walker, may now figure as the 
“type” of Acronycta cristifera, Walk., and the real type of the latter, 
which I saw in its original place, may have become misplaced. 


In 1881, before Mr. Butler had interfered with, or Prof. Smith had 
seen the British Museum Collection, I examined the sole specimen and 
apparent “type” of Acronycta cristifera, Walk. It was in fair condi- 
tion, with clean cut wings and somewhat narrow and tufted body parts. 
It belonged to a species unknown to me, of a seeming peculiar northern 
type ; the specimen was labelled as from St. Martin’s Falls, Hudson Bay. 
I examined it carefully, and in my memory can see the specimen before 
me now. It was a dark stone-gray species, the concolorous primaries 
without any warm tinting shaded here and there with whitish, but quite 
obscurely, and allowing the usual lines and narrowly outlined stigmata to 
be clearly made out. ‘The stigmata were defined and nearly concolorous, 
‘not contrasting. The insect reminded me mostly of the species described 
by Morrison as Acronycta aspera. 1 judged the specimen to have naked 
eyes, but had no opportunity of verifying this. The hind wings were 
concolorous, perhaps a little darker. There was not a trace of any 
reddish-brown, or brighter shading or colour. The whole insect was of a 
stony, somewhat fuscous or sordid dusty gray-hue. In my Illustrated 
Essay I noted this examination of mine as follows: ‘‘ The type from 
Hudson Bay is not an Acronycta. The abdomen is tufted ; the species 
is dark stone-grey, with kidney-shaped reniform, and seems a Hadenoid 
form unknown to me,” |. c. 38. Under these circumstances I was greatly 
surprised to find by Prof. Smith’s Revision that Mr, Butler had referred 
the specimen as belonging to Mamestra /ubens; still more so that Prof. 


142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Smith afterwards confirms the decision. That the specimen considered 
by Butler and Smith to be the “type” of cristifera, Walk, is really 
lubens, 1 do not doubt. But that this specimen was described by Walker 
and seen by me, I do not only doubt, but I shall try to show the impossi- 
bility of. Let me premise that, so far as I can find out, in every case 
where I have positively identified Walker’s species, after seeing the Brit. 
Mus. Collection, my identification is adopted and verified afterwards by 
Prof. Smith, as a study of his synonymy will show. In every case but 
this ; for even where, from the poor condition of the specimen, I only 
ventured to suggest the identity, as with 4. muraenuda, the supposition 
is confirmed. Let me also premise that, in the search for “ types,” Prof. 
Smith has not stopped to verify the supposed “type” by the description. 
Yet the description is the sole real authority for the authenticity of the 
“type.” A number of times have I, in print, drawn attention to this 
fact, that when a supposed “type ” contradicts the published description, 
the “type” must be held to be spurious. Not only does literature bring 
ample evidence that “types” have been subsequently made, but a 
mistake in labelling, a changing of the label, may not infrequently occur, 
and has often occurred as the result of accident. We may go further and 
say that a description must tolerably well conform to the appearance 
and character of the specimen, to be accepted as having been drawn up 
from it. But, in the present case, we may waive all such argument, 
weakened as it must be by Walker’s poor descriptive methods. The 
description of cristifera simply contradicts the supposition that a speci- 
men of /ubens could have served for its basis. It bears out my inde- 
pendent testimony, written without consulting the B. Mus. Lists, that a 
sordid, dusky or “ brownish” gray insect, without any brighter colouring, 
was before Mr. Walker. Accessory evidence is that /zdens is not, so far 
as known, a northern species at all, not else known in the Hudson Bay 
collections ; while the form I saw had the northern aspect of Podza aspera. 
Again, Mr. Walker’s generic references are wild, but there is still some 
method in them. A moth to be referred by him to Acronycta must have 
something gray, black and white, about it, to say the least. Now /ubens 
is not gray after this fashion. It is more brown than gray. It is very 
dark grayish with generally over all a distinct reddish flush and tinge, 
especially basally. The reniform spot is upright and yellowish, not 
kidney-shaped. Beneath it is even brighter coloured, tinged with carmine 
or bright red. The hind wings are not gray or “ cinereous” at all, but 


THE CANADIAN ENVOMOLOGIST, 143 





fuscous or smoky. The size is larger. LZubens is also altogether a com- 
paratively gaily coloured Noctuid, with violet and purple-brown shadings. 
It recalls somewhat Copimamestra brassice, but not in any way does it 
resemble a dead stone-gray species, unicolorous in appearance. The 
lines are partly yellow ; they cannot be described as “ black, undulating 
and denticulated.” The type I saw allowed the fine lines, single, if I 
remember rightly, to contrast and appear as if cut in the wing against the 
even paler ground colour. The reniform was wide, kidney-shaped, 
excavated outwardly. But let Mr. Walker speak for himself. That he 
described Mamestra adjuncta and Xylomiges crucialis as Acronyctas 1s 
true, but these have at least something of the Acronycta livery and 
colours. Zudens has nothing of this, and is well described by Smith in 
the Revision, p. 233, under cristifera. To this I can refer the reader. 
Here is Walker’s description from the British Museum Lists, XV., p. 1654, 
1858. The Latin diagnosis I can omit, since it merely translates the 
English text : 


“ Male.—Dark cinereous, brownish beneath. Thorax with black 
bands. Abdomen brownish-cinereous, with high black dorsal crests, 
tufted along each side, and with a large apical tuft. Forewings with 
some whitish hairs here and there, with black undulating and denticulated 
lines ; orbicular and reniform spots and a third hindward spot mostly 
whitish; orbicular large, nearly round; reniform slightly excavated on 
the outer side. Hind wings brownish-cinereous, with whitish ciliz. 
Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 16 lines. This species much 
resembles A. humame/is, but is sufficiently distinct. a. St. Martin’s Falls, 
Albany River, Hudson’s Bay. Prese~ted by Dr. Barnston.” 


Walker’s comparison with Acronycta hamamelis, though wide of the 
mark, is only justified by the Acronycta-like gray of his ‘‘ type,” which 
wanted all warm M/amestra-like reddish-brown tints. He calls a dark or 
dusty fuscous-gray, a sordid stone-gray, “ brownish-gray.” There is not 
the faintest resemblance to /zdens in his description, in which species the 
orbicular is dark centred, and in which character Walker’s ‘“‘ type” agreed 
with his description in being without dark centre merely somewhat paler, 
more ‘‘whitish” than the wing. The type of crzst7/era was not rough and 
powdery like /wbens, but nearly smooth. Could any sane entomologist 
compare /ubens with hamamelis? I think not. There was no trace of 
purple, yellow, bluish-gray, violet, carmine or reddish-brown in Walker’s 


144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





‘‘ type,” and there is none in his description. The type I saw of cristifera 
was evidently a male; what is the sex of the supposed “type,” the 
specimen of Zubens ? 


Walker’s descriptions, though inadequate throughout, do not ever 
necessarily contradict his material. They generally vaguely agree, and 
though inadequate for identification are often sufficient as to the colour 
and markings of his specimens. With structure he was profoundly unac- 
quainted in the Lepidoptera. But,while making every allowance possible, 
I submit that he never could have drawn up his description of cristifera 
from a specimen of Zzbens / It is’rather his weakness to exaggerate, by 
not defining, small matters of shading in these sombre insects. He could 
not have failed to note the centrally spotted orbicular, the ‘‘ creamy- 
yellow” upright reniform, the distinctly outlined claviform, the red flush, 
the blue-gray powderings, the yellowish subterminal line, the carmine tint 
beneath of Zubens. Some trace of all these must have appeared in his 
words. There is none at all! He had a slighter Po/a-like insect before 
him, which I saw, but could not locate definitely in my brief study. This 
specimen must in some way have become exchanged for a specimen of 
Zubens, which may now stand there, but cannot in reason be considered 
his “type” of cristifera. I pass over what I believe is the fact, that 
Walker did not put the word “type” ona label attached to his specimens 
and that therefore, in rearranging the material, a mistake might readily 
occur. Were I to see his real “type” of cristifera, I should recognize it 
at once. Error is not out of the question because /ubens is so strongly 
marked, as Prof. Smith would have us believe. The ‘‘ error” is not as to 
the species, but as to the specimen! Why does not Mr. Smith study the 
British Museum Lists? Why adopt as infallible the testimony offered by 
the fact that the specimens in place zozw in the British Museum are really 
in every case Walker’s identical “types”? Is there no margin for error 
here? It would seem that Prof. Smith has throughout adopted the 
theory that the specimens shown him as Walker’s “ types” must and are 
really always what they purport to be. Yet I have shown in this case 
that it may not always be so. I can put aside the fact that it is very un- 
likely that I should have been deceived in the case of so prominent a 
species, which, as Prof. Smith says, ‘‘must have been familiar” to me. 
Undoubtedly Zuzbens, Grt., was well known to me, known as long as most 
of my moths. For a time, till 1875, I thought the species might be what 
what was called “ drassice” in Europe. Is it not possible that this iden- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 





tical “type” of Walker’s was what he called drassice 2? I have not the 
literature at the moment to refer to. It has no immediate bearing on my 
conclusion, which is this, that the species I have named in American 
collections Mamestra /ubens must retain its name. 


I do not belong to the school which would ignore the British Museum 
Catalogue altogether. As much as any one I have worked out Walker’s 
species and generally adopted his names when earlier. It is true I lose 
more than any one else by Walker’s insufficient descriptions. I do not 
object to this, for the reason that our main need is a stable nomenclature. 
This latter cannot be established by the procedure of taking a specimen 
as Walker’s “type” which does not answer his published description. 
The real basis for our nomenclature is our literature. If Zubens is drop- 
ped for cristifera, then this basis is fundamentally attacked. What is 
called a “type” supersedes it. But labelling a specimen can never con- 
stitute a publication. Walker’s text must conform always and in every 
case sufficiently with his supposed ‘‘ type,” and at least not contradict it. 
In this case the description does not conform and does contradict the 
assumption of Mr. Butler. There may be other cases, but I have no 
means to look into them. I am quite willing that Walker’s names should 
be restored and credited to him as if he had fully described his material. 
That so many of my species should be thus drawn in, is certainly no fault 
of mine. The labour of comparing Walker’s ‘“ types ” is no greater than 
than that of determining any other lot of specimens ; but the labour used 
in trying to make out his descriptions will in almost every case be always 
in vain. After I had satisfied myself of this in 1868, I ceased to trouble 

myself to look through the Catalogues for a possible identification, which, 
~ in the best case, would be a doubtful one. It was much better to write 
recognizable descriptions of our Noctuide and run the risk with Mr. 
Walker. And when all is restored that can be restored to Mr. Walker, it 
may, I think, be said of my work with justice, that at a time when we in 
America had no names at all for our Owlet moths, I built up gradually a 
nomenclature which, for the greatest part, will endure. 


Two other points remain to be elucidated. I am persistently credited 
by Prof. Smith with the description of /orea under the name dodge. I have 
not the literature, but my me nory is that I never described such a species, 
but that Mr. Morrison did. The last point relates to the type of ferrealis. 
I received this from Morrison’s late Montana collections. It is very 


146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





distinct from MW. stricta (ferrea), and J think the type must now be with 
Mr. Neumoegen. It should be easily recognized. Prof. Smith has seen 
the types and recognizes the validity of twenty-nine (29) species of N. Am. 
Mamestra described by me. There remains then /zdens to be reinstated 
and ferrealis to be again recognized, making thirty-one in all, I have 
lost four others through comparisons with Mr. Walker’s “types.” 


FOLDED WINGS IN FCENUS. 
BY WMt HAMPTON PATTON. 

Aside from the wasps distinguished by their folded wings (D1pPLop- 
TERA) and the Chalcidian genus Zeucospis, there is no record, unless of 
distant date, of any Hymenopterous insect having the wings folded. In 
Coptera the ‘‘ longitudinal fold” described by Say is in reality a pleat or 
ridge : the wings, as I have repeatedly observed in the living insect, being 
laid flat upon the back and never folded. 

I can, however, add from personal observation the Evaniad genus 
Fenus, in which I have uniformly found the wings folded in a manner 
homologous to that of the hornets and Leucospis (2. ¢., longitudinally 
through the middle, the fold crossing the median transverse vein and the 
two recurrents, the*posterior half of the wing falling under the anterior 
half). 

The position of the wing-fold is one of great morphological signifi- 
cance, as it indicates the line of separation between the two systems of 
veins in insect wings. The discovery of this fold in Evaniade proves 
the recently discovered relationship between these insects and the 
Diplopteryga. 

On the eighth of May, 1879, at Waterbury, Conn., I bred a female 
specimen (of the common small species of /@nus) from a larva found in 
the pith of a dead sumach twig in the preceding month. As no descrip- 
tion of the larva of this genus exists, it is doubtful whether the larva 


found was that belonging to the Hymenopteron or was that of its host, 
The larva was apodous, of a very slight purple shade, and covered with 
fine down. There was no cocoon. The pupa is gray, the cast skin 
almost white, showing the peculiar features of the genus Hwnys. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 





BOOK NOTICE. 


MISCELLANEOUS ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS. By F. M. WEBSTER: 
Feb., 1894. 


We have just received a neat pamphlet of 59 pages, which forms 
Bulletin 51 of the Ohio Agricuitural Experiment Station. It is by Prof. 
F. M. Webster, and, like all his work, shows careful preparation. 

The insects treated of in the first part are:—The Asparagus Beetle, 
the Western Corn Root-worm, the Broad-striped Flea-beetle, Blister 
Beetles, the Basket Worm, the Cabbage Aphis and the Apple-leaf Louse. 

An interesting account of the insects which have been introduced 
into the State is given under the head of “Some Insect Immigrants in 
Ohio.” There appear to have been two great highways which insects im- 
ported from Europe have followed: those which have entered the State 
at its north-eastern corner and spread westward, and those from Southern 
Europe which have generally entered by the way of the Ohio Valley and 
have a more or less restricted northern distribution. 

In the article “Insect Foes of American Cereals” the writer is evi- 
dently dealing with a subject of which he has made a special study. By 
patient observation and the application of practical common sense, Prof. 
Webster has made some important discoveries in Economic Entomology. 
Not the least of these is the fact recorded in this pamphlet that the 
Apple Aphis passes part of the year as an injurious enemy on wheat. In 
fact Mr. Webster says: “So far as my observations go, it is more detri- 
mental to the wheat than to the apple.” This is an important discovery, 
and will doubtless draw the attention of entomologists to this important 
' subject of the “ Alternation of Generations ” among the Aphides—a line 
of investigation which has engaged much of the time of Messrs. Riley and 
Howard at Washington. Speaking of remedies, Prof. Webster says: 
‘Tt would appear almost visionary to advocate spraying apple orchards 
with kerosene emulsion in mid-winter to protect the wheat crop, but 
nevertheless one of the most serious enemies of young fall wheat passes 
its egg stage on the twigs of the apple during the winter season. I refer 
to the Apple-leaf Louse, 4pA7s mali, Fab.” 

“Soon after the young wheat plants appear in the fall the winged | 
viviparous females of this species flock to the fields, and on these give 
birth to their young, which at once make their way to the roots, where 
they continue reproduction, sapping the life from the young plants— 


148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





* * * * though they are seldom killed outright, these infested plants 
cease to grow, and later take on a sickly look, and not until the Aphis 
abandons them in the autumn to return to the apple, do they show any 
amount of vigour. It is very seldom that the affected plants fully recover 
at least in autumn ; and the result must be to reduce their productiveness 
the following year.” The eggs of the Apple-leaf Aphis are deposited on 
the twigs and limbs of apple trees late in the autumn ; these do not hatch 
until the following spring ; the plant-lice remain on the apple trees for two 
or three generations, when winged females are produced, which fly to 
grasses and weeds and there pass the summer. After the young wheat is 
up in the autumn, the lice congregate on the plants and reproduce 
rapidly. 

The above is briefly the life-history of this insect in Ohio as worked 
out by Prof. Webster by careful experiments, which are detailed in the 
Bulletin. At Ottawa this probably may also, to a large extent, be the 
case ; but the Aphis is also sometimes abundant on young apple trees 
right through the season. It is, however, seldom injuriously abundant in 
Ontario, although in British Columbia it is to-day one of the most serious 
enemies of the apple grower. 

Professor Webster’s papers will doubtless cause many other entomo- 
logists to study this insect more closely, when it is probable that further 
discoveries will be made, perhaps not less interesting than that now 
discussed. dts 


CORRESPONDENCE. 
BELLURA DIFFUSA. 

Sir,—In Dr. Smith’s catalogue of the Lepidopterous superfamily 
Noctuidz, found in Boreal America, on page 181, under Bellura diffusa, 
Grote: he states, ‘‘ I have not seen the type of this species.” In the 
March No. of Can. Ent., Vol. 26, p. 85, referring to that statement, Mr. 
Grote says, ‘‘ Where my type is now I cannot for the moment recollect. 
It seems not to be in the British Museum.” When Mr. Grote, then of 
Buffalo, identified,my specimen, he expressed pleasure at seeing the 
species again, remarking that he had not seen it since he had first named 
it; which I understood from what he said was about a year previously, 
indicating that it was not then in his collection. And the impression left 
on my mind from his conversation was, that he had seen but one- 
specimen before, and that he had returned it after naming it. All this is 
distinctly impressed upon my memory, right or wrong, and my stating it 
may assist Mr. Grote in recalling the transaction, and give him a clue to 
where the type is now to be looked for. J. Atston Morrat. 


Mailed May 3rd. 


die mein bate 


VOL. XXXVI. LONDON, esha 1894. No. 6. 














THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H, F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
1. THE CICINDELIDE OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 


[The following is the first of a series of papers which Mr. Wickham 
is specially preparing for this magazine. It is intended that they should 
treat of all the more conspicuous families of Coleoptera and present in 
tabular form the genera and species that are found in the Provinces of 
Ontario and Quebec; a descriptive list will also be given of the species, 
so far as known, that are to be found in the other provinces of the 
Dominion of Canada. The object in view is to assist collectors who 
have hitherto been unable, from the want of books or other causes, to 
identify the beetles they have caught, and to encourage them in the study 
of this most interesting order of insects. As many illustrations as pos- 
sible will be given, and every effort will be made to render the papers 
thoroughly helpful to those who make use of them. It is hoped, also, 
that the aid thus given will lead on many of our younger readers to 
become students of Entomology, rather than mere collectors. The 
bibliography at the end of each paper will be of service to those who 
are not content to remain “ beginners.”—Ep. C. E. | 

The beetles of this family are among the first to attract the attention 
‘of the collector. Their graceful forms, bright colours, and activity dis- 
played in the pursuit of their prey, on sunny banks or roadsides, render” 
them at once objects of interest and beauty; as much on this account as’ 
because of their generally conceded position as the highest of Colehy: 
tera, they are given the first place in this series of articles. . 

For our purpose the Cicindelide may be defined as predaceous 
ground-beetles, with eleven-jointed filiform antennz, which are borne on 
the front above the base of the mandibles. Two genera are represented - 
in the Dominion of Canada, one of which, Omzs, is confined to the” 
Pacific provinces. It is distinguishable from Cicindela by having small 
eyes and separate posterior cox, while in the latter genus the eyes are 
large and prominent and the posterior coxze contiguous. 


150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








The larva of Cicindela (fig. 11, C. vulgaris) is a somewhat 
elongate, whitish grub, with a broad, metallic coloured head and 
prothorax, and a large hump, bearing two hooks, on the fifth 
abdominal segment. They excavate holes in sunny spots and 
lie in wait for prey, with the head closing up the mouth of the 
burrow; when an insect comes within reach it is seized 
by the long jaws of the larva and the juices extracted. I am now 
rearing larve of C. Zimbalis, Klug, which I dug from holes in a 
clay bank on the fifteenth of April. They are easily kept in little tin 
boxes with damp earth, and feed readily on soft-bodied larvz of wood- 
borers. The pupa is figured by Letzner * and is represented as bearing 
on the fifth abdominal dorsal, two long spines corresponding to the 
hooks on the same segment in the larva. 

The perfect insects are to be found in all parts of North America 
south of the sixtieth paratlel, or at least extend very nearly that far 
north, though more numerous in warm climates. The colours are 
usually metallic, the elytra more or less spotted and banded with white. 
When these markings are of the style shown in the figure of C. Airticol/ts 
(fig. 16) they are said to be complete; if, as is sometimes the case, they are 
reduced to partial obliteration or breaking up of these bands, they are 
called izcomplete. The curved mark on the shoulder is known as the 
humeral lunule, the one at the tip the apical lunule, while the long bent 
mark extending nearly across the middle is called the median band. An 
important character, which is to be used in assigning species to their 
proper places in the table, is to be found in the labrum or upper lip; in 
most of our species it is short, but in C. /ongilabris it is very long. The 
free edge is variously toothed in the Canadian species. ‘The legs furnish 
no characters that we can employ with profit, but it will be noticed that 
the males have three joints of the anterior tarsi dilated and silky 
pubescent beneath, the middle tibiz being pubescent on the outer side. 


Of the twelve tiger-beetles reported from Ontario and Quebec, the 
following five are considered varietal forms only :—C. Lecontei figures as 
a variety of scutellaris, limbalis and splendida both belong to pur- 
purea, generosa is an Eastern form of formosa, and 12-guttata is subordi- 
nate to repanda, being simply a variety in which the bands are broken 
up. The variety of Jongilabris, which is called perviridis, is known from 
Newfoundland, but I think not from the provinces which are directly the 





Fig. 11. 








* Zeitschr. f, Entom. Breslau, 1848, Taf. on tc, campestris. ) he 


Ti CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151 





subject of this paper. They may be separated among themselves as 
follows, though occasionally forms will be found which intergrade 
between varieties to such an extent as to render it difficult to place them 
correctly from description alone. The arrangement followed ts practically 
that of Schaupp, with such additions and alterations as were rendered 
possible or convenient by the smailer number of species here treated. 
CICINDELA, Linn. 
A. Labrum very long, one-toothed. Thorax flattened, trapezoidal. 
Dull brown or black above, front of head excavated. Elytra 
distinctly punctate, usually with a slightly bent, nearly trans- 
verse median band, and three spots on or near the margin 


which is not bordered with white..........ongilabris, Say. 
Green above and beneath, humeral lunule 
completes.ts. ciel: Dial dy oh eae tein PEF UIFIALS,. Snapp: 


B. Labrum short or aaly pageiers tly long. Thorax not greatly flattened, 
quadrate or trapezoidal. 

b. Thorax much narrowed behind; colours usually bright, either 
purplish, green, blue or coppery. Markings often very 
much reduced or incomplete. 

c. Elytra without well-defined median band. 

Markings marginal only, colour purplish-coppery, elytra 
indistinctly Sop td front of head — sparsely 
pilose. . ie ee . . Lecontei, Hald. 
Wadnes canecane fat amall kha. or golden dots, 
usually marginal only, but discal ones are often present. 
Colour bright green. Elytra distinctly punctured, front 
of head not pilose.. ower a kan hs, ee SEM RILIGLE,, Ba 

cc. Elytra with median antl geet Front of head pilose. 
Thorax and elytra coppery or greenish coppery, margin 
green. Body beneath bluish-green. purpurea, Ol. 
Thorax and Sas ee body beneath 


blue: - oe apes .. limbalis, Lec. 
anaes green or ine: ees coppery, body beneath 
green or blue.. ee ah mn «+ 1 eS PLMOIOd. EVEN Z 


bb. Thorax slightly or not at a awewea Helin Colours sober, 
brownish with white markings which are usually complete. 

d. Markings complete, very broad, connected at margin. Body 
very hairy, labrum three-toothed. Humeral lunule ob- 

lique posteriorly. . ies y REA hee BEML OSE, DEI. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





dd. Markings narrower, complete or incomplete. Humeral lunule 


with the posterior extremity much prolonged backward 
and but little curved. Labrum three- 
toothedti. sailineaemtent 3. Skee see rman 
Humeral lunule with the posterior portion incurved ; 
marginal white line not extending quite to this lunule. 
Markings complete, not broken. Labrum 
one-tootheds? “0 g.32 cee eae Pepengas er 
Humeral and other markings broken up. . 72-gut/ata, Dej. 
Humeral lunule with the posterior portion very suddenly 
turned inwards, at right angles to the suture or nearly 
so. Marginal white line connected with humeral 
Value. cyeitarecs: ers fecie nee wuts EFLICOILIS SAN, 


bbb. Thorax subcylindrical. Markings almost absent. Slender, black, 





Fig. 12. 





shining, a row of large greenish fovee near the suture. 
Apical lunule complete, the other markings usually very 


much broken or wanting. Labrum one- 
oathied ssc h 3Rr a Saeed punctulata, Fab. 





Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. 


We offer figures of several species, as follows :—Cicindela sexguttata 


(fig. 12), C. purpurea (fig. 13), C. generosa (fig. 14), C. vulgaris (fig. 15), 


and C. hirticollis (fig. 16). 

By request of the Editor, a list of other species and varieties reported 
from the Dominion is subjoined, with localities. They are not included 
in the table because they are not known from Old Canada, and our 


knowledge of the fauna of the great region north of the forty-ninth 
parallel and west of the ninety-fifth meridian is too limited to permit of 
a synoptic treatment of any completeness. For several unpublished 


records I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Harrington and Mr. 
Fletcher, who sent me lists of the species contained in their collections, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153 








The species are :— 

Omus dejeanii, Reiche. B. C., Van. Isl. A large back insect, 18 to 
20 mm. in length, the elytra marked with rather deep, irregular fovee. 

O. Audouinii, Reiche. B. C., Van. Isl. Resembles the preceding, 
but the size is less (13 to 18 mm.) and the elytra simply irregularly 
punctate. The species of Omus do not resemble Cicindela in appearance, 
but approach rather the Carabidz, from which they may be easily 
separated by the antennal characters. 

Cicindela longilabris, var. montana, Lec. Resembles J/ongilabris 
proper, but is black, shining, smoother, the markings absent or only a 
slender median band present. Has been found in the Northwest Terri- 
tory. J. B. Tyrrell (teste Harrington). 

C. scutellaris, var. unicelor, Dej. Like Lecontez, but green or blue, 
without marks of any kind. Taken by J. B. Tyrrell in the Northwest 
Territory. 

C. sexguttata, var. patruela, Dej B. C., Rev. Geo. W. Taylor. This 
is a variety of sexguttata in which the middle band is more or less 
distinct. 

C. purpurea, var. decem-notata, Say. This is a form in which the 
middle band is more deflexed than in typical purpurea. The elytra are 
ordinarily ornamented also with four white dots. B.C. (teste Leconte). 

C. formosa, Say. Fort McLeod (teste Fletcher), also in N. W. T. 
This is like geverosa, but the ground colour is reddish cupreous instead 
of brown. 

C. hyperborea, Lec. Methy Portage, H. B. T. (teste Leconte), 
I have never seen this species. It is rather small (12 mm.) reddish 
‘cupreous_ with markings somewhat resembling vz/garis, but the 
hinder portion of the median band is straight instead of being curved. 

C. vulgaris, var. vibex, Horn, Vane. Isl., Rev. G. W. Taylor (teste 
Harrington). A green variety of vudgaris in which the median band 
does not reach the margin. 

C. oregona, Lec. A variety of refanda, brownish-bronze or olive, 
middle band not dilated on the margin. White dots large, lunules 
interrupted. B.C., Van. Isl. 

C. pusilla, Say. Wudson’s Bay Terr. (teste Schaupp). A small 
black species, (12 mm.) blue or greenish beneath, with tibize pale at base, 
labrum three-toothed. Elytra with faint basal and apical lunule and 
recurved median band extended on margin. All but the marginal part 
of this band is sometimes wanting. Unknown to me. 


154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





C. pusilla, var. terricola, Say. Black beneath, differs from typical 
form in having oblique punctures on the elytra, the anterior margin of 
each puncture being the higher. Hudson’s Bay Terr. (teste Schaupp). 

C. cinctipennis, var. imperfecta, Lec. A small species, 11 to 12.5 
mm., brown above, the elytra with a long humeral lunule, which is 
usually connected with the median band. The median band does not 
touch the margin and its outer part is sometimes connected with the 
apical as well as the humeral lunule. B. C., A. J. Hill (teste Harrington). 


C. lepida, Dej. Elytra white with a few green or .bronzed lines. 
Anus testaceous, labrum one-toothed. Northwest Territory (teste 
Harrington). 

It is to be hoped that the readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
who have the opportunity to add other species to the lists of beetles of 
the Dominion, will take care to see that the records of their captures are 
published, as only in this way can faunal papers be made complete. 
Personally, I should be very glad to see any Cicindelas which appear not 
to come under the species mentioned in this article, whether in duplicate 
or otherwise. ‘To those who wish to pursue the study further, the follow- 
ing works are recommended as containing nearly all that is known on the 
Cicindelide of North America :— 

1818. Say, Thos. A monograph of the North American insects of the 
genus Cicindela. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., N.S., I., 401-426. Reprinted 
in Leconte’s Edition of the Complete Writings of Thos. Say, Vol. IL., pp. 
415-435, Boston, n. d. 

1856. Leconte. John L. Revision of the Cicindele of the United 
States. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 2nd Ser. XI., pp. 27-62, Pl. I. 

1876. Horn, Geo. H. ‘The sexual characters of North American. 
Cicindelide, with notes on some groups of Cicindela. Trans. Am. Ent. 
Soc., V., pp. 232-240. 

1878. Horn, Geo. H. Descriptions of the larve of the North 
American genera of Cicindelide * * * Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIL, 
pp. 28-37, Pl. IL. 

1878. Schaupp, F. G. On the Cicindelide of the United States. 
Bull. Bklyn. Ento. Soc., L, pp. 11-14, with a plate. 

1883. Schaupp, F. G. Synoptic tables of Coleoptera. Cicindelidze. 
Bulletin Brooklyn Ento. Soc., VI., 73-108, Pl. 1-5. This is the latest 
work on the subject, and gives descriptions, with coloured figures, of all 
species and varieties known from North America. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 








THE BUTTERFLIES OF LAGGAN, N. W. T.; ACCOUNT OF 
CERTAIN SPECIES INHABITING THE ROCKY 
MOUNTAINS IN LATITUDE 57° 25’. 

BY THOMAS E. BEAN, LAGGAN, ALBERTA. 

(Continued from page 149, Vol. 25.) 

ARGYNNIS APHIRAPE, VAR. OSSIANUS, HERBST. 


My local material allied to the European Aphirape consists of 22 
males, 11 females. ‘These have been studied in comparison with 3 ¢, 1 
Q typical Aphirape from Germany, 2 ¢ 2 2 Aphirape var. Ossianus 
from Northern Finland, 1 ¢ Ossianus from Sweden, 1 ¢ 1 9 Aphirape 
var. Zriclaris from Labrador, and 3 ¢ 1 Q TZyriclaris collected by Mr. 
H. K. Morrison in southern Colorado. In the local series the following 
relationships are displayed:—Oue male is 77ic/aris, agreeing closely on 
upper surface with the Colorado males, but on the under side nearer to 
the singe Labrador male. Five males and four females are Aphirape 
var. Ossianus. The remaining 16 males and 7 females are of an inter- 
grade type, combining features of Osszanus and TZriclaris. On under 
side these compare closely with my Labrador pair of Zriclaris, having 
the spots of secondaries mainly surfaced in nacre and very conspicuous. 
On upper side, however, they are distinctively of the Osszanus type. 


Triclaris is by some authors considered a distinct species. The 
examination I have now made results adversely to that view. As above 
shown, the Laggan material contains over 25 per cent. of examples which 
are formal Ossianus, with about 75 per cent. of specimens combining the 
character of Osséanus upper surface with an extreme degree of Zrzclaris 
quality below. In order to make a reasonable plea for the distinctness 
of Triclaris from Aphirape, it would be requisite to prove that Osszanus 
and Aphirape in the European fauna are mutually independent. For 
Ossianus certainly is a resident in the bogs of Laggan, and just as surely 
the Laggan intergrade series identifies Zriclaris with Ossianus. 

In the Laggan series appears nothing very close to typical Aphirage. 
In fact, 75 per cent. of the Laggan occurrence is at the farthest point of 
separation from Aphirape. ; 

Triclaris of Colorado is the North American form nearest to typical 
Aphirape, which it greatly resembles on upper side, and the Laggan form 
as markedly resembles Ossianus. It is also worthy of special note that 
in Zri¢laris of Colorado, as in typical Apfzrape, the colour-pattern is 


156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





emphatically differentiated for sex ; while in the Laggan occurrence, as also 
in Osstanus of Europe, the sexes differ but slightly in appearance. 

Osstanus flies at Laggan during July, or in forward seasons makes its 
appearance the last week of June. My earliest date for the male is June 
22 (in 1888, an early season). It is found at altitudes from 4,900 to 
5,600 feet, usually in marshy places. It is not common anywhere in the 
district, but occurs more freely than elsewhere in two subalpine bogs 
about a mile south of Laggan, at 5,400 and 5,500 feet. I have taken the 
female at Stephen, B. C., (5,290 feet), and the male at Emerald Lake 
(5,600 feet). At Emerald Lake occurred also the single instance of formal 
Triclaris previously mentioned. 





A METHOD OF SECURING MOTHS’ EGGS. 
BY JOHN B. LEMBERT, YO SEMITE, CAL. 


A practical way of procuring moths’ eggs came under my observation 
last season and the season before, throughan Arctia ornata 2 that I sent 
to Mr. Dyar while he was in Portland, Oregon. 

When I take an Arctia ornata 2, and she is ready to lay eggs, the 
moment she shows signs of being stupefied in the Cyanide bottle I take 
her out, close the wings over her back, and place her in a paper envelope ; 
as soon as she revives, she will commence to scratch the paper with her 
legs ; I then shake the envelope, and if she has given up some eggs, I 
take them out, give her another dose of Cyanide fumes, and when she 
revives a second time I have found as many as 125 eggs in the paper. 
After she has given up this quantity the ? usually dies, even when left 
to her own ways and means, and I have found them dead as perfect as 
when they had just issued and were alive. 

Euchaetes sciurus, Arctia rufula and Spilosoma vestalis will give 
up eggs in this way also, and die like Ornata. 


A Lepisesia Clarkia 2 has given up an egg in the Cyanide bottle, 
but as it is so easily killed by the Cyanide fumes, I never tried to get 
eggs from it in that manner. 

Of butterflies, the Co/ias Behrii 2’s have given up one and two eggs 
at a time in this way. The method can no doubt be improved on, and, 
by careful manipulation, the eggs of a great number of butterflies can be 
obtained in a short time by those intending to rear larvee, and where the 
food-plant is known it will make work so much easier for the entomologist. 

I my remark, also, that in atube the eggs of Sfz/osoma vestadis, with- 
out the aid of any plant moisture, take about three weeks to hatch, as do 
also those of Avctia ornata, if not longer. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 








NEW CYNIPIDAE. 
BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO. 


Ruopites, Hartig 
R. AREFACTUS, 7. sp. 


The galls are dense, corky enlargements of small shoots, usually close 
to the stem from which the shoot arises, and the shoot is usually dead 
beyond the gall when the latter is mature. The galls are irregular in 
shape, vary from one-half to seven-eights of an inch in diameter, and are 
polythalamous. ‘The surface is of a rusty colour, is finely wrinkled, and 
reminds me of dried fruit. The surface appears dry and hard, but it is 
easily dented with the finger-nail and is always free from spines. 


Described from eighteen galls collected in March in the vicinity of 
Fort Collins, Colorado. Galls brought into the laboratory March 7th, 
began giving flies March 23rd. 

Gall-flies. —Females—General colour, cinnamon-rufous ; head entirely 
rufous, except a blackish area between either compound eye and the 
mouth ; under a power of 60 diameters the lower face appears rather 
coarsely wrinkled, the wrinkles converging towards the mouth, the upper 
face, vertex and occiput very finely rugose ; the face sparsely set with a 
short gray pubescense ; antennz short, the first three joints, and some- 
times the base of the third, rufous, the remaining joints black ; number of 
joints, 14. Zhorax, rufous above, with a black suture separating the 
mesothorax and scutellum, parapsidal grooves entire, broad, moderately 
deep, well separated at the scutellum, and with numerous elevated lines 
crossing them ; median groove distinct and extending well forward. The 
‘surface of the thorax is finely rugose, and, in a proper light, shows 
numerous punctures, each puncture bearing a short yellowish hair. 
Scutellum, coarsely wrinkled near the margin, and less coarsely wrinkled 
on the central portion, which is considerably elevated, transverse groove 
at base, colour rufous. Mesopleura, except spot just beneath the wings, 
rufous, sutures, metathorax and sternum black or blackish ; efitire pleura 
rugose. Abdomen rufous, with venter and posterior half of dorsum 
blackish, all abdominal segments covered with a microscopic network of 
impressed lines, most prominent on the terminal segments. Wings but 
little smoky, radial area not at all closed along the costal margin, areolet 
distinct and rather small. ¢e¢, including the coxe, entirely rufous, the 
claws only being black, Length, from 314 to 4144 mm, 


158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Described from twenty-one specimens bred from the galls. 


Males—Three to three and one-half mm. in length, black, feet more 
reddish in colour than in the females, bases of the cox black, antennz 
black throughout ; otherwise like the females, 


Described from forty-two bred specimens. 


There is one male among those reared that has the rufous marking of 
the female on head, antenne and thorax. 


This species resembles very closely Rhodites multispinosa, Gill, but 
the galls are very different. 


R. NEGLECTA, 2. Sp. 


The gall is an abrupt, corky enlargement of a small stem, and con- 
tains numerous larval cells. The gall measures 15 mm. in breadth by 
18 mm. in length, and is very smooth on the exterior. 


Described from a single gall taken at Manitou, Colorado, May 8, 1892. 
The flies emerged on the 17th of the same month. 


I have long known what I suppose to be the same gall in Michigan 
and Iowa, but never before succeeded in getting the gall-makers from 
them. 


Gall-fly —Female—/Zead black, except a little rufous upon the vertex 
and clypeus; face rather coarsely rugose, vertex and occiput finely 
rugose ; antenne entirely black and 14-jointed. Zhorax entirely black, 
parapsidal grooves well defined and broadened anteriorly, median groove 
traceable but a short distance from the scutellum. Surface of the meso- 
thorax shining, but under a low power of the microscope is seen to have 
a fine network of impressed lines and numerous shallow punctures over 
the entire surface; from each puncture arises a small yellowish hair. 
Scutellum black, slightly rufous on middle of disk, coarsely rugose about 
margin, less coarsely on the central raised portion. Pleure and meso- 
thorax black and coarsely to finely rugose, most finely on the central por- 
tion of the mesopleurz beneath the forewings. | Abdomen black, except 
sides of second segment near the base, the seventh segment and the 
anterior portion of the venter. All the surface of the abdomen is covered 
with a network of microscopic impressed lines. Wngs slightly smoky, 
radial area not at all closed along the costal margin. Jet rufous, except 
cox, which are blackish. Length, 214 to 3 mm. 


Described from two bred females, 


THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 





Male—Except feet, entirely black; length, 244 mm. ; otherwise like 
females. 
Described from one bred specimen. 


R. FULGENS, 7. Sp. 


Gall unknown. 

_Gall-flies.—All females, measuring from 234 to 4 mm. in length; 
general colour, rufous. ead, dark rufous, beneath the eyes and back of 
the eyes at the sides of the vertex washed with blackish ; in small indi- 
viduals the head is darker in colour, in some entirely black, with the excep- 
tion of a narrow streak in the middle of the face ; there is also, in every 
case but one, some rufous colouring upon the genz. Lower face rather 
coarsely rugose, vertex and occiput finely rugose, ocelli and compound 
eyes whitish, in one case red, in no case black ; antennz 14-jointed, the 
first three joints rufous, the remainder black. Zhorax, rufous quite dark 
in the small individuals, parapsidal and median grooves well defined, all 
extending to the collar ; ridges outside the parapsidal grooves and between 
these and the median groove smooth and shining and sparsely punctured. 
Under a power of 60 diameters these smooth polished portions are seen 
to have the .fine network of impressed lines which is so constant in this 
genus. Scutellum coarsely rugose towards the border, where it is blackish, 
more finely rufous on the raised central portion ; no fove, but the usual 
transverse groove. Metathorax, a patch on mesopleura beneath the wings, 
and sternum black ; in small specimens the whole mesopleura is black, 
except a shining rufous spot beneath the wings, entire pleure finely to 
coarsely rugose. Abdomen rufous, somewhat blackish on dorsum and 
venter, all the segments covered with the network of impressed lines, but 
they are too fine to be seen with a low power on the sides of the second 
segment. Wengs slightly and evenly smoky, nervures slender, with no 
cloudiness surrounding them, brown in colour, the heaviest not being 
black, areolet medium, radical cell not at all closed along the costal 
margin. ef, including coxe, entirely rufous, in the smallest and darkest 
individuals the coxze somewhat blackish at base. 

Described from 17 flies sent me by Prof. J. M. Aldrich, from S. Dakota, 
and 11 flies bred in this laboratory. The galls in both cases have been 
lost or confused with others. The flies are at once separated from 
R. multispinosa, R. arefactus, and what I suppose to be Riley’s R&. tuder- 
culator, which they much resemble, by the polished mesothorax and the 
greatly developed median groove. 


160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


WASHINGTON PHALANGIDA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A 
NEW SOUTHERN LIOBUNUM. 


BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y. 


During the past few years Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washing- 
ton State, has kindly sent me many interesting arachnids from that region. 
Among them quite a number of phalangids, some of which have been 
described, others will be given in this paper. Previous to my descriptions 
of Californian and Washington phalangids of last year, but one species 
(Liobunum exilipes, Wood) was known from the Pacific region ; I have 
described and recorded fifteen others. These, with the four new ones 
described below, make a total of twenty ; probably as many more remain 
to be described. To an Eastern student this fauna is very interesting 
because of the number of peculiar forms not known in the Eastern States. 
The families and genera may be separated by the following table :— 





A compound claw to posterior tarsi, palpi 
I very spiny. ...... See eR ne (Phalangodidee) Sclerobunus. 
All tarsal claws simple. ............ een nee CAS er fara saveiie Samanel 2 
Cae joint of palpus with a claw......... (Phalangidsa).., i jeascereen 
ast igoint of palpusswithout-a iclaw...,.accdeee sss, amsee iaaiee eater eae ete 3 
{ Palpi very short, coxse umited....... ss.c-ne: (Trogulidee) Dendrolasma. 
| Palpi long, coxae separate......es0, ceseeerees (Nemastomide)...........4 
(, Manaiplesmonger than DOdYy. Nascpsss sess case dares Sse cashes . Taracus. 
\ Mandibles shorter than DOGY san costae carae haa aemjattia se adel cages caer camera 
PAG: SHCTIGE Ra See mtb asi noa he wa \cs n'a Joa ypnn ae eaenme™ eateane ine cass LVemastoma. 
Te JOINTS MMUCIE AWOMED .... 560.5 0s4,ae8 bere sama SE ADA Phlegmacera. 


{ Femur I. longer than body, palpal claw denticulate, lateral pore 


} ODIONY 5. seeeeececeeeseeeetter seeeee ceetttnereee erase etree teens -Liobunumn. 
| Femur I. shorter than the body, palpal claw smooth, lateral 


pore ‘nearly CiIneUla ge eect cbs -medseres soe vain ee taamamneneeniaats «ke inne 7 
Eye-tubercle and anterior margin of cephalothorax 

7} SP UDG Gens ots 610 od va seeerts RMU Vis a oie eke ot se Mae Raia aie Lfomolophus. 

Eye-tubercle and anterior margin smooth,.........6.-seeee- Leptobunus. 


ScLeRopuNus, Banks. . 
Both species of this genus occur in the State. 
Colour redsstips, of legs) black isc cravat decane os 1 te ceneky see. LOOUStUS, 
Colour brown, tips of legs yellowish.....sscese.se seseee eeeeere DFUNRNCUS. 


Sclerobunus robustus, Pack. 
Phalangodes robusta, Pack. The Cave Fauna of North America, 1888, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 161 





This species is quite common from Colorado north-westward to the 
Pacific. 

Sclerobunus brunneus, Banks. ‘Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1893. 

This is not uncommon near Olvmpia. 

TARACUS, Simon. 
Taracus pallipes, 0. sp. 

Length of body, 6 mm. ; mandibles, 9 mm. 

Colour—Cephalothorax pale, with a broad, black, median stripe, as 
wide as the base of the mandibles ; abdomen dark gray above with black 
spots ; venter pale, darker near tip; legs pale, except tarsi, which are 
mostly black ; mandibles black ; palpi pale, except last joint, which is 
dark brown. 

Cephalothorax smooth, with a prominent median spine behind the 
eye-tubercle, the latter with several small projections, each tipped with a 
hair ; anterior margin of cephalothorax strongly bi-emarginate. The dor- 
sum of the abdomen has many conical tubercles of various sizes ; none, 
however, large ; they are somewhat irregularly arranged in transverse 
rows ; these tubercles are black, and have their base surrounded by a 
black ring. Femur II. is as long as the basal joint of the mandibles, 
which is equal to three-fourths of the body ; the femur of the palpus is 
longer than the femur of leg I. and shorter than femur II. ; the last joint 
of palpus is about one-fourth the length of the penultimate joint; the 
basal joints of the mandibles have many small elevations, each bearing a hair. 

Locality—Washington State, one male and one female. 

This species is larger, much less spiny, and darker coloured than 
T. spinosus; the mandibles slightiy longer and the legs more slender 
than in that species. Some young specimens, one millimetre long, have 
the mandibles much shorter than in the adult, thus plainly showing that 
the genus has developed from forms with normal mandibles. 
PHLEGMACERA, Packard. 

Phlegmacera occidentalis, Banks. Psyche, Feb., 1894. 

This species is quite frequent near Olympia. 
NeEMasTOMA, Koch. 

Nemastoma modesta, Banks. Psyche, Feb., 1894. 

This is common in California and Washington. 
DENDROLASMA, Banks. 
Dendrolasma mirabilis, Banks. Psyche, Jan., 1894. 

Uncommon ; I have but two specimens. 


162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Liopunum, Koch 
The three species known to me may be seyarated as follows, applying 
especially to the males : | 
Palpus with tibia, patella and tip of femur dark brown, 
dorsum mostly ‘blaekish'.1175 2: Ga siecbekarns tacts scsi conte tee eee ee 
Palpus and ‘dorsum paler. 
Spinules on venter and coxee, trochanters brown, a brown 


median stripe on Gorsumas.-sie~1 stents ws ontee sasaials »\se sn oa f @OCILOMEMEs 
Only stiff black hairs on coxe and venter, trochanters pale, 
a large cruciate mark on the abdomen), :... a0 <inetes'ssuee parvulum. 


Liobunum pacificum, nov. sp. 

Length, ¢ 4.2 mm.; femur I. 5.8 mm., tibia I. 4.5 mm., femur IV. 
g mm., tibia IV. 6.8 mm. Dorsum, dirty white to gray, with a 
broad median brown stripe above, which is nearly equal in width 
throughout, barely wider at middle of abdomen ; two diverging white 
stripes run from the eye-tubercle to the anterior margin of the cephalo- 
thorax ; a few brown spots on each side of cephalothorax ; venter coxz 
and palpi whitish ; legs dirty white, trochanters brown, patelle and tips 
of femora and tibize light brown, tarsi brownish ; basal joint of mandibles 
with a brown line above. Eye-tubercle moderate, with a few blunt pro- 
cesses above. Palpus with spinules, largest on femur; none of the joints 
have their angles prolonged ; tarsus nearly straight, as long as patella plus 
tibia, claw with a few small teeth near base. Dorsum of abdomen granu- 
late. Coxe, trochanters, sternum and ventral segments with spinules; a 
white spine on inner tip of cox J. and II.; legs with short stiff hairs, 
three or four false articulations in metatarsus I., none in tibia II. 

? length, 7 mm., femur I. 6.2 mm. Similarto the ¢, but the brown 
stripe is usually broken up into small patches on the cephalothorax, and 
indistinct on the posterior half of the abdomen ; the spinules on the palpi 
are smaller, and there are but three or four on each side of each ventral 
segment. 

Sometimes the legs are brownish and the dorsum suffused with brown. 

Numerous specimens, ¢ and 2, from Olympia, Washington. 
Liobunum exilipes, Wood. 

Phalangium exilipes, Wood, Bull. Essex Institute, Vol. VI., p. 23. 
This was described from California and Nevada; I have a number of 
specimens which agree quite well with the description, but in most of 
them there is a broad yellow band near the middle of the abdomen, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163 








behind which the dorsum is much spotted; in front it is black, with a few 
spots on each segment ; the patellee of tne legs are dark brown ; only ina 
few specimens are the white lines in front of the eye-tubercle bent to form 
a white margin ; the palpus has the tibia, patella and tip of femur black 
only in the male. 

Olympia, Washington, ¢ and °. 

Liobunum parvulum, nov. sp. 


Length, ¢ 4 mm.; femur I. 5 mm., tibia I. 4 mm, femur IV. 7 mm., 
tibia IV. 5.2 mm. Dorsum grayish, with a large spot on abdomen in the 
form of a Greek cross, mostly brownish, but paler within, the truncate tip 
reaching just beyond the middle of the abdomen; on the cephalothorax sev- 
eral dark brown patches, more or less connected; no distinct lines from the 
eye-tubercle to the anterior margin ; palpi whitish, with a brown line above 
on patella and base of tibia ; venter, coxee and trochanters white ; legs pale, 
with broad brown bands at tips of femora and tibize, less distinct ones on 
middles of these joints; patelle brown, tarsi mostly blackish. Eye-tubercle 
very low and smooth. Coxe, trochanters, venter, sternum, palpi and legs 
with short stiff black hairs, no spinules, a white spine on inner tips of 
cox I., II. and III. Several false articulations in metatarsus I., three or 
four in tibia II. ‘Tibia of palpus straight, much longer than patella, 
tarsus slightly curved ; about as long as tibia plus patella; claw with a few 
fine teeth near base, none of the angles of the joints prolonged. 


@ Length, 5 mm.; femur I. 4.2 mm. Similar to male; mandibles 
slightly brownish, margin of abdomen deeper gray, ventral segments with 
afew brown spots. The ovipositor is extruded; it is about haif as long as 

body, cylindical and ringed, blackish in the middle. 

Two males and one female, Olympia, Washington. 

LEPTOBUNUS, Banks. 

I have several specimens of a species belonging to this genus, but as 
they are all young, I will not describe them. 

Homo.opuus, Banks. 

I would consider A@ztopus biceps, Thorell,as a Homolophus, though the 
last joint of the palpus is longer than the two preceding; a better 
character for the genus is the presence of the two prominent supra-mandi- 
bular teeth. Mitopus, Thorell (of which JZ. Moro, Fab., was made the 
type), differs from Oligolophus in having no spines to the femur of palpus. 
O. montanus, Bks., would thus be a Mitopus. From Washington and 


164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Idaho, I have another species of Homolophus, differing from AZ. biceps 
in the longer body, more spinose character, and in coloration. 


Homolophus punctatus, Nov. sp. 

Length, ¢ 4 mm., breadth, 2 mm.; femur I. 2.6 mm., tibia I. 2. 
mm., femur IV. 4 mm., tibia IV. 3 mm. Dorsum pale brownish, with 
a great many small white spots and darker brown punctures ; eye-tubercle 
with a broad white stripe above ; a bifid white stripe from eye-tubercle to 
anterior margin; venter, sternum and cox whitish, stigmata and some 
spots on the venter, brown ; trochanters white ; legs brownish, darker on 
patelle and ends of tibize ; palpus with tibia, patella and most of femur 
black, tarsus paler ; basal joint of mandibles brown above. Dorsum with 
many spinules, a pair of elevations on anterior margin of cephalothorax 
each bearing eight or ten small spines ; two rows of small spines above 
on eye-tubercle ; two prominent white supra-mandibular teeth ; lateral 
pore nearly circular ; no spinules on coxz except on sides near tip; a 
white spine on inner tip of coxe I and II; sternum and venter smooth ; 
legs with femora, patellze and tibiae quite stout, and with spinules ; a false 
articulation in metatarsus I., none in tibia II.; palpus short, basal joints 
very stout, with a few spinules and many short, stiff, black hairs ; tarsus 
curved, not quite as long as tibia plus patella, with blunt spinules 
beneath ; claw smooth. 

9 length, 5 mm., breadth, 2.4 mm_ Similar to male, but the median 
stripe is more distinct. 

One ¢ Olympia, Washington ; one ? Bear, Idaho [L. M. Cockerell]. 


Liobunum flavum, nov. sp. 

Length, ¢ 5.5 mm., breadth, 4 mm: ; femur 1.1.3 :mm., -tiloige 
8 mm., femur IV. 17 mm., tibia lV. 12mm. Wholly yellow, an indistinct 
trace of a brown vase-mark on abdomen, patellze of legs faintly brownish, 
tarsi whitish ; cephalothorax with a few yellow-brown spots ; eyes black. 
Dorsum hard, nearly coriaceous, covered with spinules; venter, sternum, 
coxee, trochanters and femora with spinules, quite large on the coxz ; 
cephalothorax broad ; eye-tubercle with a few spinuels ; a row of plates 
on each side of each coxa; a spine on inner tips of coxe I., II. and IIL. ; 
several false articulations in metatarsus I. and two or three in tibia II. ; 
palpus slender, with a few spinules, tibia but little longer than patella, 
tarsus curved, longer than tibia plus patella, claw with a few small teeth 
near base. 

? Length, 8 mm., femur IV. 13 mm. Similar to ¢, but a little more 
browish, legs shorter and more reddish, fewer spinules on the venter, 
body softer. 

One 4, Shreveport, La. ; one 9, Harper’s Ferry, W. Va. 

The appearance of this species is somewhat like Z. verrucosum, but 
the trochanters are pale and there is no golden tinge. It is more closely 
related to Z. ventricosum, but has longer and lighter legs, with a more 
spinose body. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165 


FLORIDA APHORURID. 


[The following letter was communicated to me by Dr. Leonhard Ste}- 
neger, U.S. National Museum, through Mr. E. A. Schwarz. It is of 
particular interest, giving new localities for two species and adding one to 
our faunal list. ALEx. D. MacGILiivray]| :— 

During my sojourn in Florida, 1892-93, I happened to collect some 
small insects, Collembola, of the family Lipuride. As I suppose very 
little, if anything, is known about the representatives of this group from 
that country, I presume every little contribution to the knowledge must be 
of a certain interest, and I thus take the liberty of writing you this letter. 
I have found three species, and my friend, Dr. H. Schott, who is a specialist 
in this matter, has assisted me in classifying them. The first species is 
the small white Zzpura* inermis, Tullberg, easily recognized as entirely 
wanting anal spines (‘‘ spine anales”). It was known before this from 
Sweden, Finland, Sumatra and California, and probably from Germany 
and Italy. Thus it is widely distributed, but it must, anyhow, be very in- 
teresting to have it ascertained from a place so far distant from the other 
ones as Florida. In that State I found it twice. Both times it was 
walking about on top of the water at the border of a small lake not far 
from Clarhana, on the Orange Belt Railroad, in Orange county. 

The second species is Anurida Tudlbergi, Schott. It isa good deal 
larger and blackish with a faint blackish tint. Characteristics for this 
species are that the “ organa postantennalia” show not less than 24-28 
small rays or corpuscles (even called ‘‘tumors” and “ elevations,” but 
I do not find those terms expressive). Till this time, strange to say, it is 
only recorded from Sweden and Finland. I found it at the same place 
and living together with Lipura inermis. 





The third species is Anurida maritima, Laboulbene, with only 7-8 
shorter and thicker corpuscles in the organa postantennalia and three of 
the same kind in the tip of the antenne, which Dr. Schott calls antennal 
organ. ‘This species is already known from the Swedish West Coast, Eng- 
land, France and North America. I hardly think from Florida, though, 
till I found it on Key West. When walking along the shore, turning over 
stones in the water and looking for Blenniids and other fishes, ‘I suddenly, 
under a piece of lime rock, not far from the hospital, found a great num- 
ber of this little insect. It was high, or at least rising, tide, and they were 





*T have changed this name to Aphorura, Lipura being preoccupied. See Can. 
ENDS XOXO TOR ass eave 


166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


collected in a hole on the inferior side of the stone, about one foot below 
the surface of the water. WhenI turned the rock they floated on the 
surface of the sea. A good many of these specimens were young and not 
full grown. 
Hoping these facts will be of some interest for you, 
I have the honour to be, 
Yours very respectfully, 
Dr. EINAR LONNBERG, 
Docent Zoology R. University, Upsala, Sweden, 


NOTES ON THE NEURATION AND RELATIONSHIPS OF 
PIERIDI AND ANTHOCHARIDI. 
BY J. W. TUTT, F. E. S.. LONDON, ENGLAND. 
(Editor of the Aztomologist’s Record, Etc). 


I little thought when I wrote my short note (azte, pp. 47-48) that the 
American species of Anthocharidi were in such a muddle as Mr. Dyar 
has quickly proved them to be. It will be very necessary to go much 
further now with the question, and I would suggest that those who have 
the opportunity should, during this season if possible, and next season if 
it be now too late, examine critically and make drawings of the eggs, larve 
and pupe of the Anthocharids in question and publish them in the Can- 
ADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, where they can be examined by British workers and 
compared with European species. Evidently, as the American species in 
question are widely distributed, it will want a number of willing hands. 

It must be very evident to all scientific lepidopterists that however 
excellent a means of subdivision the neuration may present, yet it is only 
one character of a great many that have to be considered. The neuration 
I consider gives us a prima facie reason for certain groupings, and I have 
but little doubt that the other stages of the insects’ life will in the main 
substantiate the primary groups thus obtained. 

The American species of the genus /ve77s seem to be very homo- 
geneous and the genus fairly defined ; it will have to be left to American 
specialists to determine the position of JVathadlis tole. (The true mem. 
bers of Pieris have six subsegments in the larva). 

The species creusa, sara, julia, Morrisoni and stedla would appear 
to belong to Euch/oé, 7. ¢., they have the neuration (Ave, p. 47. fig. 3.) of 
that genus. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167 





The neuration of Ausonides olympia, coloradensis, h yantis and creusa 
is of a type differing from any British species, but falling intermediate 
between Luchloé (where 6-9* are on a stalk) and Leucophasia (where 
6-11* are on a stalk), since Mr. Dyar describes them as having 6-ro on a 
stalk. It agrees, however, exactly with that of the European species ded7a 
which I note as follows :—“It differs from Sue 
Luchloé in as much as that part of the cell norm- 3 6 
ally between the bases of 6 and 8 (agreeing 
with my nomenclature, p. 47), is contracted to ZEEE 
a point, and consequently 6 starts almost from Gan 
base of 8 ; 10 also starts beyond the cell.” rh 


would appear, therefore, that this group of —~—_———— 





AmericanAnthocharids will fall in generically Fig. 17. 
ae ; ; Nomenclature following that 
with dedia. The neuration of dedia may be Or AN My Dyan Be 


figured thus (Fig. 17): 


It.is evident that the primitive lepidopterous pupa was one which had 
a considerable amount of free movement. Dr. Chapman, whose excellent 
work on this subject should be read by all lepidopterists (Vide Trans. 
Ent. Soc., Lon., 1893, Ent. Record, 1894, p. 25), has come to the con- 
clusion that those pupz which are the most solidified and have the fewest 
number of moveable segments are characteristic of the highest developed 
species, so far as the term ‘‘highest” refers to the greatest amount of 
differentiation which has been undergone from the primitive type. In 
this particular it will be seen that if we take the white butterflies or 
Pierine and consider the groups Preriai and Anthocharidi the latter are 
much more specialised than the former, for, whilst most of the pupz of the 
Pieridi have two moveable abdominal segments (5 & 6), when we 
examine Euchloé cardamines and Leucophasia sinapis we find the move- 
ment entirely gone and the pupa solid. 


It is also worthy of note that this development of the pupa on which 
Dr. Chapman relies so strongly is accompanied in these two groups, so 
far as I have been able to learn, by an increased complexity of neuration, 
caused, if I may say so, by a gradual atrophy of the discoidal cell, and so 
gradual and continuous are the proofs of these developments that there 
seems no real reason for the separation of the two groups which appear 
to form a true and comprehensive whole. dl 


The simplest form of neuration we get in our British species of white 


168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





oe butterflies is that of Agorza which runs as 
shewn in Fig. 18. 

Pieris is also a very simple type. of neur- 
ation (vide ate, p. 47, Fig. 2) where 9 is 
Js absent and a nervure, which I prefer to call 
™/, 8a, takes its place at apex. 

The next step forward is to Euchioe 
(ante, p. 47, Fig. 3), where nervure 8a of 

ie ae Pieris and g of Aporia are both developed. 
This is followed by the neuration of de//a (vide Fig. 17), above, where 6, 
7, 8, 8a, 9 and ro all come from one stalk, 11 only 
coming from the top of the cell. The highest point 
of development in this direction is reached in 
Leucophasia, Fig. 19. 

I have also examined the exotic species, De/éas 
eucharis, which comes nearest to Aporia (Fig. 18); 
but lacks 10; and Zeracolus dane, which comes very 
near Aporia, 7 coming, however, from apex of cell with 8. 

It is very evident that there is plenty to do in these groups before we 
can suppose we know anything about their real relationships, and that 
even in the light of our present knowledge our generic arrangement is 
sadly at fault. I can only hope that these off-hand observations made 
on a few species, when working for other results, may lead to some 
arrangement that does not upset the primary structural characters we 
everywhere meet. 









Fig. 10. 


It may be here not out of place to say why I prefer my own system 
of numbering the nervures. A completely typical butterfly may be ‘said 
to possess 13 nervures (on forewing) ending on the margin of the wing. 
Of these, all are rarely (probably never) present, but those that are must 
have their representatives in the typical butterfly. No. 1, which ends at 
anal angle, is always present. If, now, we look at a Papilio, we see 2, 3 
and 4 coming from the base of the cell, 5 from its lower external point. 
Now, I maintain that this last nervure, which is really a continuation of 
the lower edge of the discoidal cell, should always be called by the same 
number; hence, if we call it 5 in Papz/io, we should call it 5 in every other 
butterfly, since it is structurally identical in all. Now, if we simply 
number upwards, as is done by Mr. Dyar (p. 100), we should call this 
nervure 4 in /verzs, because only two come from bottom of cell (3 being 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 








obsolete), thus destroying the analogy evidently existing between Pafilio 
and /veris. As, therefore, (so far as I know), no butterfly has more than 
12 nervures, and these nervures are not always analogous when numbered 
straight on, and since it has been customary to call the costal nervure 12 
and the two nervures usually arising from the top of the cell 10 and rr, 
I have found it necessary to give the supplementary cell at apex of wing 
another name, and I call it 8a. to prevent confusion. This is all I have 
to offer as an excuse to those gentlemen whose susceptibilities I may have 
offended by my vagary. Iam very sorry, but at present I cannot even 
promise not to offend again. 
“Rayleigh Villa,” Westcombe Hill, S. E, April 13th, 1894. 


NEW SPECIES OF NOTHOCHRYSA. 
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


Since 1861, the date of Hagen’s Synopsis, only three additional 
species of Chrysopide have been recorded from the United States—one 
from Florida, one from Texas and one from California. During the past 
summer I received a short note from Mr. A. P. Morse, of Wellesley, 
Mass., enclosing a few specimens of Chrysopide which he thought might 
prove new to our collection. When the specimens were studied they 
were found to belong to the genus Mothochrysa and probably new. 
Upon communicating this fact to him he requested me to describe the 
species and sent all his material, together with some other miscel- 
laneous Chrysopidz, among which was found another new species of 
Nothochrysa. The collection also contained specimens of Chrysopa 
upsilon, Fitch, and Chrysopa chi, Fitch ; the latter was unknown to Dr. 
Hagen when he wrote his Synopsis, and is apparently rare. 

. The American species of Mothochrysa can be separated by means of 
the following table :— 

A. Antenne with the second segment annulated with 

DCA 262 ae os Se eked A Spree ee annulata. 

A. A. Antennz with the second segment not annulated with black. 
B. Antennz white, prothorax green, size large.......shantasma. 
B. B. Antenne and prothorax black, size small ........ californica. 

Nothochrysa annulata, sp. nov.—Antenne nearly or quite as long as 
the wings, basal segment white, immaculate, second segment ringed with 
biack, remaining segments yellowish ; head ferruginous, marked with 
black, as follows ; Six dots on the vertex, one at each corner of an imagin- 


170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ary square and one behind each eye, an O-shaped mark surrounding the 
base of the antenne, broadest below, interrupted above; a spot between the 
antennee, a crescent-shaped mark on the cheeks below the eyes, its anterior 
horn coalescing with the circle around the antenne, and the apex of the 
palpi; the clypeus slighty emarginate ; prothorax greenish-yellow, longer 
than broad, suddenly narrowed in front just before the middle, sides 
parallel behind the middle, a black dot at each corner and an indistinct 
transverse band at middle; wings hyaline, slightly annular at apex; 
pterostigma long, yellowish ; the longitudinal veins and the veinlets yel- 
lowish white, except the following, which are black: the costal veinlets at 
base and apex, the radio-subcostal cross-vein near the base of the wing, 
the base of the veiniets between the first and second branches of radius, 
the base of the second branch of radius, both series of gradate veins, the 
base of the veinlets given off from the second branch of radius, the long 
cross-vein in the anal angle; in the posterior wings, the costal veinlets 
entirely and base of the veinlets between the first and second branches of 
radius ; twenty-six costal veinlets before the pterostigma, fourteen or 
fifteen between the radius and its sector, nine in the inner gradate series, 
and ten in the outer gradate series ; legs whitish, tarsi darker ; abdomen 
green, hairy. 

Length, 11 mm. ; alar expanse, 30 mm. 

Habitat—Wellesley, Mass , June. . 

Nothochrysa phantasma, sp. nov.—Antenne longer than the wings, 
white, immaculate, basal segment strongly dilated within ; head yellowish- 
white, immaculate ; clypeus emarginate ; palpi white ; prothorax green, 
about as broad as long, narrowed in front, sides gradually widened back- 
wards ; meso-and metathorax yellowish-white, a purplish dot each side 
on the suture between the front and lateral lobes of the mesothorax, some-, 
times wanting ; wings narrow, elongate, hyaline ; hind wings angular at 
apex ; pterostigna long, white, fuscous at base ; the veins and veinlets 
green or white, except the following, which are black: the second branch 
of radius, the basal three or four veinlets between the first and second 
branches of radius, at their base, a spot surrounding the apical cross-vein 
between media and cubitus, and the gradate veins ; in some immature 
specimens none of the veins are black; the veins and margin hairy ; hairs 
short, white ; twenty-six to twenty-nine costal veinlets before the ptero- 
stigma, sixteen to seventeen between the radius and its sector, eight to 
ten in the inner gradate series, seven to nine in the outer gradate series ; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 171 





legs white, tarsi darker ; abdomen green with a median dorsal yellow line ; 
fifth dorsal segment with a large brownish spot. 

Length, 13 mm. ; alar expanse, 46 mm. 

Habitat—West Chop, Massachusetts, July to August. 


The following notes on the habits of this species are of interest :— 
“This beautiful little insect first attracted my attention while strolling at 
twilight along the silent leaf-strewn wood-roads of the Vineyard, in the im- 
mediate vicinity of West Chop. I first noticed it early in July, and it is 
still common in mid-August, 


“‘ Tt seems specially fond of oak trees and is nocturnal! in habits, being 
rarely seen by day. When startled from its resting-place by daylight it 
flutters rapidly and erratically to a neighboring branch or downward to 
the sheltering undergrowth of huckleberry bushes, which everywhere fill 
the woods. Shortly after sundown, however, it awakens to activity, and 
may then be observed as a dimply perceptible paleness drifting silently 
and steadily through the twilight gloom. 


«¢ When taken in the hand, this impalpable apparition resolves itself into 
a ghostly little elf clad in pale-green and white, with brilliant purple eyes 
and gauzy wings ; a veritable dryad of the woods.” 


Nothochrysa californica, Banks.—Antenne shorter than the wings, 
wholly black ; head reddish-yellow, antennal sockets surrounded with 
black, three black streaks above, connected with the black of antennal 
sockets, and a few blackish lines below antennz ; palpi black ; prothorax 
black, with a median light stripe, broader at each end, and the extreme 
margin light, narrowed in front, sides gradually sloping ; meso—and meta- 
thorax black ; wings hyaline, round at apex; veins mostly black ; costa 
and base of radius on fore-wing, costa and almost whole of radius on 
hind-wings, yellowish ; pterostigma brown, throughout its entire length ; 
sixteen or seventeen costal veinlets before the pterostigma, ten or eleven 
between the radius and its sector, ten in the inner gradate series, twelve 
in the outer gradate series ; less testaceous, middle and hind femora 
darker, tips of tibize and joints of tarsi black ; abdomen short, black, the 
posterior margin of the segments on sides narrowly yellowish. 

Length, 9 mm. ; alar expanse, 26 mm. 

Habitat 


I am indebted to Mr. Nathan Banks, Sea Cliff, N. Y., for notes on 
this species. 


California. 





172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





REMARKS ON ZETHUS SLOSSON 2. 
BY WM. J. FOX, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

In the Canapian EntTomotocist for May (page 140) there appears 
an article by Mr.Wm. H. Patton, entitled “Zethus Aztecus in Florida,” in 
which the author attempts to prove that Zethus Poeyi, Slossone and 
aztecus are the same species. As I am the authority for one of these 
species, it was but natural that I should make a study of the trio, in order 
to ascertain if Mr. Patton’s assertions were correct. An examination of 
the material in my possession convinces me that Mr. P. is mistaken, and 
that his conclusions have no facts to enforce them. In my studies I have 
had a series of eight female and seven male specimens of S/ossona@, three 
In the first 


mentioned species, notwithstanding Mr. P.’s statements that the des- 


females and one male of Foeyz, and a female of aztecus. 


cribed differences are but variations, the only variations noticed in my 
series are that sometimes the yellow on clypeus and at apex of petiole 
are wanting. There is no yellow onthe vertex of Svosson@, while Poeyi (at 
least in the specimens before me) has always two large spots there; in 
general appearance S/ossone is a much more robust insect than Poeyi, 
particularly the head and thorax, and the yellow markings thereon are by 


no means so promiscuous. Z. aztecus is quite a different insect in appear- 
ance from both the other species, and scarcely requires a comparison with 
them. Excluding the characters Patton regards as variations, the species 
differ as follows :— 

SLOSSON. 
Posterior face of metathorax very 


POEYVI. 
Posterior face of metathorax 


smooth, velvety, not at all striated ; 
enlargement of petiole rather finely 
punctured. 

AZTECUS. 

Abdomen black, greater part of 
legs black, petiole with exceedingly 
coarse punctures ; collar above, an- 
teriorly, with a prominent crest ; 


second ventral, abdominal segment 


with large shallow punctures. 





coarsely striated ; enlargement of 
petiole tolerably coarsely punc- 
tured. 
POEYI AND SLOSSON&. 

Abdomen, except petiole, ferru- 
ginous, or claret brown; greater 
part of legs ferruginous * * * *; 
collar above, anteriorly, scarcely 
crested ; second ventral segment 
with fine, sparse punctures. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Lies 





ON OCHYRIA FERRUGATA, CL. 
BY LOUIS B. PROUT, F. E. S$, LONDON, N. E., ENGLAND, 


I have recently been investigating the synonymy, and the natural 
history generally,.,of the two species of geometers which are frequently 
confused under the above name,* and as Packard was not quite clear 
about the matter, it seems desirable to call attention to the true position 
of their American representative. In Germany there has been frequent 
doubt whether /errugata, Linn., and spadicearia, Bkh., were, or were 
not, specifically identical, and Zeller, to whom Packard owed his information 
concerning the European forms, came to the erroneous conclusion, 
though somewhat waveringly (see Stettin Amt. Zeit. xxxviil., p. 464), that 
they were forms of one and the same insect. He held that ferrugata, 
Cl., was really the spadicearia form, ferrugata, Linn. the ferrugata form 
(according to German usage), but, of course, did not touch the synonymy, 
believing that he dealt with but one species (Stettin Ht. Zeit., xiv., 249). 
Now, when he sent examples to Packard, he naturally sent the form which 
is labelled as typical ferrugata in his collection (the darker, purple-banded 
form =ferrugata of L.inn., H.-S., etc.). This, as Packard says, agrees 
entirely with the American speciest, and it is this of which the black- 
banded form (var. waidentaria of Packard) is a variety (Stettin Zu. 
Zeit., xlvi., 93). 

But now, turning to England, we find that the specific distinctness of 
the two insects (now abundantly proved) has been less questioned, 
though, unfortunately, Haworth is responsible for considerable confusion 
of synonymy. Like Zeller, he accepted Clerck’s figure (/coves, 6, 14) as 
the lighter red species (= spadicearia, Bkh.), but knew nothing of the 
name sfadicearia, and introduced the species to British entomologists as 
ferrugaria ; the other species, which is generally black-banded in Eng- 
land, though in America purple-banded forms seem common also, he 
named wnidentaria. 

In brief, spadicearta, Bkh. is = ferrugaria, Haw., Steph, Newman” 
and perhaps = ferrugata, Cl., though his figure is very poor; ferrugaria,. 
Linn., H.-S., Zeller, Packard, is =unidentaria, Haw., but its earliest name,, 





*Some of the results of my investigations may be seen in the Avtomologists’ 
Record, Vol. V., p. 111, etc., London, 1894. 

+I have tested this by the material in our National Museum, and by some speci 
mens kindly sent me by Mr. H. F. Wickham, of Iowa City. 


174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


assuming fer7ugata to be preoccupied by the other species, is corcu/ata, 
Hfn., Berl. Mag., iv., 94. 

So far as I have ascertained, sfadicearia, Bkh., does not occur in the 
New World, and the following of Packard’s citations must be deleted, as 
belonging thereto :— 

Ferrugata, Cl. Ic. Ins., 6, 14, 1759 (perhaps). 
Hiibn., Schm. Eur., ea 

Stph., Nomencl., Br. Ins., 44, 1829. 

Stph., Ill, ii 210, Tose. 

Stph., Cat. i Lep., 186, 1850. 


Also, theoretically, the larval description from Newman’s “ British 
Moths,” though practically the two larve are so similar that the descrip- 
tion of one will apply to the other. Nevertheless, it will be well for 
American workers to bear in mind that our ferrugata is not identical 
with theirs. 





PROFESSOR 'C> Vi RILEY: 


Every entomologist in North America will, we are confident, join with 
us in the expression of the deepest regret that Professor C. V. Riley has 
felt compelled, owing to the impaired state of his health, to resign his 
position as entomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, 
The admirable work that Dr. Riley and his staff have accomplished, both 
in scientific and economic entomology during the many years that he was 
Director of the Division, is so well and widely known that it is unncessary 
to enter into any details here. There are few who possess in so eminent 
a degree as Dr. Riley scientific ability, accurate knowledge, painstaking 
industry and acute powers of observation; these gifts and attainments have 
been abundantly manifested in the immense additions that he has made 
to the knowledge of insect life in all its various phases, and it would be a 
calamity indeed if they were withdrawn from active exercise. It is grati- 
fying, then, to learn that Dr. Riley will retain the honorary Curatorship of 
the Department of Insects in the U. S. National Museum, at Washington, 
and that he will now devote himself to some long-contemplated work of 
a purely scientific character. We earnestly trust that the relief from the 
cares and anxieties of administrative work in a Government Office will 
speedily restore his health and strength, and that we shall see the fruits of 
his labours during many a year to come. 


While we deplore Dr. Riley’s resignation, we cannot refrain from 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. L755 





expressing our gratification at the appointment of his successor. The 
authorities at Washington have shown their wisdom in conferring the 
vacant office upon Mr. L. O. Howard, who has been so long and so ably 
sharing in its duties as First Assistant. Tne Department is certainly to be 
congratulated upon having at hand a skilled and learned entomologist, 
who possesses in every respect the varied qualifications necessary for the 
successful performance of so important an office. We have every con- 
fidence that the world-wide reputation now possessed by the Division of 
Entomology at Washington, will be in nowise impaired under the adminis- 
tration of Mr. Howard, and we heartily wish him health, strength and long 
life for the successtul performance of his arduous and important duties, 





NOTES. 


Mr. C. H. TyLer TownsenpD has resigned his position as Curator of 
the Museum at Kingston, Jamaica, and has returned to Las Cruces, New 
Mexico. He begs that his correspondents will take note of his change 
of address. ee 

At the recent meeting of the Royal Society of Canada, held in Ottawa 
(May 22-26), Mr. W. H. Harrincron, President of the Entomological 
Society of Ontario, and the Rev. G. W. TayLor, a member of the 
Society, were unanimously elected Fellows. The meeting was highly 


successful, many of the papers read being able and valuable contributions 
to scientific knowledge. The Governor-General, Lord Aberdeen, was in 
constant attendance, and treated the members with great hospitality. 
The entomologists present were especially charmed to meet and welcome 
Mr. S. H. Scudder, who was one of the distinguished visitors from the 
United States. 


Tue Poputar ScriENcE News (Boston Mass.), has recently been 
much improved in form and matter, under the editorship of Dr. James R. 
Nichols. It is now filled with interesting articles, many of them illus- 
trated, by eminent writers in different departments of science. The last 
two numbers contain articles by Prof. J. B. Smith, on the ‘“ Insect Para- 
sites of Animals.” a 


The first two parts of Mr. P. Wytsman’s (79 Rue Neuve, Brussels, 
Belgium) reproduction of HuBNeEr’s Exoric BUTTERFLIES have been: re- 
ceived. Each consists of ten coloured plates, without letterpress. ~They 
are very nicely executed on hand-made paper, and are evidently faithful 
copies both in drawing and colouring of the originals. The work will be 
completed in sixty parts, and will contain about 600 plates; the syn- 
onymy, nomenclature, etc., will be revised and brought down to date by 
Mr, W. F. Kirby, of the British Museum. 


176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 





CORRESPONDENCE. 





PAPILIO CRESPHONTES, 


Sir,—About the 17th of August, a specimen of Papilio cresphontes 
was seen by Mr, Charles Currelley, on the southern shore of Sparrow 
Lake, about one hundred and ten miles north of Lake Ontario. It was a 
fine specimen and was flying aimlessly about over the water. I think 
that this is the most northerly appeaagce of this insect which has been 
recorded. CaRLYLE ELLis, Toronto. 





BREPHOS INFANS MOESCHL, AT OTTAWA, 


I have much pleasure in recording the capture of a nice specimen of 
this rare and beautiful moth, at Ottawa. It was taken by Lady Marjorie A. 
Hamilton-Gordon, who writes: “I caught it in a sunny glade of fir woods, 
behind Government House, on April 12th. It was among fir trees 
and stumps. I had seen one there two days before, flying high among 
the trees. I noticed my specimen crawling up a long stalk, with its 
wings closed; and then it flew away, more like a butterfly than a moth.” 
The Ottawa entomologists have been on the lookout for this insect 

for many years ; but, until now, no one has succeeded in securing it. We 
hope that Lady Marjorie, who is an enthusiastic callector, will be equally 
fortunate with some of the other insects which ought to be found at 
Ottawa, but which have not yet been discovered here. J. FLETCHER. 


CORRIGENDA. 


Sir,—It is, perhaps, worth while to suggest corrections for several 
errors noticed in recent issues of Canadian Entomologist :— 

In October number, 1892, on p. 265, lines 12 to 14 contain an 
inaccuracy. My observations indicated willow as a food-plant of the 
larva of Codias nastes (not C. interior). The record was correctly made 
by Mr. Fletcher in 1889 (Twentieth Annual Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., page 7). 

An error occurs in March number, 1893. On p. 87, line 20, Banff is 
mentioned as a Canadian habitat of Chzonobas Brucet. The correct 
locality is Hector, B. C. 

On p. 54, March number, 1892, Mr. W. H. Edwards mentions my 
having told him that Vaccinium was the food-plant of Co/éas interior. 
My statement requires correction. It referred to a local species, which 
at that time I considered as probably Jzterzor, but which, with more 
complete material, has proved to be allied more closely to Pe/idne and 
Scudderi than to Lnterior. Tuomas E. Bran, tees Alberta. 





Mailed June 9th. 


Eh 4 ntomologrst. 





VOL. XXVIL LONDON, JULY, eae None: 








A PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN 
DECTICIDA:. 


BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 


Having recently put my own collection of Decticide into systematic 
order and treated the collection of the U. S. National Museum entrusted 
to me by Dr. C. V. Riley ina similar manner, I have thought it would 
assist in obtaining better material for a future monograph if I were to 
publish at least a generic discrimination of the material at hand. At the 
same time I am able to clear up most of the synonymy of the species and 
assign to their proper location the various described species, very few of which 
(7 out of 23) will be found to have been originally placed in the genera to 
which they are here assigned. This is partly because it has been neces- 
sary to establish new generic categories for a large number of our species, 
which are very insufficiently known, having awaited a student ever since 
Herman’s sketch of the genera of Decticide twenty years ago. In the 
course of another year I hope to make a complete study, and not only to 
characterize the genera more carefully, but to describe the numerous 
species here indicated. It is evident that in the West a considerable 


“s 
number of species are likely to occur additional to those now knowny to” 


me, which number about fifty, divided among fifteen genera, five of which 
are monotypic, and only one of which is found also in the Old World, 
Much might be said regarding the geographical distribution of the genera; 
but I will reserve that for a future occasion. ¢ sat 


> ee 
TABLE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE GENERA OF N. A. pecries BE. 


. Prosternum armed with two erect spines. S 


bx. Four terminal spines on the lower side of the hind femorayy+** 


two smaller ones between a larger pair. 
cr. Ovipositor straight. 
dx. Prosternal spines short, obtuse. . .. Lngoniaspis. 
dz. Prosternal spines long and slender, oe 
BNCAmeMe er 2/0: TELE y she caine te, Renn era T CUS: 


178 THE CANADIAN’ ENTOMOLOGIST. 





c2. Ovipositor arcuate. 
dx. Ovipositor curved downward; a median 
carina on the prothorax.............-Drymadusa. 
de, Ovipositor curved upward ; no median 
Caria ON PrOuUera s.shs 4). sees eee Orchesticus. 
be. Two terminal spines only (the outer) on lower | 
side of hind femora....... LUNs da hes cnn A POPIEOSAES: 
a2, Prosternum unarmed. 
b1. Fore tibize spined above on both margins. 
cr. Large bulky insects; tegmina of ¢ almost 
completely concealed beneath the pronotum ; 
eyes but little larger than antennal scrobes. .. .. Anabrus. 
co, Relatively small insects ; exposed portion 
of ¢ tegmina half as large as prono- 
tum ; eyes fully twice as large as antennal 
SCTODES ec Aiays thats aOR coe eee eevee Cacopteris, p. p- 
be, Fore tibize spined above on outer margin only. 
cr. Fore tibize with several spines above on outer margin. 
dx. Fore tibiee with three spines above on outer margin. 
ex. Legs short, the hind femora scarcely or 
not extending beyond abdomen ; sur- 
face of pronotum granulate........ Peranabrus. 
es, Legs long, the hind femora extending far beyond 
abdomen ; surface of pronotum smooth. 
fr. Pronotum without distinct lateral carinz, except 
sometimes posteriorly ; a median carina rarely 
present and then weak. 
«1. Pronotum transversely arched as much on the 
posterior as on the anterior half. 


hr. Ovipositor straight...... Cacopteris, p. p. 
he. Ovipositor arcuate.......... Eremopedes. 
¢2, Pronotum laterally subangulate pos- ; 


teriorly, and often with a slight me- 


Ciamscarintlay scent eee Tdiostatus. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179 





fe. Pronotum’ with distinct lateral and median 
caring, the latter sometimes weak. 
g1. Lateral carinz of pronotum parallel . 
orsubparallel: tanta cs @ OLCEFON YS. 
Lateral carinze approximated in 
middle of anterior half of pronotum, 
so as to narrow the dorsum by 
nearly: \one-half....0002.2 Seen Ldionotus. 
d2. Fore tibize with four spines above on outer margin. 
er. Descending lobesof pronotum declivent, 
fhevG@Orsnin, WArlOwes 6,6. gies nce wee oe Clinopleura. 
e2. Descending lobes of pronotum narrow, 
the dorsum broad.................Plagiostira. 
c2. Fore tibize with only one spine above on outer mar- 
iny Situated ate aper io. Tau) Pen alle. ea. ACODER 


is} 


Enconiaspis, Brunner (Rév. Syst. Orth., 185). 


No species of this genus has yet been described. Brunner founded it 

» upon a species from Missouri, in his collection, which is very likely the 

same as that represented in the Riley collection of the U.S. National 
Museum by an imperfect specimen from an unknown locality. 


ATLANTICUS (atAavTiKds) Gen, nov. 


This generic name is proposed for the only species of Decticidz 
(except some species of Orchesticus) that occur on the Atlantic slope 
of North America, and are confined to that district, or at 

least to the region east of the Mississippi. They resemble the 
European Thamnotrizon in general appearance, but have a spined 
prosternum. ‘They are closely related to Engoniaspis, but the males are 
not apterous, the prosternal spines are well developed and the cerci 
are not depressed. Three species are known to me, two of them long 
ago described by Burmeister under the names of Decticus dorsalis and 
D. pachymerus (one of them, probably the latter, afterwards described by 
Walker as Decticus derogatus), and a third, which appears to be a more 
southern and robuster form, represented in my collection by two pairs 
coming from North Carolina tq Florida. ‘These species may be thus dis- 
tinguished :— 

Inner tooth of ¢ cerci short; lateral carine of pronotum sharply 

pronounced. 


180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Hind femora less than twice as long as the pronotum; ex- 
posed portion of g tegmina almost as ample as the pro- 
TROON SS. So a ea athe SMPERIEIEL  oe | see plete ses ees APR nM a tm 
Hind femora more than twice as long as the pronotum ; exposed 


portion of jf tegmina less than one-third as ample as the prono- 


PAUIDD 0-5 ow sje thao anges Ga EN pak Ramee kcaligkee ky SaaS emer amare 
Inner tooth of # cerci long ; lateral carine of pronotum not sharply 
PFONOUNCEE Sy LEN A a Ne Piel POE A UR gs Bil em et 


Drymapbusa Stein (Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., IV., 257). 


Recognized in an undescribed species in my coilection, represented 
by a single ? from Oregon, in which the tegmina are very abbreviated 
and the ovipositor apically decurved. The genus has not before been 
known to occur in. the New World, and appears to be the only genus of 
Decticidze common to the two worlds. I have no European species with 
which to compare it, but from the description of the genus it seems to 
belong here, though the pronotum has a distinct median carina pos- 
teriorly. 


OrCHESTICUS Saussure (Rev. Mag. Zool., 1859, 201). 


This genus was founded upon a species from Tennessee, O. americanus, 
Sauss., unknown to me. The genus is, however, the richest in species of 
any of our Decticide, no less than six nominal species having been 
described, some of them (not yet carefully studied) possibly synonymous, 
and all, excepting the typical species, described under other generic names, 
These are, to give them in the order of their publication-: Anabrus hal- 
demanti Girard, Anabrus minutus and A. stevensonii Thomas, and 
Thyreonotus cragini and TZ. scudderi Bruner. All of these are from the 
Mississippi Valley and the mountain region on the west, which seem to 
be the home of the genus, though it occurs also sparingly on the 
Atlantic slope. In a preliminary arrangement of the species in the 
collections at hand I have separated about a dozen species. 


Tropizaspis Brunner (Rév. Syst. Orth., 187). 


To this genus belongs Ar-ytropteris steindachner: Herm., from Puget 
Sound. The genus seems to be peculiar to the Pacific Coast, from whence 
half a dozen species are known to me, none but the above described, and 
this not heretofore referred to the present genus. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181 








ANnaBRuUS. Haldeman (Stansb., Salt Lake, 372). 

This genus was founded upon a species from Salt Lake, 4. simplex, 
and the genus seems to be mainly confined to the elevated*country west 
of the Mississippi prairies. Three other nominal species have been 
described, A. purpurascens Uhl., A. similis Scudd., and A. coloradus 
Thom., but whether these are all distinct or are all that exist in our col- 
lections, I have not yet endeavoured to determine. All the above, how- 
ever, certainly belong to Anabrus, but three others, originally described as 
Anabri, belong, as noted above, to Orchesticus. 


PERANABRUS, Gen. nov. 

This generic name is proposed for Zhamuotrizon scabricollis Thom., 
from Southern Montana, which, except for its scabrous pronotum, has 
much the aspect of an Anabrus. It differs from it, however, in lacking 
spines upon the inner margin of the fore-tibize above, and in its distinctly 
carinate pronotum. It is poorly figured by Glover in his Ill. N. A. Ent., 
Orth., pl. 13, fig. 6. 

CacopTERIs (kukés, rTepov), Gen. nov. 

This genus, containing half a dozen species of minor size, none of 
which have been described, is remarkable for the fact that the inner 
margin of the upper surface of the fore-tibiz is sometimes spined and 
sometimes unarmed ; generally individuals of the same species seem to 
be always either one or the other, but in at least two of them, individuals 
of the same species differ in this respect, the males being more frequently 
spined than the females ; when armed, there are always three spines pres- 
ent. The genus is peculiar to California and Western Nevada and the 
southern margin of the United States as far east as the upper Rio Grande. 
It has somewhat the aspect of the European Antaxius. 


EREMOPEDES (epyp0s, 77ddw), Gen. nov. 


Founded on an Arizona species, of which a single ? is in the U.S. 
National Museum. It has a very uniformly rounded, slightly compressed 
body, with a general resemblance to the smaller forms of Orchesticus. 


Ipiostatus Pictet (Mém. Soc. Phys. Gen., XXX., vi. 63). 


Two species of this genus have been described; a smaller, 7. her- 
manni (Stetroxys hermanni Thos.=TJdiostatus californicus Pict.), and a 
larger, /. bidineata (Steiroxys bilineata Yhom.), and there is what is ap- 
parently a third species, with excessively long ovipositor, in the U. S. 
National Museum. All the species come from California and Oregon. 


182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Sreiroxys Hermann (Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXIV. 207). 


We possess three species of this genus, two of which have been 
described : S. ¢ri/ineatus (Thamnotrizon trilineatus Thom.), the type of 
the genus from Wyoming and Utah, and SS. pallidipalpus (Decticus pallt- 
dipalpus Thom.), from Utah, Idaho and Nevada ; and apparently a third 
species from Northern California, Oregon and Alberta, which may be 
called S. borealis. They may be distinguished as follows :— 

Abdomen sruiiegs ornamented with a median series of V-shaped 

black spots.. Moe hae .trilineatus. 

Abdomen with no conspicuous aoe abaguiat Earle 

Hind femora very long, more than three and a-half times longer 

than the pronotum ; dorsal field of pronotum much less than twice 

as long as greatest breadth. nares viRez dare . .borealts. 

Hind femora not so long, Bees curecgen more than ce times as 

long as the pronotum ; dorsal field of pronotum almost twice as 

long as greatest breadth. edad ae eae gh e ...-.pallidipalpus. 
IDIONOTUS (iS.0s, votos), Gen, nov. 

This genus is established on a couple of undescribed species, one in 
the U. S. National Museum, from California, the other in my own collec- 
tion, collected by Kennicott somewhere on his explorations in or going to 
Alaska. It closely resembles Steiroxys. 

CLINOPLEURA (kAivo, TAevpa), Gen. nov. 

This name is proposed for Stecroxys melanopleura Scudd., and its 
allies. It is nearly related to the European Psorodonotus, but is abund- 
antly distinct, with no such prolonged pronotum. The typical species 
comes from Southern California and Utah, and two other Californian 
species are in the U. S. National Museum. 

PraGiostira Scudder (Wheeler’s Ann. Rep., 1876, 501). 

Founded upon P. a/bonotata Scudd., from Northern New Mexico. I 
have what is apparently a second and larger species of uniform colouring, 
but in poor condition, taken on the surveys for the Northern Pacific R. R. 

ATELOPLUS (a7eA7s, 67Aov), Gen. nov. 

A peculiar form, apparently nearly allied to Idiostatus and Cacopteris 
and closely resembling them in general appearance, but remarkable for 
having both margins of the upper surface of the fore-tibize entirely devoid 
of spines, except a single one at the apex on the outer side. I know of 
but one species, from San Diego, California, represented by a single 9 
in the U. S. National Museum. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183 











The following alphabetical list shows the genera to which the 
described species are here referred, with initial bibliographical references :— 
Anabrus coloradus Thom., Rep. Hayd. Surv., V., 440 (Azadrus.) 

" haldemanii Gir., Marcy Expl. Red Riv., 259 [248], pl. 15, 

figs. 5-8 (Orchesticus). 

" minutus Thom., Proc. Philad. Acad., 1870, 1875 (Orchesticus). 

" purpurascens Uhl., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., IT., 550 (Azabrus). 

" similis Scudd., Hayd. Rep. Nebr., 249 (Amabrus). 

" simplex Hald., Stansb., Expl. Utah, 372, pl. 10, fig. 4 (Anabrus). 

" stevensonii Thom., Proc. Philad. Acad., 1870, 1875 (Orchesticus). 
Arytropteris steindachneri Herm., Verh. Zool.—bot. Ges. ‘Wien, XXIV., 

204-205, figs. 98-102 (Zropizasfis). 
Decticus derogatus Walk., Cat. Derm, Salt. Brit. Mus., II., 260 (Aé/an- 
ticus pachymerus). 

" dorsalis Burm., Handb. Entom., II., 713 (A¢danticus). 

" pachymerus Burm., Handb. Entom., II., 712 (A¢/anticus). 

" pallidipalpus Thom., Fin. Rep. Hayd. Surv., V., 442 (Stecroxys). 

" sphagnorum Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., II., 258-259 

(Not a Decticid). 

Idiostatus californicus Pict., Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen., XXX., vi., 64-65, 
figs. 35, 35a (Jdiostatus hermannt). 

Orchesticus americanus Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 1859, 201 (Orchesticus). 

Plagiostira albonotata Scudd., Ann. Rep. Wheel. Surv., 1876, 501 (//a- 
giostira). 

Steiroxys bilineata Thom., Fin. Rep. Wheel. Surv., V., 905 (/dzostatus). 

" hermanni Thom., Fin. Rep. Wheel, Surv., V., 904, pl. 44, fig. 

4 (Zdiostatus). et 

" melanopleura Scudd., Ann, Rep. Wheel. Surv., 1876, 500 

(Clinopleura). 
Thamnotrizon scabricollis Thom., Fin. Rep. Hayd. Surv., V., 441 
(Peranabrus). 
" trilineatus Thom., Proc. Philad. Acad., 1870, 1876 
(Steiroxys). 
Thyreonotus cragini Brun., Bull. Washb. Lab., I., 129 (Orchesticus). 
" scudderi Brun., Bull. Washb. Lab., I., 129-130 (Orchesticus). 

All known North American Decticide are apterous or subapterous, 
their tegmina never extending over more than two abdominal segments or 
thereabouts. But many European species are fully winged, and such 


184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





forms should be looked for in America, especially in the West. To the 
beginner it should be added that by no means all apterous or subapterous 
Locustarians are Decticidz, as witness the ubiquitous Centhophili; but 
Decticidz may be distinguished from other Locustarians (to follow Brun- 
ners latest table for their separation) by having the tarsi more or less 
depressed (the Stenopelmatidze have them distinctly compressed) ; by the 
presence of foramina near the base of the anterior tibie (wanting in 
Gryllacrididz) ; by having the antennz inserted between the eyes, nearer 
the summit of the occiput than the upper margin of the labrum (instead 
of the opposite); by having the first two tarsal joints longitudinally 
sulcate on the sides; by having the fore-tibial foramina slit-like rather 
than elliptical ; by the presence of an apical spine on the outer side of 
the fore-tibiza above (wanting, however, in a single African genus of 
Decticidz) ; and by the presence of a free plantula at the base of the first 
hind tarsal joint beneath, this last character separating them from the 
Locustidz proper, where the plantula is not free. 





BOTYS \URTICALOIDES “NWS: 
BY THE REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC. 

Expanse of wings one and one-fourth inches. Length of Reape S1X- 
tenths of an inch. Head and antenne black. Thorax, above black 
bordered with white, beneath white. Legs white. Wings white, satiny, 
translucent. Primaries have a slight tinge of yellow. On the costa, near 
the middle, are two black or dark brown blotches ; below these, towards 
the inner margin, are two other blotches, sometimes united—the whole 
forming a broken, transverse band. Beyond this, near the hind margin 
and extending from near the inner angle for about two-thirds of the width 
of the wing, is a second, narrower band. Secondaries have a roseate 
tinge. Abdomen above black, the segments bordered with white, and the 
extremity tipped with white ; beneath white. 

Described from four specimens, taken all at one time and flying by 
day, in an “intervale” of Brome County, Province of Quebec. 

Only one other specimen of this insect has, as far as I can learn, been 
taken. It was discovered by Mr. Ashmead and Mr. Linell amongst 


unnamed material in the National Museum at Washington, D. C. 


i 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185 





‘ THREDINIDA. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 
Blennocampa bipartita, Cresson. 

A single fly, bred from a larva on oak at Boston, Mass., appears to 
belong to this species. The fly differs from Mr. Cresson’s description in 
that all the tarsi are blackish ; the abdomen above is largely blackish ; 
there is no luteous tint discernible on the lateral margin of middle lobe 
of mesothorax ; the anterior and posterior margins of the luteous stigma 
are blackish and the veins are nearly black. ‘There are two black points 
in the upper medial cell and one in the second submarginal cell on fore- 
wings. The larva seems to closely resemble that described in the 5th re- 
port U.S. Entom. Commission, p. 206, as Wonophadnus dilutus, Cresson, 
but the fly belongs to a different genus. 

Larva.—Sitting flat on the young leaves of the black oak and eating 
holes through ; solitary. Head wider than high, rounded above ; smooth 
green ; eyes black, with a blackish stripe from each to vertex, and two 
contiguous black spots on upper part of clypeus ; width, 1.4 mm. Abdo- 
minal feet present on joints 6-1: and 13 (20 feet). Body smooth, not 
annulate, the subventral region folded. Colour uniform green. Two 
transverse rows on each segment of Y-shaped furcate processes, in a 
longitudinal plane, arranged as follows: Addorsal, two ; subdorsal, two; 
substigmatal, one; subventral, two, not in line, one below the other. 
The anterior and posterior processes are tipped with black. Length, 12 
mm. 

final stage.—The larva moulted and entered the ground. Smooth, 
annulated, with slightly elevated, concolorous warts instead of processes, 
inconspicuous. Pale greenish, concolorous; head pale testaceous; width, 
1.4 mm. 

The larva formed an elliptical cell in the ground, lined with a black 
secretion, about the first of June. The fly emerged the following April. 
Emphytus canadensis, Kirby. 

(The pansy saw-fly.) 

72 9. The flies differ slightly from Provancher’s description in 
having the fore and middle tarsi dusky toward tips, while the veins and 
stigma are black, rather than dark brown. ; 

Larva.-—Eating the whole leaf, curled spirally on the back ; falls off 
when disturbed. Head rounded, normal, dull black, slightly slaty ; eye 


186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 





and mouth black, the sutures around clypeus pale ; some short, pale 
hairs; width, 1.4 mm. Body of nearly equal width, slightly largest at 
anterior end ; thoracic feet small, abdominal ones well developed, present 
on joints 6 to 13 (22 feet), Segments 6-annulate, rather sharply so, and 
about as distinct as the segmental incisures. Colour slaty black dorsally, 
not shining, smooth, the dorsal vessel showing darker ; below the spiracles 
olive gray. Thoracic feet pale. On each segment, on 2nd annulet, a 
transverse row of minute white points, with a second one on rst annulet 
stigmatally ; a few less conspicuous ones on subventral ridge. 


Final stage-—Head blackish above, pale below ; eye in a black spot ; 
mouth brown; antenne and palpi pointed, minutely brown ringed ; width, 
1.4mm. Body entirely dark olive-gray, rather bluish, slaty, the segments 
neatly 6-annulate, not shining, evenly minutely granular. Feet trans- 
parent, spiracles in paler areas. No white points or tubercles. 


The larve do not feed in this stage, but seek for decayed or soft wood 
in which they bore a gallery to serve as a place for pupation. 

Larve abundant on cultivated pansies at Plattsburg, N. Y., in Septem- 
ber, the flies emerging the following April. . 

E-mphytus cinctipes, Norton. 
(The rare rose saw-fly.) 

Eating the whole leaf and resting on the back, curled spirally, with the 
anal end on top. Head well rounded, flat over clypeus, pale brown, the 
ocelius in a round black spot; mouth blackish, not shining; a blackish 
longitudinal stripe on vertex of head. Width, 1.5mm. Abdominal 
feet present on joints 6-12 and 13 (22 feet); thoracic feet large, visible 
from the dorsal aspect, spreading, but not greatly so. Rather dark green 
dorsally and in spots along the bases of the legs ; whitish subtranslucent 
subventrally and ventrally and on the feet. Minute pointed, conical, 
white dots arranged in three transverse rows on each segment on the 
first, secona and fourth annulets ; on the first annulet, two each side sub- 
dorsally ; on the second and fourth annulets, two subdorsally and two 
laterally and others substigmatally ; but these last are very inconspicuous 
on the pale ground colour. Trachez showing by transparency as a white 
cord. The green colour becomes darker posteriorly and is interrupted at 
joint 12, showing that it is partly due to the food in the alimentary canal. 

Final stage.—Head shining, slightly punctured, pale straw-yellow, 
with large black eye spot ; width, r.5 mm. Body smooth, 6-annulate, 


v 


without any tubercles, coloured as before, but paler. Dorsal colour bluish- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187 


green, especially on joint 2. A little later the black shade reappears on 
the vertex of head, and the dorsal colour of the body becomes dark green. 
The larvz do not feed in this stage, but enter the ground and form a cell 
lined imperfectly and with fragile walls. 

Larve on cultivated rose bushes at Boston, Mass., in June, the flies 
emerging in July. 

Nematus monochroma, Norton. 

664,429. The @ differs from Norton’s description only in 
having the antennz black, including the two basal joints, and the tarsi 
dusky. It differs from the descriptions of JV. ocreatus, Harrington, and 
of WV. mellinus, Cresson, in having no black marks on the thorax or 
abdomen. The metathorax and basal plates are marked with dark brown. 
The ~ is like the 2 below, but above it is largely black. A black patch 
covers the whole top of the head behind the antennz, except a narrow 
border to the eyes. Thorax above shining black ; tegule and posterior 
angles of prothorax pale. Abdomen black above, except at the extreme 
tip. In other specimens the black is more extensive, staining the sides 
below the insertion of the wings and the whole tip of abdomen. 

Larva.—Gregarious, halding to the edge of a leaf by the thoracic feet. 
Head smooth, shining black, a little paler around the mouth or else 
entirely pale testaceous, with the eye black ; width, 1.3 mm. Body green, 
slightly shining, annulate ; abdominal feet present on joints 6-11 and 13 
(20 feet), but very small on joint 13. Two transverse rows per segment of 
elevated black spots, minute on the back, confused laterally and larger, 
especially two subventral ones. Spots obsolete posteriorly. Colour leaf- 
_ green, darker along the back, joint 12 tinged with yellowish. Thoracic 
feet greenish or tinged with black at base. 

Final stage.— Differs in lacking the black spots. The larve enter the 
ground and form neat, dark brown, elliptical cocoons ; that of the 9 
larger than that of the ¢. 

Larve on poplar at Boston, Mass., in June. The flies emerged the 
following April. 

Nematus salicis-odoratus, n. sp. 


(The scented willow saw-fly.) 

1¢g,42 9. @ Length, 5.5mm. Antenne 4 mm. long, black, third 
joint a little shorter than fourth. Head pale testaceous, tips of mandi- 
bles blackish brown ; a large black spot covering ocelli and reaching 
nearly to base of antenne, continued backward more narrowly to the 


188 ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





occiput. Body pale testaceous, with a faint brownish shade; thorax above, 
except the posterior angles and tegulz, black, the sutures marked by pale 
lines ; abdomen with a broad black stripe above, not reaching quite to 
the sides nor to the tip ; end of ovipositor sheaths black. Legs con- 
colorous with body, the tips of posterior tibiz and their tarsi blackish ; 
tarsi of two anterior pair of legs slightly dusky at the tips of the joints. 
Wings hyaline, nervures black, stigma dull luteous or partly blackish. A 
black point in the outer half of second submarginal cell. 


dé Length, 4 mm. The black patch on the: head has a slight lateral 
projection, nearly touching the border of the eye; there is a black line on 
the pleura just below the wings and the venter is shaded with blackish 
brown on prothorax and mesothorax. Otherwise as in the ?. 


Belongs to the group represented by the species sumptus, pleuricus, 
ribestt, lateralis, desmodioides, fulvipes, agilis, pallifrons, nevadensis and 
trifurcatus, but does not seem to be identical with any of them. 

£ggs.—Laid in masses on the under side of a leaf, on the surface with- 
out any saw-cuts. The dried, empty skins measure .8 x.4 mm. 

first larval stage.—Head .3 mm. wide, rounded, shining black as in 
the next stage. é 

Second stage.—Larve eating holes in the leaf, near the eggs. Head 
rounded, full at vertex, black ; width, .5 mm. Body held S-shaped ; 
thoracic feet blackish. Segments annulate shining greenish yellow, pale ; 
the two rows of subventral tubercles visible, smoky ; none seen dorsally. 
Anal plate small, black. 

Third stage-—Head as before ; width, .7 mm.; anal plate and spines 
black. Lateral and subventral tubercles blackish ; subdorsal black spots 
faintly indicated. Body light green; joints 2,12 and 13 posteriorly 
yellowish. Upon approaching a group of these larve upon a tree, their 
peculiar odour is very obvious. 

Fourth stage.—As in the next stage, except that the black markings 
are smaller. Width of head, 1.0 mm. 

Fifth stage-—Head well rounded; clypeus large, quadrate, smooth, 
shining black, the sutures and antennz honey-yellow ; width, 1.4 mm. 
Body normal for Nematus, terminal segments somewhat swollen. 
Thoracic feet large,abdominal ones present on joints 6-11 and 13 (20 feet), 
the last pairsmall. Five medioventral eversible pale yellow scent glands 
behind the feet on joints 6-10. These function in the normal position of 
defense of the larvee when the abdomen is held up in an S-shape. A 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189 





black anal plate with pair of terminal spines. Segments 4-5 annulate, 
smooth, slightly shining, the tubercles obsolete dorsally, but represented 
laterally and subventrally by large, smooth, rounded, shining black 
prominences, largest subventrally. A dorsal and subdorsal row of round 
black spots with irregular edges, four on each segment in a straight, even 
line, not shining like the subventral tubercles. Body light green ; joints 
2, 12 and 13 posteriorly orange. Venter orange-tinted. Thoracic feet 
black, except at the joints ; abdominal ones green. 

Larve entered the earth without moulting and formed thin, elliptical 
black cocoons of uniform close texture. Size, 6 to 7 x 2.5 to 4mm. 

Larve at Wood’s Holl, Mass., in July and August. 





FURTHER NOTES ON SCALE INSECTS (COCCID/). 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCFS, NEW MEX. 


The numbering of these notes is continued from p. 132. 

(9.) Chionaspis ortholobis, Comst. In the middle of March Prof. 
Bruner sent me a Chzonaspfis, which he said was common on cotton- 
wood in Nebraska, being also occasionally found on the white willow. 
It appeared to me to be a new species, and I was about to name it after 
its discoverer, but Mr. L. O. Howard, to whom I had sent specimens, 
delared it was ortholobis. This I could hardly believe, as both ¢ and ? 
scales disagreed with Comstock’s description of C. ortholobis, so I wrote 
disputing the point, and enclosing further specimens. In due time came 
a letter stating that both Mr. Howard and Mr. Pergande had taken great 
trouble to examine numerous specimens and compare them with Com- 
stock’s types, and that the identity was practically certain. 

The fact, therefore, appears that the original description was inade- 
quate and somewhat inaccurate or misleading, so to save others from the 
mistake I came so near making, I append details of the Nebraska 
specimens. 

? Scale snow-white, broadly mytiliform, slightly convex, straight or 
somewhat curved, tapering anteriorly; exuvie yellowish-white, incon- 
spicuous. Removed from the bark, the scale leaves a white mark, the 
so-called ventral scale. (Compared with English C. saZéc’s received from 
Mr. Newstead, our species is quite different; the scales of sa/icis are 
smaller and broader, and not so white, and they have conspicuous 
orange or orange-brown exuvie. C. sa/icis from Rouen, France, received 
from Mr. Morgan, is the same as the English form.) 


190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








9? as described by Comstock. The lobes retain their brown colour 
after the rest of the 2 has become colourless from soda treatment and 
compression. Rows of gland-orifices indicate obsolete segmentation of 
terminal portion. Ventral glands in five groups, each of about 22. 
Mouth-parts very near anterior border. 


Eggs dark purple, found with @ in March. The @, however, is dark 
- brown, not dark purple. 

$ Scale distinctly unicarinate. Comstock laid great stress on the 
keel-less ¢ scale of ortholobis, but my specimens show that it has normally 
a distinct keel. As Mr. Howard remarks, one can find individuals not 
showing any keel, and it so happened that Comstock’s types were of this 
kind. 


Although my supposed new species was thus set aside, Mr. Howard 
tells me that he knows of an undescribed Chzonaspis on Cottonwood. 


(10.) Mytilaspis albus var. concolor, Ckl\l., common on Aériplex 
canescens at Las Cruces, N. M. On March 1g, the males, hitherto un- 
described, were hatching. 


a with the body dark purple, legs very pale yellowish, wings white. 
Thorax long, wings set far back. Caudal style long. Last joint of 
antenna shorter than those before it. Tarsus with long knobbed hairs, 
claw with small knobbed digitules. 


(11.) Aspidiotus abietis (Schrank), Low, 1882. 
n. syn. A. abietis, Comstock. 
n. syn. A. pinz, Comstock, fide Pergande. 


~ Lately Mr. K. Sule wrote me that the Coccus adbietis of Schrank was 
now known to be an Asfidiotus ; therefore, he remarked, Comstock’s A. 
abietis could not be retained, at all events under that name. He was 
not able to say whether adzetis, Comst., was the same as Schrank’s insect, 
but in order that I might determine this point, he was so good as to send 
me examples of adéetis, Schr., which had been found on Pinus silvestris 
at Chuchle, near Prague, Bohemia. 


It happened that I possessed examples of A. adietis, Comst., sent 
from Ithaca, N. Y., by Mr. R. H. Pettit; found on Adzes canadensis. On 
comparing these with those from Europe, I was certain that I had only 
one species before me. Among the Bohemian examples, I found a ¢; 
it was bright yellow, with a dark brown thoracic band 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 191 








Being much interested in this discovery, I hastened to communicate 
it to Messrs. Riley and Howard, at Washington, at the same time sending 
some of the Bohemian material. A reply came, that Mr. Pergande had 
examined my specimens and also Comstock’s types, the result being that 
my opinion as to the identity was fully confirmed, and A. pzzz, Comst., was 
also added to the synonymy! Mr. Pergande’s report was enclosed, and 
it is so interesting that I will take the liberty of reproducing it here:— 


“ Examined A. adietis, Schr., from Bohemia, and compared it with 
specimens of Comstock’s types of abzetzs, and found that both are abso- 
lutely alike. Comstock’s description of adcet/s agrees with the characters 
of the immature female, in which there are no groups of spinnerets; while 
in the mature female there are plainly five groups of spinnerets, exactly 
as in the European form. 


“ Among the specimens of Comstock’s types of A. adzetzs I came 
across one specimen, unlike the rest, with but the two anterior groups of 
spinnerets present ; and found it, after comparing it with the description 
of his Asp. fini, to agree with that species in every particular. 


‘“‘T prepared specimens of his typical 4s/. p7zz and compared them also 
with Comstock’s and the European A. adetis, and found that all three 
of them agree perfectly in every respect. 


“ Those described by Comstock under the name of A. fznz, are nothing 
else than a younger stage of adze/zs.” 


(12.) Aspidiotus ancylus, Putnam. Prof. L. Bruner lately sent me 
examples of an Aspzdiotus, which occurs commonly in the City of Lincoln, 
Nebraska, only on the soft maple. These I found to agree with 4. 
ancylus, except for the fact that I could by no means see the grouped 
glands of that species. Therefore, using Comstock’s synopsis (Cornell 
Report, 1883, p. 56), they would have to be referred to perniciosus;— 
although they were not quite like any perxniciosus I had ever seen, and the 
circumstances under which they were found were against such a reference. 


I then sent specimens to the Dept. Agriculture, remarking on this 
anomaly, but stating that I believed they must certainly be some form of 
ancylus. Mr. Pergande again gave assistance, and found that the lack of 
grouped glands, as in A. adéetis, was simply a sign of immaturity; this he 
practically demonstrated by discovering among the material I sent some 
mature females, which presented the five groups of glands, exactly as in 
typical ancylus. 


192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ON CHIONOBAS ALBERTA, ELWES. 
BY W. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. 


Mr. Wolley Dod has recently sent me from Calgary quite a number 
of specimens of this form, and I consider it a valid species. The 
description, however, of A/berta (3) is quite inadequate. There is 
great variation in expanse of wing, and in colour. Some examples are 
dark brown, some are yellow-white, like the pale V. Ridingsii ; some 
are decidedly fulvous, like Varuna. Of13 ¢ $, all have one ocellus on 
fore-wing, and four have two; none have three. Five have one small 
blind ocellus on hind wings ; the rest none at all. In a few the wings 
are thin, but not so as to permit the ink on the labels to show through, 
while the larger number are as opaque as in Varuna; in the thinner 
ones the mesia! band shows above, defined on both edges ; in the others 
it shows obscurely, and often the inner edge of the band is lost in the 
dark hue of the base. On the under side the general form of the 
mesial band of hind wings is circular exteriorly, and in most cases the 
band is broad; but in other cases it is narrow; the exterior edge is 
sometimes pretty even, a little erose ; in others distinctly crenated, the 
crenations not prominent ; in other cases there is a rounded prominence 
opposite the cell, closely like Varuna. In the larger part of the 
examples the circular or angular outline is broken near costal margin by 
a slight sinus. On the inner side the band has a rounded or angular 
sinus, the deepest part of which falls on median. The largest female 
expands 1.6 inch., and there is the same sort of variation in colour as in 
the males. One has no oceilus on fore-wing ; one has one; three have 
two, and four have three ; two have no ocellus on hind wing, and all the 
rest (7) have one each. In both sexes the fore-wing beneath presents a 
more or less complete band running with the band of hind wings. There 
is nothing of this in Varuna. Mr. Dod sent a large number of eggs, 
which he obtained by confining the females over grass, though, he says, 
they laid on everything except the grass. 

He also sent me twenty-five true Varuna, 6 9. The Alberta are 
labelled as taken from May 12th to May 23rd; the Varuna from May 
20th to May 2oth. 

P. S.—I am able to add that Mrs. Peart reports that the eggs of 
Alberta are ribbed like Arucez, and not at all like UAZerz, which differs 
from all the Chionobas eggs we have seen. Probably Varuna will be 
found to have ribs of the same type as Uh/er?. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193 





CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA—No. 4. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA. 


My last paper dealt chiefly with Ottawa sawflies, and in the present 
article I venture to describe a few Western species which have been for 
some time in my collection, and which seen to be unnamed. Synoptic 
tables are added as an aid to collectors of these insects. 

MONOPHADNUS ATRATUS, 2. Sf. 

Male—Length, 6 mm.; black, polished; head wider than thorax, eyes 
prominent; antenne short and stout, third joint nearly twice as long as 
fourth, four to nine sub-equal. ' Apex of femora and remainder of legs 
pale. Wings slightly infumated, marginal cross-nervure straight, re- 
ceived in third submarginal cell beyond the middle, second recurrent 
nervure received about one-fourth from base of same cell, an opaque dot 
in second. 

Described from one specimen received from the Rev. G. W. Taylor, 
Victoria, Vancouver Island. Allied to AZ. nigrellus, Cress., but in that 
species the third and fourth joints of antennz are about equal in length, 
and the marginal cross-nervure coincides with the apical nervure of third 
submarginal cell. ‘ 

The following table may aid in separating some of the species of this 
genus, but the descriptions of many of the black forms do not give any 
characters sufficiently distinctive to make the determination of specimens 
satisfactory. Probably a critical comparison of the types would reduce 
the number. 

MOoNoPHADNUS, Hartig. 


t (5) Ochraceous or luteous. 

2 (3) Head castaneous, also pleura and mesothorax.. . d/utus, Cress. 

3 (4) Head black, mouth-parts pale............marginicollis, Nort. 

4 (2) Head black, mouth-parts and orbits pale... ....Aé/ey7, Cress. 

5 (8) Dull rufous or chestnut (and black). 

6 (7) Segments of abdomen darker at apex.......ineguidens, Nort. 

7 (6) Segments of abdomen with pale line at apex. ./ineatus, Kirby. 

8 (11) Black, thorax partly rufous. 

Oy C1 Ole eS MM CR, ON. cor hha cove os cis < «  OOTGMS, BAY. 
eS ON oy EMSS 2s See ol Ae ee a is +) 5 of elerinaee ee eO EE: 
tt (:) Black, thorax black. L 
12 (13) Abdomen partly rufo-testaceous.... ...........rubi, Harris. 


var. hudsonicus, Kirby. 


194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





13 (12) Abdomen black. 

14 (21) Tegule and collar black. 

Rie Atty) lees ANAC « ooo. 2c a yn pe op stn RERUNS: 0° «=n ve ei se SCER ASO EE Sy COE 
16 (15) Legs partly white. 

17 (18) Third joint of antennz much longer than fourth. . atratus, n. sp. 
18 (17) Third joint of antenne about equal to fourth. 

19 (20) Wings pale fuliginous, irridescent............#gre/lus, Cress. 
20 (19) Wings hyaline, faintly clouded at base......... 9 ¢7li@, Nort. 
21 (14) Tegulz and collar pale. 

22 (27) Larger species, length about .25 inch. 


23 (24) Legs below trochanters reddish white, base of 
femora idarker we cae 6. s.cin ig. ee ees ieee 


24 (25) Knees, anterior tibiz above, and base more 
or less of the two posterior pair white, ..... irrogatus, Cress. 


25 (26) Knees, tibiz, except tips, and four anterior 

paren exceptapex, ‘Whitte. > twee sac seas oe atracornus, MacG. 
26 (23) Knees, tibize, except tips of posterior, and four 

anterior tarsi, Wilber. 2s siksdast <a Ne creas ete d tiliea, Nort. 
27 (22) Smaller species, length .18 inch ; knees, tibize 

and base of tarsiiwhite. sc 5) 5. )-'5 8 0) 5 a P O70 eS One eas 


TENTHREDO MELANOSOMA, 2%. Sf. 


Female—Length, 12 mm.; black, mouth-parts and anterior legs touched 
with white. Head large, front deeply channeled at each side of ocelli, and 
slightly roughened, face below antenne polished; antennz rather slender, 
third joint one-quarter longer than fourth (terminal five joints are want- 
ing); clypeus emarginate, with a quadrangular white spot on each side, 
labrum, base of mandibles and palpi also white. Thorax opaque, with- 
out distinct punctuation ; anterior legs with a line on apex of femora, a 
line on the tibize, and the tarsi largely, yellowish-white ; a yellowish-white 
line also on intermediate tibiz within; intermediate tarsi and apical 
joint of posterior piceous; wings hyaline, slightly infumated beyond 
middle; abdomen entirely black. 


Described from one specimen received from Mr. Wickham, taken by 
him at Fort Wrangel, Alaska. It seems to be quite distinct from any of 
the described American species. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195 





TENTHREDO NIGRISOMA, 2. sp. 


Female—Length, 13-14 mm.; black with pale legs; head very large, 
wider than thorax; frontal ridges well marked, antenne slender; dot at 
inner summit of eye, clypeus, labrum and base of mandibles yellow, palpi 
rufo-testaceous or-yellowish. Thorax opaque, roughened, especially the 
scutellum; a yellow spot above posterior cox; legs, except coxze and 
dots on trochanters, entirely rufous in one specimen, and much paler in 
the other which has the anterior pair, the middle femora and the pos- 
terior tibiz almost yellow; wings yellowish-hyaline, stigma and nervures 
black, except basal half of costa, which is rufous. Abdomen wide, flat- 
tened, shining, entirely black. 


Described from two specimens from Victoria, V. I., received from Mr. 
Taylor (dated sth June, 1888) and Mr. Wickham. Closely allied to 
T. nigricostata, Prov., of which the type is in my possession, but is 
larger, the sculpture of the scutellum is coarser, the clypeus and labrum 
are yellow, the costa is in part rufous, and the posterior tarsi are uni- 
colorous with legs, 


TENTHREDO RUFICOLLIS, 7. sp. 


Female—Length, 13 mm.; black, with red legs. Head not nearly so 
large as in preceding species, and the frontal grooves very shallow; an- 
tennz rather short and stout ; clypeus, labrum and mandibles yellow, 
palpi testaceous. Thorax uniformly, not coarsely, roughened ; tegule 
and a large quadrangular spot on collar bright rufous ; legs, except coxe, 
rufous, the anterior pair a little paler; wings hyaline, nervures piceous, 
stigma and costa paler. Abdomen long, narrow, shining, entirely black. 


Described from one specimen received (through Mr. Fletcher) from 
Mr. Bean and captured at Laggan, in the Rocky Mts., B. C. 


The described American species of Tenthredo are now so numerous 
(over eighty) that it necessitates a great deal of labour to go over all the 
descriptions. The males in some groups, such as ségvata, etc, are so 
variable and resemble each other so greatly that they cannot in many in- 
stances be satisfactorily separated by the present descriptions. The 
three species which I have described have the abdomen entirely black, 
and to assist in determining them I have prepared the following table of 
the species having the abdomen black, and which seem to be twenty-one, 
innumber. A table of the remaining species would be very desirable. 


196 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





—_ 

OO ON AN BW N 
ye 
N 
“~— 


TENTHREDO, Linn. (species with black abdomen ) 
Antenne black with apical joints white. 
Four anterior tibive and tarsi testaceous. 


Collar yellow.. Ae MAUR tio) 5's) occ A ORR BIE CRT fe aU 
Collar black. . 2s ORS Reeves os... migricollis, Kirby. 
Four anterior bee and tarsi Hoek. a a ..grandis, Nort. 
Antenne wholly biack. 

Wings violaceous, paler at apex....... ... aimbipennis, Nort. 
Wings fuliginous, darker at apex............/umipennis, Nort. 


Wings hyaline or subhyaline. 

Legs black, varied with white or yellow 

Head above antenne more or less yellow... .....Zobata, Nort. 
Head above antennz black. 

Posterior tibize black. 

Tegule and edges of collar straw-white.. . .flavomarginis, Nort. 
Tegule and collar black............... .melanosoma, Ni. Sp. 
Posterior tibize with white annulus, wings hyaline. decorata,Prov. 
Posterior tibize oak oats tip, wings sbeekis 


ish hyaline. . Belts 73 . .cinctitibits, Nort. 
Legs rufous, sania more or Wess wife blac: or yellow. 
Peetwsamifo use sy hess tie. beeen! ade .. rufopectus, Nort. 
Pectus black. 
Coxe red.. 5S Ua( MARES 1a) 07 ka ARRAS eel ay 
Coxe waxen rapellaweat Se rg ee ee eS 
Coxe black, in phgen or in aah 
Seutellum® yellow, gsic.s i. . ssc vue oe ot, slash s 0 mee CO LOS ee 
Scutellum black. ‘ 
[.abrum and clypeus (in part) yellow. 
Femora black, except tip of anterior.............coucessa, Nort. 
Femora black at base only.........,....atrocerulea, Prov. 


Femora largely red or testaceous. 
Posterior a black, eee ase ae of 


tarsi. es: : ..uniformis, Kirby. 
Pustenior tarsi gna ne oe es eee or 

piceous. Lhe va) « ab ett ali os er mea ee 
Legs ean, excepe coxe. 
Tegule and collar black................+.-.migrisoma, N. Sp. 
Tegule and edges of collar rufous............ ruficollis, N. Sp. 
Labrum and clypeus black ..............igricostata, Prov. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197 





THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
II. THE SCARABAEIDZ OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 

The beetles of this family are more characteristic of Southern latitudes 
than of cold climes like Canada ; of about six hundred species known 
from America, north of Mexico, only ninety-six are recorded from 
the Provinces which form the subject of the present paper. From all 
other families they may at once be known by the antenne, termi- 
nating in a club composed of lamelle or plates, which are capable of 
close opposition or of separation at the will of the insect. The antenne 
of the Lucanidz somewhat resemble them, but the leaves (or rather plates) 
are not capable of being closely brought together. The only insect in 
this country which would be likely to cause a doubt to arise in the mind 
of anyone is Micagus, described below, in which the lamelle are not 
quite approximated on their faces, but the form is decidedly not that of a 
Lucanid, and no serious trouble would follow its study. The legs of all 
the Scarabaeide are fossorial, often very highly so. 

The larve are elongate fleshy grubs (fig 20, 2, larva of Lachnosterna), 
usually whitish in colour, with a black or brown head ; the segments of 
the body are transversely 
wrinkled and the tip of the 
abdomen bent under, so 
that when taken from the 
ground the larva lies on its 


side. In motions they are 
slow, in feeding habits di- 
verse—those of the Laparo- 
sticti or Coprophaga living 
in dung or other refuse 
matter, such as old skins 
and feathers, thus render- 
ing man much valuable aid 
as scavengers, by removing 

tee: from sight andsmell a great 
deal of filth. The larvze of the Melolonthini feed on roots of living 
plants, and often do vast damage, while those of the Pleurosticti eat 
various substances—some of them roots, others old dung, others rotten 
wood, while still other§ occur in the nests of ants. 





198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Nearly all the North American genera have been treated from time to 
time by Dr. Horn, and his papers may be found in the Transactions of 
the American Entomological Society for the past twenty years. Some of 
these essays are not now easily obtainable, and while the Doctor has, with 
his accustomed care, elaborated the characters useful in synoptic work in 
such a way as to leave apparently little new to be discovered, it is hoped 
that to many of the readers of the CanapiAN Enromo tocist the present 
paper, by bringing together in one easily accessible place the scattered 
material necessary for a study of the species of Old Canada, mav not be 
useless nor unwelcome. ‘The tables are based on the studies of Dr. 
Horn, and in one or two cases I have used his own entire in small genera, 
in which case due credit will be found to be given. In other instances I 
have been able, having a less number of species to handle, to use more 
evident characters, such as colour and size in the separation of species. 
It must be understood that these tables apply to the forms of East 
Canada ov/y, and must not be used for the beetles of the West Coast nor 
of the United States generally, though many forms from the New England 
and other Eastern States can be identified with proper care. 


It has been thought best, in order to avoid a long, complicated 
generic table, to treat the family in three divisions, as proposed by Dr. 
Leconte in the Classification. They may be distinguished structurally as 
follows ; the notes succeeding will make the primary separation more easy 
to beginners :— 


“‘T. Abdominal spiracles situated zz the membrane connecting the 
dorsal and ventral corneous plates, the last one covered by the 
elytra.. Le Cte ees Dish. eae .. Laparostict.. 

tT, basinal Bpitheles in part sistiated on me superior ens of the 
ventral segments, the last one usually visible behind the elytra ; the 
rows of spiracles feebly diverging. . .......0. .sseeeee ssee. elolonthina. 

III. Abdominal spiracles (except the anterior ones) situated in the dorsal 
portion of the ventral segments, forming rows which diverge strongly. 
Last spiracle usually visible behind the elytra... ....... . Pleurostictt,” 

Aside from the characters given above, the Laparosticti or Coprophaga 
may be ordinarily known by the possession of the following characters : 

Form compact, though sometimes moderately elongate; legs usually highly 

fossorial, claws simple, suture separating clypeus from front of head not 

transverse, but extending up towards the vertex. The males are often 
armed with horns or tubercles on the head and thorax. In the absence 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199 


of other more technical knowledge, their dung-eating habits will separate 
most of them from the other sub-families. The Melolonthine (of which 
the “ June-bugs ” are good examples) are usually of looser, more slender 
build, the legs especially being elongate and the tarsi sometimes very 
slender. The clypeal suture is transverse, not extending up on the head, 
and the club of the antennz is often elongated in the males. They are 
entirely vegetable feeders, and occur on leaves and flowers, or flying in 
the evening—never in dung. The Pleurosticti have mostly very similar 
habits in the beetle state, though Zigyrus, which somewhat resembles a 
Lachnosterna in form, but with stouter legs and shorter tarsi, is found 
under old dung-heaps (not in fresh manure), and Cremastochilus occurs 
in ants’ nests. They are ordinarily heavily-built insects, though not 
always so, and in lack of knowledge of the characters presented by the 
spiracles, the beginner must rely chiefly on the specific descriptions for 
classifying his specimens, since I am unable to give other means for dis- 
tinguishing them as a group, though readily placed properly by anyone 
who has any acquaintance with the family. 

The generic key to the Coprophaga, which follows, is primarily 
based on the “Classification,” though for minor divisions I have not 
scrupled to use such characters as colour and size—the main object 
being, of course, the easier identification of their specimens by beginners 
and others who have not access to libraries, either public or private. 
Their further study may easily be prosecuted, by those who wish it, at the 
expense of purchase of the works mentioned above. 

TABLE OF GENERA OF COPROPHAGA. 
A. Abdomen with six visible ventral segments. 
b. Antenne with 8 to ro joints. Mandibles concealed by clypeus 
except in 4y7alia. 
c. Hind tibiae with a single terminal spur (except in Canthon 
nigricornis), form shorter, rounded. 

d. Middle and hind tibiz slender, but little expanded at 
tip. Head and thorax never horned in either 
eae ede terete aaa eta eaan ad S03 ERs as falco sw os ce estes Canthon. 

dd. Middle and hind tibiz much expanded at tip, horns 
often present. 
e. Larger species (.32 to 1.10 in.), no onychium. 
Colour black... 1i.0-ienas basa seaeeee - Copris. 
Colours metallic and green..... coos. LAhANLUS. 


200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








ee. Smaller species, .14 to .34 in. Onychium 
PRESEN Es Were es nooo: Santee Onthophagus. 
cc. Hind tibiz with two spurs. Species oblong-convex or 
subcylindrical, usually small. . 
f. Mandibles visible beyond the ciypeus......... egialia. 
ff. Mandibles not visible beyond the clypeus. 
g. First five striz of elytra reaching apical margin (in 
the Canadtanispecies) . sods. i.i essa Pleurophorus. 
gg. First five striz not reaching apical margin. Head 
punctured or slightly plicate. 
h. Outer apical angle of hind tibiz prolonged, 
Spinttorm 235.24206) Se.cee Sitetmic.a« cvdbeniegetion Atentus. 
hh. Outer apical angle of hind tibiz obtuse. 
Front tibiee sh babe toothed on _ outer 


AUST. 5.5 inchs aetna ane teats Aphodius. 
Front ‘aie with outer teeth obtuse except at 
tp alsin Gaiawed MADE female ergs Dialytes. 


bb. Antenne r1-jointed, mandibles prominent, visible from above ; 
form often very convex, rounded. 
i. Club of antenne very large, lenticular. Brown or spotted 


species. 
Eyes partially divided by sides of head. Males with 
slyott flattened hora y vi. ie eeesrttom ete iad ++ Dolboceras. 
Eyes entirely divided. Males with long slender 
ROEMINA ts Gaphieal G seer i Poach £3: Nleacapnatedy £2 ee Odonteus. 
il. Club of antennz looser, more flattened. Black bluish or 
STOCMISH NS HOGIES dy... catsuetuasweweete poe tle ari otaas ace Geotrupes. 


AA. Abdomen with five visible ventral segments. 
Tarsi with distinct bisetose onychium. ‘Thorax strongly 
narrowed before and behind, angulate at middle. Sculpture 
NOL VAEVTOURN 5...5 ceaeeatincson ae. chins hingiotte aieea eer tate ea emcees Nicagus. 
Tarsi with distinct claws, no onychium. ‘Thorax less narrowed . 
anteriorly, not angulate at middle. Sculpture very rough TZyox. 
CANTHON, Hoffm. 

The Canadian species are black or slightly bronzed insects which may 
be seen rolling balls of excrement from place to place. These balls are 
buried and the eggs deposited therein, thus ensuring the larva a supply 
of food. They may easily be distinguished from the three following 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201 


genera by the much more slender middle and hind tibiz, which, though 
very slightly expanded at the tip, are not triangularly dilated. The clypeus 
has prominent teeth at middle. They may be separated as follows :— 

A. Small species, .25 to .35 in., clypeus 6-dentate, hind tibiz with two 


SUR SU os amen ae eee haus Pais n+ ocean sd ones wo... Migricornis, Say. 

AA. Larger species, .40 to .76 in., clypeus bidentate, hind tibia with 
one spur. 

Prothorax distinctly granulate, 0... 50.-ca.ce ewes levis, Drury. 


Prothorax without raised granules, simply 

Bisa DIG Uee cast so ence ec oan neva chivas dei ve os tao abs0'o vie conse CROPCRRESMe” ELAN 

Fig. 2t represents Canthon levis. 
Copris, Geoff. 


The species of this geaus do not transport 
excrement in balls, but bury it in burrows on 
the spot. The males have the head or thorax 
or both variously tuberculate or horned, as 
in Onthophagus, from which they differ by 
the larger size and the absence of bristle- 
tipped onychium between the claws. The 
table gives the chief points of difference : 


A. Elytra with eight strie, front of head 
Fig, 21. semicircular. 





Clypeus evenly and oe sonst all around. Size large, 
.52 to.70 in, eer aw 1s vesceeee, Onaglypticus, Say. 
Clypeus decals qin crutel at fais) nearly smooth at middle. 
SIZE SONAL, 232) LOA AGU ces wixammadoeianssdoav senensieaes' minutus, Dru. 


_AA. Elytra with seven ane front of head ae Length, .80 to 
.. Carolina, Linn. 


EDO AM wane ass dn tdon tr ine aetasics ae 
Figs ae te ene C ana ye 
ticus, and fig. 23, C. carolina. 





Puan&us, MacLeay. 
The single species reported in 






green insect, with the thorax¥f 
Rusually coppery-red, the head, in 
the male, with a long horn. The 
length varies from .48 to .88 in. 
lt is 7. carnifex, Linn. The 
Fig. 22, habits are the same as in Cofr7s. Bigs 23+ 


202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











ONTHOPHAGUS, Latr. 


Three species are known from Canada. They are found in dung, 
under which they burrow in the same manner as Cofris. They are thus 
distinguished : 

A. Larger species (.16 to .34 in.). Thoraxof ¢ protuberant anteriorly. 
Black, not shining ; carina of vertex in male simple, not pro- 
duced at the extremities... hits sph tnassrewe-pysApmereeOlEle, te amien 
Greenish or proneenee carina af vertex “pancieed at the 
extremities into horns or acute tubercles in the ¢ /anus, Panz. 

AA. Smaller species (.14 to .20 in.), Thorax of male without protu- 
- berance. 
Black, feebly shining... et tao .. pennsylvanicus, Har. 

Some of the specimens of O, Tribe in élite he head of the males 
has merely an acute tubercle at the ends of the vertical carina, and in 
which the colour is a bright bronze or metallic green, have been separated 
under the name Orpheus, Panz. 

AEGIALIA, Latr. 


But one species, 4. conferta, Horn, has been recorded from Old 
Canada. It is asmall insect (.14 to .18 in.), piceous-black or brown in 
colour, oblong-convex, somewhat broader behind. The thorax has a 
distinct basal marginal line ; the spurs of the hind tibiz are rather short, 
broadly expanded at tip, with a translucent border. Other species of this 
genus will no doubt occur later, but the above characters will distinguish 
it from any heretofore known in North America. 


PLEUROPHORUS, Mulls. 


A single species (PP. ventralis, Horn) has been found in Ontario. It 
is an elongate, parallel, subcylindrical insect, .16 in. in length, piceous 
black, with reddish brown legs. The first five strize of the elytra reach the 
apical margin, and it may thus be distinguished from any Aphodiide in 
the N. A. fauna. I have seen no specimens. 


Ata&NIus, Harold. 


Small, slender, black insects, somewhat resembling Aphodius, but 
ordinarily smaller and more elongate. They frequently occur on the 
banks of streams. The species are very difficult to separate, but may be 
distinguished as follows, after the table given by Dr. Horn: 

A. Posterior tibize with accessory spinule (a prolongation of the 
apical margin on the under side adjacent to the spurs). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 





Clypeus finely punctured, not rugose....... ty atieds strigatus, Say. 
Clypeus coarsely punctured or wrinkled............ cognatus, Lec. 


AA. Posterior tibie without accessory spinule. 
Black, shining; form slender, elongate; head closely punctate, 
clypeus broadly and feebly emarginate, elytral intervals con- 
vex, abdomen coarsely punctate...... 1.2.06 sereeeee gracilis, Mels. 
The specimens referred to in the Canadian lists as A. stercorator, ¥., 
are presumably s¢rigatus, which was formerly placed as a synonym of 
stercorator. 1am not aware that cognatus has been found in Canada, but 
as it is known from the adjoining regions and might easily be mixed with 
strigatus, I have included it in the table. 


DiatytTeEs, Harold. 


Small, dark-coloured insects, differing from Aphodius in having the 
teeth of the outer margin of the anterior tibice obsolete, except the apical 
one. As all the known North American species are found in Canada, I 
can do no better than to reproduce the table given by Dr. Horn, in his 
Monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the U. S.* 

Intervals of elytra flat ; clypeus not toothed............. truncatus, Mels. 
Intervals finely carinate, striae catenulate ; clypeus with an acute 
LOC TY 5G ENGI olin. cctuniavcc«d Sauepeasuanecseap Aken eee econ’ vn Utkei, Horn. 
Intervals Sivoniely, elevated ; chee not toothed, thorax with deep 
median impression. Se AM cigs ns woe as aks chighin ALP LEMOS OO Ye 


ApHopitus, Illiger. 


These are commonly found in dung, and are in fact our most numerous 
scavengers. Several of them, such as A. fimetarius, a large species 
' with bright red elytra ; A. fossor,a large black species, and 4. :nguinatus, 
which has a black thorax and variegated elytra, are well known to every 
collector. Some of the Aphodii are very widely distributed, those 
mentioned above, as well as granarius, our common little black species, 
being found in both hemispheres. None of them construct balls for trans- 
portation, but burrow in and under the dung, and the larve go through 
their transformations on the spot. I have taken pupz and perfectly 
fresh imagines of A. s¢ercorosus under dry dung at the end of August, in 
Towa. 

From Afenius, the genus Aphodius is separable by the. outer apical 
angle of the hind tibiz being obtuse instead of produced and spiniform. 





*Trans. Amer. Ento. Soc, XIV., 1887. 


204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





This character may be tolerably easily made out with a magnifying glass 
of even low power, and is, at any rate, not likely to cause much trouble, as 
most of the species can be separated by their facies after a little experi- 
ence. ‘The Canadian species of Atenius are all black, the legs often a 
little paler, while the Aphodii, on the other hand, are usually more or less 
parti-coloured. From the other neighbouring genera of the group it is 
sufficiently easily distinguished by the characters giver in the table. 

The following synopsis is purely artificial, and some of the variable 
species occur in it twice, but as the object of these papers is simply to 
make the identification of their species easier for beginners, and not to 
offer new schemes of classification, it has been thought best to seize upon 
the most easily seen characters. Immature specimens are easily recog- 
nized, as a rule, by the softness of their integuments, and excluding these, 
we can use colour as a guide to many of the species. I have therefore 
separated them as follows : 

A. Scutellum long (1 to 1-5 the length of the suture),-species large. 
Anterior tibiz serrulate above the teeth. Colour black, .4o to 


.44 1n.. ee Deed ah aa a =, eV ilatanenegsebcuae ones <a RNO fp Leltnine 
Ante viog “tibise not seta Se Note: the teeth. Colour variable, 
SAO sAOMM clasts scar sorcueiun wajatiareels ov’ x aees eapanaameaeies hamatus, Say. 


AA. Scutellum short (not more than % to 1-10 the length of the suture), 
size variable. 
b. Colour above uniform black or piceous black, tip of elytra 
sometimes reddish. 
c. Body beneath black or piceous, varying to brownish. 
d. Front distinctly trituberculate. 

First joint of hind tarsus not longer than next two, 

pT GAG a2 Slaves sv woniptaw eaes «tar aaeesd eranarius, Linn. 

First joint of hind tarsus slightly longer than next 

£WO, :T3.£022 ID. ex serceessidvenatcerss RUTICNLGgi Mere, 

First joint of hind tarsus equal to next three, .14 

to .20 in.. Bahr sieavacetjecces VILLQLUS; OAV-n0VOne 

dd. Front witout Maeetates 
Small species, .16 to .20 in. Elytra reddish at 


CID:,. sees dascnekbenpeteetrden soko se; aah terminalis, Say. 
Larger, .28 to. 36 in. Elytra unicolor- 
ous. cee vdanech teases OCLOREUS, Dave 


cc. Body ohne not Black (abdomen, metasternum and 
legs pale yellow,) .18 tO .24 iM....... cesses sere bicolor, Say. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOZLCGIST. 205 





bb. Colour above not uniform black nor piceous black. Variable. 
e. Elytra vittate, or spotted, or both. 
Large, margins of head and thorax paler, .26 to .28 
TRE aaa ci Cah rc ars'c sa»: bina $40 Se pee ee .....eopardus, Horn. 
Smaller, head black, anterior angles or entire sides of 
thorax paler, .18 to .22 in...............2aguinatus, Fabr. 
Sides of thorax not paler, 
Smaller (.16 to.20 in.), abdomen black. véttatus, Say. 
Larger (.18 to .24 in.), abdomen 
VSO Weer tern aise.ic. vee ss apes cue Gdcnse bicolor, Say, var. 
ee. Elytra not distinctly vittatenor spotted, sometimes fuscous, 
f. Thorax black or piceous, sides more or less yellow or 
reddish. 
Elytra bright red, .26 to .34 in......fimetarius, Linn. 
Elytra of greasy aspect, pubescence well marked, 
colour almost fuscous, .18 to .26 in. femoralis, Say. 
Elytra shining, pubescence feeble, deciduous, colour 
more yellow than fuscous, .22 to 
ROMMM es Gasinty as neltradealtstskaan-aes Dar prodromus, Brahm. 
ff. Thorax black, sides not yellowish, 
por A SMM taicatenen ss cove watered nes .rubripennis, Horn. 
fff. Ferruginous brown, head and thorax slightly darker, 
UF ANEO PHO reds ceccecarecaesatee.s ai oie eS PEMRIS,) ELOLI. 


Two of the names (A. Ayperboreus and A. dentiger) which occur in 
the Society’s List do not appear in the above table. The former is a 


variety of Aamatus, with fainter striz and flat interspaces, while the 


reference of a Canadian species to dentiger, otherwise known only from 


South-western Texas and Arizona, is almost certainly incorrect. 


Bo.soceras, Kirby. 


Two species are known in North America, of which only the first is 
reported from Canada. They may be separated thus: 
Colour uniform brown, shining, .........5.. <cecaeres ceeeeeen lazarus, Fabr. 


Colour above yellow, head black, thorax more or less black at base 


and on disk, Elytra with suture and apex black.........farctus, Fabr. 


206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








OpontTzus, Kl. 


The males of this genus may easily be known from those of Bolboceras 
by their long slender cephalic horn. The females may be placed in their 
proper genus by the complete division o1 the eyes by the side of the head. 
Two species are known from Old Canada, the males of which may be 
separated by the following table, the characters used having been pointed 
out by Dr. Horn. Unfortunately, I have seen no females and am unable 
to give characters for their specific distinction : 


Horn of head fixed, less slender......... Sh Rae teeere, cornigerus, Mels. 


Horn of head moveable, more slender................-. ...fi/icornis, Say. 
GEOTRUPES, Latr. 


The three recorded Canadian species are large insects, bronzed, 
greenish or purplish in colour, easily found in dung during the summer. 
They do not transport balls, but burrow under the mass. The members 
of this genus have been very thoroughly studied by Jekel, Horn and 
Blanchard, so that new characters for their separation can hardly be 
devised. After study of their tables I offer the following, essentially that of 
Dr. Horn: 

First joint of hind tarsus shorter than next three; claws of middle 

fanS1 CHEESE ID ioc suave nabee canes cbs eabiabellomn stages ms OL 7002 Cl ALS weed 


First joint of hind tarsus equal to next three; claws of ¢ normal. 


Elytral strize with coarse crenate punctures............ Egeriei, Germ. 
Elytral strize with rather fine punctures............ Blackburnit, Fabr. 


Fig. 24 shows a specimen of G. splendidus. 
NicaGus, Lec. 


The only species is JV. obscurus, Lec., a reddish- 
brown or blackish-brown insect, something over a 
quarter of an inch in length; clothed with short, nearly 
white hair. The antennal club is large, but the lamellze 
do not touch one another at base, though they some- 
times meet at the tips. The thorax has a distinct angu- 
‘lation of the sides behind the middle, and is fimbriate 

Fig. 24. with rather long hairs. Dr. Leconte says it has been 
found flying around heaps of putrid fish,—this is the only record of the 
habits that I have met with. 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207 


Trox, Fabr. ; 

The species of Trox are rough, dirty-looking, brown insects, usually 
more or less incrusted with earthy matter, found under dry carrion and 
old hides or feathers. ‘They are quite uniform in appearance and are 
consequently not readily separated, more particularly as they vary to 
some degree in sculpture within specific limits. Iam entirely unable to 
find constant and easily recognized characters on which to make groups 
otherwise than those established by Dr. Horn, and the table, therefore, 
follows his own exactly : 

A. Scutellum hastate (¢.e., shaped like a spear-head). Large species. 
Sides of prothorax near base often with feeble incision. Elytra 
with rows of distinct smooth tubercles. Length, 
ba AEA. Wb ceeain a tales Plana Pash atk < eA Sp maak pe ieiasasas punctatus, Germ. 

AA. Scutellum oval, species smaller. Hind femora without spinules on 
posterior margin, 
b. Tubercles of elytra with black sete. 


Tubercles elevated, setze erect, rather long. Length, .25 to 


Bas, Wha sctcc ey, rote a cond isee a gs Geen selda=< savess$s 385 erinaceus. Lec. 
Tubercles indistinct, setze short. Length, .36 
GAME cease! eee Leis so aitian Se tats side dneinitelny MAD ELLIS: AY. 


bb. Tubercles of elytra with pale or rufous hairs or scales. 
c. Elytra distinctly tuberculate. 
d. Thoracic ridges straight or nearly so. 
Elytral margin serrulate or crenulate at base. Length, 


52 QO OT ee aye anes Sa cca sty See otek Baas ak sordidus, Lec. 

Elytral margin entire at base. Length, .40 to 

BAG Wise ease tes o:480 ie Ar edebi.'cctas MIS MiatHs; Besline 

dd. Thoracic ridges very sinuous. Length, .20 to 

ean RL Sak Ra Ce tee Oe 2s See soy ae aE terrestris, Say. 

cc, Elytral tubercles very indistinct, being replaced by patches 
of setz. 

Anterior tibiz not serrulate above the lateral tooth. 

Peewegr ieee 5 MIN eek ioc 3 tone shagdece seamemeat equalis, Say. 


Anterior tibiz serrulate near the base. Length, .20 to 
ADS ae hee ee ee IAI: o's sida soc mat states < Seeten scaber, L 


208 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 





CORRESPONDENCE. 





OCCURRENCE OF TRIPTOGON OCCIDENTALIS IN MAITOBA. 

Sir,—About four years ago a specimen of this moth came: to light 
one evening through an open window. I saw no more until last year, 
when I found two large pupe at the foot of a white poplar tree. One of 
them produced the perfect insect, but the other was unfortunately a failure, 
and only produced a number of Tachinous flies. I also caught, attracted 
by light, a fine female moth which laid several eggs. Unfortunately I was 
unable to watch them very closely, and several hatched out, and the larvee 
died. I succeeded, however, in partially rearing one on the leaves of the 
white poplar. This is a rough description of the larva :—Colour, polar- 
green. Head large and square and with an inverted v mark. Yeliow or 
gold ring between first and second, and second and third segments. 
Yellowish-white stripe from anal horn, which is very small, and whitish 
forward to the last pair of legs. This after 3rd or 4th moult. After 5th 
moult, the head became yellowish-white with a pinkish tinge-horn almost 
disappeared ; the line from the horn assumed a purplish shade; slight 
oblique lines on each segment. Eight pink spiracles on either side. Pro- 
legs and claspers, pink, and above the anus a heart-shaped patch of pale 
bright green. Colour, whitish poplar-green, skin very rough, 2 yellow 
bands between first segments as before. Shortly after taking this note the 
larva died. From time to time I have seen a few specimens of MWacro- 
glossa bombyliformiz, (1 use the name of the English lists as I am unable 


to see any difference, and in any case you will know the insect I mean), 
but last year it and JAZ. fuciformis simply swarmed on the blossom of the 
wild plum and wild black currant. At the same time I took two speci- 
mens of a species of Deilephila closely allied to D. Gadiz. This is the 
second species of this genus that I have taken. 

As Southern Manitoba may be unknown to many of your readers, a 
short description of my place may be of some interest. I am some 120 
miles west of Emerson, and 12 miles north of the boundary line. It is 
intersected by a stream running in a deep ravine, the banks of which are 
clothed with oak, white and black poplar, elm, birch, ash-leaved maple, 
willows of very many species, ash, cherries, Saskatoon Amelanchier 
alnifolia, cranberry, gooseberry, currants, plum, hazel and Cratzgus 
thorn. The prairie, too, is not the generally conceived grassy sea, but is 
dotted with clumps of poplar, willow, etc., and with here and there 
patches of E/eagnus argentea, in prairie parlance “ wolf-willow,” roses, 
etc. E. F. Heatu, the Hermitage, Cartwright, Manitoba. 


Maiied July 6th. 


Une _ _ 








VOL. XXVIL LONDON, “AUGUST, 1894. No. 8. 











CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA—No. 5 


5. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C.. OTTAWA, 


This paper contains descriptions of some apparently new species of 
ichneumons from British Columbia. Most of these are contained ina 
very interesting collection made by the Rev. G. W. Taylor, during his 
residence at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, V.I. When Mr. Taylor left 
Ottawa to return to Victoria, about three years ago, he very generously 
handed over to me his Hymenoptera, only asking that I should publish a 
list of the species. To enable me to fulfil this request, I have found it 
necessary to first prepare descriptions of the new species. 


Sub-family ICHNEUMONIN. 
ICHNEUMON TAYLORII, 0. Sp. 


Male—Length, 15-16 mm. Ferruginous varied with yellow. Head 
ferruginous on vertex, the posterior margin, a spot enclosing the ocelli 
and another above the antenne, black ; face, cheeks below, mandibles 
and palpi yellow ; antenne long and slender, black, with scape yellow. 
‘Ehorax with the sutures more or less black ; the mesonotum, upper 
nargin of pleura and base of metathorax ferruginous ; remainder yellow, 
ir cluding the scutellum ; legs almost yellow, the posterior femora, apical 
half of tibiz and the tarsi pale ferruginous ; cox yellow, the middle and 
p) )sterior pairs with a black spot within ; wings yellowish hyaline, nervures 
piceous, stigma yellow, costa ferruginous. Abdomen with the basal seg- 
ments varied with yellow, the terminal ones almost ferruginous ; postpet- 
ioje and base of following segment aciculated, gastrocceli shallow ; one 
specimen has a narrow black line at base of segments 3—5, the other a i 
only a black spot on petiole beneath. 


4 This handsome species is described from two @ specimens ‘Boro 
Victoria, V. I., collected by my friend, the Rev. G. W. Taylor, F. R: <4 C. mf | 
after whom I have much pleasure in naming it. ‘ 


¢ d iY 

“; lle 

4p i *@ 
hv ~~ BA 


210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








ICHNEUMON OCCIDENTALIS, n. Sp. 


Female—Length, 11 mm. Rufo-ferruginous. Head rufous, subtuber- 
culate beneath antenne, face sparsely punctured ; antenne black, thick- 
ened towards apex, with a white annulus, scape rufous. Thorax mostly 
black ; the mesonotum, scutellum and spot at base of metathorax rufous, 
legs entirely rufous, except apical joint of tarsi, which is brownish. 
Abdomen rufous; postpetiole and two following segments closely opaquely 
punctured, remaining segments shining ; gastrocceli oblique, linear; a 
strong transverse depression near apex of the same segment. 

Described from one ? specimen taken at Victoria, Vancouver Island, ' 
in Noy., 1890, by Mr. Taylor. 


PLATYLABUS PACIFICUS, Nn. Sp. 


Female—Length, 9 mm. Black, with rufous abdomen and legs. Head 
small, closely punctured ; palpt reddish, antennz entirely black, slightly 
stouter beyond the middle. Thorax closely punctured, the pleurz more 
coarsely ; metathorax rugose, excavated behind ; carine indistinct, angles 
subspinose ; legs rufous, coxe and trochanters black ; wings subhyaline, 
stigma and nervures reddish, areolet pentagonal. Abdomen rufous, 
polished, except postpetiole, which is aciculated, with two dorsal carine 
not reaching the apex ; ovipositor slightly exseried. 

Described from one ? specimen from Vancouver Island (Taylor). 


CENTETERUS CANADENSIS, n. sp. 


Female—Length, 5 mm. Black; legs and band on abdomen rufous. 
Head large, vertex and cheeks polished, face punctulate ; mandibles 
rufous, palpi pale; antennz black, scape ovai, red beneath, joints 3-5 
subequal, about twice the length of the remaining joints, which are about 
as broad as long. Thorax black, shining, the mesonotum and pleure 
with sparse faint punctures, the metathorax distinctly areolated, the angles 
spiniform ; legs rufous, the posterior cox, tibie at apex and tarsi 
piceous. Abdomen polished, first and apical segments black ; two, three 
and base of four rufous. 

Descriped from 3 2 specimens from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 


HERPESTOMUS FLAVICOX#, nN. Sp. 


Male—Length, 6 mm.—Black, with rufous legs. Head black, front 
rounded, sparsely punctate ; clypeus, mandibles and palpi yellow ; antennz 
stout, black above, piceous beneath, scape yellow. Thorax black, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Oth 





mesonotum sparsely punctulate ; scutellum with fine central carina ; meta- 
thorax distinctly areolated, the posterior face striated; legs red, four 
anterior cox and trochanters vellow, posterior cox black, tipped with 
yellow, trochanters yellow, spotted above with black, tips of posterior 
tibia and their tarsi brownish ; wings hyaline, a little dusky, stigma and 
nervures dark, areolet rather large, pentagonal. Abdomen black, with 
the incisures and lateral margins rufo-testaceous. 
Described from one ¢ specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 
Sub-family Cryprin&. 


CRYPTUS VANCOUVERENSIS, N. Sp. 


Female—Length, rr-15 mm. _ Black, with rufous abdomen and legs. 
Head transverse, not much swollen behind the eyes, closely punctured, 
inner orbits narrowly whitish; a rounded shining tubercle below the 
antenne ; clypeus swollen, shining, touched with white in one specimen ; 
palpi blackish ; antennz long and slender, black, the scape rufous 
beneath. Thorax entirely black; the pleure and metathorax closely, 
almost rugosely, punctured ; metathorax not distinctly areolated ; meso- 
notum and scutellum shining, finely and sparsely punctulate; wings 
fuliginous with violaceous reflections ; tegulz piceous ; legs, including coxze 
and trochanters, bright red; terminal joint of tarsi piceous ; posterior 
tibiz darker toward apex, the tarsi yellowish. Abdomen entirely red, 
highly polished ; the ovipositor as long as abdomen without petiole, red, 
the sheaths black. 

This handsome species is described from three ? specimens from 
Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 


CRYPTUS VICTORIENSIS, N. sp. 


Female—Length, 7-9 mm. Black ; abdomen and legs mostly rufous. 
. Head subrugosely punctured beneath antenne, closely but more finely 
above ; inner orbits and edge of clypeus narrowly white ; antennz long, 
slender, black, with a short white line above on joints 9-11. Thorax 
coarsely punctured, but somewhat shining, scutellum polished, with few 
punctures ; metathorax rounded, with transverse carina, but not areolated ; 
collar, tegule, scutellum and posterior angles of metathorax with minute 
white dots ; legs rufous, including coxe, posterior tibiz and tarsi black, 
the former with a pale annulus near the base, the latter with joints 2-4 
white in one specimen, but partly black in the other; wings almost 
hyaline, areolet small, nearly quadrangular. Abdomen polished rufous ; 


212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





postpetiole with scattered punctures, second segment strongly and densely 
punctured, third more finely, remainder polished, scarcely punctate ; 
petiole partly and the three or four terminal segments black, the latter 
narrowly margined with white ; ovipositor one-half as long as abdomen, 
sheaths black. 

Described from two 2 specimens from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor). A 
pretty little species resembling somewhat in coloration C. extrematis, 
Cress., but easily separated by the smaller size and the much coarser 
punctuation. 


CRYPTUS FLAVIPES, Nn. sp. 


Female—Length, 4mm. Black, with yellowish legs. Head small, 
finely punctulate, vertex shining ; spot on mandibles and palpi pale ; 
antenne wanting. Mesonotum polished ; metathorax rounded, closely 
punctured, without distinct carinz ; legs, including coxe, pale rufo-testa- 
ceous, tips of posterior tibie and tarsi darker; tegule pale, nervures 
‘brownish, stigma paler. Abdomen with first and second segments closely, 
finely punctulate ; terminal segments with apical margins indistinctly 
whitish ; ovipositor as long as abdomen, red, with piceous sheaths. 

Described from one 2 specimen from Victoria, V. I, (Taylor.) 


CHARETYMMA ASHMEADII, N. sp: 


Female—Length, 8 mm. Black, with redlegs. Head transverse, as 
wide as thorax, polished, eyes prominent, front with sparse punctuation, 
slightly concave, with a small shallow basin above each antenna ; cheeks 
polished, impunctate ; face below antenne finely opaquely punctured ; 
palpi pale; antennze wanting. Thorax entirely black, very slightly 
pubescent ; sides of prothorax striated; mesonotum prominent, the 
middle lobe slightly advanced, polished with sparse fine punctures, pleurz 
closely, not coarsely, punctate ; scutellum polished ; metathorax closely 
punctured, opaque; posterior transverse carina distinct, but metanotum not 
areolated ; legs, including cox and trochanters, entirely red; wings 
rather small, slightly infumated, nervures and stigma piceous, areolet 
medium in size, subpentagonal, considerably higher than wide. Abdomen 
as long as head and thorax, black ; first segment gradually expanded to 
tip, finely opaquely punctulate and with fine lateral carinz ; second seg- 
ment as wide as long, also finely opaquely punctulate, except at apex ; 
remaining segments polished ; the ovipositor longer than abdomen, red, 
with black, polished sheaths. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213 





Described from one ? specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor), and 
named after Mr. W. H. Ashmead, as a slight recognition of the invaluable 
assistance which I have received from him in my‘studies of the Canadian 
hymenoptera. He kindly examined this species, and states that it 
‘comes nearest to Cryptus velox, Cr., judging from description. I have 
another specimen in my collection from Colorado, but with the ovipositor 
a little shorter than in your specimen.” It differs, however, from C. velox 
(to which I refer a species taken at Ottawa) in the entirely red legs, the 
darker wings with narrower areolet, the finer sculpture of metathorax, the 
shorter ovipositor with non-pubescent valves, etc., although the general 
appearance of the two species is much the same. 


HEMITELES OCCIDENTALIS, Nn. Sp. iy 


-Female—Length, 5 mm. Black, with rufous abdomen and legs. Face 
subtuberculate ; edge of clypeus and mandibles rufous, palpi pale ; 
antennz piceous, the scape and basal joints of flagellum partly rufous. 
Metathorax areolated ; legs, inciuding coxre, rufous, also the tegule. 
Abdomen polished; the petiole black, and terminal segments dusky ; 
ovipositor as long as abdomen, sheaths piceous. 

Described from one 2 specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 


HEMITELES PICEIVENTRIS, N. sp. 


Female—Length, 3.5 mm. Black, with piceous abdomen and pale 
legs. Head finely punctulate above ; palpi pale, antenne piceous, 23- 
jointed. Thorax shining, the mesonotum finely punctulate, metathorax not 
spined, carinz feeble ; legs yellowish, the coxz and posterior tarsi almost 
piceous ; tegulee pale, nervures and stigma brownish. Abdomen piceous, 
‘shining, the first and second segments finely punctulate, ovipositor 
scarcely as long as abdomen. 

Described from one 2 specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 
CREMNODES CANADENSIS, N. sp. 


Female—Length, 4.5 mm. Rufo-testaceous. Head viewed from 
above sub-quadrate, the face swollen as in Exochus, punctulate beneath 
antenne ; eyes small; antennz 18-jointed, almost as long as body and 
moderately robust. Thorax more strongly constricted than in Pezomachus ; 
metathorax sharply truncate and the angles strongly spined. Abdomen 
with the first segment slender, not expanded posteriorly, remaining seg- 
ments compressed laterally, truncate at apex and strongly polished, the 
second more than twice as long as all the others ; ovipositor very short. 


214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Described from one 2 specimen from Queen Charlotte Islands, sent 
by the Rev. J. H. Keen to Mr. Fletcher. A very interesting wingless 
species, with rufous head and abdomen, and testaceous thorax and legs. 
The compressed abdomen is more like that of an ophionid than of a 
cryptid. 


PEZOMACHUS KEENII, Nn. sp. 


Female—Length, 3-4 mm. Fulvo-ferruginous. Head slightly darker 
than rest of body ; antennz 19-20 jointed, more or less obscured toward 
apex ; cheeks polished. Thoracic nodes subequal, not very prominent, 
faintly sulcate ; legs concolorous with thorax. Abdomen ovate beyond 
the first segment, which is rather suddenly expanded posteriorly ; terminal 
segments slightly yellow in one specimen ; ovipositor very short, sheaths 
black. . 


Described from four 2 specimens from Queen Charlotte Islands, col- 
lected by the Rev. J. H. Keen, after whom I have much pleasure in 
naming the species, as a recognition of his efforts to advance our know- 
ledge of the insect fauna of this distant portion of the Dominion. 


SUBDIVISION OF THE PIERINA! BASED ON PUP. 
BY J. W. TUTT, F. E. S.. LONDON, ENGLAND. 


An oversight (ante, p. 167, line 27) leads me to state that it is in the 
Aporid section of the Prerine that the pupa has the abdominal segments 
5 and 6 moveable, whilst in the Pierids proper only 5 is moveable. The 
Pieridi have until now always included the Aporid section ; as a matter 
of fact, many European systematists have placed our Aforia crataegi in 
the genus Pieris. 


There can be no doubt that Aforza represents a very ancestral form 
of the Pierine, and, as such, is structurally different in all its stages from 
its Pierid allies ; at the same time I am firmly convinced that the Aporidi 
is as distinct from the Pieridi as is the Anthocharidi. 


I am looking forward, with scme degree of interest, to the records of 
observers which will tell us the American species of Pierine that have 
the pup with two (5 and 6) moveable abdominal segments (Aporidi) ; 
which species have but one (5) moveable segment (Pierzd7), and which 
are solid (Authocharidi), and how far the structure of the pupa agrees 
with the neuration of these types. 


TILE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215 





AN OMITTED PHYCITID. 
/BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 
I have not been able to find in the Philadelphia List of Lepidoptera 


the following species :— 
DIORYCTRIA, Zell. 


Reniculella, Grt. ( Pinipestis), N. Am. Ent., 67; Pack., Bull. Dep. Agr. 
Ent., xili., p. 21, 23; Fifth Rep. on Insects Inj. to Forest 
and Shade Trees, 854; Romanoff, Mem. Sur les Lep. Tome 
vii., Ragonot id. 200, Planche xxii., fig. 12. 

My type is in the British Museum, where it has been examined by M. 
Ragonot, who compares it in his description with the European D. 
abietreila, from which this authority finds it to differ structurally. The 
figure in M. Ragonot’s magnificent work seems to me excellent. I take 
this occasion to express my dissent from the classification adopted in the 
Philadelphia List. In 1878 I separated the Epipaschiine ( Epipaschia) 
from the Phycitine (Phycide). The two groups I regard as divisions of 
the Pyralidee, equal in value to the Crambing and Galleriine. So far as 
I can discover, I first drew attention to the peculiar structure of the 
female frenulum in the Pzyciting. At the time I did not know that the 
old term Pycis (used also by Walsh for our American species) had been 
superseded by /Phycita. Messrs. Scudder and Burgess first gave us 
genitalic species; Lederer had used the genitalia for subgeneric and 
generic divisions, and latterly is followed by Smith. Now comes Mr. 
Hulst, whose mission seems to be to carry out the methods of other 
entomologists to extremes, and gives us genitalic subfamilies. 

Besides the above-mentioned species of Déoryctria, Mr. Ragonot 

figures the following North American Phycitine originally described by 

me: Salebria contatella and var. guingue punctella, Meroptera pravella, 

Dioryctria aurantiacella, Pyla scintillans, Nephopteryx scobiella, Ambesa 

laetella, Dioryctria (Pinipestis) Zimmermanni, Acrobasis tricolorella, A. 

demotella. 


In my paper alluded to above, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, [ gave, for 
the first time in American scientific publications, figures of the neuration 
and descriptions of the structure of the Phyciting. At the time only 
the first part of my intended work was prepared for the printer. I had 
purposed the working out of all the American genera in my collection. 
We have now a most carefully written and beautifully illustrated work by 
M. Ragonot, which can be studied with pleasure and profit by all Ameri- 
can students occupying themselyes with the collection of these little but 
very interesting moths, 


216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








DESCRIPTION OF A-NEW SPECIES OF DORYCEPHALUS. 
BY HERBERT OSBORN, AMES, IOWA. 
Dorycephalus platyrhynchus, 0. sp. 


¢ —Head produced and very flat, rounded in front, wings reaching 
tip of abdomen; colour gray-brown. Length, 9 mm. Length of head, 
2.3 mm. 

Head thin foliaceous, margins very thin, a median, thicker space, 
which beneath widens to base of head, forming a convex keel. Eyes 
touching prothorax. Ocelli on margin of head, just in front of eyes, a 
rather obscure mottling of brown along the disk of the head and forming 
a rather distinct median stripe, a dark stripe under the tip of the head, 
dividing and passing along the margins of the keel, a distinct blackish 
line under the eye, and extended as a brownish stripe on thorax. Pro- 
thorax transverse, with five slightly elevated convex ridges, the anterior 
margin nearly straight, with slight sinuosities, the posterior margin concave 
in front of the scutellum. Scutellum wider than long, convex in front, 
with an acute point at the apex between bases of elytra, with a transverse 
furrow behind the middle, deflected laterally. Elytra strongly veined, 
costal margin arcuated, with a humeral furrow, very minutely punctate. 
Legs rather slender, anterior femora fuscous beneath. Middle and 
posterior femora with rows of fuscous dots forming a stripe beneath. 
Tibiz fuscous beneath. 

Described from two male specimens, one collected at Ames, Iowa, by 
Prof. C. P. Gillette, the other collected at West Point, Nebraska, by Prof. 
Lawrence Bruner. 

Female larger than male ; pale yellow, with dark median line on head 
and prothorax. Length, 14.5 mm. Head longer than in male, central 
carina above darker. Elytra short, reaching one-half way on to the 4th 
segment of the abdomen. Wings shorter, reaching nearly to posterior 
margin of the 2nd segment of the abdomen. Abdomen elongate and 
acuminate. First 6 segments about equal in length; 7th narrow, elon- 
gate and combining with remaining segments to form the sheath of ovi- 
positor. Ovipositor long, the sheath simple beginning at the 5th ventral 
segment. 

Since forwarding the description of the male a special student in ento- 
mology, Mr. E. D. Ball, has brought in another male and the female here 
described. 

The larger size and elongate, slender abdomen gives this quite a 
different appearance from the male, but I think there can be no question 
as to the identity of the two forms. The specimen in hand has somewhat 
the appearance of being fresh from the pupa stage, on account of the 
lighter colour and soft appearance of the body, but the wings appear fully 
developed, and in other respects it indicates maturity. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217 








SOME INDIANA ACRIDID.—III. 
BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA. 


In the two preceding papers of this series 36 species and 3 varieties 
of Acrididz have been recorded as occurring in Indiana. Since the last 
paper, published in the Enromotocist for February, 1892, appeared, five 
additional species have been taken within the State, and many facts have 
been gathered concerning.the life history, habits and range of the species 
previously recorded. Moreover, my private collection has been largely 
increased by exchange for specimens from other parts of the United 
States, and I have possessed myself of almost all the literature extant 
upon the group, so that I am enabled to clear up a few mistakes in 
synonymy which crept into my first papers. 


ACRIDID. 
ACRIDINE. 


OEDIPODINI. 


1. AULOCARA SCUDDERI, Bruner. 
Aulocara Scudderi, Bruner, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus., XII., 1890, 63. 


This small locust was first taken in Indiana on July 6th, 1892, from 
the sandy bed of the old Wabash and Erie Canal, five miles north of 
Terre Haute, Vigo Co. Other specimens were secured at the same 
locality in September of that year, and in September and October of 1893. 

On one side of the canal, at the point mentioned, is a large pond, 
occupying perhaps 50 acres of the Wabash River bottoms, and on the 
_Other side is a sandy hill or bluff of the river, which is covered with 
typical prairie grasses and plants. The locust has been found only in an 
area of about five acres, on the side of the hill, and in the bed of the 
canal. When disturbed it leaps vigorously, and without noise, for several 
times in succession ; then, settling down on a sandy spot, it will allow a 
close approach, evidently relying upon the similarity of colour between its 
body and the sand to shield it from observation. According to Bruner, 
foc. cit., itis a very common species west of the Mississippi; but this 
I believe, is its first record east of that stream, unless the species men- 
tioned by McNeill, in his “Illinois Orthoptera,”* as Philobostroma 
parva (?), be the same. 


*Psyche, VI., 64. 








218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 





2. SPHARAGEMON OCULATUM, Morse. 
Spharagemon oculatum,Morse,Proc. Bost.Soc. Nat. Hist , 
XXVI., 1894, 232. 


On August 1, 1892, I visited Lake Maxinkuckee, Marshall Co., 
Indiana, and in a sandy, fallow field, near the south-western border of the 
lake, I found this locust to be quite abundant in company with Spharage- 
mon bolli, Scudder. They never leaped when disturbed, but used the 
wings to propel them in a flight of about 30 yards; the males making a 
faint crackling noise as they cleared themselves from the earth, while the 
females were noiseless. A number of pairs were taken in copulation on 
this date. 

On August 17, 1893, I again visited the locality, and found the field 
to be in corn, but the Spharagemon was very common over about two 
acres of the most sandy portion. Resting on the soil between the rows, 
they were very difficult of detection, and eight times out of ten were not 
seen until! flushed, unless they had previously been “‘ marked down” as 
they alighted. A few were also taken from the sandy margin of the lake, 
but careful search over a wide extent of territory failed to reveal them 
elsewhere. 

Without specimens for comparison, and from the literature at hand, I 
determined them doubtfully as Spharagemon collare, Scudder, and sent 
specimens so named to Prof. A. P. Morse, who was making a detailed 
study of the genus. He found that they differed from the type specimens 
of co/lare in Mr. Scudder’s collection, and so described them as new, under 
the name cited above. 


3. TRIMEROTROPIS MARITIMA (Harris). The Maritime Locust. 
Locusta maritima, Harris, Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1862, 178. 
Ocedipoda maritima, Uhler, in Harris Rep., Zoc. cit. 
Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat, Hist. 
VIIL., 1862, 472. 
Thomas, Syn. Acrid, N.A., 1873, 124. 


Trimerotropis maritima, Stal, Recens. Orth., I., 1873, 135. 
Scudder, Dist. Ins. N. Hamp., 1874, 378. 
Thomas, Ninth Rep. St. Ent., Ill., 1880, 113. 
Fernald, Orth., N. Eng., 1888, 45. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 919 








Among a number of Orthoptera which were collected by Prof. E. E. 
Slick at Michigan City, Indiana, on September 18, 1892, and forwarded 
to me, was a single 9 of this species. I immediately returned it to him 
with the request that, if possible, he secure a number of others. On 
October 15, there having been several severe frosts in the meantime, he 
sent 18 additional specimens, 6 of which were ¢’s. At the same time he 
wrote concerning them as follows: ‘‘ Some were found dead and others 
could but jump one or two feet. I did not realize when the first lot 
was sent how nearly these were like the sand, because they were so wild. 
They were never more than roo feet from the edge of the water (Lake 
Michigan), and never along even the hillsides.” 


The only record which has come under my notice of the occurrence 
of maritima west of the Atlantic coast is the brief one given by Thothas 
in his Ninth Illinois Report, Zoc. ci#., where he says: ‘‘ This has been dis- 
covered only in the extreme northern part of the State.;” but he does not 
state when nor by whom it was taken. McNeill includes it in his list of the 
Illinois Orthoptera (PsycHE VI., 64), on the strength of the above state- 
ment by Thomas. 


Mr. Scudder, in his Distribution of Insects in N. Hamp., Joc. cit, 
writes of it as follows: ‘This curious grasshopper is a good example of 
mimicry, for it so closely resembles the colour of the sand on a sea 
beach that it is difficult to see it when alighted. It is found only in such 
localities, and reaches its northern limit about the narrow part of the 
State washed by the sea. South-west it extends at least as far as New 
Jersey.” 

TETTIGIN. 
4. TETTIX ARENOSUS, Burmeister, 
Tettix arenosa, Burmeister, Handbuch II., 1838, 659. 

Tettix arenosus, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XIX., 1877, go. 
Bolivar, Essai Sur. les. Tettig., 1887. 
95: 

Tettix ornatus, Scudder, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VIL, 
1862, 474 (In part.) 
Thomas, Syn. Acrid., 1873, 184 (In 


part.) 
(Not Zettix ornatus, Say.) 


930 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





In Indiana this grouse locust is much less common than Z: ornatus, 
Say, with which species it has been confounded by many writers. Bur- 
meister’s description was so short and unsatisfactory that unless one 
could examine his types it is impossible to determine what species he had 
at hand. 

Bolivar, in his “ Essai,” separates the group containing orvatus from 
that containing arenosus by the difference in the relative length of the 
pronotum, but collectors of these insects know that this character is of 
little value on account of its great variation in the same species. More- 
over, he gives the length of pronotum of ovatus as 7 5-9 mm., and states 
that it does not exceed the tip of the posterior femora. A glance at 
Say’s description and figure will show that he was wrong concerning both 
of these points, as the length of pronotum there, and the average length 
in many specimens at hand, is about 11.5 mm.. 


Arenosus,as I have it separated in my collection, is a somewhat 
shorter and broader species than ornatus, and with the median carina of 
the pronotum and vertex much more distinct. The granulations on the 
pronotum are longer and more irregularly distributed, and, especially on 
the posterior half, have a tendency to arrangement in short, oblique waves 
or ridges, while the median sulcus of the face is wider in its lower half 
than in ornatus. 

The general colour of avenosus is darker and the annulations of the 
antenne and legs are much more distinct than in ormatus, which in colour 
is an exceedingly variable insect. But little practice is necessary to 
quickly distinguish the two species in the field. 

Arenosus in this vicinity is found in small numbers about gravelly 
hillsides, and occasionally in company with Z. cucud/atus about the 
borders of streams, while ovatus is a very common species in dry upland 
woods. 


' 5. TETTIX GRANULATUS (Kirby). 


Acridium granulatum, Kirby, ‘Fauna Bor. Am.,IV., 1837, 251.” 
Tettix granulatus,Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII.,1862,474. 
Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N.A., 1873, 182. 
Bethune, Can. Ent. VII., 1875, 130. (Copy 
of Orig. Desc.) 
Riley, Rep. U.S. Ent. Commi, I), 1377, 256; 
fig, II. 
Bolivar, Essai Sur. les Tettig , 1887. 91. 
McNeill, Psyche, VI., 1891, 77. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Pie 





Tettix ornata, Harris, Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1862, 186. (Not 
Tettix ornatus, Say.) 
I have found this species in both Vigo and Fulton counties, and McNeill, 
Joc. cit., has recorded it from Franklin Co., Ind. 

In Vigo Co. it is evidently scarce, as I have taken it only in winter 
from beneath logs, in the vicinity of the large pond mentioned above, 
under Aulocara Scudderi. In Fulton Co., 150 miles north, I found it 
very common in the depths of a tamarack swamp, in company with 
Tettigidea polymorpha, Burm. 

In life, the inner wings of grauu/atus are bluish or bottle green, a 
character I do not remember to have seen noted by any previous writer. 

It is an insect of wide distribution, extending from ocean to ocean, 
and northward through British America. Vigo county is probably near 
the southern limit of its range. 


* * 
* 


NOTES ON SOME OF THE SPECIES MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS PAPERS. 


LEPTYSMA MARGINICOLLIS, Serville. (C. E., XXIV., 28.*) 


The only habitat of this species in Indiana, known to date, is the 
margin of the large river bottom pond mentioned in my previous paper. 
This has been partially drained, and, as a result, the locust was quite 
scarce in the autumn of 1893. I was much surprised, however, to find 
there, on May 2st, a fully developed male, with soft, flabby wings, as 
though just moulted, though no others of any age were seen on that date. 


TRUXALIS BREVICORNIS, Linn. (C. E., XXIII., 75.) 


This has proven to be a rather common species about the margins of 
marshes, ponds and lakes. In Vigo county it reaches maturity about 
August toth. It has been taken in Fulton and Marshall counties, thus 
extending its known range 150 miles northward. 


CHRYSOCHRAON viRIDIS, Scudder. (C. E., XXIII., 75.) 


The brown form of this species far outnumbers the green one in this 
locality. It has been taken in copulation as early as July 15. The spring 
and early summer of 1892 were very damp, it raining almost every day in 
the month of May. In the latter part of July hundreds of dead and 
dying specimens ot this species and of MWelanoplus bivittatus, Say, were 





*The references refer to the volume of Can. Ent, in which the species was previously 
mentioned by myself. 


a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





to’ be seen in the tops of iron weeds. They were principally 9’s, and 
their death was probably due to the insect fungus, Hvtomophthora 
calopteni, Bessey, an interesting account of which appeared in Bull. 22, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., 1890, 104. The disease was, perhaps, more abundant 
on account of the young being exposed to so much dampness in May 
and June. In two instances females of JZe/anoplus differentialis, 
Thomas, were discovered feeding upon the dead bodies of C. viridis, the 
abdomens and soft portions of the thorax having been wholly devoured. 


CHLOEFALTIS CONSPERSA, Harris. (C. E., XXIII., 75.) 


The {’s of this species are among the rarest locusts found in Indiana. 
Six years collecting have yielded me not more than as many perfect 
specimens. The ¢’s are by no means common, seldom more than four 
or five being seen in a day’s collecting. 

Mr. S. I. Smith* and Mr. S. H. Scudder} have teach given an inter- 
esting account of the egg laying habits of the ? conspersa. On August 
rith, 1893, I discovered a 9 in the act of boring a hole in the upper 
edge of the topmost board of a six-plank fence. The abdomen was 
curved downward, and the forcipate valves of the ovipositor used as 
pinchers with which small pieces of the wood were broken off. When 
discovered, the abdomen was inserted nearly one-half an inch in the pine 
board, and the upper edge of the opening about the sides of abdomen 
was covered with small pieces of wood, just as. the dust or borings will 
accumulate about the edge of a hole which a carpenter is boring. 

I stood by and watched her work for ten or more minutes, when she 
suddenly stopped, withdrew her ovipositor and hopped away. Along the 
fence, within a distance of 30 feet, I found 15 other holes, 11 of which 
were fresh, while the others had evidently been bored the previous year. 
Most of these were on the upper edge of the top board, which was in all 
cases of pine and perfectly sound. None of the holes contained eggs, 
most of them being less than half-an-inch in depth. 

On September 21st I found two 9’s ovipositing in the sides of a 
rotten stump. Their abdomens were inserted their full length, and when 
removed eggs were found in the lower horizontal portion of each cavity. 
‘ CHLOEALTIS CURTIPENNIS, Harris. (C. E., XXIII, 76.) 

This has proved to be a very abundant species among the tall grasse 
of the low, damp prairies of Northern Indiana. 





*Rep. Conn. Board of Agric., 1872, 375. 
+** Distribution of Insects in New Hampshire,” 371, 


THe CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 923 








PkzZOTETTIX GRACILIS, Bruner. (C. E., XXIII, 81.) 

Mature specimens have been taken as early as June 25th. By July 
4th it is common, especially upon the iron weeds (Vernonia fasciculata, 
Mich.) which grow abundantly in low, open woods. It has been found in 
copulation at this date and as late as November roth, though whether 
there is more than one brood each season, I have not been able to ascer- 


tain. 
(To be continued. ) 





A LEAF-TISSUE GALL ON MOUNTAIN COTTONWOOD. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA. 


A fleshy leaf-tissue gall was found on terminal twigs of Populus 
Monilifera (7) June 18, 1392, a few miles to the north of Ojo Caliente, in 
Southern Socorro county, New Mexico. This gall is somewhat similar in 
method of formation to one that has been found on Rhus microphylla, 
which possesses a cock’s-Comb-like appearance. 

Gall.—Diameter (after being thoroughly dried and much shrunken) 
of four galls: 15 by 12 mm. ; 17 by 19 by 14 mm.; 20 by 14 mm. ; 22 
by 20 by 18 mm.; the length (extent on stem) being less than width. 
Gall rather irregular in outline, fleshy, growing more or less in irregular 
sections, clustered together around the twig, but springing from side 
stems, consisting of a mass of fleshy, abnormally developed and degraded 
 Jeaf-tissue massed together. Colour, red on all surface exposed to the 
sun; the lower or inner surface next the centre of the tree, when not 
so exposed, but sheltered by the foliage, greenish. The irregularity of 
the external surface of the gall is due to the various groups of massed 
leaf-tissue being independently and unequally developed, with spaces 
between. 

Four galls. Two cast skins were found on the surface of these. The 
skins appear to be hemipterous, possibly homopterous. The fleshy 
sections of tissue contain cavities within, but there is no trace of the gall 


maker. 


224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF CHIONOBAS. 
BY DR. HERMAN STRECKER, READING, PA. 


Last December Mr. H. J. Elwes gave a revision of the genus Chionobas 
in Trans. Ent. Soc., London, to which Mr. W. H. Edwards, in the March 
number of the CAN. ENT., gives ‘‘ notes,” or rather exceptions, in which he 
still contends that Gzgas, Californica and /duna are three distinct species, 
but now allows Wevadensis, which he formerly considered also to be dis- 
tinct, to be a synonym of one of these, but does not know of which. 
Elwes has placed these four as one species, just as they are in the 
‘«« Synonymical Catalogue” issued by me in 1878, nor can I understand 
how anyone can imagine there is more than one species under the four 
names ; there is absolutely no point by which any of the examples can be 
separated, whether they come from California, Washington, Oregon or 
elsewhere ; were they to be mixed indiscriminately, without locality labels, 
no one could say from whence came this or that example, or which was 
this or that so-called species. 

With Subhyalina Elwes has followed our Syn. Cat. in the same way, 
with the single exception, an important one, that he has given the name 
Subhyalina priority over Crambis, which it really has by right of publi- 
cation, if the two names belong to the same insect, but the doubt sur- 
rounding the former name, which I believe belongs to an Erebia, 
influenced me in placing Freyer’s name first. The description of Azp- 
parchia Subhyalina in appendix to Ross’s 2nd Voyage, evidently fits 
Erebia Fasciata, ora variety of it, and, as Edwards suggests, the example 
in Oberthiir’s collection submitted to Elwes may not be the type, as 
certainly, if it is the same species as Bean took in N. W. Territory, it in 
no wise agrees with Curtis’s description. 

Ch. Alberta, which Edwards insists is Varuna, is a smaller form of 
Chryxus, of which I have good examples, ¢ 9, received from Morrison 
a number of years since, who took them in Idaho; Elwes’s types came 
from Calgary ; he says in the collection of a Mr. Wolley-Dod, from whom 
he obtained them, were also examples of Varuna. At the same time I 
received from Morrison Alberta $ 9; he also sent Varuna, f 9, taken 
at same locality. There is no difficulty in distinguishing these two, as 
Varuna is a variety or form of Uhderi, whilst A/berta occupies the same 
position towards Chryxus. Varuna Valso have from Bean, in N. W. Ty., 
and from Morrison, from Arizona. I have UA/erz, from Colorado, not to 
be distinguished from Varuna, from Idaho and Arizona, The female of 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229 








Alberta, which was unknown to Elwes, differs, as is usual in the genus, 
from the male, in the wings, being broader and more rounded ; the colour 
is same as 2; the outer edge of mesial band on under side of secondaries 
is markedly defined, but the whole space from that edge to the base of 
the wing is heavily striated. Of Ciryxus I have examples from Utah of 
the pale yellowish colour of Mevadensis, which, on the upper surface, 
they so wonderfully resemble as to be almost mistaken for medium-sized 
examples of that species. There are yet fairly strong grounds for Elwes’s 
first impression that /va//da was a variety of Chryxus, as the only 
apparent difference worth noting is that of colour, but there is too little 
of /va//da known to form any certain conclusion. 

From Morrison I also received a 2 Chionobas, taken by him at Mt. 
Graham, Arizona. The easiest way to describe this would be to say it is 
the counterpart of Ch. Fud/a, Ev.,from the Tarbagatai, a species but little 
known in American collections; this closely-allied American species, 
which we might designate as Ch. Daura, expands nearly 134 inches, is 
whitish ochraceous, almost the colour of /va//da, the primaries finely 
striated on costa, a broad, submarginal band scarcely a shade paler than 
the part interior to it, from which it is separated by a brown line pro- 
duced in an angle at 2nd discoidal nervure, from whence it recedes in- 
wardly at the costa ; in this band are three small black spots, in cells 2, 
3 and 5 the uppermost one largest and minutely pupilled with white. <A 
gray marginal band. Fringe from anal angle half way brown, rest brown 
and whitish alternately. Inferiors have a broad, pale, submarginal band, 
on which, in cell 2, is a minute black dot or point. The mesial band 
defined by a dark shade at edges. A gray marginal band. Fringe 
whitish, with brown at termination of veins. Reverse surface paler than 
above. Secondaries almost white, markings of upper surface reproduced. 
Primaries towards exterior margin delicately striated, the spot in cell 3 
wanting. Inferiors most daintily mottled, much finer than in its Asiatic 
analogue or in any other American species. A broad mesial band very 
distinctly defined and shaded with dark brown at its edges. Towards 
the margin of the wing a tendency in the mottling to segregation. Fringes 
on all wings as above. I have only seen this one 9 example, and on 
one example it is not to be known whether this be identical with the 
Central Asiatic species compared with it (to my examples of which its 
resemblance is amazing), which is possible, but scarcely probable, or 
whether it be distinct, which, as far as the American species are con- 
cerned, it certainly is, is one of those problems the future must solve. 


226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Ch. Brucei, W. H. Edw., I cannot separate from Sore, at least not 
from the examples of the latter I have from Dr. Staudinger, who, as an 
authority on the Palearctic fauna, has no peer. 

Ch. Beanii, Elwes, will easily be known always by its almost uniform 
dark smoky hue, and will hold its own; Assimz/is, with which Edwards 
contounds it, being only a synonym of Crambis, Frey. 

The true Ch. Semidea I have in numbers from Okkak, Labrador, and 
_ they differ in nothing from the Mt. Washington ones, as neither do several 
in my possession from Hudson Strait. Those from Colorado (which 
Edwards claims are Oeno) in some instances, especially in the females, 
have a slightly more ochrey shade, and the secondaries beneath are not 
so darkly coloured in the moss-like mottling, but these are entirely too 
slight grounds to sustain any claims to specific distinctness. I possess 
three distinct species from Labrador, viz., Semzdea, Crambis and Taygete, 
and the two first are as easily separable from each other as from the last. 

As to the value of the clasper depended upon by Mr. Elwes in associ- 
ating species, I certainly have no “ practical experience in the matter,” 
having never given it much attention, hence can offer no opinion, though 
from what I have noted of other instances of sexual peculiarities they 
sometimes would unite species otherwise by no means close. 


NOTES ON SOME OF THE NOCTU IN THE BRITISH 
MUSEUM COLLECTION. 


BY J. W. TUTT, F. E. S, (EDITOR OF ‘‘ THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD ”), 
LONDON, ENGLAND. 


Some remarks made by Mr. Grote in his “Note on Acronycta 
cristifera” \ead me to support his contention that in the British Museum 
“types may have become misplaced.” I am, of course, simply a 
specialist at European Nocru#, and only such material from outside 
countries as helps my work (more especially with the British species) has 
any great interest for me, and only so far as this can any remarks that I 
make be considered of value. 

In writing my Lritish Noctue and their Varieties, 1 was obliged to 
refer continually to the British Museum material. The Nocrua@ had then 
just been re-arranged by Mr. Butler, and it had been re-arranged in the 
very tip-top of museum methods. The great Zeller collection had been 
incorporated, Mr. Grote’s collection ditto, and the result no one can 
imagine. I maintain that collections of this kind have an inherent value 


b> 
-~T 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





in themselves, and that as soon as they are broken up no man can judge 
for a moment what the original possessor intended, whereas if we can only 
see the collection as a master left it, we can understand at a glance what 
he intended. 


To illustrate my point. In lumping the various collections together 
the most ridiculous errors have been made, even with the commonest British 
species. We have a common British species, very common indeed 
within two or three miles of the British Museum, Hadena thalassina. 
This species every youngster here gets his first season. In the Museum 
collection, as arranged by Mr. Butler, it consists of eight Madena 
(Mamestra) thalassina, two of H. adusta and four of H. genista; the 
last specimen of VV. margaritacea is a typical lV. glareosa; the two last 
specimens under the name of JV. punicea are specimens of VV. umbresa. 
Four specimens.of Agrotis nigricans, var. carbonea, are placed in the series 
of A. ¢ritici. A very fine series of the grey type of 4grotis (Pachnobia) 
hyperborea is in the Museum under its true name, but the “ types ” of its 
red British variety, carnica, are placed right away in another drawer, 
mixed up with another species, P. carnea. Struck, apparently, by the 
similarity of the names—carnea and carnica—the two red specimens of a 
distinct species have been put into the series of another species which has 
no affinities with the first. So much for some of the errors of lumping, 
which I can vouch for. 


Now, there is another little matter which should interest American 
entomologists, and which, I am sorry to say, puts Mr. Butler’s inability to 
see even the most striking specific characters in a strange light. It refers 
to Leucania (Heliophila) pallens and L. straminea. Mr. Butler writes : 
“TZ. pallens, of the United States, agrees absolutely with the European 
L. straminea. The two forms have practically the same characters, and, 
if received from any extra European locality, would never have been 
considered distinct ; indeed, it is possible to find examples which cannot 
with certainty be referred to one form rather than the other. Z. straminea 
differs chiefly in the generally more prominent pale longitudinal streak 
above the median vein of the primaries, and the better-defined black or 
dark markings. Not having bred both from the egg, I have kept them 
separate in the collection.” (Trans. Ent. Soc , London, 1890, pp. 660-661). 
A reference to the British Museum material, on which the remark was 
based, shows that they have mot been kept separate, and of a whole row 
thus named by Butler, only seven specimens are s¢raminea, and not one 


228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





of these came from America. The two species are much more distinct 
than Vanessa cardui and V. Atalanta, and I cannot imagine even the 
veriest tyro, if a field naturalist, considering them identical, and still less 
do I follow that the only reason for making them separate is that they do 
not ‘come from extra European localities” (what a condition the extra- 
European species in the British Museum cabinets, as recently re-arranged, 
must be in, if named on these lines, I must leave the “ extra-European ” 
naturalists to imagine !) whilst it is to be notéd that the only differences 
which Mr. Butler sees are “ the generally more prominent pale longitu- 
dinal streak above the median vein of the primaries” and “ the better- 
defined black markings,” when, as a matter of fact, it is difficult to find a 
point of similarity,—the thoracic crest in s¢vaminea, the differently shaped 
wings, the sexual variation in the hind wings, development of the pale 
nervures, etc., all pointing to complete distinctness, and all this muddle 
about two species which swarm on the Thames’ marshes in the south-east 
district of London, only a few miles, as the crow flies, from the British 
Museum, and which have different larve feeding at different times in 


different ways on different food-plants. 


I cannot say how extremely sorry I was to find this condition of affairs 
in our National Museum, but it is a most serious matter, and the condition 
cf the collections in the British Museum is a matter for the consideration 
of scientific men all over the world. 


Two things I would ask American entomologists to do. (1) To take 
nothing published on the Nocru in the British Museum for granted, and 
to be sure to verify each individual statement. (2) To insist, in season 
and out of season, that collections left by eminent men shall be left intact, 
so that specialists may form their own conclusions. The lumping process, 
which results in the production of such a condition of affairs as I have 
pointed out at length ia the Introduction to Vol. IV. of my British 
Noctue and their Varieties, is a matter for the consideration of every 


scientific man. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 


BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 





III. THE MELOLONTHINE SCARABZIDA OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 


The members of this group are distinguished, as already stated, by 
the position of the abdominal spiracles, which are placed in part on the 
superior portion of the ventral segments, the rows feebly diverging ; the 
last spiracle usually visible behind the elytra. Secondary sexual charac- 
ters are displayed often in the antenne, the club being longer in the 
males; the legs and ventral segments also often give us a clue to the 
sex of the specimen, as will be shown in the proper place. The following 
partially artificial key will enable the genera to be properly identified so 
far as the recorded species are concerned. 

A. Middle and hind tibiz with only one spur, which is sometimes obsolete. 
No onychium, body scaly...........0c00 sees Bela! evansPretaias «a's de floplia. 
AA. Middle and hind tibiz with two spurs, onychium well. developed. 
b. Form elongate, slender ; colours metallic green or bronze (at 
least in part) or yellow. 
Elytra not densely scaly ; claws chelate.............Dichelonycha. 
Elytra densely covered with ochreous scales ; claws not chelate 
PauEN ENG ki Saws swon's Siwweed stcwsihyichaeliaUehe ee tedven ates cathe QORUMMALEVENS. 
bb. Form robust, heavy ; colour brownish, sometimes iridescent, 
pubescent, or somewhat irrorated. 
c. Ventral segments five. Elytra either uniformly rather finely 
punctured or with punctured striae. ...............2..Diplotaxis. 
cc. Ventral segments six. 
d. Elytra with rather indistinct but regular sulci or grooves 
On the Giske 5 vsize Staal 5 93, seti ys cn afisad der anedo di, ca on EP ICE 
dd. Elytra without strie or sulcations over the greater portion 
of the disk. Size larger. 
Antenne with the third joint not elongate, the club 
ENTEE FOMMEM oi. wen asows segee vores eves canes, LACKNOSLER Bas 
Antenne with the third joint greatly elongate, the club 
three-jointed ....... aa aig eto ey ee Polyphylla. 

In using the above table care must be taken to count a// of the ventral 
segments—the first or last is in danger sometimes of being overlooked. 
A reference to the specific characters, as given in the following synopsis, 
however, will aid inexperienced workers in clearing up possible doubts, 


230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











It is perhaps unnecessary to mention that a fairly good lens should always 
be at hand to aid the eye in discriminating the more difficult species. 


Hop ia, Il. 


These are oblong insects, more or less flattened above, and covered 
either entirely or in part with scales, ordinarily yellowish, brownish, 
greenish or of metallic lustre. The claws are chelate. The two sexes 
often differ in size and colour, and the males have thicker hind tibiz and 
tarsi. They are found on flowers during the day. Following the scheme 
of Dr. Leconte, the Canadian species may be thus distinguished : 

A. Claws of hind tarsi not cleft. 
Prothorax wide, narrowed in front, sides subangulate and rounded. 
Sexes dissimilar in colour; the ¢ black, hairy, with cinereous 
pubescence, sprinkled beneath with silvery scales; 2 brown, 
very densely clothed with pale brown and yellowish silvery 
scales.. Racpew 3 SPE tanh ..trifasciata, Say. 
pr eiharan: paines in Shhant oe dhe yen idee cance angulated. 
Sexes similar, clothed with oval ochreous scales...mucorea, Germ. 
AA. Claws of hind tarsi cleft near the tip ; sides of prothorax broadly 
rounded, front and middle tarsi with two claws....... modesta, Hald. 

The Hoplia tristis of the Society list is the male of ¢72/asciata accord- 
ing to Dr. Leconte. 

DICHELONYCHA, Kirby. 


Elongate beetles, usually piceous or testaceous in colour, often with a 
distinct green or bronze lustre, found on young shoots or the leaves of 
trees. The claws are chelate (¢.c., capable of being folded along the tarsi). 
The male has the club of the antenna nearly as long as the funiculus, and 
the outline of the middle line of the abdomen is concave when viewed in 
profile. The table as given below will assist in identification : 

A. Thorax without median groove, but sometimes with a line. 


b. Legs almost entirely black............ RO Hictt m5 Yh Ae a Backii, Kirby. 
bb. Front and middle legs testaceous, tip of hind tibiz and the hind 
LATS MICEOMES Ue see eer ence cee er emeneseas stekots tes ca05c% elongata, Fab. 


bbb. Legs entirely testaceous. 
c. Anterior tibiz with the upper toothobsolete, Canadensis, Horn. 
cc. Anterior tibize tridentate. 
Median line of thorax faint, punctures 
COATSEF eof cith a ceetcetwe he’s} il fae eee eb eerrare tive 


THE CANADIAN ENVOMOLOGIST. 231 





Median line of thorax wanting, punctures 


finer.. rr te messi . festacea, Kirby. 
AA. Thorax with deep arian ¢ groove, ‘aie punctured in an even space 
Geli GIG Say aa tetva Paes saeia) a '« 's @ lellaitelab a cee aeeda eae ue/OIcad/ es, | Burm 


MACRODACTYLUS, Latr. 


The ‘Rose-bug,” JZ. subspinosus (Fig. 25), is the only recorded 
Canadian species of this genus, and is probably too well 
known to need an extended description. It is an elongate 
insect (about .35 inch) with very long and slender legs, the 
body covered with ochreous scales to the extent of obscuring 
the real colour. The thorax is very long and angulate on the 

Meee... (Sides; 


Serica, MacLeay. 


Two species are recorded from East Canada. They are robust convex 
insects of rather small size (.35 to .42 inch), broader behind, giving them 
a very characteristic appearance. ‘The species fly chiefly in the evening, 
and during the day may be found under leaves in the woods. They are 
easily separated thus: 

Body not iridescent, clypeus with a small acute incisure each 

SCD ee ceded Valais SHED atted oa wen (cd ave Celotta ders oan nee > vespertina, Gyll. 

Body iridescent, clypeus without incisure. ......06. sees secees sericea, Ill. 


DipLoTaxis, Kirby. 


These beetles are easily known from Serica, to which they bear 
some resemblance, by the elytra not being sulcate, but either simply 
_ punctate or with the punctures arranged in rows, the rows in pairs. The 
wider interspaces are irregularly punctured ; the body is less convex and 
less dilated posteriorly than in Serica. The species of the region under 
consideration may thus be known : 

A. Body pubescent, elytra without distinctrows of punciures..sordida, Say. 
AA, Body not pubescent above, elytra distinctly punctate-striate. 

Thorax with scattered punctures, leaving smooth spaces near the 

MUA GISiecccscess sofas Nanas Hikaads Bed title acted Qdaw ad sdaace liberta, Germ. 

Thorax densely and more finely punctured ........... tristis, Kirby. 


LACHNOSTERNA, Hope. 


This genus, formerly in confusion in all cabinets, has lately had the 
attention of Dr. Horn, who has developed characters that may be 


Doo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





used with profit in synoptic tables, and thus rendered the task of identi- 
fication much less difficult, though from the extent of the group there is 
necessarily still trouble in certain portions of the series. In the following 
table I have used chiefly the points first recognized as important either 
by him or by Dr. Leconte, but by a somewhat different, if more artificial, 
sequence, am able to do away with the necessity of using the fixity or 
freedom of tibial spurs of the male as a prime character, this being some- 
what difficult for a beginner to demonstrate without softening the 
specimen. ‘The ventral ridge referred to as separating the forms of the 
Jusca group is to be found near the hind margin of the ventral segment 
immediately preceding the last. 


Though the species of Zachnosterna are ordinarily easily separated 
from those of any other Eastern American genera by their facies (Fig. 20, 
page 197, Lachnosterna fusca) their extreme similarity amongst themselves 
is such as to practically debar the formation of a table based on easily 
seen characters, and the females must usually be associated with their 
appropriate males by comparison. They have been almost entirely left 
out of account in the second division (AA) of the accompanying table : 


A. Body above conspicuously hairy or pubescent. 


b. Antennz g-jointed ; body above sparsely clothed with erect 
og ins ena ces’ 3,5 enrn NR RMAY ALAR 7 ieSl S505, 0), 


bb. Antenne r1o-jointed. 
Elytra with series of erect hairs arranged in 
Vibise a. 3a et ame, 8 hirticula, Knoch. 


Elytra with sparse short pubescence, longer at 
DASE, pigese ss AMER © o s.vlea S Shite Gene tisetee tristis, Fabr. 


Elytra pruinose, pubescence uniform, recumbent. ¢/icis, Knoch. 
AA. Body without conspicuous hairs or pubescence above. 

c. Inner spur of hind tibize ¢ very short, the outer long and 
SlOmGer tu p.-ceeweyis sy cate SOBER Dale. shat’ | s,0 Miter yc ephilida, Say. 
cc. Inner spur of hind tibiz ¢ at least moderately long (usually 

half as long as the other or more). 
d. Yellowish-testaceous, form slender, subcylindrical, size 
small (.41.t0).§2) Melidtserc.«.-..... +. 0 eractts, Bin 
dd. Colour darker, form more robust, never notably slender, 

size larger. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233 





Fig. 26. 


e. Inner spur of ¢ hind tibiz arcuate and angularly 
bent at tip, somewhat sigmoid in form (see fig. 
Berea ac dev, 5 60 fin sania 5 See ona achat gibbosa, Burm. 


‘ee. Inner spur of ¢ hind tibiz at most slightly curved. 


f. Antenne 9g-jointed. , 
g. Sutural stria well impressed, the costa of 
normal convexity. 
Form oblong-oval, last ventral of ¢ 
convex, sometimes with a median 
channel.).......- + «aa MAb Elem: 


Form elongate, last ventral of ¢ broadly 
concave with Jongitudinal median 
impression...........védlifrons, Lec. 


gg. Sutural stria indistinct, costa scarcely 
GIEVBLEd %; davesdccenes alates bis Zimula, Horn. 


ff. Antennz to-jointed. 


h. Clypeus moderately closely punctate 
only, the sides of the thorax entire, 
disk never very coarsely punctate. 

Ventral ridge of ¢ long, arcuate, 
overhanging for its full length 
DEHIMGY Stes wseracaet dubia, Smith. 

Ventral ridge of ¢ longer, slightly 
curved, the ends only overhang- 
ing behind... ... -.. fusca, Froh. 

Ventral ridge of ¢ nearly straight, 
not overhanging behind............ 

See Guoles sais rien s grandis, Smith. 


hh. eres densely punctate. 


i. Thorax broadest at base, margin 
entire or slightly crenate, disk 
variably punctured. 

Last ventral of ¢ vaguely 
longitudinally impressed 
sadpecten «auch Mer aenares,|.1.cC. 

Last venta of ¢ with cupuli- 
form fovea. .fraterna, Harr. 


bo 
os 
re 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ii. Thorax widest at middle, margin 
distinctly crenate, disk coarsely 
punctate. 


Punctures of thorax regularly 
placed... profunda, Blanch. 


~  Punctures of thorax irregularly 
placed, the median line and 
often lateral spaces smooth 
sheSeteee weccoee FUGOSA, Mels. 


Of the species above given, grandis is reported (in Canada) only from 
Nova Scotia, and /imu/a from “south of Hudson’s Bay.” A few of the 
others are simply recorded from “‘ Canada” without more definite locality, 
but as they occur in the adjacent United States, they are in all probability 
to be met with in the provinces under consideration. ‘The cognvata of the 
Society’s list is simply a variety of fyatervna,in which the thoracic punctures 
are equal in size and the margin irregular; swb¢onsa is a synonmy of 
iicis, according to Dr. Horn. 

AR f POLYPHYLLA, Harr. 

fine The only form found in East Canada is P. vario/osa, 
4 Hentz (Fig. 27), a very fine, large insect, nearly or quite 
4 an inch in length. The form is something like that of 
i Lachnosterna, but the upper surface is marked with 
three white vittee on the thorax and indistinct lines and 
spots on the elytra, of whitish scales. The antenna of 


the ¢ is furnished with a very long club. 







Fig. 27. 


OBITUARY. 

Died, in New York City, 21st April, 1894, Mrs. Julia Perkins Ballard, 
wife of Prof. Addison Ballard, now of New York University, but for many 
years of Lehigh University. It was at Easton, Pa., that Mrs. Ballard 
became interested in entomology, and her personal experiences were 
published in the little volume, “ Insect Lives, or Born in Prison,” later 
revised and much enlarged, under the name of “ Among the Moths and 
Butterflies,” Putnams, 1890. Mrs. Ballard was enthusiastic in her studies, 
and her charming books have done much to foster a love of natural 


history among the young people. W. BE, 


Ce 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 23 





NEW CYNIPID. 
BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO. 


(Continued from page 159.) 


Cynips, Linn. 
C. washingtonensis, ni. sp. 

Galls of this species were sent me by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, 
Washington, who writes that they were collected from the twigs of 
Quercus garryana. The galls are ellipsoids, from 5 to 7 mm. in greatest 
diameter ; they are smooth, monothalamous and ‘snuff coloured, both 
externally and internally, and are attached by a small projection to the 
side of small twigs. A few specimens that appear not to be mature are 
greenish in colour, and have shrivelled somewhat on drying, so that the 
surface is covered with small, shrunken areas. The substance of the 
gall is uniformly and densely cellular. Described from 13 galls. 

Gall-fly—General colour a dark brown, inclined to black. Head 
small, blackish in colour, tinged with rufous ; antenne of the same colour 
as the head, 14-jointed, 3rd joint once and a-half as long as the qth. 
Thorax finely rugose and rather coarsely punctured, parapsidal and 
median grooves distinct near the scutellum, the former extending half way 
to the collar, the latter less than half way. The two parallel lines 
extending back from the collar and the lines over the bases of the wings 
are the blackest parts of the mesothorax. Scutellum rugose, foves 
scarcely discernable ; pleurz finely punctured, the punctures giving rise to 
hairs ; colour of pleure rufous. Addomen, except a large patch on the 
dorsum of the znd segment and a narrow line over the succeeding 
segments, densely set with silky pubescence, the hairs rising from minute 
punctures. MWzngs hyaline, 5 mm. long, nervures slender, radial area long 
and narrow. eet of a light chestnut colour, the tarsi being darkest, 
densely set with a fine pubescence. Length, 4 mm. 

Described from one bred female. 


ANDRICUS, Hartig. 
A. spongiola, Nn. sp. 

Galls of this species were also sent me by Mr. Kincaid, who writes 
that he took them from limbs of Q. garryana. They are polythalamous, 
globular, buffcoloured galls measuring from 3 to 534 cm. in diameter: 
some of the galls are tinged with salmon. The galls grow in clusters on 
the limbs, and are in some cases much pressed out of shape. Perfectly 


236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





shaped galls resemble the galls of Amphibolips spongifica. Internally the 
galls are composed of an exceedingly brittle, structureless material, of a 
whitish or buffy-white colour that, to all appearances, shrinks away as the 
gall dries, so that there are large open spaces internally. Near the point 
of attachment on the inside of the gall is more or less of a resinous 
substance. The portion containing the larval cells, which are few in 
number, sometimes only one, is more dense, almost woody, in structure. 
The substance of these galls cuts about like a perfectly dry cracker. 


This gall is separated readily from Mr. Bassett’s A. californicus by 
the much less dense internal structure, in which are large open spaces. 


Gall-flies.—The flies are of a very uniform walnut-brown colour 
throughout. So far as I can see, this colour alone separates the species 
from Bassett’s ca/ifornicus, which is very much lighter, a good cinnamon- 
brown. (These colours are given in accordance with Ridgway’s Nomen- 
clature of colours.) ead: Face finely rugose, more coarsely so near the 
mouth ; vertex, genze and occiput very finely rugose or granular in 
appearance, face rather closely set with very fine pubescence, occiput 
black, antennge 15-jointed, 3rd joint 114 times as long as the 4th, joints 
beyond the 4tA gradually shorter, last 7 or 8 joints quite short and thicker 
than the preceding. Zhorax very finely rugose and covered with pilose 
punctures, parapsidal grooves narrow and extending about half-way to the 
collar, median groove wanting ; a slight groove on either side runs forward 
over the base of the wings; the two parallel lines from the collar are very 
distinct and extend fully half-way to the scutellum. Scutellum with two 
small foveze fluted at the bottom, finely rugose, covered with a fine 
pubescence ; pleure finely punctured and hairy. Abdomen polished, 
sides of 2nd segment near its base hairy, all the segments very minutely 
punctured. Wangs slightly smoky, venation normal. /¢e¢ unicolorous 
with other parts, tarsal claws bidentate. 


Length, 5 mm. Wings, 6 mm. 
Described from 15 bred females. Galls were received August 26th, 
and the flies emerged between the 3rd and 22nd of November. 
Hotcaspis, Mayr. 
HT. maculipennis, n. sp. 


The fragments of a globular leaf gall, about 1%4 cm. in diameter, com- 
posed of a thin outer shell and a single larval cell held in place by 
radiating fibres, was sent me some time since by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 237 








who writes me that the gall was taken on the west slope of the Organ 
Mountains, in N. M., from a leaf of Q. wrightit. 

Gall-fly.—A single female fly, in perfect condition, accompanied the 
gall, and may be described as follows : 

Colour, rufous and black. ead, gene, orbits, vertex and bases of 
mandibles rufous ; middle of face, occiput and tips of mandibles black ; 
face finely rugose, punctured and sparsely haired, the hairs rising from 
the punctures ; vertex and genx more finely rugose or granular in appear- 
ance, palpi yellowish, antennx rufous, t4-jointed, 3rd joint and last three 
joints blackish, 3rd joint distinctly longer than the 4th. Zhorax: Pro- 
thorax rufous and finely rugose, mesothorax above blackish, streaked with 
rufous along the parapsidal grooves and along the lateral margins over 
the bases of the wings, otherwise black. The surface is finely rugose and 
set with punctures, moderately hairy, parapsidal grooves entire and very 
distinct, but not broad, median groove absent, the polished parallel lines 
extending back from the collar, and those outside the parapsidal grooves 
over the bases of the wings conspicuous ; scutellum rugose, rufous, except 
at base, where it is black, with shining basal groove crossed by numerous 
raised lines ; mesopleure rufous above and below, but black on median 
portion, punctured and moderately hairy. Addomen black and shining, 
venter somewhat rufous, posterior margin of segments very oblique, sides 
of znd segment near base hairy. Wangs long, nervures black, cells con- 
taining numerous black spots. This beautiful maculation of the wings, 
unlike any other species with which I am familiar, suggested the specific 
name for the species. Feet dark rufous, femora blackish, rather hairy. 

Length, 3 mm. Wings, 4 mm. 


DRYoPHANTA, Forst. 
D. glabra, n. sp. 

Galls of this species were found abundant by the writer on leaves of 
Quercus undulata at Manitou, Colo., Sep. 30th, 1892. The fresh galls 
are straw-coloured, becoming brown with exposure. They are semi- 
globular, flattened on the side next the leaf, from 4 to 6 mm, in diameter, 
and situated along the midrib of a leaf, on either surface, but mostly 
below. A single larval cell in each lies next the leaf, and from it a mass 
of delicate fibres radiate to the outer shell, which is rather firm. The 
inner surface of this shell, in galls that have been protected from the 
weather, is of a deep pink colour. A number of the galls usually occur 
on the same leaf, and sometimes crowd one another, so they are far from 
giobular. 


238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Gall-fly.—With the exception of a little rufous on the joints of the 
feet and on the base of the mandibles, the colour is deep black. Head 
finely rugose, face with two parallel grooves and median ridge, antennie 
14-jointed, 3rd joint as long as rst and 2nd or 4th and sth united ; ocelli 
well separated and inconspicuous. Zhgrax glabrous above, parapsidal 
grooves very distinct and extending to the collar, scutellum rugose, with 
basal groove, mesopleure smooth and glabrous beneath the wings. 
Abdomen shining, black, without sculpturing, the posterior margin of the 
2nd segment quite oblique. Wzngs long, hyaline, beautifully iridescent, 
nervures slender. ef black, tibiz set with a very fine gray pile. 
Length, 2% mm. Wings, 4 mm. 

Described from one bred female. 

(To be continued. ) 


CORRESPONDENCE. 





LITHOPHANE ORIUNDA. 
Sir,—Two localities may be mentioned additional to those given by 
Mr. Moffat in July (1893) number. 
Mr. Grote has recorded Wisconsin as a habitat of Oriunda, and I can 
say that a single specimen was collected at Galena, Illinois, Sept. 26, 
1875, from a sugared tree. Tuomas E. Bean, Laggan, Alberta. 


Sir,—I wish, on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario, to 
acknowlede the receipt of a contribution to the Society’s collection of 
native Coleoptera, from Mr. A. H. Kilman, of Ridgeway. It consists of 
over a hundred and fifty species that were wanting in the Society’s 
cabinets, all nicely mounted and in fine condition. 

London, May 16th, 1894. J. Atston Morrat, Curator. 


IS CH.NONYMPHA TYPHON SYNONYMOUS WITH C. INORNATA ? 

Sir,—Will American entomologists who are acquainted with the 
European formas of Cenonympha typhon, especially with vars. /aidion, 
Bork, and zszs, ‘Tett (probably identical), inform me whether Cenonympha 
inornata, Edw., is a distinct species or is identical with these varieties? 
From the descriptions, I incline to the latter view, but an inspection of 
some specimens of the American insect in the British Museum (Natural 
History), not very first-rate ones by the way, rather lends countenance to 
the former. F. I, Bucket, M. B., 32 Canonbury Square, 

London N , England. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 239 





GLASS TUBES AS INCUBATORS. 


Str,—On June the 24th, 1893, I was obliged to go to my home in 
the High Sierras and beyond the Yosemite 22% miles, as I had some 
moth eggs that I wanted to hatch and rear larve from. Before going I 
placed all the leaves that had eggs on them in a small glass jelly jar ; 
being three days getting there, on account of the deep snow, I kept 
putting in fresh leaves every day for the young larve to feed on, as the 
eggs had begun to hatch before I started, and when I got home I had 
more dried and withered leaves than I bargained for, and in consequence 
lost some of the smaller larve that had hidden themselves. To prevent 
a recurrence of such loss, I thought of some glass tubes that were sent to 
me by Prof. Riley. I then separated all the leaves that had eggs on them, 
cut away all the superfluous dry parts of the leaf, and placed them all in 
one of these tubes, introducing a fresh leaf or part of one until a newly 
hatched larva made its appearance ; I would then draw him out with the 
leaf and place him in another tube, or on a potted plant, thus ensuring 
correct data and better chances of observing its natural life-habits. This 
also ensures saftey to both eggs and the young larve, as new food can be 


introduced and the old extracted without annoying the larve. 


Joun B. Lemepert, Yosemite, Cal. 


THE ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 


The Association of Economic Entomologists will hold its annual 
meeting this year in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 14th and sth, dates imme- 
diately preceding the meeting of the American Association for the 
Advancement of Science. 

The fact that the meeting is to be held in Brooklyn is a sufficient 
guarantee of a large attendance and a meeting of more than usual interest. 
It is sincerely hoped that every member who can will be present, with 
papers to read, questions to ask and. ideas to impart, that will make the 
meeting profitable and send all back to their posts of duty inspired to 
better work, C. P, GiLverte, Sec’y., Fort Collins, Colo. 


240 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. 


ASSEMBLING OF ATTACUS PROMETHEA. 


Sir,—About 3 o’clock p.m., on the 11th of June, whilst hunting along 
the east side of a high picket fence, running north and south, with woods 
on the west, and a field on the east, my attention was arrested by the 
unusual movements of what I thought was a black butterfly. It was 
fluttering up and down the tall pickets, passing through between them 
and returning again, in a state of evident excitement. It left off, and flew 
close by me, when I saw that it was a male promethea. Meanwhile 
another had taken its place, and was going through similar movements. 
I at once inferred that a female must be in that vicinity. I moved on- 
ward, looking between the pickets, and I saw a female suspended to the 
lower end of a cocoon, out of which she had probably emerged that day. 
The cocoon was attached to the end of a slender twig, 12 or 14 inches 
from the fence, and about 4 feet from the ground. 

I remained close by and watched the movements. There were at 
least four males on the wing. They would fly 20 or 30 feet along the 
fence, either way, and return. They never flew far afield, and I did not 
see that they ever entered the woods, whilst one or other of them was 
always fluttering about the spot, regardless of my presence. They 
seemed to tire themselves out in a main effort to locate the object of 
their search. I had watched for about fifteen minutes, when one came 
quietly along, passed between the pickets, fluttered hither and thither for 
an instant, then I saw its mate was found. During my observation the 
female was perfectly quiescent ; not a movement of wing or foot. There 
were three males still on the wing when I left. 

Are we to consider A. promethea a day flyer? or are all the Suturniide 
ready to pair at any hour of the twenty-four when circumstances are 
favourable ? It seems they do not require to fly at all to feed. The 
female may oviposit during the night. 

I was greatly impressed during the observation by noticing how little, 
if at all, eye-sight was made use of. J. ALston Morrat. 


Mailed August Ist, 


fii 


The ana Koto beat 








VOL. XXVI._ _ LONDON, SEPTEMBER, ayy No. 9. 








SOME INDIANA ACRIDIDA.—IIL. 
BY W. S, BLATCHLEY, TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA. 
(Contnued from page 223.) 

Among the species of Pezotettix occuring in Indiana, there is one which 
I have never been able to place satisfactorily to myself. In my first 
paper on Indiana Acridide I called it P. rotundipennis, Scudder, upon 
the authority of Mr. S. H. Scudder, to whom specimens had been sent. 
Afterwards other specimens were sent to Prof. Lawrence Bruner, of 
Lincoln, Nebraska. He referred them doubtfully to P. uzzcolor, Thomas, 
stating that he had never seen wmico/or, but that in his opinion they were 
not rotundipennis, as they differed materiaily from authenticated 
specimens of that locust in his collections from Florida. 

I then let the matter rest for three years, when, finding no description 
agreeing with the insect, and having received nothing like it in exchange, 
I sent a number of specimens to Mr. A. P. Morse, of Wellesley, Mass., 
who carefully compared them with Mr. Scudder’s types of rotundipennis, 
and pronounced them different. Mr. Scudder, after a second and more 
careful comparison, also pronounces them different. That they are not- 
unicolor anyone who will carefully compare them with Thomas’s descrip- 
tion (Syn. Acrid., 151) or with the figure of that species (Pl. XLIV. Orth. 
of Wheeler Survey, 1875) will readily ascertain. 

Taking the above facts into consideration, I believe the species to be 
new to science, and describe it herewith as follows : 


PEZOTETTIX OBOVATIPENNIS sp. nov. 


Pezotettix rotundipennis, Scudder, Blatchley, Can. Ent., 
XXIII., 1891, 80. 

A Pezotettix, the ¢ of which is below the medium in size; the ? 
much larger, and quite robust. The tegmina are shorter than the pronotum, 
obovate in outline, a little longer than their greatest breadth, and reach 
but little beyond the first abdominal ring. Inthe 9? they are separated 
SEMY 


f 
‘ 


wa 


242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








from each other on the dorsum by a space equal to three-fourths their 
greatest width ; proportionally nearer in the ¢. Wings represented by a 
slender, oblong scale, which does not reach the tympanum. 

Pronotum with both anterior and posterior margins subtruncate ; the 
sides of the posterior lobe finely and densely punctate. The disk in ¢ 
with the lateral margins slightly divergent only on posterior half; in @ 
obviously divergent throughout their entire length, so that the posterior 
margin of disk is one-third wider than the anterior. Median carina 
distinct and equal throughout, the lateral carine present but indistinct, 
especially on the posterior lobe. Occiput, tumid, prominent. Vertex 
between the eyes broader than basal joint of antenne in 9, of equal 
breadth in ¢ ; the margins somewhat elevated above the slightly depressed 
centre and continuous with the margins of the frontal costa ; the latter 
not sulcate in the ?, slightly so above ocellusin ¢. Eyes prominent. 
Cerci of ¢ oblong, the basal third slightly broader than apical third, the 
middle narrower ; the apical half but little curved inward, and but slightly 
excavated on its exterior face, The hind femora shorter than abdomen 
in ¢. 

Colour of dried specimens: Above, dull grayish-brown or tan. A 
shining black band starts from the middle of posterior margin of each 
eye, and passes back, covering the upper half of lateral lobe of pronotum, 
then narrows and curves downward to coxa of middle leg. Below, this is 
bordered by an ivory-white band, which extends back from cheek and 
covers lower half of lateral lobe of pronotum, and then curves down 
-between the front and middle coxa. The metapleurite is also ivory-white. 
Below, the general colour is a dirty yellowish-brown, with the lower face 
of the femora orange-yellow. The hind femora with their apices black, 
and with two indistinct blackish bars on the upper and outer faces. Hind 
tibie olive-green, annulate with whitish near the base, the spines black. 
Antenne with the basal half reddish-brown, the apical half fuscous. 

Measurements: Length of body, g¢, 16 mm., ?, 24 mm. ; of antenne, 
3,9 mm, ?, 9.5 mm.; of tegmina, J, 2.7 mm., 2, 4 mm.; of hind 
femora, ¢, 1omm.,@?, 12.5 mm.; of hind tibia, 7,9 mm.,?, 10.5 mm. 

According to Morse, the following are the chief differences between 
obovatipennis and Mr. Scudder’s rotundipennis : The hind femora of the 
latter are much stouter, and the sides of pronotum more divergent. The 
anal cerci- of obovatipennis are flatter, more erect, and more nearly equal 
in breadth and thickness throughout. The width of supra-anal plate, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243 





instead of being equal to the length, as in rotundipennis, is much narrower 
than the length. The greatest difference, however, is seen in the marginal 
apophyses of the segment preceding the anal plate. In odovatipennis 
these are arched, divergent, tapering, and of considerable length, with a 
deep and narrow notch on each side at base; while in rotundipennts 
they are fully developed as slight flattened triangular projections, shorter 
than broad, and with the base not notched. 


No description is extant of the ¢ of P. unicolor, Thomas. The 
following characters, from the description of the ?, will show that it is 
distinct from obovatipennis : 

“Sides of pronotum parallel; carinz equally distinct. Elytra half as 
long as abdomen, oblong-ovate. Hind femora passing the abdomen 
slightly. Colour, reddish brown throughout.” 

In general appearance obovatipennis resembles somewhat Pez. manca, 
Smith, but the ? of the former is much larger and more robust, with the 
disk of pronotum flatter, the sides more divergent, and the vertex broader. 
The tegmina are shorter, and with a much narrower base than those of 
manca, while the two species differ materially in colour. 

Obovatipennis has been taken only in Vigo and Monroe counties. It 
reaches maturity about September rst, and frequents, for the most part, 
high, dry, open woods, especially those in which beech and oak trees 
predominate. On the tops of the hills, in the coal district of Vigo Co., 
where the soil is a clay, and the herbaceous vegetation somewhat limited, 
it is the prevailing, and often only, representative of the family. In late 
October, if the season is dry, it is often found in company with Chrys- 
ochraon viridis and Truxalis brevicornis among the reeds and tall, rank 
grasses near the border of marshes, and as late as November 22nd has 
been noted enjoying the afternoon sunshine from a perch on the bottom 
plank or rail of a fence. The 9?’s are always much more numerous than 
the ¢’s, the ratio being about 8 to 1x. Their larger, robust form 
renders them more clumsy, and hence more readily caught by the hand, 
the ¢’s being active leapers, and requiring quick movement on the part 
of the collector to effect their capture. 

PEZOTETTIX OCCIDENTALIS, Bruner. (C. E., XXIII, 81.) 

This is the Pez. viola of my first paper. When that was prepared, I 
considered P. viola and P. occidentalis as synonyms, but having received 
typical examples of the former from Prof. McNeill, I find them to be 
distinct, 


244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Occidentalis is probably the least common species of the genus in the 
State, its general range being more western. 


PAROXYA ATLANTICA, Scudder. 


Paroxya atlantica, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 
Hist., XIX; 2q 

My Lezotettix hoosieri (C. E., XXIV., 31) is doubtless a short-winged 
form of this species. Typical specimens of a¢/antica recently received 
from Mr. A. P. Morse differ only in being much duller in colour, and in 
having the tegmina reaching to end ofabdomen. I have taken hundreds 
of the form Aooséeri in this State, and in no one have the tegmina reached 
beyond the middle of abdomen, but wing length in orthoptera is a 
character of but little importance. In Mr. Scudder’s original description 
of at/antica, the length of antenne of 3 is given as ro mm., whereas, in 
the examples received from Mr. Moise, and in all taken in Indiana, they 
are fully 15 mm. in length. 

I have found this species in but two localities in the State, viz. : about 
the margins of a large pond in Vigo County, and ina tamarack swamp in 
Fulton County. It is abundant in both places from August to October. 
MELANOPLUS COLLINUS, Scudder. (C. E.; XXIII, 99.) 


For the past three years this has been a very common locust, reaching 
maturity in this vicinity about July 15th. Like the next species and 
Pezotettix gracilis, it delights to carry on its courtship among the leaves 
and branches of the iron weed, and hundreds may be taken there, many 
of them in copulation, as early as August rst. While of about the same 
length, the females are much more robust than those of either JZ. femur- 
rubrum or M. atlanis, and the tegmina just reach the tip of or area 
little shorter than the abdomen, instead of exceeding it as in those species. 
It doubtless occurs throughout Indiana, having been taken on the border 
of Lake Michigan, by Prof. Slick. 


MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS, Say. (C E., XXIII., 99.) 

A common species in eirly summer, making its appearance about 
June 15th, and disappearing by mid-September. 

Mr. Scudder considers M. femoratus, Burmeister, as distinct from this 
species, stating* that : “b/v7ttatus has the hind tibiz glaucous and yellow ; 


in femoratus they are red; and the two species. can be instantly dis- 
tinguished by these peculiarities.” 





*Report Brit. N. A., Bound Survey, 1875, 343. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245 





I have taken in Northern Indiana a glaucous-legged ¢ in copulation 
with a red-legged 9, and also specimens in which the tibiz were dark 
brown at base, greenish or glaucous in the middle, and red on the apical 
third. Specimens from New England, labeled femoratus, by Prof. Morse, 
differ in no wise from those from Indiana, called dzvéttatus by as able an 
authority as Prof. Lawrence Bruner. Iam, therefore, constrained to 
believe that the two so called species are one and the same, Say’s name 
having the priority. 

MELANOPLUS GRISEUS, Thomas. (C. E., XXIV., 30.) 

On September 24th, 1893, I found this locust to be quite common 
within the depths of a tamarack swamp in Fulton Co. While other 
Acridide were common up to the very border of the tamarack growth, 
this and two species of grouse locusts were the only ones found within 
this border. Several pairs were taken in coitu. It was not an active 
insect—usually, after one or two short leaps, squatting close to the earth, 
and seemingly depending upon the close similarity of its hues to the 
grayish lichens about it to avoid detection. 

* Ox 
* 

Other than the Tettiginze, the earliest dates at which mature locusts 
have been taken in Vigo County are as follows : 

Schistocerca americana, Drury, April 11th, 1893. Blown in by storm.* 

Chortophaga viridifasciata, De Geer, Apr. 15th, 1894. 

Arphia sulphurea, Fab., May 5, 1894. 

Pezotettix virtdulus, Walsh, May 11, 1894. 


CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA—No. 6. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA. 


This paper contains the descriptions of the remaining new species of 
Ichneumonidz from Vancouver Island. For.the generic determinations 
of Amorphota, Semiodes, Phobetes and Hypocryptus, representing 
genera not hitherto recognized in America, I am indebted to Mr. 
Ashmead. : 

Sub-family ICHNEUMONIDA, 


TroGus FLETCHERII, n. sp’ 


Female—Length, 14 mm. Black with brownish abdomen and 
ferruginous legs. Head black; face beneath antenne, narrow orbits, 








*See Psyche, June, 1893. 


946 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








palpi and mandibles ferruginous ; antennz long, slender, brown above, 
the scape and basal half of flagellum beneath, ferruginous. Thorax 
black, coarsely punctured ; two short lines on mesonotum; scutellum, 
posterior face of metathorax, tegule and sutures at base of wings, 
ferruginous ; legs, including coxe, entirely pale ferruginous, or rufo- 
testaceous ; wings large, yellowish; nervures ferruginous, the costa darker. 
Abdomen as in exesorius, but more coarsely sculptured and of a 
brownish colour, the first segment and base of second a little paler. 
Described from one of two @ specimens bred by Mr. Fletcher from 
the pup of a Vancouver Island papilio, and named after him in recogni- 
tion of the fact that to his example and incentive I owe my interest in 


entomology. 
Sub-family OPHIONIN#. 


ANGITIA AMERICANA, 0. Sp. 

Female—-Length, 6 mm. Black, with partly rufous legs. Head small, 
polished ; face opaque, but scarcely sericeous ; clypeus slightly swollen, 
with a small tubercle above ; antennz reaching to middle of abdomen, 
slender, filiform, 19-jointed, joints 3-5 gradually decreasing in length, 
remaining joints sub-equal, the apical joint flattened internally. ‘Thorax 
longer than high; mesonotum and pleure polished, the former indistinctly 
punctulate ; scutellum rather prominent ; metathorax declivous, areolated 
and punctate, the central area fusiform and less coarsely sculptured ; 
legs slender ; base of all the cox, the trochanters and the tarsi piceous ; 
femora and four anterior tibie rufous, the posterior tibize dusky ; wings 
hyaline, iridescent ; stigma sub-triangular and with the nervures brownish, 
areolet sub-pentagonal, the outer transverse nervure less distinct. Abdo- 
men strongly compressed towards apex, piceous-black and highly polished ; 
first segment long and slender, not expanded at tip, which is faintly 
sulcate, spiracles near apex ; second and third segments long, the incisure 
almost invisible ; remaining segments short and slightly retracted ; 
ovipositor scarcely exserted. 

Described from one ? specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 


PyRACMON VANCOUVERENSIS, N. sp. 

Female—Length, 10 mm. Black, legs and abdomen in part rufous. 
Head sub-quadrate, as wide as thorax, black, distinctly punctate ; entire 
face below antennz, interior orbits nearly to summit of eyes, cheeks 
below the eyes, mandibles except tips, palpi and scape of antenne, 
yellow ; a puncture at each upper angle of clypeus ; antenne long, slightly 


4 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. : 247 





swollen medially and attenuated apically. Thorax with rather coarse 
punctures ; those of the pleurz and pectus less closely placed, a con- 
spicuous suboval polished spot beneath the insertion of wings ; meta- 
thoracic areas well defined ; legs rufous, including the coxe, the anterior 
pair paler, with cox and trochanters yellow, the intermediate coxe and 
trochanters also partly yellow; posterior tibie darker towards apex, and 
tarsi yellowish ; wings hyaline, stigma and nervures dark brown ; areolet 
triangular, the outer transverse nervure incomplete, only extending two- 
thirds the distance across the cell; if complete it would meet the second 
recurrent nervure ; tegule pale. Abdomen rufous; the petiole, apex of 
segment three, and following segments above, black ; ovipositor scarcely 
exserted. 
Described from one ? specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 


AMORPHOTA, DN. Sp. 


A species referred to this genus is found in Mr. Taylor’s collection, but 
it has been damaged, and the abdomen is now missing. It is therefore 
not advisable to describe the species until further material is received. 
There is a possibility of its having been described as a Limneria. 


Sub-family TRYPHONINA. 


SEMIODES SEMINIGER, N. sp. 


Male—Length, 7.5 mm. Black, with legs and abdomen rufous. Head 
transverse, as wide as thorax, truncate posteriorly, rather coarsely 
punctured, a semi-circular carina below the antennz ; face and cheeks 
with yellowish pubescence; clypeus, mandibles, and scape, beneath, 
. rufous ; antennz nearly as long as body, moderately short at base and 
attenuated toward apex, about 30-jointed.. Thorax entirely black, lobes 
of mesonotum distinct, the central more strongly punctured than the 
lateral ; metathorax truncate posteriorly and strongly areolated; legs 
rather stout, the posterior femora slightly swollen ; all bright rufous, in- 
cluding the coxz; wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish, the nervures 
brownish, the areolet small, sub-pentagonal. Abdomen petiolate, entirely 
rufous except petiole; the first segment gradually expanded to apex, 
spiracles beyond the middle, two dorsal carine not reaching the apex ; 
first segment and base of second sub-aciculated, the rest of abdomen 
polished and feebly punctulate. 

Described from one ¢ specimen from Victoria, V.I. (Taylor.) 


248 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





PHOBETES CANADENSIS, N. sp. 


Female—Length, 7.5 mm. Mostly ferruginous. Head transverse, 
emarginate posteriorly, pale ferruginous; eyes black ; a spot enclosing the 
ocelli, others at the base of antennz and of the mandible, black ; clypeus, 
mandibles, palpi and lower orbits yellowish ; antennze testaceous, nearly 
as long as body and rather stout, about 30-jointed. Thorax ferruginous, 
with the sutures more or less black; mesonotum rather prominent, 
indistinctly punctulate; scutellum convex ; metathorax rounded posteriorly 
with a triangular central area enclosed by feeble carine; spiracles circular; 
legs rufous, all the tarsi paler; wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish, 
nervures brownish, no areolet. Abdomen broadly fusiform, ferruginous, 
the apical segments dusky; the first segment expanded beyond the 
spiracles, the dorsal carine almost obsolete ; first and second segments 
sub-opaque, densely, finely punctulate; ovipositor scarcely exserted. 

Described from one ¢ specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 


HypocrRYPTUS VANCOUVERENSIS, n. sp. 


Male—Length, 6.5 mm. Black, with legs and middle of abdomen 
rufous. Head rather large, about twice as wide as long; vertex rounded 
and smooth, with fine punctuation ; face below the antenne with fine 
silvery pubescence ; a spot on mandible and the palpi pale; antenne 
stout, as long as head and thorax, black, with a yellow spot on scape 
beneath. Thorax entirely black ; mesonotum closely, finely punctulate ; 
pleurz shining, indistinctly punctured ; metathorax truncate posteriorly, 
strongly areolated and rugosely punctured ; legs pale rufous, including 
cox; the four anterior trochanters yellowish; base of posterior coxe, 
trochanters, tips of tibiz and tarsi dusky; wings hyaline, nervures 
brownish, no areolet. Abdomen sub-petiolate, the first segment expanded 
posteriorly and with two sub-obsolete dorsal carine; segments 
one and two, with base of three, densely, opaquely punctulate ; 
terminal segments polished and sparsely punctulate; first and apical 
segments black ; two, three, four, except sides, and spot at base of 
five, rufous. 

Described from one ¢ specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 

Sub-family PIMpPLin&. 
EPHIALTES PACIFICUS, N. sp. 


Female—Length, 20-25 mm., with ovipositor 40-50 mm. Black, legs 
rufous. Head polished ; face with yellow pubescence, longer on clypeus ; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 249 





palpi pale; antenne slender, shorter than the abdomen. Thorax 
polished, with faint, sparse punctures on mesonotum and pectus ; meta- 
thorax more coarsely punctate, feebly sulcate, the carinz obsolete ; 
tegule, with a brief line before, white; legs, including cox, rufous ; 
posterior tibiz and tarsi brownish; wings hyaline, iridescent, areolet 
sub-triangular. Abdomen slender, coarsely punctured; first segment 
carinate and sulcate only at base ; segments 2-4 nearly twice as long as 
the first, which is shorter than fifth ; apical third of segments 2-6 polished 
and transversely wrinkled; ovipositor rufous, twice as long as the 
abdomen ; sheaths black, coarsely pubescent. 


Male—Length, 8 mm. Differs from ? in being so much smaller and 
in having the legs somewhat paler. The anterior coxze and trochanters, 
a spot on intermediate, and a small annulus at base of posterior tibiz, 
white. Abdomen slender, segments of almost equal length. 


Described from three ? and one ¢ specimens from Victoria, V. I. 
(Taylor.) The diminutive ¢ may belong to a different species, 
but it resembles this much more closely than it does any other species 
from British Columbia. 


EPHIALTES VANCOUVERENSIS, Nn. sp. 


Female—Length, 16 mm., with ovipositor 30 mm. Black, with rufous 
legs. Head finely punctulate ; face sericeous, edge of clypeus and tips of 
mandibles rufous, palpi white ; antennz slender, 10 mm. long. Thorax 
finely sculptured ; mesonotum finely, transversely rugulose, pleuree densely 
punctate ; lateral margin of prothorax yellow, with a highly polished 
groove above ; metathorax closely punctured, feebly sulcate, carinz 
obsolete ; four anterior legs, including coxe, yellowish ; the intermediate 
with the femora and tibie externally rufous, and the tarsi brownish ; 
posterior coxe, trochanters and femora rufous, the tibiz and tarsi black ; 
wings hyaline, stigma and nervures black, areolet sub-triangular and sub- 
petiolate. Abdomen finely sculptured and not tuberculate, except 
obsoletely on the basal segments ; first slightly longer than second, not 
carinate or sulcate ; three following segments of equal length, remaining 
segments gradually shorter and more finely punctulate ; ovipositor as long 
as body, red, with black, finely pubescent, sheaths, 


Described from one ? specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.) 


550 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 





ARENETRA PALLIPES, 0. Sp. 

Male—Length, to-12 mm. Black, with rufous legs. Head coarsely’ 
punctate ; face and cheeks with very dense greyish pubescence ; antennz 
long and stout. Thorax more coarsely punctured, less pubescent, the 
pleuree somewhat shining ; all the coxz and trochanters black, remainder 
of legs rufous, except posterior tibiae, which are brownish ; wings 
iridescent, sub-hyaline ; stigma and nervures black. Abdomen finely” 
sculptured, except the first segment, which is coarsely punctate at base 
and longitudinally aciculate at summit; lateral margins of segments 1-4 
vellowish, apical margin of 2-6 narrowly white. 

~ Described from five J specimens from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor), dated 
February, March and April, 1886, and marked as ‘“‘ Very common, flying 
over garden at Cedar Hill.” 


COLEOPTERA TAKEN AT LAKE WORTH, FLORIDA. 
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M.D., ALLEGHENY, PA. 


Lake Worth is an elongated bay connected with the ocean, two and: 
one-half miles from its northern end, and separated from it by a narrow 
elevated strip of land, varying in width from two hundred to nine hundred 
yards. Its length is about 20 miles, while in width it averages about 
thirteen hundred yards. The country adjacent to the west shore is 
largely in its primitive state—white sand overgrown with Saw Palmetto,’ 
scrub live oak and many other shrubs and vines, with occasionally some 
pines. The flora of the strip between the lake and the ocean is designated 
the semi-tropical forest by Mr. Schwarz, who has largely developed the 
coleopterous fauna of South-eastern Florida. 

The part of the lake and the ocean beach where this collection was 
made is that north from the inlet in about lat. 25° 40’, long. 80°, this part 
of the coast being the most eastern point of Florida, and almost touched 
by the Gulf stream. The collecting was done from February 18th to April, 
18th, a season of the year when most insects have disappeared in these 
warm regions, as is well known, just as they do at the north during the 
same months, Insects were, perhaps, scarcer than usual on account of 
the dryness of the season, there having been no rain from December till 
my departure, and the temperature by night mostly 70°, and that of 


midday 84°. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251 





The whole number of species taken was 172; of these, eleven are 
undetermined, being either aZeocharini or small things, only one of which 
is thought to be undescribed ; of the others, 97 are very widely distributed; 
40 (marked with a +) extend westward in the Gulf States, some of these 
as far as Texas ; while only 25 (marked *), so far as known to the writer, 
have not occurred northward from Florida. | 


How many additional species exist in the territory collected over is 
conjectural, but certainly not more than 150, and these must be largely 
of species whose larvee live in wood and fruits or seeds. The character 
of the soil, that of the flora and the long continued droughts militate 
against a coleopterous fauna prolific in species. This statement, however, 
applies only to this and similar localities. 


+ Cicindela tortuosa, Dej. Anisodactylus var. merula, Dej. 
+ media, Lec. nitidipennis, Lec. — 
marginata, Fab. Copelatus glyphicus, Say. 
Pasimachus marginatus, Fab. Thermonectes basilaris, Harr. 
Scarites subterraneus, Fab. * Cybister olivieri, Crotch. 
Dyschirius var.* falciger, Lec. Tropisternus glaber, Hbst. 
Ardistomis obliquata, Putz. + Hydrocharis castus, Say. 
Bembidium contractum, Say. Philhydrus var. simplex, Lec: 
+ Tachys columbiensis, Limer. + Phcenonotum extriatum, Say. * 
nanus, Gyll. ? Homalota, 3 species. 
+ Loxandrus agilis, Dej. ' Aleochara bimaculata, Grav. 
Diplochila major, Lec. nitida, Gray. 
* Platynus var. floridanus, Lec, Creophilus maxillosus, Linn. 
punctiformis, Say. Staphylinus prelongus, Mann. 
Galerita lecontei, Dej. Belonuchus formosus, Grav. var.* 
+ Tetragonoderus intersectus, Germ. Philonthus hepaticus, Er. 
Lebia marginicollis, Dej. alumnus, Er. 
Brachinus cordicollis, Dej. micans, Grav. 
Chlaenius fuscicornis, Dej. Actobius cinerascens, Grav. 
laticollis, Say. Cafius bistriatus, Er. 
Oodes americanus, Dej. Xantholinus, sp. 
lecontei, Chaud. Lithocharis corticina. 
Agonoderus infuscatus, Dej. Erchomus ventriculus, Say. 
{ Selenophorus fossulatus, Dej. Bledius fumatus, Lec, 


ch Acupalpus rectangulus, Chaud. a punctatissimus, Lec. 


252 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





basalis, Lec. 
Coccinella sanguinea, Linn. 
Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls. 
Exochomus marginipennis, Lec. 

+ Contristatus, Muls. 

Hyperaspis signata, Oliv. 
Silvanus rectus, Lec. 
* Hemipeplus marginipennis, Lec. 
* Mycetophagide.—New gen. and 
spec. 
Dermestes nubilus, Say. 
Hister parallelus, Say. 

* Chelioxenis xerobatis, Hubbard. 
Saprinus pennsylvanicus, Payk. 

¢ placidus, Er. 

= ferrugineus, Mars. 

sp. not determined. 

+ Plegaderus barbelini, Mars. 

Carpophilus pallipennis, Say. 
mutillatus, Er. 
Colastus semitectus, Say. 

* Brachypeplus glaber, Lec. 
Conotelus obscurus, Er. 

{+ Epureea luteola, Er. 

sp. indetermined. 
Stelidota geminata, Say. 
octomaculata, Say. 
strigosa, Gyll. 
Omosita colon, Linn. 

* Smicrips hypocoproides, Reit. 
Tenebrioides corticalis, Mels. 
Monotoma fulvipes, Mels. 
Heterocerus var.—of substriatus, 

Mels. 
collaris, Kies 
Cyphon variabilis, Thunb. 

+ Lacon curtus, Lec. 
Monocrepidius vespertinus, Fab. 

auritus, Hbst, 





+ Ischiodontus ferreus, Lec. 

+ Orthostethus infuscatus, Germ. 
Melanotus dubius, Lec. 

sp. indetermined. — 
Buprestis lineata, Fab. 
Chrysobothris floricola, Gory. 
Brachys tessellata, Fab. 

+ Pyropyga minuta, Lec. 

+ Photinus consanguineus, Lec. 
Chauliognathus marginatus, Fab. 
Collops tricolor, Say. 
Necrobia rufipes, Fab. 
Sitodrepa panicea, Linn. 

Cis, sp. 

+ Canthon nigricornis, Say. 
Chceridium Lecontei, Harold. 
Copris minutus, Drury. 

% gopheri, Hubbard. 

+ Phanzeus igneus, MacL. 
Onthophagus  tuberculifrons, 

Harold. 

* Aphodius troglodytes, Hubbard. 
Ateenius strigatus, Say. 

‘rox suberosus, Fab. 
scaber, Linn. 


Strategus antaeus, Fab. 
Cremastochilus harrisii, Kirby. 

+ Trichius texanus, Horn. 
Elaphidion inerme, Newm. 

unicolor, Rand. 

+ Plectromerus dentipes, Oliv. 

+ Callichroma splendidum, Lec. 
Monohammus titillator, Fab. 

* Leptostylus transversatus, Ches. 
Lema trilineata, Oliv. 
Chlamys plicata, Fab. 

+ Bassareus croceipennis, Lec. 
Cryptucephalus binominis, Newm.. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253 








Pachybrachys, sp. 7 Anthicus pallens, Lec. 

* Metachroma floridanum, Crotch. vicinis La.t 
Lina scripta, Fab. ? vicinis var. 

Haltica ignita, IIl. Attelabus analis, Ill. 

+ Epitragus tomentosus, Lec. * Pachnezus opalus, Oliv. 

{ Polvpleurus nitidus, Lec. distans, Horn. 

+ Xylopinus saperdioides, Oliv. * Artipus floridanus, Horn. 
Opatrinus notus, Say. + Listronotus setosus, Lec. 
Blapstinus metallicus, Fab. t Macrops cryptops, Dietz. 

+ Crypticus obsoletus, Say. Hylobius pales, Hbst. 

* Phaleria puncticeps, Lec. Otidocephalus myrmex, Hbst. 

i longula, Lec. * Notolomus basalis, Lec. 

t picipes, Say. * Conotrachelus pusillus, Lec. 
Diaperis hydni, Fab. * Cryptorhynchus lutosus, Lec. 

?*Tachyporus, n.s. ii oblongus, Lec. 

+ Platydema micans, Horn. + Rhyncophorus cruentatus, Fab. 

+ Hymenorus densus, Lec. Sphenophorus cariosus, Oliv. 

floridanus, Casey. sculptilis, Uhler. 

+ Hyporhagus punctulatus, Thoms. placidus, Say. 

+ Oxacis thoracica, Fab. Cossonus corticola, Say, 

* Mecynotarsus elegans, Lec. impressifrons, Bohm. 

7+ Formicomus scitulus, Lec. * Mesites rufipennis, Lec. 
Anthicus difficilis, Lec. Xyleborus pubescens, Zimm. 


Cicindela—C. tortuosa may probably be found active at all seasons, 
as it was taken on the Indian river, February 9th. It occurred abundantly 
on the borders of the lake, and also on moist, sandy places in the hum- 
mock. C. marginata appeared February 21st, and sparingly thereafter. 
C. media appeared on the beach March rst, and became very abundant 
onward. 

Carabide—Tachys columbiensis (undescribed) was seen March st, 
and became abundant on the lake shore, seemingly at home in salt water. 
Llatynus floridanus was common on the coast after February 25th, and 
also on land under all kinds of rubbish where there was moisture. 
Letragonoderus intersectus and Selenophorus stigmosus were taken in the 
garden patches under the dry fallen leaves of vegetables—as cabbage, 
beets, etc., on March sth, and thereafter frequently. | 


254. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Dytiscide—Hydrophilide.—The species listed were taken alive on 
the ocean side of the lake, and, with one exception, had probably fallen 
into it during a nocturnal flight from some fresh water lake on the main 
land. However, Phi/hydrus simplex was quite abundant under stones and 
sticks on the shores of the lake, and the night of the roth of March being 
damp and sultry, a flight occurred, many coming into the house to the 
light. This form, though only .og to.11 inch in length, is united with 
the northern ochraceus. Gyrinide were seen in abundance in a small lake 
on the main land. 


Staphylinide--Belonuchus formosus, var. This variety was very 
abundant at all times in rotting oranges and under damp rubbish; it 
differs from the typical form in being altogether rufous, except the last 
two abdominal segments, black. No intermediate forms have been met 
with, and Mr: Schwarz states it occurs abundantly over all Florida. 


Lachyporus, sp.—Ywo examples were taken under pine bark, greatly 
resembling my examples of Z? scztudus from Sweden ; the thorax and elytra 
are identical in coloration, but are not perceptibly punetured when viewed 
with a lens ; the abdomen is more finely margined, and the length is only 
.06 to .o7 inch. Bledius punctatissimus, and &. basalis,—The latter 
inhabits the wet sand bordering the lake in countless multitudes, and 
with it the former, but in much less abundance. 2. fumatus was not 
seen till April 1st, and afterwards rarely. One of the types of this species 
was from Southern California. 


Brachypeplus glaber--Five examples of this curious and still rare 
beetle were taken under the bark of a dead, standing pine, with Cossonus 
impressifrons. Previously I had one example taken near St. Augustine, 
and the types were from Enterprise, Florida; according to Mr. Schwarz, 
no others are known in North American collections. 


Mycetophagide—Belonging to this family several examples were 
taken in April, of what may, perhaps, be new either generically or 
Specifically, or both. They were sheltering in the folds of Palmetto 
leaves, on the blossoms of which Mr. Schwarz took them abundantly, 
both at Lake Worth, and also at Biscayne Bay, and also the larve under 
the bark of various trees ; and he also states that it occurs in the West 
Indies, in Costa Rica, and was taken at the Chicago Exposition, in dried 
fruits (or seeds ?) from Central America. | 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 255 








Monotoma fulvipes occurred abundantly in rotting oranges, ma 
Smicrips hypocoproides and several small Witidulide. 5 ac dee 


Scarabeide—Copris gophert, Aphodiust roglodytes and the Histeride 
Chelioxenis xerobatis were taken 12 or 15 feet under ground, at a depth 
of about five feet, with the great sand-digging tortoise, Gopherus poly- 
phemus. Cremastochilus Harrisiti—An example was taken April 4th,’ 
with a large ant. Z7réchius texanus occurred abundantly in the blossoms’ 
of Magnolia, April roth. i 


Cerambycide—Flectromerus dentipes was taken, March sth, by bush- 
beating, and the imago, pupze and larvae were found abundantly in the 
dead branches of a species of Schrankia, which produces the so-called 
“lucky bean,” and which is popularly termed “wait a bit,” which one 
will perforce certainly do on coming in contact with its retrose thorns. 
Callichroma splendidum.—Though I did not take this species, examples, 
were seen which had occurred. ‘These had probably bred in some of the, 
swamps some distance inland. 


Tenebrionide—Opatrinus notus was at all times excessively abundant, 
harbouring under boards, etc., on the dry sand. It breeds around ‘the’ 
stem of the cabbage Palmetto, among the bases of the fallen leaves:. 
Crypticus obsoletus was quite abundant in the same situations, and with it 
Platydema nitens, though less numerous. Phadleria puncticepbs was rare 
on the ocean beach, while P. Zonguda and picifes appeared about March 
rst, and gradually became very abundant. 


Hyporhagus punctatus—Several examples were taken under. the 
_ bark of dead seagrape (coco/obus ),where they seemed to be in hibernation, 
though exposed to the sun with a midday temperature of 85°. 


Anthicide— Mecynotarsus elegans was abundant in cultivated places 
on spots of sand hot enough to blister. It is difficult to capture’ on 
account of its swift, intricate gyrations. A minute ant inhabits the same 
places, and goes through the same movements. It may be a question 
whether the ant has learned these motions from the beetle or the beetle. 
from the ant, but the advantage in one direction seems to be on the part 
of the beetle, as it is usually safe from beetle hunters till accidentally 
discovered. Formicomus scitulus was also abundant under boards and 
the dead leaves of garden vegetables where there was sand. Anthicus, Sp. 
Several examples were taken under dry cut grass with Sv/vanus rectus. 


256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








It is very close to the California confinis, but may be distinguished by the 
punctuation being generally finer. It may bea race of vicinus without 
banded elytra and smaller than the type. 


Rhyncophore—Artipus floridanus, popularly known as the “rose 
bug,” does not seem to hibernate at this season, if indeed it ever does ; 
it exists in great numbers and does as much mischief as its northern name- 
sake ; though polyphagous, it seems to have a special fondness for citrus, 
particularly the lime, destroying the blossoms and young fruit, and like- 
wise nipping the margins of the leaves, which become white, giving the 
tree a stunted, frosted appearance. On the main land this beetle feeds 
on the leaves of the live oak, and of such, many are of a brilliant verdigris- 
green colour, instead of the creamy white of those raised on citrus: 
Macrops cryptops and Listronotus setosus are foundabundantly in the flowers 
of Sagittaria. Votolomus basalis abound from the middle of February 
till the various Palms are out of bloom. Cryptorhynchus lutosus breeds 
abundantly in the disks (rods) of an abnormal leguminous shrub, 
Ecastophyllum brownei. The most of the fruit ripens and falls from the 
bush before February, at which time the beetles escape, but the few 
belated disks found ripening, in nearly every instance contained a beetle 
in some stage. The determination of both beetle and plant is due to 
Mr. Schwarz, who had previously taken this insect at Biscayne Bay. 


Mesites rufipennis—One example, ¢, was taken on the beach; the 
antenne are inserted about the middle of the beak, which is coarsely 
punctured to the tip, and has the usual frontal fovea and deep groove 
extending in front of the insertion of the antennz ; on its under side is a 
deep broad groove extending from the tip to the gula. This species 
resembles closely immature examples of JZ. subcylindricus, but is more 
depressed, and the elytral intervals are less convex and more finely 
punctulate. 


Scolytide—The examination of dead hardwood indicated that several 
species of this family were abundant in their season. The larve of one 
small species was observed in almost incredible numbers boring outwards 
in the bark of Ficus aurea, preparatory to pupation ; they were so close 
together that the surface of the back could scarcely be seen. They were 
white, about .o6 inch long, and too numerous to make traceable galleries 
under the bark, not being wood borers. 


HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 957 








LIFE HISTORY OF PAPILIO ZOLICAON. 
BY ALICE M. JORDAN, NAPA, CAL. 


£gg.—On September 2nd, 1893, it was found back of Napa College 
Laboratory, laid singly on the stem of the flower of wild anise. Nearly 
spherical, base slightly indented, smooth, bluish-white with grayish shade 
on one side. Diameter, 1.245 mm. It hatched September 5th, bursting 
the shell in halves ; the shell was white. 

First larval stage-—Head rounded, black and shining. Body is 
largest near the head, with short black hairs rising from two rows of 
reddish-brown tubercles on segments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 on 
each side of the centre of the dorsal surface, one row near the centre, the 
other quite low on the side. On segments 7 and 8 are a number of 
irregular-shaped white spots. Coloured dark brown, scent organs bluish- 
white. 

September 6—Diameter, .65 mm.; length, 3.40 mm. 


" 7 " .80 " " 3:90 nm 
" 8 " 89 " " 4.38 " 
" 9 " .98 " " 4.75 om 
" II " 1.05 " " 5:90 i 
" 12 " 1.08 on 2 GrOoey 
" 13 " I.20 " " 6.40 " 
" 14 " 1.45 " " 6.85 " 
" 15 " 1.58 " " 6.89 " 
" 18 " 1.64 " " 7-309 «(on 
" 19 " 1.69 " " 7:40 1 
" 20 " 1.70 " " Fz:44 tt 


Second larval stage.—Head slightly retracted under joint 2; rounded, 
greenish with a black v-shaped line, the lower part of the v at the upper 
part of the head, and a short black line in centre of v and two on each 
side at base. The tubercles on segments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 
are more hairy. The irregular white spots on segments 7 and 8 are some- 
what larger. Both the dorsal and ventral sides are brown. 


September 21— Diameter, 1.98 mm.; length, 7.55 mm. 


" 22 " 2.00 " " 8.00 1 
" 23 " 2.20 " " 8.35 " 
" 25 " 3.00 I nu 10.25 " 
" 26 " 3-50 " 1) wee LOO ant 
" Z " 4.00 " Us gf P2BOOKs tik 


" 28 " 4.00 I! "  I2,00 4 


258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Third larval stage.-—Head as before ; tubercles on 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 
g, 10, 11 and 12 are hairless and of a bright orange colour. The body 
is brown on dorsal side and brown mottled with green on ventral side. 
Scent organs yellow and slightly larger than before. 
September 29—Diameter, 4.10 mm.; length, 18. mm. 


" 30 " 4.10 " " GTS 

" 31 " 4.30 " " 20. wW" 
October 2 " 4.50 " a) 20s pom 

" 3 " 6.00 " " ZT eit } 

" 4 " 6.50 " " 21.5 1 


Fourth larval stage—Head as before; body smooth, ventral side 
light green mottled with brown ; dorsal side slightly yellowish on seg- 
ment 2 round scent organs ; from 2 to 12 the segments are in colour,— 
in the centre of each a black line in which are four yellow spots, two on 
each side ; on each side of the black line there is a narrow bluish line ; on 
the outside of these is a brown line, which is on the joint, and when the 
caterpillar is not crawling these brown lines are invisible. The r2th seg- 
ment is bluish mottled with black. Scent organs are yellow. 

October 5—Diameter, 6.00 mm.; length, 25. mm. 


" 6 " 6.50 " " 26. " 
" 7 " 6.98 1 " 30 " 
"W 3 " 7°50 " " 35 " 
1! 9 " 8.00 " " 40 " 
" Io " 9.00 " " 40 " 
" Iga t " 10.50 " " 40 " 
" E2 i 10.50 " " 43. " 


From the r2th of October until the 23rd, it remains the same size, and 
on the 23rd it attached the r2th segment to a stem of the food plant, spun 
a web until the web was between the 6th and 7th segments, drawing itself 
together as much_as possible, it was ready to go into the next stage. 

Chrysalis.—Cylindrical, the abdomen tapering, a slight depression 
between thorax and abdomen, a blunt trigonate thoracic prominence 
projecting forward parallel with a similar process over each eye ; a slight 
lateral projection at base of wing-case and a row of subdorsal abdominal 
elevations, four of which are most distinct, also a row of openings lower 
down on each side. Colour light green mottled with light brown; wing- 
cases same colour, only streaked longitudinaily instead of being mottled ; 
the end of the thoracic projection is a dark brown ; the similar processes 
over each eye are darker brown. A narrow band of dark brown extends 
the length of the body on both sides ; from these bands extending along the 
base of the wing-cases are small elevations, seven of which are very dis- 
tinct. October 25th: diameter, 7 mm.; length, 27 mm. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259, 





THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 

IV. THe PLeuRosTIcr SCARABAEIDE OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 

In this group we have in some of the genera a return to the cephalic 
and thoracic ornamentation by horns or tubercles in the males, as shown 
in the Coprophaga ; however, none of the Canadian species would be 
thus misplaced by anyone having even a slight acquaintance with the 
family, as aside from this character the resemblance is slight. From some 
of the Melolonthinz they are not so readily distinguished, except by the 
position of the spiracles, as defined ina previous article. The genera may 
be thus separted among themselves : 

A. Claws of tarsi unequal in size. 
b. Length not more than about % in. Antenne g-jointed. 
Elytra conjointly very convex above, ofien more or less distinctly 
Strate ana PUAGtALe- IN, FOWS.cccs cseaee>senconseigarsede . Anomatla. 
Elytra flat, distinctly sulcate .......0. 1. .cssseses sseeenees SLPIZOMEFNG. 
bb. Length greater, nearly or quite an sa Antenne ro-jointed. 
Hay trardinnye mba tere sis iaccas av chivcncace sqseavawar sa xm tsiad tases toOPOepas 
Elytra with black spots ..... SOS earn ster pees Pelidnota, 
AA. Claws of tarsi equal. 

c. Very small (about 25 in.). Colour brown, with indistinct 
lighter marks, thorax distinctly channelled......... Valgus. 

cc. Larger (.40 to above an inch). 
d. Elytra deeply sinuate behind the humeri........uphoria. 
dd.Elytra without more than a faint indication of this sinuation. 


e. Thorax much narrower than elytra, often much nar- 
rowed at base. 


f. Size small (.50 in. or less). 
Colour uniform black........... Cremastochilus. 
Elytra luteous with black spots.......@zorimus. 
Elytra rufotestaceous, or with transverse bands 


of that colour and white.......... .Zrichius. 
ff. Size large pee an inch), colour 
uniform. . Sa pate Seperree aae Osmoderma. 


ee. Thorax not aaicotee at pace beyond the effect pro- 
duced by the rounding of the sides and about as 
wide as the elytra. 
g. Head entirely unarmed, clypeus 
BUMPS... assess cee esau pinasmpineneins CN CLOCEDILAL Ms 


260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








eg. Head with a low transverse carina anteriorly, 


clypeus always toothed. 
Clypeus simply bidentate at tip.........Ligyrus. 
Clypeus with an elevated tridentate ‘process 
BCFOTE ADEMAID v',/o0cus ives sous ionvas cad SMopeMse 


ggg. Head with a long horn ye or a tubercle (?) on 


BM oee s)« 2 deeeedee . A ploryctes. 


The placing of a specimen in position by means Se ie Blas is easy, 
as the inequality in the inner and outer ones in the species comprised in 
group A is very marked. As most of the genera have but one species 
belonging within our faunal limits, they present no difficulty in the way 


of correct specific determination. 


, Koeppe. 


Two species of very variable colour and rather small size (.30 to .40 


in.) are found here. 


Thorax with distinct basal marginal line; colour variable, elytra 
usually with two transverse bands of dark spots... w#zdudata, Mels. 


Thorax without basal marginal line, 
VELOW ci sis is vscd ss auccon ts 


colour black to 


OO CEPE EE ye ease ..lucicola, Fabr. 
ST RIGEH ERAT, age 


One species (S. arboricola, F.) about :40 inch. in length, resembling 
Anomala in form, but the elytra are flat and distinctly sulcate. The 
thorax is dark brown with a metallic lustre, the outer and basal margins 





Fig. 28, 


pale, the elytra are clay- 
coloured. It may be found on 
flowers during the day. 


Penipnota, MacLeay. 


The “ grape beetle,” Pe/zd- 
nota punctata, Linn., is our 
only representative. It is 
about an inch in_ length, 
brownish yellow, a black spot 
near the middle of the thor- 
acic side margin, and three 
on each elytra (Fig. 28, @ 
larva; 5 pupa; ¢ beetle; @d 
anal mark on larva; e antenna, 
and f leg of larva). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261 





Cota.tpa, Burm. 


] 


One species, the “ goldsmith beetle,’ 
Cotalpa lanigera, Linn. (Fig. 29, beetle ; 
fig. 30, larva), is found in our fauna. It 
is about the size of the preceding species, 
and has the head and thorax golden, the 
elytra cream-coloured, with a slight 
bluish cast. Beneath metallic green, 
woolly. 





CYCLOCEPHALA, Latr. 

C. immaculata, Oliv., has once been reported hy Mr. Moffat. It is a 
yellowish or reddish testaceous insect about half-an-inch in length, the 
head dark or even black. It bears some slight resemblance to éertain 
Lachnosterna, but has shorter legs. 

Licyrus, Burm. 

The two beetles belonging to this genus differ greatly in size, and are 
otherwise easily separated. They are brownish in colour, heavier than 
Lachnosterna in appearance and with shorter legs. Ligyrus relictus 
breeds in old manure heaps. 


Thorax without tubercle in front ; length, .70-.90 in....... relictus, Say. 
Thorax with a tubercle near the middle of anterior margin ; length, 
SPEEA Wir re Sone hey ona a: * crecevenPOpOsus, De G, 


APHOoNus, Lec. 
A single species bearing considerable resemblance in size, form and 


colour to Ligyrus gibbosus is recorded. It may easily be distinguished, 
however, by the lack of the thoracic tubercle and by the clypeus bearing 
a tridentate process before the tip, whence the name A. ¢ridentatus, Say. 


XYLORYCTES, Hope. 

To this genus belongs the large X. satyrus, Fabr., which attains a 
length of above an inch and is correspondingly heavy. The male has a 
long hori, curved backwards at tip, while the female has the head orna- 
mented simply with a small tubercle on the vertex. 


EupuHoria, Burm. 

Two species belong here, similar in shape, but 
easily separated. These are £&. nda, Linn., 
(Fig. 31) and £. fulgida, Fabr. (Fig. 32), 
distinguished thus: 





Thorax very hairy above, elytra luteous with fig, ye. 


262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


+ SAe Ree zie = Se ars. — ——— ie 








small, black spots. . gee : » dldiches) tee Mann, 
Thorax naked and pelened abaweae green with vellon margin, elytra 
brownish red, with green surface lustre in places. . .fw/gida, Fabr. 


CREMASTOCHILUS, Knoch. 


The only recorded species is C. harrisii, Kirby, a rather elangaie and 
flattened, black insect, .4o inch in length, the surface : 
shining. The thorax has a very peculiar appearance, 
because of the angles being separated from the disk 
by rather deep impressions. The mentum is large 
and somewhat cupuliform, with a rather deep and 
broad notch behind. We figure it after Dr. Horn 


(Fig. 33): 





OsMODERMA, Lep. 


This genus includes two very large, dark coloured . 
beetles, with the thorax much narrower than the elytra. 
They may be known apart thus: 

Elytra nearly smooth, polished. . . evemzco/a, Kncoch. 
Elytra rough, scabrous, thorax with a rather deep 
channels)... . (eee ee eae re eno 


Fig. 33. 


Fig. 34 represents O. scabra. 
Gnorimus, Lep. 


G. maculosus, Knoch, is the only species. It re- 
sembles Zyichius, but the elytra are yellowish (luteous) 
with numerous black spots. 


Tricutus, Fabr. 





Fig. 34. Three species are on the Canadian lists; all are to 
be found on flowers, especially wild rose and Spzr@a, during the heat of 
the day, and fly readily when disturbed. The elytra are usually marked 
with transverse white bands. They may be tabulated as follows: 

A. Elytra rufo-testaceous, without transverse bands or velvety lateral 
space.. aes peas .. bibens, Fabr. 
AA. Elytra uaith Peas transverse ieoaac Ee date Seu spaces. 

Second and fourth elytral intervals moderately oe punc- 

tatex eeeivskantey Ey Ae ...piger, Fabr. 
Second ad fourth mteErale very Patsely primes .affinis, Gory. 
All are only moderate-sized insects, with rounded thorax, narrower 
than the elytra, and very long legs. ; 


Os 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 26 





Vaucus, Scriba. 


A very small, brown species, cavadiculatus, Fabr., (.25 inch), looking 
Something like a diminutive Osmoderma, is our only representative. The 
thorax is distinctly channelled, the elytra very much flattened, and with 
indistinct yellowish or whitish markings across the middle and near the tip. 





The following bibliography includes most of the more important 
papers in which the North American Scarabaeidz have been treated in 
synoptic or more or less monographic form : 


1856. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the Melolonthidz of the U. S. Jour 
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Vol. III., Series II., pp. 225-288. 


1856. Leconte. Notes on three genera of Scarabaeidze, found in the 
U: S. Proc: AON. S., Phil. Vol. VIIL, pp. 19-25. 

1867. Horn, Geo. H. Descriptions of new genera and species of 
Western Scarabaeide. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. L., pp. 163-169. 

1868. Horn. Geotrupes of Boreal America. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 
Vol. I., pp: 313-322. 

1870. Horn. Note on some genera of Coprophagous Scarabaeide of 
the U.S. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. III., pp. 42-51. 

1870. Horn. Description of the species of Aphodius and Dialytes 
of the U.S. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. III., pp. 110-134. 

1871. Horn. Synopsis of the Aphodiini of the U.S. Trans. Am. 
Ent. Soc., Vol. III., pp. 284-297. 

187t. Horn. Descriptions of new Coleoptera of the U. S., with notes 
on known species. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. IIL, pp. 325-344. 

1874. Leconte. Note on the genus Pleocoma, Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. 
Soc., Vol. V., pp. 81-84. 

_ 1874. Horn. Revision of the species of Trox of the U.S. Trans. 

Am. Ent. Soc:, Vol. V., pp. 1-12. 

1875. Horn. Synonymical notes and descriptions of new species of 
N. A. Coleoptera. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. V., pp. 126-156. 

1876. Horn. Revision of the U.S. species of Ochodzeus and other 
genera of Scarabaeide. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. V., pp. 177-197. 

1878. Horn. Revision of the species of Listrochelus of the U. S, 
Trans, Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. VII., pp. 137-148. 


264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





1879. Horn. A monographic revision of the species of Cremastochilus 
of the U.S. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol., XVIII., pp. 382-397. 

1879. Horn. Synopsis of the Euphoriz of the U.S. Proc. Am. Phil. 
Soc., Vol. XVIII., pp. 397-408. ; 

1880. Horn. Contributions to the Coleopterology of the U. S., No. 3 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. VIII., pp. 139-154. 

1881. Horn. Revision of the species of Polyphylla of the US; 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. IX., pp. 73-76. 

1882. Horn. Notes on some little-known genera and species of 
Coleoptera. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. X., pp. 113-126. 

1884. Horn. Notes on the species of Anomala inhabiting the U. S. 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XI, pp. 157-164 

1885. Horn. Descriptions of some new N. A. Scarabaeide. Trans. 
Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIL, pp. 117-128. 

1885. Blanchard, Fred’k. On the species of Canthon and Phanzeus 
of the U. S., with notes on othergenera. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIL., 
pp. 163-172. 

1887. Horn. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the U. S. 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV., pp. 1-110. 

1887. Horn. Revision of the species of Lachnosterna of America, 
north of Mexico. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV., pp. 209-296. 

1888. Horn. Review of the species of Pleocoma, with a discussion 
of its systematic position in the Scarabaeide. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 
Vol. XV., pp. 1-18. 

1888. Blanchard. Some account of our species of Geotrupes. Psyche, 
Vol. V., pp. 103-110. 

1889. Casey, Thos. L. Coleopterological Notices, I. Ann. N, Y. 
Acad. Sci., V., pp. 40-198. (Table of Thyce.) 


ErratumM.—Page 229, fifth line from bottom, for ‘Club three-jointed” 
read “ Club many-jointed.” 


Mailed September 6th, 


Ube Pana = lagist 


VOL. XXVI LONDON, OCTOBER, 1894. No. to. 

















SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION ( GE 
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 


(ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS BY THE ACTING SECRETARY.) 


Morning Session—August 14, 1894. 


The Association met at 10 a.m., in Room 12 of the Packer Institute, 
Brooklyn, N. Y., August 14th, 1894. The following officers and mem- 
bers were present : 


President, L. O. Howard, Washington, D. C. ; Vice-President, J. B. 
Smith, New Brunswick, N. J.; Acting Secretary, C. L. Marlatt, 
Washington, D.C. Messrs. William H. Ashmead, Washington, D. Ce 
Geo. F. Atkinson, Ithaca, N. on Nathan Banks, Sea Cliff, N.Y.; D. W. 
Coquillett, Washington, D. C.; Geo. C. Davis, Agricultural College, 
Mich. ; A. D. Hopkins, Mojeantonn, W. Va. ; Geo. H. Hudson, Platts- 
burg, N. Now Lintner Albany,’ N.Y. v. H. Lowe, Jamaica, N. Y.; 
Pow, Rate Morgantown, W. Va. ; ew ilhiars Saunders, Ottawa, Canada ; 
E. B. Southwick, Central Park, New York City ; F. A. Sirrine, feces. 
N. Y. There were also in attendance upon the meetings visitors and 
members of other scientific societies, the average attendance being 


* twenty-five persons. 


The meeting was called to order by the President, and in the absence 
of the Secretary, Mr. Gillette, Mr. C. L. Marlatt was elected secretary for 
the meeting. 

The President, Mr. L. O. Howard, of Washington, D. C., delivered 
his annual address, which was.entitled “The Rise and Present Condition 
of Official Economic Entomology,” the scope of which is sufficiently ex- 
plained by the title. 

On motion of Dr. Lintner, the thanks of the Society were unanimously 
extended to the President for the admirable address presented. 

A letter from the Secretary, Mr. Gillette, announced that he would be 
unable to attend the meeting. 


266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








The following active members were elected : 

F. C. Test, C. E. Chambliss and H.'G. Hubbard, all of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; Victor “-H. Lowe and F. A. 
Sirrine, of Jamaica, N. Y.; and F. W. Raine, of Morgantown, W. Va. 

The following persons were elected to foreign membership : 

Walter W. Froggatt, Technological Museum, Sydney, N.S. W. 

Charles Whitehead, Barming House, Maidstone, Kent, England. 

Geo. H. Carpenter, Science and Art Museum, J)ublin, Ireland. 

Dr. Geza Horvath, Ministry of Agriculture, Buda Pesth, Austria. 

Prof. A. Targioni-Tozzetti, R. Staz.d. Entom. Agric., Firenze. Italy. 

Prof. A. Giard, 14 Rue Stanislas, Paris, France. 

M. J. Danysz, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Bourse de Commerce, 
Paris, France. 

Dr. J. Ritzema Bos, Wageningen, Netherlands. 

Mr. Sven Lampa, Entomologist, Dept. Agric., Stockholm, Sweden. 

Dr. N. Cholodkowsky, Institute Forestier, St. Petersburg, Russia. 

Dr. K. Lindemann, Landwirthschaftliche Akademie, Moscow, Russia. 

Prof. A. Portschinsky, Bur. Entom., Ministere de l’Agriculture, St. 
Petersburg, Russia. 

Mr. E. C. Reed, Banos de los Cauquenos, Chile. 

Mr. J. B. Smith, New Brunswick, N. J., presented a paper on the use 
of bisulphide of carbon as an insecticide, in which he described a very 
considerable number of experiments in the use of this substance against 
the Melon Louse (Aphis cucumeris, Forbes), one of the most destructive 
pests in parts of New Jersey and a very difficult insect to deal with. He 
used the bisulphide by introducing it about the plants under wooden 
boxes or bowls, placing the bisulphide directly on the ground under the 
boxes and also in various receptacles. He concluded that, in melon 
fields at least, bisulphide of carbon could be used very effectively, and 
particularly in stamping out an invasion at its very outset, while the plants 
are still of small size. 

The paper was discussed by various members, Mr. Southwick 
describing a combination of bisulphide with ‘ Polysolve,” which he had 
used in the form of an emulsion ; and Mr. Lintner suggesting the use of 
cloth coverings in place of the boxes employed by Mr. Smith. Mr. 
Galloway suggested the use of the protection cloth used by seedsmen, 
which is treated with oil and is practically air-tight. Mr. Howard referred 
to the original suggestion by Garman, of the use of a washtub, which 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267 








was thought to be very satisfactory for limited applications; and Mr. Smith 
and Mr. Saunders suggested the use of paper caps, similar to but smaller 
than those used by farmers for the protection of the hay crop. The 
subject of the relation of parasites to the control of the louse was also 
discussed, as well as the effect of the bisulphide on the plants themselves, 
also upon the germination of seeds, when employed for the eradication 
of grain pests, etc. 
Afternoon Session—August 14, 1894. 


The report of the committee appointed last year, on co-operation 
among station entomologists, was presented by Mr. Smith, in the absence 
of the chairman. The report covered the matter of concerted work upon 
the life-history of special insects and their geographical distribution, the 
selection of certain groups of species to be studied from year to year, 
co-operation in experimentation with insecticide machinery to avoid 
duplication, and suggestions in the matter of securing conjoint legislative 
action among the States. The report was accepted and ordered to be 
printed, so that opportunity might be afforded members to examine it, in 
order to be able to take definite action on its adoption at the meeting 
of 1895. 

A letter from Miss Eleanor A. Ormerod was read by the President, in 
which she expressed her regret at being unable to be present at the 
meeting. 

A paper by Mr. J. M. Aldrich, on spraying without a pump, was read 
in his absence by Mr. Davis. This paper described a scheme for the” 
mechanical mixture of water and oil by the use of an ordinary Nixon 
Climax Nozzle, the combination of the water and oil being made in th 
' nozzle itself. 

In the next paper Mr. C. L. Marlatt gave a review of a number of 
experiments conducted during the present year with several standard 
insecticide mixtures, also a series of experiments testing certain of the 
more important new insecticides or substances which seem to be of value-~. 
as insect destroyers recently put before the public. The work was mainly», 
to determine (1) the best methods of treating scale insects ; (2) the effect of 
various mixtures on trees and foliage, in both summer and winter appli- 
cations ; (3) to show the relative merits of the old insecticides compared 
with some of the newer ones, and (4) also the possibility of successfully 
combining insecticides and fungicides. 

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Smith, Galloway and others. 


268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGCSST. 





Professor Galloway followed with a paper on various insecticide 
substances, with which he had been experimenting for a number of years 
past, many of them in lines which had not hitherto been worked to any 
extent. He discussed particularly the kerosene emulsion made with lime, 
with resin wash, and with Bordeaux mixture. He also described a new 
method of making resin. wash, devised by one of his field agents in 
Florida, which, briefly, consisted in using purer caustic soda, causing a 
much more rapid formation of the resin soap. Various other mixtures of 
possible insecticide value were also suggested. The paper was accom- 
panied by the exhibition of a large series of vials, illustrating the various 
mixtures and combinations described by the author. The communication 
was generally discussed, and the important point emphasized that none of 
the emulsions were as perfect or as permanent as the standard milk and 
soap emulsions in common use, although some of them are possibly of 
value for immediate application. 


Mr. Webster’s paper on “Spraying with Arsenites vs. Bees” was 
read, in the absence of the author, by the Secretary. The conclusions 
arrived at were that arsenic is always present in the abdomens of bees 
frequenting recently sprayed blossoms, and more or less of it reaches the 
honey sacs ; and that bees are, therefore, liable to be poisoned by spraying 
the bloom of fruit trees. He claimed that his experiments were the first 
to show conclusively that actual poisoning does result to bees under the 
conditions mentioned. 

In the discussion, Mr. Lintner stated that even in the event of actual 
harm resulting to the bees, the question is still an open one, for the reason 
that many noxious insects frequenting fruit blooms are also destroyed. 
The paper was further discussed by other members. 

Mr. Southwick presented a paper on economic entomological work 
in the parks of New York City, in which he described the general 
character of the means employed to control destructive insects in the 
principal parks of New York ; he also gave some notes on the occurrences 
of and damage due to the principal insect pests with which he had to 
contend. A general discussion of the paper followed, which was partici- 
pated in by most of the members present. 

Mr. Southwick followed with a second paper on the Wood Leopard 
Moth in the parks of New York, giving an historical account of the insect, 
its present status, the nature of the injury, the plants affected, and the 
means he had adopted to exterminate the pest. He stated that this is a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269 





most difficult insect to control, and could only be reached by cutting off 
the affected limb. In the case of rare trees, he had adopted the plan of 
putting a little bisulphide of carbon in the larval burrow with an oil can, 
closing the entrance with putty, which had proved an effective remedy. 


The paper was discussed by Messrs. Smith, Howard, and others. 


In the absence of Prof. F. H. Snow, of Lawrence, Kansas, his paper 
was read by Mr. Victor H. Lowe. This communication, entitled ‘« Work 
in Economic Entomology at the University of Kansas for the season of 
1894,” related particularly to the work with the Chinch Bug disease 
(Sporotrichum globuliferum), and a new alfalfa and wheat pest, which 
proved, on rearing, to be Agrotis introferans, Grote. 

Mr. Smith reported that the same Noctuid had been found by Mr. 
Gillette to occur very abundantly the present year in Colorado, and Mr. 
Howard referred to the occurrence of the moth in enormous numbers in 
Nebraska. 


Messrs. Ashmead, Lintner and Hopkins were appointed by the Presi- 
dent a committee to nominate officers for the ensuing year. 


Morning Session—August 15, 1894. 


Mr. Hopkins presented notes on some discoveries and observations 
of the year in West Virginia. The paper dealt chiefly with wood-work- 
ing insects, but also covered various garden pests, such as the Potato- 
scab Gnat, the Melon Plant-louse, etc. The paper was discussed at 
some length by Mr. Smith, Dr. Lintner, Mr. Raine, and others. 

The President read a letter from Mr. Webster, stating that he was 
unable to be present, on account of being actively engaged in stamp- 
ing out an attack of Fidia larve on grape roots, by the use of bisulphide 
of carbon. 

Mr. Howard read a paper on the Eastern occurrences of the San José 
scale, in which he briefly reviewed the history of the insect in the United 
States, and showed that as a result of investigations during the winter of 
1893-4, and the summer of 1894, the scale has been discovered in six 
localities in the Eastern United States outside of New Jersey, while in 
the latter State it occurs at many points. He traced the introduction to 
two nursery firms in the State of New Jersey, and one in Missouri. He 
detailed in full the remedial work which has been undertaken by the 
Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in each of 
the six Eastern localities, and showed that by virtue of the active measures 


270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











which have been taken, the insect will probably be stamped out in the 
East by the close of the season. 

The next paper was on the same subject, and discussion was therefore 
deferred. 

Mr. Smith then read a paper on the San José scale in New Jersey. 
He stated that the scale had first come to him from a nursery in the 
State in March, 1892, but had not been recognized, and he did not become 
aware of the true nature of the insect until he received the special circular 
sent out by the U. S. Department of Agriculture early in 1894. He 
described his work in connection with the stamping out of the scale, and 
particularly the active and energetic steps taken by the owners of the 
infested nurseries, from which the scale had been exterminated on young 
stock. He reported sending out letters to all persons who had obtained | 
stock from’ the nurseries in question, enclosing the circular from the 
Department of Agriculture referred to, and the examination of nearly 100 
orchards in person. Asa result of his observations and work, he felt 
confident that the scale would ultimately be completely stamped out. 
The introduction of the scale was shown to have been either in 1886 or 
1887, on some plum stock claimed to be curculio-proof, obtained from 
the San José region in California. Other fruit trees imported from 
California were also shown to be very likely infested. He gave some 
facts in regard to the trees and varieties which are most liable to be 
infested, also some notes on remedies. 


In the discussion of these two papers, Dr. Lintner considered the 
possibility of the introduction of the scale on fruit from California, and 
concluded that the likelihood of the scale, so introduced, obtaining a foot- 
hold was very slight. 

Mr. Marlatt thought there was danger in placing too much confidence 
in the work or the statements of nurserymen as to the completeness of 
the eradication of the scale, pointing out the great difficulty of thorough 
extermination and the ease with which a random scale here and there 
could be overlooked. Mr. Banks referred to the publication ina New 
York paper of occurrences of the scale in two or three localities in New 
York, accompanied with the report of the adoption of active measures to 
stamp it out in each instance. 


Afternoon Session—August 15, 1894. 
In continuation of the discussion of the morning session, Mr. Smith 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Q71. 





exhibited specimens of California pears, obtained in Brooklyn, which were 
covered with the San José scale in all stages of development. 


Mr. Lintner exhibited an apple coming from Ottawa, Canada, handed 
to him by Mr. Saunders, which was covered with the scales of AZytilaspis 
pomorum. 

Mr, Davis read a paper on Mealy Bugs and other lice. He gave a 
careful résumé of the life-history of the common Mealy Bug (Dactylopius 
destructor ), with detailed descriptions of the different stages ; also some | 
notes on D. dongifilis. He also described a Coccus which he found on 
roots of clover, giving a general account of the habits and careful 
descriptions of the species. He also referred to Eriococcus azalee and 
other scale insects. 


The paper was discussed by Messrs. Sirrine, Ashmead and Howard. 
Mr. Sirrine thought Mr. Davis’s clover Coccus was the same as the one 
found by Professor Forbes on white clover, and named by him Coccus 
trifolit, Mr. Ashmead coinciding in this view, and Mr. Howard stating 
that the Zriococcus azalee was certainly not an introduced species from 
Belgium, as suggested by the author, since the species is not known in 
Europe, amd Professor Comstock has found it on wild plants near Ithaca, 
indicating that it is undoubtedly a native species. He said also that the 
two old species of Dactylopius referred to by the author had been shown 
by Berlese to be synonymous with European species, and that their life- 
histories had been worked out by this authcr in great detail. 


Mr. Marlatt read a paper on the Pear-tree Psylla in Maryland, in 
which he described the sudden occurrence of this Northern pear pest in 
two orchards on the eastern shore of Maryland, in very destructive 
numbers. The introduction of the species was shown to have been upon 
nursery stock from infested regions in New York, and the author was 
confident that the injury, while excessively severe for the moment, would 
not be of long duration, judging from the past history of the insect. A 
brief review of the life-history was given, with some notes on the natural 
enemies, notably’a species of lace-wing fly (Chrysopa oculata), the larva 
of which feeds voraciously on all stages of the Psylla ; also various species 
of lady-birds, which are useful in a similar way. The life-history of the 
lace-wing fly was carefully worked out. Experiments with various insec- 
ticides on the eggs of the Psylla were detailed, and general recom- 
mendations for remedial work were given. 


272 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





The paper was discussed by Messrs. Davis, Southwick, Lintner, and 
others, both Messrs. Southwick and Lintner reporting cases of sudden 
appearance of the Psylla, with subsequent equally sudden disappearance. 

Mr. Smith deferred speaking until the reading of his own paper, which 
included a reference to the same insect, in which he said that the con- 
ditions described by Mr. Marlatt were identical with the conditions 
obtaining in localities in New Jersey, and that the source of the introduc- 
tion was also the same. 

Mr. Smith then read a paper, entitled ‘‘ Notes of the Year in New 
Jersey,” which was a summary of the important insects brought to the 
attention of the Entomologist during the present season. It contained 
references to occurrences of the Pear-tree Psylla, the Pear Blister-mite, the 
Pear Midge, a new pear pest in a species of Agrilus, probably avxzus, the 
habits of this last insect being described at some length. ‘The paper also 
considered the use of protective coverings for the trunks of trees as a 
means against the borer ; invasions of cutworms ; the Periodical Cicada ; 
some potato insects; onion maggots; the remarkable mortality of the 
Clover-leaf Weevil larve, and the Potato-stalk Borer, 7richobaris trino- 
tatus, which had been brought to his attention for the first time the pres- 
ent year. The paper was discussed by most of the members present. 

Mr. Davis also presented a communication covering notes on special 
economic insects of the season in Michigan, referring particularly to the 
occurrence of Diplotaxis Harperi as a strawberry pest, a Dipteron rasp- 
berry girdler, Adimonia clavicollis, as a cherry-tree defoliator, (Votoxus 
anchora, as feeding on fruit of cherry. 

In the discussion, Mr. Hopkins stated that he had found the raspberry 
cane maggot, described by Mr. Davis, in the Alleghany Mountains in 
1892, but did not rear the adult. 

In the absence of Mr. Chittenden, his paper, entitled ‘‘ Supplementary 
Notes on the Strawberry Weevil, its Habits and Remedies,” was read by 
Mr. Southwick. The writer noted the occurrence of the Strawberry 
Weevil (Anthonomus signatus, Say.) in more or less injurious numbers in 
parts of Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey in 
1893 and 1894. ‘Three new food-plants were discovered, the red-bud 
( Cercis Canadensis), the dewberry and raspberry, and the life-cycle from 
egg to adult was found to extend over a period of four weeks. The 
methods of oviposition and of severing stems are described. A table 
showing by States the destructive appearances of the insect from 1871 to 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 973 








date is given. Under the head of remedies, the necessity of clean culture 
is pointed out, also the benefit that might be derived from early-blooming 
varieties of staminates, and of the red-bud tree as trap-crop. Kerosene 
emulsion and Paris green were found by experiment to be of service, but 
the latter gave the better results. Directions are given for the applications 
of these insecticides, three or four sprayings being advised, beginning two 
or three days before first bloom. The subject of covering beds is 
considered, and in conclusion the fruit grower is urged not to trust 
entirely to staminate varieties. 

Mr. Smith said he had anticipated damage from this insect the present 
season, but so far as he had observed, it did not manifest itself in New 
Jersey. 

In view of the lateness of the hour, the following papers were read by 
title only : 

‘‘Notes on the Insects of Northern Idaho,” by J. M. Aldrich, Moscow, 
Idaho. This paper included a few notes on the principal pests of the 
‘“‘ Pan-handle” district of Idaho, where the farming land is at an elevation 
of 700 to 3,500 feet, with a corresponding change in climate. The in- 
sects discussed were the Wheat Aphis, the Codling Moth, Bud Moth, 
Woolly Aphis, Pear-leaf Blister-mite and the San José scale, which latter 
the author stated was the most dreaded insect pest, and a considerable 
effort was being made to prevent its spread to new localities. 

“Insects of the Year,” by F. M. Webster, Wooster, Ohio. Mr. 
Webster’s paper had particular reference to the occurrence of the larvz 
of Fidia viticida, Walsh, in vineyards, which was the important insect 
manifestation of the year in Ohio. It also covered the Raspberry 
Agrilus, the strawberry Weevil, the Pear-tree Blister-beetle, joint worms, 
the Bean Leaf-beetle and other garden and small-fruit pests, such as the 
Grain Louse, Corn Bill-bug and a Thrips which is proving very destruc- 
tive to onion crops. Other insects were also mentioned briefly. 

“Notes from New Mexico,” by T. D. A. Cockerell, Las Cruces, N. M. 
This paper covered numerous short notes on various insects observed in 
New Mexico, with a description of the climatic and other conditions 
characteristic of the more important natural districts of the State, and the 
bearing of these on the insect fauna. 

“Some Experience with Mosquitoes,” by Howard Evarts Weed, Agri- 
cultural College, Miss. This communication covered the result of certain 
experiments in the use of kerosene as a means of preventing the breeding 


274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





of mosquitoes in water reservoirs on the college campus. The use of 
kerosene was very satisfactory, and resulted in a very marked subsidence 
of the mosquito trouble. The author also reports that kerosene is a very 
good preventive to apply to the hands or face in the case of mosquito 
outbreaks. 

The report of the committee on nominations was presented by Mr, 
Lintner, as follows : 

President—J. B. Smith. 

Vice-President—C. H. Fernald. 

Secretary—C, L. Marlatt. 


The report was unanimously adopted and the officers named duly 
elected. (By inadvertence no second vice-president was nominated or 
elected.) It was decided to follow the usual custom for the next meeting, 
and hold it on the two days preceding the meeting of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science, and at the place decided 
upon for the next meeting of that Association. On motion, it was 
requested that the minutes be printed in full in “ Insect Life.” 

After the reading and approval of the minutes of the entire session, 
Mr. Southwick moved that the thanks of the Association be tendered to 
the President and Secretary for the able and satisfactory manner in which 
they had discharged their respective duties. 

The resolution was adopted. 

The Association was then declared adjourned by the President for one 
year. C. L. Maruatt, Acting Secretary. 





SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN SCOLYTID. 
(A Preliminary Contribution.) 


BY A. D, HOPKINS, ENTOMOLOGIST OF THE WEST VIRGINIA EXPERIMENT 
STATION. 


(Read before section F. of A. A. A. S., Brooklyn, Aug. zoth, 1894.) 


It appears that comparatively little is known regarding the external 
sexual characters of species in the family Scolytidz. Indeed, the species 
of this family are among the most difficult of Coleoptera to study, or to 
properly identify, unless one has access to a large series of correctly 
named and classified examples. It is not so surprising, then, that more or 
less confusion exists with reference to descriptions of the sexes, and that 
numerous mistakes have been made in following the classifications and 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275 





sexual characters given by those Specialists whom we recognize as the 
best authority on the subject. 

There is considerable difference of opinion among Specialists regard- 
ing the external sexual characters of species in the genus Platypus as 
based upon those given by Dr. Chapuse in his Monographie des Platy- 
pids. With a view of satisfying myself on this question, I dissected a 
number of alcoholic and dried examples of male and female P. guadri- 
dentatus and P. compositus. The results convinced me that the male and 
female characters given in the description of these. two species are 
reversed. 

The fact that descriptions of male and female Scolytids are based 
largely upon the characters given by Chapuse. causes me to question the 
correctness of interpretations of the external sexual characters in other 
genera. 

This led to the commencement of a systematic study of the sexual 
characters of all the species of which I had sufficient material. A num- 
ber of male and female examples of Xyloterus retusus, Xyloterus bivitta- 
tus, Xyleborus dispar, and Xyleborus obesus were first dissected and a 
careful study of the male and female genitalia was made. I found that 
the male organ, while exhibiting remarkable differences in the species of 
the two genera, possesses certain peculiarities by which it can be readily 
recognized, even in dried specimens. Guided by this, I continued the 
investigation until male and female examples of thirty-seven species, 
representing seventeen genera, were dissected. 


According to my interpretations, based upon the finding of the male 
genitalia in the species examined, the sexual characters, as given by Le 
Conte in Rhynchophora of America, North of Mexico, are wrong in ten 
species out of five genera, and correct in ten species out of nine genera. 
In fourteen species out of ten genera external sexual characters were 
determined, which were previously unknown to me, and most of them are 
probably new to science. In three species out of three genera, no dis- 
tinctive or constant characters were observed by which the sexes could 
be designated. 

While the external sexual characters appear to be constant with the 
species in some genera, in others no particular character is possessed by 
all of the species. In fact, what may be a good male or female character 
in one species will be reversed in another species of the same genus. 

The greater development of the elytra and abdominal armatures is a 


276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








good male character in some species, but not in others. The frontal con- 
cavity is a good male character in some genera, but is reversed in others. 
The flattened or concave front fringed with long hairs is a good’ male 
character in some species, but is of no value in others, as we have found 
it either absent or reversed in species of the same genera, Size and 
colour appear to be of no value except in Xyleborus, where’ the male is, 
as far as known, very much smaller and usually paler than the female. 
Long hairs or bristles on the antennal club appear to be a good female 
character in Monarthrum and Gnathotrichus. The long silky hairs with 
curved points on the tibia and tarsus of male Xyloterus politus are rather 
a remarkable and unique sexual character. Frontal elevations, depres- 
sions. lines, channels and punctures are good sexual characters in some 
species, while the same thing is of no value in other species of the same 
genus. Thus, it will be seen that the external sexual characters are by no 
means, constant among the species, and that it is not safe to conclude 
that because one species has a well-marked and known male or female 
external character, that other species belonging to the same genus will 
necessarily show the same character. It is my opinion that the sexes of 
no species of Scolytide should be characterized without previously 
dissecting one or more examples of both sexes. 


The male genitalia are composed of certain horny parts, the form of 
some one or sore of which is usually characteristic to the nearly related 
species of a genus, but a wide difference in the form of all of the parts 
exists in species belonging to different genera. To characterize the 
different forms by descriptions and drawings will require more time 
than I have, as yet, been able to devote to this subject. It appears to me, 
however, that further study in this line is necessary in order to approach 
anything like a perfect and natural classification of the Scolytide, and I 
hope to be able to contribute additional information upon this subject in 
the future. 

Below, I submit a list of the species I have examined, and give the 
sexual characters as I have interpreted them. As previously stated, these 
conclusions are based upon the finding, in individuals of each species, a 
peculiar structure composed of numerous horny parts, which is evidently 
the male generative organ. The only room for doubt, in my mind, is in 
the bare possibility of an ovipositor composed of horny parts being 
possessed by the female of any of the species. The fact, however, of the 
numerous examples dissected, where the presence of the ova left no doubt 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 277 





as to the sex, I failed to find anything approaching a horny ovipositor, 
leads me to believe that the genitalia possessing prominent horny parts are, 
among Scolytids, found only in the male 

The descriptions referred to in the following list, unless otherwise 
noted, will be found in Rhynchophora of America, north of Mexico, by 


LeConte & Horn, 1886: 
PLATYPUS. 


LP. quadridentatus, Oliv. g =description of 9. ¢ new = description of 

3d LP. flavicornis, except that the two large punctures each side of 
the anterior extremity of the short dorsal impressed line, referred 
to, are not punctures, but smooth, shining and slightly convex 
spaces. 

P.compositus, Say. $ =description of 9. @ = description of ¢. 

CORTHYLUS. 

C. punctatissimus, Zimm. ¢ = description of 9. @ =description of ?. 

C. Columbianus, Hopk. ¢ =description of 9. @ =description of ¢. 
Proceedings Entomological Society of Washington (not published), 
also Bulletin 36, W. Va. Expt. Station. 

MONARTHRUM. 

M. fasciatum, Say. $ =description of 9. 2=description of 7. 
Additional: $: front with coarse punctures; 9: front with fine 
punctures, and with slight depression in the middle. 

M. mali, Fitch. & =description of 9. ¢ = description of ¢ except in 
the long spine referred to, which is not present in any of my ex- 
amples of either fasciatum or mali, The long hairs on the club, 
when adhering, as they often do, resemble a spine. The longest 
hairs rise from the base of the club on the Side next to the head. 

GNATHOTRICHUS. 

G.. reétusus, Lec. f=description of 9. 9 =description of ¢. 
Additional: ¢. Club of antennz with a few short, stiff hairs. No 
long bristles. Head with a longitudinal elevation in front. @. 
Antenne with a long bristle rising from the anterior edge of each 
joint of the funiculus, and the first and second joint of the club ; 
also with a few long hairs, all curving upwards. 


G. materiarius, Fitch. ¢ =description of  (?). 2 new. Antenne 
with long hairs and’bristles as in vetusus. Head smooth and sparsely 
punctured. Additional: ¢. Head with clongated longitudinal 
elevation in front, ending in an acute point just above base of 
mandibles. 


278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








PITYOPHTHORUS. 


P. minutissimus, Zimm. ¢ =description. @ =description. 

P. confinis (?), Lec. g =description of 9. 9 =description of ¢. 

P. (2) plagiatus, Lec. 4 =description of ¢ in synopsis of the Scoly- 
tide by Zimmerman, and of ? in Rhynchophora by LeConte. 
2 =description of ? (Zimm.) and of ¢ (LeConte). 


XYLOTERUS. 


X. retusus, Lec. ff =description. @ new. Head convex in front and 
roughened with minute granules, and with a small depression in 
the centre. : 

. bivittatus, Kirby. ¢ and 2? =descriptions. 

(?) (unzcolor, Eichh.) politus, Say. 4 new. Hind tibia narrower. 
Anterior edge crooked and near the tip thickly clothed with long, 
silky hairs with incurving points. Tarsus with fine hairs curved at 
the points. 2 new characters. Hind tibia broader. Anterior edge 
straight, with a few straight bristles. Tarsus with short, straight hairs. 

The male of this species was unknown to Mr. Ejichhoff when I 

’ examined his collection in 1892, as he remarked to me at the time that of 

the large series of examples he had examined from North America, he 

had failed to recognize a male. He also admitted that his wzzco/or was 
evidently the same as Say’s poditus. 

The difference in the antennal club, as suggested by LeConte, and the 
remarkable male character, together with some other differences, demand, 

I think, that this species should have a distinct genus erected for it. 


be 


XYLEBORUS. 

X. dispar, Fab. and ¢ =descriptions. 

X. obesus, Lec. 6 new (?). Length, 2mm. Width, 1.4 mm. ; similar 
in form to & X. dispar, but smaller. Thorax does not project over 
the head. Head smooth. Elytra distinctly punctured, but not in 
rows, especially on the side. 9 =description. 

X. xylographus, Say. 3g new (?). Length, 2mm. Width, .6 mm. 
More cylindrical than ¢ of X. pubescens. Head punctured in front. 
Thorax projecting over the head, the anterior portion being slightly 
rugose, posterior portion smooth. Elytra shining, finely punctured, 
and with a few granules on the declivily. Body sparsely covered 
with long, fine hairs. 9 =description. 

I believe this species to be identical with saxeseniz, Ratz. I can see 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. q 279 








no difference in the examples collected here and those of saxesenzi from 

France and Germany. Their galleries are also of the same character. 

X. pubescens, Zimm. ¢ =description of ~ pubescens and X. perferans. 
@ =description. Characters variable, and it is my belief that the 
names of this and a number of other forms of the genus will prove 
to be synonyms of X. perferans, Woll.* 

X. fuscatus, Eichh. ¢ new. Ido not see sufficient difference between 
this and the male of X. pudescens to distinguish them as separate 
species. 9 =description. I think this will prove to be merely a 
form of X. perferans. 


DRYOCGTES. 


D. autographus, Ratz. No distinctive external sexual characters were 
observed in the examples dissected. 

D. Eichhofi,n. sp. @&. Head more convex in front and with only a 
few long hairs. @. Front slightly depressed and thickly covered 
with long yellow hairs. 

This ‘species resembles D. autographus in size and sculpture; the 
principal difference being found in the secondary sexual characters, which 
are rather prominent in this species, and obscure in the other. It was 
determined for me in 1891 by Mr. Eichhoff as a doubtful variety of D. 
autographus, but when I visited him in 1892, and called his attention to 
the different characters, he admitted that it was a new species, and told 
me to describe it as such. Therefore, I take pleasure in applying the 
name which must always be familar to specialists and students in Scoly- 
tides. 

D. granicollis, Lec. §, with only afew hairs in front. @ with front 
thickly covered with long yellow hairs. 


TOMICUS., 


T. calligraphus, Germ. No distinctive external characters observed. 
The elytra armatures appear to be somewhat more prominent in the 
male than in the female, but this does not appear to bea reliable 
character. 

T. cacographus, Lec. ¢ with depression in front. Declivity with slightly 
stronger armatures and longer hairs. @ with frontal depression 
either absent or obscure. 





*Mr. Blandford, in a report on the destruction of beer casks in India, has recorded 
the same as his impression, London, 1893, p. 12, 


280 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





T. pini, Harris. ¢g with frontal tubercle and elytral armatures more 
prominent. § =description. 
T. caelatus, EKichh. No distinctive external characters observed. 
SCOLYTUS. 


S. quadrispinosus, Say. g and 2 =descriptions. 

S. muticus, Say. & =description of @ (?). Head broad and flat in 
front and thickly fringed with long yellow hairs. Last abdominal 
segment with two tufts of long hair near the posterior margin. 
@ new. Head narrow, with impressed longitudinal line in front, 
and with only a few long hairs. Last abdominal segment without 
tufts of hairs. 

S. rugulosus, Ratz. dg with head slightly flattened and broader than 
in 2, the flat surface bearing a few long hairs. 9 —Head slightly 
more convex in front, narrower and -without long hairs (at least in 
the examples I have examined). 

CHRAMESUS. 


C. icorie, Lec. ¢g and ? =descriptions. 
POLYGRAPHUS. 


P. rufipennis, Kirby. ¢ head with one and sometimes two acute 
tubercles in front. @ without acute tubercles in front. 


PHLOEOTRIBUS. 


P. frontalis, Oliv. ¢ and 9 =descriptions. 
HYLESINUS. 

FT, aculeatus,Say. 6 = description. The narrow, smooth, longitudinal 
line referred to is present in both sexes. @: front more convex and 
less pubescent in front. 

PHLOEOSINUS. 

P. dentatus, Say. { Declivity, with rows of rather prominent tubercles. 

@ Declivity, with rows of granules in place of tubercles. 


DENDROCTONUS. 


D. terebrans, Oliv. 4 with only a few short hairs in front. @ with 
numerous longer hairs in front. This, character is of little value, 
however, on account of the liability of the hairs to be rubbed off. 

D. frontalis, Zimm. ¢ with frontal channel deeper, and the granulate 
punctures larger than in female. 9 Front smoother and more 
convex. 

HYLURGOPS, 


HT. glabratus, Zett. g with slightly deeper transverse impressions in front, 
and a longer longitudinal elevated line above base of mandibles. 2 
with frontal transverse line present, but shorter in some individuals, 
and obsolete in others. 

Morgantown, W. Va., August roth, 1894, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281 
A aE I ty I a 
PLATYSAMIA COLUMBIA. 


BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON, ONT. 


During the winter of 1891-2, I received from Miss Morton, of 
Newburgh, N. Y., six cocoons of P. columbia, which she had reared 
from ova, received from one of her correspondents in Ann Arbor, Mich. 
They were the first cocoons of that moth I had seen. Their extremely 
small size as compared with Cecropia, their natty appearance and dark 
colour, relieved by flecks of white silk, was quite novel to me, so I 
frequently showed them to visitors. Amongst these was Mr. R. Elliot, of 
Plover Mills, one of our members, whose residence is about fifteen miles 
north-east of London, and whose name is well-known in ornithological 
circles, but who is rather a “ naturalist” than a “ specialist ;” clear, calm 
and appreciative in his observations of nature, and thoroughly reliable in 
his statements. When he looked at the cocoons, he meditatively 
remarked: “TI think Ihave seen something like that about our place. 
Indeed, I feel certain I have seen it, but I shall keep a look-out.” On 
the 14th of April, 1894, I received from Mr. Elliot two 2 columbia 
cocoons. ‘They were attached to a branch of larch, on Opposite sides of 
the same branch, and one about half its length in advance of the other. 
The son of a neighbour of Mr. Elliot found one on a tree growing at his 
house and showed it to Mr. Elliot, who saw it was what he was on the 
look-out for, so they searched the trees and found more. 


The roughened exterior of the cocoons, their dark brown colour, with 
white markings, give them such a close resemblance to the bark of the 
branch, that, but for their prominence, they would be extremely difficult 
to detect, thus forcing on the observer the conviction that larch must be 
their natural food-plant. On the 3rd of May a male moth emerged from 
one of the cocoons, and on the 6th a female from the other. On the 5th 
of May Mr. Elliot gave me another cocoon, which gave forth its imago 
on the 13th, also a female. The male is three and a-half inches in 
expanse of wing; the females are four and four and a-quarter. Those 
from Miss Mortoa’s cocoons are of corresponding dimensions. 


Much doubt was entertained when this moth was first discovered, as 
to whether it was a “species” or a cross between two. This question 
was conclusively settled when Prof. Fernald published his description 
of its early stages (Can: Ent., Vol. X., p. 43). Miss Morton has 
succeeded in pairing it with Cecropfia, and she says the progeny “were all 


282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





barren, and quite different from either parent.” When the Professor wrote ~ 
his description, he was not confident that it was distinct from GJoveri. 
Since then Miss Morton has reared Co/umdia .and Gloveri side by side, 
and she says: ‘‘ The difference between their larve is marked in all their 
stages, whilst the cocoons also differ in size and texture.” But she con- 
siders Co/umbia to be closer to G/overi than to any other of the genus, 
and she has had large experience in rearing all of them. It is known by 
those who have handled them to be an easy thing to separate Columbia 
cocoons from all the other Platysamias, but there seems to be some 
difference of opinion as to what especially distinguishes the moth from 
Cecropia. ‘That Columbia varies somewhat with the locality where found 
seems certain. The Quebec and Maine forms, as illustrated by Bowles 
and Strecker, do not strikingly resemble the Michigan specimens, which, 
Miss Morton says, are quite constant in general appearance. Prof. J. B. 
Smith states that all the Co/wmdzas that he has seen are very much alike. 
I sent a specimen from Miss Morton’s cocoons to Dr. Brodie, of Toronto, 
who has given Co/umbia a good deal of attention, and he said it did not 
much resemble any Columbia he had ; and if he had received it without 
data, he would have pronounced it a diminutive Cecropia. This to me 
was decidedly confusing, and set me wondering if there were no points 
of difference whereby to separate the two species unmistakably. 

When taking a general survey of the two moths, the attention is at 
once arrested by the smaller size and darker colour of Columbia. But 
there are gradations in these. A very small Cecropia is at times obtained. 
The male from Mr. Elliot’s cocoons is extremely dark, whilst a female re- 
ceived from Miss Morton does not perceptibly differ in general shading 
from some Cecropias. So, single specimens could give no certain indica- 
tion from these differences. 

With six authentic Co/umbias before me, and several fresh examples of 
Cecropia, 1 will take up that part of Prof. S. I. Smith’s original description, 
where he contrasts the two species, and comment upon it in sections, 

‘This species differs materially from .S. cecropia. ‘The male has the 
antenne, palpi, thorax and legs much darker.” Correct, as a rule. ‘* The 
short grey (or whitish) band on the hind part of the thorax is not found in 
S. cecropia.” Ihave a male Cecrofza with an indication of it, and in one 
of the Co/umbias it is not visible. ‘‘ The discal spots of all the wings are 
white, instead of dull red with a white centre.” \ In oneof the Columdias, 
the spots are quite red. ‘‘ The transverse bands of both pairs of wings 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283 





are white, instead of dull red bordered internally with white.” Here, 
I think, we get the most distinguishing point of difference between the 
two moths, There is no symptom of red in the bands of Co/umbia. The 
‘narrow, white, transverse band,” which in some of the specimens would 
be better termed a line than a band, shades externally into the dark 
grey of the border, whilst internally it is edged with solid black, which 
merges into the dark brown of the middle area. This appears to me to 
be the most conspicuous and constant difference between the two species, 
and would of itself make it quite easy to separate the moths, regardless 
of size or depth of colouring. ‘It wants the broad white band so con- 
spicuous on the anterior border of the secondaries of .S. cecropia, and also 
the reddish tints and markings near the apices of the primaries.” The 
band is not so clear a white, or so broad, but is edged with black, which 
is absent in Cecropia ; the tints on the apices are a distinction of degree, 
and but a slight one at that. 

- “The female differs from that of S. cecropia in having the palpi, legs 
and abdominal rings dark brown, or almost black, instead of dull red.” 
One of the Co/umbias is not distinguishable from Cecropia in that respect. 
‘The discal spots of the primaries are linear, obscure and parallel to the 
transverse band, instead of broad, conspicuous and parallel to the costal 
border.” The spots are more linear, but with a decided tencency toward 
lunate, thereby being about as much in line with the costal border as 
with the transverse band. And so far from being obscure, from the 
absence of red in them they are more conspicuous than in Cecropia. 
There is a male Cecropia before me that would answer that description 
better than any of the Co/umbdias. ‘The discal spots of the secondaries 
are small and almost. round, instead of large and somewhat triangular.” 
No difference except in size, and the absence of red in the spots of 
Columbia. “ As inthe male, it bas the white on the hind part of the 
thorax, and wants the white on the anterior border of the secondaries, 
and also the red on the apices of the primaries, on the discal spots, and 
on the transverse bands.” What I have said on these parts of the male 
answers also for those of the female. 

So, then, the only points that are left to me whereby to unmistakably 
separate Columbia from Cecropia are the narrow, dull white, transverse 
band edged internally with black, and the total absence of a red band. 
These might not separate it from G/overi and Ceanothi. I am not 
familiar with those species. 


284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 





FURTHER NOTES ON SCALE INSECTS (COCCID). 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 
The numbering is continued from page 193. 


(13.) Zachardia cornuta, n. sp.— 2 scales crowded on the stems of 
the plant, lively red-brown in colour, smooth and rather shiny, subtrans- 
lucent ; elevated so as to form in outline a triangle, the base of which ‘is 
greater than either side viewed from one side, but with the sides greater 
than the base when the scale is viewed from one end. Ina lateral view 
the two sides are about equal and meet each other at a right angle; all the 
other angles of the profile, whether taken from the side or from the end, 
are necessarily less than right angles. 

A more minute inspection shows that the apex of the scale is not a 
simple pyramid, but consists of a horn or tooth inclined backwards, so 
that a small but distinct notch appears in the lateral outline on the pos- 
terior side. This horn gives the whole scale somewhat the shape of 
certain teeth of sharks. 

_ Viewed from above, the scale is roughly oval in outline, but presents 
on each side a slight bulging, before and behind which is a groove or 
constriction. 

Alt. 2, lat. 2, long. 224 mm. 

Boiled in caustic soda, the females give a fine bright carmine, like 
cochineal. 

The young are elongate, bright crimson in colour. 

Adult female circular in outline. The abdominal process appears to 
be formed of three segments ; the basal one very large, about as long as 
the breadth of its base ; the second much smaller, broader than long ; 
the third or terminal quite small, abruptly truncate. From this terminal 
portion arise the anal hairs in two bundles of five each ; these hairs are 
of considerable length. 

The lateral tubes are elongate, of the peculiar structure usually seen 
in the genus. The glands are arranged in the tubes so that their proximal 
outline in mass, viewed laterally, forms a portion of a circle, not a pointed 
cone as in 7: melaleuce. 

This !ac-insect was discovered by Prof. E. O. Wooton, on a species of 
Composite growing on Little Mountain, on the occasion of a recent meet- 
ing of the New Mexico College Field Club. Little Mountain is in the 
Mesilla Valley of New Mexico, only a few miles from the Agricultural 
College. Unfortunately the plant was not in flower, and so cannot be 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 285 








identified, but it resembles an Artemisia. It grows commonly on the 
mountains, but although I examined many specimens of it, I failed to 
find any of the scales, which appeared to be very locally distributed. 

From holes in some of the scales, it is evident that the species is 
attacked by a parasite, but the latter has not been bred. 

One other species of Zachardia or Carteria is known from the arid 
region, namely, Z: /arree, Comstock. I possess a specimen of this, 
kindly sent to me by Mr. Maskell, and from comparison with this, and a 
study of Comstock’s description and figures, I concluded that my insect 
was distinct. But to make quite sure, I forwarded specimens to- Wash- 
ington to be compared with Comstock’s types of /arree, and Mr. L. O. 
Howard has very kindly replied as follows :— 

“Your new species of Carteria differs from C. darree, Comstock, in 
the shorter, lateral excretory tubes, the shorter anal cone, and in the 
smaller number of pores in the four groups back of the anal cone. 
Each of these groups is composed of from 7 to g pores, while in C. larree 
they are composed of from 18 to 25 each.” 

It may be added, that /avree also differs from cornuta in not being 
horned as described above. 

The food-plant of Z: larreé (Larrea) grows abundantly in the 
vicinity of Little Mountain, but no Zachardia was found upon it. 


(14.) Orthezia anne, Ckll.—Prof. C. H. T. Townsend has kindly 
sent me particulars concerning an Orthezia which he found on Chen- 
opodium at St. Joe, Arizona, July 20, 1892.. I have no doubt that this is 
O. anne, which was hitherto known only from specimens found on 
Atriplex canescens at Las Cruces, New Mexico. The species was not 
described until more than a year after Prof. Townsend’s Arizona find. 

(15.) Phenacoccus helianthi, Ck\l.—This has so far only been re- 
corded from Las Cruces, New Mexico. On August 25th, last year, I 
swept some specimens from herbage at El Paso, Texas, but was not able 
to find the plant they came off. The eggs and newly-hatched larve are 
pale orange. 

The following insects prey on P. heldianthi at Las Cruces :— 


(a.) Hyperaspis undulata. Numerous, the larve covering themselves 
with white secretion and so simulating coccids. Imago shiny black, 
with a red spot on the disc of each elytron, and a broadly interrupted 
pale orange-tinted marginal stripe. Identified by Dr. Horn, who 
tells me that it has long been known as an enemy of aphides and 
coccids. 


286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





(b.) Leucopis (near bel/ula, Dr. Riley informs me). A small grey parasitic 
dipteron. 

(c.) Encyrtus, sp. (fide Dr Riley). Reddish-ochreous. 

(d.) Zetrastichus, sp. (fide Dr. Riley) was also bred, but it is a secondary 
parasite. The species is black with whitish legs and iridescent 
wings. 

(16.) Dactylopius solani, n. sp.—Q about 3 mm. long, sparsely 
covered with mealy secretion, but without lateral or caudal mealy pro- 
cesses. Colour pale yellowish. Antenne of the type normal in the 
genus ; 8-jointed, joint 8 elongate, about as long as 6+7; 2 a little 
shorter than 8, but longer than 3; 7 a little shorter than 3; 5 and 6 
equal, a little shorter than 7 ; 4 shortest; 1 large and broad, about as 
long as 3; 8 with three whorls of hairs. Formula 82 (31) 7 (56) 4. 

In another specimen, joint 8 was distinctly longer than 6+7. In 
this, also, joints 4, 5, 6 and 7 were about equal. 3 also may be subequal 
with 2. ; 

Femur ¥ longer than tibia ; tibia 14 longer than tarsus ; trochanter 
with a long hair ; femur stout, with a row of five short but strong bristles 
on its inner margin, and four (two pairs) on its outer or convex margin. 
Tibia with five strong bristles on its outer margin, and five or six on its 
inner margin. ‘Tarsus with four bristles on its outer, and four on its inner 
margin. Claw stout, slightly curved. Tarsal knobbed hairs slender, 
with subobsolete knobs. 

Mentum apparently 2-jointed. Derm with scattered hairs and round 
gland-orifices. Rostral loop very short. 

Caudal tubercles as usual in the genus, distinct and fairly large, but 
not elongated, each bearing two hairs of the same size as those on the 
anogenital ring. 

Anogenital ring with either the normal six hairs, or, in some examples, 
four hairs of the normal size and two small. 

On tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum), at the College Farm, Las 
Cruces, New Mexico, discovered by Mr. H. H. Griffin. Most of the 
specimens had been destroyed by parasites, when I received the material 
at the end of August. 

Although we have as yet no definite information beyond that given 
above, it can hardly be doubted that the species lives naturally on the 
roots of native Solanacese, and has thence spread to the potato, which is 
not cultivated, except by way of experiment, at Las Cruces. It is ex- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287 


— 








tremely probable that the undescribed Dacty/opius mentioned in Insect 
Life, iii, pp. 413, 419, as infesting the roots of tomato in New 
Mexico is the same. Another undescribed Dactylopius infests the 
roots of So/anum melongena in Jamaica, and although it certainly 
resembles D. solani, its identity with it cannot be affirmed until adult 
specimens have been examined. (Entom., 1893, p. 266.) 


D. solani is rather an unsatisfactory species to describe, as it possesses 
just the necessary characters of the genus, neither more nor less. It is 
thus much like D. szmp/ex, Ckll., which lives on leaves of Pancratium in 
Jamaica, but the similarity need not cause confusion, owing to the great 
difference of habitat. DD. afinis, Maskell, which lives on potato-tubers in 
Australia, resembles D. so/ani¢ considerably, but differs in the lateral 
filaments and in the proportions of the joints of the antennz. 


D. lavandule, Signoret, found on roots of Lavandula in Europe, 
differs in the proportions of the antennal joints ; and D. arece, Mask., on 
roots of Areca in New Zealand, will at once be distinguished by the very 
short second joint of the antenne. JD. soe, Mask., on roots of fea in 
New Zealand, is quite different from D. solani. 


At Las Cruces one finds on Compositz an insect very similar indeed 
to D. solani, which I have described as Phenacoccus helianthi. It is dis- 
tinguished without much trouble by the antenne, which have g joints in- 
stead of 8, and by its above-ground habitat. As one contemplates these 
two insects, it is difficult not to think that we have in D. solani a repre- 
sentative of the old stock-form from which Phenacoccus helianthi sprung. 


(17.) Diaspis lanatus, Morg. and Ckll.—This injurious species has, 
up to the present time, been recognized only in the West Indies and 
some of the eastern United States. I have now to report it from the 
other side of the world, namely, Ceylon. Mr. E. E. Green, of Punduloya, 
Ceylon, lately sent me specimens of what he considered a new species of 
Diaspis, “ fatally abundant on cultivated geranium plants,” and I can 
make nothing of it but D. /anatus. It similarly infests geraniums 
(pelargoniums) in Jamaica. 

(18.) Aspidiotus convexus, Comstock, 1881.—This so-called species, 
which has been reported from California (Comstock) and New Mexico 
(Townsend), appears to have no real existence in the form described by 
its author. The New Mexican form, found on ash in Las Cruces, turns 
out to be A. juglans-regta var. albus, Ckll, I sent specimens of this to 


288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








the Dept. Agriculture, remarking at the same time that the relationship 
between convexus and juglans-regie needed investigation. 

Mr. Pergande, when my letter was received, proceeded to look into 
the matter, arriving at the following remarkable results :— 

MR. PERGANDE’S REPORT. 

“Prepared a number of females of A. juglans-regi@ var. albus, and 
compared them with typical jug/ans-regia, but failed to find any struc- 
tural differences between the two. 

‘“‘ The slides on which Comstock’s types of 4. convexus were mounted 
are not in our collection, and were probably taken to Ithaca. I pre- 
pared, therefore, 13 females, taken from twigs which had been labelled by 
Comstock A. convexus, ‘type ;’ and also 6 females, which had been 
placed by Comstock in alcohol, while examining the species in California; 
but, when they were examined under the microscope, it was found that 
not one of them had any groups of pores, and that they agreed exactly 
with the description and figure of A. rapax. . 

“ To be certain that they really are apax, 1 prepared also a large 
number of females, taken from twigs which had been labelled by Com- 
stock A. rapax ‘ type,’ and found, after comparing those marked rafaz, 
that all of them are absolutely identical. 

‘“Comstock must have made a mistake while describing the two 
species ; he had evidently by mistake taken hold of another species, 
while working on vafax. It is quite possible that his convexus is identical 
with either jugZans-regie or ancylus. This point could be settled if Com- 
stock would allow us to examine the slides.” (Pergande). 

Since A. convexus is thus founded on the scale of rapax + the 2 
insect of another species, the name must apparently drop. The name 
“ convexus” refers to the convex scale of rapax, and should be placed in 
the synonymy of that species—which is itself, according to Mr. Morgan, 
of Oporto, a synonym of A. came/lie (Boisd). 

It is to be observed that in the Dep. Agr. Rep. for 1880 (1881), A. 
convexus is described on p. 295, A. juglans-regi@ on p. 300, and A. rapax 
on p. 307. Therefore, those who consider rafax distinct from camellie 
may have to consider whether the name convexus, which has priority of 
place, should not be preferred for it. On the other hand, if it turns out 
that convexus, apart from the scale, was jug/ans-regi@, it again has priority 
of place, should any one care to use the name for a scale which is almost 
flat, . 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289 





KENTUCKY BUTTERFLIES. 
BY HATTIE H. WARNER, LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY. 


The following list has for its foundation a collection belonging to the 
Experiment Station of the Kentucky State College. The diurnal Lepi- 
doptera have not been made the object of special collecting by the Station 
entomologist, and doubtless a good many species will be added in the 
future :— 

1. Papilio ajax, Linn. Common in all wooded regions throughout 
the State. High Bridge, Nortonville, Clay’s Ferry, etc. 

2. Papilio philenor, Linn, Frequent throughout the State. Bowling 
Green, Nortonville, Lexington, etc. 

3. Papilio asterias, Fab. Frequent everywhere in the State. 

4. Papilio trotlus, Linn. Common locally. Specimens from Glas- 
gow, Clay’s Ferry, Fulton, etc. 

5. Papilio turnus, Linn. Very common everywhere. Specimens: 
from Providence, Lexington, Nortonville, Clay’s Ferry, etc. 

6. Papilio cresphontes, Cram. Rather rare. Lexington, Bowling 
Green. 

7. Pieris protodice, Boisd. and Lec. Common some seasons, gener- 
ally rare. Lexington. 

8. Pieris rapa, Linn. Very common everywhere. 

9. WVathalis iole, Boisd. Very rare. 

10, Callidryas eubule, Linn. Rather common locally in Western 
Kentucky. 

11. Colias cesonia, Stoll. Lexington. Not common. 

12. Colias philodice,Godt. The most zbundant butterfly of Kentucky. 
Occurs in large swarms about damp sand in the latter part of summer. 

13. Lerias nicippe, Cram. Common everywhere in_ lowlands. 
Lexington, Nicholasville, Bowling Green, High Bridge, etc. 

14. Lertas lisa, Boisd. and Lec. Found only occasionally. Speci- 
mens from Glasgow. 

15. Danais archippus, Fab. Common everywhere. 

16. Argynnis diana, Cram. Very rare. A specimen was collected by 
Prof. A. Garman, at East Cairo, several years ago. 


17. Argynnis cybele, Fab. Common about thistles in summer. 


18. ELuptoieta claudia, Cram. Common in fall all over the State, 
Lexington, Bowling Green, East Hickman, 


290 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 


as 





19. MWelitea phaeton, Drury. Moderately common in June. Pineville. 

20. Phyciodes nycteis, Doubleday and Hewitson. Moderately common 
everywhere. Specimens from Lexington, Pineville, Brooklyn Bridge. 

21. Phyciodes tharos, Drury. Very common all over Kentucky. 
Seen from May through the season. spite 

22. Grapta interrogationis, Fab. One of the most abundant butter- 
flies of Kentucky. ant 

23.. Grapta comma, Harr. Rather rare. Specimens from Lexington. 

24. Grapta progne, Cram, Rather rare. Specimens from Clay’s 
Ferry. 

25. Vanessa antiopa, Linn. Not common, most often seen in the fall. 

26. Pyrameis atalanta, Linn. Frequently seen throughout the State. 
Specimens from Lexington. 

27. Pyrameis huntera, Fab. Rather common. Specimens from Lex- 
ington, East Hickman and Bryant. 

28. Pyramets cardui, Linn. Common everywhere. 

29. Junonia cenia, Hubn. Occasional in Eastern Kentucky. Com- 
mon in western part of State, along the Ohio River. Specimens from 
Glasgow and Fulton. 

30. Limenitis ursula, Fab. Frequently seen during the latter part 
of summer. Specimens from Giasgow, Lexington, Pineville, East Hickman. 

31. Limenitis disippus, Godt. Not very common. Specimens from 
Lexington, Glasgow and Tyrone. 

32. Apatura celtis, Boisd. and Lec. Common everywhere.  Speci- 
mens from Lexington and Fulton. 

33. Apatura clyton, Boisd. and Lec. Occasional, Specimens from 
Lexington, Fulton and Tyrone. 

34. Faphia troglodyta, Fab. Occasional in Eastern Kentucky. 
Common locally in Western Kentucky. Found at Lexington, Hopkins- 
ville and Glasgow Junction. 

35. Debis portlandia, Fab. Moderately common in Western 
Kentucky. Specimens from Aden Springs and Fulton. ies 

36. Meonympha gemma, Hubn. Occasionally seen. Specimens from 
Fulton. 

37. Leonympha eurytris, Fab. Rather common in open woods. 
Specimens from Nortonville, Midland and High Bridge. 

'38. Meonympha sosybius, Fab. Common everywhere in woodland. 
Specimens from Fulton, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291 








39. Satyrus alope, Fab. Common in mountains of Eastern Kentucky. 
Specimens from Midland. 

40. Libythea bachmani, Kirtland. Occurs throughout the State. 
Common i in Western Kentucky, along the Mississippi and Ole Rivers. 

Sats Thecla halesus, Cram. Lexington. 


42. Thecla humuli, Harr. Rather rare. Specimens from High 
Bridge and Fulton. 


43. Chrysophanus hypophieas, Boisd. Frequent. Specimens ‘from 
Lexington. 

44. Lytiena pseudargiolus, Boisd. and Lec. Frequently seen. Speci- 
mens from Lexington and Pineville. er 

45. Lycena comyntas, Godt. Common everywhere. Specimens from 
Lexington and Pineville. 

46. Ancyloxypha numitor, Fab. Abundant everywhere along streams. 

47. Pamphila zabulon, Boisd. and Lec. Brooklyn Ferry and Lex- 
ington. 

48. Pamphila huron, Edw. Common some seasons in Rasa Ken- 
tucky. Specimens from Lexington and Bowling Green. . 

49. Lamphila otho, Smith and Abbott. Rare ; one specimen from - 
Glasgow Junction. , 

50. Pamphila peckius, Kirby. Very common everywhere. Seen in 
June and July. ; . 

51. Pamphila cernes, Boisd. and Lec. Common throughout the State. 
Specimens from Lexington, Glasgow, etc. 

52. Pamphila verna, Edw. Rare, only One specimen in the nahin 

53. Pyrgus tessellata, Scudd. Common everywhere throughout the 
State. 


54. Misoniades martialis, Scudd. Rare, only one specimen, from 
Nortonville. ; 


55. Pholisora catullus, Fab. Common throughout the State. 


56. Pholisora hayhurstii, Edw. Not very common. Only one speci- 
men, from Bryant, Kentucky. 


57. Eudamus pylades, Scudd. Not very common, a single specimen 
from Brooklyn Bridge. 


58. Ludamus bathyllus, Smith and Abbott. Rather rare. Specimens 
from Glasgow and Bowling Green. 


59: Hudamus lycidas, Smith and Abbott. Rather rare. Specimens 
from Glasgow Junction. 


60, Ludamus tityrus, Fab. Common throughout the State. 


292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





A FEW REMARKABLE VARIATIONS IN LEPIDOPTERA. 
BY GEORGE A. EHRMANN, PITTSBURGH, PENN’A. 


Papilio turnus, 9, Linn.—I received a curious example of a 9 P. 
turnus, which has the outer margin greatly produced towards the apex 
of the primaries ; the secondaries are more rounded and not so elongate 
as in the typical form ; and the black discal bars are broader and more 
suffused. The expanse is only 334 inches, thus giving the insect a very 
odd appearance. My specimen was taken in Westmoreland County, Pa. 
Dr. Holland has an example, taken in Coalburgh, W. Va., that agrees in 
every respect with mine. 


LP. turnus, dim, form G/aucus, Linn.—This singular specimen is of 
the ‘¢urnus-glaucus form, but the right-hand primary is almost as light 
and boldly marked as the typical turnus. I have also an example that 
is as dark as the darkest forms of g/aucus and has no trace of yellow in 
it except on the underside of the right-hand primary, where there are 
many large, light, yellow blotches, that seem to have been put there arti- 
ficially. There is another in my collection that has little or no trace of 
yellow on the forewings, but the discal band of secondaries is nearly as 
boldly marked with yellow as in ¢urnus. 


£. asterias, Fabr.—QOut of a batch of about forty larve that I 
- succeeded in rearing, and carried through the winter of 1892-3, I 
obtained five fine examples, four males and one female, that have no 
pupil-spot in the ocellus. There were no two larve in this batch that 
were alike, even at the same stage of existence. 


Leucarctia acrea, Drury.— ¢. Same as the typical form, except that 
the black spots on the right-hand primary, between the median nervures, 
have blended into one another, thus forming three black bars. This 
curious example was caught flying around the electric lights of our city, 
in the latter part of June, 1893. The black bars are half-an-inch long, 
and give the moth a very singular appearance. 


Leucarctia acrea, Drury, var. Kéagesii, Ehrmann.— g. Upper sur- 
face of primaries has no black spots whatever, except three small ones on 
the median portion of the costa, and six exceedingly minute black points 
on the outer margin. On the secondaries there is a faint black discal 
spot, and two on the outer margin, one near the apex and one near the 
inner angle. All these spots are almost obsolete, thus making this an in- 
teresting form, and giving it the beauty of having clear white primaries, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 293 





and almost immaculate orange secondaries. On the under surface of 
both pairs of wings the markings are the same as above, but the ground 
colour of the wings is much lighter than usual, and is of a lovely lemon 
yellow ; the abdomen, thorax, head, antenne and legs are the same as in 
the typical form. 

Of this form, I have seen several examples in various collections, and 
I believe that it is a sufficient variation to have at least a name of its own. 
I therefore claim the pleasure of dedicating this pretty form to the 
memory of my deceased friend, Frederick W. Klages, who was preparing 
for a second collécting trip to Jamaica, when he was taken ill and died. 





PARTIAL PREPARATORY STAGES OF HEMILEUCA 
CALIFORNICA, WRIGHT. 
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL. 

The eggs are sub-globular, between that and sub-quadrate, shaped much 
like Zuma and its allies ; length, .o6 inch ; width, .06 inch, by .o5 inch in 
height; smooth, the apex flattened, but the base rounded. Colour, olive green; 
those on one side of the twig, red tinted. They were placed round a 
twig of food plant (willow) with one of the long ways across the twig. 
They were from California, and where deposited about the last of 
October. As they hatched the middle of the following April, this would 
give six months as the duration of this period. 

Young Larva.—Length, .12 inch. Sub-cylindrical, largest at the 
anterior end. Body black, or, we might say, orange-black ; each joint 
with six fleshy, cylindrical tubercles, nearly as long as the diameter of 
the body, from each of which arise two white hairs. Head black ; 
venter, legs and anal segment orange. Duration of this period, 8 days. 

After rst moult.—Length, .16 inch. Shaped as before. Uniform 
brownish-black, the tubercles and all; hairs grayish-white. Duration of 
this period, 11 days. 

After 2nd moult.—Length, .25 inch. Ofa uniform black, about the 
same shade as before; the two dorsal rows of tubercles orange with 
black bases, those on the posterior part of the body with the black ex- 
tending well up on the tubercle, two pale hairs for each tubercle. 

During this period all died. Though I had several thousand of them, 
I failed to get any past the third moult. They were extremely gregarious 
in their feeding, huddling together on the food plant, and moving but 
little. 


294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


NOTES FROM: MY DIARY, QUEBEC, 1893. 


BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN. 





On August roth, I left by the 4.45 p.m. terry for the Isle d’Orleans, 
which was reached about 5.30. A short walk uphill brought me to one 
of my favourite collecting grounds, and the remaining daylight was use- 
fully spent looking for Coleoptera, a few good things being taken. 

About dusk I visited a patch of the spreading Dog-bane (Apocynum 
androsemifolium, Lin.), which was in bloom, growing at one end of a 
small clearing in the woods ; a road ran alongside the fence at this end, 
on the other side of which was more wood. ‘The evening was clear, with 
somewhat of a warm breeze. Here, in half-an-hour, I captured eight 
species of Plusia, over 30 specimens. I was kept busy netting and 
bottling my captures. Things were so numerous that several entomolo- 
gists could have found a lively and profitable thirty minutes’ occupation ; 
unfortunately, I had to tear myself away at 8 o’clock, to catch the boat. 

When I got home, I found the following to be the contents of my 
bottles : Plusia putnami, Grt., 4; thyatiroides, Gn., 1; U-aureum, Bdv., a: 
mortuorum, Gn., 6; viridisignata, Grt.,1; ampla, Walk., 1. The balance 
consisted of precationis, Gn., and simplex,Gn. The only other noctuid 
taken at this blossom was Drasteria erechtea, Cram., rather common. I 
may add that before dusk I took a fine Plusia bimaculata, Steph., on 
the wing. 





BOOK NOTICES. 

Ranpom RECOLLECTIONS OF WooDLAND, FEN aND HILL; and Woop- 
sipE, BurNsIDE, HiListpeE aNnD Marsu, by J. W. Tutt, Editor of 
the Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. London: Swan, 
Sonnenschein & Co. 

The name of the author of these two volumes must be familiar to our 
readers, as an occcasional contributor to our pages, while he is widely 
known as a writer of much scientific repute on matters concerning the 
Lepidoptera. In these two books he has assumed a lighter and more 
popular role ; his aim has been—to quote his own words—“ to bring 
under the notice of the general public, in readable and untechnical 
language, a few of the interesting phenomena which are to be observed 
everywhere around us, by those who take the trouble to look for them, 
and to give such explanations of their causes as may easily be under- 
stood, even by those whose scientific knowledge is small.” He has cer- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295 


—— 





tainly carried out his design most successfully, and given to the world 
two very charming and interesting books on out-of-doors Natural History. 
Anyone, whether young or old, who takes any pleasure in the beauties of 
nature, and any interest in the varied world of animal and vegetable life, 
will read them with the greatest delight, and follow the author with un- 
flagging interest, during his rambles over hill and dale, and by marsh and 
burn:and fen. In the former work, more attention is paid to the habits 
and variations of insects, while the latter treats of any animal or plant 
that may be met with in expeditions to widely different localities. 
Amusing episodes and pretty bits of verse enliven the volumes, and many 
capital pictures render the later one still more attractive. 


REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE NEW JERSEY 
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EXPERIMENT STATION, by John B. Smith, 
Sc. D., for the year 1393. 

It is obviously impossible to notice all the ever-welcome bulletins and 
reports that constantly flow from the various Experimental Stations 
throughout North America, for copies of which we are very grateful to 
their authors. We may, however, call attention to Dr. Smith’s excellent 
departure from the ordinary report. After giving the usual general 
review of the season, and an account of the most important insect attacks 
of the year, he devotes a large portion of his work to a most useful and 
admirable account of the ‘“‘ Beneficial Insects,” in all the different orders. 
It is clearly and plainly written, so as to be within the comprehension: of 
non-entomologists, and is profusely illustrated with excellent figures, 
many, of them being new productions by means of photography. ‘ It 
ought to be widely distributed, in order to teach the general public that a 
very large proportion of insects are not noxious, and should not be 
wantonly destroyed. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 





INSECTS AT LIGHT. 

Sir,—That light is one of the greatest attractions to the Insect World 
has never been so forcibly demonstrated to me as this summer. In the 
eastern part of the City of Cleveland, and situated near the Garfield 
Memorial, are the immense car barns of the C. E. R. Co., one of the 
street railways of this city. One of these buildings, with a breadth of one 
hundred feet and a length of over three hundred feet, is painted white on 


296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 








the inside. At night it is illuminated both inside and out with electric 
arc lights. The walls, I should judge, are about thirty feet in height. 
Situated as these buildings are, near the cemetery, some parts of which lie 
untouched by the hand of man, being in a truly primeval condition, you 
can see at once that the place is exceedingly favorable to the entomolo- 
gist. It seems that these white walls, together with the electric lights, 
form a moth trap which no entomologist could improve. The ends of the 
building are, of course, left open. This place is a veritable fairyland for 


the entomologist. During a storm insects of all kinds will fly in, and are 
easily captured. Among the Lepidoptera which I have taken are the 
following: <Attacus luna, A. Cecropia, A. Polyphemus, A. Promethea, 
Eacles imperialis, Saturnia Lo, Arctia acrea; over twenty different 
species of Hawk moths, and many others too numerous to mention, As 
I am only collecting Lepidoptera, I have not paid much attention to the 
other orders of insects. The Coleoptera are also very abundant. 

Before I close, I may speak of Argynnis aphrodite, which I never 
saw so common before. On going into a meadow a dozen will fly up at 
your approach, while they are over everything and everywhere. Never 
here have I seen a butterfly in such numbers. 


Gro. L. Lex, Cleveland, Ohio. 


ATTACUS PROMETHEA. 


 Sir,—Having noticed Mr. Moffat’s communication regarding Attacus 
promethea in the August number, it occurs to me that the following may 
prove of interest. On June roth, while in Milton, Mass., I placed two 
females in a box on the piazza for assembling. About 3 o’clock in the 
afternoon a male was observed flying around the house. He was cap- 
tured, and a short time later another appeared. They kept coming at 
intervals until about half-past five, and after that none were seen. There 
were ten in all, of which number eight were perfect. On the next day, at 
about the same time, they began to come again, but very much more numer- 
ously. At the end of the afternoon, twenty-nine had been taken, besides 
a large number which were not collected, because of imperfections. The 
moths were not seen either night. The next day no more moths put in 
their appearance, and the females were removed. Besides this occasion, 
I have several times seen the male moths flying around, when there were 
no females in the vicinity. I have never seen the females fly’ by day, 
however, or the males except between three and six o’clock. It seems 
to me that Promethea is habitually a day flyer, but I have never seen 
any other of the Saturniide on the wing during the daytime. All the 
males which assembled showed the same apparent blindness which Mr. 
Moffat speaks of. James A. FIELD, Milton, Mass, 


Mailed October sth, 


a Canadian ee 





“VOL. XXVL.__ “LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1894. Noa 








THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
V. THE COCcCINELLIDZ OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 

This family includes a moderate number of beetles, usually of com- 
pact, convex and often more or less hemispherical form, coloured as a 
rule in striking patterns of yellows or reds and black. In most cases 
the surface is glabrous, though in Scymnus and some less extensive genera 
it may be plainly pubescent. Technically, the family may be known by 
the clavate antenne, the three-jointed tarsi with dilated second joint and the 
partially membranous dorsal abdominal segments ; the ventral segments 
are free, the first usually with coxal lines, and the claws ordinarily appen- 
diculate or toothed. It will, however, seldom be necessary to recur to 
these characters in the study of a limited. fauna such as is presented by 
East Canada, as the facies is usually such: as to render the fact of an 
insect belonging here unmistakable. Sexual characters are feeble and 
seldom used in specific or generic determinations. 

The larvee are common on leaves of plants, and may often be seen in 
numbers on twigs infested with aphides, which constitute the chief food 
of the more northern species, although Zpzlachna borealis 
(Fig. 35), which occurs farther to the south, is known to be 
phytophagous in habit. Most of the known North American Jf [ 
larvee of this family agree in being of somewhat elongate 
form, often quite spiny and usually spotted or banded in reds, 
black and yellows. They bear a resemblance to a minute Fig. 35. 
abieator in shape, and are known under that name by children in some 
parts of the country. When full fed the larva attaches 
itself by the anal extremity to some convenient surface— 
the under side of a leaf or the bark of a tree in wild 
countries—and transforms to a pupa (Fig. 36—pupa of 
Coccinella g-notata), displaying the characteristic gaudy 
colours before mentioned, the old larval skin adhering to 
the posterior extremity. 

The genera are extremely difficult to tabulate in-a 








298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


satisfactory form, and I have been unable to find easily seen characters 
in all cases—partly because of the extreme resemblance in form among 
certain genera, and partly on account of the wide variation in colour 
shown by a few species precluding much use of this in a table. In part, 
I have followed the “ Classification,” while in other places I have used 
more readily perceived characters, which, while not in themselves of true 
generic value, will nevertheless allow the species here treated to be 
properly placed. The interpretation of specific characters is, in general, 
after the “ Revision of the Coccinellide of the United States,” by Mr. 
Crotch, although he has not tabulated most of them. Scymnus is omitted 
for the present. 

A word of caution is necessary to beginners. Some of the species 
are very closely allied, and often so variable in colour, especially as re- 
gards the greater or less development of the elytral spots, that they may 
prove extremely puzzling, and in order to avoid mistakes the tables and 
descriptions, which have been made fuller than in preceding papers of 
this series, should be carefully studied. ‘The considerable number of 
figures offered should also prove an aid to accurate work. 

The species known from. our region may be placed in their pase 
mate genera by use of the following key : 

A. Body pubescent. 
Antenne reaching base of thorax ; body oblong-oval. . . Coccidu/a. 
Antenne scarcely as long as the head; body nearly hemis- 
POMETICA Sra. aes hea scenes PePteret bln: sos cnsthay ees eieses semaue Ne: Scymnus. 
AA. Body glabrous, base of antenne covered by a frontal plate, thorax 
very small; upper surface black, elytra each with one red 
spot.. att ele Rlacawesiaiat noise: \elniie CoRAMIY dnclspenatees oC NBACUEO tea 
AAA. ody Biron. ne ae antennz ‘aan thorax of moderate 
size. 
b. Form oblong-oval or elongate, ventral lines absent or nearly 
so. 
c. Elytra with sutural and discoidal black stripe. .... Vemia. 
cc. Elytra spotted. 
d. Thorax distinctly margined at base. ........ AZegi//a. 
dd. Thorax not margined at base. 
Small (.13 in.). Elytra each with eight spots,* 


sometimes confluent, .........000 sees: Anitsosticta. 
Larger (.20—.30 in.). Elytra with not more than 
SIX SpOts* OmmeseMs Je. is ekageatee LTippodamia. 











*The common sutural spots excluded. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299 





bb. Form usually rounded and much more convex ; metasternal 
and ventral coxal lines distinct. 

e. Antenne longer (sometimes only slightly so) than the 
head; form looser, less contractile; colour above 
usually pale with dark markings. 

f. Size small (.08 to .10 in.) ..,..0008+ «2+ Psyllobora. 
ff. Larger (.16 to .38 in.). 
g. Antennz only slightly longer than the head, 
elytral epipleurz not extending to tip. 
Lines on first ventral angulate exter- 


mallyesvasesr-* caaepaienalssosanatl Coccinella. 
Lines on first ventral semicircular, 
COMPETE 2) o) avacccseswesvenbatens Adalia. 
Lines on first ventra) incomplete ex- 
termally........... sesseeeee -- Harmonia. 


gg. Antenne longer, extending at least to middle 
of prothorax ; epipleurz entire. 
Claws _ bifid, Ves oval, more con- 


VER chic cscesnecs acca specciannstee Mysta. 
Claws toothed: body rounded in outline, 
IESS'RON VER: .2 05-2. caee ene .. Anatis. 


ee. Antennz extremely short, Spout as (ngs) as jehe front ; 
body compact, strongly retractile ; colour above black, 
with yellow or red markings. 


Anterior tibiz with a strong spine on the outer 
edge, elytral spots more numerous. Brachyacantha. 


Anterior tibiz simple, elytral spots fewer in num- 
Pe beee treet dc.) comments hem kevameaat sani Hy peraspis. 
Anisosticta, Duponchel. 

A. strigata, Thunb., which represents the above genus in the Canadian 
fauna, is a small ovate or somewhat elongate insect (.13 in.), black beneath 
excepting the sides and tip of the abdomen, which, with the legs and 
antenne, are yellow. Above, the head is yellow anteriorly, the thorax 
yellow, with two triangular black spots, the apices of the triangles being 
applied to the base. ‘These spots are sometimes irregularly v-shaped, or 
the outer limb of the v may even be separated as a spot. Elytra yellowish, 
with a common bilobed spot on the scutellar region, and usually eight 
others on each, black ; these spots may, however, be confluent in a varying 
degree, so as to form a less number of larger size. 


300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Nmra, Muls. 

To this genus belongs WV. efiscopadlis, Kirby, a small species (.15 in.) 
of more than usually elongate and parallel form, black beneath, with the 
legs and sides of the abdomen yellow. Above, the head and prothorax 
are black with yellow stripes, the elytra yellow with a narrow common 
black sutural vitta, and on each a broader discoidal one ; none of these 
reach the apex. 

MEGILLA, Muls. 


The well-known JZ. maculata, DeGeer, is of an oval, not very convex 
form,. black beneath, the prosternum and a row of triangular lateral 
abdominal spots reddish. Above, reddish, with large biack spots as 
follows :—Two large black sub-triangular on the prothorax, one diamond- 
shaped on the scutellar region of the elytra, one transversely elliptical on 
the suture about three-fourths to tip ; each elytron has in addition 
four spots (the second the largest) arranged longitudinally near 
the external edge. Legs black, head black with a triangular 
frontal spot prolonged on to both sides at the broad end. 
Length,.20 to .22 in. (Fig. 37.) 





Hippopamia, Muls. 


The species are rather numerous and vary to a considerable extent in 
the size of the elytral black spots. The thorax has a pale border and 
often two white dashes on the disk. 

A, Tibiz black. 
b. Thoracic border sinuate or interrupted. Discal marks absent, or 

nearly so. 

Basal elytral spots large, usually connected so as to form a 
transverse band. Length, .25-.27 in... 5-s¢gnata, Kirby. 
Basalelytralspotssmall or wanting,.28- 30in. Zeconte?,Muls. 
bb. Thoracic border nearly uniform, disk with two white dashes. 
Flytral spots small, never united, .18—.20 in...convergens,Guer, 

AA. Tibiz pale. 
Thorax with quadrate yellow spot at middle of base, 
eT O,2O" TDs. ale esc ocak acer aM woth’ os woe parenthesis, Say. 
Thorax without spot at base, .20-.24 in....z3-punctata, Linn. 

Fig. 38 isa diagram of ippodamia 5-signata; Fig. 39—A the larva, B 
the pupa, and C the imago of HZ convergens ; Fig. 40 . parenthesis ; Fig. 
41 Hf. 13-punctata. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301 








Fig. 38. Fig. 39. Fig. 40. 


CoccInELLA, Linn. 


A number of species of very convex form constitute this genus ; they 
vary, as do those of Hippodamia, in the extent of the black markings, but 
may be separated thus :— 


A. Elytra red, immaculate. White margin of thorax with three 
branches...... ate sed sideiates hg Aates len pb ev argew ae Se sie sanguinea, Linn. 
AA. Elytra reddish or yellowish with black markings. 
b. Thorax with anterior margin white. 

Elytra with three black transverse fascia, sometimes reduced 

or partially divided, .22 iN....sse0e + veeeeee Lrfasciata, Linn. 

Elytra with 2 common scutellar, and each with four other 

spots, black, the two anterior smaller, .26-.30.9-motata, Hbst. 
bb. Thorax with anterior angles only white. 

c. Elytra strongly punctulate, shining; thorax with anterior 
angles triangularly white. Elytra each with a triangular 
subapical black spot and a common black sub-basal 
fascia tridentate anteriorly, .19 IN........+.. tricuspis, Kby. 

cc. Elytra alutaceous, obsoletely punctulate. Thorax with a 

quadrate white spot on the anterior angles above. 

Anterior thoracic angles only narrowly white beneath. 

Sub-basal spots of elytra usually united into a com- 

mon fascia, .28-.30 in. ......¢ransversoguttata, Fabr. 

Anterior thoracic angles as broadly white beneath as 

above. Elytra without sub-basal band, usually 

with an oblique medial fascia, a scutellar spot and 

asubapical spot on each, .28-.30 in....montico/a, Muls. 

Of the above species, C. ¢ricuspis is unknown to me in nature. 

Figures are given of C. sanguinea, Fig. 42; C. trifasciata, Fig. 43; C. 

g-notata, Fig. 44, and its larva, Fig. 45, and pupa, Fig. 36; C. trans- 
versoguttata, Fig. 46 ; and C. monticola, Fig. 47. 


302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








ADALTIA, Muls. 


Two species are found in the Canadian lists ; they are similar in out- 
line to Coccinella, but less convex. Being very variable in colour, they 
are likely to make trouble, but may be separated thus :— 

Elytra uniform yellowish red or with transverse fasciz of small black 


spots in varying number, .18 in..............200 seseeeee- f7Igida, Schn. 
Elytra yellowish-red with a rather large discoidal black spot, 
OU cea beseech eae ed EE en nc vpn a OA aes bipunctata, Linn. 
Elytra black, humeral angles, or entire basal region, and a smaller 
POSE MEAN SPOl KEG. c0d.5 des ..|.. 0 olaeeeeeare. var. humeralts, Say. 


Harmonia, Muls. 


The species of Harmonia are very troublesome to define by descrip- 
tion, but are comparatively easily recognized after a short acquaintance. 
Hf. 12-maculata is easily known by its convex form and 
resemblance in coloration to Megilla maculata, while the 
oblong-oval form and peculiar markings (see Fig. 48) of 
ff, picta render the more typical specimens easily known. 
Hf. r4-guttata, while of somewhat the same form as 27- 
maculata, may be easily separated from it by the dark 
ground colour with lighter markings. The differences may 
be stated, then, as follows :— 


u 


Fig. 48. 


Elytra testaceous or pinkish, with large black spots ; one common 
scutellar, one common at about three-fourths, and, on each elytron, 
one humeral, two medial, one post-medial, and one triangular 
apical. Thorax with two very large black spots. Form hemi- 


spherical, .22 10 ose. 5 shia me RRM pis sirhasiscd 0 a 12-maculata, Gebl. 
Elytra light red with pale NM or black with red spots, normally 
seven on each, but sometimes reduced to two. Punctuation un- 


equal. Thorax with front and hind margins Bie often also with a 
medial line and spot near the hind angles, .23 in... 74-guttata, Linn. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 303 





Elytra entirely pale or with a longitudinal line, and a spot on each 
side (the spot often confluent with the line) dark or black. Pro- 
thorax pale, with black spots often coalescing into an M-shaped 
mark, with a dot on each side, or varying infinitely in size and 
shape. Form oblong-oval, less convex, .17 in.......... picta, Rand. 


Mysia, Muls. 


M. pullata, Say. Oval, convex, head black with two yellow frontal 
spots, thorax black with narrow whitish front margin, sides broadly white 
and enclosing a black spot. Elytra reddish, sometimes with an irregular 
blackish dorsal vitta. Legs usually black,.28 in. Larger than Coccin- 
ella sanguinea, which it recalls at first sight, and with the thorax differ- 
ently marked. 

Anatrs, Muls. 

Two species are recorded from Canada, differing thus :— 

Elytra very distinctly punctured; thorax yellowish white, with a 
heavy, more or less M-shaped discoidal black mark, and a black 
marginal spot near the hind angles. The elytra are usually 
yellowish with black spots, arranged in three transverse rows, 
though occasionally specimens are found in which the elytra are 
brown or nearly black. Legs wholly or in part yellow, .30-.38 in. 
(Fig. 15-punctata, Oliv. 





Fig. 49. 

Elytra quite smooth, with oblong piceous spots, variable in form and 
extent, so that nearly the entire disk may become piceous, enclos- 
ing small yellow stripes or blotches.............060: subvittata, Muls. 

The former is our largest Coccinellid, and is easily recognized. The 

latter I am unacquainted with, and owe the characters on which the 
separation is made to the kindness of Dr. Horn. 


PsyLLopora, Chevr. 
A small, yellowish-white species (P. 20-macudata, Say.), only .08 to .10 
in. in length, with numerous black spots ; cannot be mistaken for anything 


304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 





else, since it is the only black-spotted Coccinellid of such small size and 
hemispherical shape in the Canadian fauna. 


CHILOcoRUs, Leach. 

C. bivulneratus, Muls., is the only Canadian , 
species. It isa rounded, very convex species, with 
a very short thorax and wide margins to the elytra, 
which are black, with a red discoidal spot. The 
abdomen is red. Length, .20 in. Fig. 50, imago ; 
Fig. 51, larva. 





Fig. 50. Fig. 51. 


BRACHYACANTHA, Dej. 

One species comes from our region, B. wrsima, Fabr., a rather small, 
oval convex insect (my specimens varying from .og to .16 in. in length), 
black above, head yellow, the thorax with front margin yellow in the male. 
The elytra are black, with five yellow spots, one humeral, one basal, two 
medial and one sub-apical. The variety zo-pustu/ata, Melsh, includes 
the small specimens in which the head is often black, with an orange spot 


on the vertex. 
HyPERASPIS, Chevr. 


Resembles Brachyacantha in form, but differs in having no spine on 
the anterior tibiz. ‘The ornamentation in the Canadian species is also 
usually less profuse. 

A. Elytra black, with marginal spots or lateral stripe and a discoidal 
spot before the middle yellow. Sides of prothorax (in ¢ the front 
margin and head also) yellow, .o8—.10 IM... ......+4. undulata, Say. 

AA. Elytra black, without series of lateral spots or stripes. 

b. Prothorax black (@), with sides and front margin pale ( 3). 
Elytra black, each with a rounded red spot at about the 
middle, and sometimes another small one near the tip, 
JOR 1 Onli Lees cane ab vs 60's Siew astaen ead tenuate signata, Oliv. 
bb. Prothorax with lateral spot or margin pale in both sexes, ¢ 
with head pale. 

Elytra each with a round spot at tae and two small ones 
(sometimes wanting) one-fifth from the tip, sides of pro- 
thorax yellow ; ¢ with front mies and head also yellow, 

.o8-.12 in, sae ceed .. proba, Say. 
Rlytra each with a ae ae ier near te ‘ae Sara with a 

large lateral spot, .1t-.12 in...............d¢geminata, Rand. 





ae. 32 - Fig. 52 represents “7. undulata. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST. 305 








CoccipuLa, Kug. 


A single species is known, C. /epida, Lec., about .12 in. in length, 
pubescent, and of rather elongate form. My specimens are yellowish 
above, the head black, except at sides. Elytra with a broad black com- 
mon sutural stripe, dilated at apex and extending three-fourths to tip. At 
base this stripe is also dilated, and extends across to the sides, where it 
becomes confluent with a broad, black lateral vitta, which runs beyond 
the middle. Beneath, mostly black, the legs, sides of prothorax and four 
terminal abdominal segments yellow. Antenn longer than usual, yellow. 


The remaining Provinces of Canada, after excluding Ontario and 
Quebec, seem to have furnished comparatively few additional species of 
Coccinellide ; the few published records that I am able to find. 
(excepting Scymuz) are appended. 


Ceratomegilla ulkei, Cr. Hudson’s Bay. ‘‘ Oval, subopaque, an- 
tenn and tarsi ochreous ; head with a white spot in front of each eye, 
thorax bordered with ochreous on the sides, anterior angles broadly 
ochreous, and a very minute line in the middle of the anterior margin 
also ochreous ; elytra rather closely punctate, a triangular spot on the 
base, the external margin irregularly, and an elongate common. sutural 
spot near the apex fulvous. L., .22 in.” Unknown to me. 


Adonia constel/ata, Laich. Nova Scotia. ‘‘ Black, tibia, antennz and 
entire front of head pale; thorax with a narrow border, abbreviated 
medial line connected with the anterior margin, and a round dot on either 
side, white. Elytra with a scutellar spot, and six others (as in Aipfo- 
damia) variously united or absent.” L, 1g in. 


Eriopsis connexa, Germ. Vancouver. ‘“ Oblong, black ; thorax with 
the sides and a spot on the front and hind margins yellow. Elytra with 
the base, margin and two dorsal spots yellow ; the marginal line is dilated 
in five places, one basal, one subhumeral, one medial, one at three- 
fourths and one sub-apical. L., .22 in.” 


Hippodamia moesta, Lec. Victoria, Van. Isl. (var. of Lecontei). 
Elytra entirely black, with a small basa] dot near the scutellum and a 
triangular marginal subapical spot, yellow. L., .29 in. 


306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


H. falcigera, Cr. Slave Lake, Hudson’s Bay. Black, head witha 
small! yellow frontal spot ; thorax without discal marks, with a narrow 
uniform yellow border. Elytra yellow, with the suture black (narrowing 
out before the apex), and each with a black, equally broad vitta, suddenly 
incurved before the apex. L., .22 in. pitas 

Hi. americana, Cr. Hudson’s Bay. Tibie pale, metepimera black, 
thoracic margin narrow in front, broader and emarginate at sides, sutural 
vitta suddenly dilated at one-third. L., .20 in. 


_. Coccinella transversalis, Muls. Victoria, Van, Isl: A variety of C.. 
transversoguttata, in which the basal band is divided, or only the 
scutellar spot left. It, therefore, resembles, superficially, C. smonticola, 
from which it may be separated by the thoracic spot, as shown in the 
preceding table. 

Anatis Rathvoni, Lec. Nanaimo, Van. Isl. (Holland). May be 
known from A. 75-punctata by the black meso-and metepimera. 

Psyllobora tedata, Lec. Victoria, Nanaimo, Van. Island. Smaller 
than P. 20-maculata, spots mostly brown, sub-confluent, punctuation 
fainter. . 

The more essential bibliography of this family is not extensive, but in 
part very difficult to procure. The following are the principal titles :— 

1850. Mulsant. Species des Coleopteres trimeres’ securipalpes. 
Ann. Soc. d’Agric., Lyon, Ser. IJ., 1850. Supplement Ann. Soc. Linn., 
Lyon, Ser. III., 1853. Additions et rectifications, l. c., Ser. IL., 1856. 

1852. Le Conte. Remarks upon the Coccinellide of the United States. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Vol. VI. j, 

1873. Crotch. Revision of the Coccinellidz of the United States. 
Trans. Am. Ento. Soc., IV. 

1880. Le Conte. Short studies of North American Coleoptera. Trans. 
Am. Ento. Soc., VIII. (p. 186, Hyperaspis). 





PHILAMPELUS ACHEMON. 


While collecting on the 29th of last June, at .an electric light 
on the outskirts of Toronto, in company with Mr. H. R. Hayter, he 
captured a 2 specimen of Philampelus achemon, Drury. The insect 
had lost one antenna, but was otherwise in perfect condition. I have 
not heard of any other capture of this insect near Toronto. 

G. M. Stewart, Toronto. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 307 


ON THE LARV OF TWO SPECIES OF ARACHNIS. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 


The larve of two species of Arachnis, from Mexico, were given to 
me by Mr. Jacob Doll. They are the following :— 
Arachnis aulea, Geyer. 

figg.—Shape of two-thirds of a sphere, with flat base. Shining, 
pearly, iridescent.. Diameter,.6 mm. The reticulations are rounded, 
moderately distinct, of quite uniform size, but smaller at apex. On the 
angles of the reticulations a series of short, stiff spines (%4inch objective). 


first stage.—Head bilobed, the lobes full, rounded ; clypeus large, 
mouth projecting. Colour shining, blackish, ocelli black, mouth brown ; 
width, .3 mm. Body, pale whitish-brown, shading into a milky colour 
dorsally. Warts small, black, hairs single from i. and ii. on joints 5-12, 
several from a wart on the others, pointed and very minutely spinulose. 
Cervical shield, thoracic feet and the abdominal ones outwardly, black. 


Second stage-—Hairs more numerous, several from each wart, black, 
bristly. Width of head, .4 mm., colour shiaing black. Body pale choco- 
late-brown, with a diffuse darker sub-dorsal band, and very faint narrow, 
pale dorsal line. Warts black. 


Third stage.—Head shining black ; width, .6 mm. Body dark black- 
ish-brown, with a flesh-coloured, narrow, dorsal line. Warts black ; hairs 
of different lengths, stiff, more abundant at the extremities than centrally, 
with a few long. white ones anteriorly. Slight white lines above warts iil. 
and iv. 


Fourth stage.—Dorsal space on joints 6-10 marked with brick-red 
around wart i.; dorsal line very narrow, pale ; lateral white lines obscure. 
Hair on joints 2-5 and 11-12, more abundant and longer than centrally ; 
black, the subventral hairs white. Width of head, .g mm. 


Fifth stage.—Head rather square, black ; width, 1.2 mm.- Body all 
black, with a narrow red dorsal line. Warts and thoracic feet shining. 
Hair black at ends, foxy-red centrally, the long anterior and posterior 
hair and most of the subventral ones pale, nearly white. 

Sixth, stage—Head as before; width, 1.9 mm. Body black, im- 
maculate, the warts shining ;, abdominal feet light reddish. Hair bristly, 
pointed, foxy-red, mixed with black, with a few long and pale ; subven- 
trai hair indistinctly paler than the rest, Spiracles small, white, 


308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Seventh stage.-—Head black, reddish at vertex ; width, 2.5 mm. Body 
as before, but the central lateral warts are brownish. Subventral hair 
scarcely paler. ; 


Lighth stage.—Black, the warts brown ; hair largely black, but : still 
partly foxy-red. Abdominal feet dull crimson ; spiracles reddish. Width 
of head, 3.4 mm. 


Ninth stage.—Hair all black, body sooty black, warts light-brown, 
spiracles white. Thoracic feet black, abdominal ones dull crimson. 
Head black, labrum and antenne pale; width, 4.5 mm. When full fed 
the larva hybernated until the folllowing June. It then spun a large 
transparent double cocoon of soft silk, mixed with a few hairs, and the 
moth emerged in July. 


Arachnis suffusa, Schaus. 

_ Egg.—Nearly spherical, but with flattened base, somewhat conoidal; 
diameter, .6 mm. Colour fleshy yellowish with a pearly-bluish lustre. 
Magnified 50 diameters the surface is covered with large shallow pits with 
ill-defined edges, not sharp enough to form reticulations. 

x * * * * 


Second (?) stage.—Head very pale yellowish, shining; the cluster of 
large ocelli black, mouth brown, a blackish shade at vertex ; width, .6 
mm. Warts quite large, but concolorous and inconspicuous, the hair 
bearing tubercles only black. Colour pale greenish-yellow, with a faint 
white dorsal line. Cervical shield small, lens-shaped, brownish. Warts 
ii. and iii. on joints 3, 4 and 12 tinged with dark orange. Hair fine, not 
abundant, brownish. 


Third stage.—As before; width of head, 1 mm. _ Traces of a black 
subdorsal line. Hair more abundant, mostly short, white, but mixed 
with a few very long hairs, some of which are black. Feet colourless. 


Fourth stage.—Head bilobed, brownish-yellow, ocelli black, mouth 
brownish, jaws black ; width, 1.45 mm. Body rather sordid green, the 
thoracic segments, and an area around wart iii. on joint 12, shaded with 
orange ; feet and venter whitish. A narrow, defined, white dorsal, lateral 
and substigmatal line, the lateral shaded above and below with black 
dottings, and enclosing the-warts of row iii. Warts large, concolorous, 
the hair granules black. Hair long, stiff and ‘straight, but fine, spinulose, 
white and black intermixed. Some hairs 8 mm. long. Length of larva, 
15 mm. _ Line of trachez evident. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309 








Fifth stage.—Head concealed beneath the hair of joint 2, pale brown- 
ish; width, 2.2 mm, Dorsal space whitish-gray, dorsal line white, 
narrow ; lateral space dark greenish-gray, pale at the extremities ; sub- 
ventral space greenish with sordid white subventral line. Warts large, 
pale, the hair granules black, row iv. slightly orange, distinctly so 
anteriorly and posteriorly, especially on joint 12. | Hair long, bristly but 
fine, abundant, black and white. 


Sixth stage—Head partly retracted below joint 2, its suture well- 
marked; orange-ochraceous, labrum and bases of antenhx yellow; 
width, 3 mm. Body gray, punctured and wrinkled with intermixed 
mottlings of fine white streaks and minute black dots. A poorly defined 
white dorsal line containing minute black dots ; subdorsal line obsolete, 
but its location marks a boundary, where the colour becomes darker 
gray laterally. Warts i.-iill, pearly gray, like the body, wart iv., 
orange. A bright yellow, broad substigmatal line ; wart v., slightly 
Orange ; vi., whitish with yellow bases. Thoracic feet coloured like the 
head, abdominal ones slightly orange-tinted. Hair dense, of quite even 
length, pointed, bristly, heavily spinulated, black and white about evenly 
mixed, though there is considerable variation in this respect in different 
larvee, some having the hair nearly all black. From the thoracic seg- 
ments and joints 12-13, a few white hairs of great length (15-17 mm.). 

eneral appearance neat, silvery-gray. When full fed, the larve spun 
slight cocoons and hybernated in them. Changed to pupz the following 
spring, and the moths emerged in June. 





SHALL WE USE THE NAME EUDRYAS? 
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 


So far as I have present references Berg is the first to use again the 
term Euthisanotia for Hudryas unio and allies in his paper on Argentine 
moths. Berg’s species is, however, as I have shown, not congeneric with 
unio, but belongs to my genus Copfidryas. More recently Neumoegen & 
Dyar use Euthisanotia and cite Boisduval’s Eudryas asasynonym. The 
facts appear to be these. Hiibner, in his Zutraege, 3rd Hundred (N. & 
D. call it ** Vol. III.”), p. 12, No. 216, fig. 431-2, describes and illus- 
trates Huthisanotia unio for the first time. He calls ita Noctua. Inthe 


310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





same Hundred (1825), a few pages further on, 39, No. 295, he describes 
Cramer’s ¢imais and refers it as congeneric with unio. His genus 
Luthisanotia thus comprises wnzio and ftimais. Timats was almost 
certainly autoptically unknown to Hiibner when he wrote the Verzeichniss ; 
he figures it in the Zutraege on account of Cramer’s defective figure 
(unrichtiges Bild). In the Verzeichniss Hubner refers ¢imais to Xan- 
thopastis, and this course leads Berg to suggest that this latter term should 
be used for ¢zmazs. Evidently in the Zutraege Hubner, corrects this 
reference, and, in effect, Xauthopastis is really a synonym of Poza, Hubn. 
The European species of Podi« show, yellow dottings (favicincta), and 
hence Hubner’s generic name. Cramer’s figure of ¢zmazs shows the 
yellow dottings of this species. Hubner lays his greatest stress on 
markings and colour, and so, in the Verzeichniss, Cramer’s species is 
catalogued with the European ‘‘ Po/ie.” Boisduval, in 1836, found thus 
two species of Euthisanotia, 1825. He took. uzio of the two generically. 
dissonant species as the type of his new genus Zudryas. Was he free to 
do so? Does the fact that. Hubner figures first (p. 12) w#zo, and then 
(p. 39) ¢émais, make unio the type of Luthisanotia? Or, is Euthisanotia, 
1825,-a mixed genus ? | 
The rule, as I understand it, with regard to mixed genera, is that the 
succeeding authority may take any of the species as the type. of the new 
genus, unless the original type is actually designated. This: is not the | 
case with Hubner’s genera, except by inference: in the Tentamen, where 
only one species is given, which is, of course, the type. . This makes the 
Tentamen so valuable. It is now generally known that Ochsenheimer 
and Treitschke’s genera are only catalogue names, and catalogue names 
for such mixed assemblages that the ‘‘type” is difficult to decide. But 
the Tentamen often gives us the key, by showing us the species for which 
such names as Agrotis, Apatela, Polia, etc., were originally intended. 
It is an error to assume that the first species in any of the Verzeichniss 
genera is the type. In seeking for the type, the student must study all 
subsequent authorities to find out all restrictions of the original term. 
Such restrictions of the original generic title for a mixed genus have the 
force of priority and. must be respected: A short and easy way is to refer 
to the origina! and take the first species as the type of a mixed genus, 
but this is a rough and insecure method. Inmy Buffalo List I have given 
some results of my. studies as to a few of the older Noctuid, genera, and 
these results, where my facts cannot be disputed, must be respected, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. = bd I 





The question as to Hudryas is rendered difficult by Hubner’s separ- 
ation of the species by several pages, but virtually it seems to me we have 
to do with a mixed genus. For the use of Zudryas for the type uno, we 
have, then, Boisduval, Harris, Packard, Walker and myself. _ For the use 
of Euthisanotia for.timais, we have the British Museum Catalogue and 


my own writings. 


Upon a related point, I would say that it is now held generally by 
European classificators that a change in a new specific or generic title 
itself or its limitation by an author in the same work or book, or, if a 
serial, in the same series of papers, or year or volume, must be 
respected. This would cover Guenée’s changes of specific names in the 
Species Genéral. We must therefore write Orthodes enervis, Catocala 
viduata, etc. To this extent at least authors may correct their original 
publication. There will be no valid objection then to the latter name 
Orthosia euroa, G.& R. This reading would inferentially show that 
Hubner’s reference of ¢imazs to Euthisanotia is sufficiently valid for its 
use as the type of the genus under Boisduval’s restrictive action in 1836. 
We may therefore continue, I think, to use Hudryas for unio and con- 
generic species. 


The question, I have admitted, is a difficult one, and the view I here 
take of it may be thought not entirely uninfluenced by my respect for the 
nomenclature of Harris’s Insects Injurious to Vegetation. Itis true I am 
unwilling to lose Zudryas from our lists ; but, if the case was quite clear, 
I should not be free to object. I desire also to show that questions as to 
generic types are not always easy to solve ; trey demand some thought, 
some study beyond the mere reference to a page in some book. In the 
present case Hubner’s prior reference of ¢/mazs to Xanthopastis,V erzeich- 
niss, 1818, adds to the difficulty. I think it not uninteresting to have 
followed Hubner’s action with regard to ¢imais. Evidently the yellow 
dots im Cramer’s figure led him to believe he had to do with a foreign 
species of Polia. Afterwards, when he recognized Cramer’s species in 
nature, he was evidently disappointed, and wished to correct the generic 
position of the moth. And, in his new reference, he is equally out of the 
way ; perhaps, indeed, his second mistake is greater than the first. Here 
again it is the gay colours cf ¢¢mais that make him ‘associate it with wzzo. 
Both are odd-looking moths, having a differing, while equally strange 
beauty. The notion that in wzzo and allies we have to do with aberrant 


ole THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





noctuids’ is not confined to Hubner. The form, the discal spots on 
primaries, the simple antenne make the view plausible, so that, not so 
long ago, Moeschler is of this opinion. I may remark that I have never 
seen so pale a specimen of ¢/mazs as that figured by Hubner. The pretty 
pink of the Spanish moth (which comes up tous in the Middle States from 
the South, blown against our light houses along the coast) has all faded 
out on Hubner’s plate. Are there two species as suspected by Gueneé 
from alcoholic larve? My first specimen of ¢zmazs was given to me by 
my old friend, Mr. W. H. Edwards, and I fell a victim to its attractions 
to the extent of redescribing it. IfI had then conceived my theory of the 
migration of moths during the summer, following the gulf stream and the 
prevalent direction of the wind, from south to north, I should not have 
made my mistake. While Dr. Thaxter shows that ¢zmazs breeds in 
Florida, it is still a tropical Gortynid form and contrasts with the rest of 
our North American Noctuide, which generally favour the European type. 


NOTES ON SOME SOUTH-WESTERN HEMIPTERA. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 


In the Canapian ENTOMOLOGIST, 1892, pp. 193-197, the writer pub- 
lished some notes on New Mexico Heteroptera and Homoptera. The 
notes on the fifty-three species in the present paper are additional and 
complete the list, so far as the names can be obtained, of all the Hemip- 
tera collected by the writer in New Mexico and Arizona. 

In seven cases there are no localities attached to the species. This 
is because the numbers of those species were returned to me in such 
confusion by Dr. Skinner that they can not be connected with the data 
referring to them. 

It should be mentioned that the Homoptera and Heteroptera are not 
separated in the list, but are arranged together in alphabetical order. 

Acanonia bivittata, Say.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. 
July 8 and rr, 1892. Two. Det. Uhler. 

Agalliastes sp.2—Soledad Canon, Oregon Mts., N. Mex. May 23, 


1891. One. A small black capsid, with extremity of wing covers glassy. 
Eyes red. Det. Uhler. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 813 





Anasa tristis—lLas Cruces, N.-Mex. July and August. Very 
numerous on college farm, causing death of squash plants. Also received 
from Eddy, N. Mex. 

Anasa Uhleri, Sial—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Often mistaken for the 
squash bug, 4. ¢réstis. Det. Uhler. 

Apiomerus spissipes, Say.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Several. Det. 
Uhler and Riley. 

Brochymena annulata, Fab.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Several speci- 
mens. Det. Riley. 

Brochymena obscura, H. Schf.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 12. On 
Prosopis juliflora, on mesa. One. Det. Uhler. 

Bythoscopus pallidus, Fitch.—Det. Uhler. 

Campylenchia curvata, Fab.—Det. Uhler. 

Capsid (new to Nat. Mus. Coll.)—Continental Divide, Tenaja, N. 
Mex. August 2, 1892. Two. Det. Riley. 

Chelinidea vittigera, Uhler.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. 
July 10. One. Det. by comparison. 

Crcadula, sp.—Eddy, N. Mex. Sept. 1, 1891. Received specimens 
of this leaf-hopper from Mr. F. E. Downs, with report that they were 
doing much injury to potato vines. It is a small species, much resem- 
bling the vine Zyphdocyba, and is about 3% mm. long. Det. Riley. 

Clastoptera delicata, Uhler.—Det. Uhler. 

Compsocerocoris annulicornis, Proct.—Det. Uhler. 

Conorhinus, sp.—Los Palomos, N. Mex. June 14, 1892. One. A 
dark-brown reduviid. Det. Riley. 

Corimelaena extensa, Uhl.—Cedar Ranch, Arizona. July 6, 1892. 
Oa Nicotiana, sp. (See Psyche, 1893, Pp. 547-548.) 

Coriscus ferus, L.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 9 to 28,1891. Many 
swept from alfalfa. A small grayish reduviid-like species. Det. Uhler. 

Corizus hyalinus, Fab.—G Bar Ranch, Zuni river, Arizona. | July 27, 
1892. One. A Mysius-like heteropter. Det. Riley. 

Cydnus (?) obliguus, Uhler.—Grant County, N. Mex., (W. J. Howard, 
1882). Two. Det. Riley. 

Darnis, sp.2—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Det. Uhler. 

Diplodus luridus, Stal. Det. Uhler. 


314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Euschistus fissilis, Uhler var.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 8 to 12, 
1891. ‘On alfalfa. Det. Uhler. 


Euschistus servus, Say.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail, part 
way up towards the rim. July 8 and 12. Two. Det. Uhler. Las 
Cruces, N. Mex. July 8, 1891. One on cabbage on college farm. 
Reported to occur occasionally on cabbages. Det. Riley. 


Gargaphia opacula, Uhler.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. July 16, 18or. 
A single adult, with a large number of young, of this small grayish species 
was taken on under side of leaves of very young egg plants. The plants 
were badly infested with the young, and showed abundant evidence of 
their work. Det. Uhler. This species was described by Mr. Uhler in his 
report on the Heteroptera of the Death Valley Expedition, from one 
specimen from the Argus Mts., California. Mr. Uhler examined the Las 
Cruces (adult) specimen in 1892, before receiving the Death Valley 
material, but did not venture to describe it at that time from the single 
specimen. 

Geocoris punctipes, Say.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May g to 28, r8or. 
On alfalfa. Some are almost black, but are determined by Mr. Uhler as 
same. A pair zz coitu of lighter ones, May 28. Det. Uhler. 


Hadronema, sp.—Cocanini Plateau, Arizona. Twelve miles north of 
Cedar Ranch, on road to Grand Canon. July 6, 1892. Two beaten 
from Atriplex canescens, with 1. militaris. This is a larger species than 
the latter. Det. Riley. 


Hadronema militaris, Uhl.—Cocanini Plateau, Arizona. Twelve 
miles north of Cedar Ranch, on road to Grand Canon. July 6, 1892. 
Several specimens beaten from Az¢riplex canescens. Det. Riley. 


Harmostes propinguus, Stal.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Det. Uhler. 


Harmostes reflexulus, Say var.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 28, 1891, 
One swept from alfalfa. A green reduviid-like species. Det. Uhler. 


Lameria collaris, Uhler.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. 
July 8. One. A very small bluish species, with pale yellowish face and 
sternum. Eyes black, wings bluish. Det. Uhler. : 


Largus cinctus, H. Schf. var.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Common. 
Det. Uhler. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315 





Lioderma congrua, Uhi.—-Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 8, 1891. Two 
adults of this fine green species on alfalfa. July 16, 1891. One taken 
on cabbage on college farm. Det. Uhler. On Nov. 13, 1892, there was 
taken on Sa/ix longifolia in Alameda, a specimen very similar to this 
species, but distinct. It may be Zhyanta custator, F., but is much 
lighter green. 


Lyctocoris campestris, Fab.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. (?). Number lost, 
which makes the locality doubtful. Det. Riley. 


Lygaeus bistriangularis, Say.—Chaves, N. Mex. August 6, 1892. 
One. Det. Riley. 


Lygaeus Kalmit, Stal.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Det. Uhler. 


Lygaeus reclivatus, Say.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. July 8, 1891. On 
squash on college farm. Previously taken on various plants, mostly on 
flowers of Aster spinosus. Belen, N. Mex. August 7,,1892. One. 
Grant Co., N. Mex. (W. J. H.), One. Det. Riley. 


Melanocoryphus facetus, Say.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 8, 1891. 
One on alfalfa. May 23, one on ground in Soledad Canon. May 24, 
one on ground on plain to east of Organ Mts. Det: Uhler and Riley. 


Membracid.—Cocanini Piateau, twelve miles north of Cedar Ranch, 
Arizona. July 6. <A long-horned tree-hopper found in numbers on the 
stems of Aidellia tagetina. They doubtless suck its juices. 


Metapodius granulosus, Dallas.—Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., N. Mex. 
May 23 and 24, 1891. Three inside head, at bases of leaves of a century 
plant (Agave), up a north side branch of the Canon. The Agave was 
probably 4. Parryz. Det. Uhler. 


Murgantia histrionica.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Numerous in July on 
Chinese cabbages on college farm. Eggs and newly hatched young 
observed July 16. it 


Narnia femorata, Stal.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. July 
1o. Three. Det. Uhler. 


Narnia pallidicornis, Stal—lLas Cruces, N. Mex. One. A grayish- 
brown bug resembling Leffog/ossus. Det. Riley. 


316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Nezara marginata, Beauv.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. 
July 11 to 12, 1892. A bright green pentatomid. Found in numbers 
on the thin green pods of Cercis occidentalis, a round-leafed leguminous 
tree. From 2,000 to 3,000 feet below the rim. They were found only 
on this tree, and doubtless pierce the pods. Adults and nymphs. Det. 
Uhler. 

LVotonecta mexicana, Amyot.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. 
July 8 to rz. Common in the stream. Larvee and nymphs also taken. 
Det. Uhler. 

Oecleus decens, Stal Las Cruces, N. Mex. Aug. 19. One on stalk 
of Helianthus annuus. Aug. 21, one on Xanthium leaf. Det. Uhler. 

Ormenis pruinosa, Say.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. July 


8. One. A grayish-brown homopter. Det. Uhler. 

Phymata Wolffit, Stal— Las Cruces, N. Mex. Common. Also Grand 
Canon, Arizona. Hance trail, near rim, July 11 and 12. Det. Uhler. 

Resthenia sp.?—Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., N. Mex. May 23, 
1891. Four specimens on thistle, mostly on the flowers. A beautiful 
black and deep red capsid. The antennz were missing, which made the 
determination uncertain. Det. Uhler. 

Salda interstitialis, Say.—Det. Uhler. 

Scolops sp. >—Las Cruces, N. Mex. A long-horned tree hopper. On 
herbage. Det. Uhler. 

Spilatonius geniculatus, Stal.—Grant County, N. Mex. (W. J. H.). 
One. A pale-coloured diplodid. Det. Riley. 

Stiretrus anchorago, Fab. (Nymph).—Las Cruces, N. Mex. August 
19, 1891. Several nymphs of this pentatomid taken on Helianthus 
annuus. The nymph is jet black, with a large red spot. The larve are 
almost wholly black. No adults. Det. Riley. . 

Thyanta custator, Fab. and var.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Nov. 13. 
One. A light green pentatomid, with five very faint orange flecks on each 
edge of abdomen. Det. Riley.—Var. Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 8, 1891. 
One on alfalfa. Wholly of a clear light green. Det. Uhler. 





CORRIGENDA. 
Page 251, line 21 from top, for “‘ Limer,” read, Zimm. 
Page 254, line 25 from top, ‘“‘One of the types of this species,” should 
precede, “ 4. fumatus,” etc., as it refers to B. punctatissimus. 
Page 256, line 16 from top, for ‘ (rods),” read, pods. 
Page u« line 3 from bottom, for ‘‘ back,” read, bark. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ol7 





NOTES ON NOVA SCOTIAN DRAGONFLIES. 


BY PHILIP P. CALVERT, PHILADELPHIA, PA., AND WILLIAM SHERATON, 
TORONTO. 


(In 1889 and 1890, Mr. William Sheraton, of Wycliffe College, Toronto, 
collected some Odonata at Pictou, Nova Scotia, for me. At the end of 
the collecting season of 1889, he sent me a letter containing his field notes 
on the specimens captured. These observations are so interesting, in my 
opinion, that any publication in which they appear ought also to bear Mr. 
Sheraton’s name as joint author. He has kindly acceded to my wish in 
this respect, although modestly protesting that his part has ‘‘ been only 
such as any child could have done.” All notes in the present paper 
concerning localities, habits and dates are to be credited to Mr. Sheraton, 
while I am responsible for the determinations and the few bibliographical 
notes. With the exception of Aeschna constricta, none of the species 
mentioned below had been recorded from Nova Scotia previous to Mr. 
Sheraton’s taking them, although I have since cited the locality, for some 
of the species, in various papers—P. P. C.) 


The dragonflies which I obtained in Pictou were, with few exceptions, 
from three localities, (1) a small, shallow, weedy pond in an open field— 
“ Simpson’s pond”; (2) a small, boggy brook, full of rushes, etc., in a 
back pasture (marked on envelopes, ‘‘ Brook north of Priest’s Barn,” or 
‘‘ Mr. Simpson’s back pasture”); (3) a much larger and deeper pond, 
surrounded on every side but one with a thick second growth of spruce 
(marked “ Pond on Back Road near the ‘ Boar’s Back”). Most of the 
kinds I got were found in all three localities, but they all appeared to 
have some preference in the matter. 


Lestes unguiculata, Hagen. Pasture, Aug. 21, 1889. 


Lestes uncata, Kirby (hamata, Selys, 1862.) June 19, 1889, common 
about Simpson’s Pond and the boggy brook, and I think were also found 
at the larger pond, although I have not recorded the capture of any 
specimens there. July 23, 1889, the pasture ; also 1890. 


Enallagma ebrium, Hagen. Exceedingly abundant from the begin- 
ning (June rg, 1889) to the end of the season in the first locality, and 
quite abundant also about the boggy brook, particularly in the earlier 
part of the summer, and at points where it broadened into small pools 
with more or less open water. They were also abundant at the larger 
pond by the Boar’s Back (a great ridge of gravel, running for some miles 


318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





through the country, and apparently the shore of a now vanished lake) on 
the one occasion on which I was able to visit it, July 23. 

Cordulegaster diastatops, Selys. One male, June 24, 1889, brook. 

Aeschna constricta, Say. Two males, July 26, 1889; one female, 
Sept. 2, 1889, may belong here or to the next species. First noticed 
towards the end of June, and during the remainder of my stay in Pictou 
was frequently seen everywhere, often far from water, but was difficult to 
catch. Two of the specimens I sent you were captured in rather unusual 
ways. One I knocked down with a stick, as I was walking along the 
road one evening, and I picked him up before he succeeded in picking 
himself up. The other alighted upon me one morning when I was 
standing on a ladder untying a clothes line, in such a way that when I 
lowered my arm (quite unconscious of its presence) it was held securely 
between my arm and my side. This latter occurrence seemed to me 
rather indicative of stupidity in the insect, other specimens of which I 
have known to fly almost in my face when I was not endeavoring to 
catch them. On the other hand they “dodged” the net with great skill, 
and on one occasion having found two hovering over a brook, at which I 
had seen them, when without a net, some hours before, having captured 
one, I made an unsuccessful sweep at the second, which had flown away 
a short distance on my scooping in the first, and then returned, when it 
flew straight away from the brook and did not return, at least to that part, 
although I waited for some time. 

Aeschna clepsydra, Say. Three males, July 26, 1889. All my three 
specimens were taken at the deep pond near the Boar’s Back, but I think 
I have also seen them in other localities, and fying about the country 
like the preceding species, from which it is, when on the wing, to me, 
indistinguishable at a short distance. (Two of these males are cited in a 
paper on this species in Aut. Mews, Vol. V., p. II.) 

Somatochlora Walshit, Scudder. One female, July 23, 1889. I 
found one female laying her eggs in a little bit of open water, so surrounded 
and overarched by rushes that her movements were much restricted. 
(This female, which still remains the only known individual of its sex, has 
been described by the first of the two authors of the present paper in 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xvii., p. 33, 1890, with a supplementary note in 
Ent. News, iii., p. 23, 1892.) 

Libellula quadrimaculata, Linné. One female, July 24, pasture ; two 
males, one female, July 26, 1889, Abundant in all three localities, but 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319 





about the shallow pond I never succeeded in catching a single specimen. 
They “dodged” every time. I captured one which had alighted on a 
stump near the boggy brook, but as I was taking it out of the net it 
grabbed my finger savagely, whereat I was so taken aback that I let him 
slip from my fingers, when he, of course, lost no time in “ making himself 
scarce.” After this I made many vain attempts to capture specimens of 
this kind, but got none. On visiting the pond near the Boar’s Back, 
however, I succeeded in capturing three, stealing up and sweeping them 
in suddenly when they were close under the steep bank at one side of the 
pond. Five males, one female, 1890—pond half a mile east of Boar’s 
Back, July 12. 


Leucorhinia proxima, Calvert. Two males, July 26, 1889. I saw 
none, to my knowledge, away from the pond by the Boar’s Back, where 
the two specimens I’sent you where taken. (These were two of the 
types of the original description of this species in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 
Xvil., p. 38, 1890.) One male, 1890. 

Leucorhinia hudsonica, Seiys. One male, one female, June 25, 1889 ; 
I never saw any but the two specimens I sent you, which were taken in 
locality No. 2. (These two were the types of what was too hastily 
baptized Leucorhinia Hageni, n., sp., with the first of us as sponsor, in 
Trans.\ Am. Ent. Soc., xvii., p. 36, Jan., 1890, and as promptly buried in 
Ent. News, i., p. 73, May, 1890. If there were any hopes of a revivifi- 
cation, it is only necessary to add that in July, 1890, on the occasion of a 
visit to Cambridge, Dr. Hagen and myself compared this couple with 
types of LZ. hudsonica in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and satisfied 
ourselves that they were specifically identical.) 

Leucorhinia intacta, Hagen. Six males, July 12, 1890—pond half a 
mile east of Boar’s Back. 

Diplax rubicundula, Say. June 25, July 24, Aug. 21, 1889. 

Diplax obtrusa, Hagen. July 24, 1889. 


(Mr. Sheraton’s notes refer to these two very similar species together. ) 
No. 7 (specimens of D. rudicundula taken June 25) was abundant in all 
three of the places in which most of my collecting was done, but especially 
so about the boggy brook, where I first saw it. They were easily caught. 
They had a curious habit of rising suddenly from the weeds about the 
brook, flying along a short distance not far off the ground, and then 
alighting upon it like a locust. The likeness to the latter insect in so 
doing was much increased by their size, colour, and by their flight, which 


320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











was slow and unsteady fora dragonfly. (The colours of the specimens 
taken June 25 are pale, indicating recent transformation, a condition 
which explains the peculiarities of the flight). 

Kind No. 10 (older individuals of D. rudicundula and D.: obtrusa) 
did not appear until late in July, but speedily became very abundant, and 
during the last part of the summer was by all odds the most common 
species, even outnumbering the little EZvallagma ebrium at Simpson’s 
Pond. The back of the abdomen of this species in life was of a brilliant 
red. 

It may be well to add, by way of postcript, that the species of Odonata, 
other than those named above, which have been recorded from Nova 
Scotia are, with the original place of record :— 

Lestes disguncta, Selys, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. (2), XIII, p. 303, 
1862. 

Gomphus parvulus, Selys, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., XXIL., pt. 2, p. 56, 
1854; in his Monog. Gomph., p. 158, 1858, the locality is given as based 
on ‘fun male dans la collection du British Museum.” 

Cordulegaster maculatus, Selys, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg. (2), XLVL, p. 
690, 1878 (Cape Breton): 

Somatochlora elongata, Scudder. saturata, Hagen (no descr.), Syn. 
Neur. N. A., p. 138, 1861, *‘Selys’ collection,” Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2), 
XXXI., p. 293, 1871, cites the Nova Scotian specimen as in the British 
Museum. : 

Somatochlora forcipata, Scudd. chalybea, Hagen (no descript.), Syn. 
Neur. N. A., p. 138, 1861, ‘‘Selys’ collection ”. 

Somatochlora tenebrosa, Say. tenebrica, Hag. (no descr.) Syn. Neur. 
N. A., p. 138, 1861, “ Selys’ collection ”. 

Tetragoneuria semiaguea, Burm. Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 
SVT. op. Ob Pans... Selyse. 

Cordulia Shurtleffi, Scud. bifurcata, Hagen (no descr.), Syn. Neur. 
N. A., p. 137, 1861, ‘ Selys’ collection ”. 

Leucorhinia glacialis, Hagen, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII., p. 234, 
1890, (Cape Breton), 

The precise localities are not given in these records quoted, 

There is much reason to think that the Odonate fauna of Nova Scotia 
embraces many more species than the twenty-two known at the present 
‘time to inhabit the Province. . 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 321 





A STUDY OF THE GENUS MENISCUS. 


BY G. C. DAVIS, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH. 


Synopsis of species.* 
Abdomen entirely black or with white margins of segments. 
Femora rufous or honey yellow. 
Antenne with yellowish annulus............sses00: sass Bethunet, Cr. 
Antenne without yellowish annulus. 
Areolet present. 
Abdominal segments without white margins. 
Pleuree more or less rufous, yellow spots before and 
beneath tegule ........ NG sea eer et aber scutellaris, CR. 
Pleurze black, a yellow spot before and beneath tegule 
NAO .. superbus, PROV. 
Pleurze lacie: Laehautt aoa ahaihior: or beneath tegulz 
.. parva, CR. 
Abaniennal: laeene Ramat with ane pulchtorii CK 
Areolet wanting. 


Mesothorax more cr less rufous......... ostentator, N. sp. 
Mesothorax black and yellow...............mirabilis, CR. 


Femora black, areolet present ..° 0... we ee ee se LOSSONE, Te, SB. 

Abdomen rufous, black at base. 

Areolet present, antennz without annulus. 
Posterior femora black with yellow markings........e/egans, CR. 
Posterior femora rufous. fries oe wp pie ss ta COMPLE, MYST, 
Areolet wanting, antennze with ‘bite hs . Michiganensis, n. sp. 
‘Abdomen black, banded with yellow at base of segments....... 
.. Johnsonii, n. sp. 
MENISCUS OSTENTATOR, DN. Sp. 


@. Length, 75 mm.; ovipositor, 7 mm. Black, polished; with 
orbital lines from occiput to middle of eyes in front, cheeks, clypeus, 
mandibles except tip, palpi, gula, cuneiform lines on mesonotum, tegule, 
spot in front, lines beneath extending irregularly back to posterior cox, 
sides of scutellum, line on lower pleure between anterior and middle 
cox, prosternum, anterior coxe, middle and posterior coxz except a 
black dash above and large spot inside, all the trochanters except black 





* Mentscus Ashmeadiz, PRov., and M. marginatus, PROV., belong to Pzmpla 
annulipes. 


322 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








base, posterior tibiz except black annulus near base and black extremity, 
and tips of the abdominal segments beyond the first, yellowish-white. 
Remainder of legs fulvous, with a black spot at the base of all the femora 
and an annulus near the tip of the posterior femora; tarsi dusky. 
Antenne long, slender, black. Wings hyaline, without areolet. Meso- 
sternum and meso-and metapleure rufous. Metanotum smooth, oval, 
coarsely punctured, with one small circular transverse carina near the. 
abdomen. First segment of the abdomen shining, 2 and 3 finely punc- 
tured. g with the abdomen as inthe 2. The head is yellow except 
the central part of the vertex and occiput, which are black. Pronotum 
and a spot on the front edge of mesonotum, black ; remainder of meso- 
notum rufous, with yellow markings as in the @; scutellum, pleure and 
venter, yellowish-white. Antenne reddish-brown, with scape beneath 
yellow. Legs same as in @ except more yellow. 

Described from 3 2? @ andr ¢ taken at the Michigan Agricultural 
College. 

MENISCUS SLOsSONe, n. Sp. 

@. Length, 12 mm.;-ovipositor, 8 mm. Black, with lemon-yellow 
markings as follows: orbits, two more or less united Jongitudinal stripes 
on the front, cheeks at base of mandibles, mouth except tip of mandibles, 
tegule, minute spot beneath and dash in front, sometimes wanting, Von 
scutellum, post-scutellum, central spot on metanotum, tips of abdominal 
segments 1, 2 and 3, and sometimes base of the first. Legs yellow, with 
all the coxee, and posterior legs with first joint of the trochanter, femora 
except tip and base, tibize except base, and tarsi, black. Antenne black. 
Apex of wings infumated; areolet large, petiolate. Thorax and head 
coarsely and closely punctured, metanotum rough. Abdomen shining, 
smooth. 

Described from 3 @ specimens collected at the top of Mount Wash- 
ington, N. H., by Mrs. Annie Trumbul! Slosson, to whom I take 
pleasure in dedicating this species. 


MENISCUS COMPTUS, 0. sp. 


9. Length, 8 mm.; ovipositor,6mm. Black, with abdomen beyond 
second segment rufous. Orbital lines nearly enclosing base of antenne, 
face, except three short black dashes just beneath antennz, mouth, gula, 
nearly all of prothorax, tegule, line beneath, long line in front confluent 
with triangular spot on mesonotum, spot in front of scutellum, scutellum 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 323 





except a small wedge in front, post-scutellum, a large irregular diagonal 
spot on mesopleura, spot beneath posterior wing, circular spot just back 
and above, semicircle around insertion of abdomen with a ray extending 
forward from each coxa, and a third from the abdomen, base and apex 
of the first two abdominal segments, 4 anterior coxe and trochanters, 
stripe on posterior coxz above and second joint of posterior trochanter, 
yellowish-white. Posterior cox and first joint of trochanter black ; 
posterior tarsi dusky at tips; remainder of legs honey-yellow. Antenne 
black, fulvous toward the tip. Wings hyaline, infumated at the apex ; 
areolet small, petiolate. Entire thorax coarsely, but not closely, punc- 
tured. Abdomen smooth, shining, 


Described from 2 ? 9 collected at the Michigan Agricultural College. 


Meniscus MICHIGANENSIS, ND. sp. 


2. Length, 1o mm.; ovipositor,8 mm. Black, with yellow markings; 
abdomen beyond second segment rufous. Broad orbital lines, entire 
front, scape beneath, annulus on antenne, mouth except tips of mandibles, 
gula, entire prothorax, tegule, line beneath, large triangular spot in front 
confluent with a cuneiform line on mesonotum, extending back nearly to 
the scutellum, venter except anterior part of mesosternum, with a con- 
tinuation of the same on to the pleure, ending in a large hook beneath 
the wings, metapleure and two lines above joining posteriorly, base, apex 
and a large spot in the centre of the first abdominal segment, base and 
apex of second segment, connected by a longitudinal line, lemon-yellow. 
Posterior femora rufous ; 4 posterior trochanters black at base, and coxe 
with black stripe above ; 2 hind coxe black inside ; extremity of posterior 
tibiz, and basal joint of tarsi, except tip, black ; remainder of legs lemon- 
yellow. Wings hyaline without areolet. Antenne brown, black above. 
Thorax and face coarsely, but not closely, punctured. Abdomen smooth, 
shining. 

Described from 1 ¢ taken at the Michigan Agricultural College. 


? MENISCUS JOHNSONII, n. sp. 


?. Length, rr mm.; ovipositor, 1.5 mm. Black, with yellowish- 
white markings, as follows: Entire head, except occiput, spot enclosing 
ocelli and antenn, narrow central line beneath, reaching to clypeus, and 
tips of mandibles ; prosternum ; mesothorax with two cuneiform lines on 
margins of mesonotum, two stripes in front of scutellum, scutellum except 
posterior part and spot in front, two spots beneath primary wings and 


324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 





another in front of middle cox, posterior part of mesosternum ; meta- 
thorax with a transverse row of 5 spots across the anterior part and 3 
across the posterior part ; abdomen with first segment to spiracles and a 
short line in centre beyond, broad band at base of second and third seg- 
ments, narrower band at base of succeeding segments and entire venter. 
Antenne wanting. Legs honey-yellow, except 4 anterior coxze beneath, 
which are whitish, joints 3, 4 and 5 of middle tarsi, which are dusky, and’ 
apical] third of posterior tibiz and basal fourth of first tarsal joint, which 
are black. Wings hyaline, somewhat infumated around the apical margin; 
areolet wanting. Entire thorax punctured, metanotum rugose. Abdomen 
somewhat clavate, smooth and polished. 


Owing to the short ovipositor and shape of abdomen, this species 
will probably belong to a new genus, and is only temporarily placed here. 

Described from 1 specimen taken at Jamesburg, New Jersey, by Mr. 
Chas. W. Johnson, to whom I take pleasure in dedicating this species, as 
a slight token of thanks for the many valuable specimens of Ichneumonidz 
sent me. 


NEW SPECIES OF TENTHREDINIDA, WITH TABLES OF 
THE SPECIES OF STRONGYLOGASTER AND 
MONECTENUS. 


BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


The following descripfions are offered, preparatory to publishing a 
list of the saw-flies of the Upper Cayuga Lake Fauna. The types are in 
the Entomological Collection of Cornell University. 


Ca.Liroa, Costa. 


Caliroa Nortonia, n. sp. Body entirely black, head finely, densely 
punctate, clypeus emarginate, antenne black, broad, of the same width 
throughout, third segment one-third longer than fourth, fourth and fifth 
subequal in length, sinus each side of the ocelli reaching the back of the 
head, from each side of the lateral sinuses there is another sinus starts 
off behind the posterior ocelli, crossing back of the median ocellus and 
running down each side of this ocellus for a short distance, where it 
becomes obsolete ; tegule and collar very narrowly dull white, thorax 
and abdomen glossy black ; legs white, coxe, trochanters, basal half 
anterior and basal two-thirds of middle and posterior femora black, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 320 





posterior tibia with a band at apex, and posterior tarsus except base of 
metatarsus, brown; wings hyaline, veins and stigma black, costa at 
immediate base white, first submarginal cross-vein distinct. Length, 7 mm. 

Habitat—McLean, N. Y. 1 ¢ 30th May, 1890. 

This species is readily separated from ovdsoleta by the crossing sinus 
on the front, the colour of the femora, and the larger size. The species 
is dedicated to Mr. Edward Norton, the well-known student of American 
Tenthredinide. 

STRONGYLOGASTER, Dahlb. 


1. Lanceolate cell with a cross-line. . 


Lanceolate without a cross-line. ofa) SED IDE ae Cth iste stbaea cs Wks 
2. Under wings with incomplete outer eos if complete, no 
cross-vein in cell in front of lanceolate ay iy De Ae ECS 
Under wings with complete outer cells, and with a cross-vein 
in cell in front of lanceolate cell ...............pémguis, Nort. 
pote EMR EMMCES LYN THAME PILE ek 2 i ara ot abet anos ahs ite oa Ste ngewe sd sts Cieeeat Bods 
Peri Mile: WINOIw DIAG haat Sua Stat in ave blauerate ke aud 3 4 oR Aree: 
eer TBC MIN RN Ped Ley eH ied PEM eel crn, of seca ain e Sy hnvie Ss sealy Cdcaem Wal mec AG 
ARIbEINGs ale ak DASE tas shag ain Nae ww diaccld ida Aes CaRODICONE, DAN: 
Rp ReEaCK KESEARECUUSI SS soem s pea «oa Stomp ec n tates Seanere Oe Se Mas 
Head black. . MACE : : : re 


6. Median We of ‘giesbihioeae: taee nitcaiad sath elite 
Berea ace eet ON, oo GOR UAE Get a) a, kth ath SECON ...mellosus, Say. 
Median lobe of mesothorax rufous..............terminalis, Say. 


7. Eyes margined before and behind with black........ apicalis, Say. 
, Eyes margined with white or rufous in part................ 8. 


8. Eyes margined before and behind with white. .pad/dicornis, Nort. 
Eyes margined behind with rufous, black in front. .rafocuZus, n. sp. 
g. Lanceolate cell of posterior wings not attaining the margin, an 


appendiciilate veimvatvapex . soi5'. sect. . ay so. « @ONOF MS, PIOV. 
Lanceolate cell attaining the margin, not with an PARES 

idte velnvat apex... 0040"... eae tet erie Nak fe RS PON oP 

to. Eyes partly sed with ani ier ee fis Cress. 

Eyes wholly margined with black. BA LCL SO Ie em ae 

tr, All the coxe and trochanters white: whe AES oe 

Some of the coxe and trochanters Bhack, or in eat beck Bhai 13. 

B22 OCU BOM UNIT WEA ees tes enacted F.2d wicie x co 5, PAGLECOLES, ETOVs 


CULE IMIG WME terres te tae on) Saye vs chin es FORIMUS;, POV. 


35 


ig. 


21. 


22. 


23. 


24. 


2h: 


26. 


27. 


28. 


29. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Abdomen entirely black.. 


Abdomen transversely banded aioe nie aes or yellow.. 
. All the femora rufous.... 


The femora in part black...... 


SUM AAPENIDER DALE AL IASC, 2)-/acuscaspemaemia e925 5205 on eg 


. Scutellum black. 


Scutellum white. .. pi 
Basal abdominal segment ialiy blaees 


Basal abdominal segment not wholly ieee sage 


Femora black at base...... 
Femora rufous. . 

Coxz wholly black. 

Coxze waxen-yellow at apex.. 


we OP ic Pray, 
. .proximus, Prov. 


@ 8) 9/8, \0 [eke e) "sakes 


.. rubripes, Cress. 
‘pba 


..rufocinctus, Nort. 
... tibialis, Cress. 
.. rufescens, Nort. 


Antenne entirely black...... 16. 
. Tnorax reddish-yellow.......... ...unicus, Nort. 
Thorax black.... ie hed % 
. Abdomen wholly rufous. ..tacitus, Say. 
Abdomen in part black. zee 18. 
. Abdominal segments two to Pour vane ies Se 19. 
Abdominal segments two to four in part black............. 24. 
. Coxe wholly pale. . $203 
Coxe entirely or in sate binee. 20. 


. eee 
22. 


..annulosus, Nort. 
..Juctuosus, Prov. 
.. dmpressatus, Prov. 


. .congulus, Nort. 


Abdominal segments yellow at ae sacl ‘flack at apex 
_.multicinctus, Nort. 
Redd cntAel: Neeinents bles at Peicd ue vakow at apex, or with 


only the two basal segments black... 
Coxe wholly rufous. 
Coxe in part black. . 
Abdomen with the two saga Pencnis Bleek. 


Abdomen with the two basal segments not wasoll Mice: 


Legs waxen-yellow, 


hem 

SOK vinulains Prov. 
26. 

= BHs 
tg 
Bn Nort. 


Femora in part black at pee ‘ mate with a nee of hairs at 


apex. . 


Abieeatnal eonseats aiely ened with ae 


Rss: MacG. 
. .politus, Prov. 


Abdominal segments with the apical half testaceous or reddish- 


yellow... 


Coxze eae black. 
Coxe pale at apex... 


: 20) 


..annulosus, Nort. 


..aistans, Nort. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 327 





Strongylogaster rufoculus, n. sp. Head black, clypeus and labrum 
white, labrum broadly rounded, a prominent rufous spot behind each eye, 
antenne black, segments six to nine white, the third segment one-third 
longer than the fifth, sinus at side of ocelli not reaching the back of the 
head ; thorax black, the tegule rufous ; apex of the abdominal segments 
slightly darker, basal plates black; legs rufous, cox black, posterior 
cox slightly marked with yellow, anterior and middle trochanters black, 
posterior yellow, femora and tibize rufous, posterior femora slightly 
marked with black at apex, tarsi yellow ; wings slightly yellowish, veins 
brown, costa at base of stigma yellow, apex of stigma brown, lanceolate 
cell with an oblique cross-nervure, posterior wings with two middle cells, 
outer cells incomplete. Length, 11 mm. 


Habitat—Ithaca, N. Y. 3 2 9, June 5-10, 1890. 


Strongylogaster primativus, MacG., should more properly be referred 
to Tenthredopsis, having the cross-vein of the lanceolate cell perpendicular 
or wanting, and the third and fourth segments of the antenne equal. 


BIVENA,* gen. nov. 


Wings with three marginal and four submarginal cells, the first 
marginal cell receiving the two anterior submarginal cross-veins and the 
second the third, the second and third submarginal cells each receiving a 
recurrent nervure, lanceolate cell open at the shoulder, subcontracted at 
middle with a cross-vein near the apex, subcosta wanting, posterior wings 
with two middle cells, the cross-vein closing the apex of the anterior one 
runs to the margin of the wing at about one-third the width of the cell, 
thence follows around the margin of the wing to the vein forming the 
posterior side of the cell; antennz nine-jointed, filiform, reaching to 
about the base of the abdomen, the segments all of the same width, head 
as wide as the thorax, very slightly dilated behind the eyes ; abdomen 
about as long as the head and thorax, somewhat widened at middle, 
ovipositor stout, of the usual type of Macrophya. Type, Bivena maria, 
sp. nov. 

A very interesting genus, belonging to the subfamily Tenthredine. 
Easily separated from both the Lydiinze and Xyliinze by the absence of 
subcosta, from the former by the nine-jointed antenne and from the latter 
in not having the ovipositor greatly exserted and the basal segments of 
the antenne dilated. 








*Bis, twice ; vena, vein. 


328 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Bivena maria, sp. nov. Head black, with white on the anterior 
orbits, beneath the eyes, around the immediate base of the antenne, a 
quadrangular spot between the antenne, the clypeus, and the labrum ; 
antenne brownish-yellow, the third segment slightly longer than fourth, 
fourth and fifth subequal, clypeus truncate, sinus each side of the ocelli, 
reaching the posterior part of the head ; the tegul, collar narrowly, the 
scutellum, cenchri, and apex of the basal plates, yellow ; abdomen rufous, 
the basal half of the first segment and three apical segments, including 
the ovipositor sheath, black ; legs yellow, the anterior and middle coxz 
slightly at base, the posterior above and below, and the posterior tibia at 
apex, black ; wings hyaline, veins brown, including the costa, stigma 
black, lighter at apex and behind. Length, 8 mm. 

Habitat—West Danby, N. Y. 1 9, 31 May, 1890. 


MoNneECTENUuS, Dahlb. 


1: Wings one scutellum black; antennz with thirteen segments 
Sa AS Ge eet tae . fulvus, Nort. 
Wings palinelss antenne sie more the cuiteen segments. 2: 


2. Lateral fulvous line of abdomen interrupted on the three or 
four basal segments ; antenne fifteen-jointed.. ..suffusus, Cress. 


Lateral fulvous line continuous from the base of the abdomen.. 3. 
3: Antenne: fourtben-jainted :4 8... ci asin» ie te mnelereps ress: 
Antenne sixteen-jointed.................. ..sumiperinus, n. sp. 


Monectenus juniperinus, n. sp. Fuivous, with the following parts 
black : mandibles, antennz, a lunate mark, including the ocelli, its horns 
reaching the antenne ; a broad dash on the lateral lobes, the scutellum, 
in some cases only its apex, metathorax, basal plates, tergum and venter 
except a lateral line, pectus, pleuree except a dark fulvous spot, coxe at 
base, and tarsi at apex ; antennz decidedly serrate beneath, with sixteen 
distinct segments; clypeus emarginate; wings hyaline, veins brown, 
caudal half of cross-vein between first and second submarginal cells hya- 
line, stigma brown, clearer at middle. Length, 8 mm. 

Habitat—Ithaca, N. Y. Collected by Mr. R. L. Junghanns, a student 
in the Entomological Department of Cornell University. Described 
from four females, collected on Red Cedar ( Juniperus virginiana). 





Mailed November 3rd. 


The € anadiay Hontomologist 








VOL. XXVI. 





LONDON, DECEMBER, 1894. NO. Fe: 





SOME PSYCHODIDZ FROM LONG ISLAND, N. Y. 
: BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N.Y. ®@ 


Thomas Say described one species of Psychoda from the United 
States ; Walker described another from Hudson’s Bay ; and Dr. Williston, 
in Entom. News, 1893, described a third species from New York. I have 
noticed in the vicinity of Sea Cliff, N. Y., seven species, only one of 
which I have identified as previously described. Most of the forms I 
have collected are probably common elsewhere in the Eastern States and 
in Canada. 

All the forms known to me appear to be congeneric and belong to 
Psychoda. ‘They have two veins between the forked veins, more or less 
pointed wings, and the second longitudinal appears to arise beyond the 
first basal cell. Pericoma, I should consider to consist of species with 
rounded wings and the second longitudinal arising before the anterior 
cross-vein. But Eaton, in his paper on the British species, has placed 
other forms under it ; however, from his diffuse table it would be almost 
impossible to obtain any idea of the characters of Pericoma. I think it 
much better to use the terminology commonly used in Diptera rather 
than adopt one taken from another order. The species from Long 
Island are almost identical in venation, presenting 1o principal veins 
ending in the margin. The small vein at base is the auxiliary vein. The 
first longitudinal is simple, the second forked near middle of wing, the 
third forked close to the base, the fourth forked near middle, the fifth 
simple, and the sixth or anal consists of two branches. The two small 
cells at base, I should call the first and second basal cells, each bounded 
by the usual veins. All the veins are nearly straight, and at about equal 
distances apart, and bear many hairs. There is a fringe all around the 
wing, but longest on the posterior margin. The legs appear to be about 
of the same length and shape in all the species. The antenne vary in 
length, and in some species are thicker in the males than in the females. 
The males have a superior and inferior pair of appendages, which consist 
of two or three joints, 


330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








I desire to thank Mr. A. D. MacGillivray, for kindly acquainting me 
with Mr. Eaton’s classification of the British species. 


The species may be tabulated as follows :— 


By DR PRAV ISN opus Sins Ge sveenespeeptcaatrs Sse xeles j5) vi 2s wean op ae ne eae 
ane BACK ISD cs esesre sans Raees eames apd oink weeasipn os ov trolly faltomeu pease 4 
cE | Black. dots at/tips ‘of some! vemnge.) 3220100. 5.54. Piece sees Sona alternata. 
ING: CLOTS sen) as cheaters dex aee dabebosnes Pol eR iohtchden thops caveat te. he ah oan 

4 | At least two millimeters long,......... ccsoe. cseceses bie aibia's'>)snyanl de CREP CDE 
pipes thenstwe millimeters. $0 adi) pelt sdelcakercioeenexeaael minuta. 
\ Black dots at tips of some veins.......... SARE sancsene AE in Aa superba. 
si No black dots, wings without white hair except in fringe.... ........ 5 
Llane: distinct median patches of erect black hair, thorax black, fringe 
around apex whitish. ......... Bied dn tse soae ch odaecececinnen a MMMET ETE ie 

. Wings evenly black, fringe not Rhitish. er PINES rer yr tre 


{ Thorax white and with white papi ad ook udioe waievi fleas gavaey OSCDLOI 
(“Thorax black and’with black. hair’. .......ccccoes isectens + abse FELETOR 


Psychoda alternata, Say. 


Body nearly white or slightly yellowish, with white and grayish hair ; 
wings thinly clothed with gray hair, indistinctly showing a pale band at 
middle and one near base ; spots of black hair at tips of veins 6, 8, and 
ro, and usually at ends of 2, 3, and 4; the fringe of gray hair which on 
posterior margin is three times as long as the width of acell. Legs pale 
with white hairs. Antenne slender and short, not as long as breadth of 
wing, quite thickly clothed with whorls of white hair ; wings moderately 
narrow, acute at tip. The ¢ genitalia consist of two pairs of appendages ; 
the inferior pair very slender, and as long as the diameter of the tip of 
the body, approximate at base, gradually separating and then strongly 
curving toward each other near tip, clothed beneath with long white hair ; 
the superior pair quite wide apart at base, about half as long and less 
slender than the inferior pair, but little curved and with only short hair. 
The ventral plate of the ? is yellow, nearly twice as long as broad, with 
an emargination behind as deep as the plate is broad, the rounded 
branches slightly diverging ; the ovipositor scarcely twice as long as the 
plate, slender and a little curved. Length of wing, 2. to 2.2 mm. 

Common in July, on windows and on shrubbery near buildings ; Sea 
Cit, ON: Y. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 331 





Psychoda cinerea, nov. sp. 


Thorax and abdomen with long gray hair, a tuft of black hair at base 
of wing ; wings with gray hair and fringe, the latter on the posterior 
margin nearly three times the width of a cell; legs pale with long, gray, 
and short white hair, and black scales on the tarsi. Antenne slender, a 
little longer than the wicth of the wing, base of joints blackish, each joint 
with a whorl of white hairs; wings about as broad as in P. a/ternata, 
acute at tip. The inferior pair of ¢ appendages is long, contracted in 
the middle, swollen beyond, then growing slender and curving upwards, 
clothed beneath with white hair; the superior pair much shorter and 
curved downwards near tip, they are quite suddenly swollen near the 
middle. Ventral plate of 2 as broad as long, slightly emarginate behind 
and with short scales, the ovipositor quite prominent and slightly curved. 
Length of wing, 2.1 to 2.8 mm. 

Common on windows during June and July ; Sea Cliff, N. Y. 

This species is readily distinguished from the preceding by its slightly 
darker colour and by the uniform wings. 


Psychoda nigra, nov. sp. 


Black, with dark brown on the thorax and long black hair on the 
abdomen, wings evenly and quite thickly covered with long black hair, 
and with a black fringe, which on the posterior margin is about five times 
as long as the width of acell; legs black, with very long black hair on 
outside of the tibiz at base. Antenne slender and a trifle longer than the 
widih of the wing, clothed with white and some black hair, giving them a 
grayish appearance ; wings narrower than in P. a/ternata, and very acute 
at tip, the posterior margin near tip being almost concave. The ventral 
plate of the @ is blackish, not much longer than broad, broadest at base, 
and barely emarginate at tip ; ovipositor more than twice as long as plate 
and slightly curved. Length of wing, 2.1 mm. 

One female, captured on a currant-bush at Sea Cliff, N. Y. Separated 
from all the other species by its uniform black appearance. 


Psychoda minuta, nov. sp. 


Dark, with whitish hair on thorax and gray on abdomen ; wings thinly 
clothed with gray hair and a gray fringe, which at the posterior margin is 
about twice as long as the width of a cell; legs dark with whitish hair. 
Antenne not quite as long as breadth of wing, black at base of joints, and 


each joint in male with a dense whorl of white, appressed hair, which 


332 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





gives the antennez a very heavy and thick appearance ; in the female the 
whorls are quite loose. Wings much broader than in the other species, 
and more blunt at tip. The inferior pair of ¢ appendages are very long, 
slender, and gradually tapering, strongly curved upward and nearly 
black, with white hair beneath, the superior pair not half so long, tapering 
and diverging. Cannot make out the structure of the ? ventral plate. 
Length of wing, 1.6 mm. 


Not uncommon on the bark of large trees in a damp woods, but 
difficult to capture ; near Sea Cliff, N. Y. 


Readily known by its small size, uniform gray colour and broad wings, 
which, when at rest, are folded roof-like over the body. 


Psychoda superba, nov. sp. 


Black, the thorax clothed in the middle with black hair, and on the 
sides with snow-white hair, in some cases it appears to be all white- 
haired ; the abdomen with long, dense, black hair; the wings with 
blackish hair and patches of erect white hair, the tips of the posterior 
veins with a black dot and a white spot between them, some of the 
anterior veins also usually tipped with a black dot ; most of the fringe on 
the anterior margin is black, but near tip and on posterior margin, gray or 
whitish, where it is four times as long as the width of acell; the legs are 
black, with black hairs and scales and a few white scales at the tips of the 
joints. The ¢ antenne are black, quite thick, shorter than the width of 
wing, with short black and longer gray, appressed hair; in the @ the 
antenne are more slender and more sparsely clothed. ‘There are a few 
patches of white hair on the head. The wings are quite broad, but hardly 
as acute at tip as in some species. The genitalia are not prominent, 
being concealed by the long black hair of abdomen. The inferior 
appendages of the ¢ are black, approximate, short and blunt ; they are 
not much more than one-half as long as the diameter of the tip of the 
body, and but little up-curved ; the superior pair are nearly as large, 
stout, and tapering to a point ; they are wide apart at base, but curve 
toward each other. The ventral plate of 9 is broad, yellow at tip, and 
broadly notched, but the notch is but one-half as deep as wide ; the ovi- 
positor is twice as long as plate and a little curved. Length of wing, 2.5 
to 2.9 mm. 


Common on the bark of large trees in woods. June. Sea Cliff, N. Y, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 333 





There is some variation in the arrangement of the white patches on 
thorax and wings ; the legs and antenne are wholly black, so I do not 
think it can possibly be a form of P. S/ossone, Will. 

Psychoda marginalis, NOV. sp. 

Black, head and thorax with white hair, but not very dense; abdomen 
with black hair, and often a small patch of white hair each side at tip ; 
wings thinly clothed with black and gray hair, and some scattered white 
ones near base, two prominent patches of erect black hair just beyond the 
middle of the wing ; the fringe dark gray, except near the tip on each 
side, where it is whitish, giving the appearance of a white margin toa 
black wing ; it is very long, on the posterior margin nearly as long as the 
breadth of the wing ; legs dark with gray hair. Antenne slender, black, 
with whorls of gray hair, about as long as the width of wing; wings 
narrow, acute at tip. The inferior pair of * appendages are long and 
slender ; at frst they are parallel, then they diverge and curve upward ; 
they are clothed with fine black hair; the superior pair are very far 
apart at base, about two-thirds as long as the inferior pair, gradually 
tapering and but little curved toward each other. Length of wing, 1.8 to 
2mm. 

Not uncommon on low herbage near the edge of aswamp. June. 
Sea Cliff, N. Y. All my specimens seem to be males. 

Easily recognized by its general black colour, two black patches on 
wing, and the apical white fringe. 

Psychoda bicolor, nov. sp. 

Head and thorax yellowish-white, abdomen black, the former with 
white, the latter with biack hair; wings with black hair, most dense 
toward base and on costa ; fringe black or dark gray behind, where it is 
about three or four times as long as the width of a cell; legs black, with 
black hair ; antennz slender, slightly longer than breadth of wing, black, 
with whorls of dark gray hair; the wings are broader than usual, very 
oblique behind, and acute at tip. The inferior ¢ appendages are three- 
jointed, the basal joints nearly united, the second joint tapering and 
curved upward, about as long as the first joint, at tip with a short, 
recurved, pointed joint ; superior appendages two-thirds as long; widely 
separated, curved downward, slender at tip. Length of wing, 2.4 mm. 

Not uncommon in the same locality as P. marginalis; only males 
known to me, Distinguished by its general black colour, except white head 
and thorax. 


334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





A NEW PERICOPID AND SOME NEW ZYGAENIDZ 
FROM CUBA. 


BY B. NEUMOKEGEN, NEW YORK. 


My esteemed friend, Dr. L. Gundlach, has left to me the task of 
describing several new Bombyces, which he discovered within the last 
few years in Cuba. Some ofthe specimens which are uniques, are, unfor- 
tunately, in such a poor state that a thorough description was well-nigh 
impossible. In one case I had to refrain entirely, on account of the 
dilapidated condition of the insect. All the types belong to the Museo 
Cubano Zoologico de Gundlach, \ately acquired by the Spanish Govern- 
ment. 

Daphne, nov. gen. 

Head well developed. Eyes large, hairy. Clypeus indentated. 
Palpi prominent, outwardly curved. Antenne large, bipectinate, 
tapering at tip. Legs scaled, the tibiz well armed and with a large 
hairy tuft. Abdomen long, slender and tapering. Primaries nearly 
double as long as broad. Exterior and interior margins rounded. Sub- 
costal nervure arcuated near apex. Median nervules equi-distant. 
Submedian parallel with interior margin. Secondaries, margins well 
rounded, 7-veined. Costal nervure curvilinear. The ornamentation is 
black and steel blue, the veins blackish. The genus is allied to 
Gnophela, W\k., and should stand at the head of the Pericopinz. 


Daphne cyanomela, nov. spec. 


Head, prothorax and abdomen of bright orange colour. Palpi the 
same, with black edges above. Eyes and antenne black. Anal tuft some- 
what paler than abdomen. Legs grayish black. Thorax and wings rich 
metallic blue. Black costa and black broad marginal bands on both 
wings, reaching to centre of inner and anal margins respectively. Fringes 
grayish black. 

Below the same as above. 

Expanse of wings: 46mm. Length of body: 15 mm. 

Type, o.°! No. 131M. C. Zadeks. 


Phaio, nov. gen. 


Head and eyes large. Tongue well developed. Antenne long, 
bipectinate, somewhat tapering at tips. Front prominent, pilose. 
Thorax pilose, with large patagiz. Primaries very long and well drawn 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 335 





out, more than twice as long as broad. Costa nearly straight, but some- 
what curved inwardly at centre. Apices pointed. Exterior margin slightly 
bent angles, and interior margin somewhat sinuous at centre. Secondaries 
small, about as broad as long, sharply pointed at apices, and well 
rounded at anal angle. Abdomen long and well developed, rounded at 
anus. Legs long and slender, 


Phaio longipenuis, Nov. spec. 


Eyes whitish yellow. Head black. Antenne shortly pectinated, 
black, the outer edge and tip being bright yellow. Above thorax and 
abdomen dark blue, and all wings of blueish-black, fringes concolorous. 

Below, wings as above, with red basal dots. Abdomen blackish, with 
a very peculiar black shield fringed with white hair, and having a yellow 
lateral dot, covering area of two basal segments. Legs yellow, with 
exception of Cox, which are red above and black below. 

Expanse of wings: 48 mm. Length of body: 14 mm. 

diype,t Gur WL, ot dev G: 

A very peculiar, and in its fresh state, undoubtedly a brilliant insect. 
I should place it in the Zygaenidz, between ///puZa, Butl., and /xylasia 
Butl. 


Cosmosoma Juanita, nov. spec. 


The specimen is not very good, and the antenne are entirely missing. 
Head and eyes black. Palpi yellowish. Thorax and patagiew black, the 
latter with white edges. The slender abdomen above is bright red, with 
basal two segments and anal segment of black colour, with anal black 
tuft. . Below, bright red, with exception of black anal segment and tufts. 
Legs red, with white stems at coxe. 

Wings, above and. below, vitreous, with black nervules. A broad 
marginal black band on primaries, forming a large black apical space, 
and tapering off at angle. Small black marginal bands on secondaries. 

Expanse of wings: 23 mm. Length of body : 8 mm. 

It is to be regretted that the specimen is not in a better state, the 
secondaries being nearly entirely demolished. When fresh, it must be a 
beautiful little insect. 

Type, 4 2 Nome. ©.’ 7.' de G- 

It comes very near C. se/ecta, Herr. Sch., but is easily distinguished 
by the absence of the black discal spots on primaries, and the different 
ornamentation of the body. 


ps) 
wo 
lor) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





SOME LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF CE:NEIS. 
BY H. J. ELWES, CJLESBORNE, CHELTENHAM, ENG. 


On page 224 of CANADIAN EnTomoLocistT, Volume XXVI., Mr. Her- 
man Strecker has some remarks on Chionobas, in which, I am glad to say, 
he supports my views, except in two points. ‘First, with regard to the 
subhyalina of Curtis, I cannot conceive on what grounds he supposes 
that the description of subhyadina refers to Erebia fasciata, and as W. 
H. Edwards’s suggestion that the example from Guenée’s collection sent to 
me by Oberthur as the type of swb/yadina is not really so, rests on no 
evidence whatever; I still maintain that swbhyadina -is the proper 
name for the insect hitherto called crambis, Freyer, found, as far as we 
know at present, from Newfoundland along the Labrador coast to Hud- 
son’s Straits and’other parts of Eastern Arctic America. It has no re- 
semblance to Beaniz, Elwes, first sent out under the name of subhyadlina, 
by Mr. Bean, and only taken near Laggan. With regard to alberta, Mr. 
Strecker had probably written his notes before seeing W. H. Edwards’s 
further remarks on this species, on page 192 of the same volume. If he 
had seen the true a/berta, I do not think he could have supposed that it 
is a variety or form of chryxus. The one species is found in May only, 
on the prairie; the other always in the mountains, in pine forest, or above 
timber line, and does not appear, as far as I know, before about the 2oth 
June. One has a well-marked sexual patch on the forewing in the male, 
the other has no trace of it. The smallest specimens of chryxus are con- 
siderably larger than the largest of a/berta. The colour is also totally 
different on both surfaces, so I can only suppose that Mr. Strecker has 
never seen alberta. I have now received more specimens, including sev- 
eral females, from Mr. Wolley-Dod, and though the variation in colour and 
number of ocelliis even greater than W. H. Edwards points out, there is 
not the slightest difficulty in separating any single specimen from any 
specimen of my large series of chryxus and varuna. With regard to the 


latter, a number of specimens sent by Mr. Wolley-Dod, also taken 
near Calgary, confirm my opinion that it cannot be separated from Ufderz, 
even as a local variety, for though the majority of the specimens have 
larger and more abundant ocelli than UA/er¢, from Colorado, there are 
several which I could not distinguish without the labels. As a rule, how- 
ever, the band on the under side of the hind wing is better marked in the 
northern than in Yellowstone or Colorado specimens. 

With regard to the single female from Mount Graham, for which Mr. 
Strecker suggests the name of Zaura, I can form no opinion whatever. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 337 








Ee ato OPT BRA. Onn se A NAD A. . 


BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 





VI. Tue ENDoMYCHIDE AND EROTYLIDE OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 


These two families immediately follow the Coccinellidee in our lists, 
and are evidently related to them in many respects, the former, perhaps, 
the more closely, especially in tarsal structure. In habits there are, 
however, wide differences, the Coccinellidz, as already stated in a former 
paper, being chiefly aphidivorous, while the Endomychide and Erotylide 
are mostly fungivorous. 


Taking up the groups separately, we may consider the Endomychide 
first. These may be defined as Coleoptera, usually rather small in size, 
less convex and more elongate than typical Coccineile, and differing also 
in having much longer antennz, the last three joints of which form a 
distinct club. ‘The tarsi are four-jointed, the third joint often minute and 
anchylosed to the fourth. The claws are simple, the first ventral segment 
without coxal lines ; the elytra cover'the dorsal segments and the wings 


are without long fringes. The larve of the more typical genera, such as 
Epipocus and Aphorista, are moderately elongate, only slightly convex, 
scaly above, the sides of the body with appendages as shown in the figure 
(fig. 53, larva; fig. 54, pupa of A. wittata 
after Smith). That of A/ycefea is, however, 
of a different shape, as shown by Westwood, 
who figures it as of elongate form, the seg- & 
» ments with deeply incised sutures and armed & 
laterally with numerous bristles, the termi- 
nal segment with about nine bristles along 
the hind margin. 
The Endomychid genera found in the pro- 
vinces named may be thus known :— 
A. Tarsi distinctly four-jointed ; smaller species. 
b. Body eval, pointed behind ; surface pilose ....... wehiwsias coae' AC PCCHEDs: 
bb. Body oblong, or subparallel ; surface glabrous. 
Elytra black, shoulders and apex red ; thorax unspotted.. Rhanis. 
Elytra reddish or yellowish, with two black fascie ; thorax with 
DUG RPO Re tet cosas yes am Neaenicves Paeatgeringy ates Phymaphora, 





358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





AA. ‘arsi apparently three-jointed ; larger species. 

c. Thorax and elytra uniformly piceous-black above, except 

the obscurely ferruginous margin..............Lycoperdina. 

cc. Thorax black, elytra red, each with 2 black spots. Exdomychus 

ccc. Thorax reddish, elytra black, each with two red 

SPOOLS. Pisce vn coeennmeameecantay 

ecce, Thorax variable, elytra striped. 
ADOVE: pPMbDESCEMN Ts! 5. idle cacons Ai vaeees caer: LP EOREIS. 

Above; slaprousne cs.) ciagneus sjdmeneuaane se swe a aco ane 


Saweiasl.. ae, sePargats LL DEBRS gees 


Only one species of each of these genera has been reported in the 
Canadian lists, but a short descriptive note is appended in order that 
should others be found they may be recognized as new to the fauna and 
accorded further study. 


Mycer@a, Stephens. 


M. hirta, Marsh., occurs both in America and Europe. I have seen 
no specimens, but it is described by Stephens as being a rusty red insect 
of small size (about .06 in.), and oblong-ovate, convex form, the antennez 
and legs pale dull red; the elytra are deeply sub-seriately punctured and 
pilose. It is found in fungi or on grassy banks. 


Ruanis, Lec. 


The only species, 2. wzcolor, Ziegl., is narrow, elongate, nearly 
glabrous, shining, about .14 in. long; the colour is reddish, the elytra 
black with the shoulders often indistinctly and the apex very broadly red. 


PHYMAPHORA, Newm. 


P. pulchella, Newm., is a beautiful little species ; .15 in. long, elongate 
in form, the thorax red with discoidal black spot, the elytra reddish with 
two transverse black fasciz, the anterior of which is very broad and nearly 
median in position, the other less distinct and nearly or quite apical. The 
male antennz have an immense club. 


LYCOPERDINA, Latr. 


A neat piceous-black species, .tg to .21 in. long, the margin of the 
body and the legs more or less distinctly brownish-red, is Z. ferruginea, 
Lec. It may be found under stones or logs early in the spring and on 
fungi later in the season. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 339 





Apuorista, Gorham. 

A. vittata, Fabr. (fig. 53, larva; fig. 54, pupa; fig. 55, 
beetle), is a smooih shining insect, about a quarter of an 
inch in length, in colour reddish above, the elytra with a 
common sutural black stripe, and each with a shorter 
lateral one. The antenne are nearly black. 


Mycetrina, Muls. 

The little IZ. perpulchra, Newm., belongs here, and 
well deserves the name. It is .16 in. Jong, the head is 
black, the thorax red, either with or without a discoidal 
vitta. The elytra are black, each with two red spots, the 
anterior subhumeral in position and transversely elongate 
inform. This species is represented in fig. 56. JZ. Horniz, 
Cr., will doubtless be taken in British Columbia, and differs 
in having a triangular humeral spot. 





Fig. 59. 





ol 


Fig. 56. 


Eprpocus, Germ. 

Probably through error, the Texan Z. cinctus, Lec., is in the Canadian 
lists. It is a large ferruginous pubescent species, .4 in. long, the thorax 
with four black marks, the elytra with the disk (except sometimes the 
sutural region) black. In Texas I have found it under logs near fungi 
and have described and figured the early stages, which resemble those of 
Aphorista vittata. 

ENpDOmMYCHUS, Panz. 
£.. biguttatus, Say (fig. 57), has the thorax black, the 
elytra red, with two black spots on each, the posterior 
larger. Length, .16 in. 








The Zrotylide are allied to the Endomychide, but the 
tarsi are four or five-jointed, never three-jointed, as is 
apparently if not actually the case in the latter family. The pronotum 
has not the sub-basal transverse impression and two longitudinal lines so 
often seen in the Endomychids, and the form is usually more eiongate 
and more convex. Comparatively little is known of the larve of our 
native species ; that of Zanguria (fig. 58, Languria Mozardi in all stages) 
is elongate, and, in the species figured, about .32 in. long; the form is sub- 
cylindrical, only the anal segment being narrower than the preceding 
joint ; the colour is light yellow, the mandibles and anal horns (which are 
acute and curved upwards) brown. It feeds in the stems of clover, and 





540 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








may do noticeable damage. The larva of Zritoma humeralis, Fabr., is 
nearly white, the head yellowish, the form moderately elongate, nearly 
cylindrical, but tapering to each end, the ninth segment with two short, 
erect, slightly recurved hooks or processes ; it lives in fungi, going under 
ground to pupate, remaining in this state eight days. The pupa is .20 
in. long, very bristly and with a stout spine on the tip of the abdomen... 
The genera are not in all 

cases readily separable by a 
beginner, being sometimes (as 
in Zritoma and Mycotretus) 
much alike in general form 
and appearance ; however, a 
careful attention to the specific 
descriptions ought to do away 
with any doubt that may arise. 
The following table will show 
the points of difference in the Fig. 58. 
Erotylid genera and enable those found with us to be recognized. 

A. Form very elongate, parallel, front coxal cavities open... Zanguria. 













LD 
ny giv iets gee ssc 








AA. Form more robust, front coxal cavities entire. 

b. Tarsi distinctly five-jointed. 
Sizevstnaa Ml (ja! fi) Ss peters s: «a aoe we he ea Dacne. 
Sizegaree i((50-- GOIN.) arostineteteussssaehietsanyentieres Megalodacne. 

bb. Tarsi apparently four-jointed, the fourth joint very small. 
c. Last joint of palpi widely securiform, thorax with black 
SPOtsicscsatee sac cscmeeeeeee PPE ap eReeon ) VS 
cc. Last joint of palpi oval or slightly triangular. Thorax 
unspotted. 

Middle area of mentum large, transverse... 1/ycotretus. 
Middle area of mentum small, triangular...... Tritoma. 


LANGuRIA, Latr. 
The species of this genus are found under logs and stones early in 
the spring, later they may be swept from plants. Two species, one of 
which divides into two varieties, are known from our region. 


Thorax red, elytra bluish or greenish (.22-.31 in.)......4Zozardi, Latr. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 341 








‘Thorax red with discoidal dark stripe (.35-.40 in.)...gracz/is, Newm. 
‘Thorax entirely -ereenish-black: 2. .ssi2iia uote v. inornata, Rand. 

We give figures of Z. Mozardi in all stages (Fig. 58) 
and the beetle of Z. gracidis (Fig. 59). I have a specimen 
of Z. convexicollis, Horn, with the label “B.C.” It may 
be known from Z. Mozardi by the larger size (.47 in.) 
and the entirely black under surface. 


Dacne, Latr. 





A small, black insect (Dacne g-maculata, Say,) .12 in. 
long, the clypeus and a humeral and apical spot on each 

Fig. 59. elytron reddish or yellowish, represents this genus. At 
times the apical spots may extend over the entire tip of the elytra. 

MEGALODACNE, Crotch. 

‘Two very fine species of this genus are found in Canada. They are 
large insects with black thorax, the elytra banded with black and orange- 
red ina manner recalling certain carrion beetles (/Vecrophorus), and are 


found in fungi. The two Canadian species resemble POE. 
fy 


each other very closely, differing thus :— 
< fat 





ie \ 


Smaller (50~-.60 in.). Elytra finely 
seriately punctate, thorax shorter.. 
agenncr pee .. fasciata, none 

fisreer (i ae 80 i in. eR Hythe not punc- 
















PALMERS Goats tasese recs heros, Say. y, 
Iscuyrus, Lac. 4 oh Be 
I. quadripunctatus, Oliv. (Fig. 61), | ag 
is about .30 in. long, black beneath, 
Fig. 6. the side margins of thorax and abdo- eee 
men marked with yellow or reddish. Above it is fulvous, the head 


black, the thorax with a series of four transverse spots across the middle, 
the elytra with black bands and spots as shown in the figure. 
Mycotretus, Lac. 
Small red and black insects found on fungi or dead wood. Two 
species with one varietal form occur here and may be known thus :— 
Thorax black,scutellum and elytra red (.16-.18 in.).sanguinipennis, Say. 
Thorax and scutellum black, elytra bicolored. 
Apical third of elytra obliquely black. (.14 to.16 in.)..pudchra, Say. 
Black mark on elytra, angulate anteriorly.,......v. dimidiata, Lac, 


342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








TrRiToma, Fabr. 

Some of the species of this genus are very common in fungi during 

the summer and autumn ; they resort to such places for the purpose of 

laying eggs which produce the somewhat maggot-like larve previously 
described. The beetles may be separated by the appended table :— 

Aw itirely black above... (CDOs 420 Mois arapupsensessoee tenes LLICOLOR GEN 

AA. Above bicolored. 
b. Elytra with humeral reddish spot, (.1ro-.16 in.)..2ameradis, Fabr. 
bb. Elytra with broad, central, reddish-yellow band. (.18—.20 in.) 


bbb. Elytra unicolorous, black or bluish, thorax reddish. 
c. Body beneath reddish. 
Antenne entirely black, elytral interstices obsoletely 
BUMELG ATS 22 IM) cc we was neem casas pas sete eeee macra, Lec, 
Antenne black, red at base, elytral interstices very evi- 
dently though sparsely punctate. (.18—.20 
Ih) Reparateatereecesockecean ane thoracica, Say. 
cc. Body beneath black. (.12-.16 in.).......... 
sine wth tjawins nxtachideinas nisaenes (LAUECOLLIS,- JAG. 
We give figures of Z: humeralis (Fig..62, the 
larva, and Fig. 63, the beetle). The last four 
- species are of more elongate form. 





Fig. 63. 


The chief papers bearing on the North American species are as 
follows :— 

1853. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the Endomychidz of the United 
States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., VI., pp. 357-360. 

1854. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the Erotylidz of the United States. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., VII., pp. 158-163. 

1858. Gersteecker, A. Monographie der Endomychiden, Leipzig, pp. 
xlv. + 433, 3 piates. 
_ 1873. Crotch, G. R. Synopsis of the Erotylide of Boreal America. 
Trans. Am. Ento. Soc,, IV., pp. 349-358. 

1873. Crotch, G.R. Synopsis of the Endomychidz of the United 
States. Trans. Am. Ento. Soc., IV., pp. 359-363. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243 





A NEW ATTID SPIDER FROM JAMAICA. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA. 


Saitis Anne, n. sp.—Length 31% mm.; width of abdomen, 1 mm. 
Cephalothorax, about as long as, but perhaps not quite so broad as abdo- 
men. Abdomen broadly oval. Cephalothorax, about 1% times as long 
as broad; broadest between 2nd and 3rd rows of eyes. General colour 
grayish-brown, not metallic. 

Cephalothorax with a broad black V, the truncate base of which cor- 
responds to the base of the cephalothorax ; and the arms extend forwards 
and outwards to the border between the latitude of the 2nd and 3rd rows 
of eyes. 

Abdomen above with a black V-shaped mark on its posterior half, 
pointing towards its tip. In the V-mark of the cephalothorax, the arms 
become attenuate ; but in this abdominal V-mark, the base is attenuate 
and the arms become greatly broadend towards their truncate ends. 
This V is bordered posteriorly on each side by a conspicuous patch of 
white hairs, and at the truncate ends of the arms, in striking contrast with 
the black, is on each side a white (or dirty white) patch, surrounded in 
front by a dark ring. On the side of the abdomen, below this patch, 
starts a whitish band, running forwards. Between the arms of the V are 
obscure markings which faintly indicate the arrow-head marks of such 
species as eon Nellit, Zygoballus Bettini and Hasarius Hoyi. On the 
anterior half of the abdomen, the subdorsal region presents a band, bor- 
dered inwardly (dorsad) by whitish marks. 

Legs ringed at intervals with blackish. 

‘The terminal portion of the palpi is red-brown, becoming black at the 
end, but the middle portion bears a tuft of very conspicuous shining white 
hairs, which in certain lights appear yellowish-silvery. The front of the 
cephalothorax, below the eyes, also bears some silvery hairs ; and there 
are whitish rings round the anterior eyes. 

Middle eyes almost touching, outer eyes of first row almost touching 
them. Diameter of outer eyes about half that of middle eyes. Eyes of 
second row very small. 

Sternum black, oval. Cox shining, translucent, hind coxe close 
together. 

HTab.: Manchester Cottage, Kingston, Jamaica, Feb. 26, 1893, among 
dead leaves. The type specimen is with Mr. Peckham, 


3] 


344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





I described this species when it was found, about 18 months ago, and 
named it after my wife. The description has remained in MS., as I 
expected that Mr. Peckham would publish the species, but he now states 
that he will not be writing on the group to which it belongs at present, 
and advises me to proceed. 

This appears to be the third Attid recorded from Jamaica (the other 
two being Anoka Peckhamit, Ckll., and Menemerus melanognathus, Lucas, 
of which the former is endemic, but the latter cosmopolitan in the tropics), 
but possibly a dozen more have been collected, and will be described in 
course of time by Mr. and Mrs. Peckham. 

P.§.to p. 284. Although it has nothing to do with the present sub- 
ject, it will be well to mention here that the food-plant of Zachardia 
cornuta, Ckll., proves to be Parthenium incanum, H. B. K. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. 
BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 


In the CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. 26, page 184, the Rev. 
Thomas W. Fyles described a moth as new, under the name of ‘‘ Botys 
urticaloides.” Mr. Fyles has been so kind as to lend me his type for 
examination, and it proves to be identical with JZetrea ostreonalis, 
described by Grote in ‘ Papilio,” Vol. 2, p. 73, where he states that the 
type was taken by Mr. L W. Goodell, in Amherst, Mass., and that he 
also had a New York specimen in his collection. I have seen the Grote 
specimen, and also another one taken in Bangor, Maine, by Mr. Fred. 
Eddy. The habitat of the specimen in the National Museum, mentioned 
by Mr. Fyles, is not given, and perhaps is not known. It is, undoubtedly, 
a rare species at present, as these are all that are known to me. 

The genus Botys (not Botis, as Swainson and some others have written 
it) was established by Latreille, in 1805, in his Histoire Naturelle des 
Crustaces et Insectes, Tome 14, page 230, under which he placed pur- 
puraria and potamogata. The former of these species is a geometrid moth, 
and has been placed in Huebner’s genus Zy¢iria. The second species, 
potamogata, is not the species of Linneus by that name, but stagnata, 
Don. 

In 1802, Schrank established the genus VymphuZa in his Fauna Boica, 
with potamogalis as the type, but this has also proven to be staguata, 
Don; therefore, the genus Softys of Latreille, if purpuraria be taken as 
the type, must be referred to the Geometridex ; but if staguata, Don., be 
taken as the type, it must fall as a synonym of Wymphuda, Schr. In 
either case we have no right to use it as a genus of the Pyralids, and for 
this reason I did not use it in Smith’s List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal 
America, nor have Meyrick and Ragonot used it in their late works on 
the Pyralids, 


{HE CANADIAN EN‘TOMOLUGIST. 345 








LIST OF THE DRAGONFLIES OF CORUNNA, MICHIGAN. 
BY D. S. KELLICOTT, COLUMBUS, 0. 

Corunna is the capital of Shiawassee County, in the central part of 
the Lower Peninsula, and approximately in 43° north latitude. ‘The 
town is situated on the Shiawassee River, which traverses the county and 
enters the Saginaw, as achief branch. At present there are very few 
permanent small streams and ponds in the vicinity, but a mill-dam across 
the river at the town causes sluggish, deeper water for a mile or more. 
This stretch of water is locally known as the “Pond.” It abounds in 
aquatic life, thus affording the most favourable conditions for the nymphs 
of the ‘‘snake feeders.” The collections on which this list is based were 
made about this “pond,” and for a mile along the river below. The time 
of collection extends from June to September, and I feel confident that 
few species remain undiscovered. The list, therefore, fairly represents the 
Odonata of a favourable inland locality in Central Michigan. 

It has occurred to me, again and again, how restricted many species 
are in their flight. In consequence, an abundant species of a given dis- 
trict may be wholly overtooked by the collector, if its special habitat is 
not discovered. For example, certain species occur almost exclusively at 
the “pond,” others by the river, whilst still others are equally common in 
either situation. Thus, the emerald-eyed Macromia [/linsiensis is num- 
erous about the rapids of the river, but is seldom seen at the ‘ pond,” 
whilst Zibed/uda incesta is common at the latter, and as rarely seen by the 
former. Other illustrations will be given in notes under the several 
species. 

The systematic arrangement followed is that of Philip P. Calvert, in 
the ‘Catalogue of the Odonata of Philadelphia.” The specimens are in 
the collection of the Ohio State University. 

CALOPTERYX, Leach. 

’ Maculata, Beauv.—Common in former years along the river and 
small streams. It is now seldom seen, owing, I think, to the draining of 
morasses and ponds, and the consequent drying up in summer of the 
meadow brooks. 

Apicalis, Burm.—Rare, about the river. 

HETARINA, Hagen. 

Americana, Fabr.—Exceedingly abundant in August, by the river, 

especially where it flows rapidly over beds of bowlders and the margins 


are overhung by the iong, coarse tussock grasses and the silvery sprays of 
the willow. 


346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





LeEstTEs, Leach. 


Unguiculata, Hagen.—Not uncommon. 

Uncata, Kirby.—Common. 

Disjuncta, Selys.—Less common than the preceding. 

Rectangularis, Say.— Abundant. 

Vigilax, Selys.—Fairly common. 

Inequalis, Walsh.—Rare. 

The first four species occur among the herbage of low lands and 
meadows, often long distances from the streams; the last two, on the other 
hand, are seldom seen away from the lily pads or bordering flags and 


rushes. 
ARGIA, Rambr. 


Putrida, Hagen.—Abundant. 
Violacea, Hagen.—Abundant. 
Tibialis, Rambr.—Not common. 
A picalis, Say.—Not common. 
NEHALENNIA, Selys. 
Posita, Hagen.—Not uncommon. 
ENALLAGMA, Charp. 
Civile, Hagen.—Few seen first week in August. 
Ebrinus, Hagen.—Rare. 
Divagans, Selys.—Common on the pond, resting on floating aquatics. 
Exsulans, Hagen.—Abundant. 
Signatum, Hagen.—Common. The last week in August it was the 
only abundant species of the genus. 


IscHNuURA, Charp. 
Verticalis, Say —Exceeding abundant. The orange female is common. 
HAGENIUS, Selys. 
Brevistylus, Selys.—Common, July and August. 
GoMPHUS. 
No species of the genus has been taken in the locality; G. vastus, 
exilis, fraternus and villosipes are known to occura few miles south. 
DROMOGOMPHUS, Selys. 
Spinosus, Selys.—Common in July ; disappears about the rst of 


August. 
EPIESCHNA, Selys. 


Heros, Fabr,—Not common, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 347 





FONSCOLOMBIA, Selys, 
Vinosa, Say.—Rare. One taken July 31. 
ZESCHNA, Fabr. 
Constricta, Say.—Abundant. 
Clepsydra, Say.—Much less common than Coustricta. 
ANnax, Leach. 
Junius, Dury.—Abundant. 
Macromta, Rambur. 
Lilinoiensis, Walsh.—Common along the river and in open groves at 
considerable distances from the water. 
ErIcoRDULIA, Selys. 
Princeps, Hagen.—Common. 
LIBELLULA, Linné. 
Basalis, Say.—Very abundant. 
Incesta, Hagen.—Common about the ‘“‘pond” in July. 
Quadrimaculata, Linné.—Rare. 


Semifasciata, Burm.—Rare. 
Pulchella, Drury.—Abundant. 


PLATHEMIS, Hagen. 





Trimaculata, De Geer.—Common. 
CELITHEMIS, Hagen. 
Eponina, Drury.—Not common. 
LEUcoRHINIA, Brittinger. 
Tntacta, Hagen.—Common. 


Dipvax, Charp. 

Rubicundula, Say.—Very abundant. 
Obtrusa, Hagen.—More abundant than the preceding. 
Semicincta, Say.—Not common. 
Vicina, Hagen.—Abundant. 

PERITHEMIS, Hagen. 
Domitia, Drury.—Not common about the “pond.” 

MESOTHEMIS, Hagen. 
Simplicicollis, Say.— Abundant. 

PACHYDIPLAX, Brauer. 
Longipennis, Burm.—Abundant, - 


348 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





NOTES ON ALYPIA MARIPOSA. 
BY JOHN B, LEMBERT, YOSEMITE, CAL. 

Food plant.— Clarkia elegans, etc. 

Lgg.—Shaped like a white table squash without the scollops ; usually 
laid on the flower buds, the young larva feeding inside on the parts of the 
flower ; hatched in eight to eleven days. 

first Stage-—Head bilobed, glossy black ; body smooth, with a few 
fine bristles, when emerging dark on the upper side, which shade dis- 
appears, leaving the body a pale amber in a few hours ; from the third 
segment the body slopes at an angle of forty-five degrees to the anal claws, 
which gives the third segment a humped appearance ; the thoracic legs, 
six in number, are black ; eight abdominal legs and two anal claws, the 
latter light with dark lines surrounding them. Length, 2 mm. This 
stage lasted three days, with one day more for moulting. 

Second Stage.—Head bilobed, with a few bristles ; colour black and 
glossy, with light marks appearing about the head; the body darker 
amber coloured, with pointed tubercles, each having a light-coloured bristle 
protruding from it ; the thoracic legs black ; legs and claws as in former 
stage. This stage lasted three days, with one more for moulting. The 
larva looped in both stages when walking, but ceased to do so in the next 
stage. Length, 3 mm. 

Third Stage.—Head as before ; a white, bell-shaped spot in the centre, 
with two narrow short bands on each side of the head, one over the mouth 
parts ; a white line down the back, below this a dull dark band on each 
side, below these a white band, then a dark band running along the 
legs from the head to the anal claws ; tubercles black, round and pointed 
at the tip, bristle light and fine, becoming longer in each stage ; thoracic 
legs, abdominal legs and claws black. This stage lasted three days, with 
one day more for moulting. Length, 5 mm. 

Fourth Stage.—Head bilobed, the white band joining over the centre 
of head above the bell-shaped spot ; the rest of the body as in the former 
stage. This stage lasted three days, with thirty hours in moulting. 
Length, 9 mm. 

Fifth Stage.—Wead as before, the white band broader, more distinct 
and longer than the others in proportion ; the first thoracic segment white 
with eight black round dots near the neck and a black narrow band back 
of the white, becoming yellow on the top of the segment, enough to cover 
four of the black dots, the body markings increasing in breadth, the white 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 349 





bands on each side covering two longitudinal rows of tubercles ; in the 
upper row a minute dot appeared in front of each tubercle, and two buff- 
coloured spots appeared in two upper dark longitudinal bands on the 
third segment, one on each side of the white line. Thoracic legs black, 
abdominal legs black, shielded on the outside ; the claws have white and 
buff-coloured markings ; the abdomen from the last pair of thoracic legs 
down the ventral surface to the claws has triangular joined markings ; 
between the claws and abdominal legs are two lateral rows of short bristled 
tubercles, and between the abdominal and thoracical legs are two more 
rows. This stage lasted eight days, and three and three-quarters more for 
moulting. Length, 13 mm. 

Sixth Stage.— Head and first segment as before ; instead of dark 
longitudinal bands, irregular vvate, reniform and heart-shaped markings 
appeared on and between each segment ; there were three wedge-shaped 
markings, one of them joining the other markings, altering their shape some- 
what, with a wine-coloured surrounding about all these markings, there being 
two such rows on each side of the white dorsal band, ablacklinein the suture 
in front of third last segment and one in the suture above the claws, which 
are now of an amber colour with firm black line on the outer rims of the 
joints, the abdominal legs similarly marked and coloured, the posterior 
thickly marked with buff and white ; instead of a dark band above the 
legs, there were three dots on each segment and above the legs some were 
single and others joined to resemble a heart form. The predominating 
colour white as the larva matured. This stage lasted seven and a-half 
days. Length in twenty-four hours after moulting, 24 mm.; when 
mature, 39 mm. At noon of the eighth day the larva ceased feeding, 
after evacuating all the solid food. ‘Towards sundown it picked out a 
place to gnaw out a hibernaculum in rotten wood; finding its mandibles 
too tender for the work, the larva crawled up on the cork of the glass jar 
and rested for the night ; about 8 a.m. it came down again on the wood to 
the place it had selected, and began steadily to work with its mandibles 
to excavate a round hole, and as long as it could the powdered material 
was raked out with its thoracic legs ; afterwards, as the hole grew deeper. 
the powdered rotten wood was lifted up with the -back of its head and 
neck by bending these in a hook form ; by 1 p. m. the hole was complete ; 
the larva then turned round and commenced to gnaw around the mouth 
of its hibernaculum, raking some inside, and then afterwards it formed a 
rim until it was just able to draw in its head, then the powdered wood was 


350 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 





lifted up, and with a mucilagenous matter the wood was mixed and 
cemented, and the mouth of the hibernaculum was sealed up by 2 p. m. 
As long as the seal was soft, the larva’s efforts could be plainly seen keep- 
ing it up with its mouth parts. On the third and fifth day I found the 
larva was in the same condition as when it entered. On the seventh day 
Topened the hibernaculum further back—the larva had cemented the 
other places—and found that it was a larva still. On the tenth day, how- 
ever, the larva had pupated. 

Pupa.—Colour reddish-brown over the wing parts and abdomen ; over 
the head parts and upper and lower sides of the thoracic region, of a darker 
shade. The proboscis case prominent ; the neuration of the wings plainly 
visible. On each side of the abdomen are seven black round and raised 
spots, which are glossy white, the rest is finely granulated. Cremastral 
spines and a flattened area, at the end of the abdomen, black. Length, 
I5 mm. 


NOTES ON QUEBEC COLEOPTERA. 
BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN. 


These notes relate chiefly to species taken in the vicinity of Quebec 
City, all to species taken in the Province of Quebec during 1892-1893. 
I am greatly indebted to Mr. W. H. Harrington for the identification of 
many of the following : 

Cicindela longilabris, Say. June 5 and 8. Fort woods, Levis. 

Cicindela limbalis, K\. (Two.) Aug. 28. Near Lake Beauport. 

Cicindela hirticollis, Say. (One.) Aug. 28. Near Lake Beauport. 

(C. repanda, C. purpurea and C. vulgaris, very abundant on this 
date.) 

Cychrus Lecontei, Dej. Spring and Fall, abundant under dead leaves 
in damp woods. St. Romauld’s, May 8, seven captured on wooded 
hill side. Gaspé Basin, May 14, a pair. 

Carabus serratus, Say. Aug. 22. St. Joseph’s de Levis. <A pair 
under stones on hill side. 

Blethisa Julii, Lec. May to. One specimen in road near Fort No. 
1, Levis. Auy. 13. Same locality, four, dug out of earth under 
thick, dry moss, edge of woods. Associated with this beetle were 
numbers of Platynus cupripennis, Say. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Bs) 


or 
— 





Notiophilus sibiricus, Mots? Aug. 13 ; Sept. 10, 17, 24 ; Oct. 30, etc. 
Isle d’Orleans. Under dead leaves, damp spots in woods ; 
generally in pairs. 

Trechus rubens, Fab. Oct. 1s. Isle d’Orleans. A pair in dead 
leaves, edge of woods. 

Pterostichus Luczotit, Dej. May 14. Gaspé. Several. 

Cymindis cribricollis, Dej. May 15. Gaspé. Common at Quebec. 

Brachylobus lithophilus, Say. (One.) Aug. 13. Fort woods, Levis. 

Bradycellus cognatus,Gyll. (One.) May 20. Gaspé. 

Quedius molochinus, Grav. May 8. St. Romauid’s. Under dead 
leaves, wooded hill side. 

Staphylinus fossator, Grav. (One). Aug. 10. Isle d’Orleans. 

Choleva clavicornis, Lec. May 27. Isle d’Orleans. A few speci- 
mens in the shell of a dead MWesodon dentiferus, Birm. 

Aédalia frigida, Schn. Fall. Isle d’Orleans. One in dead leaves. 

Cytilus trivittatus, Melsh. May 15. Gaspé. 

Byrrhus americanus, Lec. June 8. Several in ruts of sandy road 
through open woods. 

Campylus denticornis, Kirby. June 11. A small specimen, by beat- 
ing, woods near St. David's. 

Oestodes tenuicollis, Rand. One or two early in the year in the city. 

Oestodes, sp. (perhaps puncticollis, Horn.) (One.) June 25. By 
beating, woods near St. David’s. 

Corymbites resplendens, Esch. June t1th. One specimen, living, 
under horse droppings on sandy road through woods, near St. 
David’s. 

Corymbites eripennis, Kirby. (One.) May 13. Isle d’Orleans. In 
dead leaves. Sept. 3. A pair under Jog near St. Joseph’s. 

Corymbites spinosus, Lec. (One.) June 11. By beating, woods 
near St. David’s. 

Corymbites triundulatus, Rand. May 18; June 11, etc. Fairly 
common. 

Eros coccinatus, Say. (One.) June ri. By beating, woods near St, 
David’s. 

Geotrupes Egeriei,Germ. Isle d’Orleans. Aug. 30. Burying around 
fungus. Sept. 10, 24, and Oct. 1. Very abundant, crawling across 
road through woods, or resting in the sun. 


Geotrupes Blackburnii, Fab,? Aug. 10, Isle d’Orleans, Several 
in manure. 


bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





floplia trifasciata, Say. June tr. Plentiful on blossom, woods near 
St. David's. 

Rhagium lineatum, Oliv. June 11. One specimen off pine stump, 
same locality. 

Anthophilax matlachiticus, Hald. Isle d’Orleans. A dead specimen 
picked up in woods, May 26. 

Achmeeops pratensis, Laich. June 11, etc. In great variety and 
abundance, by beating off blossom. 

Leptura zebra, Oliv.’ (One.) July 16. By beating, woods near St. 
David's. 

Leptura chrysocoma, Kirby. June 25; July 9, 13, etc. This hand- 
some ‘‘long-horn ” is often to be met with on the flowers of Czry- 
santhemum leucanthemum. 

Leptura proxima, Say. July 16. By beating, woods near St. David's. 

Leptura vibex, Newm. Junerr. A few by beating, woods near St. 


David's. i 
Saperda cretata, Newm. Aug. 6. Isle d’Orieans. One specimen off 
thorn. 


Adimonia rufosanguinea, Say. May 18. Gomin swamp. Very 
common, by beating off blue-berry blossom. 

Chelymorpha argus, Licht. Conspicuous, hibernating in dead leaves 
spring and fall. 

Phellopsis obcordata, Kirby. May 8. St. Romauld’s. Seven taken 
from under bark of rotten stump. May 18. One example at 
Gaspé Basin. 

Cephaloon lepturoides, Newm. June 11. Abundant by beating off 
blossom of wild black cherry, woods near St. David’s. 

Schizotus cervicalis, Newm. (One.) June rt. 

Pomphopea Sayi, Lec. June t1. Woods near St. David’s. Several 
off blossoms of wild black cherry (Prunus serotina, Ehrhart.) June 
12. One on wing, Isle d’Orleans. 

Hormorus undulatus, Uhler. June 11. Woods near St. David’s. 


One specimen off blossom of choke-berry (Pirus arbutifolia). 
Otiorhynchus rugifrons, Gyll. May 20. Gaspé. Hibernating. 
Phytonomus nigrirostris, Fab. (One.) May 18. Gomin swamp 

Beating off blue-berry blossom. Also found hibernating. 

Macrops sparsus, Say. May 20. Gaspé. Hibernating. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 353 





ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOME COM- 
MON SCALE INSECTS. : 


BY L. O. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Owing to the extensive commerce in nursery stock and fruits, which 
has been carried on all over the world for many years, it has become a 
matter of very considerable difficulty to form any adequate idea of the 
original Coccid fauna of any given part of the globe. Restriction of the 
importation of diseased nursery stock and fruit is new, and for years 
plants and fruit, carrying thousands of scale insects, have been landed 
almost daily at most large seaports. It is, however, not too late to 
ascertain many facts of importance, and since the apparent confusion is 
growing worse day by day, it becomes necessary to make an immediate 
endeavour not only to ascertain the original home of all species of 
economic importance, but to place on record all the facts which can be 
ascertained regarding their spread down to, the present time. Many 
injurious species are still more or less restricted, and the necessity for 
quarantine laws is as great as it has ever been. If horticulturists will 
not demand, for their own personal good, a clean bill of health from 
dealers from whom they purchase plants, it behoves local and State 
governments to pass such regulations as will effectually prohibit the 
introduction of new insect enemies, particularly of this class of scale 
insects. 


To point this moral to which I have more particularly referred in No. 
3 of Vol. VII. of Insect Life, we have only to glance at the history of 
several prominent orchard scales, now more or less well-known to most 
fruit growers. 


The Oyster-shell Bark-louse of the Apple (Mytilaspis pomorum, 
Bouché).—This widespread species, now found practically all over the 
world, so far as our information goes, was apparently originaliy a 
European species, at least it was known to European entomologists in 
the early part of the eighteenth century. At the present day it occurs 
abundantly throughout the United States and Canada, with the exception 
of the far south-west. It was imported into the New England colonies 
at some time during the last century. The first American account of the 
insect was written by Mr. Enoch Perley, of Bridgeport, Maine, in 1794. 
By 1835 it had spread through New England ; in 1854 it was already 
abundant throughout New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and parts of 


304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Wisconsin, but at that date had not penetrated farther west than the dis- 
tricts bordering upon Lake Michigan. It reached northern Illinois about 
1852, and then spread gradually westward and southward, reaching the 
Mississippi River in the early ’60’s. In 1868 it had invaded Iowa and 
Northern Missouri; in 1872 it had extended south from Missouri into 
Mississippi and had made sporadic appearances in Georgia, towards which 
point it had, in the meantime, been spreading down the Atlantic coast. 
In 1872 it had also made its appearance in Eastern Kansas, and since 
that date it has appeared in Washington, Oregon and British Columbia, 
south to some extent in California, and in several of the fruit-growing 
regions of Colorado and Nebraska. At the present time it is seen in 
Nebraska, and is not known, so far as our information goes, in Louisiana 
and New Mexico. 

Can Canadian entomologists trace its spread through the Dominion ? 

The Scurfy Bark-louse (Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch).—Unlike the 
preceding species, the scurfy bark-louse is a native of America. It occurs 
from Maine to Nebraska, through all the northern States, and south nearly 
to the Gulf of Mexico. Recently it has been imported into England on 
currant bushes from America. It is a hardy species, but coming into 
more or less direct competition with the oyster-shell bark-louse, it has, in 
many localities, been supplanted by the latter. Does this insect occur 
abundantly in Canada, and what is its Canadian distribution ? 

The Greedy Scale (Aspidiotus camellie, Sign.).—From our present 
information, it seems probable that this insect is indigenous to Southern 
Europe. It is known also in New Zealand, Australia and the Sandwich 
Islands, into which countries it was probably imported directly or indirectly 
from South Europe. In the United States it was first found in California, 
where it was probably introduced from Australia, and where it was first 
known in the vicinity of Santa Barbara, from which point it has spread 
north to Washington, and south to Mexico. From California it has been 
introduced into New Mexico. It is also found occasionally on hot-house 
plants in the north-eastern States, and rarely out of doors in Florida. In 
the latter State it has been found upon one food-plant only, and it is 
impossible to surmise whether this is the result of a direct importation 
from California or from Europe. 

The so-called English Walnut Scale (Aspidiotus juglans-regie@, Com- 
stock).—-For all we know to the contrary, this species is indigenous to the 
United States. It occurs in California, New Mexico, Florida, Texas, 


(Shes 
Or 
Or 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Louisiana, Mississippi, District of Columbia and New York. Jn its more 
northern localities it is scarce. In the south, where attention has only 
recently been drawn to its injuries, it multiplies rapidly, and becomes a 
serious enemy to the peach and pear. 

The New Peach Scale (Diaspis lanatus, Morgan & Cockerell).— 
This species seems to be indigenous to the West Indies, where it has 
been found in Jamaica, Trinidad, Martinique, Barbadoes, Santo Domingo 
and Grand Cayman. In the West Indies it occurs upon a great variety of 
food-plants. In Ceylon it has been found to affect cultivated geranium 
plants. In the United States, it is now known in one locality in Florida, 
another in Georgia, and in the District of Columbia, doing very consider- 
able damage in each of these localities to peach trees. Its introduction 
from the West Indies into the United States is apparently rather recent. 

The San José or Pernicious Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comstock), 
—This insect is known positively to occur in Australia, Chili and Hawaii, 
outside of the United States. In the United States it made its first 
appearance rather more than twenty years ago in the vicinity of San José, 
Cal. It was probably introduced at that point throngh importations of fruit 
trees and shrubs made by Mr. James Lick. Its original home is not 
yet known. The supposition that it is a Chilian insect, originally made 
by Mr. Alexander Crow, seems negatived by recent evidence, and it is 
probable that it reached Chili from the United States. It spread through 
California, reaching British Columbia within the last two years, and | 
spreading eastward, it reached Idaho on the north, and Nevada, Arizona 
and New Mexico on the south, also within the last few years. A chance 
importation of California nursery stock has also established it at one 
point in Missouri, one in Florida, one in Virginia, one in Indiana, three 
in Maryland, two in Pennsylvania, one in New York State proper, and 
several in Long Island, and many in New Jersey. 

The Red Scale of Florida (Aspidiotus ficus, Ashmead).—This scale is 
probably of West Indian or South American origin. For many years in 
the United States it was known only in the State of Florida, where it was 
introduced first into an orange grove near Orlando upon a sour orange 
tree brought from Havana, Cuba. Investigations made by Comstock in 
1880 showed that it was an abundant species in the public gardens of the 
City of Havana. From the introduction at Orlando, the species spread 
rapidly through the orange-growing regions of Florida. Until recently it 
was supposed to have been introduced into Louisiana during the New 


356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 





Orleans cotton exposition of 1884-5, but late investigations by Professor 
Morgan show that it is most prevalent in an orchard into which citrus 
plants from Brazil have been introduced, and that from this nursery nearly 
all the orange plants in the City of New Orleans have been sent out. 
This indicates a South American introduction into Louisiana independent 
of the West Indian introduction into Florida. Late advices show that it 
has established itself at Galveston Island, Texas. We have also seen 
specimens from Tampico, Mexico. 





STAPHYLINUS C/ASAREUS, CEDERH., AND S. ERYTHROP- 
TERUS, LINN., IN CANADA. 


BY W, HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA. 


Staphylinus erythropterus, Linn. ‘This beetle has been but once 
recorded in America, the specimen being noted from Detroit. I have 
now to record it as inhabiting this section of Canada, and, at the same 
time, to correct an error which has been put in circulation through my 
agency. When Dr. LeConte visited me in July, 1883, he named a beetle 
for me as S. cesareus, Cederh. (ornaticauda, Lec.), remarking that it has 
only once been found in America. The species was, therefore, inserted 
in my list of Ottawa Coleoptera (Ott. Field. Nat. Club, Trans.,vil., p. 191), 
and in my Additions to Canadian Lists of Coleoptera (Can. Ent. xvi., p. 
46). These records are quoted by Dr. Hamilton iv his catalogue of the 
Coleoptera common to North America, Northern Asiaand Europe. The’ 
capture of examples of S. dadius (not on my list) proved to me that a 
slip had been made by Dr. LeConte (his examination of my collection 
having necessarily been hurried), and that the insect labelled cesareus 
was only really dadipes. I, therefore, determined to strike the name off 
my list, and to take the first opportunity of correcting the error, but soon 
after, by a curious coincidence, I found (Apl]. 23rd, 1892) under a stone 
at the margin of a swamp a Staphylinus, which seemed to be a genuine 
cesareus. My determination was made by Dr. Horn’s monograph of the 
genus (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vii., p. 191), in which, following the descrip- 
tion of the species, he says :—‘‘ Easily known from every other species at 
present occurring in our fauna, by the spots of golden pubescence at the 
sides of ventral segments above and beneath.” On informing Dr. Hamil- 
ton of my capture, he kindly sent to me a cesareus from Europe for com- 
parison. ‘This was much larger, and had the elytra more pubescent, and 
the abdomen more coarsely sculptured and hairy, giving the beetle a coarse 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 357 








facies. Still, the difference was not nearly so marked as the variations 
found in many of our beetles, and, relying upon the golden spots upon 
the abdomen as the test of the species, I remained of opinion that my 
insect belonged to it. 

On October 27th last, Mr. Fletcher and I madea hunt in Dow’s 
Swamp (near the Experimental Farm), on the borders of which I had 
found the specimen in 1892, and while digging around the roots of trees 
for such beetles as might have gone into winter quarters, it was my good 
fortune to obtain two specimens, and around the same stump were taken 
about a dozen examples of adipes. Both specimens when alive showed 
beautifully the golden spots on the abdomen, but when they were taken 
out of the bottle of sawdust, in which they were killed, it was found that 
the spots had mostly been rubbed off. With this new material I was 
anxious to definitely settle the question of species, and ‘accordingly sent 
one to Dr. Hamilton, who replied that :—‘“‘ The insect you sent is a good 

example of .S. erythropterus. 1 have five examples of both erythropterus 
and c@sareus from Sweden, and there is no difficulty whatever in the 
determination by comparison. Cesareus is much larger, and has the 
thorax and head much more coarsely punctured. ‘The golden abdominal 
spots are about the same in both, but seemingly more readily lost in 


erythropterus, one half of mine having them about as in yours.” 

An early fall of snow prevented us from searching for more material 
until to-day:(Nov. 17th), when I spent about two hours carefully searching 
in the swamp, which was very wet, and more or Jess covered with snow, 
and was rewarded by obtaining one specimen, also at the root of a tree 
under moss, etc., four or five inches beneath the surface. 

The American record for .S. exythropterus will, therefore, rest on the 
specimen from Detroit, U. S., and my four specimens from Ottawa, Can., 
the species being apparently able to perpetuate itself in this country, and 
inhabiting swamps. 

The record for S. cesareus will rest on Mr. Ulke’s example taken in 
~ Canada (locality not quoted), and possibly that specimen, if re-examined, 
might prove to belong to the preceding species. 

I regret that Dr. Hamilton’s new edition of his catalogue is printed, 
and that, therefore, the records therein cannot be amended. 


358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





BOOK NOTICES. 





THE BurrerFLy HUNTERS IN THE CaRIBBEES, by Dr. Eugene Murray- 

Aaron. New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1894. Pp. 269. 

It is a novel event in literature to have a boy’s book of adventure 
written by an Entomologist ; we were, therefore, prepared to peruse with 
interest the volume which Dr. Murray-Aaron has just published. Belong- 
ing, perhaps, to those whom he characterizes as the “ younger old people,” 
we were charmed beyond measure with the book, and read it through 
from beginning to end with as much avidity and enjoyment as any adven- 
ture-loving school-boy. It relaies in pleasant, easy style, the expedition 
made by a couple of boys, under the guidance of their naturalist friend, 
‘‘the Doctor.” During the early winter months they visited several of 


the islands of the Bahamas, and then made a more venturesome excursion 
across Haiti and into Santo Domingo, winding up with a flying visit to 
Jamaica. Their object was to collect butterflies especially, and at the 
same time to gather all the animal and vegetable curiosities that they 
conveniently could. For an account of their success and the various 
‘“‘dodges ” they had recourse to, especially when in pursuit of Papz/io 
Hlomerus, we must refer the reader to the book itself. It is not, how- 
ever, a mere record of the doings of collectors ; a great deal of interest- 
ing information is given regarding the condition of the negro races in their 
barbarism where left to themselves, and their happy condition when 
under British rule. Much pleasant instruction may also be gained regard- 
ing the geography, scenery and government of the various islands that 
were visited. If any paterfamilias is looking for a book to put in his 
boy’s Christmas stocking, he cannot do better than purchase a copy of 
this. Ifhis boy has any taste for Natural History, it will delight him 
beyond measure. ‘The book is handsomely printed and bound, and 
illustrated with several well-executed plates. The entomologist may be 
disappointed at the absence of lists, or names of species, and pictures of 
butterflies ; but the book is not meant for a scientific treatise, though its 
statements may be relied upon as strictly accurate, the author being well- 
known as the Editor for a time of Papilio, and Curator of the American 
Entomological Society, at Philadelphia, as well as a valued contributor to 
this magazine. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 359 





THe BurrerFlies OF NortTH AMERICA, by W. H. Edwards. Third 
Series, Part XV. 


This part, like its immediate predecessor, is of especial interest to 
Canadian Entomologists, as it is chiefly devoted to the illustration of 
some of our most interesting species of butterflies, and more than main- 
tains the very high standard of excellence to which Mr. Edwards has 
accustomed us. The first plate is devoted to two rare species of Argy- 
nnis from the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, the first being Astarte, for so 
many years practically unknown, save to those having access to the type 
in the British Museum, the locality whence it was received being even 
in doubt. True, it had been figured as to its upper side, in Doubleday, 
Hewitson & Westwood’s great work “ The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,” 
but that was not sufficient to identify it, so wnen it was re-discoveerd by 
Mr. Thomas E. Bean on the mountain summits near Laggan, it was very 
naturally re-described, or rather re-named, by Mr. Edwards, as Argynnis 
Victoria. The species is quite unlike any other North American species 
of this genus, and Mr. Bean’s notes on its habits are very interesting. 
There is a slight clerical error in the reference to the plate in Doubleday’s 
work, as it should be 23 instead of 53, as given by Mr. Edwards at the 
head of his article. The second species treated of is A. Alberta, a most 
distinct and interesting species belonging to the Chariclea sub-group, 
which also was discovered by Mr. Bean on the mountains near 
Laggan, in 1888. The sexes differ considerably in colour, and so far as 
known the imago only appears every second season, being found in the 
even numbered years. 


The second plate is devoted chiefly to another butterfly discovered by 
Mr. Bean at Laggan, a species of Chionobas, which Mr. Edwards regards 
as identical with C. Subhyalina, Curtis, described in the Appendix to 
Ross’s Narrative of his Second Voyage, the solitary type of which was 
taken in Boothia Felix. ‘This identification, however, not being altogether 
satisfactory, and the species having been described by Mr. Elwes in the 
Trans. Ent. Soc., London, as C. Beanit, it will doubtless be known by 
the latter name. 


In connection with this, it may be mentioned that the specimens in 
the British Museum collection, under the name Sud/yadina are different 
from the form from Laggan, and seem to agree more closely with 
Curtis’s description. A specimen from Hudson’s Straits similar to those 


360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








in the B. M. is also inmy collection. The other species figured on this 
plate is Chionobas Norna, well-known in Scandinavia, but of which Mr. 
Edwards has received several female examples from Alaska. 


The male from Finland figured on the plate is certainly very different 
from the figure of that sex in Boisduval’s ‘‘Icones,” and the male is 
assuredly sometimes of the same type as the female, as shown by speci- 
mens from Norway in my collection. 


The third plate of this magnificent part is an exceedingly fine one, 
crowded with figures illustrating C. Semidea from the White Mountains, 
Pike’s Peak and Hudson’s Strait. 


The egg, young larva, larva after rst moult and mature, and the 
chrysalis are fully illustrated. 


The letter-press accompanying this plate extends to 11 pages, and is 
very full and interesting, though the author has apparently overlooked 
certain facts of interest, especially in connection with the discovery of an 
egg parasite of the genus Telonomus, as published in the Report of the Ent. 
Soc., Ontario, for 1892, pp. 32-35. 

It is greatly to be hoped that the talented author will be able to carry 
on the third series of his grand work to twenty parts, as suggested in his 
“advertisement ” to the current volume. H. H. Lyman. 





NorTH AMERICAN HEMIPTERA, by E. P. Van Duzee. 

We desire to call the attention of those of our readers who are inter- 
ested in this order to some recent publications by Mr. Van Duzee, viz., 
“A List of the Hemiptera of Buffalo and vicinity,” and ‘‘ Descriptions 
of some new North American Homopterous Insects,” which were pub- 
lished in Vol. V., Part 4, of the Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural 
Sciences ; and “‘A Catalogue of the described Jassoidea of North America,” 
‘which appeared in the Transactions of the American Entomological 
Society, Vol. XXI., pp. 245-317 (Philadelphia, July-September, 1894). 
These papers, which betoken much industry on the part of their able 
and enthusiastic author, are of especial value, inasmuch as so little work 
of the kind has been done in most of the families of the order that are 
found in North America. 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI. 





Acontia erastroides, larva of, 21. 
Acrididz of Indiana, 217, 241. 
Acronycta cristifera, 141, 226. 
- grisea, 124. 

impleta. larva of, 18. 
Radcliffei, larva of, 17. 
Adalia, table of species, 302. 
Adimonia cavicollis, 86. 
Adonia constellata, 305. 
fEgialia conferta, 202. 
African moths, three new, 69. 
Agailia constricta, n, 8p., 90. 

coe CALET2, TeySDe hol 
Agrilus acutipennis, II. 

‘< food plants of, 36. 


Agrotis albalis, 103. 
cloanthoides, 103. 
docilis, 104. 
exsertistigma, 84. 
introferans, 269. 
murzenula, 81. 
opipara, 82. 
perexcellens, 104. 
semiclarata, 104. 
Vancouverensis, 104. 


Alypia mariposa, preparatory stages of, 
348. 

Anatis Rathvoni, 306. 

** table of species, 303, 
Andricus spongiola, n. sp., 235. 
Angitia Americana, n. sp., 246. 
Anisosticta strigata, I1, 229. 
Anomala, table of species, 260. 
Anthocharis, the genus, 47, 100, 166. 
Anthonomus signatus, 272. 
Anurida maritima, 165. 

ss Tullbergi, 165. 
Aphis cucumeris, 266. 

«¢ mali, 147. 
Aphodius, table of species, 203. 

3 troglodytes, 255. 

Aphonus tridentatus, 261. 
Aphorista vittata, 337, 339. 
Aphoruridz of Florida, 165. 
Aphorura inermis, 165. 
Aporia, neuration of, 168. 
Aquatic larvee and their parasites, 39. 
Arachnis aulea, preparatory stages of, 307. 

*¢  suffusa a 308. 
Arctia ornata, 156. 


ee 


“ec 


ee 


ee 





Arctia rufula, 156. 

Arenetra pallipfes, n. sp., 250. 
Argynnis Aphirape, var. Ossianus, 155. 
Aprodite, abundance of, 296. 
Chariclea, 119. 

Freija, 119. 

Frigga, 120. 

Polaris, 119. 

Triclaris, 155. 

Argyria nivalis, life history of, 96 
Artipus Floridanus, 256. 
Ashmead, W. H., article by, 24. 
Aspidiotus abietis, 190. 

affinis, 130. 

ancylus, 191. 

biformis, 131. 
camelliz, 354. 
convexus, 287, 
dictyospermi, 128. 
ficus, 355. 

fimbriatus, 128. 
juglans-regize, 131, 354. 
ce ‘* var, albus, 287. 
perniciosus, 269, 355. 
punicze, 129. 

Atzenius, table of species, 203. 
Ateloplus, n. gen., 182. 


ee 


| Athysanus anthracinus, n. sp., 136. 


Be sexvitlatus, TN. SP.5 93. 


Atlanticus, n. gen., 179. 
se dorsalis, 180. 

gibbosus, 180. 

pachymerus, 180. 

Attacus promethea, assembling of, 240, 
296. 

Attid spider from Jamaica, 343. 

Audela acronyctoides, 124. 

Aulocara Scudderi, 217. 

Ausonides, neuration of, 167. 


se 


66 


Baker, C. F., article by, 88. 
Ballard, Mrs. J. P., death of, 234. 
Banchus flavescens, 9. 
Banks, N., articles by, 76, 88, 160 3209. 
Bean, T E., articles by, 155, 176, 238. 
Bellura diffusa, 148. 
‘*  gortynoides, 85. 
Belonuchus formosus, 254. 
Bethune, C. J. S., articles by, 114, 115, 
174, 294, 295, 358. 


362 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI, 





Beneficial insects : Smith, 295. 


Bisulphide of carbon as an insecticide, 266. 


Livena, n. gen., 
ee 


327. 
Maria, n. sp., 328. 
Blatchley, W. S., articles by, 217, 241. 
Bledius basalis, 254. 
‘* fumatus, 254. 
punctatissimus, 254. 
Blennocampa bipartita, larva of, 185. 
Bolboceras Lazarus, 205. 
Book notices, 27, 28, 52, 53, 
147, 175, 294, 358. 
Botys urticaloides, n. sp., 184, 344. 
Brachyacantha ursina, 304. 
Brachypeplus glaber, 254. 
Brefos infans, 176. 
British Museum 
141, 226. 
Buckell, F. I., article by, 238. 
Butterflies common to Norway and Arctic 
North America, 117. 
from China, Japan and Corea : 
Leech mir; 
of Copper Cliff, 12. 
of Kentucky, 289. 
of Laggan, 155. 
of North America: 


ce 


jie eee 


collections, noctuze in, 


ce 


Edwards, 
27; 359. 

Butterfly hunters in the Caribbees : Mur- 

ray-Aaron, 358. 


Caczecia semiferana, 126. 

Cacopterzs, n. gen., I8f. 

Caliroa Nortonia, n. sp, 324-5 

Callichroma splendidum, 255. 

Calotarsa, n. gen., 50, 88, 102, 116. 
ce ornatipes, N. Sp., 52, 88, 

116. 

Calvert, P: P:, article by, 317. 

Canthon, table of species, 201. 

Carterocephalus Mandan, 11. 

Caterva catenaria, 69. 

Catocala cerogama, larva of, 21. 

**  retecta, larva of, 97. 
Cenopis diluticostana, 126. 
Centeterus Canadensis, n. Sp., 210. 
Ceratomegilla Ulkei, 305. 
Cheretymna Ashmeadté, n. sp., 21 
Chelioxenis xerobatis, 255. 
Chilocorus bivulneratus, 302. 
Chionaspis furfurus, 354. 

es major, 127. 
ortholopis, 189. 
Chionobas, Alberta, 192, 224. 
4 Brucei, 176, 226. 
‘ North American species of, 
224, 236, 
Notes on a revision of the 
genus, 55, 133, 224. 


102, 


2. 


6 


| 





Chloealthis conspersa, 222. 
ss curtipennis, 222, 
Chramesus icoriz, 280. 
Chrysochraon viridis, 221, 
Chrysopa oculata, 271. 
Cicadula lepida, n. sp., 139. 
Cicindelidz of British Columbia, 153. 
of Lake Worth, Florida, 253. 
of Ontario and Quebec, 149. 
Cingilia humeralis, 69. 
Clinopleura, n. gen., 182. 
Coccidee, check-list of Nearctic, 31. 
Coccidula lepida, 305. 
Coccinella, table of species, 301. 
or transversalis, 306. 
Coccinellidze of Dodge County, Wis., 87. 
os of Ontario and Quebec, 297. 
Coccus trifolii, 271. 
Cockerell, T. D. A., articles by, 30, 31, 
116, 127, 189, 284. 343. 
Coenonympha inornata, 238. 
oe typhon, 238. 
Coleocentrus Pettitii, II. 
Coleoptera, additions to Canadian list, 48. 
fs notes on, 36. 
of Canada, 149, 197, 229, 259, 
297, 337: 
of Copper Cliff, 15. 
of Fort Worth, Florida, 250, 
of Quebec, 350. 


Colias Behrii, 156. 
Hecla, 118. 
interior, 176 
nastes, 176. 
palzno, 118. 
Collecting season of 1893, 123. 
Copidryas Platensis, 8. 
Copris gopheri, 255. 
** table of species, 201. 
Coprophagous Coleoptera, table of genera, 


ce 


ce 


ce 
ce 


ee 


199. 
Coquillett, D. W., article by, 71. 
Corthylus, species of, 277. 
Cosmosoma Juniata, n. sp. 335- 
Cossonus impressifrons, 254. 
Cotalpa lanigera, 261. 
Cremastochilus Harrisii, 255, 262. 
Cremnodes Canadensis, 0. Sp., 213. 
Crypticus obsoletus, 255. 
Cryptolechia obsoletella, 126. 
Cryptorhyncus lutosus, 256. 
Cryptus flavipes, n, Sp., 212 

‘¢  Vancouverensts, n. Sp. 211. 
Victoriensts, n. sp , 211. 
Cyclocephala immaculata, 261. 
Cynipidee, new, 157. 
Cynips Washingtonensis, n. Sp., 235. 
Cyrtogaster dineutis, n. sp., 26, 41, 


“e 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI. 





Dacne 4-maculata, 341. 
Dactylopius destructor, 271. 
7 Solanz, n. sp., 286. 
Daphne, n. gen , 334. 
‘*  cyanomela, 1. Sp.5 334- 
Dasylophia thyatiroides, 69. 
Davis, G. C., article by, 321. 
Dectidee, review of N. American, 177. 
Dendroctonus terebrans, 280 
Desmocerus palliatus, 86. 
Dialytes, table of species, 203. 
Diaspinee, scale insects of sub-family, 127, 
287. 
Diaspis cacti, 127. 

** lanatus, 287, 355. 
Dichelonycha, table of species, 230. 
Dineutes assimilis, parasite from, 26, 
Dioryctria reniculella, 215. 


39: 





Diplotaxis, table of species, 231. 
Ditylus coeruleus, It. 
Dolichosoma foveicolle, 11. 
Donacia distincta, II. 
‘« emarginata, IL. 
proxima, Il. 
Se ssubtaliss i. 
Dorycephalus platyrhyncus, n. sp., 216. 
Dragon-flies of Corunna, Mich., 345. 
sé of Ithaca, N. Y., 76. 
oh of Nova Scotia, 317. 
Drepanura, description of genus, 106. 
Dryoccetes, species of, 279. 
Dryophanta glabra, n. sp., 237. 
Dyar, H. G., articles by, 17, 42, 53, 65, | 
100, 185, 307. 
Dytiscus Harrisii, 86. 


“ce 


Economic Entomologists, sixth annual 
meeting of, 265. 
Edwards J., article by, 135. 


“* W. H., articles by, 3, 37, 55, 192, ! 


234. 

Se Wal ieeeneplycto.: 133; 
Ehrmann, G. A., articles by, 69, 292. 
Ellis, Carlyle, article by, 176. 
Ellopia fervidaria, 125. 

Elwes, H. J., articles by, 133, 336. 
Emphytus Canadensis, larva of, 185. 
eS cinctipes, Jarva of, 186. 
Enallagma. notes on species of, 76. 
Endomychidz of Ontario and Quebec, 337. | 
Endomychus biguttatus, 339. 
Endropia duaria, 125. 
Entomobryide, table of genera, 105. 
Entomologica' trip to Copper Cliff, 9. 
Ephialtes pacificus, n sp., 248. 

ae Vancouverensis, N. Sp., 249. 

Epilachna borea'is, 297. 





Epipocus cinctus, 339. 
Epirrita dilutata, 124. 


Erebia disa, 120. 
**  discoidalis, 9. 


| Lremopedes, n. gen,, 181. 


Eriococcus azalez, 271. 

Eriopsis connexa, 305. 

Erotylidz of Ontario and Quebec, 337. 
Errata, 116, 264, 316. 


| Eucheetes sciurus, 156. 


Euchloe, the genus, 47, 166. 
Eudryas cypris, §, 54. 

f) sxrata,8, 54% 
shall we use the name? 309. 
timais, 310, 

“¢ unio, 8, 54, 300. 
Euphoria, table of species,-261. 
Eurytoma gigantea, 121. 


| Lutettix clarivida, n. sp., 138. 


‘© Johnsont, n. sp , 137. 


Evolution and Taxonomy, 53. 
Exartema versicolorana, 120, 


Felt, E. P., articles by, 94, 96. 
Fernald, C. H., articles by, 52, 344. 
Fidia viticida, 273. 


| Wield, J. A , article by, 296. 


Fletcher, J., articles by, 22, 27, I11, 176. 

Flowers and Insects, inter-relation of, 
Robertson, I1f. 

Foenus, folded wings in, 146. 

Formicomus scitulus, 255. 

Fox, W. J., article by, 172. 

French, G. H., articles by, 97, 293. 

Fyles, T. W., articles by, 120, 184. 


Gall on Mountain Cottonwood, 223. 
Gausocentrus gyrint, N. SPp.5 25, 41. 


Geotrupes, table of species, 206. 
| Gillette, C. P., articles by, 157, 235, 239. 


Glass tubes as incubators, 239. 

Gnathotrichus, species of, 277. 

Gnorimus maculosus, 262. 

Grote; SA. R;, sarticles by, toad: 54507408 
103, 141, 215, 309. 

Guignard, J. A., article by, 111. 


Hadena evelina, larva of, 20. 
‘* vulgaris, 125. 

Hamilton, J., article by, 250. 

Hanham, A. W., articles by, 294, 350. 

Harmonia, table of species, 302 

Harrington, W. H., articles by, 2, 9, 28, 
86, 193, 209. 245. 356. 

Harrington, W. H., election to Royal So- 
ciety, 175. 

Heath, E. F., article by, 208. 

Hemileuca Californica, preparatory stages 
of, 293. 

Hemiteles occidentalis, n. sp., 213. 
SN, apicerveniris, nN. Sp); 213. 


364 





BoC North American: Van Duzee, 
360. 
Hemiptera of Copper Cliff, 16. 
of New Mexico and Arizona, 
312. 
Herpestomus flavicox@, n. sp., 210. 
Heterocampa thyatiroides, 69 
Hibernia defoliaria, 22. 
Hippodamia Americana, 306. 
a falcigera, 300. 
moesta, 305. 
table of species, 300. 
Holcaspis maculipennis, n. sp., 236. 
Holland, W. J., article by, 113. 
Homolophus punctatus, n. sp., 164. 
Homoptera, new N. American, 89, 136. 
Hopkins, A. D., article by, 274. 
Hoplia, table of species, 230. 
Howard, L. O., appointment of, 175. 
‘7. ) varticleiby,.-358: 
Hubner’s Exotic Butterflies, 175. 
Hydreecia inqueesita, 126, 
Hylesinus aculeatus, 280. 
Hymenoptera, Canadian, 193, 209, 245. 
i of Copper Cliff, 13. 
Hymenopterous parasites from 
beetles, 24. 
Hyperaspis, table of species, 304. Hyper- 
aspis undulata, 285. 


6c 


ce 


water 


Hypocryptus Vancouverensis, n. sp., 248. 
Hyporhagus punctatus, 255. 
Ichneumon occidentalis, n. sp., 210. 


ee 


Taylort, n. sp., bate 
Idiocerus amenwus, Ni. Sp., 89. 
Tdionotus, n. gen., 182. 
Insects and flowers, 
Robertson, ITI. 
Insects at light, 295. 
Ischyrus quadripunctatus, 341. 


inter-relation of : 


Jordan, Miss A. M.,, article by, 257. 


Kellicott, D. S., article by, 345. 
Kilman, A. H_, article by, 48. 
** donation of coleoptera, 


238. 


Lachnosterna, table of species, 231. 


Languria Mozardi, 339, 340. 
ce table of species, 340, 341. 
Laphygma  flavimaculata, preparatory 
stages of, 65. 
Lee, C. L., article by, 295. 
Lembert, J. B., articles by, 45, 101 
239, 348. 
Lepidoptera, food plants of California, 45. 
notes on Nocturnal, 79, 103. 


» 156, 








INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI. 





Lepidopterous larvz, descriptions of, 3, 17, 
24, 375 ©5y 94, 95, 97, 2575 293; 307, 


34 
Lepisesia Clarkia, 156. 
Leptysma marginicollis, 221. 
Lepyrus geminatus, II. 
Leucania pallens, 227. 
‘© straminea, 227. 
Leucarctia acraea, var. AZ/agesiz, n. 
292. 


vars, 


_ Ligyrus, table of species, 261. 
| Limenitis ursula, 123. 
| Lintner, J. A., Eighth Report on Insects 


of New York, 115. 
Liobunum exilipes, 162 

Sis flavum n. sp., 164. 

‘¢  pacificum, n. sp., 162. 

‘© parvulum, Nn. sp., 163. 


| Listronotus setosus, 256. 


Lithophane oriunda, 238. 

es the species of, 79. 
Lonnberg, E., article by, 165. 
Lophoderus Mariana 126, 


_ Lyczena exilis, notes upon 37. 


| Macgillivray, A. D. articles by, 105, 


| Moffat, 





Lycoperdina ferruginea, 338. 
Lyman. H. H., article by, 359. 


165, 

169, 324. 

Macrodactylus subspinosus, 231. 
Macrops cryptops, 256. 
Mamestra Dodgei 145. 

oh ferrealis, 145. 
lorea, 145. 
lubens, 141. 

Marlatt, C. L,, article by, 265. 
Mecynotarsus elegans, 255. 
Megalodacne, table of species, 341. 
Megilla maculata, 300. 
Melanoplus bivittatus, 244. 

oh collinus, 244. 
griseus, 245, 

Melolonthine Scarabaeidz of Canada, 229. 
Meniscus comptus, n. Sp., 322.- 

‘6 Johnsonit, . sp., 323. 
Michiganensis, 0 sp., 323: 
ostentator N Sp., 321. 
Slosson@, N. Sp., 322. 

‘© table of species, 321. 
Mesites rufipennis, 256. 

Metrea ostreonalis, 344. 
Miscellaneous Entomological 

Webster, 147. 

J. A., articles by, 54, 123, 148, 

238, 240, 231. 

Monarthrum, species of, 277. 
Monoctenus juniperinus, n. Sp. 328. 
es table of species, 328. 


ae 


ee 


ee 
a 


ec 


papers: 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI. 365 


Monographie des Phycitinze et des Gal- 
leriinee: Ragonot, 52. 
Monophadnus atratus, n sp., 193. 
7 synopsis of species, 193. 
Monostegia quercus-albee, 43. 
Se quercus*coccine®, N. Sp., 43- 
Monotoma fulvipes, 255. 
Moths’ eggs, a method of securing, 156. 
Mottled umber moth, 22. 
Myceteea hirta, 338. 
Mycetina perpulchra, 339. 
Mycotretus, table of species, 341. 
Myriapodes des environs de Geneve : 
Alois. Humbert, 114. 
Mysia pullata, 303. 
Mytilaspis albus, var. concolor, 190. 
ee pomorum, 271, 353. 





Neemia episcopalis, 11, 300. 
Nematoplus collaris, 11. 
Nematus coryli, 44. 
ss monochroma, larva of, 187. 
Oh salicis-odoratus ‘* 187. 
Neumoegen, B., article by, 334. 
New Jersey, report of Entomological De- 
partment: Smith, 275. 
Nicagus obscurus, 2c6. 
Nothochrysa annulata, 0. sp., 169. 
os Californica, 171. 
oe phantasma, 0. sp., 170. 
Notolomus basalis, 256. 
Nova Scotian dragon-flies, 317. 
Nymphula potamogalis, 344. 
‘*  stagnata, 344. 


Obituary, 234 
Ochyria ferrugata, 173. 

‘*  spadicearia, 173. 

Odonata of Corunna, Mich., 345. 

Spa pOk Lt hacae Nate) 

‘© of Nova Scotia, 317. 
Odontzeus, table of species, 206, 
(Edemasia nitida, 125. 

(Kneis, notes on a revision of the genus : 

Elwes, 55, 133. 

Some little known species of, 336. 
Oncocnemis viriditincta, 125. 
Onthophagus, table of species, 202. 
Opatrinus notus, 255. 

Orchestes ephippiatus, 11. 

rs subhirtus, 11. 

Orsodacna atra, II. 

Orthesia Annz, 285. 

Oryssus Sayi, 12 

Osborn, H., article by, 216. 
Osmoderma, table of species, 262, 
Our Quarter Centenary, 1 
Oyster-shell bark-louse, 271, 353. 


6é 








Pachnobia carnea, 83. 

Pachypas Nasmythiz, n. sp., 79. 
Panthea propinquilinea, 125. 
Papilio Asterias, variety of, 292. 

bh Cresphontes, 54, 123, 176. 

‘¢ Machaon, r17. 

** Turnus, variety of, 292. 

**  Zolicaon, life history of, 257. 
Papirius olympius, n. sp., 110. 

‘¢ purpurascens, N. sp., 109. 
Parnassius Clodius, notes on, IO!, 
Paroxya Atlantica, 244. 

Patton, W. H., articles by, 140, 146. 
Pear-tree Psylla 27!. 
Pediopsts sordida, n. sp., 89. 
Pelidnota punctata, 260. 
Penthina impudens, 126. 
Peranabrus,n gen., 181. 
Peridroma incivis, larva of, 18. 
Petrophora truncata, 124. 
Pezomachus Keentz, n. sp., 214. 
Pezotettix gracilis, 223. 
obovatlipennis, N. Sp., 241. 
*f occidentalis, 243. 
cs viridulus, 245. 
Phaio, n. gen., 334. 

‘¢  longipennts, n. Sp. 335- 
Phalangida of Washington, 160, 
Phaleria longula, 255. 

‘*  picipes, 255. 

«¢  puncticeps, 255. 

Phanzeus carnifex, 201. 

Phenacoccus helianthi, 285. 

Philampelus achemon, 306. 

Philhydrus simplex, 254. 

Phloeosinus dentatus, 280. 

Phlceotribus frontalis, 280. 

Phobetes Canadensis, n. sp., 248. 

Phoxopteris apicana, 126 
es Goodelliana, 126, 

Vhyciodes Carlota, preparatory stages of, 3. 
«© Ismeria, 6. 
sc Ny GCtels; tO: 

Phycitid, an omitted, 215 

Phymaphora pulchella, 338. 

Pierine, sub-aivision of, based on pupe, 
214. 

Pieris napi, 12, 118. 

eS Oleraceai2e. 
rape, 118. 

‘* the genus, 47, 100, 166, 214. 

Pimpla inquisitor, 121. 
Pityophthorus, species of, 278. 
Platydema nitens, 255. 
Platylabus pacificus, n. sp., 210. 
Platynus Floridanus, 253. 
Platypeza ornatipes, 88, 102, 116. 
Platypus compositus, 275, 277. 

‘*  flavicornis, 277. 


ce 


366 


INDEX TO 


Platypus quadridentatus, 275. 
Platysamia Cecropia, 281. 

e Columbia, 281. 

a Gloveri, 282. 
Plectromerus dentipes, 255. 
Pleurophorus ventralis, 202. 

Plusia, captures of, at Quebec, 294. 
Polygraphus rufipennis, 280, 
Polyphylla vario osa, 234. 

Popular Science News, 175. 
Proctotrypidz of N America : Ashmead, 28. 
OC Winter habits of, 88. 

Prout, 1.. B., article by, 173. 
Psychoda alternata, 330. 

ie bicolor, n. Spey 333+ 

‘S cimered, Ne Spry 331. 

“¢  o marginalis,n. Sp.. 333- 
minuta, N. Sp.5 331. 

cy ICLara Eley SDeseesals 

‘superba, N. Sp., 332. 
Psychodide from Long Island, 329. 
Psyllobora teedata, 306. 

ise 20-maculata, 303. 
Pyracmon Vancouverensts, n. sp., 246. 
Pyransta futilalis, 126. 


Random recollections of Woodland, Fen 
and Hill: Tutt, 294. 
Raphia frater, var, Coloradensis, larva of, 
17. 
Report of Entomologist and Botanist: 
Fletcher, 115. 
Rhanis unicolor, 338. 
Rhodites arefactus, n. sp., 157. 
sc fulgens,n. sp , 159. 
Se RPE CLECIA. Mi SDae al 5 Os 
Ryncites cyanellus, 11. 
Riley, Prof. C. V., resignation of, 174. 
Rivula propinqualis, life history of, 94. 


Saitts Anne@, Nn. Sp., 343. 
Salina, n. gen., 107. 
Barks, eit Spas lOgs 
San José scale, 269, 355. 
Sarrothripa Lintneriana, 125. 
Scale insects, geographical distribution of 


some, 353. 
re notes on, 189, 269, 284. 
a of sub-family Diaspinze, 127, 
Scarabeeidee of Ontario and Quebec, 197, 


259. 

Science Gossip, 114. 

Scolytidz, sexual characters in, 274. 
Scolytus, species of, 280. 

Scudder, S..H., article by, 177. 
Scurfy bark-louse, 354. 
Selenophorus stigmosus, 253. 
Semasia radiatana, 126. 

Semtoves semeniger, N. Sp.5 247. 





VOLUME XXVI, 





Semiothisa cesaria, 124. 
Serica, table of species, 231. 
Sericoris albiciliana, 126. 
Sheraton, W., article by, 317. 
Silvanus rectus, 255. 
Smicrips hypocoproides, 255. 
Smynthuride, table of genera, 108. 
Smynthurus minutus, N. Sp.» 109. 
Snyder, W. E., article by, 87. 
Spharagemon oculatum, 218, 
Sphida obliqua, 85. 
Spilosoma vestalis, 156. 
Staphylinus badipes, 356. 

He ceesareus, 350, 

is erythropterus, 356. 
Steiroxys borealis, 182. 

‘¢  pallidipalpus, 182. 
trilineatus, 182. 
Stewart, G. M., article by, 306. 
Strecker, H., article by, 224. 
Strigoderma arboricola, 260. 
Stromterg, C. W., article by, 36. 
Strongylogaster pacificus, 43. 

rufoculus, 0. Sp., 327. 


ce 


‘s table of species, 325. 
Strongylonotus, n. gen., 107. 
ot Summersiz, N.,Sp., 107. 


Synchloe lacinia, va7. rufescens, 30. 

Syntomts abdominalis, n. sp., 70. 
Son iid. Spey GO: 

Syrphid, a very remarkable, 50. 


Tachardia Cornuta, n. sp., 284, 344. 
ss larreze, 285. 
Tachys Columbiensis, 253. 
Taracus pallipes, n.Sp., 161. 
Taylor, Rev. G. W., election to Royal So- 
ciety, 175. 
Tenthredinide, descriptions of larve, 42, 
185. 
“ new species of, 193, 324 
Jenthredo melanosoma, N. sp., 194. 
* nigrisonia, N. SPry 195. 
vi rupicollis, A. Sp., 195. 
:* semtrufa, 10. 
Se Synopsis of species, 196. 
Teratological trio, 86. 
Tetragonderus intersectus, 253, 
Tettix arenosus, 219. 
‘* granulatus, 220. 
Thammnotettix atridorsum,n. sp., 92. 
Thyatira Anticostensis, 84. 
Thysanura, North American, 105, 116. 
Tomicus, species of, 279. 
Tortrix pallorana, 126, 
Townsend, C. H. T., articles by, 50, 102, 
223 4302: 
ce resignation of, 175. 
Trina, on, 54, 116. 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI. 








Trichiosoma triangulum, II. 
Trichius, table of species, 262. 
Poa heXaAnuS 255s 

Trimerotropis maritima, 218. 
Triptogen occidentalis in Manitoba, 208. 
Tritoma, table of species, 342. 
Trogus Fletcherti, 0. sp., 245. 
Tropisternus glaber, 40, 41. 
Trox, table of species, 207. 
Truxalis brevicornis, 221. 
shine aplopappt, 0. Sp., 72. 
araneosa, N. Sp., 74. 
baccharis, n. Sp., 73: 

mM Californica, Me ssues5 = 

SS cu llapisy Dei SPs5. 172s 

‘¢ formosa, n. sp., 71. 

& SUNY ETA, Ne SPs 73 

‘*  solidaginis and its parasites, 

‘+ stelligera, Ni. Sp., 74. 

Sr MMMCEL DECI Ss. gt SDsra 75s 

SM anzOetelerMeSDs fils 
Tutt, J. W., articles by, 47, 166, 214, 

226. 


120, 





367 





Valgus canaliculatus, 263. 
Van Duzee, E. P., articles by, 89, 136. 
Vanessa Antiopa, IT, 119. 

oh oAtalamtaye 110: 

ct) carduty tro. 


Warner, Miss H. H., article by, 289. 

Webster, F. M., article by, 117. 

Wickham, H. F., articles by, 39, 149, 197, 
229, 259, 297, 337- 

Williston, S. W., article by, 116. 

Woodside, Kurnside, Hillside and Marsh: 
Tutt, 294. 


Xyleborus, species of, 275, 278. 
Xylina, notes on species of, 79. 
**  Oregonensis, preparatory stages of, 


67. 
Xylomiges confusa, 124. 
oe simplex, larva of, 21. 


Xyloryctes satyrus, 261. 
Xyloterus, species of, 275, 278. 


Zethus Aztecus in Florida, 140, 172. 
(& > Poeyi; 140,872. 
«*  Slossonz,; 140, 172, 
Zygzenide, new, from Cuba, 334. 


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EDITED BY: 


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LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s 
collecting. - Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and Polyphomus. JAMES. 
TOuGH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago. 


Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Gloveri et Cecropia,’ 
Ceanothi et Cecropia, and other rare moths. Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P. 
Puthecium. Emity L. Morton, Newburgh,’ N. Y., New Windsor Delivery. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from 
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberalexchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE, 
Keota, Iowa. 


HYBRID COCOONS ex Ceanothi et Cecropia now for sale or exchange for rare, per- 
fect Sphingide, Arctizde, Bombycide, Catocale and Diurni not in my collection. Dr. 
RicHarD E. Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York. 


WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works. 
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A. 
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. 


HEsPERID&.—A few P. viator ; also P. dion and Grapta j-album to exchange for 
desirable Hesperidee H. E. WILFORD, Batavia, N. Y. 


Exotic IcCHNEUMONID&.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu- 
monidz for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G, C, Davis, Agricul- 
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan, 


DuPLicaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera,. 
also British Lepidoptera (unset). D&SIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American: 
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR FoRD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke: 
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England. 


WANTED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tatracha virginica. Wilk 
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect 
specimens stretched of <Acherontza Atropos, Saturnio pyrz, etc. Address, R. J. 
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind. 


WANTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating: 
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I 
offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. I Nee 
WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. 


Pror. J. B. SmMiru, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision: 
of the Deltoid group cf the Noctuide, and desires material from all parts of the country. © 
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such 


specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the VU. ~ 


S. National Museum. 


BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA. 





Part XIV., Vol. 3, will issue Ist November, 1893. Contents: Neominois 
Ridingsii and all stages ; Chionobas CEno ; Chionobas Macounii and stages. Three 
plates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. II., $45. 


Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CAMBRIDGE, Mass. 
$ NEW EDITION 3 


OF 


J, HUBNER'S SAMMLUNG EXOTISCHER SCHMETTERLINGE (Exotic Butterflies 


Subscription price, $130 for the whole work, which includes 664 coloured plates. 
This new edition is published in parts of ten coloured plates each at $1.35. Specimens 
of etchings sent post free on demand. 


P. WYTSMAN, Scientific Booksel'er, 1 rue del’Arbre, Brussels (Belgiun). 
A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York. 


MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0} 


GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, 


Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting 
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and 
‘Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. 
Other articles are being added, Send for List. 




















A 
JOINTED 
< FOLOING NET 


—SPECIMENS OF— 
pagar drnanes Lepidoptera, Orthoptera Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Shells, Etc. 


Ss a LH te REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan. 
A LEITZ’S MICROSCOPES 











Used by the Principal Universities and 
= Schools of the Dominion. = 


RANGE IN PRICE FROM $21 TO $175 
An Illustrated Catalogue on Application. 


PY ADs NS ee CO. 


MONTREAL, 








=i- -i- -i- -:- Agents for the Dominion of Canada. 


PACIFIC - COAST - COLEOPTERA 


—o—o--0—o—o— 





Send for new list (No. 12), giving names and prices of six collections of fifty species 
(200 specimens) each, for from $2 to $10 per collection. These are first-class speci- 
mens, correctly named, and are suitable for schools or private cabinets. 


L. E. RICKSECKER, OcciDENTAL, SONOMA Co., CAL. 


J Otay. A KHURST, 
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER in ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES. 


Fine Carlsbader Insect 
Pins a specialty. Price List 
ent on application. 

: 78 Ashland Place, 
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. Y, 




















THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 
Editing Committee—J. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ; 
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London. 





ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 





ForiOrdinary., Wem bers 5 cist stort snake on eae iet teatals pi ok ctote Seoperete te oneee fe $1 00 
For Associate Members in the United States.........ccceeesseeesees I QO | 
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere..... .......-.... der dears 


The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to 4 copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order, 
Canadian, U. S. or English Stamps. Cheques on local banks not received, 
unless 25c. is added for collecting. 








J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer. 
All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hali, London, Ont. 
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the 
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. 


ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 





Rox veachyinsertiongper inches Sis te. cece erotic tes aie Tee Lee ee ole S250 
One inch sper yearisss corns sae: sean. Setvin pinrteaieer tie ate Ne Atak encore 4 00 
al fe Pages hs sie laleacs caebash crates wecee vores AEM alee rete oleate Seiaseteteiahe bs shar eke fe arte 10 00 
Whole « {ls Pwd i vcate Blondie Merch dvenelavaaeiieibonetes ojavaPe tetas a Taaecerat slielve.ecel ath cei se sRantite I5 00 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 24 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and 
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less). 
Single copies, 1oc. each. 

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers 
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2cts. postage to Canada and 
United States. 


SUPPLIES FOR SALE. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada 
and United States, and registration fee 5c. 

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per 
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis- 
tration fee 5c. 

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET 
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement, 
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old 

* jist (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too 
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will 








be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address, 
pA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 3 
' Vietoria Hall, London, Ont. j 











| Che 


VOLUME XXXVI. 


No. 2. 








REV 0-32 BETHUNE: 


PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 


ae ae ter 
FEBRUARY, 1894. 
LONDON: 


LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY, 
1894, 





: = my 
M - ae a Or Ey { = 
— rs” S 
x ak > ord , SS ~ 
z a < A\ \ 
F ; Yj ' hh ff im NAN . 
{ La gh iD \ 
CATOCALA RELICTA,. 
EDITED BY 








anadian Entomologist 








TWELVE MONTHS. 





THE CANADIAN BEE JOURNAL, a live bee paper edited by R. F. Holtermann, 
will be sent to any new subscriber for twelve months for 50 cents, stamps or silver. 
Renewals, $1.00 per year. Address: GOoOLD, SHAPLEY & Murr Company (Ltd.), 


Brantford, Canada. 
SO CENTS. 











EXCHANGE. 
Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines-are 
lable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. 





DiprERA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will 
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidee 
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—Over 3,000 duplicates for exchange. Send lists to P. C. TRUMAN, 
Volga, South Dakota. 


Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi- 
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N, DUNNING, 43 Niles Street 
Hartford, Conn. 2 


LEPIDOPTERA. —I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s 
collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and Polyphomus. JAMES 
TouGH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago. Sea ie 


Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Gloveri et Cecropia, 
Ceanothi et Cecropia, and other rare moths, _Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P. 
Pithecium, EMILY L. Morvron, Newburgh, N. Aes New Windsor Delivery. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from 
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberal exchanges. A. S. VAN WINKLE 
Keota, Iowa. 2: 


HYBRID COCOONS ex Ceanothi et Cecropia now for sale or exchange for rare, per- 
fect Sphingide, Arctiide, Bombyctde, Catocale and Diurni not in my collection. Dr. 
Ricuarp E, Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York. 


WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works 
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the Janguages of the N. A. 
Indian. Send for list. Wa. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. 


Exoric ICHNEUMONID.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu- 
monidze for correctly determined exotic species of thejfamily. G, C. Davis, Agricul- 
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan. 


Dup.LicaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera 
also British Lepidoptera (unset). D&sIDERATA.—Correctly named types of aileriead 
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR Forp, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke 
Road Hastings, Sussex, England. 


Wantev.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tatracha virginica. Will 
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect 
specimens stretched of <Acherontia Atropos, Saturnio pyri, etc. Address, R. Js 
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind. r 


WANTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating 
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I 
offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. H. 
WiIcKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. 


Pror. J. B. Smiru, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision 
of the Deltoid group cf the Noctuidz, and desires material from all parts of the country. 
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such 
specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U 
S. National Museum. fe 





| BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA. 


-Part XIV., Vol. 3, will issue 1st November, 1893. Contents: Neominois 
_ Ridingsii, and all stages ; Chionobas C2no ; Chionobas Macounii and stages. Three 
- Pilates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40 ; Vol. II., $45. 


Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CampripcE, Mass. 
s NEW EDITION s 


d. HUBNER'S SAMMLUNG EXOTISCHER SCHMETTERLINGE (Exotic Buttertles.) 


Subscription price, $130 for the whole work, which includes 664 coloured plates. 
This new edition is published in parts of ten coloured plates each at $1.35. Specimens 
of etchings sent post free on demand. 


P. WYTSMAN, Scientific Booksel er, 1 rue del’Arbre, Brussels (Belgium). 
A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York. 

















MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0} 


GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, 


Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting 
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and 


= 
7 iene ner \ Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. 
Other articles are being added, Send for List, 


| —SPECIMENS OF— 
ee Japanese Lepidoptera, Orthoptera Coleoptera, Hymencptera, Shells, Etc. 


REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan. 



















LEITZ'S MICROSCOPES 


Used by the Principal Universities and 
= Schools of the Dominion. = 


RANGE IN PRICE FROM $21 TO $175 
An Illustrated Catalogue on Application. 


EY MAN SONS: & CO., 


MONTREAL. 
<=  -i-  -!-  -:- Agents for the Dominion of Canada. 











—— i 





ese eee COAST - COLEOPTERA 


—o—o0--0—o—o— 

Send for new list (No, 12), giving names and prices of six collections of fifty species 
(200 specimens) each, for from $2 to $10 per collection These are first-class speci- 
mens, correctly named, and are suitable for schools or private cabinets. 


L. E. RICKSECKER, OccipenraL, Sonoma Co., CAL. 


deta AK RST. 
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER tw ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES. 





Fine Carlsbader Insect 
Pins a specialty. Price List 
ent on application. 

78 Ashland Place, 
BROOKLYN, N. Y. 





IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. 


a ne EE em em er ae x re a a RS RS Sn RE EE EE A AR Se A 

















THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Published by the Entomological Suciety of Ontario. 


| General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 


Editine Committee—J. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ; 
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London. 





ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 


For Ordinary. Members (2. 2.022 rete ct snre basta sles Sele e aeons eerie $1 00 
For Associate Members in the United States... 05... 5. .¢00+:-0eauns «I 00 
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere..... .......¢...... I 25. 


The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order, 
Canadian, U. S. or English Stamps. Cheques on local banks not received, 
unless 25c. is added for collecting. 


J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer. 
All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ont. 
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the 
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. 


ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 


Bor! cathy, mSsertonss per iil 2 2 1ssie oe wcapacee een Daal ok onaten nee erepes emer esto Sreeso 
One “inch per vyear en. <rchee hop seaie come) era a ie ie br ane eeENS, Atle ney one 4 00 
Walf page, 825045 aie cncye atm ae cee in roar ata dhe oe keke hare 10 00 
Whole 1 Tipo apa tea a caaN seal te: hte pened rs necaenae we hale UF ema ekaICe are sae cae eee 15 00 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes t to 24 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and 
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less). 
Single copies, roc. each. 5 ; 

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers 
cin be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2 cts. postage to Canada and 
United States. 


SUPPLIES FOR SALE. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to § inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada 
and United States, and registration fee 5c. 

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per 
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis- 
tration fee 5c. 

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET 
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement, 
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old 
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too 
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will 
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. | Address, 

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 2 
Victoria Hall, London, Ontario. 






































The 


| Canadian Entomologist 


VOLUME XXVI. 








CATOCALA RELICTA, 


EDITED BY 


REV G. dS. BETLAUNE; 


+ ¢<+— 


MARCH, 1894. 


LONDON: 
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY, 
1894, 




















THE NATURALIST’S JOURNAL. 


EDITED BY H. K. Swaun, | 
With the assistance of A, H. Waters, B. A., A. Ford, and H, Durrant. 
A monthly magazine for Collectors and Students of Natural History ; twenty-four 


to twenty-eight pages ; high-class illustrations ; first-class articles for Entomologists, 


Ornithologists, Conchologists and Botanists. Free exchange column. Best advertising 
medium. Annual subscription (post free) one dollar. : ‘Advertising rates : per inch 
(fifty words) one dollar. Net cash in advance. Sample copy ten-cents. . 


American Office and Depot : 


PH. HEINSBERGER, 15 First Avenue, New York, International Bureau : Books, Postage 


Stamps, Curiosities, &c. 














EXCHANGE. 


Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are 
liable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. 


COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor- 


caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: — 


Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua,. 


hobomok, etc. PHILIP LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. 


Diprera.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will 
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodide 
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho. 


Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi- 


ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N. DUNNING, 43 Niles Street, — 


Hartford, Conn. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s 
collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and royale JAMES. 
TouGH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago. 


Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Giese et Cecropia, “> 


Ceanothi et Cecropia, and other rare moths. Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P. 
Pithecium. Emity L. Morton, Newburgh, N. Y., New Windsor Delivery. 


LEPIDOPTERA.— Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from 
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberalexchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE, 
Keota, Iowa. 


HYBRID COCOONS ex Ceanothi et Cecropia now for sale or exchange for rare, per- 
fect Sphingide, Arctiide, Bombycide, Catocale and Diurni not in my collection. Dr. 
RIcHARD E. KuNzE, 606 Third Avenue, New York. 


WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works 
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A. 
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. DOAN, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. 


Exotic ICHNEUMONID£.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu- 
monidee for correctly determined exotic species of the, family. G. C. DAvis, Agricul- 
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan. 


DupLicaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera, 
also British Lepidoptera (unset). D&sIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American 
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR ForD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke 
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England. 


WantEeD.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Wilk 3 


give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect 
specimens stretched of Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J. 
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind. 


WANTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating 
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I 


offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. H. F. 
WIcKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. 


Pror. J. B. SmMiru, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision _ 


of the Deltoid group of the Noctuidze, and desires material from all parts of the country. 
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such 


specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U 


S. National Museum. 


+ TOR SA LS 


Teinopalpus imperialis female, $1.25. Ornithoptera rhadamanthus, $1.25. Papilio 
nireus, 10c.; menestheus, 50c ; policenes, 20c ; helenus, 30c ; demolens, 10c.; cyprce- 
fila, 50c.; Slateri, $2; epycides, 75c.; uranus, 50c.; aristolochix, 20c.; rhodifer, $1; 
erithonius, 15c.; Krishna, $1 50; anticrates, 30c.; agamemnon, I5c.; leonidas, I5c., 
and several hundred other rare exotic butterflies at low prices, All fine specimens. 


J. T. T. REED, (Member of the International Entomological Society), 
RYHOPE, NEAR SUNDERLAND, ENGLAND. 


A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York. 


MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0+ 


GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, 


Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting 
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and 
Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. 


AOINTED 
FOLDING NET : ; 
Other articles are being added, Send for List. 


—SPECIMENS OF— 
eee deo Lepidoptera, Orthoptera Coleopte:a, Hymenoptera, Shells, Ete, 


Ss a LE .! \ REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan. 
\ LEITZ’S MICROSCOPES 






















Used by the Principal Universities and 
= Schools of the Dominion. = 


RANGE IN PRICE FROM $21 TO $175 
An Illustrated Catalogue on Application. 


igi NDS ONS a CO. 
















: == MONTREAL, 
enim -i- -i-  -:-  -:- Agents for the Dominion of Canada.. 





BUTTERELIES OF NORTH AMERICA. 





Part XIII., Vol., 3, will issue 1st October, 1892. Contents: Chzonobas Calais ;- 
C. Jutta, and all stages; C. Crambis; C. Brucet, and all stages. Three plates, 
Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. II., bound, $45. 


Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CAMBRIDGE, Mass. 


a (oN AS KIT OR Se, 
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER 1n ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES. 


Fine Carlsbader Insect 
Pins a specialty. Price List 
sent on application. 

78 Ashland Place, 
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. Y, 
























THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 
e 


General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. - 
Editing Committee—J]. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ; 
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London. 





ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 

Hor Ordinary Wem bers << jorccetsstee oe, stata eae oestataatnntia an vk Oats Maistre tenets $1 00 
For, Associate" Members: insthe: United StateSasns.2.0 a0's's sacs sere eece ees I 00 
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere................... D2 
» The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and - 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications | 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order, 
Canadian, U. S. or English Stamps. Cheques on local banks not received, 


unless 25c. is added for collecting. 
J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer. 


All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, : 
; Victoria Hall, London, Ont. 
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the 
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. © 


ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 


Kordeach sinsertion;. persineh’ 1b: Grantee ero sows Seno xed she teste $25.50 
WHE-iNCh Per’ YEAR= </5 Seve rateie.srcl etek geatecbars ik Wieksyel aint eyaapeaesoee ate eae 4 00 
Hlal fe pages stim" caene ale vid’ <isjersieee toes Auk, Cote oe) EME Reto relat tace ee eee 10 00 
Whole 1 Hoh a vadecre waite cetpitg 3) Suake re iel'sjiv Sue \onateperar ately ca ake col uneceteney des Fa eS I5 00 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 24 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and 
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less). 
Single copies, 10c, each. 

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers 
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2cts. postage to Canada and 
United States. 


SUPPLIES FOR SALH. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to § inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada 
and United States, and registration fee 5c. 

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per 
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis- 
tration fee 5c. 

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET 

USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement, 

1887, and has a synonymical list conhecting by number the names of the old 

list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too 

great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will 
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. | Address, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ont. 


























Canadian Entomologist 


VOLUME XXXVI. 


No. 4. 





CATOCALA RELICTA, 


EDIGGE Dy B Y. 


REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, "s. 


fi Ra) -~ C } ¥ 
PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. fi A (<1 |? 
1 oy - ‘<> 
Jaq i { jet 
+ So f+ Yio t ~ § ht 
: {ry S hey 
— . > 
; : ; } cy : 
« <2) 
APRIL, 1894. qu Oe 
, V4 


LONDON: 
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY. 
1894, 




















THE NATURALISTS JOURNAL: 


EbITED BY H. K. Swaun, ~ 
With the assistance of A, H. Waters, B. A., A. Ford, and H. Durrant. 

A monthly magazine for Collectors and Students of Natural Hi- story ; twenty font 
to twenty-eight pages ; high-class illustrations ; first-class articles for Entomologists, 
Ornithologists Conchologists and Botanists. Free exchange column. Best advertising 
medium. Annual subscription (post free) one dollar. Advertising rates : per inch 
(fifty words) one dollar. Net cash in advance. Sample copy ten-cents. . 

American Office and Depot : 


PH. HEINSBERGER, 15 First Avenue, New Ycrk, International Bureau : Books, Postage 
Stamps, Curiosities, &c. 











EXCHANGE. 
Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of thts column. Notices over three lines are 
liable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. 





COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor- 
caschema wildii to exchange. also fine specimens. of the following Lepidoptera: — 
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua, 
hobomok, etc. PHILIP LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. 


Diprera.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will 
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidze 
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho, : 


Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi- 
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N, DUNNING, 43 Niles Street, 
Hartford, Conn. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s 
collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and Polyphomus. JAMES 
TouGH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago. 


Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Gloveri et Cecropia, 
Ceanothi et eee and other rare moths, | Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P, 
Pithecium. Emity L. Morron, Newburgh, N. Y., New Windsor Delivery. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all ince of butterflies and moths from 
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make bbered exchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE, 
Keota, Iowa. 


HYBRID COCOONS ex Ceanothi et Cecropia now for sale or exchange for rare, per- 
fect Sphineide, Arctiide, Bombycide, Catocale and Diurni not in my collection. Dr. 
RicHarp E. Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York. 


WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works 
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A. 
Indian. Send for list. Wm D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. 


Exotic ICHNEUMONID.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu- 
' monidee for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C. Davis, Agricul- — 
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan. 


Dup.icaTEes.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera, 
also British Lepidoptera (unset). D&s1pERATA.—Correctly named types of American 
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR ForpD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke 
Road. Hastings, Sussex, England. 


WantTED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica, Will 
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers ; have also perfect 
specimens stretched of <Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J. 
WEITH, Ellchart, Ind. : 


WantTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating 
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I 
offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. bs een c 
WICKHAM; Iowa City, Iowa. 


Pror. J. B. Smiru, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision 
of the Deltoid group cf the Noctuidz. and desires material from all parts of the country. 
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such 
specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U_ 
S National Museum. 


BUTTERELIES OF NORTH AMERICA. 





Part XIV., Vol. 3, will issue 1st November, 1893. Contents: Neominois 
Ridingsii. and all stages ; Chionobas (ino; Chionobas Macounii and stages. Three 
plates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. IIL., $45. : 

Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CAMBRIDGE, MAss, 


ITWELVE MONTHS. 


THE CANADIAN BEE JOURNAL, a live bee paper edited by R. F. Holtermann, 
will be sent to any new subscriber for twelve months for 50 cenis, stamps or silver. 
Renewals, $1.00 per year. Address: GooLD, SHAPLEY & MUIR ‘COMPANY (Ltd.), 


Brantford, Canada. 
sO CENTS. 
A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York. 


MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0+ 


GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, 


Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting 
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and 
Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. 
Other articles are being added, Send for List. 






















- 
JOINTED 
FOLDING NET \ 


—SPECIMENS OF— 
aS | Japanese Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Shells, Etc. 


SALE si REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan. 
7 LEITZ’S 3 MICROSCOPES 


Used by the Principal Universities and 
= Schools of the Dominion. = 


RANGE IN PRICE FROM $21 TO $175 
An Illustrated Catalogue on Application. 


YM ALN SONS & CO, 


MONTREAL, 


<I- 000 Si -I- -:- Agents for the Dominion of Canada. 


‘PAGCIEIC - COAST - COLEOPTERA 


—o—o--0—o—o— 














Send for new list (No. 12), giving names and prices of six rollaetions of fifty species 
(200 specimens) each, for from $2 to $10 per collection These are first- class speci- 
mens, correctly named, and are suitable for schools or private cabinets. 


L. E. RICKSECKER, OccipenraL, Sonoma Co., CAL. 


oe ee AC EUR ST 
TAXIDERMIST ann DEALER in ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES. 


Fine Carlsbader Insect 
Pins a specialty. Price List 
sent on application. 

78 Ashland Place, 
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. Y. 


























THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 





General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 
Editing Committee—]. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ; 
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London. 


ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 


For, Ordinary “Members so) J:n5(6 7:0 ay0's15 7's Siiate's are nla se ale soja aiaisre a tea tees ote $1 00 
For Associate Members in the United States...... Ofasielats sialuineters eiarphere 1/00 
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere/.........4...200 I 25 


The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order, 
Canadian, U. S. or English Stamps. ‘Cheques on local banks not received, 
unless 25c. is added for collecting. 


J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer. 
All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ont. 


All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the 
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. 


ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 


HOLeACH MMSENLION, sDEL yIMCI ec core sess. vie olareinehiascr memes oeenaie ate etelors ‘See Dae gO 
OMe aINChy PEL VEAL wake. a's oye leier lamibee Raph ei ame eekale ih once ae 4 00 
Halfispage Se stic ss eavase. cet are eonee tar jae te More vacaua -seek are uy races ie anne ete Io 00 
Whole TL) 47m alieisa) pl ave tan atacetAel. 8 witersplcel v Pale led teamea tron obeton Mek ate rinke ta ietet ete ReeaNae aaah aetet 15 00 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 24 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and 
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each ee of six volumes or less). 
Single copies, 10c. each. 

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers 
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2cts. postage to Canada and 
United States. 


SUPPLIES FOR SALE. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000, Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada 
and United States, and registration fee 5c. 

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; ¥% inch, 15 cts, per 
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis- 
tration fee Sc. 

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET 
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement, 
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old 
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too 
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will 
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. | Address, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ont. 

















Obe 


| Canadian Entomologist 


VOLUME XXVI. 





CATOCALA RELICTA, 


EDITED BY 





Rev. Cob S. BETHUNE, 


PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 


MAY, 1894. 





LONDON: 
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY, 
1894, 














THE NATURALIST’S JOURNAL. 


EDITED BY H. K. SwAun, 
With the assistance of A, H. Waters, B. A., A. Ford, and H. Durrant. 

A monthly magazine for Collectors and Stucents of Natural History ; twenty four 
lo twenty-eight pages ; high-class illustrations ; first-class articles for Entomologists, 
Ornithologists, Conchologists and Botanists. Free exchange column. Best advertising: 
medium. Annual subscription (post free) one dollar. Advertising rates : per inch 
(fifty words) one dollar. Net cash in advance. Sample copy ten-cents. 

American Office and Depot:: : 


Pu. HEINSBERGER, 15 First Avenue, New York, International Bureau ; Books, Postage 
Stamps, Curiosities, &c. 











EXCHANGE. 


Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are 
liable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. 


COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor- 
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: — 
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua, 
hobomok, etc. PHILIP LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. 


DriprerRA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will 
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodide: 
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho. 


Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi-. 
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N, DUNNING, 43 Niles Street, 
Hartford, Conn. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s 
collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and GE JAMEs- 
ToucH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago. 


Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Gloveri et Cecropia, ; 
Ceanothi et Cecropia, and other rare moths, Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P. 
Pithecium. Emity L. Morton, Newburgh, N. Y., New Windsor Delivery. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from 
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberalexchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE, 
Keota, Iowa. ; 


HYBRID COCOONS ex Ceanothi et Cecropia now for sale or exchange for rare, per- 
fect Sphingide, Arctiidae, Bombycide, Catocale and Diurnz not in my collection. Dr, 
RicHARD E, Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York. 


WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections, Will exchange works. . 
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A. 
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. 


Exotic ICHNEUMONID.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu- 
monidz for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C, DAviIs, Agricul- 
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan. 


DuPLicaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Gotenpnes 
also British Lepidoptera (unset). D&sSIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American: 
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni, ARTHUR ForD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke- 
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England. 


WantTED.—Amblychila cylindriformts, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Will 
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect 
specimens stretched of Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J. 
WeITH, Elkhart, Ind. 


WANTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating” 
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I 
offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. is fel oe 
WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. 


Pror. J. B. Smiru, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision: 
of the Deltoid group of the Noctuidz, and desires material from all parts of the country. 
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such: 
specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U 
S. National Museum. + eee 


BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA. 





__Part XIV., Vol. 3, will issue 1st November, 1893. Contents: Neominois 
Ridingsii, and all stages ; Chionobas CEno ; Chionobas Macounii and stages. Three 
plates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. II.,. $45. 


Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CAMBRIDGE, Mass. 





B We manufacture all kinds of Bee-keepers’ Supplies, 
such as Hives, Honey Extractors, Comb Foundation 
and Sections. We received four awards at the 

B World’s Fair, Chicago. Bees for sale. Circular and 
Price List, also sample copy Canadian Bee Journal 


B’sS tree. GOOLD, SHAPLEY & MUIR CO. (Ltd.), Brantford, Ont. 
A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York. 


MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS Oh 


GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, 


Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting 





















fo aa 
ZA ai et Oiberaniicles a Ba added, Send for List. 
—SPECIMENS OF— 
| sapanse Lepidoptera, Orthoptera. Coleopte'a, Hymenoptera, Shells, Etc. 
SALE = | REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan. 
3 NEW EDITION : 
OF 








J, HUBNER'S SAMMLUNG EXOTISCHER SCHMETTERLINGE (Exotic Butterflies. ) 


Subscription price, $130 for the whole work, which includes 664 coloured plates. 
This new edition is published in parts of ten coloured plates each at $1.35. Specimens 
of etchings sent post free on demand. 

~P. WYTSMAN, Scientific Bookseller, 1 rue del’Arbre, Brussels (Belgium). 


PACIFIC - COAST - COLEOPTERA 


—o—0--0—o—o— 





- Eight hundred species for sale in single specimens or collections. Correct names ! 
Exact localities! First-class specimens ! 
My annual price list, No. 13, is ready and will be sent on application. 


L. E. RICKSECKER, OcciDENTAL, SONOMA Co., CAL. 


ooo Ae EO a Se, 
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER 1n ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES. 


Fine Carlsbader Insect 
Pins a specialty. Price List 
ent on application. 

78 Ashland Place, 
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. Y. 


Pe, 














THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. | 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 
Editing Committee—]. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ; 
REY. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London. 





ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 


Bor Ordinary Members: saee's ae. cntare bas etl eiore hccreiet ais ont winta ane aetsie latent $1 00 
For Associate Members in the United States.......... 2200 ceseeo cere I 00 
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere. ...........+-+2++0- I 25 


The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order, 
Canadian or U. S. Stamps. -Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c. 


is added for collecting. J. A. BALKWILL, T 
ee , Treasurer. 


All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ont. 
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the 
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. 


ADVERTISING RATHS. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 


For each insertion, per inch ....... Sema ot asie sia atcls wigeretn oa acme ear $ 50 
One“inchG per yearci cine noni cistale s ooh Be energ fiw eaten niohere et ae eaiae ve Seles 4 00 
Half page, 1st weaane wa ecco aes See Ee ee er Cee 10 00 
Whole 1 UPS pee ale tes Saeed Se lsea pale tote bays, sohertevons. 6! ebeiesar exons *wie.e siulbceoe epule.e - I5 00 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes I to 25 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and 
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less). 
Single copies, Ioc, each. 

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers 
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2cts. postage to Canada and 
United States. 


SUPPLIES FOR SALE. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos, 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada 
and United States, and registration fee 5c. 

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per 
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis- 
tration fee 5c. 

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET 
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement, 
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old 
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too 
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will 
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address, 

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 

Victoria Hall, London, Ontario. 



























Che 


anadian Entomologist 


VOLUME XXXVI. 





No. 7. . 








CATOCALA RELICTA, 


EDITED BY 





REV. CJS. BETHUNE 9 oo" 





PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 
Sa a 


JULY, 1894. 


LONDON: 





LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY. 
1894, 

















EXCHANGE. 


Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are 
liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. 





OcHYRIA FERRUGATA.—Pupe of this geometer, for which British Lepidoptera will 
be exchanged, are much desired by Louris B. Prout, 12 Greenwood Road, Palston, 
London, N. E,, England, 


FLEAS.—From any birds or mammals, Will name for duplicates, purchase, or 
give in exchange Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, or Coleoptera. CARL F. Baker, Fort 
Collins, Colo. 


WANTED.—In good condition, the January, February, April and June numbers of | 
‘ The American Naturalist,” Vol. XXIII., 1889. Address. J. Atston Morrat, 
Librarian of the Entomological Society of Ontario, London, Ont. 


S. Catalpe, WUybrids of Columbta-Cecropia and Ceanotht Cecropia, against S. 
Lugens, S. Coloradus, L. Gaure, Smer. Cerysit, Pleretes parthenos and other varieties. 
Dr. R. E. Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York City. 


COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor- 
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: — 
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua, 
hobomok, etc. PHriL1p LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. 


DirerERA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will 
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidze 
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho. 


Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi- 
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N. DUNNING, 43 Niles Street, 
Hartford, Conn. 

LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s 
collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and Polyphomus. JAMES 
TouGH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago. ‘ 

Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Gloveri et Cecropia, 
Ceanothi et Cecropia, and other rare moths. Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P. 
Pithecium. Emity L. Morton, Newburgh, N. Y., New Windsor Delivery. 

LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from 
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberalexchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE, 
Keota, Iowa. 2 

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works 
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A. 
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. 

Exotic ICHNEUMONID.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu- 
monidz for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G, C, DAVIs, Agricul- 
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan. 


Dup LicaTes.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera, — 





also British Lepidoptera (unset). Dg&sIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American — 


and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR ForD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke 
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England. 

WantED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Will 
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect 
specimens stretched of <Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J. 
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind. 

WANTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating 
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I 
offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. H. F. 
Wickuam, Iowa City, Iowa. , 

Pror. J. B. SmitH, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision 
of the Deltoid group of the N octuidze, and desires material from all parts of the country. | 
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such 


specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U. — 


S. National Museum. 


BUTTERELIES OF NORTH AMERICA. 





Part XV., Vol. 3, now ready. Contents: Argynnis, Astarte and Alberta, with 
stages ; Chionobas subhyalina, Norma, Semidea and varieties, with all stages. Three 
plates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. II., $45. 


Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CAMBRIDGE, Mass. 
THE - NATURALISTS’ - JOURNAL 


EDITED BY A. FORD AND A. H. WATERS, B. A. F. S. SC. 


The cheapest illustrated natural history magazine in the world! Under entirely 
new management, and the new volume, which begins in July, will be enlarged to thirty- 
six pages and considerably improved. Entomology will be the especial feature of the 
journal, and articles will appear by well-known entomologists. Hints to field naturalists, 
records and observations, free exchange column, etc., etc. Annual subscription, 60c. 
(post free) from A. H. WATERS, B. A. Fz S. Sc., etc., 

Managing Editor, Cambridge, England. 


A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York. 


MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0} 


GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, 


Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting 
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and 
Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. 
Other articles are being added, Send for List. 
















mn 


ao 
JOINTED 
FOLOING NEF 


—SPECIMENS OF— 
Oe Japanese Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Coleopte:a, Hymenoptera, Shells, Etc. 


Ss A TK e REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan. 
: NEW EDITION : 


OF 


J, HUBNER’S SAMMLUNG EXOTISCHER SCHMETTERLINGE (Exotic Buttertles. ) 


Subscription price, $130 for the whole work, which includes 664 coloured plates, 
This new edition is published in parts of ten coloured plates each at $1.35. Specimens 
of etchings sent post free on demand, 


P. WYTSMAN, Scientific Bookseller, 79 Rue Neuve, Brussels (Belgium). 
PACIFIC - COAST - COLEOPTERA 


—o—0--0—o—o— 

















Eight hundred species for sale in single specimens or collections. Correct names ! 
Exact localities! First-class specimens ! 
My annual price list, No. 13, is ready and will be sent on application. 


L. E. RICKSECKER, OcciDENTAL, SONOMA Co., CAL. 


: Sg 6S ME = BABS Bee Nee See me Re © Be oe oe 
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER 1n ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES. 


Fine Carlsbader Insect 
Pins a specialty. Price List 
ent on application. 

78 Ashland Place, 
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. Y 























THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 





General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 
Editing Committee—J]. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ; 


REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec ; J. H. BOWMAN, London. 
ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 3 





For Ordinary. Meniber$ (4. occa wth =i oes peewee ard teen were seats $1 00 
For Associate Members in the United States..........-eeeeeeeeeceres I 00 
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere..... Pitaalatetiergeceiats I 25 

The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order, 
Canadian or U. S. Stamps. Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c. 


is added for collecting. J}. A. BALKWILL, Treas yj 
. A. , Treasurer. 


All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ont. 
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the 
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. 





ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 
For each: insertion,* per vine his. we tiisrelsoueietere cotta yo scyenePals s'afctereinis\ie sm yao 
Onerinch: per, year As sacs. viele aye tases gacepolereimgeln 1h) Wine ipisestnielocatarelatysbets 4 00 
Fl al ft pag es 2 15 wrieseca me miele atecela atete'e el aiar pre vote saber ehedehene ice le) Sec avr eka eietatele IO 00 
Whole n 10m Tp rae Torce els) 0 nol eNWiaials| ef enolul plidbeta foe elec anal ste sniskelvecane nt aie eaters « I5 00 
Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes I to 25 can be supplied at 
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can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2 cts. postage to Canada and 
United States. 


i SUPPLIES FOR SALE. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada 
and United States, and registration fee 5c. 

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per 
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis- 
tration fee 5c. 

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET 
USE,.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement, 
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old 
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too 
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will 
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ontario. 


a 








Single copies, 10c. each. 
Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers 


























Che 


anadian Entomologist 


VOLUME XXXVI. 





No. | 8. 





CATOCALA RELICTA, 


EDIT, E'D-B.Y 


REV do. BEDHUNE, 


PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 





AUGUST, 1894. 


LONDON: af Ne 
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY. on 
1894. 





EXCHANGE. 


Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are 
liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. 


OcHYRIA FERRUGATA,—Pupez of this geometer, for which British Lepidoptera will 
be exchanged, are much desired by Louis B. Prout, 12 Greenwood Road, Dalston, 
London, N. E, England. 


EF Seen rom any birds or mammals, Will name for duplicates, purchase, or 
give in exchange Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, or Coleoptera, CarL F, BAKER, ‘Fort 
Collins, Colo. : 


WANTED.—In good condition, the January, February, April and June numbers of 
‘The American Naturalist,” Vol. XXIII, 1889. Address J. ALSTON MOoFFarT, 
Librarian of the Entomological Society of Ontario, London, Ont. 


S. Catalpe, Uybrids of Columbia-Cecropia and Ceanothi Cecropia, against S. 
Lugens, S. Coloradus, L. Gaure, Smer. Cerysti, Pleretes parthenos and other varieties, 
Dr. R. E. Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York City. 


COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor- 
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: — 
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon. cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua, 
hobomok, etc. PHiL1p LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. 


DipPrERA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will 
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidze 
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho. 


Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi- 
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N. DUNNING, 43 Niles Street, 
Hartford, Conn. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from 
Canada and the Rocky Mountains, Will make liberalexchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE, 
Keota, Iowa. : 

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works 
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A. 
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. 


Exotic ICHNEUMONID/.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu- 
monidz for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C, DAVISs, Bereds 
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan. 


Dup.icaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleopt: ra, 
also British Lepidoptera (unset). _DESIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American 
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR FoRD, Glenmount, 107 Braybro 
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England. 

WANTED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. 
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also per 
specimens stretched of Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R 
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind. g 





B We manufacture all kinds of Bee-keepers’ Suppli- 

such as Hives, Honey Extractors, Comb Foundati. 
and Sections. We received four awards at 

B World’s Fair, Chicago. Bees for sale. Circularée « 

Price List, also sample copy Canadian Bee Jour 


B’s free. GOOLD, SHAPLEY & MUIR CO. (Ltd.), Brantford, Ont. 








BUTTERELIES OF NORTH AMERICA. 





Part XV., Vol. 3, now ready. Contents : Argynnis, Astarte and Alberta, with 
stages ; Chionobas subhyalina, Norma, Semidea and varieties, with all stages. Three 
plates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. II., $45. 


Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CampripcE, Mass. 
THE - NATURALISTS’ - JOURNAL, 


EDITED BY A. FORD AND S, L. MOSLEY, F. E. S. 


The cheapest illustrated natural history magazine in the world! Under entirely 
new management, and the new volume, which begins in July, will be enlarged to thirty- 
six pages and considerably improved. Entomology will be the especial feature of the 
journal, and articles will appear by well-known entomologists. Hints to field naturalists, 
records and observations, free exchange column, etc., etc. Annual subscription, 60c, 
(post free) from S. L. Mostey, F. E. S, Managing Editor, 

Economic Museum, Beaumont Park, Huddersfield, Eng. 


A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, New York: 


MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0} 


GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, 


Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting 
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and 


4 
 oisine ner Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. 
. . Other articles are being added, Send for List, 


—SPECIMENS OF— 
oh adic | dapanese Lepidoptera, Orthoptera Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Shells, Etc. 


Ss aA LW @ f REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan. 
= NEW EDITION s 


OF 


J, HUBKER’S SAMMLUNG EXOTISCHER SCHMETTERLINGE (Exotic Butterflies.) 


Subscription price, $130 for the whole work, which includes 664 coloured plates, 
This new edition is published in parts of ten coloured plates each at $1.35. Specimens 
of etchings sent post free on demand. 


P. WYTSMAN, Scientific Bookseller, 79 Rue Neuve, Brussels (Belgium). 


RARE EXOTIC COCOONS FOR SALE. 


Caligula Simla, '75 cts.; Giant Atlas, $1.25; Actias Selene, 75 cts.; 
Antheraea Mylitta, 45 cts.; Actias Isabellae, $1.75; Actias 
Mimosae, $3.25; Saturnia Pyri, 25 cts. each. 





















Full cash strictly in advance, as no cocoons, etc., will be forwarded otherwise. Exchange 
not entertained. A. WILLIAMS, 46 Trinity Rd., East Finchley, England. 


JOR AKHURS)T. 
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER in ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES. 


Fine Carlsbader Insect 
Mtay Hs. Pins a specialty. Price List 
= sent on application. 


78 Ashland Place, 
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. ¥ 


























THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. | 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 
Editing Committee—J. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ; 
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London. | 





ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 


Hor Ordinary _Members rice ss tae eae Sa eat te Soe eee ote eet ede -$1 00 
For Associate Members in the United States............00ceecceuees I 00 
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere.............-.+4+ , es 


The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order, 
Canadian or U. S. Stamps, Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c. 


is added for collecting. 
J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer. 


All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ont. 
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the 
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. 


ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 





HOr Gach: IGSerHOn pepe LACH: is \yrrihy actete vateon chee ones gee ened Saas ena ei oan $ 50 
Onetinch ~perayearr secs se saat wots as heater tee ROC See SCE ee i On 
Half pages a Are oAaetateolese, tenon ine ute Walder oe eae Se aoe EMERY OR cena eee 10 00 
Whole n ANA ice tesa cere Peleg a Uae serene ne tetaes Crk Ie ect ais to es ae ae ame ah ier eae 15 00 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 25 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and 
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less). 
Single copies, 10c. each. 

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers |}, 
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2 cts. postage to Canada and 
United States. 





SUPPLIES FOR SALE. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos, 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada 
and United States, and registration fee 5c. 

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; 7 inch, 15 cts. per 
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis- 
tration fee be, 

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET 
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement, 
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old 
iist (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too 
great to allow of the ready recognition of the 1..w name. These lists will 
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address, 

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ontario. 














Che 


Canadian Entomologist 


VOLUME XXXVI. 


No. 9. 








CATOCALA RELICTA, 


EDITED BY 


BEV20. J2 SO BERHUNE, 


PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 





+ >o<+—__ 


SEPTEMBER, 1894. 


LONDON: 
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY. 
1894. 











EXCHANGE. 


Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are 
liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. 





RHEUMATOBATES RILEYI.—Specimens of this rare water bug, described in 
Vol. IV. and V. of ‘‘Insect Life,” for exchange for Coleoptera. Rost. L. JuNG- 
HANNS, Ithaca, N. Y. 


FLEAS,—From any birds or mammals. Will name for duplicates, purchase, or 
give in exchange Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, or Coleoptera. CARL F, Baker, Fort 
Collins, Colo. 


S. Catalpe, Hybrids of Columbia-Cecropia and Ceanotht Cecropia, against S. 
Lugens, S. Coloradus, L. Gaure, Smer. Ceryszz, Pleretes parthenos and other varieties. 
Dr. R. E, KUNZE, 606 Third Avenue, New York City. 


COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor- 
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: — 
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon, cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua, 
hobomok, etc. PHILIP LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. 


DripTerA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will 
also name as far as I can for the ‘privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidze 
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho. 


Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi- 
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N. DUNNING, 43 Niles Street, 
Hartford, Conn. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from 
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberal exchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE, 
Keota, Iowa. 


WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works. 
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A. 
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. DOAN, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. 


Exotic ICHNEUMONID©.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu- 
monidz for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C. Davis, Agricul- 
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan. 


Dup icaTes.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera, 
also British Lepidoptera (unset). _DesIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American 
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni.. ARTHUR FoRD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke 
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England. 


WANTED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Will 
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect 
specimens stretched of Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J. 
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind. 








B We manufacture all kinds of Bee-keepers’ Supplies, 


and Sections. We received four awards at the 
B World’s Fair, Chicago. Bees for sale. Circular and 
Price List, also sample copy Canadian Bee Journal 


B’S | free. GO0LD, SHAPLEY & MUIR CO. (Ltd.), Brantford, Ont. 








such as Hives, Honey Extractors, Comb Foundation 


aS 


Published Monthly, Price Sixpence. 


THH HNTOMOTLOGIST. 
Edited by John T. Carrington, F. L. S. 
An ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO., Stationers’ Hall Court, 
London, Eng. 


5 


North American Lepidoptera. 








THE HAWK MOTHS OF NORTH AMERICA: By A. RADCLIFFE 
Grote, A. M. . ; 


This work in pamphlet form will be sent on remitting price of One 
Dollar, by the publishers, Homeyer & Meyer, by the Author, Bremen, 
Germany ; or address Rithle & Schlenker, Booksellers, Bremen. 


ROYAL SOCIETY of CANADA, 


I beg to call the attention of the members of the Entomological Society to the 
approaching meeting in May of the above Society. If any of our members have any 
papers which they wish to communicate to that distinguished body, I shall be happy 
to have them correspond with me on the subject without delay. 


H. H. LYMAN (Delegate), 74 McTavish St., Montreal. 











NOW READY. 
A new and revised Zist of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico, by Samuel 


_ Henshaw, assisted by Dr. George H. Horn, -Published by the American Entomological 


Society. Edition limited. Price, $1.25. Price List of Entomological papers for 

sale, mailed on application. 
. E. T. CRESSON, TREASURER, 

P. O. Box 1577, Philadelphia, Pa. 


PAMPHIGmA and CATOCALTA. 


The undersigned will pay good price, either in cash or exchange, for perfect 
specimens of Pamphila and Catocala. : y 


PHILIP LAURENT, 621 Marshall St., Philadelphia, Penn. 


BUTTERFLIES OF INDIA FOR SALE. 








One hundred and fifty Indian Butterflies of loo named varieties for £1 I6s., free. 
Common species, three and four pence each ; rarer species, 6d., 8d, and Is. each, 
Address, 


REV. W. A. HAMILTON, Chaplain of Shillong, Assam, Tndia. 














THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


General Editor-—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 
Editing Committe—WM. SAUNDERS, Ottawa; J. M. DENTON, London ; 
CAPT. GAMBLE GEDDES and DR, BRODIE, Toronte. 





ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 


Mor MOvainary  MPEMDES; ee pil Oe orld ere lberte penta Ces pa + oe eae atemtapes $1 00 | 
For ‘Associate :\Members in the United Statés. is... since cece ete. vie oe al I 00 
For Associate Members in England.,............ As heBialeiste a owls rates 4s. sterling 


For Associate Members elsewhere 


The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 


Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, Postal Note, 
Camadian, U. S. or English Stamps, P. O. Order or draft on New York, but 
cheques on local banks will not be received. 


All remittances and other business communications should be addressed to 
the Secretary-Treasurer of the Society, W. E. SAUNDERS, 240 Central Ave, 
London, Ontario, Send all manuscript for publication to the General Editor. 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back. volumes 1 to 19 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation. 


Annual Reports.—1870 to 1873 inclusive are out of print; later numbers 
can be supplied at 50 cents each, 


ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 


Foreach)insertiqh per, Ineh 425, dejo saetels vie bse g ye cite heh cae oie bermiatenels ote $ 50 
Ope neh sper yearn O55 ae a eee estar behitc (oleh caimbeed Wann as Jo Ri gtetaee oleae 4 00 
Hl alit pages uci) “Si kse suaipesaroene oan Gapvaites Mea ceus ise els eonewterauenatal Nk! Oates ae teaet IO 00 
Whole ;: 1) Sa eet eo 1b, VP OV oe Neneivehe teubparaiele {> ote Wee’) oie sare lle ual >. els vallag her enae 15 00 
Exchange notices of 2 lines, each insertion, ........... .65 weseserees 25 
Additional matter in exchange notices, per line.......... 0.2.20. -e eee 5 


SUPPLIES FOR SALE. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 4 inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos. 5 and 6, in packages of 250 each, $1 per tooo. Postage extra. (New 
lot just received ; in all sizes.) 

CORK —Double thickness, 30 cts. per square foot. Postage extra. 


LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA.—Price 15 cts. each, uideure 55 
families, 432 genera, and 1231 species (for labelling cabinets). 
Printed Numbers, in sheets, 1 to 2000, for labelling cabinets. 
Price 1octs. each set. Postage extra. 




















Canadian Entomologist 


VOLUME. XxX Xvi: 


No. 10. 














a 
Le ~ 
- ve 1h 
vn YY * 
CATOCALA RELICTA, 7 . hay 2 
3 ey Pe 
So ea ee 
2 : - Ps. 
- > (ay aa CA 
EDITED BY ity Pe” i Sah 
- rf ‘ vt “i ; 
> an 
rr a 


47 > 
LA 


REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, eee 


” 


_ ¢ 
See 





PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. | 





OCTOBER, 1894. 


LONDON: 
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY. 
1894, 

















EXCHANGE. 


Subscribers are tnuited to make liberal use of thts column. Notices over three lines are 
liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. 








RHEUMATOBATES RILEYI. ~—Specimens of this rare water bug, described in 
Vol. IV. and V. of ‘Insect Life,” for exchange for Coleoptera. Rort. L, JUNG- 
HANNS, Ithaca, N. Y. 


FLEAS,—From any birds or mammals. Will name for duplicates, purchase, or 
give in exchange Hymenoptera, jie ae or Coleoptera. CARL F, BAKER, Fort 
Collins, Colo. 


S. Catalpe, Wybrids of Columbia- Cocropia and Ceanotht Cecropia, against S. 
Lugens, S. Coloradus, L. Gaure, Smer. Cerysit, Pleretes parthenos and other varieties. 
Dr. R. E. Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York City. 


COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor- 
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: — 
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, iamatpadeee 
hobomok, etc. Pare Lav RENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. 


DipreRA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will 
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidz 
especially desired, J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho. 


Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomalogists, especi- 
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N, DUNNING, 43 Niles Street, 
Hartford, Conn. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from 
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. _ Will make liberalexchanges, A. S. VAN WINKLE, 
Keota, Iowa. 


WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works 
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A. 
Indian. Send for list) Wm. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. - 


Exoric ICHNEUMONID@.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu- 
monidze for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C, DAvis, Agricul- 
tural College, Ingham Co,, Michigan. 


DupPLicaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera, 
also British Lepidoptera (unset). ; 
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR ForpD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke 
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England. 





WANTED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Will 
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect 
specimens stretched of <Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J. 
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind. 





B | We manufacture all kinds of Bee-keepers’ Supplies, 
| such as Hives, Honey Extractors, Comb Foundation — 

-and Sections. We received four awards at the 
B World’s Fair, Chicago. Bees for sale. Circular and 
Price List, also sample copy Canadian Bee Journal 


B’s free. GOOLD, SHAPLEY & MUIR CO. (Ltd.), Brantford, Ont, 











TO SUBSCRIBERS. a 


The Entomological Society will soon issue 
a new Mailing List. All persons who wish 
any corrections in their address as at present 
issued, will oblige by sending word to 


W. E. SAUNDERS, Secretary, 
London, Ont. 








Published Monthly, Price Sixpence. 


THE HNTOMOLOGIST. 
Edited by John T: Carrington, F. L. S. 
AN ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO., Stationers’ Hall Court, 
London, Eng. 








EXCHANGE. 


Under this heading two lines will be inserted for 25 cts.; additional matter, 10 cts. per line. 








DUPLICATES FOR EXCHANGE.—Cocoons and Puy of Eacles imperialis, Actias 
luna, Hyperchiria io, Callosamia angulifera (nec Cynthia), Smerinthus excecatus, and 
many. others, beside set specimens. Lists exchanged. Miss Emity L. Morton, 
Newburgh, New York, Box 228. 














THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 
Editing Committe—WNM. SAUNDERS, Ottawa; J. M. DENTON, London ; 
CAPT. GAMBLE GEDDES and DR. BRODIE, Toronto. 





ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 


Hor? Ordinary Members.) ay) des apnea uatels pia edele Raa i ale doe oes $1 00 
For Associate Members in the United States.... 2.5... .c.c cesses ce I 00 
Hor Associate: Members| im Enolandegies seis «sic. fw) ste ale eyaioeiare ine 4s, sterling 
Hor Associate ‘Members elsewheres © oxic: o'yieis cis sistas pains oq atialeneerg aera $1 25 


The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 


Remittances and other business communications should be addressed to the 
Secretary-Treasurer of the Society, W. E. SAUNDERS, 240 Central Ave, 
London, Ontario. All exchanges and articles for insertion, etc., to the General 
Editor. 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 18 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation. 


Annual Reports.—Fifteen have been issued; the back numbers can be 
supplied at 50c. each, excepting the three earlier ones, which are out of print. 


ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 


Hor ast, insertion, per ancliyy-) stale seis fayatieleretays) « sack nies relate ie letere ate Stetina et $ 1 00 
Hor exch subsequent. lasertions : lig. oi swe ay'e og ila, oa ane g ae Pee tit 50 
One vineh: Per: Year.) seme vad aelay vely ie a ea neste oe ale Atte, Mie etacals le etait e nantes 4 00 
Half page, 1 Fee eai eee bie w, Le) pa Rt ulbin setehon” fejelcaliv Wel si) aile! ilel Slgh eid) eGajmse ss nialala ne jeceuare IO 0O 
Whole » V9. 72s WipNe ce Se \iatib. sy « ,o%e) Bali uate nausiteKellenep lel oie e Siie jn. wil teteielaavas wya've tela blo avatie 15 00 
Exchange notices of 2 lines, each insertion.........., Eh ddatileGors ty xa ha vonaly 25 
Additional matter in exchange notices, per line..............0+.eee>- 10 


SUPPLIES FOR SALE. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 4 inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos. 5 and 6, in packages of 250 each, $1 per 1000, Postage extra. (The 
Society is temporarily out of No. 5). 

CORK —Double thickness, 30 cts. persquare foot. Postage extra. 

LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA.—Price 15 cts, each, embracing 55 

families, 432 genera, and 1231 species (for labelling cabinets), 

Printed Numbers, in sheets, 1 to 2000, for labelling cabinets. 

Price 10 cts. each set. Postage extra. 




















ANNUAL MEETING AT LONDON, ON WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7TH. 








be 


Canadian Entomologist 


VOLUME XXXVI. 


No. 11. 





\\ Na 
— 





"asi 
CATOCALA RELICTA, 


EDITED BY 





REV. C. J. S. BETHUNES 


PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 


a 


NOVEMBER, 1894. 


' LONDON: 
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY, 
1894, 






































THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 
Editing Committee—J. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ; 
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London. 





ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 


For-Ordinary>Memberses's fis arches cates eat eee Ae male oe eee $1 00 
For Associate Members in the United States..........-.00.2--0000re I 00 
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere..... Tee Ste aL, thle eae I 25 


The Fees are payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order, 
Canadian or U. S. Stamps, Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c. 


is added for collecting. 
J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer. 


All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to 
Biches i LOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hali, London, Ont. 


All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the 


General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. 


ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 


Borseach-mserlion, pers Anch<= fag coreieere sere ena ee citeea G = F5p 
One: inch “per {years sy waxed otis ree Se eis te kT oA ee neers eee 4 00 
ELAINE apie, say, ie aoe asec, adh aoeme estas Bema ne wcll Se SPR are np ate IO 00 
Whole Wide renetsecaiege Sc pckceel mieasiaee sperens, ea tal 31 bale SRM Seat Sie i avake Iaanenener ciota 15 00 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 25 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and 
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less). 
Single copies, 10c. each. 

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers 
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2cts. postage to Canada and 
United States. 


SUPPLIES FOR SALE. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000, Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada 
and United States, and registration fee 5c. 

CORK.—¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per 
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis- 
tration fee 5c. 

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET 
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement, 
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old 
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too 
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will 
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address, 

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 

Vietoria Hall, London, Ontario. 








Ba Oia 











Che 





anadian Entomologist 


NAOT ETA EON I. 


No. 12. 





CATOCALA RELICTA, 


EDITED BY 


REV€. £°S.-BEYHUNE 


? 
PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 


~~ 5 — 
ae ae 





DECEMBER, 1894. 


LONDON: 
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY. 
1894. 


























THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. 
Editing Committee—J. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ; 
REY. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London. 


ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 


For Ordinary Memibersii3% 5 suites ae Mae wecwe eae Seana nen $1 00 
For Associate Members in the United States..........2.50eceeeeeees I 00 
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere.............--s0e I. 25 


The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and 
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications 
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario 
Government. 

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order, 
Canadian or U. S. Stamps. Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c. 


is added for collecting. 
J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer. 


All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
Victoria Hall, London, Ont. 
. All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the 
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. 


ADVERTISING RATES. 
Payable Strictly in Advance. 


FOrveachsinsertion, Pets ICM) tier. evens eo eretaye lanes a crow aren a retoreaeisosrare Shelareae e250 
Ore “MEN OK LV Earn sore intancisie sey Meat ene atta rer ee TAO eie ee hasta tee arte 4 00 
Foal paren cy hy sis, cvyratetal settee aes Seat theese RertOrsO TE ber oer IC okVOe 10 00 
Whole Thies eiraltay slat e/ietn ila volre na twhale¥e stone leteliel emarenvi sites suau) bi lwtabseesa ays) selragh eraliatate I5 00 


Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 25 can be supplied at 
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and 
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less). 
Single copies, 10c. each. 

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers 
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2 cts. postage to Canada and 
United States. 


SUPPLIES FOR SALE. | 

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos, 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each; 
Nos, 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada 
and United States, and registration fee 5c. a 

CORK.—} inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per 
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis- 
‘tration fee 5c. 

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET 
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement, 
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old 
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too 
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will 
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address, 


Victoria Hall, London, Ontario. 








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