Catalogue of the Mollusca in the collection of the British museum ..

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600037687.

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CATALOGUE

OP THE

MOLLUSCA

IN

THE COLLECTION

OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

PART I.
CEPHALOPODA ANTEPEDIA.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

LONDON: 1849.

CATALOGUE

OP THE

MOLLUSCA

IN

THE COLLECTION

OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

PART I.
CEPHALOPODA ANTEPEDIA.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

LONDON: 1849.

London :

.S^POTTiAwooDBS and Shavt,
New - street* Square,

The chief objects in forming the present 8ynopticQl Cata-
logue have been, to exhibit at one view a complete list of all
llie specimens of Mollosca at present in the British Museum
collection, and to furnish such nn account of the species
tnown to exist io other collections, but which are at present
■lesiderata in the British Museum, as the materials at hand
woold permit me to compile, in order to enable travellers,
collectors, and others, to assist in completing the national
Mllection.

For this purpose, short descriptions have been given of all
the genera and species of recent Mollusca at present known
to exist in the different museums and private collections,
and of the better-known fossil species of the various families.
At the end of each description is added an enumeration
stating the state, age, country, or strata, and other pecu-
liarities, of each specimen of the kind in the Museum
mllection ; and, when the species is not at present in that
collection, the miiseum in which it has been observed is
often added after the general habitat or locahty of the
species. The different individuals of each species contained
in the British Museum collection are indicated by the letters
a, b, c, &c.

Those specimens wliich have been presented to the M\i?fl.mi\
■hare the imoie of the donor marked imined\ate\y «S\fcT \'^^

vi SYSTEMATIC TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Order II. Sephikia— ron^n««d!.

Suborder I. Chondropuora — continued.

Fam. V. LoLioiDJB.

1. Gonatus ...

2. Loligo - . - .
S. Teuthis ...

4. Sepioteuthis ...

5. Teudopsis ...

6. Leptoteuthis ...

7. Beloteuthis -

8. Belemnosepia

9. Rossia . • - .

10. Sepiola ...

11. Fidenas ...

Suborder II. Sepiaphoea.

Fam. VI. Setidjb.

1. Sepia ....

Suborder III. Belsmnopbora,

Fam. VII. LrruiD^.

1. Lituus ....

2. Spirulirostra ...

3. Beloptera ...

4. Belemnopsis (see Appendix)

Fam. VIII. BzLEMNirn)^.

1. Conoteuthis ...

2. Belemuoteuthis

3. Aotinocamax ...

4. Belemnites . . -

Appendix .---...-
Index .*......

INTRODUCTION.

Sdb-Kingdom m. MOLLUSCA.

Body soft, fleshy, deslitiite both of any bony skeleton supporting
jointed limbs, and of a hurd ringed skin, or external skeleton.
Generallv elongate, walking on a single central foot or disk, and
furnished vith one or more paira of organs on the head and
udes. The nervous sjatem consists of a number of medullary
masses distributed to different parts of the body ; one of the
masses placed over the gullet, and enveloping it like a coUar.
The body is furnished with a. muscular coat, called a mantle,
endued with a eliurj humour, and generally furnished with a
calcareous euvehipe called a shell, 9ecrel«<l by the mantle,
and protecting the body, or the more vital organs of the animal.
There is generwir a muntje on each side of the body, each fur-
nished with a shell ; but the shells on the two sides are oflen
very differently sized, that on one of the sides is in some only
ru£nieDtary, and in others they both are wanting in the adult.
Some animals which have two unequal valves in the ftetal, or
very young, state, lose them when they grow up.

UoUia (sect. A. Exangnium) Aiidrav. de Moll. 161 S ; not Eicha.

Mollusca seu MoUia (genus Exanguiiuu) Jonston, de Exang. 16S0.

Malacoderma RaadeL £xrme.

Mollusca (ordo Verraium) Lina. S. N. ed. 10. 641. 652. 1738, ed,
12. ; MiUkr, Z. Dam. Prod. 29. 1776 ; Brag. E.M. 1789.

MoUasca Poli, Tett. Siail. i. 25. 1791 (exclus. Cirripodes) ; Cu-
ciw, Tab. Elan. 1798, Anat. Camp. 1800, Rig. Amm. ii. 1817,
ed. 2. 1830 (excL Cirrhopoda) ; lamck. Syit. 50. 1801, Phil.
Zod. i. 31S. 1809 ; Schwieger, Naturg. 187. 612. 689. 1820. i

Mollusca pars (Testacea) Swainma, Malae. 4, 5, 1840.

Mollusca.ond Conchi fera XamcA. Hist. vi. 259. 1819.

Molloscitte Schlotk. Petref. 46. 1820.

Therozoa Eickwald, Zool. Speciid. i. 238. 1829.

PKDulata Latr.

Gangliiila (Mollusca) Fleming, Brit. Atam,.1.1^.\&&.

GangUoneura Raddpki, Beitr. z. Anthrop. 1812,

Miilacosla Rqfinesque, Anal. Not. 40. 1815.

Apulosia Rqfinesgae, Prie. Som. 12. 1S14. ; AnaL Nal. 137. 1815.

BrochiopaeuBtA Fischer.

Malacozoa (Les Malacozoaires) Btainv. Jovm. Phyi. 1816 ; Mem,

Maiac. 362. 1825 ; Bromt, Geech. de Nat. iii. 1847,
Malacozoaria Blainv. Diet. Set. Nal. rixii. 171. 1824.
Gasterozoa Carm, Ueber Tkierr. 1826 ; Okea, Bis. 1828.
Dermatozoa Filzinger, Syat. Rept. S. 1843.
UoUusquea or Malacozoaires Blainv. Bull. Soc. PhUom. 1816|

12.2.
MoUoacs or Cjclogangliata Giant, Outlines, Lectures, 1S33, 17.

Synopsis of the Classes,

A. Animal crawliTig on a Foot placed under the Body. — Peiliferr

I. Gastbbopoda {Gaiteropodes). Head distinct, fumUbed witli

ejea and tentacles, and usually proWcted by one large
conical valve, ihe other being rudimentary or abortive.

II. GoncBiFEBA {Conchifers^. Mouth placed between the gille ;
they and the body being enclosed between the two urge
leaves of the naantie, which are covered with two equal or
subequal valves, united along the back by a cartilt^e.

1 rudimenlary tme. —

UI. BBAcmoponA (Brachiopodes). Mouth placed at the baK of
two spindly twisted ciliated arms, between the two leave* of
the mantle, which are covered with two separate sbeUj
valves. They live attached to other marine bodies.
IV. Pteiopoda (Pterupodes). Head prominent, with one or two
pairs of fins on ihe side of the neck, by which they move
about in the ocean. Body often covered with a thin, glouy,
oonoidoi shell.

V. CBrBMoFODA (Cephalopodes). Head large, distinct, fumubed
with eight or ten or more arms, by means of which thay
head downwards.

CATALOGUE

CEPHALOPODA.J

CtAnsIV. CEPHALOPODA.

Mead litge, separate from the body. Eyes large, complex, lateral.
Sots developed. Moutli arm.etl with two homy or shelly jawa,
edged with ileahy lips, and suiTOunded by eight or ten fieshy
arms, or numerous tentacles; and furcisbed with on entire or
slit tube, or ^phmide, used in locomotion.
Bodg ovate, roundish, or cylind^i(^D], open in front, containing
the Tiacera and one or two pair of internal symmetrica! gills;
naked; gnrroimdedby athin Eliell,witha single cavity? or partly
or entirely contained in last chamber of a chambered shell,
fimuBhed with a siphon passing from chamber to chamber.
Individiiai unisexual.

Ayumol free, walking on its head or swimming in lie sea ; propelled
by the water fi-om the siphon lube.

Tliu WBt<jr of respiration enters the large aperture in the front
of the body, and is expelled through the siph uncle, carrying with it
the fnces. The large nervous ganglion is contained in a carti-
laginous case, sending fibres to nil ports of the body.
Cephalopoda Cvmer, Tab. Elem. 1798, Anat. Crnnp. IBOO, R^te
.itxi'in. 1817; JPJnMioc, Tab. Syit 18. 1819; Lami:k.Pha.Zoa..\.
32S. 1809, ExL d. CovT. 1312 ; De Haan, Monog. 182fi ; OraiU,
Lecf.l633^D'Oriigni/,Moll.Viv.etFoa.i.lQ7.1SiS-,Gnijf.Proe.-
Zool. Soc. 1847, 264.; Otam, Tram. Zool. Soc. ii. 103. I83S.
PteiTgiormn Latr. Fam. Nat. 153. 1825.
M. brHchiata (para) Poli. Test. SicU.

Crrptottibrancbiatii Blainn. Diet. Sei. Nat. xixii. 172, 1824;-
Miw. Jtffllue. 364. 182S.

2 CATALOOUB OF CEPHALOPODA.

Cf7pto<libranclilA or Brachiocephala Blaino. 1814 ; Diet Set. Nat.

XI J. 88, 1818 ; Menke^ Syn.
Antlio(;rancbiophora Chay^ X^ond. Med, Rep, 1821.

Ofiha^ielia Cephalopodia Rajin, Anal, Nat, 138. 1815.

Synopsis of Orders,

HubclaM I. Antepedia, — Bod^ naked. Shell none, or internal.
Head feparate, with eight or ten fleshy arms furnished
with cups. Gills two. Siphuncle entire. Foot none.

Ordrjf I. OcTOFiA.

Arms eight; Cups sessile, without any homy ring. No
Intcmu medial dorsal Shell. Eyes meed in the sun.

Order II. S£Phimia.

Arms ten, two longer; Cups peduncled, with a homy
circle. Internal medial Shell. Eyes free in the orbit.

Subclass II. PoLAHNAXiA, — Body without fins, enclosed in the
last chamber of a siphoned-chambered external shell. Head
not separate from tne body, with a great number of cylin-
drical annulated retractile tentacles, without cups. Gills
four. Siphuncle slit. Foot-like appendage distinct.

Obdkr IU. Nautzlia.

Subclass I. Antepedia.

Body naked.— 5A62Z none, or internal. — Foot none.
Head separate, with eight or ten fleshy arms furnished with cups.
— Gills two, — Siphuncle entxce.

Cephalopoda nuda Cuvier, Anat, Comp, 1800 ; Lamck. Ext d. Cow,

1812 ; Schwieger^ Natur^, 1820.
Cephalopoda ^testa nulla) l^amck, Phil. Zool. i. 322. 1809.
Cephalopoda bbera De Haan^ Mon, Amm. 1825.
Cephalopoda cryptodibranchia D* Orb. Ann, Sci. Nat. yii. 96. 1826;

idenke^ Syn, 1. 1828, ed. 2. 1. 1830; Grant, Led. 1833.
liol. Cephuorum natantium Sepiadso Flem. Brit, Anim, 225.

1828.
Cmhalopoda aoetabulifera Fhms, ^ D'Orh. Hist, d, Ch>hal. 1834 ;

J/Orl, MoU. Viv, et Fos. i. 157. 1845.

^mtodibranchia nuda Blaino, 1814; Diet. Sci. Nat. xii. 88.

^iaacbiMiaJBlainv, Diet, Sci. Nat. xxilu. VII. 1E24.
Xeaehj Zool. Misc, iii. 1817.

Ceplulopoda dibraschia Omen, Trans. Zool. Sop. a. 103. 183S.
C, dibrflodiiala Groj, Proe. Zonl. Soc. 1847, 204,
Antliobracliiaphoro, Aaosteophora, et Sepiapbora Gray, Lond,

Med. Rep. 1821.
C. anlepedia Rafin. Ajud. Nat. 139. 1815.

OiiDEE I. OCTOPIA.

41

Bodif ghort, rounded, united to the head bj a broad cervical band.

Sometimes? covered with a tliia single-chambered sliell.
Bead verj large, with aquiferous opening; Done on the gilts or

lips. Si^huncle without anj intemni valve. Eyes <l:iud, united

to the skins, incapable of rotation. Buccal membrane none.
4rnu dgbt, all Beasile, without awimmiug membranes. Cups

Msule, flat, and without an; homj ring. Tentacular arms none.
Ho internal medial doraal shell.
The front of the mantle is supported by a fleshy band or by fleshy

buttons on the siphon (apparatus of remtance, D'Orb.), fitting

into grooves on the inner side of the mantle.
Ce^Utlopoda octopoda Leach, Zool. Misc. iii. 1S17; Femuac,

Tab. Syit. 18. 1321 ; Grag, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1847, 204, ; Latr.

Fam. Nat. 167. 1828.
ijitliobrachiaphora, Anoateopbora, Gray, Land. Med. Rep. 1821.
Crrptodibranebiata octocera Blaine. Diet. Sei. Nat. xjtxij. 1824;

JUenke, Sgn. ed. 2. 1830.
Cephalopoda octopodai Meake, Si/n. 1. 1828.
C. octopoda Graverthorit, Thier. 1S45.
Octopodidcc Grai/, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 204.; Caidr. MaUic.

Mfdii. 13. 1841.
C. octopiu and m^onautca Rajin. Anal. Nat. 140. 181J.
wtobrachides Blainn,

y fleu^

Synoprig o/ Families.

L 0CT0FID£. Arms subulate. Mantle supported by t

bands. No cephalic aquiferous apertures.
n. PniLoSBXiuM. Arms subulate. Mantle supported by two

buttons at the base of the siphuncle, fitting into grooves on

the mantle,
HL OcTTHOWX. Arms subulate, two upper palmate. Mantle

supDoMed bj two buttons fitting inW gjtooicft oa. ^"feXftwa

oftheiiphuDcle.

r

Fam. I. OCTOPIDjE.

1

Sodi) united to tlie bead iu front 1iy a medial flesh; band.
Sead without any aquiferous opening. Arms fiocical, taper

with short Bessife cupg. No eiternil nor internal medial al

Living near the shores amongBt rocks.
Acocblidea Latr. Fam. Nat. 168. 1828.
Octopidce D'Orb. Mall. Viv. et Foa. i. 159. 164. 1845.
Ootopodina Qray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 205.

Synapsis of the Oenera.

1. OcTOrns. Afms with V

fins. No aquiferous
*2, CiSTOPDS. Arms with two rows of cups. Body round, without

fins. Distinct aquiferous Cells between the bases of the arms.

3. PiKBOTopus. Arms with two rows of cups. Body with fins.

4. E1.ED0NE. Arras with one row of eupa ; without beards, and

united by a short web. Body round,

5. CisaoTEUTHis. Arras with one row of cups, bearded, and

united by a. broad web. Body finned.

A. Armi with two Rows of Cups.

1. OCTOPUS.

Both Btntil, round, without any lateral fins, often cirrose. Cirri
often nearly disappearing in repose, and when preserved in
spirits. — Head vita tvo small internal cartilages, one on each
Bide of the beak; in the direction of the body {not oblique),
narrower than the body. Eyes small, lateral, covered by the
continuadon of the Eurrounding skin, and often by one or two
transparent eyelids. Beak, very much compressed. External
ear slightly marked above the cervical band. No aquiferous
cells between tlie bases of the arms. — Ama unequal, elongate,
united at the base by a web, which is wider beneath. Cups
tKsaile, two-rowed, fiat. — SiphwtcU elongate, conical, slender,
without any superior bauds, or valve. — Living on rocks on the
coast, very agile, eating Crustacea, and chaRgiDg thuir colour
rapidly. Egg transparent, in bunches attached to Algm.

OCTOriD^: OCTOPC9.

Sepa ep. Lintutus, GmeUn, 1797.

Ociopus Cueisr, Reg. Anim. a. 1817; Zumarck, 1799; SlaimnUe,

Malac. 1823 ; D'Orh. MoU. Vis. et Fos. i. 163. t. 1.
Polypus Leach, JZool. Mac. 1817.

The species are generally uniformly coloureil or mottled. O.
honidaa a. 12. and O. tunmOui n. 16. ore marked with distinct
jpota. O. membranaceiu n. 22. and O. oceUaba a. 26. have & large
ejed spot between the ba^ea ol' the kterol srius.

SL D'Orbigny divides the species thua : —
a. Upper Arms the tongeal.^-O. Cuvieri, O. indicus, 0. hrevieepa
J. Lateral Arms the hngmt. — O. vuigaris, O. tubereulatus, O.
brevitentaculatus, O. superciliosus, O. tetracirrhus, O. membro'

c. Lower Arm* Qie longest. — 0. rugosus, 0. acoleatus, 0. Itma-
latus, O. Fontainianiw, O. (ehnelcbua, O. borridua, 0. aranea.

d. DtnAtfid Speciei. — 0. venuatus, O. diiijnaoiua, 0. Peronli,
0. granosua, 0. ainensis, 0. tetradynamua, O, Boaeii, O. pilouus, 0.
heteropodus, O. oreolatus, O. fra/edus, O. csrulesceos, 0. Tang
Siao.

e. Apocryphal Specie). — O. colossus.

Synopsis of the Secliona of the Geiw.
S The Cupa of the Arms sufaequal, regular.

' The lower Cups far apart, in one aerie*.
Y Body emoolb, bearded,
r Body amooth, not bearded.

Bck alighllj granular.

f Back granular, rough.

* The lower Cups rather crowded.

f Body smooth, not bearded.
\ Body bearded,
j- Body minutely granular.
I" Body granular, rough.
2 J The Cups of the dorsal Pair of Arms largest
S| lbs seventh to the twentieth Cups of the lateral (second
and third) Pairs of Anna much larger tban the rest.

4 ( Cups ending in a Point, not clawed.

5 g Species requiring further Exan

6 § Apocryphal apecies.

-~^m I

he lower

mi

41

m

^

r% Tie Ct^ of the Arms eqaal, similar.
* The lower Cups far apart, one-rowed.
f Bodi/ smooOi, bearded.
1. Octopus vclgakis.
B0J7 small, oval, warty, rirroae ; dorsal beards placed in ■

rhomb. Head warty ; ocular beards three. Anns very large,

elongate, unequal, the order of their length being 3, 2, 4, 1.

Cups fer apart, large, near the mouth one-rowed. Web large. —

Keddish, whitish beneath.
noXuTTouf Arialotelei, lib. iv. cap. L ; Camua, p. 177.; Schneid. iL p.

130. 15.
Folypus Stdtiama de Aguatil. 160. ; Gesner de Agualil. lib, n.

870.
Polypus marinus, seu Octopus Karakali/a KUlreuter, Nov. Comm,

Acad. Petrop. vii. 321. t. 11. f. 1, 2.
PdrpUB octopodia Leach, Journ. de Phja. IxsxyI. 394. ; Savigny,

Desc. de TEgypt. Hut. Nat ii. t. 1. f. 1.
Octopodia. Hasselguisl, Acta Upatd. 33. 1750.
Octopus vulgaris Lamck. Mim. de la Soc. dHht. Nat. de Paris, i,

18., Hut. An. MM Vert. 2nd edit. yu. 657. n. 1. ; Cartu, lam.

Sep.iaNon. Act. Acad. Nat. Car. xii. 1. part. xxxi. 319. j

irOrbigny, Tab. des Ciph. 62. p. 1. j BlaineiOe, Diet, dei Set.

JVof. xliii. 188.! Jfww, Sigt. Nat. del Eur. Mer. iv. 3. p. 2.;

BhinoUle, Fa-ua. Franq. MoU. 5, t. 1. f. 1.?; Payradeaa, Crdal.

172. n. SAO. F ; Audottin., Expl. de» Planch, de Sao. texte i. 9. m

8vo p. 22.; Delle Chime, Mem. W. 40. and 53. t 56. f. 13.;

Warier, Zeitachr.fia- £e Org. Phyt. ii. 22. ; SuU. Unit, det Se.

Nat.xJx.3B7.; Sangioeani, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xvi. 321.; PkU

b™i,Enim. Moll. Sic. 240. n. 1.; Rang, Mag. de Zool. 62.1';

Regne An. de Ciiv. IB. t. 1. ; D'Orbigity et Ferussac, Mon, da

Ceph. Ack. Poulpei, t. 2, 3. 3 bis, 8. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 29. p.

27. : D'Orblgny, Moll, des Canaries, 14. n. 1., MoU. des An-

tillei, U.t.l.,Moa.Viv. etFos. LlGS.D.l. LI. f. 7—9.; Potiet

et Michaud, OaU. des Moll, de Douai, i. 6. □. 1 . ; Bouch. Chad.

Cat. des Moll. Mar. C9. n. 122.
Sepia Octopus Boic, Buff, de IhterviHe, Vers. i. 47.
Poulpe common Monlfort, Buff, de Sonnini Mall. ii. 103. t. 22. 24?

and 1 13. t. 23, 24, 25. P ; Shaw, Nalur. Miscell. xviii. 780.
Poulpe fraisG Motdforl, Buff, de Sonnim, iii. 5. t. 27. 28.
le Fouipe Cuvier, Mem. sur les Ceph. t. 1 — i.
Octopus sppendiculalaa Blainville, Did. d(a Sc. Nat. xlJiL 188.
I^ayiw ^atii Verany, Mem. del Acad. Torino, 1. \^ %.

unicirrhus Detie Ckiaje, D'Orb, et Feruis. Mem. dea Cfpk.
'3.
Lflontic Ocean, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, Sed Sea.
0, Ysnnonth. Adult. In spirits.

ff Body smooth, not bearded.

2, OcTOPra MaisA.

Bodj oblong, elongated, smooth, marbled, not bearded. Nape,

ejee, and back of head smooth. Ejes very prominent. Anna

rather elongate; proportionate length, 4, 3, 2, i. Web short,

rather wider below, smooth above. Cups rather lai^ and

rather far apart, equal ; the fire or six lower ones far apart, and

ia a single series.

fill. .

a. ? In spiritg .

8. OCTOFt-g ABANBA.

Body oblong, ihort, amootli. Head short, narrow, very amoolh; ocu-
lar beards one, posterior. Arms much elongated, smooth, slender
very unequal; order of their length, 4, 3, 2, 1. Cnpa small, close,
nnmeroua; about ISO on the longest arms; the four nearest the
mouth in a single line. Web short. — Inspirit blackish, colouring
dots very small.

Octopus aiBJiea. If Orb. Povlpet, t. fl. 1825; D'Orb. et Finns. Mim.
da Cipk. Acit. 57., Pordpes, t. 5. ; DOrb. MoU. Viv. et Fo». i.
IB4. p. 23.

Octc^UB filamentosue Blabw. Diet, des Sc. Nat. xliii. 183. 1326-
JSitft. Isle of France.

i

f\f Bach slighth/ granalar.
4. OcTOPDH GssroKEA.
Body 0" Bpiritn) marbled, smooth. Head and base of the amUTi
nunutely grannlar. Eyes with one Ueihy tubercle, and Ouo
behind the eye; upper eyelid rugose. Arms moderate, reir
thick at the base ; proportionate length, 3, 4, 2, 1. Web broaii,
opper surface finely granulated. Cups la^gE^, subequal ; the three
or four lowest rather distant, and one-rowed.
Bab. Coast of Brazils.
4t ^flti&n. Ib qaiita.

p-=r-^

4

5. OcTOPDs Habdwiceei.

Body roundish, oblong. Middle of tlie back, back of the head, and
the eyelids ■warty. Oculnr tentacles none; eyelid smooth.
Arms moderate, rather slender ; proportionate length, 4, 3, 2, 1.
Cups rather large; the five or six lonest rather tar apart, oae-
rowed. Web rather broad, quite smooth above.

OctflpuB Hardwickei Gray, Brit. Mm. 1826.
Hab. Indian Ocean.
a, b. Singapore ? In spirits. Captain Hay's Collection.'

II 1 1 Body gramdar.

6. OcTOPDB suGoaoB."

Body OTal, purse-shaped, large, will a deep groove above. Head
s and upper part of body covered with roundish tn-

bereles, not bearded. Head short, warty ; ocular beard one, '
thick, conical ; the order of the leugfli
i, of upper part of arm rather smAller,

elongated. Arms short, thick, conical ; the order of the leuri

lowest one-rowed. Web short. — When alive, violet-brown,

while beneath : side of the arms netted with brown lines-
Polypus mas Seba, The». iii. t. 2. f. 2, 3 ?, 1758.
Octopus Barker, Phil Trans. 1. 777. t. 29. f. 1—1.; Bngviere,

Eneyc. Mith. t. 7G. f. 1, 2. ; Shaw, MUceU. i. 359.
Le P<iulpe granuloux MoiUfort, Buff, de Sonmm Moll. iii. 30. t. 29.
Le Poulpe Americuin de Barker Muaifort, Bi^. de Sorm. iii. 38. L

30. 1802.
Sepia rugOBft Boic, Act. de la Soc. d'Bist. Nat. t. 5. f. 1, 2. 1792.
Sepia granulosa Bate, Buff, de Delerjiilie Vers. i. 47. 1802.
Octopus gronulatua Lamarck, Mem. de la Sue. tTHist Nat. A

Puria, i. 20. p. 2. 1799 ; HUL An. s. Vert vii. 658. ; Fenatae,

irOrb. Tab. des Cephal. S3, n. 2. ; Blainv. Diet. de» Se. NeU.

xUU. 18a. ; PhUippi, Enum. SteO. 241. n. 3.
Octopus Barkerii Finumac, D'Orb. Tab. des Ceuh. 64. n. 3. 1826.
Octopus americanus Blainv. Did. des Sc. Nat. xliii. 189. 1826.
Octopus rugoauB Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. xliii. 185. 1826; D'Or-

bigny et Finaiac, M&n. det Cephal. AcH. 45., Pfndpes, I. 6. p.

23.; D'Oriigny, MoU. des AnUUes, i. IS., Mall. Viv. et Fo*. J.

171. n. 3.
Hob. Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean.

o. Valparuiso. In spirits. Mr. Bridges's Collection. Tha
foiirtb, or lower, pair of arms rather shorter than the

P 9. Octopus

"• Lower Cupt crowded.
t Body imoolh, not bearded.
Favohi*.

I

Body (in spirits) oblong, smooll, witiiout any beards. Eyes
without beards. Anna moiierate, conical; relative length, 3, 2,
1 , 4. Webs moderate, with hard transparent granulntiona above,
cspeciallv between the doraal arms. Cups similar, siibec|uul,
large; tne two or three lowist cne-roweil,

O. IndicTia Grot/, Brit. Mva. 1830 ; not D'Orb.
Hah. Indian Ocean.

a. Singapore. Inspirits. Presented by General Hardwicte.

8. Octopus Eitdoba.

Body smooth. Ocular teutaclcs none. Arms rather short, sub-
qoadrangiilttr, not fringed on the outer edge ; relative length, 2,
3, 4, 1 ; three upper paurs aubequa!. Web short, rather broader
below. Cups moderate, subeciual, regular ; one or two low£tt
near mouth one-rowed- ^^^^B

Hab. Atlantic Ocean, ^^^H

a, b. Jiimaic4i. In spirits. &Ir. Goase's Collection. ^^^H

9. OCTOPDS TCBCKLCirnS.

Body round, short, smooth. Head smooth. Arms elongated,
compressed, nearly equal ; the order ol' their lensth, 4, 1, 3, 2.
Caps about a hundred on the longest arms. Web Qiiu. Siphun-
cle elongate, narrow. — When alive blackish brown, whitiat
beneath

Octopua Tchuelchus D'Orb. Voy. dam tAmir. Mer. v„ MoU. 27.
U 1. f. 6, 7. 1835 ; D'Orb. et Firms. Mem. dea Ceph. Aci
S5., Povlpea, t. 17., MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 172. n. 4.

Bob. Atlantic Ocean, Patagonia. D'Orb.

10. Octopus Casuopea.
Body (in spirit)) smooth, oblong, moderately long. Ocular beattl

one, conical, medial, posterior. Arms moderate, rather thick at
the base; proportionate length, 2, 3, 4, 1. Web short, rather
broader beneath, smooth above. Cups moderate, siibecim
the third pair of arms rather the largeitt.
Hcit. Uedittorauean.

tfcSlfcWKlhB. Iniiarita. PreBented l^ J. Ritchie,]

1

r CBFHAIJJPODA.

II. OCTOPDS

Bodj" oblong, large, smooth. Head short, broad. Ejea prominent,
without eyelids. Arms conical, very short, nearlj equal, abont
one third the length of the animal ; upper pair rather longest.
— Bluish, with red epots. Eyes eilTery, with a blue spot abovs
them. Perhaps young. D'Orb.

Oatopus brevipes D'Orbigny, Voy. dam CAmir. Mir. Moil. 22.
t. 1. f. 1—3. ; D'Orbigny et Fimnfac, Mon. des Ceph. AceL 61,
PotiljKs, t. 17. f. 1. ; D'Orbigny, MoU. Vin. et Fot. L 174. n. 6.

Bab. Atlantic Ocean.

ft Body bearded.
12. Ocropi:

Body abort, smooth, round, with numerous regularly placed divei^*
jng bearda. Head short, with diverging bearda round the ejea.
Arraa short, thick, five or sLs bearded oatemally, nearly equal,
oonioo- subulate ; order of length, 4, 3, 2, 1. Cupa rather largo,
subequal ; one or two lowest, especially of the second pair of
dorsid arms, one-rowed. Web moderate, extending up die
outer edge of the arms. — Bluish? when alive, with large
r^ular round white spots (seen also when in spirits).

Octopus horridus DOrbigvi/, Sae. Deicr. de VEgypte, Ada*,
Cephal. t. I. f. 2. ; D'Orbigny, Tab. des Ceph. 54. n. 4. ; Aw
douin, Explicai. des Planches de Sav. 3. p. 2, j Ehreidierg,

. Cephabpoda, Octojpts, a. 2. ; D'Orbigay et Firmsac, Mon. del
Cipk. AcH. 51., Poulpea, I. 7. f. 3. ; D'Orbigny, MoU. Vie. el
Fos. i. 178. n. IS.

D. fimbriatiis RuppeU, MS. Qa Brit. Mus,) ; DOrb. et Fb-uatae,
Ciph. Acii. 64., MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 179. n. J 6.

0. Argus Krauis, Sud-Afr. MoU. 132. t. 6. f. 28.
Hab. Red Sea.

a. Red Sea. ti spirita. From Dr. Edward RUppell's Col-
lection, OS "O, fimbriatuH SUppeU."

13. OCTOPDB

Body short, rounded, small, covered near the head with numerooJ
beards. Head longly bearded ; beards crowded, forming a circle
round the eyes. Arms thick, elongated, bearded externally,
unequal ; order of length, 4, 2, 3, I . Cutis very large and Teqr
Web short. — IVTien alive, whitish.

Octopus aculeatua D'Orb. Tab. des Ceph. Poidpes, t. 7. 1828;
^CM. e/J^i^ruitac, Mon. des Cipk. Acit. 55., Pmttpes, t. 7, 8. 23.;

ocioprBj:; octopus.

Octopus oWena Ferust. D'Orb. Tab. Method, de* Ciph. 5i. 1826]
l^Mon, Vo<j. de la CogviUe, Zovl. li. part 1. 239. t. 1. 1", 1. 1 bis.
Hofi. Maoilla aud Borapora.

ttt Body mimUely granular.

14. OCTOFOS Saphenii.
8o^ and arms minutely granular. Ocular bearda none. Arms
moderate ; comparatiTe leuglb, 2, 3, 4, 1 ; tliree upper pairs
Bobequal. Web short, granular above. Cups subequul.
Hib. Pacific Oceaa.

a, Enet comt of Soutb America. In spirits. Presented bj
the Rev. W. HuDnah,

13, Octopus Bekenice.

,' (in spirits) oblong. Head and base of the arms and back of

|i bodj minutely granular, and Trith regularly disposed roundish

of small granules. Eyes with four or hve granulated

les on the dorsal edges, ibnning a fringe. Arms mo-

i; relative length, 2, 3, 4, 1. Cupa very large, eubtquul.

fei) moderate, rather wider below.

Bdi.

a, ? In spirits. Presented by Mr. John Lead-
beater, 1805.

16. OCTOPDS

Bod; abort, covered with scattered tubercles, and about twenty
rounded prominent circle* with concave centres, in six series.
Head short, thick, tubercular, with one medial and two lateral con-
vex circles, with a tubercle in the centre. Arms short, conical,
nearly equal ; order of their length, 4, 3, 2, 1 ; with a circle be-
tween the bases of the arms. Cuns about fifty. Web very
ahott. — When aliTe, white, varied with blue circular spots paler
in the centre.

Octwua InnulatUB Qaoi/ if Gaimard, Zool. da Voy. de CAit. it. 36.
t. 6. £ 1, 2. : lyOrbigny et Firuisac, Man. des Ciph. Acet. 59.
iWpe*, t 10. 26. ; D'Orbigm/, Moll. Vw. et Fos. i. 182. a. 20.

ifaft. Sew Zealand.

17. Octopus TETRAciBBHdS.

Body oval, slightly granular, with a posterior beard. Otulnr
atrhi two, anterior and posterior. Anns short, rather unequal in
length ; in order, 2, 3, 1, 4. Web very broad. Cups in two lines ;
the first three Toaiid Uie mouth in one Vine, — ie\VWvs\i'«Wti

ima et Ttt \

Octopus tetraeirrliuB De&e Chiaje Moll. MS. ; D'Orhigny et Fi' '
nmoc, Moa. det Ciph. Acit. 36. n. 5., Foulpes, t. 22.; D'Ot' .
bigm/, MoB. Viv. et >'«. i. 175. n. B.

Mab. Mediterranean.

IB. OCTOPDS aUPEBCllIOSUS.

Bodj oval, acuminated behind, slightly granular, longlj bearded ;
one beard being posterior, seven or ei^bt on the back, and i
some in twn lines on the sides, forming a kind of crest which is |
Bometimea indistinct. Head very distinct, swollen, smooth in |
the middle, with some tubercles over the ejes. Arms elongated, i
angular, conical, ncatlj equal ; order of their len^h, 2, 4, 3, 1. i
Cups far apart, large; beak without lateral wings. — When
alive, white.

Ochmns superciliosus Quay Sp Oaim. Zool. tkt Voy. de VAiit. iL 2S.
t. 6. f. 4. 1832 ; D'Orhieny et Fintssac, Man. des Ciph. Ae&.
il.,Poulpes,t.lO. 2S.i n'Orbigns.MoU. Viv.etFoi.i. 180. n. 18.

Hab. Bass's Straits, Australia.

tttt Body granular, rough.

19. Octopus Boscn.

Body rouiiiliah ; back of head and arms closely acutely granulated ;
back with a few regularly placed lai^r tubercles. Eyes with •
three conical beards. Arms elongate, granulated, without any I
beards externally ; the upper pair with a very wide dorsal mon-
brane, the other with a narrow one arising from the outer side. I
Cups in two regular marginal series. Web moderate, granu- |
lated above.

Sepia rugosa Peron, MS.

Octopus Boscii LeSttcur, Joum. Acad. Nat. Sei. PhUad. ii. 101.
1822.; D'Orb. et Fenitsae, Mon. de» Ciph. Ac&. 68.; D'Or- '
bign;/, MoU. Vie. et Fou. i. 186. n. 26. '

Octopus Tariolatus P^m, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. xliii. 18fi. 1826.
Hah. New Holland.
a. New Holland. ? In spirits. Presenl«d by J. B. Jukei,,
Esq.

20. Octopus tdbehcolatdb.

Body short, round, covered with irri^ular papillary granular warts ;

back with four conical, acute, diverging beards. Head short,

warty; ocular beards two, the hinder elonsalwl. Arms granu-

Jar, cirroae, short, unequal ; the order in teiiglV oS 'iKift Mifii» }

Ti

2, 3, 4, 1, or 3, 2, 4, I, Cups very large, the first three id one
line. Web rather wide, granulated above, extendiug up the
outer side of the arms, especially of the second and turd pairs.
— Violet brown, benealh white.

Octopus tuberculatua BlmuviUe, Zfict. des Sc. Nat. 1 826, p. 6. t. 1 . f.

&.; Faim. Fraai;. MoU.i.t.l.(. 3. ; D' Orbigny et Fenaaae, Mon.

det Ciph. Acit. 38., Potdpea, t. 21. 23. p. 38. ; UOrbigny, MoU.

det AntilUs, 15. n. 2^ Moll. Vie. et Fm. i. 170. t. 1.
Octopus ruber Rafineaqne, Precis dea Decoue. Somiol. 28. n. 70. F

Hah. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean.

a. Pacific Ocean. In spirits. P

21. OCTOPCS POLTZENIA.

Body oblong, rounded, short. Head, back of the dorsal ams, and
back of body granular, and with a few ecattered warts or short
beards. Arms slender, outer ei^e of ventral arms smooth ;
comparative length, 4, 3, 2, 1. Web short, rather wider below.
Cups large, subequal.

Hob. Australian seas.

a. Fort Essington. In spirits. Presented by the Earl of

22. Octopus MsuuRANACErs.

Body obtuse, granular, provided with a lateral membrane. Head
l^ge; ocular beards three, elongate, granular above and below.
Arms short, unequal, quadrangular ; order of tbeir length, 2,

3, 4, I. Cupa large. Web short, granular. — When olive, white,
with a black eyed spot between the bmies of the second and
tliird pairs of armB,

Octopua membranacens Quay ^- Gaim. Zool. de Vm. de tA»t. ii.

B9. t. 6. f. 5. i D'OrbifTiy et Femsaac, Man. dei Cipk. Actt. 43.

^idpe»,\~l0.2&.; D-Orbigny,MoU Vie.etFoi.i 181. n. 19.
Bab. New Guinea.

2 S Capi of the dortal Pair of Amu larger Ihati the rett.

23. OoTOPDB Cdviebi.

Body oblohs, enlarged below, warty above, and with a medial
posterior beard ; aperture of moderate size. Ocular beards indis-
tinct. Arms verjf long, slender, unequal; order of length, 1, 2,
S,4; fiist and third much longest. Web broaA. G\i^ Actb.'u4&„
"■""" '*°'"' Offlwr pair ol arms larger.

CAIU:OG[IB a

et Final. Man. lies Cipk. Acei. Fovlpes, t. 1. 4. 24. 27. p. 1

Ouirin, Icon, de Beg. Anim. MoU. t. 1. f. 1.
Octopua Lechenaultii D'Orb. Tab. des Cijih. Fotdpcs, t. 1. 1826.
Octopus macropus Risso, Hist Nat. del Eur. Merid. iv. 3. d. 3.

1826; BeUe Chiaje, Mem. iv. 40. 56. p. 2. t. 54. p. 26. 1828;

Blainv. Faun. Frang. Moll 6. n. 2. ; Wagner, ZeiUekr, fur die

Orgas. phi/aik. ii. 225. ; Btdlet. des Sc. Nat. xii. 387. n. 1. ( ,

Rang, Mag. de Zool. 61. t. 90. ; Philippi, Enim. MoU. Sic. 240.

□.2.
Octopus macropodua Sangiovani, Ann. Se. Nat. xvL 319. 1829;

BvOet. des Sc. Nat. xx. 338.
Octopus loDgimauus Firuts. MS.

Bah. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, Eed Sea.

24. OCTDPUB NBSOBIA.

Bodj, head, and base of arms minutely granular, with scattered
rather larger rounded tubercles. Body oblong, rather scute
behind. Ejea larffe; ocular lentoclea none. Arms elongate,
■lender; coiuparatLve Icngtb, I, 3, 4, 2. Cupa rather small, i
regular, equal, of the dorsid piur rather largest. Web moderate, |
scarcely wider beneath, smooth above.

Bah. ? '

o. P In spirits. The left dorsal arm not fiiily

developed, and with small cups like the other arms.
Somewhat like O. Cueieri Fdruss. Cepkal. t. 4,

3 § il Fev^ of (he Cups near the Base of the second und third Pain
of Armx muck larger lAan the rest.

25. OcTOPua FoHTABiAsua.

Body large, oval, Elightl; warty ; aperture broad. Head narrow,
nearly smooth ; ocular beards one, posterior. Arms moderate
size, angular, subcqual ; tbe inferior pair longest. Cups close
together, subequal, gradually diminishiiiK in size ^ the seventh to
the tenth cups of the second and third pairs of arms much largest,
Web very broad. — When alive, violet, deeper above.
Sepia Octopus Molina, Hitt. Nat. dn Chili, p. 173. P
Oi^puB Funtonianus IX Orbigny, Voy. dans FAmer. Merid. MoB.
28, t 2. f. 6.; D'Orbigny et Fenaiac, Man. des Ciph. Acit. 4S,
-fata^i, t 28, 29. ; ly Orbigny, Moll. Vin. et Fos. i. 179. n. 17.
I AoiSc Oceut, ooagU of Chili and PertL.

r Se. OcTOpra ocellatdh.

Body roundish, olilong ; back of head and outvde of the onaa
regularly granular ; eyes and head without any curl ; beneath
smoothish, sides rounded. Arm' moderate, unequal. The t'ourtli
or fifth cupa of the second aud third pau^ of arms much larger
tlian the rest. — A large black eyed spot between the bases of the
second and third pairs of arms.

Ocbipus ocellatus D'Orb. Sp Fertmaac, Mem. Ceph. Acet. Poulpet,
t. 9. upper figure, from Chineae drawing.

Hab. Chinese seas.

a. China. In spirits. Presented by John Beevea, Esq.

27. Octopus Cephea.
Body (in apiritfi) smooth, oblong, rather elongate. Head smooth ;
ocular beard small, surrounded by other Bmallcr beards.
Arms thick, moderately long; proportionate lenglh, 3, S, 4, ].
Web broad, broader in front, upper surface quite smooth. Cups
TCiy Urge ; the tenth to the twentieth cups of the second and
Ihinl pairs of arms larger, equal ; the four or fivelowest of Blithe
•mil one-rowed, -MtlM

i„,pi,iB. .^m

;e of the cups onTlre'

38. Octopus Ctanea.

Body (ia spirits) ovate, niiove rather granular, beneath smooth.
Ocular tubercle rugose, superior. Arms rather elongate, conical ;
uder of length, 2, 4, 3, 1. Cups large; the tenth to the twentieth
rf the second and third pairs of arms larger, equal-sized ; the
lowest, especially of the ventral arms, one-rowed. Web broad,
minutely granular above, especially between the upper arms.

Bui. Australian seas.

a. Coast of New Holland. In spirits. Presented by J. 2.

Jukes, Esq.

b. ? ? In spirits P

•

4 § " Cups ending in a Point, not clawed."

S9. Octopus cj^ulebcens.

Body short. Arms much longer than the body, Gups ending in a

ngin^ buto<i(i'/un-e(J.— B/ue, varied witlmer J ftnia!L\c\oae"ettt^

'-^ Gapt whitieb. Sbaav.

Octopus aemlescena Peron, Blainv. Diet. de» Se. Net. xlii. 129.

1826 ; D'OrUgny et Feruttac, Man. tki Ceph. AcU. 65, j D'Or-

bigny, Moll. Via. et Fot. i. 185. n. 24.
Hob. New Holland, Island of Dorre, Peron.

The fonn of the cupa, if uorrect, would indicate a different

5 § Species Teqairing farther- Examination
30. Octopus i

Mfe». da Ceph. Acit. 64., Ptmlpet, I. 21. f. 8, 9.

Jfab. Adantic Occnn, Goree.
"S^Hupt Avat M joaog specimen."

Body elongated, oval, glabrous, grey spotted with black.

Tery long, slender. Cups large, rather prominent.
Octopus longipea Leach, Zool. Miscell. iiL 137. 1617;

l/Orb. Tab. del Cipk. A«n. Sc. Nat. 54. n. 6. ; BlainvilU, Diet.

des Sc. Nat. xliii. 189.; D'Orbigny et Firaisac, Man. des Ciph.

Acit. 67., Moll Viv. et Fos. i. 187. n. 31.
Polypus longipsB Leach, Jaura. de Phys. IxxxTi. 394. 1818.

Sab. P Mufl. Oxford. Probably 0. Cumeri or 0.

aranea D'Orbigny.

31. Octopus BREVTTBNTicnLATng.

Body (tn spirits) short, globular, smooth, not tubercled. Arms
thick, cirrous, conical, short ; proportion of length, 2, 3, 4, 1 ;
the longest only three times as long as the bend. Cups large.

OctopUB brevitentaculatus Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. xliii. 187.? D'Or-
bigny, Man. des Cipk. AcU. 36. n. 4,, MoU. Viv. et Fua. i. 186.
n. 30.

O. Tulgaris contracted D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 187.
ffab. . MuB. Paris, three speciraens.

Body oval, purse-formed, smooth ; aperture large. Head sjiort,
nrther broad ; eyes prominent. Arms rather short, nearly
equal. Cupa Bmall. ~

Octopus venustus Rang, Moll. MSS.; D'Orbigny et Firmiae,

Mim.dei Ceph. A ■—■" '

bigny, MoU. Viv. et

33. OCTOPDS QBASOBirS.

Sodj small, globular, rather tranaverse, finely granulated above
and below. Arms eight times as long as the body ; proportion-
ate length, 4, 3, 2, 1. Web slight.

Octopus groaosuB Slainv. Diet, des Sc. Nat. xliii. 1S6.; Faune
FroBqaise, Moll. 7, t 1, 2. ; D'Orhiejo) el Fini4sae, Man. det
Ceph. AcU. 63. ; D'Orbigiiy, Moll. Viv- el Foi. i. 176. n. 9.

Eab. Mediterranean, Sicily. BlainviUe.

34. OcTOPrs piLosos.

Bod^ round, grey, ashy-brown, provided above with reddish hairs
. dispoaed in bundles. Ariiw very short, thick. Cups large.

Eyes very large and very prominent.
Octopus pUosus Risso, Hist. Nat. del Eur. Mend. iv. 4. n. fl. 1826;

BtainviUe, Faun. Fran^. Moll. 7. n. 3. ; D'Orhigny et Fn-aaac,

Mm. del Ciph. Acit. 67. ; B'Orbigny, MoU. Via. et Foa. i. 177.

D. 10.
Sab. Mediterranean, Nice.— fltsjo.

A very doubtful species. D'Orb.

S5. Octopus PBixiDUS.
Anns equal, six times as long as the body, without aoy cups at the

Octopus frayedus Rafinetque, Precis de Slcouv. Somiol. 1814;
Blainmlle, Diet, des Sc. Nul. 1S26. p. 189. ; D'Orbigny et Fi-
naiac, Mon. des Ceph. Aeet. p. 71. ; D'Orbignu, Mou. Viv. *f
F<M!i. 177.0.11-

Bab. Mediterranean. Raflneeque.

«

36. Octopus i

Anns unequal, the upper pair longest, nearly five times aa long
u the body.

Octopus diJyoamus Rafinetque, Precis de Dicouv. Somiol. ; Blain-
viUe, Diet. iHist. Nat. xliii. 190.; D'Orbigny et Finuiae,
Mon. det Ceph. Acet. 71. ; D'Orhigny, Moll. Viv. et Foe. i. 177.

Hob, Mediterranean. Rafineigue.
37- Octopus tetsajdtkauub,
Ams unegual, Bltematelj longest, about five time& aa VoTig '^ ^^?,

■ ilQtl^—Grejr.

18 CATALOOUB 01* CBPHALOPODA.

Octopus tetradjnamus Rafinesqtie^ Precis des Decouv, SondoL
1814; BlainmOe, Diet, des Sc. Nat, xliii. 190.; UOrhigr^ d
FSrussac. Mon, des Ceph, Acit, 71. ; D'Orbigny^ MoU, Viv. d
Fos. I 177. n. 13.

Hab, Mediterranean.

38. Octopus hetebopodus.

Arms unequal, very short, scarcely as long as the body ; the upper
pair longest. Back reddish.

Octopus heteropodus Bafinesque^ Prici^ de Decouv. SomioL; Bkdn^
viUe^ IHcL des Sc» Nat. xliii. 190. ; UOrhigny et FiruMOiO^
Mm. des Ciph. Acit. 71. ; D'Orhigny, MoU. Viv. et Fos. L 178.
n. 14.

Hab. Mediterranean.

39. Octopus abeolatus.

Like O. Cwoieri; but^the body areolated on the surface, with a dark
spot in each areole.

Octopus areolatus De Haan, MSS. Lettre de 1835 ; UOrh. et Fi"
russaCj Mon. des Ceph. Acet. 65. ; UOrh. MoU. Viv, et Fos. L
186. n. 27.

Hab. Coast of Japan. De Haan.

40. Octopus Pebonu.

Body rugose. Arms thicker and shorter than those of O. varuh
kius^ and with larger and fewer cups. Brownish green.

Sepia Octopoda Peron, MSS.

Sepia Peronii LeSueur, Joum. Acad Nat. Sc PhUad. ii. 101. 1822.

Octopus Peronii Feruss. UOrh. Tab. Class, des Ceph. 54. n. 7.

1823; UOrhigny, MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 185. n. 25.
Octopus pustulosus Peroriy Bhinv. Diet. Sc. Nat. xliii. 186. 1826 ;

D*Orh. et FSruss. Mon. des Ceph. Acet. 66.

Hab. New Holland, Isle Dorre.

41. Octopus Fang Siao.

Wangtchao-iu Encycloped. Japonnaise^ lib. 51 ; D'Orhigny.
Octopus Fang-siao UOrh. et Feruss. Mon. des Ceph. Acit. 70.
D'Orbi^y, MoU. Viv. et Fos. L 186, n. 28.

Sit3. Coast of Japan,

1

*2. OCTOPI-S SIBEMaS.

A large species.

Oclopua sinensis UOrh. et Fenui. Man. de* CipA. AeU.'^
Poulpet, t. 9. lower fiffnre, JWott. Via. et Fog. i. 186. n. 29.; from
RieaeS de Poittons, ae Moll, et Crjat. gran, el erdum. an Jupon,
atec let noma Chinoii et Japonnais, folio* 36 and 37.; Encydoped.
Ji^xmnaiset liv. SI. fol. 17. verso, Pen-thaao^katig-mo, 1393,
irt Tehang-iu.

Utb. Coast of Japan.

43. OcTOPtB Cakena.

44. Octopus Koellikbbi.

t. 2., Cm. Antra.

fiodj ihort, oblong. Arms eubukle, elightlj irebbed at the base ;

two lower pairs subequal, very short; upper pair rather longer

than the second pair.
(ktofnia Eoellikeri Veraji!/, CephaL ex Sicil. iL t. 1. f. 1. not de-

fliA. Sicily. Ferhapa a PkihnexU. ^^^J

Octf^B eocco
Oataea, \7.',
Bab, Genoa.

6 § Apocryphal Species.

46. OCTOPDB COLOBBCS.

Ponlpe colossal Morttfort, Buff, de Sorniiiti, Molbuqaei, ii. 256. t,
26.

Sepia 8'gas Oien, Lehrb. det Zaol. 343. n. 7. ; D'Orbigny et Pi-
nnae, Mon. de* Ciph. AceC. 70. ; D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Fo».

1

2. CISTOPUS.

Body small, round, without anj tutcral fins. — Head in the i
rection of the hody. Eyes lateral, covered b; the skin. £]
ternal ear indistinct. A small aquiferous system, consisting at
bog with a Email pore at the outer edge, situated between 1i
bases of tbe arms. — Arms unequal, elongate, united at the h
by a web wider beneath. Cups aeaaile, two-rowed, flat. — i
phuncle conical — Living on rocky coasts.

Octopos sp. Gray, B. M. -. Ri^p. MSS. ; D'Orh. MoU. Vh.
Foa. L 183., Cephal. Acit. 24.

1. CiSTOPUa iNStCCB.

Body smooth, pouch-ahaped, not bearded. Anns rather
unequal ; order of their length, 1, 2, 3, 4 ; web ve
Cupa large; two or three near the base of the dorsal pair'
u'ms largest-
Octopus indicuB Riipp. MSS.; D'Orb. et Fentssac, Man.
Ciph. Acit. 24., Poulpes, t. 25, 26. f. 1—4.; D'Orbignff, J
Viv. et Foe. i. 183. n. 22.
Hall. Island of Celebes.

a. India. In spirits. Presented by General T. Hardwicke.

3. PINNOCTOPUS.

Bodi/ oblong, with broad, lateral, wing-like espanaions, wl
extend in front, and enfold all the body. — Bead indiati
narrower than the body. Eyes lateral, dorsal. — Amu ^.
long, wiih two ruwa of scarcely prominent cups, and with
broad web at the base.

PinnoctopuB D'Orb. MoU. Viv. el Foa. l 193. t. 2.

Octopus sp. Quoy Sf Gaiin. Voy. Aslrot, 1832.

1. PiNHOCTOPDS CORUCFOBUIS.

Body orbicular, tubercular, winged. Arms long, nearly etp

length, the lateral ones shortest. Eyes rather prominent

Red-brown, arms with pale -blue lunules.
Octopus cordjformis Quoy §■ Oaim. Zool. du Voy. Aib-ol. u. 8

t. 6. f. 2.; D'Orb. et FSnua. Mon. de Cepk. Acit. 62,, Finli

t. 10. f. 1.
PJanoclopua cordiformis D'Orb. MoS. Kin. et Foi. i. 193. t,.
Jbi. JTeir Zealand. Only known fcom ^L. ^^i' » fs^ran./

OCTflTre* : CISTOPC8,

4. ELEDONE.

Berfy small, oblong, without fins, rounded behind. Aperture
narrow- Ventrul part of mantle united to tbe bead by a cen-

> tnl fleshy bnJid; nuchal band broad. — Head straight, indistinct,
narroner than the body, Ejes amall, lateral, dorsal, promi-
nent, covered ' by the continuation of the skin. Beak com*
pressed. Ears slightly marked. — Atthi long, tapering, webbed
at the base. Cups sessile, rather ({ylinilrical, in u single line. —
Siphiatele elongate, conical, without superior bands or valve.
— Emitting a mnaky smell, and living in rocky places.
lilaiv^ Aristol.; BoUt^nic and Ozolis of the Ancients,
ledone Aldrovandus, De Moll. cap. 3. 1 606 ; Leach, Zoot. Mimc.
i817, iii. 137.; Schweig. Nalgsch 758. 1820; Jiang, Man. 87.
1SS9.

Cumer, R^w AniTa. 1817, ed. 2. IS30; Desk, inlamek.
But. xi. 234. J Pot. et Mich. Zool. i. 7. 1838 ; Verany.
tedona Riiso, Ew. Merid. \v. 2. 1826.

Pcdrptu RoTUlelet., Gesner ; OiBen, Tram. Zool. Soe. 1 838 j Olun,
A», 1S3B, 83G.
nHa ap. Linnaui.

Lamarck.

Wedone Meake, Cat. ed. 2. 1830.

loKhitea Schneider, Sarnmi. Verm. AbhiauS. 1S35. See Firut*.

Sul. Sd. Nat. 1835-36.

nena Safyi. Ami. Nut. 129. IBlJl ; Monl/orl.

ORBma "Rajineiiqae." ^^^

Icdoiue (fam.) Riiio, Ear. Mtrid. iv. 2. 1826. ^^H

* Ocular Seardt tmo. Central Arms equal, ^^^H

1. Kledobe uoscbatus.
Wy oblong, ncuminated behind, smooth, when excited bearded,
granular. Ocular cirri elongated, central. Arms long, slender,
compressed, equal. Cups far apart. — Colour very variable, with
three blackish spots in a horseshoe. Web edged with blue.
^Imvn Arislol. lib. IT. cap. 1.; Cavna, p. 117.; Schneider, ii. 1.10.
geaina Plin. Hiit. Nat. lib. ix. cap. 30.

Sledosa Belon, De AquatU. 333., La Nat. el Divers, de Foit. 337.
'^>lypi tertia species Rondelet. de Piscib. lib. xvii. cap. 8. fiI6.

cap, 9. (1st species} 417.
'oljpus tertia species Botsuct, De Aqw^ lib. iv, 1W, %1\.

CftZAU

m.li.

Odoos. JMrvvwtd. De JfaS. ca|i. 3. 42, 49.

MotL m. 55. t. 32. 18Q2.
Jfoi. 5w. HuL XaL L 22. n. 4. il]

1799: .But Am. jl r«r<L ¥n. 65$. n. 4.: BlmMmOe^

XaL xlm. 19a : /VyrvdlBBL C4it Coy. Cotm, ITS. j. Slftj

Aj^fc i fMtt. Aml Se. Aat. xri 317,; JBhagafe, Am

n. 71: PUif^ JSnuL JhRilL 5ir. ^1.; i2^, Mag. de

64.t.91.
Sepu moiscliata BmCy Bwfi dt DMenr. Fcrt. L 48. 1803.
OsEiui mosdimtt Bmfmaqmey iVocu ^ l>aD0«r. SomioL 29. n. 7%

1814.
Ozaena AldroTandi Ih^iyr^ iVocu ^ DSoamg, SomioL 39.

n. 73. 1S14.
Eledone mosdutA Leadkj Jaanu dt Pifs, IzzxrL 293. 18171

Ckvut, B^me Am. HLvz D'Orh. HFirmu, Mom. C^piLAeiLlt

t. 1. 1 bis. 3.: PMez ei Mkhmd, GaL de Domaiy L7.il 1.|

If Orb. MoH. Rr. eiFo*. 1 196. t. 3.
Eledon moschatiis Ffrmtt, D'Orh. Tab. des Cipk. 55. n. l.|

DeUe Chime, Mem. iv. 48. 56.
Eledon mosenata Bamzami, Mem. di Sior. Sat. dec 3. 151. 1819.
Eledona moschata Risso, Hisi. XaL Eur. Merid. iv. 2. 1826.
Octopus moschites CarmSy Xor. Act, Acad. XaL Cmt. ziL let pilli

319 t. 32 1824
Eledon AldroTandd DelU Chiqfe, Mem. iv. 43. 67. 1828, "^ ima|^

nary," D'Orb.
Octopus leucoderma Sanffiov. Anm. Se. XaL xvi. 318. 1829.
Eledone Genei Vermnf^ Acad, Reale deOe Sc. L 1838 (tlie joooA

Congress de Torino, Cat. Anim. Imvert, Genotxi, 17. 29. n. S

1846; Shaw, XaL MisceO. t 359. ; Barbmt, Genera VerwL 7&

t. 8. f. 1.

Hab, Mediterranean.

** Ocular Beards none. Arms uneqtud.

2. Eledone octopodia.

Body rounded, very minutely granular, dilated behind. No ocaltf
cirrhi. Arms of moderate length, conico-subulate, granuli^
unequal ; order of length, -1, 3, 2, 4. Cups close togeto
—Pale black, brown-spotted.

BepiA octopodia Pennant, Brit ZooL iv. 53. t. 28. f. 44.
SepiB moBcbites Herbst Einkit zur, ^c. %0. n. 5. \.. ^^,
Sep/a cJrrboBa Bosc, Buff, de Dcterp. V^«/\. 41.

CIBKOTBCTHIii.

eeui MontfoTt, Bt^ff". de Sonnin. Moll. iii. 67. t. 33.
rhoauB LamcA. Mem. Sac, Hist. Nat, Parit, i. 21.
I n. 3. t. I. f. 2. a, b. ; Fermsac, D'Orb. Tab. Method. Ciph. 56.
In. 2- ; SlainmlU, Diet Sc. Nat. xlvii. 191,

btopus Tentrico3U3 Orant, Edin. New Phil. Joam. 1827, p. 309. ;
WuUel. (Finisa. sii. 397. 1827.)

'. Coast of Britain and Europe.

SS. a. Berwick on Tweed. In spirita. Preaenlffli by G.
JohnatOQ, M.D.
b. DaluiatiiL. In spirita. Purchased of Dr. IleckeL ^^m

5. CIBBOTEnTIUS. ^H

h[ round. Fina oblong, transverse, dorsal. Aperture ve^^^
" inferior. — Bead small i cervical band occupying three
1 of the circumference. Eyes small, lateral ventral,
without eyelids. — Arms equal, conical, subulate, united to-
gether bj' a thin fuunel-shapcd web, which is immedtaleljr at-
tached to the arms at the base (us high as the fifth cup) and
Bt the tip, bat in the middle is united to the back of the arm
hj a thin skin, forming a, kind of pouch. Cups in a, single
TOW, alternating with fleshy beards. — Siphunde moderately long,
Iroteiithis Bichrich. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. sviii. 625. (1836, 1838);
Deth. Lamck. Hut. ed. 2. xi. 234. 184S.

ntioteuthis Moller, Ind. Moll. Oroen. 4. ; Koryer, Naturk. Tidsk.
iu.98. IT. 77.i D'Orh. MoU. Fin. eC Fos. i. 198. 1846; GVoy,
Fme. Zool. Soc. 1847, 205. n. 795. (not Chiroteuthis D'Orb.)
iadefphonis Reinh. j' I^sck, Koitg. Dansk. e, Sehk. Natarn. xii.
1846.

didopborus, 1847, misprint, see Herrmatm, 442.
Htrjrchoteuthis Agaasiz, Nomenclat, 87.

I. CiBKorxnTuia Mdllebi.
Ddf amooth, oblong, threc'lobed. Fins longer than broad, blunt,

dqtreased. Eyes very amall. Arms ec^ual, quadrangular. Cupa

Wt small, ovai, about thirty ; beards between the cups filiform.

—Violet.

irrotenthis Mulleri Eschrich. Nob. Act. Phy/i. Med. Aead. Cas,

Leap. Nat Car. lyiii. part 2. 623. t. 46, 47, 48. ; Desk. Lamck.
-BitL li. 234.
brboteutbis MuDeri D'Orbigny, MoU, Yn. et f oa, i. \Sft. \., 4..\

"— Ai. MaS. Grvenl 4.

%3

Hab. Coast of Greenland.

Fam. ii. PHILONEXID^.

Sodg oMong. The ventral portion of the mantle free, euppor^
bj a button on to the lower part of the Bipbuncle, fittw Q
a transverse cavity in the inner surface of the mantle. Venfl
Opening veij large, eJitending on the sides of the neck. G^
vi<^ band narron. 1

Head moderat*. Eyes large, prominent, witliout any bead
External ear without any creat, on the side of the nej
behind the eyes, and above tbe cervical band. Aquatic poM
two, four, or six ; two on the head above, two anal below, or a
on each side, and sometimes some smiiU ones at the base of |
head, which is enclosed in the mantle; the larger cephaUoM
anal pore communicating with a large cavity placed under I
head, and passing above the eyes ; sometimes this cavity is xJ
rated into two by a medial line. ]

Arms elongate, tapering, not crested, simple at the end. Clj
fleshy, pedunculated, very extensible, subcylindricaJ, in M
rows, sometimes far sport.

Sipkanele broad, short, without any upper band or internal v»I»<

Shell none, neither internal nor external.

Pelagian, living on the high seas. Crepuscular or nocturol
eating floating moUusca. J

Philonexida; 0""^) -D'Orfi. Moll. Pic. el Fiu. i. 199. 1845. '

Pbilonexiana Gray, Proc. Zool. Sac. 1847. (

Synopsis of Genera.

1. Pbiloitexib. Anns free.

2. TanMOCTOPCs. Arms, upper pair webbed. I

1. PHILONEXIS. I

Atvu free, tapering, unequal.— Nocturnal. Above the eyes Ufll

Philonexis D'Orh. Ciph. Acei. 1839, Moll. Cuba, i. 7. 21. IW

Voy. Amir. Merid. 1S3S, Aim. Sci. Nat. xvi, IS41. j

Philoneiis (pars) D'Orb. Moll. Fio. el Fas. i. 200. 1843 ; Or4

I^oc. Zool Soc. 1847, 205. n. T97.

PMoaexua D'Orb. Gray, Syn. B. M. 67 . 98. 1642.

OotqpoB ep. BlaJKO. Firutmc. _ \

~ • Tico I

PHilonexidj: :

Two vpper Pairs of Arjos longest, free ; foicer very rmaU.

I Body emoothj roundish, large. Head of tnoderale size, amoott.

I Eje8 prominent, laree, witboat eyelids. Water-bcariof; aperturea

two atMive. Anns slender, unequal ; in order, 1, 2, 4, 3; not

I webbed, eice^jt at the base. Cups pedunded. — White, spotted
witlt red.
Octopus fPhiloneiia) Btlanticns D'Orh. Voy. Amir. Merid. MblL
19. t. 11. f. 1—4. 1835.
PhilonexiB atlanticus IfOrb. Man. Ciph. Aeet. 98^ FoJlpet, t.

16. f. 4, 5. 1S38, MbU. Vitr. et Pos. i. 203. 1843.
P. Quoyianus, jun. ? D'Orb. 1. c. 203.
Hab. Aliantiu Ocean, under the tropics,

"' TTie vpper Pair of Armt nery long,/reei rest short.
3. Philonekib Eglus.

Body ovate, large; skin thick, dilated, and coveredall over with
amall rounded pedunclcd homy buttons which are divided into
five or six equal regular lobes round a common centre. Head
very small. Eyes prominent, Anna very unequal, and two
npper arms very long; order of length, 1, 2, 3, 4; inferior very
abort. — White ; back red spotted, above the eyes blue.

Octopus (Philouexia) Eglaia D'Orb. Toy. Amer. MMd. Moli. 20,

' t 1. f. 18. 14. 183S.

Kiilonexis Eglais D'Ori. Mm. Cfph. AcH. 102,, Poidpet, t. 17. t,
4, 5. 1838, Moa. Vie. et Fos. i. '204. 1845. jU

Hai. North Atlantic Ocean. ^^H

3, Phii.oi«xis micbostomub. ^^

Body rounded, large, smooth, reddish. Head broad. Eyes very
larfte, promintjnt. Arms smooth, short, very unequal, not
webbed; order of lengtb, 1, 2, 4, 3; upper tbreetimes as long as

Octopus microstomus Regruaid, Mag. de Zool. 23, 1834.
Fhilonexia microslomns D'Orb. Man. Ciph. Acet. 101,, Paidptt, t.

10. f. 5, 1838, Mdi. Vie. el Fai. i. 204. 1845.
P. atlanticus, jun. P D'Orb. I. c. 205.

£afr. North Atlantic Ocean.

■" TTie upper Arms longeil; rutgradtaSy thorler, to the lomsMt.

4, Fhilonezis byauhtib.

Bodj ahort, broad, smooth, oval, larser before than behind ; aper-
ture verv large ^ diaphaooua, irhitish, marked nilh red. HeaA
short. Eyes large, prominent, Bnbpeduneulated. Ann§ un-
equal, notwebbe^ oslong as the bodj; order of length, 1,2,3,4;
upper much longer ihaii the lower.

Oetopua hyaliniiB Rang, Feniss. el D'Orh. Mon. Ceph. Cryptod.
Findpes, t. 16. f. 1. 1833 ; Rang, Mag. de Zool. 1837, cl. v. 66.
t. 9^ 1837.

Philoneiia hyalinus D'Orb. Man. Ceph. Acel. 104., Paulpea, t. 16.
f. 113. 1838, MoU. Viv. et Fo». i. 203. 1845.

Hah. Atlantic Ocean.

*•*« 2Tie Armt very long, free, very ileader. Cups far apart.

5. Phii,oio

Body oval, pointed behind, very large, amootii aboTB ; beneath oo-
vered witb sntall, short, homy tubercles, united by netted ridgw ;
aperture very large. Headshort,notTerj distinct; water-bearing
apertures four, two above and two below. Arms slender, elon-
gate, nearly equal ; comparative length, 1 , 4, 2, 3 ; scarcely webbed.
CupB distant, united in each line by an itiMrmediate membrane.
SIphuncle very lar^ larger than the head. — Brown, attvery
beneath ; arm bluish.

Octopus tuberoulattis SUio, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. iv. 3. n. 4.
1826; DeUe Chiaje, Mem. iv. 55, 66. t. 33. n. 3. 1832 Mia.
aw TAplynia, p. 68. note.

Octopus reticularis Fetagna, RappeUe dflle Sc. di Napoli, 1826
(1828).

Octopus catennlatua Fervsmc, Poidpei, t. 6. 6*. 6'*. 1828.

Octopus Verany Wagner, Zeilschr. fur die Org. Phys. ii. 1828,
Suliet. Univ. dei Sc. Nat lix. 3B8. u. 3.

Polpo di Feruasac Ddle Chiaje, Mem. iv. 41. 1829.

Octopus pictus Blainv, Faim. Fran^. Moll. 8. n. 6. Irom Risso.

Philonexis tuberculiituB fl'OrS. Man. des Ceph. Acii. 87., Potdpet,
t. 6. 6». t. 23. 1838, MoU. Viv. el Foi. i. 206. t. S. f. 2—6.
1B43.

Bab. Mediterranean.

6. Philonexis Alcj^us.

Body smooth above and below ; brown spotted. Arms elangat«i
glender, free; the upper and lower pairs ^ety lonEi the two

lateral p^ra mack shorter. Cups fax StpaxU

er A«. 1.

4

TBEHOCIOFDS.

appearance of tuberclet benestli,

a, b, South of Europe. In epiriu. Fre«ent«d by P. B.
Webb, Esq.

2. TREMOCTOPUS.

Anru moderate, triangular, upper surface flat, witli two series of
Bobcylindrical seaaile cups; two upper pair longest, and webbed
fiearljr to the tip. Aquiferous openinga four ; two above between
the ejes, and two below, aod sometiiues six smaller on each

Tremoctopus Delle Chiaje, MS. 1835, quoted by D'Orbigny ;

Veram/, Cat. Anim. Invert. 1848,
Tremectopus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 205. n. 793. misprint.
nuloneiis sp. D'Orb. Ciphal. Acit. 1838, Moil. Viv. et Fos. '

205. ^"

Ocjtboe sp. Risso, Eur. Merid. iv.
Octopus sp. Feminae, Rang.
Phieoiuscus RiippeH, MS. Brit. Mua,

* Weh» moderate. Lower Arms ahorler,/rse. Head large.
1. TttEMOcToPna QnoTAitcis.

Body smooth, oblong, lar^ paiol^d behind ; white, marked with
red. Head laro;e, smooth. Eyes large, prominent, without
eyelids, blue abo-ve. Water apertures four ; two above between
the eyes, and two below. A rms elongated, unequal ; order of
lengU), 1, 2, 4, 3; two dorsal pair longest, and webbed together
halt their length.

Octopus fPhilonexis) Quoyanus If Orb. Voy. dan» FAmir, Mirid.
MoU. 17. t. 2. f. 6—8. 1833, Mag. de Zool. 1835, 141.

PhiloDeicis Quoyanus D'Orb. Mnn. Ceph. Acit. 96., Povlpea, t. 16.
f. 68. 23. 1838, Moll Viv. et Fos. i. 202. t. S. f. 1. 1845.

Octopus semipalmatus Oweji, Trans. Zool. Sue. ii. t 21. f. 12, 13.
1636.

Bab. MiddJe of South Atlantic Ocean,

•■ Armi all webbed. Head moderate, with several small ocular

aquiferous Apertures.

3. Tb£m OCTOPUS violacgcs.

Bo^ rather ovoid, truncated anteriorly, nearly Bmoot^i, twVi.^.,

Head short. Aquiferous apertures four, large ■, Wo afeoNeaiAX*

*-^r,-aiicfjZr9maU(Mt£isiieareBch eye. iima <ioiii,B*Ai>it^

of length, 2, 1, 3, 4 ; two doraal pairs flattened, and webbed to '

the tip.
Octopua velifer Finui. Pmdpea, t. 18, 19. 1830; Ferany, Cot.

1S29.
TremoctoptiB violaceus DeUe Ckiaje, MS. 1833 ; Verany, Cat.

1B29.
OctopuB yiolaceuB Feniss. Pojiipeg, t. 20. from Chiaje.
Octopus velatus RiJis-, ^fag. de Zool. p. 60, 1837.
Phitonexia velifer IXOrb. Mm. Ciph. Acit. 91., Povlpes, 18, IS,

20. 23. 29. 1838, MoU. Vin. et Foi. i. 205. t. 5. f. 7. 18«.
^isoniscus TektU9 RUppeU, MS. Brit. Maa.
Ocythoe mygaro RUto, Eur. Merid.

Hob. Mediterranean.
a. Mesaiua. Adult. In spirits. Dr. Euppeil's Collection.

Fam. IlL OCYTHOID^ (ARGONAUTID^ ?).

Body oroid, enlarged in front, Bmooth, covered with a thin skin
marked with chromatic glands. Ventral aperture extending
to tuider the ejes. Cervical band moderate. Ventral part of the
mantle supported bj an elevated button on the inner aide near
the margin, fitting into a notch at the base of the sipbuncle-

Head oblique, short above and long below. Eyes lateral, very
lai^e, ovate, prominent, covered on the npper edge with a very
thin eyelid. Beak broad, not compressed. Ear small, behind
the eye, under the cervical band and lateral aquiferous opening.
Aquiferous openings one pair at the upper hinder angle of the

Anta tapering, very unequal ; the dorsal pair bent back on them-
selves and furnished with a membrane, the lower pair with a
broad membranous exterior keel, the lateral pairs depressed.
Cups in two series, prominent, as if slightly pediceled.
Siphuncle very large, conieal, attached by two exterior lateral and

two other medial very thin bands.
F Shell (Aboonatita) exterior, one-celled, thin, brittle, transparent,
homy, calcareoiia, slightly flexible when wet ; nucleus hemi-
apherical, very large.
I The female Ocylhoea are often found in the shell of the Argo-
naut, and have hence been supposeil to form these ahells, and aa
yet no other animal haa 1)een found inhabiting them ; but there
are several reasons for believing that the Ocythoe is only a parasite
adapted b;^ its form to Jive in such ehcUfi, aa the web of the arms ii
> <«»/ by the uaimal to embrace the sbekV and keei^ 'A m Vu n^ ^

29

position on the body. TJuUke all other MoUusca, which form
tbe did! thej inhabit : First, the Oeythoe is not attuched to the shell
bj any muscle, nor hac it any muscle, like the bone-bearing cuttle*
Esh, formed lor the purpose of attaching the body to an internal
ghdl. Secondly, the animal, when alive, does not fit tbe shell ; so
that the shell cannpt have been moulded on its body, as m other
Hollusca. Thirdly, the skin of the Oeythoe is of the same texture
and appearance us m the other naked Cephalopoda ; and the presence
of Mud between the shell and the body appears to causa no un-
eadness to the animal, as it does in all other shell-bearing Uol-
liuca, where the animal immediately rids itself of tbe irntatioD
«o caused by covering the sand, &c., with a calcareous coat.
The animals found in these sheila are always female, and the
^lez of the shell is filled with very small eggs ; while from the
Urge siae of the young shell, which is seen on the apex of the true
Argonaut, we should expect the animal which formed thai shell
U> have a large egg ; for, though the eggs of Mollusca are enlarged
during the hatchmg, they are not, in any case I have observed, so
much enlarged as to have such a shell.

It is supposed by those who believe that the shell belongs to
tlie Oeythoe, that it is formed and mended when broken by
the expauded ends of the upper arms, which embrace the outer
nirfttce of the shell, and keep it on the body of the animal.

CraDch and Adams, who have seen these animals alive, state
thu they leave the shell when Ihey are frightened, and they cannot
recover their position in the shell after they have thus left it.

iSr. Adams regards the Argonaut shell as a nest formed by
Ihe female t« contain her eggs ; if this is correct^ it can scarcely be
COmpAred to other shells. He regards them as similar to the carti-
laginoas cases which Murices and other zoophagous Mollusca form
to coDtain their eggs ! ; but they have no apparent analogy to those
bodies, which are secreted by the oviduct as the eggs are deposited.

These various views show that the origin of tbe shell is not yet
distinctly settled.

Living on tbe high seas, floating, and feeding on floating Mol-

Cephalopodft testacea (pars) Cavier, Anat. Comp. 1800.
Cephalopoda testa unilocularia Lamck. Phil. Zoot. i. 322. 1809.
Ceph. ArgonautidK C'antraiiie, MaU. Medit 13. 1841.
Ceph. Argonautica Gravenhorst, TTiier. 1845.
Philonexidff (pars) D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 199. 184ff. ■
C. cymbicochlides (pars) infr. Fam. Nat. 168. 1828.
C. octopia and C. argouautea Hajin. AruU. Nat. 181S.
CtjAiahpodes wonotbataes Zanxck. Hist, ed, 2. n\. iia.
"~ '^''~~ " J^^Zoal. Soc. 1847. 204.

L — 1

■■V OCYTHOE. ^^H

See clarocter of the Family. ^^^

O^thoe Rajin. Aiial Nal. 1815 ; Leach, Phil. Trans. 1818; ^^oirv.

Midac. 1825.
Octopus (. Blainvilie, Malac. 1825.

Ocytoe D'Orb MoU. Fib. et Fos. p. 223. (misprint ?). i

Shell, AEGONACTi Linn.

Nautilus, Nautilcus, Aristoteles. I

Nantilus, Fompilius, Flinius. I

Cymbium Giudteri, 1742. ,

.AJgonauta Linn., Brug., Bofin. Anal. Nat. 1815 j Hiuo, E»r. j

Merid. 18^6 ; Lamarck, D'Orb. MoU. Viv. el Foa. i. 260.

], OCTTHOB TDBBBCVLiTUH. j

Animal elongate. Body oblong, smooth. Eyes large, prominent
Arms unequal; in the following order, I, 4, 2, 8 ; the dorsal pur '
elongate ; the second and third pairs without any internal
ETooTe; tJiu third pair dqircssed their whole lengdi. Si-
nhuucle united to the base of the arms by a lateral mem-

Ooythoe tubcreulata Bajinetqjie, Prhii de Deeouv. Somiol. 29,

Ocytboe Ar^ Deshayes, Enc. MUh. iii. 643.

Ocythoe antiquorum Leach, Zool. Miacel. iii. 139., Jiiam. de I^yt.

lixxvi. 394. 1 Blainv. Joum. de Phyi. Uxzvi. 360. 434 — 447.
Ocythoe probatio Leach, Phil. Tyrone.

Octopus antiquorum Blairm. Diet. Sc. Nal. iliii. 192. t. 1 bi*, f. 1.
Octopus Argonauta 5iaiMB. Malaeol. 366. t. 1 bis, f. 1.
OotopuB tuberculatus Blninv. Did. So. Ntd. xliii. 196.
t Argonauta compressa Bbinv. Diet. Sc. Nal. 212.
Argonauts Argo D'Orb. Paieonl. anio. t. 1,2. f. 1—5., Palionl.

krang. 1. 1. t. 2. f. 1—5., MuU. Via. et Fosi. i. 226. t. 6 and T. '

Hab. Mediterranean, Cape of Good Hope, Indian Ocean.

a. Mediterranean. Adult, without shell. In spiri

sented by Rev. W. Hennah.

b. Mediterranean. Junior, without shell. In spiri

sented by Rev. W. Hennah.
C. Mediterranean. Adult, without shell. In spiri

aenl^jd by J. Bates, Esq., R. N.
d. Mediterranean. Adutt, without shell, with e
spirits. Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D,
"Oojilu '■■-•' -

Pre.
Pre-

1^ /. llediterruieaii. In Argonaut shell, expanded and ««•

tractcd.
g. Indian Oceim. !□ Argonaut fhell, contracted. I*ra>

senled by Capt. Sir Edward Bckher, C. B., E. N.

TA Aboo) compressed, t
with unequal bifurcated
mate, taberculilerous; tuberclea buibU, verj irsijueat. Apertui
compressed, sagittate, truDcated in front.

Argooauta Argo Linn. Syit. Nat. 10. edit. 708. n. 231., Mia. Lud.
in. 548. n. 148., SysL Nal. 12. ed. 1161. n. 271. ; Bora, Ind.
Mtu. Cm. 119. a. It Tett. 140, Viga. 139.; Omel. Sysl. Nat.
S367. ! Srve. Enc. Melh. fen. i. 122. ; W(d/eB, Nov. Act.
Pkg: Not Cur. viii. 235.; OHvi, Zooi. AdrkA 129.; Sehreiberi,
CimckgSen, i. 1. n. 1.; Turb», SgsL o/NaL iv. 304.; jDunenioj,
Diet. So. Nat m. 102.; Tucher, Mat. Demidoa, iii.24S.; Waid,
Zaographg, ii. S79. ; Montf'ort, Conchyi. a. i. &, 1.; Olun,
Lehrb. der Zool. ii. 336. ; Brooke't latrod. to ConchoL 90. t. 3.
f.S3.; Burrow, Eiemeais of CotuJioI. T3. t. 12. f. 1.; Broton,
EiemeTtta of Conch. 63. t. 7. f. 18. ; DiUiapi, Deacr. Cat. L 333. ;
Schumacher, Eas. ifun Noko. Sytl, 268. ; Miaizam, Cotuid. lu i
Moll. Cefaiop. del Argon in Opmc. Sciait. el Mem. di Star.
Nat dec I. p- 83. t. e.f. 1.; Lamarck, Anim. t. Vert. 2d edit. viii.
M2, n. 1.; Soicerby, Genera of Shellt ; Fenuaac, Diet. Clou. L
5S2. n. 2.; Mawe, Linn. Sgit- Conehol. 79. t. IB. f. 1.; De
Martini, Reize aach Venedig, n. 438. ; Wood, Ind. Teal. 62. t.
(. f. 1. 2d ediL t. 13. f. 1. ; D'Orb. Prodr. 47. n. 1. ; Fertut.
Not rur tAnim. du Genre Argonajile, in Mim. Soc. d^Hiat.
Hat. Fori*, ii. 160, t. 14.; Poli, JUem. aid Nauiil. o Argon. Arg.
tAntologia, 58., Teat, iitriaaq. Sidl. iii. 1. t. 40. to 43.,
Am. ofPhiloa, 1825, 152.; Payradeau, Cat MoU. Corte, 172.
n. 348. ; Siiso, HUL Nal. Eur. Merid. iv. 4. ; Blaijmille, Diet.
Se. Nat xliii. 212., Malacolog. 494. ; Bapp, Ueber die Natvr-
iBita. Abhand. i. 67. t. 2. f. I, 2. ; MaurUini, Giam. de Fiaica,
ii. 390. ; Broderip, Zool. Joum. iv. 57. and 224. t. 3. ; Coata,
Cat. de Teat. a. 1. 61. ; DeUe Chiaje, Mem. ad. Star. Nat. ii.
219.; Blamhart, BuUel. Soe. Linn. Bord. iu. Ut. iv. 195.;
Eiehwald, Zool. Spec, ii. 34. ; Grtirin, Iconog. Hig. An. MoU. t.
1. r. 3. a. 6.; FkHippi, Emoa. MoU. Sic. 240.; Potier et Mi-
chaud. Gal. de Dmiai, 2. n. 1. ; D'Orbigny, MM. dea AhtiUea, i.
24- a. 5. ; Reeve, Conch. Sytl. ii. 305. t. 300,

Nsntiliu p^jr&ceus Martini, Conchyi. Cai. i. 230. t. 17. f. 157. ;
SluaB, Nat. MiaceU. iii. t. 101. ; Cubiirea, Hial. abreg. dea Cog-
43. t. 4. r. 6.

Argoonnte papjntce .ffoac, Bsff. de Delerv. CoQ,ui,16\, \.,1.1.i.
S.lMm^i, Baj: de Sonntni, Moll 119. t. M,

32

1T97. *

Argonanta cnmigatft Ramphrey, Mm. Colon. 6. n. 80. IT97.
ArgDnautB Butcata Lamarck, Syst. An. i. Vert. 99. 1801.
ArgDHOiita grandiformia Perry, Conckyl. t. 42. f. 4.
Arg. striata Perry, Conchyl. t. 42- f. 4.

Hab. Atlantic Ocean, Cape of Good Hope, Amboyna, Mediter-

2. OCTTHOE RABICTITQCB.

Animal elongate. Body acuminat«(i behind, smooth. Arms more
webbed below than above, unequal ; in the following order, 1, 2,
4, 3 ; the Becond and third pairs keeled on the outer side ; the
third pair depressed. I

Octopus rariejatbus BlainviUe, Mem. Joum. Phyt. Ixxxvi 398,
1824, Diet. Sc. Nat. xliii. 104.

Argonauttt nodosa D'Orfi. MoB. Viv.etFot. i.231.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope, India,

Shell (AaooNAnTA nodosa) compressed, thin. Sides with transverse
rug>e, which are lougitudinall; tubercultferous ; tuberulea of
keeU rather eminent, compressed. Aperture compresged ex-
ternally, having two diviiricate ears.

Argonauta Argo Limiava, Syst. Nat. edit. 9, 10, 11, 12. 1161. n.
2TI.part; Gmelin, Lin. Syat. Nat. \ar. b. e. ; Srugmere, Enqfc.
Milk. Vers, i. 123. var. b. ; Twton, Syst. Nat iv. var. 4.

a nodosa Solander, MS., and PorOand Cat. 76. 2120. 17.i

Nautile papyracS Favart d Herbigny, Diet. ii. 425, 426.
Paper Naulilns Eammerer, Cabin. Rudolst. 29. var. 6.
Le Nautile i grains de tix Favantie, Conehyl i. 714. t. 7. f. a. 7. a,

9. p. 71fi.
Argonuuta oryzata Masema Gevergianian, 262. n. 133.
Argunaute it grains de riz Monifort, Suff. de Sonnini, Moll. iii.

307. t. 37, 38, 39. f. 1. p. 332. t. 40. p. 364.
Argonaute cbiiFonn^, Argonaule ik oreillcs, Sonmni, Moll, iii, 30T>

t. 39. f. 2.; Martini, Conch. Cab. i. 221. f. I. 229. t. 17. f. Iflfi.

t. 18. f. 166.
Aj^onauta narjcula Soland. MS., and Fort. Cot, 42. VtSS.
' ' — aasnU rStrm Rrrv, Coneh. t. 42. E. 1.

— ry^tT

OCITHOJDS :

Ai^anU tubercnlata Shaw, Nat. Misc. zxlii. t. 995. ; DSbryiiy
DeicriptCal.SSi.i BlamttHle, Joum. de Phgi.lxxxyl 443. £1.
a,i, c; Wood, Ind. Tea. 62. n. 2. t. 13. f. 2. ; Boicdich, Ele-
mrna of C<mck. t. 13. f. 4. ; Fenasac, Diet. Clan. i. 552. n. 3. ;
ffOrbigng, Prodr. 48. n.S.; Eichwald, Zool. Spec. a. 34.; Det-
hat/et, JEnc. Meth. ii. 69.
AreonauU tuberculosa Schurnacher, Esi. dun Nbuv. Syst. 260. ;
lamarck. An. s. Verl. 2d edit, vii. 632. p. 2. ; Btaiiw. Diet. Se.
Ka. xliii. 212. f. 1. a, b., Maiacolog. 365. t. 1. f. 1. a, h.
BiA. Indian «eB3.

a, h. Shells. Mr. Broderip's CoUectJon.

e. Sbetl. New Zealand. Presented by And. Sinclair, M.D.,
E.N.

i, e. Sheila, New Zealand. Presented by Dr. Dieffenbach.

f—h. Sfaella.

i. Shell. Mu8. Crafherofle.

*, I. Sheila. Mr. Broderip's Collection.

m. Shell. Cbiloe. Mr. Broderip's Collection.

N — r. Sheila, joung.

1. Shell. In spirita. One ear. Mr. Broderip's Collection.

3. OCTTBOB CbANCHII.

Animal amall. Head long. Ventral aperture large. Aquiferous
cfteniogs two. Arms short, unei^ual; m the following onler, 1, 2,
3, 4 ; the webbed arms small, thick.
Ocythoe Craachii Leach, Joiim. Fhyi. 1817; Tuckey, Voy.
Congo, 410. 1., Phil. Tram. 1817, 296. t. 12. ; Blaiav. Joum. Phi/i.
Uxxvii. 47- 1. 86. f. 2. a, b.. Did. Sci. Not. xlii. 195.
Octopus punctatua Blainr. Diet. Sd. Nat. xliil. 195.
Argonauta hiana D'Orh, Moil. Viv. et Fois. i. 232.
Hab. Atlantic Ocean.
a. Coaat of Africa. Without shell. In spirita. Presented
by J. Cranch, Esq., Congo Expedition.

6. ? With young shell. In spirits.

Shell (Abookacta htahs) compressed, whitish brown, adorned

with unequal radiating ribs. Keels remote, margined on each aide

, with thicK tubercles. Aperture broad, oblong.

' Argonauta Argo Zfnn. Sysi. Nat. edit 9, 10, 11, 12. 1161. n. 271.

! part ; Bom, Teat. Mum. Caa. 140. var. |3. ; Gmel. Syit. Nat. 3369.

Tar. J. ; Bruguiire, JBrtcyd. Meth. Vers. i. 123. var. c; Tvrloit,

%«(. ofNaLiv. Tar. 3.

Nautilua papyraceua Daetla, Catal. St/it. \. 10&. n. %1 . 1A wceft.',

~'^,JSitmtr.m.L84.f.0 ~ .. - .—

34 CATALOQini OF CXFHALOPOBA.

8. n. 49. ; Cai. Mut. Leersian. 10. n. 60, 67. ; Faifart iBet*

bigny, Vict. ii. 426. ; Favanne, Cat. de la Tour tTAuoergw^ (17.

n. 348., Canchyl I 711. t, 7. f. A 6. f. ▲ 3. 71S., f. ▲ 10. f. A 1.

p. 717.
Argonaute papier brouillard Montfort, Bvff. 48 Somum. Mod iii*

358 and 371.
Nautilus tenuis Martini, Coneh. Cab. i. 235. t 17. t 159, 6(^9. e(

p. 238., vignette, p. 221. f. 2.
Argonauta hyans Solandery MS., and PorUfimd Cai, 44. IOK^m

Humphrey, Mus. Calonn. 6. n. 82. ; DiUtoyn, Desc. Cat, 334> f^

3. ; Fermsac, Diet. Class, i. 553, i\. 4.; D Orb, Prodr. 48. n. 5.;

jyOrh, et Feruss. Mon, Ceph, AeSt. Argonautes, t. 5. ; jD*Or-

higny, PalSont. univ, t. 2. f. 6—10., PalSant. Strang, t. 2. f. 6—

10., Moll. Viv, et Fos, i. 223. t. 7. f. 6—10. ; Adams^ Voy. &•

marang, MoU, 4. t. 3. f. 2. a, ft, c.
Ocythoe Cranchii Leach, Phil, Trans. 1817, 296. t. 12. f. 1—6.
Argonauta Cranchii Firussac, Diet. Class, i. 552. n. 1.; D^M*

Class, des Ceph, 48. n. 6.
Argonauta haustrum DiUw. Descr. Cat, 335. ; Wood^ 2nd. Ted

62. n. 5. ; Deshayes, Enc. Metk. ii. 70. n. 3. ; D'Orb. MoU. de

TAm. Merid, 12., MoU, des Conor. 17. n. 3., Moll, des AntiU. I

28. n. 6.
Argonauta gondola Dillwyn, Desc, Cat. 335. n. 4.; Wood^ hi.

Test, 62. n. 4. ; Femssac, Diet. Class, i. 553. n. 5. ; Mawe^ Im.

Syst. Conchd. 79. t. 18. f. 2. ; Deshayes, Encyc, MSUL ii, $9.

n. 2. ; Adams, Zool, Voy. Sam. MoU. 3. 1. 1. f. 2. a., %. 2. f. 2. ^ fj

s, t.
Argonauta nitida Lamarck, An. s. Vert, vii 653. n,. 3. \ Btam,

Diet, des Se. Nat. xliii. 213. ; Crouch, Conchyl. 43. %. 20. f. 17. i

Deshayes, Encyc. Mefh. iL 69.
Argonauta crassicostata JBlainv. Diet Sci, Nat, xliii. 213.
Argonauta raricosta J92ain27. Diet, Se. Nat, xliii. 213^; DeshoffSt,

Enc. ii. 69 n. 1.
Argonauta Owenii Adams, 2dOol. Voy. Samarang, 4i t. 3. f. 1. «| 5*, <i

Hcd), Coast of Africa, China.

a — c. Shells. Mr. Broderip's Collection.

d. Shell. Without ears. Mr. Broderip*s CoUectioxu

e. Shell. China. Presented bj John Reeves, Esq,.
/— y. Shells, young.

Species not sufficiently described,
4. "Argonauta eufa."
Animal and shell thick, red.
AT^ODauta rufa Owen, Trans, Zool. Soc. ii. 114.
^aA South Paci&c. Capt.P.P.Em^^'R.^.

Obdee II. SEPHIlfIA,

BcA/ doDgate, oblong, or cj-lindrictl, iometimes fritfaoat any
cem'cal buid. Fini develojied, lateral or dorsal, posterior.
Haatle mpporled bj a de^j band, or bj cartilngiiioiu buttons
udloope.
&ed muller than the body. Ejes free in the orbit, turning in
ererj direction in the yerj large orbital cavitj. Buccal mem-
farsne largelj dereloped. Aquiferona apertures on the lip«
and arms, but none on the head.
ifmi tea ; eight sessile, often edged with membranes ; two ten-
tacular, elongated, coming out between the third and fourth
pain ofaessue arma and the lips- Cups oblique, peduncled,
fftreog^ened vith a homy Hug, aometimea formed into a claw.
Smhundt almost always provided with an intemol valve,
SieB internal, longitudma], occupying and etrengthenlng the
middle of the back.
spia Linx. S. N.
Ct^h. anlepedla Sephinia Rajtn. Anal. Nat. 139. 1815.
C^ulopoda decapoda Leach, ZaoL Mac. iii. 1S17; Finmac, TabL
Sy^ 18. 1821 ; Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 205. ; Menke, Syn.
i 1828 J Cantraine, Mai. Midit. 13. 1841.
Antliobrachiophora Sepiaphora Gray, Land. Med. Rep 1821.
Criptodibrancbiata decacera Blainv. D. S. N. xxn. 1824 ; Menki,
^SuK. ed.2. 1830.

malopoda decapoda eut«ro3tea Latr. Fam. Nat. 160. 1825.
liginea Graveak. Tkier. 34. 1834.
Decabrachides Blaine.
Bepiacee BUdnv. Did. Set. Nat. lii. 90. 1818; Ehrenb. Sym.

n.yt. 1831.
8q>iads Fleming, Brit. Anim. 252. 182S.
Sq)i« (lea Seiohea) J'erruj. Tab. Sy»t. 24. 1821.
Sepitephora Grai/, Loud. Med. Rep. 1821 ; Deah. Eney. Melh. iii.

946.

Se^iophora Gray, Mem. B. M. 92.

[ HerrnKomtelL, Iitd.

Sepialea (para) (lea Sepiales) Laineh. Phil. Zool. 1809.

Bepiolea XatncA. Exlraitdu Cow. 1812; Deak. Eiiey. Meth. p. 236.

1830.
Sepiaria {pa«) (lee Seplares) Lamck. Hist. vii. 654. 1822.
[ Sepiina MacgiUivray, MoU. Aberd. 22. 1S43.

M. D'Orbigny separates this order Into two suborders {Mt
CtUta, i. 7. 1841) thus:

i. Myopsida Ejies cnvered vrith tlie slcLn, withoat immedit
contact wilh the water: this will contain Cranchiadm, Sejnae
Spindidte, and LoUgida.

rnally, in immediate contact w:

i

9..

ft

BelemnitidiE.

Synopsis of Families.
A. SkeU solid, koT^y.—CnovDSOFBOJtK.
9. Mantle supported by two irdfracd fieshy Baads, (Allied to Oei
ith the skin. Siphun
H. LoLiGOPSiDX. Ejes naked. Siphuncle simple.

HL CmnoTUVTHiaM. Eyes naked, simple above. Siphun

TV. OsrcnOTEVTHlDX. Eyes naked, with a ainns abore.

phuticle with a valve.
T. LOLiaiBX. Eyes covered with akin, simpte-

irtilaginotu Ridi

^^VL Sbfiadx. Eyes covered with akin. Head ui
^V by a broad cervical band.

"C. SheU chambered, ^phoned, calcareous or ho,

Vn. Spirvlids. Shell spiral, whorls Bepuralf.
VIII. Belemnitid.e. Shell straight.

Suborder I. Chondrophora.

tfalernal, solid, horn; or cartilaginous, either lanceolate, pBB*
Mitfa a central longitudinal dorsal rid^ aVuve, and n groorc
Btti, sometimes thick on each side near tlie edges; or flat,
|^,nith D narrow central longitudinal solid rib, and h einular
ane*cliedge. The apex solid, somelimes tbickeneil, produced,
•nd CBitilaginouB.
Teuthomorpha (pars) Broun, Oesch. dtr Nat. 53S. 1847.

Ski. L — Tentral side of m

interanl deshj

Sici. n. — Ventral eide of mantle free, with two internal carti-
laginous ridges. 3. Chibotedtqid.£. 4. OittcuoTBUTHiiif.
S. Louoam.

8. Mantle tupported hy two internal Jleshy Bandi on the ventral Side.
Body Kift, semilramparent, eUmgate. Fiia poiterior, dortal,

Fam. I. CRANCHIAD^.

Bodg large, membraneous, ventricose, rounded behind, nairowed
and truncated in front. Fins terminal, nlBxed to a speeiat
prolongation of the bodj, oval, separated by a nick behind ;
nnited to tlie head hj a narrow cervical band, and beloir bj a
fleshy band on each side of the base of the siphunclo,
Btad TBrj small, very narrow in front and behind the ejes.
Ejes large, prominent, covered with a continuoos ekiu with a
imall transparent ipoL Buccal membranes large, acutely eight-
Inbed ; lobes opposite to the base of the arms.
_ Arm i. Sessile arms conical, subulate, short, unequal, without fins,
^■■^ with two rows of uupa; the third pair longest; three
^^^^■pr purs shortly webbed together. Tentacular arms large ;
^^^^Efinned behind, and with four series of cups.
^^^^pcfe Terr long, obliquely truncated at its extremity, with an
^^rornal valve, but no superior central band.
SWI homy, as long as the body, narrow, bilanceolate, and pointed

H each end.
Cmichina Gray, Proc. Zool. Sac. 1847. 205. n. 801.
Cnnchia Finasac, Owen, D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Fo». \. 238.
8ewd(E (rars) D'Orb. Moll. Viv. et Fm. I 238. 1845.
Ctlmon B. Les Cranehiea Slainmlle.
, TouUde O'aaJ Owen, Shau. 2. S. u. 4. ISSS.

r:

1. CRANCHIA.

See character of Family.

CnBchia. Leaeh, Zool. Misc. lit. 137.1817; J^fey.Foy. IW.lSUj
Firassac el D'Orb. Tab. Ciphal. fiS. 1835 ; Oawn, Trant. ZteL
Soc. ii. 21. 1836 ; D'Orb. el Fermsac, Ceph. Aek. 18S9 ; D'Ori.
MoU. Vin. et Fos. i. 238., MoU. Aatil. 1839.

CalmtirH B. Lea Crancbiea Blamo. Diet. Sc. Nat. xxrii. 135.

1. Cb*nchia bcabsa.

Body and head covered above with ntunerous homy tubercle^
divided info two, three, or four points. Body rery Toluminora,
flask-shnped. Fins rounded, united by their aides. Eye*
very large. Sessile arms unequal; onler of their length, 8,3^
4, I ; cups for apart on the margin of the arma. Tentaetuii
KCTOB contractile ; cups smaller than those of the sessile tava.
Shell homy, very narrow ; narrowed in the middle, and ex-
panded and acute at each end.

Cranchia scabra Leach, Tuckey, Exped. to Congo, 410. t. 1817,
Zooh MUcfU. iii. 137., Jmm. de Fhys. Ixxxvi. 395,, PI. de Jm\
a. 6. ; D'Orbigny, Tab. Meth. Class, de Ceph. 58.; Owen, Trwu.
Zool. Soc. ii. t,21. f. 1—5.; D'Orb.et Fenai. Ceph. .dca. n. 1,
CratKha, t. 1. f. 1. ; D'Orh. MoU. dea AntiUet, i. 32. n. 7., ifctt
Viv. et Fos. i. 239. t. 8. Iroia Owen and Leach.

Loligo Cranuhii Blaine. Joum. de Phyt. 123. 1823, Did. Sa. Nat
xxv'u. 133. ; Ferussac, Did. Class. (THijit. Nat. iv. Atlai, f. t

HiA. Atlantic Ocean. Sea of West ladies.

a. Africa, Congo. In spirits. Mr. J. Cranch, froia tbe

Congo ExpedidoD.

b. The shell of a.

2. CeANCHI*. MiCULATA,

Body smooth, very beautifully marked with black spots ; ovsU,

distant. Head and arms f

Craoehia maculata Leach, Tnchey, Exped. to Congo, 410. t. ISIJ,

Joura. de Pkya. Ixxxvi. 395.; D'Orbigny, Tab. Meih. deb

Clots, de Ceph. 58., MoR. Vin. et Fos. i. 241. ; D'Orb. it

Ferusi. Ciph. Acet. 224.
Loligo Icevis Blainvilie, Joum. de Phys. 123, 1B23, Diet, dee &

i^. sxvi. 135.
fftA. Atlantic Ocean.

a. AJricB, Congo. In spirits. The sac only.
i>7 Mr. J. Cranch, from the Conga ■E-i-g^^iSiaiu

r

LOUGOFSIDS :

Fam. n. LOLIGOPSID^ ^H

membranaceoua, eemipellucid,

fioay elungate, tapering behind. Mantle supported bj tliree mus-
cular bands ; one medial daraal under the end uf the sbel),
and one on each side uf tbe ventral surface. Fins caudal,
terminal, semieircnlor ; their united outlines oval or rounded.
Ears without any crest.

Mead small, braad. Eyes lateral, anterior, pcduncled, naked,
without any latrjmal sinus. Buccal membrnne Tery short
No buccal, brachial, nor anal aquiferous pores.

S^himcle without any superior central band ; no internal ralve.

SasU internal, horny, elongated, slender, pcnnate, soUd.

I Soc. ii. 2. 1838.

1. LOLIGOPSIS.

Sodg very much elongated, conical, attenuated. Mantle 8up-
porled by three muscular banda ; one medial, dorsal, under tbe
end of tuc sbell, and one on eauh side of the ventral surface.
— Head small, broad, very short, much depressed, narrow
behind. Eyes pedundetl, very lar^, naked. Buccal meiU'
brane aeven-lobed, without cups. — Sessile arms conical, subu-
late, very contracted, rounded, very unequal. Cups oblique,

1 pednnded, in two alternating series; rings smooth. Tentacular
■rms not retraclile, slender, marginal, dorsal. — SiphutieU yerj.
large, broad, elongate, nicked on the sides, without any central
superior band or internal valye. — Shell internal, horn^, flexible,
slender, keeled above; very narrow, lanceolate, thickened at
tbe tip. — Living in the higli seas.

IboJJCopaii (Calmaret) Lamck. Extr, d. Cour. 1812; Finitiae et

j. If Orb. CipL 1839.

Loligopais Lamck. Hilt. vii. 659. 1822 ; D'Orb. Mall. Cuba, i. 7.
1641, MoB. Vit. el Foa. \. 368,; OraM, Tram. Zool. Soc. Land.
t, 21. Anat. 184T ; Owen, Truna. Zool. Soc. ii. 2.

t/eaahia LeSveur, Jo«r. Acad. Fkilad. ii. 89. 1821, not Risso, E.M.
1826; "Lfstim," Blainv. Midac. 1823.

Iioligo ep. BiainmUe, Joum. de Phyt. 1823.

Pwotbis EschacholU, MS. i827 V ; JSathke, Mem.. Acad. Pet«A.

y fBt Aptrt teeaat, ii. Itl34.}

r

' Smooth. — Loligopais.

J. LoLIGOPSIS PAVO.

Body smooth, very much elongated, conical, spotted with red.
Fins terminal, short, soil, narrow, outline together bearl-sbaped,
not notched in front. Sessile arms short, dender, three upper
pair rounded. Cups mucb depressed, broad, oblique ; rmga
smooth exteriorly, inner edge (iividefl into square l^eth. Ten*
tocuJar arms slender. Shell elongate, very thin, nearly gdati-
nouB, attenuated anteriorly, lanceolate posteriorly.

Loligo pavo ZeSueur, Jaum. Acad, fifat. Sc. PhUad. ii. 96. n. fi. t
ad p. 97. 18-21 t Btainji. Juurrud de Pkys. 1823, 33., IH<± dn
Sc. liaL XKTti. 143. ; Fenni. Diet. CUua. iii. 67. n. 16.

Loligopsis pavo D'Orb. ^ Fcms*. Ccph. Aeet. Calmart, t. 6. C I.
4., Loligopain, t. 4. f. 1. 8. 1839 ; S'Orb. Malt. Viv. el Foi. i
389. t. 23. f. 5—10.

HeA. AtlantJc Ocean, Arctic Seas, Madeira.

2. Loligopsis elufsoptesa.

Body ftuiuel- shaped, semipeUucid ; hinder part of the body elon-
gate, tapering. Fins depressed, semicircular, rounded, outHnt
together oblong. Siphuncle very lar^e. Arms very unequil;
comparative length, 2, 3, 1,4; the second pair longest ; dmd
and ventral pairs small. Shell slender, penniform, homy.

Loligopsis ellipaoptera Adama, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Mottiaea, i.%,
t. 1. f. 1.

Hab. North Atlantic.

Mr. Adams only describes eight arms, probably the pednneU

arms were destroyed. Scarcely appears to differ from L, egdwat

3. LoLiooFsis Ztg^s^a.

Fins half-obloog, together nearly square, narrower in front,
broader and sinuous behind. Sessile arms, order of length, 1, 3,
4, 3 ; two upper pair longest, two lower short ; the dorsal pui
webbed at the base, rest free. Tentacular arms with small cnpi
scattered on the elongated peduncles.

Loligopsis Zygtona Vercmi/, Cephal. ex Sicily, t. 1. f. 2.
Sab. Sicily.

4. Loligopsis termicolaus.

J^eci rerr tbln and long. Fins together subcordate. SoA
1 WJtb verj amoU distant cupa in »ll*«»Jfc wiBtK^'4l|q

(lOligojpsiB

. 1844-5.
ab. Sicilj.

19 microHCopic pnps Shell TSry
nicolarU RiippeU, Giom. del GabineHo di Mettuta,

I 3. LoLinopsis c

(bdy elongiite, rather fu^orm, attenaated behind, irhitieh,

spotted with red ; sides with a longitudinal row of eleven
I acute four-pointed tuberclea, and many smaller ones. Fina
I lemicircular, broad, ti^ther Bubrhomboidal. Sessile arma
I large, conical, very contractile, unequal ; pToportionat* length,

3, 2, 4, I. Cups nearly spfaerieul; rings oLlique, Shell elongate,
I thin, very narrow anteriorly, lanceolate, rather dilated bebltid ;
I tip vei^ sharp, attenuated, solid.

ieachia cyclura LeSvear, Joum. Acad, Nat. Inst. Soc. Philad. ii.
[90. t6. IS21.

UuFopsia cyclura Firms. Sid. Class, u. 68. pi. f. 3. 1823; D'Orb.
ImoU. Viv. et Fos. L 370. t. 23, f. 4.

htgo Leachii Blainj). Diet. Sc. Nat. xxvi. 135., Jaun. de Phys.
11833, p. 124.

Uigopsis Leachii Finus. D'Orb. Tab. de C^h. £7. 1S25.
Uigopais guttata Grajit, Trans. Zool. Soe. Load. i. 21. t. 2. 1833 ;
{jyOrh. Cepk. AcH. Lotigops. t. 1. f. I. t. 3. t. 4. f. 9—16.
Jkrothu pcllucida £.(cA^Ao^2, JUS. 1827.

Wothis Escholtzii Ralkke, Mem. de PAcad. des Sc. de St. Petertb.
\far divers savims, ii. 149. 1835. 149. t. 1. f. 1 — 15.
^. Indian Ocean.

I "•• Doabt/ul Species.

L 6. LoLioopsiB P FEBONn.

Ipdj ' fleshy, oblong; the mantle subacute at the base, and finned

' iniferiorly. Mouth terminal, surrounded wilii eight scsaile and

■ equal arms.

wUgopsis Peronii Lamck. Cours de Zool. 123. 1812, An. s. Vert.

; »ii. fi39.; Finissac, Diet, Class, ii. 68.; Firuss. et D'Orb. Tab.

, C^pA. S7. i DOrb. Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 372.

4Bpia sepiola Peronii LeSueur, Joum. Acad. Nai. Sc. Philad. U.

' 100. 1S2I.

MZeSueur.lc. 100, 1821,

r

Loligo porvultt Peroa, MS. (fide de BlainTille).
Loligo Teronii Blainv. Joum. de Phyi. 1823, p.

Sc. Nat. xxvii. 136.
Hab. South Seas.

7. Louaopsis ? f chstbopbtalhos.

a large oval ejed epot a

LoligopsiB Tilesii Fhws. Calmta-a, t. 1. f. 2, 3, 4, 1825.
L. cliromorpha D'Orb. 1. c, 373. 1845.
Eab. Japan.

8. LoUflOFSIS DUBIA.

n iatemal cartilagiiiotu Ridgtl A
le in Oie middle of the dortal

Fam. in. cniROTEUTHiD-ai:.

Animal serolpellucid.

Body elongate, tapering behinil. Mantle supported by two oUm|
cartilages placed on thu inside of tlie mantle, with groovw M '
the base of tbe siphuncle, and a ridge or groove on the midA J
of tbe back. Fins on tbe sides uf the hinder part of the back. *

Bead moderate. Ears without any crest. Eyea Literal, se""'
naked, without any lacrymal sinus. Buccal membrane a
Buccal aquiferous opening distinct. _,

Arms very long. Tentacular anna not retractile, external to th ^
web.

Siphuncle without any superior central hand or internal valve.

SheU internal, bomj, elongate, slender, without any chambers.

LoUgopaideB (pars) D'Orb. Moll. Vie. et Foa. i. 377.

Crencbia sp. Perussac, Mag. Zool. 1834,
.r^K fg gp^ FSnuiae., 3%. Zooi. 1834.

. Bynoptis of Ike Otnera.

Cbirotedtsts. Arms free ; cartilages of tlie nmntle dilated
below. Rings of tups coDtracted in the middlu. Shell slender,

f dilaud at each end.

'HiHTiOTBOTHiB. Three upper pairs of scsaile eriug webbed
nearly to the end ; cardloges of mantle linear, elongate. Kings

• of cups convex extemallj. Shell broad, pennatu.

■ Shell narrow, raiher dilated ai each End. Base of loiig Arm*
with scattered Cups.

. 1. CHIROTEUTHIS.

fdj/ elongBXe, conical. Fins on tbe hinder part of the aides of
pie back. — Head elongate, depressed, narrowed behind tbe
nes, without any cervical crest. Eyes large, prominent ; aper-
Bore oval, not contractile. Buccal membrane tbin, sevcn-lobed i
■Dccal EU]iiilerou9 aperturea aix, distinct. — Arms very long.
Beaeile ones conical, subulate, rounded, webbed at tbe base;
pops Tery small elobulor, oblique, strongly peduncled, in tiro
titemate lines; ring very oblique, with a circular depression.
jtentocular arms exceedingly long, very slender, cylindrical;
Irith small alternate cups scattered on Uieir wbole length. Club
lanceolate, terminating in a fleshy cup; aides with a brood mem-
Iraoe ; cups in four rows, on long cylindrical peduncles swollen
pt the end, and bearing a second pedicle carrying a hood-like
lorny ring ctlged at the base, with a lateral aperture armed witb
ieelh, — Siphuncle short, without superior baud or valve. The
nrtilBge on the side of the siphuncle oval, transverse, with a
large tubercle on each side of the oblong cavity ; mantle with
pi oblong cartilage, larger beneatli, and with a pit on each side to
Rceive the tubercles on the siphuncle. — Shell internal, homy,
mr^ slender, slightly dilated into a narrow lanceolate expansion
K each end,

KroMUtliis D'Orb, Ciphal Acetah. 1839, Ann. Sci. Not. ivi.
1041 ! accidentally confounded with Cirroteuthis Gray, P. Z.
Soc. 1847, 205. ^m

Bigopais sp. Feniss. Mag. Zool. 1 834 ; Vcrany, Acad. Toriita.^ ^^H

1. Chixoteuthis Vesakxi. ^I

id; smooth : fins semicircular, together heart-shaped. Head
i!e arras very large, rounded, acuminate, unec\ualv
len^h, 4, 3, 2, 1 ; rings of the three uppei pin* ■wN.'Cq.
,^ ._-.L I . the broader s^i

Iwwe. S

■suie. Te

etiw^^^

arms twelve times as long as the body, with a lanceolate d

Shell Tery narrow; the lowest part with the longest ai " "

expansion.
Loligopsis Coindetii Verajo/, MS.
Loligopsia Veranji Feniss. Mag. de Zool. 1B34, t. (

Animal de Cue. t. 6.
Chiroteuthia Yeranyi D'Orb. Ceph. Acel. Calmari, t. 3. b4 jiJ

—23. 1839, Mod. Viv. et Fos. i. -- ' "' ^

Hab. Mediterranean.

2. CSIBOTEUTHIB BoNFLANDl.

Body elongate, coniciJ. Head moderate. Fins balf tl
the body, together rbomboidaL Sessile arn
rounded tubercles at the end, uneqaal ; order of h
4. Shell Tery narrow in the middle ; nitrrow al

Chiroteuthia Bonplandi D'Orb. MoU. Fin. et Fos.
Loligopsis Bonplandi Verany, Acad, di Torino, L 2
Bab. Atlantic Ocean.

B. Shell lanceolate, pennate.
2. HISTIOTEUTHIS.
Sody short, cylindrical, pointed behind; cartilage C
with a deep groove, with raised edges ; those o"
longitudinal, larger below. Fins lai^e, rounded, o
the ends ol' the body; nicked t>cfure and behind.—
lal^e, cylindrical, without any cervicAl crest. Eyes I
not prominent, with an external aperture without ■
unus or contractile eyelids. Buccal membrane b
aile, sii-lobed, without any cups. Four buccal ac '
ings, one on uacli side of the base of the upper ai
and two brachial openings on the outside of
arms ; no anal opening. — Sessile arma large, volui
unequal ; the three upper pairs united b^ a web ne
loner pair free ; cups very small, oblique, fleshy, |
in two rows very far apart. Tentacular anns outn ,
the web; club lanceolate, finned externally, and with ■ M
brane on the sides ; cups in six alternate liaee, rather O^E
rings armed with acute teeth. — SiphuncU very short, I
— SkeU horny, flexible, lanceolate, pennate ; expanaioil,fe
narrow above, with a longitudinal central ridge.

s lyOrb. Cephal. AcHah. \%%%,

- aa.1

ONSCHOTEUTHID^.

Ml, AfoB. Cuba, i. 7. IS41, Moll Viv. et Fos. I. 79. t.
W8 ; DetA. in Lamck. Hist. si. 237. ; Ora;/, Froc. Zool.
M7, 205.

ioteulhjs Verany, Cat. Invert. 17. 1846.
jchia 3p. Fenua. Mag. de Zool. 1835, p. 66.

1. ElETIOTECTHIS Rnn Ki.r.nm .

y short, obtuse. Head very large ; and head, body, and arma,
■ttered with tubercles. Seaside arms Bubeqoal, fleshy. Fins
imicirGuhLr, broad. Shell broad, Imiceolate.
Uhiu Botidliano Firusi. Mag. de Zool. 1833, p. 6

2J^^|

2. HlaTloTECxnia EirFPEij.ii.

j|, heail, and arms {,'''^nulaT, Head large. The second and
lird pairs of arras longer, first and fourth ahorter. Cupa blue.

erhaps only a variety of the former.

Fam. IV. ONYCHOTEUTHID^.

anofltc, fle.thy. Fins posterior, dorsal, angular, togethe^
wdal. Mantle supported by cartilaaiinouB tubercles
jx front. Anal aquiferous opening distinct.
rmodentte, crliniirical. Eyes lateral, naked, with a deep laery-
' ' lU8 at the upper edge. Buccal membrane large. Ears

1

icular arm* with n rounded group of small sessile cupd al
trenity of the club.
Rcb with one or two bands on each side above, and with U I
tinct internal valve,

Internal, homy, lanceolate, without any air-chambera.
. Zool. f
!l Foi. i.
V 6^ /hie. Zooi. Soo. 1847, '■

f

Si/rtopsii of Genera,

. Teitlamdar and Miiile Armt with claw-like tfooh.

. ExOFLOTEUTHis. — Fins flubtermmal, dorBol, rhombw. 3c
arms with hook onlj. Shell penoste, lanceolale.

3. Ancisthocheihus. —Fins occupying the whole side of that

rhombic. Sessile arms with hooka only. Shell dilatedtt'

8. Abralia. — Fina aubterminal. Sessile arms with boofci II
biLsc and cups at the tip. Shell lanceolate, concBTB
edges.

4. OcTOPODOTEUTBis. — FIds On thehind part of the back,.

Shell narrow.

5. AcANTUOTSVTIIIs. — Fins P Shell nM

dually dilated above.

B. Tenlaealar Arms with Hooks. Seiaile Anru with C»fl t

6. Ol'YCJJOTEUTHis. — Club of tentacular arm with hook* % I

lanceolate, pennute, sides thin.

7. AxctsmOTKVTHlS. — Club of tentacular arm wit

Shell narrow, rather dilated in iront, with oi
two mai^innl ribs.

8. OiVi-CH/.<. — Club of tentacular arm with hooks on the

and with two rows of small cups on each side. Shell \ta
pennate.

C Tentacular and sessile Arms tcilh Caps and hortsy Sitgi,

9. Ommastsepiies. — Fins rhombic, posterior, caiidaL InlB

cartilage of mantle dilated below. Shell narrow, dilaUO
front with one central and two marginal ribs.

A. Tentacvlar and teuile At^m famished teilh Hmikt-
1. ENOPLOTEUTHIS.

Body elongate, with regular longitudinal lines of minute toM
beneath j sometitnes produced into n more or less elougsleH
tul. Fina angular, on the hinder part of the back; UM
rhombic. — Head rather large, aubcylindrical. Buccal^
brane eight-lobed ; two upper bands distinct, and iiMJ
between the two dorsal aims.— S?BS\lis arms with a seriB

I bodkii
I cenlfd<

47

^vered with a clonelr fittins membrane. Tentacular ftrms
feeble, scarcelj cluboed, anned with h^xiks only. —
pipkuncU with two sujierior central bundB. — Shell penoate,
inceoUl«, Bometimea ainuouB at the side, and without any appen-
"x at the tip; the central ridge narrow, keeled, produced in front.
mloleTithh D' Orb. Moll. Viv. el Foi. i. 39S., Ciph. Acet. 1839;

J, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847. 206.
igo ap. Leaek, Zool. Mise. 1817.
BboOieutis sp. Firtasac, TiA. 5yrf, 26. 1821.
ehoteuthia sp. Fenamc ff If Orb. Tab. Cephal. 182S ; Verany,
<i. Acad. Torino, 1S37.
jtanattrephea (pars) Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 206.

P Soify prolonged, and tuiveiteidar behind ; bibercular £■

1. Ehoplotedtbir Smitbii.
■d with numerous lines of small taberclei, one Reriea VKtendiBg
ftp each side of the back of the arms. Body smooth above, with
jbTea longitudinal lines of small rotinded granules beneath; the
Bt^^ lines irregulu'. Sessile arms square ; the dorsal pair
|lightly margined on the outer edge ; the second pair with a, broad
■embranoua edge ; hooks about sixty. Tentacular arms, lower
hblong group of ten small cups, half open, rest closed ; hook* ten,
p two alt«rnatii]g lines. Shell lanceolate, rather broad, outer
Use regularly arched.

luo Smithii LeacA, Tucify'a Expedition, Appen. 411. t. . f.
ETull, 1817, Zml. MkceU. lii. 141. sp. 3. ; Blaine. Diet. Clou.
(ST., Jimm. de Phys. xctL 126. ; Fenas. Did. Clasa. iii. 67.
bdioteuthis Smithii Feria». D'Orb. Tab. MeOi. Cipk. 61. ip. 9.
^S5, Ciphai. Aoiph. t. 2. f, S. cop. from Leach.
bp> leptura Leach, Zool. MitcelL iii. 141 ep. 21. p. 3. 1817;
Kdkyi Erped. Cotu^o, App. iv. 411. t. f. 1817, Jaum. de
Pfty«.lsxXTi. 395. t. i. 3. 5, ; Bloinv. Did. Se. Nat. ixvii. 187t
fotmi. de Phyi. xcvi. 126.; Firu*.. Diet. Class, iii. 67. n. 9^
ASm, t. f. 3. all from Leach

rchoteuthis leptura Finaiac, Cephal. Acet. Onychoteuthia, K.
t 4. 1828, cop. from Leach.
ivofaoteutbis leptura Feruaiac, Ceph. Acet. Oni/ehotevthii, t. 6.
Il.f. 6— 14. 1839.

pmlotealliis leptura D'Orb. g- Firuis. Moll. Ceph. Act. Ony-
pMntfAu, t. 12. f. 20. 1839 ; DOrb. Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. SS9. t.
fT. t. 1—9., Falion. univer. t. 17. f. 1—9-
kb> Atlaouc Ocean.
T * W. A&iea, ht 1' 6' N^ long. 26" aV 1

CATA1.0QIIE OP CEPHAIOPODA.

Bpirits. Hinder part of body produced, aubvesienlu.
Presented by J. Crunch, Esq., Congo Espedi'
Lolign Smithii Leach.
■. West Africa, lat. 1° 8' N., lon^. 26° 30' E. Hilf
— ^ flood Btate. In spirits. Hinder part *"

0(ty snddeni^ contracted into a short tail. FreMOUl
y J. Cranch, Esq., " t. ,. -

Lolijro leptura Li

bj J. Cranch, Esq., Congo Ezpedition

d. West Africa, lat. 1° 8' N., long. 26° 30' E. The lieidti
arms only. PreBented by J. Cranch, Esq., Congo?*— ^

2. EsOFtOTECTHia

Body elongate. Pins rhombic, about two-thirds the lenf
body, acul« on the sides. Eyes with five round tui
the ventral aide. Sessile arms rounded behind, not fi
third and fourth pairs much thicker. Tentacular arm
enlarged above, subulate, and unanncd at the tip, with a n
round group of four or five cups at the base, and three or'
amall hooks in the middle. Shell broad lanceolate, thin, tn
parent.

Enoploteuthis margaritifera Ruppeli, Giormde del Qabin. dt Mw
aim, xxvi. 1844, 2. f. '

Hah, Sicily, Messina. RiippeU.

a, b. Messina. In spirits. From Dr. Eiippell's CoDecli*
c. The shell of a. in spirits.

3 EnopLOTEnxHis Tebabt.
Body conical. Fins rhombic, half as long as the body, large angull

on the sides. Second pair of arras finned on the outer side.
Enoploteuthis Verany RuppeU, Giom.del Gahia. di Meisina,X

1844, 3. f. 2.
Bab. Genoa.

4. Enopi.otbcth]s Owend.
Body conical, pointed behind. Fins rhombic, more than half
length of the body, nicked in trout, rounded on the sides. — B

Enoploteuthis Owenii Verany, Cmgreai. di Napoli, Cat. A»
Insert. Genova, 17. 29. n. 34. t. 6. f. 2. 3.
-^4 Genets. Ferliftpe tlie bmhb m E. Veraiq-

ASCISTBOCKBISCB.

's length.

1

5. EVOPLOTEDTSIB

ai widi books on ihn whole c
lis Smit, Vog. Cook, 1st Vc
juiculata Molitui, Saggio std Star. Nat. del Chili, 199.
Gmel. Syst. Nal. edit. 13. p. 31S0.; Turton, Sgst. Nat. iv.
:Boik, Baffon, de Deterv. t. 47. t. 1, ; Leach, Tuches'i
' Cimgo, 411. nots.

tingujcul^ Montfort, Buff, de Soaniti. MaU. ili. 99,

O'nngniculutB Blainv. Did. Sc. Nat. xxyii. 140. 1823, Joum.
7fiS». scy'ii. 128.; Ferau. D'Orb. Tab. Mm. Cfph. 61.,
btn. del He, Nat. iv.

Buthia Molina; LicMeail. Zm, 1818, p. \592. n. 2.
tutUs MolinsG D'Orb. Moil. Viv. et Fos. i. 402.
■cific Ocean. A sessile arm in Miu. Cul. Surg, London.

•'• Fosait Speciei.

snbfluglttttU Mantter, Tatchenb. 1836, 382. 1838, t. 375^

■ag. Petref. 107. t. 10. f. 3.

XbOploteulhis BubaapttKta D'Orb. Paletml. unic, t 19., Pi ^ianL
'ymg. t. 13., MoU. Vie. el Fos. i. 39a.
', Upper Oxford. Lithographiu atone.

2. ANCISTROCHEIRUS.

Bo^ mbcjlindricol. Fins occup^'ing nearly the whole length of
the laAes of the back. — Sessile arma very large, long, rounded
estemally; hooks in two Indietioct altemate lines; no cnpg.
Tentacalar arms long, moderate; books elongated, — Shell nar-
row, lanceolate, central groove very broad, slightly convex,
gradually produced at the end.

Enoplotenthis ep. D'Orb. Ceph. AcH. 1839, MoU. Viv.elFoM. 408.

Ooychoteuthis ap. D'Orb. Ceph. Acet. 1835,

I. Ahcistkocheibcs LeSoeceq.

Bod; elongate'], acuminate, produced, with regiikrly dispc

berdea underneath. Fins tria-ngular Arms elongate.

narrow, lonceolate ; cends! groove very broad, shallow,

Oarchotealhis LeSaenrii F'hTtit. &■ D'Orb. Cipli. AcU. Omjc^.'v

^ it.Cl-A aaiinal, lasS.

lisposefflH^I

8P CATAI:OGItE C

Enoplotenthia LeSueurii B'Orb. ^ Ferusa. Ceph. AcU, OucL t"
14. f. 4—10. defaik, 1839 ; D'Orh. Pal6<mt. univ. t. IT. 1 10,
Paleont. ilrang. t. 14. f. 10„ MuU. Viv. et Fot. L 402. t. 27.
f. 10.

Hidi. Indiitn Ocean.

3. ABRALIA.

Body smooth above, granular beneath, with scattered larger ti-
bercles. — Head granular. — Seaaile arms elongate, with i ' ''
series of alternating hooks at the base, and a double
hemispherical cups ut the tip. Tentacular arms long, aleadai
club distinct, itith a few long acute hooka alternating wift X
series of cups, and with two rows of cups only at the tip. — SUi
lanceolate, sinuous at the edge near the tip; central "
narrow, keeled, and produced above.

Enoploteuthis sp. D'Orb. Ceph. Acet. 1839, Moll. Viv. et Fos.«&

Onjcholeuthis sp. D'Orb. Ceph. AcU. 1835.

1. Abbalii abmata.
Body elongate, smooth above, minutely tuberculated undemcilkl

the larger tubercles regularly disposed. Fins triangular, '~'
gether very broadly lanceolate, terminal. Sessile arms slem .
the third and fourth pairs with two marginal series of smiUtt
bercles ; second, third, and fourth pairs crested externally. Ta
tacnlar arms slender, basal group of three or four cups; hut
four, long, acute. Shell lanceolate, sinuated at the sides neir i

Onychoteuthis armata Qaoy ^ l?Bim. Voy. Agt. Zool. ii. 84. t &.

14—22. 1833 ; Cut. Reg. Animal, lUiat. t. 2.
Enoploteuthis armata D'Orb. Ceph. Acfl. Onychol. t. 9.f.2.S,l

14. f. 11—14. details, 1839, Pal&int. tmio, t. 17. f. 11, »

Paleonl. ilrtaig. t. 14. f. 11, 12t Mali. Viv. el Fos. i. 404. tS

f. 11, 12.
Hah. Indian Ocean, Moluccas.

2. Abbalu MoBisii.
Body couical, smooth, not enlarged behind. Fins very Iwgt, »

cunving two thirds of the length, triangular, together r!iM ^
boidaJ, strongly nicked in front. Head large, sessile. SW ^
lanceolate, broad, somewhat sinuated on the sides. Anna V
equal, the lower ones longest.
Snoploteuthia Morisii D'Orb. MoU. Vin. et Fw. vViiVv

ONTrcsoTEUTimjJG : ocsoponoTKnTius,

ihoteuthU Morisii Veraay, Mem. del Acad. Torino, t
S37).

3i Atlantic Ocean.

JSm&A

4. OCTOPODOTEUTmS.

i

f corneal, taperine beliind. Ejea naked? Skin round tlie
ei contractile P Fins lai^e, rounded on the hinder part uf the
icfc, eeparated by a not<!h in front, united behind. Mantle
itb two oblong ridges inside, and with two grooves on ihe base
'the siphuncle, &ee on the back, nith central ridge fitting into
cervical groove. — Sesale amu e jlindrical, curled at the end ;
itli a double series of small, nearly sessile, subcylindrical cups,
■med with short curved hooks. Tentacular arms verj short;
ub «nflU. — Siphimcle conical, with two medial superior bands.
- SheB cartilaginous, very slender, as long as the back.
C^teuthis Miippeli if Kroka in Giorn. del Gahiitetto di Meisina,
svL 1844, 6.

opodoteiithis BuppeU, MS. 1845; Chvy, Proc. Z. Soc. 1847,
Ofi. n. 795.
ttua.Krohn,E7ic}uon,Arch. 1847; Veran!/, Cepiu^. ex SicSia, t.i,

1. OCTOPODOTKDTHIS SlCDLA.

■He arms rounded externally ; the third pair rather the
tPongest. Fins rounded, about three fourths the length of the
lody, wider than the length of the body, continued over the
•ck, with an acute notch behind, a rounded one above.
opotfluthis Sicula RiippeU Sf Krohn, in Oiom. del OabineUo
i Metaiim. xxvi. 1B44, 6.

ania Sicula &oftB, Erickion, Arch. 1847, t. . f. .; Verang,
^tpial. ex Sicilia, t. 1. f 4.
'. Sicily.
a, Sicily. In spirits. From Dr. Edward RiippeU'

5. ACANTHOTEU'nnS.

^olle^l

sil. jlnimui elongate, cylindrical. Fins terminal, short, a..

-Arm* ten, rather unequal, with two lines of hooks. — SheB in
anwl, horny, elongate, tapering, broad above, pointed behind,
'ithout any tenninaJ appeniUx, and with a centtni \wn^\lM.SmiA
Mongradrndly beconuag wider and lew enideiA ^b«n<e.

P CBPHAtOPODA.

Kalieno Muntter^ 1S3G, Dot Mnnater, 1S4S ; I)' Orb. Paleon. Fraa^- '
1842, MoU. Vir. et Fas. i. 162. [

Acanthoteuthia Woguer, 1839 ; D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Fo3. L WT,]
1847, Desk, in Lamck. Hist, xl 238. i^M

1, AcAnTHOTECTUIB PBISCA.

BoAj elongate, subcylindrics]. Fins terminal, angled. Shell ib-

pressed, three-keeled, conical.
Loligo priscus RSppeH, AhbiliL uad Besck. 8. t. 3. f. 1. 1829,
Onychoteuthis anguata Muntter, Lehrb. 404. 458. 1630, 250-

630. 1836, 252. 1837.
Kelteno apinosa Munster, MS. 1836.
Keteno Ferassacii Monster, MS. 1836.
Eel^no EOgittata Munster, MS. 1836.
Onjchoteuthis spinosa Munster, Lehrh. 252. 1837.
Onjchotenthis Feraseaci Miatster, Lehrb. 252. 1837. '

Onjchoteuthis sagittata Munster, Lehrb. 252. 1837.
Onjehoteuthia auboTata MuiMer, Lehrb. 25'2. 1837-
Onjchoteutbis tricarinata Munster, Lehrb. 252, 1837,
Onychoteuthis lata Munster, MS.
Keteno specioaa D'Orb. Palamt. Fraag. L 140. n. 33. t. 23. f. 1-t

1842.
Acanthoteutbis Ferassacii Micailer, Beitrog. i. 104. t 10. 1 1

1839 ; Cieim. Le^on. Hem. S.N. 238. f. 761.
Acanthoteuthis Lichtensteinii Mutuler, i. 105. t. 10. f. 2, 1339.
Acantboteuthis speciosa Mungter, Beitr. i. 105. t. 9. 1839.
Aeanthoteuthis breria Munster, Beitr. t. t. 1. f. 3. 1842.
Acanthoteuthis prisca D'Orb. PalSont. univ. t. 19, 20, 21. 1S41

Paleont. itravg. t. 16, 17, 18., MoU. Viv. et Fois. i. 409. t ""
Fas. Upper Oxford Clay, Lithographic stone.

6. ONYCHOTEUTHIS.
Bodi/ elongate, subcjlindrical, smooth, acuruinated behind. Mantk
with an elongated, narrow, prominent, longitudinal ridge, fitdlg
into a similar groove on the base of the siphunclc- Fina m"
mind, very broad, together rhomboidal. — Head large, nil?
depressed, with three or eleven longitudinal ridges, and edffi
behind by a transverse ridge. Ejeslasg&iXMftisi.. "QMcaal
—fouie e.v tensile, seven-lobed, wittowl cu^. ' ■^ '■ -

OKTCHOTSOTHiDa; : oMrcHOTStjTnia. S3

pore on each side, between the third and fourth pairs of arroB.
buccol porea and an annl pore above the siphuncle. — Sessile
's angular ; third or fourth pair with a keel or fin ; eups in
two alternating lines; rings convex and toothless. Tentacalar
arms partly retractile, Btrong ; club enlarged, with a rounded
group of small aeaalle cupa at each end, aud two eeries of claw-
Bke hooks, the outer series largest. — >%)iAuN£2e very short, lodged
in a cavity, with two BuperiDrmuaculHT bands. — SArfi lanceolate,
pennate, aa long as the oack ; tip acute ; end produced, narrow ;
«dee dilated, thin, with a central longitudinal keel contracted
at the end,

Onychoteuthis (para) Licht. Berl. Acad. 1818; lais, 1819, 1591.
1820; BlaaiTi. Malac. 1B25; Dexk. in Lamek. Hilt, xi, 237,;
D'Ord. Afotf. Viv. el Fan. i. 386.

Sepia sp. Fabricitu, Faun. Oroetd. 359. ; Molini.

XdoUgo ap. Leaeh, Slainville, LeSuew, Aim. Sei. Philad.

Onykia ap. LeSuear, Ana. Sci. Phihd. ii. 99. 1821, ii. 296. 1822.

Oayckia Leii-on, Berthold, 1827?; Lotr. Fam. Nat. 18 20. not
Hubner, 1816, nor Walker, 1835. '

Ancistrochirus Leach, MS. Brit. Miu. 1817,

Onychotheuthis Ferussoe, Tab, Syst. 24. 1821.

1. Odtchotbcthib Bakkbii.
* Sody Tcry elongate, cylindrical, acuminate behind. Head with
eleven longitudinal amall prominent ridges. Fins rhomboidal.
Sessile arma conico-subulate, unequal ; in length, 2, 3, 4, I ;
oupa with a fleshy excrescence, compressed, pear-shaped. Ten-
tacular arms very extensile, apical, armed with a double series
of hooka ; the basal group consisting of about seven or eight
open and seven or eight not pierced caps, the apical group of
suiteen or seventeen cups all open ; hooks twenty to twenty*
two in two rows, those ol the outer row largest.
Xoliffo Banksii Leach, Zool. MiieeU. iii. 141. sp. 4. 1817 ; Tuckey't
pSy. to Congo, App. iv. 411. sp. 1.; Shtinv. Diet Se. Nat. xxv'u.
ISTt Joara. de Phyt. Ixxsvi. 125. ; Feruis. Hid. Class. 67.

R.8.

OneistrochiTUs Bankaii Leach, MS. B. Mm. 1817.
Anichoteuthia Banksii Femuac, Tab. Ceph. 61. 1825.
Onychoteuthis Bergii Lichtenst. Zool. Mua. ilea Univ. xa Berlin,

a. 1592. n. 4. t. 19. f a. 1818; Finai. D'Orb. Tab. Cipk.a.6.

o.G\.;D'Orh.Moll.de$ AntiUes,i.i&.T,.\^.;D'0rh.etFiru3s.

Chik. Ack. Onychoteathis, t. 5. f. 1—9. from Licht.
lA>ligo Bergii Btainv. Diet. Se. Nat. xxvii. 138. 1823, JoK

PAyi.Uxxvi. 126.; Firms. Diet. Ciasj.iii. 67.
Sepia hligo Fairicius, Fmiiu GroerH. 359.

I, t.l9. ; iffruM-ffOfi.

i. 126. 1823.
OnjMa angulata LeSuewr, Joum. Acad, I^ilad. a. 99. t 9. £3.

296. t. 178. on a figure, 1821.
Loligo angulatus Fenas. Diet. CUua. iii. 67. 1823.
Onychoteiithia angulata Ffrats. Cipk. Acet. Onyeh. t. 1. liHi,
D'Orb. Tab. Ceph. 60. n. 2., V03. Amir. Merid. Mol 44|
Overin, lam. R^. Anija.
Loligo felina Slainv. Diet. So. Nat. xivii. 139. 1823, Jouni.il

Pkys. Lixsvi. 12s.
Ooychoteutliis felina Feruit. D'Orb. Tab. Cepb. 60. n. 4. 1825,
Onrllioteuthia Molina Leach, Berl. Trans. 1818, t. 4. copiedO.

Bergi Ferass. Ceph. Acit. Onyth. t. 5.
Loligo uncinatufl Qmy Sf Gaim. Voy. Uranie, Zaol. i, 410. t. fifi.f,

7. 1838.
Onjchoteuthis nndnala ferns*. D'Orb. Tab. Ceph. 60. n. 3. WSi.
Onychoteuthis Lesaonii Finm. D'Orb. Tab. Ceph. 61. n. 6. 183*

Lemon, Voy, de la Coq. t. 1. f. 3. from a drawiDg.
Onychoteuthis Fleurii Benaud, Lesson, Centurie Zool. 61. t IT.;

Feruss. Ceph. Acet. Onyth. t. 9.
Hab. Atlantic and lodian Oceans.

a. Africa. Small. In spirits. Presented by J.
Esq., Coneo Expedition.
L. Banksii ZeacA, 1817.
h. The eheil of a. dry.

AncietiocbirusBanksiiXeacA, ilf.^. 1817.

2. Obtohotbi'this B*stijngu.

Body elongate ; back with a central transparent line over the W
of the shell. Fina ]>ost«rior, rhombic, angnlar. Scasile arm
slender ; dorsal pair rounded externally, with a slight Sn on ll<
upper part ; the second, third, and foorth pwrs fijined
eide nearly the whole length. Tentacular arms w
hooks. Shell dark brown, lanceolate, pennate, with a ^uvt
central keel above and ridge beneath, thin.

O. Bergii Lieht. f Feruss. Ceph. Aeit. Onylk. t. 7.

Loligo Bartlingii LeSuear, Jour. Acad. Phil. 95. t. cop. Finil-
Cioh. Acet. t. 3.

Onjtliotentbis Bartlingii Ftrusi. Ceph. Acit. Onyth. t. 3.

Onythoteuthis Banksii (pars) D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Fos. \. 38C, I

26. f. 1. 7. from Fervss. Ciph. AeH. t 7.
Oojtboteuthis LeSueurii Ferass. Ceph. Acy. t. 4. from LeSn*

■I i

^^^^P ONTCHDTBUTHISX : ANCISTBOTEUTinS. 55

'flafi. Indian Ocean.

a. Borneo. ? In spirits. Half-grown. Presented bj Capt.

Sir Edward Beltber, C.B. il.N.

b. SheU of a.

c. New Zealand. In apirita. Adult. Presented by A. Sin-

clair, M.D. K.N.

d. SheUofc.

7. ANCISTROTEUTmS.
£ods Bmootb. — Tentacular arms with a round group of amall cups
with rings at the base and apex of the club ; and with two
alternating aeries of Looks ; the upper series the largest. — S/iett
horn;, linear, very narrow, gradually widening to the Iront
or upper end ; sidca thickened on the edge ; apex conical, long,
and obliquely produced, homy. — Otherwise like OnycAolealAu.

* Body smooth.

1. AnCISTBOTECTBIS LlCHTENSTEinil.

Head large, with eight longitudinal ridges. Body elongate, nar-
rowed posteriorly, produced. Kins triangular, together rhora-
boidal. Sessile arms subulate, unequal \ in length, 4, 3, 2, 1 ;
cups Tery much crowded ; rings witb entire edges ; dorsal pair
rounded behind; second pair slightly ; third pair broadly webbed
in the middle, externally; fourlli pair nebbed externally at
the base. Tentacular aruis ; the basal group of cups twenty-
one, about half closed ; the apical group sixteen or seventeen,
all open, and with rings ; hooks twenty-two. Shell depressed,
narrowed, transparent ; apex longly produced, solid, cartilagi-
nous, compressed.
Onychoteuthis Bellonii Fh-wia. *- D'Orlt. Ceph. Ack. 1835.
Onrchoteuthis Lichtensteinii Fenas. MS. 1834 ; Fhntas. et D' Orb.
Ciph. AcH. Onych. t. 8. anira., t. 14, f. 1—3. shell, 1839; D' Orb.
MoU. Via. et Fo>. I 391. t. 26. f. 8—12. ^H

tab. The Mediterranean, near Nice. ^^H

a. Mediterranean, Messina. In spirits. Adult. ^^^|

6. ThesheUofQ. ^M

I c. Mediterranean. In spirits. Adult. Presented by P.B.

Webb, Esq.

I 2. AnciBTBOTEnTHis Krohnii.

Tentacular arms short ; club with a series of books on one, and of
tmall cups on the other, margin. Shell linear, narrow at the
base, margined on the eAge, rather wide? abm^ 'Ooo. w^ij^-,
r witb a corneal produced tip.

Onychotenthia Krohnii Verany, Ceph. ex SieUia, t. 1. f. 8.
Hab. SicUj.

*■ Body shagreened.

3, AsCIStBOTEDTHia DuSBUMI£ItI.

Body elongate, Eubcjlindrical ; very finely shagreened with Terj
crowdeil, amall, acute tuberties. Fina abort, together rhom-
boidal. Sesaile arma unequol ; in length, 2, 4, 3, 1 ; with i
longitudinal groove. Tentacnlar Brme very slender, withoU
any club, with thirty hooks in two Beriee ; rings of cups obliqu,
entire. Shell narrow; the apci with a very long conical TO}
acute soti<l borny tip.

Onychoteuthia Dusaumieri D'Orh. MoU. Viv. et Pot,
B'Orb. el Fertas. Ceph. Acel. Onyoh. t 13. 1S39.

ffab. Indian Ocean, 200 miles north of Mauritius.

8. ONYCHIA.

Body red, spotted. — Tentaeular arms scarcely enlarged at the eni
with two longitudinal series of claw-tike hooks in the centre ft
the club, and a row of pediceled cupa on each aide furnished irill
homy ringa. — Shells lanceolate, pennate, dilated above ud
narrow in front, with a central ridge. — Otherwise like Onyeha-
tevihig.

Onykia LeSueur, Jour. Acad. N. S. PhUad. i. 98. 1821, ii. m
182!i.

Onychiaiofr. Fam. Nat. 1S25 ; BerthoU, 1827 ; Gray, Proc. ZoA
Soc. 1847.

Onychoteuthia sect. ii. B'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Fos. i.

Onychoteuthia ap. Firussao, 'JW. Si/st. 28. 1821; D'Orb. et Fhvt.
Ciph. AcH. 1839.

Sepiola sp. LeSiauT, I. c.

Cranchia Peroa.

Cranchia sp. Ferassac, Did. Class. H. N. v.

Loligo sp. Piroa.

Sepia sp. Ohen.

Sepiola sp. LeSuevr.

' Fimi terminal, very short. Cups snbefpml.
1. Ohtchli Cabdiopteba.
Body large, oblong, narrowed, and prolonged behind, vari^ltld
with red spots; fins round, terminal, together subrhomboidll-
Sesaile arms unequal ; in length, 3, 2, 4, 1 ; cups in two ilWr
nntiag Viaes. Tentacular arma lon^, acmcdij etdorged at fli
end iSlieU pennate, tatliex farowlL, »dea lOML-oie^

SI

ligo Cardiopterft Piroti, Vog. AlMi, t. 60. f. 5. 1804; Blaiiw.
Joam. de Fkys. 123., Diet, des Sc. Nat. xirii. 135.
^nola Cardioptera LeSueur, Joam. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. ii.
100. 1821.

ichia Cardioptera i^^mu. IJiW. Class. A&u, t.S. 1823; n'Orb.
Tab. MUh. Cepk. 58. ; Fenuis. et D'Orb. Ciph. Acet. Crmichie,
-. 1. f. 2, 3. eop. Peron; D'Orb, Voy. Am. M6rid. MoO. 34.

m Cardioptera OAen, Xehrb. dst Zool. 343. n. 5.

jroholeuthia Cardioptera D'Ori. MoU. <iei AnHlleg, i. 53. n. 13.

'838, MoU. Viv. et Fos. L 389.

lia Caribaa LeSuevr, Joam, Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. ii. 98. t. 9.

1, 2. 1821.

bligo Caribffia Blaine. Did. Sc. Nal. nxiii. 13S. 1823, Joum. de
~ '». btxKvi. 127.; Fh^s. Diet. Clast. iii. 67. Athi, f. 4.

loteuthia CaribtEa Feriiss. Ciph. Acit. Onyth. t. 5. f. 4. 7,
a LeSueur; D'Orb. Tab. dei Cepk. 60^ Moll, dei AiitiUri.
I 67. n. 14.

DTchotentliia LeacUi Fcrvss. Ciph. Acit. Onyck. t. 10. £1.4.,
ihell represented as expanded at cocli end. ^^^h

, Atlantic Ocean. ^^^^|

** Pint dor*(d. Cups of lateral Armi unequal. ^^^H

2. OSTCHIA PLATTPTERA.

J cjlindrical, smooth ; fins olongalc, triangular, together
irrow lo£eng@-shaped. Sessile arms long, unequal ; in lengtb,
3.4,2,1; cupa very nnequal, especiallj of the lateral arms.
'Tentacular arms short, not enlarged at the end ; basal group iif
twenty-two cups half open, rest closed; hooka twelve. Stell
broad, lanceolate ; apex with a conical, horny, compressed appen-
"^" at the tip,

itjptera VOrb. Voy. Am. Mh^. MoU. 41. t. 3. f. 8. 11.
" '' ' ■ Fh^ita. Cepk. AciL Om/ch. 1. 10. f. 8-10. 1. 14.
D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Foi. i. 393. t. 20. f. 13.
D'Orb. Voy. Am. Mfr. 39. t. 3. f. 5-7. oop.
D'Orb. Ceph. AcSL Onythoteathis, t. 10. f. ft ~
Bab. Coast uf Chili. Indian Ocean.

^8ra ; Ferusj. et D'Orb. Ceph. AceL Onytkiitevikis, t. 10. t. ft^^H

C. Cvpt of tentacular and testile Arms with harm/ Rii^t.

9. OMMASTRErilES.

Beadtbort, cylindrical, rather depressed, rather narrowed behind

dw eyes, and there very prominent longitudinal ridgee on the

nape. Eyes very lar;je, JateraJ, naked, with an o\aifeiHfiT'Ml(i^ea-

ii^ and a Jar^ laar/taal siaua. Bucual meoibisne'^ra^ %i.Vfti«;r

ble, sfiTen-IobBd, -without cups. — Body elongate, cylindrical, twj
long, acuminated behind, truncated, square in front. Cartikgo
on base of siphiincle, contracted below and with a tubercle
oa each sidu, on ioaide of mantle enlarged, thick, and will
transrerso rib below. Fins poaterior, termiral, very broid,
tog^her forming a transverse rhomboid. Aquiferous pores be-
tween the third and fourth pairs of arma ; four buccal pores, cat
□ each aide of the base of the first pair, and one on each side

r the siphuncle, outside of the external band. — Sesalt
arms conical, subulate, upper and lower quadrangular, the othen
triaogular, compressed, unequal; in the following order, 3,1
1 , i; cups very oblique, fleshy, distinct ; rings oUiqnc,
toothed. Tentacular arms not retractile, short, atrong, tlu^
with a slight longitudinal ridge, scarcely enlarged at tie eiA
webbed at the tip ; cups oblique, fleshy, m four alternate linen
two middle Eeries large, two lateral small, with a rounded bnl
and apical group of small aesaile cups. — Siphuncle lodged in i
cavity, short, broad, with Buperior medial bands, and an int^mil
valve above-— SAeW homy, flexible, as long as the body, narrow,
grailually wider above, with a central and two marginal ribii
apex with a hollow conical cavity, without any septa.

Living in the high seas in large troops, nocturnal ; the fix>d of
Cetacea and pelagic bu-ds.

Calamar flesches Blaim. Dkt Sd. Nat. 1823.

Cycria Leach, MS. 1817.

OmmastreiAes D'Orb. Moll. Viv. et Fo$. i. 412. 1843 ; D«ri.
Lamek. But. li. 239 ; Gray, Proe. Z. Soc. 1847, 206,

f Peroteuthis Ehretib.

Loligo sp. Lamck., RSppeU,

Sepia sp. Linn,

Onychoteuthis sp. Mimster.

§ Body opaque, Jleshj, semoolh above and below. Cupt of *WII

Anas egwU, moderate.
' Second and third Pairs of sesiile Arms iBithtmt any vunir
nacemis Fringe on the inner Edge of the veniral Siifc, but ed)
a Series of small corneal Tidierdes.
t The tentaeidar Arms wilh eight Rom of numerous small Cv^ *
Mb -End near the Tip.
1. Omhastbepbes

I XantacnlftT arms elongate, compressEd; clab acarcdj enlaiged,

covered only with cups, the lower ones ia two seriea, the central

in four; litrge of central scarcely oblique, the small lateral ooea

Te^ oblique; upper port with a multitude of small cups ia

eaght rows. Shell nurow, elongate ; lateral ribs largest ; apk-at

cone large.
I^ia loligo Litm. Sysl. Nat. edit. 1 2. 1093. n. 4. 1767 ; Gmel. Sifit.

Vaf. edit. 13. 3150. ; Bng. Ena. Milh. t. 77. f. 12.
icnnft media Barbut, Qen. Venn. 75. t. 8. f. 3. 178B.
^Oligo sagittata var ^. Lamck. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 13. 1799,

Anim. ». Vert. y'a. 665.,- Blimw. Faun. Fraiu;. 15.; Payraa-

demi. Cat. Mali. Corse, 173. n. 353.; Buto, BUt Nat. iv. 6. d.

6. ; GHerin, lean. Rig. Anim. t. 1. f. 5. ; Pkilippi, Etiam. MaU.

Sic. 241. n. 2, ; Canlraiw, Nouv. Mim. Aead. Brux. xiii. 15.

n. 1.

dmar harper Montfort, Buff, de Sonnia. ii. 65. t. 14. 1S05.

idwo illecebroaa ZeSueur, Journ. Acad. Philad. ii. 95. 1821?

£A»in>. Did Sc. Nat. ixvii. 142., Jmra. de Phys. 1823, p. 130.;

Fimti. D'Orb. Tab. des Cepk. 63. n. 5., Ceph. Acit. Ldign, t.

f. from LeSueur.

eEgo harpago Fenaa. Diet. Ctaia. iii. 67. u. 3. 1823.
n&a Brongniartii Blaine. Did. Sc. Nat. xxvii. 142. 1623,

Jmim. de P%«. 1823, p. 130.; Fenui. D'Orb. Tab. des Ciph.

63., Ceph. Acet. t. 4. 1823.
jdligo piacatoruro La Pijlaie, Ann. Sc. Nat. Iv. 319. 1825 ; Firiui.

jfOrb. Tab. Metk. Ciph. 63. n, «., Ciph. AcH. Zoligo, t. 5.
!.oligo Coindetii Verany, Mem. Acad. Sc. Torino, t. 1. f. 4. 1837.
Sminastrepties sagittatua D'Orb. if Fenut. Ommaatrephes, t. 1. f.

' 10. rings, kc. 1839; D'Orb. PalimU. univ. t. 22. f. 12—16.,
'ami. Strang, t. 19. f. 12~1«., Moll. Viv, et Fas. i. 418. t.
f. 12—16.

the codfieher/.

tf Teittaadar Arms inith Cups in four Rows, those in the CeM
the middle Part rather larger.

2. OUHABTBGPHES JGdUIPODA.

.Bodj' elongate, rather tapering behind. Fins rhombic, one third

I the length of the body. Tentncukr urms shorl, naked half

their length; club compressed, winged esteroollv, with four

aeries of regularly disposed cups, those of the sides and end

equal-sized, the twentieth or twenty-second m\lieV«tt <m.W.\*\,

—_^gfis^gfflfemddle part Joiner.

60 CATALOGim 07 CSPflALOPQDA.

Loligo ftqaipoda RilppeU^ Giom. del GabhL di MesnHOj xxn.
1844.

Hab, Sicily.

a, Sicily, Messina. In spirits. From Dr. E. BiippdTs

CoUection.

fff Tentactdar Arms wUh two Series of email Cvp$ at Ae Top,

3. Ommastbephes todabus.

Body short, thick, nearly cylindrical, spotted with red. Fins lilf
the length of the body, broad, together rhomboidaL Sesde
arms unequal ; rings of cu{)8 with seven distant Terr obliqie
cutting teeth on the higher side. Tentacular arms robust, wA
cups nearly to the base ; scarcely clubbed ; cups at the base in two
series, in the middle in four series, middle ones larger, with the
rings with twenty acute teeth all round ; at the top in two seriei
of minute cups.

Sepia loligo Linn, Syst, Nat, edit. xii. 1095. n. 4. 1767; GmA.

Syst. Nat. edit. 13. 3150. n. 4. ; Shaw, Nat, MisceU, t. 363.
Loligo sagittata var. a, Lamck. Mem, Sac. Hist. Nat. Paris, 13.

1799 ; Hist. An. s. Vert, vii. 663. ; Firuss, Diet. Class, iii. 67.

n. 2. ; Cams, Icon. Sep, Nov. Acet. Phys. Med. xii. 318. t. 30.;

Payraudeau, Cat, desc. Moll. Corse, n. 352.
Calmar fleche Montfort, Buff, de Sonnin. Moll. ii. 56. 1805.
Calmar du Bresil Montfort, Buff, de Sonnin. MoU, ii. 6Q, 1805.
Loligo todarus Rajinesque, Prec. Decouv. Som. 1814; Fenut

Ceph. Acet. Loligo, t. 1.
Loligo Brasiliensis Feruss. Diet. Class, iii. 67. n. 3. 1823.
Loligo maxima Blainv, Diet. Sc. Nat. xxvii. 140. 1823, Joum, de

Phys. 1823, 129.
Ommastrephes todarus D^Orb. Ceph. Acet, Ommastrephes, t 2.

f. 4—10. 1839, Paleont. univ. t. 22. f. 3. 11. t. 23. f. 5, ^

Paleont. etrang. t. 19. f. 3—11. t. 20. f. 5, 6 , MoU, Viv, et Foi.

i. 423. t. 29. f. 3—11. t. 30. f. 5, 6.

Hab. Mediterranean.

** The third Pair of sessile Arms ivith a narrow fleshy Fin supported
by cross Ribs on the inner Edge of the ventral Side ; second
without Rudiments of Points on the Edge.

4. Ommastrephes giganteus.

Bodjr elongate, cylindrical superiorly, violet-coloured. Fins broad
occupying half the length, mcked in feowX, \»«<ei\)Mjc \x«aD&^ene

r

TiX^^^

rhomboidal, acute. Seaaile arms, cupa oblique, equal-sized ;
ringa with at^ute teeth on the higher side, and smooth on the
lower one. Te!itai;ular arms naked one third their len^ ;
cups in two aeriea, then in four ; the eighteenth or twentieth
central cup of the upper part very large, lateral one very small,
iongly peduncled and very ohlique, the tip compreaaed, with
a narrow triangular patch of a few small cups iu three or four

the base, and two aeriea at the end,
irmetfi, Hut. Voy. awt Malouiii«i, ii. 76. ? 1770,
INa tonicata Motijta, Hist. Nat. du Chili, 173. ? 1789 ; Omelin,
Sy«(. iVa(. edit. l&. SlSl.sp. 8. ?;SAaji>, Nat. MS. s.iY.t.Si6.?
&om IMontfurt, Sonuini.

M» nigra Sosc, Hist. Nat. dea Vers, i. 47. P 1802.
Inur reticule MojOfort, Bitff. de Somiin. MoR. ii. 96. t. 21. '
BinaBtxepbes gigas D'Orb. Voy. Am. Mirid. MM. 50.

^ .jtpephea giganteus D'Orb, Ceph. Acit. t. 1. f. II — 13.
1839, Pid&int. univ. t. 23. f. 1—4., Fal&emt. trang. t.
-4,, Moll. Vie. el Fos. i. 425. t. 30. f. 1—4.
a. Valparaiso. Young ? In spiritB. Mr. Bridges'!

lection.
6. Shell of a.

3. Ommastbefhes Sloanii. ^^

pdy cjliodrical, rather tapering behind. Fin rhombic, rather more
tluii one third the length of the body, SesBile arms compressed ;
cups equal, oblique, in two rows ; ringa blacl:, higher Eide with
regular acute teeth, lower smooth ; third pair acutely finocd,
with a narrow rayed membrane on the inner edge of the ventral
vde. Tentacular arms slightly keeled externally, base half-
naked; cupa of lovrer part small, in two rows, of middle four
rows i the seventh pair of the central seriea lai^eat ; rings
with distant teeth all round ; of the lateral series small, longly
peduncled, and very oblique; of the apical portion small, in

>T four n

s, the sm^cs

three
lii(. Indian Ocean.

a. New Zealand, Waitemata. Small. In spirita. Prese

by A. Sinclair, M.D.
6.P Var.f In spirila, adult. Mus. Sloone. Fin nearly

the length of the body.
Cjcria Leach, MS. 1817.
«.? 1^)^ of i. broken, dry; taken out ^ Di, \i«u£^

62 CATALOGUB OF CEPHALOPODA.

*** The second and third Pairs of sessile Arms with a broad

branaceous Fin on the inner Edge of the ventral Side (proton {
trice de cupule, D'Orb.), supported by radiating fleshy Bam
arising from the Base of the Cups, Cups in two da6sd\
Bows ; ventral Part of the Mantle free from the Head.

6. OMlfASTIUBPH£S BaSTBABOI.

Body elongate, cylindrical, acuminate posteriorly, truncated
teriorly, lon^tudinallj adorned above with a yiolet asone. Yif
dilated, rhomboidal, acutely angled. Head short Shell
elongated.

Comet Pemetiiy Hist, Voy. aux Bes Malouines, iL 76. t. 11. £

1770.
Loligo Bartramii LeSueur^ Joum, Acad. Philad. iL 90. t. 7. 1811]

Feruss. Diet. Class, iii. 67. n. 12. ; Bkdnv. Diet. Sc. Nat

141., Joum. de Phys. 1823, 129. ; Feruss. UOrb. Tfll.

Ceph. 63., C^ph. Acet. Loligo^ t. 2. cop. LeSueur.
Loligo sagittatus Blainv, Diet Sd. Nat. xxvii. 140. 1823, Ja

de Phys. 1823, p. 128.
Loligo vitreus Bang, Mag. de Zool. 71. t. 36. 1837.
Ommastrephes Bartramii DOrb. Voy. Am. Merid. Moll. 55. ISM^-j

MoU. des Antilles^ i. 59. n. 15., Ceph. Acet. Ommastr. t 3. ^

11—20. rings, Paleont. univ. t. 22. f. 1, 2. t. 23. f. 7, 8., PaUiMk

etrang. t. 19. f. 1, 2. t. 20. f. 7, 8., MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 420. U

29. f. 1, 2, t. 30. f. 7, 8.
Cycria sepiostem Leach, MS. 1817.
Ommastrephes cylindricus D'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. Moll. 54 1 1;

f. 3, 4. 1835.

Hob. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean.

a. In spirits. ?

b, c, d, e. Cape of Good j.Hope. Li spirits. Presented )if

Andrew Smith, M.D.
/. ? • In spirits, bleached. Mus. Leach. Th*

suckers in an alternating series ?

Cycria sepiosteon Leach, MS. 1817.
g, h. ? In spirits. Voyage, Erebus and Terror.

Presented by Capt. Sir James Boss, C. B. R. N.

. t. ? in spirits. Mus. Leach.

y. ? In spirits. Mr. Bartlett*s Collection.

k. ? In spirits. Presented by the Earl rf

Derby.

' 7^e aecond and third I^rs of sessile Arms with a broad oism-
broBacemig Fin on the iimtT Edge of the vetUral Side, fup-
porled by radiafyig fleshy Rays. Cups compressed, so as lo
be in a single Series ; ventral Pari of the Mantle ficed lo lh« .

7. OuU&STKEPEES Ot'AIAMENElg. H

"dy elongatwi, cylindrieal, Finnie termina!, broad, tronaTerse.
Arms short, uDequB],fumishedwith one row of eupB. Shell elon-
gate narrow.

nmnstrephea oualiensia D'Orb. Moll. Viv. et Fat. i. 427.
ligo ouBlaniensis Lesioa, Voy. de CoquiUe., Zool. 240. t. 1. f, 2.
18S0 ; Feruss. Ciph. Acet. t. 3.

ligo Ysnicoriensia Qaoy Sf Gaim. Voy. Ast. Moll. ii. 79. t 6. {.
I, 2. 1633.

Iigo breriLeotacuIata Quoy ^ Gaim. 1. c. 81. 1S33.
amnalrephea oceanicus D'Orb. Ceph. Acet Calmars, t. 21. Oin-
mastrcphes, t. 1. f, 14—16., rings, 1839.
tb. Throughout the Indian Ocean.

a. ■ In apirits. Mus. Leach.

b. ? Cape of Good Hope. In apirits, not in a good atate.

Presented by the Earl of Derby.

c. South Sea. In spirits, bad ata^te. Presented by A. Menzies,

Vaneouver'a Voyage.

Body IranspareTii, lubercnlar beneath. One or two Cups on the
tecond Pair of sessile Arms larger. — Hyaloteuthia.

8. OmMASTEBPHES PELiGICCB.

dy elongate, subeylindrical, smooth above, with scattered opaque
tuberclea, in ei^ht croas lines beneath. Fins about a quarter
ibe length of Ute body, very thin, nicked in front, together
transrerse, rhomboidal, with rounded angloa. Sessile arms tri-
ingulur; cups in tvro alternate lines, lonalj peduncled. Ten-
tacular arms very slender, scarcely clubbed, with a series of
peduncled cups. Diaphanous white, red-spotted. Shell very
ihiD, very slender, without any riba, with a small terminal cone.
pelagicft Bosc, Buff, de D&erv. Hist. Nat. Vers, i. 46. t. 1, f.
2. 1602.
Liaar pelagica Montforl. Buff, de Somin. Moll. ii. 86. 1. 19. 180S.
'■ pelogicus Fenus. Diet. Class, iii. 67. n. 7. 1823 ; D'Orb.
C^id. 63. u. 7, C^h. AceL 1. 16. £. \, a.

r=

64 CATALOGUB OF CXPHAIrOFODA.

Ommastrephes pelagicus D'Orb. Ceph, Acit. Omma8trepheSft.h
f. 17, 18. animal, 1839, Moll, Viv. et Fos. L 422.

Hab. Atlantic Ocean.

a, St. Lucia. In spirits, not good state. Presented hj Wm
B. Alexander.

3 § Doubtful recent Species,

9. Ommastrephes laticeps.

Body subgelatinous, bluish white, red, and brown, spotted,
elongate, ending in an acute point. Sessile arms equaL
tacular arms with small cups. Fins thin, rounded, termiiuL-
A young animal.

Ommastrephes laticeps D'Orb. MoR, Viv, et Fos. i, 428.

Loligo laticeps Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. t. 21. f. 6 — 10. 18S6L]

Cranchia pellucida Ear^^ Mag. de Zool. 67. t. 94. (1837).

Hab. Atlantic Ocean, near equator.

10. Obcmastbephes ababicus.

Body round, gradually attenuating into an obtuse round taiL
rhomboidal, includmg half the body and the tail. Sessile
with two rows of equal cups. Club of tentacular arms with
rows of cups, three middle rows largest; rings toothed. SheB
narrow, cartilaginous.

Pteroteuthis arabica Ehrenberg^ Symbolce Physicce, 1831.
Onmiastrephes arabicus D'Orb. Moll. Viv. et Fos, i. 428. n. 12.

Hab. Bed Sed, volcanic island of Ketumbal.

11. Ommastrephes Meneghinii.

Body ovate, conical, tapering behind. Fins posterior, half the
length of the body, together oblong, rounded on the sides.

Loligo Meneghinii Verany^ Ceph. ex SicUia, t. 2. f. 1.

Hab. Sicily. j

12. Ommastrephes Bianconh. >

Body ovate, tapering behind. Fins posterior, together triangulir,
acute behind, and rounded at the outer upper angles. Shdl
narrow, lanceolate, wider above, contracted, and ending in t
cone at the tip.

Loligo Bianconii Verany^ Ceph. ex Sicilia, t. 2. f. 3.

JSa^, Sicily,

le-

1

13. Ommastbefhes P EaUNj
go Eblante Boa, Proc.
Trt of the Brit. Assoc. 1:

353.

I described.
lab. Coast of Irelancl.

14. OWMASTBEPHES GRONOVn.

ftftcnlor arms lialf as long as the bodj.

ia Granoe. Zoophyt 244. n. 1028, 1781.

Igo Gronovii Fermsac, D'Orh. Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 352. 1843.

Toi. Indian Ocean.

4 § Fossil Species of Upper Oxford Clay.

15. Ommastbspiieb asgdstch.
D, elongate, depressed, with three ribs, dilated behind and before.
KShotcutliia angiista Mumter, Jtthrb. 1830, 404. 458. 1836, 2fi0.
&0. 1837, 252.

f. Lichtensteinii Munster., MS. 1837.
r.UgitUta Mmster, Jahrh. 1837, 252. not Lamck.
kBMtr«phes angustua D'Orb. Paleont. uni'ir. t. 23. f. 9. II. II
toil. Vin. et Foe. i. 415.
. Coralline layer of Upper Oiford, Solenhoffen.

Q elongate, conical above, convex, one-ribbed ; behind a

nceolRte.

rohoteuthis lutennedia Mua»ler, Lehrb. 1337, 252.

01. mtermediua D'Orh. Ciph. AcitiO. 1841, ~ "

tf.l^ MoU. Viv. et Fos. \ A\^.

■ Lithographic alate, SolenholTeQ.

17. OMMllSTBEPHEa COCBLEAEIB.

II one-ribbed, dilated before and behind, behind knceolate.
"choteuthiB eoehlearia Munster, Lehrb. 1S37, 252.

n. cochlenri.1 D'Orb. Cfph. Adu 40. 1841, Puliont. imiv. t. 24.
2., itfott. Viv. ei Fos. I- ill.
Lithographic ehttc, SolenhoSen.

18. OtItUSTBEPIIES MlTNETEKn.

U dilated, shorl^ spoonlike before, dilated, and \.«Qgi\.^TO5ii."3
ygtf ; bekiad dilated, Munt

Omm. Miinaterii D'Orb. Paleont. auiv. t. 24. f. 3. 1843, i

Viv.etFoa.l4l7.
Fos. Lilhograpklc slate, SolenhoSen,

» Intermediate between Ommastrephes and GeoteufAitt^^H
ti, Eyes covered wilh the Shin. ^^H

Fam. V. LOLIGID^. ^M

Body eubcjlindrical, oblong, rounded behind. Fins on the oA

the hinder part of the baulc
Head gubcylindrical. Eye without eyelid, covered hy the i

simple above. Buccal membrane uistinct, oflea funuekd

cupg. Ears with a tranaverse ridge.
Sessile arms with two rowa of cupa. Rings not convex exten

and provided with a narrow prominent edge on the midd

their width. Tentacular arms onl; partij contractile inU

Bubocular cavity.
Siphuncie attached to the head by a double anperior medial 1w
Shell internal, homy, lanceolate, peonate or spathulate, will

any air cella.
LoligidiE Grm/, Proe. Zool. Soe. 1847, 285. ^H

Loligidn (para) D'Orb. Moll. Viv. ei Fos. l 316. ^^|

Teuthidce 11. (pars) Ojoeu, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. 1836. ^^|

. Head eeparate from the Body. Mantle free all t\
pennate.

a, Shell as hag as Back. Fin pmtenor, dorsal, rhontu.
1. GotiATca. Cups of seaslle arms in four rows, Tenl*

orma with many rows of small cups, and a single hookcd

at the base. Shell pennate, edges thin.
S> LoLico. Cups of sessile arms in two rows ; lateral membl

with cups on angles. Sbeli pennate, edge thin.
8. Tecthis. Cups of seasile arms in two rows ; lateral memb

without cups. Shell pennate, edges thin.

b. SheU as long as Back. Fin occupying the Sides oftheBi
4. SspuytKvraie. Shell peiuiBAe,^)toa4 ■, c4^e soraeljmes t

i. Shell elongale, broad. Aaimai —

Teudopsis. Shell pennate, very broad below, r

Bblsmsosefu. Shell broad| central part dilated and pro-
duced in frODt, winged buhind.
SheU shorter than the Saek. Fin short, on the middle of the
Sides of the Bach.

Sead attached to the Bach of the Mantle by a broad cermeal
Band. Fin short, in the middU of the Sides of the Back. Shell
narrow, with a central and two marginal Ribs.
Sepiola. Cups of sessile arms nearly aesaile.
FtDENAS. Cupa of sessile arms very longly peduncled.

Head separate from the Body. Mande free all round. SheU

pernwie. ^

a. Pin posterior, darsal, rhombic. Shell as long as Bach. ■
1. GONATUS.
c^ cylindrical, acute behind. Pins poaterior, rhombic, connate
►^nil, separate in front, elongated, linear. Ventral part of
■lanlle witJi two interior marginal ridgea, tittiug into grooves on
he base of the siphuncle, and a dorsal ridge and groove. — Head
^lindrical ; buccal membrane rounded, not lolwd, without any
Upi. £jes large, covered with the skin, with a snudl trans-
■W^ntspot; no eyelid. — Sesaile arms curved, rounded exter-
■aQ^ ; cupa Bmall, conical, contracted at the top, nearlv uniform
tl me, in four aeries, all with small circular rings. Tentacular
kma cylindrical, flattened internally and granular on the edges ;
lab nnall, compressed, and £nnea at the tip, external ; with
Knges of small, nearly sessile, equol-si/ed cups (more numerous
car the base), and with a large sessile cup armed with a hook In
be middle of the lower part. — Siphmuie short, conical, without
Dperior central band, and no interior valve. — 5AeK horny, thin,
Inceolate, pennate, narrowed and extended in tront, which is
tightly margbed on the sides.
fcotheulis sp. Mailer, Moll. Gran, 3. 1842.
toiler descrilxM the Kntacular arins wilb c«^9 \o *iit ^lasa \

^^^e cue, bat each side of tbfi fla^tenai IKM^ w;^^*

68 CATALOGUE 07 CEPHALOPODA.

covered with minute scales, perhaps indicating cups, especially I
near the club ; and the outer series of the cups on the shartff |
arms are like the other, with circular rings and no hooks.

1. GONATUS AMCENA.

Bodj cylindrical, tapering and acute behind. Fins rhomhiC|iNt|
one tnird the length of the back.

Onjcoteuthis ? amoena MoUer^ Ind. MoU, Orcm, 1.

Hc^, Greenland.

a, (, c. Greenland. In spirits. From Dr. Moller's
tion.

2. LOLIGO.

Body smooth, elongate, subcylindrical, pointed behind,
in front. Fin on the hinder part of the sides of the back,
behind, and forming together a rhomb. Mantle with two
on the ventral side, fitting into two grooves on the base oT
siphuncle, and with a dorsal groove fitting in a loni ~
ridge on the nape. — Head subcylindrical, narrowed bei
eyes ; buccal membrane produced into angles ; angles '
with two series of small ringed cups. Eyes large, with a
lacrymal before the globe of the eye. Aquiferous openings,
on each side, between the third and fourth sessile arms, and
on the lips. — Sessile arms subulate, triangular, or compresf
third pair large, and keeled externally; cups oblique, in
alternate series, on a small foot ; rings generally toowed on m\
widest side ; the third and fourth arms shortly webbed, rest fiefr
Tentacular arms only partly retractile, cylin^ical, attached b^ft
band to the lower arms. Club lanceolate, finned externally, wiA
four or more rows of cups. — Siphuncle moderate, not sunk into
a hollow, fixed by two central superior bands, and with an ift*
temal valve. — Shell homy, internal, occupying the wbflll
length of the body, lanceolate, like a pen, narrow above, ani
wit£ a central, longitudinal, keeled ridge, forming gutter withiD*
— £Jggs in subcylindrical masses crowded together on sea weeds.
Rang, Mag. ZooL 1837, t. 47.

TtvBog and TtvOtg Aristoteles,
Sepia sp. Linn, Syst. Nat

Loiigo Plinitis, Belon, Rondeletius; Lamarck, Mem, Soc, ZT.iV. 1799.
Syst. An. s. Vert. 60. 1801 ; Leach, Jour. Phys. 1817 ; UM-
Moll Viv, et Fos. i. 333.
Calmars plumes ou Fteroteutbis, s^cl. T^. BlaxatnUe^ MdZou:. 18S5.
Teudopsw ap, Munster,

'heil very broad, pemuile. Side very coTivex; upper Pari tlender,

1. LOLIGO BBEVIS.

ly cjlindricalj obtnae posteriorly. Pinnto short, tranBTersely
ral. Shell dilated, oblong, pennate, central-keeled, carron in

Igo brevis Blaiav. Joum. de Phj/g. 1823, Diet, des Sc. Nat.

xvii. 145. ; Femas. D'Orb. Tab. des Cipk. 64. n. 10., Ciph.

\c&. t. 15—24. f. 14^19. rings ; D'Orb. Voy. Am.. MeHd.

foU 62., PtdioTU. Hsin. t. 11. f. 1., Palcoia. elrang. t. 9. f. 1.,

foK. Vh. et Fo». i. 343. t, 19. f. 1. shell

igo brevipinna LeSueur, Journ. Acad. Nat. Hill. PhUad. iii.

82. 1824; Femss. D'Orb. Tab. des Ceph. 64. n. 10., Cephal.

\eit. t 13. f. 4— 6. from LeSueur, BvUet. Univ. Sc. Nat. Iii.

S.

i. Brazil. Rio Janeiro.

2. Louco Haxdwickbi.

It oblong, rounded behind. Fina nearly two thirds the length
flhe body, rounded on the sides. Second pair of sessile arms
kther the lucgeat. Tentacular arms with numerous small cups,
rMi smaller ouea in four rows at the tip. Shell lanceolate, pen~
ate, Tery broad, with a narrow central ridge ; the anterior ex-
remity narrow, about one fourth the entire length. ^m

igo Hardwickei Orai/, Brit. Mus. 1B36. ■

&(, Indian Ocean. ^M

a. India. In spirits. Presented by General Hardwicke. ^

b. SbcUofu.dry_.^

c. India. In spirits. Small. Presented by General Hard-

jke L. brtvia, but fina longer ; differs from L. DuvaiteeUi, in the
being longer, and the shell broader, with a narrow stem.

SheU penaate, lanceolate. Sides convex ; upper Port vuderaie.

3. LOUOO MAGNA.

y oblong, subcylindrical, acuminated behind. Fins semirhom'
jidal, nearly two thirds the length of the sides. Sessile arms
mico-subuiate, with namerous rather lai^e cups, and smaller
lee at the end; cnps oblique; rings with an eccentric opcn-
g, with eleven or thirteen elongate blunt teeth on the broad
le, the rest smooth. Tentacular arms very lon^. Shelllau-
lolat^ pennate, traaslucid ; ot the males elongilc, aKuXftS o^
t jfaMM* faaiKto yid niiiei blunt.

It

Fot' ■■

Loligo major AldrovoTtd. de MoSBna, p. 67. 69, 70, 71. ISUlJ
Johnston, Hist. Kat. lib. i. cap. iii. p. 10. t 1. f. 4.; fl '
TTieat. mdv. omn. Aaim. lib. it. cap. iii. p. 8. t. 1. f. 4.

Sepia loligo Linn. Mm. Adalph. Fred. 94.1734, Syst.Nat.A'i. "Z
109S. n. 4. 1767, Gmel. Sy»t. Nat. edit. 13. 3150. n. 4.; M _
HUt.Nat.l'il.; Pennant, Brit. Zoal iv. S3, t. 27. n. 43.;Mh ',
Zaol. Dan. Prod. 2813.; Gronov. Zooph. 244. n. 1027, (U '
Hehet.x. 379. n. 489.; HerUt. Einleit. zar Ken. 79-n.ll
390. : Bote, Hist. Nat. des Veri, 46.

Loligo hiscale Barlose, Nat. Hist. Comv>aS, 261

Calmar conuuim Montforl, Buff, de Sanni-n. Moll. ii. 7. 180!.

Loligo vulgaris Lamck. Mim. de la Soc. <fHiat. Nat. de J
1799, p. 11., Syjf. An. i. Vert. 60. 1801, Hist. An. i. Fot'
667. ; Fenuiac, Did. Class, iii. 67. ; BltdBv. Did. det St. i
xxTU. 143., Jaunt, de Phys. ; Carta, Icon. Sep. Nov. Ad. fl
Med. Acad. Cces. Nat. Cw. xii, 319. t. 31. ; Femss. D'Ori. I
del Cepk. 63. n. 8.; Payravd. Cat. des MoU. de Corit, 1711
352. ; Rism, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mend. iv. 6. n. 7. ; Bbinv. ^
Franq. t. 3. f. . p. 13.; Philippi, Emm. MoU. S'c. 341.11.1
Bovchard, Cat. des MoU. de Boid. 71. n. 123. ; DrOrb. MA
Canaries, 23. a. 7., Paleont. vniv.U 10. f. 1—12. t. II. £1-
Paleont. &rang. t. 8. f. 1—12. t. 9. t. 2—4., MoU. Viv. et Si
33e.t.n.f.2—i.;D'Orb.etFerttss. Ciph. Acei. Calim%V\
long arms, not good, 9. 10. 22. f. 1.3. t. 23. f. 1—12.; PsH
Mich. Gall, des Moll, de Douai, i. S. n. 1. ; Cantraine, M
Nouu. Mim. Acad, de Brvx. xiii. IT. n. 3. ; Thompton't T
of Ike Brit. Assoc. 1844, p. a4S.

Loligo Baeittata Bouidich, Elem. of ConcM. t. 1. f. 2. 1622.

Loligo piSchra S?nmn. Diet, des Sc. Nat. xjtvii. 144. 1823
nasae, D'Orh. Tab. des Ciph. 63. ; Blainv. Faim. Frang. II, l]
young female, D'Orh.

Loligo Ran^i FhTas. Ceph. Ack. Calm. t. 19. f. 4—6, 1833,
bad drftwino;, D'Orh.

Loligo Berthelotii Verany, Mem. Acad. Torin. i. t. 6. (Jan.)
^ab. Atlantic and Mediterranean.

a. Isle of Man. In spirits. Kev. J. Henslow. Mob. hai

b. ? ? Mus. Sloane.

c. ? Half-grown. Inspirits.

d. Brighton. Half-grown. In epirita. J. G. Children, Eaf
e. ? Eggs in apirits. Rev. G. E. Snutli, Esq.

yi Base of head and jaws m atiitvW. ttaa^Jm^a,
■■■ Bate of head and ejea in BpViil». Tgitat.^. Tfafc. \ *rtiii

w

i. LOUGO P8ALII.

' elon^te, Bubconical, acuminMed posteriorly, Fina rhom-
Idal, tliiclE, occupying about three filuiB of the length, t<^ther
■nung & rhomb much rouoded □□ tbe sides, the front side rather
Mter than the hinder. Sessile arms long ; cups very obliqoc ;
kSs on one side very high, irith sik or seven teeth, cut square
ue end, other side flat, edged within. Tentacular arms long ;
ps unequal, vecj Inxge, one rather oblique; their rinM nar-
if, with alternate long and short verj close acute teeth. Si-
UQcIe long. Shell lanceolate, regular, narrow.
W Pealii Jovm. Acad. Nat. Hist. FhOad. ii. 92. t. B. f. 1, 2.
ai; Blainv. Joum. de Pkys. 132., Did. d'Hisl. Nid. xxrii.
1.; Fenaa. Diet. Class, iii, 67. n. 13.; IfOrb. Tab. dex
^. 63.n. 11. ■,!)' Orb. et Final. Ciph. Act.Caljmri,t.n. i.
. animal, f. 17—27. rings ; ffOrft. Moll. Fiu. et Fos. i. 341.

America, South Carolina and New York.
X. Boston, North Amerioa. In spirits. Presented by W.
Winstone, Esq-

I. LoLiGO Ehhakika.

' oblong, rounded bebinil. Fins half as long as the body, anb-
nnbic, slightly rounded at the sides. Lips with one or two
y small cups at the tip. The second and third pairs of sessile
OS larger, and with much larger cups. Tentaeular arms with
meroua small cups, and smaller ones at the top. Shell lance-
te, thin, with a black central ridge ; the anterior part broad,
e fourth the length.
Fara,

4

I. L0I.IGO AOSTKAUS.

oblong, subcjUndrJcal. Labial membrane with small cup*
lie tips. Fins rhombic, half tbe length of the body. Ten-
ular arms with many moderate.4ized cups disposed in four
rs, and with numerous smaller cups forming four rows at the
, Shell broad, lanceolate, blackish brown; upper end rather
«d.

I. Australia, Newcastle. In spirits. Presented by Rev.
N. Wilton.

I

I

72

7. LoUGa BKAsmXNBTS.

Bodj eli)iigiLt«, subcylindrical, acuminate behind. Fins ahcirt,
the length oi* the bodj, toother rhomboidal with rouDded u
broader than long. Sessile arnu triaogular ; ring oval, opg
eccentrici higher side with six or eight broad teeth, cut i^
Tentacular arms verj long: cup unequal: ring of la^ei
nearly regular, with acute tMiual-sized equal -dis tanced leei
smiiUer oblique, with very long distant teeth on the higher
L ehart close ones on the miiTow aide. Shell narrow, liuKe
I depressed, broad above, with an additional groove on eut

Loligo braailicnsis ffaiKD. Joum. ds Phya. 1823, Diet. daSe,
nvii 144.; Fenus. D'Orb. Tab. des Ciph. 64^ CiAA
12.; D'Orb. Voy. dam VAm{r. Merid. Moil. 63., Moll iM
tiliet, I 38. n. 10^ MoU. Viv. et Fot. i. 344.

Loligo Poejianus Fenisa, Cephcd. Acil. Cahnart, t, 19. £ IJ-I
1833. *!■■

Hah. Brazil, Istimd of Cnba. ^^^|

8. LouGO Gabi. ^^I
Bod^ elongate, subcyliadrical, white, spotted with red. Tm

minal, short, one third the length of the body, rhomboidil, i
angle rounded, broAiler thim long. Sessile arms very I
ring of cups very oblique, armed on the higher side wif
broad blunt teetb. Tentacular arms with unequal cimt!
of larger cupa oblique, armed with equal close blunt teeUi;(
amaller ones oblique, witb acute teetb, longest on the k
side. Shell elongate, dilated behind, produced, narrow inl

Loligo Gahi D'Orh. &■ Firust. Ciph. Aeil. Caiman, t. 21. C i
ifOt^. Voy. Am. Maid, v., MalL 60. t. 3. f. ], 2. 18Si
Uoni. wiiv. t. 10. f. 12, 13., Paleont.krang. t. 8. f. 13, IS.,
Fin. e( iiW. i 348. t, IS. f. 13, 14. ring of cups.

Hob. South America, Chili.

3. LOLIOO SEGLECTA.

Body oblong, subcjlindrical. Fin two thirds the length <
body, rhombic, rounded on the sides. Tentacular amu
^gbt or nine very large cups in two rows, and small ones
ends. Shell lanceolate.
Loligo vulgaris D'Orb. Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. t. 18, f. 1. 12.
Hab. Atlantic.
a. 3Ialta. In tipirits.
i. loBbaa. In spirits. frewiiXAd^)^ &.Q.aw^'%MB^.

c. South of Europe. In spirits, in a. bad state. Presented by

P. B. Webb.

d. Daluuttia- In spirits. Mr, Heckel's Collection.

10. LOIJGO Eein4ddu.

kd; elongate, lai^r in the middle, acuminate behind. Fine oceu-
prin^ more than two thirds the length of the bodj, elongate,
nioiaboidal. Sessile arms well rounded at the atiglen, aoort,
^equal ; second, third, and fourth prura externally curinated ;
tins of cups with acute teeth on the higher side, dicniiiishing in size
to the other side. Tentacular arms large, cjiindrical : eups very
nnequal, ten or twelve central verr large; their ringa smooth, of
mailer lateral cupa oblique, with acute teeth, longest on the
l^gjier aide. Shell narrow, lanceolate; central groove rather
produced above.

digo Reynaudii Fintss. * D'Orb. Ceph. Acet. Cidmarf, t. 24, f.
1 — 8. 1839, Falioat. univ. t. 11. f, 3., Paleoat. Hmng. t. 9. f. 3.,
:MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 346. t. 19. f. 1—5.
ob. Cape of Good Hope.

a. Cape of Good Hope. In spirits. Prescated by G. Boro-
daile, Es(j.
' b. The shell of a. in spirits.

nimol . Shell lanceolate, tranEparent, whitish, eeutral

jSroove deep ; the blade with a slight raised ridge from the apex
fio the front part of the outer edge, near the commencement of
llie shoulder, producing three distinct keels on the convex side
«! the tip ; the upper part of stem one fifth of the length.
iXength sixteen inches.
tA. Isle of France.

Presented by Lady Francis

Differs from all the other shells of the genus by its large size,
kd the oblique groove from the tip to the upper margin. The
lell of L. Reymatdi is only twelve inohe» long.

••* SheB tanceohic, tides straight, eonverging ; upper part broad.
12. LouGO Du^

odj oblong, elongate. Fine irregular, rhombic, b^ilf as Ions aa
thebodj. Buccal membrane aeven-lobed. Ses&Wc ftTTmi,Wott&
' Imgeit, eompreised, finned eatteniallT ; eapa oi \ba\tmM^ qt

■l

t

74 CATALOGUE OF CEPHALOPODA.

fourth pair of arms unequal, rings with eight or nine blimt tros-
cated teeth. Tentacular arms much enlarged at the end, wkk
rather unequal cups ; the rings of the largest very narrow, wiA
distant acute teeth, largest on the highest side ; lateral enpi
oblique ; rings with very unequal teeth^ shortest on the knrat
side. Shell pennate, enlarged, provided with three grocfm
above, oblong, lanceolate, dilated anteriorly and posteriorlj.

Loligo Duvaucelii D'Orb, ^ Feruss. CSph. AcH» Caiman, 1 14t
20. f. 6—16. 1826 and 1839 ; D'Orb. MbU. Viv. et Fas. L 85a

Hab» India.

May be the young of Z. chinensis, but the rings of the ofi
are very different from Ferussac^s figures.

13. Loligo chinensis.

Body oblong, subcjlindrical, acuminated behind. Fins ihomlMi
Labial membrane with a few small cups. Sessile ann8,tiii
pair largest, compressed, finned; rings of .the cups of the nabi
or lower pair of arms with many close acute teeth. Tentaak
arms with numerous rather large cups, and some very nnil
ones at the tip ; rings of cups with distant teeth. Shell tnni'
lucid, lanceolate, rather dilated behind the central part, broil
tapering ; upper part (called the stem) short broad.

Hab. China.

a, b. Canton market. Salted, now in spirits. Presented if

T. Lay, Esq.
c, d. The sheU of a, b,

14 Loligo Plei.

Body very elongate, cylindrical, acuminate posteriorly. Fi«
rhomboidal, about two fifths the length of the body, outer u^
rounded. Sessile arms conico-subiaate, very short, uneqwi
order of length, 3, 4. 2, 1 ; cups oblique ; rings even, tootW
Tentacular arms, club small ; cups unequal ; rings of 4b
largest smooth, toothless, of the smaller ones with acute points:
of the small cups on the sides very oblique, with long teeth «
the higher side. Shell elongate, very narrow, lanceolate, witk
three longitudinal grooves.

Loligo Plei Blainv. Joum. de Phys. 142., Diet Sc. Nat xxri

145. 1823; Feruss. D'Orb. Tab. des Ceph. 64. n, 14.; D'(H

Moll, des Antilles, i. 42. n. 11., Paleont. univ. t. 11. f. 6i

Paleont. etrang. t. 9. f. 6., MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 343. t. 19. f. 6.;

D^OrA. et Feruss. Ceph. Acct. C(amaT8,v\^.V<2A:.f,9— 13.

-^5^, West Indies, Martinique, an^ C\iVi«^

r .......^ .,

15. LouGO Alessakdrikii.

dy oblon", subcjlindrical, rounded behind. Pins 'about two
Snha the length of Ihe body, posterior, rounded. CupB of ten-
tacular arms, unequal, large. ^^B
iligo Aleseandrini Fsrany, Ceph. ex Slcilia, t. 2. f. 2. ^H
Hab. Sicilj. ^H

4* Douhlfvl recent Species.

16. LoLiGo jmn™a.

dy amooth, oblong, conical. Fins very small, at tbe end of body,

enlarged at the end, with two rows of small, dtornate, peduncled
cups. Firuisoc.

Jigo minima D' Orb. Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 35 1 . ;^H
snchia minima Feniss. Cranchies, t. 1. f. 4, 5. 1830. ^H

£ai. Coast of Africa. ^^^

17. LoUGO C4BUNCCLATA.

idy oblong, roundish. Fins rhombic. Tentacular arms with

cylindrical or triangular caruncles on the inner «de, and a few

cups.

ipia catuneulata Schneider, BeobacM. und Endeck. aus der Nal. v.

42. : I»ertt Reiae itaeh Guinea, 7. 1788,

Mab. Gulf of Guinea.

18. LoUGO LAMCEOLATA.

iligo lanceolata Rafin. Prici» des Decouv. Somiol. 29, 14,;
ffOrh. MoU. FiV. ct Fos. l 352. ^^

ifi. Mediterranean. Nut described. ^^H

19. LoLIOO OSOOADICM. ^^^

ffOrb. MoU. Viv. et Fw,. i. 352.

li. Mediterranean. Not described.

5 " FoasU Speciei. Upper Lias. ^^M

20. LOUOO FTBIFOBMIS. "^M

z

76 CATALOGUE OF CEPHAI/OPODA.

Teudopsis pyriformis Munster, Beitr. Petref, vL 58. t. 6. £ S.

1843.
Loligo pyriformis UOrh, Pcdeont, univ, t. 12. ; MoU, Viv.etFtk

i. 336.

Fos, Upper Lias, Ohmden, Wurtemburg.

21. Loligo ptbitobmis.
Shell ovate, oblong, smootb, dilated behind, attenuated in front

Loligo pyriformis D'Orb, Pcdeont. tmiver. t. 12. 1845, PoM

etrang. t. 10., Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 336.
Teudopsis pyriformis Munster, Beitr, Petref, vL 58. t. 6. £ I

1843.

Fos. Upper Lias.

3. TEUTHIS.

Body elongate, acute behind, becoming produced and elongated ■
adult age, especially in the males. Fin rather behind the midli
of the sides of the back, forming a heart-shaped expansion to*
gather. — Head subcylindrical. Labial membrane sunple, Ml
produced into angular lobes, and destitute of any cups. Sidl
lanceolate, narrow ; rest like Loligo.

Teuthis Aristoteles, de Anim. iv. 1. ; Schneider, Samnd. Verm. Hi

1784.
Loligo sp. Belon, de Aquat. 339. ; Ferussac, Lamck., Leach, SfC.
Sepia sp. Linn.
Loligo /3. D'Orh. Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 337.

1. Teuthis paeva.

Body subcylindrical, elongate, attenuated behind, and in the adult {
males produced beyond the fins. Fins separate, far apart ii
front, rhomboidal, subcordiform. Sessile arms with the obliq*
rings armed with blunt close teeth on the higher side. Ten-
tacular arms long, clubbed ; rings with very close blunt teeth.
Shell lanceolate, broad, narrow in front.

Loligo parva Rondelet. de Piscib. lib. xvii. cap. v. 508. 1554;

Gesner, de Aqvat. lib. iv. 581.; Bossuet de Nat. Aquat. 200.;

Leach, Nat. Miscell. iii. 138. ; D'Orb. Moll. Viv. et Fos, i. 339.
Loligo minor, Rondeletii Aldrovand. de MoU. 72. 67. 1642 ; J(^

ston, Hist. Nat. Exang. lib. i. de Moll. cap. iu. p. 8. t. 1. f.5.;

Ruysch, Theatr. Exang. 8. t. 1. f. 5.

Sepia media Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. VI. \0^5. tl. ^. VT^T ; Scovf^ I

-fe>/. Ma. 27. ; Pennant, Brit. Zool. Vv. 5\.\.,*I^,t,^,^Od^^

ffjrf. Wirf. edit. 13. 3150. n. 3.; Tarton, Brit. Zool. IW. ; Briip-
inci/c. Mith. t. 70. f. 9.

nar dard Monifort, Buff, de Somin, MoU. ii. 74. t. 16, 17.
805.

mar Mnknime Monifort, Buff, de Somiin. MoU. 82. t. 18. 1S05.
igo aubuluta Lamarck, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat, Far. i. \5. a. 'A.
799, Hitt. Aa. a. Vert. vii. 664. n. 3. ; Bote, Bi^. de Delerv.
'er», i. 46, i Blainv. Jovm. de Phua. 131., Diet, des Se. Nat.
XTii. Ii3. ; Firuiisae. Diet. Ciu*. iii. 67. n.5.; D'Ori. Tab. dea
7a)h. 63. n. 9. ; Pagraadeau, Cat. MoU. de Corse, 172. n. 350. ;
ilaiTa!. Famte. Fraaq. 16. ; PuHez &• Mich. Gall. Moll, de
lotuti, i. 8, □. 2. ; Canh^ne, Mrdac. iVoun. Mim. Acad, de Brvx.
m. 17. n. 2.; DOrb. Ciph. Acit. Calmars, t. 17. t. 23. f. 19.
3—21, ; Thompson's Report of the Brit. Astoe. 248.
[go apiralii Feruta. Diet. Clasi. n. 6. 1823 ; D'Orb. Tab. da,
?eph. 63. n. 10.

igo niarmoriE Verant/, Mem. Acad. Sc. Torin. i. t. 5. 1837, fe-
ign Lamiumorm Verani/, Cat. Invert. Gejiova, 17.
Jab. Atlantic ami Mediterranean, Coasts of France and Eng-
I.

a. Brighton. Male; tail very long. In spirits. Presented
by J. Rucker, Esq. Mua. Leacli.

6. Shell of a. dry. . .

c. Hastings. Male, larger ; tail longer. In spirits. Presented

by J. G. Children, Eeq.

d. Devon. Fcnjale, snrnlier; tail shorter. In spirits. Pre-

sented by W. E. Leach, M.D.

e. Coast of Holland. Female ; tail shorter. In spirits. I're-

Bonted by E. Engle, Esq.
/. Shell of e. dry.
g. Shell of d.

h. Shell. Coast of France. Presented by W. E. Leach,

M.D. Young, the end of tail not produced. Fins

about two fifths the length of the body.

Loligo vulgaris jun. Firms. Ciph. Aeet. t. 22. f. 23. ?

i. Weymouth. Young. In spirits. Presented by Rev. Dr. J.

Goodall,

[y short, cylindrical, attenuated behind. Fins regularly rhom-
oidal, truncated in ii-ont, rounded on the aides, i^u^-j Vi^l '^v.
^gfhoftiebodf. Sessile arms moderate-, nn^'vilila. s- ™

78 CATALOOITE OF CEPHALOPODA.

ei^ht very blunt teeth on the higher side ; lower side am
third pair largest. Tentacular arms long, slender ; dub la
late ; cups unequal ; ring of the lateral cups armed with
teeth on the higher side. Shell oblong, spoon-shaped; i
part rather narrow and produced.

Loligo sumatrensis jyOrh, 8f Feruss. C^ph, AcSt, Calmars^
f. 1—3. 1839 ; D'Orb, MoU. Viv. et Foa. L 349.

Hob, Sumatra.

b. Shell as long as Back, Fin occupying the Sides of the Boc

4. SEPIOTEUTHIS.

Body oblong, rather depressed, subcylindrical. Fins narrow
tending the whole length of the sides of the back. Suspe
buttons on the ventral surface, marginal, cartilaginous, 1
enlarged below; cervical ridge linear. — Head large, I
membrane seven-lobed ; buccal aquiferous openings six ; exi
ear with a transverse crest, enlarged and curved up in
— Sessile arms conical, subulate, unequal, finned exten
cups in two rows. Tentacular arms long, cylindrical;
enlarged and finned ; cups in four alternated rows, with a
membrane. — Siphuncle with two central superior bands.—
internal, horny, the length of the back, pennate, lance
narrow in front, and with a central keel.

Sepia sp. Lamck, 1812.

Calmars Seiches (Loligo Sepioidea) Blainv, Jour, Phys.

Malac, 1825.
Chondrosepia Leuckart, 1828.
Sepioteuthis Ferussac, Tab. Ceph. 1825; D'Orbigny^ MoU, }

Fos. i. 319. t. 17. ; Desk, in Lamck, Hist, xi. 242.
Les Sepioteuthes Blainv, Malac.

Synopsis of Sections,

* Buccal membrane provided with cups.
** Buccal membrane without any cups.

* Buccal Membrane provided with Cups,

t SheU lanceolate, thickened on the Sides, obliquely up t

Shoulder.

1. Sepioteuthis ltjndlata.

Body oval, oblong. Fins very broad, fleshy, most dilated I

the middle of the body. SessWe aima ^oiv«^\,^^ ^NkwI'^t^ une

order of length, 3, 2, 4. 1 *, cupa de^xesa^Oi, o\i\\o^Qi\ tvsv«

"^

7y

ttrong, carved, distant teeth, longest on the highest side. Ten-
tacular ormB much clulibed, blunt ; cupa rather obltijue, in tour
lines ; ringB of the larger central onea narrow, with very iliatajit
teeth. Shell lanceolate, thiukened edge extending up to the
■boulder, upper part short.

Jinoteulhia lunulata Quoj/ ^ Oaim. Voy. Attrol. Zool. MoB. ii. p.
74. t. 3. f. 8— 13. S?1832; D' Orb. et Fenui. Cephai. Acei. Se-
piokuthi), t. 3. f. 1. t. 6. f. 1—8.; D'Orb. Moil. Vit. et Foi. i.
323. L 17. f. 5—8.

qnoteuthis guinensis (Sepioteutbe de Dorei) Quay if Gaim. Vay.
Ailrol. Zool. Moil. ii. 72. t. 3. f. 1—7. 1833.
Spioteuthis dorensis D'Orb. et Fenias. Cepk. Anil. Sepioteuthi
3. f. 3. J ? 1833.
loi. New Guinea, Vaalkoro.

2. Sefiotecteis austbaus.

aiy oblong-elongate, cjlindrical, truncated in front, acumisBte
■nd blunt behind. Fiua very broad, very fleshy, subrhoinboidal,
broadest in the middle of the body. Sessile anua elongate, un-
'tqual; order of length, 3, 4, 2, 1. Tentacular arms very etrong,
Mnnpregsed ; club large ; cups very large ; rings of larger cups
with very blunt diatnnt teeth. Shell thin, flexible, lanceolate,
iwidest at one third iU length ; central rib prominent, expansion
oommencing near its upper end.
inioteuthis auatrolis Quoy ^ Oaim. Voy. Attrol. Zonl. ii. 77. t. 4.
nC 1. 1833, Regne Animal du Cuv. t. 3.; D'Orb. et Firrai.
I Ciphtd. AcH. SepioteulkU. t. 5. f. 3. t. G. f. 15-21. ; D'Orb.
I Mail Fib. et Foi. i. 324. t. 17. f. 15.
jbi, New HoUand.
I Var. 1. Cupa on labial membrane, three in one line.

a. Fort-Jockson, Australia. Half-groim. In spirits. Pre-
' seated by J. B. Jukei, Esq. n. 81.

6. The sheU uf a.

Tar. 2. Cups on labial membrane, five in two lines,
c. Damley Isbnd, Australasia. Adult. In spirits. Presented
by J B. Jukes, Ksq. n. 241.

3. SKPIOTEllTHta MimilTIANA.

tody spotted with violet, cylindrical, actuoinated behind. Fins
narrow, widest at two thirds the leii<,'th of the Inxly. Sessile
arms unequal ; order of length 3, 4, :2, 1 ; cupa oblique ; rings
wilb a number of acute, hooked, curved teeth. Tentacular
arms slender; cups rather oblique; rings of tbe itAA:^V«, wim

IwaM aeum d^Uutl, hooked teeth, krgeal on tiie \u^a«A waft-

80 CATALOOITE OF CSPHAIiOPOBA.

Labial membrane with four or five cups at the angl
FSrussac, 1. c. t. 5. f. 4. t. 7. f. 8.). Shell lanceolate, i
widest at one third the length, central ridge very strong,
thickened, and ^diverging to the upper extremity of 1
pansion.

Sepioteuthis mauritiana Quoy 8f Gaim, Voy. Ast. MoU. ii.
f. 2—6. 1833 ; D'Orb. et FSruss. Cq>hal, Acit. Sepioteuti
f. 1—4. t. 7. f. 1—5. ; D'Orb, Moll Viv. et Fos. I 328.

ffab, Mauritius.

4. Sepioteuthis madaoascabiensis.

Body oblong, rounded behind. Fins broad, rounded. (
tentacular arms unequal, four-rowed. Labial membrane
single cup at the tip of each angle. Shell lanceolate,
broad, thickened on the side, upper part rather broad, bl

Sepioteuthis madagascariensis Gray MS, B, M, 1836.

Hob, Madagascar.

a. Madagascar. In spirits. Presented by J. E. Gray

b. Shell of a. In spirits.

f f Shell lanceolate, not thickened on the Sides.

5. Sepioteuthis Lessoniana.

Body elongate, spotted with violet. Fins dilated posl
Head broad ; ear crests thick, broad. Sessile arms e
unequal ; order of length, 3, 4, 2, 1 ; cups oblique ; rin
distant acute teeth. Tentacular arms bluntly clubbc
large, very oblique ; rings armed with acute, distant,
teeth. Shell lanceolate, broadest in the middle ; outer e
thickened ; central rib broad, extended in front, one i
length.

Sepioteuthis Lessoniana Feruss. D^Orb, Tab, des Ceph, 6^
Lesson, Voy, de Coquillcy Moll, 241. t. 11.; D'Orb,et
Cephal, Acet. Sepioteuthis, t. 1. t. 6. f. 2 — 14. ; D'On
Viv. et Fos, i, 326.

Hab. New Guinea.

a. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Adult. (Rings of

black, nearly edentulous.) Antarctic Expeditio:

b. Shell of a. broken. In spirits.

c. d. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Young. (Ring

cups brown, with numexous «tc\x\,^ \,^<i\3a..'\ A
JExpedition.

Shell of c. In spirits.

? Shell drf. {Probably of this species.)
)rbio;iij, in bia description, sajs the ehell is nitbout any
I lieges or thiciening, but his specific character is (laleri/nu
mtii). Both our specimena have three or four small cups,
ig a single line on the angles of the buccal membrane ; and
how that the rings, on which M. D'Orbignj appears to place

reliance, change their cbarncter -with the age of the spe-

•* Biueal Sfemhrajie mithcnit any Clips.
I ShcU very thin, not tkichmed on the Edgei. J

I. SEnOTEDTHIS SEPJOIDEA. I

OTate, oblong, spotted with violet, acuminated behind. Fin*n
Imeucing some distuncc behind, outline subrhomboidal.
ale arms subulate, slender, unequal ; order of length 3, 1, 4,
dorsal pair compressed, other depreEsed ; rings broad, with
t acute teeth, amaller an their lower side. Tentacular ann^
htly clubbed ; cups in four lines, of the two central lines
;est. Shell, very thin, transparent, very broad, lanceolate,
e not thickened ; central ridge broad above, very narrow

officinalis var. b. Lamch, Mem. de la Soc. d'Hut. Nat. 17S9,
^ Hist. An. i. Vert. xii. 668.

! truitee Montfort, Buff, de Sonnin. Moll. i. 263. t. 6. 1B05.
I Kpiiiidea Blainv. Joura. de Pkys. 1823, p. 133., Dint. Sc.
'. xjcvii, 146.

Bffinis Fenas. D'Orb. Tab. Milh. de» Ciphal. 66. n. 3. 1825.
biserialis Blianv. Diet. Sc. Nai. xlviii. 2S4. 1827.
«uthis bianguiata Hang, Mag. de Zool. 73. t. 98. 1837.
«uthifl aepioidea D'Orb. Mall, da Atdilles, i, 34. n. 9. IS38;
S. Vit. et Foa. i. 320.; D'Orb. et Finus. Ciphal. Acit.
iotetithii, t. 7. f. 6—11. rings.
West Indies.
, Honduras. In spirito.
. Jamaica ?■ In spirits. Mus. Sloauc.
The shell of 5., dry. Slightly thickened on the edge.

tt SlieU with the Margin thickened.
. SBPiOTKcrms SLOAwn.

I ju7n» with only two rows of rings at t\ie \iase. IcSna -sWiV
^^Me of the body. Shell bruad, \at\ccoVilc, -mSxV i-iw

\

82 CATALOGUE OF CEPHALOPODA.

broad thickened side ; margin thicker on the inner side; oentnl
keel very broad, rounded above, thicker in the centre, witlmit
any grooves on the sides ; gradually narrower in front.

Loligo Sloanii Leachy MS, Brit, Mus, 1817.

Hah, West Indies.

a. Honduras. In spirits.

b. The shell of a.

c. ' ? In spirits. Mus. Sloane.

d. Shell of c, dry. Taken out by Dr. Leach.

8. Sepioteuthis Blainvilll^na.

Body cylindrical, rather attenuated, but rounded behind,
fleshy, outline broader in the middle of the body. Sessile
slender, long ; rings oblique, thick, with long, close, acute
Tentacular arms, cup moderately large ; rings like those of!
sessile arms. Under side of the buccal membrane tul
thickened. Shell lanceolate, very broad, thin, lateral
broadest in the middle of the length, strongly thickened o&l
sides of the extremity.

Sepioteuthis Blainvilliana Feruss, Sf D'Orb, Sepioteuthis, t i|
1839 ; D'Orb, Moll Viv. et Fos. i. 327. t. 17. f. 1—4.

Hub. Java.

*** BtLCcal Membrane unknown or undescribed,
f Fins most dilated on the Middle of the Body,

9. Sepioteuthis Hempeichii.

Body compressed, attenuated posteriorly, rounded. Fins subeqol
elliptical, enveloping the whole sides. Shell very soft.

Sepioteuthis Hemprichii Ehrenberg, Symholcs Physicce^ Ceph. n. I
1831 ; D'Orb. Moll Viv. et Fos, i. 322.

Hab. Red Sea.

10. Sepioteuthis bujneata.

Body elongate, rhomboidal, surrounded with a blue mark. Fai
dilated in the middle.

Sepia bilineata Qvx)y ^ Gaim, Voy, AstroL Zool, ii. 66. t. 2. f. l"

1833.
Sepioteuthis bilineata UOrb, ^ Feruss, CepTial, Acet, iSepiotet^

t, 4, £, 2, 1839 ; UOrh, Moll. Yin. et Fos. I. 325.

JSad, New Holland.

r

; 11. Sepioteuthis majob.

Body Bubcjlindriuil, attenuateil posteriorly ; latera! pinna; pro-

i duced to the whole length of the body, extended in tlie middle.

rpioteuthis major Oray, Spin. Zooi. 3. t. 4. f. 1. (Slus. Col.
Surg.) ; D'Orb. ei Firass. Cephal. Acet. Sepiotevihig, t. 7. f. 12.
nii^; If Orb. Moll. Viv. et Fos. \. ZSO.
I Hab. Capo of Good Hope. Mus. Col. Surgeona. The giant of

V

Fiiu most dilated behiTid the Middle of the Body. — Choudro-

liiscoua colour above, £eah -coloured bcnenth, witli
reddish points scattered all over ; aliform membraw;
])roBder towards the posterior part, of a violet colour under-

«pi(jl«utliis loliginiformis D'Orb. If Feruan. Ceph. Acel. Sepio-
kuthU, t. 4. f. 1. lB39i D'Orb. MoU. Vie. el Fot. i. 322.
kindroBepta loliginiformis Leuckart ; RiippeU, Atlod zu der Rcite.,
t2I. t. 6. f. I. 1828.
%£. Red Sea.

e. Shell elongate, penTUile, broad. Aidmal unhnowa. Fossil.
3. TEUDOPSIS.

utmal unknown. — Shell internal, horny, Bpathula-formed, very
iiurrow, much prolonged in front and dilated behind, with :i
uuTOiv medial rib ; the lateral expansion broad, convex above,
concave below, repreaenting a kmd of spoon at the hinder
extremity. — Fossil. UpperXias.
Keudopsis Qea Teudopsides) Deslongchamps, Mem. Soc. Zlnii.
Norm. 1833, v. 74. t. 3, f. 1, 2, 3. ; D'Orb. Moll. Vk. el Jo.t. J.
359t PaleaHt. Fran^.; Desk, in Lamcb. Hisl. xu 241.

diileathia sp. Mansler, Petref. vi. I. 6. f. I.; Bronn, Gescli.diiT
ffatvty. Hi. 341.
-■^—^ n G>teA.d

84 catalogue of cephalopoda.

1. Teudopsis Bunelui.

Shell elliptical, smooth, attenuated In iront, rather blunt I
convex above, and concave below.

Teudopsis Bunellii Deslongch, Mem. Soc, Linn. Norm, v. 7'
f. 123. 1835 ; UOrh. Paleont. Frang, Ter, Jur. i. 38. t. 1
leont. univ. t. 13., MolL Viv, et Fos, i. 361. t. 20.

Teuthopsis Bunellii Bronn^ 1. c. 541.

T. Caumontii Deslongch. 1. c. v. 76. t. 3. f. 45.

Fos. Upper Lias, Calvados. Deslongch.

2. Teudopsis ampullaris.

Shell elongate, lanceolate, smooth ; sides sinuated ; before elc
slender, produced ; behind, dilated, blunt.

Teudopsis ampullaris D'Orb. Pcd. univ. t. 14. f. 1, 2. 184^
etrang. t. 11. f. 1, 2., MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 260.

Beloteuthis ampullaris Munster^ Beitr. Petr. vi. t. 6. f. 1.?
Bronn, Gesch. 541.

Sepioteuthis gracilis Munster^ Beitr. Petr. vi. t. 14. f. 5. ?

Fos. Upper Lias.

3. Teudopsis Bollensis.

Shell lanceolate, elongate, oblique, and broad on the side;
narrow and prolonged in front, enlarged behind ; sides
sinuated ; central rib very distinct.

Teudopsis Bollensis Voltz, Taschenb. 629. 1836; D'Orb.I
univer. t. 14. f. 3., Paleont. etrang. t. 11., Moll. Viv. et
361. t.

Loligo Bollensis Schubler, Zeiten. Wurt. 49. t. 37. f. 1. 185
t. 25. f 6, 7.

L. Schubleri Queenstedt, Wurt. 254. 1843.

Beloteuthis Bollensis Bronn^ 1. c. 541.

Fos. Upper Lias, Wurtemburg.

6. LEPTOTEUTHIS.

Animal unknown. — Shell horny, internal, lanceolate, very
and rounded in front ; the central rib is only slightly (
and very broad. — Fossil. Oxford Clay.

Leptoteutbis Meyer, Mus. SensKcab. \. ^Qfl. \^14; Brom
chenb. 1836, 56. ; D' Orh. Paleont. umu. \,, \^.., Poleoia, k
12. Moil. Viv. et Fos. i. 363. t. ^\.

I. LXFTOTEDTHIS GIG AS.

jQ Itnceolate, smontb, blont in front, pointed behind.
Moteuthis gigaa Meyer, Mat. Lenahenh. i. 202. ; Bronn, Tat-
*ea. 1836,56.; IT Orb. Moll. Fin. et Fo*. i. 363. t. 21.
p. Oxford da;, Solenlioficii.

7. BELOTEUTHIS.

own. — Shell internal, homy, lanceolate, flat, acntni-
front, enlurged and winged behind, with a central

MDvex, and two diverging lateral concave ridges ia the concave

Beneath.— FmmV. Upper Lins.

toteuthia (pars) Mmuter, Bear. Pelref. vi. t. 5. f. I. 18-13;

UOrb. Mall. Viv. et Foi. i. 364. 1843, Paliont. uaii). t. IG. 1845.

polites Ep. Minister, 1843,

nthopHis sp. ? BroTin, Ges. der Nat. iii. S41.

1. Belotecthis bubcostata.

I front, subatriatcd

■nbatriata Mumler, 1. e. 62. t. G. f. 3. t. 6. f. S.
■cutB Miauter, 1. c. 63. t. 6. f. 4.

venusta Mumter, I. c. 64. t 14. f. 2.
ampuUariB (pars) Mmuter, 1. c. t. 5 . f. I . not t. 6. f. 1 .
[Habtes Bubstriatus Munaler, I. c 76. t. 6. f. 6. ?
Foi. Upper Lias, Wurtembm^.

8. BELEMNOSEPIA.

imd unknown. — Shell interna], bomj, thin, broad i central
»rt gradually increasing in breadth to the more or lees pro-
lucea broad front part, and with a rounded expansion OQ
■ach ude behind j the lines of growth of the central part irmt-
rerse, and of the lateral wing arched and concentric ; the hinder
MTt convex above and concave beneath. — FiissU. Upper
Lou and Oxford CUy.

'emnoeepia Jg^tiz, Lehrh. 1835, 627. \836,a6. vw BucttaoA,
%»/ i. 374. note, IS36, ed. 2. 414. 1839 ; D«h. ■\Ti LamcVtti*-

86 CATALOGUE OF CEPHALOPODA.

xi. 245.; UOrh. Pcdeont Frcmq, Ter. Jur. 1842, Mi

Fas, i. 433. ; ManteU, Medals of Creation^ ii. 468. fig.
Belopeltis VoUz, BuU, Soc. GioL ii. 40. 1840, Mim. Soc,

1843.
Loli^osepia Queenstedt^ FMzeherg Wwriemb. 252.

Bbdny.
Geoteuthis Munster, Beitr. vi. 68. 1843 ; UOrh. MoU. V

I 161.
Paleosepia ThSod. 1844.
Onychoteuthis sp. Munster, LehrK 1830.
Sea Pens, or Loligo sp. Buckkmd^ Choi. L 374.
Celseno ? sp. Owen^ Trans, Phil, Soc, 1844.

1. Belebinosefia lata.

Shell dilated, compressed, broad, and truncated in h
broad entire wings behind.

Geoteuthis lata Mvmtery Beitr. vi. t. 7. f. 1. 1843.
Belemnopeltes emarginata Voltz^ MS,
Belemnosepia lata D Orb, Pale(mt,iaitv,t, 25. f. 1. 1. 26. i
Viv, et Fos, i. 436. t. 31. f. 1.

Fos, Upper Lias, Wurtemburg.

2. Belemnosepia plexuosa.

Shell oblqpg, lanceolate, produced, truncated, and narro
late behind ; sides with elongate narrow wings.

Geoteuthis flexuosa Munster, Beitr, zur Petref, vi. t. 9. f
Belemnosepia flexuosa Z>' Orb, Paleont, univ, t. 25. f. 2.
1846, MoU, Viv, et Fos, i, 437. t. 31. f. 2.

Fos, Upper Lias, Wurtemburg.

3. Belemnosepia Agassizii.

Shell elongate, conical, dilated before, attenuated behinc
on sides elongate, broad.

Teudopsis Agassizii Deshngch, Mem, Soc, Lin, Norm. '

f. 15. 1835.
Belemnosepia Agassizii UOrb, Paleont, univ, t 25. f

MoU, Viv, et Fos, i. 437. t. 31. f. 3.

Fos, Lias, Calvados.

4. Belemnosepia Obbignyana.

Shell dilated, compressed, "bioaii m feoii\. "^va^ ^'^l \ii
broad, sinuous.

^■^ LOWQIDffi: BBLEMNOSBPIA,

87

)teuthis Orbignyanii Mmuler, Seitr. Petref.
emnosepia Orbignyana Orl). JPaleoat. univ.
UoiL Viv. et Fo>. i. 438.

i. t.7
t. 26

f. 2. 1843,
f. 3. 1846,

r. Upper Liaa, Wurtembeq;.

5. BeL^HNOSEFIA SAGlTTiTA,

nU elongate, dilated in &ont, lanceolate, with ehort lateral iriiig

oteuthis Bacittata Maniter, Bsitr. Petref. vl.

7. f. a. t. R f 4

-U. f. 4. 1843.

Pin. et Fos. \. 439.

Uguita Mwuter, MS.

». Upper Lias, Wurtemburg.

. 27.

1846, MoU.

6. Bblemnobepia sabtata.

ell noTTOTr, elongate, narrow in front, lanceolate,
nuTOw wing behind.

blunt, witb

MtentUB hagtata Mmisler, Beitr. Petref. v. t. 8. f. 3
Vit. tl Foe. i. 439.

1843.
IB46, MoU.

n. Upper Lioa, Wurtemburg.

7. Belemnobepia speciosa.

M

I^Uke B, Bollenais, but narrDwer and more

■onic!.

■

iotenthiB speciosa Munsler, Seitr. Petref. vi. t. 8. f.
«F«.L44or

». Upper Lias, UVurtemburg.

8. Belbhkobepia Bollehbib.

dl dilated, oblong, dilated in front, truncated
Ivrow, linnouB,

; Bide

niiig rather

'iao Aalensia SchuMer, Zeiten. Wurlemh. 34.

^ BoUensiB SchiJil^, Zeilen. Wartemb. 34.

ifi Sea Peua Buchland, Miu. t. 28. f. 6, 7.

836.

opeltit MDuatus VoUi, Bull Soc. Geot. ii. 4C

^raab. iii. 1B43. from Zeitcn.

^uthis Qollensia Muiuter, Beitr. Petref. vi.

fyff. f^. rf/-w. /. 440.

. 25. f. 4. 1830.
t. 25. f. 5. 7. 1830.

29. f. 1, 2. t. 30.

. 1840, Mem. Soe.
t. U,f.3.t.8.€.V.

M

mw

•^■i ■•■

•■•■1

I I

88 CATALOGUE OF CEPHALOPOBA.

Embalmed Calamary (Celaeno, Mvmter) Otoen^ PML Tra
84. t. 4. f. 2. ? ?

Fos. Upper Lias, Wurtemburg and Lyme Regis.

9. Belemnosepia obconica.

Shell conical, oblong, dilated in front, truncated; side wing
G^oteuthis obconica Munster, Beitr. Petref, v. t. 9. f. 1. II
Belemnosepia obconica UOrh, Paleont, univ. t. 29. f. 4
Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 441.

Fos. Upper Lias, Franconia.

d. Shell homyy shorter than the Back. Fin shot% on the JSt

the Sides of the Back.

9. ROSSLA..

Body separate at the neck, purse-shaped, rounded behii
cated before. Cervical band none. Mantle supported
or below by a small tubercle, fitting into an elongate (
nous groove at the base of the siphuncle, above at tb
central ridge received into a groove. Fins oval, oblon
on the middle of the sides of the back. — Head large, dt
narrowed behind the eyes. Eyes large, lateral, super!
an inferior eyelid. Buccal membrane short, six-lobec
behind, a little below the eyes. — Sessile arms stron<
conical, subulate, unequal ; cups fleshy, globular, se
two or four series; rings horny, convex, toothless; tl
fourth pair distinctly webbed. Tentacular arms retrac
a large subocular cavity, long, cylindrical, with club
finned ends ; without any protective membrane for tl
with pediceled spherical cups on two alternating
their rmgs swollen externally and toothed on the upp
— Siphuncle without any superior band at its junction
head. — Shell horny, lanceolate, only occupying the
half of the body.

Rossia Owen, "J. Ross, Voy, Append. 1835, Trans. Zc
1828 ; Weigm. Arch. i. 298. 1836; D'Orh. Cephal. Aa
Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 235. 1845 ; Gray, Syn. B. M. 9
Proc. Zool Sac. 1847. 205 ; Moller, Ind. Moll. Gr
Loven, Ind. Moll. Scand. 3.

SepioJa sp. Gervais §• Van Benedeu, BvJl. Acad. Bnu
belle Chiajsy MS. ; Desh. in Lamcli. Hist, ^^,^,-x\.^^^

• Cups of sessile Ami sanilar, equal. — RoBsia.

Vifs of sessile Arms in tiEo ultermiimg Mom* beneath, and Jo

ore al Ike Tip. Fijia contracted at Ikeir Junction vnth the Bodjfi

1. SoSnA rAIJ>£BROgA.

Joblong. Head neai'ly aa large as the body, swollen ...
W. Pins placed anteriorly. Sesaile anus short, very unequal;
'der of kiigth, 3, 4, 3, 1 ; oups in two rows at the base, and
many rows at the end of the anna, with the rings on the
ner side of the sphere. Tentacular arms elongate, with rerj
inj cups, which are smaller near the tip.
U palpebrosB Owen, Rosa's Voyage, Nat. Hist. S3, t. n.
idl. C. 1834; D'Orh. Cip/ial. Acet. 247. n. 2.; Bosiie, t.
-10., Mott. Kiu. rf Fob. 1. 256.
>U palpebrosa Oervais g- Van Benedcn, Bull, de VAcad.

Atlantic Ocean, Prince Regent's Inlet, North S

3. RoSSU MACBOSOUA.

' smoolb, shorty rounded, brondcT than long. Fins thin, shoi ,
oiurculor, larger in front. Head short. Sessile arms subu-
e, rather compressed, elongated, unequal ; order of length,
1, 1, 2 ; cups epberical, in two distinct rows at the base, and
IT at the tip ; rings large, smooth, and entire. Tentitculiir
■M alender ; cup at the base of the club large, gradnally di-
iliihing in si^te, and augmenting in number, towards the end.
i^ lanceolate, two thirds the length of the body.
>la macrosoma DeRe Chiaje, MS. ; Gervais el Van Beneden,
iC. de CAcad. lie SriLZ. vi. n. 1. 1H3S.

ia macroaoma D'Orb. Sf Feruss. Ciphal. Acit. 245. Sepiola,
i.f. 13—24. IS39, Moll. Vie. et Fo8.i.257. t. II.

. The Mediterranean, near Naples.

89

1

■I.P ^

1

.hoT^i^B

3. ROBSU SOBCLATA.

' rather elongate, blunt behind. Fins rounded, largest a
-— junction w/lb (fie hodj. Sessik arms \ine(^a\v t'^'-'w^'
Z^S> S, I ; caps aJtemate in two_ro^B, s'

nc^iOl^H

90 CATALOGUE OF GBPHALOPOBA.

A^^ Tentacular arms long, slender. — Bodj, head, and u

I5'

rose-coloured, red-dotted.

fM Sepiola subulata Eyd, MS, ; Cfervais et Van Beneden, B

bw Acad, Roy. de BruxeUes, t. n. 7. 1838 (Note sur

IJII Sepiola.)

m^ Rossia subulata D'Orb, Sf Fer, Cepha2, Acit. 249. n. 3. 18i

-'^■•-- Viv, et Fos, i. 259.

m^i Hab, Indian Ocean, Manilla.

M

'v-:= ♦♦

Cups of lateral three Pairs of Arms very large, p
■^]\ distant; Cups of other arms small, crowded, equci,

^ f cular arms tapering, — Heteroteut his.

';.-:.!
.''5;/

^]:j; 4. R088IA DISPAB.

^: t Body ovate, rounded, and rather tapering behind. Fins r

rather behind the middle of the back. Sessile arms

I -^ ■

• ■ 4.

hj^' externally ; four upper pairs slightly webbed tDgether, tl

/|., J fourth slightly webbed on the side, ventral pair separat(

'::- cups smfdl, globular; third pair finned, with a very ft

globular cups. Tentacular arms slender ; club scarcely
compressed externally, with very minute cups placed in
series.

Kossia dispar Ruppell, MS, Brit. Mus.

Sepiola dispar U'uppeU, in Giom, del Qahin, di Messin

1845.
Hab, Sicily.

a, b. Sicily. In spirits. From Edward Klippell, M.!

*** Cups peduncled,

5. KossiA ? OwENn.

Cups large, distinct, on long peduncles, arranged in thi
those of the centre row not half the size of the side ones
first pair of arms more numerous, more equal in si
smaller, than on the other arms.

Rossia Owenii Ball, Trans, May, Irish Acad, 1843; Th
Report of Brit, Assoc, 1843, p. 248. ; D'Orb, Moll, Fit
L 259. n. 4.

Hab, Ireland, Dublin Bay. Ball, 1839.

6, EossiA ? Jacobi.
Larger than R. Owemi; arms a\iOTl«t\ cvr^ ^tcisS^^t

a hciagooal membrane, witli a. ridge running to the second,
, und fourth pairs of arms ; on the first pair it passes upon
reb between the first pair of armB, wtere it hit'urtates ajid

on each side.

Jacob! BaU, Traia. Ruy. Irvih Aead. 1843 ; Thimpim'g
irt of Brit. A»toc. 1843, p. 248. ; D'Orb. MoU. Vio. et Fos.
9. n. 5.
[reland, Dublin Bay, Dr. A. Jacob, 1840.

ad atlaclied to the Back of the Mantle by a broad cervical
land. Fia short, in the Middle of the Sides of the Back.

10. SEPIOLA.

ihoFt, purse-like, rounded beliind, truncated before. Cervical
1 brond. Mantle with an oblong ridge near the edge fitting
ft groove on the sidea of the base of the Bipbuncle. Fins
he middle of the aides of the back fur apart, contracted
be base. — Head sborL Eyes large, prominent; inferior
id distinct. Buccal membrane short, ijl:i- or sevea-lobed. Ear
de, beneath and behind the e/e. Aquiferous apertures two ;
faracbiol, between the third and fourth pairs of arms ; the
ad lacrimal, very small, above and behind the eye. Buccal
tores none. — Sessile arms conical, subulate, unequal ; cups
rica], longly pediceled ; rings horny oblique, conves ex-
ally ; third and fourth pairs slichtly webbed at the base,
taeular arms retracted into a suborbical cavity, elongate,

finned, with very many very small longly pediceled cnps
igbt series. — Siphmele with an internal valve, and no cen-

upper bond at its junction willi the head. — SheU homy,
iuear, narrow at the top, wider in Iront, and rather dilated
od, not more than half tbc length of the back, with b medial
(ve and thickened edges.

\

\. Randdet. Piaeit el Aquat. i. SIO. lS5i;
I. cap. 5. 1606.

t Leach, Zodt. Mise. iii. 137. 1817, Joum. Phys. Ixxivi. 674.
'J Feriut. et ZfOrb. C^hal.Aeet 1839; D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et
i. 21S. 1845; Eisso, Eur. Merid. 1826; Blainv. Malae.
i; Grant, Trans. Zool. Soe. i. 1838,' Otoen, Trans. Zool. Sac.
33B ; Gertaia et Van Beneden, Bull. Acad. Bnix. v. 1833, vi.
1839.

rs sect. A. ou Sepioles BhineiUe.
fk .ZmMi GmeUn, OoIi(/um.

:j'i.;;

I •; .1.

92 CATALOGUE OF CEPHALOPODA.

Loligo sp. Lamarck^ 1799 ; Ferussac, TabL Syst, 24.
Sepiolae (les Sepioles) Risso, JSur» Merid. iv. 7. 1826, nol
SepiolidsB (pars) Leach, Zool. Misc, iii. 137. 1817.
Octopodia sp. Schneid. Samml, Verm, Ahh. 116. 1784.
Sepiolidea UOrh, MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 249.

* Body and Head smooth internally, CartUage of Mand

linear J oblong.
f AU the sessile Arms with two alternating Rows of Ci

Tip.

1. Sepiola Eondeleti.

Body oblong, smooth, rounded behind. Fins oval. Se
short, ratiber unequal; proportion of length, 2, 3, 4
globular, in two close, regular, alternating, series ; riii|
Tentacular arms short; club small, compressed,
striated externally ; cup spherical, very small, with ei|
ones irregularly disposed, and with entire rings ; the 1
of arms the least rounded externally ; ventral pair co
keeled. Shell with a medial groove and thickened ma

Sepiola Rondeletins, de Piscibus, lib. xvii. cap. x. p. 5;
Bossuet, de Aquatil. 204. ; Johnston, Hist. Nat. de Pis
cap. iii. t. 1. f. 8. p. 8. ; Ruysch, Theatr. Evang. t. 1. f.

Sepiola Rondeleti Gesner, de Aquatil. lib. iv. 855. 155^
vand. de Moll, lib. v. 63. 1642 ; Leach, Nat, MisceU
(1817) ; Rang, Mag, de Zool. 70. t. 95.; Gervais et V
den, Bvll. Acad. Roy, Bruxelles, v. n. 7. p. 8.; D'Oi
russ. Ceph. Acet, 330. n. 2., Sepioles, t. 1. f. 1 — 6.
4. t. 3. f. 6 — 9. ; Potiez et Michaud, Gal, des Moll, i
nOrb. Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 249. n. 2. t. 10. f. 13. ; :
Rep. Brit. Ass. 245. 1843.

Sepia Sepiola Linn. Syst. Nat. edit. 12. 1096. n. 5. 1767
Aserv. Zool. p. 128. ; Herbst. Eniseit. zur Kennt. der
n. 4. ; Gmel. Syst. Natur. edit. 13. 3151.; Wulfen, .
Phys. Med. Acad, Nat, Cur, viii. 235. ; Martens, 1
Venedig, ii. 436.

Loligo Sepiola Lanick. Mem. de la Soc. d'Hist, Nat, de
1799, Anim, s, Verteb, vii. 664. n. 4. ; Penn. Brit. Zooi
29. f. 46. 1777 ; Barbut, Worms, 76. t. 8. f. 5.; Brvg
77. f. 3. ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat xxvii. 184. ; Cams, let
Nov. Act. Acad, Nat. Curios, xii. 318. t. 29. f. 2, 3.; Pf
Cat, des Moll, de Corse.^ V7^. ii. Z^Z.\ Pftiiippi, En
Sic. 241. n, 3.

II

>h vulguris Grant, Trans. Zoot. Soc. Loud. i. 77. 1833.

ik Grantiana Feruas. Sepioles, t. 2. f. 3, 4., Magca. de ZooL

i«. p. 66. 1835.

ila Devigniana Gervak ^ Van Beriedea, Bail. Acad. Bnix. p. -m

. 183S. J

British Cliannel and the Mediterranean. ■

0, b, c> Medway, near Nore. In spiritB. Presented by Rey.
J. Henstow. Mug. Leach.

d. Berwick-upon-Tweed. In spirits. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

t,f. Mediterranean. In spirits. Presented by E. B. Weblj,
Esq.

g. Sandgate. Not good state. In spirits. Presented by Bei
G. E. Smith.

J. Hastings. la spirits. Presented by W. E. Leach, M. D,

itj. ? In spirits. ? Soi

IS larger than the rest.

j of the cup9 of the sessile a:

ft SEPIOI.A OwENUKA.

Idongate, ovate, smooth, rather pointed behind. Fins very
M, («■ apart, nearly circiilar. Sessile arms elongate, slender,
Mate, unequal ; order of their len^, 2, 3, 4, 1 ; cute
ISqne, rather compressed, rounded, with a large opening,
la distinct alternating lines ; rings entire. Tentacular i
j^ long, very slender; club small; cups very crowded,
Rseedingly minute ; aquiferous pores two. SheL'

9. Sbpiola ? J.

r oblong. Fin widened. SessQe arms unequal, dorsal short,
KTiil ones longest ; cups in two separate alternating lines, with
darate muscular tube up between the cups. Tentacukr
nu long, cylindrical, scarcely enlarged at the end; cups very
inute, odIj one fourth of the size of those of tlie sessile anus.

lell ?

RIM, Knaeaateni, Voy. t. 88. f. .

oU Japonica D'Orb. ff Ferasa. Ccpk. AcH. 234. n. 3. 1839 ;
MoU. Vi».ctFos.i.25\.D.^.

94 CATALOGUE OF CEPHAIiOPODA.

f\ The sessile Arms with two Bows of Cups ; the hwei
eight Rows of smaller Cups at the Tip,

4. Sbpiola atlantica.

Body oblong, purse-shaped, rounded behind. Fins ova]

i| Sessile arms short, unequal; proportionate length,

^j4' cups small, oblique, in two series ; lateral arms lar|

^l or the ventral pair with two rows at the base, sevi

^.>:' crowded rows of smaller cups at the tip. Tenta

rather long. Shell linear, narrow, gradually enlarge

and spathmate behind the tip, sides thickened.

Loligo Sepiola Bouchard^ Cat, des MoU, Mar, du Bouk

j.'i.

L,i 1835.

• 'A'

Sepiola vulgaris Oervais Sf Van Beneden, Bull, de
<^l BruxeUes^ iv. n. 7. 1838, not Grant,

Sepiola atlantica D'Orb, Sf Feruss, Cephal, Acet, 235

'k\

III pioles, t, 4. f. 1—12. 1839 ; D'Orhigny, MoU, Viv, et

I; t. 10. f. 1—12.1845.

■, / Sepiola oceanica UOrh, MoU, Viv, et Fos, t. 10. f. 13.

■• !

i-'i Hah, Atlantic Ocean.

• '''

M. D'Orbigny, at page 247., describes the dorsal pa

arms as having four rows of cups, but he does not mentio

longer description. The British specimens in the Briti

do not belong to this species.

ttt 2T^^ sessile Anns with eight Rows of Cupi

6, Sepiola stenodacttla.

Body short, rounded behind. Fins subcircular. I
Sessile arms thick and short, rather unequal ; <
spherical, in seven or eight rows, rather irregular!
Tentacular arms long, slender; club indistinct;
minute. — Purple, arms cross banded.

Sepiola stenodactyla Grant, Trans, Zool. Soc, Lond. 16
11. f. 1, 2. and f. 6. apex of sessile arms; Geri
Beneden, Bull, de TAcad, de Bruxelles, v. n. 7. fr
IfOrh, et Feruss, Ceph. Acet. 238. n. 5., Sepioles,
, 6. ; D'Orb, Moll. Viv, et Fos. i, 252. n. 4.

Hab. Mauritius. Mus. Zool. Soc.

The name stenodactyla must have originated in a n
Dr, Grant expressly saya \h& arms scr^ "^xo^otlAonally m
and sliorter than in S, tmZgaris, \. c. t^. %5.

I

bEirriiig

loilt; and Head hibercular beneath ; infernoi CarSlagt of
de broad, eoatraeled in the AfuAfle,— Sepioliilea jD'Ort.

J. SePIOIA IJ!(BATA.

id and body smooth ubnye, strongly tubercular on the sides
eoeath, lubercl« with a horny centre, dorsal edge of mantle
earted. Body short, rounded. Seesile anna short, quadran-
vlar, rather unequal; two upper pairs slenderer and shorter,

td webbed at the base; cups hemispherical, in tno alternate
' ' on the base, and then small and in lour aeries;

rings very high, and with an external border. Tentacular

j; dender, lanceolate at the end, and with twenty series of

rttj numerous, exceedingly small, crowded cups. — Whitish, with
BDgiti^inal blue or opake white Unes.

bU lioeolata Qnoy ^- Gaim. Zool. Vov.' Ast. a. 82., MoU. t. S.
«~13. 1832; Gemaii el Van Bmsden, Bidl. de VAi-ad. de

m^t, y. 7.

(doidea lineata D'Orb. &-'Fenas. Cephai. AcH. 240. t. 3. f. 10

-W. 1834, Ami. Sci. Nat. xri. ; If Orb. MoU. Via. el Foa. i.

fi.t9.

k Jerris Bay, New Holland.

11. FIDENAS.

f oblong, rounded behind, united to the head by a broad
rvical band ; a linear cartilage on each iside, in the base of
le uphnncle. Fins oblong, ou the sides of the back. — Bead
'erate. Eyes lai^e, lateraL — Sessile amu subulate, roundish,
nted, tapering, free, except the third and foarth pair?,
1 are united together by a short web. Cups very small,
Jar, two-rowed, longly pedunculated; peduncles suddenly
■ct«d, very thin near the cup. TeiitACuliir arms destroyed!'
■Siphimete \QTj large, long, free from the bead. — SheU ?

pi this the some as, or allied to, Rossia suhvlaia T but the cups
) be supported on a short pedicel ; has that species a
il band ? for the bune is described as liJce Sepioia.

96 CATALOGUE OF CEPHALOPODA.

i.'^^>

Suborder II. Sepiaphora.

SheU cellular, calcareous ; back hard ; cavity filled with
separated b^ numerous cells. — Head united to the ma
broad cervical band. Mantle attached behind, firee
and with two internal cartilaginous longitudinal rid^
into cartil^^ous grooves in the base of the sides o
phuncle. Fin as long as the sides of the back.

Teuthomorpha (Sepiae) (pars) JBrOTtn, Gesch, der Nat. iiL

Fam. VI. SEPIAD^.

Body short, oval or rounded, depressed. Fins lateral,
J j;;,i from one another behind by a neck or free space.

\.:l': Head broad. Eyes lateral. Lower eyelid distinct.

■i.;\.. ridges none, feuccal membrane without cups.

i; i' Sessile arms with four rows of cups ; homy ring of the

; : Z' formly convex, and narrowed above and below, wi

external ridges. Tentacular arms entirely retractih
cell at their base.
Siphuncle without any superior band at its junction witt

with an internal valve.
Shell internal, as long as the back, calcareous, filled witl
cells, without any siphon.

Sepid© (pars) D'Orb. Moll Canar. 20. 1837, Moll. Viv.

237. 1845.
Sepiana Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 205.
Sepiadae Owen^ Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. 2. 1838; Gray, ^

1842.92.
Sepioidae Agassiz, Nomencl.
Sepiacea (pars) Desk. Ency. Meth. ii. 1830.
Sepi© (les Seiches) Risso, Eur. Merid. iv. 7. 1826.

1. SEPIA.

it

ii Body large, ovate or oblong, fleshy, depressed, roundi

with a rounded projection on the front of the dorsal i

. ' narrow, lateral, bordering the whole side of the body,

rate behind. The ventrS. "ipaxt of tha mantle furnism
oblique oblong tubercle ^ttmw \-o ^ eat^^^V\\.^ m^^^

6rp«rt of the siphimcle; the cerricalparf nnder the front of
shell, with loDgitudmol central ridge fitting iota a. groove on
back, — Head very large, wider than long, without any crest
cervical plaits. Eyea large, with an inierior eyelid, and a
ymal opening in the front of the folds of the eyelid. Ear at
lower part of the globe of the eye. Buccal aquiferous
[lings six, between the base of the arms and the lips ; buccal
nbrane seven-lobed, the two lower lobes least marked. —
ule ornM «hort, strong ; dorsal pair compressed, lateral pair
reased, third pair with a mcmbranoiia creet ; protecting
nbrane of the cupa very short; cujb spherical, Jlesbj, oblique
ancled, in four rows ; fourth pair free, rest united by a
ht web at the base. Tentaculai' arma entirely retractile,
;, slwider ; terminal club large, -with an external fin ; horny
{ convex externally, contracted above and below. — Siphuacle

f short, without any band at the junction to the head, and
a large internal valve. — Shell (Sepiotaire Slainv.) em-
Ided in the back of the animal, as long as the body, calcareous,
•eased, ovate or oblong, externally convex, rugose, hard,
n a homy edge and acute tip. The cavity is filled with very
hoe layers of a cellular spongy substance, sometimes leaving
■all, simple, conical cavity under the apex.
\pliniu,.

.VpyLimi. Cuiner,Aml. Comp. \%f30, Reg. Anim.a.i%i. 1817.
Lamck, Sy»l. US. 1801; BMrw. Malac. 1825; Gray, R.
rf, Soe. 1847, 205. ; D'Orh. Moll. Vic. et Fos. i, 261, 1845.
Kxlia ap. Schneider.
i Dvmeril, Zaol. Anat.
t. Beloptera A.B/a!nii. Malac. 621. 1825, Belsnm. 110. 1837. I

Sepiostera Desk. LyeU, Princ. Appemt. 40. 1833.

Sepiostaria-SfcinB. Belemn.; FoJte, Mim. Soc. Strash. 1830.

fielosepia Vollz, Belemn. 23. 1830.

hells of the species may be arranged as follows : —
!hta oblong.

I

i

ft Apex produced. S. vermiculata, n. 7. t. 13,*
S.Rouxii, n. 2. t. 19.

8. Rappiana, n. 6. 1. 10. S. Bertheloti, n. 12. t. 11. 1 23.
"I. Hieireddn, n. 4. t. 13. t. 18. -J

i. sculeata, n. 15. t. 5. and t. 25. S. BlainvilHi, t. 21 j
~;. rostrata, n. 22. t 8. t. 26.

98 CATALOGUE OF CEFBALOPODA.

ttt -4?^^ ''^ry ^^«w^» fl'wi produced. S. tuberculata,
(S. papillata, t. 3. S. mammillata, t. 4.*)
S. Lefebrei, n. 8. t. 24. f. 1. 6.

I

•*' ** SheU oblongs produced behind.

i|! S. inermis, n. 20. t. 6.* (S. sinensis, n. 20.) 5

J- 111

I

i

Iff

:t3:

\.u.

I'

n. 19. t. 22. Microcheirus, n. 21. (inermis,

*

*** SheU very narrow behind, and arched,

f Apex simple.

S. australis, n. 18. t. 12. f. 7 — 11. S. Rupellar
t. 13. f. 10. 13. S. capensis, n. 28. t. 7. f. i:
S. Orbigniana, n. 27. f. 5. S. australis, n. 23.

I tt 4P«* dilated.

if; S. elegans, n. 26. t. 8. f. 1 — 5. S. elongata, n.

j?^ f. 7—10.

I ; The shell of S. officinalis and S. apama have the insid

front part, which is next to the back of the animal, covere

[; hoodliKe horny plate, apparently formed of the continuatio

\ cartilaginous margin which has not been observed in tl

species.

See Longchamps {Mem. Soc. Lin, Norm. v. 1835, '
Buckland (JBridgewater Treat, ii. t.) on the structure of tl

Synopsis of the Sections of the Genus.

§ Sessile Arms with small equal Cups, all in four regulj

* Tentacular Arms with five or six series of i
sized Cups.

** Tentacular Arms with five or six series of i
moderate-sized Cups.

3 * Tentacular Arms with twenty series of uneqi

Cups.

4 * Tentacular Arms with eight or ten series of sm

Cups.

§§ Sessile Arms with small equal Cups ; the two dorsal A
only two rows, rest with two and four.

§§§ Sessile Arms with unequal-sized large and small Cup{

N.B. — ^When the animal is unknown, the species is arran
to that whose shell it most xeaemVA^^.

Htle Arm» teilh small equal Cups placed in fow r

naling Lines,
ntacviar Arms teiih wieqwil-sized Cups placed ii

1

! or nx^H

r DTDte, depressed, amooth. Head with two elongated, unil some
nllerbearda above. Sessile arms aliort, stroDg, unequal ; order
'length, 4, 3, 2, 1 ; ring of cups smootli, entire. IcDtacular
■■a mucli enlarged, witli six alternating lines of cups, the iire
' 'al cups much larger ; rings of the larger cups smooth, of
muller onee toothed. Shell OTate, compreased, wrinkled

e, »enii-cartilaginou3 on the edge and behind, rounded pos-
tiji when young the apical beak is conical, prominent, and

Ini^rpart of the last internal plate occupied; half the hcak
— a immersed in the cartilages, and the plate is diminished
■^ ' d the length of the cjivity in the adult. — Back purple,
t cross bauds, forked, and with small white spots on

1. Fauna Swdca, n. 2106., Sijst. Nat. edit 12.
S.; Gmel. Syst. Nat. edit. 13.3149. ti.2.; Scopoli, Hist.
». Zool. 127. ; Pennant, Brit. Zoot. iv. 55. ; Gronoviiu,
fl 244. n. 1021,; Bmg. Encac. Meth. t. 76. f. 56.^
n, Nov. Act. Fhys. Med. Berlin, viii. 379. ; Lamarck,
Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 4., Syst. des Anim. s. Vert. 39^
,An. *. Vert. vii. 668. ; Bote, Hist. Nat. des Vers, i. 43. n.
E«aoA, Nat. MisceU. iii. 1S8. ; Carta, Icon. Sep. Nov. Act
Cur.iii. 317. t. 2B. ; MaHens, Reiienaeb Veriedig,ii. 436. j
■ad. Cat MoU. de Corse, 173. n. 5i.; Risso,liiA Nat. £w.
id. IT. a. n. 10. ; Bfaiwj. Sid. Sc. Nat. xItIIL 284., Fame

f. \%.; Dethayea, Enc.Mkh. Vers, iiL 944. n. \.; Bouchard,
MoU. Mar. 72. n. 125.; Potiex et Mich. Gal. Moll, de
i, i. B. n. I. ;Philippi,JEnum. MoU. Sic. 241. ti. I.;ir0rb.
. da Canar. 20. n. 4., C^kal. Acit. 260. n. 1., Seiches, t.

, 8. f. 1—3. t. 17. f. 12., Paliont. univ. t. 3. f. 1—5. t. 4. f.
h-ie^ Palimt. itrang. t. 3. f. 1—5. t. 4. f. 13—16. ; Canlraine,
mac. Noav. Mem. de Brur. xiiL 14. n. 1. ; D'Orbigny, MoU.
E. H Fot. i. 272. t. 13. f. 1—5. t. 13. f. 13—16. ■

b eomtaune Montfort, Buff, de Sonnin. Moll i. 171. H

IruKaia Sowdich's Elements of Conchology, t. 1. f. 1. ^|

iSehneider, Sammlung Verm. 108. ^

r. Atlantic Ocean, Coasts of Europe and Africa, Mediter-
rftnean.
m. Torbor, Devonshire, England, In spirits. 'EnsaenXei \ji
f ^B. Grimtb, Esq.

In spirits. Not good state.

Torbay. Egg. In spirits. Presented by J. E. C

Torbay. Toung, one day old In spirits. Presffl
J. R. Griffith, Esq,

? In spirits. Not good stats.

h. Shell. Adult. Dry. Const of England.
Shell. Adult. Dry. Malta. Fresentedby MIssE.Al

2. Sepia Eonxn.

^^~ Fins broad. Head smooth. The bucual niembraae pr
with five prominent lobes ; lower part thicker, fleahy, >
any lobes ; the loner bands not marked externally. I
arms elongate, nnequal ; order of length, 4, 3, 2, 1 ; vil
rows of cups fumtshed with rings armed with long acsts
on their border side. TentacuW arms with six row* of
the two middle rows composed of seren very lai^ cnj«,'
with, rings, with short teeth all round. Shell ovate,
wrinkled and tuberculated, thickened DndemeBth post!
with a short blunt beak, and a ver^ thick convex dk^
occupies all the extremity of the cavity.

Sepia Rouxii D'Orb. in Firusi. Ceph. Aeit. 271. n. 3., SA
19. i D'Orh. MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 290.

Hah. Bed Sea, Indian Ocean, Bombay.

a. Tunis, Africa. Adult. In spirits. Presented b

Louis Frazer.

b. The bone of a.

c. d. Tripoli, Africa, Toung. In spirtta. Presented

Ritchie, Esq.
e, f. The honea of e, d.
g, k, i. Tiie bones dry. Young.
j. Dalmatia. Young. In spirits. From Mr. Heekel'sl

A. The shell of >.

3. Sevim. Vicellius.
Blackish, smooth. Sessile arms thick ; lower rather lu^j
rather large, jn four regular aeries; rings entire. TaU
arms moderate; clubs moderate, slightly finned behinill
smaller than those of the sessile arms, in five rows, the i
six of those in the central line about treble the size, «'''
jiaas, very minutely and leaaWXj \j\a.tv\X'j toothed at
^^ SL^ oblong, rutlier otteanaXfii riw^e, SiaisiV

}

I. In spirits,
i. Its bone dij.

I. SbPI* HiEBBBDDi.

I ovate, depressed, rather tuberculate. Fins broad. Head
111 a beard on each eye. Ear with a longitudinal and a trans-
fte ridge. Seaaile arms thick, unequal; order of their lengtli,
8, 1,2; rings of cups nitb stnall t«etb. Tentacular anuB
{A Yery unequal cujk in six lines, the middle ones being very
ta; the rings entire. Animal broivn and yellow marbled,
pte-apotted, and with a series of six nhite lines on die
fM, Shell ovate, compressed, wriniled above, acuminated
leriorlj, rounded posteriorly, with a long curved beak ; the
■plate in all ages occupied half the cavity.
jHierredda Rarig, D'Orb. et Firms. Seiches, t. 13., Magaz.
Bool. 75. t. 100.; D'Orb. MolL det Camr. 21. n. fl., MoU.
MH Fo*. i. 278. ; D'Orb. el Ferass. C^k. Acit. 268. n. 2.,
Hm, t 13. t. 18.

|t. Atlantic Ocean, Coast of Airico, Cape of Good Hi^)e,
idofTeneriffe.

ff. Sefia i.i.TiiiABne.

f ovate, smooth, truncated in front, pointed behind. Fba
pow, blue-edged. Sessile arms slender, quadrangular, elon-
le, unequal; order of length, 4,3, 2, 1; with four rows of cups,-
tny rings with verj fine, close teeth. Tentacular arms dilated,
Rmgly pahnated, with five lines of cups, with six or eight very
he ones, having; their homy rings plaited on the edge. Shell
iW, rounded anteriorly, obtuse posteriorly, longly and
Blefy beaked.

i ladmanus Qaoy fc Gaim. Zool. Voy. Aitrol. ii. 68., Ail. MoB.
a f. 2. II. 1832 ; D'Orb. el Fhvis. Seiches, t. 12. f. 1—6. L
.f. 16, 17.(1839); D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Fos. 1291. _S

LBappiana Faws. PI. dea Seiches, n. 10. (1834). ^H

\b. Indian Ocean, Kew Guinea, and the Celebes. ^^|

\. SbPIA TDBBBCULiTA.

orate, tuberculated ; tubercles very unequal, divided into
)«■, Pins narrow. Head tuberculated on \.\\e \iOR)K,, %t&i»^
' i the Bjes, amooih below. Sessile aima sVort!, "'J"^^

^Mutf the

102 CATALOQVE OF CEPHALOPODA

unecjual ; length, 4, 3, 2, 1 ; with four rows of cups, i
by rings. Tentacular arms thickly clubbed, with fiv(
cups ; four of them much larger, with oUique, ent
Shell very depressed, ovate, nearly equally round at •
above smooth, and cartilaginous on the sides and ends
very concave.

Sepia tuberculata Lamck. Mem. Soc, Hist, Nat, Paris, i.
1 — 6., Hist, An. s. Vert, 2d edit, vii. 668. n. 2. ; Bosc,
Deterv, Vers, i. 45. ; MorUfort, Buff, de Sonnin. Moll
7. ; Blainv, Diet, Sc. Nat. Crypt, f. 2 — 6., Malacohg.
1. f. 2 — 6.; Deshayes, Eric, Meth, iii. 945. n. 2.; .
Feruss, Cephal, Acet. Seiches, t. 3 ter, t. 4 bis, t. 6. t,
— 15.; jyOrh, Paleont, univ, t, 3. f. 11., MoU, Viv.
281. t. 12. f. 11.

Sepia papillata QuoyA" Oaim, Voy, Ast. Zool, ii. 61. 1. 1
Ferass, et D'Orb. Ceph, Acet. Sepia, t, 3.

Sepia mamillata Leach, MS, ; Feruss, et D'Orb, Ceph, A
t. 4*.

Hab. Cape of Good Hope.

a. Shell of adult. Dry. Imperfect. Cape of Goo<

• 7. Sepia veemiculata.

Body ovate, smooth, acute anteriorly. Fins broad, lar
rated behind, dotted with red. Head large. Ses
shorty thick at their base, unequal ; length, 4, 3. 2, 1 ;
rows of cups, with entire rings. Tentacular arms c
very long; club flattened, with very numerous cups
ten larger than the rest, with entire rings. Shell oblc
bluntly beaked posteriorly.

Sepia vermiculata Quoy Sf Gaim. Voy. Ast, Moll, ii. (
1—5. (1832); UOrh. et Feruss. Ceph. Acet. Seiches
UOrh. Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 284.

S. Hierredda var. ? UOrh. 1. c. 285.

Hah. Cape of Good Hope.

8. Sepia Lefebeei.

Animal ? Shell ovate, oblong, rounded at

concentrically wrinkled above, nearly flat above,
gibbous and elevated in the middle beneath, with a
round.

/Sbpw Lefebrei Z>' Orh. Cephal. Acet, t. SL\. i. \— ^. V^^
muff. fc 4. f. 5—6., M6LL Vir>, et Fo8,\,^^^.\..\^.^.

SSPLLDiE: SEPIA. 103

Ked Sea.

efly differs from Z. gibbosa in the shell appearing to be
er.

K Sepia gibbosa.

al ? - Shell elongate, boat-shaped, rounded at each

I, gibbous beneath, obtuse.

gibbosa Ehrenberg^ SyrnbohB Phys. Sepia^ n. 2. ; UOrb,
ilL Viv. et Fos, i. 287.
. gibba D'Orb. 1. c. 288, 289.

(5. Red Sea.

10. Sepia apama.

lal ? Shell oblong, elongate; the posterior part

ich produced, subacute, with a strong callosity at the pos-
ior edge of the cavity. Apex blunt, rugose; anterior ex-
imity rounded, covered with strong cartilaginous side;
ntral portion rather convex.

i Australia.

a. Port Adelaide. Shell. Dry.

DSt like S. Lefebrei, but the posterior extremity is much more
aced and subacute, and the inner side of the central part is
t)iivex.

hq)8 of tentacular Arms in Jive or six Series^ svbequal^ moderate^

sized,

f Shell oblong,

II. Sepia Lycidas.

oal ? Sessile arms with four series of rather lar^e

ual cups. Tentacular arms elongate : club distinct, slightly
ined behind, with five series of cups ; those of the middle
the arms equal-sized, nearly the size of those on the sessile
ms; of the lower and upper end smaller. Shell oblong,
ther elongate ; slightly produced above ; narrowed, produced,
id rounded behind. Apex blunt; cavity with a strong,
ised, rounded ridge on each side behind; disk convex,
ith a broad central concavity extending nearly the whole
Dgth.

a. Animal salted, from Canton market. Fxe^eiitj^db^ T.lAV|^

Esq.
J- Tbe^sbell (dry, rather broken) from a.

P 4 '

104 CATALOGUa OF cmbhalouxxu.

tt Shell elongate^

12. SSPIA BsBTHBLOn.

Bodjr oblong, domgated, subcjlindrical, smooth, blimt bdua
pointed in front. Fins narrow, broader behind. Ban i
Sessile arms long, slender, unequal ; order of length, 4, 3,
cups in four rows, equal-sized. Tentacular arms loi^, d
finned ; cups in five rows, the central one largest,' wnh o
rin^ toothed all round. Shell elongate, yery narrow,
wrmkled above, acuminated in front, and with a long
beak, and wings on the side, behind. — Purplish, witih<
'psde spot on the side.

9epia Bertheloti D'Orh. 8r Finus. Mow^. des CSpk, AcH, t
23. 1835 ; D'Qrb. MoU. des Canar. 21. n. 6. 1. 11., MoO.
Foi. i. 277.

Sab. Atlantic Ocean, Tenerifie.

13. Sepia flangon.

Body oblong. Fins narrow, pale. Back of mantle much pr
in front. Sessile arms rather thick ; cups small, distant, i
rows. Tentacular arms slightly clayate, with a few verj
subequal cups. Shell elongate, narrow, dilated behind,
elongated, acute, recurved; cavity concave behind, ^
strong, shelly, diverging ridge on each side, with a wide
groove.

a. Port Jackson. In spirits. Dr. J. Robertson, Ai

Expedition.

b. The snell of a. dry.

c. Australia. Shell. Dry. Presented by A. Sinclair,

R.N.

Shell most like S, Orbignyantts, but the inner part has i
ridges.

3* Tentacular Arms with unequal-sized Cups placed in ten S

14. Sepia Savignii.

Body ovate, oblong ; back with triangular beards, forming

on the sides ; smooth below. Fins broad, as long as th(

equal. Sessile arms thick, very unequal ; order of lengl

2, 1 ; rings of cups toothed. Tentacular arms clubbed, i

lines of cups, those of t\ietwoTDi^^^\vaft"^\Kc^<a^^lth

rings. SheU ?

•lA. 105

ft officinalis Andouin, Expl. Somm. des PI. iTEgypt, t. 5. t. 1.

3. 1827.

a Savignji Blaimi. Did. des Sc. Nat. xlviii, 285. 1827;

"Orb. et Fenas. Cipbal. AcH. Seiches, t. 4,; D'Orb. MoB.

IP. et Fos. i. 287.

a Savigniana Feras». Seiches, t. 4. 1828.

a PharaoDia Ehreriberg, Sywh. Pkyg. An. Mollusc. CiphaL

ipiacea, n. 1. 1831.

. Red Sea.

r«niacuiar Arms Jirmed,

placed in eight

■f Shell very narrow behind. fl

IS. Sepia aculeata. V

f ovate, rounded, smooth, rather pointed behind. Fins broa^^^
ick, commencing rather behind the front edge. Seaaile anna
iDgate, unequal ; order of length, 4, 3, 2, 1 ; cups globular, in
ur seriea, with rmga minutely toothed all round. Tentacular
ma with verj am all cups in ten or twelve lines, with distant
ute teeth on the ring. Shell ovate, oblong, tubercularly
rinkled, depressed, rounded at the ends, and with a long,
raight, acute beak, convex beneath in front, and concave

ft aculeata Fan Haiielt, MS. ; D'Orb. et Femst. Ceph. Aeet.
riehei, t. 5. bis, t. 25. ; D'Orb. MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 296.
. luiiUaa Ocean, •Tava.

I6> Sepia R.itt ki.t.jbh .

nal ? Shell elongated, very narrow, depressed,

uch Bjched behind, prolonged and acuminated in iront;
aulcated above ; one-nbbed lougitudinallj, poateriorlj ; con-

. Neighbourhood of Bochelle, &c. Ireland? Ball, 1839.

17, Sbpia elohoata. I

Shell vary elongated, narrow, pointed i.

Dnt, enlarged behind, and provided with a wing-like espan

id a long acute beak, rugose above, with a ir-s-' ' ■•■"

b| rwoJen beneath, gtbboua in the ceatxe.

106 CATALOOVB OF CBPHALOPODA.

•

Sepia elongata UOrh, Sr FSnus. C^haL AcSL Seidifii, t
7—10. 1339, shell ; D'Orb. Paleont. univ. t. 4. £ 7—10.
Paleont, etrang, t. 4. f. 7—10. shell, MoU. Ftp. et Foi, I '
13. f. 7—10. shell.

Hob. Red Sea.

18. Sepia Sinope.

Animal ? Bone elongate, sublanceolate ; back

slightly concentrically wrinkled, with two deep grooves in
side of the centre of the back ; rather tapering at the ~
part ; apex imperfect.

Sepia australis Quoy 8f Oaim, ? Fertus, Cephal. Acet. Sepia^ i
f. 9. sheU (not D'Orb.).

a, China. Bone. Dry, Imperfect.

ff SheU oblong, posterior end expanded, prodtuxd, cartUagimMi^

b^akedj convex beneath, — Sepiella.

19. Sepia obnata.

Body ovatCy elongated, very smooth, brown, spotted with
Fms very broad, broader behind. Ears with broad tMck
Sessile arms thick, short, unequal; length, 4, 3, 1, 2; ciq#
four rows ; rings oblique, smooth on the narrow, and with
unequal teeth on the broad edge. Tentacular arms lancedjft
with very small close cups of equal size in eight or ten liB«
with toothed rings. Shell oblong, elongate, straight, compreaarf
wrinkled above, obtuse anteriorly, winged posteriorly.

Sepia ornata Rang, Magas. de Zool. 1837, 76. t. 101. ; D^M- <
Fertiss. Cephal, Acet. t. 22. ; jyOrb, Paleont, univ, t. 3. f 12.
4. f. 1, 2., Paleont. Strang, t. 3. f. 12. t. 4. f. 1, 2., MoU, Fit.
Fo8. i. 280. t. 12. f. 12. club of tentacle, t. 13. f. 1, 2. shell.

Hob, Coasts of Africa, at Groree, Senegal, &c.

20. Sepia sinensis.

Body oblong, elongate, smooth, narrow, blunt behind. Fins m
row, rather wider behind, beginning behind the front ed;
Sessile arms with four series of small cups. Tentacular ar
rather short, slender, without any distinct club ; slightly i
pressed at the top externally; cups very minute or entir
wanting. Shell oblong, elongate, straight, rounded in £ro
hinder end3 not beaked above, ex^9ji<i<&^ «si<i i^roduced iiilf
cartilage behind \ convex bexieat^.

Inamis ffasseS, MS. ; Feruasae, Cepk. Acit. t 6 *. not t. 20.
t; D-Orb. Moll. Fir. et Fot. L 29S.

sineusia D'Orb. Ciph. Aek. Seiches, t. 9. t. 1, 2. 1B39, trom
iuew dmwing, MoU. Viv. el Fas. i. 299.
'tse-tn, Flncyclapedie Japonaise.

I. China, in spirits. Fresented bj B. Ciird, Esq.
p. ThesheUofa.

', d. Anim al-ii Salted specimena, as sold in Cimton market.

Presented by Tradesuant Lay, Esq.
!,/. Tlie shell of c. and d.

II. Sbpu. uicbocheuds.
rounded behind. BDOtted with i

=*•

IS short, trian^lar, uaequal; order of Imigtb,
J, 1, 2 ; cupfl in four rows ; niigs entire on the narrow, and
TOW teeth on tlie broad edge. Tentacular arms lanceolate ;
» exceeding]; small, eqim-sized, in ten or twelve aeries.
id ovate, oblong, wrinkled, ueuminate in &ont, narrow and
mded behind ; wnvex above, cartili^inous underneath, and
Mnded into two wings behind ; beneath with a strong central

. microcheirua Oray, Srit. Mus. 1830.

, inermia Hasaelt, MS. fide D'Orb. et Fenus. Ciph. Ae&.
«Je», t. 20. f. 1—9. 1839, not t. 6, ; D'Orb. Pal&mt. imiu. t. 3.
1, 10., Palaml. itnaig. t. 3, f. 9, 10., MoU. Vis. et Fot. I 295.
.2, f. 9, 10. ring of cup.

I. India. Toung. In spirits. Presented by Genera! Hard-

i. The shell of a. dry.

I. India. Young. In spirits,

/. The shell of c. dry.

r. India. Toung.

': ThesheUofe.dry.

J. India. ? In spirits. Frcseutcd by Mr. John LcadbeiLter,

i. The slieli of jf. in n bud condition. In spirits.
. India, Very young. In spirits, Presenl<;d by General
Eardwicke.

ttt Shell oblong, Tomuled behind, beaked
tS. Sotia bostbata.

■ thick, ronuded, narrow before, obtuse tc¥\ai. 'E■Hl4•Ca\0s.^
vpwia &0Dt, dilated jbdiind. Sessile sima d»ittB>Xft,<^«a&g^

I

uneiiual ; order of length, 4, 3, 2, 1 ; cups Gpberical, «
smalt Btoooth- edged rings. Tentacular nrma lanceols
Terj small numerous equal-sized cups in many tines, i
toothless rings. Shell ovate, oblong, tttbercularly i
depressed, broader in the middle, narrow behind, and t
with an elongated compressed beak beneath ; convex
concave and with a diaphragm behind.
lepia rostrata J)' Orbigng, Civhtd. Acel. Seickes, t, S. f. G
29. 1839, PdloiU. vniv. §■ Paleont. Strang, t. 4. f. 11, 1
Via. et Foa. i, 293. t. 13, f. II, 12. shell.

Ca6- Indian Ocean, Bombay, Cejlon, and New Holtaud.
In this and in several of M-D'Orbignv's descriptions, tb

and Latin versions differ. I have t^en the Freneh a& be

probably the correct one.

23. Sepia indica.
Body short, round, smooth. Fins thick, narroir, broadei
Sessile arms short, unequal ; order of length, 4> 3, 1.
hemispherical. Tentacular arms very long, slender; c
amall, eqnol-sixed, in ten or twelve series. Shell ovab
wrinkled, acuminate at each end, shortly beaked behin
thick coiiveK diaphragm behind beneath.
Septa Blainvillei D'Orb. &• Fermi. Ciph. Acel. t. 21.

Desh. 1837 ; D'Orb. Moll. Viv. el Fos. i. 295.
■ Sepia indicai)'0/-6.Jlfofl. Viv. et Fos. i. 2m. 1845.
P S. australis D'Orb. Ciphal Acei. Sepia, t. 7. f. 4. bone<

MoU. Via. et Foi. i. 294. not Quoy.
'Hab, Bombay, New Holland.

a. Cape Upstart, Australia. In spirits. Presented
Jukes, Esq.

Animal ? Bone oblong, the hinder extremitf

rather produced, shelly, with a slight thickening wiu
blunt, rather produced, inner surface suddenly thici
apper half convex, with a slight central depreagiMi.^—

Sab. China. jB

a. China. Shell. Dry. fl

25. Sbpu Mestcs. B

Animal ? Bone oblong, rounded behind; ci

row behind, rapidly -nidemng t^em^wie iMtaQ-jiai'j-, *
£aUd, acute, f ecurved, liieUy-

•uUe Armn with equal, small Cups. 3^e upper Pair witk two
How! of Cups.

S6. Setu elegane.

orate, oblong, elongate, Bmooth, acuminated anteriorly. Fina
■J naiTotr. Head smooth. Sessile arms ehort, unequal ; length,
S, 1, 2 ; cupB Bphericiil, oblique, in two rowa on the doraal
r and the baae of the other, and ia four rowa on their ends,
I second and miiidle rows of the latter larger. Tentacular
oa long, with Bve series of small cups and three much larger
!9 ; with the rings rather oblique and toothed. Shell eton-
wd, arphed behind, very narrow, winged and pointed in
nt, very narrow and winged i>ebmd, with a medial crest
ternally.

i elegans D'Ori. Tab. MHk. Seiches, t. 8. f. 1—5. 1826;
tua. Bid. Sc. Nat. xlviii. 2B4., Fame Franq. 19. ; Rang, Mag.
Zool. 1337, 74, t. 99. ; D'Orb. et Ferutt. CSph. Aek. Seiches, t.

f. 1—3. I. 27. f. 3—6. i D'Orb. PdioiU. untv. t. 3. f. 6—8.,

iiont. itrang. t. 3„ Moll. Yin. et Fo3. i. 285. t. 12. f. 6—8.

lb. Mediterranean, Messina, Adriatic^ Malaga, and Coast of

37. Sepia Obbiontana.

r oblong, elongated, smooth. Tins narrow, thin. Head
rj large. Sessde arms short, triangular, unequal ; order of
igth, 1, 4, 3, 2 ; cups subspherieal, in two rows on the base of
e three upper pairs, and four on the ventral pair ; homy rings
tire. Tentacular arms slender ; club lanceolate ; cups in five
les, with five or six very large ones in the middle line. Shell
mgated, grooved above, granular ; narrow and acuminated
front; narrowed, thin, rounded, and with an elongated re-
rred beak behind. — Head and bock violet, beneath white,
t Orbignvana Firuss. D'Orb. Tab. Mith. des Ciph. 66. 1826,
IR. Se. Nat. 1826; Blainv. Faune Frang. 19.; D'Orb. et
inu*. C^hal. Acet. Seiches, t. 5. t. 27, f I, 2.; D'Orb.
tUtnU. miv. t. 4. f. 3, 4., Faleont. etrang. t. 4. f. 3, 4., Moll,
'm. et Fo*. i- an. t. 13. f. 3, 4.

, AtUntio Oceaa and Mediterranean, Naples.

110 CATALOGUB OV COBPHAMXrODA.

Sessile Arms provided with very tmeqmaUsized Opf
one largest Shell narro we d bekM.

28. Sepia cafensis.

Body ovate, oblong, smooih. Fins dilated bdiind. S
short, strong ; caps spherical, pedunded, rery xmeai
the middle one largest. Tentacular arms scared]
cups slightly oblique, in three series, the middle
three much largest, and with the rings toothed oi
edfie. Shell much depressed, oblong, ehmgate, en]
pomted in front, ti^)enng, thin, yery obtuse, and wit
projecting beak behmd.

Sepia capensis UOrh, Taib. MM. C^ah, Seiches^ t
1826, Mi^. Viv. et Fos. i. 283. ; D'Orb. et Firuss. (
t 7. f. 1—3. t. 12. f. 7—11. t 17. f. 18, 19.

Sepia australis Qwfy ^ Chinu Voy, AsL ZooL 70. t
1832, not D'Orb. 1826.

Hob, Cape of Good Hope.

Yar. Shell larger, scarcely so arched and with m
spine than in M. D'Orblgny's figure. Perhaps a distin<

a, Sydney. Shell. Dry. Presented by J. Edv

R.N.

b, Australia. Shell. Dry. Presented by A. Sin<

R.N.

4 § Doubtful Recent Species.

29. Sepia mccbonata.

Sepia mucronata Rafin. Precis des Decouv. SomioL
jyOrh, MolL Viv, et Fos. i. 299.

Hob. Sicily. Perhaps this is the S. elegans.

30. Sepia Antillabum.

Sepia Antillarum D'Orb. Moll, des AntiUes, L 33. n. 8.

Viv. et Fos. i. 300.
Sepia Broum, Nat. Hist, of Jamaica^ 386.

Bjaib. Jamaica.

5 § Fossil Species.

* Tertiary^ Paris Basin.

31. Sepia sepioidea.

iSiieU thick, narrow behind*, beak t>bick^ elongate, a<
lamina thick, reflexed, deepV^ xad^Xft^ e.^^ Vv^*^
caUoaity deeply rugose.

bbfiaD/E: SEriA. Ill

iard, Mim. t. 2. f. 30.

le Seiche Camer, Arm. Sei. Nat. ii. 482, t. 23. f. 1, 2. 1B24,

»ptera Sepioidea Blainji. Malae. mid. 621. t. 7. 1825., Mim.

'demn. 110. t. 1. f. 2.

Ia Cuvieri IXOrb. Tab. Cephal. G7. 1825 ; Oaleotti, Mem. del

Vw6. 140. 1837 i Desh. Fog. Paris, 758. t. 101. f. 7, 8, 9.

teepia Cuvieri Volti, Jahrb. 410. 1830 ; D'Orb. Ami. Sci. Nal.

»TLt 11. f. 11. 13. 1842.

la longiapina Deah. Foi. Birrs, 7S7. t. 101. f. 4, 5, 6. 1837.

MMiroatrifl Deih. F. P. 757. t. 101. f. 10, 11. 12. 1837.

llJiiyiHii Senh. F. P. 757. 1 101. f. 13, 14, 15, 1837.

lepioidea JD'Orb. Sr Finixs. Ceph. AcH. Sepia, t. 3, f. 5. t. 14.

4—12. L 16. 1". 7. 9. ; D'Orb. Faliont. univ. t. 7. f. 4. 8., MoU.
n. tt Fos. i. 269.
. Paris Basin.

a. End of alicll aad beak. Puria. Presented by J. E. Groj,
Esq.

^32. Sefia compressa.

r extremity very mucli compressed laterally; beak
c, scute, recurved, lower plate short ; lower callosity narrow,
inent ; cavity slender, deep, marked with arched strlffl.

a Blaine. Bdevai. 110. t. 4. f. 10. 1837.

U Detraiioii Desk. Fai. Paris, 759. t. 101. f. 1. 3. 1837.

ta compresBaD'OrS. ^ Feruss. Ceph. Acet. Sepia, t. 16. f. 4. 6,

M9; D-Ori. Faleont. vniv. t. 7. f. 1. 3., MoU. Viv. et Fan. i.

n.

> Foria Basin.

" Upper Oxford Clay.
33. Sepia t

J

elongate, depressed, hastate, ornamented with longituf _.
DM of wiBe tnberelefi, attenuated in front, dilated behind, sides
mged and blunt.
CuMT, Samml. i. t. 22. f. 2.?

tAhastXiaxMis Ruppdl, Abbild. Besch. 9. t.3. f, 2. 1829; iJ'OrS.
! Firau. Ctph. Aeet. Seiches, t. IG. f. 1, 2.; D'Orb. Pidimt.
nio. t. 6. f. 4. 6„ Moll. Vie. et Foi. 26S.
. Lithographic Stone, Soleohofen.
34. Sepia caubata.
U elongate, with transverse lines of large tubcicVes, aWjeQ.\w&R.4
mlfnSueed la &out, difsced and niiiged beluiui. ,,

112 CATALOGHB OF CBPHAXOPODi.

Sepia caudata Mtouter, Taschenb. 2S2. 1837; Feruti.

Ciphal. Acit. Sepia, t. 15. f. 1, 2. ; D'Orb. Paleord. m

1. 3., Moll. ViB. et Fos. i. 267.
S. hastifonnia (ndult) D'Orh. 1. o. 267. f
Foi. Oxford Clay.

35. Sepia antiqua.

Steil depressed, with concentric lines of very amall
attenuated in trout ; dilated, winged, and pointed behi

Sepia antiqua Jtfuwter, Taackeni. 252. 1837 ; D'Ori.
Ceph. Acit. Sepia, t. 14. t. I, 2. ; D'Orb. PaleoiU. am
3^ Moll, Viv. et Fo4. i. 266.

Fat. Lithograpliio Stone, Solenhofen.

36. SbPIA LIKGUIJlTl,

Sepia lingulata Mmister, TascherA. 232. 1827 j D'Orb. C
t. 14, f. 3. t. 15, f 4, 5. t. 16. f. 2, 1839, PiiUont. mit-
6., MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 268.

Sepia obacura Munster, 1. c. 232.

S. leguloris Mumter, 1. c. 252.

S. graralis JWuJwfer, I. c. 252.

Fos. Solenhofen.

37. Sepia vendsta.
Shell ovate, compresaod, transversely striated ; subangulo

tbree-lobed and slightly winged behind.
Sepiolithea ventmtus Minuter, MS.
Sepia Tenustft Munster, Taschenb. 252. 1837; D'Orb. ■

C^k. Acel. t. 15. f. 6. 1837; D'Orb. Paleoat. unis.-

MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 268.
Pot. Solenhofen.

tl^ — I

Suborder III. Belemnofhora, ^^|

U calcareous, mternnJ, chambered; chamber trBTersed by ^^^

iphon.

ilu]. Fokmaxia Spirularia Rajia. Aiml. Nat. 141. 1815.

ihal. Spiriformia and Belemnomorpha Br<mn, Gesck. der Nat. ui.

36. ^—

Fam. Vn. LITUID^.

ifc fobc^lindrical, oblong, end rounded ; sometimes furnished

ntb a thickened belt, itnd vrith a small semilunate flesh; fin on

jkeh aide. Mantle free all round, cartilage on the inner side

t the ventral eurffice linear.

n covered with the skin, with a lower ejelid. Buccal mem-

iwne without cups.

ni. Sessile arms triangular, tapering \ cups numerous, equi-

liatant, very small, slight); pediceled in six longitudinal aenes.

Tentacular arms elongate, peduncled, cjlindrical ; club ?

Kkncie conical, with an apical valve.

S intemoil, shell;, spiral, placed symmetrically at the hinder

i«rt of the body, the last chamber being in the central line of

lie back ; chambered, the chambers furnished with a siphon, the

Ut chamber onl; lai^ enough to contain a very small part of

he animal.

rulidiE Owen, Trana. Zool. Soc. ii. 1856; D'Orb. Moll. Vie. 4

Km. i. 160. 306. 1845.

uidie Gray, Proe. Zonl. Sac. 1847, 205.

inilaria (pars) RaSn. Anal. Nat. 141. 1815.

jiscea (para) DfA. Ency. Mith. iii.

[liadce (pars) Gcinitx, Grand der Veril. 261. 1845.

iriformia Bronn, Geack. de Nat, iii. 535.

Sj/Tiapsii of Genera.
A. Shell thin, apex not coated.

!' '.it *

<-f

A. Shell thin; apex hooked, not enveloped in a thickene

Coat. — Recent.

1. LITUUS.

Body oblong, rather compressed. Mantle free, upper
cated, with a projection of the margin on the middle of
and one on each side of the siphuncle on the ventral si
two, small, caudal on the side of the extremity of the b;
of the body sometimes furnished with a central, rounc
ened belt, with a central rounded cavity. — Head ra
pressed ; eyes large, covered with the skin. — Ses
triangular, tapering, rounded externally ; cups numer
distant, very small, slightly pediceled, in six longitudii
||1I#^!'| rings entire, or very minute, denticulated; third a

lJ-';if| shortly webbed, the rest free. Tentacular arms

^■MM cylindrical; club ?. — Siphuncle with

lii^ '1' valve. — Shell calcareous, cylindrical, conical, tapering

^iiliiiiil ^^ *^® same plane, the whorls separate from each oU

bered. Septa concave outwards, with a shelly funi

;;iJ:]::j: J? bered. Septa concave outwards, with a shelly funi

yyii<;i»l; siphon on the inner or most curved side, traversing

Ipjf. j;S without communicating with each other. Last chaml

?l|j|Nji' the largest; the nucleus, or first-formed chamber,

* l«"Jr i swollen, embedded, placed symmetrically, the larger poi

.1^ kind of Rn on each side. It has been suggested that this

»y depend on the sex of the specimens. De Blaioville's specimen

%a a feniale, but the ses of the others is unknown.

ituus Urovm, Jam. 1756 ; Humph. MS. 1797.

□amoaia Gualtieri, 1742; Breyn, Polyth. 17 .

adnm Bianph. Mas. CaUm. 1797, sot Lam.

rinila Lamck. Syst. 1801, Hist. ed. 2. x\. 280.; Blaim: Atial.

.^rmu;. et elrang. Anal, et Fhys. i. 369. t. 1837; Oray .^'"'- '"^

Mag. N. Hist. xt. 257. 234. 445. t. ; D'Orb. MoU. Vie. et Foi. i.

314. ; Owen, Zool. H. M. S. Samarang, 1848.

^imla a. BMm. Maine. 1825 ; not ft and e.

pindiea Peran §■ LeSueur.

^rnu AminoniB Rumph.

Mutilus ap. Litter, 1685.

jCBw following names have been applicil to the ShclU of this

RMu, but it ia impiisaible to determine to which of the species

[.Ibej are distinct) the names belong ; —

btilus exiguus Lister, Hist, sine Syn. lib. W. t. 650, f. 2.

Bnu Ammonis Rumph. Thetaur. t. 20. d. 1.

Bbq Hamoionia ]en;ttimua Klein, Oitrac. 5. sp. 1. t. 1. n. 6.

Hnn Eonnnouis Give, MomU. Belast. ou Essais Vercst. t. 3. f. 8. ;

UfoHini, Conch. Cab. i. 274. t. 18. f. 1.

Rwu minor frown, Nal. Hist. Jamaica, 398.

Rotilns spirula Linne, Syst. iVof. 1767 ; Schrater, Einlettimg, i.

H'S.; Omel. Stjit. Nat. 3371. d. 9.; Schreber, VeriiKh. i. 1.;

ISaivoiB, ElemaiU of ConchoL t. 12, f. 3.

bfrula fragilis Lamch. Si/tt. dei An. i. Vert. 102.; Boic, Hist.

Hftt rfw Cog. T, t. S2. f. 3, 3. ; Soissi/, Buff, de Sonnin. v. 15. ;

IJftmtfort, Conch. Sjit. 99. ; Sohtimach. Vera. test. 256. ; JD'Orb.

ljKb& des Antilles, i. 64. n. 16., Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 315. t. 16.

pirnlA auatralis Johmt. Edin. Jovm. April, 1S28, p. 74.

lirula Peronii Lamarck. Hist. An. s. VerL vii. 601. n. 1. ; D'Orb.

iTab. des Cepk. 68., MoU. dee Canaries, 24. n. 8.; BhinmHe,

FaWK Prang. 22. t. 3. n. f. 1.; Sowerly, Genera of SheUs;

Bhinn. Nouv. An. du Mini. 'in. 18. 1. 1. ; Cuirier, Eigne Anim. t.

8. f. 1.; Patiez et Mich. GaU. da MoU. i. ^. d. 1.; Ileeoe, Conch.
^sLil29G. t. 298.

Tit poilerinr Part of the Body tinthmit any ring, and the last
Whorls of the SheU eirposed.— Males * — Sititula.

I. LlTClS

■, cop, Gray,\- c.\..'\.&''i--^

l-i K

V

t

II

■ 1

! I

116 CATALOGUE OF CEPHAIiOPObA.

Spirilla australis Lamck, JEncy, Meth. t. 465. f. 5. 18-
Gray, 1. c. xv. t. 15. f. 5. ; UOrh, Moll, Viv. et Fos, 1 1

Spirilla Peronii Lamck, Hist. Anim, s. V. vii. 601.?; (
Adams, Zool, Voy, Samarang, MoU, 13. 15. t. 4. f. 1. 4
11, 12, 13, 14, 15.

Hah, Australia?

*• The posterior Part of the Body furnished with a circtil
covering and concealing the Shell, and vcith semicircular
appendages on each Side. — Lituus.

2. Lituus l^vis.
Mantle smooth.

Spirilla ? Gray, Ann, Nat, Hist. xv. 257. f. 5. f

445.
Spirula Peronii ? Reeve, Elem. Conch. 16. t. A. f. a. d. b

(not Lamck.),
Spirula australis Owen, in Adams, Zool. Voy, Samarang, J1

13. t. 4. f. 2. 8. 1848, not Lamck.

Hah. New Zealand. Mus. Mr. Cuming.

3. Lituus vulgaris.

Mantle pitted with close-set angular depressions, giving i
marked, reticulated character ; disk and appendages sm

Spirula vulgaris Leach, MS, 1817; Leach, Tiickey, Voi

append.
Spirula ? Blainville, Ann. Franq. et Strang. Am

i. 369. t. ? 1837, cop. Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. t. 4

cop. D'Orh. Moll. Viv. et Fos. t. 16. f. 3. 12.
Spirula reticulata Owen, in Adams, Zool, Voy. Samarar

13. t. 4. f. 3. 9, 10.

Hah, Timor.

a. Africa. Skin of the body and shell. In spirits. I
by J. Cranch, Esq., Congo Expedition.

B. Shell apex enveloped in a thickened laminal Coat,

hehind. — Fossil.

2. SPIRULIROSTRA.

Anim/il ? only known fossil. — Shell calcar

volute on the same plane, the vihole separate from es

cAam bared. Septa transverse,* eoTic^N^, ^'vCo. \\. iv^Jas

inner or arched side. S\ieWy case eoNeTvcv« >(W -«\

ell, rather produced on each aide in front, and prcduced be-
' ' to an ncute conicnl tnil, leaving a amoll concavitj over
in &ont of the arch of the whorls.

1. Sfikclibostba Bell&bdq.

ulirostra Bellurdii D'Orh. Ann. Sci. Nat. xvii. 302. t. 11. J^

U MoU. Viv. el Fas. i. 312. t. 15. J

Middle Tertiarj, Turin. H

3. BELOPTEEA. U

lal P only known fossil. — SAeU calcareous,

tnical, Btraight, or slightlj curved, chambered; chambers pierced,
ith a siphon on the — — ? edge. Enrelopini: case elongate, sub-

lindricol in front, and sometimes winged on the aides, ending
■ 1 blunt beak at the hinder end.
-Lower Tertiary fonnationa.

Bptera Deahaijea, MS, Eney. Meth. ii. 135. 1830, in Lamck.
at li. 243. ; Deah. MS. in Slninv. Malac. Svpp. 621. t. 11. f.
. 1825, Mint. Belemn. 3. f. 3. 1827 ; Soto. Min. Fos. L 391. ;
^Orh.etFervts.Cephal.Ack.t.Z.t.1. 2. t.2\.{.n,\2.mi^,
M. Vie. et Fos. i. 308.

Ii species VOrb. ^ Firms. Tab. Melh. Ciph. 67. 1B25.
ia (subgeniw) Omi/, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 203.

• Lalcral Expanmona distinct.

1. BeLOPTEBA BELEMHlToiDEA. ,

1 oval, oblong, curved, expanded on the sides ; above convex,
meath concave ; ijeak blunt, straight.

ptera buleiunitoidea Bhinv. Malac. Supp, 621. t. II. f. S.
125 i Dal. Sci. Nat. xl. viii. 290. t. 20- f. 8. ; Desh. E. M. ii.
5., Fos. Parii, 762. t. c. f. 4, 5, 6. ; DOrb. MoU. Viv. et Fot.
608. t. 14. f. 1. 4.

ptere Deehayes Slaitiv. Belemn, t. I. f. 3.
% Parieiensia D'Orb. §- Fenus. Tab. Ceph. 67. 1823, Am. Set.
at. ii. 482. vii. 57.

ptera Porisiensis D'Orb. Gray, P. Z. Soc. 1847, 205.
t de Poisson GW(. Mim. v. t. 2. f. 1 1, 12.
ptera Belemnoidea Blamv.
w. Paris Batiin.

B. Adul^ with lor^ wio^-like expansion snti i«it^ cxTft^-
Fvis. Freseated by J. E. Gray, '£jk\.

118 CATALOGUB 01* CBPHAIAPOaiA*

h. Broken, or joung ? Wings ye^ dighthr expanded
thin, and cayity very simiU, sludlow. raris. Pre
by J. E. Gray, Esq.

** Lateral Expansion none.

2. BSLOFTEBA LeYESQITEI.

Shell oblong, elongate, arched, narrow, cylindrical ; three-
in front ; beaked, blunt, and striated behind.

Beloptera Levesqaei UOrh. et Finus. CSph. Acit, t. 20. f. ]
D^Orb. MolL Viv. et Fos. L 307. 1 11. f. 5. 7.

Fos. Paris Basin.

3. Beloftesa aitomaxa.

Shell oblong, elongate, depressed, arched, concave, with t
verged ridges above, behind blunt.

Beloptera anomala Sow* Min, Conch, vi. 184. t. 591. f. 2.
UOrh, Moll, Viv. et Fos. i. 309. t. 14. f. 8. 10.

Fos. London Clay.

FAM.VIIL BELEMNITID^.

Animal elongated ■ ? only known fossil.

SkeU internal, (homy or) calcareous ; the apex conical, chan
Chambers concave, simple, pierced with a marginal sipi
the ventral side ; sometimes covered externally with con
layers, forming a more or less elongate, subcylindrical,
style.

Belemnitidse Owen, Trans. Zool. Sac. ii. 1836 ; D^Orb, Mo

et Fos. i. 443. 1845.
OnychoteuthidsB (pars) Gray, P. Z. Sac. 1847, 206.
Cephalopodes polythalines (pars) Lamck, Hist. ed. 2. xi. 268
Belemnomorpha jBronn, Qesch. der Nat. iii. 536.

Synopsis of the Genera.

A. SheU conical, naked, not covered with any externally de^

Coat.

1, CoNOTEvrras. SheU wVtla aUoik^ VsYi%\\M'duMl keel c
middle of the back.

meal, covered teith aa exlmmUy deposited Coat, fon
a more or leiM eloagaied cylindrical StyU.

a. External Coat thin.

b. External Coat forming an elongate Style.
NoCAMAs. The conica] cavity in tlie gtvle witli an elon- J
al«(l longitudinal fiasure on the lower side.
MNiTEs. The corneal cavity in the style with au entile ■
dge and no longitudinal figure.

I. CONOTEUTHIS. _

? — Shell. Cone broad, rapidly enlargbg, thii),|^|

■, smooth, marked with very sljoht rather oblique conceniJ^^
ines of growlh, uot covered with any externally dcposited^^H
'sous coat, with a well marked strong longitudinal keel on
liddle of the back (probably produced laia a alcnder elon-

dorsal style). Septa transverBe smooth.

.this D'Orb. An. Sd. Nat. svii. 1. 12. f. 1. 5. 1842, Falioid.

t. 30., FidioBi. Franq. t. 1. supp., Moll. Vis. et Fos. i. 444.

; Deih. in Lamck. Hist, 240.

COKOTBUTHIS DuPIHIiNCB.

ithis DapinianuaD'Ori. .dn. Sci.Nat. sin. t.
nt. utiiv. t. 30., Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 444. t. 32.

I conical, thin, covered with a more or less thick externally
deposited Coat.

a. Outer Coat thin, merely covering the Shell.

2. BELEMNOTEUTHIS.

elongtite, subcylindricaL Fins lutcrul, rounded. Anns,^
B and pcdunelcd, armed with two soriea of hooka (cind round

1 and pcu
>). — ihei

I
J

mal, conical, thin, elongate, aubcylindrical ;
conical, cbaiuliereii ; flepla concave, even edged. S^^^om,
tbo edge of the septa, liie conical upper ^KCt. catena «x.-

t«mally with a thin exteroallj deposited coat, Mhicli

thumer above the apex ; apes with two ridges on f

those of one surfiu^e ("the dorsal," JUauieii) parallel, and

(ventral ?) rather diverging above.
Belemnoteuthis Pearce, Proe. Geol. Soc. 1843s "■ 593t A

Hut. 1842, ix. 578.
Belemniteuthis Gray, Froc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 206.; t'l

Lcmdon Geol. Jour. i. 1B47, 98, 99. t. 15. 16. ; Mm

Tnms. 1848, 173.
Belenmite (animal ajid phragmocone) Owen, Phil. Tram.

D'Orhigny, MoU. Viv. et Fog. i. t, 28. from Owen.

Dr.Mantell, in his restoration of this genus {Phil. Trm
14.f. 3, 4.), seems to have OTerlooked the fact that the u
of die ahell appears, ae figured by Messrs. Owen and Cii
to be sttbcjlindrical, like the upper part of the cone of tl

1. BHi^mnoTBUTBii AHTianra.
Belemnoteuthia Pearce, Proc. Oeol. Soe. 1842, iL 393., .

But. 1842.
Beiemnoteuthia antiquus Cunning^an, Land. Geol. Joiir.

IS, 16. ; MaiUeU, Phil. Trans. 1848, ITS. t. 13. f. 2, ;

i. 1. ? 3, 4. t. 15. f. 5.
Belemnitea Owenii (pars) Pratt, MS. ; Oioen, Trajis.

1944, 83. t. 2, f. 6, 7, 8. (not t. S.) t. 3. t. 4. f. I. t. 3-

f 4. _

Belemnoaepia de Chippenham Chemt, JLe^u Elim. H.

760. 1847, from Owen,
Belemnitea Foiozionus (pars) D'Orb. Moll. Viv. et Foi

28. from Owen (t. 29, 30. theoretical).
FtH, Oxford Clay, Wiltshire.

a. Foaail. The c

lection.
\ The lower part of the Bhell only. Wiltahire.

b. Outer Coai produced, forming a gubci/lindrical exlen

3. ACTINOCAMAX.

,d»imoZ unknown. — Cone P; llie externally depo

iritb an elongated longitudinal fesnrc in the lower a!
cozu'cal cavity.

tmaanax MiTller, Trata. Zool. Soc, u. 64. 1823; Voliz, Belemn.
I. 1830; Blainn. Belemn. 34. 1S27.

-mnitelk D'Orb. Still Soc. Gkil. 1841, Ptdeimt. univ. 1846,
toll. Viv. et Fon. i. 447.

inocamas fpars) VoUz, Ann. Sci. Nat. xiii. 354. 1840.
imnitea Sr^n. Polyth. 41. 1732 ; Lamck. St/st. An. s. V. 104.
(01, (B. paxiUosa) ; Mimlf. C. Syst. 383. 1808.
imiiitea (pnrs) Lamck. Hist 16.
iBUB (spiae) Beudani, Ann. Mua. xvi. 1810.

1. AcTINOCAHAK VEBU9.

e elongate, lanceola'e, sinooth ; trigonal in front ; diJaled, de-

ressed, and mucronately acuminated behind ; sides nitli a deep

llprcsaed ^oove, evanescent behind. Shell truncated, rudiatel^

Cbed, slit below.

ixoCBmax verua MiiSer, Tram. Geol. Soe. ii. 64. t. 9. f. 17.

^i VoUz, Lehrb. ISS9, 522.

kmnites fimfomiB Voitng, Oeol. York. 14. t. 14. f. 2.? 1822.

JiBaiB BiaiRB. Beleia. 59. n. i 1837, Did. Sci. Nat. f. 3.; Desk.

me!/, ii. 124. ; Brojoi. LeOuea, ii. t. 83. f. 14. ; Roemer, Kreid. 34.

Kcronntud (pars) Simn. Mem. Conch, vi. 205. t. 600. f. 6, T-

Cceolatns Son. Stem. Conch, v. 208. t. 600. f. 8, 9. 1S29, not
(Alodi ; Ptwc*, Pol. Palfon. 162. ; Morris, Cat 177.
nmiitella vera S'Orh. Sidl. Geolog. 1842, 359., Paliont. tmin.

«2. f. 1—6. 1846, MoU. Viv. et Fos. 447.
bocoroax BlaiDTillei VolU, Beiem. 35. 1830.
(innitella Galliennei D'Orb. BvU. Soc. Giol F. 1842; Brey.
W^M. 411. t. 7. f. 15. 1732.

dnus spine Beudanf, Ann. Mas. xtI t. 3. f. 8, 9, 1810, Park.
irg.Nem, iil t. 4. f. 19. 1811.
. Green Bund.

O) b, c, d. Style only. Folkstnne. Presented by J. E. Gray,
Esii-

2. ACITHOCAMAI PASUXOSA.

le elongiite, Bubconicul, rugose, cylindrical, and slit in front,
'itta rsmuloso flattened jrrnove^ on the sides, man^y-branched
^ind ; mucronately acuminated behind. Shell raised ; mtzle
it" or 20".

Smniteg Breyn. Polyth. 41. t. 7. f. 1—14.; Klein, Tah. Xm
a t. 7. f. 3, 4, 5.

MOnites Faij^ Sf. Pierre, 127. t. 32. f. 3.
' — ■•' w jaaiJUiatt Za ma t. S^A A. i. Y. 104. IM1\.
'— t-4V -v-i'w^-jy-

122

B. paxilloBUB Montf. Coach. Si/et. i. 383. 1808; Park.

iii. 9. f. 1, ; Schloth. Tiuch. vii. 31. 70. 100, 101. (part).
B. raucronfttUB Schioth. TascL tii. 3. 1B13, Petref. 47.;

Fos. S. D. t. 16. f. I. i Brong. tt Cuv. Geol. Par. t. 3. {

NelsoTi, Act HoIjo. 1825, 339., Pelref. Saec. 9. t. 2.

Blainn.Belemn.7.t. 1. f.l2«.; Sonn. Mem. Couch. t.GO

4. ; Deih. E. M. ii. 125. ; Cm. Reg. Ann, lU. t. 11. f. \
B. cyiindrua WaUenh. 1S21.
? B. comformia Park. Org. Bern. iii. ]2T. 132. t. 8. t 10

f. 1. 1811.
B. Bubconicua Lamck. Hist, vit, 592. 1822 (part).
B. fusoides Lamck. Hist. vii. 1822.
B. electrinue Miller, Belemr SI. t, 8. f. 2.
B. Osterfieldi Blainv. Beleti 62. t. 1. f. 8.
B. Alkni Flem. B. A. 240. i<>28.
B. amerlcanus Morton, Amer. Jaw. xviL 2S1. xviii. 1. 1

Kef erst. 1834, 423.
Belemnitella raMcraaaXa D' Orb. Paleonl. Fran. Ter. O

Murchiioti, Riissia, 489. t. 43. f. 1—4., MoU. Fib. et F

t. 33. f. 1—6.
? Belemnitea ambiguua Morton, SiBiman, Jour, xviii. t. 1.
? Belemnitella ambigua D'Orb, Paliont. Mrang. t. 27. I

Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. 43G. t. 33, f. 13, 14. from Morton.
Fos. Chdk.

Norwich. Presented b;

c, d. From chalk. Kent. Presented bf J. E. Gra;

gubquadrate, short. Style elongate, aubcjiindri
')ed and fissured in front, acununated and mucrouat
~ groove broad, bifurcate, and branched behind.
Belemnttua quadratus Defrance Cabinet; Blaint). Belem

i. 9. 1827; D'Orb. Ter. Cret. 160. t. 6. f. 5. 10.
B, granulatus Bhanv. Belemn. 63. t. 1. f. 10. (not Zieb
Som. M. C. Ti. 207. t. 600. f. 3. 5. ; Desh. E. M.
Potiet et Mich. Oal. MoU i. 22. ; Boemer, Ereid. 84.
Cat. 177.
B. Btriatua Blainv. Belemn. 64. t. 1. f. U. (not Harti

Beth. E. M. ii. 135.
Belemnitella quadrata D'Orb. Ptdeont. umtr. t. 34. f.SI
Fw.eiJW. 1.451.
^. Widte Chalk. Erance, fiu^ani.

pressed

LGMKITES. 123

■4. ACTIBOCAMAX BUBVBNTEJCOSA.

H conical, concentric ally rugose. Style elongate, Bubcylin-

rical, smooth, rather trigonal, compressed in front, depressed

id mncronBte &C the tip beluod ; lateral grooves flattened,

■nplc, evanescent behind.

auoites aubventricosua Wahienb. Act. Upsal. -TiiL 80. 1821 ;

Wb, Belem. 64. t. 8. I'. 1.

aamillatas NeUon, Act. Holm. 1823, 340., Petref. Suec. 10. t. 2.

2. ; Hissing, LeOiaa Svec. 31 . t. 10. f. 7. ; Roemsr, Kreid. 84.

JcBuite Blainv. Betemn. 61. 1827, Bid. Sci. Nat. f. 6. ; Desk.

1. M. ii. 124.

annitella Bub ventricoaa ZyOrS. PaleonL miiv. t. 31. f. 7. 12,,

foa. Fio. el Fas. i. 454. t. 33. f. 7. 12.

. Cbalk. Sweden.

4. BELEMNITES.

E conical ? . The externally deposited ilyle with

1 entire mRrgin to the edge of the conical cavity (which

trered the eheTly cone).

gnmtes Lister, lS78;D'Orb. An. Sci. Nat. xvii. 1842, Paleoid.

'er. Jw. 1842, Moa. Viv. et Fos. i. 459.

imnita Flendag, Brit. Anim, 1828.

--" - ' rs) Ehrhart, Bel, Saec. 1727; taaick. Hist, (not

I (par
015-

ttHuB Belemnita Gmelia.

mUthis Monlf. Conch. Syst. i. 387. t. 97.

mas Mont/. Ctmeh. Syst. i. 1808.

«lois Moiiff. Conch. Spit. i. 180S.

irhoe MoMf. Conch. Syst. i. 1808.

Xie MoHlf. Coneh. ^st. i. 1808.

jaaor Monlf. Conch. Sgst. i. 1808.

loliCheB Monlf. Ctmch. Si/sl. i. 1808.

lites ilftnit^. Conch. Sgst. i. 1808.

■dragua Moat/. Conch. Syst i. 1808.

llimus Mont/. Conch. Si/st. i. 1808.

latiDites Rajm.

inocamiix (para) Voltz, Ann. Sci. Nat xiij. 334. 1840, not

lilller; PkUiiis, Harlmann.

endobelua Blainv. Belemn. 113.

imphites and Gasterosipliitca Duvnl.

li, Notocfflii, and Gastrocceli D'Orb. Palamt. mtiv., Moll. Fir.

Fur.

lopmtfi DeUmgehampt, Mem. det Sot. Norro.-<.Tl.\Wft.

d

like the processes on the side of the mouth of certain A%
ii f!:M. but, on examining the specimen, I am very doubtful if
pearance does not arise from an accidental fracture of t
part of the conical sheath.

M. D'Orbigny describes the shell of this genus as h<
larged in front into a spathuliform dorsal plate, contracte(
with a conical cavity furnished with concave septa, 1
siphon on the ventral edge traversing all the cells, an
externally with a shelly beak. The theoretical form of
is represented by M. D'Orbigny in Ann, Sci. Nat. U
Paleont. Frang. Ter. Juras. t. 2. f. 1, 2. t. 3. f. 1, 2, 3.
Moll. Viv. et Fos. i. t. 35, 36. The authority for this d
pansion appears to rest on certain lines seen on the outsit
cone of Belemnites gigatitetis var. acdensis^ which, h
resemble the grooves found on the dorsal surface of th
the cuttle-fish, Sepia or Loligo, and hence he believes t
& similar enlarged dorsal plate. This may be the case ^
species, though, I believe, no specimens have been found to
jsjlTl'jIl . tnis theory, and the external surface of the conical part
I w|*i]|! , Belemnites shows no indication of any such grooves ; but
|'|;;;iS; arise from two or more distinct forms being confoundc

11: F present genus Belemnites.

vm.

4%^f' Synopsis of the Sections of the Genus.

ii"!i?''..I . _ _ . _. ...

the position of the groovea (aei

haut am) dorsal or tentral Groove. — Acffilt Brorm, Geach.

Nat. tii. 150.
le more or his conical, aometiiaei grooved or ridged at the
IKW Extremity, but without am/ lateral Grooves in Front. —
Lcunrii D'Orb. Ter. Jur. i. 73., MoU. Viv. et Foi. i. 480. ;
hvtm, I. c. IdO.

. BbLEHNITES NIOBR.

doi^te, subcjlic driest, Bubquudrate, posteriorly oiMtnimatttl,
m bisulcate, anterioflj dilated ; aperture somenbat squiire-
iped ; alveolus 20°.

BBites niger twftr, ConeA-^nffZ. t. 7. 31. 226.? \G,7S\ D'Orb.
lima. tndv. t. 39. t. 40. f. 1—5., Moll. Viv. et Fai. i. 483.,
imn. n. 2.

niuWB coniformis Parkinson, Organ. Rem. iii. 127. t. 8. f. 11.
.16.? 18H.

Daites paxitlo3U3 Schlolheim, Tatchenl. vii. 51. 70. 1813 (not
Utf. 1808) ; Sckloth. Petref. 46. n. 3. ; SlainmUe, Belemrdtes,
I. n. 43. ; Vollz, Belemn. SO. t. 6. f. 2. t. 7. f. 2. ; Zieten,
W. 29. t. 23. f. l.i Hartmam, Wurt. 17. n. 1.; K^erst.
i.tiat. 427. n, 68.; Roemer, Ool. 171. n. 17.; Pusch, Pol^s.
ioKl. 162. n. S. ; Aforrw, Brit. Fog. 177.
mitea vulgnria Young, Geo/. Surv. of Yorksh. 256, 1. 14. f. 1,
822.

initea apicicurvatus Blainv. Belemn. 76. n. 16. t. 2. f. 6. 1837 ;
ten, Wurt. 30. t. 23. f. 4. ; Eefent. Diet. AW. 424. n. 14.
M>.

lUiles apicicurvus Hartmann, Wart. IS. n. 1. 1830.
.niles bUulcatus BUtins. Belemn. 79, n. 19. t. 2. f. 7. 1827,
*. t. f. 6, 7. i Hartmaan, Zieten, Wurt. 31. t. 24. f. 2. p. 16. n.
Deah. Encyel. ii. 128. n. 12. ; Keferst. Diet. Nat. 424. n. 19,
Roemer, Nord. Ool. 171. n. 18.
mitefl Crasaufl Voltz, Belemn. .^3. n. 10. t. 7. f. 2. 1830;
ton, IViwt. 1. 22. f. l.;Xe/e?-»(. Dic(. JVd/. 42fl,n. 31.;iioemer,
t. 174. ; PoHez et Mich. Gal. i. 22. n. 4.

tnites suboduncatus Ziefen, IFurf. 27. t. 21. f. 4. 1830 (not
Ita) ; Foiii, Seieran. 48. n. 8. t. 3. f. 2. 1830 ; Keferst. Diet.
1. 428. n. 91.

nnitei aubaduncus Roemer, Ool. 170. n. 15. 1835.
nniKs teres SiAal. Zieten, Wurt. 28. 1,. il. V. ■4. ietawA,
V,' jliU ^i^m, r. 2i. £ 2. i' deformed.

I.

Belemiutes quadrisulcSitus Ilartmajin, Ziet. SlJ^HI^V

Keferni. 427. n. 78. ; Roemer, Ool. 175. J

Bckmnites affiob Mutuler, tur Belenm. 14. t. 2. £ 1, 3i

Kaspaii, 1829) ; Keferst. 424. n. 9.
Belemnttes Imvigatus Zieleji, Witrt. 282. t. 21. f. 12.F ISl

426. n. 53. ; Roemer, Ool. 469.
Bdemnites turgidua SchiUi. Zieten, WuH. 28. t. 22. f. 1,
Belemnites Btrktulus Roemer, Nord. Ool. 165. n. 3. F If
Belemoltea impreasus Soemer, Ool. 170. n. 16, t. 16. f. t
Belemmtea BTugmeranm D' Orb. PalemU. Frang. Terr

t. 6. t. 7. f. 15. 1842.
Hab. Middle Lisa,

Shell (young) short, compressed, posteriorly obtns^
sharp-pointed ; (adult) very long, compressed, rad
posteriorly atteoiiate, rather obtuse, longitudinaL
grooved ; aperture compressed ; alveolua at an aogl
22".

Belemnites irregularis Schlotk. Min. Tasch. vii. 70. t. S
Die Petref. 48. n. 5. ; Blainri. Belema. 104. n. 46^ 3i
30. t. 23. f. 6.; flor/moiin, Wurl. IS,; Eeferat-DH
11.32.; D'Orb.Paiiont.Frmiq. Terr. Jur:\.7&. t. 5. i
f. 2—8., Paliont. unit). 44. t. 43. f. 9—11., Jfoff. W

■)

s Biaiw. Belemn. 113. t. 4. f.

iitea Btriatus Ke/erat. 428. a. 90. 1834.

beluB iiBvia Blaine. Bekmn. 1 12. t. 4. f. 14. ? 1827.

lites ttevia Roemer, Ool. IIS. n. 4. F 1836.

ilea gracilis Hell. Zielen, Wurt. 28. t. 22. f. 2.

ail, 1829, nor PhiUips); Keferst. 426. n. 46.:

f arhnonn, Zietea, Wurt.

.f.9.F 1830{ £e/erif.

175.

lites lagentelbn
; Keferst. 426. n. at.
atCB p^gmieuE Zieten, Wart. 28.
n. 77.

litis tostmtaa ZUten, Wurt. 30. t. 23. f. 5. 1830 (not ros-
j Baapail, 1829) ; Kefersi, 427. n. 83. ; floemw, Oo^. 173.
itUa lonirisulcatus Voltx, Mem. 57. t. 6. f. 1. 1830; Kefertt.
n. 58 ; Moemer, Ool 174.

atea tenuis Mttntt. Belemn. t 22. f, 5. 6. 1830 ; Barlmmm,
I. 17- ; Keferst. 428. n. 99. ; Roemer, Ool. 169. n. 13.

■ ■ " s Mmut. Belemn. t. 2. f. 4. 1830 ; Xe/e

1

jFouiig) elongate, slender, compressed, posteriorly attenuatelT
J, beneath one-grooved ; aperture compressed ; (adult) sli^
IbI, compresaed, poEt«riorlj acmninate, three-grooved, an-
riy dilated ; aperture oval, compreiiSGd ; alveolus sA an angle
!° to 25°.

lites tripartitus Schloth. Petref. 48. n. 6. 1820; Miller,
a, Geol. Sue. 1823, 66. t. 8. f. 10—13. (the extremity);
wiSe, BeUmn. 82. n. 21. t. 4. f. 4.; Harlmann, Wurt. 17.;
rtt Uiet. Nat. 428. n. \0i. i Boemer, Ool. .; D'Orb.

nl. univ. t. 45. f. ^6., Terr. Jtir. Supp. t. 2^ MoU. Viu, et
L 501., Belemn. u. 14.

litea eloagatiis MilUr, Trans. Geol. Soc. t. 7. f. 6, 7. (1823) ;
pw. Brfrtnii. 95. n. 34. t 4. f. 6. ; Saw. Min. ConcA.vi. 178.;
iH Ware. 28. t 22. f. 6.; Bartminn, Wtirt. 16.; Keferit.
a. 39. ; Boemer, Ool. 1 69. ; D' Orb. Fuleoat. Frmig. Terr. Jnr.
. n. 8. (.. 8. f. e—U.;Matheson, CattU. 238. n. 277.; Morrit,

.Fos.in.

ut«s ailuncntui Miller, t. 8. f. 6. deformed, 1823; Bltnne.
mn. 77. n. 17. t. 2. f. 6. t. 8, f. 6—11. ; Keferit. 424. n. 8.
litw triiulcutus Blaino. Beletiia. S3, n, 22. t. 5. f. 13. the
snulj, SS27i Bartmann, Zieten, t. 24. f. 3^ WutI. Y1.-,
" '"" - '"' " er, OoL 172. n. StO.

13B CATALOGUE OF CEPHALOPODA.

Bdemnites ovatus Blainv. Belemn. 88. n. 27. t. 3. i

Desh, Encyc, Meth. ii. 130. n. 20.
Belemnites unisulcatus Blainv, Belemn. 81. t. 5. f.

1827; Desh, Encyc, ii. 129. n. 13.; Hartman, Zieti

t 24. f. 1., Wurt. 17.; KefersL 429. n. 112.; D'(

Frang. I 88. n. 7. t. 8. f. 1-^.
Belemnites compressus Phillips,, Geol, Yorksh, t. 12. i

VoUz, Belemn. 53. 1. 11. f. n. 2. ; Roemer, Ool. 171. n

Paleont. Franq. Terr. Jur. t. 6. f. 3 — 8. ; Maiheson^

278. ^
Belemnites trifidus Vokz^^Belemn. 62. n. 15. t. 7. f.

ferst 428. n. 403. ; Morris, Brit Fos. 177.
Belemnites oxyconus Hel. Zieten. Wttrt. 27. t. 21. f.

/erst, 427. n. 67. ; Roemer, Ool. 175.
Belemnites subula Desh. Encyc. Meth. ii. 130. n. 17.
Belemnites ornithocephaliis Theodori, Roemery Ool.

14. 1836.
Plott, PhUos, Trans, xii. t. 3. f. 8. 1764.

Hab. Upper Lias.

4. Belemnites umbtlicatus.

Shell elongate, subcylindrical, beneath depressed, po
minate, subumbilicated, anteriorly somewhat dila
roundish; alveolus 19°.

Belemnites umbilicatus Blainv. Belemn. 97. n. 37. t. i
Desh. Encycl. 132. n. 23. (1830) ; Hartmann, W
1839; Kef erst. Diet Nat. 429. n. 109.; D'Orh. P
Terr. Jur. i. 86. t. 7. f. 6—11., Moll Viv. et Fos. i
n. 3.

Belemnites clavatus Blainv. Belemn. i. 3. f. 12. f. b. <

Belemnites subdepressus Voltz, Mem. 40. t. 2. f. 1. i
^. ISSO; Kef erst Diet Nat 428. n. 93.; Roemer, (

Belemnites perforatus Voltz, Belemn. 63. n. 16. t. 8
Kef erst Diet Nat 427. n. 71.

Belemnites ventroplanus Voltz, Belemn. 40. n. 4. t. 1
Kef erst. Diet Nat 429. n. 113. ; Roemer, Ool. 168

Belemnites subclavatus Zieten, Wurt 29. t. 22. f. 5.
Wurt 19. ; Keferst 428. n. 92. ; Roemer, Ool 167.

Hab. Middle Lias.

5. Belemnites longissimus.

Shell very elongate, slender, com'ijTea?,^d, ^xAftxlorlj
teriorly obtusely acuminated, Yi\t\i oxift Vm^Yx^j,^^
mdes ; aperture compressed.

^m

B3SI.B>IKlTtb£ : BEl

AenauWa longissimuB Mmer, Trtmt. Oeol. Sop. ii. 60. t. 8. f. 1,
2, 1S23 ; Blaiitt). Selemn. 95. n, 35- 1. 4. f. 7. ; Zieten, Wurt. 28.
t. 21. f. 10, 11.; Keferat. Diet. Nat. 426. d. 60.; Buemer, Ool.
168.; MorrU, Brit Foa. 177.; D'Orh. Palimit, Frang. Terr.
Jit. Siuipl. t. I. f. 1—7., Paiionl. who. t. 43. f. 1—7., Moll. Via.
*t Foi. S. 490., Belemn. n. 6.

demniteB t^lmdricus Blainv. Belemn. 94. n. 33. t. 3. f. 10, 19^7 •-
■2)mA. EjKycl. ii. 131. n. 22. ; Hartmaim, Wvrt. 16. ; Keferat. "■
Nat. 425. n. 33.
bi. Middle Lias.

6. BEI.EUNnE19 BBEVIS.

beQ short, inflated, mther compressed, poateriorlj acuminstelj'

[Nuoted, anteriorly diluted ; ajit^rture square or compressed ;

■Iveolus oblique, at an angle ai'ifi".

dannites brevis Bhim. Belemn. 86. n. 26. t. 3. f. 2. (estlus. f.

1.) 1827 ; Desh. Ena/cl ii. 131. n. 19. j Hartmann, Wart. 16. n.

I.; Kefertt. Diet. Nnt. 425. n. 24.; Galeutti, Brah. 166. n. 13.;

XeOrb. PaUottl. imiv. t. 38. f. 1—7., Moll. Fiv. et Foa. i. 491.,

SeUmn. a. 7.

demnitee abbreriatus Soa. Min, Conch, vi. 178. t, 590. f. 9.

fexdua. f. 2, 3.) 1828, not Mller ; D'Orb. Paliont. Frang. Terr.

Jir. L 92. n. 9. t. 9. f. 1—7 ; Brotm, Fas. Conch. 21. t. 3. f. 41,

42.
elemnites breviformis V0U2, Mem. 43. n. 6. t, 2. f. 2, 3, 4. 1830 ;

Mtauler, Zieten, Wurt. 27. t. 21. f. 7.; Keferat. Diet. Nat.

426.11.23.; floe/ner, OoZ. 164. □. 1. t, 16. f. 8.; Morris, Brit.
iFot. 177.

IdemnlUa pjramidatus Schub. Zieten, 29. t. 22. f. 9. f 1830; Ke-
ferU. 131. n. 76.
*.pjTaniidalis Roemer, Ool. 169, 172. n. 21.

' ' Keferst. 426. n. 51. 1834.

lemnites cunulus MitH»ter, Roemer, Nord. Ool. 165. n. 2. ^^h
temnites aealus Putiet ^ Mich, 21, n. 1. 1838. ^^H

Jlab. Upper Lias. ^^^H

7. BEI.B1IN1TE3 dCDTUS.

tbell sborti conical, rather compressed, posteriori; Bcmainate;

speKure oval; alveolar cavity from 18° to 20°.
lelenmites itcutue Miller, Traru. if Geol. Soc. ii. t. 6. f. 9. 1823

(not BlBinville, 1827) ; Smeerly, Min. Comh. vi. 178. L 590. f.
I 7,«. 10.; D-Orb.lU2,Paliont. Fnaq. Ter.Jur.i.U.-a. 10. t.
I, ft/ e^l4., -Paieoat. aniv. t. 38. f. a~U_, Moll.Vwi. (A ¥u»-
»£i— S.,- Morrit, 1843, Brit. Fos.\l\,

IU>

CATAXOGDE OF CEPBA1.0F0D1.

B. brevia Bhinv. Belemn. SG. o. 26. t. 3. f. 1. ezcliu. f. 3, 1'
B. pyramidtttis MunaUr, Zieten, W«r(. t. 24. £ fi. ? j Ind

1699, t. 25. f. 1583. ?
Hab. Superior Lim. France and England.

Shell eliort, conical, compressed, obtuse at apex, tvo-gn
aperture triangular ; alveoluj with an angle of 28°,

Beiemnites breTiroBtris D'Orb. PaJeont. Fnmg. Terr. Jvt.
n. 11. t. 10. f. 1—6. 1842 (not brevirostris Baapail, 1839).

Beiemnites curvua D'Orb. PaleonL loiio. t. 42. £ 1—6. im,
Viv. etFos.i. 49a. Belemn. a. 11.

Hab. Middle Lias.

9. BEi.EiiNrrES Foubnelianss.

Shell short, compressed, postcriorlj obtnae, laterally n.

aperture compregsed, oblong ; alTcolus at an angle of ll
Beiemnites Fournelianus D'Orb. PaicoiU. Frtaig. Terr. Jw

n. 12. t. 10. f. 7. 14., Pcdeojit. unio. t. 42. f. 7. 14, Jf^

Fos. i. 489,, Belemn. n. S.

Bob. Middle Lias.

10. Belemhites
Shell oblong, compreascd, anteriorly dilated, poateiiorly
mucronate, beneath grooved ; aperture compreaslj sqiU
Teolus 25".

eofirt

4

18 Zicleii, W'lrtemb. 29. t. 22. f. 7. 18

I, 1829); Kef erst. Diet. Nai. 426.

Boemer, OiA. 174.

Beiemnites nodottanua D'Orb. Poiiont. Frang. Terr. .Air, i

13. t. 10. f. Ifl. 20. 1842, Paleont. univ. t. 42. f. IC^J"

Viv. el Foa. i. 495., Belemn. n. 12.

^di. Upper Liaa.

Foisih in Lower Oolite,

11. BEij:HnrtES oigaxteus.

Shell elongate, compressed, acuminate or somewhat inflat

teriorlj acuminated, laterally grooved, anteriorly dilated

tore oval; alveolus at angle of from 20° to 23°.

Stem, Detcript. Tab. t. 9. f. 314. 1731 ; Borguet, Trait

tri/. t. 45. £ S76. 1742 ; Ktiorr, Mon. ua. Vi. ^^\.-, Pi

<3tS-' ^fn. iii. 126-128. t. a. i. «

IS^

131

tcB gigantena Sohloth. Min. Taschenb. vii. 70. 1813, Petnf.

1. 1820 ; Hartmann, Wnrl. 16. ; Keferst. Diet. Nat. 426.
-»». ; Roener, Ool. 174 ; D'Orb. POiiani. Frmc. Terr. Jur. i.
a. t. 14, IS^ Paiiont. vnw. t, 47, 48., MoU. Via. et Foi. i. 504.,
ftemn. a. 15. (t. 35, 36. theoretical restoration),
unites ellipticua Miller, Trans. Geol. Soc. M t. 8. f. 14-17.
23 ; Blainn. Belemn. 102. n. 44.; Keferst 425. n. 38. ; itoemw,
ti. 174. ; MorHi, Brit F/u. 177.

mnitea abbreviaCua Miller, Tram. Oeol. Soc. 59. t. B. f. 9, 10.
Ung, 1823; Blainv. Belemn. 91. n. 31. t. 4. f. 5. ; Soib. Min.
►nol Ti. 179. t. 590. f. 2. 3. (eiclus. f. 9.) ; Keferst 424. n. 2.
nnites comnres9US BUanv. Belemn. 84. n. 24. t. 9. 1827 ; Sow.
iH. Coneh. vi. 692. t. 590. f. 4. ; Desk. Even. ii. 129. n. 15. ;
efcn, WvTt 26. L 20. f. 2.; Hartmann, Wurt. 16.; Keferst

5. n. 29.

mnites quinquesolcatna Blainv. Belemn. S3, n. 22. t. 2. f. S.
Ong female, 1827 ; Phillips, Oeol. YorktA. t, 9. f, 36. ; Zteten,
«rt. 26. t. 20. f. 3. ; Bartm. iVurt. 17. ; Kefertt 427. a. 81. ;
temer, Ool. 173. n. 22. ; Morris, Brit. Fos. 177.
ntiites glfidias filatne. Belemn. 86. n. 25. t. 2. f. 10., Diet. Se.
U. f. 10. 1827; Deri, ^ncj/c. ii. 136. n, 18. 1S30; Keferst.

6. n. 84.; Jfoemn-, Ooi. 174.

Dnitea gigaa Blaimi. Belemn. 91. s. 32. t. 5. f. 20. (exoluB. 1

f. 9.) 1827.

«init«3 aalensis VoUx, Mem. 60. t 4. and 7. i. f. 7, 1830;

elen, Wurt. 25, t. 24. f. 6.; Keferst Diet. Nat. 423. n. 1.;

>enur, 174. n, 24. ; Morris, Bril. Fos. 177.

nnitea longus Fo&z, Mem. 58. a. 13. t. 3. f. 1. 1830 ; Keferst.

8. n. 59. ; Raemer, Ool. 174.

mnilea grandis Schvhl. Zielen, Wurt. 26. t. 20. f. 1. 1830;

iferal, 426. n. 48. ; ibnner, Ool. 174.

mnites acuralnatua jScftuW. Zieten, Wtirt. t. 26. ? t. 20. f. 5.

30; J&/erj(. 424. n. 5. ; Roemer, Ool. 175.

[Unites bipartitus HaTtmann, Zielen, Wart. 32. F t. 14. f. 7.

30 (not Blainr. 1827) ; Hartm. Wvrt 16. ; Ke/erit 424. n. 18.

nnitea biuanaliculalus Harlm. Zieten, WuH. 32. ? t. 24. f.

1830 (not Bloinv. 1827), Hartm. Wurt. IS.; Keferst. 424.

17.

niiiles quinqtiecanalicttlatiis Hartm. Zieten, Wurt 32. P t. 24.

12. 1830; Keferst 427. n. 81.

unites Millen Desk. Encyc. ii. 129. 1830,

unites anomalua Eoemer, Ool. 173. n. 23. F 1836.

•i. Lower Oolite.

Kef»rgt. Diet. Nal. 425. n. 40. ; D'Ori. Pal&oni. Fro
Jar. i. 120. n. 26. t. 17.

Belemnitea alibreviatus Mc
Belemnitea inEeqiialJa Raemer, Ool. li
Beleionites IceviB Roemer, Ool. \Q5. n. i.

Hah. Lower, Middle, and Upper Oxford Cluj.

13. BeLEHTCITSB FDEOZU.NIIS.

SheU elongate, cylindrical, compresaed, posteriorly strai^
minate, beneath, rather compressly grooved; apertu
pressed, rather square ; alveolus at an angle of 16J°.
Belemnitea Puzoziimus (pars) D'Orb. PrdeotiC. Frang. T
i. 118. t. 16. f. 1—6. 1842, Paliout. lotix. t, 50. f. 9. t, fi
6, t. S6t Paleont. elrang. t. 31., PaleoTit. Fran^. Terr. J\
t. 3. f. 9t Moil Vie. et Foa. i. 519.
Belemnitea Oweoii Pratt, Owen, Phil. TroM. 1844, 1.4;

(not animal and phri^macone).
B. attenuatua Mantell, Phil. Tram. 1848, t. 15. f. 2, S.
Hob, Lower and Middle Oxford Claj.

a, b. Fossil large, with part of the cone of the Bhell.^

Clay, Wiltshire, 1

c, d. Small, with part of the cone of the ahgll, Qifi

Wiltihira. -* ^

15, Bbumnitbs Famsebianus.

1 short, mtlier conical, laterailj compressed ; posteriorly be-

ulli impressed, acumiQUte ; aperture compressed ; alveolua 22°.

Hnnites iialensia Fischer, Oryct. Gene. Moscoie, 173. t. 49. f. 1. 7

M7 (not Voitz).

pmmtfis excentriuus Fischer, Revue dea Foa. de Mosc. n. 5. ?

t43 (not Blainv.).

Uuiites Panderianua D'Orb. Murch. and Vera. Rassia, 423. n.

, t, 30. 1844, Paiiont. umv. t. 61., Faleont. etrang. 33., MaU.

%J. et Foa. i. 527., Belemn. n. 30.

J. Oxford Clay. Bants of the Volga.

16. Belbmnites Rcssiensis.

)1 dilated, depressly couical, posteriorly longitudinally sulcated,
jKmre short, disappearing \ aperture depressed ; alveolus at an
tele of 20 degrees.

■RmiteB RuBsiensia D'Orh. March. Vern. and Keys. Russia, u.
B. n. 4.. t.29. f. 10—16. 1844; D'Orh. Paleml. mm. t. 62.
Fl— 6., PalioTtt. etrang. t. 36. f. 1—7., MoU. Viv. et Fus. i. 529.

t. Osford Clay, Russia. Hare.

IT. BBI.EMNITBS ElBQHISENSIS.

al elongntelj conical, somewhat square, heneath depressed,
NWteriorly longimdinaily grooved ; groove short, disappearing ;
^erture square ; alveolus with an angle of 20 degrees.
Mnnites Kirghiensis D'Orb. Murch. Vern. andKi^i/a, Russia, ii.
B3. n. S. t. 29. f. 17—21. 1844; D'Orb. Paiiont. jmiv. t. 62.

118—11., Paiiont. etrang. t. 36. f. 8—11., itfoft Vin. et Fas. \.

129. n. 32. ^^

i. Russia. Very rare. ,^^|

18. BeLEUHITES BOBEA1.I3.

iD elongate, rather spindle-shaped, anteriorly and posteriorly
ml, compressed, impressed on the sides; aperture oval.
Iniiuit«» boreolis D'Orb. March. Vern. and Keys. R-uiaia, a.
BW. n. 2. t.28. t. 15—22. 1844; D'Orb. Paleaid. unit. i. 62.
1 12—18., Palitna. etraHg. t. 36. f. 12—18,, MoU. Viu. et Fm.v
E80. n. 33.

Banks of the Volga. .-.,

Hab. Portland Oolite.

Fossils in Oreensand.

20. BeLBMNITES SDGaDlDBATDS.

Shell elongate, subcjlin dried, emootb, anteriorly rstlri
posteriorly rather dypressed, inferioriy flatly deprel
somewhat lu^ute.

Belemuites aubquadratua Soemer, Nord. Ool. 166. 1. 16.
Nord. Kreidegeb. 83, n, 1 . ; Oeiniit, Charak. 68,, ChM
68. i D'Orb. Paiiont. imiv. t. 71. f. 1—4., Terr. Cret,
f. 1-4., Moll. Viv. el Fos. i. 543. n. 43.

Belemnites Comelianos D'Orb. Terr. Cret. i. 61S. 1842.
Hab. (Etage N^ocomien.)

21. Belbuhitbb

liell tetj elongate, club-ahaped, anteriorly dilated, slea
middle, poaleriorly inflated, rather mucronate, laH
anlcate ; aperture (.■ompressEd ; alveolus ? ■

!2. BBLBxnrrBs exlus.

very long, subulate, slender, compressed, oii6-ribbcd on the

a, posteriorly sbitrply acuminate ; aperture compressed,

her square, angular ; alveolus at an angle of 20°.

Uiites exilis D'Orb. Pateoid. Franf. Terr. Jar. l 101. t. IS.

—12. 1842, PalanU. vniv. t. 41. f. 6—12., MoU. Viv. el Fot.

S3., BeUma. n. 0.

Dpper Liaa, very r*re. J

!3. Belemnites Tbssonianus. - 1

elongate, slender, poateriorly obtuse, anteriorly dilated, above
h two grooves, underneath with three grooves ; alveolus
ique, at an angle of 27°.

Uml

Groove dUtinct. — Gastrocteli D'Orb, l.c
ph;t<

ifa elongate, lanceolate, or eoniad, teilh a ventral Oroone
mlendin^ the tnbole length below, Zaleral Grooves wme. —
possila in Lower and Great Oolite. Canaliculati D'Orb.
UoU. Viv.etFoa.i.4SL;Bronn,Lc.U0.

14, Belemnites canauculatus-

' elongate, depressed, cylindrical, posteriorly acuminately

iue, beneath longitudioalij grooved ; groove not inter-

rted, equally impreesed ; aperture depressed, beneath sinu-

d ; alveolus at an angle of 25°.

tanites conallcultttus ScMolh. Petref. 49. n. 9. 1820; Hartm.

'— 16. ; Kefer/t. Diet. Nat. 425. n. 26. ; Zielen, Wtirt. 21. f.

tmer. Out. 176. n. 26. ; D'Orb. Paleont. Franq. Terr. Jur.

t, 13. f- 1—5., PalioTd, itnie. t. SI. f. 5, 6., MoU. Viv. et
If. L 510., BeUmn. n. 18.
1 tower Oolite.

M. BBi.EIiNiTBa suij:atu8.

'elongate, coraprvssi'il anteriorly, depressed iiosWcVOT\^>t<¥K^

u t^aaefy muaauate, grooved beneaQi_,^a mwnft g —

^.

424. n. 13. a.
Hab, Lower Oolite.

26. Belemnites unicanaliculatus.

Shell elongate, compressed, rather conical, posteriorly
tuse, underneath longitudinally grooved ; grooves ant
posteriorly interrupted ; aperture compressed, oval ;
an angle of 22°.

Belemnites acutus JBlainv. Belemn. 69. t. 2. f. 3.
Miller, 1823), Diet Set. Nat. 1827, f. 4. ; Desk. En
n. 26. 1830 ; Zieten, Wurt, 26. t. 21. f. 1. ? ; Kef erst
424. n. 7. ; Mich, et PotieZj Ocd. i. 21. n. ].
Belemnites Blainvillei Voltz^ Belemn. 37. t. 1. f. 9.
Blainv. CatuUo, 1829); Dash. Encyc. Meth. ii. IS
Kef erst 424. n. 21.; Roenier, Ool. 176. n. 27.; 1
'fiiiil ^^^' Franq, Terr, Jur, i. 107. t. 12. f. 9—16.

'ik"'ii 1 Belemnites unicanaliculatus Hartm. Zieien, Wurt 32.

Keferst 429, n, 110.; D'Orb, Paleont. umv, t. 49.
50. f. 1, 2., Paleont Franq, Terr. Jur. Suppl. t. 3. f.
Viv. et Fos, i. 509., Belemn. n. 17.
Belemnites sulcatus Munster,

Hob. Lower Oolite.

137

28. Bblbmniies Flboriansus.

1 eloDgAte, slender, anteriorly compressed, attenuntecl, poste-

arly depressed, very aLiite, beneath louj,'''i"l'ni''iy gv'Kived;

■oove poateriorlj and auteriorly not interrupted ; upertore

ifnpressed ; alveolus?

nuiites Fleuriiinaua D'Orb. Faleont. FroTig. Terr. Jut. i. 111.

13. f. 1-1—18., Paleont. taan. t. 51. f. l-i-18.. Mull. Vin. el
M. i. 512., Selemn. n. 20.
. Great Oolite, rare.

Ib/le elonguie, generaUy lanceolate, with digtiiieC lateral Grouves
Jwr a great part of the length. The aealral Groove is very
deep in front. — Has l3.ti. Hibolithua Men//: Conch. St/al.
i. 387. t. 97. Porodragus Jlfonf/. 1808. Aetinooamax
, VoUz,RaTtm.

FossiU in Lias.

'29. BBLEVNITIia TBTCANlUCITLA.'rVg.

t elongate, conical, posteriorly obtuse, longitudinally trisul-
; sulci not interrupted, excavated; aperture triangular;
reolus with an angle of 30°.
imnites canalicuktus Bauhin, 34. ? 1698.

Bnnites Crivonaliculatua Harlmann, Zielea, Wvrt. t 32. [. 24. f.
>., Wwt 17.n. I.; Keferil. Bid. Nat. 428. n. 102.; D'Orb.
alioiit. Frang. 2'err. Jur. i. 100. n. 14. t. 14. f. 1 — 5., Paletmt
Uv. t. 41. f. 1—5., MoU. Vie. et Fo». i. 492., Belemn. n. 8.
annitea quadricauoliculatua Hurtmarui, Zieten, Wurt. 32. t. 24.
3. 1830, Wurt. 17. ; Keferst. 427. n. 79.
: Upper Lias.

FoiBtU in Oxford Clay.

U elongate, slender, spindle-shaped, anteriorly dilafid, com-
lt»sed, posteriorly inftated, depressed, acutely mucronale, be-
nth grooved ; groove diaappeiu-ing posteriorly, interrupted ;
perture rounded ; alveolus at an angle of from 11 to 18 .
Om, Hist. Fontet. 34. 1598 ; Uoyd, Fhil. Tram. ksv. f. 1705. ;
hrgwt. Trail. Jeg Petrif. t. 45. f. 374. 1742 ; Zongiui, t. 37.
8.; Aaraoi de Phyl. An. is. t. 1. f. D. E.
olitlies hasratus Monlf. Coneh. Syit. 386. 1S08.
i>dnigU3 restiiutus Monlf. Conch. Sytl. 390. 1808.
lanitea fanWormis Fariint, Org. Rem. m. \^% \,. iA.\%.Wi\\
'mm^^rri Geol. Yorklh. t. 14. f.a.i.^"" " " "^

18S cATAixMus or cmtnAuanm^

Soc. ii. 61. t. 7. f. 22. t. 9. f. 6. 7. ; Blamo. Bdnuu 74.>1
Hartmajm, Wwrt. 16. ; Keferti, Diet NaL 426. n. 43. ;

001, 176. n. 26.; Pvuchy PoUtu. PalSamL 162. n. 3.;
Brit. Fos. 177.

Belemnites lanceolatus Schloth. Ttuchenb, tIL 111. 181S
lanceolatus Sow. 1829), Pe^n/. 49. n. 8. ; Puseh^ PoUm.
162. n. 2.

Belemnites hastatus Blainv. Belemn. 71. n. 12. t. 1. £ 4. t
t. 5. f. 3., Z)tc^. Sc. Nat. 1827, f. 5. ; RaspaO, Ann. Se. <f (
t. 8. f. 91.; Z>e«A. Encyc. ii. 127. n. 9.; Hwim. Wwrt
Ke/erst 426. n. 50. ; Deslongch. Mem. Soc. Linn. 38. t l.£j
6.; D'Orb. Paleont. Franq. Terr. Jur. i. 121. n. 27. tU
Paleont. du Voy. de M. Homm. de HeJL ilL 420. n. 1.,
unxv. t. 52, 53., MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 513., Belemn. n. 21.
15—20. ; Matheson^ Catal. 258. n. 279.

Belemniteb semihastatus Blainv. Belemn. 72. n. 13. t. 2. £&<
f. 1, 2. 1827, Zteto7^ Wurt. 22. t. 22. f. 4. ; Hartmaim,
17. ; Kef erst. Diet 428. n. 88. ; Boemer, Ool. 175. n. 25.;
Polens. Paleont. 162. n. 6.

Belemnites gracilis RaspaU^ Ann. Sc, des Ohserv. t. 6. 1 17|1
1829; Morris, Brit. Fos. 177.

Belemnites ferruginosus VoUz^ Mem. 36. t. 1. f. 8. 1830;
425. n. 41.

Actinocamax fusiformis VoUz, Mem. 34. t. 1. f. 6. 1830.

Actinocamax lanceolatus Hartm. Zieten, t. 25. f. 3. 1830.

Belemnites semisulcatus Munster, Belemn. 7. t. 1. f. 1. 8. 15. U
Keferst. 428. n. 87.

Belemnites pusillus Munster, Belemn. 8. t. 1. f. 9, 10. young, U
Keferst. 427. n. 74. ; Roemer, Ool. 177.

Belemnites deformis Munster, Belemn. 8. t. 1. f. 11. 1830; K^(Si
427. n. 34.

Belemnites plano-hastatus Roemer, Nord. Ool, 177. n. 30. 1 12.^

2. 1836.

Belemnites fusoides Potiez et Mich. GaU, i. 22. n. 5. 1838.

Hah. Lower and Middle Oxford Clay.

31. Belemnites Duyalianus.

Shell elongate, slender, rather spindle-shaped, compressed, ii
teriorly attenuated, posteriorly acuminated, beneath groofei
groove narrow, not interrupted ; aperture oval, compressed.

Belemnites Duvalianus D'Orb. Paleont. Frang. Terr. Jur. l)^
n. 29. t. 20. f. 6—10. 184^, Paliovi. uaiv. t, 54. fl 6, 7., iA
Fiv. etFos. i. 518., Belemn. u. 'i^.

Mah. JLovrer Oxford Clay.

139

S3. BBLEMniTES COQCANDVS.

1 elongate, club-shaped, anteriorly attenuated, poiteriorly

ickened, sharp -pointe<l, beneath smooth, laterally grooved;

DOves excavated postcriorlj, and forked ; alveolus ?

mutes coquandus D'Orb. Palaini. Franc. Terr. J«r. i. 130. n.

. t. 21. f. 11—18. 1842, Palamt. unir. t. 63. f. 11—18., MoU.

». ttFos. i. 533. n. 36. ; Maihetim, C^. 258. n. 282.

. Middle Oxford CUy.

83. BE1.EHSITES SaOVAHAUBCB.

1 elongate, anteriorly attenuate, poateriorly thickened, sharp*
inted, bcDeath anteriorly deeply slit ; aperture somenhat
Itare, beneath sittuated ; alveolus, angle 20°.
imites Sauvanauans D'Orb. Palioid. Fraru;. Terr. Jur. i. 127.
*a t. 21. f. 1—10. 1842, FalhtiU. unin. t. 63. f 1—10., MolL
jr. et Fos. i. 532. n. 3S. ; Malheioa, Catal. 258. n. 281.
WTanosos D'Orb. 1. c. HI.
)i. Middle Oxford Clay.

|4. BRLEHBITEa Dedatahhe. '

I elongate, somewhat spindle-shaped, anteriorly compressed
enuated, imjiresaed laterally, posteriorly acuminate, beneath
■-grooved ; groove posteriorly interrupted ; aperture com-
"" "i, sinuated.

Hub D'Orl. PaUont. Fran^. Terr. Jvr. i. 126. n.

. IB42, Paliont. univ. t. 54. f. 1—5., MoU. Fin.
11. n. 34. .

1 3£ddle Oxford Cky. J

very sliort, obtuse, smooth, poateriorly obtuselv rounded ;
erture soraetjFhat Bi[uare, above sinuated ; alveolus witli an
bieof20''.

gmaticua D'Orb. Paliont. Fran^. Terr. Jur. i. 131.
: 1—3., Palamt. uiifr. t. 64. f. 1—3., MoU. Viv. it
n. 37.
Wddle Oxford Clay.

9G, Bbi^hkiteb

(dongate, slender, spin die- eh aped, anteriorly alternately de-
<Med, posteriori/ ilvpresaeil, acute, beneaV\i \o\i^wA\n.'ii.^
- ""; groove not iaterrupted ; aperlure dsj^teasei.

Belemnitea canallculatus Grant, Trant. Otal. Soe. 2d M

f. 2, 3. 1S37 (nnt Schloth.)-
Belemnitea Grunl.ianua D'Orli. Paleoat. imiv. t. 58. IW

3rang. t. 32^ Moll. Viv. el Foa. i. 523., Beleinn. a. 2J
Hub. India. Kellovian d^positP

36. BBI.GHN1TE3 AX:TDORrEI<SIB.

Shell rather elongate, coQical, anteriorly and posteriori]!
longitudinally grooved ; groove anteKorly didappCH
ture roundedly depresaed ; alveolua at on angle of 2(1!

Belemniteti Helveticaa Defrance coilectian ; Blainv, Bdt

Balemnites Altdorfensia Elaine. Selemti. 67. a. 9. t. i^:
Deih. Eacyc. ii. 126. n. 7. ; Harlfa. Wvrt. 15. ? ; ^
Nat. 424. n. 10. ; B'Orb. Paiamt. miv. t. 5S. f. 7. lli
3., Paliant. ilrung. t. 33. f. 1—3., Mali. Viv. el Fot. ti

Belemnitea absolutus Fucker, Oruct. Oenv. Sdbtetnp, ij
a. 1837 ; D'Orb. Murch. and Vtrn. Russia, ii. 421. n

Lotrar Oxford RlaT.

Fossils in Cnralliw! Grit.

9. BfLEaiKITES RoGERIANUS.

slongate, sleiidpr, spindle- ah aped, depressed, poalcriorly ai__

ale, nnterinrly attenuated, beneath anteriorly grooved ; groove

ppeariog in the middle,

□it«s pistillifonnis Blaino. Belemn. t. 5. f. 17. 1S27 (excliu.

I— M.J.

nit£S Eogerianua D'Orh. Paleonl. Franq. Terr. Jw,

t. 22. t'. 9. IS, 1842, Pideaal. univ. t 64. f. 9. 13., Moll. Vi

'on. i. 535. n. 38.

Upper Oiford Claj.

1

Fossils in Greensand,

1. BeLEHNITES BIPAHTITUS.

elongate, aplndle- shaped, anteriorly narrowed, aomenbat
ysideu, posteriorly acuminated, acute, laterally compressed.
I^udinally grooved; above roiuidedi beneath anteriorly

obclua bipartituB Blainv. Belemn. Sup. 113. t. S. f. 19. 1828.
nitea bicanaliculatus Blainv. Belemn. Sup. 120. t, 5. £ 9.
doB, f. 8.) 1828 ; Bagpaii, Aim. Sc. Obaerv. 58.
iDites bisuleua Ma^ad, I. c. iii. 86. t. 4. f. SO, 21. 1829.
^tes bipartitua Catalio, Arm. des Sc. Nat. di Bologna, t.
. 1829; Jieih. Eneye. Milk. 128. n. II.; D'Orb. Paleont.
ns- Terr. Cret. i. 45. n. 2. t. 3. f. 6. 12., Paleont. urau. t. 69.
, 12., MoU. Viv. el Fos. i. 5^9. n. 43. ; Duval, Belemn. 41. t.

; 1 s.

Grceasand (Etagc Neocomien).

3. BELBHItlTBa PlSTILLrrOBMIS.

e1ongul«, rather spindle- shaped, anteriorly acuminate, p
ioi'ly aeulely pointed, laterally and longitudinally '
oved, beneath grooved anteriorly ; alveolus 20.
M(, Ohserv. t«r les Belemn. t. 3. f. 9. 1810.
Doiles miniwue Blaim. Belemn. 119. t. 4. f. 1. t. S. f. 6. (M
bimus Litter.y <

Dniteg piatillilbrmia Blainv. Belemn. 98. t, 5. f, 14, 15. (ex-
■. f. 16, 17.) 1827 (not Roomer, 1835; not Bow. 1820);
upoil, Ann. Sc. Observ. i. 327. t. 8. f. 95. 91. \W>. \'ift.--.

Orb, Psi&nU. Frang. Terr. Cret. L 53. n. 6. I. ft. 4. \. '

I

142 CATALOGUE OF CEPBAI:DFO)>&. ^|

Siipp. t 5., MoU. Vio. el Foi. i. S40. n. 44. ; Duvd, S

t. 8. f. 10. 16.
Belemnites Eubfusiformis Raspait, Hitt. Nat. Belemn,, j

93. 1829 ; B'Orb. Palioat. Fraa^. Terr. CreU i. 58. n

9. 16. i DaiHrf, Bdema. 66. t. 9, 10.
Balemnites crassior Saspail, Ann. Sc. d'Obsem, 67. t. 8. ■
BelemniUs crasBisaitnua Soap. 1. c. 327. t. S. f. 85. 87. It
Belemiiites aculeua ecliiui Rasp. I. c. 327. t. 8, f, 87, 182
Belemnitea hastatuB Rasp. 1. c. t. 8. f. 91. 1829.
Belemnites sTinmetncua Rasp. 1. c. 54. t. 8. f. 90. 101. 1
Belemnitea prtaniorauj Ratp. L c. 55. t. 8. f. 27. 1829.
Belemnites contortiia Rasp. 1. c. 56. t. 8. f. 28, 29. IS29.
Belemnites oblongus Raip. 1. c 52. t. 8. f. 82. 1829.
Belemnltea navifiula Basp. 1. c. 51. t. 8. f. 79. IS29.
Belemnites breviroatria Aup. 1. c 51. t. 8, f. 80. 1829.
Belemnites fusue Hasp. 1. c 52. t. 8. f. 81. 1829.
BelemniWs gemmatus Rasp. 1. c. 51. t. 8. f. 77. 1829.
Belemnltea roatratua ilo^o. I.e. 51. t. 8. f. 78. 1829.
Actinocomas fiisiformis Voltx, Obs. mr lea Belemn. 34

jaiiag, 1830.
ActlnocBmax MUleri Voitz, Obs. cur les Belemn. 35,

adull, 1830.
Belemnltea plstillum Soemer, Nord. Ool, 108. t. 16.

Nord. Kreid. 83. n. 2.
flat. Greensand (Etage Neocomlen).

43. BBI.EMNITEa DICABAUCnLATCS.

Shell elongate, subcjlindrical, anteriorly rather foor-
teriorly obtusely acuminate, laterally anteriorly Ion
grooved, beneath anteriorly grooved.

Belemnitea blcanaliculatus Blainir. Belemn, Sapp. 190
{excluB. f. 9.) 1828; Keferst. Did. Nat. 424. n. I(
PaleoTU. Franq. Terr. Cret. i. 47. n. 3. t. 3. f. 13. It
vniv. t. 69. f. 13. 16. t. 71. f. 5. 8., Terr. Cret. Supp. I
MoU. Vie. et Fos. i. 544. n. 47.

Hab. GreeDaaod (Gtage N^ocomien).

144. BeLEUHTTEB SEHICABIXICVLATUB.
Shell elongate, cylindrical, pioateriorly acuminate, po
teriorly unmpreBscd on the sides, beneath sulcata ; gK
peortng in the middle of its length ; apertiLre entire ( ■
an angle of IS.
te/emnites semicanaVicu-VatuB BlamniUe, BeUmn. W. '
1827 i Desh. Ene. Meth. u. W.6. i» " ".".-.

I

Itfl

'trr. Cret i. 59. n. 9. t. 5. f. 10. 13., Paleonl. univ. t. 76. f. 10.
i. t. 74. f. 7. 9.. Terr. Cret. Sup. t. 9. f. 7. 9., MoU. Via. et Fos.
SM. n. 54. ; Duval, Belemn. 74. t. 6. f. 6. 12.
, (Etage aptice.)
£S. Bei^mnites ft

elongate, rather ocununate, anteriorly rouoded, beneath ons?
^ved, poateriorlj depressed, sharply conical ; alyeulua a~ ~'
;le of 18.

aXi\K!Br\ta<aa3.Baspaa,Aim.Sc.dObs. i. 319. t. 8, f.68. 1829.
unites depresaiu Masp. 1. c. 319. t. 8. f. 69. 1829.
initea incurvutus Rasp. 1. c. 319. t. 8. f. 71.
anites aiarginatus Ratp. I. e. 319. t. B, f. 70. 73, 74.
unites attenuatuB Rasp. I. c. 319. t, 8. f. 72.
anitea gibboeiis Rasp. I. c. 320. 1. 8. f. 76.
uiitcs asuius RoipX c. 308. t. 6. f. 19. F
tmitcs ru"osua Rasp. 1. c. 322. t. 8. t. 89.
Rnitea minaret Raspail, 1. c. 323. t. S. f. 94. 1829; JVOrb.
Um2. uri'v. t. 75. f: 1. 8., Terr. Cretae. Supp. t. 10. f. 1. S.,
B. Via. et Fos. i. 551. n. 52.

bites platyuruE Duval, Belemn. 73. t. II. f. 1. 3. 1841.
p, Grcensand (Etage N^comien).
FosaiU in Gaidt.

|6. BEI.EUinT£9 Ill»l«n8.

elongate, elub-ahaped (young), posteriorly ohtnsa (adult),
■nUBted, acute, anteriorly narrowed, truncate, beneath one-
^ed, laterally and longitudinally two-grooved.
ikiiit«s minimua Lister, Hist. An. Avg. 228. f. 32. 1678;
Ver, Tram. Geol Soc. t. 9. f. 6. 1823 ; Slaiiw. Belemn. 73. t;
/. L C. and Supp. IIB. (part) ; Sotc. Min. Conckol. t. 589. f.
I Ktfertl. Diet. Nat. 427. n. 63. ; Bronn, Lelhaa Geog. t. 33.
U.Fi McArfm, Mem. Soc. Oiol. ii. 100.; D'Orb. Paliotit.
Wmf. Ttrr. Cret. i. S7. n. 8. t. 5. f. 3. 9.. Paliont. mtin. t. 76. t.
»., MoU. Fiv. et Ftu. i. 334. n. 55. t 37. f. 21. 23. ; Oeinitz.
invk. 68. t. ] 7. f. 32, 33, 34. ? ; Roemer, Kreideg. 84. n. 3. ?i
[B»n>. Brit. Fos. 177.

■nites Listen MiaiteU, Geol. of Sussex, S8. t. 19. £ 17, 18. 23.
B3; PkilUpi, Geol. Yorksk t. 1. f. 18.

kmites sttenuatus Sow. Mia. Ciitch. t. 589. f. 2.. 1828 ; Kefertl.
b. Nai. 424. n. 15. ; Morris, Brit. Fos. 177.
|Buiit«e ja^ulum PhUlips, Geol. Yorksk. t. 3. f. 1
iBrU.Fos. 177.

(29.

4

w.
s.,

4

144 CATALOGUE OF CEPHAI^OFODA.

Fossil in Juranien,

47. BELElOnTBS DLTIMU8.

Shell elongate, cylindrical, smooth, anteriorly roimdedlj €
pressed, beneath one-grooved; groove disappearing gnldni
posteriorly acuminately pointed ; alveolus at an angle of^

Belemnites ultimns UOrh, Paleont, tcm'o. t. 75. f. 9 — 13. \\
Terr, Cret. Supp. t. 10. f. 9. 13., MoU. Viv. et Fqm. L 656. e

Hob. (Etage Juronien.)

3* Dorsal Groove distinct. — Nostocoeli D^Orb. Bromt^ Lfrj

Gastrosiphites Duvalj 1. c

f The Style compressed, often much enlarged^ with a ditfyid%
dorsal Groove^ and distinct lateral Grooves . — FossiL Nfl
mien. Dilatati UOrh, I.e. 481.; Branny 150.

48. Bei^emhites dilatatus.

Shell oblong, very much compressed, rather lanceolate,
convex on the sides, longitudinally one-grooved,
obtuse, anteriorly grooved ; alveolus at an angle of 20 . •

Belemnites dilatatus Blainv. Belemn, 29. t. 3. f. 13. b. d.
18. 1827; Catullo, Ann. di Uor. di Bologna^ v. 310.;
Enc. Meth. 132. n. 24. ; Keferst. Diet. Nat. 425. n. 36.; i/<
Paleont. Franq. Terr. Cret. i. 39. n. 1. t. 2. f. 20, 21. t. 8
5., Paleont. univ. t. 65. f. 7—15. t. 66. f. 20, 21. t. 69.£
Terr. Cret. Supp. t. 3. f. 7—15., MoU. Viv. et Fos. i. 550. &
Duval, Belemn. 54. t. 4. ; Matheson, Catal. 258. n. 283.

Belemnites linearis Raspail, Hist. Nat. Belemn. 36. n. 8. 1 6.^

Belemnites elegans Rasp. 1. c. 36. n. 9. t. 6. f. 10.

Belemnites anomalus Rasp. 1. c. 36. n. 10.

Belemnites variegatus Rasp. 1. c. 41. n. 1. 1. 7. f. 55.

Belemnites fumosus Rasp. I. c. 41. t. 7. f. 58.

Belemnites apicidatus Rasp. 1. c. 42 t. 7. f. 56.

Belemnites smuatus Rasp. 1. c. 42. t. 7. f. 59.

Belemnites spathulus Rasp. 1. c. 42. t. 7. f. 61.

Belemnites eilipsoides Rasp. 1. c. 43. t. 7. f. 48.

Belemnites complanatus Rasp. 1. c. 43. t. 7. f. 63, 64^

Belemnites Delphinus Rasp. 1. c. 44 t. 7. f. 47.

Belemnites bifurcatus Rasp. 1. c. 44. t. 7. f. 67.

Belemnites augustus Rasp. I. c. 44. t. 7. f. 66.

Belemnites amorphus Rasp. 1. c. 44. t. 7. f. 49.
Belenanites triqueter Rasp. \. c. 4\. \.. 1 . ^. 4^.
Belemnites pseudo-fornioaxka IlaspA. <i. 45.\.,^.^.Vk^,
BeiemniteB emarginatus Rasp. \. c. 45. \..T . t. ^^»^\,^.

H difformis Rasp. 1. c 45. t, 7. f. Bi.

a aiilra Roup. 1. c. 45. t. 7. f. 53.

IS mitrasformis Rasp. 1. c. 46. t. 7. f. 52.
. (Etage Neocomien.)

B,.fi, c, d. FoBsil Bijle. CaBtcllane. Fi'om Mr, Cra
lection.

;4S. BEI.EUNITB3 EhEBICI.

i oblong, very much compressed, anterinrlT dilated, compreapeil
the eidca, swullen, dilated in the middle, depressed in ihe
Its, posteriorlj obliquely acuminate, above grooved ; ajveuliis
ID angle of IB°.

s Emeric-i Easpail, Ann. Sc. d'Oba. i. 302. n. 1. t. (i. f. 1 .

; XrOrh. Pideont Franf. Terr. Cret. i. 617.. Paletmt. imiv.

I. £ 22, 23. t. 69. f. 1-3. t. 73. f. 1—7., Terr. Cret. Svjip.

i. f. 1—7.. MoB. Viv. et Fos. i. S48. n. 50. ; Duval, Bilemn.

L t 5. f. 1-7.

"" ;ua RaipaiU 1. c. 304. n. 2. t. 6. f. 2. 5. 1823.
nitea affinis Raapail, 1. c. 304. n. 3. t. 6. t 3, 4. I)i29.
BJtcs dilatatns D'OrJ). Paleont. Fran^. Tctt. Cret. t. 2. f. SJ,
Bt. 3. f. 1—3. (pars) 1839.
[ (Etage Neocomien.)

\

HL elongate, lanceolate, oblique, thick, compressed, posterioi'!)'
luelj muoronate, bunenlh longitudinally broadly grDoved ;
B ezcentric ; alTeolus irilh an angle of 20°.

■inites latus Blainv. Mem. ster let SeUmii. Supp. 121 . t. B. f.

H (adult) 1828 ; D'Orb. PaleoJif. Frang. Terr. Cret. i. 48. n.
i 4. t. 4—8. (exclus. f. 1—5.), Palioiit. vniv. t. 67. f. 1—9, t. 68.

4—8., Terr. Cret. Supp. t. 4. f. 1—9., M,-U. Viv. et Fos. i.
iA.,BeUmn. n. 41.; Duval, Bclemn. 61. t. 6. (exclus. f. I.);
Uaikeion, Cut. 2.^8. n. 284.

MBinites obesus Rasmil, Atoi. Sc. d'Oba. i. 307. t. 6. f. 13. 1820
kmnites Ilonoratii Raepail, I. c. 316. t, 8, f. 88. 1829.
leniniles convexus Ra-tpail, 1. c. 42. t. 7. f. 17. 1£29.
kmnitea persona tonsoria Raspail, I. c. 46.
poi. (Etage Neocomien.)

1^ SI. BE1.BMNITEB BINEaTniB.

oblona:, compressed, nearly equnl, anteriovly narvow. t^vt
' lied, T^QSlcrmvVj tiAiatAi

U'

1

Beiemnites dilatatus WOrb. Terr. Cretac. .19. [.'^^^
Belemnites hjbridus Dmitil, Belsmn. 51. t. 3. 1841.
Hab. (Etage Ncocomien.)

52, Bbleknites Obbigntanus.

Shell eliingate, soniewbat cjlindrical, smooth, above
compressed, beneath grooved ; groove dtaanpearing i
die, posteriorly depresslj mucrouate ; alveolus ntth »
18°.

Beiemnites Orbigojanus Diival, Belemn. 65. t, 8. f. <
D'Orb. Paleont. univ. t. 67. f. 10—16.. Terr. CreL St
10—16., JHoll. Viv. et Fas. \. fi39,, Belenm. n. 42.

Hob. (Etage Ncocomien.)

53. EEi.EMmTES coHicna. ^
Shell short, conical, rather cylindrical, thick, anteriol

posteriorly acuminated, acute, beneath longitudinaD

grooved ; groove keeled on the aides.
Beiemnites conicHB Blainv. Belemn. 118. t. 5. f. 4. vol

D'Orb. Paleoni. vnw. t. 68. f. 13. t. 71. f. 9—16., I

Supp. t. 6. f. 9—16^ MaU. Vie. et Fo». i. 545. n. 48.
Beiemnites exstinctorius llaspaH, Ann. Sc. d'Oba. i. 308l

(ndnit] IBSg. I

1

pp. t, 8. r. 8—13. t. 9. f. 1—6., Mdi. Vie. et Foa. \. 552
Greenland (Etage Neocomien),

15. BBLBXKICEa Baudodikd.

elongate, conical, Hmooth, anteriurl)' dilated, posteriorly c
Ute, acute, beneath grooved.

nnitea Baudouinii D'Orh. Pidiout. Fnai^. Terr. Cret. i.
7. t. 5. {. 1, 2., PaleoRt. mno. t. 76. f. I, 2., Mull. Vie. et j
144., BtUmTi. n. 46.
Greensand (Etage Neocomien).

jjG. Bblenkites poltoonalis.

I^ksate, Inneeokte, cnrnpreswU, anleriorly four-bidc^l a
^HiEove one-grooved, postenurly njuare, on the sides iluc
^Hknted, above and beneath poBleriorly flattened or ex-
BB; apex acuminate, pointed; alveolus at an angle of '20

bales polygonalis Blaine. Selemn. Supp. 121, n. iSS. t. S. f.
, IB27 : Batpail, Ana. Sc. dOba. i. 330.1829; D' Orb. Foleont.
k t. 66. f 1—8. 1. 12., Terr. Cret. Sap,., t. 7., Mull. Via. el
I. i. 546. n. 49. «

B Tetragonolnbi Raspail, 1. c. iii. 87. t. 4 f. 1—7. 1830. m

b Tetragoni Ratpait, I. c. iii. 87. t. 4. f. 8. 13. 1S30. fl

p Heteromorphi RoipaiL, I. e. iii. .S8. t. 4. f. 14 — 19. ■

hnites dilatatuj D'Orb. Terr. Cret. t.'i. f. 1—8. (exclua. S

niites iBoarelea Duval, Belernn. 4G. t. 1. T. 9—16. 1841. fl

nnites urnula Duval, I. c. 47. t. 2. I'. 1—7. 1841. ■

Bnites trabiformis Durul, I. c. 48. t. 2. f 8—14. 1841. fl

^tes aicj^oides Bural, I. c. 40. t. 2. I'. 15-20. lr<41. ■

III Greenaand (Etuge Neocomien). S

Douhtftd Species. I

ir, BEI.EMRITBB LAMELL.I. I

(ait«s lamella Faure Bigml, Cam. stir let Belemi. 3D. ii. 1. £■
I. 1819; nOrb. Paliimt. unit.. I. 77. f. 13-17.. PalealOM
a^. I. 37. f. 12—17., MM. Viv. et Foi. i. rST. n. 01. ■

. V»ldroae ea Diois. ^H

i

148 CATAtOO

UE or (

-.^^

58. BeLEURITES TAOl

WA.

MoU. Vis. el Fob. \. 557.

Bigvet,
. n. 58.

Bdenm.

40.

n,2,

1819

Fot. Valdrome en Dioia.

59. Belemnites cap'

PLU8.

Bckmnitea capulus Fanre

Bignet,

Belenm.

41.

n. S.

isie

Fo>. Oaaon.

61. Beibmhitbs coionn.LA.

Belpuitiites coronilU Fanre Big^iet, Belemn. 42. n. 5. 181

Moll. Viv. el Fot. i. 558. d. 61.
Fos. Commane.

62. BlBLEUHITES SIUQUA.

Belemnites siliqua Faare Bigvet, Belemn. 43. n, 6. 18It

Moll. Viv. el Fos. i. S59. n. 62.
Fos. Commane.

€3. Beleunites

e Bigvet, Belemn. 44. n. 7. 181!

Belemnites cassia Faure Bignet, Belemn. 44. n. 8. 1819
MoU. Vis. el Foa. i. 559. n. 64.

Foa. Commane.

64. BELEllinTBS

lei

M

Fot.

65. BELEHNITEa C

Belemnitea catafpa faure Biguel, Belemn. 45. n. 9. f.
D'Orb. Faleont. untji. t. 77. f. 18., Pal&mt. etrang. 1 1
M}ll. Viv. et Fos. \. 560. n. 65.
^<». Monte Cindie.

•. 66. Belemnites i
tcmnites attenuatus Fawe Bigvet, Bdemn, 47. n. 10. 1819 (not
tttenuatua Sow. 1828.) ; D'Orb. MoU. Vie. et Foi. i. 061. n. 66.
MV. Drome.

67. BSLEUNITBS CI.4Vd.

|«nimtefl clava Faure Bigiiel, Belenm.4a. n. 11. 1S19; D'Orb.
mUoa. Viv. eC Fos. i. 561. n. 67.
Ik Commanc.

s dactylus Faure Bigaet, Bdemn. 51. n. 13. t. . f. 6.
fc«J9; D'Orb. Palamt. aniv. t. 77. f. 19., Paliont. itrang. t. 37.
1 19., MaU. Viv. et Foi. I 563. n. 69.

mites digitus Faure Biguet, Bdemn. fll. a. 14. 1819 ; D'Orb.
laml. uiiiv. t. 77. f. 20— 22^ Paliont. iirang. t. 37. f. 20—22.,
aroU. Viv. et Fos. i. 563. n. 70.
I*. Drfime.

71. BeLEUHTTEB DIOITUI.CB.

lemnites digitulus Faure Bigsel, Bdemn. 53. □. 15. 1S19:
^'Orb. Moll Viv. et Fos. i. S64. n. 71.

72. BeLE UNITES

Kbmnites sirintus Faure Biguet, Btlemit. 53. n. 16. 1819 ; D'l^b.
JUM. Via. ft Fos. i. 564. n. 72.
W. Coromane.

73. Bblemnites dens.

Weiiinite« dens Faure Biguet, Belemn. 55. n. 17. 1819; D'Orb.
■itoU. Viv. el Poa. i. 364. n. 73.
P4. Couzoa.

162 oAtaloquji of caFHAioroDiA.

Pactitss BuroAATUs Mnif. Camek. 8mt S^8. gn.
Belemnites bifontns SMaUu Mm. JbfdL Tm. Tft.
Moa. Viv. etFos I 568.

Established bj Montfort from a bad figure of KmR^

89. Bbluiiiitbs uhguultus.

KnarTj MiomaiL iiL rr. sup. 146. t. 4. f. 8, 9.

Belemnites mignlitus SJdoiL.Peire/. 5a n. 9. 18S0; Jf(hk\

Viv. et Fo9, L 568.
Thalamus polymitus Mtmtf. Ccmck. SjfMt 323. 1806.

Established by ScUoth^m from a bad figure of Knon^i.

90. BsiJEMnrm alybolatus.

Callirhoe aWeolatns Mantf, Ctrnek. S^ 363. 1808.
Belemnites alveolatus D'Orh. MofL et Fto. L 569.

Established by Montfort upon an alveolus of a BelemmtCi

91. BELBinirrBS glabeb.

Knorr^ Monum. ii. sett, 2. 241. t. 1*. f. 4.

Cetocis glaber Montf. Conch, Syst 371. 1808.

Belemnites cretaceus glaber Schhth, Min. Tusch, vii. 69. t

1813.
Belemnites penicellatus ScJdoth, Petref, 50. n. 10. 1820.
Belemnites glaber D'Orb, MoU, Viv, et Fos. i. 569. 1845.

Established upon a rolled fragment ; indeterminable.

92. Belemnites poltforatus.

Knorr, Monuments, ii. sect. 2. 241. t. 1*. f. 1 — 3.'
Acamas poljforatus Mmtf, Conch, Syst, 374. 1808.
Belemnites polyforatus Schloth, Min, Tasch, vii. 69. 1813, h

50. n. 11.; Blfiinv, Belemn, 103. n. 45.; UOrh, MoUJi

Fos, i. 569.

Belemnites ungulatus Blainv, Belemn, 78. n. 18. 1827 (not^fli
1813).

Established upon a bad figure of Knorr's,

93. Belemnites pykgopolon Mosa.

^yrgopolon JVlosae Montf, Conch, Syst, 394. gen. 99. 1808.
^^i^J^nites pyrgopolon Mosje Schloth. Min. Tasch, vii. lift I^

I) Orb. Moll, Viv. et Fos, i. bm.
belemnites canalicvila.tvia ScAfofA, Petref. 49. n. 7. 1820.

Established by MoivttoxX. \x^aa ^ ^T^^m^^TsX ^1 ^^5555sA.BfiIe»ii

\

Mam. '. . . . r. '.-'M . .^ffTxr. .^m. ..'.t. -^i.
WOn. Pif'^^r. 7j:.-. . '" . '. .'ZimaL 'irrrur. ■ ..'

K. ""-. '- .' -i- ■ ■■' .. ^

«*^!. ZrlLJZJrTrES '-iiEv-sTn.

KL ••■ III-. ijr.T— tt:^:.""!. ■T'.ffi " -rr -.nK .-iw.

BniTiri! ?-«rr it;: .J.-*.</». jr;ir:;r. ../iJ/A. '--f .. ;0. -.. . -.W-

i.r.ocr"ptiaL ..nett«.
87 2eL2iiTnTL5 ■TiTr>r5.

ttinit<'5 mr.ur^ Jlfum;. .'ii^jntn. .01. -.. -i ■.-..■. '.-V. -V
^'J— » ?ur:int. mir. -. "7. . j. . "... .^''.ifgmL tnnr. .."
X ... "".iuL i'^nrr-:, JijU. "'L.t .•>«. .. .;A^.

^LL.'jl^iUK'.L )^ il&ir.Tiile. rRm <. ony ^f .. .ail .ogni -.-mi
fcr. •«i::r,. -» .*. . -

ISTEKS

C*TAt1GDe or CEPDALOPODA.

A P r E N D I S.

I

Beak of Cephalopoda.

1. CO fNCHUS.

,4 Bimai unknown. — Berd Mandibles triangulw.b

upper? angular mfron agularexternallj, nndtu

with radiatins ribs, three and tliree lateral ; (he

[uirt uoncave; dental edge v»ui ■< ^lur [iTommenees andde
sions; the lower ? with radiating .ibs, 'witli a hood in Iroot
anturior end blunt, and the dental part with strong iaix\l.

(ilossopetrea sp. and Histerolites ap. Knorr.

lihyncholites Munater, Beitr. 1829.

Canf-harhj-Dnhai BUtinviUe, BeUma. 115. 1827; D'Orb.Molh
etFos.i. 587.

I-epodites Schlotheim, PeCref. 1820,

Sepia rostrum Blianetiiiach, Arelt. i. 21, ; Bronfr'^. Aim. Sk.lfdl
483. i Gaillardot, Ann. Sic. Nat. ii. 1824. 485.

Foj. Muschelkalk.

1. CoNCHOBHTNCHUS AVIROSTREE. I

EecA triangular. I

Kaorr, ii. t. 11. i. a. f. 9, 10. 1768. '

Giiielin, N. G. Mimral, iii. t. 6. f. 79, 80.
Sckroet. Lgl. Lesic. t'uL 207.

Sepia rostrum BlumeiAach, Arek. i. 21. t. 2. f. S. a. (b. cP)
Bee de S^he GaM. Aim. Sei. Nat. 1824. ii. t. 32. f. 12.
Lepadifes avirostrea SckMheim, Petref. 169. 1. 29. f. 10. 1820.
CoiicfaarhyDchus oroatus Blainv. Belenai. IIS. t. 4. f. 12. 1827.
Khyncholites Gaillardoti Ziete/t, Wiim. 49. t. 37. f. 3. ISM

tiarlm. Wwtz. 31. t. 37. f. 2. 1830 ; D'Orb. Attn. Sei Sd.i

219.
Sepia Gaillardoti Keferit. Diet. Nat. S3. 1834.

horhynchTia avirostris Bronrt, Lethaa, Geog. 1827; Mumter, •
itr. 1839, L 69. t. 5. f. 2, S. ; D'Ork Paleoid. unio. t. 78. f. 1.
MoU. Viv. el Fos. 390. t. 38. i. I. 6.

a. Musthelkalfc, upper lajer. Bajreuth. Presented by J. E.
Gray, Esq.

2. CoSCHORBTNCHrS DrPLICATTS.

icolitus duplicatu3 Munsler, Beilr. i. 70. t. 5. f. 5. 1829.
kothyachm duplicaius B' Orb. Paleoid. univ. t. 73. f. 7. 10.,
oC, Viv. el Fos. t. 38. f. 7 — 10. from filunster.
Muachelkalk, Bavaria.

3. CONCHOEHTNCHWS CaSSIANUS.

ihorhyncbua Cassianus Meyer-Klepatein, Seitr. z. Geog. 14S.
9. f. 7. 1843 ; D'Orb. Paleont. univ. t. 73. f. 7—10., MM. Viv.
fo*. i. S91. t. 38. f. II, 12. from Klepstein.
UBUnicus Bronjt, Gesck. d. Nat. ill. 323. 4jb

«. Musclielkaik, salifcrom bed, AustrJaa Alps. ^^^

2. EHYNCHOLITES. '^

al unknown. — Beak testaceous, depressed, triangular or
ngatc, broader than thick ; above angular, smoolb, convex ;
UguW, acuminated in front, broad beliind, and ending ia
a nioglike expanaions.

icolithea ap. Favre Bigvet, 1819; Sousaeau, Voy. Demd.;
Orb. Tab. Cepkai. 72., Ann. Sci. Nat. v. 9. t. 6. f. 2. 1825.
ichoteuthis DOrb. MoU. Viv. et Foi. i. 593. 1847.
I, Of tlie Jurassic period.

* Kelloieay Roek.
1. Rhtbchoutes hohohatiahds.
ichoteuthis hoDoratianus D'Orb. Paleont. i

47^ MnU. Fid. el Fot. i

1. f. 1—4.

Dignes, Lower Alps.

2, BBincnouTES atstihtjatus.

tcbolites antitjuittus Rousaean, Voy. Demid. t. 1. f.
Uhoteutliiu antiqnutus UOrb. MoU. Vie. et Foa. i.

i

. 4.

upp.

1

156

*• Oxford Cles-

3. RHTMCHOLrrBB Embbici.

Anterior part smooth, keeled above, much pointed in fro
Rhyncholites Emerici D'Orb. Tab. CiphaL 72. 1823.
Rhjncholite aigu Blainv. Beiemn. t, 5. f. 22. 1827.
RhynchoteuthiB Emerici D'Orb. Palioni. laiiv. t. 79,

MoB. Viv. etFos. \. 595. t 39. f. 9. 12.
Fo». Digues.

4. Rbtncboutes Labus.

Elnnt in front, wilh a prominence beneath.
Rhyncholitea Lurns Faure Biguet, 58. t, I. f. 2. t. 6. i

D'Orb. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1825. v. 8, t. 6. f. 2.
RbynchotPuthiB haxasD'Orb. Paliottt. vniv. L t, 79. f. 13

Moll Viv. et Fo». i. 396. t. 39. f. 13. 16.
Foa. Eians.

5. RHIKCBOLrTEB C0«IJA]rMA»U8,

Front part smooth, pointed ; hinder part concave, wilh

pwjvej wing short.
BhTDuhoteuthia CoquandianuB D'Orb, PaUont. unit), i,

20t Moll. Viv. el Fob. i. 597. t. 39. f. 17. 20.
R. Larua, lower mandibles, D'Orb. 1. c.

Foi. Rians.

3 * Neocomien.

6. RkTHCHOUTES ALATUa.

Beak of BeUmmtea Emerici f

Rhynchoteuthis alatus D'Orb. Palioni, uniD. i. t. 80. f. 1

MolL Viv. el Fo*. i. 59B.
Fo». Chea«n.

4 • Apiien.

7. Rhtnchoutbb abtebunub.
Rh^choteuthis astenanos D'Orb. Palioni. nnt'e. i. t (

1847, MoU. Viv. et Fot. i. 598.
.^ot. Blieux.

5 • Sew)ien.

S DUTEUPLEI.

le R, Jiiiierici, but shorter.

ijncholeutUia DutemplBi D'Orb. Moll Viv. et Fos. i. 599.

Pm. CheTOL

Dovbtful Species.
9. Bhthchoutkb tubbrcclatus.
IJTicholites tuberculatus Favre Bigitet, 39. 1809.
yncboteuthb tuberculatua If Orb. Moll. Viv. et Fat. i. 60C
nt. Valdrume.

■ 10. EhTNCHOLITES UNIDBSTATUa.

mcholites unidentatua Faure Bigvel, 38, 1819,

mchoteutbis unidentatus i)"0r6. Poieoni. unie. 1847, Moi(. Vi

I Fot. am.

11. Rhtncholitgs s

I

A

AddiHons and Correciiom.

Lt. Frederick Edwards having re-examined the BelopUra
Ikala (p. 118.) of ilr. James Sowerby, and formed a genua for
IWe character is here given, and thej should be added at p. 118.

4. BELEJINOPSIS.

*»n/ P — Shell internal, oblong, semi-conical; apei

itf exed towantg the ventral aspect, and elongaled into an umbo i
he anterior part with a deep seuii-conical cavity, ending in a
bwe at the ventral side of the umbo intenially ; cavity lined
■A two concentric calcareous layers, continued over the
~"" 1 surface, and eoreloping a series of transverae ae^lti,
' d bjr a veatni siphon.

BeleinnopBis F, Edtearda, Cephalopei of Loadoa Clay, 38. i
Beloptera sp, Sow, Mijt. Conch,

This genus is, perhaps, the type of a new family.

Beloptera anomul^ p. IIS.

Betemnopsia plicata F, Edwardi, Ceph. London Clai/, 40. t.

Fos. London Claj. Cabinet of F. Edwards, Esq,

4

INDEX.

X'i"''*-

Fiitramll. LdI 61.
BanruDlI, Omcnut. 61.
BuiUbgll, LdI. M.

uMpniu. cwh.1, a.

Banlingii, OnilhQi. M.

BoudoJn 1. ail. nr.

•Dtlllaruiq, Sip. 110.
antl<iua, Sep. 1^3.

intl<iuiiiui, Rbjnchol, IM.

inllquatiu, Hhjndiot. IM.

Belftnnitt, 111.

BELemnHidi.afi, IIB,

.p.m,..8ep.w!l"3."

(P^c nnui. Be . 136.

BelrniDaniDrplKl. 1)1.

■l-f-'-tfii"-

Bolemnophorli.113.

apkolinu, Bol. 141.

•ntllC*, PlBTOl. 64.

HEllarrrM, HpltuLlr. 117.

■nblnu, Omnuil. 63. U.

BLtlnntl, Onjchol. M.
B..lo,,d,U,S6.

M,m^oa.i.7.

UMl«ll.,Oct.S.lB.

B..l>,|.lo.».9J. UT.ISS.

Argo. argon. 30,31.3133

BplmtpH. 97.

ArgoiuuU, 10.

BclDteuthli. 67. «3. 39.

SS'^Sii--."-

Ber«ll!onycho{.6S,U.
BrrthdottUol.TD.

fl«1in^faS^l»' '"■

ArgD.,Ocit.'80.'

irnui. Oc'l. ID.

Bl«KOnll, Lol. 61.

Biucoall, Onimul. M.

ISISeS^p^m-m.

bl<mKiil*[>,S.pl«.S1.

■mUU. ODTEhOt. ».

uurlinui. tlHTiKhol. lU.

blcaoalluulitui, Bd. 1

uulgi, Si. }d"'

biforatu.lp.ci. lei.

81™

Cphilflpaili:! )iolTth>tini

■, HUllM.tEI. CbaadroicpU, 7«.

DonpLuidl, CblrM. H. cbnxnoiiili*, Lollgop. <1-

HOBplmdl. LdIIedp. <4. Chnuuir. 1X9.

MnwlU. B«l. lA. chtrKjihUliBui. Lol. 41. , ,

IhHcll, Octop. b, 13. ehryptophCiImoi, Sep. 43. ^UDdrkw.

Bourrcliateiithli. a. drrhrui, Faulp^ O.

Bi*dili>«t>Nll«. 1- clrrtioiiu, ElcdoDB, B

BnulUnifi.Lol. M.n. Elrrtmiui, OeCiH>.%.

bnTtoflpfl. OelQp. D. Cltrbountlili, n-

hmtronnlt, Bel. IB. Clmlaillilt, <. ».

brMlpai, OoUHi. 10. Clitanii. (. V>.

bMtrpliii<i(.La1.E«. Clin. Bet. lU.

bmrliDUrJi, B«1. 130. lO. C1»MI, 1M.

DgubrublMI,!

TSA..

Dflfr.ncil, Sep.
Uelphlnui. Bd.

■XC:Si.

ft™sa

Sep.ill.

•.Rel UH.IJI. D«lgoIu.fcS«

mQhi... l«.

el. 14«.

d wuKblLCa

, BfL. m. 13

dnbnnil,BeLI

'BiiViis.

d gtulii, Bel. 1

d;kultu.Bel.'

j.J^ il'hfni

!hot. DlWtu«,BeL

canUopterA, Ln]. b4. coquandiu, BhI- 139.

^o£m^ oSj^IiSl'k. m™Ku«. bS" w!k''' '

audh^r*, 8*p. B7. Cornu Aninouli, IJB.

anUopMra, geplaU. 07. Cornu HmdidoiiIi. IIA.

Cireiii, OdDp. 19. Corau Hunnouli ti«ll

donuii, SepM
dobla, LollM.
iabU,rtnt7lt

a^iSn. Oa jchdt. ST.
mrli™,Oiirk.67.
urluuiu, Bclannlt. 19

cvuncuUtA, Sep. 70.

Cuiluiui.'Conohnr. II
Cuilopei. Octop. i.
cMtalpa. Bel. Hi.
alrnuOlai, OElop.SG
oiadeti, Sep. 111.
CmumoatU, Teutb, M
CbIkbo, eO. 88.

J^v'X"*^

mnluVinui, ^^. \«^
Cnw>u,^«\.^%.

hjalijiui. Phllu. »

■Hnnuliu. B«i, 149. hjbridiu, Bcj. lie.

>l. IM. glutei, B^. V.

lodlciu. ^Uqi.'st

ClHwpMm, 1B3. Lddckedhi. ka. la

Gnnalui, 66, £7. tntcnnei)^ Onr. <

BondoK Argon. M. ImenBHilm. Oiim

gridlti. Bel. IZT. I3S. Irregulsrli. Bri. I'

(TUllil. Bn^ol. SI. JacDbi. Rnii. M.

(irsDriirannli, Ar|op.4I. JuuMn, B«l. It3.

giBEidlb, BpL. lal. jkpoulca, Scplflt. i

0™i'iS^*BKl. UO. K.

grmulHiI. La PtHilpe. 8.

Siniil'tiu, Oa. S. Kirghiienili. BrI

itilanm, BeI. 147. Koclllkerl. O«o|i

Rurdwldicf , Lol. fl9.

■;>. „ HFlsdanK.ll. Uu BrIai.iniK. sfi.

?&■•"' Ilel>ctk<II, Bel. [40. IjiU. a«H, M.

'^ Hnnprkbll. Sepln). 62. lau. OnTCtiiM. B9.

JSi in* HBUromnrpbt. i«. UlLm.n'ui. S™. 97. 101.

Il^ii. hel8tgpoiliu,0el.S. 18. ImliulMr-it. Ad l».

'*- HibolKhm. m. ' L<siuhti,3§.

HJiIoirtliU. 113. \^cbn\.%> .%.\«L

lionDrilliuiai, KhynehiA. li-iitiMn. (W^ . \«^ .

Utan,lU. -- ,

LoIJSh,M. Booothd^'--'--

MtfiIftnli,aM«r<w.tt. ».

lolltla«i)nili,avM.I<S. MorMLAb.!

L^lfO, K.4T. H, W. H. W. MsrItU, liw|

•*•■"' HoriilLOun

LoUiomU.BR. 43, 43.

L<lU|(iM|ila,«6.
toDgunaDiUi Octoif- 14-
longlpn, OdDp. is.
longJpH, FdL la.
lODgiraurii, Bap. HI.

rnoMlUlU, Sng. XL

IimiiMa, SaploLTH.
hmaUtiH. ObtDP. A. II
I.TdCI«, Sap. IU3.

nugDi, LoL (B.
m^nlBcui, Bel. I:

iD^or. 9kph>l-R3.

TtOfitCVkllMin.'

nltld^ Ai^on.'st.
nodosa, Argoa. 3B.

Ni>io™»v.m,m.

KotoalpinUn. va. Vu
niX'ufteau. ill.'

Octopui, Sspii.1.

85K;l,-i!',v

Oc>thoiiI».a.u.

OcTtbulna, »
Ocjtue, ao.

OiirclmteuibldB, Kl
OnFciia(euttili,(£.IM

vanua, BaL M

enll, Arfui. M.
tnlU Eoop'oi,*.

f

F

I«PBX.

163

PompIKu!, 30.

s.

PDr»dnmiu. 133.

snglltnu. Brl-iDn"!, 97.

.aillLla, Ccot. H7.

i^iltilii Lol. wl'sD, 70.

«"

iflgiluifl. Onjclioc 13.86.

E>'.fu"ioEUlui.?M.

Bfluitijuiit, Ummul.lS.M.

™i. 31.M.

Klr.^on™°'ll''

s.pWi*oWn.

dcrpt. 1LT.

pulrhfit Lol. 70.

piin.tiiuu. Oelop. 33.

itH^^t^U-tn.

Savlenll. Sep. 104.

lubra. Crunch. »4.

piS»«.u,,Brl.lW.

ScaulE. Bul^isniC.lia.

Bsl. 133.

Sciadf phoru.. io. '

i?l:

J,rr(o™.l.,Ix,1.7'5.76.

acladophoru., 13.

1.11*.

prl(»r°il<. Teixl. 76.

Septalnk, 3. 35.

.An.

man. M, es

qu<l.U>.'Bri;mDi»l.m.

^w.V^IIsl'm^''*'"'

Sepiicei.M. 113

Ht^ii-itK.ari, 36 96.113.

m! im. isa.

Hepluda, Cqihnl. i.

'""«"«

SepiK, M.

I^'XC^'^'""'"'

Si.i.lonn. sa.

rU. BpI. us

Replntls. M.

1..TO.

gr>pids.37. U6.

M.

SejilidE, 3S.

3. 14. 9.

Sepil,.B,3.V

K.plD-,>!s.flf;-

SrploWefcBElop.nl.

M.

lt.inpl.nB. Sep, 97. 101.

Sepiuldca. Lol. 7H.

Tiir,^,,.,. Argon. 34.

Mpl.,iileB,SBplul. Bl.

ID.

3:^?"0fi."-

iieplolB.M.67.8S.Sl,91.

<iepi..IfcL.il,'J3.M.

■M. lii. Ni

RtlcDl>l>i>, 6el. I.Si

fcf plola. Sup. Ba.

wpiola Pcronil. Lnlinop, 41

"iw.

B(Tn»udll. Lol. V3.

Scp'loleil 3S.

HI,Vl!Cholll«. IM.

SeploUilB, OS.

RhhicolUhFi, IM.

ScplnlllM, B9.

V-h^W.

Sepl,]|.hDr»,35.

LI4».

Kplc.ttPi.l, ClcHi.GZ.

BoadslKI, Supiol. na.

Srpl">ler«, 117,

a'"-

Roul., »: M.

S«plmpulhi..66. ;b

Siiul,, O,.t„pod^. 91.

rsssi.*Si.v.'?«.

MkLlfiu-lopoLSI.

roll rum, S^ IH.

aicula. VirranU. SI.

iiuc. iO,

Bomil. Sep.M. l«.

Ilryolda.. B»l. 117.

rnf^Arpn'i.M

.Urq,.., Bfl. IIS.

rug™.8»plfci. 11.M.

.tue...!.. Odop. 19.

ru«»ui, Bel HS.

rt™nA.,»*,,».\J»,

HTm'rUS^ V'lO.-,

BVno(«,&.-V,\W.

J^up'p.■l1H,"HiffioL''^^

iHiurtMt.WA.X-A

^HHln^■«.B•^^'>V•*^'-

164

Sloanii, Ommast. 61.
Slo«nli. 8n>ioc. 81.
Smithii, Eaoplot 47.
SmithU. Lol. 47.
SoDichli, B«L 134.
tpAthulut. Bel. 144
•padoM, Acanthot. 5S.
tpecioM, KeUrao, 53
tpecioM, BelraanoK. 87.
spfidoM, tieot. 87.
tpioota, Kelcno, 62.
tpiaoM, Onvchot. 52.
soiralit, Lol. 77.
Spiriformia et Belemnopho-

ra, Cephal. 1)3.
Spiriformia, 113.
Spirula, 1 15.
spirula, Naut. 115.
Spirularia, 118.
Spirulca, 115.
8piruUd«,36. 113.
Spirulirostra, 11&
stenodactyla, Sepiol. 94.
striata. Argon. 32.
striatulus, Belemnit. 126.
striatus, Belemnitut, 122.
striatut, Belemnit 127. 149.
Rtriatut, Pseudob. 127.
subaduncatus, BelAmn. 125.
subad«incu», Belemnit. 125.
subclaratus, Bel. 128. 134.
subconicut, Belemnit. 122.
subcostata, Belot. 85.
Kubdepressiis, Beleron. 128.
BubfusiformiM, Bel. 142.
siibovata, Onychot. 52.
tubpapillatns, Belemn. 126.
Bubquadratiis, Bel. 134.
Bubsagittata, Enoplot. 49.
subsaRittata, Lol. 49.
Bubstriata, Belot. 85.
BubBtriattit, Serial. 85.
subula, Belemnit. 128.
Bubulata, Lol. 77.
subulata, Ross. 89.
subulata, Sepiol. 90.
subungulatus, Bel. 151.
subventricosa. Act. 123.
subventricosa, Belemn. 123.
subventricosus, Bel^m. 123.
sulcata, Ariion. .32.
sulcatus, Bel. 135. 136.
sulculatiis, Bel. 150.
sumatreiisis, Lol. 77.
sumatrensis, Teut. 77.

tiiperdllonu, Oct. 5. 13.
•ymmetricuc, Bel. 142.

T.

Tang Siao, Oct. 6.
tchuelchus, Oct. 5.
Tchuelchuf, Oct. 9.
tenuis, Belemnit 127.
tenuis, Naut. 34.
teres, Belemnit 135.
Tessonianus, Bel. 135.
testacea, C'ephal. 29.
(testa nulla), Cepbal. 3.
testa uoilocularia, Ceph. 39.
tetracirrhus, Oct. 5. li, 12.
tetradjiiamus, Octop. 17.
Tetragooolobi, 147.
I'etraicoui, 147
Teudopsis, 67, 68. 83. 123.
Teuthid«. 37. 45. 66.
Tfuthis, 66. 76.
Teuthomorpha, 96.
Teiithopsis, 83. 85.
Thalamus, 123.
Tilesii, Loligop. 42.
todarus, Lol. lio.
todarus, Ommast. 60.
tonitruum, Bel. 150.
toniHtilis, Bel. 150.
trabiformis, Bel. 147.
Tremoctopus, 24. 27.
tricaniculatus, Bel. 137.
tricarinata, Lol. 73.
tric>«rinata, Onychot. .52.
trifldus, Belemnit 128.
tripartitus, Belemnit. 127.
triqueter, Bel. 144.
trisulcatus, Belenrnit. 127.
truncatiis, Bel. 146.
tuberculata. Argon. 33.
tuberculata, Sep. 98. 102.
tub Tculacus, Oct. 5. 12, 13.

26 30.
tulierciiiatus, Ocyt. 30.
ttiberrulatus, Philo. '26.
tuberculatus, Rhynchol. 157 .
tulu>rculatus, Khyn. \h7.
ttiberrulosa. Argon. 3<.
tubiilaris. Be mnit. 126.
tubulosus, Bel. 150.
tunicata, Sep. 61.
turgidus, Belemnit. 126.

U.

Ultimas. Bel. 144.
uratrflicatu*, BelenlLl
uncinata, Onychot M»^
uncinatu*. Lol. M.
ungulculata, Enoplet^
ungulailata, Lol. 49.
ungulculata, Sep. 49.
ungulatus, Bel. 151, f
unicaniculatus M. 1
unicirrhus, Oct. 7.
unisulcatus, BelemoILl
umula, Bel. 147.

V.

Tagina, Bel. 147. J
Vanicorientis. LA. O. ]
Tariegatus Bel. 144.
Tariolatus, Oc(op. It i
▼elatus, Octop. SB.
▼eiat'iS. Phiso. 28^ j
Telifer, Octop. S8. I
velifer, Philo. 28.
ventricosus, Octop. ft j
▼entroplanus, Bel. lA j
venusta, Belot. Vl •
▼eiiiista, Sep 112.
venustiis, Oct. h. 16.
venustus, Sepio itb. IH
vera, Belemnitel. 121. <
Veranla, 51.
Veranyi, Chirot. 43.
Verany, Enoplot. 48.
V#»ranyi, Loligop. 44.
Verany, Octoii. 26.
vermicolaris, Loligop. 41
vermiculata, Sep. 97. M
verus. Act. 121.
violaceus, Octop. 28.
violaceus, Tremo. 27,tt
Viceliiis, Sep. 100.
vitrea. Argon. 32.
Volgensis, Bel. 14a
vulgaris, Belemnit I2^
vu garis, Oct. 5, 6.
vulgaris, Lol. 70. 72.
vii'garis, Sepiol. 93, 9i
vulgaris, Spir. 116.

Z.

Zygttna, Loligop. 40.

THE END.

"LowvOH *.

SPOTTia^ooDia aT\A ^vhk"*,
K e w -fctteel-^^viaxe .

CATALOGUE

or THE

^OLLUSCA

IN

THE COLLECTION

or THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

PART If.

P T E R O P O D A

INTRD BY ORDER OF THE TRTJSTEES.

LONDON, IMO.

LONDON :
PRINTED BT EDWARD NEWMAN,

9, DEVONSHIRE ST., BI8HOPSOATB.

libjects in fonaing the present Synoptical Cata-
beeii, to exhibit at one view a complete list of all
ais of MoLLUBCA in the British Museum collec-
:> famish such an account of the species known

otiiei collections, hut which are at this time
n the British Museum, as the materials at hand
lit me to compile, in order to enable travellers.
and others, to assist in completing the national

purpose, short descriptions have been given of all
and species of recent Mollusca now known to
I different museums and private collections, and
r-lmown fossil species of the various bmilies.
nd of each description is added an enumeration,
Mtaie, age, country, or strata, and other pecu-
r each specimen of the kind in tlie Museum
and, when the species is not at present in that
the museum in which it has been observed is
1 after the general habitat or locality of the 8pe-
I different individuals of each species contained
n Museum collection lu'e indicated by the letters

lecimeas which have been presented to the Museum
! of the donor marked immeivii.VeX'j «^Vet fea

IV

FRBFAGS.

habitat. When there is no each indicalioii^ the
ha?e been either purchased or procured in ezehangs; wAk\
this case, whenever the place or person fimn whom thejlwrj
been received gives anthentidty to the spednMn, or
anything to thehr history, they are nofad as being fion
and soch a collection or locality. Great attention has
naid to dales, and the gfi MT if and anecific names
afypear id po s sesa priority in tihia rtaqwet have ban
Beference has also been made to thi^ maSn -in wUeh
gsneni and apedes qjpear to have berai fint deseiM
noticed.

Catalognea like the pTssent can ber^liiie moMthan
pilations, and I have freely availed myself of the kboon
my predecessors in the same field ; especially of those
have published monographs of the different groups: bat
characters of the orders, fiunilies, minor groups, and
have been compared and revised with the specimens.

J. E. GRAY.

WthJoMuaryy 1850.

CATALOGUE

PTEROPODA.

Class IV. PTEROPODA.

kj more oi less distinct. Eyes noue. Mouth ollen fumisbed

ptii cup-shaped appendages.

• 3 OQ tLe Bides of the mouth, or 3 or rarely 4 on ibe side of the

ody between the head and abdowen; often furnished with a

■uul intermedial lobe between them, apparentty the rudiment

F the foot of Gasleropodee.

Igf ovate or ronndish, often enclosed Id a thin, conical, cyliDdrica)

r sufaglobular shell, with a transverse contracted mouth.

iioidtial imisexnai ?

mah free, floating on the eurfaee of the sea hy the assistance of

leii fins, Nocturnal or crepusinilar.

i,£nmme,Jam.386,l7!i6; Lun. S. N. ti. 12, i. 1091, 1767.
Diuca Brachials, part, Pali. Test. Sicil. i. 37.
Rosea nnda nageaot, part, Latr. Diet. Hut. Nat, Tisiv.l08,1S04.
ihalopoda pinnata, Eick. Zool. Allan, iii. 1 829 ; Mtnke, ZeitKhr.
Vol. 73, 1844.

Mbnuiijies (ou Fterodibranches), Blaim. Bull. Soe. PAiM^B
614, 1 77 : Orrpin. Anim. i. t. 6, 1 822. ^M

rodib^anchiata, Blainr. Bull. Soc. Philom. IS16, 28, 122. ^H
phales, part, Blaim. Bull. Soe. Philom. 1814, 179. ^M

gopodu (Pteropodes), Cuiier, Ann. du Afiu. iv. 223, 1804 ; Smai^
h§<A. d. NalHT. iii. 353, 1847; DOrb. Voy. Amer. Merid. 65',
^,Maa.J/oll. 112, 1829; Gto^, Proc. Zool. Soi:.\ft\T ,^«i..

TheroziHi pleropoda, Hichw. Zoal. .Spec. i. 310. ^^^^*

Forskal (Faun. Arab. 124) and Lamarck {Hut. ed. V
compared tlie upper and lower part uf the shdl of a B^
Talres of the Brachiopades, which they regard tts unile^
but this is a mere analogical TeBemblance in die sin^
and not a true resemblance resulting irom an; affinity, as
bf the form iif the valves of the other genera of the oH
shell of the Pteropoda, is a single valves, analogous to |
valves of the Gasteropodes, aod to one {and not hoik) of I
of the Brachiopodes.

Loven compares the fins on the side of the head to tl
the side of the bend of tlie frotal or first-hatched shell ofGail
which are sometimes retained in the form of a fringe on
of the bod; io the adult antmal, as Turbo, TrochuB, &c.

M. D'Orbigny gives the following as the result of hit
tioDS on the geogrupbic:il distiibutioD and habits of these
Of the 29 species which he has observed, 14 ore equalM
to all the seas, at least to the Atlantic and PacIBc Ocean
onlj been observed in ihe Atlantic, and 4 m the Pacific :'
29 species ore entirelr nocturnal and 11 crepuscular. (V
Mend. MoU. 73).

The following genera or species have been erroneous^
to this class: —

1. Callianaria (diploptera), Penm Sf Lemewr, Atm. Mu
2, f. 16, " is probably a Beroe," Blaimi. ',

[talea Planci, iesueur, Attn. Mm. sv, {Planehiis Mitt. CoTtch.

t. 2, f. 6, 9, ft, t), is also a Biloculina.

>BNTALiui< trachea, Montague, whicli liaa ^een fonned into ti
RenuH by TBiiona authors, under different Dames, — as CiEcuiti
rjFV«7niiij),BTOclnie(Broume),Odoiitidium (PAi/ippi), Cajcaliuni
{MaegUlieray'], OdoDtostoma (Canfraine), DeDtalopsts (Vlariie),
Odontina {Zhorzewshy), — has been doubtl'ully ceferred to this
order bj M. PhiliTOi {MoU. Sieil. 102). It has lately been
pTOred by Mr. Clarke {Ann. arid Mag. Nat. HUt. ie4») tobe im
Circulated Gasleropode which will form a new fiunily, which
may be called Caciaa, among the division of the Clenabran-
ehiata.

JCDULUB, P/iilippi, probably belongs to the same group.

Jbhtalidh GaduE, Montagite, quoted es the genus Gadwi bv
Sang j* UOrbigny (Vay. Aawr. Mend. MoU. 75), and referred
to the genuB Creseii by Rang, appears to be a true Denlaliitm.

Si/nopiii of the Orders and Familist.

a I. TBECoaoMiTA. Body inclosed in a shell. Head not dis-
tinct. Wings %,an the side of the vtouth. Gills tnlenud.

8ab-order 1. Animal and shell straight. Operc^tlvm none.

I. I. Cavolinid^. Shell calcareous, globular and conical.

Dimal without any foot-like appendage between the fins.

I, 3. TaiPTERiDf. Shell calcareous, subcylindrical or cunicul.

nimal with a. foot~like appendix between tbe fins.

L 3. Cyhbuliad^. Shell cactilaginouit.

Sub-order II. Animal and thell tjaral. Opereulam spiral.

1, 4. LiMAOiNADf. Animal spiral. Shell spiral, sinistral.

ei n. GYMNoeoBUTA. Body naied. Head distinct. Witts'
er 4, on the ride of the neck, with an iiUentiediate foot-like ap-
pendage. Gills external.

n. 6. CLiONEiDiE. Head with fi conical tentacles. Fins 2.
1.0. pNEdHODERuiDx. Headwith 2 disk-bearing arms. Fin5'2.
1. 7. CvKoTtOL-iDs. Head simple. Vins \.

i

Bf Order I. THECOSOMATA/fl

Baify inclosed in a shell.

Head indistinct, with two nings on the sidea of the tDoutL
GUU iot^nial. Tooth of lingual membrane booked, witb a tB
hooked tooth on each siie.-^Loven, t. 3, f. 5, 6.

TheoDSoma, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. xsxii. 371 (1824) ; MtUt

(1825).
TbeaOBOniaia," Blainv." Rang. Man. 113; Gray, Syn.B.X.H

8fi, 92 ; Proe. Zool. Soc. 1848, 203.
Ciyptocephnla, Latr. Fam. Nat. 169, 1825.
Pterobranchia and Daelyliobrancliia, Gray, Land. Med. Rep. II

235. .

Fam. Hjalea, Fenasac. .^^

Bj'aleB, Ramj, 3fan. MoU. 1 13 (1829). ^^1

Hyala;acea, Menke, Syn. 1830. ^^H

Bjalinees, D'Orb. Voy. Atner. Merid. 77. ^^^|

Hyalidees, Hjalidie, DOrb. MoU. Cuba, 70, 71, 1U\. ^H

Sub-order I. Body and ihell ttraiykl or globular. Opermlvm i
Fam I. CAVOLINID^.

Animal with two united fios, without any posterior foot-Jil
pendage between them. Abdomen voluminous, Gilli iB]
internal superior orgBua of geneiatioa on right side.

Shell calcaieouE, syntnietrical, elongate or globular.

Dactyliobianchia, Gray, Land. Med. Bepot. 1S31.
Cleodorid*, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mm. 184; Proc. ZooL SiK.\
203 ! Fig. Moi. Anim. i. t. 77, 78. '

HyaleB) (Les Hyales], Ferw. Tabl. 35, 1821 ; Baag, JEki

1839; Beth. Enry. Metk. iii. 310.
Hyalieacea! (Hyaleacec), Menke, Syn. 4, 1S38. ii

HyaJsacea, Menie, Syii. ed. 3, 6, 1830.

Hjaleacea, Herrmannsea, Gen. i. 543, 1846. 1

HyalidK (or Hyaleids), Cantraim, Malae. Medic. 23, 1B4L I
Auepbalacis inequivalvibus bivalvibus, Lamk. Syit. 139. I
HyaiiAs, I/Orb. Moll. Canar. im? ; Moll. Cuba, i. 70, letU
Acephales, part, Latr. Diet. Hist, Nat. sxiv. 119, 1804;*
Bu^l. Soe. Phil. 18U, A79.

Shell subglobalai.
parate lateral slit ou each side.
)iiCHiA. Shell globular. Mouth
slit an each side.

SytiojwU 0/ ike Genera.

Mouth contracted, with u ee-

icted, with a eontiguuus

Jlio. Shell elungate, angular, conical. Month expanded.
without any kteial slit,

Jaujjthtm. Shell triangular, depressed, transverse, waved.
Mouth oblong, narrow, oblique, tvithout an; side slit.
^AOiNELLA. Shell oblong, ventricose, smooth; apex conical.
Jdouth contracted, narrow, tmnaverBe, without any side slit.
tmioLA. Shell conical, suhcyliudrical, tapering. Mouth ex-
panded, without any lateral slits. h

A. Shell Kith lateral slit, emitting the mniUle. ^M

1. CAVOLINA.

f diort, sometimes furnished with lateral appendages. — Shell

Dbular ; mouth narrower than the internal cavity, with a late-

1 alit on each side, interrupted in front. ■

dins (tridentata),(7u>eiii,i)iuc. 4to, Naples, 1763; AbUd. Skrict.

sOtiy. SeLi. i. 171, 1791, not Brug. 1792; Schian, Sssai, 9.

la (tridentala), Retzim, Nov. Gen. 1788.

da, Humph. Mui. Cat. 1797.

IBS, Lorn*. Prod. 1799; 5ys(. A. S. V. 139, 1801; Hnt. vi.

H, ei- 3, vii. 413 ; Ctmi-r, Aaat. Comp. JSOD ; Ann. dit Mai. iv.

a, 1804 ; D'Orb. Mol. C«ba.

leus (tridentata), Montf. Conch. St/it. u. 47, IHIO.

lea globuloss, Rang, Man. 114, 1839.

hiB,?Voriep ^ Meckel.

leB,SchtKeigger,N<iturgesch.749,i820; Deshai/es; VanBen ..

ov. Mem. Acad. Brux. xii. 1839 ; Cantmine, 'Malac. Medit. S{

(41 i OOrb. Moll. Caba, 1, 71.

nia Bp., Fonk. Faun. Aral. 1776.

iiT«Ua sp.. Brag.; Megerle, 18 H.

Dhonta, 3fonlf. C. S. ii. 50, 1610.

mdiolua, Mvntf. C. S. i. 314, 180S.

iDCuluB Sp., Leiaon,

IHna, PJi, Teit. Sid/.

t. 40, f, 6; Ckem. Cnnch. fiii. 65, vigaette 13, f. g.; q

Hi. t. 44, f. 1, 2.
Carolina nutans, Abildgaard, Soc. Hist. Nat. Capenh. I|

10; CuBter, Ann. du Mut. iv. 224, t. 59. \

Caulina ua.ta.BS, Pali, Tat. Sicil. iiL 39, t. 44, £ 1, 3.
Hjalss papilionacea, Bory de Si. Vincent, Voy. i. 13]

BlaiamUe, Diet, det Sc. Nat. xxii. 86, f. 3.
Hyafasa cornea, ibtui, Baff. de Somiini, v. 73 ; Lamt. '
Hyalica tridentata, Bote. Cog. ii. 341, t.9, f. 4; lat

DOtb. 1839 ; Hint. Nat. Iilet Omar. Moll 27; BM

Hist. hU Cuba, MoU. 72 ; PhUippi, Sicil. 101, ii. TOi
HjaliEa Chenmitziaua, Peron el Letuevr, Arm. du Mat.
Hfalsa Fnrskalii, Leaueur, UOrb. Voy. Athict. Merid. M

t. 1—5.

a—e. Shell. Gulf of Ouinea. Presented bv J. Qj
/— i. Shell. Borneo. Presented by the AdmiraHj

n. Shell. Naples.

— 0. Animal and shell, in spirits. Borneo.

Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., C.B.
r, s. Animal and shell, in spirits. Tropical 8

hy Lieut. A. Smith, R.N.

CATOUNIPJG.

globnlar, inflated, honij, posteriotly lliree-si , __

□e longer and narrower tbaa the otbers, slightly inflexed ;
irture transverse, narrow; inferior lip very long, i
d superiorly,

E& affinis, jy(hh. Voy. Am. Mer. Moll. 91, t. 5, f. B— Iftj
lA. in Lamk. Hiit. ed. 2, vii. 418. '

Jsa Peronii, Letveur, Bull. Soc. Phil. I

^: lateral spines short, middle EU^mmated,gtiang'l;n
irture narrow, deeply covered with the hp.

va. gibbosa. Rang, Mbnogr. ined. ; D'Qrb. Voy. Atn. Merid.

a. S5, t.5, f. 1(1—20(1838); 3foi/. ds Canaries, 28; Ram.

jn, Bill. Cuba Moll. 74 ; Philippi, Sicil. ii. 71 ; Cantraine,

a. 37, I. 1, f. 5 : Lamk. Hist. ed. 2, vii. 4iy.

e bossue, foy, Boniu MoU. t 4, f, 13, 13.

I — c. Animal and shell, in spirits. Presented hj Lieut. A.

globulRT, of a trausparent homy colour, poateriorl; tbfee-
ned ; median spine longest, strongly curved, Iiooked ; aperti
TOff ; lips shorter than in the other species.

fea uncinata. Rang, pi. ined. ; ffOrb. Voy. Am. Merid. Moll.
t. 5,f. 11—15 (1836); RaToon, Sagra, Hist. Cuba " " """
!, r. 1—4 ; £>ah. « Lank. Hist. id. 2, 418.
B a crochet, Voy. Bonile Moll. t. 4, f 8, 12.

I— e. Shell. Coast of Brazil. Presented bv Dr. Sinclair, H.1^
', Shell.
f— r. Shell. Red Sen.

I — z. Animal and shell, in spirits. Tropics. Presented by
Lieut. A. Smith, R.N.

I
I

'iVOLlKit OlOBULDBA.

r ^ Souteyel, Voy. Bouit

10. Cavoi
Shell somewhat ^iohular, inflated, posteriorly obtuse^

tet!th UD the inurgin ; marked ou the buck with &t
gibbous on upper part, EmooOi ; aperture narrow, teef'
lateral];; apex sometimes truncated

Uyalasa quadridentata, Lesumr, D'Orb. Toy. Amer. Xk
98, t. «, f. 1^-5; Btai«B. Dicf. des Sc. Nat. sxii. 1
Rang. Monogr, iued. ; D'Orb, Molt, du Canar. 36 ; A
Hut. Cuba Moll. 75 ; Deih. in Lamk. HUt. ed. 2, rii.f

Hyale a quatre dents, Voy. Boaite MoU. t. 4, f. 26, 32. ,

U. quadrispinosa, UOrb. Amer. Merid. MoU. 85.

Hab.

11. CaVOLINA LOBOIEOETK*.

Shell ontC) ^baUr, tenninatsd anteiiwly with % 4

12. CiTOLlNA

3 rounded, globalar, flat beneatb, truncated postenorlj, ^

vridcd wilh triangiUaT wing-sbaped appendages ; apoltnn
BnaveTse, narrow ; labrum tennmated by a ratheT long chan-
died bealc.

laa limbala, J70r6. Voy. Am. Mer. Moll. 101, t. 6, f. 11—15
jmi. ^oirra jrUt. C»ba Moll. 77, t. 2, f. 5—B ; Deih. m Lt

Sul. ed. 2, vii. 417.
1 longirostris. Quay et Gaim. Fog. Ait.
i; Desk, tn Lamk. Hist. ed. 2, rii. 416.

** Shell oblong, elongated ;

)EtenoTlj, latera^^^l
--' "-' iltnre

-15;

1

13- Cavolina labiata.
elongated, of a somewhat trapezoidal form, inflated, l«rmi-
ed posteriorly by a very long point ; aptirtttie tiaoeverse, witb
f long Up-sliaped margins.
t labiata, I/orb. V^. Am. Mer. Moll. HW, t. 6, £ 21—26;
: da Conor. 29 ; Ram. Sagra Hist. Cuba Mall. 78, t. tf, f.
t Deih. tn Lamk. ed. 2, vii. 421 . ■ ^

i \ehi6e, Voy. Sonite Moll. I. 5, f. 37, 92. ^^M

'14. Cavolina

n elongated, conical, compreEsed on each side, elongated poste-

wly, tenninaWd by a recurved point, laterally armed with »

Knt point ; apeiture ovately transveise, laterally deeply clel^.

iKH inflexa, Xeiueur, Bull. Soc. Pkilom. xiii. No. 69, L 6, f. 4,

[6, e, di Blainv. Dirt. Sc. Nat. xiii. 80; ffOri. Voy. Am.

Br. MoU. 103, t 6, £ 16-H20; Ram. Sagra Hut. Cu^ Moll.

■; Deth. in Lamk. HUt. ed. 2, rii. 422.

to inflechie, Foy. Bonite Moll. t. 6, f. 21, 30.

Bu vaginella, Canlraine, Bull. Brvx. ii. 380 ; PAHippi, Sioil.

Ilea II

. MSS.; Phil^, Sicil. i. 101, t

I,

r

DATA LOO DG OF PTEBO]

Body short, sometimes irith lateral appeoda^B. — SUIgli
mouth nannwer thai) the vavitj, with a slit on each tide, i
terrupied in &ODt; apex aft«n uuncal«d iii tbti adulL

Diacria (trispinosa), Gray, Sgn, Bril. Mun. 1840, 1M3}
Zool. Soc. 1847, 203 ; Agatt. Norn. ; Herrm. lad. Cm. ,
1.363.

Hyalea 4. elongata. Rang. Man. i 14, I82D. '

[Hynjma **, DOrh. Voy. Amur. Merid. 77 ; Cuba, 80. ^M

^* flhell elongated, straight, dilated auteriorly, compfeni^
side, tenninated posteriorly with a very bug spine, snj(
Tally witli two shoit spines.
Hyalfflatrispinosa, Lauevr, Blainv. Diet. Set. iVut. xxii.83i
7oy. Am. Mer. Moll. 106, t. 7, f. 1—6, and t 20, f. 1,3
del Canar. 29, No. 14 j Ram. Sagra But. Cuba M(
Chemn. Conch, i. Gfl, vign. 13, f. a— (^(1785); fionj,
ined. t. 3; Gverin, Icon. Rtg. Anim. Moll, t 4 ; Blam
Sc. Nat. xxii. 82; Lajnk. Bitt. ed. 2, vii, 421, No. lb', I
M. iii. 310; Philippi, Sieil. ii. 71 ; iotw, K. Vtt. Aiai.
3, f. 4 i Forbes J- Banley, Bril. MaU. ii. 380, t. U, £ 3.
H. depressa, iJiBon, Efem. Sieil. 1. 1, f. 4, 5; PhitiBpi,i
101, t. 6, f. 19.

^KH. triacantba, GuidotH, Bronu, Ilal. 85.

^^teysle it trois pointea. Vol/. BoniU MoU. U 6, t 1, 10.

^V a—g. Shell. Coast of BrazO. Presented by Dr. Sinolt

Hneu.

2. DiAOBi* OsnioNn.

', globulai, smooth on the npper part and couna
bouR, flattish inferiorly, radialely grooved, terminated ul
by aa infleKed semiciroular lip; deeply uleft at the sidUi
nor extremity scarcely prominent,
Hyalea Orbignii, Bang, Ann. Set. Nat. xri. 496, t, 19, {. 3;
in Lamk. Hisl. td. 2, rii. 417.
P^oi. Fossil, St. Paul, near Dax.

3. Due 81 A

1 leddisb coloured, pellucid, Ihio, triaogular, tramvert^ly Etri-

id, undulated lengtbwise, Tounded anKiioily; terminal spine

Dp, longper than the lateral ones.

ea mucTOD&U, Quay 4- Gaim. Ann. Sc. Nat. i. 231, t. 8, f. 1,

J>Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. MoU. 108, t. 7, f. 6—10.

■a tiiipinoEa, Quoy ^ Gaim. Zool. Ailr. t. 27, 1. 17—10, ii.

K&om Aim. Sei. Nat.)

iwpinosit, part. Dak. tn Lamk, Bitt. ed. 2, Hi. 417, n. 4;

a^,Sicil.i\.7\.

L Ducau SBPRESSA.

elongated, triangukr, superiorly dilated, inferiorly Bhorp
Bted, strongly arched, depressed, flossy, underneath three-
bed ; aperture narrow, Eemi circular, deeply cleft on each ride.
ta. ie^tei^A, nOrb.Voy. Am. Met. Moll. \IQ,1.7,S. 11-14;
■A. I'm Lamk. Hut. ed. 3, vii. 432.

t, DiACBIA LAVIGAT*.

' Mnnewhat round, depressed, tbtn, shining, glossy, boot

ilenorlj, shordy eared on each Hide.

EalBvigala,iyOri. Yay. Am. Mar. MoU. 110, t. 7, f. 15— 19

th. in Lamk. Hat. ed. 2, vii. 423.

e> litse, Fojf. Bonite MoU. t. 6, f. 14, 3(

J

B. Shell without any lateral ilit.

B».-^^^^^^^

m/ elongate, conical, without lateral appendages.—
Ilded, united behind, without any small intermediate laJx. —
Hi elongate, angular, conical; mouth larger than the cavity,
tiout any lateral slits.

'i

I

J1

■.■ C
r t"

* > ui« 'i' nuTuiM. tax.*!*. ', .III.

^Ii ii ■-■*i"-« .- 1. *^ •■■■'.■■ ^.•'*^ •%.-*••• -.-- **-u^ T' "■

•- ?. ..> >> . i. v. .: M ''T*-****. . *.'. . i,

^O " ' I .. .-»i^ ■-. iLru r%«rr Ji*;l

^ ■• •"■.-■ ^ •»••

CiVaLIXIDS..

pdon caiidata. Blainv. Ann. Se. Tiat.

eleganB, Leach, MSS. Brit. Mai. 1819.
L Sicily. ^_

I. Sicily. Presented by A. Melly, Esq. ^^|

*, q. Congo ( Expedition ). Presented hy the AdmiialtT. ^^H
- t. Coast of Ben^aJ. Presented by Dr. Sindttit, R.N. ^^|
tAnimal and shell, in spirits. Conj^o Expedition. ^^^
Iffonlica elegans, Leaeh, MSS. B. M. 181fl.
B&nimal and shell, in spirits. Sicily. Presented by A.
Tielly, Esq.

ftwiththe lateral hooked points longer thanlhe intermediate

& cuspidate, Bote. Hist. 2Vol. Coq. ii. 241, t. 9, f. 6—7 (1802) ;

'. Hill. Nat. Deters, xxv. t. 2, 35 ; Lamk. Anim. i. Verl.

3, ed. 2. vii. 416 ; Blainv. Did. Se. Nat. isii. 82 ; D'Orb.

<. Am. Mer. Mail. 112, t. 7, f.20,24; MoU.dei C'onar. 30,

5.

a eiupidata, Qwy ^ Gaim. Vim. Asi. Zool. ii. 384, t. 27, f.
; Rang. Munog. ined.; DOrb. Ram, Sagra Hist. Cttba
1.82; PMIippi, Sicit. ii. 71 ; Caniratne, Jfon. 29, t. l,f. 8.
^Ottspidee, Voy. Bonile Mnll. t. 6, f, 11, 16.
'a Lessonii, i?ait^.JUonnff. iued.; Lfsson, Vay. Coq. t. 10, f. 1.

, .-a qnadrisj.inosa. Sang. Mating, ined. ; Lesson, Voy. Cog. t.

L L 2 (animal erroneous).

I, Shells. Sicily. Presented by A. Melly, Esq.
'Animal and shelll, in spints. Sicily. Presented by A.
lelly, Esq.

ieri. Rang. Mol, Cuba, 83, note, Jrom Lapej/rmtst,

tl, 3; DOrb. Ram. Sagnt Hitt. Cvba MoU. 83, note.

I. Pacific Ocean.

i,fa,i

\

^^m ** Side of mantit with elongate proceu. PleuropuLr

Ij a Clio pbllucida.

Shell conical. Side of the mantle with clongal«d teotucula.
Pleiiropus pellucidus, Eichtck. hit, 1826 ; Zool. Atlas, m. 1^

I.15,f. 1,
Cleodoie conitee, Eydoux ^ Souleyel, Vcy. BoniU Moll. 1.7

10.
Cleodora, Blaiuv. Man. Malae.
Hah.

4. BALANTIUM.

gblique.

Baltntium (recunrum), Leaek, MSS. Brit. Mm. 1819; J
CAtMren, Jimr.fl™. 7iw(.ie2», XT. 220, t. 7, f. ; Awm,.
Atiat. Soe. Bengal, h. 176, 1835, ri. 150, 1837.
Cleodora sp.. Rang, Gkurin, Mag. Zool. 1834, t. 44.
Hyalaa (CleodoTB.) sp., D'Orb. Votj. Anwr. 116.
Pontica (recurrum), part. Leach, MSS. Brxl.M.Tia.XS.Vi,

11 triangnlar, compressed, glossy, shining, transvenelj i^ulnrly

(titled, longitudiDallj three-ribbed on the back; apex acumi-

oled, recurved ; aperture ublung, nanow, oblique, angled on

acb side.

tutium recurvura. Children, Joum. Inst. Roy. iv. 320, i. 7;

llang, Moa. ined. i Beiaon, Jovt. Aaiat. Soc. Bengal, iv. ]76,

«3a, vi. 150, 1837.

tion balantium. Sang ; Guerin, Mag. Zool. 1834, t. 44 ; Desk.

tLamk. HUt.eA. 2, viHil.

ihea balanlium, DOrb. Voy. Am. Mer. Moll. 116, t. 8, f. I — *.

jdore bourse, Voy. Bonite Moll. t. 7, f . 1 1 , 1 6.

a. Shell, Congo Expedition. Presented bj tbe Admirall;,

b. Animal uf a, in spiritE. Congo Expedition. Presented hv

the Admiiallj. v

Pontica rccurvum. Leach, MSS. B. M. 181». -.^M

2. BaIANTILT!

dore reoflee, Eydonx et Sauleyet, Voy. Bonite Molt. t. 7, f. 17.

1 conical, elongate, angulose, abore uonvex, with a
dioSil groove, tranaveiselj striated ; month semilini
1»B anstralis, D'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. Moll. 1 17, t.
dore australe, Voy. BontU Moll. t. 7, f. 20, 23.
V Cape Horn.

:|

11 Teij much depressed, elongate, conical, flattened, slightly

rehed, iir^ularlj transversely grooved above aud below, flst ;

lOuth linear.

Ilea nigosa, D'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. Moll. 1 18, t. 8, f. 1

L Pacific Ocean.

V 5. VAGINELLA. ^M

I

I

Shell oblongr, veutiicose, smoath ; apex oonical ; montb a

transverse, without any lateral slit.
VaRinelia (VapneUe), Baud, in Bate, Vera. i. 196; ftufci

Hitl. Nal. Pans, ii. 19; Gray, Syn. B. M. 1842, S8-,

Elem. Conch, i. t. 3, f. 10.
Taginula, 6. 0. Sowerby, Gen.t.— , Mantial,n2,ei.2,ai

print). Not Fervaac.
Vaginule, If Orb. Vey. Amer. Merid. 119 (aote).
CreaeiB sp., Rajy, Ann. Sei. Nat. iri, L 18. f. 2, t 19, f, 1
Cleodore sp., Beth. Ency. Metk. iii. 1106; Diet. Clou

Blainv, Mai. 481 ; Graleloupe, Bull. Linn. Soc. Bord.i

1. VkOINELLA BTHANGDMTA.

Shell elongately ventricose, with an aciiie apex, depicEsed,

at tlie Hpeiture, smooth ; aperture iransveTse, Bomewl

compressed, siuuaied ou each side.
Cleodora strangulitta, Deih. Dint. Clou. H. Nal. in Lb

ed. 2, vii. 431 ; Grateloupt, Bull. Linn. Soc. Bord. ii. 7
Vagiaella Davdin, in Base, Vert, i, 195,
Vaginella depressa, Batlerol, Mem. Soc. H. N. Parit, ii. '.

16; Bowdich, Eleai. Conch, i. t. 3, t 10.
Vaginelle de Bordeaux, Blainv. Malac. t. 46, f. 2.
Cteseis vapneUa, Rang, Ann, SH. Nat. xiii. 309, L 18, (!
Vaginula DaudiDii, Sow. Gen. t. 5; .Ssu'. Man. 112, ed. !
a, b. Fossil. Boideaux.

6. STYLIOLA.

Body elongate, conical, rounded, — Sheti elongate, codicbIi

drical; mouth larger than the cavity, without an; laten
Styliola (recta), Letatnr, in Blainv. Mun. Molt. 182S.
Ciesis (Les Creseis), Rang, in Ann. Sci. Nat. xiii. 302, 1

1830, 207; Deah. Diet. Class. H. Nat. siv. 351, 18S

Afon. Moll. 115, t. 2, f. 3, 1829.
Creseis (or Criseis?), Escksch. Zool. Atlai, i

Mol. Cuba, 85 ; Sow. Gea. tab.
Criseis, Forbct, ifcp, Brtt. Ai«. VXi, 1844,
Crisis, .Venke, Ziet. Mol. \a*4, Tl, ■&">. Lo,TO(nwo«Lj

1^

Mdoni Ct Blamv. Mon. Moll 1835 ; PkUivpi, SiHl.

BOrapus, Gray^ Syn. B. M. 1841, 85, not Etch.

riba sp.. Quay ^ Gaim.

Die Franch geDeric name uf Raog baa been lety generally adapted

Ihe place of bis Laiio oue, as in one or two other geuera.

1. StYUOL* BDBULl.

Lt tbe apex ; aper-

■IsB anbula, Qmy if Gaim. 1828; LfOrh. Voy. An. Met. MoU.

;I»,t 8, f. 16— 19.

tdoia sobola, Quoy *" ('a''"- -^n»- '^'^- Wir. x. 233, t. 8, f. 1—3 ;

bHjT, .<<»». 5c. iiai. xiii. 1638, t. 18, f. 1 ; DOrh. Moll, det

bfUfior, 31 1 Dah. in Lamk. Hut. ed. 3, vii. 433.

iwis conica, Bsehtch. Zool. Atlas, iii. t. IS, f. 3, 1831.

Mu spinifew. Rang. Ann. Se. Nat. siii. I. 17, f. 1 (I. 18, f. I) ;

bwy i- Gaim. Voy. Ast. ii. 382, t. 27, f. 15, 16, 44 ; Sow. Gen.

4; Dah. in lam*. Shit. ed. 2, lii. 432; Cantraine, Mem. S\,

l,f. 11.

■eis sabula, D'Orh. Ram. Sagra Hiit. Caha Moll. 85.
>dora spinifera, Pkilippi, Sieil. ii. 72 ; Deih. in Lamk. Hist. ell.
, ™. 433.
idore alene, Voy. Sonite Mall. I. 6, f. 3—9.

• — y. Shells. Sicily. PreEented by A. Melly, Esq. ^M

'2. SlTLlOLl visacui.. ^1

tl elongate, somewhat cylindrical, apex conical, very acute,

rohed, tinged with purple, efeifwhcre glossy, smooth and very

lining ; aperture circular, simple.

Kis virgula, Rajtg, Ann. Se. Nal. xiii. 17, f. 2, 1828 ; Icon. Begn.

Mm. Moll. I. 4, f. 9 i JfOrb. Ram. Sagra Hist. Cuba Moll. 86.

dn, tirgnla, COri. Voy. Am. Mer. MoU. 131, 1. 8, f. 26—38.

Mora vii^la, D'Orb. Moll, des Canariet, 31 ; Desk, in Lamk.

tilt. ed. 2, vii. 433.

•dure virgule, Voy. BoniU MoU. t. 6, f, 18, 22, 25.

WlUQBruiB, EicAsch. Zool. Atlas, iii. t 15, f. 4, 183

ttmKopia,EnhKh.Z.A.ii\.t. 15, f. 5,1831.

Higula, Eichsch. Z. A. iii. L 15, f. 6, 1831.

. Atlantic and FaciHc Oceaus.

13, Sttlidla c
oil elonRatP, conical, rounded, smooth, diaphanous; spa «
■loitte, bom-like; mouth circulai; lips equal.
Hjalffia coroiformis, ZCOri. Voy. Am. Mer. Moll.U0,t.i,l3

23.
Crescis coniiformia, D'Orh. Ram. Sagra Hist. Cuba Moll. B7,
Hab. Atlantic Ocean.

4. StYLIOL.I SIBIilTi.

Sbell elongate, conical, oFate, inflexed, trausveTsely striated,
pbaiioue, lucid, brittle, vrhitibh ; tip blunt ; mouth and lipi i

Creseis striata, Rang, Ann.. Sc. Nat. itiii. t. 17, f. 2, 1838; S
Ram. Sagra Hist. Cuba Moll. 87 ; Desk, m Lami. Hitt. ed. !,
Canlraine. Mem. 33, t. 1, f. 10.

Hjalasa striata, D'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. Mol. 122, L 8, f. 23-3

Cleodora Btriata, PhUippi, Sicil. ii. 72; Deih. in Lami. Bil
a. Tii. 433.

Cleodore slriee, Vot/. Bnnile Motl. L 6, f. 1—4.

Craseis compresha, Esch. Zool. Atlat, iii. 1. 15, f. 7, 1831.

Hab. Atlantic Ocean and Indian Seas.

5. Stsuoli RBCrA.

Shell very long, needle-lilie, conical, slightl;f bent, smooth, dii

SCyliola recta, Lexurar, in Blainv. Mon. Malae. 1825.
Creseis acicnlala. Sang, Ann. Se. Nat. xiii. t. 17, t'. 6, 182^; E

Ram. Sagra Hist. Cuba Moll. 88; Desk, in Lamk. Hist, i

Tii. 434.
Hjalata aciculata, irOri. Voy. Am. Mer. Moll. 123, t.8, r.»
Creseis clava, Rang., Ann. Sc. Nat. xiii. t 17, f. 5, 1828.
Cleodora clara. Desk, in Lamk. Hitt. ed. 2, vii. 433.
Cleodora acicuiata, DOrb. MaU. Cmar. 31 ; Philippi, Sidt ii

Desk, in Lamk. Hitt. ed. 2. lii. 434.
Cleodore sciculee, Voi/. Bonile, i. 6, f. 10, 17, L 11, anat.
Creseis acua, Eschsch. Znol. Atlas, Ui. t. 19, f. 2, 1831.
_?Cleod. zonata, Philippi, SiHl. ii. 72, from Chiage, t. <

-r. Sheila. SioWj. PveseT,\ed\ii A. Mellj, E«|

w

w ^^

SlYUOLA ^^^^^^^H

t»m tenuis, WM. ^^^^H

Fouil

7. STTLIOW ? TBNTRICOB*.

eUb Btraiglit at the back, slightly vemricose in front, tapering to
1 point, nearly smooth, with faint sloping lines of growth and a
ItMng loDgitudinal fiirrow.

SKU »entricoaa. Sharp, Quart. Jaar. Gtol. Soc. ii. 314, 1. 13, f. 3.

FeuU. Wenlock Flag-stone, Wales.

8, SllfHOLA? OBTUS*.

lath short and conical, sidee slightly curved towards a blunt
Mint, Bittooth (?), with a, longitudinal fiirrow. .^H

Mia obtusa. Sharp, I. c. 314, t. 13, f. 4. ^^|

Famt. Wenlock Rock, Wales. ^H

9. Stvliola? dracilliu*. ^^H

Iftlh rery long, straight and slender, tapering genUy to a poin^H

Mil gracillima, Sharp, 1. c. 314, t. 13, f. 5. ^|

i%«U. WenloDk Bock, Wales.

1 10, Stvliola? fhjmsva.

MI very long, linear, dilated towards the oral extremity, amooth

Mtb long, regularly tapering, emooth, wilii une (or more) longi-
ndinal groove.— SAarp.

Mis ? primie.a. Forbes, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1846, i. 146, f. I ;
Shnrp, Qwirl. Jour. Geol. Soc. ii. 314, t. 13, f. 2.

Poinl. Palxozoio Rock, Denbighshire.

11. Stvliola? Sedowickii.

ngular, transveise strin ; aperture dorsally angular.

Iweia? Sedgwicki. Forbes, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1845, i. U8,

Fottil. Palsozoic Rock, Denbighshire. ^^M

[

1. TUECA FORBEBII.

Sbeath nearlj flat behind, rounded in Iront, conical, and U
to a point', aperture an obtuBe-sji);t«d Iriangle, nilb tbc
rounded off; Burface finelj striated, arched parallel K'^'
the moutb.

Thecd Forbesii, Sharp, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. ii. 314, 1. 13
FotsH. Ludli>w Rock, middle part Kendal.

^a. Yoia\. Presented by S. Woodwaid, Esq.

2. Thi
Eheca lanceolata, Morris.

Fouil. PalKDKoic Rocks, New Soulh Wales.

:. CONULARIA.

4

Shell quadrangular, with a longitudinal groove a

regularly Uansveisely striated. Fossil,
Conularia, MuUer, in Soui. Mon. Conch, iii. L 108, 1818,'1

aeOi Brovm, Leih. 97, 1837; Blainv. D. S. N. xxxii. 193

Malac. 377, 622; Flem. B. A. 24(1, 1828 ; So»>. Man. ed.

ITArehiaci-DeVtmeuil, Traw. Grol. Soc. vj. 325,1843;

Bull. Geol. France, siv. 563; AtuUn, Ann. and jifag. N.

407, 1846 ; Leon. ^ Bronn, Jakrb. 1843, 839.

Sowerby, when he first described tbie genus, regarded it ■
to Nanlilua. Fleming keeps it in the same situation. Bl
placed it with the Orlhocera. Hoeningbaus showed, in IK
It bad no chambers, and Messrs. D'Arcbiac and De Vemeuiln
to Pteropoda. D'Orbigny fonoerlj (Voy. Amer. Merid. M
nole) thought it was n Pleropod, but more lately he has tegi
as a Heteropud. I have sometimes thought it might be re
Aileriat : it is placed teie yi\v\i ^teav ioiVv.'

1

following species hare been legnrded as dislinct : —

CONULilBM BrONONIABTI.

iria Brongniarti, DArekiac ^ De Vernenil, Tram. Geol.

163, 1.31, f. 6, 1842.

vtaWaxea., Sandh. in Bronn, Jt^rb. 1848, 18, t 1, T. 9.

■ CONULARII CANCELLATl.

uia quadri sulcata. Sow. Mm. Conch, iii. 107, t 2^0, f. 3
y);inMuT<:k.SUuT.Sysl.\\.G2&,t. 12, f. 22, a; Vem. BvU.
I. 1840, xi. 177?; Porll. Rep. 393, t 29, a, f. 3.
»erbyi, 7Voos(, Rep. Tenmsee, 1840, 53, not Defr.
icellala, Sandb. in Bnmn, Jahrb. 1847, 20, t. 1, f. I
h. Fossil.

Con u Li

iria pyramidata, Haeah. Goldfun in Dechm, Handl. i
1832; flronn, Letk. 1284.
drisulcaU, Bnmn, Letk. 97, t. 1, f. 12.
rata, Sandb. in Jahrb. 1847, 33.

Ilia quadrisulcata. Milter, MSS. ; Som. Man. Conch, ii
to, f. 4 (only) ; Geol. Trant. v. 422 ? 492, t 40, f, 2, e,
»icosta, Sandb. tn Jahrh. 1847, 21.

CONULARIA ACUT.l.

iria acuta, floe, /forK. 36, t. 10, f. 12, var. f. 13.
—^, n. B., Sandb. in Bronn, Jahrb, 1845, 441.
naU, Sandb. in froitn, Jahrb. 1 847, 14, t. 1, f.

COHCLARIA Bt'CBII.

.ria Bucbii, Eichw. Silur. 103.
lii, flfonn, /lu^oz.

lia Sowerbyi, Defr. in Blatn. Malac. 377, t 14, f. S, ft, ■

eitU in Murchttons Rvaia, ii. 348.

uttJcata, Sandb. in Bnmn, Jahrb. 1847, \a.l.\,^.\<i.

■^

33 c*T*

OOnBOF

.TE80P00..

8. CONULARIA OOBI

a.

C onularia cuila, Sandb. in Bnmn
C. quadrisulcala, UiU. Leth. Suec

Jahrb. 1847, H.t. l.f.l. '
i. 30, t. 10, £6, not Sw. '

9. CoMVLtRU PEFL

EXICOSTA

rA.

C. defleiicostala, Sandb.

Sonrfft. .'«
in /oAri

Jahrb. 1849, 401, noljJ
1847, 16, t. 1, f.fl. 1
844, 17d. J

10. CUNULARLA ELC

NWT*.

1

Conularia elangata, Portl. Rep. 393, t. 29, a,
C. pectinicoslata, Sandb. in Jahrb. 1847, 17,

t.l,f. 7.

11. CuNULjIBIA GEROLaTEINENSIS.

CoDularia Gerolsteinensis, Arch, j- Vemtuil
352, L 31, f. 5.

Tram. Geoi. S
1, f. 3.

13. Corro LABIA Gebvjllei.
CoDnlsru Gerrillei, Arch, j- Vemeuil, TVatM. Geol. Soc. ti,;

29, f. 4.
C. taberosa, Sandb. in 7aAr(. 1847, 23.
Vai.TC.Bnhfiaalie\a, Sandb. in Jahrb. 1M7, 10,1. I, f. 4

13. CONCLABIA [SBEGULARtS.

CoDnlaria uTegulaiis, Kan. Carb. 496, t. 45, f. 3.

C. qnadrisulcata, iTon. tn UfOmnl. Geol. 616.

C. latiBulcaU, Saadb. in JoAri. 1847, 16, t. I, f. 5.

14. CoNCUBIA DBNATA.

CoDDlaria oniata, j4rcA. ^ FemMif, TVum. Cr«o{. iSoc. vi.SSt,!

f.6.
C. semtii, iSuTuJft. in Jahrh. 1847, 18, t 1, f. 8.

IS. CONDLABIA ?P TEBES.

CODnlatia teres, Sojc. Mon. Conch, i

^ Fau. n. TRIPTERIDj;. '^

Blonpite, cylindrical, divided into two distinct parts ; the Iront

: wiui two large kteral wiugs, united below tu a flat central

ion; the aLdominal part cylindrical.

Cjlindrical or subaaguhir near tbe mnmli, coding in an acute

It, separated from tbe aaterioi cavity by an entire traosverse

nm ; the lip is often deciduous in tbe adult

ridaj, ffray, Syn. Brit. Mai. 1840; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848,

; AgMsix, Nomencl.

nda (paci), Cantrame, Molt. Medil.3l, 1841.

d« (part), l/Orb. Moll. Cuba, i. 70, 88, 1841.

medUtebelweeD Cleodora and Fneumodermon," £/Orb. Cvia, ^^

Ion c. Tripler, Rang, Man. 116, 1829; Poit. ^ Mich. Gal.
<G.

Bis, Menke, Syn. cd. 2, 9, 1830, not Lesson,
mts. Gray, Sun. B. M. 1842, 92.

(ria (columnellB), i^anj, Amt. Set. Nat. 1827,320; fsis, 1829,
t;Mon.Moll.U6,lS'i9 {oot Becandolle nor Peron) ; Deshayes,
Ky. Mtth. iii. 3d, 1630 ; Lami. Hist. ed. 2, vii. 430 ; Gitenn,
m.Motl. ii. lB43i Brmn, Leth. 985, 1838; Sow. 6m. Shell.
; Qmeh. Man. ed. 2, 130, 278, 1842; M^ke, Sya. ed. 2, U,
to i Bemim, Jaw. Anal. Soc. Bengal, 1835, 698 ; Curaw, Reg.
int. ed. 2, 1830; Cantraine, Malac. Medit. 31, 1841 ; lyOrl.
U. Cuba. i. 70, 89 ; 7oy. Am«r. Merid. 124 ; Desk, in iom*.
H. ed. 2, rti. 435.

'ota (obtusa), part, Qaoy ^ Gaim. Vay. (/ran. 1. 6.
» (obtusa), pan, Rang, Ann. Set. Ifal. xiii. 1828. J

glossy, anteriorlv yellow coloured: wings oblong, anterio^'
Oge ouloured. Sbell elongate, cylindricaJ, swollen posteriori;,
aimated anteriorly by an ovalely Ir ' "" "

Bij appearance.

f PT£BOFODA,

Cuvieria columnella, Rait;, Ann. Sc. Nal. xii. 333. 1. 43, B. (.

1627.
CuTJeria columella, VOrb. Vol/. Am. Met. Moll, lib, S. i, I

39 ; Gverin, lam. Beg. An. Moll. L 4, f. 10.
Cleodoru obtusa, Quay ^ Gaim. f Voy, Uran. t. 6, f. 5.
Creseia obtuaa. Rang, Ann. Sc Nal. xiii, t. 17, f, 4, 1838.
CuTJeria abtusa, lyOrb. Bam. Sagra Hut. (Tu&i Moll. 6S i Jf

Canar. 32 (1838).
Cutierie coluDnelte, Toy, lionite Moll., t. 12, anat
Cleodora columnella, Deih. in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2, rii. 43o.
a — c. CoaGt of Brazil. PreseDied hj Dr. Sinclaii, A

2. Trifteba uohea.

Bod; rose-coloured. Shell ?

Triptera rosea, Qwjy ^ Gaim. Voy. Uranie, 416, '

D'Orb. Voy. Ainer. Mend. 126,nole; Ann. Sei. JVai.iaS

L a, f. 5.
Hab. Port Jackson.— QKoy.

Sbell smooth, sLining, depressed, cjlindrical ; sides neutlieM
rather more renlTicase; apex elongate, acute. LengtbiB

Cuvieria oryza, Benson, Jour. Aaat. Sop. i
Hah. Tropical Indiaa Ocean. — Benton.

3. TBIPTB&A ASTESINA,

Shell eloDgatel; cjrlindrical, tnincaled at the posterior etxmk
terminated anteriorly with aii ohli([ue, somewhat IriaDgaiuq
ture, polished iotemall; and exteniallj, shioing.

Cuvieria Aslesana, Rang. Ann. SH. Nat. xvi. 4^8, t. 19, f. I.

Cleodora Astesaua, DesA. in Lamk. Hisl, ed. 3, i"
Fossil in A&tesan.

Fam. 111. CYMBULIADJi.

AtUmel globular or orate.
Fita 3. DoriEOBlal, opposite, on each side of the month, w
iDtermediaie lobe.

w

hbuliadffi, Gray, Syn. Brit. Jfiu. 1840 ; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847,

MM; Agaish, Namtn.

Vbulids, Cantraine, Malw. MediL 33, 1841.
htabiauchia, b. Gray, Load. Med. Sep. 1831, 235.
niccs, part, Oken, Le/ierh. 1819.
pbft, part, Furij^rac, Fab. St/st. 25, 1S31.
■leacea, part, Men/it, Smt. 4, 1828, ed. 2, 9, 1830.
flKde, part, D-Orb. Moll. Cuba, i. 70, 1841.

I

S^opsis of the Gaiera.

Dtnbdlu.. Shell slippeT-shaped.

Bdiubu. Shell globular, membianaoeous. Mouth round, spread

Shell none ? Body globular. Fins separate, lateral.
LNNii. Shell none ? Fins forming a broad expanse.

1. CYMBULIA.

(R gelatino-eartilaginous, obtong, slipper-shaped, covered with a
bin, scarcely visible niemlitaiie ; mouth elongate, truncated in
Inmt. — Fint large, rounded, with a smal!, elongate, intermediate
Ube.

mbtilia fproboBcidea), P«roR ^ Lfaueur, Ann. du Mia. xv. 66,
WIO ; Lam*. Exlr. rfu Cow. 1812 ; Hist. vi. 292, ed. 2, vii. 437;
(^Rt«^, Btg. Anim. a. 1817, ed. 3, 1830 ; Schmigger, Naturg.
|<S0, 1830 ; Deahaye*, Eary. Meth. iii. 42 ; Feruxiae, Tabl. Sytt.
H, I83I ; ifansr, Man. 113, 1829; Blaim. Maiac. 481,1835;
Utreilfe, Fam. Nat. 1825 ; Quay ^ Gaim. Vay. Astral, ii. 373,
tSXt; Kan Beneden, Naav. Mem. Acad. Brux. xii. ; Mmkt,
^.4,ed.3,8; Ze.'toA./. j»fa(a*. 1844, 77; Can(roi«e, Jfaiac.
Utiil. 33 ; jyOrb. Moll. Cuba, i. 70, 1841 ; Gray, iond. Med.
Btp. 1831 ; ScaccAJ, Antot. de Sci. Nat. i. 72, 1841 ; Smcerby,
Sm. SluU. t.

I. Cthbdu

!ll elougate, oblong, with several dentate lougitudinal ridges.
bbulia proboseidea, Peron j* Lcsueur, An.ii. Mua. 1810, xv. t. i
■ 10 — 13, animal reversed; Rang. Man. \\3.

26 CATALOOOS OF FIBBOPODA.

Cymbulia Peionii, Cuvier^ Reg. Anim, iL 360 ; Lmmk, HitL
vii. 438 ; Cantraine, Mem, 34 ; Philippiy Sieil. L 102, ii.

Cymbulie, Blainv. Diet, Sei, Nat. t 59, fl 2 ; Jfm. MaUu, t
animal reversed.

a. Shell, dry. Mediterranean.

b. Animal and shell, in spirits. Mediterranean.

c. Animal and shell, in spirits. Sicily. Presented

Melly, Esq.

2. Cymbulia otata.

Shell ovate, globose, subcartilaginous, soft, lucid, spined ;
lanceolate, reticulated, white.

Cymbulia ovata, Quoy ^ Gaim, Vay, Astrol, ii. 373, t. 27,
30 ; Desk, in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2, vii. 438.

Hah, Amboina.

3. Cymbulia radiata.

Shell unknown ; wings transverse, rounded, separated by a p
the middle, radiated with blackish points.

Cymbulia radiata, Qaoy Sr Gaim. Voy. Astrol. Moll. ii. 375,
*f. 33, 34 ; Desk, in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2, vii. 438.

Hab. Amboina. — Quoy.

4. CyM BULLA PUNCTATA.

Very small ; wings ovately rounded, white, pointed with red.

Cymbulia punctata, Quoy Sr Gaim. Voy. Astrol. ii. 377, t. 27.
36.

Hab, New Holland.

5. Cymbulia Nobfolkensis.

Shell somewhat cartilaginous, ovate, spined, white ; wings n
bilobed, connected together by a long point.

Cymbulia Norfolkensis, Quay ^ Gaim. Voy. Astrol, ii. 376, t.
31, 32 ; Desk, in Lamk, Hist. ed. 2, vii. 439.

Hab. South Seas, Norfolk Island.

ai; wings 2, horizontal, opposite on eact side of the
luth, and wilh a Email intermediate lobe. — Shell cartilaginous,
embraoaceous, thin, transparent, regular, shaped like a hood ;
oath round, spread out.

ihia (hemispheiica), Ain<;, ^nn. Sti.Nat. 1827, xii. 328; Man.
toll. 117; Desk. Ency. Metk. iii. 121; Okeit, hii, 1829,319;
!unn, lamog. Mall. 13,

Jbia (hemispherica), Menke, Syn. ed. 2, 9, 1830 (not Hutmer,
W, DOT IlRger, nor Baitduml, noi Eschscholtz, 1829).

TOrKgny observes he has never found the genera Pai/che and
dbia of Rang ; und he fitnher remarlis, " De p«tit godets absu-
Ent semblables a la coquille des I 'Evribie, et tianspaieus comue
Int les coquilles des Pteropoda, nous parurcnt etie, pendant
que temps la Coquille de ce dernier genre, mais nous avons
jmu depuis que ce n'etait que la paitie cephalique d'un Cms-
, qui se detache arec beauuoup de facilite. Voy. Ama:
\d.Moll. 75.

1. EoRtBIA BEUISPBERICA.

|ul white, rather transpaicut ; fins oval, nanow at the base ;
mth black ; viscera brown. Shell very thin, Sexible, spherical,
Qow; mouth horizontal, very large.

X d|- Sovlej/et, Voy. Bonite Moll.

. PSYCHE.

I

' free, membmnaceous, without any distinct head; tentacles
Qe ; wings 2, lateral, elongate, without any intermediate lube.
Slull Done (or very thin, membranaceous ?)
be, Rang, Ann. Sci. Nat. W25, v. 2Si; Man. Moll. 117 (not
»». 1730); /lis, 1827, 749; Curtfr, R, A. BA.^^G^leri^>,,lt^m,.
aK II! Graf, Sgn. B. M. 1842; Proc. Zool. SocAW'ib.

JKn.3fea..li7;

, ifanff, ilnn, Sri. Aa(. 1
H..117 i Gatrin, /con. JtfoW. 1 1.
Att. 'Mb St'I^ene, near Newfoundland.

4. TIEDEMANNIA.

l,t.T.I

i

Be^ fdstuunu, transparent ; neck elongated ; tentacnla 3; ■
TOT Uim, OUneat«, forming a disk ; mouth below, summ
bjr dte %.— £Aeff none.

TMaBtSDlda, Chiage in Van Bmeden, Nim, Mem. Amd. Bni
SI, I88P; Ckiagg, Anim. Invert. Sicil. i. 96, 1641 ; Kralai. i
Nmlmm. ]e44, 394, t. 9, f. «, 1S47, 36, t. a, f. A; PhilipmJ
H. 914; ZtUtck-fur MoL 1844, 204.

(^nAtdis'sp., Beneden, Mem. Ae. Brvx. xu.

FGlelMip.,Foni. J^nHn. ^nib. t. 43, D.

D the mouth being prolonged and In

I. TlBDEKlNNlA NeaPOLITAKA.

Tiedemannia Neapolitona, Chiage, Anim. Invert. 96, t. 32, i

1841 ; Pkilippi, Sicil. ii. 215, 1844.
Tiedemannia creniptera, Krohn in Bricht. Arch. Nalun/. 1844,

t 9, f. b; Erichs. Arch. Nalurg. 1847, 36, t. 2, f. A.
C^bulia .... Seneden, Nov. Mem. Acad. Brax. sii. ; (Atlri

di Sci. Nat. Napoli, IS41 , 81 ; hit, 1843, 636 ; Zeiui. f. Hi

1844, 78,
ffab. Naples.

B. Bodi/ and theli tpiral. Operculum distinct, iptnL
Fam. IV. LIMACINID.<E.

Body spiral, sinistral ; fin without aaj intermediate foot-lib H
SheU spiral, sinistral, wilh the mouth angularly producri

columella dde.
Operculum diilinct, Bpira\ (lately via.tt&tt^'iTi,

toiuidc. Gray, Syn. Bril. Mttt. 1840; Proe. Zool Soe. IH

9.

idnuds, Farbet j- Hanley, Bril. Moll. ii. 379, \9AS.

ibTanchin, a. Gray, Land. Med. Bep. 1831, 235.

esees {part), Mtnke, Syn. 4, 1628, ed. 2, B, 1830.

MB (pari). Rang. Man. 113, 1829.

itstum (port), Dethayet, Bncu. Meth. iti. 343, 1830.

■dc (part), D'Orb. Moll. Cuba, i. 70, 1841.

leinc (Les Limauines), part, Penui, Fab. Sy*. 25, I

tmiaon, nor ff^oinr.)

Anmcliia (pari). Gray, Loud. Med. Bep. 1821.

tpbala (pert), Lat. Fim. Nal. 1835.

itidc (part?), GVay, Prop, Zim;. So>:. 1848, 149.

«K aninialii have been confounded, by D'Orhignj and others,
Atlanta, which lias a compreseed finat wilb a sucker on the
IT edge, a diElinct head, and no lateral Gds.
discboltK'a fi^"^^ "f Sttira (Ins, IH2S, t. 5, f. 3) appears to
jne the two tins of Limadna wilb the head, tentacles, eyes,
bdl o{ Atlanta. It is luost probahlf onlv u bail figure of that
P *e it has not been ohaerved by any suueeeding zoologist.
Iftved it in the same family with Lijaaciaa.

1. LIMACINA.

uU elon)^te, spiral ; head indistinct ; mouth at the union of the
) Gas and intj?naedial lobe, with two snmll labial swellings ;
I 2, elongate, rounded, united at their base by an intennediale
lioirculor lube, bearing an opfTCulum ; mantle large, open in
n, forming a large ^11 cavity; gills in the mantle; rent on
bl aide of mantle. — Shell imivnlTe, spiral, sisistrnl, conlain-
■ the animal ; operculum vitreous, thin, transparent, spiral, uf
' whorls with a central muscular scar. (See DOrb. Amer.
*ii. t. 12, r. 24 and 39).

^na, (helicioalis), Cumer, Reg. Anim. iii. 1817 ; Lamk. But.
390, 1819, ed. 2, vii. 433; Sehtcrngger, Naturg. 750, 1820;
V, Load. Med. Rep. 1821; Fem/aae, Fab. Syjl. 25, 1831 ;
me, Syn. 4, 1828, ed. 2, 8, 1830 ; DOrb. Mall. Cv,ba, i. 70.
'1; Bang, Man. 113, 1829: Fschs. IHi, 1835,735; OesK.i

iii. 343; not Hartmann, 1821; nor Wiegmann, 1?""
•y,- nor Smcerby, Genera, fig. so named is Atlanta-

SpirateUa (limacinA), Blmnv. Diet. Sei. Nat. sxxiL 384. IN

Man. Malae. 494, 1825; Deih. Emy. Meth. iii. 171; S>

Conch. Man. 100. ed. 2, 263.
KronJBcht, Okm, Lehrb. NaL 1817.
AigoDauta Bp., O. Fab.
Clio sf., Phippi i Gmelin, S, N,
UeterofuEus (retrovereuB), Fleming, Brk. Anim. 499, 1833; ft

Ptoc. Zool. Soc. 1848, 149.
Peraole (Flemingii), Forbei, Sep. Brit. Aa. 1843, 132, 249. ,
Scffia (retrovcrsus), Philippi, Moll. Sicil. iL 164, 1844. '

Helicophora, Gray, Syn. B. M. 1840, 1844, 69.
Atalaala (sub-genus Heliconoides), ffOrb. Voy. Amtr. Ik

MM. 174, 184. I

SpirialU (Lea Smriale). Eydoux ff Soida/et, Bee. Zool Sx.Vt

Otpier, 335j Tfn^nt. ilrfA. 1841, ii. 265 ; (?ray, Pn<«. ZmLJ

1847,203; Loiien^Ind. Moll. Scand. 4, 184(J; Fttrbei^a^

Brit. Moll. ii. 382.
Heliconoides, IfOrb.i Gray, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1848, 14B. ;
Limacina sp., Beruon, Jour. Asial. Soe. Calcvt. 1835, 170.
Campylonaus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, 149, not Bourn.
Fusus sp., Planing, Wem. Tram. iv. 498; Brit. Anim. 349. I

Liniacina, ea well described b^ 0. Fabrieius and otlrn I
zoolos:ists, appears to have been only iLnonrn to Swedub, D>
atul Englisb naturalists. Mollei, who well knew the t^
lately added to the genus a turrited species. These two specid
the giants of llie genus. The more minute species of tlie Alk
aod PactJic Oceans have been described as a different geiiiii.a
various names, by several authors. D'Orbi^y thought U
Hna (dre(ica) might be a badly preserved Atlanta (Frijr. A
Merid. Moll. 75): he first notJowl, figured and descnW
smaller species {Voy. Amer. Merid. I. 12, f. 24), and ttul
figured the operculum, but he thought some speineswenni
any : and though he described the cdour of the aaimai, he tm
nerer to have seen them expanded, as he regardB the gBHli
section of Atlanla, which has a very different kind of ataaA
have not been able to find the operculum on our specinjeai W
arctic species, but they are in a very broken conditian. ChM
Fleming and Philippi arranged the more turrited specia m
near the Fun or Pleurotoma : they differ from the shell '>f'^i
young Carinari^ Atlanla (see If Orb. Atmt. Merid. MolL t iB
7 — 9) in the shell being reversed. ^

Limacina arciiea occurs in immense quantities in the Ki»Ah
fiut rareiy out of the sight ot \a-nl. — ScothIk.

1

spin subgl'ibose, depressed ; axis vmbiiicaled. Limftctna.

mbglobose, subdiscoidal ; spiie slightl; raised ; whorls 6, last
«, with a veiT ob&cuie keel ; axis umbilicated, keeled on the
e. Dkm. Jtha of an incli. _

ina. aictica, Lovm, MoU. Scand. Kimg. Velensk. Atad. IHtM
, t. 3, f. 6. ■

«Uta Aigo, Mttller, J. Dan. Pmd. 2877, m

I Helicina, Pallas, Spic. s. 38. ■

Iwlicina, Gmelia, S. N. 3149; Phippa, Voy. North, 193;
ui. Buff. Moll. V. 69 ? Seoraby, Arct. Reg. i. 643, 1. 16, f. II,
not good.

djia arctica, Smo. Man. f. I'ram Scoresby ; Leach, in Ron
r. Baffin's Bay, i. 172, 1819. '

Una, helicinalis, Lamk. Hist. No. 1, ed. 2, vii. 436 ; Sow.

sine, Cvvier, Beg. Anim. a. 380.

AUU aratiua, O Fab. F. Groenl. 386 ; Ross, Vog. Savlh

tarcl. ^^.ii, 143?

ella limaciDa, Bhinv. D. S. N. ,- Malae. t. 48, f. 5, froni

ella arctica, Desh. Eniy. Metk. iii. 971.

. h. AniniBl, in spirits. N. Sea. Arctic Expedition. Vxe-

seated by Colonel Sabine.
', d. Animal, in spirits. Greenland. Friira Mr. Holler's cal-

veiy thin, transparent, vitreous, discoidal, sinistral ;

Doth, tather large, miidificd by the penultimate whurl, heart-
disunited, nii^ed on each side, and with an

llOioated ; spire scarcely cKCeeding the Inst wLorl ; whorls 3,
Doth, tather large, miidifie ■ ■ ■

ngsied, strong-, slightly arched beak in front ; opercului

ifiHy, very thin, IronspBient, few whorled.

lie rostrale, Eydoux J- Soukyet, Voij. Boniie Moll. I, 15, f.

-10.

Jis Tostralis, Eydavx |- Savlei/el, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cumer, 1840,

5.

inla inflata, D'Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. t. 12, f. 16—19, not

3. LiMACiNi Jbffrbvbii.

Shell soiducoiiial, spire much depreesed; whorla, three lis

louoded; lips veiy acute, mucnmated,
Spiiiulis Jelfreysii, Forbes and HanUy, Brit. Moll. ii. 386.
Hab. British Chonnel. Coll. Mt, Jefireys.

3. LlMAOINA K0TUND4.

Shell subdiscoidol, Einooth, umhihcated ; spire tatbei i
slight); raised ; laft whorl moderately GWoUcn ; mouth m(
roundish.

Hab. Atlantio Ocean.

larger th«.ii the otbera ; mouth liirge, oblique, angular, ,

shiirp-edged, uot united, forming an angular projection lif

arched columella.
Spinalis ventricosa, Eydoux H SouUytt, Rev. Zoot. IS4(

Forhes and Hanleif, Brit. Moll. 385.
Spiriale ventre, Eydoux el Soul^l, Vay. Boaiie Moll. 1 1.

Vai. smaller ; umhilicus less open ; whorls fewer ; mouth in

giilar and less angular. — Eydoux ^ Soideget.
Hab. Atlantic Ocean.

6. LiHACINA AUSTBALIB.

Shell turbinate, thlD, brittle, sinistraJ, rather largely umbili
spire elerated, conical ; whorls S or 7, separated by a deep i
mouth oblique, irregularlv quadrilateral, rather angulu
stoma not united ; columella straight.

Spirialis australis, Eydunx et Sonleyet, Rev. Zaol. Soe. i
1840, 237.

Spiriale australe, Eydoux et Souleyei, Voy, Bonite MoU. i It
—26,
Sab. Cape Horn.

1

conical ; wboria 4, last reiy ventiicose, more than half the
Igth of the shell

pt.Conch. Cab.ix. 129, t. 113,6972,973?
i retroversns. Fleming, Wem. Mem. iv. 498, t. 16, f, 2; Brit.
riot. 349 i Tnat. Moll. Anim. U 12, f. 45 ; Thorpe (Hanley),
it. Mali. Coach. 201.
jtofuBus KtroveTBUs, Flem. I. e. 498.

He Flemingii, Forbes, in Thompson Bep. Brit. Ati. 1843, 349 ;
peyt, Aan. Nal. HuL sxx. 1847, 16.
« atenogyra, PAilippi, Moll. Sicil. ii. 164, t. 35, f. 30.
icle phjsoides, Foriej, Bep. Brit.Ass. 1843, 132.
lliB FlemiDgii, Forbes j- Hanlei/, Brit. Moll. SM, t. 57, f. 4, S.
fjetrovetsa, Philippi, Sicil. ii. 164, from Fleming.
} North Sea.
1 — d. Noith Sea. From Mr. Damon's callectiun. ^H

I thin, glass;, «er; transpaieDt, top-shaped, swollen, sinistialT^
perforated ; spire moderate, canical ; whorls 5, rapidly decreas-

Sin size, the last rei; large, swollen ; mouth oblique, oval ;
imellii smooth and stightlf arched ; fins moderate, rounded at

Ma trochiformis, lyOrb. Voy. Amer. Merid. t. 12, f. 39—31.

alis trochiformis, Eydaux el Souleyet, Bev. Zool. Soc. Comer,

40,237.

«le trocbifonne, Eydoux et Souleyet, Voy. Banite Moll. t. 15,

17—34.

P Shell rather more elongate; iins elongate, acute.

9, LiMiciNA MacAndrei.

, (united, fu-siformi whorls 9, gradually enlarging, lost not

long as the spire ; mouth elliptical, rather narrow.

MM. Conch. Cab.ix. 128, t. 113, f 971, broken.

ttM lunaris, Gme/. S. N. i. 3587, from Cheuin.

? Scnia lunaris, Philippi, Moll. Sicil. ii. 164, from Chema.
Spinalis MacAndrei, Forba j- HanUy, Brit. Moll. ii. 38fi,

6,7.
Hab. North Sea,

10. LiMACCIA BALGA.

Sbell tutriled; whorls 7; Hjiire prominrait ; apexaeute.
LimaciniL balea, Moller, Moll. Groeal. 4.
Spiiiolis EteDogyiB, Lovm, Moll. Scand. 4 P

»a, i. Auimal, in spirits, Groenland. From Mr. Uo
lection.
n. LJMiC^^i BULIMOIBES.

Shell thin, diaplianous, gloEsy, elongate, not umbilicaUd,
Bpire higli ; Trhoils 6 ; apex Bcutt ; mouth irregular, qt
rsl, angular in front.

Atalanta liuliiuoidws, D'Orh. Voy. Amer. Merid. t. 12, f. 3(

Spinalis bulimoides, Eydotix et SotdeyH, Rev. Zool. Soi
1840, 238 ; 'F(»-bes and Hanley, Bril. MoU. ii. 386.

Spiriale bulimoide, Eydmuc et SovUyel, Voy. Bonite Moh
3&,42.

Hah. Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

12. LlHAClNA C LATH RAT A.

Shell veiT thin, brittle, oblong, swollen, sinistral, not umi
coTered, regular, cancellated, longitudinal and transra

r; slightlj elevated; whorls 3 or 4, last swollen, mm
the others; suture deep; mouth huKe, elongate,

angular in front; colunetla smooth, arched.
Spiriale reseau, Eydoux et Souleyet, Voy. Bonite Moll, t

—19.
Spinalis clatbrata, Eydovx et Sovieyet, Bee. Zool. Soc. Cm

239.
Atlanta reUculata (Atlantes en reseau), LfOrb. Voy. Amei

1. 126, 32 — 36, and 39 operculum.
Bab. Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Oedee II. GYMNOSOMATA.

abed, nithoDt any shell.

2 01 4, at the junction between the head and the body, willi
itial intemiGdiate lohe or Tudimentaiy toot.

idia oli?apteni, part, Rajin. Anal. Nat. 1816.

lia, Rafin. Anal. Nat. 1815.

somata, Blainv., Rang, Mann. Moll. 117.

iMma, Blaim. Mahc. 482, 1825.

nnchia, § r, Gmy, Med. Bepos. 1821, 235.

halis, Latreille, Fam. Nat. 1825.

odenni, nOrb. Moll. Cvba, i. 70, 1841.

|08, Rang, Man. Mall. 117.

UD, Mmie, Syn. 5, 1828.

B, Menke, Syn. ed. 2, 9, 1830; Wm/m. Hand. Zaal. 517

Fam. V. CLIONEID^.

t fusiform. Head with a seiies oF conical promiiienceB o
I tide. Wings 3, with a central foot-like appendage.
ba, part, Rafin. Antd. Nat. 1815.
^Okm, Lehrb. 1813.
) (Les Clios), Feruuac, Tabl. Sya. 25, 18S1 ; Rang, MaH
I 117, 1829.

1r, Gratf, Syn. Bril. Mm. 1840; Prac. Zaol. Soc. 1847.
IB, part, Mmhe, Syn. 5, 1828.

B, part, Sfntke, Syn. ed. 2, 9, 1830; Wi^m. Handb. Zoa
ed. 2, 545.
ica Duda nageant, port. Lair. Diet. Hut. Nat. sxir. 109

Synopsis of the Genera.

oRK. Head indistinct. Teniacula distinct.
DDiu. Head ijisdnct. Tentttcnla not, k^^bxc^A-

^

I. CLIONE.

Head indislinct ; teulacula 6, conical, three on each side,— iJ
of lingual membntae, broad, canveic behind, sligbll; tmiM
and denticulated in front ; lateml teetli 12-13, simple, >A
lather swollen at the base, the outer ones giaduall; smili
iot«n, (. c. t. 3, £ 4.

In snimmin;; it hnngs the top of its fins almost in conlio,
on one side and then on the olhei. — Scoresby, ArcU Stj. bU.

Clione, Pallas, Spu-il. Zm>l. x. 28, 1774; Gmrlin, S.N.ii
3148; Moller, Ind. Moll. Groail. 4, 1842; Rafin. And
1815.

Clio, O. F. MulUr, Zool. Dan. Pred. 29, 1776 (not ^nnnt,l!
O.Fab. Famt. Groen. 334, 1760; Bntg. E. JIf. i. 6M.J
Pemt j- Leniatr, Ana. da Mia. I8I0 ; Lamk. Svtt. AaU
IBOl ; ExLdu Couri. 1812; Phil. Zml. \S09;Hist. J.S.1
286, 181!), ed. 2, vii. 423; CuBier. Anal. Camp. 1800; .1»i
i. 242, 1802; Arm. Mas. 1804; Iteg. Aaim. 1817, ed. 3,1
Btain.'o. Did. Sc Nal. ix, 404; Malac. 482, 1825; itoj,
118,1839; UOTb.Moll. Cuba, 1.70,18*1.

? Amphirea, Rafin. Anal. Nal, 1815, no character or ^pe.

? Dicropt«ra, Rajtn. Anal. Nal. 1815, no character or type.

I. Clione borealis.
Gelatinous, pellucid, pale bine ; month and end of the bodj*

out of water, hyaline ; winfis somewhat triangular ; tail itt
Ataursak, Crantz, Grocn. 142.
See Gottes Pferd, Adelung Gesch. 410, t. 17, {. 18.
Clio papilionacea, Pallas, Spic. Zool. x. 28, t. I, f. 18, 19.
Clio borealis, Bng. E. M.n.y; E. M. I. 75, f. 3, 4 ; C^wf.i

du Mm. i. t. 17 ; Roisn, Baffim, Moll. t. 68, L 52, £ 1 ; II

HUt. ed. 2, rii. 425 ; EsAHckt, Viden$k. Sebk. Nal. 1838:&

in Rosi, Baffin Bay, 122; Loten, fnd. Moll. Scand.l;t

Vet. Akad. 1847, 188, t. 3, t. 4.
Clio retnsa, Multer, Zool. Dan. Prod. 274, 2, not Linn. ; M *

OroerU. 334.
Clio Limacina, Phim, EUU, Zooph. 1. 15, t. 9, 10.
Olio Borealis or C.IAmacina,<S'n)f'e«(ii,.4n'(.i{ea. i, 544,111)

16, t. 10, from life.

'm

Miquelonensis, Banff, Am. Sd, Nat. 1825, v. 285. t, 7, f. 2 ;
M. in Lamk. HUt. ed. 2, vii. 425.

a — c. In spirits. Baffin's Bay. Presented by Colonel Sabine.
«(— /. In spirits. Giecnlaod. From Mr. Moller's eolIeotJon.

S. Cliche austbahs.

hj, of a, rose colour; wings lanceolate; tail compressed, bi-

r i Souieyet, Voy. Boniu Moll. t. 14,

ipt. Bo6S [Antarctic Voy. i. 169) mentions Clio borealis and
iMMfo arctica as abundant between lat. 63° and 64° south-.
ftre probably distinct from the aietic species.

2. CLIODITA.
Acula not apparent; bead separated from the trunk by a. con-

I

1. CLtOt

f elongated, blunt behind; head very small, hooded.

lita cadueeus, Quoi/ ^ Gaivt. Arm. Sei. Nal. 1825, vi

S; Toy. Uranir, t. 66; Deih. tn Lamk, Hut. ed. 2, vii. 426.

. Cape of Good Hope.

3. CuoDiTA FUsiFOairis.

r fiuifami, blackish ; wind's somewhat triangular, trauspareut,

tended; posterior extremity acute; heai ■swi SKitfi, ■wv'iiiii.v

Cliodita fusiformis, Qmn/ j- Gaim. Ann. Sci. NaL W.

3,4; Voy. Franw, t.'(S6.
Clio fiifiiformis, Desk, in Lamk. Hiit. ed. 2, vii. 427.
Hub. Cnpe of Good Hope.

Nab. AmboiiiH. — Quay {■ Gaim.

Fam. VI. PNEUMODERMID^.

fl wfy fugifofm. Head with ainiB fumislied with pedicellate sn
Wings 2, entire, with a central foot-Uke appendage placedi
base of the head. Gilb on the hindei part of the body.

PaeumodennidK, Gray, St/it. BHt. Mui.,\M2, 86, 92; Proc.

Soc. 1847, 204.
PterobrancMft, § c, Gray, Med. Repoi. 235.
Pneumodenni, part, IfOrh. Moll. Cuba, i. 70.
Pneumodennes (Pneumodeima), Fenasac, fab. Syil. 15, 1831
Cliodins, part, Menke, Syn. 6, 1B28.
Clioidte, part, Menie, Syn. ed. 2, 9, 1830; Wieym. Ifiatdh. i

517(1842), ed. 2, 54S.
Paeumodermitie (PQeumodeimites), Latr. Fam. Nat.
Pseumouodennoidce, Agatiix, Nommcl.

Synoptu of the Genera.

1. PNErMODEBUON. Gills lobed, at the hinder part of the M
3. SpoNoiosaANCHik. Gills a prominent spongy ring, nwoi

3. Trtobocvclus. Gills a ciliated ring, round the middk rf
body.

4. PelaQIA. Gills ^ Soft.^ WMWI^«l«wC,^s&i«ii3ias,

r

'm

I. PNEUMODEEMON.

t in a four-lobed leaf at tbe extremity of the body.

lUnodennOD tPneumoderme), Cunier, Ann. M«i. IR04, iv. 32U;
>M, Anim. ii. 38, 1817, ed. 2, 1830 ; Lamk. Phil. Zml. 180U;
£f. A S. V. vi. 293, 1819, ed. 2, vii. 439 ; Sang, Man. 118.
bmodetma, /"eron el Lemear, Ann. du Mm. 1810 ; Gray, Lnnd.
fed. Sep. 1821 ; Blainmlle, Did. So. Nat. xxxii. 374, 1834;
bior. 483 ; Rafin. Anal. Nat. 1815. JH

UDodennum, Veranj/, Cat. A. Invert. 17, 1646. ^^M

mnoderaiis, Oken, Lekrb. Nat. ^H

Bmonudennuni, Herrmanmett, Ind. 309.

e, Olten, Lehi. Zool. 1816 (see Blaint. Malac. 55).

ea, " Oken " in Deskayei, Ency. Meth. ii. 7 (misprint).

I. Pneuhodebmon cucullatum.
J obloDg-.
unoderma CapuchODoe, Pertm at Leatieur, Ann. Miu. ISIU, xv.

UDoderme, PDeumodermon, C^uifr, ^nn. Miu. iv. 228, t. 59 ;

Ml. Moll.; Regn. Anim. :i. 330; Blainv. Malac. t. 46, f. 4;

BfA. £. JIf. iii. 602.

Unodeimede de Peron, UOrh. Vvy. Aiaer. Merid. 129 ; Vui/.

Mite Moil, t 14, {. 7, 16.

■modenna Peruuii, Lamk. Hiit. ed. 2, vii. 441 ; Quoij et Gaim.

1y.Attnl. t28, f. 1—0?

. Atlantic Ocean.

3. Pneumudbbhon I

^

3. FNEtTMODERUON F

Body cylindrical, lurblnated, elongpated, soft ; head villi cerr
rounded wings.

, Voy. Ailni a. )

Hah. Amboina.

■i. Pnecmodebmon violaceuh.
Body oblong, tiolet; suckers large, pedunculated, fiiot-Hl

pendagcs peai-sliapcd, elongate ; fiuE rounded ; whorls ntM

gills 3-lobed, quadrangular.
Pneumodennon Tiolaeeum, I/Orb. Voy, Am. Mer. Moll. 1!

f. 10—16.
Clio capenais, Sang, Ann. Sti. Nat n. 1826, 286, t.7,

Desk, in Lamk. Hilt. A. S. V. ed. 2, vii. 426.
Hub. South Ocean.

3. SPONGIOBBANCHIA.

Body fusiform ; wings 2, entire, with a, foot-like appeudaj
in a prominent spongy ring, on the end of the body.

Spoagiobranchea, UOrb. Amer. Merid. (1840), 132, t 9, £
Cttfra, i-70, 1841.

Spongobranchia, UOrb. Palton. Franc. Orel. ii. 1842; Gn
Brit. Mut. 1642, 93.

Body elongate, violet-biows ; head rotuded; mouth whil
boscie elongate, with two aoute appendages ; suckeis Sj
sessile, on a long appendage ; foot acute ; fins oblong, t
whorls spotted.
igiobranchea australis. If Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. \W,

Spongiol

Hab. Atlantic Ocean, near Falkland Islands.

!HODERU[D,ti.

3. Spos-cio

yrerymudi elongated, fusiform, pointed behind, brown-violet ;

tad narrow; mouth whit<.<, with loni^ appendages ; flns round,

bite, small ; gills white.

kgiobranuhea elongata, D'Orb. Voa. Am. Met. MoU. 132, I. il,

8.9,

.1. TRIG HOC YCLUS. ^J

ti produced, conical, with two lateral tentacles. — Body elongate :
U 9, oblong, lateral, with a lanceolate intermediate lobe; giUs
. « ciliated ring round llie middle of the abdomen, and with a
tiiilar ring round the base of the head and on the hinder end I'f

fcooyclus, Eacksc/t. IHs, 1825, 735, I
B; Gray, Syn. B. M. 1842, 86, 93

I. TcticBocvcLua Dduei
« oblong, cyliodricaJ,

lins broad, rounded. Length

ImCTclus Dumerilii, Eichirh. /m, 1H25, 735.
I, South Sea.

oath hidden ; fins 2, lateral, at the contraction of the body;
tnt at the base of the right Gn ; nerves very apparent.
IgU, Quoy jf Gaim. Voy. Astrol. ii. 392, 1833, not Ptran j-
me»r, 18U9, nur Lamx. 1821; Mmie, Zeiu-:h.f. Malak. 1844,

1. Pei«tai* ALBA.
jT elongate, fusiform, white-netted, rough ; lins subraedial,
unded, striated. '~

gia Biba, Quay f Gaim. Vay. Astro/. 392, t. 27, f. 7~ll

Fam. VII. CYMODOCIDj;.

Body divided into two parts. Wings 4, two on each ude, :

juDctioii between the head iind abdomen, with a foulJil

pendage. Gills ?

Cfmodocead*, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1840 ; Ptrt. Zool Sm

204 ; Agauiz, Norn.
PneumodennidiB, part, nOrb. MM. Cuba, i. 70, J841 ; Pd.

ii. 184a.
Cyniodoceide, Gray, Syn. B. M. 1848, 88. i

I. CVMODOCEA.
Character of the family.

Body elongate, diaphanous, translucent, showing the violet
fins, upper pair broad, ovate, loner edge thickened, loi
narrow, dictated ; medial appendage elongate, angular
at the tip,

Cymodocea diaphana, If Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. 133, L!
17.

Hah. AtlanlJc Ocean.

INDEX.

.ni«(H™LJ,0
)nuHiniii»(Sljl.U*

■anipiora ITi«d.), !8
■miipii™ (Con.), 21

calimli. (C™.), If
<wi(wnua(C<>n.). SI

CepbHLopoda. ]
CeplulopboTA, £
^pUlii(CUDU4

,]fi|(01eail.),
1.3'; (By.).

liidala^li'oJ,13
^!dgB(CleailaiT|,i;

Cymbulis, 15
GymbaUblK, 3, ?'
C jmbolidB, an
CymE)do»4.43

dimra (HtkIi
depnua |CU

44

^

•l™gim[G™.),W;(Spo.l

S.

KHribiB,M.27
B<iitW^B7

K™««bi, 30

P.

i.

J»hiMa(C...).{l

{■M»lb,JiB

TT&Vs

Sfe"''^

JKTigBafDitlii

pb„.^dLi(pU.L
pina»I.(Cvl]iiLl,f

ForrtidmHpz;,?

lTli™,.jo ■" •

V\^nfm,M,h

faiubmiiicuoi a?

ai.«ol«iciwdj,ia

FuK..aj '■

Iraiuliai* ICon.1. Sa

L«sonii |Cl»d.)ri3

^

'bS'iS^i™-!.*'^

i"*SIi!"-"'

LlnncirMUK, 3.SS

L=^;3f

p^Hfr

SS^'

pi>b™.,i„.).V

li««(HyiU,i;(:

ProcejibaJij.a.l

Oapdblu..S

IVr=K,S5>

lungni (TurVi^ 33

gloliuloHlClv.), fti'lPaTj,

33,38 *■ *■

gnciiU<iaa(HtTl.),I
Grmnaaama, at

ruAodriHlLiai
liiiaeloiHiiiii (C

HallDini (Clio), 31
halioisilit (Lun.), 31

NemoliuuiB (i'tad.), at

s

■oB«a(L[m.),31
ioBtBiia (Bill, le
J^wUefajafe), U

inandibBjai] (Ollol It
frfMuIarli (Cm.), ^
'a0)«)'lil (Lira.), 3a

oligoptera (Pi) 3S
Orliignii|]>u.l,10;(Hj,),
oniaialCoo.),*!!
orTia,(Tripl.(, 2«

OVU»(CyiLll.),M

™tiata(CriDti,).»

raiflwlOleoJ.l.ij
'Wiml«ia(4[LJ,JI
"*n>™nia [Lba.). B
■vronniii (Fw\»

"■te;!^ '•'^'^ '^-' '^^^l».

INDEX.

45

15
.15

1.). W

22

),21

1.17

?a, 40
ia,38,40

ea), 33;

lora, 2

8
18

:on.), 22
17

T.

teniobranehia (Gav.), d
tennis (Styl.), Id
tenuistriata (Con.), 22
teres (Con.), 22
Theca,20
Thecosoma,4
Theoosomata, 3, 4
Therozoa, 2
Tiedemannia, 25, 28
trachea (Dent), 3
triaoantha (Hyal.), 10
Triohocydus, 38, 41
Tricla, 5

tridentata (Cav.), 6
Tripter,23
Triptera,23
Tripteridffi, 23
Tripteris, 23
tri8pinosa(Dia.), 10; (Hy.),

10, 11
TrochifiBrmis (Lim.), 33
troncata (HyaL), 6
taberioosta (Con.), 21
tuberosa (Con.), 1^

U.

ancinata(Cav.),7; (Hyal.),
unguis (Crea.), 17

V.

VaffineUa, 5, 16
▼agnalla (Cres.), 16 ;

(HyaL), 9
Vaginula, 16
ventrioosa (Lim.), 32;

(Styl.), 19
▼iolaceum (Pneum.), 40
virgola (Styl.), 17
vii^e (Cleod.), 17

zonata(Cleod.), 18

Iward NeH-jnau, Printer, 9, Devonshire Slreel,"B\%YiO"V*^Vf.

I. TEHTEBKATA.

List <ir Mammalui Id the Collectiun iil' Uiu British Museum.
ByJ.E. Gr*y. 1843. 2s. iid.

A new edition, with characters of the genem and species, u
in the prese.

List of Mammalia and Birds of Nepaul, presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. Bj J. E. Gsay and
G. B. Gkav. 1M6. 2t.

UA nf Birds in the CoUection of the British Museum. B; G.
B. GH*r.

Part 1. fiapluiial. Edition 1, 1844; edidon 3, 1848. 3i.
Part 2. Passeres. Section I. Fissirostres. 1848. 2*.
Part 3. Gallins, Oralis and Anseres. 1844. 2s.
The olher sections of the Passerine birds are in pru|;iess.
Uktslogue of Reptiles. By J. E. Gbav.

Part 1, Tortoises, Crocodiles aad Amphisbsnians. ]844.

Part 2. Lizards. 1846. 3i. 6rf,

Part 3. Snakes (CrotalidiB,Viperida!, Hydride Jt Boidie).

1849. 2.. erf.
Pan 4, completing the Snakes (Colubrida), is in prepara-

'atalogue of Batrachians. By J. E. Gkav. In the prew.

N.B. These two Catalofrues contain the chamcters of the
^nera and species at present knonn.

J J. E. Gray. 1847. 3f.

fat of Osteolo([ioal Speoini

II. ANNULOSA. ^1

ist of Lcpidoptetous Insects. By E. Docblkday. ^^|

Part 1. Papilionidm, &c. 1844. 2i. 6d.
Part a. Erycinida, Ate. 1847. fid.
Part S. Appenilix W Pupilionidffi, £Tvcwv\iffi, ?».t. \%^*.

CATALOGUES.

8. List of Hymenopterous Insects. By F. Walkeb.

Part 1. Chalcidids. 1846. U. 6d.

Part 2. Additions to Chalcidids. 1848. 2s.

9. List of Dipterous Insects (in four Parts). By F. Walker

Part 1. 1848. 3*. 6rf.

Part 2. 1849. Ss.Sd.

Parts. 1849. Ss.

Part 4. 1849. 6«. 6rf.

The Lists of Hymenoptera and Diptera contain the descni
tion of the species in the Museum which appeared tof
undescribed.

10. Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects. By A. White.

Part 1. Cetoniadae. 1847. ]«.
Part 2. Hydrocanthari. 1847. Is, Sd.
Part 3. Buprestids. 1848. Is,
Part 4. Cleridse (with characters of some new species
1849. U. 8d.

11. List of Crustacea. By A. White. 1847. 2s,

12. List of Myriapoda. By G. Newpobt. 1844. 4d.

IIL MOLLUSCA.

13. Catalogue of the Mollusca in the Collection of the Brits

Museum. By J. E. Geay.

Part 1. Cephalopoda, Antepedia. 1849. 4s.
Part 2. Pteropoda. 1860.

Containing the characters of the recent and fossil gena
and the descriptions of all the recent species at present know

14. Nomenclature of Mollusca. By W. Baibd, M.D.

Part 1. Cvclophoridae. In the press.

Part 2. Pnoladse, Anomiadae and Placunads. In the pre

IV. BRITISH ZOOLOGY.

15. List of the British Animals. By J. E. Gray.

Part 1. BAdiaU. \ft4ft. 4*.

Part 2. Sponges. Ift^^. ^^.

Part 3. Buds. 'B'j O . l&i. OTs.fcx. Vi ^^ igw«s».

CATALOGUE

OF THE

BIVALVE MOLLUSCA

IN

THE COLLECTION

OF THB

BRITISH MUSEUM.

PART I.

PLACENTADiE AND ANOMIADiE

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

LONDON, I860.

CATALOGUE OF

PLACENTADiE & ANOMIAD^E.

Family PLACENTAD^.

311 tads, Gray, Proc. ZooL Soc. 1848, 201.

inidae. Gray, Syn. B. M. 1842, 84, 92 ; Hermann, Ind. 279.

jnoidae, Agassiz, Nomen. ZooL 1847 ; Hermann, Ind. 279.

una, Lamk. Hist, 2 ed. ?ii. 269.

sa, part Ferus. Tab, Syst, 40, 1821.

inids, part Fleming, Jbrit, Anim, 381, 1828.

aia, part Hermannsen, Ind, i. 61, 1846.

imarck describes three species of this ^enus, depending on the
ral outline and the waved or flat form of the shell, characters
h are liable to considerable variations, as may be found on the
: inspection of any considerable number of specimens.
le hinge forms a more permanent character, and affords the
as of dividing the species into two sections, and furnishes cha-
irs which separate them from each other. The right valve is
lattest, and bears the ridges of the hinge,
bemnitz gives the best character for the species, and has ob-
sd the character furnished by the hinge, which has been over-
ed by Lamarck, and by all recent authors.

Synopsis of the Genera,

a. Hinge-ridges linear, diverging, only slightly raised.

^LACUNA. Hinge-ridges of nearly equal length ; muscular scar
under centre of hinge.

*LACEN'TA. Hinge-ridges unequal, bmdex mweVk >Jafc\w!L^gK8N.\
muscular scars rather in front of middVe o(\im^e.

1,1 ~- . ;

3 CAT4L0Gini OV

8. HuopLAOOHA. A small pit in front of tibe baie of I
riclge. Fouil,

a. mnge-ridgn linear^ ivoerpmg^ onfy di^Uly mi

1. PLACUNA.

hinge.

Flacnna, Sdander^ 1 785, fide Chemn, CmuA. viii. 116; Hu

Cakmn. 1797 ; Lamk. Sytt. 136, 1801.
Flaouna, sp. Brv^f, E. M. t. 174, 176, 17»2 ; JLomi. Hitk

270.
Ephippium, BoUei^, Mum. 1708, 2 ed. 116, 1819 ; Cka
• vii. iia

Placenta, p., Schumacher^ N, Syst, 113, 1817.
Placuna pectinoides, Lamk. Ency. Meth. t. 175, f. 1-4, i
of Plicatula, Desh. in Lamk. Mist. 2 ed. vii. 271.

1. Placuna Sella.

Shell flexuous, outline rather rhombic, being straight ii
rather notched behind, rather thick, purple ; the ridges ol
not longer than they are separate from each other at the

Anomia Sella, Gmelin, S. N. 3345, 1788 ; Dillw. R. S.

Placuna Sella, Lamk. Hist. vii. 270, No. I.

£pbippium anglicanum maximum, Chemn. C. viii. t. 7

cop. E. M. t. 174, f. 1.
Placenta Ephippium, Retz. 1788.
Placenta Sella, Grai/, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, 113.

a, b. Adult. Purple, flexuous. China.

c. Nearly adult. Flexuous. China. Mus. Crachei

d. Young. Single valve ; flat, purplish. India,
by Dr. Horsfield.

e. N. W. Australia. Presented by the Earl of Derby

Var. /3, Shell nearly flat, subquadrangular, notched b
behind.

PLACENTADA.

2. Plaouna pap^racea.

lell rather four-sided, nearly flat, thin, hyaline, white and pur-
'aried.

una papyracea, Lamk, Hist. vii. n. 2.

ippium parvum, Chemn. Conch, viii. t. 79, f. 719, cop. E. M.

174, f. 2.

nia Sella junior, Dillw, R, S. i. 297.

enta papyracea, Gray, Proc. ZooL Soc. 1848.

a, b, c, d. Shell thin, slightly flexuous, more or less purple

varied. China.
e. Single valve; flat, thin, brown, transparent edges. India.

Presented by Dr. Horsfield.
/. Flat ; front, and especially the hinder edge notched, thin.

Pale purple spotted. Australia. Presented by the Earl of

Derby,
irhaps only the young of P, Sella,

3. Placuna Lincolnii.

lell flat, rather solid, subopaque, outline suborbicular, rounder
re and behind ; ridges of the hinge elongate, longer than they
eparate from each other at the base.

enta Lincolnii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1848, 113 ; Moll, t, 3.

a, Australia ; Mr. W. Davison. Presented by Abraham Lin-
I Esq.

his species is named after the late Mr. Abraham Lincoln, who
ly presented the specimen here described, and who was well
ni for his fondness for conchology and the liberality with which
'iowed persons to use his extensive collection.

2 PLACENTA.

semitransparent, flat, outline suborbicular ; ridges of the
g^c very gradually diverging from each other, the hinder ridge
ch the longest. Muscular scar rather in front of the middle
ilie hinge.

Dtu, Retzius, Dissert. 15, 1788 (not Klein) ; Schum. N, S,
1, 1817; Gray, P, Z. S. 1848.

Lna sp. Solander, 1785, fide Chemn, Cab. viii. 116 ; Brug, E,
t 174, 175, 1792 ; Lamk. Hut, 2 ed. vii. 270.

.Anomm placenta, JJinit. ib'. A. 1154

' 176, cop. E. M. t. 173, (. 2; ZtUlw. R. S.

1.325, f. 60, t. 326, f. 61.
Knta urbicularia, ReU. Distert. 15,

]84a.

a. Adalt. China.

b, c. Adull. China. Mus. Broderip.
d. Nearly adult. India. Presenied bj Dr. Hunt
e,f,g,h. Half grown. China, j
i,j. Sraall, rather thicker. N. E. coast of Aub4

Easington. Presenied by the Earl uf Derby.

b. Hinge-riili/e transverse, elevated on a broad, high, obi
3, HEMIPLACUNA.

Shell free ; valres orbicular, Sal, external surfaoe mini
and radiately siriatei), especially on the edge of the ^
cular scar in each valve single, nearly central, c"ircuU|
Talve fiat, with a large, oblong, elevated, traDsvem
the cartilage, having a very small concaivity in the i
in front of the cartilaged process represeuting' Ibe ti
mia ; the left valve rather more convex, with an oU
verse pil for the internal cartilage under the umbo. |

Hemiplaouno, G. B. S-mvrby, MSS. ; Gray, P. g-.
123.

Anoraia or Placuna 6p. Deih, in Laiah. Hist. 2 ed. vii. 1

PLACENTAD^. 5

lis shell forms the passage between the genus Anomia^ or rather
unanomia, and Placuna, II shows the gradual change which
) place between the three genera. In Anomia there are two
sles for the purpose of attaching itself to marine bodies, which
a plug which is free from the sinus of the shell. In Placu-
mia there is only a single muscle to perform the same office,
in the more typical species of this genus the plug itself is fixed
the surface oiihe shell, forming, as it were, part of its substance.
femiplacuna and Placuna there is no muscle or plug for attach-
t, and the shells are free ; but in Hemiplacuna there is a rudi-
tary development of the sinus through which the plug is usu-
eroitted, and the ligament which connects the shell is of the
! form as that found in the genera Anomia and Placunanomia.
ie name for the genus is not consistent with the Linnaean ca-
; but used rather than burthen the genus with two names.

1. Hemiplacuna Boziebt.

una, sp., Roziere, Description d!Egypte^ MinSralogie^ 1. 11, f. 6.

iiplacuna Bozieri, G. B. Sow. MoS, ; Chray, P, Z, S. 1849,

A.

mia ? or Placuna ? Desk, in Lamk. Hist, vii. 270, note.

a. Fossil. Shore of the Bed Sea ; Vallee de TEgarement.
Purchased of Mr. Sowerby.

Ti^

r

CATALOGUE OF ANOMIAD£.

Family ANOMIADiE.

Gray, Syn, JB. M. 1840, 1842, 82, 92 ; P. Z. S, 1848,

I.

art, Hermannsen, Tnd. Gen, i. 61, 1846.

, Linn. S. N. xii. 1150, &c., not Fab. Colonna, 1616.

luller, ZooL Dan. Prod. 31, 1776; Lamk. Syst. 137,

; FerussaCy Tahl. Syst. 1819.
art Fleming, Brit. Anim. 381, 394, 1828.
Echionoderma, Poli, Test. SiciLi. 34, 1791, ii. 225,

p., Klein, Ost. 173, 1753.

Klein, Ost. 173, 1753.

ph. Mus. Calonn. 1797.

Bolten, Mus. 1798, 2 ed. 134, 1819.

gassiz.

Dpean species of Anomiadte have been much multiplied,

e other hand the exotic species have been almost en-

tted.

I, substance, surface and colour of the shell, which have

distinguish the species, were suspected by Montague
ident on the age of the specimens and the locality in

happened to be found, and further researches have
accuracy of these observations.

Synopsis of the Genera.

vxoMiA. Shell not eared ; upper valve with two subcen-
iscular scars ; the anterior upper lobe of the notch agglu-

1 to the cardinal edge ; plug shelly at the top and near
jy, to which it is attached, and with homy loii^t»!ivcAK
? below and internally.

8 CATALOGUE OF

2. Anomia. Shell not eared ; upper valve with three subw

muscular scars ; the anterior upper lobe of the notch sep
from the cardinal edge ; the plug entirely shelly, and
free from the edge of the notch.

3. LiMANOMiA. Shell eared on each side of the umbo ; smc

up near umbo. Muscular scars ? FouU.

1. PLACUNANOMIA.

Upper or dorsal valve with two subcentral muscular scars;
per scar radiately veined. Byssal notch distinct, conver
a hole by the upper part of the anterior lobe of the note
soldered to and forming part of the cardinal edge : the ]
angular, gradually enlarging in size ; the apex and outei
next to the body to which it is attached, calcareous, lo
nally striated ; the inner surface covered with horny, lonir
parallel lamins, and more or less agglutinated to the edj
notch.

Anomia, /3., Schumacher, Essai, 1817.

Placunanomia, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, 29 ; Mull

176; Desh.in Lamk. Hist. vii. 269; Gray, P. Z. Sl

119.
Pododesmus (decipiens), Philippi, Wiegmann, Arch. i. 385,
Anomia, pars, JUainv. Man. Mol. ; Montague ; Forbes ^- Hi
Ostrea, sp. Da Costa ; Montague.
Placunanomia, D'Orb. Amer. Merid.
Placunomia, Swains. Malac. 39, 1840.

Mr. Broderip, who established this genus, does not obs
character furnished by the muscular impressions, or the lob
notch : he merely says, " Impressio muscularis in utraqi
subcentralis. In valva superiore organi adhesionis impress)
addita.'* And further, that " the organ of adhesion, wbi
bony character (for it is more hone than shell) resembles
Anomia, does not perforate the lower valve directly, but is
between the laminae of the internal surface of the lower valv
the muscular impression and below the hinge, and passes
an external, irregular, somewhat longitudinal, superficial i
cicatrix, which is narrowest at the hinge margin, and whi(
tirely fills to a level with the surrounding surface.''

This form is produced by the gradual increase of the siz
plug and the simultaneous increase of the size of the shell.

Some have considered lV\e " v^vv^" or " stopper" of Anom
SL third valve, which is ev\devAt\^ aTQ\%\aJLe, '^V^x^Y^^^Uq/

;onside[B it as the ossiBcation of tbe tendon of tbe addiii
I, Mr. Bnxlerip, in tlie passage qaoted, regards it as a ii

Dieffenbacb's Travels Mr. Gray has remarked : " Tbe plug^
enlly only a modification of the kind of laminar beard formed
end of Ibe fool of the arcs (arete) ; for, like il, it is formed of
DUB, parallel, erect, longitudinal horny InminEC, placed side by
xtendjng from the apex to the margin, and it is on Ihe&e
that the calcareous matter is deposited when the attachment
M ile shelly substance. The same structure is to be observed
plug of the European Anomia Epkippium {siriala)," — Foy.
'«aland,n.2m.

BtB. Forbes and Hanley compare it to the byssus of Pecten,
edict that when the very young Anotnis have been observed,
ill be found to be attached by threads, like thai genus (Brit.
, The plug of a very small specimen of the genus is laminar,
at of the adult shell.
E>hilippi, when describing Pododestitw, appears to have ob-

only ihe upper of the two muscular scars, for he gives as the
B character, " Impresiio miacjilarii anica, ocala," and he only
I the larger upper one an the plate.

upper scar, which is usually of a larger size, and has its sur-
overed with radiating veins, while the lower is generally
ited, appears to be the one which gives rise to the muscle

attached tu the inner surface of the plug.

examination of the uppec valve of a large series of specimens
xunaTtomia paielliformii has shown thut the position of tbe
uscles is liable to a. slight variation ; in by far the larger num-
Bpeciroens the small lower muscle is quite close tu and con-
with the scar of the upper larger muscle, but in a few speoi-
jt is separated from Ihe upper larger one l^ a small interval
Be. Hence probably tbe three West Indian species of the
■nay prove, when a larger series of specimens have been col-
■nd compared, only varieties of the same speci

tell pUcatelii folded. Perfnra
embracing the pliig.

valve

. Pl.iC

aCuh

11 depressed ; edge of tbe valves with three or four large

folds.

aantnnia Cumingii, Broderip, Proe. Zonl. Soe.

,. Genera, l. ; Memial, f. 1S0-191 ; Gray, P. Z. Soc. 184B,

It. Central America ; Gulf of Dulce, PiQ^ncft o^ d«!«.'^\<!»- ,

u large i^H

1S33, »H
. Soc. 184B, I

•''^:^:^

10 CATALoera or

•* SkeUoffote^ raHately ribbed ; edge notpBettaL Faf
of lower vaive moderate, firmhf enJorojcwg end MnwH§ ll
American. PoDODEsmTs.

Pododesmtis, PhUif^, Wiegm. Arek. i. 387, 1897; Qtmf,!
1849, 121.

S. Placunanomia rudib.

White ; disk brown ; lamine smooth.
Upper valve with two ronnded, separate sears of net]
siie, toe hinder one rather more transyerse.

Flacunanomia mdis, Broderip, Proe. ZooL Soc. 1834, 2

P. Z. S. 1849, 121.
Podoilesmus decipiens, Philippic Wiegmaam, Ar^. i. 1837

9, f. 1 (one scar left out).

Hob. Eniln^w? Broder^. Mus-Cnming. Havai

3. Placunanomia foltata.

White ; laminae smooth, with veiy slight, distant, radia
disk purple brown.

Upper valve with two nearly united scars ; the upper larj
rather elongated ; lower small, rounded.

Placunanomia foliata, Broderip, Proc, ZooL Soc. 1834, 2

P, Z. S. 1849, 121.
P. echinata, Broderip, Proc, ZooL Soc, 1834, 2.
" P. pectinata, Brod.*^ in Mus. Cuming.

a. Upper valve of young. St. Vincent. Jamaica. 1

Bev. L. Guilding's collection,
i, c, rf, e. Perfect. On Spondylus. West Indies.

Broderip.

The specimen of Placunanomia echinata^ from the is
Nevis, in Mr. Cuming's collection, appears to be only an ir
specimen of this species. Mr. Broderip doubted if this mi
be the case, when he described it.

4. Placunanomia A BNORMALis.

White, radiated, ribbed. Upper valve with two scars, co
on the lower hinder edge ; the upper one rather the largest.
*• Piacunomia abnormalis, Sow." in Brit. Mus. ; Grayy P-

1849y 121.

a. West Indies.

lese ihree species are very nearly rekied to each other, and if
re not for the diScreace in ihe position of the scars, might be
k Sot one. The first is white, and lie iwo last hare a brown
h on the internal surface of the dorsal Tslve.

\SheU ovale, not pUealed; radiatdij ribbed. Perforation of
lower valve large, oniy slightly embraci'oi/ the large thin plug.

lit, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 121.

,^

5. PUCCNANOM

pper valve with two sears, pHrtly confluent on the lower hinder
I ; ihe upper scar liiri;est. Lower valve with an oval, ohlique
I narrowed behind, rathei in front of the |)Iug.
mia macrochiiinia, Deshayes, Rev. Cuvier, i
tag. deZool. 1S41, t.34.

lunanotnia Broderipii, Gray, B. M. 1842, and Mus. Cumii
nntuiomia raacmchisma. Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 131.
a, A. Kamlschatta.
. Deshayes observes : " On stiit que dans te plus grand nombre
Anomies la perforation se reduil ordinairement en un simple
aoture, parce que les deux parties dii bord supeiieui ne se re-
lent jamais. Ici au conlraire le trou est complete, bt la valve
wllemeut perforee." This character is common to all the spe-
>f Placunanomia. M. Deshayes does not figure nor describe
■lug. The habitat, "Cagajan, Lucon,'' assigned to this species
Lt. G, B. Sowerbj muEt be a mistake. It is the specimen refer-
D by Mr. Broilerip in ifae observations on the genus in the Pro-
ngs of the Zoological Society.

8. Pl.*CCIi*NOUli CBPIO.

Bn two, far apart ; upper very large, ovate, longitudinal, cen-

lower smaller, oblong, oblique, rather behind the upper.
''g large, flat, broad. Notch large, wide.
manomia Cepio, Gray, P. Z. &. I64J), 131.
'■ Adult. California. Presented hy Lady Katherii

12 CATALOGUE OF

7. Placunanomia ALOPE.

Upper valve flat, smooth, radiatelj striated. Scars two, wd
parated, rounded, equal-sized.

Placunanomia alope. Gray, P. Z, S. 1849, 122.

a, b. California. Two upper valves. Presented by Lidj
therine Wigram.

ft European.

8. Placunanomia patelliformis.

Shell suborbicular, convex or quite flat, radiately striated;
disk greenish. Apex rather within the dorsal margin.

The upper muscular scar of the dorsal valve very large, ob
the lower one small, roundish, on the lower part of the hindei
gin of the upper one.

The peduncle of the cartilage with a triangrular cavity in
imder the tip, and continued in an obloug, rib-like ridge t(
the centre of the shell.

Anomia patellifonnis, Li7in. S. N. 1152; Nov. Act. Upsal
i. 42, t. 5, f. (>, 7 ; Relzius^ Nov. Gen. Test. u. ; Sars, U^
Cumi7ig\ Loven, Moll. Scand. 30: Forbes ^' Hani ej/, Brit
334, t. 56 ; Wood, Index Test. t. 10, f. 10, not Chemn.

Squama Magna, Chemn. Conch, vii. 87, t. 77, f. G{)7.

Anoraia Squama, Gmelin, S. N. ; Schumacher, Essai.

Ostreum striatum. Da Costa, Brit. Conch. 162, t. 11, f. 4.

Auomia undulatim striata, (5k:c., Chemn. Conch, viii. 8, t. 77,

Anomia undulata, Gmeliyi, Sijst. Nat. \. 3346 ; Mont. Tes
157, t. 4, f . 6 ; Maton c^- Racket, Trans. Linn. Soc.sv,
Turton, Qmch. Diet. 4, Bivalves, 230, t. 18, f. 8, 9 ; Di
S. i. 289 ; Wood, Index, Test. t. 11, f. 9.

Ostrea striata, Pulteney in Hist. Dorset, 36 ; Donovan, B.
ii. t. 45 ; Mont. T H. 153, 580.

Anomia striata, Loven, Index Moll. Scand. 29 ; Forbes A*
Brit. Moll. 336, t. 55, f. 1,6, t. 53, f. 6.

Placunanomia patelliformis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 122.

a, b, c, d. Adult and young. British shores. Mus. Mi
€,f. Coast of Devonshire.

This species is easily known from the other European s]
the family by being generally thicker and regularly radia
bed, and greenish ; but the number and position of the n
scars at once sepjirate it from all the multiform varieties
species. Some auihors, o\eT\oo\\Tv^\\\fe\AXX.^:^^-Ax\!s:x^^
inclined to regard it as a mete \a\\e\-^ ^'i Auomxa c^VV^y^v

ar, while, smooth ; upper valve with distast, Tadiating

iraally dark green.

le wiln two confluent scars ; upper oblong, loDgiludt-

ther small and more transverse.

lanJica, Gray, in Dieffenbach'a New Zealand, ii, 261,

F~ dandies, Gray, P. Z. S. 184tt, 123.
iinen. New Zealand : on the inside uf mussel
jsented b; Di. Stanger,

;, laminar ; edge of Ihe lamin« with small, slender,

joesscB ; inlenially green.

icnlar scais small, round, oa the lawei hinder edge d

E i sinus or perforations large.

a ione. Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 123.

gle dorsal valre. On rocks, Australian Seas. Tan

9n's Land. Presented b; Dr. A. Sinclair.

Et valve) Sat, with rather irregular, flat, radiating riba j
spotted; upper valve with two separate scars; ''
long, longitudinal, the lower one much smaller,

a colon, Grai/, P. Z. S. 1849, 123.

(no. 10). Mr. B
Iher young abeQ.

2. ANOMIA.

Il three aubcentral muscular scars ; hyssal notcli
t npper part of the anterior lobe of the notch aeparale
nen partially overlapping the front of the cafdinal

■ plug thick, elongate, entirely shelly, and quite free

ige of the notch.

1

^Bloinia, Mutler, 1776; Retxiia, Um-. Lamk. ISOl; Mifk

^risil i Gray, P. Z. S. 1949, 114.

^^Inoinia, para, ii'nn. S. N.

Anorain, A. Schamaeh. Eixai, 1817. ]

Echion and Echinonodeiina, sp. Poli, Sieil. Teit. i. M, lMi,l
25ft, 17B5. !

FeuMtrella, Bo^t^R, Mui. 1799, 2 ed. 134, 1919.
Lampades, pare, Qetert, 1787.

" Enigma, Koch," according to the cabinet uf Mr. Cuming. J
ll iB by no means certain that all the species hero indionj:
distinct, or are to be dJstinguiAed hy the characiers luipl
them, unassisted hj the country which the; inhabit: bull^l
distinct, and it appears to be desirable that thejBhoii!(il«'i
euished until nehate the means of more complclcl; iii)«dp

uem, and of examining and comparing the animui iihietl

w

^^Bj The Myjper taa in iorial i>

^^Koni nearly under the vpper one. Shell tuhorhievlaT. kPM

I, Gray, Prac. Zoo/. Soc. 1849, 11
t Earopean.

I. Anduia e
Shell white, yellow, rosy or red brown ; upper valve mdiut^

lemallj pearly. The upper scar large, oblong, the IwootM

ther smaller, siibeqnal, one above the other ; uie lowest iiflit|

rather more behinJ. Plug large, broad, short ; the Binosiili

valve large.

Anomia Ephippium, Linn. S. N. 1150; Chemn. i._

693, 693; JMoni. 7". B. 155; Lamk. Syst. \3% ; Mlti.i-
286 ; Poli, Test. ii. 186, t. 20, f, 9, 10 ; hamh. Hiti. vt'
ed. vii. 273, n. 1 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 116.

Anomia Tunica Cepa, Z>acoifa, S. Cottch. 165, t. 11, t,3.

Anomia cepa, Limt. S. N. Ilfti ; C/iemn. viit. 85. t. 76, L'
695; Dillw. R. S. i. 287; Poli, Teit. ii. 192, I. 30, f.
Lamt. a. V. 227, 2 ed. vii. 274, a. 3.

Anomia violacea, Bntg. Etic. Melh, 71 .

Anomia plicnto, Brocvk. Conch. 665, t 16, f. 9.

Anomia scabrclla, Philijmi, Sicil. \. 92, ii. 65, t. 18, tM

Auomia polymmpha, Pftiiippi, Sini. i. 9~ " "
Anomia cosiata, Brocrhi, «3,x. W,^-?

ii. ea, \.n

Dith.l\
HutviM

ija julcate, Poli, Test. Sicil. t. 30, f. 12 ; Broceh. t. IC

ja radiala, Braccki, t. 10, f, 10.

M. pectinifonnis, Pali, Sieil. t. 30, f. 13, on a ftcfen ; Phi- "

•{, Sicif. ii. 63, t. 18, f. 3.

ia margaiiUceu, Poli, SicU. t. 30, f. 1 1 ; PkiUppi, Sitil. ii.

la electrica, Linn. S. N. 1 ISl ; Chemn. Conch, riii. 1. 76, f.
i Lamk. Hist. vi. 327, 2 ed. vii. 274, a. 4.
insquamula, Linu. S. N. 1151 ; Chemn. Conch, viii. 86, I.

f. 696 ; Lamk. Hut. vi. 228, 2 ed. vii. 276, n. 8.
la puncWta, Chemn. Conch, viii. S8, t, 77, f. 898 ; Dillui. Jt.
ii. 288.

ia aciileata, MiilUr, Z. D. Prod. 249 ; Chemn. viii. 92, t. 77,
02 1 Mont. T. 3. 1S7, t. 4, f. 5 ; Dillw. R. S. i. 288.
ia scabra, Salander MSS. fide IHiheyn.
ia leus, LamJt. Hut. vi. 238, 2 ed. vii. 276, n. 9.
Ilia aepera, PhUippi, Sicil. ii. 65, t 18, f, 4.
ia elegans, PhUippi, Sicil. ii. 05, t. 18, f. 2.
la pBlelliformis, Chemn. C. viii. 89, t. 77, f. 700 ; Dillw. Jt.
1.290.

ia slriatula, Brugui^, Eac. Meth. 74.

Mia bifida, Chemn. Conch, viii. 79, t. 76, f. 689, 690 : Dillw.
«.290.

ia cjlindrica, Gmelin, S. N. 3349 ; Dillir. R. S. i. 291.
ia cymbiranniE, Maton j- Rachel, Linn. Train, viii. 104, t. 3

i Mont. Supp. 64.
ia coTOnata, Bean, Mag. N, Hill.

la palellaria, Lamk. Hist. 2 ed. vii. 273, n, 2 ; Deles. Receml,
y,f 3.

ia pyrifomis, Lamk. HUt. vi. 227, 2 ed, vii. 175, u. 5 ; Delei.
:t. 17, f. 4.
iafornicatn, Lamk. Hist. vi. 226, 2 ed. vii. 375, n. 6 = £nc.

I. 170, f. 45.

Bia membraoacca, Lamk, Hist. vi. 338, 3 ed. vii. 37S, n. 7

Sne. Mtth. t. 170, f. 1-3 ?

Bia cuouilala, Bruguiere, E. M. 70.

, h, c, d. Adult. Europe.

, &dult. From back of Pec(ra. f^wer valve radiated. Eo-

I fl. h. Small, very convex. On CertiAium valgatitm. Malta.

FrcBented by Miss Emilie Atlersoll.
. Small, very convex, obliquely costaled from a costated sbell.

Ifalte. Presented by Miss E. AUenoU.

SieHliici, nidialely striated. Coaal at Mnc^. "^xwaviVSv
brCavL Owen, R.N. C % ...

tt Asiatic.

2. AnOUII AUAB£U3.

Flal, white, smoath ; iDteraall; pearly, witb a
Upper scar moderate ; lower acars two, rather laige (M
Urge at the upper otie), confiueot into a broad, oblong w '
Anomia amabsus. Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 1 13.

llah. Philippines, Island Butiue (Jacliasa IsUnd] ; n
sBiid, ten fathoms. Mr. Cuming's collection.

3. Andmia cvtaum.

Shell auborbicular, soiooth ; intemall; reddish. Uppernv
scars veij liirge, subcordate; lower two, saborbtcular, jmilUiii
equal-sized ; the upper in (he ootcb of the apper cue; tItE
binder close to lower hinder edge of the upper one; sinusii
valve large.
Anomia Cjtienin, Gray, P. Z. S. lS4fl, llfi.

Hab. China, lUver Zangtse Eeatig; Farttm*. Mr.H
collection. Two Bpecimens.

4. Anomia srtah.

Snborbicular, flat, white ; upper valve intemkllj and W
lined. Upper scar large, oblong ; lower Kara two, goiall, <t
nearly eonnnent, placed aide bj ride nearlv on the lame liK
Anomia Diyas, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 116.

Hab. Singapore. On dead shells, ten fathoms, in coim
and gravel. One small specimen. Air. Cuming's colltctiaii.

6. Anomia achxus.
Shell purplish, smooth ; umbo rather acute ; upper v«1i
nillj ooniez ; inside purpliafa whit«. Upper mtuculsr ki
lower edge slightlj arched ; lower scars two, small, neall]
sited ; Uie hinder ratber lower than the other.
Anomia bcKeus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1S49, 1 1S.

Major Baker sent to t.\ie Mawuta «. leq \ai^ aeriei of
tl roires of this species, ooVXecWi a\. ^>it»dQet. T^wji

•m

^" ANOMUDi. 17

y rariable in form, surface, colour and thickness, and they
Sex considerable variety in tbe dispositiiin uf tbe muscular
In all the upper scar is largest, but variable in sbape
ound to bruad cordate. In most tbe two loner scars are close
cr, but sepaiale, and nearly on tlie eanie line. In others ihe
soar is rather lower than the middle one, and in a few (four)
tens, which are mostly produced posteriorly, the lower scar is
]a«ei ; that is to say, in sume the upper edge is parallel with
•rer edge of the middle one. In one specimen the two lower
ire on the same line, and are ccnfluent together, forming a
lout tbe sanie size as the upper scar, yet showing that the
sear is formed hy two muscles ; so that this lalve cannot he
inded wilh a Placvnartomia.

ezaminaiioD of this series of specimens from the same locu-
Jiink shows, that though the comparative size and disposition
ccars may funiisb good eburacters for tbe distinction of the
), yet they are not Lo be relied on.

itc or red ; the upper part of tbe centre of tbe dorsal valve

externally radiately striated ; apex auute, at some distance
be dorsal edge. Upper valve with three separate seal's, the

one very large, oblong, and rather transverse ; two lower
ery small, nearly eiiual. sized, and nearly on the same If
ikbelesis, Gray.P.Z.S. 1849, 116, Moll. t. 4,f. 3, 4.
. While, rather thick. Indian Ocean. Presented by Gi

ral Uardwioke.
\ Red, Indian Ocean. Presented by General Hardwii

Specimen figured P. Z. S. 1849, t, 4, f. 3, 4.

AnoNtA ACOHTEa.
swish white, suborbicniar, flai, smooth : disk pearly. ^PM
' ' ' ' r scars smaller, distant, circnfd
n a line wilh tbe lower edge 1

!, Grey, P. Z. S. 1849, 116.
. Jamaica. One small specimen in Mr. Cuming's colleutioq

1

White, pearly, thin, flat, amooih externally, pearlj wiihia,'
thick while dJEk. Upper scar large, elongate, arched lieliWi
scars two, small, circular, fat apart, the Itiner one caniidenl
low the other.
Anoraia fideaas, Grai/, P. Z. S. 1649, 117.

Hah. America, west coast. FaDama; on PittniMh*
Mus. Cuming, no. 2 ; three specimens.

8. AmomiA ADuua.
; Had, <Mct, with vammm, todirt»% iBJMiiiaii ■

nBlMtak UpparniiimkiMuoblokg,uAMWMr;lH
■dwiiMl, MpuOB, bnt okn logittir, «at MM%.OB llvfli
AMBlft ukmaa, On^, P. Z. 8. 1849, 117.

10. Anomu PAOILtn.

Red, with distinct radiating ribs ; inteniaUy reddiib peti
t. thick while disk. Upper muKuIar soar oblong, dim
edge arched ; lower scars two, rather mnallAr, nearij n
size, rather cloie together, but separate, the hinder one nd
than the other.
Aaomia pacilus, Oray, P. Z. S. 1B4», 117.

Hah. Peru ; Tumbez. Dredged from fire bthoms in i
Mas. Cuming, no. 9.

11. Ahohu LABBjta.

Shell white, smooth, lower ralve pale green. Upper
voKt large ; lower scars two, nearly as large aa, and dn
upper one, nearly eqnal, and nearly in a line.
AnomU larbas, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 117.

H»b. Coast of Pern, Payta. Mas. Cuming.

ipper valves convex, reddish, inleruall; pearl; ; lower

iRteruallj green. Upper scar larg-e, oblong ; lower

ge, railier entailer than ibe upper oae, close together,

lent i the lowest one tbe largest.

us, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 117.

1 valve. Peru, Bay of Guayaquil. Preaenled by R.

!W, perfect, N. coast of America. Presented by Capt.
iwttrd Beluher, C.B., E.N.

bin, sinuous. Dorsal valve with a triangular, w
I disk. Upper Ecar large, roundish ; lower scars
le together, nearl; equal-sized, small, and nearly oi

iUus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1B49, 117.

I Columbia, Bay of Canes. Mus. Cuming, no, 0.

wish green, radiately costated ; internally greeu. Up-

■ scar large, squareisb ; lower two rather smaller, sub- '

ogelber and to the upper scar, and nearly on the

a lower valve very lai^e.

)e, Grat/, P. Z. S. IB49, 117.

Sin)[le valves, yellow and red. Califumiu, Presented

idy Katherine Wigrani.

variable in shape, regularly radiately striated ; siuus
re very large, ovate, Dursal valve with three nearly
liar soars veiy close together; tbe two lower small,

together side by side, jusl on the lower margin of the
the hinder one being rather behind tbe hinder edge of

talis, Lamh. IlUt. An. «ani Pert. iK.VlVs.
lippilim, Jiefranre, Diet. Sex. Not. \\.

20 CATALOOUB OF

Anomia striatula, Deth. Cog, Fou, Parisj i. 65, f. 7, 11.

ADomia teDuistriata, Deth. Coq, Fou, Parity i. 377, in Lamk, B^

?ii. ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, 118. ^

a, 6, c, d, tf, jrc. Fossil, GrignoD. From M. Deshayes coQn'

tion. I

The ▼ery characteristic scars of the dorsal valve are well shoii
in M. Deshayes' plate above referred to, but not mentioned in Ai
description.

** Upper tear ofdortal valves large ; two lower tcart tmaUer,^
behind the upper one. Shell oblong, transverte. iENiOMA. Ko(ki

Enigma, Koch, MSS. ; Gray, P, Z. S, 1849, 118. !

1

16. Anomia jeniomatica. j

Shell elongate, transverse, oblong, purple or yellowish, wilki
purple disk ; apex acute, considerably within the dorsal edge.

The upper scar large, suborbicular, subcentral ; lower scais M^
much more posterior, small, equal-sized, and nearly confluent.

Tellina aenigmatica, Chemn. Conch, xi. t. 199, f. 1949, 1950.
Anomia rosea. Gray, Ann. Philos. 1825, 5.
Anomia senigmatica, Alton in Wiegmann, Arch. 1837, Verz.^U
Reeve, Nomen. Conch. ; Gray, P. Z. S, 1849, 118.

Hab, Indian Ocean.

Var. 1. Elongate, purplish brown, smooth, flat. Chemn, /. «
f. 1949, 1950.

Hab, Indian Ocean, on the surface of flat wooden piles, ^c.

a, b. Philippines. From Mr. Cuming's collection.

Var. 2. Like former, but more elongated, and the sides folded t»
gether, from being on a concave surface.

Anomia naviformis, Jonas ; fide Mils, Cuming.
JSnigma, sp. Koch ; fide Mus, Cuming.

c, d, Bengal, on wood.

Var. 3. Flat, smooth ; like Var. 1, but yellow, with a darkjMii
pie brown, transverse ray.

e,f, Philippines. From Mr. Cuming's collection.

Var. 4. Flat, purple ; like Var. 1, but often more ovate, andvil
a few radiating ribs, ending in projections, making the edge sini

0U8.

y. Singapore, on piles oi n<ioo^ ioTm\\i^SJsi^^\!«ritiv ¥tQ!
Mr. Argent's coWection.

S Gray, Proe. Zool. Soe. 1849, 118. ^M

17. Anouia ELvnoe.

Itite, lamellar, dnsely radiatel; striutcd. The disk of tlie upper
t with three separate subcircular scars; Ihe two upper scars
I, eubequal, one under the other; the lower one lar^e, nearly
lu, subcentral. Notch in lower valve very small. Plug small,
[ate, Bubcylindrical ; the notch Ginall, with reflexed edges.
Dia elyros. Grog, P. Z. S. 1849, IIB ; Moll. I. 4, f. 1, 2.
M, 6, c, d. Adult, thick ; disk white, thick. Port Easington.

I^eeented by the Earl of Derby.
e,f. Adult. Fori Essington. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq.
f. Adnlt. Depuch Island. Presented by Capt. Wickham.
&. Adult, thin ; disk thin. Port Essingtou. Presented by

Capl. Sir Ereranl Home, Bart., R.N.
W mall lize of the upper scars in this species probably depends
c small aiie and elongated form of the plug. The other spe-
friiich have the upper sear the largest, hare at the same time
pel notch and a broader plug.

3. LIMANOMIA,

adherent, longitudinal, aubequivalve, inequilateral ; umbo
"red to the right, regularly curved on each side, cardinal edge
Kiaverse, oblique, inclined to the right; valres thin near umbo,
pbtl; radiatelj ribbed ; lower voire with a subtriangular
.«h near the umbo, under the ear ; cartilage ridge ?

Lscular scars ? Plug triangular, calcareous, with

lanow, scalariform impression.

Sntnia, Bnuckard, Chantemmx MSS, (in letter) ISfiU.
St foidl genus, which has the external form of a lAma and the
Ud habit of Anomia, has hitherto only been found in the De.
BKanWne.

22 CATALOOUB OF ANOMIADS.

* ShelU adheretUy tometimes aggregate.

1. LiMANOMU GbATIANA.

Shell ovate, long^tadinal, radiated and dichotomously rib
ribs of upper yalve strong, under far apart, of lower yalye
broad and near together.

Limanomia Grajiana, Bouchard MSS. i' figure.

Fossil. Devonian limestone, Boulogne.

See also Limanomia multicosta, and L. Lineolaria.

** SheU iiolatedf attached to Terebratuia or Spirifer.

2. LiMAMOMIA OIBBA.

Shell orbicular, gibbous ; upper valve very concave, cancel
concentrically ribbed, and finely undulately radiated ; lower
smooth, concave in the centre.

Limanomia gibba, Bouchard MSS,

Fossil. Devonian limestone, Boulogne.

Printed by E. lJcwmaii» ^ ,"DwoTQ».>QMe ^\x^ft\.,'B\&>ttss^^'igijy6..

CATALOGUE

OF THB

MOLLUSCA

IN

THE COLLECTION

OF THB

BRITISH MUSEUM.

PART IV.

BRACHIOPODA ANCYLOPODA,

OB

LAMP SHELLS.

LONDON:
TRINTED BT ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

1853.

PREFACE.

xH£ chief objects in formiiig the present Synoptical Cata-
Logae have been^ to exhibit at one view a complete list of all
the specimens of Brachiopodous Mollusca in the Bri-
tiah Museum Collection, and to ftumish such an account of
the species known to exist in other collections^ but which
•re at this time desiderata in the British Museum, as the
matmals at hand would permit me to compile^ in order to
enable travellers, collectors, and others, to assist in com-
pleting the national collection.

For this purpose, short descriptions have been given of
all the genera and species of recent Brachiopoda now known
to exist in the different museums and private collections,
and of the better-known fossil spedea oi VSckft -svxnss^^^vss^l-

lies. At the end of each description is added tic anmtij,
or strata, aod other peculiarities of each aperies mentiooaL

Great attention has been paid to datea, and the gennic
and specific names which appear to possess prioritj in this
respect have been adopted.

Reference has also been
genera and species appe

noticed.

a the works in which the
'e been first descrihed »

Mr. S. P. WoonwAKD has 1 idly assisted in the pn

paration of the Catalogue, especially as regards the fosal
species, and in drawing the illustrations, which have been
engraved by Miss Ann WATERHorsE of the School of
Design.

JOHN EDWARD GfiAV.

CATALOGUE

OF

MACHIOPODA OR LAMP-SHELLS

IN

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

Class II. BRACHIOPODA.

iU inequivalve, equilateral, attached by a muscular peduncle,

the surface of one valve, or free ; valves applied to the

and ventral sides of the animal, united by muscles and

articulated by teeth ; dorsal valve* usually smallest, always

famished internally with sockets for the hinge-teeth, and

shelly processes t for the support of the animal ; ventral

usually largest, and with its umbo produced and perforated

fhe passage of the peduncle, frequently attached by its outer

and generally provided internally with two prominent

; periostracum thick, sometimes developed into concentric

ufmroo/ furnished with elongated labial appendages, or oral
I, which are free or united by membrane and variously folded.

What is here called the dorsal valve has often been called the lower

being usually below when the animal is in its natural position

to marine bodies ; but it has been found to cover the back of

f Sometimes termed an ''internal skeleton" oi ^^v^'^^^vc^
Mao/'

I

I

I

I

[

bein^ ueiully apiral, and having their outer mBtgin Hoffi <
cim ; mautle-lofaes closely applied to the valvei, biipd i
homy seta, snd furnished with large branching vnu; Ipl
organs occujiying a small space near the umliunet, inBiH
B atrODg membrane from the general cnriCy of the sbiiiliDill
the eirrated arms are esjianded; resrpiraaon paftrmjedh'
vessels of the mantle ; circulation effected by tna ioM.)
having an auricle and a ventricle; sesea united?} ovtiknli{
in vascular sinuses, or in the lai^. vans. ,

Habit marine, ranging from low water to 100 fatboni; •
climaUs and aesu (tVoodwerd MS.).
Oatreacia ; Suh&m. Placimia, part., Rafinetqat. AmI HBJ
Poleteriaj Bracbiopea, Rafinesijue, Anal. I4S, 1819.
Brachiopoda, Cuvier, Ann. du Mus. i. 44, £i in Ant^iJU:
460, 1805.

DumerU, Trait. 416a. 1806.

ha,^. PUl. Zool. 1809, 317.

hatT. Fam. Nat. 1826.

Scftttrijp. Natvrg. 689, 1820.

Rang, Man. 25?. 1829.

Ffcm. Brit. An. 1928, 256, 377.

Menke, 8y«. i. 95, 1B36.

Omen, Trans. Zool. Soc. i. 22.

Gray, Sy». B. M. 1840 ; 1842, 95 ; Proc. :
202 ; Ami. Nat. Hist. 2ud ler. ii. 435, IS4I
Anomia, part., Linn. S. Nat.
Criopus or Criopodermi^ Pali, Test. Sicil. 1 7>
Branchiopoda, Itiaao, Hist. iv. 1826.

Swmns. Malac. 1840.
Spirohrachiophora, Gray, Med. Rfpos. 1821, 238. J
Lmgulacea, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. x. 1818. f
Accphalophora palliobranchia, Blainville, Prodr. I
Acephflla Brachiopoda, Anton, Vere. Conch. 12, U
Acephala Palliobranchiata or Brachiopoda, F'~

Brit. Moll. ii. 339.
Conchiferes monomyaires. Sect. iix. (Leg Bud
chiopodes), Lamk.Hist. vi. 229.
onchiferes Brachiopodes, Lamk. Hist. vi. 241.
Mul. acepbala teatacea monomyaria (monomyaii"

Hist. vi. 1, 2nd ei. vii. 1.
Acephales testacfs, Braebiopodet (and Oati
•ixt. du Cows, 104, 1812.

Rang, Man. Molt. 26?.
Pftlliobrancluala ot ¥al&o\iTBiiALia, BIomhi. DietM
1824.

A"!!!!/, jlnn. ^ Mag. N. H.TTJVi-Wft

«lvei, part., Megerle, Berl. Mag. 1811.

Eoa BraeliiopodK, Eichwald, Zool. Spec. i. 2/2, 1831.

iquu AgBines Endocephales Brachiopodes, Latr. Fam. Nat.

mnchiata aeu Brachiopodea, Fan der Hoev. Handb. dor
I. 692, 1850.

798 M. Cuvief (Leftnw d'Anafomie Comparee, Ami.vu. i.
placed the Brachiopods with Byalea in the third division

ihell-bearing acephalous moUuaca, which he aftemards

Brachiopodea. Thua :

''vrebratuUs. Terebratida, Calcecia, Hyaltea.
tingvlei. Lmgula.
>r0tculM. Orbicula.

Lea Braehiopodei. Lingule, Terehratule, Orbicole.
Cslracies. Radiolite, Ca&eole, Craoie, ADOmie, and otJier

815 Rafineaque [Analyse de la Nature, 12nio, p. 148) di-
lie preaeot Bmchiopodes hetween the family Ostreacia of
Itiatvia, subfamily Placanea. 1. Calcealina ^ Calceola,
>iceUa= Crania.

ily Brachiopea of Poleteria. 1. Orhicula, 2. Terebra-
5. Lisgula.

817 M. CuTier (iWy. Anim. ii. and ed. 2, 1829, iii. 122)
>*ed Les Brachiopodes ai a class coataining;
«i Lingules.

«i Terehratules (Spwiferes, Th^ddfea).
«t Orbicules (Cianies, Discinee).
318 Lamarck (HUt. Nat. des Animaux sans Vertibres) re-
the Brachiopods as forming the greater part of his third

of the CoNCHIFkRBS MONOMVAIRKS.

'cs Rudiitfi. I. Spbcrulite. 2. HadioUte. 3. Calceola.

•■trite. 5. Diacine. G. Cranie.

■«■ Brachiopodes. 1. Orbionle. 2. Terebratule. 3. Lin-

819 M. de Fe'mstiae (Tabl. Ss*t. MM. ful. 38) i^arded
'tuMopodes as a class of the Acephales, and divided them

> 1. hes Lingules. Lingiile.

2. Lee Terebratvks. Tcrebrato.le, Magw.

3. Jjtt Crmms. Orbiuile, Ciuue. Ik^ieci&eB.

and placed CalceoU in the family Rudiste of the cL
branches.

Id 1826 M. de Blaiii?ille (Manuel Malac. 8vo) ditiMA
ophorea into four Ordi
lidered Bracbiopods.
Order I. Palliobranchks.

1. Coquilk symm^trique. Linguk, Terebratule, Theciiiq I
Strqihomene, Pli^tome, Diuncbore, Podoptiide. ■

2. Comdlle non-ai/mmitTiqiie, irr^guliire, constam/nal >^ J
rente. Orbicule, Cranie.

Order II. Rudistbs. Sphaerulite, Hippurite, RadioliB, tW
rastrite, Calceole.

In 1826 M. Latreille (Fom. Nal. R^g. Anim. 8ro, 196) dni
the Mollu»quea Agnmes Endocepliales BrachiopodsB inK H
Orders and three Familiea, thus : J

1. PfdoncuUs. 1. EquivaheSylAagole. 2. Jn^jiitM(M.lB
rebratute.

2. SesHlea. 1. Ftoinatees, Orbicule, Cranie. Acarde, E,
lite. Plsfing the genus Caleeole in the family OitncrinOi
chifSrea.

In 1829 M. 'Rang {Manuel des Mottusqves,l2tno, Vuit.'f.ISi
MTanged the AcepTiales Testac^s Brachiopodes thus :

I. lAngules. Lingule.

II. TerebratnUs. TCtairatule, Strophomene, Thkiifc*

III. Cronies. Cranie, Orbieuie.
In 1834 Leopold von Buch {Ueber die TVrefrrateh, Bi

4to) gives the following arrangeiaent ;-

A. Attachedby the border,

* Between the two valves no hinge-line. 1. Lingtk-
•• At the border of the dorsal valve above the hinge-
t One valve perforated. ^

0. This perforation separated from the binge-line bjt"

dium. 2. Terebratala {Atrypa, Orthis, StrigocephBlui. '''*
Peatamerue, Magas). aiVB

00. The perforation ia triangular, open, of which J3
rests on the hinge-line, and the apex reaehes to the »,p^ ™
valve. 3. Deltkr/ris (Spirifer, Cyrtia, Gypidia).

+t Neither valve perforated.

0. A large cardinal area. 4. CaJceoIa.

00. No cardinal area. 6, Leptisaa (Producta, Stiol

B. Attached by the lower side.
a. Middle of the lower valve perforated for

S. Orbicula.
6. tower Talveeatiie.attaAiei^i^'fta'ritofta'

pen articul^n.—l- Produetes, Productue. 2. T6rebra-

rebratule. 3. TWiiifees, Theridee.

lines libre». — 4. lAnguUi, Lingule. 5. OrincaUts, Or-

6. Craaies, Calceola, Cranie.

rsj in Ift40 (Synopsis Brit. Mua. 1840, i. f. 7) divided

jnily of Ttrrebralulida are regular, aud stimewhiit like a
Iftmp in form, and have therefore heen eaJled Lamp-
The valves are articulated together, and are attached by
r a tendinous bood, which passes out of the hole in the
;he upper valve as in Terehratula and Spirifer.
Aumlidre are attached by a tendinoun tube, resembling
of the Bamacleg, which projects hctwcea the apiws of
ng valves.

lucinido^, on the other liand, have the tendon passing
linear slit near the middle of the under valve.
t p. 1 56 gives a hat of the genem as follows ;—
mjuUAe, Lingula. 2. Term-atulid^. Terehratula, Spi-
i. Productida, Productus, Calceola. 4. Thmdeiaa,
I. S. Craviada, Crania. 6. Discinida, Dincina.
H Mr. John Phillips (Figures and Descriptions of the
ic Fossiis, 8vn, p. 54) arranged the genera of Brachiopoda

Ive free, attaehment hy exaerted muscle.
tves equal. 1. Lingiils.
Ivn unequal.

Iter valves imperforate, Athyrida; * no cardinal area,
1 J ** a cardinal area, Calceola.
^r valve pertbmted in or under the beak.
Ktiou reaching to the hinge-line, Delthyrida.
.al area more or less common to both valves, Orthis.
are* confined to the large valve. * Internal plate of the
l^es separate, Spirifera. •* Internal plates of the lai^;er
ted on the inside line of the shell, t Plate narrow,
ilialus. +t Plates very narrow, Pentamerua.
i«l area obaolete, beak intTirved over a minute perfom-
ch is often obtect, or merely serves to receive the beak
i.alleT valve, Cleiothyris.

Ktion not reachinK to the hinKC-line, Cyelolhyridtt.
truncate, perforate, Epithyris. ** Beak acute, Ok.-^«-
bdoiT it, Hypotbyris.

like a Oreciita lump in form, and hare tbmen
Lamp-ahella. The valves tat articulated t<^
amnialB are attached by means of a tendiaouB bsni
out of the hole in the apex of the upper calTe, al
bratule and Spirifer. ^

" The family Discinid^, on the other hand, bgi
paaaing out of a linear alit near the middle of tbit
the shell is suborbicuLar, and the upper valTe f
Patella, but more symmetrical — Diseina. ,

" Dthera are immediately attached by the oi|
their under shelL

" The family of Craniada are attached by d|
valve, which has an obhque facet on the upper aif
valve is suborbiculai, conical, with a suboeDtralj
Diacimc ; the mu&ctUar scars of the lower valves!
semblance to a face, hence the name of Crania.

" The family of Thecideida are fosail shells, veaj
but only attached by the apex of the lower valve^
duced nod somewhat lamp-like, and the cavity is i
a comphcated apperatng to support the internal'
Terefira lulida — Th ccidea.

" The family of Productida are fossils, probab^
latter ; one vidve is concave, the other flat, or conon
into the cavity of the other -, the hinge-line i> sli
shell Bubsymmetrical— Produftus, Cakeola.? . J

'S. Terebratulida. 1. Terebratula. 2. Hypothyri*, 3. Pen-

Camerophoria. 5. Uncites.
ff. Spiriferidte. 1 . Spirifer. 3. Atrypa. 3. Martmia. 4. Stri-

•^

f. Thtcideida. 1. Thecidia.

h 1847 M. d'Orhigny (^nn. Sri. Na(. 1S47 ; Pal^ont. FYanf.
krr. Cr&. iv. and Cows ElSntentaire de PaUontoloyie, ISmo.
80, 1849) proposed the following arrangemeDt : — ^

Order I. Brachiopodbs brachidbs (Brachida). H

1. Brachides proprs. ^
]PaiD. 1. lAngulida. 1. Lingiila. 2. Obolus. -^

2. Caiceolidte. 1. Calceola.

5. ProducHiJic. 1. Productiis. 2. Chonetes. 3. Lcptteua.

4. OrthisidiE. 1. Stroi^anieoa. 2. Orthisina. 3. Orthis.
C iJiyncAcnc22uic. 1, Humitliyris. 2. Rbynchonella.

jOcepbaluB. 4. ParamboniUs.

6. Uncitida. 1. Uncitea. 2. Atrypa. 3. PeutameruB.

5. Sbmibrachidbb.
SpiriftTidm. 1. Cyrtia. 2. Spirifer. 3. Spiriff
na. 5. Spirigera.

Magasidte. I. Maens. 2. TcrebratuUna.
Terebralulidis, 1 . Terebratella. 2. Terebrirostra. 3. Fisai-

1

^i

Orbiculidm. 1. S

4. Orbicula.
Craituiis. 1. Cra:

. Orbicella. 3, Orbicu-

Order II. Bbachiopodkb cirridkb {CirTkida),

1. T^cida. I. MeMthiris. 2. Thecidea.

2. CapnnidiE. \, Uippuritcs, 2, Caprina. 3. CapriDula.

In 1948 Dr. Gray (^nn. fy Mag. N. H. 1848, ii. p. 436 ;
Tranilated Wiegm. Arch. 1849, 'JS, aod Lovm, Arsb. 1845-I84!f.
213) proposed the folio wbg arrangement : —

BoACUiopoDA. — Subclass 1, Ancylopoda.
The oral anns not extensile, or only at the tip ; on fixed
■belly supports, or in grooves iu the under or ventral valvei ; the
mantle i« adherent to the shell, the substance of the shell being
pierced with numerous minute perfottttions, «\ttc\i wt ■^s^n'iJwA
iy tbe pracenea ot the mantle.

nliicli is uearly ivuGuymous with the amooj
Somerbv, the perfurat^ Terebratvla of Con
Kpitkyrit of PliilUpa and Terebratala of Kinu
hrattUida ai M'Coy, anil Cyeialhgrida of PhSl

The tuiiniBl has been deseiibtd by LinneEt
BlBiDviUe, PbiUppi, D'Orbignj' snil others. 1$
lioops ore united Uigether below by u tranavG^
uttachcd to nedial longitmlinal riilzeB of the vt
Terebratala of Ketxius ^ the Teretiraleila of I
doTaaia and Magas, Sow. In others the hoopj
is free from the ventral valve, lu Gryphia, Msj "
D'Orb. Hud Teri-ftrD/a/ina. D'Orbigny, for T.
serpenlis. D'Orbigny indicates other );enera
Teref/rirntlra and FHsxiroslra.

Order n. The Cbvitobhac
have tlie oral anna entirely attached in the fbnl
Inhed processes sunk into the grooves in the i
valve. They are genehdly thiek shells. Thil
siBts of only a lingle family. 1

Fam. I. Thecideada. ,

The aniiiiHla are deinlwd bv Plfi&n^iidM

r

and the substance of the valves ia not pierced with
oratioiu, though the surface is sometimes spinuUjBe.
cin? onlv formed on the edge of the shell while it is

Order III. Sclbbobrachia.
arma support a sbellv hand arising from the hinder
idge of the ventral valve.

Fam. 1. Spiriferide.
irms very largely developed and supported the whole
th by a thin shelly ? or eartilaginoiiH 1 spirally twisted

^lls are only known in the fossil state, but the spiral
the anna are generally preserved, and may be dis-
lections of the foasit, and are often to he seen in the
ecimens.

Iv is equivalent to the genus Spinfer of J. Sowerby
the family Dellhi/ridit, M'Coy, who gave some ex-
rations of the structure and the Spirifiridm of King.
woposed some genera under the namea of Spinffrina,
ad Spirigerina, according to the direction of the axis
iwnea, hut it is doubtful if these genera are only new
ose already established.

'fer of Sowerby, as reduced by M'Coy, and the Mot-
loy, have the hinge as long or longer than the width
1. In Alrypa, Dalman, and Alkyris, M'Coy, it ia
the shells oblong, rounder behind.
; to the description of Mr. King, tlie genus Striifo-
uld appear to form the passage between this and the
{Ann. Nat. Hist, xvili. 89).

Fain. '2. Rhi/nchoneliida,
arms are elongate, fleshy, supported at the bate by
ard, diverging shelly lamms ansing from the hinge-
le ventml valve.

easily known from the TrrebraluUdte by the cavity of
ug without shelly plates, its substance not perforated,
ce being generally radiatcly plaited,
species, T. psiltacea, is known in the recent state ;
u been described by Professor Owen. The tiunily
. to the plaited T^^ArafuIa of the elder James Sowerby
ch, the non-perforated Tfrebratula of Carpenter, the
thyrii of Phillips, and part of the family Terebratif
'. It contains the genua RhynchoneUa ut FiKcber «.'Cl4.
= Nypolhi/rui of Phillips ; CameTOpXoria, "^vaif.

consists entirely ol' fossil species, sc
of the former fwnily, but the ahella are g
are only attached to marine bodies by the Bnr&ei
Talve, as the genera Prodactus, Sow. ; Slrophalo4
attes, Fiacher; Leptiaia ajid Orthis, Dahnanj
RafineEqiie; and Caloeala, Lamk. "tbix &inil7;
King's Prodttctidit, StropiDmmida and CaleeolU
Fam. 2. Craniadcc. I

Nearly allied to the last, but the upper trIto.
like Patella, and the animal is attached b; the f
the ventral valve.

The aiiimal has been figured by Miiller, Poli I
ineludes the recent genus Crania of Retziiu, inf
bicula of Lamarck, Criopas of Pali. The lower ti
recent species I am acquainted with vaiiea grea^
and form according to the position and babitatiaq
This animal in many particular is allied to TAeo^
Fam. 3. Disdnidte. \

The upper valve is conical and patelloid, the I
and is attached to marine bodies 1^ a short tend!
which pastes out through a slit in the hinder p»
the ventral valve.

The animal of tliis genus bos been described
undtir the name of Oriicula, Mr. G. B. Sgjg^

^. u

entirely cdrtilaginoua. The family coneists only of a
u, Litiffala.

Order V. RuDiST&s.
der has been placed by modem authors with the Bra-
the proofs of its helongiag to this fHmily are not very
lUt as there is no other to which they appear to be more
■A, they iD^ as well he retained in this position.
[, CuTier, ifeuBsae, and some other authors have re-
ne of the genera as belonging ti> Cephalopoda, and
livalvea (Conchifera). Deshayes regards them as more
d to Chama, the charoeter of the family having been
destruction of the inner coat of the shell during the
a of the specimen.

bigny has properly united them into one group under
}f Irregular Brachiopods or Rudistea, but he includes
the genus Crania, which is a true Brachiopod.
'm three very tlistincC famihcs.

Fam. 1. RadioUtida.
'er valves more or less elongate- conical, Ibtedi the
i conical or spiral, free ; the texture of the lower valve

iiolUes has the upper valre flat or conical and cap-like.
BO, IVOrh., has a spu^ and produced upper valve.
if these genera has had many names applied to it, but

by Lamarck has the priority. It has been caiieA
^3, Ostracites and AcarJo, and the cast of the interior
been considered as a genus, under the name of Biroi-
damia.

Fam. 2. Hipparilida.
er valve is elongate, tapering sub-eylindrical, of a solid
texture; the ujiper valve is nearly flat, and pierced
iar pores radiating to the circumference with branches
■M the up(ier surface,
lily contains only a single genus, Htppurites, Lamarck,

also bad many other names apphed to it, as Cdtru-
hoceratites, Batolites (or Balhobtes), Raphanister, and

Fam, 3. Caprotinida,
lei or fixed valve is conical and spirally twisted, and
«ninlly with prominent ridges or transverse septa ; the
free valve is oblique or spiral. They differ from Ca-
le valves not iieiug of a cellular or flbrous texture,
nily contains two genera : —

r>ltna,J)'Orb., which has the cavity o!ttie,»\v€i'ai«iA'i
"' '~'"~ 'ridgea.

Rephalua

"TTI

. Uncites. 10. PeDtHmenu.
13. Sprifer. 14. Trigonotr
16, Porambonites. I?. Orthis. 18. Pronites. ,
nites. 20. OrthaUbonites. 21. Gonambonites. {
2J. Leptsoa. 24. PlecUmibonltea. 25. Stroph<ri|
liuctus 27. Calceola.

B. Rudistm. 28. Orbieuln. 29. Crmnia. 31
31. Hippuriteg. 32. RadioUtes. 33. SphsniliteS
-*t5. IchthyoBBTcolithiu. 36. Caprina. 37. Reqaj
|irotina. 39. Plagiop^chtu. 40. Dipilidia, 41

In 1830 Dr. Van der Hoevea (Handbuch der Zo
1850, 80, p. 692) divided the Paltiobranchiala (|
thus : —

I. Teita acardis. 1. Liogula. 2. Orbicolti.

II. Teita cardine iiatructa. 4. Calceola. 5i
Terebratula. 7- Spirifer. 8, Productus.

Subclass 1. ANCYLOPODA.

The oral armH recurved and affixed to shelly ap
disk of the dorsal valve. Shell minutely and cl
Ancylopoda, Gray, Ann. 6f Mag. N. H. ii. 1848,

ifatt B.M.:m Wiem. Arek. lag. «:«M

t minntelv
ted; venii
with the a|
omthehii
iposed of

Fam. I. TEREBRATULID^.

1

punctate, uauiJly round or oval, and smooth

ventral valve {fig. 2) largest, ita umbo produced into

with the apex truncated and perforated ; forameu {/) aepB-

^from the hinge-line by a Bmall triangular plate or deltidimrt

Hnposed of two pieces {deliidiaj ; teeth (f| situated one on

«de of the delttdium, supported by plates ; dorsal valve

(4^ 1) with a depressed umbo; fnmisbed interiorl}' with a pro-
'-^aunent cardinal process |j) between the soekets for the teeth ((').
'*llluige-plate(p) with four cavities and a ceotr^ ridge
■T^*); internal skeleton in the funn of ' ' ■ -"-
Wshed hy its etura (c) to the binge-|iln
''~~ with oral processes (c),

Pig. 1- DdisbI Tolve r—J. nrdinjiJ pnxHai; t'- ilcntol utlieU ; ^. hiii|r«-pLite ;
#. tepEum i c. crun Df the loop ; [. rcflocUd porfjon dI the loop i n. qiudniple

MMnfn; r^ ntnicuir imprcviiiflB t p. pedfcic'diu-iclen i j. aiml muHcLa ; v. posi-

Jntmu/ always attached by a peduncle; furnished with cirrsted
arms, united throughout by membrane, folded upon themselves,
and only spiral at their extremities ; muscles of^ three kinds, —
■dductors, retractors, and those which go to the peduncle {brissal
In ofdal muscles of ordinary bivalves). The adductors are at-
Uened to four sjrats near the ceotre of the dorsal valve (ni), and
to s single spot behlud the centre of the opposite valve (a) ; the
retractors oniinate on each side of the adductor in the rentral
valve (r), and are attached to the cardinal process (j) of the dorsal
valve ; the hinee-teeth form tbe fuicram on which the dorsal
nhe tnma,- oftbepedicle muscles, two (,n^OTVgui»i*. ov&ivSft "ftift
fdda^or and behind the retractoi's ia ttic \Mftmi ■s'i^se'- W<i

otboB, ndi with k doable tcnnimtion, miniatedmAcUq^
pbtc ip; of the doiBl Tmhe ; tlie Mrptum (iippact* Ac jmd

TSe poatkm at wUc^ the intntfaie of Toehitidft ttnmialHt
nnelT jiM behind the •ddnctor miude (fig. 2, «), Men k
n^h- tlui it di«eh«y throng the byal fe ww a i ; niitdi
aue •mnganent eiuti in TereArofvhiia, t^WMMia, Jraiwe, nl
in the meni JUfiteieaWJa MMriraM^ it hecome* nnnw t'"
tuA a tbegcnetaliuk; in tboK exiiiiict senokiniidihtK
(bninai rioted U ui eartv age, there ii wr^B m opomf t^
tvem thedeWdiui and ^ umbo of the SDwlemm («.;.■
['■nfr*yrjpiw), whidi hMbeen miilsken for ■ bfMdiM
The fixHDen in the hii^e-plate of Atkjrit ihom that die bd*
tine took die nme coone m the Spir^rrida aa it ii knomi tofc
in the iUmeioMfiid* and Trrrbrahtliiia *.

The fbUowinK illtutntian (fig. 2*) ii from a dmring I7 X^
AlbanT Haneoek.

dihtKlk

* The miuculaT ijitem of Tin*. jfaMteeat wii coirectlj (tbixift
diipUDatkallf) repivMoted aad described by Mr. King in lui Mcmiii
of the Permian Hniib, published bj the Palxoatogiaphical Sodttj ii
1850; Ibejiatctiim ot the n^nAotvuxiai&a -««&»«. «;tiud, but nmr
bare been nndentood. (.Wooduord, ll&.'i

e. Leach, MSS. 1818, Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. xx. 27*11
NSmtulidK, Gray, Svn.B.M. 1840; 1842,85,92; SmcAnmM
N. H. 2nd ser. ii. 436, 1848 ; fViegm. Arch. 1849, 98.

Jtf Coj, Carb. Fo$s. Ireland.

Kinff, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist, xriii. 26.
" fbrfiw %■ Henley, Brit. MoU. ii. 343.
i| jyOrb. Coars Pal&nl. 80. 1849.
MbntalaceB, Menke, Syn. ed. 2. 95, 1830.
wAmtidacea, part., Anton, Verz. Coach. 12, 21.
MtTBtulBcea;, Menke, Syn. ed. 1. 56, 1828.
bT^aiTHttilcs, F6vas. Tab. SyH. 1821.
[ Rang, Man. Mali. 258.

UiiIk, pert., Eickw. Zool. Spec. i. 275.
pBddidiE, part. (Megathyrie), D'Orb. Ter. Crit. iv.
telothyridx, PkilHpt, Pal. Foss. ComiBall.

Syaopgis of Tribes and Gmfra.
A. LiOoj) attacked to the hinge-plate. — Tereiirt

n Ihe middle of the dorUl,

4. Tehbbbatella.

5. Thiookobemuh.

6. Magas.

7. BoCCHAHDIA.

8. Mrgerlia.

9. MoRRiaiA.

10. Kraussia.

C. Loop attacked to the surface of ralne. — irgioploo.

11. Aroiopb.

Tribe I. TEREBRATULANINA.

8htU tuually oval, valves cauvex, morgiuB even or ouly alight^
iTed ; hiuge'line curved ; beak of the larger valve perforated,
e foruaen quite at the apex ; deltidium of two pieces, often
ended; internal akeletoo coHsUting oC a.B\en4« *\\ft\Vj\ws^,
- - -' - ' o the middle to the valve.

114. ^^M

ijatak. fMi. /.aoi. inuw; ttta. *

Lorm, Ind. Moll. Skand. 29.

Leach. Zool. MUcell. i. 76, 1S14. '

Schum. Eas. 133,

Fenaa. Tab. SfSl. Il

RoHff, Man. 1829.

Gray, Lrmd. Med. Repos. xv. 1821 ; Sji^
1842, 92 ; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 202.

Menkf, Sy». 1828 & 1830.

Forie* ^ Hanicy, Brit. MoU. ii. 349.
j^oniia, part, (animal), Linn. 17(>8, Sjrg/. Nat.
Lampodes, part., Gteera, 1787.
Lampas, Haraiih. 17'J7, Mm. Caloa. (not ScAwn.j
GryphuB, MUklfeldt, 1811, Berlin Mag. 64.

Groy, ilnn. 4" Mop. Jtf. H. 1848, ii. p. 438 («

Epithyris, Phillips, 1844, Pai. Fww. p. 55.

Smooth Tecebratulte (with r tninc^ed beak), j

History of Norlhamptoa. ,

TerebrahiU (restricted), Fischer, 1809, Jbw. Wo*

Punrtttte TerebratulK, Morris, 1841, Mw, Cm. ij

p. 12. \

Carpenter, 1644, Report Brit. Assoc, p. 18J

Epithyri^, Morris, 1346, Geo2. Soc. J<iam. p. a

Tewtow wla wid TewtoatuliMi, g Qrt. firf^ii*^

r

I. TEREBRATLLA.
tkell : — Valves convex, foramen complete ; loop short a
.]de (fig. 3).

cbatulte with short loops, Dmridson, 1852, Ann. N
1. 364 i Mm. Cret. u. 45.
ahyrii (elongatB), King. 1849. Ptnaiau Fosmh, SI, 146 (m

rtntulff Jugatte rejianilie, part., Back, 1834. iiber Tfrtbra^.

Bbrtttulx uariuatsE BiQiiatK, part.. Buci, I, c. 1834.
bbntulie biplicatte, Quensl. 18,51, Handb. ^. 471.
-(ihiu (vitren). Mei/rrh, Berl. May. ISIl, (i4.

AfU TO imdeih ovate, slightly truncated in front, ventricoie, J
Oth, translucent, milky, or pale hom-colour ; valves nearly ■
~' ; beak short, recurved i foramen smalt: J

!fenia tcrebratulo, Linn. S. N'. 1153.

QmeUn, S. N. 3344.

Da Costa, El^. 292. t. fi. f. 3.
mlantrea. Bom. Mm. 119. Vig.Wi.

U)Mtiih> vitrea. Lamk. Syst. A s.V. 139, 1801 ; B. M. t. 2S9i\

1 ; Huit. vi. 245. ea. 2. vii. 329.

Sw. Thrs. Conch, vii. 353. t. 70. f, 56-69.
|>/a^l^ MM. SieU. i. 95. t. 6. f. 6 ; n.66.

18 BRACHIOPODA.

KmMter, Ctmek. ^iL 21. t. 2. f. 11-13 ; 1. 1. £ 13. R
Davidmrn, Aim. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 364.
TcrelntiilA (a) mib-yitrea {Leach), Bkmw. Diet. 8ei M

135. 1828.
Terebntok eathyrm, PhU. 1844, MoU. SieU. n. p. 68. 1. 18.
Gryphiu Titreus, Megerle, Berl. Mag, 1811, 64.
HaiUat. Meditemnean, in 90 to 250 fiithoms, on miO
mud {Forbes).

Fooil. Pliocene, Sicily.

2. TbRBBRATULA 8PHBNOIDBA.

Skdl triangiilnriy-ovate, tnmcated in front, smooth; nu
eren, obacnraiy bismnated in front ; dorsal valve convex nei
umbo, depressed in front ; beak prominent, scarcely ci
foramen moderate, round; dehidium conspicuous; loop
simple. Lon. 12, kt. 10, alt. 6 lines.

Terebratula sphenmdea, Pha. 1844, MoU.Sunl. n. p. 67. 1 1
Bronn, Indof, p. 1251.

Fossil. Ptioceme, Sicily*

3. TbRBBRATULA 8BPTATA.

SheU oval, subquadrate, ventricose, smooth ; valves gil
rather tnmcated in front, sides nearly parallel ; dorsal valv
the front maigin rather bent downwards, beak prominent,
foramen moderate, round; deltidium soHd. Lon. 10, lat.
7 lines.

Terebratula septata, Phil. 1844, Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 68. 1. 1!
Bronn, Index, p. 1250.

Fossil. Pliocene. Sicily.

4? Terebratula uva.

Shell narrowly-oblong, gibbous, smoQth, sliffhtly trans
pale horn-colour; margins even; beak produced, tnui
foramen large, deltidium small, concave ; loop short ?. L
lat. 7 9 alt. 6 lines.

Terebratula uva, Brod. 1833, Proc. Zool. Soc. 124.

G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch, vii. 353. t. 70. f. 53-55.

Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, ix. p. 364.
H(d). Gulf of Tehuantepec (Mus. Cuming).

5. Terebratula grandis.

Shell oval, ventricose, smooth, becoming very thick wil
front margin obscuieVy )d\^\\c»XA\ >Q«d>E^ w^^tt^)^^ ^i^
cwrved, lateral ridges m^aitvMX.*, ia«.xaKa.\NR^ «SL^^Kk\E

BBACmOPODA.

K).

sbretula mndti, Blum. 1S03, Arch. Tell. t. t. f. 4 j Encvel.
BftA. p. 259. f. 2.

Brmn, Index, p. 1237.

Pka. Molt. Skil. ii. p. 67.

Danker, Palaont. p. 129, t. 18. f. 4.
sTwstulitea pffanteua, Schl. 1813, Leonhard's Min. Taich. ?•
. 104; Pflr^. p. 27S.ao.4S.

Buck, M(hn. Soc. GAL Fi-ance, iii. p. 222 (not figured).
Bbratula ipoudv lodes, Smith, 1B17, SCrat. Synl. p. 12.
abnttnlH biroatris, Val. 1819, in Lam. HUt. Nat. ; Dm. Ann.
r^. Hist. June 1850, pL 13. f. 23.
BbrituU variabilii, Sou). 1829, Min. Con. vi. p, 148. 1. 1)76.

2-5.

OaUotti, Man. Geoi. Brabant, p. 161.

Nytl, Cog. Fou. Anvers, p. 15. no. 37.
elwatula perfonma, Dnj'ardra, 193/, MAi. Soc. GAl.Fr. p, 272.
ebratula maxima, Ckarleaworth, 1837, Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 92. '

13, \4.
BbiUul* Sowerbii, Nyst, 1843, Co;. Bflg. p. 335. pi. 27. f. 3.
«1. Miocene. England; Belgium; France.
^Tehbbbatula ampulla. B.U.

amis ampulla, Brocth. 1814, Conci. ii. 466. t, 10. f. 6.
Vbntola ampulla, De>h. E. M. iii. 1027.

BmcA, Mmi. Tereb. lll.n.4.

Vttl. in Lamk. Hist. vii. 336.

Dor. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850.
scbratula Pedcmontsna, Valenciennes, in Lam. Hist. \
See Dav. Anit. Nat. HUt. June l»50,pl. 14. {. 34.
f*hiatula complauata, Brocehi, Conch, ii. p, 469. t. 10. f. 6 T. ■
Mil. Miocene. Turin ; Malta.

^EBBBBATULA BISI.VUATA.

9^11 oval, rather depressed, smootb, fra^le;

ebntuln biainuata, Valenc. I81S, in Lami. Hist. vii. 339.
bvth. Foss. Pari), i. t. 65. f. 1, 2 i E. M. iu. Wi5.

jim.J>fat.Hitt.-v.fl. Vi.i.2a.; VLm.Iw.^1^.

2<) BRACHIOPODA.

Terebratula gisantea, var.. Buck, MSn. Soe. G4ol, Frau

p. 222. pi. 20. f. 3 (not Sekl.).
Terebratuk succiiiea. Desk, 1824, i. p. 390. pi. 65. f. 3 (jo
Terebratula grandis, Bronn, Index, p. 1237 (not Bliiiii.)-
Fottil. Eocene. France; England.

8. TbRBBRATULA MONTOLSARBN8I8.

SkeU oval, depressed and bi-sinuated in front, smooth :
moderately prominent, slightly recurved; fcnramen moden
cular ; deltidium triangular. Lon. 11-13, lat. 8-11, sh. i
lines.

Terebratula Montolearensis, Leymer. 1846, M6n, Soc
France, t. 1. p. 362. pi. 15. f. 13, 14.

Fossil. Eocene. France.

9. Terebratula iSauiLATBRALis.

Shell smooth, equilaterally triangular, rounded in froni
tral valve gibbous; beak large, curved, truncated by n
foramen ; margins even. Lon. 28, lat. 28 lines.

Terebratula sequilateralis, D'Arch, 1846, 3f(^. Soc, G^l.
2ndser. ii. p. 214. pl.9. f. 7.

Fossil. Eocene, France.

10. Terebratula trilobata.

" Shell oval, smooth, subantiquated, somewhat sinu
front; beak produced, recurved; foramen apical, n
Lon. , lat. 10, alt. lines.

Burtin, 1784, Oryct, Brux. pi. 8. f. L. N. P.
Terebratula trilobata, Galeotti, 1837, Mem, Geog. Braba\

p. 150. pi. 4. f. 16 (imperfect).
Terebratula laevis, Nyst, 1843, Belg, p. 334.

D'Orb, Prod, ii. p. 395.
Terebratula Kickxii (Galeotti), Bronn, Index, p. 1240.
Terebratula papiho, Konig, 1825, Icones Foss, Sectilei

(imperfect; no description).

Fossil. Eocene, Belgium.

11.? Terebratula Kickxii.

" Shell oval, attenuated ixi ftout, Inftated, smooth, om
with fine, regular, concentacici "Vove^ oi ^ks"w>Col\ ^ocAx^g
beak short, recurved, mt\i a N^n ^^^^^ v^vs^^otwsft
and lat. 4i lines.

r

laKicksii,(GoieDHi)AW,1843.Be/o.n.335.iil.2y,f.4i
jyOrb. Prod. n. p. ;^iJ5. ^

HJL Eocene. Eelgium.

^BRBBBATULA WtLM JNGT0NBN818.

Aeti Dblong, amooth ; mai^ins nearly even ; beak produced,

'Xy atraigbt, trunoated by a moderately large forunen ; delti-

ca rather long. Lon. 10, Ut. 7 lines.

Wiwtula Wilraingtonensis, G. Sow. 1845, Proc. Geol. Soe,

mS, p. 565.

■il. Eocene. N. CaroUua,

Tbkbbsatula cabnea. B.M.

Ikeli depressed, smooth, obtuaely five-sided, front edge short .

Ka equally convex, slightly flitttened along the middle, ofleit

L dull red colour ; margins even ; beak amall ; foramen

«. Lon. 14, lat. 14, alt. 8 lines.

kiratula camea, Soui. 1813, Min. Con. i. p. 47- pi. 15. f. S, ^

D'Orb. Ter. Crfl. iv. t. 513. f. 6-8 ; Prorf. ij. p. 258.

QuensMC, Umdb. p. 473. t. 38. f. 2.

Pusck. Polen. Pal. p. 18. t. 3. f. 127.

Alth. Geog. Lemberg {in Haidinger'i Abhandl. 18501, r
t. 13. f. 8.
ebratula lens, Nilsson, Petref. Suec. p. 35. pi. 4. f. 6.

Dalman, Vet. Acad. p. 14fi,
Ptrebratula elongnta. Soio. 1823, M. C. v. p. 49. t. 435. f. 1, jfc'
ritratuls ovata, Nilsson, Pelr. Suec. p. 33, t. 4. f. 3 (oof

' Dalman, Vet. Acad. p. 145.

Bmner, Kreid. a. 44.
rimtula minor, Nilssrm, Pelr. 1827, p. 34. t. 1. f. 4.

Ramer, Kreid. p. 44,
ebratula plebeia, Dalman, 1828, Vet. Acad. p. 145. t. 4. f, 4
«il. Upper Chalk. England; Belgium; France; Russia',

TeREBBATULA BIIOMBaiDAl.18.

Uttl rhomboidal, smooth, marked with a few concentric lines
!;gjiit tinuateil intront; ijorsai valve gibbose, depressed at thi
Mi central valve curved, flattened along the centre, vat,
faiy depressed in front ; beak abort, curved j foramen mode-
t, round; dcltidium distinct. Lon. 13, lat. 9i, alt. 7 lines.

rhomboidalis, Nilsson,\827, Pttr. Smc^.^XAXAiM
1828, Vet. Acad. p. 146. '

i8

tjncn uuuyuMSf biuuui>u, uu.cniiiv cuuiprcBBCu uiwam

mai^ins even; dorsal valve strongly curved, gibbo
} I umbo, depressed and flattened in front ; ventral ^

j I itraight; beak abort and tbick, not recurv^; fori

' il rate, round; deltidium solid, concave. Lon. 10,lat.8

[: ! Terebratula Becksii, Rcaner, 1840^ Nord. Kreid, p. 4

^^\ Bronn, Index, p. 1229.

|s*:| Fossil. Chalk (Planer). Abaus, Westpbalia.

'. \ 16. TSRBBRATULA SaUAMOSA.

* t ' Shell orbicular, or oval ; valves nearly equally con

^1 witb squamose lines of growth and fine ramating pui

ji.J margins even, or slightly bisinuated; beak short, reci

ji [ men round; deltidium solid. Long. 7^ lat. 6, idt. &

Terebratula squamosa, Mantell, 1822, Creol, Suss. p«
^ Davidson, Ann. Nat, Hist. 1847, p. 254. pi. 18.

jyOrft. Prorf. ii. p. 172.
I \. Bronn, Index, p. 1251.

y\ Terebratula Robertoni, Yiquesneli, Murchisoni et

jj.;| lyAroh. 1847, M6m. Gm. Soc. France, 11. pt. 2.

|;i Fossil. U. Greensand, Chalk-marl. England,

ft 17. Terebratula Fittoni.

r Shell small, oval, ventricose, smooth, biplicate in

^* \, mented with squamose lines of growth ; valves equf

: jiri beak recurved; foramen large, round. Lon. 5, la

Ntak et^illata, D'Arch. 1846, Bull. Soc. GM. Ft. 2nd »er.
p. 33fi J iWAn. Soc. Geol. France, 2ad ger. ii. p. 323. pi. 20.

>apubon, Mon. Cret. p. 46. pi. 5. f. 12.

ratula Uuewis, Munster, in Cambridge Miueum.
lylus unduUtus, GeiniU I (according to Koninci).
.. Jieii CAnit (Gau^O' Norfolk.
Tburh'a [(Jreensond). Toiiraaj, Belgium.

BBEBRATULA LONGIROSTRIS. B.M.

tU ovate-obloDg, smoath, vithlong, Etraight and thick beak;
len very large, round ; deltidium elongated, solid ; &ont
B slightly bisinuated. Lon. 28-39, lat. 14-22, alt, 11-18

lites longirostriB, Waht. 1821, N. Acta Upud. viii. p. 61 . t. 4.

5, 16.

mtula loo^roBtris, Nilsson, Petr. Saec. p. 33. pi. 4. f- 1.

Oalman, 1828, Vet Acad. p. 144.

yOrA. Prorf, ii. p. 258.

Doaemus nistica, Kimiff, 1825, Icovei Fos3. Seel. p. 4. f. J5.

. Chaik. Sweden.

til smooth, oblong, trausveraely dilated, controrted towards
ink, obtuse in front ; beak produced, straight, thick, trun-
b^ a large foramen ; deltidium large and solid. Ix>n. 24, I
9 hues. ■

iratula (tepressa, Val. in Lam. 1S19, Ah. aatu Vtrt. vi. 1
M9. ■

O'Orb. Prorf. ii.p. 172.

Davidaon. 1850, Ann. Nat. Hist. June, pi. 13. f. 15.
mtula loDgiroatris 7, Rtemer, 1839, Nordd. Ool. ii. p. 21. I
.8.f. 13. ■

Bnmn, Index Paieont. 1241.
Ramer, Kreid. p. 42.
irrtula Nerviensis, D'Archiac,\M7,MAa. Soc. GAi. fV.ii. J
313.pl. 17. f- 2-10.
mituui Viqoeineh, D'Jrcftioe, pi. 18.
nwula ovalii, Morrii, Jmtm. Geol. Soc. 1B46, p. 384. f. 1
it Lamk.).
I U. Green#and? {Toartia). Belgium.

iKBXBRATULA BIFLICATA. B.M.

fflfibloDg, amaDth, gtbbose ; mugias \nBV&u&.\%\ m
haaei, marked mth lines of growth nad. a\»cMi^'^

uk. IVBceny ; Uogland ;

22. TBDRBaATULA OBTVBA,

Shell otbI, imooth, rather depressed, binnuated in
of growth becoming strong tonurds the nuu^;
much dftttened, linuated only on the froat of adult
Tentral valve with a thick, recurved beak ; fi»ame
round; deltidium nearly concealed. Lou. 18,lat. 16,
Terebratula obtusa, Sok. 1B23 (andT. Inplicata. put

T. p. 63. t. 437. f. 2-4.
Terebratula curvirostrii, Nilum, 1827, Petrtf. Sum

f. 2.

23. Tbsbbratula Tornacenbis.

Sktli smooth, inf Bted, somenhat pentagonal, ron
sides, truncated in front; maivina stroocly binniut
beak produced, slightly curvea, rounded^ thick, tiu
large torameD; deltddium largeand solid. Lou. 17,1

Terebratula

I, jyArch. 1847, M^. Soe.

^^P BRACMIOPOOA, 25

iiitala RoigBvi, D'Arch. 1847, M^i. 8oc. G^. Fr. ii. p. J21.

18. t.4.

«Uuk Virleti, Id. (. 6.

Wtula revoluta. Id. i. 3.

teatuk Bubi>ectoralis, Id. f. !),

Kltula guagigDiEcnsis, Id. {. 10.

I. Qremsund {Tourliii). Belgium.

Tekebi

rij curved, laterally keeled ; foramen small. Loo. li, lat. 7,

ntula lentoidca, Leym. 1B42, Jlf^. GAil. v. p. 12. t. 15,
0.

tmw, BoAm. Krrirf. p. fi3. pi. 26. f. 13.

ntula ientiformia, Lei/m. Mim. G4ol. iv. p. 321.

i. Oretnsaad. Fmiice.

iU small, utbI, infinted, smooth, with three rounded plait*
nt ; beak large, recurved, truncated by & large round fon
deltidium short. Lou. 3^, lat. 3, alt. 2 lines.

VOrh.Prod.a.a. 172.

intula porvula, D'Arcli. id. pi. 19. f. 8.

L U. Greenland. Belgium.

'HBKBRATULA SBMIOLOBOSA. B.M.

ril nearly circular, gibbous, smooth ; ventral vatve deepest,

inifonnly gibbous i front margin undulated, with two risinga

ie dorsal valve ; beak thick, obtuse ; foramen moderate.

15, kt. 13, alt. II Unes.

ntula semiglobosa. Sow. 1813, Min. Con. i. p. 48. pi. 15,f. 9. ,

Dahnm, 1B28. Vet. Acad. p. 145.

VOrb. Ter. Crfl. iv. 514. f. 1-4.

RMff, Vertl.Bohm.ii. 61. pi. 26. f.6-fl.

hntiila lubrotundo. Sow. 1813 (part.), Mm. Con. pi. 15. f. I .

Beiuw, p.60. pi. 41.f. 2.

tmtula Bubundata, Sow. 1813, Min. Con. i. p. 47. pi. 16. f. 7-

B«M», p. 50. t. 41.f. 7.

toMula camca, Reuss, p. 50, f. 9-U (not Sow.].

k Ckaa. England; Belgium; rntuce.

Bronn, Index, p. 1238.
Pusch, Point Pal. t. 3. f. 16. p. 197.
Fouil. Chaii. Poland; Faroe.

29. Tkrebratula obesa.

Shell oblong, ventiicoie, imootli ; front marg^
and ihalloiT central depieuton and two angular '.
■ioni ; udei obscurely itjiated ; beak abort and li
truncated by a large round foramen ; deltidinm ca
abort and simple. Lon. 21, lat. 2, alt. li indi.
Terebratula obesa, Som. 1S25, Ma. Con. v. p. S4.

Brotra, lUust. Cone*, pi. 64. f, 28, 29.

lyOrb. Ter. Crtif. n. p. 101. pi. 513. f. l~i.

Davidson, Mon. Cret. p. 33. pi. 6. f. 13-16.
Foadl. U. Chalk, U. Greeattaid. England; Fru

30, Tb&ebratula sdlgifbra.

Shell oval, inflated, smooth, ornamented with
bricating lines of growth in regular series from tl
the margin ; valves nearly equally veDtricoae ; ma
elevated in front ; beak short, very thick, rounded
foramen large and round ; deltidinm concealed. L
alt. 16 lines.
Terebratula mldfera, Morrit Sf Dm. 1847, Aim. N

p. 254. pi. 18. f. 7-
D'Orb. Prod. ii.^. 172.

BBACHIOPODA. 27

Iratula albenais, Leym. 1841, M^. G^l. iv. 288,

1,29. t. 15. f. 2-^.

iratula bulla, J. Sow. 1850, Oizon.'s Geol. Sussex, p. 346.

tB7.f.ll.

ibntola lemiglobosa, var. y. Broun, ladfx, p. 1250.

iSnu*, Versl. Bohm. Kreid. p. 51. pi. 26. I. 5.

iL Louter C/mlk. Sussex ; Rouen.

Tbbebbatula Hablani. B.M. |

^ oval, elongated, thick, smootb, nith concentHc lines of I
Ith; dorsal valve moilcrately convex, raised aod Bat in the
^ depressed at the sides ; margins even, slightly elevated ii
R Tentral valte deep; beak thick, rvcurved, slightly keeled
H aides i foramen very lai^e ; deltidiiun nearly concealed.
rSd, lat. 16, alt. 16 lines. (Lon. 36 lines, Morton.)
Ibntala Harlani, Morton, 1B39, Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. p. 73- 1
!. 3. f. 1 ; 1834, Syn. Cret. p. 70. pi. 3. t. 1. '

ibratnla CamUla, Morton, Syn. Cret pi. 9. f. 8, 9.
bntula perovalis 7, Morton, 1829, Journ. Philad. p. 77. pi. 3. I
7, 8 (not So>i!.). ■

pL Chalk, titv Jersey, U.S.

9.R.BRATULA PKA0.LI8.

1(U elongated, oval, thin, fragile, smooth, strongly bipUcsted
toot i dorsal valve with two longitudinal ridges almost its
|b length ; ventral valve with a prominent central ridge, and
Mponding lateral depreasions, Lon. 21, lat. 12 lines.
dmtnla fragilis, Morton, 1829, Jbum. Acad. Philad. p. 75. I
L 3. f. 3, 4 ; 1834, Syn. Cret. p. 70. pi. 3. f. 2 (not Sckl.). d
llvBtula sub&agilia. D'Orb. 1850, Prod. ii. p. 258. I

a. Chalk. New Jersey, U.S. I

T Tkkbbbatdla Toucasiana. I

fhell like T. semiglaboaa, but always more depressed, most 1
niinent at the front margin. I

ebratula Toucasiana, D'Orb. 1850, Prod. ii. p. 258. ■

pi. Chalk. France. ■

TTbbbdratvla Vbndocinbnsis. fl

\heH nnall, globular, round, smooth ; front margins ainiuted;^
m1 valve scarcely coutex. J

ebnttula Veodocinensis, D'Orb. 1850, Prod. "u. 'j.^sa. I

BHACHIOPODA.

36. Tbrebratvla
Shell ovate, much elongstetl, gibbose ; front bMiI;

with a depression in its middle; beak promineat, luge

BiQOOth. Lon. 14, kt. 7 lines. (l«n. 18, lat 12, d

Morris.)

Terebrntula pnelonga, J. Sok. 1836, Geol. Trau. iv.

pi. 14.f. 14.
Fossil. Neocomian. England ; France ; Genoany ; Si

37. Terkbratula acuta.

Skell oblong, elongated, somewhat penttigoual, ihs
cate, depreeeed at the aides, smooth ; margins evea, s
sinuated in &ont ; beslc prominent, scarcely curved
rather lai^i deltidium elongated. Lon. 14, IM. It,!
Terebratula biplicata- acuta, Bueh, 1843, Mim. Soc. G

p. 220.
Terebratuk prrelonga, D'Orb. Ter. Crit. iv, p. 74. t. i
Terebratula acuta, Q«iens(. 1851, Handh. p. 473. t. 3i
Fossil. Neocomian. France; Switzerland.

38. Terebratula Sella.

SheU aubquadrangular, smooth; front considerabl
narrow, sharply bisiauated; udei depressed; beak :
curved; foramen moderate, round; deltiditun nUiier ^
Lon. 16, lat. 13, alt. 7 lines.
Terebratula Sella, Sow. M. C. 1823, t. p. fi3. t. 437.

VOrb. Ter. Crit. iv. t. 510. f. 6-12.

Rttrner, Kreid. 1843, p. 43. t. 7- f- 17-
Terebratula Rameri, D'Archiac, M^. Giol. Soc. Fi
Terebratula undulata, Pusch, Polens Pal. p. 20. t. 4.

Kner, Kreid. Lemberg {in Haid. Abkan^. 1850)
Fossil. Neocomian, Gavlt, U. Greenaaad. England;

39. Tbbbbratula Moutoniana.

Shell ovate, depressed, smooth, finely striated com
dorsal valve rather flat, slightly raised in the centn
ventral valve convex; beat recurved; foramen ral
deltidium partly concealed. Lon, 20, liit. 13, alt. 8 U
Terebratula Moutoniana, D' Orb. Ter. Cr&. iv. p. 89. t. .

Prod. 2. p. 108.
Terebratultti ^ mo^b^k, RiEmer, 1839 (not Sow.), Ooi

ffr«d.p. 42.
Fooil. Neocomion. fiKOR*-, Genosm^.

BRACaiOPODA.

QhniKBRATtiLA Cabtkkoniana.

AeJJ roundly angulated, ventrieoge, smooth ; margins bisinu- '

L.; beak contracted, alightly curved; furamen small, round; I

Kdium inconspicuous; dorsal valve with two small, elevated \

Mia front. Loii. 13, lat. 12, alt. II lines.

Bbmtula Carteroniana, lyOrb. Ter. Cr^i.iv.p.80.t.507.f.l-5j

■fOd. 2. p. 85.

1^. Neoeomian. France.

'{Tbbesratula ARABILI)

Qell luborbicular, depressed, concentrically plougbed with I

pCCnlB regulitr sballow fiuroivs ; front margins obscurely bi- I

jbted; beak recurved, truncated by a large foramen. Lon. 16,

fU, tit. 7 lines.

■fantuls arabilis, Forbes, 1S46, Trans. Geol. Soc. vii. pt. 3. 1

Il38.pl. 18. f. 12. ■

LiyOrb. Prorf. ii. p. 258
a. Chalk. S. India.
Terbbratula Inca. B.1(.3

lit orbicular, depressed, smooth ; lines of growth very ob-
Kcept neai tne margin i valves nearly equally convex,
bismuated in front ; beak short, recurved, obscurely
at the Bides; foramen large and circular ; deltidium wide ,
short. Lon. 21, lat. 20i, alt. 12 lines.
N^ratuhL Inca, Forbes, 1846, in Darwin's Gfol. S. Amer. p. 269.J
bl. 5. f. 19, 20. ■

Mil. Cretaceous limestone. Iquique, Peru.

Tbrbbkatula longa. B.ltM

Shell elongated, elliptical, smooth ; margins even, alight^J
i^Med in front; dorsal valve depressed, pointed at the umbo,9
jl^^ tmncHted in front ; ventral valve convex ; beak pfoduced,'T
Wed, keeled ; foramen rather lai^ ; deltidium distinct,
h. 16, lat. 9, alt. 7 hnea.

Kbratuln longa, Ziettn, 1830, Petr. p. 52. pi. 39. f. 7.
" D-Orft. ProJ. i. p, 344.
lebratula hipUcato, Bronn,
Oiebratuln Ugenalis, Braun (not S
■•nl. Coral Rag. Wurtembergj Bavaria; Switzerland.

k TeBBBBATULA INSIGNIS. i

Boval, smoDtb; front margin augaWVj tmsbA.-, ^ww^
^ Sattened from the umfio to ta^i)t " ' ' — ^*'

80 BRACHIOPODA.

produced, reeuired; foramen l>igc; deltidhim Attinet, in a

G'ece ; loop nmple, short. Lon. 20, lat. 15, ak. 11 lines, ijk
n. 3, lat. 2. unc.)

Terebratula intigniB (Schiibler), Zieten,lS30, Vent,Wwrt,^l
pl.40. f. 1.

irOrb. Prod. i. p. 376.

Quetutedt, Floz. Wurt p. 484.

Davidgon, Mon. Ool. p. 47. pL 13. f. 1.

Q^engt. Handb. p. 472. t. 38. f. 1.
Terebratula perovalis, Buck, Mhn, Soc. G4oL FVanee,

Pusch, Polens Pal p. 22. t. 4. f. 5, 7, 8 fnot Sow,).
Terebratula biplicata, Bronn, Index, ii. p. 1239 (not Sow.).

Fossil. Coralline Oolite, Oxford Clay. England; France ;G
many.

45. Terebratula bisuffarcinata. B

Shell oval, smooth ; margins bisinuated in front; dorsal n
convex, depressed at the sides ; beak thick, rounded and recnn
Lon. 22, lat. 16, alt. 12 lines.

Terebratulites bisuffarcinatus, Schl. 1820, Petr. no. 50. p. %

Enc. M^th.t. 239. {. 3.
Terebratula bisuffarcinata, ZietenyVerst.JVurt.j3. 53. pi. 40. £
Terebratulites bicanaliculatus, Schl. 1813, Imn. Tasch.^^

(name only) ; 1820, Petref. p. 278. no. 49 ?
Terebratula bicanaliculata, Zieten, p. 54. pi. 40. f. 5 ?

D*Orb. Prod. i. p. 344 (excl. synonyms).
Terebratula ovalis, Val. 1819, in Lam. Hist. An. sans VertA
Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pi. 13. f. 16.

Fossil. White Jura (Coral Rag). Germany; France ;It«
India?

46. ? Terebratula Repeliniana.

Shell oblong ; beak of the larger valve much produced.
Terebratula Repeliniana, lyOrb. 1850, Prod. ii. p. 25.
Fossil. Coral Rag. France.

47. ? Terebratula subsella. I

Shell Uke T. perovalis, but broader, and more deeply plai^

Terebratula subsella, Leymerie, 1846, Stat, de I'Aube, pi. 10.
Fossil. Kim. Clay and Coral Ray. France.

48. ?TEREBRATl3l.A^<i\3^%T^ia.

Skell like T. subsella, \>\A yiSxV ^^ \«s^jbi ^q^SSw^ ^^stn^^
6vnt, forming a aingVe, promoieTxt., o>Qltv>afc «s^<^.

RRACHIOPODAk 31

>ratula eqnestris, D'Orb, 1850, Prod, ii. p. 24.
1. Coral Rag. France.

Terbbratula Baugieri.

^hell small, the size of a pea, oval, very globular, obtuse and
ied in front, larger valve with two projections, not forming

bratula Baugieri, D^Orb, 1850, Prod. i. p. 377.
1. Oxford Clay. France.

• Tbrebratula Garantiana.

Like T. bipticata, but with the two plaits close together ; it
lo broader, and wants the radiating strise."

bratula Garantiana, D'Orb. Prod. i. 1850, p. 287.
il. Inferior Oolite. France.

■Terbbratula Deschampsii.

Shell like T. biplicata, but with the middle plait so deep as
rm a notch (sillon) in the front of the larger valve."

bratula Deschampsii, lyOrb. Prod. 1850, p. 287-
il. Inferior Oolite. France.

• Terbbratula Erina.

Like T. biplicata, but shorter, more ventricose, the anterior
narrower."

bratula Erina, ITOrb. 1847, Prod. i. p. 240.
Q. Idas. Normandy.

• Terbbratula Macbana.

tell small, globular, round, furnished with a deep sinus in
imall valve to receive the projection of the other.

l)ratula Maceana, ITOrb. 1847, Prod. i. p. 221.
il. Lias. France.

? Terbbratula orbiculata.

^11 orbicular, smooth ; dorsal valve rather flat ; ventral valve
'ex ; beak short, thick ; foramen large and round ; deltidium
>le, distinct. Lon. 12, lat. 12, alt. 6 lines.

bratula orbiculata, Rosmer, 1836, Nordd. Ool. p. 52. t. 2. f. 6.
y. Coral Rag. Saxony.

Terebmtula perovalia, Raraer, Nordd. Oot.t.2^
Foasil. inferior Oolite. Germany ; France.

5fi. Tbrbsratula II

Shell oval, smooth ; front with a central audi
gtinct depreiuilons ; beak short, rounded, recorvedi
large; deltidium nearly conc^ed ; loop simple, I
lat. 18, alt. 13 Une«. ^

Terebiatota intermedia, Sok. 1312, J

f.8. ,

Danidion, Mon. Ool. p. 52.pl. 11. f. 1-5. '

Qumsfedt, 1851, Handb. p. 472. t. 37. p. Sj

and Ma«tel[).

Terebratula biplieata, Pvsch, Polen» Pal. p. 21, '

Foaail. Combrash. England; France. |

57. TeBEBRATVLA HAXtLLATA.

Shell Bubquadrangular, amooth; Tahre« ftni
front; (lorsal valve broad and abort, moderately a
central and two httcral depreMions, inerearanguE
beak produced, recurved, with obtuse latOKl ■
large, oliliquei deltidiuiu obtuMlj^UMPg^fj^

BBACHIOPODA. ' 33

Tbrbbratula QI.OSATA. B.M.

hell oval, ventricoae, smooth ; front viith a, centisl nnd two
nl depressions ; beak rounded, recurved ; foramen moderate,
id; deltidium concealed, small ; loop aimple, short. Lod. 13

11, alt. 10 linea.

Longer and leas globular. Cottcanolde HilU.
dwtula globttta. Saw. 1826, Mirt. Cna. p. 51. pi. 436. f, I.

Damdson, Mon. Ool. p, 64. pi. 13. {. 2-7.
tbratula Klemii, MoTris,Desh., D'Orb., Bronn {not Lamarck}, 1
ebratuls biplicata, Pnsch, Palms Pal. p. 21. t. 4. f. 3?.
«iL Inferior Oolile. S. of England i France.
Tbrbbratula PjiiLtipsii. B.M, ]

hell oblong, elongated, tapering towards the beak, smooth;.^
t strongly biplicate; beak produced; foramen moderate^,!
id; deltidium large and distinct, Lon. 28, lat. 20, alt. l&fl
I, ■

ibrUula Pbillipaii, Mom's, 1847, ilnn. iVat. Hul. p. 252. pL 1 1
9.

D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 28?.

Damdsoa, Mon. Ool. p. 53. pi. 11. f. 6-8.
lU. JnferioT Oolite. England; France.
Tergbratvla pehovalis. B.H. ]

iell oval, elongated, smooth ; front margin with a central and 1
lateral depressions, or with a oearlj' straight central elevatitd J
Uigular lateral depresaiuns ; beak large, roimded, with indi- J
t lateral ridges ; lorameti large, entire ; deltidium geaerally j
e*led; loop simple, short. Lon. 33, lat. 28, alt. 23 linel J
ifcapecii

bratula perovalis,SDiH. 1835, Min. Con. v. p. 51. t. 436. f. 2, 3..J
Such, M^. Soc. G^ol. France, iii. p. 221. pi. £*
JJavidton, Mon. Ool. p. 51. pi. 10. f. 1-6.

Que«st. Handb. p. 471- 1. 37. f. 49-61.
'IjratiilB ovoidea (of CoUcctora).
faratula Kleinii, ValfnciennMf, 1819.
il. Inferior Oolite. England ; France.
XaRKai
teil oval.
>tb, or with only fine lines of growtli ; margins £isinuated h

^It oval, depressed, vtitb two bUint projecting angles
' " '■ ' wth;

Terebnitula omHlogastcr {Hfhl.), Zieten, 1830, j

{deformed r.iJ'Ori.)- 1

Terebratula jierovalia, Brmn, Index, p. 1243. I

FosbU. Inferior Oolite. Germany. j

63. TEftSaBATULA SIUFLBX. *

Shell roundish, nnootb ; mai^ws even ; doi^
a little concave in front ; larger valve ventHcoH
recurved ( foramcD large and round ; deltidiuml
Lon. 2^ kt. 2^ alt. l^ int'hes. I

Terebratula triangularis maxima, Llheyd, 1699J

t. 25. f. 8/0.
Terebratula simplex, Bachnan. Geol. Chelt. pl^
Davidson, Mm. Oot. p. 48. pi. 8. f. 1, 3. )
Terebratula lata, lyOrb. (not Soto.).
Fosail. Inferior Oolite. England.

64. Tbrbbratula. ovdides.
Shell oval, smooth, ventricoae ; marina even |

shgbtly keeled ; foramen large and round ; di
double. Lc m. S, lu. 1^8, alt. \^ iadtM., _, ^

^^^ BRACtllOPODA.

3i front maipn a little raised. Loa. 18, lat, 11, alt. I

>rHlula BuckmBDii, Dav. Mon. Ool. i. p. 44. pi. 7-t- l^i 1^^
1. Iifferior Oolite. ChEltenham.

^■RBBBATULA PUNCTATA. B.M. <

eU oval, depresieii, smooth ; small valve rather flat ; front I
la tt little raiaed; heak small, slightly recurved, with ev
ridges; fiirsmen moderate ; deltidium double; loop si
, nearly half as long as the dorsoi valve. Lon. 16, lat. 1% I

liiatula punctata. Sow. 1812. Min. Con. i. p. 46. t. 15. f. 4. J
lUorria, Catal. 136. '

Davidson, Man. Ool. p. 45. pi. 6. f. 1-6.
1. lAaa. England.

Tbsbbhatula subpunctata. B.M.

ell smooth, oval, ventiieose ; margin slightly raised in front ;
rounded, recurved, with lateral ridges aoon becoming indi-
: ; foramen rather large ; deltidium eoueealed ; loop a little J
than one-third the length of the shell. Lon. 28, lat. 20, f

(-10.

TBBBBBATtTLA INDBNTATA. B.M.

eR elliptiea], smooth ; front margin sometimes notehed when I
I valves nearly equally couvex; beak recurved, lateral ridgea I
lost: foramen entire; loop simple, short. Lon. 14, lat. 10, J
lines (largest specimen).

nstula indeatata, Sew. 1825, Min. Con. v. p. 65. t. 44
Baeidtm, Mon. Ool. p. 46. pi. 5. f. 25, 26.
mtuls iligoDB, D'Orb. Prod. p. 315 (jrart.), not Sow.
natula punctata, var. {Waterhovse, in Brit. Mvs.).
1. Liai, England.

i'KRBBRATUI.A EuOBNII.

til oval, obtuse in front, tapering to the beak ; smootb, with 1
Ire rsdiating hues at the sides ; dorsal valiE ventricoitei. J
dally new the umbo ; ventral valve curved, flattened ai
wed in the middle ; beak long and pointed ; foramen a:
I deltidinm elongated, double, l^u. \&, \i.v\\, ^.%

36 BRACHIOFODA.

Terebntuk Eugenii (Bitch), Dmndson, 1849« Bufl. Soe. 6
▼ii. p. 74. pi. I. f. 16-20.

FoMil. Lias, Normandy.

70. Terebratula marsupialis.

Shell oblong, smooth, with obscure lines of ffrowili
¥idTe convex, depressed at the sides ; ventral viuve dn
beak small, recurved, keeled ; foramen minute. Lou. 1
alt. 6 lines.

Terebratulites marsupialis, SM. 1820, Petr. p. 282?, E%

t. 240. f.3?,
Terebratula marsupialis, Zieten, 1830, Wurt, p. 53. pi. I

lyOrb. Prod.1. p. 221.
Terebratula lagenalis, Bronn, Index, p. 1241 (not ScU.)

Fossil. Lioi. France; Wurtemberg.
Coral Rag'i. Bavaria.

71. Terebratula bullata.

Shell oblong, inflated, smooth ; margins obscurely bi
in front; valves nearly equally gibbose; beak much
closely recurved, keeled ; foramen small ; deltidium co:
loop short, simple. Lon. 15, lat. 12, alt. 12 lines.

Terebratula bullata. Sow, 1825, Min, Con, v. p. 49. t. 4.

Lam, ed, Desh, vii. p. 362.

Buch, M6n, Soc, Geol. Fr, iii. p. 195. pi. 18. f. 8.

Zieten, Verst. Wurt, t, 40. f. 6.

Deslong, 1837, Soc. Lin. Normandie.

Morris, Cat. p. 132.

Bronn, Index, p. 1231 (excl. syn.).
Terebratula sphseroidaUs, var., Davidson, Mon. Ool, p. 5l
f. 10, 14-19.

Fossil. Inferior Oolite. S. of England ; Germany ; Fr.

72. ? Terebratula Galliennei.

Like T. bullata, but more oval ; beak less curved ; lar
advanced at two distant points, without much projecting

Terebratula Galliennei, D'Orh. 1850, Prod. i. p. 377-
Fossil. Oaford Clay. France.

73. Terebratula sph^roidalis.

SheU subcircular, ventricose, smooth ; margins even

voung shell, usuaiWy ctexwA'BXe^ m c^ft. ^'^^^^osskx^^ <5»^

ironti borders obtuse, ox i^a\XftIve^%\«»^s.\waA^\^^sQ^^

r

a HphsToidalis, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. v. p. 49. t. 436.

ng. 18^7. Soc. Lin. Normajid.

\s,Cat.p. 136.

i, Prod, i, p. 237.

Mob. OoL p. 56. pi. II. f. 9, U, 12, 13.

"trior Oo()(e. Ennkad ; France ; Genosmy.

bicukr, smooth tvhea young ; mBrgins more or leu
len adult; plicatinns rouodea, numerous, often buV
leak Bhurt, recurved, nearly coucealiuf; the deltidium ;
rge and round ; loop simple, short. Lon. 2U, lat, 18,

B.M.

angated, oral, tmooth when young ; margins more or
1 when adult ; plaits short, simple, rounded ; umbo of
e gibboac ; lai^r valve with a short, scarrely recurved
nmen round; deltidium small; loop short, simple.
at, 22, alt. 17 lines.

plicata, BMCjbnaH, 1S45, Geol. Ckell. pi. 7- 1. 6.
(bob. Mob. Ool. p. 60. pi. 12. f. 1-5 (not Lam.).
a subplicatella, D'Orb. 1849, Prod. i. p. 28?.
^frioT Oolite. England; France.

nd the border; beak latenilly compressed, thick, curv^,
by a rather large forameu. Lou. 8, lat. 6, alt. 41 hues.
I BuborbicuLuis, Mmsl. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 56. pi. 6.

i. Prod. i. p. 204.
^ semiplicata, Klipslati, 1844, Beitr. p.214. pi. 16. f. 3.
ellal semiplicslB, D'Orb. Prod. \. if. 203.
Tyrol.

Terabratula flabeUum, Defr. 1S28, Diet. Se. Nat. liii.

Morrit 4" Doe. Amt. Nat. Hist. 184?, p. 256. pi.

lyOrb. Prod. i. p. 316.

Dot. M<m. Ool. p. 62. pi. 12. f. 19-21.
Terebratula palmetta, Destongchamps, 18d7> Soc.
ttuaidie.

Bromt, Index, p. 1244.
Terebratula septemcostatA, JWunster, MS.
FoBiil. Bath Oolite (Bra4ford Clay). England; Fn

3?

78. Tbbebbatula Morbama.

Shell trigonally o?ate, depressed, smooth ; mBrp
sinuated ; beak prominent, laterally keeled ; foramen
round ; dcltidium amall, triau^lar ; dorsal v&tre wt
central elevated fold and two obacure lateral ridges,
lat. 11, alt. 7 lines.
Terebratula Moreana, lyOrb. Ter. Orfl.iv. p. 79. t. 6W

Prod. ii. p. 58.
FohbU. Neocomiaa. Franee.

79. Tbrbbbatula Bentlbyi.

Siell somewhat pentagonal, smooth ; donal "valve
truncated or indented in front, with a central and
elevations ; ventral valve deep, with beak promineni
and keeled ; foramen moderate ; deltidium donbli

inded; foramen mode-

■atula gubcBnalis, MUnsler, in Cambridge Museum.
. Oxford Clai). Bavaria.

BBBBHATULA COARCTA.TA. B.M,

U aomewliat penta^nal, omameDted iiith radiating spinu-
ris, decuasated by Dumerous linea of growth ; dorsal valve
i, witb an angular median ridge and more or lent distinct
furrows ; front straight or indented ; ventral valve deep,
V prominent beak ; foramen moderate, round ; deltidiam
t; loop short, simple. Lon. \2, lat. 11, alt. 8 lines.
■■tula coarctat*. Par*. 1811, Org. Rem. iii. pi. 16. f. 6.
trto. 1923, Mia. Can. iv. p. 7. t. 312. f. 1-*.
^roun. Index, ii. p. 1232.
(•Orft. Pro*/, i. p. 316.
lOBirfsoB, Mon. Ool. p. 69. pi. 12. f. 12-15.
luentt. Handb. p. 4fiS. t. 3?. f. 21.
Muk reticulata. SmilA, 1816, Ori^.Fasj. p. 83. pl.30.f. 10.
trw. 1823, Min. Con. t. 312. f. 6-6 [et decuseata). '

ie»long. Soc. L. Norm,
iueatt. Handh. p. 464. t. 37. f. 20.
ratula decuaiata, Val. in Lam. 1319, An. sims Vert. ^
51 ; Enc. Mm. t. 245. f. 4.
foe. Ann. Nal. Hist. June 1850, pi. 14. f. 51.
rstola reticularis, Schlolk. Pttref. i. p. 269.
Iko*. Mim. Soc. G^l. France, p. 185. pi. 17. f. 7.
. Batk Oolite [Bradford Clay). England ; Fmnce.

TbRBBRATULA RlCHARDIANA.

e T. reticulata, but much narrower, more elongated, and i

strongly reticulated.

CBtuk Richardiana, D'Orb. 1860, Prod. i. p. 377-

. Oxford Clay. France-

aBBBRATUI.A MORIBREI.

dl pentagonal, deeply indented in front ; valves ornamented
Njncentric, imbricated ridges, both deeply Airrowed in the
t i beak rather short, recurved, laterally keeled ; foramen
rate, roimd ; deltidium distinct. Lon. 'J, lat. 8, alt. G lines.
ntnla Morierei {Deslongchamjis, MS.), Davidion, April 1
'2, Ann. Nal. Hist. pi. 14. f. 3. "

i J|flrwr Oolite. Normandy.

1

40 brachiopoda.

84. Tkbkbratula antiplbcta.

SkeU oborate, Tentricose, smooth ; maigin staong^? on
in front ; donal valve convex, with two fnmt andtwo laftoi
preuiona ; ventral valve with three despreamoia in front;
not prominent ; foramen minute ; deltidium doable, trian
Lon. 8, lat. 7> alt. 5 lines.

Terebratula antiplecta. Buck, 1834, Udter Ter, 80. t 2. i
Jf^. Soc. G6ol, Fr. 1838-^39, 1. 1 11. p. 187, pL 17. f. 8.
BroRfi, Index, p. 1229.
QiiCMt. 1851, Handb. p. 465.

Fossil. Jura {Alpenkalk'i). Near Salzburg, Tyrol.

85. Terebratula inyersa.

Shell pentagonal, deeply folded, smooth; margins st
3-plaited ; dorsied valve flat near the umbo, with two deep a
furrows in front ; ventral valve with a central and two
depressions ; beak small. Lon. & lat. 6, alt. 3i lines.

Terebratula inversa, Quenstedt, 1851, Handb, p. 465. t. 37
Fossil. Trias (Alpenkalk). Hallstadt.

86. Terebratula reflexa.

Shell smsll, subpentagonal, tumid, smooth ; dorsal valvi
depressed in front, with a small longitudinal ridge in the n
ventral valve with two longitudinal rounded ridges divide
small central furrow, sides depressed ; beak small, curved ;
ture minute ; area very wide. Lon. 4, lat. 4, alt. 2i lines

Terebratula reflexa, Koninck, 1844, Descr, p. 298. pi. 20.
D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 151.

Fossil. Carb, Belgium.

87 ? Terebratula nucleata.

Shell subcircular, smooth, with a deep, rounded sinus
centre of the dorsal valve in front ; ventral valve with i
dorsal ridge ; beak very prominent, inflated, recurved ; f
moderate ; deltidium concealed ; loop very small. Lon. ^
alt. 6 Unes.

Terebratula nucleata, Schlotheim, 1820, Petr. p. 281.

Buck, Mha. Soc. Giol. Fr. iii. pi. 20. f. 10.

Zieten, 1830, Petref. p. 53. pi. 39. f. 10.

Quenst. Handb. p. 469. t. 37. f. 40-45.
Fossil. Coral Rag. Getmscn^ *, Ftanee.

TBREBRATULA. TRIaUBTHA.

kell triBDgulsr, Bmouth, depreaseil, truncated

41 '

B.M.
front, the
lea prodnccil and rounded ; aides nearly straight ; beak obtuse,
irved, keeled; forsanen woderate, round; deltidium nearly
sealed. Loo. 17. lat. in front IS lines,
ebratula pileua, [Bruff.) E. M.t. 241. f. 1. o, 4, e.

Bronn, Index, p. 1245.
ebntulatriquetra, Parjti««on, 1811, Org. iUm. iii. pi. 16, f. 8.

irOrb. PTod. i. p. 344.

JDac. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pi. 13. f. 21.
ebratula triangulus, Vol. ISIS, in Lam. An. s. Vert. no. 21.
ebratula mutica, Calulh,mM, Geogn. Zool. Kidi. i. 2. !. i.
nil. Ktlloviay Rockl. France (Gigondas).

TiRBBRATULA DIPHYA. B.H.

UeI2 Binooth, trianeular, depreiud, ^bbcne at the mai^i;
■n young two-lobed, tfae lobes coalescing in the adult, leaving
Hindiih opening (about 3 lines in diameter] through the cen-
of both valvea; from this opening u sharp furroivpasees to the
a margin of each valve ; margins even ; sides slightly hol-
ed ; frvnt indented in the middle ; angles rounded ; beak
nded and recurved; foramen moderate, round; loop 1. Lon.
kt. 20, alt. 9 lines.

Cibik diphva, F. Colonna, 1606, Ecphrai. Slirp. 3fi. 49.
dtratula diphya. Buck, Ueber Terebraleln, p.
(iS». Soc. GM. Prance, m. p. 196. pi. 18. f. 9

Putch, Polaut Pal. 15. t. 3. f. 13.

Dm. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1S50, pi. 13. f. i

fiuenst. Handh. p. 470. t. 37. f. 4f>.
btatula deltoidea, Valenciennes, 1819, in Lot
Smg. Enc. M&k. 1797, t. ii. pi. 240. f. 4.
brAtula triquetra, Parldnson (pan.), Org. Rem. ii
4,8.

tarUula antinomia, Catullo, 1827, Cat. Zool. '.
fviffn. Zool. t, 2. f. 3,
bratuta Duvallii, Newman, 1844, Zoologist, p. 679 (Ekutm)^
»pe diphya (,Link),King, 1840, Permian Fossils, pp. 81, 144.1
ii. Keliaway Rack"!. France.

C*EREBRATULA DlPHYO'lDBB,

t^U smooth, depressed, expanded, triangular, perforated ii
iniddle; valves uuequal, the rentra) must couvex; beak ^
Kb with two ilorsal ridges ; foramen mudetole, xaw'ui. Visa* I
H*. 25, lit. U tinea.

I

ribs> occaxianalljr a small fifth hb in the me^al fiii:
funuBhed with a prominent cardinal process having
on each side; ventral valve with two distinct or b
central and two lateral riba ; beak small, laterally

curved, tnmcated by a minute apical foramen ;
triangular, bounded by prominent beak-ri '
gaha, sunk. Lon. 5, lat. 5, alt. 'Ai lines.
Teiebratula qi

pi. 6. f. 9, 1

Terebratula quadricostata, Broun, 1841, Id. pL 9. f.
Terebratula eontraplects, Broun, 1841, Id. pi. 9. f. S
Rhynchonella quaoriplecta et coatraplecta, jyOrb.

f.p.203(em«eo».).
Spingera quadricostata, D'Orb. Id. p. 204.
Fossil. Trias. St. Cassian, Tyrol.

92. TkRKBRATULA? TMCOSTA.TA.

Shell suborbicular, depressed, trilobed, smooth ;
with a prominent middle lobe bounded by shallow fi
tral valve with a deep central and obscure lateral fi
unall, acute ; foramen minute. Lon. 3, lat. 3, alt.
Toebratula tricostata, Munst. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. £7.
Terebratula triplecta, Klipslem, MS.

43

labipBitita,«iiniFf. l&ll,£«i(r. iv. p. 60. pi. 6. £ 11.
Is subbipartitft, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. W4.
la WBterliousii, Klipslein, MS. (uot Dav.).
■ifl*. T>rol.

SRATULA 7 Bronnii. B.M.

isll, broadly ovate, tumid, depressed Ht tbe sides.emooth,
ttd mesial fold, and three obscure lateral folds on each
gins undulated ; beak ]>romineDt, rounded, recnrred,
BtioDB of an internal median septum. Lon. 4i, lat. 4,

k Bronnii, Klipst. 1845. Seitr. p. 215. pi. 15. f. 13.
la Cassiana, ITOTb. Prod. i. p. 204.
ias. TjTol.

BRATltLA 1 WlHMANNI. B.M.

iborbicnlar, depressed, smooth ; front margins slightly
bckic inconspicuous, tnmcated by a small foramen.
t. fi, alt. 2i Unes.

la Wismanni, MUnst. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 64. pi. 6. f. 18.
■J. Prorf. i. p. 204.

laBnchii, Klipst. 1844, B«fr. p. 218. pL 15. f. 2.
la sahnaria, D'Orb. 1849, Prod, l p. 204.
ritu. TjTol.

iBRATULA? SUBCt;RVATA. B.M.

uborbicnlar, trilobed, smooth ; dorsal valve with a pio-
lesial ridge and depressed tides ; ventral valve with a
lal furrow, much depressed in front ; beak small, pro-
runcated by a small foramen. Lon. and tat. 3), idt. 2

la subcurvata, MUnsl. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 63. pi. 6. f. 17-

rb. Prod. i. p. 204.

la Buchii, var., Klipslein.

fiat. Tyrol.

IBRATiri^ ? MUNSTEBII. B.M.

eal, depressed, smooth, with numerous lines of growth
nai^^ ; dorsal valve slightly trilobed, prominent in tbe
^prcsseit Ht the sides ; bea^ thick, rounded, recurred,
ty a rather large foramen. I^in. 10, lat. 9 liaei.
ila Miinsterii, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 204,
]m nijgaru. Miaul. Batr. iv. ^ ^\- V^ ^- ^-"^ '^J''^

1

44

Teiebratulitei complsnatus, Sekl. 1816, Dmktch.

p. 27- t. 7. f. 12-14 ? (not Brocchi).
PosmI. Trias. Tyrol.

98. Tbbebhat«i.a T «aUALiB.

Shell orbicular, smooth ; valves e[]uaUy and regolvlj
margina even i beak thick, prominent, rouniled, recurrci
men moderate, round. Lon. 7, lat. 6^, alt. 4 Imei.

rebralula a^qunhs, Kli
D'Orb. Prod. i. p. i
Fossil. Trios. Tj-rol.

99. Tbrbbratvla 7 ui
Shell suborbicukr, depressed, truncated in front, nidt

the hinge-line, smooth, with obscure lines of growtli n
margin ; doraal vatve convex near the umbo, depresied
aidei ; rnat^n* even -, beak small, prominent, truniMtcd b}
foramen ; imlicatiouH of a long mtemal septum in the
valre. Lon. 4, lat. 4J, alt. 2i linea.
TerebratulB hc-misphicroidica, Klipst. 1844, Beilr. p. 22

f. iO.
Fouil. IWiu. Tjnl

100. TiREBBATULA ? HaBTINCSIA.

Shell small, oblong, ventricose, smooth; front miif
■l^htlf elevated ; beak amall, prominent, recurved, t
tnmeated by a minute foramen. Lon. 4, bt. 3, alt. 21
T«rebratula HaatingsiE, Klipat. MS.
Fowa. Triat. St. Cassian.

101. Tkrbbbatvla ?

Terehratula pentagonalia, Klipstein, 1R44, Bettr. p. 22<

f. 12, enlarged (not Phil.=T. caput-seTpaitis '.).
Terehratula subpentagonalis, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 204.
Terebratula Hastingsifc, Klipsl. MS. ?
Posail. Triat. Tyrol.

102. Terbbratula blokqata.
JfcH oblong, depreaaei, mnoofti, lA^iei tssoSmSA-
^Orted in front ; dowal -^niie ftatteaei \(n>^to^io»aL-^

BBACHIOPOnA.

the sides ; ventral valve witli a shallow loDgituilinal
beak prominent, slightly curved ; foramen moilentte, eom-
ilete, round; loop short and simple. Lon. 13, lat. 9, alt. 61inea.
reKbratulitea elongatua, Schl. 1 SI G, DeakschrifleTi Akad. MH

p. 27. pi. 7. 1 7-!>.
nentoatnla elongata, Kiag, Permian Foss. p. 147- pi. 6. f.

GeiuiU, Zeck. p. 4. pi. 4. f. 27-36.

Fern. Ruis. p. 66. pi. 9. f. 9.

MuMt. 1841,Bnfr. iv. p. 62.pl. 6. f. 147.

Btu:h,l83i,Ueber Terebratelti, p. 100; \838,M6a. Soc.

fy. iii.p.2ii.pi. 19. f. 10.

^bratula phcs, Kutorga, 1B42, lb. pi. 5. f. 11.
tobratulB canidea, Oeini/i, 1846, Granrfms, p. 507.
lerebratula aubelongata, lyOrb. 1847, Prod, i, p. 168.
_ Permian. Germanj ; England ; Russia.

)eH)nia«. Boulouuus {Bmickard).

103. Tkrbbbatula Qualen'ii.

Shell elongated, depressed, widest in the middle, contnu
l«h end, smooth'; dorsal valve with an elevated central t _
ides depressed ; ventral valve riauated in front ; beak proini-
ent, rounded, recurved ; foramen small. Lon. 10, lat. 7, alt. 4

JfcreWatula Qualenu [Finch.), Kutorga, 1843, Verh.
Pelfrsb. p. 26. pi. 6. f. 2.
ffOrt. Prorf. i. p. 168.
Mail. Permian. Busiia.

104. TbRBBBATULA HVrPLATA.

Shell broadly ovate, obtuse or slightly indented
pKsaed, smooth ; valves motlerately conveys ; mai^ns even,

^. — ._! -_ 1.. .. . — ^_i __i :_! ij^ sinus; beak short,

Lon. 8, Ut. 7, '

Terebmtula KuSlata, Sckl. 1816, Akad. Manch. vi. p. 27. d
f. 10, 11 ; Mem. Acad. BaviSre, 1817, pi. 7- f. 10.

Bitch, M6n. Soc. Giol. Franee, iii. p. 213. pi. 19. f. 12 q

Miireh. Geol. Ruts. i. p. 222.

Miinsler, Btitr. iv. p. 63. pi. fi. f. 16 ?.

King, Permian FosHU, p. 149. pi. 7- f- 1-9.
Brebrahila inflata, Sckl. Petref. '""'

Bvch, VebcT Tertbratfln, p.
TerebratulB subsufflata, D'Or6._lS49, Prod.
Brnff Permian. GermaDV

1 &ant, de-

46 brachiopoda.

105. Tbrbbratula sacculus. BJL

Shell oblong, with a straight or emarsinate firant, n\aA «
sometimes elerated, and ahnost always (tefined by two bmi
obtuse ridges, proceeding a short distance on the shell, on od
side of a mesial broad shallow groove ; beak prominent, iscumi

Anomites sacculus, Martin, 1809, Petref. t. 46. f. 1, 2.
Terebratula sacculus, Koninck, Descr. p. 293. pL 20. f. 3.
jyOrb.ProdA.p. 151.

Fossil. Carb. Britain; Belgium; Russia.

106. Tbrbbratula hastata. BJL I

Shell elliptical, subrhomboidal, rather depressed ; front tnfrl
cated and indented ; edges sharp ; beak thick, slightly lecumi}
foramen small ; loop short, simple. Lon. 19, lat. 15, alt U
lines.

Terebratula hastata. Sow, 1824, Min. Con. v. p. 66. t. 446. f. 2,3.
Phil. Geol. Yorks. ii. pi. 12. f. 1 ; Pal. Foss. p. 91. pL 35.

f. 168?.
Roemer, Nordd. Ool. p. 48.

Fossil. Carh. Britain; Belgium.

107. Terebratula fusiformis.

Shell smooth, much elongated, fusiform, inflated, contracte
at each end ; valves equally convex ; mai^ins even ; beakpointei
recurved ; foramen small, apical?; deltidium distinct?. Lon. 1'
lat. 5i, alt. 4 lines.

Terebratula fusiformis, Vem. 1845, Buss. p. 65. pi. 9. f. 8.
D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 151.

Fossil. Carb. Russia.

108. Terebratula? lacryma.

Shell subglobose, smooth, oblong ; front straight, or sligh'
waved, scarcely raised except at the edge, which is deeply
nuated by the projection of the inferior valve, the central fun
of which is broad, flat, and bounded by two sharpish ridg(
beak not prominent. Lon. 5, lat. 4\, alt. 4 lines.

Atrypa lacr3nma. Sow. Geol. Trans. 2nd ser. v. pi. 56. f. 9.
Fossil. Devonian, England.

109. Terebratula? juvenis. B.

** Shell broad ovate, de^T^^^^d, «avooth, contracted toward
front ; lai^r valve lemaiWaJiA:^ VaoMNc.^ ^ ^^ \ska^^^0^aiis3?
angulated beak. In. iuW-gtoNni s^^vcaeaa. VJoa «^^ ^t&sr^

Mated, ui<

'erby. Gsol. Trans. 2nd ser. v. pi. 56. f. W^M
<.u, pi. 35. f. 165. ^H

bbratula juvenis, Sowcrby, Geol. Trans. 2nd a

P*i/. 1S4I, Pal. F(i.«, pi. 35. f. 165.

D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 100.
tdi, Dswmian, Britain.
. Tbeebhatula V
fA«H ovato-lanceolate, uniformly convex; beak prominent;
Ldnargin contracted, nearly sliaielit; surjfice beautifully re-
lated, and marked by a few faint, longitudinal Etria:. Lon. 8,
£i lines. I

ebrotula virgo, Phil. Pal. Foss. p. 91, pi. 35. f. 167. m

Bdl. Devtmian. England. fl

- TbRBBRATULA CAl'aUA. I

t^n much elongated, elliptical ; valves etjuaUy ventricoae,
M>th, or with a few striiE of growth ; beak inflated, much re-
^ed, and t^uehiug the other valve ; foramen round, mode-
> ; deltidium concealed; front straight. Lon. 2.^ lat. 1-^,

lAunc.
ebratulBCBiquB,Fern.^^rcA. 1842, IVani.Geo^ Sac. 2ud ser.

'^bratula amygdalina, Gold/. Sonn. Mm.
Ml. Beeonian. Pafirath, Prussia.

K. TbRBBRATULA BoRDtNI.

SAeU subpcntagonal, smooth, very finely punctate; edMS

Ljpj margins even; ventral viilve rather more convex than the

nid; beak recurved, ita summit perforated by a small round

amen; deltidium distinct. Lon. 10, lat. 'J, alt. 4 lines.

WbratuJa Bordini, Fern. 1850, Ball. Soc. Ghl. Fr. t. 7. I

pl.l.f. 8.

wdl. Devonian. Spain.

3. Tebkbbatula Schulzii.

i

s

Shell much elongated, smooth ; borders sharp ; &ont margins
ite even; ventral valve most convex; beak aeute, perforated
a small foramen, belotv which is an elongated deltidium-
in. 9, lat. 5. alt. 3 hues,
wbmula Sehuldi, Vem. 1850, Bull. Soc. GAi. Pr. vi^o-ai.

IL/.;.

114. Tbubbsatula Abchiaci.

Shell Bubrirculnr, ilcprcxscd, smooth; edges ihirp;
even; vcntrolvftlferstbermore convex than dorsal; Mil
curved; foramen apical, minute; deltidium ttiangulu;
of dorsal valve trith a cardinal process, dentalpits, sBdeloi^ui
adductor itnpreauotis. Lou. 26, lat. 25, alt. 9i linet.
Terehratula Archiaci, Venteml, 1850, Bull. Soc. Gtal. Fi.

p. 40. pi. 2. f. -2.
Fossil. Devonian. Agturias.
116. Terebsatula Haimbana.

SA«f'dnnilar, depressed, smooth, with obscure lines of gnri
Tatves nearly equally convci ; margins even ; beak obtii»,l«"
rally keeled, recurved, truncated by a small round roranu; i
tidium nearly concealed, solid. lA>n. 28, kt. 30, alt. \6\aa
Terebratulft Haimeana, Due. April 1852,.inn.Arof. Huf.pl, Rl
Fosail. Devonian, Prussia.

2. TEREBRATULINA.
Shell finely striated; valve auriculate; beak straght; Mi-.
dium usually rudimentary; foramen incomplete; loop ibnV,
rendered annular by the union of the oral processes (fig. 4).
Terebratulic striata;, Morris, 1S46, Joum. Geol. Soe. p. 3SS.
TerebrBtulina(caput-aerpentiR).B*OrJ.1848,ilnn.Sc.Niri.'iiS/.

Dav. 1852, Aii„. }fgt. Hisl. p. 365; Man. Crel. p. 3J.
TerebratuliE annulifenc, Qnenstedl, 1851, Handhuch, p, 462.

TerehTatuliaa capvl-serfentia.
Fig. 4. Fig. 5.

BRACHIOPODA. 49

i^HBBRATULINA CAPUT-SERPENTIS. B.M.

cll ovate, subpentagoual, tapering at the beak, slightly trun-
in front, whitish, ornamented with fine, bifurcating, granu-
ribs ; beak nearly straight ; foramen rather large, incom-

» obUque ; deltidia rudimentary, disunited ; valves eared ;

short, one-third the length of the shell, not reflected, oral

^8ses united. Lon. 12, lat. 10 lines.

nia caput-serpentis, Linn, 1767, Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 1153.

Bom.Mus. 119. t. 6. f. 13.

Chemnitz, viii. 103. t. 78. f. 712; xi. 248. t. 203. f. 2013,

2014.
Gmelin, S. N, 3344.
Dillw. Index Test. pi. 2. f. 22.
Pott, Test. SiciL ii. 192. t. 30. f. 15 y.
Philippi, Moll. Sicil. i. 94. t. 6. f. 5 ; ii. 66.
>ratuhna Caput serpentis, jyOrh. Ann. Sd. Nat. 1848, viii.
, t. 7. f» 7> 8, 17^
iratulina cornea, lyOrh. 1848, Ann. Sci, Nat. viii. t. 7. f. 9,

lia pubescens, L. Syst. Nat. 1152; Gmelin, S. N. 3344.

Dillw. R. S. 293.

Schroter, Einl. Conch, iii. p. 397. pl. 9. f. 10.

)ratula pubescens, Retz. N. Gen. 15 ?

Miiller, Z. Dan. Prod. 249. no. 3007.

)ratula, Lamk. E. M. t. 241. f. 2 ; " t. 246. f. 7, opt." Lamk.

Griindler, 1774, Naturforscher, p. 84. t. Ill, ammal.

lia retusa, L. Syst. N. 12. p. 1151 ; Fauna Suecica, ed. 2.

521.

Dillw. Recent Shells, i. ji. 292.

)ratula caput-serpentis, Lamk. Hist. vi. 247 ; ed. Desh. vii.

2.

Sow. Gen. f. 2; Thes. Conch, vii. 343. t. 68. f. 1-4; t. 72.

f. 116.
Kuster, Conch. C. vii. 22. t. 1. f. 15, 16; t. 2. f. 16, 17.
Blainv.D.S.N.m. 139.
Phil. Moll. Sicil. i. p. 94. pl. 6. f. 4, 5.
Forbes Sf Hanley, Brit. Moll. pl. 56. f. 1-4.
lyris spatula, Menke, Syn. ed. 2. 96.
nia aurita, Linn. S. N. 1151 ? Gmelin, 3342.
)ratula aurita, Fleming, Phil. Zool. ii. p. 498. pl. 4. f. 5 ;
t^. An. p. 369.

)ratula costata, Lowe, Zool. Joum. ii. 105. t. 5. f. 8, 9.
Desh. in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. 351.
iratula striata. Leach, Brit. Moll, t. 13. {. \,^.

51) BRACHIOPaDA.

Tcrebratula Genrillii, S. Wood, Mag. Nat. Hist, v, p.
Hah. N. Biiuiin; Norway; Mediurranean, At ll>-50liila
Fcrasil. Mioceae. GibndUr (Jas. Smith, F.R.8.); Tiihi
Pliocme. Suffolk (S. V. Wood).

2. TEKEBB4TUL1NA SBPTEXTRIOKAUB.

Shell ovate, whitish, radiatcly coatellated with ten i
bi<'ur<»Cing, roughieh ribs ; beak obtuse ; foramen large, lag
[ilete; iteltiiiia rudimentary; loop two-fifths the leugtb gf
HhcU, auelliform. Lou. 9, lat. 7, alt. lines.
TercbraCula septentriooHlis, Covthouy.

G. B. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vii. 344. t. 57. f. 5, 6.
Hab. MiiJSBchusetta.

Shell oblong, thin, whitish, radiatcly striated ; striE
bifurcating; sides rather flattened near the hinjn:; Ih^L
eated by a moderate, iiicomplete, very Dhlique tucunen ; ilelljl
obsolete ; loop smaJl, anclliform. Lon. 13, lat. 9 lines.
TorsUmtiila Jiipouioii, G. B. Soii-ifrbi,, Thes. Conch, vii. W.L

f. 7. 8.

Adams ^ Reeve, Zool. Samarang, p. 71- pi. 21. t IT
Hab. Japan. (Mus. Cuming.)

5£e/felongate-ovBl,Elightly compressed, pellucid while, dt
and very finely costellated longitudinally; ribs rough; '
truncated ; valves nearly equal, slightly funowed in the vH
front margin a httle sinuated. Lon. 11, lat. 7 lines.
Terebratula angusta, Adains ^ Rene, 1850, ZaoL Snv

p. 71. pi. 21. f. 2.
Terebratulina caput- serpentia, var.?
Hab. Seas of Japan.

5. Terebratulina cancellata.

Shell ovate-oblong, ventricose, brownish ; strife very ilm
close-set, decussated by fine lines of growth ; dorsal vsWe n
flat ; ventral valve convex ; foramen large, complete j dlt
large, united ; loop short. Lon. 1 0, lat. 7. alt. 5 hoea.
Terebratula cancelhita, Koch.

Raster, Conch. C. vii. t. 2 b. f. 11, la, 13.
Sow. Thts. CmicFi. vii. 358. t. 71- f. 93.
Hab. T tMua. Cvaoi»%.1

BBACHIOPODA. 51

A.TULINA ABYSSICOLA.

»

l-elongated, tapering to the beak and a little trun-
Qt, pale flesh-colour, radiated with obscure, bifurca-
beak produced; foramen moderate, entire; dorsal
slight central depression. Lon. 8, lat. 7 lines.

abyssicola, Adams 8c Reeve, 1850, Zool, Samarang,
2i:f. 5.

la abyssicola, Dav, May 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 366.
of Good Hope ; at 120 fathoms.

ATULINA CUMINGII.

lute, somewhat pentagonal, gibbous, yellowish white,
I with very numerous, minute, elevated, radiating and
^ strise; valves with very small ears; beak small,
runcated by a round, incomplete foramen; deltidia
aargins slightly sinuated in front; loop anelliform.
b. 3, alt. 2 Tines.

Qa Cumingii, Dav. May 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 366 ;
ol. Soc. p. . pi. . f. 17-19.
ise Seas. (Mus. Cuming.)

LATULINA STRIATULA. B.M.

tl, slightly produced at the beak, depressed; minutely
:ri8e unequal, bifurcating and intercalating, 80-90 at
; margin sUghtly flexuous ; beak truncated by a mo-
implete foramen ; deltidia small ; auricles indistinct,
t. 8, alt. 4 lines.

I striatula, Sow. 1829 (in part., not T. striatula, Mant.),

I. vi. p. 69. t. 536. f. 5 (not 3, 4).

na striatula, Dav. Mon. Tertiary Brack, p. 14. pi. 1.

^ene. England.

lATULINA TENUISTRIATA.

all, oval, depressed, ornamented with radiating, gra-
iffi ; beak prominent, acute ; foramen small, enture ;
.ouble, complete. Lon. 5, lat. 4, alt. 2 lines.

I tenuistriata, Leym, 1846, M^. Soc. G^ol. France, i.

)1. 15. f. 11.

h. Mem. Soc. G^l. France, 2nd ser. t. ii. p. 214. pi. 7-

4.

1 Defrancii, Leym. id. pi. 15. f. VI IjioX. Btqu^u^^.

fene. France.

11. TbrbbbatulinaT Vbnei.

Shell oval, gibbous, oroament«d nitb coucenMc lii
mi radiately striated ; stris not numerouSi regular
forcatiug ; valves nearly equally convex ; beak promii
fotmmen small, round ; deltidium conspicuous, doub
lat. 41, alt. 3i lines.
Terebratuls Venei, Leym. 1846, Mim. Sac. GAl. 1

p. 362. pi. 15. f. 10.
Fossil. Eocene. France.

12. Tbrbbratulin* h

Shell ovate, subpentagODal, depressed ; omameni
dialing strije crossed by numerous lines of growth ; n
sligbt^ arched in front ; dorsal valve rather Bat, i
; ventral valve convex ; beak laive ftud thi(

TerebratulamuUistriat«,Du>i;t«r, l847,Beilr. p. 1
Fossil. Tertiary. Ravensbeig.

13. Tbrebratulina

BRACHIOPODA. 53

Desk. Lam. ed. 2. vii. p. 360.

Geinitz, Petr. Kreid. pi. 16. f. 12.

D'Orb. in Murch. Russia, ii. p. 463. pi. 43. f. 18-20.

Reuss, Bohem. Kreid. p. 49. pi. 26. f. 2.

DixoTiy GeoL Sussex, pi. 27. i. 21.

Rcsmer, Kreid. p. 40.
ibratula Defrancii, Brongn. 1822, Env. Paris, p. 383. pi. 3.

6.

Nilsson, Petr. Suecy. 35. pi. 4. f. 7.

Buck, M6m. Soc. Geol. France, p. 165. pi. 16. f. 8.

Hisinger, Leth. Suec. p. 78. t. 22. f. 10.

Rcsmer, Nord. Kreid. p. 40.

Dolman, Vet. Acad. 1848, p. 136.

liratula scabra, i^cA^r, 1830-7, Orgct. Moscow 4* Foss. Gouv.
''osc. 1809, pi. 2. f. 1, 2 (indeterminable),
bratula pentagonalis, Phil. 1825, Geol. Yorks. i.jpl. 1. f. 17
funded on a specimen partly imbedded in chalk).

ng—

bratula chrysalis, Schlotheim, 1813, in Leonhard^s Min.
zsch. vol. vii. {ref. to Faujas, Mt. S. Pierre, Maestricht, pi. 26.

7» 9.)

Schi. Petref. 1820, p. 39.

Bitch, M^. Soc. G^ol. France, pi. 16. f. 9.

Bronn, Leth, Geog. p. 651. pi. 30. f. 6.

Reuss, Bohem. Kreid. p. 49. pi. 26. f. 3.

Dav. Lond. Geol. Joum. i. pi. 18. f. 18-20.

Dunker, PaUeont. p. 66.

Rcemer, Kreid. p. 40.

tbratula tenuissima, Schl. 1813, Leonh. Min. Tasch. vii.
ibratula Gervillii, Defrance, 1828, Diet. Sc. Nat. liii. p. 157.

Woodward, Geol. Norf. t. 6. f. 14.
ibratula Faujasii, Rosmer, Kreid. p. 40. t. T.t. 8.

Reuss, Kreid. p. 50. pi. 26. f. 4,

bratula auriculata, Rcsmer, Kreid. p. 39. t. 7. f. ^.

D'Orb. Prod. ii. p. 173.
ibratulina microscopica, Alth, 1849, in Haid. Abhandl. 1850,

257. t. 13. f. 7.

til. Chalk, Upper Greenland, Speeton Clay. England ;
ranee; Belgium; Germany; Russia.

Terebratulina Gisii.

hell minute, trigonal, roimded in front, with 11-15 sini])lti
ided and granulated ribs ; dorsal valve with lar^e ew^. Vkw,
3 3 ]mes.

chotomouH, strongly granulftteii ;

Terebratulina Dutempleauo, D'Orb. 1S47, 1
pi. 504. f. 1-8. ,

Terelirtttuiintt elegans, D'Orb. 1B50, Prod, ii.:
Tertbratulina strinta, Wahl. (young?) j

Fossil. Chalk. France. 1

Ifi. Terebratulina Guadahjp.«. I

Shfll soiall, avttte-orbkular, inflated, radidl
fine, smooth, clase, bifurcAted; dorsal Tolvej
eared; Tentral vaWe more conves; benb p(^
curved ; foramen large, complete. Lon. 4, Ii
Terebratulft Guadalupcc, Rataer, lS5d, KtvH^

Fossil. Ckalk. Guftiialoupe.

1". TsREBRATtlLINACAMPANIKNBIS. I

Shfll ovate-oblong, depressed, triangulBH
ribs granulated, entire, wit a aniiUler ribs dispfl
spaces; beak angular; front nearly straight j!

Terebratulina Campnniensis, D'Orb, IS47, 1
t.602.f. 13. M

BRACHIOFODA. 55

Tbrebratulina BIAURICULATA.

^11 angularly ovate, depressed, radiately ribbed ; ribs ele-
ci, angular, irregularly fasciculated; beak tapering; front
cated ; ears short. Lon. 4 lines.

ibratulina auriculata, D*Orb. 1847, Ter. Cr^t. iv. p. 5S.
. 502. f. 3-7 (not Roemer).
^bratulina biauriculata, D'Orb. Prod. ii. p. 85.
tbratulina striata, Wahl. var. ?

lil. Neocomian. France.

Tbrebratulina Floridana.

hell subpentagonal, with obscure radiating striae ; valves
itly biplicated; beak produced, straight; foramen small.
. 7^9 lat. 6\ lines.

;bratula Floridana, Morton, 1834, iSy«. Cret.p,72. pi. 16. f. /•
:bratulina Floridana, D'Orb. Prod. ii. p. 258.
sil. Chalk, Alabama, U.S.

Terebratulina gracilis.

hell orbicular, striated ; dorsal valve flat or concave ; ventral
e convex ; beak small, recurved ; foramen small ; deltidium
mentary; ears small; striae fine, very variable in number
-50), granulated, augmenting in number by the intercalation
mailer ribs towards the margin. Lon. 5^, lat. 5, alt. 2 lines.

jbratulites gracilis, Schl. 1813, heonh, Min. Tasch. vii. p. 112.

3. f. 3 ; Petref. p. 270. no. 35, 1820.
3bratula gi*acilis, Schl. 1832, Petref.

Buch, Mem. Soc. G6ol. France, 1st ser. iii. p. 167.pl. 16. f. 1 1.

Geinitz, Petref. Kreid. pi. 16. f. 13 ; Grundriss Verst. pi. 21 .
f. 10.

Reuss, Bohem. Kreid. p. 49. pi. 26. f. 1, pi. 42. f. 24.

Puggaard^ Bull. Soc. Geol. France, vii. p» 534.

Quenst. Handb. p. 462. t. 37- f. 8, 9.
ebratulina gracilis, D*Orb. in Mnrch. Russia, ii. p. 499. pi. 43.

24-26 ; Ter. Cr^t. iv. p. 61. t. 503. f. 1-6.

Dav. Mm. Cret.ja. 38. pi. 2. f. 13-16.

bratula omata, Rctmer, 1840, Nord. Kreid. p. 40. no. 26

. 7. f. 10.

bratulina omata, D^Orb. Prod. ii. p. 258.

bratula rigida, Sowerby, 1829, Aftn. Con.vi. p. 69. pi. 536. f. 2.

Z)av. Mon. Cret. pi. 2. f. 17.

>1. Chalk. England; Belgium; France; Germany; Russia.

r'EREBRATULINA? BOURGEOISII.

^//minute, orbicular, depressed, ra^aX.^^ %\xvBXft.\\ ^cr\sR>
^h, curved, diverging towards the svAes ', N^xv\x^N^^^«vy-

56 BRACHIOPODA.

vex ; dorsal valve flat; beak small ; foramen minute; loop—? Ir
Lon. 4, lat. 4 lines.

Terebratella Bourgeoisii, D'Orft. 1847, Tcr. Cr^^iv. p. 124. t. 518.

f. 10-16.
Terebratulina gracilis, Sckl. var. ?

Fossil. Chalk. France.

23. Terebratulina? bchinulata.

Shell ovate-oblong, depressed, closely radiately striated; stiis
slightly prickly ; margins bisinuated in front ; {onmai round,
complete; deltidium solid, concave. Lon. 18^ lat. 13, altSI
lines.

Terebratula echinulata, Dti^ardin, 1836, M^. Soc, G4ol. Franct,

ii. p. 223. f. 222.
Terebratulina echinulata, IT Orb. Ter. Crit. iv. 63. t. 603. f. 7-11.
Fossil. Chalk. France.

24. Terebratulina Santonensis.

Shell oval, depressed, radiately ribbed ; ribs granulose, curved,
diverging towards the sides; ventral valve convex; area very
small ; foramen small ; dorsal valve nearly flat. Lon. 9 lines. <

Terebratula Santonensis, D'Arch. 1 837, M^. Soc. G4ol. Francti

ii. p. 181. pi. 13. f 14.
Terebratella Santonensis, ITOrb. 1847, Ter. Cr^. iv. p. 123.

t. 518. f 5-9.

Fossil. Chalk. France.

25. Terebratulina parracena.
Shell rounded ; not truncated in front.

Terebratulina parracena, (Talavignes) D'Orb. Prod. ii. p. 308.
Fossil. U, Chalk. France.

26. Terebratulina megatrema. Bristol Mus.

Shell " moderately convex, transversely obovate, with a few
distinct ribs ; the beak is large and produced, with a very large
perforation." Lon. 3, lat. 3 lines.

Terebratula megatrema, J. Sow. 1836, Creol. Trans, iv. p. 242
& 343. pi. 18. f 3.
D'Orb. Prod. ii. p. 172.

Fossil. U. Greensand. England.

27. Terebratulina aijBSTB.ikr^w, B.M.

Shell 0Y2\ or subpentagoT\«X,Ta^\aXeV^ %Vtv«Jc^^% '&\xNSfc>5SiR«5i^.
very fine, dichotomous, crossed \i^ ixeo^v^^iox. \vas,% v^S. s^^^Sis

r

■ft iGsIitlvi

C iGsIitly elevated ; sidca depresaeil; beak short, I
Mmen large, incomplete i deltidia large, separate; loop a
miliar. Lon. 10, kc. 10, alt. 4 lines,
farebratula aubatriata, Schl. 1820, Pelr. p. 283.
I, Buck. Ter. fiO.
I COrfi. Prod. i. p. 377.

Quensl. Handb.-p. 4(il. t.37. f. 6, 7.
nrebratuk atrifttulft, Zieten, l&'iO, fVirl. p. 59. pi. 44. f. 2 (M

nrebratulinB aubatriata, Daniikon, Ann. Hal. Hist,
nail. Oxford Clay. France ; Geimany.

3. WALDIIEIMIA.
I

'Shell: forHmen complete i loop elongated and reflcclcil;
tn leptiini of the smaller valve elongated.

nldheimia (australiaj. King, 1H4D, Permian Fossils, n.
^' ■■ "' ^\oops,Dav.\aii2,Atm.Nat.Hisi

m.

nbratula; with k ..

bvbratulfe einctie et carinatte (part.), Buch.

Btbe exl«nt of the septum may be readily ascertained i

bsie* by a little add, witbout injuring tbe specimena.

ftbe acetiona into which n^aldkeimiaaaa been grouped ilcpen

|§wly upon modificBCioni of extei'ual form.

WulM,

. Beak round ; vaha c\

Shfit ovhI. rslher jiroilured at the beak, giliboua. mjooih 4
\uuiif[, bonier of the lulull more or less stroogl; fntrond j
unequal, ruliating fbldsi front sligliily truucsted; Mlmt*
lowiih. or homy brinvn ; beak short and thick, not wiiu
curved; roramen rather large, coinidcte ; deltidiumlirgt;]!
elongated, reflected ; mar^iiia at first even, afterKafdi mat
leu deiitated. Lon. 17, lat. 14, alt. 8 lines.
Terebratida Uavescens, Lamk. Hist. \8VJ, ed. 2. vii. 330. 1
Terebratula australis, Quoy 8f Gaim. 1834, yot/.AMrei.t.U
t. S5. f. 1-5. II

Sow. Thei. CwicA. vii. 349. t. 69. f. 25-33.

IVoodaard, Manual, n. 8. f. 4, 5.
Ttrebratuk ilentata, Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. 331.

DfUgsTl, Icon. t. IB. f. 4. 1

Var. Terebratula recurra, Quo]/ ^ Gaim.MM,Vo]i.A»lnil.jJi

Sow. Thes. Coach, vii. 350. t. 69. f. 34, 35, 36.
Hub. Australia, Sydney, juat below low-wftter-mwt,

2, WaLDHEIMIA LENTICULAaiS. fl

ShtU orbicular, smooth, red ; margins even ; beak smill,
curved ; foramen small ; deltidium conspicuous ; loop elongi
reflected. Lon. 24, lat. 22, alt. 14 lines.
Terebratula lenticularis, Deshayes, Mag, Zool. 1841, t. 41,
G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch, vii. 360. t. 72. f. 108, 109, II
Dav. Ann. Nat. Ht'st. May 1852, p. 365.
Hab. Ne\i Zealand, Strait of Fauveau, at 15 &thonis.
Fossil. Id a modem deposit of New Zealand.

3. Waldrbihia cbamum. I
Shell ovate, front margin sometimes a little truncated, smo

pale, tranaliicent ; beak reflected; foramen large, inrompl
ileltidian plates narrow, widely separated ; loop reflected, I
thirds as long as the shell. Lon. 24, lat. 19'5, alt. 14 mil.
Peliver, Gaz.t.93.i. 19.
Anomia cranium, GWfin, S. N. 3247-

LHlltu. R. S. i. 294.
Anomia obsoleta, Silandef, MSS.
Anomia vitrea, Chemnitz, viii. 9?. t. 78. f. 707-/09.
Terebratula cranium, Muller, Zool. Dan. Prod. 247.

Sou,. Thes. Conch, vii. 354, t. 70. f. 60, fil, 62.

Lovin, Moll. Scand. p.M,
Hab. Norway, FinmaiV-, eBstoHOti •il'ftTew»^,'LiSoi*i>'

BRACHIOPODA. 59

Valdheimia SEPTIGERA.

hell white, thin, subpellucid, tumid, smooth, ovate-triangular,
cated in front, and slightly biplicate ; foramen large, round ;
idium entire ; loop reflected, rather long (three-quarters as
: as the shell); smaller valve with a raised median septum.

- 28, lat. 21-5, alt. 17 mill.

sbratula septigera, Loven, 1846, Index Moll. Scand. p. 29.

- Norway; Finmark.

Valdheimia globosa.

hell ovate, ventricose, smooth, whitish ; margins even, slightly
»ted in front ; beak thick, slightly reflected, truncated ; fora-
large, nearly complete; deltidia large, disunited; dorsal
e with a broad, indistinct mesial ridge ; loop reflected, two-
is the length of the shell (Sowerby). Lon. 20, lat. 16, alt.
Lnes.

^bratula globosa, Lamk, Hist. 1819, ed. 2. vii. 330.

Blainv. Man. Malac. t. 52. f. 2.

Sow. Thes. Conch, vii. 359. t. 71. f. 99, 100, 101.
ibratula, Lamk, E. M. t. 239. f. 2.
. ? (Mus. Cuming.)

Valdheimia picta. B.M.

hell ovate, rather narrowed in front and at the beak, smooth,
, orange-red, ornamented with irregular pale rays ; margins
I ; beak recurved ; foramen small, entire ; deltidia narrow,
ed ; loop elongated, recurved. Lon. 12, lat. 10, alt. ? hues.

mia picta, Chemnitz, Conch. C. xi. 247- 1. 203. f. 2011, 2012.
mia cranium, var., Dillw. R. S. 295.
jbratula picta. Sow. Thes, Conch, vii. 351. t. 70. f. 43, 44.
. Terebratula rubella, G. B. Sow. Thes, Conch, vii. 350. t. 69.
40-42.
^ Java.

ATaLDHEIMIA DILATATA. * B.M.

hell suborbicular, gibbous, homy; margins even ; beak thick,
er tapering, with obtuse lateral ridges ; foramen large, incom-
e ; deltidia large, separate; loop elongated, reflected. Lou.
lat. 18, alt.? lines.

bratula dilatata, Lamk, Hist, ed. 2. vii. 330.
Sow. Thes, Conch, vii. 352. t. 70. f. 48, 49.
3lainv. D. S, N. liii. 135. 1828.
:>ratula Gaudichaudi, Blainv. D. S, N» liii. 136, 1828.
Straits of Magellan,

^^^^ Vt^^Ann^Nai. Hist. Ma^sSS^^S^
mb. California.

9. Waldheimia Patagonica.

Shfli OTal, smooth ; valves nearly equally a
vcutral valve produced, slightly curved, thick,]

elongated oud reflected. Lon. 16, lat. 13, alt. A
Terebratula Pati^oiiica, Soic. 1846, » Danoi
p. 252. nl. 2. f. 26, 27.
irOrb. Prod. iii. p. 134.
Fossil. Miocene. Patagonia,

6. Beak latrrally ketUd : valves convei, mik ei

or preiaiaeacea. ^^^

Ten.'brfttulie cinctie, Buch. '^^H

10. Waldhbihia aculeata. ^^I

BRACHIOPODA. 61

Taldheimia MULTICOSTATA. B.M.

dl suborbicular^ ornamented with 6-11 corresponding ribs;
'adiating, prominent, rounded, projecting beyond the mar-
ive or six extending to the umbo, the rest intercalated ;
i convex, margins straight ; beak short, scarcely curved,
%ted by a moderate-sized foramen. Lon. 6, lat. 6, alt. 4

•ratula miilticostata, Klipst, 1844, Beitr. p. 216. pi. 15. f. 5.
D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 204.

.. Tnas, Tvrol.

TaLDHEIMIA? aUINaUECOSTATA. B.M.

?ll trigonal, ornamented with five radiating, corresponding
ribs very prominent, rounded, projecting beyond the mar-
interspaces narrow, flat ; beak small, promment, laterally
ressed. Lon. 3, lat. 2^ lines {Miinster).

ratula quinquecostata, Miinst. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 59. pi. 6.

>.

jcra quinquecostata et crista-galli, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 204.

ratula crista-galli, Klipstein, \S44, Beitr. p. 217. pi. 15. f. 9.

)rsal valve only : lon. 3^, lat. 4^ lines.)

. Trias. St. Cassian.

^ALDHEIMIA? FLEXUGSA. B.M.

HI obovate, depressed, smooth at the umbones, bordered
numerous, unequal, corresponding ribs, those at the sides
jing and projecting beyond the margin; front obtuse or
ly truncated ; beak prominent, laterally compressed ; area
; foramen round, apical. Lon. 5i, lat. 4i, alt. 3 lines.

ratula flexuosa, M'uTist. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 59. pi. 6. f. 8.

'ilipstein, t. 15. f. 4.

chonella flexuosa, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 203.

. Trias. St. Cassian, Tyrol.

/^ALDHEIMIA CELTICA. B.M.

11 oblong, elongated, smooth, slightly truncated in front ;
ns even ; dorsal valve inflated near the umbo, depressed in
; ventral valve convex ; beak slightly produced, not much
'ed, keeled ; foramen moderate ; deltidium obtusely trian-
double; loop elongated, reflected. Lou. \S,\a&.^>^)^.%

D'Orb. Prod. 1S50, p. 344 & 377.
Tereliratuk vulgaris, Fitcher, 1843, Bull. NatA

(not ScAl). '

Terebratula orailhocephala. Id. p. 27. pL 4, f

Fossil. KelloiBOy Rockl Fraoce.

Oxford Clay. Russia.

23. Waldhcimia Strogojjofii.

Sirll oval, elongnted, slightly tninca
smooth; margins even; general valve mortra
recurved; foramen moderate, circular; deldj
eealed. Lon. 28, lat. 17, ait. 14 line*.
Tertbrntiila Stroeonofii, ITOrb. 1845, Munki

pi. 42. f. 31, 32 ! Prod. i. p. 377.
Fossil. Oxford Clay. Russia.

24. Waldhbimia obovata.
Shell oval, tnuieated in front, with ofawntj

ventricoBe; beak short, ratiier recurved, wdtJi ^
ridges ; deltidium more or less concealed ; loopl
Lon. 15, lat. 13, alt. 10 lines. '

Terebratula obovata. Sow. 1812, Mm. Cm.
Davidson, Men. Ool. p, 39. pi. fi. f. 14-1'

BRACHIOPODA. 65

bratula umbonella, Val. 1819, in Lam. An. s. Vert,
Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1860, pi. 13. f. 18.

iil. Combrash. England; France; Gennany.

Waldheimia sublagenalis. B.M.

kell smooth, oblong, ventricose ; front margin wide, trun-
i, slightly indented ; beak rounded, recurved ; valves slightly
)wed in the middle, in ^ont, with rounded lateral ridges and
linent angles. Lon. 15, lat. 8, alt. 9 lines.

bratula sublagenalis (Rocmerlf 1836, Verst. Nordd. Ool. p. 49),
av. Mon. Ool. Brack, p. 42. pi. 7. f- 14.

il. Combrash. England; France.
{Lias. Germany; Willershausen.)

W^ALDHEIMIA ORNITHOCEPHALA.

lell smooth^ rhombic-ovate, becoming elongated and ventri-
with age, rather narrow and truncated in front; beak

ded and recurved ; foramen moderate ; deltidium concealed ;
simple, elongated. Lon. 16, lat. 11, alt. 10 lines.

oyd, Lith. Bnt. pi. 10. f. 873.

bratula omithocephala. Sow. 1812, Min. Con. i. p. 227. 1. 101 .

2 3 4.

Smith, Strat. Syst. 1816.

Lam. ed. Desh. vii. p. 361.

Phil. Geol. Yorks. i. t. 6. f. 7.

Zieten, Wurt. t. 39. f. 2.

Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 40. pi. 7- f. 6, 13, 23.

Roemer, Nordd. Ool. p. 51.

Pusch, Polens Pal. p. 19. t. 3. f. 17.

bratula lampas. Sow. Min. Con. p. 228 (cast).

D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 239.

bratula subovalis et subovoides, Rcemer, Ool. pi. 2. f. 9, 10 ?

bratula triquetra. Sow. Min. Con. v. p. 65. t. 445. f. 1 (not

Timer, Nordd. Ool. p. 48).

bratula subtriquetra, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 216.

il. Kelloway Rock — Fuller* s Earth. England; France;
srmany.

(Valdheimia Ignaciana.

^11 oval-oblong, slightly convex, smooth, truncated in front ;
ul valve deep ; beak short, recurved ; foramen moderate.
16, lat. 11, alt. 8 lines.

Dratula Ignaciana, D'Orb. 1842, Pal. Amer. Merid. p. 63,
22. f. 14, 15; Prorf. i. p. 221.
I JJa^. Chili.

iJUMii. an. bii. I a. u. iJ- LU 1

Terehratula buUata, avn.. Buck, MAn. fflft".!
p. 195.

Morm, Cot. p. 132. i

Bronn, Index Pal. ii. p. 1331,
FoasU. Caralline Oalile. Malton, Yorkshire. |

30. WAI.I1HEIIIIA SUBOVOIDKS.

Shell OTBte, smooth ; vakes confes, ^
^nt; beak small, recurved; faramen imaU,*
distiact. Lon. 14, lat. 11, alt. 8 lines.
Tiirebratidn subovoides (Miin«/er), Bram

RieiMT, Nordd. Ool. p. 50. t. 2. f. 9. J

Bronn, Index, p. 1252. j

Terebratula subovalis, Ramer, 1336, Ntinid. 0^

(accoriling to Bronn, Index, ]). 1252). |

Fossil, Lias. Germany.

31. ?'Waldbeimia Sabthacenbi

Tercbratnla SanbatennSi D'Orb. Pro

Soio.pl. 101. f. 6?).
Voaai. Liai(Uj^er). Frsnce,

BaM

BRACHIOPODA. 67

)HEIMIA NUMISMALIS. B.M.

pressed, somewhat pentagonal, smooth, with distant
striae ; both valves with a sinus in front ; beak short,
)ramen minute ; deltidium wide and short ; loop elon-
3cted. Lon. and lat. 11-13, alt. 4-6 lines.

a numismalis, Val. in Lamk, 1819, Hist. vii. 334. n. 17.

Encyc, MM. t. 240. f. 1.
, Mon. Tereb. 84. n. 4.

E. M. iii. 2028. n. 18.
I, Petref. t. 39. f. 4.
ison, Mon. Ool. p. 27. pi. 5. f. 1-3.
T, Nordd. Ool. p. 47-
it. Handb. p. 467. t. 3?. f. 32, 33.
a orbicularis {Schlotheim), Zieten, Petref, Wurt, t.39.

a Cor, Val. in Lam. Hist. Nat.

Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pi. 15. f. 22.

a pentagona, Munster, in Cambridge Museum ?

a quadrifida, Quenst. Handb. p. 467. t. 37. f. 28.

as. Britain; France; Wurtemberg.

)HEIMIA aUADRIFIDA. B.M.

oader than long, somewhat pentagonal, depressed, pro-
four angles in front ; valves with corresponding ridges

isions ; beak small, with acute lateral ridges ; roramen
deltidium double, obtuse ; loop elongated, reflected.

it. 18, alt. 7 lines.

a quadrifida, Val. in Lam. 1819, An. sansVert. vi. p. 35.
M6n. Sac. G^ol. France, iii. p. 190. pi. 17. f. 3.
Ison, Mon. Ool. p. 28. pi. 3. f. 8-10 ; Ann. Nat. Hist.
le 1850, pi. 14. f. 35.

us (Marlstone). England ; France.

)HEIMIA CaUSONIANA.

I T. cornuta, but always much wider, and the two pro-
)m the pallial region wider apart.

a Caussonia, D'Orb. 1847, Prod. i. p. 221.
js. France.

• HEIMIA CORNUTA. B M.

looth and shining, iiTCgidarly pentagonal, longer than
es equally convex, deeply indented in front, with cor-
• projections and depressions •, \ie«^ ^ax^<b, t^c«xs^^^
' lateral ridges ; foramen modeTate •, ^<?\\^\xav^av^^\

68 BRACHIOPODA.

loop simple, nearly reaching the front margin. Lon.20,kt.l3,
alt. 12 lines.

Terebratula comuta. Sow. Min. Con, 1825, v. p. 66. pi. 446. f. 4.

Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 29. pi. 3. f. 11-18.
Terebratula vicinalis, Bucky 1838, M^, Soc. G4ol. FromnXi^
p. 192. pi. 17. f. 6 (not Schloth.).

Rasmer, Nordd, Ool. p. 47.

Fossil. Idas. England; France; Germany.

38. Waldheimia bidentata.

Shell small, oblong, ventricose, contracted and indented in
front ; valves smooth, each with a deep mesial furrow in firont;
dorsal valve inflated ; beak very small, keeled ; foramen minnte.
Lon. 7 9 lat. 4, alt. 4 lines.

Terebratula bidentata, Zieten, 1830, p. 59. pi. 44. f. 3 (notHtf.).
Terebratula sub-bidentata, lyOrb. Prod. i. p. 288.
Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Germany.

39. Waldheimia vicinalis. B.M.

Shell trigonal or oval, truncated and indented in front, smooth;
valves equally convex, each with a shallow sinus in front, betweea
very obtuse eoiTesponding ridges ; edges thick, obtuse ; margiiis
quite even ; beak small, recurved, sharply keeled at the sides;
foramen minute; loop elongated, reflected. Lon. 11, lat. 9,
alt. 6^ lines.

Terebratula vicinalis, Schl. 1820, Petref. p. 281 *.

Buck, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, iii. p. 192 (excl. plate).
Terebratula digona, Zieten, pi. 39. f. 8 ? (not Sow.).
Terebratula cornuta, Rctmer (not Sow.).
Terebratula numismalis 5, Quenst. Handb. p. 467. t. 37. f. 26.

Fossil. Lias. Wurtemberg.

40. Waldheimia Rehmanni.

Shell widely ovate, or subpentagonal, truncated and slightly
indented in front, rounded at the sides, ventricose, smooth ; beak
small, recurved, sharply keeled ; foramen minute ; deltidium
triangular, solid. Lon. 10, lat. 9, alt. 6 lines.

Terebratula llehraanni (Buch), Rcemer, 1839, Nordd. Ool. p. 21.
1. 18. f. 11.

Fossil. Lias. Saxony.

* The reference made V»y ^c\\\o\\vevm\,^^wVi\v%Q\\aii. 16. f. 4, shows
that he did not intend tV\e %Ve\\ «Lix.w\««x^"s» x^^xafc^ T. wm>»xaVs\
Sowerhv.

BRACHIOPODA. 69

ALDHEIMIA FiSCHERIANA. B.M.

/ oblong, truncated and indented in front, smooth ; edges
jtuse; margins even; ventral valve gibbose ; beak short,
;d, laterally keeled; foramen small, round; deltidium
riangular. Lon. 4 lines (D^Orb.). Lon. 11, lat. 8, alt. 6

Brit. Mus.).

atula Fischeriana, D'Orb. 1845, Murch, Russia, ii.p. 482.

2. f. 27-30 ; Prod. i. p. 377-

atula digona, Zieten, Wurt, p. 53. pi. 39. f. 8 (D'Orb.).

ischer, Oryct. Moscow, pi. 23. f. 7 (not Sow.),

atula indentata, Fischer, Bull. Moscow, xvi. p. 24. pi. 4.

4 (not Sow.).

atula nucleata, Fischer, id. p. 25. pi. 4. f. 5, 6 (not Zieten).

Oxford Clay. Russia.
Coral Raff. Germiiny.

ALDHEIMIA LUNARIS.

■I crescent-shaped, smooth ; valves gibbose, concave in
margins even; beak very small, depressed, keeled; fo-
minute. Lon. 5^, lat. 7> alt. 4 lines.

atula lunaris (Schiibler), Zieten, p. 59. pi. 44. f. 4.
'Orb. Prod. i. p. 288.

Inferior Oolite. Germany.

ALDHEIMIA PLANA. B.M.

/ small, pentagonal, smooth ; front truncated ; margins
dorsal valve rather flat, sUghtly depressed centrally in
with indications of a long central septum ; ventral valve
, flattened in the centre, with two obscure ridges ; beak
;d, laterally keeled ; foramen small, round ; deltidium in-
te. Lon. 5, lat. 5, alt. 3 lines.

itula plana, Munster in Cambridffe Museum.

itula pentahedra, id.

itula pentahedra, minor, {Munster) Dr. Braun in British

sum.

itula nana, id.

Oxfordian — Coral Rag. Bavaria.

VLDHEIMIA MaRIJB.

T. comuta, but shorter, truncated, and straight in front.

Itula Marise, D'Orb. 1847, Prod. i. p. 240,
la'as. France.

Fouil. Lid*. Englaad.

46. Waldhbimia Lvcettii.

Shell smooth, lubcircular, ventricose i beak roti
ridges indistinot; deltidium rudiinentaiy, almost
the foramen ; froDt margin slightly waved. Lon. E

Terehratula Lycettii, Dav. .Won. Ool. Brack, p. 44, p
Terehratula numiamalie, ovalit, Queiul. Htutdb. p

f. 27?
Fossil. Lias. Somersetshire; Gennany.

47. Walbhbimia dlobuuna.

Shell minute, circular, ventrieote, smooth ; mi
beak minute, recurved, with short and curved la
loop simple, short. Lou. 2, lat. 2, alt. 1 line.
Terehratula globuhna, Dav. 1847, Ann. Nat. Hii

f. 4 i Mon. Ool. Brach. p. 6". pi. 11. f. 20, 21.
Fosiil. U. Lias, llminster.

48. Waldhbimia communis.

Shell oval, depressed, smooth, ornamented with
loured rays ; margius even, slightly raised in front
moderately convei, with a flattened, rounded lii
depressed at the umho and sides, furnished intemall

BRACHIOPODA. 71

teak laterally keeled; dorsal valve with a longitudinal depreS"

sion in the centre.

tbratulse Carinatse acutse, Buch,

l>ratiilse Impressse^ Quenst. 1851, Handb. p. 469.

1/7aldheimia impressa. B.M.

hell subcircular, polished ; smaller valve flat, depressed in the
He in front ; ventral valve convex ; beak recurved, with la-
. ridges ; foramen minute ; deltidium double ; loop elongated,
cted, lamella very broad ; septum nearly as long as the
s. Lon. 9 or 10, lat. 9, alt. 5 Hues.

rbratula impressa, Buch, 1832, Ueber Terebrateln, Mim, Soc.
^ol, France, 1 ser. p. 226. pi. 20. f. 7, 1838.

Zieten, Wiirt, Verst. p. 63. pi. 39. f. 11.

Davidson, Mon. Ool. Brach, p. 33. pi. 4. f. 8-10.

Quenst. Handb. p. 468. t. 37. f. 36, 37.

kil. Inferior Oolite. Dorset; Cheltenham.
Oxford Clay. Huntingdonshire ; Germany.

^ Waldheimia Bernardina.

Shell like T. pala, but oval-obround, truncated in front,
i^cd in the middle; small valve much depressed, with a
3w in the middle."

sbratula Bernardina, D'Orb. 1860, Prod, i. p. 377-
nl. Oaf or d Clay. France.

? Waldheimia labiata.

hell smooth, round or oval, depressed, truncated in front, or
I the front of the little valve sunk, forming a deep sinus in
larger valve.

ibratula labiata, D'Orb. 1850, Prod. i. p. 377.
lil. Oxford Clay. France.

? Waldheimia Chauviniana.

hell oblong; obtuse in front; beak pointed; small valve
iy flat, the other ventricose.

sbratula Chauviniana, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 344.
nl. Kelloway Rock ? France.

Shell like T. rempinala, but with tlie smair
Terebntuln Riippellensia, D'Orb. 1850, Pratt
FosaiL Coral Rag. France.

'- WalDHKIMIA REBUPINATA.

Shell smooth, oval ; smaller valve with a ilee|
; henk email, incurved, nith prominel
minute ; deltidium wifle, obtiue ; Id
gated. Lon. 1(1, kt. 1-t, alt. 12 lines. j

Terehratula reaupinata. Sow. Min. Con. 1818,1

Pkii Gtol. Forts, pi. 13. f. 23.
Bach, Mfyi. Sac. G^l. France, p. 229. pi. j
flap. Mon. Oal. Brack, p. 31. pi. 4. f. IS
Quenst. Handb. p. 469. t. a?, f. 38.

ToTTubia, Hist. Nat. Hispan. 1773, t. 9. f. 3.

Fosail. lAoi. Britain ; France ; Germany.

56. 7WAL1

), p. 258.1

BRACHIOPODA. 73

?Waldhbimia SUBRESUPINATA.

Like T. resupinata, but with the small valve not ventricose,
marked by a strong, medio-longitudinal impression."

ibratula subresupinata, D'Orb. Prod. 1850, p. 287.
jil. Inferior Oolite. France.

Waldheimia Bajocina.

Like T. subresupinata, but more oval, more attenuated in
t, and without the depression in the small valve."

jbratula Bajocina, ITOrb. 1850, Prod. i. p. 288.
lil. Inferior Oolite. France.

Waldheimia carinata. B.M.

hell oblong, smooth, narrow and slightly truncated in front ;
Uer valve flat, with a central longitudinal depression ; ventral
e convex, laterally compressed ; beak slightly recurved,
ed ; foramen moderate ; deltidium double, rather long ; loop
pie, elongated. Lon. 13-20, lat. 9-17, alt. 5-10 lines.

ibratula carinata, Val. 1819, in Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. p. 25.
Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 35. pi. 4. f. 11-17 ; Ann, Nat. Hist.
June 1850, pi. 13. f. 25.

iil. Inferior Oolite. England ; Normandy.

Waldheimia pentahedra. B.M.

hell pentagonal, depressed, smooth, with numerous imbrica-
' hues of growth ; dorsal valve nearly flat, ventral convex ;
£ prominent, scarcely curved, keeled at the sides ; foramen
ler large, deltidium distinct. Lon. 8, lat. 7, alt. 5 lines.

^ratula pentahedra, Munster, Beitrage, p. 109.

Bronn, Index, p. 1244 (not Ter. pentahedra minor, Miinst.).
ebratula tetragona, Rornier, 1836, Nordd. Ool. p. 52. t. 2. f. 13.

ml. Coral Rag. Saxony ; Bavaria.

Inferior Oolite. Stroud (Brit. Mus.).

Waldheimia subimpressa. B.M.

^hell diamond-shaped, depressed, smooth, with a few strongly
^ricated lines of growth ; edges square ; margins quite even ;
>al valve flat ; ventral valve rather prominent along the
tre ; beak prominent, straight, with strong lateral ridges ;
^en round ; deltidium narrow, solid. Lon. 10, lat. 8, alt. 4^

8.

'bratula subimpressa, var. elongata, Munster \u Cam\yn^«

11

74 BRACHIOPODA.

Terebratula bucculenta? Zieten, p. 52. pi. 39. f. 6 (not So
Terebratula emarginata, Quenst, Handb. p. 471. t. 57. f. 5

Sow,).
Fossil. Inferior OoUte, Bavaria.

63. Waldheimia emarginata.

Shell subrhombic, truncated and indented in front ; 8
Talve flat, sometimes longitudinally depressed in front ; '
valve convex ; beak slightly recurved ; deltidium distinct
men moderate; loop smiple, elongated. Lon. 11, hi. 10
lines.

Terebratula emarginata. Sow. 1825, Min. Con. v. p. 50. ]
I. o.

Deslong. 1837, Soc. lAn. Normandie.
Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 35. pi. 4. f. 18-21.

Fossil. Inferior Oolite. England; Normandy.

64. Waldheimia humeralis.

S%ell obovately pentagonal, widest above the centre,
in front, depressed, smooth ; dorsal valve rather flat; ventr
convex, with an obtuse longitudinal ridge ; beak small, ii
keeled at the sides. Lon. 8, lat. 6^, alt. 4 lines (12^ : 1
Cambr.).

Terebratula humeralis, Rasmer, 1839, Nordd. Ool. ii. p. 2
f. 14.

Bronn, Index, p. 1238.

Fossil. Portland Oolite. Grermany.

65. Waldheimia Waterhousii.

Shell smooth, subquadrate, longer than wide ; sms
concave in front ; beak small, with acute lateral ridge;
dium double; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 9, lat. !
lines.

Terebratula Waterhousii, Dav. 1851, Mon. Ool. p. 3
f. 12, 13.

Fossil. Lias. England; Wurtemburg.

66. Waldheimia BAKERiiB.

Shell smooth, semicircular ; dorsal valve depressed in

die in front; wider tVvaxv long*, ventral valve conve

small, with in^atvnct \a.tew\ yv'^^^*, iot^xckKw. ^\^

touching the umbo oi dot^^i N«\>ife. \ia^« \ A^^*. ^ ^ 's^

BRACHIOPODA. 7^

iratula Bakense, Dav. Mon, OoL Brack. 1851, p. 38. pi. 5.

11.

iratula Heyseana, Dunkerl

I. Inferior Oolite. Northampton (Brit. Mus.).

V^ALDHEIMIA HeYSEANA. B.M.

?ll transverse, somewhat trigonal, winged, smooth ; dorsal
slightly convex, deeply depressed in the centre in front;
id valve more convex, with a prominent central rounded
; beak depressed, curved, sharply keeled ; foramen minute ;
ium triangular. Lon. 5, lat. o, alt. 3 lines.

iratula Heyseana, Dunker, 1847, Pal, i. p. 129. pi. 18. f. 5.

Quenst. Handb. p. 471. t. 37. f. 47.

iratula resupinata, Rcemer, 1836, Nordd. Ool. p. 55. t. 12.

'' (not Sow.),

L. Lias. Germany.

Valdheimia hemisphjbrica. B.M.

ell minute, hemispherical, striated ; dorsal valve flat, or
;ly concave; ventral valve convex; beak recurved, with
lI ridges, forming a small flattened hinge-area; foramen
r large, round, mcomplete ; deltidium plates disunited.
4, lat. 3^, alt. 2 lines.

iratula hemisphserica. Sow. 1829, Min. Con. vi. p. 69. t. 536.

Desk, 1837, Soc. Lin. Normandie.
Davidson, Man, Ool. p. 64. pi. 13. f. 17, 18.
)ratella hemisphaerica, D'Orb, Prod, i. p. 316.

1. Bath Oolite, England; France.

^aldheimia pala. B.M.

ell oval when young, afterwards elongated, and truncated
mt ; sides parallel, straight ; valves smooth, or with a few

of growth near the margin ; margins even ; dorsal valve
with a longitudinal furrow, becoming wide and shallow in

; beak prominent, recurved, laterally keeled ; foramen mi-
; deltidium wide, sohd; internal septum elongated, pro-
nt. Lon. 12, lat. 7» alt. 6 lines.

6ratula pala, Buck, 1843, iiber Terebrateln, p. 115. t. 3.

44 ; M^, Soc. G^ol. Fr, iii. p. 228. pi. 20. f. 9.

Bronn, Index, p. 1244.

Quenst, Handb, p. 469. t. 37. f. 46.

L Alpenkalk, Tyrol.

e i dorsal valve circular, nei
furrow, and indicationa of

IBll^i^^fl

ventral valve couvex ; heak promment, rounded
rated 1)f a nnall foramen. Lou. 5), lat. 4^, all

Terebratida subangunt*, Munsf. IS4], Beilr. iv.\
D'Orb. Prorf. i. p. 204. '

TcrebtHtula preemargmata, KUpst. IS44, p. 22St
D'Orb. ProdA. p. 204.

Foasil. Trias. TjtoI.

72. Waldhbimia anqusta.

Skett small, elongated, oval, smooth ; <

Minvex, impressed in the middle in front ;

rounded, recurved ; foramen small. Lon. 5,

Terebratula anguata, Schl. 1820, Petnf. p
Buck. MAi. Soc. G4ol. Fr. iii. p. 21?. pi
Hunker ^ Meyer, Palaont. p. i
D'Orb.pTod.i.p. 17?.

Fossil. Miuchelkalk. Silesia.

WaLUHEIMIA ? NAVICVLi

Shell oval, boat-shaped, smooth ; donal 1^
at the aides, depressed in front, with a
septum inside; ventral valve c(

BRACHIOPODA. 77

^4. WaLDHBIMIA ? UMBRA.

Shell orbicular, depressed, slightly truncated in front, smooth ;
dorsal valve with a deep longitudinal furrow becoming wider in
BroDt; margins evenly sinuated; ventral valve with an obtuse
longitudinal ridge ; beak very small, reciurved. Lon. and lat. 7,
■It. 3 lines.

3^erebratula umbra, Barrande, IS47, in Haidinger^s Ahhandl.

p.401.t. 17. f. 3.
Atrypa umbra, lyOrh, Prod. i. p. 38.

1^08sil. 17. Silurian. Bohemia.

75. WaLDHEIMIA ? UPSILON. B.M.

Shell subpentagonal, truncated and indented in front, ventri-
cose, smooth; margins even, slightly arched in front; edges
thick, rounded ; valves equally convex, each with two rounded
ridges, separated by a shallow sinus, in front ; beak small, late-
rally compressed, recurved. Lon. 1 1, lat. 10, alt. 7 lines.

Terebratula upsilon, Barrande, 1847) in Haidinger's Ahhandl.

p. 405. t. 15. f. 9.
A^ypa ? upsilon, lyOrb. Prod. i. p. 40.
Hemithyris upsilon, M*Voy, Pal. Foss. p. 207.

Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia; Wales.

76. Waldheimia ? Juno.

Shell oval, widely truncated in front, depressed, smooth ; mar-
sins even ; valves equally convex, slightly sinuated in front ;
beak small, compressed. Lon. 8, lat. /» alt. 4 lines.

Terebratula Juno, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger's Ahhandl.

p. 407. t. 15. f. 10.
Atr3rpa Juno, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 40.

Fossil. 17. Silurian. Bohemia.

77. Waldheimia? CANALis.

Shell oval or orbicular, smooth ; both valves with a deep medio-
longitudinal frurow ; margins even, deeply indented in front ;
hetSi small, recurved. Lon. 6, lat. 4i Unes.

Terebratula canalis, J. Sowerby, 1839, in Murch. Silur. Syst.
p. 611.t. 5. f. 18.

Barr. SUur. Bbhm. p. 410. t. 16. f. 13.
Atrypa canalis, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 40.

Fossil. U. Silurian. England ; Bohemv^i.

78. Waldbbimia7 i

Shell orbirulnr, veDtricme, smooth; moi^ni eren;
equally convex ; edges obtuse ; ventral v&Itc with an 4

Terebratula inelegans, Bammdt, 184?, m Hmdingei't A

p.408. t. 17. f. 1.
Atryps inelegans, D'Orb. Prod. i. p, 38. I

Fa«»il. U. Silarian. Bobemia.

79. WaLDHEIMIA? BFHEMERA.

Skill orbicular. Emooth, Blightly indented in IroDt ;
eren ; valves equally coovex, slightly siniiated in Iron
■mall, recurved. I,on. and lat. 5, aJt. 3} lines.
TerehnitulB ephemera, Barrande, 1347, in Haidinger'i i

I>.408. t. 16. f. 11.
Atrjpa? ephemera, D'Orh. Prod. i. p. 38,
FoBail. U. Silurian. Bohemia.

80. Waldhbimia? Hbcatb.

Sbttl orbicular, slightly pentagonal, amooth ; valvei
mu^m einuous, aligbtly arched in front ; beak small,
nent, recurved. Lon. 9, lat. 10, alt. 6 lines.

Terebratula Hecate, Barrande, 1847, in

p. 409. t. 16. f. 12.
Spuigera Hecate, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 43.
Fossil. 17. Silurian. Bohemia.

81. Waldubihia
Shtll trigonal, smooth, umbonea convex ; margins evei

sharp ; iront very wide, aod like the sidea nearly straigh

very nnal!. Loo. 9, lat. 10, alt. 41 lines.

Terebratula aecuris, Barrande, 1847, «'n Haidinger's ,

p.388. t. 16. f. 1.
Atrypa securis, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 39.
Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia.

82. WaLDHBIMIA? OBOLINA.

Shell transversely oblong, emooth ; valves equally
margina even; edgea shaxp-, heak minute. Lon. 7, U

BRACHIOPODA. 79

Terebratula obolina, Barrande, IS47, in Haidinger*s Abhandl.

p. 404. t. 20. f. 9.
Aliypa obolina, D'Orb. Prod, i. p. 40.

FoMil. 17. Silurian, Bobemia.

83. Waldheimia ? hamifera.

Shell orbicular, convex, smootb, witb very obscure radiating
•triie. Lon. 18, lat. 19 lines.

Terebratula hamifera, Barrande, 18479 in Haidinger's Abhandl,
p. 417. t. 20. f. 9.

lyOrb, Prod. i. p. 43.

Foisil. U. Silurian. Bohemia.

d. Beak round j valves sharply plaited. Eudesia.

Terebratulse costatse, Morris, 1846, Joum. Geol. Soc, p. 385.
Xiadesia (orbicularis). King, 1849, Permian Fossils, 81. 144.

84. Waldheimia Grayii. B.M.

Shell suborbicular, ornamented with numerous radiating ribs ;

libs unequal, bifurcating and intercalating ; colour reddish yellow,

' beeoming deep red at the lines of growth ; dorsal valve rather

jte; ventral valve convex; beak obtuse, with distinct lateral

ndges ; foramen very large, incomplete ; deltidia disunited ; loop

.elongated, reflected. Lon. 14, lat. 15, alt. 9 lines.

Terebratula Grayii, Davidson, May 1852, Ann, Nat, Hist, p. 365 ;

Zool. Proc, 1852, p. . pi. . f. 1^.
Hab, Korea.

85. Waldheimia Beaumonti. B.M.

Shell oval, inflated, ornamented with 12-14 elevated, radiating
piaits, sometimes bifurcating, and crossed by numerous lines of
growth ; valves equally convex ; beak prominent, nearly straight,
pointed ; foramen small ; area concave ; deltidium large, trian-
gular. Lon. 6i, lat. 5, alt. 4 Unes.

Terebratula Beaumonti, D*Arch. 1847, M6n, Soc, G4ol, Fr. ii.
p.331.pl. 21. f. 12-14.
D'OrJ.Prorf.ii. p. 172.

Fouil. U. Greensand. Belgium.

86. Waldheimia Marcousana.

Shell orbicular, ventricose, witb 18-20 ^«x^ T«jKM8SMa%>JssaXj6.\
ndvea equally convex, margins dentated. •, \ie.«^^L ^qtX., ^

80 BKACHIOPODA.

troncated by a moderate, ronnd foramen; dehidiiim triangabr,
distinct. Lon. 13, lat. 13, alt. 8 lines.

Terebratula Marcousana, jyOrb. Ter. Cr^. iv. p. 82. t 50?.
f. 11-14; Prod. ii. p. 85.

Fossil. Keocomian, France.

87. WaLDHEIMIA 8EMI8TRIATA. BJL

Shell angularly ovate or rounded, with 24--30 sharp radiiting
plaits ; umbones smooth ; beak prominent ; foramen modente;
deltidium elongated ; dorsal valve with two elevated ridges or
angles in fit)nt. Lon. 14, lat. 12, alt. 8 lines.

Terebratula semistriata, Defrance, 1828, Diet. Sc. Nat. t fin.
p. 156.

D'Orb. Ter, CrA, iv. p. 83. t. 508. f. 1-11 ; Prorf. iL p. 85.
Terebratula suborbicularis, lyArch. 1839, M^, Soc. Gwl, ¥r,
iii. p. 311.
Leym, 1842, M^, Soc, G4ol. Fr, v. p. 18. pi. 14. f. 2, 3.
Terebratula biangularis, (Desk,) Leym, 1842, Mem, Soc, G4ol.Fr.
V. p. 11. pi. 14. f. 4.

Keuss, Verst. Bohm. Kreid, p. 51.
Terebratula propinqua, Munster MS., Jura, Hildesheim.

Fossil. Neocomian, France; Switzerland.

HS. WaLDHEIMIA RETICULATA.

Shell oblong, inflated, partly smooth, or ornamented with ra-
diating dichotomous striae ; dorsal valve with a sharp central
elevation and two lateral folds ; beak prominent, curved, late-
rally keeled ; foramen moderate, round ; deltidium double, elon-
gated. Lon. 14, lat. 10, alt. 8 lines.

Terebratula reticulata, Pusch, 1837, Polens Pal, t. 3. f. 11 (not

Sow.),
Terebratula Puscheana, RoBmer, 1841, Kreid, p. 114.no. 3.t. 16.

f. 29.
Terebratella reticulata, D'Orb. Ter, Crit, iv. p. 112. t. 515. f. 1-6.

Fossil. Neocomian, France; Poland; Germany.

89. WaLDHEIMIA oblonga. B.M.

Shell oblong, sharply plaited ; plaits 20-40, simple or bifur-
cating, and becoming more numerous by intercalation; dorsal
valve rather flat when young, becoming more convex with age ;
beak rather produced, nearfy straight, with well-defined lateral
ridges forming a fiat area *, ioTwoi^xL entire, slightly truncating
the beak; deltidium dowXA^, ^^XmoX. \jsya.«Vl.^\B^., ^^^. v
lines.

BRACHIOPODA. 81

Perebratula oblonga^ Sow, 1829, Min, Con. vi. p. 68. t. 535.
114-6.

Buck, MSm, Soc. G^L Fr. iii. p. 359. pi. 16. f. 2.

Baaner, Nordd, OoL p. 46. t. 2. f. 23 ; Kreid. p. 39. no. 18.

Davidson, Mon. Cret. p. 51 . pi. 2. f. 29-32.
fferebratellaoblonga, D'Orb, Ter. Cr4U iv. p. 113. pi. 515. f. 7-19.
f Terebratula quadrata, J. Sow. Trans. Geol. Soc. iv. pi. 14. f. 9.

Pioflsil. Lower Greensand {Neocomian). England ; France ;
Switzerland; Germany.

90. Waldhbimia Cardium. B.M.

SheU oval, strongly plaited; ribs broad and sharp, about
eighteen in number, simple or forked ; dorsal valve subcircular,
mther flat when youns ; ventral valve deep, with a large, trun-
cated beak ; foramen large, round ; deltidium narrow, concave ;
loop simple, elongated. Lon. 16, lat. 12, alt. 11 lines.

Terebratula Cardium, Val.in Lam. 1819, An. sans Vert. vi. no. 47 ;
Encyc. M4th. pi. 141. f. 6.
DesUmg. Soc. Lin. Normandie.

Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850 ; Mon. Ool. p. 43.
pi. 12. f. 13-18 ; Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pi. 14. f. 47.
Terebratula orbicularis, Sow. 1829, Min. Con. vi. p. 68. t. 535.
f.3.

Buck, M4m. Soc. G^oL France, iii. ser. 1. p. 160. pi. 16. f. 3.
Bjosmer, Nordd. Ool. p. 46.
Bronn, Index Paleont. p. 1243.
D'Orb. Prod. p. 315.
Quenst. Handb. p. 466. t. 37. f. 31.
Terebratula furcata. Sow. Min. Con. vi. p. 67* t. 535. f. 2
(young).

Fossil. Bath Oolite {Bradford Clay). England ; France.

91. yTALDHEIMlA? AdRIENI.

Shell suborbicular, rather depressed, ornamented with 17-20
sharp radiating plaits ; valves nearly equally convex ; beak
rounded, curved, truncated by a circular foramen; deltidium
distinct. Lon. 9, lat. 8, alt. 5 lines.

Terebratula Adrieni, Vem. Sf Arch. 1845, Bull. Soc. G4ol. Fr. ii.
pi. 14.f. 11.

D*Orb. Prod. i. p. 100.

Fossil. Devonian. Spain; Eifel.

82 iiftAcaioi>ODA«

92. Waldhbimia? prominula.

Shell oblong, rather truncated in front, ornamented wi^
twenty-four sharp radiating ribs ; valves convex, sH^htly flattened
along the centre ; margins dentate ; beak promment, sKf^
curved, truncated by a round foramen ; deltidium elongated, btf*
dered by a smooth space. Lon. 10, lat. 8, alt. 5 lines.

Terebratula prominula, Rcsmer, Rhein. Ut^erg, p. 66. pi. 5. f 3.
D'Orh. Prod. i. p. 100.

Fossil. Devonian, Prussia.

J)3. Waldhbimia? ulothrix.

Shell somewhat transverse, rounded, with 9-11 sharp radiating
plaits; surface ornamented with wavy, concentric Imes, espe*
cially near the margin ; beak small, recurved; aperture rounded;
area small, triangular, distinct. Lon. 6, lat. 7h alt. 4 hues.

Terebratula crispata, Koninck, Descr, p. 292 (not Sow,).
Terebratula ulothrix, Kon, 1844, id. pi. 19. f. 5, note.
Terebratula subcrispata, D'Orb. 184/, Prod, i. p. 161.

Fossil. Carboniferous, Belgium.

94. Waldhbimia? trilatbra.

Shell small, triangular, elongated, laterally compressed, oim-
raented with 18-22 sharp radiating plaits, each valve with a
medio-longitudinal depression ; beak short, acute, straight ; fon*
men minute; area inconspicuous. Lon. 5i,lat. 4^, alt. 2i lines.

Terebratula trilatera, Koninck, 1844, Descr, p. 292. pi. 19. f. 7-
D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 151.

Fossil. Carboniferous. Belgium.

e. Beak elongated ; valves ornamented with rounded ribs. Lyra.

Lyra (Meadi), Cumberland, 1816, in Sow. Min, Con.

Trigonosemus, Kanig, Icon. Sect, (part.) 1826.

? Rhynchora (costata), Dalman, 1828, Vetens, Acad, p. 136.

Hisinger, Letheea Suecica.
Terebratulse rostratae, Morris, 1846, Joum, Geol, Soc, p. 385.
Rhynchoridae, King, Permian Fossils, 81, 141.
Terebrirostra (lyra), D'Orbigny, 1848, Ann. Sc, Nat. Terr. Cri-
iv. t.519.

Dav. 1862, Mon. CTet.i^.^\»

brachiopoda. 83

Waldheimia Davidsoniana.

^hell suborbicular, with a produced, tapering beak; valves tri-
;d, ornamented with simple, radiating ribs, decussated by a
marked Unes of growth ; dorsal valve transverse, with a raised
tral lobe ; ventrsd valve with a longitudinal furrow ; hinge-
nearly as wide as the ^ shell; area triangular; foramen oval,
ill; deltidium elongated, triangular. Lon. 11, lat. 9, alt. 5
s.

ebrirostra Davidsoniana, Ryckholt, 1852, Notice sur les genres
Nautilus, 4-c., p. 10. f. 4-7.

sil. U. Chalk, Ciply, Belgium.

Waldheimia pectinata. B.M.

'hell oblong, ventricose, truncated posteriorly, ornamented
1 rugose, bifurcating ribs; margins toothed, not sinuous;
ml valve convex, with a wide and nearly straight hinge-line,
dshed inside with a very wide cardinal process, and a short,
minent median septum ; crura slender, contiguous ; loop
bly attached ? ; ventral valve deep, truncated by a very large
imen* ; area and deltidium nearly obsolete ; teeth at the angles
;he hinge. Lon. 16, lat. 19, alt. 9 Hues (Morris),

3mia pectinata, Ldnn. 1767, Syst. Nat. iii. p. 1150.

pmites costatus, Wdhlenherg, \%2\,Acta Upsal. viii. p. 62. t. 4.

'ebratula costata, Nilsson, Petref. Suec. p. 37. t. 3. f. 13.
^chora costata, Dalman, 1828, Vet. Acad. p. 136.

Hisinger, Leth. Suec. t. 20.
ebratula lyra, (not Sow.), Dalman; Hisinger; Bronn ;
Torm.
'bratula pectinata, L. Appendix to Morris's Catalogue, p. 216.

lil. U. Chalk. Sweden.

VTaLDHEIMIA LYRA. B.M.

^ell lyre-shaped, straight or slightly curved, striato-costate ;
1 about half as long as the shell, slender, tapering, truncated
small, transversely oval foramen ; deltidium narrow, as long
^e beak, bordered on each side by a narrow flat area ; dors^
^ oval, obtuse in front ; ribs rounded, undulating, simple or
^'^tting, or intercalary. Lon. 27, lat. 10, alt. 7 Imes.

The umbones of both valves are worn, as if by contact with the
> in all the examples in London cabinets {WQadward^

LjTa Mcadi, Cttmberlaiul ( 1816) in Smeerhy's Jfid. Cm. '
Terelintula Um. Soverln/, 1816, dfi'n. Cor. ii. p. a7.I.lS
Lam. An. sans Vert. \i. \i. 255.

♦ SmUk, Strata Identified, f. 3,
iJtfr- '^'f'- '^'^- ^<"- !"'■ P- ISO. pi. 62. f. 7.
DmA. £i>c Miftjk. iiL p. 1029 ; in Xom. e<l. 2. liL p.J
fivci, >/^. Soc. G4ol. France, iii. p. 173. pi. 16. 1 1
Diir'arGfjti. Diet. Umt>. Hitl. Nat. pL 9. f. S, 6.
Trigcraoscmus Ivra, Kimig, Itumes, 1825, p. 4. pi. 6. {. i6,'

Brown, Blusi. Conek. pi. 49. f. 5-13.
Terebrirostra Lyra. D'Orb. Ter. Cr&. iv. t. 519. f. 11-19)'
ii.p. 173.

Danidson, Mon. Crrt.-p. 32. pi. 3. f. 17-28.
Fossil, V- GrfeHsand. England ; France.

m. Waldheimia Ardubnn en-sis.

Shell elongated, depressed, radiaiely ribbed ; rib» iBchoB
irregular, wavy ; beak very lone, often curved ; delCiilinB
uelled. Lon. 24. dorsal valrt 13, lat. 8 lines.
Terebrirostra Arduennensia, D' Orbigny, 1 847, Ter. Cr^. iv.

t. 519.f. 0-10.
Terebratula 1 jra, var. 7
Fos»U. Gault. France.

. Waldheimia Barcesana.

beak moderately produced, tapering, with a very atnal],
foramen; area level, triangular; deltidium tapering, tritij
Lon. 12, lat. 9, alt. 7 lines.

Terebrirostra Bargeaana, D'Orbigny, 1851, Joum. dt Cm
p. 225. pi. 4. f. 2-5.
Dor. Am. Nat. Hist. April 1852, pi. 14. f. 5.

Fossil. Greensand. Santander, N. Spain.

100. Waldheimia Ni

Shell elongated, triangular, depressed, radiately ribbed
dichotomnus ; valves very unequal, the dorsal slightly «
the Tentra,\ vvkt\t a ^txiaybt, W^tvMj^ beak ; foramen smaU
tidium elongated, tnan^Aai. \j<Ki.\ft'Wia,

BRACHIOPODA. 85

Terebrirostra neocomiensis, lyOrh, 1847, Ter. Cr^t, iv. p. 127.
t. 519. f. 1-5; Prod. ii. p. 85.

Fossil. Neocomian, France.

101. Waldheimia? lyrata. B.M.

Shell orbicular, with a prominent beak ; valves convex, orna-
mented with nine radiating rounded ribs ; dorsal valve circular ;
beak produced, tapering, truncated by a minute foramen ; area
triangular, flat, sharply bordered; deltidium triangular, sunk.
Lon. 4, lat. 3^, alt. 2^ lines.

Terebratula lyrata, Munster, 1841, Beitr, iv. p. 57. t. 6. f. 5 c.
FossU. Trias. Tyrol.

102. Waldheimia? Humboldtii. B.M.

Shell obovate, with nine radiating plaits, crossed by a few im-
bricating lines of growth ; middle plait smaller than the next ;
dorsal valve transverse, depressed in the centre, indented in front;
beak elongated, tapering, truncated by a small round foramen ;
area triangular, flat, sharply bounded ; deltidium narrow, sunk.
Lon. , lat. , alt. Imes.

Spirifer Humboldtii, Klipstein, 1844, Beitr. p. 233. t. 15. f. 17.
Terebratula lyrata (part. ?), Miinst. t. 6. f. 5 a, i ?

Fossil. Trias. Tyrol.

103. Waldheimia? procbrrima. B.M.

Shell oval, with a long slender beak ; valves ornamented with
12-13 radiating ribs ; dorsal valve auriculate, with a small pro-
minent umbo ; central rib smaU, occupying a shght depression ;
binge-line short and straight ; beak elongated, tapering, curved,
truncated by a minute foramen (or three foramina when broken) ;
area long and narrow, sharply bounded. Lon. 5, lat. 3, alt. 2i
lines.

Spirifer procerrimus, Klipstein, 1844, Beitr. p. 233. pi. 15. f. 8.
lyOrb. Prod. i. p. 204.

Fossil. Trias. Tyrol.

Tribe II. MAGASINA.

Shell smooth or radiately plaited ; dorsal valve with a longi-
tudinal depression ; hinge-line straight, or only sightly curved;
area usually distinct ; deltidium frequently incomplete ; loop at-
tacbed to the septum of the dorsal voi^e (^^^.%^.

86 BRACHIOPODA.

Mans, Sow, Mim. C(meh, 1816, t. 119.

TerebratuU, § C, Blainv, Diet. Set. Nat. liii. 145, 1828.

Terebratulidse, § 2, Gray, Ann. ^ Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, ii. 435.

Wiegm. Arch. 1849, 98.

Lor^, Arsb. 1848 and 1849, 213, & p. 8.
Terebratulidte, part., et Magasids, part., lyOrb. Ann. Set. Nd.

1847.
Terebratula, Retzius, (ren.

Mr. James Sowerby the elder gives a " partial longitodiDal
septum with appendages attached to the hinge within, as the
character of the genus Magas, which is that of the whole tnbe.
He first pointed out the advantage of studying the internal ip-
paratus, and observed in 1816, " It is much to be wished tl»t
some person would publish an account of the curious interul
appenoages of these sheWs."— Mineral Conch, t. 119.

M. de'Blainville in 1828 (Diet. Sci. Nat. liii. 145) used ^
form of the internal apparatus to divide the Terebratulae into ax
divisions. Section A. " Gripus, Megerle " = TerebratuliiuDa.
B. = Terebratella. C. = Terebratulinina. D. = M^iolia.
£. = Bouehardia. F. = Argiope.

The genera into which the Magasina have been divided depend
chiefly on modifications of the internal skeleton ; these do not
always correspond with the peculiarities of external form, or the
character of the foramen and deltidium.

4. TEREBRATELLA.

Loop elongated, reflected, doubly attached ; — to the hinge-
plate, and also to the longitudinal septum by processes given
ofi^ at right angles from the crura, near the centre of the valve.

Terebratella (chilensis), D'Orb, 1848, Ann. Sc. Nat. viii. 67.

King, 1849, Permian Fossils, 81, 144.

Dav. 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 366 ; Mon. Cret. p. 24.
Terebratulae loricatse. Buck, 1834, uber Terebrateln.

Quenstedt, Handb. p. 463.
Terebratula (dorsata), Retzius.
Terebratella (dorsata], D'Orbigny, Paleont. Frang.
Delthyris (dorsata), Menke, Syn. ed. 2. p. 96.

BRACHIOPODA. 87

Fig. 8. Dorsal vedve of Terebratella dorsata.

1. TXRBBRATELLA DORSATA. B.M.

Shell broadly ovate, somewhat trilobed, whitish, radiately
adged, the lateral ridges more obhque than the mesial ; margins
denticulate ; dorsal valve with a broad and shallow central de-
pieasion ; beak short ; foramen very large, incomplete ; deltidia
mnll, triangular, separate; hinge-area large, rather fattened;
loop elongated, reflected, attached to a central septum. Lon. 14,
ktt. 14, alt. 6 lines.

Anomia dorsata, Gmelin, 1788, S. N. 3348.

Dillicyn, R. S, i. p. 295.
Anomia striata Magellanica, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab, viii. p. 101.

t. 78. f. 710, 711.
Terebratula, Lamk, E, M, t. 242. f. 1 .

D'Affila, i. t. 20. f. A. Da Costa, Ehm. t. 6. f. 7.
Terebratula dorsata, Schum, N. S. p. 133.

L&mk, Hist. ed. 2. vii. p. 331 .

Blainv. Man. Malac. t. 61. f. 1 ; D. S. N. liii. p. 137, 145.

Sow. Gen. Shells, f. 3 ; Thes. Conch, viii. p. 346. t. 68. f. 15,
16, 17.

Kuster, Conch. Cab. vii. p. 22. t. 1. f. 17; t. 2. f. 14, 15.
Delthyris dorsata, Menke, Syn. ed. 2. p. 96.
HtUf. Straits of Magellan.

2. Terebratella flexuosa. B.M.

Shell wider than lon^, somewhat pentagonal, rather gibbous,
pale brown, with prominent, bifurcating, radiated ridges ; mar-
gins sinuated and denticulated ; dorsal valve with a broad, indi-
stinct mesial groove ; ventral valve with a short beak and a wide,
flattened hinge-area; foramen large, incomplete; deltidia small,
separate; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 15, lat. 16
lines.

Terebratula flexuosa. King, Zool. Joum. v. in. 337*

G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch, vu. p. 2A"l . X.lc»^ A.^i.'l^.
/fa3. Straits of Magellan.

88 brachiopoda.

3. Terebratella Chilensis.

Shell transversely oval, slightly gibbous, pale brown, with n-
iliating ridges ; margins creuulated ; dorsal valve with a smoodi,
wide and shallow longitudinal groove in the centre ; beak obtov;
hinge-area large and flattened ; foramen large, incomplete; dd-
tidia moderate, separate; loop elongated, doubly attachei
Lon. 14, lat. 16 lines.

Terebratula Chilensis, Broderip, Proc, Zool. Soc, 1836, p. 134.

G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch, vii. p. 347. t. 68. f. 18, 19.
Terebratella Chilensis, lyOrb. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1848, viii. p. 67.
t. ?• f. 13.

King, Permian Fossils, p. 81, 1860.
Hab. Valparaiso, at 90 fathoms.

4. Terebratella Soverbii. B.M.

Shell rounded, trilobed, rusty brown, with obscure radiatiog
ribs ; margins sinuated in front ; dorsal valve with a broad, kflH
gitudinal, central depression; hinge-area large and flattened;
foramen large and incomplete; deltidia small, disunited; loop
elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 17, lat. 179 <dt. hues.

Terebratula Soverbii, King, Zool. Joum. v. p. 338.

G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch, vii. p. 348. t. 68. f. 20, 21, 22.
Terebratella Soverbii, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 367.
Hab. Straits of Magellan.

5. Terebratella Coreanica. B.M.

Shell quadrangular, smooth, pale brown with crimson rays;
beak obtuse, with lateral ridges ; hinge-area large ; foramen
large, complete; deltidia united; dorsal valve flattish; loop
elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 13, lat. 13^ lines.

Terebratula Coreanica, Adams Sf Reeve, 1850, Zool. Samarang,

p. 71. pi. 21. f. 3.
Terebratella Coreanica, Dav. 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 367.
Hab. Corean Archipelago.

6. Terebratella Bouchardii.

Shell suborbicular, smooth, of a uniform light yellow colour;
beak produced, recurved, furnished with lateral ridges, and trun-
cated by a large, circular and entire foramen ; deltidia united ;
hinge-area slightly concave ; dorsal valve depressed in the centre
in front ; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 14, lat. 13,
alt. 8 hues.

Terebratella Bouchatdii, Damdsou,!^^'^, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 367;

Proc. Zool, Soc. ^. -V^. .i. V-^.
Had. ? (Mus. Cuixmi^.^

Tbrkbra'tbi.i

B.M.

Shell rouniied, trilobed, gibbous, smootb, yellow-red, deeper
I the lines of growth ; maj^ins siniuted in front ; dorsaJ vaJve
^■^"" k central, longitudinal furrow ; heak rather produced, blunt ;
aen large, nearly complete; deltidia large, separate j loop
JDngaSed, doubly at^clie<l. lion. 12, lat. 11 lines,
rubicimila, Solander MSS. Mua. Banks.
bratula rubicunda, Donoitan, Nat. Rams. t. 56. f. 2-4.
G. Sow. Thes. Conck. rii. p. 361. t. 70. f. 4^7-
Daeidton, Ann. Nat. Hm(. 1S52, p. 367.
fcrebratula inconspjeua, G. Sow. Thes. Conch, vii. p. 359.

r. 102-iai.

ab. New Zeulaud.
. Terbbratrlla cruenta.

I Skell rounded, veutricosu, omttmentcd with radiating, dicho-
oiu ribs, orange-red, deepest at the lines of growth ; ma^ns
ulated; dorsal valve nith a ceotriLl, lougitudinal depression ;
[ eomewhat produred, kternl ridgce distinct; arua lai^,

iiiejl ; foramen large, complete ; deltidium large i loop elott-

Bted, doubly attached. Lon. \8, lat. 19, alt. 12 hnes.
ipai aan^neus. Humph. Calonne Cat. (not described).
mia saiigiiineo,Sofanij(r MSS. {Humph. Cat.) (not Chemniti).
ibratula sauguinea. Leach, Zoot. Mine. t. 76.
Lam. An. mm Verl. vi. p. 243.
Vonooa.,. Nttl. Repos. t. 34.
mia cruenta, D>7/io. S^n. p. 295, 1817.
JBRbrttula rubra. Sow. Thes. Coneh. pi. HB. f. 9-11.

bnttuta Zelandica, Deshayes, 1830, Mag. Zool. 1841, 1. 4!
Sow. n™. Concft.vii.p. 361. t. 72. f. 111-113.
^biMella Zelandica. Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 2
infi. Cook's Straits, New Zealand, in 16 fathoms.

8heU transversely ovate, thin, smooth, slijchtly minkled I

Hi of growth, pa[e hom-ealoUE'; mai^us flexuous; dom

dve deeply dcpreised in the centre in front ; ventral valve with

flbtiue beak, perforated bj a laree, incomplete foramen ; area

He and flattened ; deltidia smSLlI, distant ; loop elongated,

Mbl; ittacbed. Lon. 14, lat. 17 hues.

Ferabratnla transversa, G. Somerby, Thet. Conch, vii. p. 361 . t

f. 114, 115.
Bn^ratella transvera, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist.\Wi'i,i

■*" -? COab.Mr.Nor

I

ho- ^^

BRACHIOPODAf

10. TEREBRATGLLA Rl'SKLI-A.

Shell QVid, poiuuilat the beak and truncated id tot, tmuli
red-yellow. mth (Lvei^ng raya of bright red; iloraliilHlil
a slight central depression in front ; beak recurvvil ; Im^HB'
narrow; roramen small; deltidia lurgc, uniled; loopElingnii
doubly attached, Lon. 10, kt. 8, alt. Q Unes.

Terebratula rubella, G. Sowerfij, 1846, Thes. CowA.ra.]

pi. 6a. f. 10-12.
Tercbnitella nibella, Dnc. Ann. Nat. Hist. 18S2.
Hob. Japan. (Mus. Norris, Cuming.)

11. TbBBBRATELLA BAKGUINEA.

Shftl Ruborbicular, slightly notrhed in jiont, pile n
with bright red, spotted rays ; margins slightly linnMei L .„
dorsal viiive rather depressed in front ; beak Bhort,Tidia|wiH
with well-defined lateral rii^a ; perforation moderati. Mmft
deltidia rather large, united ; area broad and irell de&ieJvl
elongated, doubly attached. Lon, 5, lat, 5J, alt, 3 liiiits.
Anomia songuinea, Ckeranil;:, Conch. Cab. viii, p, %■ I

f. 706,

Dillwt/n, R. S. p. 29.^, 1817.
Anomia sanguinolenta, Gmelirt, S. N. p. 3347-
Terebratula aanguinca, Sim. Ties. Conch, vii. p. 35?.

f. 71, 73.
Anomia cruenta, Solavder MS. in Mus. Banks.
Terebratula cruenta, Donovan, Nat. Repas. t. 56. f. 1. ^
Terebratula erythroleuca, Qaoy &■ Gaim. Voy. Astrol. iii, p-SK

t. 85, f. 8, 9.

Dfsh. in Lamk. Hist, ed, 2. vii, p. 360.
Terebratetla sanguinea, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 3liS.
Hab. Philippines, attached to coral.

13. Terbbbatella frontalis.

" Shell suborbicuiar, ratlier solid, calcareous, rousfc, "t^ '
gtilar lines of growth and teaaellated with microscopic doB,!
yellowish ; tdves equally convex ; marginal line stnigbnik
tire ; valval valve produced posteriorly, slightly recurvei'S
truncated by a large foramen, cardinal area narrow; dondt
suborbicuiar or transversely oval, without any median ft"
loop elongated, doubly attached."
Terebratula fionta^s, Middendorf, 1349, Maine, ftwios

p. 618 {M6ii. Acod. Petersh. ScSat-NA.
Ha6. B. coaata o£ &e& dl O^exAi^-

^KRB BRAT ELLA LaBHADi

bH ovate, produced at the beak, wbitiah, with obacure ladiar J
ribi ; dorsal vnlve ucnrly orbiciUar, flsttiah ; ventral valve I
-^ prominent beali. perforated bv a lai^, entire foramen j|
Lium rather Im^e ; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. Jj^
a alt. lines
»»atula Labradorenais, C Smcerby, The$. Conch, v

^KBEBftATELLA SPITZB!

cil iiiihII, oval, elongated, saaolh, pale hom-colonri valves
n equally convex, raftrgina even ; dorsal valve slightly de-
ed in front ; beak produced, recurved, obscurely keeled j
Oen moderate, incomplete ; dcttidium of tn-o distinct elon-
l plates i loop elongated, reflected, attached new the e:
of the prominent central septum. Lon. 4, lat. 3, alt. 3 f

bmtetla Spitzbei^usia, Daridson, 1853, Proc. Zool. Soc.
' Spitzbergen. (Mus. Cuming.)

Fkbbbratella i'[;aiLLA.
IteU small, thin, nearly circular, depressed, smooth ; area-J
I i forameu lar^e, incumplete; deltidia rudimentary. Loiuf
lat. ^1, nit. 1 hne. ■

bntula pusiila, Fhilippi, \M4, Fogs. Tert.Allem.'p

PSRBBRATELLA SaYI.

>«U orbicular, depressed, ornamented with about eleven ra- |

ag plaits, crossed by a few conspicuous lines of growth near

'XMrffin ; plaits strong, lometimea phcated near the edge ;

■1 tJvc rather flat ; ventral convex; benk scarcely prominent;

Kmoll and flat ; foramen small, incomplete ; deltidium rudi-

;«ry. Lon. 9, lat. 9, alt. 6 lines.

bmtula Sayi. Morton. 1829, Joum. PHlad. p, 76. pi. 3. f. 5. 6i

i*34. Syn. Crel. Group, p. 71 . pi- 3. f. 3, 4.

tirMuia plicato. Sag, 1830, Ataer. Journ. ii. p. 43.

brUelU plicflta, D'Orb. Prod. u. p. -Ib^.

Ig Ciea . New Jer»cy, U.S^

92 brachiopoda.

17. Tbrbbratklla Vanuxkmiana.

Shell suborbicular, ornamented with unequal ndiatmg ibi
each valve with a central furrow, bordered by more promiMBi
ribs; beak not prominent; area widely triangular; fannfli
large ; deltidium mcomplete. Lon. 8, hA, T, alt. 4 Hues.

Terebratula Vanuxemiana, Forbes, 1844, Proc. CreoL Soe. p. 306

(fiffured).
Terebratella Vanuxemiana, UOrh, Prod, ii. p. 259.

Fossil. Chalk, New Jersey, U.S.

18. ? Terebratella Parisiensis.

SheU small, round, very inequivalve, ornamented with bnni
keeled, dichotomising ribs.

Terebratella Parisiensis, UOrhigny, 1850, Prod. ii. p. 259.
Fossil. Chalk, France.

19. Terebratella spathulata. BX

Shell smooth, with concentric lines of growth ; ventral nhe
semicircular, strongly curved, truncated at the hinge-line, toodirf
at the angles ; dorsal valve nearly flat, smooth, oblong, rounded
in front ; hinge-line straight, as wide as the shell ; dental sockets
at the angles of the hinge-line; cardinal process obtuse; hinge-
plate broad, divided into four concave spaces ; median septus
narrow ; loop (indicated at the hinge and septum) doubly at-
tached. Lon. 10-15, lat. 10-12, alt. 8-10 lines.

Anomites spathulatus, Wahlenberg, 1821, Act, Ups. viii. p. 6i

t. 4. f. 10, 11.
Terebratula sj)athulata, Nilsson, Petr, Suec. p. 35. t. 3. f. 15.

Bronn, Index y p. 1251.
Rhynchora spathulata, Dalmany 1828, Vet.Akad, p. 136.

Hisinger, Leth. Suecica, t. 20.

Fossil. Chalk, Sweden; Belgium.

20. Terebratella Davidsoniana. BJC.

iSAe// wedge-shaped, semicircular, truncated at the hinge-line;
surface ornamented with lines of growth and radiated with pw
minent punctations; dorsal valve flat, with a narrow mesial fold;
hinge-line straight, bordered by a plate with four cavities (ftr
the pedicel-muscle) and with a small dental pit at each angle ; »
single prominent septum in the middle : ventral valve a simpk
bent plate, with a naitovj TcitsvaX. ^wssfc«xl«uallY,^ a slight wosr
cular ridge inside, and «l tooXXv «X «»x3tL «sv^^ <5^. ^^^sO^^sigsi^
Lon. 4, lat. 6 lines.

BRACHIOPODA. 93

shora DavidsoniaDa, Koninck MS,
xchora minima, id.

- Chalk. Ciply, Belgium.

SREBRATELLA PECTITA.

fll subcircular, or somewhat pentagonal, plicato-striated ;
^0-60, increasing by intercalation; dorsid valve slightly
X, longitudinally depressed in the centre in front; hmge-
early as wide as the shell, almost straight ; area distinct,
riangular ; foramen moderate ; deltidium double. Lon. 10,
, alt. 6 lines.

ratula pectita. Sow. Min. Con. 1818, ii. p. 87. t. 138. f. 1.
Lam. An. sans Vert,
^rongn. Env. Paris,

Lam. An. sans Vert, vi. p. 255. no. 46 ; ed. 2. vii. p. 343.

~ ~ ?, pi. 9. f. 3.
Defr. Diet. Sc. Nat. iui. p. 159.
3uch, M6n. Soc, G4ol. Fr, iii. p. 168. pi. 16. f. 12.
RflBwier, Kreid. p. 40.

iratula pectinata. Smith, Strata identified, 1816, f. 4.
.ratella pectita, D'Orb, Ter, Cr^t. iv. p. 120. t. 517. f. 16-20.
Dav. Mm, Cret. p. 26. pi. 3. f . 29-33.

I. U. Greensand, England; France.

^EREBRATELLA VeRNEUILLIANA. B.M.

ell circular, ornamented with about 15 unequal, sharp,
;ing plaits; valves nearly equally convex; beak scarcely
d ; area short, wide and flat ; foramen large, circular ; del-
n complete, double. Lon. 6, lat. &i, alt. 3 lines.

»ratella Vemeuilliana, Davidson, April 1852, Ann, Nat, Hist,
14. f. 4.

L Greensand, Santander.

^erebratella canaliculata. B.M.

ell ovoid, ornamented with 12-14 radiating and bifurcating
I ; dorsal valve semicircular, convex ; ventwd valve produced
ft long straight beak, truncated by a large foramen ; area
and flat ; deltidium elongated ; loop reflected and doubly
bed. Lon. 5, lat. 4, alt. 2^ hues.

sratula canaliculata. Reenter, 1840, Kreid. p. 41. no. 30. pi. 7.

I.

D*Archiac, M6n. Soc, G^oL Fr, 2nd ser. ii. p. 331. pi. 21.

f. 16.
bratella canahculata, D'Orh, Prod. ii. p. 173.
brirostra canaliculata, D'Orh. Prod. ii. p. 173.

I U, Greensand, Westphalia; BeV^um.

26. TSKXBBATKLLA UaKSAMA. I

Shell traiiByerscly ovate, depressed, rsdiatq
Tcide, Dearly EJmple, angutnr ; ventral vajye Q
centml furrow ; area nide, faramen stubU, delti
dorsal valve ratber flat. Lon. 6, lut. 6, alt. ^
TereliratellaMoreanB. jyOrft. 1847, Ter. I

f. 13^19.
Fosail. Gault. Fmnce.

26. Terebratella Menardi.

Shell aubriinilar, trilobed, truiicated or I

the beuk. ; valves oniBmented with abarp, biiid

6 or 7 on the mesial fold and 6-12 on eachj

close imbrinttine lines of growth ; area tria^

foramen large ; oelcidium small, indented; at

minent. Lon. 5i, lat. 7. alt. 4 lines. \

Terebratula Menardi, Valencietmei,l8l9, Hi]

vi. p. 266. ao. 50, j

Be/r. Diet. Sc. Nat. Lii. p. 160. |

Bach, MAi. Soc. Oeol. Fr. iii. pi. 17. f-

Morris, 1846, Jtmm. Geol. Soc. p. 334.|

Dan. Ann.Nal. Hist. June 1850, pi. 1^

TeiebnLtelLi JUeuaidi. COrb. 2>r. (^aJKj

BRACHIOPODA. 95

Xbeeled; foramen small; complete ; deltidium double. Lon. 11,
INU 10, alt. 4 lines.

^^^erebratella neocomiensis, D*Orh, Ter. Cr4t. iv. p. 115. t. 516.
f. 1-6.

Ibssil. Neocomian. France.

S8. Terebratella pectunculoidbs. B.M.

Shell suborbicular, witb seven broad and sharp radiating plaits ;
.. imrCftce ornamented with lines more acutely angulated than the

Jfaies of growth, which are regular and distinct, especially near

. ^he maj^in ; margins deeply dentated ; beak short, truncated by

^ large round foramen ; deltidium incomplete ; area sharply

' ^kordered ; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 8, lat. 8, alt. 5

Bnet.

Tetebratulites pectunculoides, Schlotheim, 1820, Petr. p. 271-
.Terebratula pectunculoides. Buck, M4m, Soc. G4oL Fr, hi. p. 179.
pi. 17. f. 1.

Querist Handb. p. 464. pi. 37. f. 24, 25.
jiTerebratula tegulata, Schl. Petr, p. 269.

Zieten, Verst. Wurt. p. 58. pi. 43. f. 4.
sbmtula plicata, Bors, 1825, Mem. Tor, xxix. p. 299. t. 1.
£ 17 (not JLam.),

Coral Rag, Germany.

'^ 5S9. Terebratella loricata. B.M.

Shell trilobed, radiately plaited; plaits numerous, imequal,
fiwdculated, imbricated by numerous lines of growth ; mesial
lobe prominent; hinge-line as wide as the sheU; beak mode-
ntely prominent, truncated by a lai^ foramen ; area flat, sharply
bordered ; deltidium incomplete. Lon. 5, lat. 5, alt. 3 lines.

TerebratuUtes loricatus, Schlotheim, 1820, Petr. p. 270.
Terebratula loricata. Buck, M6m. Soc. G^ol. Fr. p. 183. pi. 17. f. 5.

Quenst. Handb. p. 464. pi. 37. f. 19.
Terebratula truncata, Zieten, Verst. Wurt. p. 58 pi. 43. f. 6

(not Sow.).
Fossil. Coral Rag, Germany.

90. Terebratella subpentagona.

Shell subquadrate, ornamented with 10-11 radiating plaits;
dorsal valve flattened, slightly depressed in front ; front trun-
cated; hinge-Une wide and rather straight; beak short and
\ wide; area flat; foramen small ; deVtidium diOiviN^) c»i&l'^^\r..
^ Lon. 7h lBt» 6, alt. 4 lines.

96 BRACHIOPODA.

Terebratella subpentagona, Koch, 1837, Beitr. zur ICow. OsL |Tr]
p. 21.pl. l.f. 8.

D'Orb. Prod, i. p. 221.

Fossil. Lower Lias, Germany.

I.-

5. TRIGONOSEMUS.

Shell plaited, beak produced, ciirved, with a narrow afnol
foramen ; area large, triangular, flat, marked by the outiine d
the flat deltidium ; cardinal process very prominent.

Trigonosemus (elegans), Konig, 1822, Icones Foss. p. 3. f. 73<

Davidson^ 1852, Mon, Cret. p. 2S,
Delthyridffia (pectiniformis), M'Coy, 1845, Griffith's Irish Cmk

Fossils (unpublished).
Fissurirostra (recur\'a), D'Orb. Ter, Cr&. iv. p. 133. t.520; Ji^

Sc, Nat. 1848.
Fissirostra, D*Orb. 1849, Cours Elem. Pakeont, p. 89.

1. Trigonosemus elegans. BJI.

Shell oval, striato-costate ; striae 30-40, often intercalated;
dorsal valve slightly convex, longitudinally depressed in front;
beak much produced, rather recurved; area very large, trian-
gular, nearly flat ; foramen small and narrow, apical ; loop elon-
gated, reflected, doubly attached ; cardinal process very promi-
nent. Lou. 11, lat. 9, alt. 5 lines.

Trigonosemus elegans, Konig, 1825, Icones Foss, p. 3. pi. 6.

f. 73.

Davidsotiy Mon. Cret. p. 29. pi. 4. f. 1-4.
Terebratula elegans, Defr. 1828, Diet, Sc, Nat. liii. p. 157.
Terebratula recurva, id. p. 161.
Fissurirostra recurva, elegans, et pectita, D*Orb, 1847> Ter, Cret.

iv. p. 133-136. t. 520.

Fossil. Chalk, England (Norwich) ; Belgium (Ciply) ; France.

2. Trigonosemus pectiniformis. B-M.

Shell trapezoidal, depressed, radiately ribbed; ribs straight,
dichotomous ; ventral valve elevated in the middle, depress^ at
the sides ; beak recurved ; area nearly as wide as the shell, deep,
sharply margined; deltidium triangular, flat; foramen minute,
apical ; dorsal valve triangular, depressed in the centre ; cardinal
process prominent ; loop elongated, reflected, doubly attached.
Lion. 6, lat. 6, alt. 3 \me«. •

Terebratulites pectixnfoxans, ScKlotlie\m,\'^\'i»,Tast>iXi.-T«L.^ >^C^«

4. p. (>52. t. 3H. f. 5.
■, Kreid. p. 41.
Qaenst. Handb. p. 453. t. 37. f. 14 (not 12, 13).
--■-ratula Hilaeana, Ramter, Ool. ii. p. 20. t. 1?. f. 'J ;
. U. Chalk. Maestrieht.

PALIBSII.

ibioulsr, depieascd, lodiately plaited ; pluts ni
big ; marnng erenukted ; d'ursal valve slightly a
^in front jTiiiige-line curved, unrrower than the shell ;

■a large

UlgulBT

teliratella Falissii, Woodward, 1852, Mm. Brit.

losemus pulehellua (not NiUson), Dav. Ann. Nat.
e IBSO, pi. 15. f. 4 (ineorrect).
tebratula pulehelk (port.), Qwnat. Handb. t. 37. f. 12,
.Upper Chalk. Ciply, Bel^um.

■jwborliiculsr. depressed, radlatel}' pitute J ; plaits
m i dorsal valve ahghtly coii<!ave, truncated at the hii
^wnfra/ valve convex, with tt prominent, incurved anil

leak; hinge-area large, trianaular, coucave; t'oratnen apical,
; deltidium large, triangular, flat ; loop elongated, re-
ted, attached to a septum which reaches the opposite valve.
B. 7i lat. 6, alt. 2 lines.
^bratula pulchella, NHsson, 1H27, Felrpf. Sues. p. 36. pU-
{. 14. '

Rtrmer, Kreid. p. 41.
Dalman, Vel. Akad. p. 139.
wnl. U]^er Chalk. Sweden.

TvlODNOaBMUS INCETITK8.

8keB elongated, ovnl, striated ; valves almost equally
■k produced, rounded, moderately recurved ; area triangidar,
oeaily flat, short ; foramen small, oval ; deltidium bordeting a
null portion of the foramen; atria: about 34, frequently
1, and deeuasaMd by numerom, fine, concentric '■ —
of growth. Lon. 4}, lat. 4, alt. 21 lines.
Tngonoaemus incenus, Daindaon, Mofi. CTri.^.'^\.^.\
~ ~ Imeer Chalk (Cr<ue okhrHiii). ChiA,' ^

Eiumm

I

hii^j^^l
sharp- I

ca],

re-

Iv e. I

I

!>R

BBACHIOPODA.

6. liAGAS.

Shell ^ith a reflected loop attached near the hend to a to
prominent central leptum (^gs. 9-12).

Magas, Sawerb^f I8I65 '^m. Con. u. p. 39. t. 119.

Dav, 1852, Mon. Cret. p. 19 ; Jim. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 37

irOrb, Ter. Cr^. 1847, iv. P. 54.
Terebratulae spiriferuuB (part.), w^efut. Haudb. p. 476.

spinti
£. 1,

Terebratula, £.1, Bktinv. Man. Malac. p. 512.

Figs. 9 & 10. Magas pwmila.

Fig. 9. Fig. 10.

,-0

Fig. 9.— Interior of donal valve.

Fig. 10.— Section of both valyes : «. septum ; /. loop ; 0. oral processes.

Figs. 11 & 12. Magas Evansii.
Fig. 11. Fig. 12.

Fig. 1 1 . — Section of dorsal valve.

Fig. 12.— Front view of inte

In M. pumila the reflected portions of the loop are not unit
and the deltidium consists of two narrow plates bordering

angular foramen.

1. Magas crenulata.

Shell suborbicular, pale horn-colour, with radiating ribs; u
gins erenulated ; beak alioxV,, ^^i!^\V^ xfe^<wAR.^\ Vsss\<^^area la
and ^ttened; forameii \ax^, Ti'fc«xVj «jpm^^\fc% ^>!di&i^^\

^>ai«te ; dorsal vnlve depressed in the centre ; loop elongated.
onbly attached ; central Beptiim more or less elevated, some-
unes touching the opposite valve. Lon. "J, lat. 7> alt. 4 lines,
rerebratula crcnulatK, G. SoKerby, Thes. Conch, vii. p. 358. t. 71.

f. 96, 97, 98.
Iferebratella crenulata, Dar. Ana. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 368.
ab. Santa Cruz.

Maoas Evansii.

Shell subovate, with a fen unequal, bifurcating ribs, pale red ;
lak tapering, slightly recurved, with well-detiaed lateral ridges;
runen incomplete I deltidia small; areaflattened; dorsal valve
ther flat ; loop elon^ted, doubly attached ; aeptiitn produced,
!«rly touching the opposite valve. Lon. 4, lat. 3J, alt, IJ lines
«g>. 11. 12).

r«Mbratelhi Evanaii, Davidson, 1852, Ann. Nat. Hisl. p. 3fi8 ;
■^ Proc. Zool. Sac. p. . pi, . f. 7-9.
ob. New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming.)

MaGAB CUMINGII.

Shell oval, thick, smooth, white, slightly tinged with red ; beak
■odnced, tapering, slightlv curved, grooved to the summit ; area
BwiBiilar, concave ; dcltidium obsolete ; dorsal valve with a
■omment muscular fulcrum ; loop doubly attached ; eeptum
lerated, reaching the ventral valve, Lon. 5, tat. 4, alt. 2} lines.

vebratella Cuming, Davidson, 1B52, Afm. Nat. Hisl. p. 3CiS ;

Proc. Zool. Soc. p. . pi. . f. 10-16.
Bab. New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming,}

L HaGAB FUHtLA. U.M.

Shell oval, smooth, ornamented with radiaring coloured bands;
mal valve nearly flat, or slightly concave ; ventral valve deep,
irith a well-defmed hinge-aren ; beak recurved ; foramen minute ;
lehidium rudimentary, Lon, 4, lat, 3, alt. hnes (Sgs. 9, 10).
|C«gw pumila, Souiertj), 1818,Min. Cob. ii. p. 40. t. 119, f. 1-5-
■^ Pari, Org. Rem. p. 22?. pi. 7- 1. 14. Jfl

Bronga. Bm. Parit, pi. 4. f. 9. ^H

Drfr. Did. Se. Nat. xxviU. p. 13. f. 1. ^M

Bronn, Leth. Gtog. p. 662. pi. 30. f. 1. ^|

COrft, in Murch. Russia, a. p. 495. pi. 43. f. 27-30; Ter.

Cr^.iv. p. 54, ul.501,
Bovchard $- Dav. mil. Soe. Qiol. FVance,'^
ld.2.f.l-U.

100 BRACHIOPODA.

Magas pamila. Sow, Ties, vii. p. 62. pi. 1. f. 7-9.
Dav, Ann, Nat. Hist v. pi. 15. f. 2, 1850.
Quenst. Handb, p. 476. t. 38. f. 15.
Magas tnmcata. Rose, in Woodw. GeoL Norf, t. 6. f. 9.
Magas magna et punctata, Woodw. Synopt. Table, p. 22.
Terebratula concava, Lamarck, 1819, An, sans Vert, tL p. 251.
no. 26.
Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. v. June 1850.
Desk. Lam. ed. 2. vii. no. 26.
Terebratula (G.) magas, Blainv. Man. Malac. p. 512. t. 54. f. 1,

1825.
Terebratula pumila, Buck, M4m, Soc, G^ol, France, iii. Ist ser.
p. 216.pl. 19. f. 5.

Fossil. Chalk. England; Belgium; France; Russia.

5. Magas orthiformib.

Shell semicircular, wedge-shaped, depressed, ornamented witb
obscure, imequal radiating plaits, crossed by distinct lines of
growth ; hinge-line straight, nearly as wide as the shell ; donal
valve flat; ventral valve convex, truncated at the beak; area
flat; foramen a wide, angular notch, bored by the deltidia.
Lon. 4, lat. 4^, alt. 3 lines.

Terebratula orthiformis, D^Archiac, 1847, M^. Soc. G461. Ft.

2 ser. p. 333. pi. 22. f. 4.
Terebratella orthiformis, UOrh. Prod. ii. p. 173.
Orthis millepunctata, Koninck.
Magas orthiformis, Dav. Monogr. Cret. Brack, p. 22.

Fossil. U. Greensand. Belgium.

7. BOUCHARDIA.

Shell with a minute foramen at the apex of the beak ; delti-
dium sohd ; apophysis anchor-shaped, the central septum bdng
furnished with two short lamellae.

Terebratula, § E, Blainv. D. S. N. Uii. 145, 1828.
Bouchardia (rosea), Davidson, Bull. Soc. G4ol. France, 1849;
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 372.
King, Permian Fossils, p. 81, 1850.

lerAb; a, idducl

The great muscular impressions in Producta, which correBponil
p theie retractor scars, have been mistakea for points of attach-
"" of the peduncle,

r. BOUCHAHDIA TDLIPA. B.M.

Shell oblong-oval, rather depressed, thick, smooth, pale rese-
ll, with darker rays ; margins eren ; beak rather produceil,
Cnught ; perforation very sm'all, entire ; hinge-area rather iride ;
Idtidia united ; dorsal valve oval, flattish ; cardinal fulcnim
dga. 13, 14).

perebratuls tulipa, Blaim. Did. Set. Nat. liii. 144, 1S28,
petebratula rosea, Maw?, latrod. Conch, t. . f.

Sow. Gm. f. 4 ; Tkea. Conck. vii. p. 35?. t. 71. f. 74-77. ]i

Desk, in Lamk. Hint. ed. 2. vii, p. 350. ^m

King, Ana. ^ Mag. N. H. xviiL 34. 38. 1846. ■{

^achvrfaynchuB roseua, King, Permian Fossils, p. 70. ^^j

ttuciardja rosea, Daoidnon, BuU. Soc. G&l. France, 1849, pi. 1.

f. i-e.

King, Permian Fossils, p. 81.
Oab. Brazil (Rio, 13 fathoms, J. M'GiUivray). ,

7". WALTONIA?

8ke!l oval, smooth, punctate; valves convex; mai^ns si-
BtlHted ; beak truncated by a large, incomplete foramen i deltiilia
■eparate ; loop reduced to two simple lamcllie, furnished with
MM processes, and attached to a prominent central seijtuin..

rVaienciennu), Dap. 1850, An». Not. Hwl. ■>!.-%. »a"=,
f. 373.

WoWontfl differs frorn TerfbraitUa in wanting the rtflMtii j
portion of tlie loop ; it may, possibly, have been broken witf j 1
only one minuCiB spedmen is knotm.

1. Waltoma ValBnciennii.

Slull gmsU, oval, reJ, smooth, with the nmrgin &Dbriit«d,tti
plaitB radiating in front, diverging at the aides; dorssl nlic I
neaity flat ; ventml valve convex ; beak prominent ; fonm I
laf^ and incomplete i deltitlia disunited. Lon. 2(, UL2,t!L |

Waltonia VRlencieimii, DocniboR, 1650, Ann. Kat.likt.)A.^

f. 1 ; 185i;, p. 3/0.
Hab, New Zealand (Mus. Paris).

8. MEOERLIA-

Shefi transvergely oblong, with a wide and rather tlni^
hinge-line ; hkr distinct ; foramen incomplete j loop rather iliK
reflected, triply attached, — once to the hinge-plate, and titinto
the septum, by processes from the crura and also from tbcR-
flected portion of the loop (fig, Ifi).
Terehratula, § D, Binint). Diet. Sci. Nat. liii. 145, 1B28.
Hegetlia (tnmcata), A'ln^, ISdO, Permian Fossils, 81. 145.

Dav. 1862. Ann. Nat. HUt. p. 369.
Ismenia (pectunculua), King, Perm. Foss. 81. 1-42, IB50.
Orthia, ap., Philippi, Moll. Sicil.

Kingena (hma), Davidson, 1852, Man. Cret. p. 41. f. 5, 6.
Terebratuls expansai, Morris, 1846, Jaum. Geo/. Soc. p. Wi.
Terebratulie anuulifenc (part.), Quenst. Handb. p. 462.

Megerlia truncata.

The Jfn^erlitf often reaemble Argiope in shape, Bad in having

* Loop doubly attached. Megerlk.

B.M.

5Af U transversely oblong, or sulmbiculBT, witb a lon^ straight
hinge-line, horn-coloured, with very fine radiating stna: ; bSik
tmncated ; hinge-area flat and wide ; foTHmen large, incomplete ;
dellidia minute, separate; dorsal valve nearly flat, slightly de-

R1 in front ; interior of both valves spiuulose ; loop short,
attached, and giving off from its reflucltid jtortion tivoj '
I processes to the central septum. Lon. 6, lut. 9 Ij
S.16).
WcA. t. 4G2. f. 23.
1 tnincata, lAnji. S. N. W 52.
j)oni,3fM. 118. t. 6. f. U.
Ckemaiti, Conch. Cab. riii. 90. t. 77- f. 701.
Gmetiu, S. N. 3343.
DUbo. R. S. i. p. 292.
Poli, Test. SieU. p. 191. t. 30. f, 16, 17.
Paltas, Misc. Zool. t.
Terebmula, Lamk. E. M. t. 243. f. 2.
Terebratula tnincata, Retz. Noc. Gen. p. 14.
Lamk. Hist. vi. p. 24? ; ed. 2. vii. p. 333.
Soa. Tlies. Conch, vii. p. 3fi4. t. 71. f. 64-67.
De Bach, Mem. p. 66.
Blaiuv. D. S. N. Uii. p, 139.
PhiUppi, Moll. Sicil. 1. p. 95. t. 6. f. 12.
Qaaut. Handb. p. 462. t. 3". f. 10.
Torebratella truncata, JTOrb. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1848. i

1. 7. f. 11, 12, 16. 37.
Terebratula monstrotti, ScaceAi, Oit. Zonl. n. p. 1.
An nul ill disculu«, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 184. t. 14. f. 1 fljt
Terebratula (D.) discului, Biainv. D. S. N. Uii. p. 138.
Orthii truncatn, Pkiiippi, Sieil. ii.p. 69.
Megerlia tnincata, Ktng, 1850, Pmnian FoisiU, 81. 145.

Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 369.
Terebratula oblita, Michelotti, Brack, p. 4.
Orthis obliCa, JlicA. Faun. Mioc. p\.2. {.2\.

104 BRACHIOPODA.

Megathvris obUta, IT Orb. 1852, Prod. iii. p. 134.
HaS. Mediterranean, on corals, at 60-105 fathoms.

Fossil. Miocene. Turin; Gibraltar; Malta.

Terebratula irregularis, Blainv. D. S. N. liii. 140= ? Terebntola
ostracea, Blainv. D. S. N. liii. 145, is perhaps a variety.

** Loop trebly attached. Ismenia.

2. Megerlia pulchella.

Shell oval, pointed at the beak, smooth, whitish, with a few
radiating red Imes ; margins rather flexuous ; foramen large, in-
complete; deltidia small, separate ; area indistinct ; dorsal val?e
flattened ; loop small, trebly attached. Lon. 3, lat. 2, alt 1
line.-

Terebratula pulchella, G. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vii. p. 360. pi. 71-

f. 105-107.
Megerlia pulchella, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 369.
Hah. Philippines ; Cocos Island.

3. Megerlia pectunculus. B.M.

Shell pentagonal, with seven corresponding ribs to each valve;
ribs une(jual, projecting beyond the margin, four large and three
intermediate smaller ; both ribs and interspaces ornamented with
regular squamose lines of growth ; margins even ; beak short,
truncated by a large foramen ; deltidium incomplete ; loop small,
trebly attached. Lon. 6, lat. 7> alt. 4 lines.

Terebratulites pectunculus, Schlotheim, 1820, p. 272.
Terebratula pectimculus, Buchy M4m. Soc. G^ol. Fr. iii. p. 188.
pi. 17. f. 1*.

Quenst. Handb. p. 466. t. 37. f. 23, 25.
Terebratella pectunculus, D'Orb. Prod. i. p. 377*
Ismenia pectunculus, King, Permian Foss. 81 . 142.

Fossil. Oxford Clay. France.

Coral Rag. Bavaria ; Wurtemburg.

4. Megerlia lima. B.M.

Shell orbicular or slightly pentagonal, smooth, or minutely
granulated; dorsal valve nearly flat; ventral deeply convex;
beak short, recurved ; foramen moderate ; deltidium rudimentaiy)
concealed ; loop rather long, attached to the median septum by
crural processes and a\so b^ ^toee.'asft^ from the reflected and ex-
panded termination. L»oii. § , \a-^- ^ > ^^- ^ Xxas.^,

BRACHIOPODA. 105

Terebratula lima, Defrance, Diet. Sc, Nat, 1828, t. liii. p. 156.

lyOrb, Ter, CrA, iv. p. 98. pi. 512. f. 1-5.
Terebratula pentangulata. Woodward, Geol. Norf, 1833, pi. 6.

f. 10.
Terebratula ventro-plana, Rosmer, Nordd. OoL p. 51. t. 2. f. 7-
Terebratula Hebertiana, D'Orb, 1847, Ter, Cr^t, pi. 614. f. 5, 11.
Terebratula spinulosa, Morris, 1847, Ann, Nat, Hist, xx. p. 253.

pi. 18. f. 6.
Terebratula sex-radiata, J, Sow, 1850, Dixon*s Geol, Sussex,

p. 348. pi. 27. f. 10.
Kingena luna, Davidson, Mon, Cret, p. 42. pi. 4. f. 15-28 ; pi. 5.

f. l-A.
7 Terebratula arenosa, Deshayesii, subconcava, et subarenosa,

D*Archiac, 1847, Mem, Soc, G^ol, Fr, ii. pt. 2.

Fossil. GauU, Upper Greensand, Chalk, England; France.

*** Doubtful species,

5. Mbgbrlia? Wacoensis.

Shell subpentagonal, ventricose, smooth ; margins even, firont
straight ; dorsal valve convex, with indications of a long internal
septum ; ventral valve gibbose ; beak obtuse, recurved, laterally
keeled ; foramen small and round ; deltidium distinct. Lon. 9,
lat. 8, alt. 6^ lines.

Terebratula Wacoensis, RoBmer, 1852, Kreid. Texas, p. 81. t. 6.
f. 2.

Fossil. Chalk, Guadaloupe.

6. Mbgerlia? ovata. B.M.

Shell oval or elongated, depressed ; surface ornamented with
minute, wavy, spinulose strise ; dorsal valve nearly flat, with a
central depression in front, increasing with age ; ventral valve
Donvex ; beak produced, nearly straight, lateral ridges distinct ;
Foramen moderate, circular ; deltidium small, complete. Lon. 19,
lai. 13, alt. 11 lines (large specimen).

Terebratula ovata, Sowerby, 1812, Min, Con, i. p. 46. t. 15. f. 3.
Davidson, Mon, Cret, p. 47. t. 4. f. 6-13 (not Mantell, Geol,
S, Downs, 1822).
Terebratula lachrymosa, D*Orb, 1847, Ter. Cr4t. iv. p. 99. pi. 512.

f. 6-11.
Terebratula Keyserlingi, D*Arch.

Fossil, Upper Greensand, Englaxid*, Yiv^e^.

106 BKACHIOPODA.

7. MbOBRUA.? ABCriLTA.

SheU otbI, attemialed poctoiorij, ali^tly tnmcatc d in front,
ornameiited with dircrgiiig spimikMe stnie ; donal Til?e gibboot
at the umbo, deprcaed in frrait ; beak pointed, Canmen mbmte,
dekidxum elongated, triangnlar, donbk. Lou. 5, ht. d|, alt 3

lines.

Terebratola arcoata, Reemer, I&IO, NordeL Kreid. p. 44. t. 7. f. 18.
Brmm, Index, p. 1229.

Fossil. Neocoimas (Htfscoa^foMerale). Westphalia.

8. MkGKRLIA ? RUGUL08A. BJf •

SkeU oblong, front margin truncated or slightly indented, nl^
fsce minutely wrinkled; donal valve convex, sometimes de
pressed in fit>nt; ventral valve deep; beak rather prodneed, li-
teral ridges obscure; foramen larpe, circular; deltidiumsimdl;
loop ? Lon. 11, lat. 8, ah. /lines.

Terebratula mgulosa, Morris Sf DaMsom, 1847> Atm, Nat, Hilt.

XX. p. 253. pi. 18. f. 5.

Dav. Man. Cret, p. 49. pi. 4. f. 14.
Terebratula disparialis (part.), IT Orb. Ter. Cr^. 1847, iv. p. 100.

pL 512. f. 12, 13 (not 16, 17, which represent T. 8qua$nosa).
Fossil. U. Greensand; Chalk-marl, England; France.

9. Megerlia? Verneuili.

Shell oval, elongated, depressed, ornamented with squamose
lines of ^owth and diverging spinulose striae ; margins slightly
flexuose m front ; beak produced, nearly straight, truncated br
a large circular foramen ; deltidium elongated. Lon. 5, lat 3,
alt. 2 lines.

Terebratula Verneuili, D'Arch. 1847, Mem, Geol. Soc, Fr. ii.
p. 326. pi. 20. f. 4.
D'Orb. Prod, ii. p. 172.

Fossil. U, Greensand, Belgium.

10. Megerlia? NANA. BJL

Shell small, orbicular, depressed, smooth, with obscure radiating
furrows, and numerous lines of growth near the margin; wxut-
tation conspicuous ; dorsal valve flat, with a strong internal me-
dian plate ; ventral valve convex ; beak rounded, much recurred;
foramen small ; deltidium concealed *. Lon. 6, lat. 5i, alt. 3}
lines,

* Three species YiaviTi^'VjfteiTv %«ii\.'wvJi>tv^v^\SLiWBA^hy Dr. Braun,tlie
description is taken trom t\ie s^^Qme.tk.\» ^\M2^l\^^fc^3ifeilSi^

r^bratuta Dana, Milnster, Bair. p. 48. ^^^H

Braun, Bair. p. 44. ^^^^H

Amner, Nordd. Ool. p. 52. t. 2. f. 20. ^^H

Srann, Index, p, 1242. ^^^^|

Eloatil. Oxford Clay. Bavaria. ^^^^|

II. Mggbrlia? Dbslongchampsii. ^^^^I

Skeli small, oval, rather depressed, cohered viith minute tubu-
V ujieritiea, between which the pimctations are visible; mar-
^even; frunt truncated; heali pronunent ; foramen moderate,
MOmplete; deltidia separate. Lon. 3i, lat. 3, alt. H lines.
Berebtatula Deslougcbampsii, Davidson, June 1S50, Ann. Nat.

Hist. pi. 15, f. (i.
ftMl. Lias. Nonunndy.

|ft. Mbcbblia? hippopub. B.M.

'. SAe/J ovate or rounded, inflated, amootb ; valves unequal, the
Bntral largest, ventricose, with a short recurved umbo ; foramen
n^; deltidinm triangular; dorsal valve convex, with a deep
tedio-longitudinal depression. Lon. 14, lat. 14, air. tO lines,
rerebratula hippopus, Bfaaer, 1841, Kreid. p. 114. t. IG. f. 28.
iJ-Orfi, Ter. Mt. iv. p. 85. t. 508. f. 12-18.
Geinitz, Kreid. p. 8/.
retebratula resupinata, Pusch, Polens Pat. a. 23. t. 4. f. 6 (not

So».).
^oanl. Neocotnian ; Chalk. France ; Belgium.
See also Terebratula irregularis, Blainv. D. S. N. liii, 140=Ter&^^_

bratula ostracea, Bltann. D. S. N. liii. 146, J^^H

9. MORRISU. ^

$A«/f with a laree foramen, encroaching equally on both valves ;
rentrftl valve with a small, straight area; loop not reflected.
~~lited to a small forked process in the centre of the valve ;

rurture coarsely punctate (fig. 18).

Anifnai nith siinuoid anus, destitute of spiral I
:•!!■ !?)■

IComiiia (apprcssa), Dav. 1852, Ann. Naf. Hist. p. 371.
^^ ■■ " , sji., Pkiiippi, 1844, Molt. Skit. a. p. 69,

BBACHIOPODA.
Morritia attomioide*.

I. MORRIBIA

Shell minute, circul&r, depresBed, smooth, olive-^ieen, tniu-
lucent ; foramen targe and round, encroaching equallj on tntb
valves ; area of ventral vbItc chiefly occupied hy the foramen;
deltidia rudimentary ; doraal valve deeply notched at the umbai
loop consiating of two simple plates (crura) attached to thendn
of the umbonal notch, and to a central, bifurcated process. Lou.
l.lat. U, alt. 1 line {lat, 3 lines, Porftes) (figs. 17, 18).
Terehratula anomioides, Seaechi.

Phitippi, Moll. Sidl. ii. p. 69. t. 18. f. 9, 1844.
Terebratula appreaaa, Forfie*, l844,Brit.Assoe.R^mrt on Egtta

Moll. p. 167, 193 (read 1843).
Morrisia seminulum, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 371 (not

Ter. seminutwm, Phil,),
Morritiia anomioides, Dao. 1852, -Proc. Zool. Soc. p. . pi. .

f. 29.
Hab. Mediterranean, at 95 fatlioms.

2. MORRISIA LUNIFERA.

Shell minute, suhcordatc, compressed, front mai^ sligfallc
indented ; area moderate ; internal skeleton consistifig of a semi-
lunar plate in the centre of the dorsal valve. Lon. and bt. U

Terebratula lunifera, Pkilippi, 1836, Moll. Sicit. i, p. 97. t. fi.
f. 16 (not Sovj.j.

Onbis lunifera, Pliilippi, Moll. Sicit, ii. n. 69.

Argione Forhesii lasa.l, DaiJ. Axm.. 'Sat, Hwi..lii.a.^\an.,-,,3y.

Hm. MediternmeRTi.

3. Hdrbisia?

Shell smaU, orbicular, depressed, gmaoth, with a few obscure
]iaet of growth, densely puuctate and ornamented with radiating
nwB of minute pobta ; dorsal valve convex, with an ohtiise loo-
l^tudinal ridge ; beak not prominent ; foramen large, ineomplete ;
VUdium rudimentary. Lon. 5i, lat. 5 hues.

IWebratulB eusticta. Fhilippi, 1836, Moll. Sieil. i. p. 98. t. 6. f. 9.
Orthis eusticta, Pkil. ISM. Moll. Sicit. ii. p. 70. ^

FPoaail. Pliocene. Palermo. ^1

10. KRAUSSU. ™

Skeli suhcircular, with a nearly straight hinge-Une ; beak
' iBcated ; foramen large and round ) deltidia small, disunited ;
'k laterally keeleil ; hinge-area flat ; dorsal valve longitutUuHll]'

la (rubra), DavuUon, 1852, ^nn. Nai. Hist. p. 3
dintulK annulifene (part.), Qaenst. Handb. p. 463.

Fig. 20. K. Lamarckiaita.

The brachial apparatus of Kraussia Lamarckiona (fig. 20} ii
Uke that of Terflratula and Terebralella, but the arms are un-
Hauallv small in the apecica exB.miued, and their Iringes do not
«StencL more than hndf waj' towards the border of the shell;
tftey are lupiiorted aolely hy the small forked proceas above
deaeribed, no other part of the apophysary system being caldfled.

1. Kkal'seia kubra. B.H.

Shell suborbieular, ornamented ivith numerous, radintiog rib«,
t bifurcating, or augmeming Vi voVwcAs^Ssm -, wJissa*
and handaof growfti ; dorsul ouVceV — '"■" '^^'*"
kdeprcnae'd in the centre, inEtoBt,&mvi&\wA"w'

■ mtbre

L TXJi^-'L ■■"- ■* Jiui-JK -asanikti ic the estRmities; vmtral
-nu* iK^rv. -tmoke iixupr-icea due exaaamdked upon bv the large
uraxac*! i>~rr"iriTiTw omiL aLcompLeCe. Loii.ll, lit 1%

1

s^a^Tnui -n-ara. ?'ii*'<cr. irT«i- l&ic. .2jo^. t. 1-L £. 2, 11.
ia1u'.=:a <CTaia ? 3. TiNSk Jii'ww'rr. 17^- vin. p. 94. t. 77- f< 703.
x^*j:r.-x -aukasBSw r^ariiit. '."Vr. 5- 3r. p. 3347-

Su^K .?. *. . 1. iL*i.
r*~OTCi:a -uink. Bidinr. D. S. S. liiL p. 13S, 1S2S.

>« '"lesf. .'jiwT. -rL z, li*. t 10 zioc 9 i llj.
" -£^>raniiA -■aimrsk JL-nn. :*acaf^. Jfbff. p. 32. t. 2. f. 10 (mot

i.'Tuis'sa -non. JiirtiiMni. Jna. >~i^. Hut. 1:^92, p. 370.

i. '!Li^ .><<•: % :-jii.'«.^rk. BJi.

>'«'.' -ruwxuuiiii. "vimuit:*! Ji ^rmic. pale hom-coloar, with ob-

H."Lr^ ttuLicuir <rx wiik iiinxa«:. i:«iilected ; hinge-azeaimill;

j«?«(>Riiiuu ar^. nL-jmnLete : ie'rira fnalL tnangulir ; doml

;uv« -h&cr.Mi. ttiu i wiurc^innal ."^ncnl depreason; apophviii

Turr^*, 'jpij*i. -jh. ". . .ar. >. iJ:. 4 lisei.

.' "ci:.^ x-iuiiuu ."ruuLUir*. 7i*rnit. C C. 'rzL p. TS. t. 76.f. 6SS.

•-Kill,:- ■- uiiLidT^* "IT. r^.V-c it. ?. :. -::. iS5.

V;»^'.'rtru-a .".-^lar.!. -- 5-. irr'^w, r^<;tf. Lj«c.i. tu. p. 346. t. 6?.

S.'ii" I. III. .Vjr. i- cv. ".T^r. 1. 4-74.

'vnu>«uk .-Jiri^iuu. r»*r!ti«>rt. J. 1.1. >'k". Hiit. 1^52. p. 370.

s. aLcv _ s;*:.^ ??sv'4 B.M.

>-ir*'* "HJia^vvr^iv jv'iR. 'T'li.'oei. •v:xi!i cbacnre nuiiadng ribs.
>i::riL:'- >:iiiii«si . 'jiarr-ti* 3iiuu.^«Iv vTrfaaJiEed. deeply nniuted
.ii '2r-:az . *j«aA jiiii-iciv -jp:c.ui:ti«L oocise : foraznea Laz^. inoom-
;jit:te . it:ir.aju ^uiiiil : j-nzTf-arrfiL small: dorsxl valve with i
rucncr scriL^ric Jiu^f^-^e in.d i i^r 'Mineral loogitudinal furrow :
i[A:pii''^ts .-^ucrul. r^jri^iL Leo.. 4i.. lac. 5. alt. 3 lizws.

Tcrrjoriniji 'jisum. yii'fnc-en.ies, t/i Ltunarck. Hist. IS 19. ed.-.

G. 3. Sjif. Tleaf, C;;/i<.".i. v^. p. 34o. t. 69. f. 37, 3S, 39.
K»u5sia piMirn. Dttv. Jtn. Sic. HiM. 1^52. p. 370.
Terebnuula N^icalezisizjc Kr-ntsf. Siuidfr. JJ-^IL p. 33. t. 2. f. II-
KUstvr^ S-THti CoAcft. v-i. ig. V. vl. i. -t-T -
Queiut. H'lndb. p. a6",5. t. i" . i. W.
^*^. S. Amca uoc Svdnie^" -

IF — = — ~
Ekaubsia Aloobnsis. B.M.

" Shell BuborbiciilHT, slightly acuminated behind, rather lolicil
front, whitish, radiately striated; mesial ridge distinct, roiind-
^''inh ; perfotatton large, incomplete ; margin vety minutely cre-
.IHilEted." Lou. 5^, kt. 6 lines.

■Tbrebratula Algoiinsia, G. Sovwby, Tkes. ConchMi. p. 362. t. 91-
f. 91, 92.

Dav. Aim. Nal. HUt. 1852.
Hoi. Algoa Bay (fionerbank).

(Founded on a single ventral valve, which is scarcely different
ftom 7*. pisam.)

&. Kraussia Lamarckiana. B.M.

Bhelt suborbiculsr, striated nith fine, bifurcating ridges. light
,9flllow; hinge-area nell-deiincd, flat ; foramen lai^, incomplete;
^eltidia small ; dorsal valve with central longitudinal groove ;
apophysis central, bifurcating; margins of the valves thickened
^■^tt^naAy and spinulose. Lon. 3, lat. 3, alt. H Hnes (fig. 20).
~ Terebratella Lamarckiana, DamdsoK, 1852, Arai. Nat. Hist. p. 370;

Proc. Zool. Soc. p. . nl. . f. 2i, 23.
Hab. Sydney, Australia ; New Zealand.

6. Erausbia Dbsbaybhii.

Shell Euborhicular, railiately ribbed, reddish brown, with sue
red rays ; beak rather produced ; foramen moderate, incomplete ;
deltidia separate ; dorsal valve depressed in the centre ; apophy-
■u central, forked. Lon. 6, lat. Gi lines.
TerebratidBCapenBi9,.}(fam«, ISSO.Znof. S(iniaran9,p. ^I.pl. 21.

f. 4 (not Chmlir,). .

KrauBsia Dcsbayesii, Domdson, 1852, Ann. Nal. Hist. p. 370.i^h
Hab. Cape of Good HOpe, at 120 fathoms. H

Order H, CRYPTOBRACHIA.

Oral arms sunk into grooves in the convex centre of the in
surface of the ventral valve.
Cryptobrachia, Gray, Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. ii. 1848, p. ■ISS ;

Wiegm. Arch. 1H49, p. 98 ; and tkis Cut. p. 8.
Brachiopodes cirri dea (CirrbidK), part., D'Orb. Cour. Elem, Pa-

fronf. p. 80, 1849.

M.Pa- 1

Shell tnnirenelj oblong, or seinicircuUr, amooth, ot ant-
mented with correBpondiDg ribt, strongly punctate ; hinge-Ene
wide; raar^iLB even ; dors^ valve depressed; ventral valve btm-
cated at the beak -, area flat ; foramen lar^, rounded ; delCidnuD
rudimentary ; interior of dorsal valve furnished nith one or mnt
prominent, aubmarginal lepta (Sk- 21-23} ; loop originating tt
the hue of the dental lOckets, and folded into tvio or more loba
occupying the interspaces of the r&duting septa, to which thn
adhere on their inner sides.

Ammal with oral arms united by membnuie, forming sdiA,
and folded so u to form two or four lobes ; mantle exteodiiii
to the maipn of the valve and closely adherent (fig. 21).
Terebratula, $ F. (& D. part.), Blainv. D. S. N. liii. 146, 1828.

Gray, P. Z. Soe. 1847.
Argiope (decoUata), Desl. 1 842, Jf(m. Soc. Lm, Normand. im.

Dav. 1852, ^nn. Nat. Hitt. p. 372.
Megathjris (decoUata), ffOrA. 1848, Ann. Sc. Nat.

Forbei 4" HanUy, Brit. Moll.
Orthis, sp., Fhilippi, Moll. Sicil.

Hagenov), Neuts Jahrb.
Terebratula, sp., hajaarck.
Aigiopidw, King, Permian Foss. 81. 142.

Fig. 21. Argiope decollaia.

in tl« rtaiTKOt^

" Loopfour-lobed,
[. Arqiopb dbcollata.

Argiope.

B.M.

Shell transversely aemidrculBr, with a few, smooth, obtuse,
ribs, which correspond in eiicb valve; colour pale
iwn; niare;iua tbickeneil interuolly; hinge-line straight, as
le u the shell ; ventral valve deep, truncated by the wide and
: hinge-area ; foramen a wide and deep notch, bordered by the
limentary deltiilia ; dorsal valve fumiahed interiorly with three
five radiating septa, and a four-lobed loop attached to the
ita, and sometimes blending with the shell in their inter-
loes. Lon. 4, lat. 2}. ult. U lines (figs. 31, 22).

decoUata, Chemnitz, Conch. C. viii. p. 96. t. 78. f. 705.

DiUa. R. S. i. p. 292.

nia detruncata, Gmelin, S. N. p. 3347-
rerebratula, Lamk. E. M. t. 243. f. 10.
IhrebrHtulu decolUta, i>e«ft. in Lamk. Hut. ed. 2. vii.p. 35!

Smii. TSfls. Conch, vii. p. 356. t. 71. f. 68, 69, 70.
fvebratula detruncata, Blmnv. D. S. N. liii. p. 141, 1828.

Pkaippi, Moll. Siinl. i. p. 96. t. 6. f. 14 o-A.
Uegathina detruncata, lyOrb. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1S43.
Ferebratula aperta, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. hii. 144, 1828.
Terebratula dimidiata, Scacchi, Oas. Zoot. ii. p. 17-
Terebratula cardita, Risso, E. Merid. f. 180? 1826.
Terebratula urna antiqua, Risso, Eur. Mer. f. 177, 1826.
Terebratula squamata, (Eickw.) Bronti, Leth. 1837, p. 908.
Eichwald, 1862, Leth. Rats. p. &4. t. 3. f. 12 (ia
figured 7).

Orthis detmncuta, Philippi. Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 69, 70.
'Areiope detruncata, Dmongcharuvs, Mim. lAn. Soc, Normaad.
■• . 1, 1639. _

decoUata, Dap. Ann. Not. Hist. 1852, p. 373,
lediterranean, on corals, 45-105 fathoms.
FCMsil- Pliocene. Calabria.

Miocene, Gibraltar C J ftjB^.SctttfttiJU^iJ^il;

■* Loop twa-lobed. Cigtell* (Groy),

2. Aroiops cunbata.

Shell very amiiH, tranaversely Hubquadrate, with t Cev obmt

radiBting ribs ; colour pale, iritb the interspaces of the ribi bii^

red ; interior of dotssl valve with a single, ceatral septum n^t

two-lobeil loop. Lon. 3, lat. 2i lines.

TcrebrBtula cnneBta, Ritto, Eur. Mertd. f. 179. 1S26. .^_
Blainv. D. S. N. liii. 146. ^1

Philippi, Mr^. SicU. i. p. 96. t. 6. f. 13. ^M

Sow. Thes. CoTtck. p. 35B. t. /I. t. 83, 84. ^M

AnotDiu Pera, Miiklfeldt, Berlm Getell. i. p. 205, 1829. ^|

OrthU Pcra, Philipin, Moll. Sieil. ii. p. 69.

TereliratulB Soldanittna, Risso, Eur. Mfrid. f. 178. 1826.
Biamc. D. S. N. liii. 146.

1852, p. 373.

e Neapolitasa.

Shell minute, pale brown, tranalucent, smooth, or ohscnnh
ribbed ; beak produced and pointed ; area narroir ; foramen itK/,
bordered bj' the deltiilia; dorsal valve Bubquadrate, slightly loM
in front ; martini thickened internally ; Beptum single, centnl;
loop tmo-lohed. Lon. 2, lat. '2 lines (fig. 23).
Terebratula Neapohtaoa, Scacchi, Ois. Zoal. ii. p. 18, 1833.
Orthia Neapolitana, Philippi, Moll. Sicil. ii. p. &J.
Terebratula seminulum, Phil. Molt. Sicil. i. p. 97. t. 6. f. 15 {U:

G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch, vii. p. 356. t. 71. f. 87, 88.
Terebratula lunifera, G. Sow. Thus. Conch, t. 71- f. 86,86(i«il

Phil.).
Argiope Forbesii, Daridstm, Ann. Nal. Hist. May 1852, p. 3/1
Argiope Neapolitana, Dav. June 1S52, Proc. Zool. Soe. p.

pi. . f. 24, 25.
Hob. Mediterranean, in deep water (GO-IOS fathoms].
Fossil. Pliocette. Tarentum.

4. Argiopg I

Shell minute, smooth, horn-coloured, globular, truocaled cr
ahghtly indented in front; beak prominent; foramen large ;dd-
tidiH nnrruw ; interior of dorsal valve with a single mediu f
turn and a two-lobed loop. Lon. 1, lat. 1, alt. lline.
Terebratula cisleWviU, SearUs W'jDO.,\'wa, A-™i.,ViiS,Hi»(.a.
M^athyriBCi8tellviia,iVbe8^Haiil<i|.BTiV.*l.ii»MKa.^^vK.^

Lrgiope cistellulft, Dav.Man. Tertiaiy Brack, •part 1. p. 10. p
I 13 i Ann. Nat. Hist. 1862, p. 373 ; Proc. Zool. Soe. a.
__pl. .f.28. '

Hak. Zetland, in 40 fatlioms (M'Andrew).
Pomal. Miocene. Suffolk (Searles Wood).

B. AbGIOPB? PIJSILLA.

Sielf minute, obtusely aubcriangular, depressed, smooth; dor
valve tranaversely oblong, depressed in front ; ventral valve with
a prominent beak; hinge-line straight, netkrly as wide as the
■hell (area dat; deltidium large, triangular, aCriated transversely

ipical!?). Lon. 1 fine.
Terebratula pueilk, Eichwald, 1852, Leth. Ross. p. 65. 1

Brantt, Index, p. 124^ (not Sme. or Philippi).
Terebratula pygmica, (Eicha.) Braan, Leth. p. 908 (not S(

Fossil. Miocene, Volhynia.
Ai^ope cistellula, variety of?
6. Aroiope dbcbmcostata.

Shell minute, somewhat pentafconal, omsimented with

a corresponding ribs ; larger valve deep ; area as wide ss the
ifaell, deep, triangular i foramen lai^e; deltidia narrow, mdi-
mentajy ; dorsal valve rather flat, iumiabcd internally with a
single elevated, central septum {aiid a very fragile two-lol
loop. Saess). Lon, 1, (at. 1, alt. i line.
Terebmtula decemcostata, RaraeT, 1840, Nord. Kreid. p. 41 .

f. 13.

Srortn, Index Pat, p. 1334.
Aj^ope decern eostata, Dav. Man. Cret. p. IG, pi. 3. f. 1-13.
Terebmtula Duvnlii, Dav. 1847, CAarlesmorlk's Journal, p, 1 13.

pi. 18. f. 15-18.
UtsathiriB cuneiformis, D'Orb. 1847, Ter. CHt. p. 147. pi.

f. 1-11; Proii. ii. p. 259.
Fo«wl. Chalk. Sweden; England; Belgium; Germany; F[

Transylvania.

7- Akgiocb Bkonni.

Shell minute, cimciform, depressed, with eight a
ribs to each valve; urea wide and distinct;
Imh. '2, lat. 3, alt. 1 lines.

Ortbia Bronni, Hagatow, 1843. Neiies Jahrbach, p. 543. 1
Terebratula Bronni, Rianer, Kreid. p. 41.
"r-oHii, Jiidsr, p. 1231. .
(Siali. Riigen, BaltU

Tcrebr&tuk Bucbii, Bromt, Index, p. SH^^

FoMiL Chaik. Ru^en. '

9. TArgiope depbeeba.

Shell trausverae, depressed, radiately 10-rii4
narrow ; tbIvge une^iiu, tbe ventral convex, tt
triangulM, narrow. Loa. 2, lat. 3 lines.
MegathyriB depressa, D'Orbigny, 184?, Tl^J

t. 521. f. 12-16.
Fosail. Chalk. France.

10. Abgiopb hirundo.

Shell minute, quadrate, depressed, side aai
dented 1 valves witli two diverpug ribs; beti
large. Lon. and lat. 1 line.
Orthis hirundo, HagenoiB, 1842, Neiiei Jahrba
Tercbratula birundo, Broun, Index, p. 1238.
Fossil. Chalk. Rugen.

Fa,m. 2. THECIDEIttS

Shell thick, punctate, rounded or oval, maa
uttnched by the umbo of the ventral valve, or L
fte. ISi '^Ol Ob vaha n&tr ii l( ifjlfmii

imoi; — Mantle extending lo llie margin of the Tiives,
y adherent) orni arma t^loagated, folded upon themselves,
_ d with long cirri on their outer margina, and supported bj
Kbimplicatcd shelly loop (r "^^

E (part.), Menke, Syti. ed. 1, p. 56,
a (part.), Menie, Sj/n. ed. 2. p. 96. 1830.
DJK (Les Cranies), part., F&iisa. Tabl. Syit. p. 33, 1821.
wJdeidK, Qray, Syn. B. M. 1842, 85. 92.
' '(eidiE, King, Permian Fossils, 81. 142.
ia;, D'Orfngny, Ann. Set. Nat. 1848.
hrachia. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1848, v
EjrlobnLchia (part.). King, Permian Fossils, 8
--'-' EC (Thfode'es), Desh. Ency. M&h. i ' '
' i, Agassit, Nomen. 1847.

Tbeci.lea (radiftta), D^. in Fer. Tahl. Syst. 38, 1

Blaiav. Matt. Malac. 51(>. 629. 1825; Did. Sri. j

p. 434, 1828.
Rissa, Europ. Merid. 3
Thecidittin, G, B. Sowerfty, Gen- jot, 1844 i Thei, Coneh.ya.Va
Terebratula, Favjas, Mont SI. Pierre, t. 27. f. 9.
Terebratula, sp., Lamk. Hist.
1. Thbcidium Meditbrbaneum.

Sketi vaaM, pale jellow, smooth, subquadraU, Hligbtlf bilobri
ID troDt, attached by the produced and pointed beak ; hinge-ira
trianguLtr, smooth; margiiiB thickened and gmDulated inUi-
nnlly ; brachial septum 3-lobed ; loop rudimentai^, 4-ldML
Lou, 6, Ut. 4i lines (fiK- 26).

Thecidea Mediterranea, Blatnc. Man. Malae. 629, 1825; DW.
Sri. Not. liii. p. 434, 1828.
Desk, in Lamk. Hist, ed, 2. vii. p. 348 ; Ency. M&k ni

p. 135.
Risso,EKr. Merid. iv. f. 183 (had).
Phitippi, Moll. Sicil. i. p. 99. t. 6. f. 17 ; u. p. 70.
Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 374.
Thecidium Mediteiraneuiu, Saw, Gm, f. 6, 7 ; TSes. Coneh. li

p, 371. t. 73, f, 30-32.
Thecidea testu^nan^.MichelolH, Brack, p. 5; Prfc. Faun, j)^
pi. 2. f. 26. '

ThecidiEtt apondylea, Scaechi, Cat. 8. f. 7-10,
Ha6. MeditetranUBU, KttejKlied U oatuU.
..FomL Mioame. Tufui.

S: Thbcidium W&thbrelli. B.M.

n

Shell sootevihiA jieutagonul, slightly indented in front, smooth,
ittarhedby the beak or whole surfajieof the Tentral valve i hinge-
area n»iTow ; deltidiiun large, triangular, elongated ; interior of
iRTger valve furrowed by close, granular, longitodinal stnK ; donal
valve with a single deep curved sinus on each aide ; cardinal pn>-
Beai liu^; margin minutely grasiiluted. Lou. lat.
rhecidea Wetherelli, Morris, 1 851. ^nn, Nat. Hist. pi. U. f. I-

Diwidsm, Man. CrH. Brack, p. I-I. pi. I.f. 15-26.
Fosail. Chalk. England (attached to ah ells and EchSiids).

3. TB&CIDIUM PtTMII.L'M.

Shell nearly drcular, fi'ee, ornamented with diverging, inter-
nipted, grannlar ribs; dorsal valve eircular, flat, furnished in-
ternally with a broad granular border ; loop 5-7-lobed, the lobes
augmenting regularly &om the centre outwards ; central process
graaulated ; ventral valve with a produced uncinate beak. Lon.

4. lat. aj, alt. I line {figs. 24, 25).
Terebratuhte8pBpi]latus,ScMotAnTn,18l3,ilfin. rascA.vii.p.ll3.

{name only).
Terehratula pmnila, Valenc. in Lamk. 1S19, HUt. Nat. i
JJoB. Attn. Nat. Hist. June ISM, pi. \4. f. 58 (not
Thecidea radians, Bron^. 1625, Enn. Paris, p. 325.
Th&id^e rayonnante, Defrance, 1828, Diet. Set, Nat. bii. p.

t. 80. f. I.
Thecidea radiata, Desk. Enc. M&h. iii, p. 1035.
hamk. Hist. ed. 2. Tii. p. 346.
Goldf. Petr. Germ. p. 289. pi. 161. f. 2.
TliecideH papillata, Bronn, 1837, Leth. Gro^. p. 633.

D'Orb. Ter. Cr&. p. 154. pi. 523. f. 18.
Thecidea reeurvhostra, h'Orft. Ter. Crit. p. 166 (esclud.

pi. 623. f, 9-17 ; Prod. ii. p. 260 {not Gem.).
Fossil. Challc. Bel^um ; France.

Shell regular, ovnl, smooth, or only marked with c
Unes of growth ; free, or attached when young by the eitrei
of the beak ; beak pointed, thick, rounded and recurved;
ladium narrow, raised ; dorsal valve deeply concave, fumisUed
ratemally with a wide border, radiately striated ; loop u

metrical, 6-lobed, grooves deep, parallel nith the ir

3. lat. 2, alt. U hues.

Thecidea recurvirostris. Gerviile, MSS.

'JJ^. 1828, Diet. Sc. Nat. Via. n. 13^.

^^•'^ Peer. Cerm.u. p. 289, t. \li\. l.'A.

;oncave, furniaUed
led; loop uoy m- |

the margm. M^^^H

1

Thecidium curviriMtre, Sov. Genera, f. 4, 5.

Desk. ed. Lam. vu. p. 349,
Foiwil. U. Ckaik. France.

5. Thbcidiuu hippocrepib.

Shell ovate-orbicular, Bojooth, attached by the tr
umbo ; dorsal valve concave ; interior with broad itriati
gin, imjirpBsiona curved, slightly digitated on their inne
separated by a wide apace. Lon. 3j, lat. 3 linea,

L p. 239. 1. !fil. f

Theeidea Tcnuiculaiis, Bronn, ladrx, p. 1267-
Terebratulites vermicularis, Sehl. Taschb. 1813, vii, 1. II
7 Thecidea prisca, MiMster US. Jura, Tyumen.
Fossil. Chalk, maestricht; Eaien.

6. ThBCIDIVH HIBROOLVPHICUM.

shell ovate -orbicular, aniooth, attached by the truDCBb
of the proihictd uiulio ; interior of ventral vnlvc .-xhibif
reniform vascular impressions in &ant of the retracloi
dorsal valve flat ; internally with a broad striated burde
cbial impression palmate, 6-lobed, coaverging. Lon. 6,

Thecidea hieroglyphica, Dffrance, Diet. Sc. Nat. liii. 431

Gold/. Petr. li. p. 290. t. 161. f. 6.
Terebratula hieroglyphica, Ktfsl. Nalg, ii. p. 681'.
Thecidium pumUum, G. Sow. Genera of Sheila, f. 1, 2 {i

pamila, Lamk.).
Fossil. Chalk. Maestricht.

7. Thecidium digitatuh.

Shell irregular, smooth, attached by the truncated ap(
ventral valve; cavity of the ventral valve striated; retiE
pressions large, deep aud smooth ; doreal valve transveri
with a wide hinge-lme ; internallv with a broad ma^n,
diverging, symmetrical, palmated and 5-Iobed impressio
5, lat. 6 Tines.

Thecidium digitatum, G. Soaerby, Genera, no. 20. f. 3.
Thecidea digitata, Bronn, Lethaa, p. 664. t. 30. f. 4.

Goldf. Peir. ii. p. 290. t. 161. f. 6.
Thecidea Esaenaw, RiEmer, Kreid. ■^. ?&,

D'Orh. Prod. ii. V- ■^TA-
Fossil. U. Greensand. VIcBtp\«:oa.-

Shell irregular, attached by the truncated apex of the ventnll
ve; ventral valve striated lengthwise and aquatnoBe with linet 1
growth ( dorsal valve round, slightly truncnled by the hinge-
B, smooth, furnished internaliy with a granulated mFirgin and
) 3-l(ibed impresaiom, the lobea straight and diminishing in
gtb inwards. Lon. 2J lines,

;ideB rugoaa, D'Orbigny, lrt47, Ter. CHl. p. 153 (" T. hippo- J
n-epis") pi. 522. f. 8-14. ^

li). U. Greenaand. France.

TuEClDtUM TKTHAGONUM.

\keU roundish, attached by the truncated apex of the ventral '
ire, amODth, with obscure lines of growth ; hinge-Une wide;
Bral valve with two, nearly symmetrical palmate, 4-lobed in
IS, the right side lai^eat. Lon, 2i lines.

Hanover 1 Franee.

. TUEOIUIUM MOBEANUM.

SMX minute, rounded, trigonal, equilateral, with an acute
; dorsal valve conves, concentrically sub8triat«d. tubercu^
I near tlie front margin ; ventral valve attached by \ta whole \

aodth, area triangular, interior with a longitudinal ndgc. Lon.
lat. 1 line.

kecidea Moreana, Bvnii/nier. lBri2. G^l. de la Meuse. p. 'Jfi.^

■pi. 20. f. ;j0-32.

U. Cora/ Rag. France.

ul. IV(

CoRALLINtTM.

itiqua, but triangular, and much n

K. ?Th:
Shell like T.
e hinge -line.

liecidea Corallina, D'Orbigny, ISfiO, Frod. ii. p. 25.
Mail. Coral Rag. France.

t Shell oval -, beak pointed ; front bitobed,
lecidea ennliformis, D'Orbigtii/, 1950. Prod, i, 5. M-t.
. Keliowaf Rockl I'rance ; KlUc\wd\Q A

\'22 BRACHIOPODA.

12. ThBCIDIUM DICKIN8ONII.

Shell minute, transversely oval, smooth ; dorsal valve convei;
ventral valve attached by its whole surface ; area nearly as Wide
as the shell, straight. Lon. H, lat. 2^ lines.

Thecidea Dickinsonii, {Moore) Damd8€m, Man. Ool, p. 14.
Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Somersetshire, attached to Terebratule.

13. ?Thbcidium dubium.

Thecidea dubia, D*Orh. Prod, i. p. 288 (undescr.).
Fossil. Inferior Oolite. France.

14. Thecidium triangulare.

Shell tnAxipilBir, slightly bilobed, smooth, gibboae ; hinge-sei
triangular, high and narrow ; deltidium distinct. Lon. 1, lit 1
line.

Thecidea triangularis, Davidson, 1851, Mon, Ool. p. 14. pL 1-
f. 11, 12; Ann. Nat. Hist. April 1862, pi. 14. f. 13.
D'Orb. MS. 1849, Prod. i. p. 316? not described.
Thecidea Virdunensis, Buvigniery 1852, G^l. de la Meuse,ia. 21.

pi. 20. f. 33-35.
Thecidea Davidsoni, Buv. id. p. 26. pi. 20. f. 36-38.
Fossil. lAas (Marlstone). Somerset (Moore).
Inferior Oolite, Cheltenham (Wright).
Bath Oolite. Caen (D'Orb.) ?

15. Thecidium rusticum.

Shell minute, squarish, sUghtly convex, smooth ; iuterior i
dorsal valve with a prominent muscular fulcrum ; internal margb
thickened and granulated; apophysary ridge simple, parallel
with the margin, and a little within it, deeply bilobed. Lon. I.
lat. 1 hne.

Thecidea rustica, {Moore) Davidson, 1851, p. 15. pi. 1. f. 14.
Fossil. Upper Lias. Ilminster.

16. Thecidium Bouchardii.

Shell transversely elongated, smooth, attached by the whok
surface of the ventral valve ; hinge-area long and narrow • del-
tidium broad, short and elevated ; dorsal valve convex ; msisin
shelving. Lon. 3, lat. 4 lines.

Thecidea Bouchardii, Dav. Mon. Ool. 1851, p. 14. pi 1 f 15.
16; Ann. Nat. Hist. April 1852, pi. 14. f. 10-12. *

Fossil. Lias (MarlstoneV \\^\\i^\.«,^^\»R^^^\.^'SuV-^^<j^^
France.

brachiopoda. 123

17. Thecidium Moorei.

Shell subquadrate, smooth, attached by the whole surfiace of
the ventral valve ; valves sUghtly indented in front ; front
margins much thickened, steep ; dorsal valve almost flat ; lower
valve with a well-defined triangular area ; deltidium large, ele-
vated. Lon. 2, lat. 2, alt. 1 line.

Thecidea Moorei, Davidson, 1851, Mon, Ool. Brack, p. 13.pl. 1.
f. 10.

Fossil. Lias {Marlstone), Ilminster, attached to RhynchonelUe.

18. Thecidium Deslongchampsii.

Shell irregularly oblong, smooth, attached by the truncated
beak of the ventral valve ; ventral valve deep ; area wide, short
and irregular ; deltidium indistinct ; dorsal valve subcircular,
slightly convex, its interior surface surrounded by a broad, gra-
nmated border ; a single central septum divides the brachial ca-
vities, in each of which there is a granulated lobe. Lon. 2,
lat. H, alt. H lines.

Thecidea Deslongchampsii, Davidson, 1852, Ann, Nat. Hist.
April, pi. 14. f. 6-9.

Fossil. Lias, Normandy.

^"^

p

INDEX.

m

abvaaicDla. 51.

caidita,113. ^^^1

aculcaw, 60.

bicanaliciilata, 30, 55.

Caidinm, »lt^--^^^M

acuta, S8.

bidentata, C8.

cacoea, 21. 25. ^^^t

Adrieni, 81.

blpartLta,42.

caxinata, 73. * '■

squBlis, 44.

biplicaU, 23, 28, 29,

tequUateralis, 20.

30, 32.

Ciirriaua,43. ,

AlbeasU, !G.

birostris, 19.

bisinuaU, 19.

Celtics, 61. ^^^H

Ampulla, 19.

biiuB'Brdnata, 30.

anguBta, 50, 76.

Uoubd, 24.

ChUeasis, 88. ^^H

Bouei, 24.

chrysalis, 53. ^^H

BnrdiDi, 47.

cUtdliiIa,114. ^^H

■ntiplwta, 40.

Bouchardim 100.

amygdalina, 47.

Bouchardii. 88, 122.

aperta, 113.

Bourgeoiaii, 55.

appressa. 108.

Broniu,42, 115.

Archmci.48.

buctulenlo, 66, 74.

concava, 100.

arcuau. 106.

Buchii, 43, 116.

contraplecta, 42. .

cognata, 110.

arenoia, 10!i.

bulla, 27.

Cor, 67. J

Argiope, 112.

biillata, 36, 66.

coraUinnm, 121. 1

arabiik, 29.

eaiqua, 47.

cordifonne, 121. ^^H

AstierianB, 94.

Callfornica, 60.

Coreanica, 88. ^^H

aoriculata, 53. 55.

Calloiienab, 72.

cornea, 49. ^^^H

aurila, 49.

Camaiii, 27.

coniuta, 67, 68. |^^H

aiutralu. 58.

CampanieDsia, 54.

costaU, 48, 49, HP^I

Bakeris. 74.

canalivulatm 93.

craua, 24. mm

Bajocina, 73.

canaUa, 77.

craDioUrii, 110.

1 BargMwa, B4.

ameeltata. 50.

cranium. 58.

1 Baugieri, 31.

Canidea, 45.

capeniii, 110, in.

Becluij. 22.

capillata, 22.

crispala, ^^^H

Bentlevi, 38.

u

126

INDEX.

cnienu, 89, 90.
Cumingii, 51, 99.
cuneaU, 114.
cuneiformis, 118.
curvirostris, 24, 120.
cymbula, 62.
Davidsoni, 122.
Davidfioniana, 92.
decemcosUta, 115.
decoilata, 113.
decfusata, 39.
Defrancii, 53.
Delthyridaea, 96.
deltoidea, 41.
dentata, 58.
depressa, 23, 116.
Deshayetii, 105, 111.
Deschampsii, 31.
Deslongchampsii, 123.
detruncata, 113, 114.
Dickinsonii, 122.
digitatum, 120.
digona, 35, 63, 68, 69.
dilatata, 59.
dimidiata, 113.
diphya, 41.
diphyoides, 41.
disculus, 103.
disparialis, 106.
donata, 87.
dubium, 122.
Dutempliana, 24, 54.
Duvalii, 115.
Duvallii, 41.
echinulata, 56.
Edwardsii, 70.
elegans, 54, 96.
elongata, 21, 44.
emarginata, 74.
ephemera, 78.
equestris, 30.
Erina, 31.
erythroleuca, 90.
Essensis, 120.
Eudesia, 79.
eusticta, 109.
euthyra, 18.
Eugenii, 35.
Evansiif 99.
faba, 63.

\'

Faajasii, 53.
fimbria, 37.
Fischeriana, 69.
FissurirostiB, 96.
nssirostra, 96.
Fittoni, 22.
flabeilmn, 38.
flavescens, 58.
Fleuriausa, 60.
flexuosa, 61, 87.
florella, 72.
Floridana, 55.
Forbesii, 108, 114.
fragilis, 27.
frontalis, 90.
fmrcata, 81.
fiuiformis, 46.
Galliennei, 36.
Garantiana, 31.
Gaudichaudi, 59.
Gerviim, 50, 53.
giganteus, 19, 20.
Gisii, 53.
globulina, 70.
globata, 33.
globosa, 59.
gracilis, 55.
grandis, 18, 20.
Gravesi, 24.
Grayii, 79.
Guadalupae, 54.
Gussignigensis, 25.
Haimeana, 48.
hamifera, 79.
Harlani, 27.
hastata, 46.
Hastingsiae, 44.
Hebertiana, 105.
Hecate, 78.
hemisphaerica, 75.
hemisphseroidica, 44.
Heyseana, 75.
hieroglyphicum, 120.
Hilseana, 97.
hippocrepis, 120.
hirundo, 116.
Hoeninghausii, 60.

Ignaciana, 65.
impressa, 71.
Inca, 29.
incertnm, 97.
incisa, 26.
indentata, 35, 69.
inel^^ans, 78.
inflata, 45.
insignia, 29.
intermedia, 32.
inversa, 40.
Ismenia, 102.
Japonica, 50.
Juno, 77.
juTenia, 46.
Keyserlingi, 105.
Kickxii,20.
kingena, 102.
Kleinii, 33.
Kraussia, 109.
labiata, 71.
Labradorensis, 91.
lachrymosa, 105.
lacryma, 46, 52.
laevis, 20.

lagenalis, 29, 36, 64.
Lamarckiana, 111.
lampas, 65.
lata, 34.
lens, 21.
lenticularis, 58.
lentiformis, 25.
lentoidea, 25.
Leveillei, 22.
lima, 104.
linearis, 23.
Linneana, 66.
longa, 29, 62.
longirostris, 23, 62.
loricata, 95.
lunaris, 69.
lunifera, 108, 114.
Lycettii, 70.
Lyra, 82, 83.
l3rrata, 85.
Maceana, 31.
Magas, 98.
magellanica, 87.

INDEX.

4

MnriiE. 69.

orthiformia, 100.

punctata, 35. 100.

marBupialii, 3G.

ovfllis, 23, 30.

Puscheana, 80.

ovata, 2!, 105.

piiailla, 91, 115.

DiaiillBCa, 32.

OToiiiea. 33.

pra:longa. 28.

marima, 19, 34.

Dvoiiles, 26, 34.

pygmB». 115.

Mtadi, 84.

pals, 75.

Pygope. 41.

Mediterraneum, 118.

palmetM, 38.

quadrala, 81.

megatrema, 56.

PaliBaii, 97.

quadricoMata, 42.

papUUta, 119.

quadciflda, 67.

Meg«rli». 102,

papilio, 20.

quadliplecta, 42.

Meuu^i, 94.

Qualenii, 45.

Parracena, 56.

ptrvfl, 25.

radiani, 119.

mmima, 93.

parvula, 25.

radiflta, 119.

minor, 21,32.

rpcuna, 58, 96.

recurvirostra. 119.

Phillipui, 33.

redexa, 40.

Hontonivii, 28.

pectinala. 83, 93.

Uetmianai, 68.

Moreana. 38. 94.

MoreanuzQ, 121.

pectiu. 93, 96.

rraupinata, 72.75,107.

Moord, 72. 12S.

pecloralib, 63.

reticularia, 39.

, Monerei, 39.

pectunciiloides, 95.

reticulata, 39, 80.

Momsia, 107.

pectnnculua, 104.

reluna, 49.

revoluta, 25.

i multiitriata, 62.

Miiattem, 43.

Rhynchora, S3.

Marchisoni, 22.

pentahedra, 69, 73.

inutica. 41.

Ikemeri,2B.

, nana. 69, 106.

para. 114.

rigida. 35.

NalBlen»ii, 110.

perforans, 19.

Rohertoni, 22.

n«ricuU, 76.

perovalii, 27, 28; 30,

KoUsyi, 24,

32, 33, 34.

rosea, 101.

picts, 59.

Roymana. 64.

< Nementu, 23.

pileua, 41.

mbella, 59, 90.

DucIeaH, 40, 69.

procMrima, 85.

rubimnda, 89.

puum, 110.

rubra, 89, 109.

/O.

plana, 69.

mgoium, 121.

o1)C>a. 26.

plelicia, £1.

raguloM, 106.

■ibliU. 103.

plica, 45.

Rappeilends, 72.

1 oblnoga. SO.

plicaM, 37, 91. 95.

n»ti^, 23. 24.

riboliua, 78.

pramarginata, 76,

ruslicum, 122.

1 oIlUVitB, 64.

prisca, 120.

Saeeulos, 46.

cbiuteta, 58,

aalinaria, 43.

olitu.a, 24.

aanguinea. 89, SO.

pscndo-jurenaiB, 62.

pubetceoa. 49.

oilncularji, 7G, 81.

pulchelto, 97, 104.

' nmata, 55,

pumilnm, 119.

pumili. 99.

OnI,i,. 107, I J a.

pumUu, 120.

128

INDEX.

Schakii, 47*
■ecnris, 78.
SelU,28.

•emig^obott, 25, 27.
senunulum, 108, 114.
aemiplictta, 37.
semistriata, 80.
sepUta, 18.
septemcoetata, 38.
septentrionalis, 50.
teptigera, 59.
sex-radiata, 105.
simplex, 34.
Soldaniaoa, 114.
Sowerbii, 19, 88.
spathulata, 92.
spatula, 49.
sphsroidalis, 36.
sphenoidea, 18.
spinulosa, 105.
Spitzbergensis, 91.
spondylea, 118.
spondylodes, 19.
squamata, 113.
squamosa, 22.
striata, 49, 52, 110.
striatula, 51, 52, 57.
Strogonofii, 64.
subarenosa, 105.
subangusta, 76.
8ub-Bentleyi, 38.
sub-bidentata, 68.
sub-bipartita, 43.
subcanalis, 38.
subconcava, 105.
subcrispata, 82.
subcurvata, 43.
subelongata, 45.
subfragiUs, 27.
subimpressa, 73.
sublagenalis, 65.
submaxillata, 32.

tuboiinciilarii, 37, 80.
tuboYalis, 65, 66.
luboToides, 65, 66.
tabpentagona, 95.
iubpentagonalis, 44.
snbpectoralis, 25.
snbplicatella, 37.
subpunctata, 35.
iubresupinata, 73.
subrotonda, 25.
snbrabra, 32.
gabaella,30.
tubstriata, 56.
iubsufflata, 45.
subtriquetra, 65.
subundata, 24, 25.
subventricosa, 32.
snbvitrea, 18.
tucdnea, 20.
8ufllata,45.
suldfera, 26.
tamarindus, 62.
Tchiatcheffei, 24.
tegulata, 95.
tenuissima, 53.
tenuistriata, 51.
Terebratella, 86.
Terebratula, 17.
Terebrarulina, 48.
Terebrirostra, 82.
testudioaria, 118.
tetragona, 32, 73.
tetragonum, 121.
Theddea, 118.
Thecidium, 117.
Toncariana, 27.
Tomacensis, 24.
transversa, 89.
triangularis, 34.
triangulare, 122.
triangulus, 41.
tricostata, 42.

trigonella, 60.
Trigonosemus, 82, 96.
trilobata, 20.
trilatera, 82.
trilineata, 54.
triplecta, 42.
triquetra, 41, 65.
tnmcata, 94, 95, 100,

103.
talipa, 101.
ulothrix, 82.
umbonella, 65.
umbra, 77.
nndulata, 28.
upsilon, 77.
urna, 113.
^va, 18.
Valendennei, 102.
Vanuxemiana, 92.
variabilis, 19.
Vendocinensis, 27.
Venei, 52.
ventricosa, 32.
ventro-plana, 105.
vermicularis, 120.
Vemeuilliana, 93.
Vemeuilli, 106.
Viquesneli, 22, 23.
Virdunensis, 122.
virgo, 47.
Virleti, 25.
vitrea, 17, 58.
vulgaris, 43, 64, 71.
Wacoensis, 105.
Waldheimia, 57.
Waltonia, 101.
Waterhousii, 43, 74.
WethereUi, 119.
Wilmingtonensis, 21.
Wismanni, 43.
Zelandica, 89.

CATALOGUES

OF

THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION

IN

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

I. VERTEBRATA.

List of Mammalia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c. 1843. 2s.6d.

Catalogue of the Mammalia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c.

Part 1. Cetacea. l2mo, 1850. 4*., with Plates.
Part 2. Seals. 12mo, 1850. Is. 6d., with Woodcuts.
Part 3. Hoofed Quadrupeds. Section I. 1852, with Plates
of Genera, I2s,

This work contains the description of the genera and species,
and figures of the chief characters of the genera.

List of Mammalia and Birds of Nepaul, presented hy B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray
and G. R. Gray. 1846. 2s.

List of Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. &c.

Part 1. Raptorial. Edition 1, 1844; edition 2, 1848. 3*.
Part 2. Passeres. Section I. Fissirostres. 1848. 25.
Part 3. Gallinae, Grallse and Anseres. 1844. 2s.

The other sections of the Passerine hirds are in progress.

List of British Birds. By G. R. Gray, FX.S. &c. 1850. 4s.

List of the Eggs of British Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. &c.
1852. 2s. 6d.

Catalogue of Reptiles. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &c.

Part 1. Tortoises,Crocodilesand Amphisbffinians. 1844. \s.

Part 2. Lizards. 1845. 3*. 6rf.

Part 3. Snakes (Crotalidae, V\^T\^'ai,\V^^^'ifc^>sv\'^vsv^^^

1849. 2s. ed. ^

Part 4, completing the Snake* ^Co\\jJat\^7fc^> ^^^ vsx\«t«^'«^-
tion.

2

Catalogue of Amphibia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

Part 2. Batrachia Gradientia. 12mo, 1850. 2s. 6d., with
Plates of the Skull and Teeth.

Catalogue of Fish. By Dr. J. E. Geay, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

Part 1. Cartilaginous Fish. 12mo, 1850. 3*. With two
Plates.

These Catalogues of Reptiles, Amphibia, and Fish, contain
the characters of all the genera and species at present known;
the latter are illustrated with figures of the genera.

List of British Fish ; with Synonyma. Bv A.White, F.L.S. &c.
1851. 2s,

List of Osteological Specimens. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c.
1847. 2s,

IL ANNULOSA.

Catalogue of Lepidoptera. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S.

Part 1 . Papilionidse, with coloured figures of the new spe-
cies, j^l : 55.

List of Lepidopterous Insects. By E. Doubleday, F.L.S.

Part 1. Papilionidae, &c. 1844. 25. 6d.

Part 2. Erycinidse, &c. 1847. 9d.

Part 3. Appendix to Papilionidae, Erycinidae, &c. 1848. 9d.

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects. By F. Walker, F.L.S.

Part 1. Chalcididse. 1846. Is. 6d.

Part 2. Additions to Chalcididse. 1848. 25.

Catalogue of Dipterous Insects. By F. Walker, F.L.S.

Part 1. 1848. 35. 6d. Part 3. 1849. 35.

Part 2. 1849. 3s. 6d, Part 4. 1849. 6s,

Catalogue of Homopterous Insects. By F. Walker, F.L.S.

Parti. 1850. 3s. 6d. Part 3. 1851. 3s. 6d.

Part 2. 1850. 55. Part 4. 1852. .45.

Catalogue of Neuropterous Insects. By F. Walker, F.L.S.
Part 1. 1852. 2s. 6d. Part 2. 1853, with Plates.

The Cataloffuea oi H-ymeuo-pterous, "DfcpUTWis, vcoS^^^^mw^u-
raw Insects cWtamtVe^e-^eTv^vo^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
5h appeared to\>e ua^e»ctY\ie^.

le of Hemipteroua Insects. ByW. S.DALLJL9,F-t<.S.&e,

J?itli Plates, Part 1. 1851. 7s. Part 2. 1953. 4s.

re Catalogue of Hrmiplera contuns the descri)ilioii of the

■--■-•■ "jllection, and figures of the more

9 Inaecta (with characters of uen

Part 1. CetoniwlEE. 1847. IJ. ByA. White. F.L.S. &c.
Part 2. Hvilrocanthari. 184?. Is. Sd. By A. White,

F.L.S.
Parts. BuprestidK. IS4B. 1*. By A. White, F.L.S.
Part 4. Cleridie. 184fl. Is. 8rf. By A. White, F.L.S.
Part 5. Cucujida;. 1851. Grf. By F. Smith, M.E.S.
Part 6. PaasalidtE. 1852. M. By F. Smith, M.E.S.
Part?. Lonrifoniia, with Platei, 18S3. By A. White,
F.L.S.
List of Crustacea i with Synonyma. By A. White. 1847. 2s.
List of Myriapoda, By G. Nkwpobt, F.R.S. &c. 1844. Ad.
List of British Lepidoutera; with Synonyma. By J. F. Ste-
phens, F.L.S. Part 1. 1860. 6s. Part 2. 1852. 2s. Part 3.
1853. 3s.
List of British Aculeate Ilymenoptera ; n'ith Synonyma, and the
description of same neiv speciea. By F. Smith. 1851. 2s.
Lint of British Anoplura, or Parasitic Inaccts ; with Synonyma.
By H. Denny. Is.

III. MOLLUSCA.

Catalogue of the Molluaca in tlie Collection of the Britieh
Muspum. By Dr. J. E. Ghay, F.R.S.. &c.
Parti. Cephalopoda Antepedia. 1849. 4f.
Part 2. Pteropoda. 1850. Is.
Part 3. Placuniadtt and Anomiad^. 1850. Ad.
Part 4. BrachiopodaAneylopada;iigaresof genera. 1853. 3s.
Containiug the charartera of the recent and fostfil genera, ■
the descriptions of all the recent species at present known.
Catalogue of Phaacropneumooa ot DifM»i'«*A"tex
■— - By Dr. LoDia PpsiyFaR. Xft^ii,

L