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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
PUBLICATION 234
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XIII
CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS
Initiated by
CHARLES B. CORY
Late Curator of Zoology
Continued by
CHARLES E. HELLMAYR
Associate Curator of Birds
PART IV
FURNARIIDAE - DENDROCOLAPTIDAE
WILFRED H. OSGOOD
Curator, Department of Zoology
EDITOR
CHICAGO, U. S. A.
December 29, 1925. 4*4
THE LIBRARY OF THE *
FEB171938
UNIVERSE OF
THE LIBRARY
OF TKE
UNIVERSITY OF IU»"
8 5
S «•
an t
II
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
PUBLICATION 234
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XIII
CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS
AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS
IN
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
INCLUDING ALL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH
AMERICA, MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, THE WEST
INDIES. AND ISLANDS OF THE CARRIBEAN SEA, THE GALAPAGOS
ARCHIPELAGO, AND OTHER ISLANDS WHICH MAY BE IN-
CLUDED ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR FAUNAL AFFINITIES
Initiated by
CHARLES B. CORY
Late Curator of Zoology
v Continued by
CHARLES E. HELLMAYR
Associate Curator of Birds
PART IV
FURNARIIDAE - DfiNDROCOLAPTIDAE
WILFRED H. OSGOOD
Curator, Department of Zoology
EDITOR
CHICAGO, U. S. A.
December 29, 1925.
THE LIBRARY OF THF
FEB171938
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
FX
, CONTENTS
Orders, Families and Genera included in Part IV
ORDER PASSERIFORMES
"0
SUBORDER MESOMYODI
FAMILY FURNARIIDAE
(Oven-birds)
Subfamily FURNARIINAE
. ." Geobates Swainson ............... i
Geositta Swainson ................ 2
.' Furnarius Vieillot ................. 14
Coryphistera Burmeister ........... 25
Clibanornis Sclater and Salvin ...... 26
Cinclodes Gray ................... 27
Upucerthia Geoff roy Saint-Hilaire . . . 41
Enicornis Gray ................... 51
Chilia Salvadori ................... 52
Limnornis Gould .................. 53
Limnoctites Hettmayr .............. 54
Subfamily SYNALLAXINAE
Sylviorthorhynchus DesMurs ....... 54
Aphrastura Oberholser ............. 55
Phleocryptes Cabanis and Heine. ... 57
Leptasthenura Reichenbach ......... 60
Dendrophylax Hellmayr ........... 70
Schizoeaca Cabanis ................ 71
Schoeniophylax Ridgway ........... 73
Oreophylax Hellmayr .............. 74
Synallaxis Vieillot. . ............... 75
Poecilurus Todd .................. 1 10
Certhiaxis Lesson ................. 112
Cranioleuca Reichenbach ........... 116
Siptornopsis Cory .................. 132
Asthenes Reichenbach .............. 133
Thripophaga Cabanis .............. 154
Drioctistes Ridgway ............... 156
Phacellodomus Reichenbach ......... 157
Siptornis Reichenbach .............. 166
Xenerpestes Berlepsch ............. 166
Metopothrix Sclater and Salvin ..... 167
Anumbius Lafresnaye and D'0rbignyi68
Subfamily MARGARORNITHINAE
Margarornis Reichenbach ........... 170
Premnornis Ridgway 173
Premnoplex Cherrie 173
Subfamily PHILYDORINAE
Pseudocolaptes Reichenbach 176
Berlepschia Ridgway 181
Pseudoseisura Reichenbach 181
Hyloctistes Ridgway 185
Ancistrops Sclater 187
Anabazenops Lafresnaye 187
Xenoctistes Hettmayr 188
Xenicopsoides Cory 195
Philydor Spix 199
Automolus Reichenbach 210
Hylocryptus Chapman 226
Cichlocolaptes Reichenbach 226
Heliobletus Reichenbach 227
Thripadectes Sclater 228
Xenops Illiger 232
Microxenops Chapman 243
Megaxenops Reiser 243
Pygarrhicus Burmeister 244
Subfamily SCLERURINAE
Sclerurus Swainson 245
Lochmias Swainson 256
FAMILY DENDROCOLAPTIDAE
(Wood-hewers)
Dendrocolaptes Hermann 259
Dendrexetastes Eyton 273
Hylexetastes Sclater 274
Xiphocolaptes Lesson 276
Dendroplex Swainson 288
Xiphorhynchus Swainson 293
Lepidocolaptes Reichenbach 318
Campylorhamphus Bertoni 339
Nasica Lesson 348
Drymornis Eyton 349
Glyphorynchus Wied 350
Sittasomus Swainson 354
Deconychura Cherrie 361
Dendrocincla Gray 363
LIST OF NEW NAMES PROPOSED IN PART IV
ChUia melanura atacamae subsp. nov 53
Limnoctites genus nov 54
Leptasthenura aegithaloides grisescens subsp. nov 61
Dendrophylax genus nov 70
Oreophylax genus nov 74
Asthenes modesta australis subsp. nov 138
Asthenes d'orbignyi consobrina subsp. nov 142
Asthenes humicola polysticta subsp. nov 144
Phacellodomus rufifrons peruvianus subsp. nov 159
Phacellodomus rufifrons specularis subsp. nov 160
Xenoctistes nom. nov 188
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sanctae-martae subsp. nov 280
Dendroplex picus saturatior subsp. nov 290
IV
CATALOGUE
OF
BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS
Continuation by Charles E. Hellmayr
PART IV
ORDER PASSERIFORMES— Continued.
Suborder MESOMYODI— Continued.
FAMILY FURNARIIDAE.
OVEN-BlRDS.
Subfamily FURNARIINAE.
Genus GEOBATES Swainson.
Geobates SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 322, Dec. 1837 — type Geobates brevicauda
Anthus poecilopterus WIED.
Geobates poecilopterus (Wied). LARK-LIKE MINER.
Anthus poecilopterus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (i), p. 633, 1831 — Campos
Geraes, interior of Brazil, on the confines of Minas Geraes and Bahia.
Geobates poecilopterus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 205, pi. 21 — crit., descr.,
Minas Geraes, S. Paulo, Ypanema; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 —
camp four miles from city of Sao Paulo, road to Sorocaba, Ypanema, Regis-
tro Velho, Paranapitanga, Itarare, State of Sao Paulo; Sao Domingos, Minas
Geraes; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., p. 386, 1870 — Lagoa
Santa, Uberaba, Paracatu, Minas Geraes; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 4, 1890 — Sao Domingos, Chapada; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2,
p. viii, 1889; idem, I.e., 3, p. 201, 1891 (Wied's types); idem, I.e., 5, p. no,
1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 210, 1899 —
Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 227, 1907 — Batataes, Sao Paulo; MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 43, 1906 — Sao
Paulo.
Geobates brevicauda SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 322, 1837 — Brazil.
Anthus fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) BURMEISTER, Syst. tfbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 120,
1856 — Campos of Brazil.
Range: Campos districts of Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes, Sao
Paulo, and Matto Grosso.
2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Genus GEOSITTA Swainson*.
GeosiUa SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 317, 1837 — generic characters; type by
subs, desig. (SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 323, Dec. 1837) Geositta anthoides
SWAINSON = Alauda fissirostris KITTLITZ.
Geobamon BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249, 1860 — type by monotypy
Geobamon rufipennis BURMEISTER.
Saxilauda PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 31 (i), p. 67 (in text), 1865 —
type Geobamon fasciata PHILIPPI and LANDBECK.
*Geositta cunicularia cunicularia ( Vieilloi). COMMON MINER.
Alauda cunicularia VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., i, p. 369, 1816 —
based on Azara No. 148: "Aux environs de la riviere de la Plata et dans les
pampas de Buenos Aires."
Certhttauda cunicularia LAFRESNAYE and d'ORBiGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.
7, cl. 2, p. 71, 1837 — part, Buenos Aires, Maldonado; d'ORBiGNY, Voyage
Amer. mend., Ois, p. 358, pi. 43, fig. i, 1847 — part, Buenos Aires, S. Pedro,
Maldonado, Patagonia (spec, examined).
Furnarius cunicularius DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 65, 1839 — part, La Plata,
northern Patagonia.
GeosiUa cunicularia BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 149, 1860 — "near Men-
doza" (?) and Parana; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 465, 1861 — same locali-
ties (spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 140 —
Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires (spec, examined); STERNBERG, Journ. Orn.,
17, p. 264, 1869 — Tablada Vieja, Buenos Aires, and Est. San Juan (breeding
habits); DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 178 — Baradero, Prov. Buenos Aires; idem,
I.e., 1878, p 395 — Chubut valley; GIBSON, I.e., 1880, p. 13 — Cape San An-
tonio, Prov Buenos Aires; DOERING, Inf. ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool.,
1 88 1, p. 43 — south to the Rio Negro; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 8,
p. 203, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay, Bahia Blanca; GIBSON, Ibis, 1885,
p. 280 — Paysandii, Uruguay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith., i, p. 165,
1888 — part, excl. Chile; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 5, 1890 — part,
spec, a-e, Maldonado, Buenos Aires; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1891, p. 16; 1892, p.2oi —
Est. Espartillar, Prov. Buenos Aires; APLIN, I.e., 1894, P- *8i — Uruguay;
SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 711, 1898 — part, No. 325,359 ex Punta
Arenas (spec, examined); IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16,
p. 128, 1899 — Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul (spec, examined); CRAW-
SHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 72, 1907 — Sara Settlement; GRANT, Ibis,
1911, p. 125 — Tuyu, Los Ynglases, Prov. Buenos Aires; DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 286, 1910 — part, Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego,
Cordoba, Buenos Aires, Entrerios; GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 405 — Cape San
*• Although the species vary much in length and shape of their bills, further sub-
division of the genus appears to be impracticable. If Geobamon is recognized, the
slender-billed G. tenuirostris and the thick-billed, stout-legged G. crassirostris will
likewise have to be separated genetically.
*Species marked with an asterisk are represented by specimens in Field Museum
of Natural History.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 3
Antonio, Prov. B. Aires; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Maldon-
ado, Canelones, San Jose", Flores, Uruguay; DAGUERRE, I.e., p. 268, 1922 —
Rosas, Prov. B. Aires; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 47, 1923 — Santa Elena,
Entrerios (breeding); GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 72 — Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167 —
Zelaya, Rio Lujdn.
Geositta tenuirostris (not of LAFRESNAYE) WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 609 —
Salto, Prov. Buenos Aires.
Geositta cunicularia cunicularia MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 44, 1906 — part, spec, j-p, Patagonia, Buenos Aires, Mal-
donado; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 206, 1909 — La Soledad,
Entrerios, Bahia Blanca; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 117,
1919 — monog., part, excl. Chile; MARELLI, Mem. Ministr. Obr. Publ.
(Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 638, 1924 — part, Buenos Aires and Entrerios.
Geositta rufipennis (not of BURMEISTER) SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 710.
1898 — part, No. 360,364, Punta Arenas (spec, examined).
Range: Eastern Argentina, from provinces of Entrerios and Cordo-
ba south to the Straits of Magellan, and Tierra del Fuego; Uruguay;
Prov. Rio Grande do Sul, southern BraziK
i: Argentina (San Roman, F. C. S., Prov. Buenos Aires i).
*Geositta cunicularia fissirostris (Kittlitz)b. CHILIAN MINER.
Alauda fissirostris KITTLITZ, Me"m. Acad. Sci. St. Pe"tersb., (sav. e"tr.), 2, p. 468,
Vog. Chili, pi. 3, Aug. 1835 — Valparaiso, Chile (type in Petrograd Museum
examined); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 19, 1921
(note on type).
Alauda nigro-fasciata LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 6, el. 2, text to pi. 58-59, p. 6,
1836 — Chile (type in Paris Museum examined).
Geositta antho'ides SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 323, Dec. 1837 — Chile.
* Specimens from Entrerios, Uruguay, and Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco)
are practically identical with a good series from Buenos Aires (Conchitas, San Roman,
Bahia Blanca). Among Burmeister's examples in the Halle Museum, there is one
adult, said to be from "Mendoza," which is likewise referable to G. c. cunicularia.
The locality appears to me questionable, since other skins from Mendoza prove to
belong to another race. It should be mentioned, however, that Dabbene (Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 123, 1919) also refers some specimens from Alto Verde,
Prov. Mendoza to G. c. cunicularia.
Birds from southeastern Patagonia (Coy Riv,er) and Straits of Magellan (Punta
Arenas, Gregory Bay) are slightly paler, more grayish brown above, with the buffy-
white bases of the upper tail coverts more extensive, and less coarsely spotted on
the chest, thus pointing to G. cunicularia hellmayri. Twenty-nine specimens ex-
amined.
b Geositta cunicularia fissirostris (KITTLITZ) : Differs from G. c. cunicularia by
grayish brown rather than earthy brown upper parts, more whitish, less buffy lower
surface with heavier, deeper blackish markings on chest, and by the blackish sub-
terminal band on the inner remiges being generally wider as well as more sharply de-
nned. In coloration of upper tail coverts it agrees with G. c. cunicularia. Wing
(males) 88-96, (females) 87-92; tail 49-56; bill 17-18, exceptionally (one male from
Quirihue', one unsexed from Coronel) even 20. Although single examples are not
always distinguishable, the Chilean form, taken as a whole, seems fairly separable.
Twenty-four specimens examined.
4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Furnarius cunicularius DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 65, 1839 — part, central Chile,
south to Conception.
Geositta canicularia (sic) BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, p. 94, 1841 — Chile, betw.
34° and 35° s. lat.
Geositta (Furnarius) canicularia (sic) FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., n, p. in, 1843 —
central provinces of Chile.
Certhilauda cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg.,
31 (i), p. 59, 1865 — prov. Colchagua, Santiago, and Aconcagua (habits).
Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel,
p. 59, 1865 — Chile; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 323 — Chile; SCLATER
and SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, p. 499 — Coquimbo; SHARPE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1881,
p. 8 — Coquimbo; SALVIN, I.e., 1883, p. 424 — Coquimbo; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 5, 1890 — part, spec, f-q, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, Santiago.
Geositta cunicularia cunicularia MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 44, 1906 — part, spec, a-i, q-v, Talcahuano, Valparaiso,
Santiago, San Alfonso (Quillota); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30,
p. 117, 1919 — part, Chile.
Range: Central Chile, from southern Atacama (Domeyko, 63 kilom.
s. of Vallenar) to Concepcion.
18 : Chile (Domeyko, Prov. Atacama 2 ; Romero, Prov. Coquimbo 7 ;
Quirihue, Prov. Maule 2; Concepcion 5, "Chile" 2).
*Geositta cunicularia deserticolor Hellmayr*. DESERT-COLORED MINER.
Geositta cunicularia deserticolor HELLMAYR, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12,
p. 72, April 1924 — Caldera, Prov. Atacama, Chile.
Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
• Geositta cunicularia deserticolor HELLMAYR: Similar to G. c. fissirostris, but
very much paler throughout; upper parts sandy or buffy gray instead of grayish
brown; edges to wing coverts and tertials buffy whitish rather than sandy buff;
cinnamomeous wing-bar decidedly paler; superciliaries, sides of head and neck light
creamy rather than bright buff; under parts almost pure white, with just a faint
creamy wash across chest and along flanks; dusky brown markings on chest much
less pronounced; axillars, under wing-coverts and quill-lining conspicuously paler;
basal half of rectrices much paler cinnamon. Wing (six specimens) 87-90; tail 48-50;
bill 17.5-18.5
I first met with this strongly marked form, many years ago, in the Vienna Museum.
There were male and female, obtained by H. Whitely jr. at Islay, coast of Arequipa,
Peru, in that institution, but owing to the absence of proper material of the allied
G. c. frobeni for comparison I then refrained from naming it. Recently, I have
found two adult males from Cocachacra (near Islay) in the collection of the American
Museum of Natural History, New York, which agree perfectly with our birds from
Caldera.
G. c. deserticolor resembles G. c. frobeni, of the Temperate highlands of southern
Peru and Bolivia, in the pale cinnamon basal portion of the tail; but besides being
smaller, it differs by sandy gray (instead of rufescent earthy- brown) upper parts,
much paler and more whitish wing markings, whitish (not buff) sides of head and
under surface, with the dusky chest-stripes decidedly more developed, and particu-
larly by having the upper tail coverts sandy gray like the back instead o f buffy- white.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 5
1867, p. 985 — Islay, coast of Arequipa, Peru (spec, examined); idem, I.e.,
1868, p. 569 — western Peru = Islay.
Geositta frobeni (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 6, 1890 — part, spec, c-f, Islay, Peru; (?) PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158,
1888— Brea, Chile.
Range : Arid littoral of northern Chile (Prov. Atacama) and south-
western Peru (Prov. Arequipa).
9: Chile (Caldera, Prov. Atacama 9).
*Geositta cunicularia hellmayri Peters*. HELLMAYR'S MINER.
Geositta cunicularia hellmayri PETERS, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5,
p. 145, 1925 — Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro (type examined).
Geositta fissirostris (not of KITTLITZ) BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 465,
1861 — Sierra de Uspallata, near Mendoza (spec, in Halle Museum ex-
amined).
Geositta cunicularia cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, p. 312, 1923 — Huanuluan, Maquinchao, Rio Negro.
Geositta cunicularia frobeni (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 123, 1919 — part, prov. Mendoza and Catamarca.
Range : Western Argentina, in provinces of Mendoza and San Juan,
and in western section of Gob. del Rio Negro (Lake Nahuel Huapi,
Huanuluan, Maquinchao).
2: Argentina (Huanuluan 2).
*Geositta cunicularia frobeni (Philippi and Landbeck)b. FROBEN'S
MINER.
CerthUauda Frobeni PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 25, Part 2, p. 411,
Sept. 1864 — Putre, alt. 10,000 ft., "Peru" = Prov. Tacna; idem, Arch. Naturg.,
31 (i), p. 62, 1865 (reprint in German).
» Geositta cunicularia hellmayri PETERS: Intermediate between G. c. fissirostris,
of Chile and G. c. frobeni, of Jujuy and Bolivia. In general tone of upper
and under parts it is not unlike the Chilean form, but differs in larger size, mostly
creamy white upper tail coverts, lesser development of dusky spotting on chest, and
paler cinnamomeous basal portion of tail. It agrees with G. c. frobeni in size, col-
oration of upper tail coverts and reduced dusky chest-striping, but has much paler,
sandy grayish brown rather than earthy brown upper parts. From G. c. cunicularia
it may be distinguished by decidedly paler, more grayish upper parts, much more
white on upper tail coverts, less buffy under surface, paler as well as more extensive
light basal portion of tail, and larger size. Wing (nine adult males) 97-101, once only
94, (four adult females) 95-99; tail 54-58; bill 17.5-19, twice 20.
An adult male from Mendoza (U. S. Nat. Museum, No. 237188) and another
from Sierra de Uspallata, Prov. Mendoza (Halle Museum, coll. H. Burmeister) are
identical in coloration with the series from Huanuluan, Rio Negro, but average
slightly larger (wing 101, 103; tail 59, 59; bill 18.5-19). Birds from Maquinchao
form the transition to G. c. cunicularia. Eighteen specimens examined.
b Geositta cunicularia frobeni (PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) : Differs from G. c. cuni-
cularia, fissirostris and deserticolor particularly by entirely buffy white upper tail-
coverts, lesser development of dusky spotting on chest, and paler, buffy or even
whitish instead of cinnamomeous basal portion of tail. Wing (nine males) 94-101,
(three females) 90-94; tail (male) 53-59i once 63, (female) 51-55; bill 17.5-19.
Seventeen specimens examined.
6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Geositta (Certhilauda) frobeni PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 29,
pi. 21, fig. i, 1902 — Putre.
Certhilauda cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and d'ORBiGNY, Syn.
Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 71, 1837 — part, Cochabamba, Bolivia (spec,
in Paris Museum examined); d'ORBiGNY, Voyage Am£r. mend., Ois., p. 358,
1847 — part, La Paz, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
(?)Geositta cunicularia LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Tafi,
Prov. Tucuman, alt. 2,200 metr. ; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51,
1905 — same locality.
Geositta cunicularia cunicularia HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 206,
1909 — part, Cerro de Jujuy, alt. 2,400 metr.
Geositta frobeni TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 95, 1884 (ex PHILIPPI and LAND-
BECK) ; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 133, note, 1889 — Andahuaylas,
Dept. Ayacucho (crit.)-
Geositta cunicularia frobeni MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 44, 1906 — Andes of Arequipa and Cochabamba, Bolivia (crit.);
BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 128, 1906 — Puno, Peru; MENE-
GAUX, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (10) I, p. 215, 1909 — part, spec, from Pach-
uras Pazna, Lake Poopo, Bolivia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30,
p. 123, 1919 — part, excl. Mendoza and San Juan (monog.).
Range: Temperate Zone (from 6000 ft. upwards) of the Andes in
southern Peru (depts. Ayacucho, Arequipa, and Puno), Bolivia (depts.
La Paz, Oruro, and Cochabamba), northwestern Chile (Prov. Tacna),
and northwestern Argentina (Prov. Jujuy, and probably Tucuman) ».
2: Peru (Puno, Dept. Puno 2).
*Geositta cunicularia juninensis Taczanowskfi. JUNIN MINER.
Geositta cunicularia juninensis TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 93, 1884 — vicinity
of Junin, Peru; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 370 —
Banos, Ingapirca, Dept. Junin.
Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 524
— Junin.
Geositta frobeni (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
I5» P- 6, 1890 — part, spec, d, e, Junin.
Range: Plateau of Junin, Peru.
3: Peru (Junin 3).
a No specimens from Tacna or Tucuman seen. A single adult male from La Qui-
aca, Jujuy, is just a slight shade paler above than a series from Peru (Puno, Lake
Titicaca) and Bolivia (Chililaya, Guaqui, Cochabamba, Oruro).
b Geositta cunicularia juninensis TACZANOWSKI : Similar to G. c. frobeni in buff y
white upper tail-coverts and basal portion of rectrices; but with slenderer bill, paler,
more grayish upper parts, and markings on chest either wholly absent or reduced to
obsolete, pale brown spots. Wing (three males) 91, 97, 97, (two females) 90, 91;
tail (male) 57-58.5, (female) 52, 54; bill 17.5-18.3. Five specimens from Junin
examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 7
*Geositta punensis Dabbene*. PUNA MINER.
Geositta punensis DABBENE, Physis, 3, No. 13, p. 54, March 1917 — La Quiaca,
Prov. Jujuy, Argentina; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 141, 1919 —
Sierra del Caj<5n, Salta; La Quiaca, Jujuy; Prov. Catamarca (monog.).
Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1886, p. 398 —
Sacaya, Sitana, Prov. Tarapaca (spec, examined); PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158,
1888 — Pastes Largos, Prov. Atacama, Chile; LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 449 —
Moreno, Puna de Jujuy (crit.).
Geositta frobeni (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 6, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Tarapaca; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 36 — Sacaya
(spec, examined).
Geositta cunicularia frobeni MENEGAUX, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (10), I, p. 215,
1909 — part, Tacora, Tacna (spec, examined).
Range: Puna Zone of northwestern Argentina (prov. Cata-
marca, Salta, and Jujuy), northern Chile (from Tacna to Atacama), and
western Bolivia (Oruro).
13: Chile (20 miles east of San Pedro, 12,600 ft. 8, Ojo de San
Pedro i, Rio Inacaliri, 12,800 ft., Prov. Antofagasta 2; La Cuevas,
Prov. Tacna 2).
Geositta antarctica Landbeckb. SHORT-BILLED MINER.
Geositta antarctica LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 46 (i), p. 274, pi. 12, 1880 — Tierra
del Fuego; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 133, 1890 — Elizabeth Isl.,
a Geositta punensis DABBENE, an exceedingly distinct species, differs from G. cuni-
cularia frobeni found in the same region, by shorter, weaker, apically much more
curved bill, pinkish cinnamon (instead of buffy white) upper tail-coverts, and by
lacking every trace of spotting on the chest. From G. rufipennis fasciata it can easily
be told by much smaller size, very differently-shaped bill, and the absence of rufous
under the wing and on the flanks.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
One male, La Quiaca, Jujuy 87 50 16
One male, Lago Blanco, Catamarca 90 53 18
Two males, Tacna 94, 96 58, 59 16, 16
Four males, Antofagasta 89-92 51-57 15-16
Two males, Oruro, Bolivia 92, 92 55, 56 14.5, 16
Seven females, Antofagasta S6-92/ 51-57 14.5-16
One female, Oruro, Bolivia 89.5 52 15
The Oruro birds, courteously lent by the Carnegie Museum, are identical with
those from Antofagasta while the topotype from La Quiaca, Jujuy is very slightly
more buffy above. The male from Catamarca is much paler, more sandy and has a
much larger bill.
b Geositta antarctica LANDBECK: In general appearance not unlike G. c. cunicu-
laria, but immediately recognizable by much longer wings and straighter as well as
shorter bill, by having very little, if any dusky spotting on the chest, and by the differ-
ent coloration of the wings. The bright tawny area on the basal portion of the quills,
8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Straits of Magellan; PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 32, pi. 22,
fig. 2, 1902 — Tierra del Fuego; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30,
p. 127, 1919 — Bahia Porvenir, Tierra del Fuego; La Paz, Prov. Mendoza
(monog., range); (?) BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 180, 1923 — Valle
de los Piuquenes, Chile.
Geositta longipennis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 133, 1890 — Eliza-
beth Isl., Straits of Magellan (type in U. S. Nat. Museum examined); DAB-
BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 287, 1910 (ex RIDGWAY).
Geositta brevirostris SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. Ixiii, 1900 — Mount Tigre,
Patagonia (type) and "Central Chile" (spec, in Brit. Museum examined);
SALVADORI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva, (2) 20, p. 617, 1900 — Santa
Cruz, Patagonia.
Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 —
Alto Verde, Prov. Mendoza (spec, now in U. S. Nat. Museum examined).
Geositta sp. REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 29, 1916 — La Paz, Prov. Mendoza.
Range : Tierra del Fuego, southern Patagonia (Santa Cruz, Mount
Tigre) and Straits of Magellan (Elizabeth Island) ; also recorded from
western Argentina (Alto Verde, La Paz, Prov. Mendoza ; Valle del Lago
Blanco, Chubut) and "Central Chile"'.
*Geositta isabellina (Philippi and Landbeck)*. ISABELLINE MINER.
Certhilauda isabellina PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 25, Part 2,
p. 412, Sept. 1864 — Cordilleras of Prov. Santiago, Valle Largo and Los
so conspicuous a feature in the allied G. c. cunicularia, is but slightly suggested by a
dull isabelline tinge on the inner web of the second to the fifth or sixth primary while
the remaining primaries and the secondaries are nearly uniform drab brown, without
a distinct dusky subterminal band. Besides, the wing is more pointed, the first pri-
nary falling between the third and fourth, instead of between the fourth and fifth
as is invariably the case in G. cunicularia, and the light colored base of the lower
mandible is less sharply defined, in young birds even obsolete. The upper tail-cov-
erts are buffy white as in G. c. frobeni. Wing (four females) 103, 103, 106, 108; tail
57. 58, 60, 61; bill 13-14.5. Nine specimens examined.
a The specimen from "Central Chile" (exact locality not stated) in the British
Museum, marked by W. E. D. Scott "G. brevirostris, Cotype," I found to be identi-
cal in every detail with an adult female, secured by L. Plate in January, 1895, at
Punta Anegada, Tierra del Fuego, and perserved in the Berlin Museum. An un-
sexed adult from Alto Verde, Prov. Mendoza, July 6, 1913, obtained by Renato
Sanzin, and an adult female taken by C. Reed near Mendoza in April 1915 (U. S.
Nat. Museum Nos. 237189, 237187) agree, in proportions, shape of bill, and pattern
of wings with the type of G. longipennis RIDGW., from Elizabeth Isl. The absence of
the light base to the lower mandible in Ridgway's type is doubtless due to its imma-
turity which, besides, is emphasized by certain color-characters (e.g. whitish streaks
on forehead, and conspicuous white apical margins to the outer primaries) and the
fluffy texture of the body plumage.
I expect that both "Central Chile" and Mendoza will prove to be winter records.
The breeding range of G. antarctica is probably restricted to southern Patagonia and
Tierra del Fuego.
b Geositta isabellina (PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) : Although not unlike G. cunicularia
frobeni in general color, this is a very distinct species, immediately recognizable by
its large size, and by lacking the dusky edges on the chest and the cinnamon-rufous
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 9
Piuquenes, at elev. of 7,000 to 10,000 ft.; idem, Arch. Naturg., 31 (i), p. 63,
1865 (German translation).
Geositta isabellina SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 323 — Chile; idem, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 7 — Cordillera of Santiago; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La
Plata, 6, p. 291, 1895 — Catamarca; GOSSE in FITZGERALD, The Highest
Andes, p. 344, 1899 — Puente del Inca, Sierra de Mendoza; MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Auttm, 19, p. 45, 1906 — Santiago; DAB-
BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 287, 1910 — Mendoza, Catamarca;
REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 29, 1916 — Precordillera of Mendoza; DAB-
BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 130, 1919 — monog., range; Santa
Catalina, Prov. Jujuy; La Cuevas, Mendoza; (?) BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist.
Nat., 24, p. 143, 1920 — seen at Nilahue", Prov. Curic6, Chile.
Geositta (Certhilauda) isabellina PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 31,
pi. 22, fig. i, 1902 — Chile.
Range : Andes of central Chile (from Prov. Coquimbo to Santiago)
and western Argentina (prov. Mendoza, Catamarca, and Jujuy) a.
i : Chile (Banos del Toro, Prov. Coquimbo i).
*Geositta saxicolina Taczanowskib. BLACK-WINGED MINER.
Geositta saxicolina TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 524 — Junin» Peru;
idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 98, 1884 — plateau of Junin; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 8, 1890 — Junin; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 370 — Ingapirca, Macabamba near Tarma.
Range : Plateau of Junin, Peru,
i: Peru (Junin i).
*Geositta peruviana peruviana Lafresnaye. LITTLE MINER.
Geositta peruviana LAFRESNAYE", Rev. Zool., 10, p. 75, 1847 — vicinity of Lima;
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 98 — dusty plains of Lima; TACZANOWSKI,
I.e., 1874, P- 524 — Lima; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 230 — Pacasmayo; idem, Orn.
area on the basal portion of the outer web of the primaries. Wing 120-122 ; tail 65-66;
bill 20-21. Ten specimens from Bafios del Toro, Coquimbo, and the Cordillera of
Santiago, Chile, and three from Puente del Inca, Prov. Mendoza examined.
a Three specimens from Puente del Inca, Mendoza, which were examined in the
British Museum, agree with others from Chile.
b Geositta saxicolina TACZ. : Differs from G. cunicularia juninensis TACZ., like-
wise occurring in the Junin district, by longer wings and tail, straighter bill, decidedly
darker upper parts, deep buff (instead of creamy- white) superciliaries, pure white
axillars, under wing-coverts and inner quill-lining, and uniform blackish remiges.
There is no trace of dusky markings on the chest. Wing (adult female) 106; tail 64;
bill 16.
0 Lafresnaye's name, based on a single female obtained by Adolph Delattre, un-
questionably refers to the present species (and not to G. maritima), as is evident
from the description of the bill ("bee qui n'est pas jaune a sa base infe'rieure") , wings
("remigibus primariis [duabis primis exceptis] intus fere usque ad extremum pallide
runs") and tail ("rectrices nigrae, prima laterali basi rufescente, limbo externo apice-
que albis, secundo basi limboque externo basali rufescentibus").
io FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
P£r., 2, p. i oo, 1884 — Lima, Pacasmayo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., i,
p. 8, 1890 — Lima; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1892, p. 381 —
Lima, Chorillos, Yea; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, p. 51 — type
from Lima in Coll. Ac. N. Sci. Phila. ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc.
Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 46, 1906 — Lima, Callao.
Range: Arid littoral of Peru, from Prov. Yea north to Prov. Lib-
ertad (Trujillo, Pacasmayo)8.
9: Peru (Trujillo i, Pacasmayo 8).
Geositta peruviana paytae Menegaux and Hellmayr*. PAYTA MINER.
Geositta paytae MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19,
p. 46, 1906 — Payta, Dept. Piura, Peru.
Geositta peruviana paytae BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 452, 1918 — Payta (crit.).
Range: Arid littoral of northwestern Peru (Payta, Dept. Piura).
*Geositta maritima (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny)0. SHORE MINER.
Certhilauda maritima LAFRESNAYE and d'ORBiGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, p. 72, 1837 — Cobija, " Bolivia" = northern Chile (type in Paris Mus-
eum examined); d'ORBiGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 360, pi. 44, fig. i,
1847 — Cobija.
Geositta maritima TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 101, 1884 — Lima, Peru; MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Mein. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 47, 1906 — Cobija
(crit.1.
Range: Arid littoral of northern Chile (prov. Atacama, Anto-
fagasta, and Tarapaca) and western Peru (Lima)d.
• This form is possibly divisible into two local races, birds from the coast of Prov.
Libertad (Pacasmayo, Viru) being decidedly paler, more sandy above, thus pointing
to the still paler G. peruviana paytae. Most of our birds, however, appear to be im-
mature, and one adult from Trujillo more nearly resembles four skins from Lima.
More satisfactory material is required for definite conclusion.
b Geositta peruviana paytae MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR: Similar to G. p.peruviana,
but above conspicuously paler, about "drab gray", with the markings on wing-coverts
and tertials, and superciharies more whitish, less buffy. Wing (six specimens) 77-79;
tail 52.5-56; bill 14.5-15.
• Geositta maritima (LAFRESNAYE and d'ORBiBNY) : Supercifically resembling G. p.
peruviana, but bill more slender with the basal two- thirds of the lower mandible yellow
(flesh-color in life), abruptly defined against the blackish tip; upper parts smoke
gray instead of brownish gray; superciliaries and auriculars deeper, light pinkish
cinnamon rather than buffy whitish; axillars, under wingcoverts, and an extensive
area on the flanks light vinaceous cinnamon; remiges uniform mouse gray, without
any rufous; outer web of outermost rectrix pale ochraceous buff instead of white;
no light-colored zone at base of remaining rectrices or on inner web of outermost
pair. Wing (thirteen males) 82-89, (three females) 82-86; tail 49-57; bill 14-15.
Four specimens from Lima (Coll. American Museum of Natural History, New
York) are slightly darker above, under the wings and on the flanks.
d I cannot imagine what Geositta maritima REED (Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 29,
1916) from the "Precordillera of Mendoza" might possibly be.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. n
13: Chile (Domeyko, 63 kilom. s. of Vallenar 2, Caldera 2, Rama-
dilla, Copiapo Valley, Prov. Atacama 3 ; Chintaguai, Prov. Tarapacd 6) .
*Geositta rufipennis rufipennis (Burmeister}. RED-WINGED MINER.
Ceobamon rufipennis BURMEISTER", Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249, 1860 — near "Parana,
Entrerios," errore! (types in Halle Museum examined); idem, Reise La Plata
St., 2, p. 465, 1861 — near "Parana"; SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith.,
i, p. 1 66, 1888 (ex BURMEISTER).
Geositta rufipennis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 7, 1890 — part, Argentina;
BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 254, 1904 — Santa Catalina, Jujuy; BAER,
Ornis, 12, p. 221, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucuman; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc.,
3, p. 51, 1905 — Cerro Munoz, Lara, Prov. Tucuman; HARTERT and VEN-
TURI, Nov. Zool., 1 6, p. 206, 1909 — Tilcara, Prov. Jujuy; Sierras of Tucu-
man; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 287, 1910 — part, prov.
Tucuman and Jujuy.
Geositta rufipennis fasciata MENEGAUX and HELLMAVR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 45, 1906 — part, spec, e, Lara, Prov. Tucuman.
Geositta rufipennis burmeisteri DABBENE, Physis, 3, No. 13, p. 55, March 1917 —
El Volcan, Prov. Jujuy; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 137, 1919 —
El Volcan, Maimara, Tilcara, Santa Catalina, Prov. Jujuy; Lara, Cerro
Mufioz, Prov. Tucuman; Huancaya, Prov. Catamarca (monog.).
Range: Andes of northwestern Argentina, in provinces of
Catamarca, Tucuman, and Jujuy, at elevations of from 6,000 to
13,000 feet.
2: Argentina (Maimara, Prov. Jujuy 2).
Geositta rufipennis subspA
Geositta rufipennis rufipennis (not of BURMEISTER) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac.
* Much to my regret, I am unable to concur with R. Dabbene in his disposition
of the name rufipennis. Some time after receiving his elaborate paper on the genera
Geositta and Cinclodes, I once more borrowed from the Halle Museum the marked
types of G. rufipennis and found them indistinguishable from specimens taken at
Maimara (Jujuy) and Lara (Tucuman), for which M. Dabbene provides the new
term burmeisteri. There are three specimens in the Museum, marked "Parana,
Geobamon rufipennis Burm. Type" by Burmeister himself: one, an adult, stated to
have been taken in July 1858, the others, young birds, in June 1858. According to
the Museum registers, no other examples of the species were included in Burmeister's
Argentine collection. The under parts of the adult bird are pale grayish buff (whitish
on throat, more buffy on the abdomen), exactly as in one of the Maimara specimens,
while the young birds, with their lighter creamy whitish lower surface, are more like a
male from Lara, Prov. Tucuman. The term "rothlichgrau", used by Burmeister in
the preliminary description (1860), corresponds well to the adult bird of the Halle
Museum. The passage: "Unterseite weiss; die Brust gelbgrau uberlaufen," as given
in the "Reise," can, without difficulty, be construed as a more exact expression of
the same bird's actual coloration, the breast being, in fact, slightly more grayish
buff than either throat or abdomen. Under these circumstances, I do not see
how we can avoid using Burmeister's name rufipennis for the pale-bellied form of
northwestern Argentina, and we accordingly suggest Sierra of Tucuman as type
locality.
b Geositta rufipennis subsp. : Three adult females (in worn breeding plumage)
from Gob. del Rio Negro (two from Huanuluan, one from head of Arroyo Cumallo)
12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
B. Aires, 30, p. 132, 1919 — part, Leleque, Chubut; PETERS, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zoo}., 65, p. 312, 1923 — El Escorial, Huanuluan, Talagapa, Gob. del
Rio Negro.
Range : Western Argentina, in the elevated districts of the provinces
of Rio Negro (Huanuluan ; head of Arroyo Cumallo) and Chubut (Lele-
que, Maiten).
*Geositta rufipennis fasciata (Philippi and Landbeck}*. BANDED MINER.
Geobamon fasciatus PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 25, Part 2, p. 415,
Sept. 1864 — prov. Santiago and Colchagua, Chile; idem, Arch. Naturg., 31
(i), p. 68, 1865 (reprint in German).
Geositta fasciata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 323 — Chile; GOSSE in FITZ-
GERALD, The Highest Andes, p. 344, 1899 — Horcones and Cuevas Valleys,
12,000 ft., Aconcagua district, Prov. Mendoza (spec, examined).
Geositta rufipennis (not of BURMEISTER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 7,
1890 — part, spec, a-d, f, g, Santiago, Chile, Bolivia; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb.,
Suppl., 4, p. 710, 1898 — part, No. 42, 86, Ovalle, Totoralillo, near Coquimbo.
Geositta (Geobamon) rufipennis PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 30,
pi. 21, fig. 2, 1902 — Chile.
Geositta rufipennis fasciata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 45, 1906 — part, spec, a-d, Chile (crit.).
Geositta rufipennis REED, El Hornero, i, p. 270, 1919 — Casa de Piedra, Prov.
Mendoza (nest descr.).
Geositta rufipennis rufipennis (errore) BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 179,
1923 — Cordilleras of Aconcagua; Cerros de Reuca, Prov. Santiago.
Range: Andes of Chile (south to Colchagua), western Bolivia
(Oruro)b, and western Argentina (Prov. Mendoza) c.
24: Chile (Caldera 3, Quebrada del Leon, near Caldera 12, Dom-
eyko, Prov. Atacama i , Romero i ; Bafios del Toro, Prov. Coquimbo 5 ;
Maipo i, San Bernardo, Prov. Santiago i).
and a newly molted male from Maiten, Rio Chubut agree in size with G. r. rufipennis,
of Jujuy, but the upper parts are gray without any brownish tinge, while the breast
is more strongly shaded with grayish. They look different from typical rufipennis,
as I understand it, but some of our Chilean specimens, notably those from Santiago
run so very close in coloration that I do not venture to separate the form without
more satisfactory material. Wing (male) no, (three females) 109, no, no; tail
61-65; bill 14.5-16.
• Geositta rufipennis fasciata (PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) : Very similar to G. r. rufi-
pennis, but smaller (wing 98-105 against 107-113; tail 57-63 against 62-68), and
rufous under the wings and on flanks on average lighter. This is rather un unsatis-
factory form, nearly all of its alleged characters proving to be variable.
b An adult male and three immature birds taken by J. Steinbach at Oruro, Bolivia,
in December 1921, and kindly loaned by the Carnegie Museum, are perfectly identi-
cal with the Chilean series.
c Three specimens from Puente del Inca, coll. Fitzgerald, in the British Museum
are identical with those from Chile, being much deeper buff below than rufipennis,
and much less grayish throughout as well as smaller than the Chubut race.
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 13
"Geositta tenuirostris (Lafresnaye) . SLENDER-BILLED MINER.
Alauda tenuirostris LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 6, cl. 2, p. 7 of text to pi. 58-59,
1836 — coll. d'Orbigny (no locality given, the types examined in Paris Mus-
eum are from Sicasica, Bolivia).
Certhilauda tenuirostris LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, p. 72, 1837 — Sicasica, Cochabamba, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voy.
Amer. mend., Ois., p. 359, pi. 43, fig. 2, 1847 — Cavari, Prov. Sicasica; Cocha-
bamba, Bolivia.
Ceositta tenuirostris^ SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 153 — Tinta,
Tungasuca, s.e. of Cuzco, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, l.c., 1874, P- 524 — Maray-
nioc; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 200 — Cutervo; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 96, 1884 —
Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 9, 1890 — Tungasuca, Tinta, Peru,
Bolivia; SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 13, 1895 — Cajamarca; BERLEPSCH and
STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Ingapirca, Tarma, Junin distr.;
LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Sierra de Malamala, Prov.
Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — same locality; BAER,
Ornis, 12, p. 221, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucuman; MENEGAUX and HELL M AYR,
Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 49, 1906 — Sicasica, Bolivia; Lara,
Tucuman; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 206, 1909 — Prov. Tucu-
man; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 287, 1910— -Cuesta de Mala-
mala, (?) Mendoza; idem, I.e., 30, p. 144, 1919 (monog., range); CHAPMAN,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 81, 1921 — La Raya, Cuzco, Occobamba Pass,
Huaracondo Canyon, Tirapata, Puno, Peru; Tafi del Valle, Prov. Tucuman,
Tilcara, Prov. Jujuy.
Upucerthia juninensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, p. 20, 1914 — Junin, Peru.
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru (from Dept. Caja-
marca southward), Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina (prov. Jujuy
and Tucuman)b.
7: Peru (Mts. near Otuzco i, Huanuco Mts. 2, Huanuco Viejo 2,
Junin i); Argentina (Lara, Prov. Tucuman i).
*Geositta crassirostris Sclater. THICK-BILLED MINER.
Ceositta crassirostris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 98 — "on the hills around
Lima and by the sea-side"; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 10, pi. i, 1890 —
Lima; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 95, 1884 — Lima.
• Geositta tenuirostris apud BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249, 1860 — "bei
Mendoza and Parand" — was an erroneous record (see Bunneister, Reise La Plata St.
2, p. 465, 1861). There is no reliable authority for its occurrence in either. of these
localities.
b With eight specimens from northern Peru (Cajamarca, Otuzco), one from Junin,
eleven from Cuzco, four from Huanuco, one from Bolivia (Iquico) and two from
Prov. Tucuman (Cuesta de Malamala, Lara) before me I am unable to make out
any local races although there is much individual variation in the shade of both upper
and lower parts. Birds from Tucuman are rather more grayish above than the others,
but are exactly matched by one from Junin. Specimens from northern Peru average
very slightly smaller.
14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. .
(?) Geositta fortis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN,* Ornis, n, No. 2-3, p. 194, Nov.
1901 — Pauza, Loichos, Dept. Ayacucho; idem, I.e., 13, p. 70 — same locali-
ties.
Range: Western Peru, in depts. Lima (Matucana, Lima) and Aya-
cucho (Pauza, Loichos), from sea-level up to 8,000 feet.
3: Peru (Matucana, above Lima 3).
Genus FURNARIUS Vieillot.
Furnarius VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Ornith. e!6m., p. 47, 1816 — type "Fournillier"
Buffon = Fournier (Hist. Nat. Ois., £dit. Impr. Roy., 6, p. 523) = Merops
rufus GMELIN.
Opetiorynchos TEMMINCK, Man. d'Orn., 2nd ed., i, p. LXXXIII, 1820 — type by
monotypy Merops rufus GMELIN.
Figulus SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 76, 1824 — type by monotypy Figulus albogularis
SPIX.
Ipnodomus GLOGER, Gemeinnutz. Hand- & Hilfsbuch Naturg., p. 304, 1842 —
type by monotype Turdus figulus LICHTENSTEIN.
*Fumarius rufus rufus (Gmelin). RED OVEN-BIRD.
Merops rufus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), p. 465, 1788 — based on Buffon & Dau-
benton, PI. enl. 739, Buenos Aires.
Furnarius rufus GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 64, 1839 — Banda Oriental,
banks of the La Plata, Maldonado; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. me'rid., Ois.,
p. 250, 1839 — part, mouth of the La Plata, Buenos Aires, Corrientes; BUR-
MEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Argentina; idem, Reise La Plata St.,
2, p. 462, 1861 — eastern Argentina; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1868, p. 140 — Conchitas; STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 264, 1869 — Buenos
Aires (breeding habits); DOERING, Period. Zool. Arg., i, p. 252, 1874 — Rio
Guayquiraro, Corrientes; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1876, p. 160 — Buenos Aires; idem,
I.e., 1877, p. 179 — Baradero; GIBSON, Ibis, 1880, p. 16 — Cape San Antonio
(breeding habits) : idem, I.e., 1885, p. 280 — Paysandu, Uruguay; DALGLEISH,
Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 6, p. 242, 1881 — Est. Tala, Prov. Durazno,
Uruguay (eggs descr.); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 609 — Monte Grande
(breeding habits) ; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 204, 1883 — Concep-
tion del Uruguay, Entrerios; HOLMBERG, Act. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 5, p. 79,
1884 — La Tinta, Prov. B. Aires; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn.,
2, p. 141, 1885 — Taquara, Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and
HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 167, 1888 — Argentina, Uruguay; WITHINGTON,
Ibis, 1888, p. 467 — Lomas de Zamora; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac.
Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. n, 1890 — part, Uruguay and Argentina; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1890, p. 425;
• Geositta fortis is almost certainly synonymous with G. crassirostris. Sclater's
type which I have examined is a young bird whose bill has not attained its full
length. The adults from Matucana are quite as large (wing 93-97; bill 27-28.5) as
the types of G. fortis, and differ considerably among themselves in the shade of the
upper parts, one being much darker than the others.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 15
1892, p. 201 — Est. Espartillar; APLIN, I.e., 1894, p. 181 — Uruguay; IHERING,
Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Mundo Novo, Sao
Lourenco, Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 227,
1907 (range); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 126 — part, Las Ynglases, Aj6, Prov.
Buenos Aires; Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIBSON, I.e., 1918, p. 407 — Cape San
Antonio, B. Aires; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Uruguay;
DAGUERRE, I.e., 2, p. 228, 1921 (nest); idem, I.e., 2, p. 268, 1922 — Rosas,
Prov. B. Aires; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 47, 1923 — Rio Alcaraz, near
Santa Elena, Entrerios; (?) GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 72 — La Rioja;. PEREYRA,
l.c., p. 167 — Zelaya, B. Aires.
Furnarius rufus rufus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 49 — part, spec, a-c, f , g, Montevideo, Maldonado, Corrientes; Boavista,
"Saint- Paul"8; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 — part,
Monte, Barracas al Sud. Prov. B. Aires; Mocovi, Prov. Santa Fe"; La Soledad,
Entrerios; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 288, 1910 — part, excl.
. . Tucuman; HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 391, 1916 — La Plata; DABBENE, El Hornero,
i, p. 167, 1918 — Isla do San Martin Garcia; (?) REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza,
p. 30, 1916 — Mendozab; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires)
for 1922-23, p. 639, 1924 — eastern Argentina, Uruguay.
Furnarius badius (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 403 — part,
Buenos Aires, Conchitas, Banda Oriental0.
Range: Southern Brazil, in states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa
Catharina, and Parand (Boavista, Morungaba); Uruguay; eastern
Argentina, in provinces of Corrientes, Entrerios, Santa Fe, Cordoba,
and Buenos Airesd.
12: Argentina (Estancia La Maria Luisa, Bonifacio, F. C. Sud,
near Guamini, Prov. Buenos Aires 4, Noetinger, F. C. C. A., Prov.
Cordoba 8).
a Boavista, erroneously assumed by the authors (l.c. p. 50) to be in Santa Cath-
arina, is — as we learn from Saint-Hilaire's "Voyage dans les prov. Saint-Paul et
Sainte-Cathe'rine," 2, p. 39, 1851 — a farm, not far from the Rio Jaguaraiba, five days'
journey south of Itarare", State of Parana.
b No reliable record appears to exist for the occurrence of the Oven-bird in the
Prov. of Mendoza.
0 Pelzeln was misled in his conclusions by a wrongly labeled example. On exam-
ining "the typical specimen (female) [of F. badius] received in 1824 from the Museum
at Berlin" (Ibis, 1881, p. 404), I find it very different from the Oven-bird of Sao
Paulo, Rip de Janeiro, and Minas Geraes (F. r. badius). It agrees, however, minutely
with specimens of typical rufus from Buenos Aires, and in spite of the locality "Sao
Paulo" on the old Museum tag (there is no original label) I am perfectly convinced
that it was actually collected much farther south, either in Rio Grande do Sul or in
Argentina.
d Birds from southern Brazil (Parana, Rio Grande do Sol), Entrerios, Uruguay
and Cordoba (Noetinger) are absolutely identical with those from Buenos Aires,
and show not the slightest approach to the neighboring races badius and commersoni.
Material examined: Prov. Buenos Aires 15, Uruguay 4, Entrerios (Concepcion del
Uruguay) i, Noetinger, Prov. Cordoba 8, Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco, Arroio
Grande, Taquara, Santa Maria, Bage) 5, Parana (Boavista, Morungaba ) 2.
16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Furnarius rufus paraguayae Cherrie and Reichenberger*. INTERMEDI-
ATE RED OVEN-BIRD.
Furnarius rufus paraguayae CHERRIE and REICHENBERGER, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
27t P- 5> Dec. 1921 — Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay (type examined).
Furnarius rufus (not of GMELIN) DALGLEISH, Prov. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 10,
p. 79, 1889 — Ytafiu, Paraguay; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 131 — Fortin Donovan,
R. Pilcomayo; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 —
Paraguari, Luque, Paraguay; KERR, Ibis, 1901, p. 226 — Villa Concepcion,
Paraguay, Chaco; OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 —
Sapucay, Paraguay; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 —
Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — Tucuman; BAER,
Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Santa Ana, Tapia, Tucuman; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910,
p. 523 — Sapucay; GRANT, I.e., 1911, p. 126 — part, Santa Rosa, Tayru (Para-
guay), Col. Mihanovitch (Terr. Formosa), Porto Esperanca (Matto Grosso).
Furnarius rufus rufus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 49, 1906 — part, spec, h, Tapia, Tucuman; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov,
Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 — part, Santa Ana, Tucuman; DABBENE, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 288, 1910 — part, Tucuman.
Furnarius albigularis (not of SPIX) BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Santa Ana,
Tucuman.
Furnarius rufus commersoni (not of PELZELN) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B.
Aires, 23, p. 305, 1912 — Villa Rica, Paraguay (crit.); CHERRIE and REICHEN-
BERGER, Amer. Mus. Novit., 27, p. 6, 1921 — part, Perico (Jujuy), Embarca-
ci6n (Salta).
Range: Paraguay, and northern Argentina (in prov. Formosa,
Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy).
*Furnarius rufus commersoni Pelzeln*. COMMERSON'S OVEN-BIRD.
Furnarius commersoni PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 34, note 2, 1868, — part,
• Furnarius rufus paraguayae CHERRIE and REICHENBERGER: Similar to F. r .
rufus, but smaller ; upper parts less grayish ; forehead and nape more decidedly washed
with rufous. Wing (male) 94-98, (female) 88-95.
The type (evidently a wrongly sexed female), and two adult males from Trini-
dad and Villa Concepcion, Paraguay agree well with each other and the above diag-
nosis. A newly-molted female from Bernalcu6 (east of Asunci6n), however, is much
more deeply colored below, approaching certain specimens of commersoni. Birds
from n.w. Argentina are even more variable. While two females from Tapia (Prov.
Tucuman) and a male from Rosario (Orillas, Rio Bermejo, Chaco Salteno) are in
no way distinguishable from F. r. rufus, two from Tafi Viejo, Tucuman cannot be
told from the Bernalcu6 bird. Three young birds (Perico, Prov. Jujuy; Embarca-
ci6n, Prov. Salta) are even brighter throughout, being in fact barely separable from
commersoni. I fully agree with Dabbene's contention that birds from Paraguay
and n.w. Argentina are merely intergrades between rufus and commersoni, and the
propriety of recognizing such intermediate races in nomenclature might well be
questioned.
b Furnarius rufus commersoni PELZELN: Very similar to F. r. badius, but on
average smaller; upper parts brighter and more rufous; breast and sides generally
lighter, and center of abdomen extensively white. All of the characters are, however,
variable and single specimens, particularly in worn plumage, cannot always be dis-
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 17
Cuyaba, Matto Grosso designated as type locality*; SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 619 — Tilotilo, Bolivia.
Furnarius badius var., PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 114, 1859 — part, Cuyaba.
Furnarius rufus (not of GMELIN) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 250,
1839 — part, Chiquitos, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Valle Grande, Cochabamba,
Bolivia; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 17, 1897 —
Caiza, Bolivia.
Furnarius albogularis (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 405 — part, descr.
and hab. Cuyaba, Tilotilo, Bolivia; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 88,
1889 — "La Paz", Bolivia; idem, I.e., 5, p. 1 1 1, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso.
Furnarius albigularis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. n, 1890 — part, spec,
b-d, g-i, Chapada, Cuyaba; Tilotilo, Bolivia.
Furnarius rufus commersoni MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mein. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 50, 1906 — Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, Bolivia (crit.); MENEGAUX,
Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 9, p. 56, 1917 — Caceres, Amaca, Barra-Caceres, Matto
Grosso; CHERRIE and REICHENBERGER, Amer. Mus. Novit., 27, p. 6, 1921 —
part, Chapada, Uructim.
Range: Interior of Brazil, in State of Matto Grosso (Cuyabd,
Chapada, San Luis de Caceres, Amaca, Urucum), and Bolivia (in depts.
Beni, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, and Sucre)b.
3: Bolivia (Parotani, Prov. Cochabamba 2, Trinidad, Rio Ma-
more i).
*Furnarius rufus badius (Lichtenstein) . WHITE-THROATED OVEN-BIRD.
Turdus badius LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 40, 1823 — Sao
Paulo (type in Berlin Museum examined).
Figulus albogularis SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 76, pi. 78, 1824 — Rio Verde [near Cam-
panha], s.w. Minas Geraes (types in Munich Museum examined).
Opetiorhynchus ruficaudus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 671, 1831 —
Minas Geraes.
Furnarius rufus (not of GMELIN) BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., i, p. 167, 1853 —
(nesting habits); idem, Reise Brasil., p. 312, 455, 606, 1853 — Faz. Mainarte,
s. of Marianna; Santa Rita, Rio das Velhas, Minas Geraes (habits); idem,
tinguished with certainty. Wing (nine males from Matto Grosso) 89-95, (six fe-
males) 85-93.
a Although examination of the original series in the Vienna Museum, proves two
of the specimens (from Tenente Borges and Araguay) referred by Pelzeln to his
commersoni, to belong to F. r. badius, the characters, viz. slenderer bill, lighter auricu-
lars, cinnamon rufous edges to the primaries, etc., apply only to the Cuyabd birds,
when comparison is made with the two Rio examples of F. badius. Accordingly,
we designate Cuyaba, Matto Grosso as type locality.
b Bolivian examples are larger, thereby approaching F. r. rufus, without, however,
reaching its maximum measurements; the majority, besides, average paler, espe-
cially below, than those from eastern Matto Grosso (Cuyabd, Chapada), but so
many specimens are indistinguishable that I do not advocate the recognition of
another race. Wing (ten males) 95-103, (fourteen females) 94-100.
1 8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
•
Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 3, 1856 — Minas Geraes; IHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 3, p. 219, 1899 — Cachoeira, Piquete, Sao Paulo.
Furnarius badius PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34,
p. 114, 1859 — Ri° de Janeiro; idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 34, 1868 — Rio de Jan-
eiro (spec, examined); idem, Ibis, 1881, p. 403 — part, Faz. Mainarte, foot of
Itacolumi, Minas; Rio de Janeiro.
Furnarius badius var., PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 114, 1859 — part, Tenente Borges, Araguay, State of Goyaz.
Furnarius commersoni PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 34, 1869 — part, Tenente
Borges, Araguay, Goyaz (spec, examined).
Furnarius ruficaudus REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 388
— Capellinha near Catalao, Goyaz; Paracatu, Minas Geraes.
Furnarius albogularis PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 405 — part, Rio Verde, Minas;
Tenente Borges, Goyaz; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 242, 1889
(WiEo's type); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. n, 1890 — part, Brazil;
IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, p. 299, 1902 — Campinas, Sao Paulo; Vargem
Alegre, near Marianna, Minas (egg).
Furnarius albigularis REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76,
p. 69, 1910 — Joazeiro, Barra do Rio Grande, Bahia.
Furnarius rufus badius HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3,
p. 626, 1906 (crit.) ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 51, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro; Rio Doce, Mmas Geraes; IHERING, Cat. F,
Braz., I, p. 228, 1907 — Cachoeira, Caconde, Campinas, Pirassununga, Prov.
Sao Paulo; Marianna, Minas Geraes; CHERRIE and REICHENBERGER, Amer.
Mus. Novit., 27, p. 6, 1921 — La Raiz, foot of Organ Mts., Prov. Rio.
Range: Eastern Brazil, from Bahia (valley of the Sao Francisco)
and Goyaz (Tenente Borges, near Bomfim; Capellinha, near Catalao;
Araguay, west of Goyaz city) through Minas Geraes and Rio de Jan-
eiro south to Sao Paulo".
5 : Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes 5) .
*Furnarius leucopus leucopus Swainsonb. PALE-LEGGED OVEN-BIRD.
Furnarius leucopus SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 325, Dec. 1837 — Guiana =
British Guiana; SCHOMBURGK, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 688; 3, p. 13, 1848 —
near the mouth of the Pirara and Mahu Rivers, Brit. Guiana; PELZELN,
Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 115, 1859 — part, Forte
do Rio Branco, Rio Amajau; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — part, Forte
do Rio Branco, Rio Amajau; SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Ornith., p. 8, 1867.
"The type of F. badius and other specimens from Sao Paulo (Rebucao) are
identical with a series from Minas Geraes (12), Rio de Janeiro (4) and Goyaz (2).
b Furnarius leucopus leucopus SWAINSON is characterized by its blackish brown
upper mandible, uniform blackish inner web of first primary, decidedly rufescent
brown (between Prouts' brown and bister) pileum, and by having the wings deeper
rufous than the back. Wing 84-90; tail 52-58; bill 19-21.75. Seven specimens from
the Rio Branco, two from British Guiana examined.
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 19
— part, Brit. Guiana, Rio Branco; PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 406 — Guiana, Rio
Branco, Rio Amajau (monog.); SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 418 (ex SCHOMBURGK);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 13, 1890 — part, spec, a, Brit. Guiana;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 321, 1914 (range).
Furnarius leucopus leucopus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 58, 1908 — Brit.
Guiana, Rio Branco, Rio Amajau; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 87,
1921 — Upper Takutu, Ireng R. Demerara.
Range : Interior of British Guiana (Pirara, Demerara, Takutu and
Ireng Rivers) and northern Brazil (Rio Branco and Rio Amajau, Rio
Negro district).
3: Brazil (base of Serra da Lua, near Boavista, Rio Branco 3).
*Furnarius leucopus assimilis Cdbanis and Heine*. SOUTHERN PALE-
LEGGED OVEN-BIRD.
Furnarius assimilis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 22, 1859 — "Brasilien"
(we suggest Bahia as type locality); PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 406 — Cuyaba
(monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 14, 1890 — Brazil; MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 53, 1906 — Bahia; IHER-
ING, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 228, 1907 — Bahia; REISER, Denks. math, naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 70, 1910 — Pedrinha, Lake of Parnagua, Therezina,
Piauhy; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 127 — Mirin, Rio Paraguay, Mattb Grosso;
IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul ., 9, p. 435, 475, 1914 — Cidade da Barra, Bahia
(egg. descr.).
Furnarius leucopus assimilis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., is, p. 57, 58— Rio Ara-
guaya, Goyaz (range).
a Furnarius leucopus assimilis CABANIS and HEINE: Differs from F. I. leucopus
in much lighter, tawny rather than amber brown back, wings and tail, horn brown
instead of blackish upper mandible, much broader, as well as lighter cinnamomeous
wing-bar, and by having a very distinct cinnamomeous spot on the inner web of
the outermost primary.
There is much individual variation in the extent of the pale spot on the first
primary, though it is always present in specimens from eastern Brazil (Maranhao,
Piauhy, Ceara, Bahia, and Goyaz). The under parts are likewise variable, many
examples being as extensively and deeply ochraceous tawny below as F. I. leucopus,
while others, irrespective of localities, have only the chest ochraceous buff, shading
into buff along the flanks. Birds from Ceara and Maranhao prove to be inseparable
from Bahia specimens. Two adult females from Goyaz (Rio Araguaya), while other-
wise agreeing with eastern birds, have the pileum darker, almost sooty blackish.
In Matto Grosso, F. 1. assimilis gradually passes into F. I. torridus, of Bolivia and
Upper Amazonia. Birds from that province have the cinnamomeous wing-bar nar-
rower, and the light spot on the inner web of the outermost primary is decidedly
smaller or, in seven out of fourteen, even missing. While specimens from the Cuy-
aba district agree with assimilis, although the wings sometimes incline to a darker
tone, those from the upper stretches of the Paraguay river (Descalvados, Corumba,
Puerto Suarez) have the wings and tail fully as deeply colored as torridus. The col-
oration of the under parts in Matto Grosso examples is subject to much the same
individual variation as in the series from the eastern states of Brazil.
Material examined— Bahia, trade-skins 12, Lamarao i; Ceara 4; Piauhy, Ibiapaba
5, Deserto 2, Arara i, Pedrinha 2, Therezina i; Maranhao, Miritiba i, Codo 3;
Goyaz, Rio Araguaya 2: Matto Grosso, Cuyaba 6, Cachocira i, San Lorenzo
River i, Descalvados i, Corumba 2; Bolivia, Purto Suarez 3.
20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Opetiorhynchus rufus (errore) THIENEMANN, Fortpflanzungsg. ges. Vogel, p. 136,
1848 — (nests coll. by Natterer [at Cuyaba] described).
Furnarius leucopus (not of SWAINSON) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, Kl., 31, p. 322, 1858 — nests from Cuyaba; idem, I.e., 34, p. 115.
1859 — part, Cuyabd; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — part, Cuyaba; SCLATER
and SALVIN, Exotic Ornith., p. 8, 1867 — part, Cuyaba; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 13, 1890 — part, spec, e, "Cuyaba" [ = Cachoeira], Matto
Grosso (spec, examined); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. in, 1893 —
Corumbd, Matto Grosso.
Funiarius leucopus cearae CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 339
1916 — Quixada, Serra Baturite", Ceara.
Range: Brazil, from Maranhao, Ceara, and Piauhy south to Bahia
and Goyaz, west to Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, San Lorenzo River, Cachoe-
ira (near Cuyabd), Descalvados, Corumbd) and southeastern Bolivia
(Puerto Suarez, Rio Paraguay).
14: Brazil (Quixada i, Serra Baturite, Ceara 2; Codo, Maranhao 3;
Ibiapaba 5, Arara i, Deserto, Piauhy 2).
*Furnarius leucopus torridus Sclater and Salvin*. PALE-BILLED OVEN-
BIRD.
Furnarius torridus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 183 — Ucayali
River, Peru (type in Biritish Museum examined); idem, I.e., 1867, p. 978 —
• Furnarius leucopus torridus SCLATER and SALVIN: Similar to F. I. leucopus in
having wings and tail conspicuously darker rufous than back, the inner web of
the outermost primary uniform (or with but a small light spot), and the cinnamom-
eous transverse bar on the succeeding remiges relatively restricted; but differs by
sooty or earthy brown (instead of decidedly rufescent brown) pileum, lighter (partly
whitish) upper mandible, and more extensive black bases to the under tail coverts.
Pervian birds exhibit, in the intensity of both upper and lower parts, a striking
amount of variation, which appears to be purely individual. The types of F. tor-
ridus from the Ucayali, a male from Santa Cruz, R. Huallaga, and a female collected
by the Castelnau expedition at Pebas have the back almost as deep amber brown as
wings and tail, while the under surface of the body is extensively bright ochraceous
tawny. Three other examples from Pebas, including the type of F. leucopus haux-
welli, one from Sarayacu, R. Ucayali, two from the headwaters of the Huallaga, and
five from Moyobamba are decidedly paler on the back, while the much lighter ochra-
ceous color below is chiefly restricted to the chest and flanks. The two "phases"
being connected by intermediates, are, I have no doubt, merely the extremes of indi-
vidual variation. An exceptionally fine series of F. tricolor which thanks to the cour-
tesy of Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd I have been enabled to examine, agrees perfectly with
the lighter colored set from Peru, and the only difference I can perceive is that most
of the Bolivian and Purus specimens have a somewhat larger, heavier bill. Two
males from Astillero, Carabaya, in the American Museum of Nat. Hist., New York,
are precisely similar. The pale spot on the inner web of the outermost primary is,
as a rule, altogether missing or but faintly suggested. Only one each from Moyo-
bamba, Cercado de Santa Cruz and Palmarito, Chiquitos, Bolivia and four from the
Purus show a small, well-defined cinnamomeous spot. Some of the skins from the
Huallaga and Moyobamba approach leucopus by their brownish maxilla and a slight
rufescent tinge on the crown.
Material. — Peru: Pebas 4, Elvira (near Pebas) i, Moyobamba 5, Rio Ucayali 3,
Santa Cruz, R. Huallaga i, headwaters of the Huallaga 2, Astillero, Carabaya 2.-
Brazil: Lower Splimoes 2, Rio Punis 28.- Bolivia: Santa Cruz i, Cercado de Santa
Cruz i, Buenavista 2, Prov. del Sara i, Palmarito, Rio San Julian, Chiquitos 5.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 21
Pebas (spec, examined); idem, Exotic Ornith., p. 7, 8, pi. 4, 1867 — Rio Ucay-
ali; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 268 — Ucayali, Santa Cruz, Pebas; PEL-
ZELN, Ibis, 1 88 1, p. 407 — same localities; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 104,
1884 — same localities; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 15, pi. 2, 1890 —
Ucayali, Santa Cruz; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M&n. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 52, 1906 — Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali, Pebas, Peru (crit.); MENE-
GAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., No. 20, p. 322, 1910 — Tocache, Peru; SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 320, 1914 — Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, Rio Punis.
Furnarius tricolor GIEBEL, Zeits. ges. Naturw., 31, p. n, 1868 — Bolivia = Santa
Cruz de la Sierra (type in Halle Museum examined).
Furnarius leucopus hauxwelli CHUBB, Bull Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, p. 87, 1918 —
Pebas, Peru (type examined).
Furnarius leucopus (not of SWAINSON) BARTLETT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 373 —
Elvira, Peru (spec, examined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 104, 1884 —
Tarapoto, Moyobamba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 13, 1890 — part,
spec, b, c, Pebas, Elvira, Peru; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 13, 1908 —
Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, Rio Purus (spec, examined).
Range: Upper Amazonia, from the north bank of the Marafion
(Pebas, Elvira) and the lower Solimoes through Peru (Ucayali and
Huallaga valleys; Astillero, Carabaya) and western Brazil (Rio Purvis)
south to northern and eastern Bolivia.
6: Peru (Moyobamba 5); Bolivia (Buenavista i).
*Furnarius leucopus longirostris Pelzeln. NORTHERN PALE-LEGGED
OVEN-BIRD.
Furnarius longirostris PELZELN", Sitzungsber. math, naturwiss. Kl. Ak. Wiss.
Wien, 20, p. 158, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1856 — Venezuela (type in Vienna Museum exam-
ined); idem, Ibis, 1881, p. 409 (part, descr. of type only).
Furnarius agnatus SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 61, 159,
1873 — "Columbia littoralis in vicin. urbis S. Martha," the type came from
Valle Dupar [=Valle de Upar] (see SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1879, P- 197);
SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 — Valle de Upar; PELZELN, I.e., 1881,
p. 408 — Santa Marta, Valle Dupar (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 14, 1890 — same localities; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 138,
1898 — Santa Marta; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 159, 1900 —
Bonda (nest and eggs) ; CHAPMAN, I.e., 36, p. 400, 1917 — Turbaco, near Cartha-
gena; Calamar, Boca de Chimi, Puerto Berrio, Malena, Rio Magdalena.
8 Recent comparison of the type kindly lent by the authorities of the Vienna
Museum leaves not the slightest doubt as to F. longirostris being the same as F. agna-
tus, of the Santa Marta region. It is really inconceivable that Pelzeln who, when
reviewing the genus, had both types before him, did not recognize their identity,
but associated his longirostris with the Ecuadorian F. cinnamomeus, from which the
type specimen differs at a glance by shorter wings and tail, much paler, more gray-
ish pileum, narrower ochraceous wing-bar, and especially by lacking every trace of
the large, well-defined ochraceous spot on the inner web of the outermost primary.
22 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Furnarius leucopus agnatus TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 295,
1922 — Rio Hacha, La Goajira.
Furnarius agnatus venezuelensis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser.,
i, p. 291, 1913 — Rio Aurare, east of Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela.
Furnarius leucopus exilis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, p. 74, 1920 — Funda-
ci6n, Santa Marta district; idem and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
p. 296, 1922 — Bonda, Cienaga, Mamatoco, Santa Marta, Tierra Nueva,
Gaira, Fundaci6n, Tucurinca.
Range: Arid littoral of northwestern Venezuela (Rio Aurare, east
of Maracaibo, Zulia) and northern Colombia (Goajira Peninsula, Santa
Marta district, and lower Magdalena valley)*.
2 : Venezuela (Rio Aurare, east of Maracaibo 2).
*Furnarius leucopus endoecus Coryb. CORY'S PALE-LEGGED OVEN-
BIRD.
Furnarius agnatus endoecus CORY, Auk, 36, p. 89, 1919 — Encontrados, southwest
of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela.
a In coloration and length of bill, the type of F. longirostris (Vienna Museum
No. 19879) is practically identical with an adult bird from Rio Hacha, Goajira
(Carnegie Museum No. 45637), which Mr. Todd is no doubt right in assuming to
represent F. agnatus, originally based upon a specimen from Valle de Upar. Both are
in worn faded plumage, Pelzeln's type more so than the other, which accounts for its
slightly smaller measurements. Eleven specimens from the western side of the Santa
Marta Mountains, F. I. exilis TODD, are more richly colored throughout, being of a
deeper rufous above and darker ochraceous below, with less white on the abdomen.
They are, however, all in fresh plumage, and the differences separating the series
from the Goajira specimen and Pelzeln's type are well within the range of individual
variation to be observed in other races of this group, e.g. F. 1. torridus or F. I. assimi-
lis. Furthermore, two examples from the Rio Aurare, east of Maracaibo, except
for their slightly whiter middle of the belly, agree much better with the birds from
the west (exilis) than with those from the east (longirostris) side of the Santa Marta
Mountains. As far as size is concerned, the pale-colored Rio Hacha "female" is
indeed much larger than specimens of the same sex from the Rio Aurare and the
western slope which agree with each other, but I strongly suspect it to be a wrongly
sexed male. Until more satisfactory material from Venezuela comes to hand, I am
not inclined to subdivide the pale-legged Oven-bird of the Caribbean coast region.
If there is more than one form, the name longirostris has to replace agnatus for the
eastern bird, while the western race is entitled to Todd's term exilis.
Specimens from the Magdalena Valley we have not seen. They may form the
transition to endoecus, or be actually referable to it.
WING TAIL BILL
Type of F. longirostris, Venezuela 92 (worn) 52 (worn) 24
One "female," Rio Hacha, Goajira 96 56 25
T wo males (incl. type of F. agnatus), Valle de Upar 93,95 54.55 22.5,24.5
One adult male, Santa Marta 95.5 59 24
Two adult males, Mamatoco 94, 97 57,58 23.5,24
One adult male, Fundaci6n 90 55 23
Four adult females, Santa Marta, Tucurinca,
Fundaci6n 85,85,90,92 48,49,53,53 22
Two adult females, Rio Aurare, Venezuela 89,90 55,56 23,23.5
b Furnarius leucopus endoecus CORY: Similar in size and coloration to western
specimens of F. I. longirostris (exilis), but upper parts much darker, deep tawny
rather than ochraceous tawny. Wing ( 9ad.)87; tail 50; bill 22. While the type can-
not be matched by any other example, I should like to see more material of this race.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 23
Range: Northwestern Venezuela, in heavily forested region south-
west of Lake Maracaibo, State of Zulia.
2: Venezuela (Encontrados i, Catatumbo River i).
*Furnarius leucopus cinnamomeus (Lesson)*. CINNAMOMEOUS OVEN-
BIRD.
Picolaptes cinnamomeus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 7, p. 433, 1844 — Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Furnarius griseiceps CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 23, 1859 — Peru.
Furnarius cinnamomeus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 277 — Babahoyo ;
SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Ornith., p. 8, 1867 — littoral of western Ecuador;
TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877, p. 323, 751 — Tumbez (egg descr.);
BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Yaguachi; idem, I.e., 1885,
p. 941 — Yaguachi; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 102, 1884 — Guadalupe,
Lechugal, Tumbez, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 15, 1890 —
Guayaquil, Babahoyo, Chiquinda, Balzar, Santa Rita, Ecuador; Tumbez,
Chilate, Payta, Peru; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
p. 1 8, 1899 — Vinces, Balzar, Ecuador; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 53, 1906 — Guayaquil, Payta; BANGS and
NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1918 — Sullana, Huancabamba, Dept. Piura.
Furnarius longirostris (not of PELZELN 1856) PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 409 — part,
hab. Guayaquil, Babahoyo (Ecuador), Tumbez (Peru) ; SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1883, p. 424 — Payta.
Range: Littoral of southwestern Ecuador, from the Province of
Guayas southward, and northwestern Peru, in depts. of Tumbez and
Piura.
4: Ecuador (Milagro i, Rio Vinces 2); Peru (Piura River i).
*Furnarius minor Pelzeln.b LESSER OVEN-BIRD.
Furnarius minor PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturwiss. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
31, p. 321, 1858 — Rio Madeira, below mouth of Rio Mahissy (types in Vienna
Museum examined); idem, I.e., 34, p. 115, 1859 — same locality; idem, Orn.
Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — same locality; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1866, p. 183 — Nauta; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 268 — Nauta, Santa Cruz; PELZELN,
Ibis, 1 88 1, p. 408 — Rio Madeira, Nauta, Santa Cruz, Peru (monog.); TACZAN-
OWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 105, 1884 — Nauta, Santa Cruz, Iquitos; SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 14, 1890 — Rio Madeira; Nauta, Santa Cruz, Iquitos,
8 Furnarius leucopus cinnamomeus (LESSON) : Nearly related to F. I. longirostris,
but averaging larger, with stronger bill ; outermost primary with a large ochraceous
spot on inner web; ochraceous wing-bar much wider; pileum as a rule less grayish,
and under parts generally paler. Wing 95-102; tail 57-64; bill 24-26.
Four specimens from Guayas, Ecuador and eight from Peru examined.
b The small size and the blackish brown (instead of yellow) legs distinguish this
scarce species from the members of the F. leucopus-group.
Specimens examined: Rio Madeira 3, Itacoatiard i, Rio Tapaj6z 6, Monte Ale-
gre 2, Pebas, Peru 2.
24 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Peru; CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — Santarem; MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 53, 1906 — Pebas; HELL-
MAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 13, 1907 — Itaituba, Urucurituba, Rio Tapaj6z;
idem, I.e., 17, p. 317, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 320, 1914 — Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuru, Rio Jamunda (Faro);
idem, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 526, 1913 (ecology).
Furnarius pelzelni GIEBEL, Thes. Ornith., a, p. 217, 1875 (new name for Fur-
narius minor PELZELN).
Range: Northern Brazil, in the Amazon Valley and its tributaries,
east to the Tapaj6z and Monte Alegre, west to Peru (Maranon River) .
i: Brazil (Itacoatiara i).
*Furnarius figulus figulus (Lichtenstein)*. TWICE-BANDED OVEN-
BIRD.
Turdus figidus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus.,p. 40, 1823 — Bahia.
Furnarius superciliaris LESSON, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 307, Sept. 1830 — no
locality given (type in Paris Museum examined; =juv.).
Furnarius melanotis SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 324, Dec. 1837 — Bahia (type
in Cambridge (Engl.) Museum examined; =juv.).
Opetiorynchus rufus (not Merops rufus GMELIN) WJED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras.,
3 (2), p. 667, 1831 — Rio Jiquirica, Jaguaripa, Nazareth das Farinhas, Prov.
Bahia.
Furnarius figulus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 4, 1856 — Bahia;
PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 115, 1859 —
Bahia; idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 34, 1868 — Bahia; idem, Ibis, 1881, p. 410 —
Bahia (monog.); FORBES, I.e., p. 345 — from Parahyba to Garanhuns, Per-
nambuco; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 12, 1890 — Pernambuco, Bahia;
NICOLL, Ibis, 1906, p. 668 — Isl. Itaparica, Bahia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR
M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 51, 1906 — Bahia (crit.); REISER, Denks.
math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Pao d'Alho, near Recife,
Pernambuco; MatadeSaoJoaoand Rio Sao Francisco, near Sambaiba, Bahia.
Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Pernambuco, Parahyba,
Piauhy and Ceara.
5 : Brazil (Bahia i, Jua, near Iguatu, Ceard i ; Ibiapaba, Piauhy 3).
Furnarius figulus pileatus Sclater and Salvinb. STEERE'S OVEN-BIRD.
Furnarius pileatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 139 — Santarem,
a Furnarius figulus is immediately recognizable amongst its affines by possessing
two distinct buff cross bands on the inner web of the two outer primaries, and black-
ish tips to most of the rectrices. Legs and feet blackish brown as in F. minor which,
however, is otherwise very different. Adult birds have the crown somewhat brighter
rufous than the back and the breast pale buffy. In young birds the crown is of a
much duller brownish tone, forming a dusky cap, the breast is brighter buff, and the
feathers of the malar region are edged with dusky. Twelve specimens examined.
b Furnarius figulus pileatus SCLATER and SALVIN: Similar to F. f. figulus, but
pileum dusky brown, forming a well defined cap; rufous of upper parts deeper;
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 25
Brazil; PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 407 — Santarem; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
i$» P- 65, 1890 — Santarem; CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — San-
tarem; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 321, 1914 — Santa Julia, Rio
Iriri; Arumanduba, Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuru (Ig. de Paituna), Rio
Jamundd (Faro); idem, Journ. Ornith., 61, p. 526, 1913 (ecology).
Furnarius figulus pileatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 57, 1908 — Rio Araguaya,
Goyaz (crit.).
Range : Northern Brazil, on the banks of the lower Amazon (Tapa-
joz; Rio Iriri, tributary of the Xingii; Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuru,
Rio Jamundd), south to the headwaters of the Rio Araguaya (Leo-
poldina), Prov. Goyaz.
*Furnarius cristatus Bwmieisier*. CRESTED OVEN-BIRD.
Furnarius cristatus BURMEISTER, Ibis, (5) 6, p. 495, 1888 (new name for Fur-
narius tricolor (not of GIEBEL 1868) SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i,
p. 170, Sierra of Cordoba); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 13, 1890 —
Sierra of Cordoba; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Tucu-
man, Famailla, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3,
p. 51, 1905 — same localities; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Santa Ana, Tucu-
man (note on nest); BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, u, p. 254, 1904 — Salta;
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 54, 1906 —
Santa Ana; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 288, 1910 — Cordoba,
Salta, Tucuman; DOELLO-JURADO, El Hornero, i, p. 273, pi. 4, 1919 — Jesus
Maria, Prov. de Cordoba (nest descr.); SERIE and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3,
p. 47, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELH, I.e., p. 73 — La Rioja.
Furnarius tricolor (not of GIEBEL 1868) CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 26, p. 196,
1878 — Sierra de Cordoba; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 461 — Sierra de
Cordoba; PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 410 — Sierra de Cordoba (monog.); SCLATER
and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 170, 1888 — Sierra de Cordobab.
Range: Argentina, in provinces of Cordoba, Rioja, Tucuman,
Salta, and Santiago del Estero; according to Serie" and Smyth, also
found at Santa Elena, Prov. Entrerios.
i: Argentina (Leales, Prov. Tucumdn i).
Genus CORYPHISTERA Burmeister.
Coryphistera BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 251, 1860 — type Coryphistera
alaudina BURMEISTER; idem, Reise LaPlata, St., 2, p. 470, 1861 (full diagnosis).
superciliaries more purely white; size slightly larger. Wing (two males) 87, 89;
tail 6 1, 6a; bill 20, 21. Known to me only from two specimens secured by the late
G. A. Baer at Leopoldina, Goyaz.
a An aberrant species of slender build, small size, and with a distinct occipital
crest. In habits it is, however, a typical Oven-bird.
b Whether Furnarius figulus (not of SWAINSON) WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882,
p. 609 (San Pedro, Santiago del Estero; Salta), quoted with a query by Sclater and
Hudson, really refers to F. cristatus, cannot be determined in the absence of the
specimens which appear to have been lost. See Doello-Jurado, El Hornero, i,
p. 284, 1919.
26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Coryphistera alaudina alaudina Burmeister. LARK-LIKE PLAIN-
RUNNER.
Coryphistera alaudina BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 251, 1860 — no locality
given; idem, Reise La Plata Staat., 2, p. 470, 1861 — near Parana; SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 57, pi. 3 — Rio Vermejo; DOERING, Period. Zool. Arg.,
I, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 359 —
Tucuman, Salta; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 40 — Cosquin, Cordoba;
SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith., i, p. 188, 1888 — Argentina; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 75, 1890 — Cosquin, Tucuman, Salta; STEMPELMANN
and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Cordoba, 10, p. 401, 1890 — Cordoba; SALVADORI,
Bol. Mus. Torino, 12, p. 19, 1897 — Tala, Prov. Salta; LILLO, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 191, 1902 — Tapia, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc.,
3, p. 53, 1905 — same localities; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana,
Tapia, Prov. Tucuman; HARTERTand VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 214, 1919 —
Cosquin, Cordoba; Tapia, Lagunas de Malvinas, Tucuman, Prov. Tucuman;
Ocampo, Prov. Santa F6; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299,
1910— range; REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 33, 1906 — Alto Verde, Catitas,
La Paz, Prov. Mendoza; MARELLI, El Hornero, i, p. 78, 1918 — Curuzu-Cuatia,
Prov. Corrientes; SANZIN, 1. c., p. 150 — Alto Verde, Prov. Mendoza; MARELLI,
I.e., p. 224, 1919 — Curuzu-Cuatid; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1923 —
Sta Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73 — Rioja.
Range: Argentina, from Province of Salta and Territory of For-
mosa, south to prov. Mendoza and Cordoba, east to Entrerios (Par-
ana) and Corrientes (Curuzu-Cuatia, Santa Elena).
5: Argentina (Dept. Trancas 2, Leales, Tucuman i, Noetinger,
Prov. Cordoba 2).
Coryphistera alaudina campicola Todd*. BOLIVIAN PLAIN-RUNNER.
Coryphistera alaudina campicola TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, p. 170, 1915 —
Guanacos, Prov. Cordillera, Bolivia (type in Carnegie Museum examined);
HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 501, 1917 — Yuay. Prov.
Cordillera (crit.).
Range: Eastern Bolivia, Dept. Santa Cruz, in Prov. Cordillera
(Guanacos, Yuay).
Genus CLEBANORNIS Sdater and Salmn.
Clibanornis SLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 155, 1873 — type by
orig. desig. Anabates dendrocolaptoides PELZELN.
*• Coryphistera alaudina campicola TODD: Very similar to C. a. alaudina, but con-
siderably larger; streaks on under parts brighter cinnamon rufous; upper parts, espe-
cially the rump, deeper buff; crest feathers, on basal portion, conspicuously edged
with cinnamomeous. Wing (one adult male, the type) 80 (against 70-73 in ten
C. a. alaudina}; tail 75 (against 67-70); bill 15.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 27
Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides (Pelzeln). PELZELN'S GROUND-CREEPER.
Anabates dendrocolaptoides PELZELN, Sitzungsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, math, naturw.
Kl., 34, p. 104,- 128, 1859 — Curytiba, Villa de Castro [ = Boqueirao], State of
Parana (types in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39,
1868 — Villa de Castro, Rio Yapo, Curytiba, State of Parana.
Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 27, 1890 —
Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 351, 1905 — Itarar6, Sao Paulo; idem,
Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 229, 1907 — same locality; BERTONI, Seg. Contrib. Ornit.
Parag., in Revista Instit. Parag., Asunci6n, 1907, p. — [Sep. p. 6] — Paraguay,
Misiones; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 329, 1914 — Paraguay, Iguazu,
Misiones; idem, El Hornero, i, p. 37, 1917 — Santa Ana, Misiones; CHROS-
TOWSKI, Ann. Zopl. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 35, 1921 — Antonio Olyntho,
on the Rio Negro, State of Parana (habits).
Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Sao Paulo (Itarare) and
Parand (Castro, Curytiba; Antonio Olyntho, Rio Negro) and adjacent
portions of Paraguay and Misiones (Rio Iguassu).
Genus CINCLODES Gray.
Cinclodes GRAY, List Gen. Birds, p. 16, 1840 — type Motacilla patagonica GMELIN.
Cillurus CABANIS", Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 281, 1844 — type by subs, desig.
(REICHENBACH, 1853, p. 214) Cillurus palliatus TSCHUDI.
*Cinclodes nigrofumosus (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny*. D'ORBIGNY'S
CINCLODES.
Uppucerthia nigro-fumosa LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag.
Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 23, 1838 — "Cobija, in Bolivia" =Prov. Antofagasta,
Chile (type in Paris Museum examined) ; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. me"rid.,
Ois., p. 372, pi. 57, fig. 2, 1847 — Valparaiso, Cobija, Arica, Chile.
Upucerthia nigro-fumosa DBS MURS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, i, p. 283, 1847 —
from Coquimbo "to ChiloeV'
Opetiorhynchus nigrofumosus DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 68, 1839 — Coquimbo;
FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., u, p. in, 1843 — Chilean coast between 34° and 35°
south, lat.
Opetiorhynchus lance'olatus GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, pi. 20, 1839 (figure
of Darwin's specimen from Coquimbo).
*• Though obviously intended as a classical emendation of Cinclodes, the generic
name Cillurus remained without a specified type until 1846, when Cabanis (in
TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Ayes, p. 235) designated Cillurus for steri CABANIS = Motacilla
patagonica GMELIN. This action, -however, cannot be admitted, since this species
originally was not included in the genus.
b Cinclodes nigrofumosus is easily distinguishable from C. p. patagonicus and
C. p. chilensis by larger size, much stronger, heavier bill, and much darker colora-
tion throughout. Besides, the superciliary streak is much less conspicuous, does not
extend so far backwards, and is buffy, variegated with dusky instead of plain white.
Wing (eighteen specimens) 112-120; tail 82-92; bill 23-24.
28 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Cinclodes inornatus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 267, 1840 — Chile; HARTLAUB,
I.e., 9, p. i, 1846 (crit.).
Cinclodes nigrofumosus CASSIN in Gilliss, U. S. Astron. Exp., 2, p. 187, 1855 —
coast of Chile; GERMAIN, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 310, 1860 (breed-
ing habits); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. no, 1884 — part, Chile, descr.
adult ex D'ORBIGNY; OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B6i,
1891 — part, juv. ex Valparaiso (specimen examined); MENEGAUX and HELL-
MAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 58, 1906 — Cobija, Valparaiso
(crit.).
Cinclodes nigrifumosus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Coquimbo; idem,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 21, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, f, Santiago, Coquimbo,
Chile.
Cinclodes patagonicus (not of GMELIN) SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 708,
1898 — Iquique, Tarapaca; Isla de los Parajos, Totoralillo, near Coquimbo
(spec, in Berlin Museum examined).
Range: Littoral of Chile, from Arica and Iquique south to Con-
ception*.
14: Chile (Gatico, Prov. Antofagasta 2; Caldera, Prov. Atacama 9;
Papudo, Prov. Aconcagua i; Concepcion 2).
Cinclodes taczanowskii Berlepsch and Stolzmann*. TACZANOWSKI'S
CINCLODES.
Cinclodes taczanowskii BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1892, p. 381 —
Chorillos near Lima, Peru (cotype in Berlepsch collection examined).
Cinclodes sparsim-striatus SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. LXII, 1900 — Islay,
Peru (type in British Museum examined).
Cillurus nigrofumosus (not of D'ORBIGNY and LAFRESNAYE) TSCHUDI, Faun.
Peru., Aves, p. 235, 1846 — "Wood region of Peru"(0-
Cinclodes nigrifumosus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 985 — Islay,
Peru; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 569 — Islay; SALVIN, I.e., 1883, p. 424 — San Lorenzo
Isl., near Callao, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 21, 1890 — part,
spec, e, g-i, San Lorenzo Isl., Islay, Peru.
Cinclodes nigrofumosus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 526 — Chorillos,
near Lima; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. no, 1884 — part, Chorillos.
Range: Littoral of western Peru, from Lima (Ancon, Chorillos.
San Lorenzo Isl.) south to Islay, Dept. Arequipa.
B Birds from Concepcion and Papudo are not different from those of northern
Chile. Specimens examined: Iquique i, Cobija 2, Gatico 2, Caldera 9, Totoralillo,
Coquimbo i, Valparaiso 2, Papudo i, Concepcion 2.
b Cinclodes taczanowskii BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: Related to C. nigrofumosus,
but upper parts and sides of head much paler, wood brown instead of fuscous brown,
passing into fawn on rump and tail coverts; upper wing-coverts with pale fawn tips,
forming several light bands across the wing; wing band buff rather than cinna-
momeous; superciliary streak barely suggested; under parts much paler, wood brown
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 29
*Cinclodes antarcticus antarcticus (Garnot}*. FALKLAND ISLAND
ClNCLODES.
Certhia antarctica GARNOT, Ann. Sci. Nat., 7, p. 45, 1826 — Falkland Islands (type
in Paris Museum examined).
Furnarius fuliginosus LESSON, Man. d'Orn., 2, p. 15, 1828 — Falkland Islands
(type in Paris Museum examined); idem, Voyage Coquille, Zool., i, p. 670,
1830 — Falkland Islands.
OpetiorhynchusantarcticusDARVfiti,ZooL Beagle, 3, p. 67, 1839 — Falkland Islands ;
GOULD, P. Z. S. Lend., 1859, p. 95 — same locality.
Cinclod.es antarcticus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 385 — Falkland Islands?
ABBOTT, Ibis, 1861, p. 154 — Kidney Island; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 25, 1890 — Falkland Isl.; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 61, 1906 — Falkland Isl.; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B.
Aires, 18, p. 291, 1910 — Malvinas; BROOKS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 158,
1917 — Speedwell Isl.
Cinclodes antarcticus antarcticus DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 187,
1919 — Falkland Isl.; WACO, El Hornero, 2, p. 203, 1921 — same locality.
Range: Falkland Islands.
2: Falkland Isl. (Speedwell Isl. 2).
Cinclodes antarcticus maculirostris Dabbene*. DABBENE'S CINCLODES.
Cinclodes antarcticus maculirostris DABBENE, Physis, 3, No. 13, p. 59, 1917 —
Hermit Island, near Cape Horn; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 188,
1919 — same locality.
Range: Extreme southern Chile, Cape Horn region (Hermit, Van-
derlandt Islands).
instead of bister, with only a few indistinct buffy streaks on the breast; throat not
conspicuously white, but dingy buff, streaked with brownish ; tail less blackish. Wing
115; tail 85-86; bill 23-24.
Three specimens from Lima and three from Islay examined. Probably a northern
race of C. nigrofumosus.
" Cinclodes antarcticus antarcticus (GARNOT) : This well characterized species dif-
fers from C. p. patagonicus by much shorter, stouter bill; unstreaked bister or snuff
brown under parts, with the throat drab, obsoletely spotted or banded with grayish;
the absence of the whitish superciliary stripe and light apical markings on lat-
eral rectrices; the much less pronounced, dull natal brown instead of bright ochra-
cepus buff cross band on inner remiges, etc. Wing (male) 109-115, (female) 104-108;
tail (male 75-83, (female) 74-78; bill 17.5-20. Sixteen specimens from Kidney, Sea
Lion and Speedwell Islands examined. Three of the examples from Speedwell have the
extreme base of the bill margined with pale yellowish, thus pointing to maculirostris.
b Cinclodes antarcticus maculirostris DABBENE: Differs from C. a. antarcticus by
slightly larger size, heavier bill with the basal portion of the lower mandible (some-
times also of the commissure of the maxilla) yellow, and fuscous instead of bister
brown plumage, without any trace of the brownish wing band. Wing (two males)
115, 120, (female) no; tail 81-85; bill 19-20.
Three specimens from Vanderlandt Isl. in the American Museum of Natural
History, New York examined.
30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Cinclodes patagonicus patagonicus (Gmelin), PATAGONIAN CINCLODES.
Motacilla patagonica GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I (2), p. 957, 1789 — based on "Pata-
gonian Warbler" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, 2 (2), p. 434, 1783 — Terra del
Fuego.
Motacilla gracula FORSTER, Descr. Anim., p. 324, 1844 — Terra del Fuego.
Cillurus forsteri CABANIS in Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 235, note i, 1846 —
new name for Motacilla gracula FORSTER.
Opetiorhynchus patagonicus DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 67, 1839 — part, Tierra
del Fuego.
Cinclodes patagonicus SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1868, p. 186 — Sandy Point =
Punta Arenas; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 132, 1890 — Gregory
Bay, Elizabeth Isl., Str. of Magellan, and Port Otway, Chile (spec, examined) ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 22, 1890 — part, spec, e-1, Port Otway,
Cove Isl., Messier Channel, Tom Bay, Elizabeth Isl., Twenthu Isl., Str. of
Magellan; SALVADORI, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 617, 1900 —
Punta Arenas, Penguin Rookery, Staten Isl.; NICOLL, Ibis, 1904, p. 45 —
Puerto Bueno, Smythe's Channel; CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 74,
1907 — Rio McClelland Settlement; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18,
p. 290, 1910 — part, southern Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, Staten Isl.; idem,
I.e., 30, p. 174, 1919 — Hermit Isl., Cape Horn (range, synon.).
Cinclodes patachonicus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 433 — Port
Otway, Cold Harbour, Messier's Channel; SHARPS, I.e., 1881, p. 8 — Tom
Bay, Elizabeth Isl., Twenthu Isl., Trinidad Channel, Str. of Magellan.
Cinclodes patagonicus patagonicus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 59, 1906 — Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuego (crit.).
Cinclodes patagonica patagonica HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 208,
1909 — Dixon Cove, Grappler Bay, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego.
Cillurus patagonicus CABANIS and REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 24, p. 323, 1876 —
Str. of Magellan (spec, examined).
Cinclodes nigrofumosus (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) OUSTALET, Miss.
Scient. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B6i, 1891 — part, Orange Bay, Port Famine,
Str. of Magellan (spec, examined); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8,
p. 366, 1902 — SloggettBay, Tierra del Fuego; idem, I.e., 18, p. 290, 1910 —
Orange Bay.
Cinclodes patagonicus molitor (not of SCOTT) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 60, 1906 — part, spec, b, c, Port Famine.
Cinclodes rupestris (not of KITTLITZ) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30,
p. 177, 1919 — part, spec, a, Sloggett Bay, and range, from Port Otway south.
Range: Tierra del Fuego, and southern Chile, north to the Gulf
of Penas (Port Otway) a.
• A single (unsexed) adult from Port Otway (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 116275) agrees,
especially in the rather coarse whitish striping beneath, with a series from the Straits
of Magellan, but approaches C. p. chilensis in coloration of tail markings. Examina-
tion of additional specimens is desirable.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 31
*Cinclodes patagonicus chilensis (Lesson)*. CHILIAN CINCLODES.
Furnarius chilensis LESSON, Man. d'Orn., 2, p. 17, June 1828 — "dans les alentours
du port Saint- Vincent, au Chili," i.e. near Concepcion (see Garnot, Voyage
Coquille, Zool., I, p. 569) ; idem, Voyage Coquille, Zool., i, p. 671, April 1830 —
St. Vincent, Chile; idem, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 307, pi. 75, fig. i, Sept.
1830— Chileb.
Opetiorhynchos rupestris KITTLITZ, Me'm. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (sav. 6tr.), i,
livr. 2, p. 1 88, pi. 8, 1830 — Chile, i.e. El Tome', near Concepcion0 (type in
Petrograd Museum examined); idem, Denkwurdigk. Reise, I, p. 117, 1858 —
El Tome', near Concepcion, and Valparaiso; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus.
Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 16, 1921 — type from Chile in Petrograd Museum.
Cinclodes molitor SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. XLII, 1900 — Chile (type in
British Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 21, p. 175, 1921 (crit.).
Opetiorhynchus patagonicus (not of GMELIN) DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 67,
1839 — part, Chiloe Isl.; HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, p. 211, 1853 — Valdivia;
PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 58, 1865 — Chile.
Cinclodes patagonicus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 267, 1840 — Chile; SCLATER and
SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, p. 283 — Ancud, Chiloe; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 22, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Chile; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 37 — Hacienda Mansel,
near Santiago, Corral and Rio Bueno, Valdivia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac.
B. Aires, 18, p. 290, 1910 — part, Cordillera of Mendoza; REED, Av. Prov.
Mendoza, p. 30, 1916 — Cordillera of Mendoza.
Cinclodes nigrofumosus (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) BIBRA, Denks.
math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5, p. 129, 1853 — Santiago, Quillota;
SCLATER, Ibis, 1897, p. 38 — Hacienda Mansel, south of Santiago (specimen
examined).
Cinclodes patagonicus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chiloe and cen-
tral Chile.
Cinclodes patagonicus molitor MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 60, 1906 — part, spec, a, d, e, Santiago, Penaflor, San Alfonso,
Quillota (crit.).
a Cinclodes patagonicus chilensis (LESSON) : This very unsatisfactory race differs
from C. p. patagonicus by generally smaller size, slightly darker back, somewhat more
brownish under parts with the whitish stripes narrower and less extended abdomin-
ally, and more buffy tips to the lateral rectrices.
While birds from central Chile (Valdivia to Valparaiso) are fairly distinguish-
able by these characters from C. p. patagonicus, a series from Chiloe and three skins
from Ascension Isl. are intermediate, combining the smaller size of chilensis with
the coloration of the typical race, although some are very nearly as dark as the for-
mer. Birds from western Patagonia (Lake Nahuel Huapi and Huanuluan) are typi-
cal chilensis. Thirty-three Chilean and eight Argentine specimens compared with
fourteen C. p. patagonicus, from Tierra del Fuego and the Cape Horn region.
b The colored figure of the type, supplemented by Lesson's remark "de mSme
taille que la pr6c£dente" (i.e. Furnarius fuliginosus = Cinclodes antarcticus) , leaves no
doubt as to F. chilensis being an earlier name for rupestris. Moreover, Lesson him-
self _ (Rev. Zool., 3, p. 267, 1840) later identified his bird with Kittlitz's species,
placing both in the synonymy of Cinclodes patagonicus (GMELIN).
• While no locality is specified in the original description, we learn from Kittlitz's
account of his travels in Chile (Denkwurdigk. Reise etc., I, p. 118) that he met with
the species both at El Tom6 and Valparaiso. He expressly states having shot a sped-
32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Cinclodes rupestris DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 177, 1919 — part,
spec, b-p, Leleque, Puesto Burro, Lake Nahuel Huapi, Neuquen; Concep-
tion, Limache, Chile (syn. and range part); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.,
24, p. 144, 1920 — Nilahue", Prov. Curico; idem, I.e., 25, p. 180, 1923 — Cordil-
lera of Aconcagua.
Cinclodes patagonicus rupestris PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 313, 1923 —
Huanuluan and Lake Nahuel Huapi, western Rio Negro.
Cinclodes chilensis REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 239, 1920 — southern Chile.
Range : Central Chile, from Aconcagua south to Chiloe, Guaitecas
Islands, and Llanquihue", and adjoining parts of western Argentina (gob.
del Chubut and Rio Negro; Prov. Mendoza).
31 : Chile (Palmilla, La Cruz, Valparaiso 2, Linares i, Concepcion 2,
Lake Malleco 2, Tolhuaco, Malleco i, Lake Gualletue", Cautin 2, Rio
Lolen, Lonquimai Valley, Cautin i, Mafil, Valdivia i, Ririihue, Val-
divia 5, Rio Nireguao i, Quellon, Chiloe 7, Rio Inio, Chiloe 2, San
Pedro Isl. i, Melinka, Ascension Id., Guaitecas Islands 3).
*Cinclodes oustaleti oustaleti Scott*. OUSTALET'S CINCLODES.
Cinclodes oustaleti SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., io,p. LXII, 1900 — "Central Chile,"
we suggest Valparaiso (type in British Museum examined) ; MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 61, 1906 — Valparaiso, Santi-
ago, Chile (crit.); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 291, 1910 —
"Mendoza" (ex SCOTT); REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — "Men-
doza" (ex SCOTT) ; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 144, 1920 — Cordillera
of Aconcagua (breeding), in winter in Nilahue" Valley, Curic6; idem, I.e., 25,
p. 181, 1923 — Cordillera of Aconcagua, alt. 2,000 to 3,000 metr. (spec, ex-
amined).
Uppucerthia rupestris (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.,
2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 21, 1838 — Valparaiso, Cobija, Chile (spec, ex-
amined).
men at El Tome", and as there is only one in the Petrograd Museum, we have to
regard the vicinity of Concepcion as type locality.
• Cinclodes oustaleti oustaleti SCOTT: In general coloration similar to C. pata-
gonicus chilensis, but considerably smaller with much slenderer bill; axillaries white
or buffy white, instead of being mostly smoke-brown; middle of abdomen more or
less extensively buffy white; under tail-coverts with fewer light markings. Wing
(thirty specimens) 88-94; tail 63-70; bill 16-18, once 20.
Birds from Caldera, Tofo (north of Coquimbo), Banos del Toro, Valparaiso, and
Caj6n del Rio Blanco, Cordillera of Aconcagua have the back decidedly brown
(varying from warm sepia to bister), and the flanks strongly washed with snuff
brown, while those from Concepcion as well as a male from Maquehue, Temuco and
three from Chiloe (Ancud) in the collection of the American Museum of Natural
History, New York, are more sooty, less brownish on back and flanks, the dullest
examples being indistinguishable from C. o. hornensis. The Temuco-bird, however,
is hardly separable from some of the northern specimens, and an adult from Talca-
huano (near Concepcion) is even an exact duplicate of the brown-backed Caldera
skins with which the type in the British Museum was found to agree.
While there is an undeniable tendency towards the characters of hornensis
in the southern part of the range, the distinction does not seem to be constant enough
to warrant the recognition of an additional race.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 33
Cillurus patagonicus (not of GMELIN) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860—
Caldera, Chile (spec, examined).
Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 424 — part,
Chilean Cordillera (spec, in Brit. Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, v, Chilean Cordillera; SCHALOW,
Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 708, 1898 — part, spec, a, Talcahuano, Chile (spec,
examined).
Cinclodes patagonicus OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B 65, in
text, 1891 — Chile (spec, examined).
Range : Chile, from Antofagasta (Cobija) south to Chiloe*.
18: Chile (Caldera, Prov. Atacama 10; Bafios del Toro, Prov.
Coquimbo 4; Concepcion 4).
Cinclodes oustaleti hornensis Dabbeneb. CAPE HORN CINCLODES.
Cinclodes oustaleti hornensis DABBENE, Physis, 3, No. 13, p. 58, March 1917 —
Hermit Isl., near Cape Horn; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 185,
1919 — Hermit Isl.
Cinclodes schistaceus REICHENOW, Journ. Ornith., 68, p. 240, 1920 — "Devasta-
tion Isl." = Desolation Island, Str. of Magellan (type in Berlin Museum exam-
ined); HELLMAYR, El Hornero, 2, p. 290, 1922 (crit.).
Range: Extreme southern Chile (Cape Horn, Hermit Isl., London
Isl., Desolation Isl.).
Cinclodes oustaleti baeckstroemii Ldnnberg*. JUAN FERNANDEZ CIN-
CLODES.
Cinclodes oustaleti baeckstroemii LONNBERG in Skottsberg, The Natural History
of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, 3, p. 4, 1921 — Masafuera and Masa-
tierra.
a The locality "Mendoza" requires confirmation. Although mentioned by Scott
in the original description, I could not find any specimen from that locality in the
British Museum.
b Cinclodes oustaleti hornensis DABBENE: Similar to specimens of C. o. oustaleti,
from Concepcion to Chiloe, in having the back and flanks sooty with very little
brownish suffusion, but slightly larger, with generally longer bill. Wing (two males)
97, 100, (two females) 92, 93; tail 67-80; bill 19,20, once (type of C. schistaceus) 16.
A rather unsatisfactory race of which I should like to see more material. While
two males (from Cape Horn and London Island), have decidedly longer wings, a
female from Cape Horn and the type of C. schistaceus hardly differ in size from the
series of C. o. oustaleti. The bill appears to be generally longer, though again Reich-
enow's type does not deviate in this respect from Chilean examples.
0 Cinclodes oustaleti baeckstroemii LONNBERG: Exactly like C. o. oustaleti, but
sides of the body of a brighter rufous brown, and under tail-coverts more tinged with
rufescent. Upper parts decidedly brown as in northern examples of the typical race.
Wing 85-93; tail 64-67; bill 17-19. Three specimens from Masafuera in the British
Museum examined.
34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Cindodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) REED, Ibis, 1874, p. 84 — Masafuera; SALVIN,
I.e., 1875, p. 370, 376 — Masafuera; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23,
1890 — part, spec, y-a1, Masafuera (spec, examined).
Range : Juan Fernandez Islands.
*Cinclodes fuscus fuscus ( Vieiilof). DUSKY CINCLODES.
Anthus fuscus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. £d., 26, p. 490, 1818 —
based on Azara, No. 147, stated to be less rare in the plains of Montevideo
and Buenos Aires than in "Paraguay".
Vppucerthia vulgaris LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool.,
8, cl. 2, p. 22, 1838 — part, Santa Fe" and Patagonia (types from Santa Fe in
Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 372,
pl- 57. %• i. 1847 — part, Argentina.
Cillurus minor CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 24, 1859 — Araucana, Chile
(type in Heine collection examined).
Cindodes gilvus REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 240, May 1920 — Punta Arenas
arid Tierra del Fuego (type in Berlin Museum examined); HELLMAYR, El
Hornero, 2, p. 290, 1922 (crit.).
Opetiorhynchos vulgaris DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 66, 1839 — Banda Oriental,
La Plata, Tierra del Fuego, "Falkland Isl."; FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., n,
p. in, 1843 — Chile; HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, p. 211, 1853 — Valdivia;
GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 1859, p. 95 — "Falkland Isl." (ex DARWIN).
(?) Opetiorhynchus rupestris (not of KITTLITZ) BIBRA, Denks. math, naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5, p. 129, 1853 — Valparaiso.
Cindodes vulgaris CASSIN in Gilliss, U. S. Astron. Exp., 2, p. 187, 1855 — Chile;
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 385 — "Falkland Isl." (ex DARWIN).
Cindodes fuscus SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1868, p. 185, 186 — Sandy Point, Str.
of Magellan; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 140 — Conchitas; HUDSON, I.e.,
1872, p. 260 (habits); DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 179 — Flores Isl., La Plata,
Baradero, Buenos Aires; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 43,
1881 — from Buenos Aires south to the Rio Negro; SHARPE, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1881, p. 8 — Peckett Harbor, Str. Magellan, Coquimbo; WHITE, I.e., 1882,
p. 6 10 — Pucard, Catamarca; SALVIN, I.e., 1883, p. 424 — part, Coquimbo;
BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 205, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay,
Entrerios; Puan, Carhu6, B. Aires; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn.,
2, p. 142, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; WITHINGTON, Ibis, 1888,
p. 467 — Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn.,
i, p. 172, 1888 — part, Argentina, Chile; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
12, p. 132, 1889 — Gregory Bay, Laredo Bay, Elizabeth Isl., Str. of Magellan;
BURMEISTER, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 3, p. 317, 1890 — Chubut; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, a-u, x, Uruguay, Argentina,
Chile; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1891, p. 16; 1892, p. 201 — Est. Espartillar, Buenos Aires;
OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap. Horn, 6, p. B 63, 1891 — Orange Bay, Rio
Gallegos, Punta Arenas, Cap Negro, Patagonia; Santa F6; Buenos Aires;
Talcahuano, Chile; APLIN, Ibis, 1894, p. 182 — Uruguay; SCHALOW, Zool.
Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 708, 1898 — part, Punta Arenas, Seno Almirantazgo,
Cape EspirituS anto, Tierra del Fuego (spec, examined) ; SALVADORI, Ann.
Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 607 — Punta Arenas, Staten Isl.; IHERING,
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 35
Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Rio Grande do Sul;
GOSSE in FITZGERALD, The Highest Andes, p. 345, 1899 — Puente del Inca,
Prov. Mendoza, up to 12,000 ft. breeding (spec, examined); DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 366, 1902 — Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego; ARRIBAL-
ZAGA, I.e., p. 164, 1902 — Lago General Paz, Chubut; LILLO, I.e., p. 189, 1902 —
Rio Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Rio Sail;
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Auttm, 19, p. 62, 1906 —
Montevideo, Santa F6, Buenos Aires; Punta Arenas, Rio Galligoschico,
Orange Bay, Patagonia; Rio Grande, Brazil; Magallama, San Alfonso, Talca-
huano, Chile; CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 76, 1907 — Sara Settle-
ment; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 290, 1910 — part; GRANT,
Ibis, 1911, p. 127 — Los Ynglases, Aj6, B. Aires; REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza,
p. 30, 1916 — El Challao, near Mendoza; GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 408 — Cap
San Antonio, B. Aires; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Monte-
video, Canelones, Maldonado; DAGUERRE, I.e., p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, B. Aires;
PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, B. Aires; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73,
1923 — La Rioja.
Cinclodes fuscus fuscus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 208, 1909 —
. Cosquin, Cordoba; Barracas al Sud, B. Aires; city of Tucuman (spec, exam-
ined); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 152, 1919 (monog., range,
synon.); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 143, 1920 — Nilahue', Curic6;
idem, I.e., 25, p. 180, 1923 — Cordillera of Aconcagua; PETERS, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 65, p. 313, 1923 — Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro; MARELLI, Mem.
Min. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 639, 1924 — Prov. Buenos
Aires.
Cillurus vulgaris BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Sierra de Mendoza;
idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 463, 1861 — Mendoza, Parana.
Cillurus vulgaris fuscus (sic) STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cor-
doba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba.
(?) Cinclodes minor REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 240, 1920 — Chile (diag.)8.
Range: Extreme southern Brazil (State of Rio Grande do Sul);
Uruguay; Argentina, south to Tierra del Fuego and Staten Islandb,
west to the foot of the Andes in prov. Tucuman, Cordoba, and Men-
doza; Chile, north to Prov. Atacama (Caldera)0.
a The specimen identified by Reichenow as C. minor was kindly forwarded to my
inspection by E. Stresemann. It is an adult bird in good condition, collected by
Dr. Segeth (of Santiago) in Chile (place and date of capture not recorded). It com-
bines the ochraceous wing band and strongly buff brown under parts of fuscus with
the rufous brown back and rump of albiventris. Above, it is much more rufous than
any other Chilean specimen. Even the type of C. minor is much duller and, besides,
has no rufous on the rump.
b Darwin's record from the Falkland Islands, where the bird has never been
found since, is obviously a mistake.
0 With thirty Chilean and more than forty Argentine specimens before me, I am
unable to make out any geographic races. Birds from Tierra del Fuego and south-
eastern Patagonia (C. gilvus) are precisely similar to those from Buenos Aires, Entre-
rios and Rio Grande do Sul which may be regarded as representing typical fuscus.
Ten skins from Huanuluan (Gob. Rio Negro), two from the lowlands of Tucuman
(Tucuman city, Rio Sali), and two from Mendoza are not different either. The
majority from Chile are not distinguishable from the Argentine average, though the
36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
23: Chile (Caldera, Atacama i, Romero, Coquimbo i, San Fran-
cisco, O'Higgins i, Concepcion 4, Lake Gualletue, Cautin 9, Rio Nire-
guao 4) ; Argentina (City of Tucuman i , Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro 2) .
Cinclodes fuscus tucumanus Chapman*. CHAPMAN'S CINCLODES.
Cinclodes fuscus tucumanus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 41, p. 326,
1919 — Tafi del Valle, Prov. Tucuman (type examined).
Cillurus minor (not of CABANIS and HEINE) CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 196,
1878 — Sierra de Cordoba (spec, in Berlin Museum examined); STEMPELMANN
and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba.
Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SALVADOR:, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292,
p. 17, 1897 — Tala, Carahuassi, Salta; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Lara,
Prov. Tucuman; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 254, 1904 — Rosario,
Salta; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 290, 1910 — part.
Cinclodes fuscus minor (not of CABANIS and HEINE) HARTERT and VENTURI,
Nov. Zool., 16, p. 209, 1909 — Lara, Las Cienagas, Tucuman; Cachi, Salta.
Cinclodes fuscus rivularis (not of CABANIS) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,
30, p. 161, 1919 — part, Argentina localities.
Range: High Andes of western Argentina, in prov. of Cordoba
(Sierra de Cordoba, Sierra de Achala), Tucumdn, Salta, and Jujuy,
from 7,000 ft. upwards.
'Cinclodes fuscus albiventris (Philippi and Landbeck)b. RUSTY-
BACKED CINCLODES.
Upucerthia albiventris PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 18 (i), p. 731,
type of C. minor (Arauco) and one of our Concepcion birds have the back slightly
more rufescent and the under parts deeper buffy brown. Material examined. — Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil i; Uruguay i; Prov. Buenos Aires 20; Prov. Santa F£ 2;
Tucuman (city) i , Rio Sali i ; Cosquin, Cordoba 3 ; Mendoza i , Puente del Inca i ;
Entrerios (Concepcion del Uruguay) 2; Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro 10; Tierra del
Puego i; Straits of Magellan 4; Rio Gallegos 2; near Mt. Tigre, Patagonia i; Rio
Coy i. — -Chile: Caldera i, Tofo i, Romero, Coquimbo i, Santiago 3, O'Higgins i,
Concepcion 4, Cautin 9, Valdivia i, Casa Pangue, Llanquihu6 2, Rio Nireguao 4,
unspecified 7.
• Cinclodes fuscus tucumanus CHAPMAN: Similar to C. fuscus albiventris, but wing
band deep buff, passing into ochraceous buff on secondaries, and upper parts on
average slightly brighter.
The coloring of the wing-band is the only constant character of this form. In
C. f. albiventris this band is nearly white, but slightly tinged with buff on the second-
aries. I find much individual variation in the tone of the upper parts, though none
of the ten Argentine examples approaches the dullest extreme of albiventris. An
adult from the Sierra de Cordoba and three from Cachi, Salta agree with six from
the type locality while three others from Salta (Tala) are hardly different from
albiventris.
bA still earlier name may exist in Furnarius longipennis SWAINSON (Anim.
Menag., p. 350, 1837, Peru). I hesitate, however, to adopt it, as Swainson calls
the under parts "white," without mentioning either the dusky spotting of the throat
or the rufescent brown flanks.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 37
1861 — vicinity of Arica, Chile; idem, Arch. Naturg., 27 (i), p. 290, 1861 —
(reprint in German); PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Copacolla, Atacama;
idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 27, pi. 14, fig. 2, 1902 — Chile.
Cillurus rivularis CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 319, 1873 — Maraynioc, Dept.
Junin, Peru (type in Berlin Museum examined) ; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1874, p. 526 — Junin.
Uppucerthia vulgar-is LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av. 2, in Mag. Zool., 8,
cl. 2, p. 22, 1838 — part, La Paz, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame'r. mend.,
Ois., p. 372, 1847 — part, Bolivia.
Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
P- 985 — Chihuata, above Arequipa, Peru; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 569 — same local-
ity; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 153 — Tungasuca near Tinta, Cuzco; idem, I.e., 1874,
p. 678 — Paucartambo, Cuzco; ALLEN, Bull Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 354, 1876
— Moho, Lake Titicaca; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 619 —
Potosi, Oruro, La Paz, Chuquisaca, Sorata, Tilotilo, Bolivia; SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1886, p. 398 — Chumisa, Cueva Negra, Sacaya, Cordillera of
Tarapacd; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, bMi1,
Peru; SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 13, 1895 — Cajamarca, Cajabamba; SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1891, p. 134 — Sacaya, Tarapaca; idem, Ibis, 1897, p. 38 —
Sacaya.
Cinclodes rivularis TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 112, 1884 — Junin, Maraynioc,
Candaravo, Paucartambo; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 371 — Ingapirca, Canchacso; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 128, 1906 — Puno; MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 64, 1906 — La Paz,
Bolivia; Yanavia, near Arequipa, Peru; REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 239,
1920 — Peru, Bolivia (diag.).
Cinclodes fuscus rivularis CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 81, 1921 —
Idma Pampa, above Matchu Picchu, Ollantaytambo, Huaracondo Canyon,
Urubamba region ; Tica-tica, Cuzco, La Raya, Peru.
Cinclodes fuscus albiventris HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 67, 1920
— Ollachea, near Macusani, Puno, Peru (crit.).
Cinclodes bifasciatus (not of SCLATER) OUSTALET, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B 65,
1891 — La Paz, Bolivia; Peruvian Andes between Arequipa and Cuzco (spec,
examined).
Cinclodes albiventris REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 240, 1920 — Potosi, Bolivia
(spec, examined).
Range: Andes of Peru, Bolivia, and northern Chile (in provinces of
Tacna, Tarapaca, and Antofagasta)a.
26: Peru (Mts. near Otuzco i, Junin 3, Cerro de Pasco 2, Huanuco
Mts. 4, Puno 3); Bolivia (Silola, Dept. Potosi i); Chile, Antofagasta
a Birds from Huanuco and Cajamarca incline to darker (less rufous) upper parts
and somewhat deeper brown flanks, when compared to a series from Junin, Puno,
and La Paz. Those from northern Chile and Potosi, on the other hand, average
somewhat lighter and more rufescent above, thereby pointing to C. f. tucumanus.
Fifty specimens examined.
38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
(Rio Loa i , San Pedro i , twenty miles east of San Pedro i , Ojo de San
Pedro i), Tacna (Putre 4, Chungara i, Alcerraca i, Choquelimpie i).
Cinclodes fuscus albidiventris Sclater*. ECUADORIAN CINCLODES.
Cinclodes albidiventris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 77 — Chimborazo, Ecua-
dor; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, I.e., 1885, p. 94 — Chimborazo, San
Rafael; SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 360, p. 19, 1899—
Culebrillas, Paramos del Azuay, Valleviciosa, Paramos de Cotopaxi; MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 63, 1906 — Pichin-
cha; REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 239, 1920 — Ecuador (crit.).
Cinclodes fuscus albidiventris MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. ge"og. Mes. Arc MeYid.
Equat., 9, p. B 39, 1911 — Mozo, Pichincha; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark.
Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 68, 1922 — Pichincha.
Cinclodes fuscus albiventris (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Cayambe.
Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 15, p. 23, 1890 —
part, spec, i^o1, Chimborazo, Sical, Ecuador.
Range: Andes of Ecuador.
Cinclodes fuscus oreobates Scott*. COLOMBIAN CINCLODES.
Cinclodes oreobates SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. LXII, 1900 — Sierra Nevada de
Santa Marta; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 294, 1922 —
Paramo de Macotama and Paramo de Chiruqua, Santa Marta Mts.
Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 —
part, spec, p'-r1, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Cinclodes fuscus albidiventris (not of SCLATER) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
13. P- 98, 1899 — Paramo de Chiruqua; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13,
p. 159, 1900 (ex BANGS).
Range: Andes of Colombia (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, and
Eastern Andes, in State of Boyaca)0.
• Cinclodes fuscus albidiventris SCLATER: Above similar to C.f. albiventris, some-
times even deeper rufous brown, but readily distinguishable by the deep cinnamom-
eous (instead of white to buff) wing band; buff instead of white axillars and under
wing-coverts; longer and brighter cinnamomeous tips to lateral rectrices, and by
the under parts being more brownish, more like C. f. fuscus. Wing (four specimens
from Chimborazo) 95-98; tail 65-69; bill 15.5-17.
b Cinclodes fuscus oreobates SCOTT: Very nearly related to C. f. albidiventris, of
Ecuador, but larger with longer bill; upper parts much less rufescent; wing band and
tips to lateral rectrices lighter cinnamomeous, dusky spotting on throat more con-
spicuous; middle of belly more whitish. Wing (twenty-three specimens) 102-110.
once 113; tail 72-78; bill 18-20.5.
c Ten specimens from the Andes of Boyaca (Lagunillas, Rio Negro) in the Car-
negie Museum agree with a large series from the Santa Marta Mountains.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 39
*Cinclodes fuscus heterurus Madardsz*. VENEZUELAN CINCLODES.
Cinclodes heterurus MADARAsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., I, p. 462, 1903 — Culata,
San Antonio, Valle, Andes of MeYida; REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 240,
1920 — Venezuela (diag.).
Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870,
p. 781, 786 — Paramo of Merida; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 —
part, spec, s1, Paramo of M6rida.
Range: Mountains of western Venezuela (Andes of Me"rida; T£ta
de Niquitao, Trujillo; Paramo de Rosas, Lara)b.
8: Venezuela, Andes of Me'rida (Conejos 2, Nevados i, Culata 5).
*Cinclodes atacamensis atacamensis (Philippi). WHITE-WINGED
CINCLODES.
Upucerthia atacamensis PHILIPPI, Arch. Naturg., 23 (i), p. 263, 1857 — San
Pedro de Atacama, Chile; idem, Reise Wuste Atacama, p. 162, Zool. pi. 3,
1860 — same locality; idem, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Atacama, Copacolla;
idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 26, pi. 13, fig. i, 1902 — Atacama,
Mendoza.
Cinclodes atacamensis (subsp. ?) HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 208,
1909 — Cerro Munoz, Tafi, Prov. Tucuman; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B.
Aires, 30, p. 169, 1919 — part, La Quiaca, Maimara, Jujuy; Aconquija, Tafi,
Prov. Tucuman; Quebrada del Toro, Prov. Salta; Cordillera de Mendoza.
Cinclodes atacamensis HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 68, 1920 —
Ollachea, near Macusani, Peru (crit.); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117,
p. 81, 1921 — La Raya, Pisac, Calca, Chospiyoc, Urubamba region, Peru;
SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Tunuyan, Prov. Mendoza.
Cinclodes bifasciatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, "1858," p. 448, 1859 — Bolivia;
idem, I.e., 1873, p. 780, 782 — Paucartambo, Dept. Cuzco; SCLATER and
SALVIN, I.e., 1874, P- 678 — Paucartambo (crit.); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per.,
2, p. no, 1884 — Junin, Paucartambo; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith.,
i, p. 173, 1888 — Mendoza; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 25, 1890 —
Bolivia; Paucartambo, Peru; Mendoza; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1886, p. 398 —
Chumisa, Sacaya, Sibaya, Cordillera of Tarapaca; idem, I.e., 1891, p. 134 —
Sacaya; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 38 — Sacaya; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Acobamba, Haz. de Queta, near Tarma, Junin;
idem, Ornis, 13, p. 70, 1906 — Coracora, Dept. Ayacucho; SALVADORI, Boll.
Mus. Torino, 12, No. 282, p. 17, 1897 — Carahuassi, Salta; GOSSE in FITZ-
GERALD, The Highest Andes, p. 345, 1899 — on the road from Inca to Vacas,
Prov. Mendoza; LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 449 — Puna of Jujuy (habits) ; LILLO,
a Cinclodes fuscus heterurus MADARASZ: Nearest to C.f. oreobates, but easily sep-
arable by having the three lateral pairs of rectrices almost wholly and of a brighter
cinnamomeous color; besides, the median rectrices are more rufescent brown, the
cinnamomeous wing-band is deeper, while wings and bill appear to be somewhat
shorter. Wing (seventeen specimens) 95-100; tail 66-73; bill 17-19.
b Specimens from Teta de Niquitao and Paramo de Rosas in the Carnegie
Museum are obviously not different.
4o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Sierra de Malamala, Tafi, Prov.
Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 52, 1905 — same locali-
ties; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, u, p. 254, 1904 — Salta, Dept. Rosario;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 290, 1910 — range in Argentina;
REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — Cacheuta; REICHENOW, Journ.
Orn., 68, p. 238, 1920 — Calama, Prov. Antofagasta; Mendoza (spec, in Ber-
lin Museum examined).
Cillurus bifasciatus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 526 — Junin.
Range : Mountains of Peru (from Junin southward) , Bolivia, north-
ern Chile (in provinces of Tarapacd and Antofagasta), and western
Argentina (in provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman, and Mendoza)".
9: Peru (Cerro de Pasco i); Chile (Antofagasta, Rio Loa i, San
Pedro 2; Putre, Tacna i); Bolivia (Silola, Prov. Potosi 2); Argen-
tina (Maimara, Jujuy 2).
Cinclodes atacamensis schocolatinus Reichenowb. CORDOBA WHITE-
WINGED ClNCLODES.
Cinclodes schocolatinus REICHENOW, Journ. Ornith., 68, p. 238, 1920 — Cordoba
(type from Cuesta Copina in Berlin examined).
Cinclodes atacamensis (subsp. ?) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 169,
1919 — part, Serra de Achala, Cordoba.
Cinclodes atacamensis schocolatinus HELLMAYR, El Hornero, 2, p. 290, 1922 —
Cordoba (crit.).
Range : Argentina (Sierra de Cordoba, Prov. of Cordoba) .
Cinclodes palliatus (Tschudi)*. WHITE-BELLIED CINCLODES.
Cillurus palliatus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 281, 1844 — Peru; idem,
• With the limited material at my command, I am not able to make out any
racial distinction between specimens from Peru (Cerro de Pasco; Ollachea, near
Macusani), Argentina (Jujuy, Sierra of Mendoza) and northern Chile (Calama, Rio
Loa, San Pedro), although individual and seasonable variation is considerable. Two
birds from the vicinity of Mendoza, while slightly deeper rufous brown above, show
no approach toward C. a. schocolatinus, from Cordoba. It should also be mentioned
that three Chilean examples, in contradiction to Philippi's description, have the
foreneck conspicuously streaked with whitish and edged with smoke gray, like speci-
mens from other localities. Fourteen skins examined.
b Cinclodes atacamensis schocolatinus REICHENOW: The type, an unsexed adult
in the Berlin Museum, differs from C. a. atacamensis by having the upper parts
much deeper, chocolate rather than rufous brown; the lower surface, posterior to
the foreneck, dark smoke brown, hardly paler along the middle line, and the flanks
as well as the under tail-coverts much darker rufous brown. Wing 105 ; tail 84; bill 21.
Although the type is much more deeply colored than any specimen of C. a. ata-
camensis examined, I should like to see additional material from Cordoba. Dab-
bene (I.e.), in speaking of a bird from this locality, insists on the darker flanks, but
does not mention the other characters exhibited by the Cuesta Copina example.
0 C. palliatus, though remotely allied to C. atacamensis, differs, in addition to
much larger proportions, by pure white under parts, conspicuous black loral spot,
absence of white superciliaries, and other characters. Wing (two adult males) 126-
130; tail 98-103; bill 26-27.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 41
Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 235, pi. 16, fig. 2, 1846 — Montana de Vitoc, Peru;
TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 526 — Junin.
Cindod.es palliatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 678, in text —
Junin (crit.); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 109, 1884 — Montana de Vitoc,
Ninarupa, Moyobamba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 26, 1890 — Peru.
Heleodytes simonsi CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 19, p. 34, 1906 — Galera, Junin (type in
British Museum examined).
Range : Andes of Peru.
Genus UPUCERTHIA Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire.
Upucerihia GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, i,
p- 393. 1832 — type Upucerthia dumetaria GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE.
Ochetorhynchus MEYEN, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., 16, Suppl., p. 80, 1834 —
type Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus MEYEN.
Coprotretis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 24, 1859 — new name for
Upucerthia GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE on grounds of purism.
*Upucerthia dumetaria dumetaria Geoff roy Saint-Hilaire. PATAGON-
IAN EARTH-CREEPER.
Upucerthia dumetaria GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, i, p. 394, 1832 — Patagonia = banks of the Rio Negro (types in Paris
Museum examined).
Uppucerthia dumetorum LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool.,
8, cl. 2, p. 20, 1838 — no locality given.
Upucerthia dumetoria GOULD in DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 66, pi. 19, 1839 —
part, Rio Negro and Port Desire, Patagonia; SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis,
1868, p. 187 — Possession Bay, Str. of Magellan; HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1871, p. 259 — Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1872, p. 544 — Rio Negro; DURNFORD,
Ibis, 1877, p. 35 — eastern Chubut (nesting); idem, I.e., 1878, p. 395 — eastern
Chubut; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 43, 1881 — on the way
from Carhu^ to Puan, Sierra de Currumalan, Prov. Buenos Aires; Rio Color >
ado and Rio Negro, Patagonia; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 205, 1883
— Puan and Carhu6, Prov. Buenos Aires; WITHINGTON, Ibis, 1888, p. 466 —
Lomas de Zamora, Prov. Buenos Aires (breeding) ; SCLATER and HUDSON,
Arg. Ornith., i, p. 170, 1888 — part, Patagonia north to Buenos Aires; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 17, 1890 — part, spec, n-t, Rio Negro, Chubut, Port
Desire, Patagonia; BURMEISTER, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 3, p. 317, 1890 —
Rio Deseado, Prov. Santa Cruz, Patagonia; OUSTALET, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn,
Zool., 6, p. B 67, 1891 — Missioneros, Santa Cruz, Patagonia; HOLLAND, Ibis,
1895, p. 216 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4,
p. 709, 1898 — part, Punta Anegada, Tierra del Fuego (spec, examined);
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910— part, Tierra del
Fuego, Chubut, Rio Negro; GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 408 — Cape San Antonio,
42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for
1922-23, p. 639, 1924 — Buenos Aires.
Upucerthia dumetaria dumetaria MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 54, 1906 — part, Santa Cruz, Patagonia; PETERS, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 312, 1923 — San Antonio, western Rio Negro, Lake
Nahuel Huapi.
Upucerthia propinqua RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889," p. 134,
Feb. 1890 — Gregory Bay, Str. of Magellan (type in U. S. National Museum
examined; =juv.)".
Range : Patagonia, from Tierra del Fuego and the Straits of Magel-
lan north to the Rio Colorado and Neuquen (Collon-Cura, Neuquen,
Lake Nahuel Huapi); casually breeding even in Province of Buenos
Aires (Lomas de Zamora), where not uncommon in winter; also recorded
as winter visitor from Santa Elena, Prov. Entrerios.
2: Argentina (Puerto San Antonio i, Huanuluan i).
*Upucerthia dumetaria darwini Scottb. DARWIN'S EARTH-CREEPER.
Upucerthia darwini SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. LXIII, 1900 — Mendoza,
Argentina (type in British Museum examined; =juv.).
Ochetorhynchus dumetoria BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, p. 94, 1841 — eastern side
of Chilian Andes, lat. 34-35° south.
a Birds from the Straits of Magellan are identical with others from Patagonia.
The type of U. propinqua, a bird in' juvenal plumage, characterized by more numer-
ous roundish blackish edges on breast and abdomen, similar though less distinct
markings on throat and foreneck, and short bill, agrees in every respect with a
female in corresponding stage from Bariloche, Gob .Rio Negro (Mus. C. Z. No. 85390).
R. Ridgway, when describing the supposed new species, compared it with specimens
from Chile (Valle del Yeso) identified as U. d. dumetaria, which prove to belong to
U. d. darwini. Shape and curvature of bill are extremely variable in different indi-
viduals of dumetaria.
Specimens examined. — Tierra del Fuego (Punta Anegada) 2, Straits of Magellan
(Elizabeth Isl., Gregory Bay) 3, near Rio Coy, Patagonia 3, Huanuluan 7, Puerto
San Antonio 5, Rio Negro 2, Puan, Prov. Buenos Aires i.
b Upucerthia dumetaria darwini SCOTT: yery close to U. d. dumetaria, but above
slightly more brownish, with a rufescent tinge on the wings, and generally more
buffy below.
Birds from San Juan (Angaco Sud, Media Agua) agree with a series
from Mendoza, while ten specimens from Tucuman (Tafi del Valle) and Jujuy (Til-
cara, Maimara) differ by their decidedly more brownish upper, and deeper buff under
parts. In coloration above, they approach U. d. hallinani, but have brighter cin-
namomeous tips to the lateral rectrices and are much deeper buff below, with the
dusky ^quamate markings more pronounced. Three immature birds from Chile
(Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 175834 o*. Villa de los Piuquenes, Cord, de Aconcagua,
Dec. 31, 1920, Rafael V. Barros; U. S. Nat. Museum, No. 48864-5, o", 9, Valle del
Yeso, Prov. Santiago, January 1866, A. Philippi) appear to be inseparable from Jujuy
examples, being very different from the common Earth-creeper of Central Chile
( U. d. saturatior) , and are obviously migrants from Argentina.
Specimens examined. — Mendoza n, Cosquin, Cordoba i, Angaco Sud, San
Juan 4, Media Agua, San Juan i, Tafi del Valle, Tucuman 7, Maimara, Jujuy 2,
Tilcara, Jujuy 2, Valle del Yeso, Prov. Santiago 2, Villa de los Piuquenes, Prov.
Aconcagua, Chile i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 43
Uppucerthia dumetoria (not of GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE) PHASER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
ii, p. in, 1843 — eastern side of Chilian Andes, lat. 34-35° south.
Ochetorhynchus dumetorius BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 249, 1860 — Mendoza;
idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 463, 1861 — Mendoza.
Upucerthia dumetoria WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 433 — Cosquin, Cordoba
(spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 17, 1890 — part, spec, k,
Mendoza; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889," p. 134, Feb. 1890 —
Valle del Yeso, Prov. Santiago, Chile (spec, examined); KOSLOWSKY, Rev.
Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 281, 1895 — Chilecito, Rioja; GOSSE in FITZGERALD,
The Highest Andes, p. 345, 1899 — Puente del Inca and Horcones Valley,
Mendoza (spec, examined); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189,
1902 — Rio Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — Rio
Sali; LCNNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 450 — Moreno, Puna de Jujuy; DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910 — part, La Rioja, Jujuy, Cordoba, Men-
doza, Tucuman; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 180, 1923 — Cordillera
of Aconcagua (spec, examined).
Coprotretis dumetoria STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10,
p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba.
Upucerthia fitzgeraldi ScoTT8, Bull. B. O. C., 10, p. 63, 1900 — Puente del Inca,
Mendoza (type in British Museum examined).
Upucerthia dumetaria darwini MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 54, 1906 — Mendoza; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool.,
16, p. 207, 1909 — Mendoza; Cosquin, Cordoba; Tucuman; Cachi, Salta.
Upucerthia dumetoria darwini SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Mendoza;
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 324, 1919 — Mendoza; Tafi del
Valle, Tucuman; Angaco Sud, Media Agua, Prov. San Juan; GIACOMELLI,
El Hornero 3, p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja.
Upucerthia dumetoria dumetoria (errore) REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 30, 1916 —
Mendoza.
Range : Andes of western Argentina, from Mendoza, San Juan, and
Cordoba north to Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy ; casually in central Chile
(provinces of Santiago and Aconcagua).
2: Argentina (Maimara, Prov. Jujuy 2).
*Upucerthia dumetaria hallinani Chapman*. HALLINAN'S EARTH-
CREEPER.
Upucerthia dumetoria hallinani CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 324,
Sept. 1919 — Tofo, sixty miles north of Coquimbo, Chile (type examined).
a This supposed species was merely based on very worn specimens of U. darwini
the type of which is a young bird in perfectly fresh plumage. Fortunately, in one
of the original examples which is in the process of molting there are enough newly
growing feathers to show that the squamate markings on foreneck and chest are just
as well developed as in other individuals of darwini.
b Upucerthia dumetaria hallinani CHAPMAN: Very similar to U. d. darwini, but
upper parts paler, sandy rather than smoky; lower parts more whitish, only the
44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Upucerthia dumetoria (not U. dumetaria of GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE) DARWIN,
Zoo\. Beagle, 3, p. 66, 1839 — part, Coquimbo; PHILIPPI, Reise Wueste Ata-
cama, p. 161, 1860 — banks of the Rio Atacama; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 324, 338 — Coquimbo; SHARPS, I.e., 1881, p. 9 — Coquimbo; PHILIPPI,
Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Atacama, Copacolla; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
!$» P- !?> I89o — part, spec, a-c, Coquimbo; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 4,
p. 709, 1898 — part, Coquimbo, La Serena (spec, examined).
Range : Northern Chile, from Coquimbo to Antofagasta.
15: Chile (Romero, near Coquimbo 4, Bafios del Toro, Prov.
Coquimbo 3; Domeyko 3, near Caldera i, Ramadilla, Copiap6
valley, Prov. Atacama i ; Rio Loa, Prov. Antofagasta 3).
"Upucerthia dumetaria saturatior Scott*. CHILIAN EARTH-CREEPER.
Upucerthia saturatior SCOTT, Bull. B. O. Cl., 10, p. 63, March 1900 — "Central
Chile" (type in British Museum examined).
Upucerthia tamucoensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27, p. 101, 1911 — Temuco,
Prov. Cautin (type in British Museum examined).
Uppucerthia dumetoria (not of GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE) CASSIN in Gilliss,
U. S. Astron. Exped., 2, p. 188, 1855 — Chile; PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool.,
I, V6gel, p. 58, 1865 — Chile (spec, examined).
Upucerthia dumetoria ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 88, 1889 — Valpar-
aiso; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 17, 1890 — part, Chile; BARROS,
Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 143, 1920 — Nilahu6, Prov. Curico.
Upucerthia dumetaria dumetaria MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 54, 1906 — part, spec, f, g, Chile.
Upucerthia dumetoria saturatior CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 324,
1919 — Santiago, Valparaiso.
chest and flanks pale buff, with fewer and narrower squamate markings on foreneck;
tips to lateral rectrices brighter cinnamomeous; wings on average shorter. Similar
also to U. d. dumetaria, but wings generally shorter, bill longer, dusky markings below
narrower and more restricted, flanks more buffy brown, etc. Wing (male) 100-106,
(female) 95-100; tail 77-88; bill 33-38.
Birds from Romero, Prov. Coquimbo are darker below, approaching U. d. sat-
uratior.
Seventeen specimens from Coquimbo to Antofagasta examined.
• Upucerthia dumetaria saturatior SCOTT: Differs at a glance from the other races
by very much darker olive or sepia brown upper parts, without paler tips to the
wing-coverts; tawny rather than cinnamomeous basal portion of remiges; deep olive
or sepia brown median rectrices; generally wider, deeper cinnamon rufous tips to
lateral rectrices; much darker, avellaneous rather than buffy under parts, with the
blackish margins on foreneck and chest much more pronounced, and the flanks dark
wood or sooty brown; decidedly shorter, stouter, deeper blackish bill. Wing (male)
97-104, (female) 93-100; tail 75-84; bill 28-32.
Eight specimens from Cautin, including the type of U. tamucoensis, are not sep-
arable from the series taken between Concepcion and Valparaiso. The type of
U. saturatior is an exact duplicate of the Olmu6 skin. Two birds from Santiago,
without date of capture, are also referable to this race.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 45
Range: Central Chile, from Valparaiso and Santiago south to
Cautin.
14: Chile (Olmue, Prov. Valparaiso i; Zeno i; Quirihue", Prov.
Maule i ; Hacienda Gualpencillo, near Concepcion 7 ; Villa Portales i ,
Rio Lolen 2, Lake Gualletue", Prov. Cautin i).
*Upucerthia validirostris validirostris (Burmeister)*. BUFF-BELLIED
EARTH-CREEPER.
Ochetorhynchus validirostris BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., a, p. 464, 1861 —
Sierra de Mendoza (type in Halle Museum examined).
Ochetorhynchus andicola (not Uppucerthia andaecola LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY)
BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Sierra de Mendoza.
Upucerthia validirostris SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 18, 1890 — "Pampas
of Argentine Republic"; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucu-
man; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 — Cerro Munoz,
La Cienaga, Prov. Tucuman; Cachi, Prov. Salta; DABBENE, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910 — La Cienaga, Prov. Tucuman; "Pampas,"
"Mendoza."
Upucerthia dabbenei CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 325, 1919 — above
Tafi del Valle, Prov. Tucuman.
Range: Andes of western Argentina, in provinces of Mendoza,
Tucumanb, and Salta.
*Upucerthia validirostris pallida Taczanowski0. PALE EARTH-CREEPER.
Upucerthia pallida TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 71 — "Junin," Peru;
a Upucerthia validirostris is quite distinct specifically, differing from the dutne-
taria group by much stronger and more convex bill; the wholly orange cinnamon
three outer pairs of rectrices; light pinkish cinnamon instead of buffy superciliaries
and lower parts, the foreneck and chest without conspicuous dusky squamate mark-
ings; more strongly defined and deeper tawny area on wings, etc. Wing 95-98:
tail 87-91 ; bill 38-39.
b Birds from Tucuman ( U. dabbenei) are obviously inseparable from 0. validiros-
tris. On comparing four specimens from Cerro Munoz with the type in the Halle
Museum, I found them to agree in all essential features except that they were just
a slight shade more grayish above and somewhat brighter pinkish cinnamon below,
with faint traces of grayish edges on foreneck and lower throat, which are barely
indicated on a few feathers in Burmeister's example. These insignificant variations
are, however, easily accounted for by the immaturity of the type. Although orig-
inally described from the Sierra of Mendoza, U. validirostris has never been found
there again, and I would not be surprised if the type locality proved to be erroneous.
0 Upucerthia validirostris pallida TACZANOWSKI: This is not a very strongly
marked race, differing only by generally smaller size, shorter bill, somewhat paler
under parts, and paler brown median rectrices. All of these characters are, how-
ever, more or less variable, and some of the birds from Tacna closely approach-
U. v. validirostris in size and coloration.
1 am rather doubtful as to the applicability of the name pallida. Taczanowski's
description, while corresponding to the birds from southern Peru and Bolivia, was
46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
idem, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 107, 1884 — "Junin"; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN,
Ornis, 13, p. 70, 1906 — Sondor, Salazara, Caraveli, Prov. Ayacucho; CHAP-
MAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 81, 1921 — Tirapata, Titicaca basin; La
Raya, Tica-tica, head of Urubamba Valley.
Upucerthia jelskii (not of CABANIS) ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 354,
1876 — Conima, Lake Titicaca; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 18, 1890 —
part, spec, d, e, Bolivia; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1891, p. 134 — Sacaya, Cord,
of Tarapacd; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 37 — Sacaya, Huasco, Tarapaca, Chile;
BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 128, 1906 — Puno, Peru.
Upucerthia validirostris (not of BURMEISTER) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m.
Soc. Hist. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 55, 1906 — Chile.
Range: Andes of southern Peru (in depts. Cuzco, Puno, and Aya-
cucho), Bolivia (in prov. La Paz, Oruro, and Potosi), and northern
Chile (in prov. Tacna and Tarapaca).
7: Chile (Putre, Prov. Tacna 7).
*Upucerthia validirostris jelskii (Cabanis)*. JELSKI'S EARTH-CREEPER.
Coprotretis jelskii CABANisb, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 98, 1874 — Junin (type in Berlin
Museum examined).
Upucerthia jelskii TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 526 — Junin; idem,
Orn. P6r., 2, p. 106, 1884 — Junin; between Huancayo and the Cordillera of
based upon two examples from "Junin" in the Raimondi collection. All the speci-
mens I have feen from the Junin district are, however, clearly referable to U. v. jel-
skii which is certainly but a northern race of the present bird. I cannot help think-
ing that there is some mistake about the type locality of U. pallida.
MEASUREMENTS
U. validirostris pallida
Two males, Tirapata, Titicaca basin
Two females, Tirapata
One male, Anta, Cuzco, Peru
One male, La Paz, Bolivia
Two females, Mauri, Dept. La Paz,
Bolivia
Two males, Potosi, Bolivia
Three males, Oruro, Bolivia (Sajama)
Six males, Prov. Tacna, Chile
Two females, Prov. Tacna, Chile
U. validirostris jelskii
Four males, Junin
Three females, Junin
One male, Cerro de Pasco
a Upucerthia validirostris jelskii (Cabanis) : Similar to U. v. pallida, but less buffy
below; median rectrices much darker brown, the lateral ones dusky brown faintly
tinged with rufescent (instead of bright orange cinnamon), and the cinnamon area
of the remiges barely suggested. Seven specimens, including the type, from Junin
and one from Cerro de Pasco examined.
b An earlier name is possibly Upucerthia hypoleuca REICHENBACH (Handb. spez.
Orn., Scansoriae, p. 214, pi. s62b = 607, fig. 4072, 1853), supposed to be from "Chile."
WING
TAIL
BILL
89,91
77,77
3i-5,32
85,86
71,72
31,33
91
78
28
88
74
31
86,88
74,74
32,38
87,89
72,75
31,32
85,88,88
74,78,78
33-5,37,37-5
89-97
79-85
32-36
86,90
79,79
32-5,35
84,85,86,87
66,68,70,73
3i,3i-5,32.5,32.5
81.5,82,85
65,70
30,31,32
86
69
31
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 47
Huaritanga; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 18, 1890 — part, spec, a-c,
Junin, Peru; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 —
Ingapirca, Queta, near Tarma, Junin.
Range: Central Peru, in Dept. Junin (Cerro de Pasco, Junin, Inga-
pirca, Queta, Chipa, Huancayo).
i : Peru (Cerro de Pasco i).
*Upucerthia serrana Taczanowski*. STRIATED EARTH-CREEPER.
Upucerthia serrana TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 525 — Junin and Acan-
cocha, Peru; idem, 1. c., 1880, p. 200 — Cutervo; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 107,
1884 — Cutervo, Acancocha, Junin; SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 13, 1895 — Caja-
marca, Huamachuco, Cajabamba; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Palcayamo, Queta; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 331,
1906 (range).
Upucerthia andicola (not Uppucerthia andaecola LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY)
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 19, 1890 — Cutervo, Maraynioc.
Cinclodes neglectus CORY, Auk, 36, p. 89, 1919 — Mountains near Otuzco, Peru
(=juv.).
Range ; Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru, in depts Cajamarca,
Libertad, Huanuco, and Junin.
5: Peru (Mts. near Otuzco i, Hudnuco Mts. 3, La Quinua i).
Upucerthia andaecola Lafresnaye and D'0rbignyb. RUFOUS-TAILED
EARTH-CREEPER.
Uppucerthia andaecola LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool.,
8, cl. 2, p. 21, 1838 — La Paz, Sicasica, Bolivia (types in Paris Museum exam-
ined); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mein. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 55,
Description and figure, while generally agreeing with the characters of U. jelskii,
are inadequate for proper identification, and the type does not any longer exist in
the Dresden Museum, as I am kindly informed by Dr. Arnold Jacobi.
• Upucerthia serrana TACZANOWSKI: Related to U. andaecola and, like it, with
uniform rufous tail, but larger, with culmen more strongly curved; pileum and upper
back dark earthy brown, with narrow buff shaft streaks on forehead and hindneck;
upper wing-coverts and outer webs of remiges much brighter russet; under parts
darker, more washed with grayish brown, conspicuously streaked with buff on chest
and sides; flanks much less buffy brown. Wing (four males) 86-88, (three females)
83-87; tail 84-90; bill 24-27.
The only adult specimen seen from northern Peru (Cajabamba) being in very
worn condition, is not properly comparable with a series of newly molted birds from
Junin and Huanuco. The type of Cinclodes neglectus is a bird in fluffy juvenile plu-
mage with undeveloped bill. Although probably but a northern race of U. andae-
cola, this species is too little known to admit the use of a trinomial designation.
b Eight specimens from Bolivia (La Paz 6, Vacas i, Sicasica i) examined.
48 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
1906 — La Paz, Sicasica (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 331, 1906 —
Bolivia (crit.).
Uppucerthia andecola D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. me"rid., Ois., p. 371, pi. 56,
fig. 2, 1847 — La Paz, Inquisivi, Totora, "Valle Grande," Bolivia.
Upucerthia bridgesi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 32 — Bolivia (types in Brit-
ish Museum examined); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 19, 1890 — Bolivia.
(?) Upucerthia serrana (not of TACZANOWSKI) LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat., i, p. 24,
1909 — El Volcan, Prov. Jujuy; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 329, 1914
(ex LILLO).
Range: Andes of Bolivia, in depts. of La Paz and Cochabamba;
(?) northwestern Argentina (Prov. Jujuy) a.
*Upucerthia ruficauda (Meyen)b. MEYEN'S EARTH-CREEPER.
Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus MEYEN°, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., 16, Suppl.,
p. 81, pi. ii, 1834 — foot of Volcan of Maipu, Prov. Santiago, Chile; BUR-
MEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Sierra de Mendoza; idem, Reise La
Plata St., 2, p. 463, 1861 — Sierra de Uspallata, Mendoza.
Uppucerthia montana LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool.,
8, cl. 2, p. 22, 1838 — Palca (above Tacna), "Peru" = Chile (type in Paris
Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame"r. me"rid., Ois., p. 371, pi. 56,
fig. i, 1847 — on the plateaux of Bolivia and "Peru," principally in the vicin-
ity of La Paz.
Upucerthia baeri OUSTALET, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 43, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucu-
man (type in Paris Museum examined); BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Lara;
LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 54, 1905 — Lara, Cerro Muftoz, Tucuman;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910— same localities.
Enicornis striata ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 89, 1889 — "Chile, prob-
ably Valparaiso" (?) (type examined).
Cinclodes montanus TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 235, 1846 — Palca (ex D'OR-
BIGNY); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 108, 1884 — Palca (ex D'ORBIGNY),
Arequipa, Peru.
Upucerthia ruficauda SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 619 — La Paz
(ex D'ORBIGNY); SCLATER, I.e., 1886, p. 398 — Lalcalhuay, Cord, of Tara-
paca, Chile; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 171, 1888 — Chile, Men-
doza; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 88, 1889 — Valparaiso (?);
a Argentina specimens which we have not seen are more likely to be referable
to U. andaecola than to the Peruvian U. serrana,
b Upucerthia ruficauda (MEYEN), in general coloration, bears a striking similarity
to U. andaecola, but may be recognized by the inner web of the second to fifth rectrix
being partly or wholly black; by much less conspicuous, pale cinnamon instead of
dark brown striping of the flanks, paler, almost whitish superciliaries, and decidedly
straighter bill. In spite of their close resemblance I hesitate to treat them as sub-
species, since their ranges appear to overlap in Bolivia.
0 Although the figure is barely recognizable, the description of the tail markings
corresponds exactly to the species afterwards named U. montana by Lafresnay e and
D'Orbigny.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 49
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 20, 1890 — Mendoza; Laguna Colguapa,
Chubut; Bolivia; GOSSE in Fitzgerald, The Highest Andes, p. 346, 1899 —
Aconcagua, Puente del Inca, Sierra of Mendoza; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,
Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 57, 1906 — Palca, Chile; Lara, Tucuman
(crit.); LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat., i, p. 24, 1909 — Prov. Tucuman; DABBENE,
Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910 — Cordilleras of Mendoza; REED,
Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 30, 1906 — Prov. Mendoza.
Upucerthia ruficaudus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 —
Cerro Munoz, Prov. Tucuman.
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of southern Peru (Dept.
Arequipa), Bolivia (depts. La Paz and Potosi), Chile (from Prov.
Tacna south to Santiago), and Argentina (prov. Tucuman and
Mendoza, also once recorded from Laguna Colguapa, western Chubut) a.
1 1 : Chile (Putre, Prov. Tacna i ; twenty miles east of San Pedro,
Prov. Antofagasta 4; Banos del Toro, Prov. Coquimbo 6).
Upucerthia certhioides certhioides (Lafresnaye and D'0rbigny)b.
LAPRESNAYE'S EARTH-CREEPER.
\
Anabates certhioides LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8,
cl. 2, p. 15, 1838 — Corrientes, Argentina (type in Paris Museum examined).
Ochetorhynchus luscinia BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 464, 1861 —
part, Parana, Entrerios0.
Upucerthia luscinia SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 171, 1888 — part,
Parand; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910 — part, Ocampo.
Upucerthia certhioides MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun,
19, p. 56, 1906 — Corrientes; San Vicente, Prov. Santa F6 (crit.).
Upucerthia certhioides certhioides HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 207,
1909 — San Vicente, Mocovi, Ocampo, Prov. Santa F6 (breeding habits).
Range: Eastern Argentina, in provinces of Santa Fe", Corrientes,
and Entrerios.
a While there is much individual variation in the amount of black on the lateral
rectrices and the striping beneath, I am unable to make out any racial distinction
between birds from Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.
Specimens examined. — Chile: Putre i, Palca, Tacna i; Antofagasta, Ascotan i,
Pugios i, twenty miles east of San Pedro 4; "Valparaiso" i; Banos del Toro, Co-
quimbo 6. Bolivia: Mauri, near Corocoro, Dept. La Paz i, Potosi 3. Argentina:
Sierra of Mendoza 2, Prov. Tucuman, Lara i. Cerro Munoz 3.
b Upucerthia certhioides certhioides (LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) : Differs from
U. certhioides luscinia by much more rufous brown upper parts, flanks, and under
tail-coverts. Wing 66-70; tail 67-70; bill 23-25. Besides the type from Corrientes,
I have examined four specimens from Prov. Santa F<§ (San Vicente, Ocampo, Mocovi)
in the Tring Museum.
0 Burmeister obviously did not secure specimens at Parana. The two marked
types in the Halle Museum as well as a third skin of Burmeister's in the British
Museum are from Mendoza.
50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
TTpucerthia certhioides luscinia (Burmeister) . WARBLING EARTH-
CREEPER.
Ochetorhynchus luscinia BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249, 1860 — "uberall
im mittleren und westlichen Gebiet" (the types examined in the Halle Mu-
seum are from Mendoza); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 464, 1861 — part,
Mendoza; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 196, 1878 — Sierra de Cordoba;
STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 —
Cordoba.
Upucerthia luscinia SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 358 — Salta; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1882, p. 610 — Fuerte de Andalgala, Catamarca; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg.
Orn., i, p. 171, 1888 — part, western Argentina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 20, 1890 — Mendoza, Catamarca, Cordoba, Salta (spec, examined);
KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 281, 1895 — Chilecito, La Rioja;
SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 17, 1891 — Tala, Salta; LILLO,
Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Tapia, Vipos, Prov. Tucuman;
idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — same localities; BRUCH, Rev.
Mus. La Plata, n, p. 254, 1904 — Vina, Salta; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 —
Tapia, Tucumdn; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
J9, P- 56, 1906 — Cordoba, Tapia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18,
p. 289, 1910 (range, excl. Ocampo, Chaco).
Upucerthia certhioides luscinia HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 208,
1909 — Vipos, Tapia, Prov. Tucuman; Catamarca (city); Arenal, Prov. Salta;
SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Mendoza; GIACOMELLI, I.e., 3, p. 73,
1923 — La Rioja.
Upucerthia luscinia luscinia REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 30, 1916 — Las Heras,
Mendoza.
Range: Western Argentina, from Mendoza and the western sec-
tion of Cordoba (Sierra) north to Tucuman and Salta*.
5: Argentina, Prov. Tucumdn (Leales 3, Tapia i, Trancas i).
Upucerthia harterti Berkpsch*. HARTERT'S EARTH-CREEPER.
Upucerthia, harterti BERLEPSCH, Bericht 17. Jahresvers. Allg. Deuts. Orn. Ges.,
1892, p. 10, Dec. 25, 1892 — Valle grande (type) and Trigal, eastern Bolivia
(spec, examined); idem, Journ. Ornith., 40, p. 452, 1893 — (reprint).
Range: Bolivia, in eastern section of Dept. Cochabamba (Trigal,
Valle Grande).
* Twelve specimens from Tucuman and Salta are not different from eight others
taken in prov. Mendoza, Catamarca, and Cordoba (Cosquin).
b Upucerthia harterti BERLEPSCH: Resembling U. certhioides in proportions and
shape of bill, but differing by the absence of the rufous brown forehead; pale buff
(instead of chestnut) superciliaries ; more rufous brown upper tail-coverts and rec-
trices; pale buff (instead of dingy grayish brown) under parts (except the throat
which is white in both species), with more fulvous flanks and under tail-coverts.
Wing (two females) 65, 67; tail 70; bill 24.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 51
TTpucerthia excelsior* excelsior (Sclater). STOUT-BILLED EARTH-
CREEPER.
Cinclodes excelsior SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 77 — Mt. Chimborazo
(type) and Pichincha, Ecuador.
Upucerthia excelsior TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 94 —
San Rafael, Chimborazo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 18, 1890 —
Pichincha, Panza, Quito, Sical, Ecuadorb; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490,
1898 — Cayambe; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
p. 1 8, 1899 — Paredones, Paramos of Azuay, Chaupi (Illiniza), Vallevicioso
(Cotopaxi); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 59 — Pichincha, Pedregal, Coraz6n;
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 55, 1906 —
Pichincha, Tumbaco; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat.,
9, p. B 38, 1911 — same localities; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14,
No. 25, p. 68, 1922 — Pichincha, below Guamani, west of Papallacta.
Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes of Ecuador.
3: Ecuador (Pichincha 3).
*Upucerthia excelsior columbiana Chapman0. COLOMBIAN STOUT-
BILLED EARTH- CREEPER.
Upucerthia excelsior columbiana CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31,
p. 148, 1912 — Paramo of Santa Isabel, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 401,
1917 — Santa Isabel.
Range: Temperate Zone of the Quindio Andes (Santa Isabel),
Colombia.
2: Colombia (Santa Isabel 2).
Genus ENICORNIS Gray.
Eremobius (not Eremobia STEPHENS 1829) GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3,
p. 69, Nov. 1839 — type by monotypy Eremobius phoenicurus GOULD.
Enicornis G. R. GRAY, List Genera Birds, p. 17, 1840 — new name for Eremobius
GOULD.
Henicornis AGASSIZ, Nomencl. Zool. Index, p. 178, 1846 — emendation.
*Enicornis phoenicurus (Gould}. RED-TAILED ENICORNIS.
Eremobius phoenicurus GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 69, pi. 21, Nov.
1839 — Port Desire, San Julian, and Santa Cruz, east coast of Patagonia
8 This species is hardly congeneric with U. dumetaria and shows affinities to
Cinclodes.
b The bird from Tilotilo, Yungas of Bolivia, doubtless belongs to some other
species unless the locality be erroneous.
0 Upucerthia excelsior columbiana CHAPMAN: Similar to U. e. excelsior, but slightly
darker above, and more whitish below, with the brown areas of a deeper, less ful-
vous tinge.
52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
(spec, in Brit. Museum examined), and "eastern valleys of the barren Cor-
dillera, near Mendoza" a.
Upucerthia phoenicura DBS MURS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool., i, p. 280,
1847 (ex GOULD).
Henicornis phoenicurus DURNFORD, Ibis, 1878, p. 395 — Chubut; SCLATER and
HUDSON, Argent. Orn., i, p. 173, 1888 — "Chile" (errore), and Patagonia;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 291, 1910 — range; REED, Av.
Prov. Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — "Mendoza."
Henicornis phoenicura SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 26, 1890 — Santa Cruz,
Port Desire, San Julian, Chubut; SALVADORI, Ibis, 1908, p. 451 (synon., range).
Henicornis wallisi Scorrb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. LXIII, 1900 — Arroyo Eke
(type) and Chubut, Patagonia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18,
p. 291, 1910 — western Patagonia.
Eremobius phoenicurus wallisi PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 314, 1923 —
Maquinchao, Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro (crit.).
Range: Patagonia, from the Gobernacion del Rio Negro south to
Santa Cruz.
i : Argentina (Maquinchao, Gob. del Rio Negro i).
Genus CHILIA Salvador*.
Chilia SALVADORI, Ibis (9), 2, p. 451, 1908 — type by orig. desig. Enicornis melan-
ura GRAY.
*Chilia melanura melanura (G. R. Gray), MOUNTAIN Tococo.
Enicornis melanura G. R. GRAY, Genera of Birds, i, p. 133, pi. 41, 1846 — no
locality given (the type examined in the Brit. Mus. is from Chile);
MENEGAUX and HELLMATR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 64, 1906 —
Santiago, Chile.
Henicornis Gouldi CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 24, 1859 — "Patagonia"
(errore) and Chile (synon. part) (type examined ;=juv.); PELZELN, Reise
Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865 — Chile.
Henicornis melanura SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 27, 1890 — Cordillera
de Santiago, Chile.
Chilia melanura SALVADORI, Ibis, 1918, p. 454 (synon., crit.).
* Only seen, no specimens obtained. Its occurrence near Mendoza, thus, requires
confirmation.
b This supposed race is obviously inseparable, since the coloration of the tail
used as principal character for its discrimination proves to be exceedingly variable.
While Darwin's three original examples from the Patagonian east coast have a con-
spicuous rufous area at the base of the median rectrices, these are wholly brown in
three others from Santa Cruz, in the American Museum of Natural History. In a
small series from Chubut (Colhu6-Amapi) at Tring, two have uniform brown middle
tail feathers, while a third specimen has the inner web for about an inch rufous.
On the other hand, all the birds in a series of fifteen from western Rio Negro, in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, have brown median rectrices.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 53
Henicornis (Chilia) melanura BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 181, 1923 —
Cordillera of Prov. Aconcagua (habits).
Range: Central Chile, in provinces of Aconcagua, Santiago and
Valparaiso.
i : Chile (Lliu Lliu, above Limache, Prov. Valparaiso i).
*Chilia melanura atacamae subsp. nov.a. NORTHERN MOUNTAIN
Tococo.
Ericornis (sic) melanura (not of GRAY) CASSIN in Gilliss, U. S. Astron. Exp.
South Hemisph., 2, p. 188, pi. 21, fig. i, 1855 — Chile.
Range : Northern Chile, in Province of Atacama.
4: Chile (Domeyko, Prov. Atacama 4).
Genus LIMNORNIS Gould.
Limnornis GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 80, Nov. 1839 — type by subs,
desig. (Gray, 1840) Limnornis curvirostris GOULD.
Limnophyes (not of EATON 1875) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 34 — type by
monotypy Limnornis curvirostris GOULD.
Thryolegus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 210 — new name
for Limnophyes SCLATER.
*Limnornis curvirostris Gould. CURVE-BILLED REED-RUNNER.
Limnornis curvirostris GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 81, pi. 25, 1839 —
Maldonado, Uruguay; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 141 —
Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires; BURMEISTER, I.e., p. 636 — shore of Rio de
La Plata near Buenos Aires; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 182 — Prov. Buenos
Aires (habits); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 191, 1888 — Argen-
tina (habits); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, p. 299, pi. n, fig. 9 (egg), 1902 —
Buenos Aires (nest and eggs descr.); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool.,
1 6, p. 215, 1909 — Punta Lara, Barracas al Sud, Prov. Buenos Aires.
a Chilia melanura atacamae subsp. nov.
Type from Domeyko (63 kilom. south of Vallenar), Atacama, Chile, in Field
Museum of Natural History, No. 54164. Adult male, August n, 1923. C. C. San-
born.
Similar to C. m. melanura, of central Chile, but differs at a glance by its very
much paler coloration; pileum and back being drab (instead of deep bister), the
former slightly more grayish; rump, upper and under tail-coverts, base of rectrices
and wing-band hazel instead of chestnut ; upper wing-coverts grayish brown, edged
with cinnamon drab, instead of dusky brown, edged with bister; superciliaries more
purely white and more sharply defined; breast light grayish, streaked with white,
instead of plain smoky brownish gray; flanks somewhat paler brown; bill decidedly
slenderer and slightly shorter. Wing 80-85; tail 77-84; bill 22-23.
This strongly marked form is obviously the northern representative of C. melan-
ura, hitherto the only member of the genus. It is faithfully depicted in the report on
the collections of the U. S. Astronomical Expedition under Lieut. J. M. Gilliss.
54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Limnophyes curvirostris SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 76, 1890 — Maldon-
ado, Montevideo, Uruguay; Conchitas, Belgrano, Rio Lujan, Buenos Aires.
Limnophges (sic) curvirostris IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p.
129, 1899 — Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul (spec, examined).
Thryolegus curvirostris IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 236, 1907 — Las Talas, Prov.
Buenos Aires; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 300, 1910 — Prov.
Buenos Aires; HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 392, 1916 — La Plata; TREMOLERAS, El
Hornero, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Uruguay; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1923 —
Santa Elena, Prov. Entrerios; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167, 1923 — San Isidro, Prov.
B. Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23,
p. 642, 1924 — Buenos Aires, Uruguay.
Range : Reed-beds of the Rio La Plata in eastern Argentina (from
Buenos Aires north to Entrerios) and Uruguay, and of the Lagoa dos
Patos in Province of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.
2: Argentina (Barracas al Sud i, Quilmes i).
LIMNOCTITES genus nov.».
Limnoctites rectirostris (Gould)0. STRAIGHT-BILLED REED-RUNNER.
Limnornis rectirostris GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 80, pi. 26, 1839—
Maldonado, Uruguay; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 77, 1890 — Mal-
donado (spec, examined).
Range : Reed-beds of the La Plata River near Maldonado, Uruguay.
Subfamily SYNALLAXINAE.
Genus SYLVIORTHORHYNCHUS DesMurs.
Sylviorthorhynchus DESMURS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool., I, p. 315, 1847 —
type Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii DESMURS.
Schizura CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 338, 1847 — new name for Sylvior-
thorhynchus DESMURS.
Silviorthrorhynchus BOECK, Naumannia, 1855, p. 501 — emendation.
* Limnoctites genus nov.
Allied to Limnornis GOULD, but wings and tarsi very much shorter ; rectrices much
narrower and pointed at the tip, instead of broadly rounded, with the inner web
distinctly emarginate subapically; bill much more slender and strongly compressed
laterally; culmen nearly straight.
Type: Limnornis rectirostris GOULD.
b In coloration, this species bears a remarkable likeness to Limnornis curvirostris,
yet it differs by the large, bright cinnamon rufous patch on the wing, formed by
the lesser, median, and outer webs of the greater upper wing-coverts, as well as by
the much less distinct superciliary being reduced to a short dingy grayish postocular
streak. The upper parts, too, appear to be of a somewhat lighter, more olivaceous
hue. Wing (two specimens) 59, 65; tail about 56; tarsus 17; bill 24, 25.
I* Darwin's two specimens in the British Museum are the only ones in existence.
Although the tail is incomplete in both of the types, there can be no question as to
this bird being quite distinct from Limnornis curvirostris found in the same region.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 55
*Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii DesMurs. DssMuRs's SPINE-TAIL.
Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii DssMuRS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool.,
p. 316, Orn. pi. 3, 1847 — Prov. Valdivia, particularly near Corral, Chile
(type in Paris Museum examined); idem, Iconog. ornith., livr. 8, p. 6, 1847 —
Chile; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 65,
1906 — Chile.
Sylviorthorhynchus malur aides DssMuRS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 8, pi. 45 [ = 46],
1847; idem, in Chenu, Encycl. Hist. Nat., 3, p. 155, 1852 — Chile; HARTLAUB,
Naumannia, 3, p. 211, 1853 — Valdivia (crit.).
Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59,
1865— Chiloe Id.
Sylviorthorhynchus desmursi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile;
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 31, 1890 — Chile, Smythe's Channel; LANE,
Ibis, 1897, p. 39 — Rio Bueno, Prov. Valdivia (habits); NICOLL, Ibis, 1904,
p. 46 — Gray's Harbor, Messier Channel; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i,
p. 245, 1913 — western Chubut, and southern Neuquen.
Silviorthrorhynchus Desmurii BOECK, Naumannia, 5, p. 501, 1855 — Valdivia.
Range: Southern Chile, from Concepcion down to the Magellan
Territory (Gray's Harbor, Messier Channel; Smythe's Channel) and
adjacent portions of Argentina (western Chubut and southern Neuquen) .
16: Chile (Rio Aysen 2; Melinka, Ascension Id., Guaitecas Ids. i;
Mafil, Prov. Valdivia 5; Quellon, Chiloe Id. 2; Curacautin, Prov.
Malleco 3; Hacienda Gualpencillo, near Concepcion 3.)
Sylviorthorhynchus fasciolatus F. Philippi*. PHILIPPI'S SPINE-TAIL.
Sylviorthorhynchus fasciolatus F. PHILIPPI, Bol. Mus. Nac. Chile, i, No. 3, p. 65,
1909 — Valdivia, Chile.
Range: Chile (Valdivia).
Genus APHRASTURA Oberholser.
Oxyurus (not of RAFINESQUE 1810) SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, No. n, p. 354,
1827 — characters, but no type given; idem, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 313, July
1837 — type Oxyurus australis SWAINSON = Motacilla spinicauda GMELIN.
Aphrastura OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 210 — type
Motacilla spinicauda GMELIN.
* Sylviorthorhynchus fasciolatus F. PHILIPPI : The single specimen forming the
basis of this supposed species is described as being similar to 5. desmurii, but with the
under parts paler, more buffy whitish, and with (twelve or more) narrow, blackish
transverse bands on the outer web of the primaries. I am rather inclined to attribute
these characters to individual variation, for I can hardly believe that two nearly
allied species should occur together near Valdivia. Not one of our sixteen examples
of 5. desmurii shows the slightest trace of dark bars on the wing, but the coloration
of the lower surface varies much individually.
$6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Aphrastura spinicauda spinicauda (Gmeliri). THORN-TAILED CREEPER.
Motacilla spinicauda GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), p. 978, 1789 — based on Latham,
Gen. Syn. Birds, 2 (2), p. 463, No. 71, pi. 52, Tierra del Fuego.
Synallaxis tupinieri LESSON, Man. d'Orn., i, p. 281, 1828 — Prov. Concepcion,
Chile; idem, Voy. Coquille, Zool., i, livr. 10, p. 665, pi. 29, fig. i, 1829.
Oxyurus australis SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 313, July 1837 — based on
Latham, pi. 52.
Oxyurus ornatus SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 324, Dec. 1837 — Chile.
Oxiurus patagonicus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 135, 1842 (new name for Sylvia
spinicauda LATHAM, Ind. Orn., 2, p. 518, 1790, Tierra del Fuego).
Motacilla seticauda FORSTER, Descript. Anim., p. 328, 1844 — Tierra del Fuego.
Oxyurus tupinieri GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 81, 1839 — Tierra del
Fuego and Chile as far north as a degree south of Valparaiso.
Synallaxis spinicauda BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., n, p. 112, 1843 — Chile; DEsMuRS
in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool., I, p. 292, 1847 — Chile.
Oxyurus spinicauda HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, p. 211, 1853 — Valdivia; SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324, 338 — Chile; SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1868,
p. 187 — Sandy Point, Str. of Magellan; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 433 —
Port Otway, Puerto Bueno, Puerto Churruca; SHARPE, I.e., 1881, p. 9 — Puerto
Riofrio, Trinidad Channel, Str. of Magellan; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus.,
12, 1889, p. 132, Feb. 1890 — Laredo Bay, Port Otway, Chile; SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 30, 1890 — Santiago, Chile; Straits of Magellan; Hermit
Id., Tierra del Fuego; OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B 69,
1891 — Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuegoa; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 38 — Maquegua,
Prov. Arauco; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 707, 1898 — Seno Almiran-
tazgo, Tierra del Fuego; NICOLL, Ibis, 1904, p. 45 — Churruca Bay, Str. of
Magellan; CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 78, col. pi., 1907 — Rio
McClelland Settlement.
Oxyurus spinicaudus PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865 — Chile;
CABANIS and REICHENOW, Journ. Ornith., 24, p. 323, 1876 — Str. of Magellan;
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 92, 1889 — "Mapiri" (!).
Aphrastura spinicauda SALVADORI, Ann. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Genova, (2) 20
"1899," p. 617, Dec. 1900 — Port Cook, Staten Isl., Punta Arenas; ARRIBAL-
ZAGA, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 164, 1902 — Lago General Paz, Chubut;
DABBENE, I.e., p. 367, 1902 — Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego; idem, I.e., 18, p. 292,
1910 — Tierra del Fuego, Staten Id., Lago General Paz, Chubut; HARTERT
and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 209, 1909 — Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego;
BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 144, 1920 — Nilahue', Prov. Curic6;
idem, 1. c., 28, p. 34, 1924 — Huelquen, O'Higgins; PETERS, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 65, p. 315, 1923 — Lake Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro.
8 Topotypical specimens from Tierra del Fuego which we have not seen are
claimed by Oustalet (I.e.) to differ from Chilean birds by more brownish upper parts
and less rufous rump and tail. If separable, the latter would have to be called
A. spinicauda tupinieri.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 57
Range: Chile, from Valparaiso south to the Straits of Magellan,
Tierra del Fuego, and Staten Id., and western parts of the adjoining
Argentine provinces of Chubut and Rio Negro*.
20 : Chile (Melinka, Ascension Id. i ; Rio Nireguao 3 ; Mafil, Prov.
Valdivia 7; Curacautin, Prov. Malleco 4; Villa Portales 3, Rio Lolen,
Prov. Cautin i; Pilen Alto, Prov. Maule i).
*Aphrastura spinicauda fulva Angelinib. CHILOE ISLAND CREEPER.
Aphrastura fulva ANGELINI, Boll. Soc. Zool. Ital., (2) 6, p. 277, 1905 — Ancud,
Chiloe Id., Chile.
Range: Chiloe Island, Chile,
ii : Chiloe Island (Quellon n).
Aphrastura masafuerae (Philippi and Landbeck)0. MASAFUERA
ISLAND CREEPER.
Synallaxis masafuerae PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 32 (i), p. 127,
1866 — Masafuera Id.; PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 36,
pi. 13, fig. 2, 1902 — Masafuera.
Oxyurus masafuerae SCLATER, Ibis, 1871, p. 180, pi. 7, fig. 2 — Masafuera; REED,
I.e., 1874, p. 84 — Masafuera; SALVIN, I.e., 1875, p. 370, 376 — Masafuera;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 30, 1890 — Masafuera.
Aphrastura (Oxyurus) masafuerae LONNBERG in Skottsberg, The Nat. Hist, of
Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, 3, p. 4, 1921 — Masafuera.
Range : Masafuera Island off Chile.
Genus PHLEOCRYPTES Cabanis and Heine.
Phleocryptes CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 26, Aug. 1859 — type by subs,
desig. (SCLATER, 1890) Sylvia melanops VIEILLOT.
"Phleocryptes melanops melanops (Vieillot}. BLACK-FACED SPINE-
TAIL.
Sylvia melanops VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. eel., u, p. 232, 1817 —
based on Azara No. 232, Paraguay.
Synallaxis dorsomaculata LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 21, 1837 — Buenos Aires (types in Paris Museum examined);
D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 237, pi. 14, fig. i, 1839 — Barracas,
a There is no reliable record from the Falkland Islands.
b Aphrastura spinicauda fulva ANGELINI: Differs from A . s. spinicauda by having
the entire under parts, including cheeks and malar region, deep ochraceous, only the
upper throat sometimes buffy whitish. Besides, the superciliary stripe is, as a rule,
deeper ochraceous, and the back on average slightly more russet, although neither
of these characters is absolutely reliable. This strongly marked race appears to be
strictly confined to Chiloe Island. A single adult male from Ascension, one of the
Guaiteca Islands, is in every respect a typical example of the white-bellied A . s. spini-
cauda.
° This bird, autoptically unknown to the author, may be only a strongly marked
insular race of A. spinicauda.
58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
near Buenos Aires; CASsmin Gilliss, U. S. Astr. Exp., 2, p. 188, 1855 — interior
of Chile; BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Mendoza; GERMAIN,
Proc. Boston Soc. N. H., 7, p. 310, 1861 — Santiago; STERNBERG, Journ. Orn.,
17, p. 267, 1869 — Buenos Aires (nesting habits).
Oxyurus dorsomaculatus DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 82, 1839 — Maldonado;
FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., u, p. 112, 1843 — Chile.
Synallaxis melanops BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., 2, p 470, 1861 — Mendoza;
PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865 — Chile; SCLATER and
SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 140 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires.
Synallaxis (Phloeocryptes) melanops PHILIPPI, Anal. Univ. Chile, 91, for Dec.
1895, p. 669, 1896 — Chile; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 34, pi. 15,
fig. 2, 1902 — Chile (descr.).
Phleocryptes* melanops SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 98 — Lima; idem, I.e.,
1867, p. 324 — Chile; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 35 — Chuput Valley; idem, I.e.,
1877, p. 179 — Baradero, Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 396 — Chuput
Valley; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, p. 43, 1881 — Rio Colorado, Rio
Negro, Rio Neuquen; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 434 — La Plata, Prov.
Buenos Aires; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 206, 1883 — Bahia Blanca,
Prov. Buenos Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 174, 1888 —
Argentina (habits); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 33, 1890 — Maldon-
ado (Uruguay), Punta Lara, Conchitas (Buenos Aires), Chile, Lima; HOL-
LAND, Ibis, 1891, p. 16; 1892, p. 201 — Est. Espartillar, near Ranches, Buenos
Aires; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1892, p. 383 — Callao,
Peru (crit.); APLIN, Ibis, 1894, P- l82 — Uruguay; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus.
Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — San Pablo, Tucuman; SCHALOW,
Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 706, 1898 — Lake Llanquihufi, Chile (egg descr.);
IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul, 3, p. 220, 1899 — Iguap£ (Sao Paulo), Sao Lourenco
(Rio Grande do Sul) (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 4, p. 242, 1900 (nest and
eggs descr.); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Sao
Lourenco; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Malvinas and
mouth of Rio Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 —
same localities; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 66, 1906 — Buenos Aires, Chile, Brazil; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 229,
1907 (range); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 292, 1910 (range in
Argentina); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 127 — Tagana de Milan and Los Ynglases,
Aj6, Prov. Buenos Aires; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 52, 1914 — Puerto Ber-
toni, Paraguay; HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 391, 1916 — La Plata; REED, Av. Prov.
Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — Tunuyan, Mendoza; GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 408 —
Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires (habits); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist.
Nat., 24, p. 144, 1920 — Nilahue', Prov. Curic6; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2,
p. 19, 1920 — Montevideo, Canelones, San Jose", Flores, Maldonado, Rocha,
Uruguay; DAGUERRE, I.e., 2, p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires; GIA-
COMELLI, I.e., 3, p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167, 1923 —
Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires.
Phleocryptes melanops melanops HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 209,
1909 — La Plata and Barracas al Sud_(Buenos Aires), La Soledad (Entrerios);
* Variously spelled Phleocryptes, Phloeocryptes, and Phlaeocryptes.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 59
DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 167, 1918 — Isla Martin Garcia, Buenos Aires;
PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 315, 1923 — Huanuluan, Gob. Rio
Negro (crit.); MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 639, 1924 —
Prov. Buenos Aires.
Synallaxis montana PHILIPPIC Anal. Univ. Chile, 91, for Dec. 1895, p. 673,
1896 — Chile; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 33, pi. 15, fig. i,
1902 — Chile.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Sao Paulo (Iguape") and
Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco); Paraguay; Uruguay; Argentina,
from Tucuman and the Paraguayan border south to the Chubut; Chile
(provinces of Santiago, Curico, Llanquihue); littoral of Peru (Callao,
Lima, Bequeta, Dept. Lima; Trujillo, Viru, Dept. Libertad)b.
3: Brazil (Iguape", Sao Paulo i); Argentina (Barracas al Sud,
Buenos Aires 2).
*Phleocryptes melanops schoenobaenus Cabanis and Heine*. TITI-
CACA SPINE-TAIL.
Phleocryptes schoenobaenus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 26, 1859 —
8 Synallaxis montana appears to have been based on worn examples lacking the
median rectrices.
b Birds from Chile are, as far as I can see, similar to those from Argentina and
Brazil. Specimens from the Peruvian littoral (Callao, Lima, Trujillo) are also iden-
tical in coloration, but average smaller, particularly on the wing. They may possi-
bly be separable when a satisfactory series is available.
Material examined. — Brazil: Iguape^, Sao Paulo 2, Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do
Sul i. Uruguay, Montevideo 2. Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires 10, Tunuyan, Prov.
Mendoza 3, Huanuluan, Gob. del Rio Negro 13 Chile: Santiago 3, unspecified 2.
Peru: Callao i, Bequeta, Lima i, Trujillo, Libertad i.
0 Phleocryptes melanops schoenobaenus CABANIS and HEINE: Differs from P. m.
melanops by larger size, conspicuously longer bill, and deep buff to deep Isabella
color under parts, passing into tawny olive brown on sides, with very little whitish
suffusion on throat and middle of abdomen. In abraded plumage, when the tips of
the feathers are worn off, the under parts appear nearly as whitish as in the typical
race.
This little known form requires further investigation. Specimens from the type
locality, when compared with P. m. melanops, are much larger and much darker,
almost uniform deep buff underneath. Two birds from Tarapaca, Chile, agree in
length of bill; below, they are even darker, more of an isabella color, but have de-
cidedly shorter wings. A single male from Lake Junin (Ingapirca), while resembling
the topotypes in coloration, is as short winged as the Chilean examples. Finally,
a female from Vacas, Bolivia (Carnegie Museum No. 86099) is identical with the
Junin bird except for its much shorter bill whose length corresponds to the average
of typical melanops.
MEASUREMENTS
WING BILL
Four adult males from Lake Titicaca 64.5,65,67,67.5 17,17,17.5,19
One adult male from Lake Junin 61.5 16.75
Two adult males from Chintaguai, Tarapaca 59i6o 17.5
One adult female from Vacas, Bolivia 61 15
This form evidently replaces P. m. melanops in the high Andes, all of the speci-
mens having been taken at considerable elevations.
60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Lake Titicaca, Peru (type in Heine Coll. examined) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 34, 1890 — same locality.
Phleocryptes melanops (not of VIEILLOT) ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3,
p. 354, 1875 — Lake Titicaca (spec, examined); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1874, P- 526 — Lake Junin; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 116, 1884 — Junin; BERLEPSCH
and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Ingapirca, Lake Junin (spec.
examined).
Phloeocryptes melanops schoenobaenus BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 128,
1906 — Puno, Lake Titicaca (crit.).
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru (Lake Junin, Dept.
Junin; Lake Titicaca, Dept. Puno), northern Chile (Prov. Tarapacd),
and Bolivia (Vacas, Dept. Cochabamba).
2: Chile (Chintaguai, Quebrada de Quisma, Prov. Tarapaca 2).
Genus LEPTASTHENURA Reichenbach.
Leptasthenura REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 160, 1853 — type
by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 27) Synallaxis aegithaloides KITTLITZ.
*Leptasthenura aegithaloides aegithaloides (Kittliiz). TIT-LIKE SPINE-
TAIL.
Synnalaxis (sic) Aegithaloides KITTLITZ, Me"m. Ac. Sci. St. Pe'tersb., (sav.
i, livr. 2, p. 187, pi. 7, 1830 — on the hills near Valparaiso; CHROSTOWSKI,
Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 16, 1921 (type in Petrograd Museum).
Synallaxis aegithaloides DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 79, 1839 — part, central
Chile; FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., n, p. 112, 1843 — Chile; BIBRA, Denkschr.
math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5, p. 129, 1853 — near Valparaiso; PEL-
ZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, V&gel, p. 59, 1865 — Chile.
Synallaxis aegythaloides D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. meYid., Ois. p. 243, 1839 —
part, Valparaiso; GERMAIN, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 310, 1861 —
Chile (habits); PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 29 (i), p. 120, 1863 —
Chile (descr.).
Synallaxis Thelotii LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 99, 1840 — "I'Am^rique me"ridio-
nale."
Leptasthenura aegithaloides SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; SALVIN,
I.e., 1883, p. 424 — Coquimbo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 35, 1890 —
part, spec. 1-q, Coquimbo, Santiago, Chile; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 39 — part,
Hac. Mansel, Valparaiso; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 66, 1906 — part, spec, a-c, f, i-m, Coquimbo, San Alfonso,
Quillota, Chile; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 145, 1920 — Nilahue",
Curic6.
Leptasthenura aegithaloides aegithaloides HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 261, 1921 —
part, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, Quillota, Concepcion, Valdivia; BARROS, Rev.
Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 182, 1923 — Cord, de Aconcagua.
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 61
Le ptasthenura fuscescens ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 90, 1889 — "Falls
of the Rio Madeira, Bolivia, " errore, = Valparaiso, Chile (type examined);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 21, p. 175, 1914 (crit.).
Leptasthenura (Synallaxis) stenoptila PHILIPPI", Anal. Univ. Chile, 91, for Dec.
1895, p. 673, 1896 — Andes of Prov. of Santiago; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac.
Chile, Zool., 15, p. 38, pi. 18, fig. 2, 1902 — same locality.
Range: Central Chile, from Coquimbo to about 45° south-
ern latitude.
15: Chile (Romero, Coquimbo i, Glume", Valparaiso 2, Hacienda
Gualpencillo, Concepcion 5, Rio Colorado, Malleco i, Quellon, Chiloe
Isl. 2, Rio Nireguao (s. lat. 45°2o') 3, unspecified i).
*Leptasthenura aegithaloides grisescens subsp. nov.b PALE-CROWNED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis aegythaloides (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn.
Av. i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — part, Cobija; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage
Amer. merid., Ois., p. 243, 1839 — part, Cobija (spec, examined); SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 985 — Islay, Peru (spec, examined).
Leptasthenura aegithaloides SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 620 —
p^art, Cobija; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 35, 1890 — part, spec, s, t,
Islay; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 66,
1906 — part, spec, d, e, Cobija.
Leptasthenura aegithaloides aegithaloides HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 261,
1921 — part, spec, a, b, Cobija.
Range: Littoral and foothills (up to about 4,000 ft.) of northern
Chile (south to Paiguano, Prov. Coquimbo) and southern Peru
(depts. Arequipa and Moquegua).
16: Chile (Chintaguai, Quebrada de Quisma, Tarapacd i, Gatico,
Antofagasta i, Caldera, Atacama 10, Ramadilla, Copiap6 valley 2,
Domeyko, Atacama i, Paiguano, Coquimbo i).
• This supposed species appears to have been based upon an example in exceed-
ingly worn plumage.
b Leptasthenura aegithaloides grisescens subsp. nov.
Type from Gatico, Prov. Antofagasta, Chile in Field Museum of Natural
History No. 54162. Adult male, April 10, 1924. C. C. Sanborn.
Nearest to L. a. aegithaloides, but much paler throughout; crown stripes
broader and lighter, cinnamomeous rather than hazel; back grayish brown in-
stead of dark sooty brown, with the rump buffy brown rather than wood brown;
edges to wing-coverts and quills much paler cinnamon rufous; breast and
abdomen much paler grayish, with the flanks buff instead of fulvous buff.
Wing 54-62; tail 86-95; bill 8.5-9.5.
While birds from Atacama are precisely similar to those from Antofagasta and
Tarapacd, a single adult from Paiguano, Coquimbo, by the coloration of the under
parts, forms the transition to L. a. aegithaloides. Twenty specimens examined.
62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi Hartert*. BERLEPSCH'S SPINE-
TAIL.
Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 210, 1909 —
Augusto Pericheli (type), Tilcara, Jujuy; Cachi, Salta; Lara, Tucuman
(spec, examined); HELLMAYR, I.e., 28, p. 261, 1921 — La Paz, Sajama, Bolivia,
Jujuy (crit.).
Synallaxis aegythaloides (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn.
Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — part, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage
Amer. meiid., Ois. p. 243, 1839 — part, La Paz (spec, examined); PHILIPPI,
Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Antofagasta.
Leptasthenura aegithaloides SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 620 —
part, La Paz; SCLATER, I.e., 1886, p. 398 — Huasco, Tarapaca; idem, I.e.,
1891, p. 135 — Sacaya, Tarapaca; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 39 — part, Sacaya,
Tarapaca; LONNBERG, I.e., 1903, p. 450 — Moreno, Jujuy; LILLO, Apunt.
Hist. Nat., i, p. 24, 1909 — Tucuman; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 66, 1906 — part, spec, n, o, La Paz, Bolivia;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 293, 1910 — part, Moreno, Jujuy.
Leptasthenura platensis (not of REICHENBACH) BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 —
Lara, Tucuman (spec, examined).
Leptasthenura aegithaloides aegithaloides (errore) MENEGAUX, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (10) i, p. 216, 1909 — Pulacayo, Bolivia.
Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes in Bolivia (depts. of Oruro and
La Paz), Argentina (provinces of Jujuy, Salta, and Tucuman) and north-
ern Chile (provinces of Antofagasta, Tarapaca, and Tacna), at altitudes of
from 7,000 to 15,000 ft.
5: Argentina (Maimara, Jujuy i); Chile (Rio Loa, Antofagasta 2,
Ojo de San Pedro, Antofagasta i, Choquelimpie, Tacna i).
*Leptasthenura aegithaloides pallida Dabbeneb. PALLID SPINE-TAIL.
Leptasthenura aegithaloides pallida DABBENE, El Hornero, 2, p. 135, Dec. 1920 —
• Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi HARTERT: Resembles L. a. grisescens in
light crown, but is immediately recognizable by its much more buffy coloration, the
back being sandy brown, the edges to the wing-coverts and secondaries more of a
sandy rufous, the under parts (posterior to foreneck) decidedly buff, the markings
on the rectrices buffy rather than grayish, etc. Wing 60-71 ; tail 88-102 ; bill 8.5-9.5.
Bolivian birds average somewhat larger, but do not differ otherwise.
Twenty-seven specimens from Jujuy (3), Tucuman (2), Bolivia (13), and Chile (9)
examined.
b Leptasthenura aegithaloides pallida DABBENE: Most nearly related to L. a. ber-
lepschi, but much paler throughout ; the crown stripes isabella color (instead of cin-
namomeous) ; the back light ashy or grayish brown (instead of sandy brown) with
much less buffy suffusion on the rump ; the edges to the secondaries and upper wing-
coverts grayish buff rather than sandy; under parts paler, more of a grayish buff.
Wing (twenty specimens) 59-66; tail 94-107; bill 9.
Specimens from Mendoza, San Juan, Rio Negro, Huanuluan, Chubut and
Santa Cruz examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 63
Puesto Burro, Maiten, Chubut; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 261, 262, 1921
— Patagonia; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 315, 1923 — San Antonio;
Huanuluan, Bariloche, Gob. del Rio Negro; GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3,
P- 73, 1923— Rioja.
Synallaxis aegythaloides (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn.
Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — part, Patagonia; D'ORBIGNY,
Voyage Am6r. meYid., Ois., p. 243, 1839 — part, Rio Negro, Patagonia.
Synallaxis aegithaloides DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 79, 1839 — part, Patagonia;
HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 544 — Rio Negro; C. BURMEISTER, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 3, p. 317, 1890 — Rio Chico del Chubut.
Leptasthenura aegithaloides SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 548 — Rio Negro;
DURNFORD, Ibis, 1878, p. 396 — eastern Chubut; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp.
Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 43, 1881 — four leagues s. w. of Nueva Roma, Rio
Colorado, Rio Negro; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 177, 1888 —
part, Patagonia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 35, 1890 — part, spec,
g-k, Chubut, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Patagonia; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La
Plata, 6, p. 282, 1895 — Chilecito, La Rioja; GOSSE in Fitzgerald, The High-
est Andes, p. 346, 1899 — Inca to Vacas, Mendoza; MENEGAUX and HELL-
MAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 66, 1906 — part, spec, g, h, Pata-
gonia; ARRIBALZAGA, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 164, 1902 — Lago Gen-
eral Paz, Chubut; DABBENE, I.e., 18, p. 293, 1910 — part, Chubut, La Rioja,
Mendoza; SANZIN, El Hornero, I, p. 150, 1918 — Precordillera of Mendoza.
Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi (not of HARTERT) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 41, p. 327, 1919 — prov. San Juan, Mendoza, Santa Cruz.
Range : Western and southern Argentina, from La Rioja, San Juan,
San Luis, and Mendozat hrough Patagonia south to Santa Cruz, ranging
in the east as far north as Nueva Roma, in southwestern section of
Province of Buenos Aires.
2: Argentina (Huanuluan, Gob. del Rio Negro 2).
Leptasthenura platensis Reichenbach*. CRESTED SPINE-TAIL.
Leptasthenura platensis REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 160, Aug.
1853— Rio de la Plata (type examined) ; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 33, p. 1 19,
1887 — Parana, Cordoba; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 —
Rio Sali, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 52,
* Leptasthenura platensis REICHENBACH: Immediately recognizable from L. a.
aegithaloides and allies by pale cinnamon (instead of grayish) apical portion of the
lateral rectrices ; lighter alar speculum ; almost whitish edges to the outer primaries ;
heavily spotted throat; by lacking the white spots on hind neck and sides of neck;
by having only the forehead streaked with pale cinnamon, the feathers of the pileum
being plain dark smoke brown and conspicuously elongated so as to form a distinct
pointed crest. Wing 56-60; tail 91-96; bill 8-9.
Birds from Tucuman (punctigula CHAPMAN) are identical with others from Entre-
rios and Buenos Aires (Pacheco). Fifteen specimens (Cordoba 5, Entrerios 3, Prov.
Buenos Aires 2, Uruguay i, La Plata i, Rio Sali, Sarmiento, Prov. Tucuman 3)
examined.
64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
1905 — same locality; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 67, 1906 — Cordoba (crit.); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool.,
16, p. 209, 1909 — Cosquin (Cordoba), La Soledad (Entrerios), [Rio Sali,
Prov.] Tucuman, Pacheco (Buenos Aires) (spec, examined) ; DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 292, 430, 1910 — part, Cordoba, Tucuman, Santa
F£, Buenos Aires, Entrerios; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 128 — Los Ynglases, Aj6
distr., Prov. Buenos Aires; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Durazno,
Flores, Uruguay; GIACOMELLI, I.e., 3, p. 73, 1923 — Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167
— Moreno, Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. (Buenos
Aires) for 1922-23, p. 639, 1924 — Buenos Aires, Entrerios, Uruguay.
Synallaxis platensis STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba,
10, p. 401, 1890 — Cordoba.
Synallaxis albescens (errore) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 140 —
Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires.
Synallaxis aegithaloides (not of KITTLITZ) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250,
1860 — Parand and (?) Mendoza; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 469, 1861 —
same localities; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 632 — Conchitas;
HUDSON, I.e., 1870, p. 113 — Buenos Aires.
Leptasthenura aegithaloides (not of KITTLITZ) DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 180 —
Belgrano, Prov. Buenos Aires; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 6n — City of
Catamarca; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn., Cl., 8, p. 206, 1883 — Concepcion,
Entrerios (habits, nest and eggs descr.)a; GIBSON, Ibis, 1880, p. 30 — Cape
San Antonio, B. Aires; idem, 1. c., 1885, p. 280 — Paysandu, Uruguay; SCLATER
and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p .177, 1888 — part; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1890, p. 425,
426; 1892, p. 201 — Est. Espartillar, Prov. Buenos Aires; APLIN, Ibis, 1894,
p. 182 — Santa Elena, Dept. Soriano, Uruguay; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, P- 35. *890 — part, spec, a-f, Paysandu (Uruguay), Conchitas, Parana,
Cosquin (Cordoba); GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 410 — Cape San Antonio, Prov.
Buenos Aires (habits).
Leptasthenura punctigula CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 327, Sept.
1919 — Sarmiento, Prov. Tucumdn (type); Lavalle, Santiago del Estero
(type examined).
Range: Uruguay and central provinces of Argentina (Entrerios,
Buenos Aires, Santa Fe", Santiago del Estero), west to Cordoba, Cata-
marca, Rioja, and Tucumdnb.
Leptasthenura andicola peruviana Chapman0. PERUVIAN FLAMMU-
LATED SPINE-TAIL.
» See ALLEN, Auk, 6, p. 269, 1889 (crit.). Specimens examined.
b It remains to be ascertained whether the birds observed by Burmeister (I.e.)
and reported by Reed (Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 31, No. 126, 1916) to be common
in the precordillera of Mendoza pertain to L. platensis or L. aegithaloides pallida
DABBENE. So far, I have not seen the first named species from any locality farther
west than Cordoba (Cosquin) and Tucuman (Rio Sali).
0 Leptasthenura andicola peruviana CHAPMAN: Similar to L. andicola andicola, of
Ecuador, but crown much paler, light cinnamon rufous instead of dark hazel, with
the black margins much narrower; auriculars paler and hardly streaked with dusky;
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 65
Leptasthenura andicola peruviana CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 327,
Sept. 1919 — La Raya, head of Urubamba Valley, Dept. Puno, Peru (type
examined); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 82, 1921 — same locality.
Leptasthenura andicola (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 527 — Junin; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 118, 1884 — foot of Mt. Ninarupa, Junin.
Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru, in depts. of Junin
(Ninarupa) and Puno (La Raya).
*Leptasthenura andicola andicola Sclater. FLAMMULATED SPINE-TAIL.
Leptasthenura andicola SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 636, pi. 49, fig. 2 —
Panza, s. slope of Chimborazo (type), "Loxa," Ecuador (type in Brit. Mus.
examined); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 36, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Panza,
Sical, Ecuador; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 75, 1889 — Antisana,
Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 94 — Chim-
borazo, San Rafael; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
p. 19, 1899 — Chuquipoquio, Chimborazo; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 59 —
Volcan de Pichincha, Mojanda Pass (spec, examined); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 402, 1917 — Paramo de Sta. Isabel, above Cartago,
Colombia; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 68,
1922 — Pichincha, n, — 14,000 ft.
Leptasthenura andicola andicola HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 333, 1906 — part,
Andes of Ecuador.
Synallaxis flammulata (errore) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 76, 1859 — Panza.
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Ecuador and Central
Andes of Colombia (Paramo de Santa Isabel, above Cartago; Paramo
de Ruiz, Tolima)".
5: Ecuador (Pichincha 5).
Leptasthenura andicola extima Toddb. SANTA MARTA SPINE-TAIL.
Leptasthenura andicola extima TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, p. 97, 1916 — Par-
amo de "Macotama" ( = Chiruqua), Sta. Marta Mts.; TODD and CARRIKER,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 284, 1922 — Paramo de Chiruqua (crit.).
upper wing-coverts conspicuously margined with pale cinnamomeous; tertials more
broadly edged with buff. Wing (female) 74; tail 98; bill 10.5.
This bird, of which I have seen only the type, agrees with L. a, andicola in all
essential points, being apparently its southern representative. Judging from
description and measurements, the specimens from Ninarupa, mentioned by Taczan-
owski, are referable to L. a. peruviana and not to L. striata cajabambae CHAPMAN.
a Sixteen specimens, including the type, examined. A single female from Paramo
de Ruiz, Tolima, Colombia (Carnegie Museum No. 70697) agrees in all essential
points with Ecuadorian examples, except that the rufous stripes of the pileum are
slightly darker.
b Leptasthenura andicola extima TODD: Nearest to L. a. andicola, but decidedly
smaller; larger upper wing-coverts and tertials conspicuously edged with bright cin-
namon brown instead of being narrowly fringed with dull rufescent brown; basal
portion of 2nd to 7th primary extensively cinnamon rufous, forming a large alar
speculum; crown stripes somewhat lighter; dorsal streaks broader and more whitish;
66 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Leptasthenura andicola (not of SCLATER) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 —
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (spec, examined) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
!5. P- 36, 1890 — part, spec, e-j, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; ALLEN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 159, 1900 — same locality.
Leptasthenura andicola andicola HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 333, 1906 — part,
Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta.
Range: Temperate Zone of Santa Marta Mountains in northern
Colombia.
Leptasthenura andicola exterior Todd*. BOYACA SPINE-TAIL.
Leptasthenura andicola exterior TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 115, July
1919 — Lagunillas, State of Boyaca, Colombia-
Range: Temperate Zone of Eastern Andes in State of Boyaca,
Colombia.
*Leptasthenura andicola certhia (Madardsz)b. MERIDA SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis certhia MADARASZ, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., i, p. 463, 1903 — San Anto-
nio, Andes of MeYida (type in Hungarian National Museum, Budapest
examined).
Leptasthenura montivagans RILEY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 219, 1905 —
San Antonio, Andes of M&ida.
Leptasthenura andicola certhia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 333, 1906 — Andes
of MeYida (synon.).
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of western Venezuela, in
states of MeYida and Trujillo.
6: Venezuela (Milla i, Tambor i, Conejos i, Nevados i, Culata i,
Sierra Nevada i).
superciliaries narrower and more buffy; throat more spotted with black; belly much
more buffy brown. Wing 64-68 (against 68-74 m L. a. andicola); tail 93-99; bill
10-10.5.
Eight specimens from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (5) and Paramo de
Chiruqua (3) examined.
• Leptasthenura andicola exterior TODD: Agrees with L. a. extima in the bright
cinnamon brown edges to upper wing-coverts and tertials, and in the possession of
the large cinnamon rufous alar speculum, but differs at a glance by the much brighter
amber brown crown being but narrowly streaked with black; besides, the dorsal
streaks are somewhat broader, the throat more purely white and the belly less
brownish. Wing 60-67; tail 90-99; bill 9-10.
Twenty-one specimens from the type locality in the Carnegie Museum examined.
b Leptasthenura andicola certhia (MADARASZ) : Agreeing in size with L. o. extima,
but without any trace of the cinnamon rufous alar speculum; larger wing-coverts
but obsoletely fringed with dull brown; crown stripes much paler cinnamomeous ;
dorsal streaks, superciliaries, throat and chest pure white instead of buffy; abdo-
men grayish, not buffy brown. Wing 62-67; tail 90-98; bill 10-10.5.
Twenty-seven specimens from the Andes of MeYida, and five from T6ta de
Niquitao, Trujillo examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 67
*Leptasthenura striata striata (Philippi and Landbeck)*. STREAKED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synattaxis striata PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 29 (i), p. 119, 1863 —
Cordillera of Arica, "Peru" =Prov. Tacna, Chile.
Leptasthenura striata TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 121, 1884 (ex PHILIPPI and
LANDBECK).
Leptasthenura striata striata CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 18, p. 8, 9, 10, 1921 —
Iquique (Chile), Lima (Peru).
Leptasthenura aegithaloides (not of Kittlitz) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 35, 1890 — part (spec, r, Iquique, examined).
Range: Andes of northern Chile, in provinces of Tarapaca and
Tacna, and western Peru (Lima)b.
7: Chile (Chintaguai, Prov. Tarapaca 2; Putre, Prov.
Tacna 5).
*Leptasthenura striata cajabambae Chapman0. PERUVIAN STREAKED
SPINE-TAIL.
Leptasthenura striata cajabambae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 18, p. 9, Sept.
1921— Cajabamba, Peru (type in British Museum examined).
Leptasthenura pileata (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 —
Cajamarca, Cajabamba, Huamachuco, Peru (spec, examined).
Range: Temperate Zone of Peru in depts. Cajamarca (Cajamarca,
Cajabamba), Libertad (Huamachuco), Ancachs, Huanuco, and Junin.
4: Peru (La Quinua 2, Huanuco Mts. i, Cullcui, Maranon valley i).
* Leptasthenura striata striata (PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) : This distinct species,
while bearing a superficial resemblance to L. a. andicola, differs, nevertheless, very
conspicuously by lacking the broad white superciliary stripe, by much paler, light
cinnamon crown streaks (more like L. andicola certhia); sandy brown (instead of
deep sepia brown) ground color of upper parts, with the buff (instead of pure white)
dorsal stripes becoming obsolete on rump; wide sandy buff edges to wing-coverts
and remiges; bright cinnamon rufous alar speculum; buffish outer webs of lateral
rectrices; dingy grayish and almost unstreaked posterior under parts; yellow base
to lower mandible, etc. Wing 63-67; tail 91-98; bill 9.5-1 1. Ten specimens examined.
b An adult male from "Lima" (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 165870) secured by
R. H. Beck on May 30, 1913, except for its shorter wings (61.5), agrees with our, series
of topotypes. The locality "Iquique," assigned to a skin in the British Museum, is
probably inaccurate.
0 Leptasthenura striata cajabambae CHAPMAN: Differs from L. s. striata in much
deeper cinnamon rufous crown; more whitish (less buff) dorsal stripes; grayish rather
than sandy edges to upper wing-coverts and tertials; much narrower and paler cin-
namomeous band across base of quills; more abruptly defined and purer grayish
apical portion of three lateral rectrices; larger blackish spots on throat and fore-
neck; finally somewhat darker grayish abdomen. Wing (ten specimens) 61-65;
tail 96-104; bill 9-10.5.
Besides our own material, I have examined two males, one female from Huama-
chuco, two males from Cajamarca, and one from Cajabamba.
68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Leptasthenura pileata Sclater*. NATION'S SPINE-TAIL.
Leptaslhenura pileata SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 487 — West side
of Coast Cordillera above Lima, 8,000 ft. alt., Peru (type in British Museum
examined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 119, 1884 — Obrajillo and Andes of
Lima; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 36, 1890 — Andes of Lima.
Range: Western Peru, Dept. Lima (coast range above Lima; Obra-
jillo, near Canta).
Leptasthenura xenothorax Chapman*. CHAPMAN'S SPINE-TAIL.
Leptasthenura xenothorax CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 18, p. 8, 1921 — Toron-
toy, Urubamba Valley, Peru (type examined).
Leptasthenura pileata (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117,
p. 82, 1921 — Torontoy.
Range: Southern Peru in Dept. of Cuzco (Torontoy, Urubamba
region).
Leptasthenura striolata (Pelzebi)". PELZELN'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis striolata PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturwiss. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
20, No. n, p. 159, March 1856 — Curytiba, Parani (type in Vienna Museum
examined); idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 38, 1868 — Curytiba.
Leptasthenura striolata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 333, 1906 — Curytiba;
(crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 230, 1907— Curytiba.
• Leptasthenura pileata SCLATER: Not unlike L. s. cajabambae, but crown plain
cinnamon rufous, without trace of blackish stripes; margins to upper wing-coverts
and tertials sandy instead of grayish ; back slightly more brownish, though similarly
marked; breast darker grayish and more distinctly streaked with whitish; bill
slenderer, with almost the whole of the lower mandible yellow. Wing (female) 58;
tail 95 ; bill 10.
The type in the British Museum is the only specimen I have seen. It appears
to be specifically distinct from L. s. striata, which is likewise found in the Lima dis-
trict. More material is urgently desired for elucidating the relationship of L. pileata
to its allies.
b Leptasthenura xenothorax CHAPMAN: A very distinct species, like L. pileata with
plain (unstreaked) hazel rufous crown, but immediately recognizable by the broad
buffy white superciliary stripe, the exceedingly well pronounced black lateral mar-
gins of the throat feathers, and the uniform smoke gray under parts. Yellow base
to lower mandible more restricted than in L. pileata and L. striata. Wing (male) 67 ;
tail (not measurable, the elongated central pair of rectrices being missing in the
type) ; bill 9. Though known only from a single adult male, this is obviously an ex-
cellent form, most nearly related to L. pileata, as correctly stated by its describer.
0 Leptasthenura striolata (PELZELN): Crown hazel, streaked with blackish; back
much paler and duller russet brown, with numerous blackish brown longitudinal
stripes, only the rump and upper tail-coverts being unstreaked ; wing-coverts dusky,
the lesser and median series indistinctly edged with russet, the greater series with
more conspicuous brownish white margins ; remiges dusky, exteriorly edged with pale
rufescent; median rectrices entirely dark brown, the others dark brown with pale
rufous tips; the two lateral pairs almost entirely rufous, with the basal half of the
inner web only dusky brown; narrow superciliary streak buffy; cheeks and auriculars
dark brown; sides of neck pale sandy brownish, with faint dusky mottlings; under
parts pale buff, throat slightly dotted with brownish; flanks washed with light brown-
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 69
Range: Southeastern Brazil, in State of Parana (Curytiba)a.
Leptasthenura fuliginiceps fuliginiceps (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny).
CHESTNUT-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis fuliginiceps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — Sicasica, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia (types in Paris Museum
examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. me"rid., Ois., p. 242, pi. 17, fig. i,
1839 — Enquisivi (Sicasica), Valle Grande (Santa Cruz).
Leptasthenura fuliginiceps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 620 —
Enquisivi, Sicasica, Valle Grande, Tilotilo, Bolivia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 37, 1890 — part, spec, e-g, Tilotilo, Bolivia; MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 67, 1906 — Sicasica, Valle
Grande, Bolivia.
Leptasthenura fuliginiceps fuliginiceps HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 260, 1921 —
Sicasica, Valle Grande, Tilotilo, Bolivia (crit., meas.).
Leptasthenura fuliginiceps boliviana ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 91,
1889 — northern Bolivia.
Range : Andes of Bolivia, in depts. of La Paz (Tilotilo, Sicasica) and
Santa Cruz (Valle Grande).
*Leptasthenura fuliginiceps paranensis Sclaterb. SOUTHERN CHESTNUT-
CAPPED SPINE-TAIL.
Leptasthenura paranensis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., Nov. 1861, p. 377 — "in rep.
Argentina (BURMEISTER)" (the type examined in the British Museum is said
to have been obtained, in Sept. 1857, at Parana, Prov. Entrerios; locality
no doubt erroneous, we substitute Mendoza, Argentina).
Leptasthenura fuliginiceps paranensis HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16,
p. 209, 1909 — Catamarca, Quebrada Escoipe, Prov. Salta; DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 293, 1910 — prov. Tucuman, Salta, Cata-
marca, and Cordoba; "Entrerios" (ex BURMEISTER); REED, Aves Prov.
ish; axillars, under wing-coverts, and inner margin of remiges fawn color; bill horn
brown, base of lower mandible yellowish white. Wing 54; tail 90; bill 10.
This species of which I have seen only the type specimen, an adult male, taken by
J. Natterer, October 8, 1820, at Curytiba, while perhaps nearest to the L. striata
group, is quite distinct.
a The late T. Chrostowski, in one of his last letters to me, announced the re-
discovery of this long lost species in the State of Parana, not far from the type
locality.
b Leptasthenura fuliginiceps paranensis SCLATER: Similar to L. f. fuliginiceps,
but under parts much paler, buffy gray instead of fulvescent or isabella color, with
the flanks and crissum only passing into light brownish buff; back and rump duller,
less brownish.
Nine specimens (Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca 2, Norco, Tucuman 3, Mendoza i,
"Parana" 3, including the type) compared with six L. /. fuliginiceps from Bolivia,
including the types. No material from Salta seen.
70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — Blanco Encalada, Mendoza; SANZIN, El Hornero, I,
p. 150, 1918 — Chacras Coria, Mendoza; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 260,
1921 — "Parana (Entrerios)", Sierra de Totoral (Catamarca), Mendoza,
Norco (Tucuman) (crit.); GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, p. 73, 1923 — Saladillo,
Sierra de Rioja.
Synallaxis fuliginiceps (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) BURMEISTER,
Journ. Om., 8, p. 250, 1860 — "bei Parand, "errore!; idem Reise, La Plata
St., 2, p. 469, 1861 — same locality; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac.
Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 401, 1890 — Cordoba.
Leptasthenura fuliginiceps WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 61 1 — Sierra de Totoral,
Catamarca; SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Orn., i, p. 177, 1888 — Catamarca
and "Parand" (ex BURMEISTER); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 37,
1890 — part, spec, a-d, "Parana," Mendoza, Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca;
SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 17, 1897 — Tala, Salta;
BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 254, 1904 — Valle del Lerma, Salta; LILLO,
Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Tafi Viejo, San Pablo, Prov.
Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — same localities.
Range : Mountainous districts of western Argentina, in provinces of
Jujuy, Salta, Tucumdn, Catamarca, Rioja, Cordoba, and Mendoza.
i : Argentina (Mts. west of Yala, Jujuy i).
DENDROPHYLAX genus nov.a
Bathmidura (not Bathmidurus CABANIS 1847) REICHENBACH, Handb. spez.
Orn., Scansoriae, p. 163, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY 1855) Synallaxis
setaria TEMMINCK.
Dendrophylax setaria (Temminck)b. TEMMINCK'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis setaria TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 52, pi. 311, fig. 2, Nov. 1824 — "du
Bre"sil, dans la Capitainerie de Saint-Paul" = Castro, State of Parana (types
in Paris Museum examined).
a Dendrophylax genus nov.
Most nearly related to Leptasthenura, but bill much longer and slenderer, with
strongly curved culmen; rectrices (12) much narrower and less pointed; the median
pair much more elongated (exceeding the submedian one by at least twice the length
of the bill), with exposed portion abruptly attenuated (emarginate on inner web),
and rounded tip. (See sketch in Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 332). Type: Synallaxis
setaria TEMMINCK.
b Dendrophylax setaria (TEMMINCK) : Crested head blackish, each feather with a
sharply denned whitish shaft streak; back uniform bright chestnut, paler on the
rump; wing-coverts and remiges blackish brown, broadly edged exteriorly with color
of back; two lateral pairs of rectrices cinnamon rufous; the two next ones also of this
color, but with a distinct dusky margin at basal portion of inner web; the two
median ones dusky or blackish, tipped with cinnamon rufous; lores and narrow super-
ciliary stripe white; auriculars white, streaked with dusky brown; throat and fore-
neck white, freckled or irregularly spotted with blackish; breast and abdomen buff
or dingy whitish, passing into fulvous on flanks and under tail-coverts; bend of wing,
axillars and under wing-coverts white or buff; quill-lining pale cinnamon; bill black-
ish, basal half of lower mandible yellowish white. Wing (five specimens) 56-57;
median rectrix 105-118; submedian rectrix 77-85; outermost rectrix 25-27; bill
12.5-13-5.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 71
Leptasthenura setaria MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 68, 1906 — Castro, Parana (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 332,
1906 — Castro (descr.) ; IHERING and IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., I, p. 229,
1907 — Castro; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i,p. 34, 1921 —
Affonso Penna, near Curytiba, Parana; Sao Lourenco, Antonio Olyntho, s.w.
of Rio Negro, Santa Catharina (habits).
Range: Highlands of southeastern Brazil, in states of Parana
(Castro, Curytiba) and Santa Catharina (Sao Lourengo and Antonio
Olyntho, near Rio Negro).
Genus SCHIZOEACA Cabanis-.
Schizoeaca CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 21, p. 319, 1873 — type by monotypy Schizoe-
aca palpebralis CABANIS.
Schizoeacha SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 579 — emendation.
*Schizoeaca f uliginosa f uliginosa ( Lajresnaye) . WHITE-CHINNED SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis fuliginosa LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colombie"
= Bogota; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogotd; idem, I.e.,
1874, P- *6 — Bogot£ (descr.).
Schizoeaca fuliginosa SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 32, 1890 — Bogota;
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 402, 1917 — Almaguer and Santa
Isabel, central Andes; Tocaimito above Bogota, El Pinon, eastern Andes.
Range : Central and Eastern Andes of Colombia, and extreme
western Venezuela (Paramo de Tama).
9: Colombia ("Bogota" 2); Venezuela (Paramo de Tama 7).
*Schizoeaca fuliginosa peruviana Coryb. PERUVIAN WHITE-CHINNED
SPINE-TAIL.
Schizoeaca fuliginosa peruviana CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i,
P- 339i Aug. 1916 — Mountains east of Balsas, Peru.
Range: Peru (Mts. east of Balsas, Dept. Amazonas).
i : Peru (Mts. east of Balsas, the type).
a The members of this genus are very little known, and some of them may be
only subspecifically distinct.
b Schizoeaca fuliginosa peruviana CORY: The type (and only known specimen)
differs from S. f. fuliginosa by more purely gray under parts with only the lower
flanks slightly tinged with olivaceous, and by having the forehead as far back as
the middle of the eye decidedly grayish brown. Wing 61.
This form of which more material is highly desirable approaches 5. palpebralis
in the purer gray tone of the lower surface, while the grayish brown frontlet recalls
5. helleri.
72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Schizoeaca griseo-murina (Sclater)*. MOUSE-COLORED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis griseo-murina, SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 578, pi. 43, fig. 2 —
San Lucas, Ecuador.
Schizoeaca griseo-murina SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 82, 1890 — San Lucas.
(?) Synallaxis fuliginosa ?, TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885,
P- 95 — San Rafael, Ecuador.
Range: Temperate Zone of Andes of Ecuador (San Lucas; above
Zamora, Prov. of Loja).
Schizoeaca palpebralis Cabanis*. RUFOUS-CHINNED SPINE-TAIL.
Schizoeaca palpebralis CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 21, p. 319, 1873 — Maraynioc,
Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 32, 1890 — Peru; BERLEPSCH and
STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Maraynioc.
Synallaxis palpebralis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 16 — Maraynioc (descr.);
TACZANOWSKI, I.e., p. 527 — Maraynioc; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 130, 1884 —
Maraynioc.
Range: Peru (only known from Maraynioc, Dept. Junin).
Schizoeaca helleri Chapman". HELLER'S SPINE-TAIL.
Schizoeaca helleri CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 10, Aug. 1923 — Cedro-
bamba, Dept. Cuzco, Peru.
Schizoeaca palpebralis (not of CABANIS) CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.. 117,
p. 82, 1921 — Cedrobamba, above Torontoy.
Range: Peru (Cedrobamba, Torontoy, Dept. Cuzco).
• Schizoeaca griseo-murina (SCLATER) : The only example seen by me, a female
from "above Zamora, Prov. de Loja," (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 129766)
differs from 5. /. fuliginosa and S. f. peruviana by dull sepia (instead of rufous brown)
upper parts, almost blackish brown tail, the absence of the broad grayish postocular
stripe, and by possessing a conspicuous pure white rim round the eye. In opposi-
tion to Sclater's original description, there is no trace of a white chin spot. Wing
59; tail 100; bill 13.75. Additional material is urgently required.
b Schizoeaca palpebralis CABANIS: Easily distinguished from the preceding spe-
cies, which it resembles in the lack of the conspicuous grayish postocular stripe, by
much lighter (Brussels brown) upper parts, bright cinnamon brown sides of head,
much broader white eye-ring, rufous tail, and by possessing a well defined cinnamon
rufous chin spot. Wing 60-62; tail 110-116; bill 14. Three specimens from
Maraynioc examined.
8 Schizoeaca helleri CHAPMAN, to a certain extent, stands between 5. fuliginosa
and S. palpebralis. It combines the dingy smoke gray under parts, the conspicuous
grayish postocular stripe, the narrow white eye-ring and the mainly dark gray sides
of the head of S. fuliginosa with the Brussels brown upper surface and the cinnamon
rufous chin spot of S. palpebralis. The crown is duller, less rufescent than in palpe-
bralis, while the forehead is grayish brown as in peruviana. Wing 57-62; tail 93-98;
bill 13-14. Four specimens from Cedrobamba and Torontoy examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 73
Schizoeaca harterti Berlepsch*. HARTERT'S SPINE-TAIL.
Schizoeaca harterti BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 49, p. 91, 1901 — Unduavi, Bolivia
(type examined).
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Bolivia (Unduavi, Cillu-
tincara, Malaga).
*Schizoeaca coryi (Berlepsch)b. CORY'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis coryi BERLEPSCH, Auk, 5, p. 458, 1888 — Andes of Me'rida, Venezuela.
Schizoeaca coryi SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 33, 1890 — Me'rida.
Range: Andes of Me'rida, western Venezuela.
16: Venezuela (San Antonio i, Monte Zerpa i, Culata 2, Conejos 6,
Nevados 2, Escorial 4).
Genus SCHOENIOPHYLAX Ridgway.
Schoeniophylax RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type by orig.
desig. Synallaxis phryganophila VIEILLOT.
*Schoeniophylax phryganophila ( Vieillot}. WHITE-CHEEKED SPINE-TAIL.
Sylvia phryganophila VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. £d., n, p. 207,
1817 — based on Azara No. 229, Paraguay.
Synallaxis tecellata TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 52, pi. 311, fig. i, Nov. 1824 —
Sao Paulo, Brazil (type in Paris Museum examined).
Synallaxis phryganophila LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — Corrientes (spec, examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voy-
age Ame"r. me'rid., Ois., p. 239, 1839 — Corrientes; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27,
p. 193, 1859 — Bolivia and Paraguay; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 120, 1859 — Cuyaba and Rio das Flechas, Matto
Grosso (soft parts); BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Parana;
idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 469, 1861 — Parand (nesting habits); PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 — Cuyabd and Rio das Flechas; SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1874, p. 17 — Corrientes, Parana, Paraguay; Montevideo, Cuyabd
(monog.); DOERING, Period. Zool. Argent., i, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro,
Corrientes; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 611 — Punta Lara, Buenos Aires;
BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 207, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay,
a Schizoeaca harterti BERLEPSCH: Nearest to S. palpebralis, but much paler and
more olivaceous above; white rim round the eye much narrower (exactly as in
5. helleri) ; distinct superciliary streak white, passing into deep buff on posterior por-
tion; chin spot white instead of cinnamon rufous; middle of throat blackish; rest of
under parts grayish, chest and flanks tinged with light brownish. Wing 52-54;
tail 90-100; bill 13.5-14. Two specimens from Unduavi examined.
b Schizoeaca coryi (BERLEPSCH) : Immediately recognizable among its affines
by reason of the exceedingly broad, deep cinnamomeous superciliary stripe, extend-
ing to the base of the bill; large chin spot bright cinnamomeous.
74 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Entrerios (nest and eggs descr.); GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 280 — Paysandu,
Uruguay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 181, 1888 — Argentina;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 57, 1890 — Bolivia; KERR, Ibis, 1892,
p. 132 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; SALVADOR!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino,
10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Baranquera la Novia and Bahia Negra, Paraguay;
idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — Caiza, Bolivia; idem, I.e., 15, No. 378,
p. 7, 1900 — Carandasinho, Matto Grosso; KERR, Ibis, 1901, p. 226 — Para-
guayan Chaco; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 74, 1906 — Sao Paulo, Brazil and Corrientes; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz.,
i, p. 234, 1907 (range) ; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 211, 1909 —
Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires) and Mocovi (Santa F£); DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 295, 1910 — Mocovi, Barracas al Sud, Entrerios;
CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 526 — Sapucay, Paraguay (nest and eggs descr.) ; GRANT,
l.c., 1911, p. 129 — Villa Oliva, Cabo Emma and Puerto Maria (Paraguay),
Colonia Mihanovitch (Terr. Formosa, Argentina).
Schoeniophylax phryganophila HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 256, 1921 — Cor-
rientes; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Montevideo and Colonia,
Uruguay; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios;
MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 640, 1924 — Prov. Buenos
Aires.
Range: Northeastern Argentina (in provinces of Buenos Aires,
Santa Fe", Corrientes, Entrerios, Chaco, and Formosa); Uruguay; Para-
guay; southwestern Brazil (in states of Sao Paulo and Matto Grosso)
and eastern Bolivia (depts. Tarija and Santa Cruz).
4: Argentina, Prov. Santa Fe" (Ocampo 2, Mocovi i); Bolivia
(Buenavista i).
OREOPHYLAX genus nov.v
Oreophylax moreirae (Ribeiro)b. ITATIAYA SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis moreirae MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13,
p. 182, 1906 — Morro Redondo and Retiro de Ramos, Serra do Itatiaya,
• Oreophylax genus nov.
Nearly related to Synallaxis, but tail (composed of ten rectrices) very much
longer, being about twice as long as wing; the unusually broad inner web of the me-
dian rectrices abruptly attenuated subapically, and gradually narrowing to a dis-
tinct point, the entire exposed portion slightly bent inwards; bill more slender and
less decurved. Agreeing with Schoeniophylax RIDGWAY in proportion of tail, but
rectrices much broader and differently shaped; bill much more slender and longer.
In shape of tail, this striking bird reminds of Leptasthenura from which it is, how-
ever, easily distinguished by its quite differently shaped bill and by having ten
instead of twelve rectrices.
Type: Synallaxis moreirae RIBEIRO.
b Oreophylax moreirae (RIBEIRO) : Upper parts deep Saccardo's umber, darken-
ing to sepia on pileum; wing-coverts like the back, edged with rufescent brown;
quills dusky, the third and succeeding primaries edged with dull rufous brown on
basal portion of outer web; tertials narrowly margined with rufescent brown; rec-
trices dusky brown, the three lateral pairs on outer, and apical portion of inner web
tinged with dull cinnamon rufous; lores, and indistinct superciliary streak buff;
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 75
Brazil; HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 76, 1907 — Itatiaya (crit.);
IHERING, Cat. Faun. Bras., i, p. 233, 1906 — Itatiaya; LUDERWALDT, Zool.
Jahrb., (Syst.), 27, p. 351, 1909 — Campo do Itatiaya (habits).
Range: Southeastern Brazil, Province of Rio de Janeiro (Serra do
Itatiaya).
Genus SYNALLAXIS Vieillot.
Synallaxis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 24, p. 117, 1818 (generic
characters); idem, I.e., 32, p. 309, 1819 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY 1840,
p. 17) Synallaxis ruficapilla VIEILLOT.
Anabates TEMMINCK, Man. d'Orn., nouv. &d., i, p. 82, 1820 — type by monotypy
Motacilla guianensis GMELIN.
Parulus SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 85, 1824 — type by monotypy Parulus ruficeps
SPIX = Synallaxis spixi SCL\TER-\- Synallaxis frontalis PELZELN.
Barnesia BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 77, 1901 — type Synallaxis cururuvi
BERTONI=S. ruficapilla VIEILLOT.
*Synallaxis ruficapilla Vieillot. RUFOUS-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis ruficapilla VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d.f 32, p. 310,
1819 — "Bre'sil" (the type examined in the Paris Museum was obtained by
Delalande near Rio de Janeiro); idem, Galerie Ois., i (2), p. 284, pi. 174,
circa 1825 — Brazil (figure of type); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3,
p. 38, 1856 — part, "male"; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 97, 1856 — Brazil
(diag., synon.); PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 116, 1859 — Ypanema, Ytarar6, Curytiba (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras.,
i» P- 35. 1868 — same localities; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren.,
1870, p. 384, in text — Novo Friburgo, Rio; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 21,
p. 252, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; CABANIS, I.e., 22, p. 86, 1874 —
Cantagallo, Rio; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 7 — Prov. Sao Paulo (diag.);
BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 142, 1885 — Taquara, Linha
Piraja and Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 2, p. 243, 1889 (note on Wied's specimens); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 38, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 221, 1899 —
Ypiranga, Tiete", Piquete, Sao Sebastiao, Iguap6, Cachoeira, Sao Paulo;
idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, I.e., p. 242,
1900 (nest and eggs); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128,
1899 — Mundo Novo, Pedras Brancas; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 230, 1907 —
numerous localities in SS.O Paulo, Marianna (Minas Geraes), Puerto Bertoni
(Paraguay); OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 — Sapucay,
Paraguay; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19,
auriculars pale brown; under parts buff, paler in the middle of the abdomen, buffy
brown on^fianks and under tail-coverts; well defined gular patch bright ochraceous,
with a faint silky gloss ; axillars and under wing-coverts orange ochraceous, quill-
lining cinnamon buff. Bill blackish, base of lower mandible pale brownish. Wing
(three specimens) 61-62; tail 112-118; bill 13-14.
In general coloration, O. moreirae somewhat recalls Asthenes modesta (EYTON),
but is, of course, quite distinct.
76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
p. 69, 1906 (note on type); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 524 — Sapucay, Paraguay;
HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 15, p. 140, 1915 — Braco do Sul, Espirito
Santo; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 265, 1919 — Puerto Segundo, Misiones;
TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 19, 1920 — Canelones, Uruguay.
Sphenura ruficeps LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — part,
adult, "Para", errore.
Synallaxis cinereus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 685, 1831 — part, Brazil.
Synallaxis olivacens EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, p. 159, pi. 81 (S. olivascens
on plate) — "South America" (types in British Museum examined).
Synallaxis (Barnesia) cururuvi BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 77, 1901 — Alto
Parana, Paraguay.
Range : Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo
and southern Minas Geraes (Marianna) south to Rio Grande do Sul;
Uruguay, and adjacent parts of Argentina (Misiones) and Paraguay*.
i: Brazil (Ipiranga, Sao Paulo i).
Synallaxis superciliosa Cabams*. BUFF-BROWED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis superciliosa CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 31, p. no, 1883 — San Javier, near
Tucuman, Argentina (type examined); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith.,
i, p. 178, 1888 — Tucuman; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 41, 1890 —
Tucuman; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 —
San Lorenzo, Jujuy; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 —
Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Tucuman; HARTERT
and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 210, 1909 — Villa Nougues, Tucuman;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 294, 1910 — Villa Nougues.
Range: Mountains of northwestern Argentina (in provinces of
Tucuman and Jujuy) and Bolivia (Santa Ana, Prov. Valle Grande).
Synallaxis poliophrys Cabanis0. GRAY-BROWED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis poliophrys CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 14, p. 307, 1866 — Cayenne; SCLATER,
* Fifteen specimens from Espirito Santo, Rio, Sao Paulo, and Rio Grande do
Sul examined. This species apparently has only eight rectrices.
b Synallaxis superciliosa CABANIS: Nearly related to S. ruficapilla and similar
in structure, but bill much smaller; forehead (as far back as the middle of the eye)
olive brown; loral spot white; postocular stripe paler buff and less conspicuous;
cheeks and auriculars olive brown instead of sooty; under parts much whiter, with
much less brownish suffusion on the flanks; bases of throat feathers more extensively
black, etc. Wing (five specimens) 54-56; tail 86-91 ; bill 12.
A single Bolivian specimen differs from the Argentina ones by much lighter,
more cinnamon rufous crown and upper wing-coverts.
Material examined. — Argentina, Prov. Tucuman: San Javier i, Villa Nougues 2,
above San Pablo i; Bolivia, Santa Ana i.
0 We are not acquainted with this species. There are certain discrepancies be-
tween Cabanis' and Salvin's descriptions, especially with respect to the coloration of
the throat, and I should not be surprised if poliophrys (from Cayenne) and demissa
(from Roraima) proved to be different.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 77
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 39, 1890 — Roraima, Brit. Guiana; CHUBB, Birds
Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 94, 1921 — Roraima.
Synallaxis demissa SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis (5) 2, p. 449, 1884 — Roraima;
SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 420 — Roraima.
Sphenura ruficeps LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — part,
descr. "junioris" and hab. Cayenne.
(?) Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen
Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 689, 1848 — Canuku Mts.
Range: French and British Guiana (Roraima).
Synallaxis azarae azarae D'Orbigny. AZARA'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis azarae D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois., p. 246, in text, 1839 —
Bolivia11 (type in Paris Museum examined); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,
Me"m. Soc. His. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 70, 1906 — "Valle Grande," Bolivia (note
on type).
Synallaxis griseiventris ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 91, 1889 — Yungas,
Bolivia (type examined); CHAPMAN, I.e., 14, p. 215, 1901 — Inca Mine [ =Santo
Domingo], Peru; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 91, 1906 — Idma,
above Santa Ana, Peru (spec, examined),
Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.
i, in Mag. Zool., 7, el. 2, p. 24, 1837 — part, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage
Ame'r. me'rid., Ois., p. 246, 1839 — part, Carcuata (Yungas), Enquisivi (Sica-
sica), Bolivia.
Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,
p. 620 — part, Carcuata and Ramosani (Prov. Yungas), Enquisivi (Prov.
Sicasica); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, z'-c1, Ramo-
sani, Bolivia.
Synallaxis azarae azarae HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 70, 1920 —
Chuhuasi, Dept. Puno, Peru; idem, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 264, 266, 1921 — Bolivia
and Peru (crit., range); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 82, 1921 —
Idma, San Miguel Bridge, and Torontoy, Peru.
Range: Southeastern Peru (upper Urubamba and Marcapata val-
leys, Dept. Cuzco; Chuhuasi, near Macusani, Dept. Puno) and Bolivia
(Sandillani, Chaco, Songo, Cocapata, Yungas of La Paz; Incachaca,
Yungas of Cochabamba)6.
a Carcuata, Prov. Yungas, suggested as type locality. See Nov. Zool., 28, p. 264-
266, 1921, where a full discussion of the case is to be found.
b Birds from southeastern Peru (Marcapata Valley, and Idma, above Santa Ana)
are, as a rule, somewhat darker sooty gray below with less whitish admixture along
the middle line, while the rufous of the crown is rather deeper, and the tail generally
darker. In coloration of the under parts they form the transition to 5. a. infumata.
Material examined. — Bolivia: Chaco 3, Sandillani 5, Songo i, Cocapata i, Inca-
chaca 4, unspecified (the type) i. Peru: Santo Domingo, Marcapata 7, Marcapata
Valley 7, Chuhuasi 3, Idma, above Santa Ana i.
78 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Synallaxis azarae infumata Zimmer*. ZIMMER'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis azarae infumata ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 12,
p. 103, 1925 — Chinchao, Dept. Huanuco, Peru.
Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 527
— Ninabamba and Paltaypampa, Dept. Junin; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 122,
1884 — Ninabamba, Paltaypampa, Pumamarca; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
*5» P- 39. J89o — part, Peru.
Synallaxis fruticicola (not of TACZANOWSKI 1879) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1882, p. 26 — Corral, valley of Huayabamba (eggs); idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 123,
1884 — part, Chirimoto.
Synallaxis elegantior (not of SCLATER) BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1896, p. 372 — Garita del Sol, Vitoc, Dept. Junin.
Range: Eastern slope of the Andes of Peru, in depts. of Amazonas
(Molinopampa), San Martin (Valley of Huayabamba), Huanuco (Chin-
chao, Vista Alegre, Huachipa), and Junin (Garita del Sol, etc.).
6: Peru (Molinopampa i, Chinchao 3, Vista Alegre i, Huachipa i).
*Synallaxis azarae fruticicola Taczanowskib. TAMBILLO SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis fruticicola TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 670, 1880 — Tam-
billo, Prov. Chota, Peru; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 200 — Cutervo; BERLEPSCH and
TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Cayandeled, Ecuador (crit.); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 123, 1884 — part, Tambillo, Cutervo, Paucal.
Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1884, p. 298 — Cayandeled, Chaguarpata, and Cechce, Ecuador;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, spec, p, q, u, v, y, Palla-
tanga, Sical, Santa Rita, Cayandeled.
Synallaxis elegans (not of SCLATER 1856) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 141,
1859 — Pallatanga; idem, I.e., p. 192, 1859 — part, western Ecuador.
* Synallaxis azarae infumata ZIMMER: Nearest to S. a. azarae, but sooty gray
frontal band much wider; crown deeper, burn sienna rather than Sanford's brown;
back darker, less brownish; under parts darker sooty. Wing 59-63; tail 91-104;
bill I3-I3-5'
Material examined. — Peru: Molinopampa, Amazonas i; Huanuco, Chinchao 3,
Vista Alegre i, Huachipa i ; Garita del Sol, Junin i.
b Synallaxis azarae fruticicola TACZANOWSKI: Very similar to S. azarae elegantior,
but grayish frontal band decidedly narrower, and rufous of pileum generally lighter.
Wing 52-60; tail 88-98; bill 12-13.
As pointed out by F. M. Chapman, this form is exceedingly close to the race
found in the Eastern Andes of Colombia, and were it not that their respective ranges
are widely separated by the intervening 5. azarae media, I would not be disposed to
recognize it as distinct. As a matter of fact, however, only three out of thirteen
examples from southwestern Ecuador agree with a large series of elegantior, while
the rest may be distinguished by the characters mentioned above. Although topo-
typical material has not been accessible, I have no doubt they are referable to S. fru-
ticicola of TACZANOWSKI with whose description they substantially agree.
Material examined. — Ecuador: Naranjo, Prov. Guayas i, Cayandeled i, Hoyauc-
shi, Prov. Canar i, Zaruma, Prov. El Oro 3, Salvias, Zaruma-Zaraguro-Trail i,
Alamor, Prov. Loja 2, Guainche, s.e. of Alamor i, Celica, Prov. Loja 2, Loja i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 79
Synallaxis azarae elegantior (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 402, 1917 — part, Zaruma, Loja, Naranjo, Ecuador (spec, examined).
Range : Southwestern Ecuador (in provinces of Guayas, Chim-
borazo, Canar, El Oro, and Loja), and adjoining parts of northwestern
Peru (Tambillo, Cutervo, Paucal, Dept. Cajamarca)».
i: Ecuador (Hoyaucshi, Prov. Canar i).
*Synallaxis azarae media Chapman*. INTERMEDIATE SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis azarae media CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 618, 1914 —
Salento, central Andes, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 402, 1917 — Cerro Munchi-
que, Valle de las Pappas, Miraflores, Salento, Laguneta, Santa Elena, Barro
Blanco, El Eden, above Ibague, La Candela, La Palma.
Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,
p. 520 — Concordia, Retiro, Medellin, Santa Elena; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, spec, k-o, s, t, Retiro, Santa Elena, Pasto,
vicinity of Quito.
Synallaxis frontalis elegantior (not of SCLATER) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490,
1898 — Ibarra; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 59 — Gualea; MENEGAUX, Miss.
Serv. G6og. Arm£e Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B 39, 1911 — Piscopata,
Nanegal, Quito.
Synallaxis elegantior SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362,
p. 19, 1899 — Pun, La Concepcion (Valle del Chota), Lloa (Pichincha).
Range : Subtropical and Temperate Zones of the Western and Cen-
tral Andes of Colombia, and northern Ecuador, at least as far south as
Province of Pichincha0.
2: Colombia (Salento, west Quindio Andes i, La Candela, Huila i).
*Synallaxis azarae elegantior Sclater. ELEGANT SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis elegans (not of LESSON 1844) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 25, Aug
a Pacasmayo (littoral of Peru), mentioned by Taczanowski (P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,
p. 230: S. frontalis), is most certainly due to a mistake. It does not occur among the
localities in his "Ornithologie du Pirou."
b Synallaxis azarae media CHAPMAN : Closely resembling 5. a. elegantior and
S. a. fruticicola, but recognizable by the complete absence of the buff or ochraceous
postocular streak, the region behind the eye being smoke or sooty gray like the auricu-
lars; chest more washed with grayish; flanks paler, olivaceous rather than fulvous;
white loral spot less conspicuous; grayish frontal band wide, as in elegantior. Wing
56-61; tail 90-100; bill 12-13.
Specimens from the Quito region appear indistinguishable from those of Colombia
and do not show any approach to S. a. fruticicola, found in the more southern parts
of Ecuador.
Material examined. — Colombia: Salento 2, Laguneta 2, El Eden i, La Candela i,
Valle de las Pappas i. Ecuador: Quito 4.
8 Without reexamination it is impossible to ascertain whether the birds recorded
from Machay and Banos, e. Ecuador (S. frontalis TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 94) are referable to media or fruticicola.
8o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
1856 — Bogotd; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 117, note i, 1859 — Bogotd (descr. juv.).
Synallaxis elegantior SCLATER*, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 151, 1862 — part, spec.
a-c, Bogota (new name for Synallaxis elegans SCLATER preoccupied); BER-
LEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 — Bogota.
Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 8 — part,
Bogota; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, spec, a-j, Bogota.
Synallaxis frontalis elegantior HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, p. 631, 1906 — Bogotd (diag.).
Synallaxis azarae elegantior CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 402, 1917 —
Chipaque, near Bogota.
Range: Eastern Andes of Colombia, and Andes of Merida, west-
ern Venezuela.
30: Colombia ("Bogota" 3, Paramo de Tama 2); Venezuela, Andes
of M6rida (Sierra de Me"rida i, Duramos i, Nevados 2, Valle 4, Culata 6,
Escorial 7, Conejos i, Hechisera 3).
*Synallaxis frontalis frontalis Pelzelnb. PELZELN'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis frontalis PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 117, 1859 — new name for Parulus ruficeps 9 of SPIX (not Sphenura
ruficeps LICHTENSTEIN) Av. Bras., i, p. 85, pi. 86, fig. 2, 1824 — Rio Sao
Francisco, Prov. Bahia (type in Munich Museum examined); idem, Orn.
Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — Goyaz city, Cuyabd and Engenho do Gama, Matto
Grosso (spec, examined); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren.,
1870, p. 384 — part, Lagoa Santa, Sete Lagoas, and Corrego Rico, near Para-
catu, Minas Geraes; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 8 — part, Brazil and
Argentina; SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 358 — Salta; FORBES, I.e., 1881, p. 346 —
Pernambuco; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 6n — Oran (Salta) and Sierra
de Totoral (Catamarca); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 14, 1887 — Lambare,
Paraguay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 178, 1888 — part, Argentina;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, spec, c^r1, Chapada,
Goyaz, Bahia, Salta; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 131 — Fortin Donovan, R. Pilco-
mayo; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Colonia
Risso, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — San Lorenzo (Jujuy)
and (?) San Francisco (Bolivian Chaco); KERR, Ibis, 1901, p. 226 — Para-
guayan Chaco; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Tucuman;
idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Tucuman; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La
Plata, ii, p. 255, 1904 — Oran, Salta; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Santa
• An earlier name may be Synallaxis stissitura LESSON (Echo du Monde Savant,
ii, No. 13, p. 303, Aug. 15, 1844) from "Chile," but unless the type can be found,
its identity will always remain doubtful.
b It is probably safer to regard this bird as specifically distinct from S. azarae.
Apart from its shorter, less graduated tail of ten well developed rectrices, stouter
as well as shorter bill, and certain color differences, there is the possibility that the
range of its western representative (5. frontalis fuscipennis BERLEPSCH) coincides,
in part at least, with that of S. azarae azarae.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 81
Ana, Tucuman; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 231, 1907 — Avanhandava,
Sao Paulo; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68,
1910 — Barra do Rio Grande, and Fazenda da Serra, Rio Grande, Bahia;
CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 524 — Sapucay, Paraguay; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 128 —
Villa Oliva, Puerto Pinasco, Villa Franca (Paraguay), Pan de Azucar (Matto
Grosso); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 293, 1910 (range in Argen-
tina); MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 9, No. 96, p. 56, 1917 — Pocone and
Caceres, Matto Grosso; SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Mendoza;
(?) TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 19, 1920 — Montevideo and Canelones, Uruguay.
Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.,
i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 24, 1837 — part, Corrientes (spec, examined);
D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. meiid., Ois., p. 246, 1839 — part, Corrientes; GOULD
in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 79, 1839 — part, Santa F£; BURMEISTER, Syst.
Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 38, 1856 — part "female," Congonhas and Lagoa
Santa, Minas Geraes; idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Parana; idem,
Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 468, 1861 — Parana.
Synallaxis azarae (not of D'ORBIGNY) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 243,
1889 (crit.); idem, I.e., 5, p. n, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso.
Synallaxis frontalis frontalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 58, 1908 — Rio Ara-
guaya, Fazenda Esperanga, and Goyaz, Prov. Goyaz; HARTERT and VEN-
TURI, I.e., 16, p. 210, 1909 — La Soledad (Entrerios), Santa Ana (Tucuman),
San Vicente and Ocampo (Santa Fe"), Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires); DAB-
BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 307, 1912 — San Rafael, Paraguay;
REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916 — Mendoza.
Synallaxis azarae frontalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 264, 266, 1921 — Cor-
rientes (range); SERIE and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, p. 47, 1923 — Santa Elena,
Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73 — La Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167 — San
Isidro, B. Aires.
Synallaxis azarai frontalis MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. (B. Aires) for
1922-23, p. 640, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires.
Range: Central and eastern Brazil, from Maranhao, Pernambuco,
and Bahia south to western Minas Geraes and northern Sao Paulo,
west to Matto Grosso; Paraguay; northern Argentina, from Buenos
Aires, Cordoba, and Mendoza north to Tucuman and Saltaa; (?) Uru-
guay.
17: Brazil (Grajahu, Maranhao 3, Barra da Corda, Maranhao 3,
Macaco Secco, near Andarahy, Bahia 5, Sao Marcello, Rio Preto,
a While birds from eastern Argentina (Entrerios, Santa Fe") and Paraguay are
obviously inseparable from a Brazilian series, those from Tucuman, by broader
grayish frontal band and duller, less extensive rufous edging to the quills, form the
transition to the Bolivian S. frontalis fuscipennis.
Material examined. — Brazil, Bahia: Rio Sao Francisco (the type) i, Macaco
Secco 5, Sao Marcello i, Bahia trade skins 7. Minas Geraes: Rio Jordao, near Ara-
guary i. Goyaz: Goyaz City 6, Rio Araguaya 2. Matto Grosso: Cuyaba i, Chapada
2. Paraguay: Sapucay i, Bernalcue', near Asunci6n 2, Concepcion i. Argentina:
Ocampo, Santa F6 3, La Soledad, Entrerios i; Prov. Tucuman, Santa Ana 2, Sar-
miento i, Medinas i.
82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Bahia i, Chapada, Matto Grosso 2); Argentina (Ocampo, Santa Fe i,
Sarmiento, Tucuman i, Medinas, Tucuman i).
*Synallaxis frontalis juae Cory*. CEARA SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis frontalis juae CORY, Auk, 36, p. 274, 1919 — Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara.
Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Ceard and Piauhy.
9: Brazil, Ceara (Jua, near Iguatu 2, Serra Baturite" 2, Varzea For-
mosa 2, Vargem Formosa i), Piauhy (Ibiapaba 2).
Synallaxis frontalis fuscipennis Berlepsch*. DUSKY-QUILLED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis fuscipennis BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, p. 362, 1907 — Samaipata, Dept.
Santa Cruz, Bolivia (type examined).
Synallaxis azarae fuscipennis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 265, 266 (diag.,
range).
(?) Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame'r. mend..
Ois., p. 246, 1839 — part, Chaluani, Prov. Mizque.
Range: Eastern Bolivia, in Dept. of Santa Cruz (Samaipata,
Valle Grande, Olgin).
Synallaxis moesta moesta Sclater. SCLATER'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis moesta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 26, June 1856 — Bogota; idem,
I.e., 27, p. 193, 1859 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 8 — part, Colombia (diag.);
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 41, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Bogota.
Synallaxis moesta moesta CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 403, 1917 —
Buenavista and Villavicencio, base of eastern Andes, Colombia.
Range: Eastern Colombia (Buenavista and Villavicencio; not un-
common in "Bogota"-collections)°.
* Synallaxis frontalis juae CORY : Very close to S. f. frontalis, but pileum and wings
of a clearer, brighter cinnamon rufous; flanks more buffy brown; back more or less
suffused with fulvous.
Additional material received since writing the preceding lines shows this form to
be inseparable from 5. /. frontalis.
b Synallaxis frontalis fuscipennis BERLEPSCH: Similar to 5. /. frontalis in pro-
portions, and shape of bill, but frontal band wider and more purely gray, back duller,
less brownish; inner web of median rectrix dusky brown; quills on basal half only
edged with dull rufous brown. Wing 57-65; tail 81-86; bill 11-12.
Material examined. — Bolivia: Valle Grande i, Olgin i, Samaipata 2.
0 Known to us only from Bogota skins. An adult male said to be from San Nico-
las, western Ecuador, recorded by GOODFELLOW (Ibis, 1902, p. 60) as Synallaxis
pudica (!), differs by darker, more sooty gray under parts. We suspect that the
birds from Mindo and Nono, Ecuador, listed as Synallaxis brunneicaudalis by
LONNBERG and RENDAHL (Arkiv Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 68, 1922), belong to the
same form which may prove to be separable.
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY -HELLMAYR. 83
Synallaxis moesta obscura Chapman*. LA MORELIA SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis moesta obscura CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 620, 1914 —
La Morelia, Rio Bodoquera, Caquetd, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 403,
1917 — same locality.
(?) Synallaxis moesta (not of SCLATER 1856) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 41, 1890 — part, spec, c, Sarayacu, Ecuador; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 19, 1899 — Gualaquiza and Rio Zamora,
Ecuador.
Range: Southeastern Colombia (Rio Bodoquera, Caquetd) and
( ?) eastern Ecuador.
Synallaxis brunneicaudalis Sclaterb. RUFOUS-WINGED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis brunneicaudalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 62, 1858 — Rio Napo,
Ecuador (type lost, formerly in Lafresnaye collection).
Synallaxis brunneicaudis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 457, 1858 — Zamora;
idem, I.e., 27, p. 192, 1859 — eastern Ecuador.
Synallaxis brunneicauda SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 8 — part, Rio Napo;
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 41, 1890 — part, spec, a, Zamora.
Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo region).
*Synallaxis cabanisi cabanisi Berlepsch and Leverkuhn". CABANIS'S
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis cabanisi BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, p. 21, 1890 — "Peru
coll. Tschudi," we suggest Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin (type examined).
a Synallaxis moesta obscura CHAPMAN: "Similar to S. m. moesta, but darker
throughout, the upper parts browner, the white streakings of the throat more re-
stricted, the remainder of the under parts nearly one color, the breast of the same
olivaceous shade as the sides and flanks instead of being grayer, the abdomen with
little or no grayish." (Chapman, I.e.) . We are not acquainted with this form. Speci-
mens from eastern Ecuador should be carefully studied.
b Owing to the disappearance of the type, considerable uncertainty exists as to
the proper application of the name. While originally described as having the whole
pileum (down to the bill) rufous, P. M. Chapman identifies as S. brunneicaudalis
a bird with olive brown forehead and considers it to be specifically distinct from
S. cabanisi, of Peru. Not having seen any material from eastern Ecuador, I am
unable to add anything to our scanty knowledge of these birds, though it appears
to me very unlikely that two dusky fronted species, 5. brunneicaudalis of Chapman,
and S. moesta (or subspecies), as recorded by Sclater and Salvadori, should occur
side by side in eastern Ecuador.
0 Birds from Chanchamayo agree perfectly with the type. A single adult male
from Yahuarmayo, Sierra of Carabaya, Dept. Puno, differs by smaller size, rather
darker rufous pileum and wings, darker, less rufescent back, paler (more whitish
gray) edges to throat feathers, more grayish middle of abdomen and more oliva-
ceous (less rufescent) tinge on breast and flanks.
Peruvian specimens correspond well to the original description of 5. brunnei-
caudalis, but F. M. Chapman holds they are specifically different from the Ecua-
dorian form which I have not seen.
Wing of adult males: 70, 71 (Chanchamayo), 64 (Yahuramayo) ; tail 76, 78, 68.
84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Synattaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 283,
1844 — Peru; idem, Faun. Peru., Aves., p. 239, 1846 — east side of Peruvian
Andes.
Synattaxis brunneicauda (not of SCLATER 1858?) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 8 — part, descr. and hab. "vie. of Tarma" = Amable Maria, Peru; TACZAN-
OWSKI, I.e., p. 527 — Amable Maria; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 124, 1884 — Amable
Maria.
Synallaxis brunneicauda cabanisi BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1896, p. 372 — La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 115,
1906 — Huaynapata, Marcapata, Peru.
Synallaxis brunneicaudalis brunneicaudalis HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A,
Heft 10, p. 69, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno (crit.).
Synallaxis cabanisi cabanisi CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Nov., 123, p. 7, 1923 —
Tulumayo (Junin), La Pampa (Puno).
Range: Tropical Zone of Peru, in depts. Loreto (Moyobamba),
Junin (Chanchamayo, La Merced, Tulumayo, Amable Maria), Cuzco
(Huaynapata, Marcapata), and Puno (Yahuarmayo, La Pampa).
i: Peru (Moyobamba i).
Synallaxis cabanisi fulviventris Chapman*: YUNGAS SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis cabanisi fulviventris CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 123, p. 7, 1923 —
Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia (type examined).
Range: Tropical Zone of northern Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio
Chapare, Yungas of Cochabamba) .
Synallaxis cabanisi macconnelli Chubb*. RORAIMA SPINE-TAIL.
Synattaxis macconnelli CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 78, 1919 — Mount
Roraima, British Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 95, 1921 — Roraima.
Synallaxis brunneicauda (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — Roraima;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 41, 1890 — part, spec, b-j, Roraima.
a Synallaxis cabanisi fulviventris CHAPMAN : Differs from S. c. cabanisi by smaller
size, whiter throat, and much paler under parts, the breast and sides being tawny
olive, the middle of the abdomen cinnamon buff instead of grayish. Wing (one male)
61; tail 64; bill 15.
b Synallaxis cabanisi macconnelli CHUBB : Closely similar to S. c. cabanisi,
from Chanchamayo, Peru, but wings decidedly shorter; throat more blackish, with
the pale edges much reduced; under parts darker, more of a sooty brownish; inner
secondaries mostly blackish brown, only the basal half of the outer web being mar-
gined with dull rufescent brown. Wing (three specimens) 62-63; tail 73-75; bill
I4-5-I5-5-
Whatever S. brunneicaudalis, of Ecuador may be, there can be no question that
the birds from British Guiana constitute but a poorly marked race of the Peruvian
5. cabanisi.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 85
Synallaxis brunneicaudalis macconnelli HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft
10, p. 70 (in text), 1920 — Roraima (crit.).
Range: British Guiana (Roraima Mts.).
*Synallaxis spixi spixi Sclater. SPIX'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis spixi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 98, Aug. 1856 — Brazil; idem,
I.e., 27, p. 192, 1859 — Prov. Sao Paulo; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 117, 1859 — Ypanema and Sao Luiz d'Almeida,
Sao Paulo (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — same localities;
REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 383 (occurrence in
western Minas Geraes denied); BURMEISTER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 636 —
vicinity of Buenos Aires; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1869, p. 632 — Conchitas,
near Buenos Aires; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 9 — Brazil and Buenos Aires (diag.);
BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 143, 1885 — Taquara, Rio
Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 179, 1888 — Argen-
tina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 42, 1890 — part, spec, a-g, Brazil,
Paysandu and Maldonaldo (Uruguay), Conchitas and La Concha (Buenos
Aires)a; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Mundo
Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 221, 1899 — Rio Grande, Cachoeira, Pira-
cicaba, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo and Novo Friburgo,
Prov. Rio; idem, I.e., p. 243, 1900 (egg descr.); OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz.,
i, p. 230, 1907 — Ypiranga, Estacao Rio Grande, Alto da Serra, Ubatuba,
Campos de Jordao, Itarare", Iguap6, Cachoeira (Est. Sao Paulo), Vargem
Alegre and Marianna (Minas Geraes); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 525 — Sapucay,
Paraguay; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 211, 1909 — Barracas al
Sud and Punta Lara, Prov. Buenos Aires (crit.); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac.
B. Aires, 18, p. 294, 1910 — Alto Parana, Barracas al Sud; BERTONI, Faun.
Parag., p. 52, 1914— Alto Parana; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 167, 1918 —
Isla de Martin Garcia, Buenos Aires; TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 19, 1920 —
Uruguay; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 47, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios;
PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — San Isidro, Buenos Aires.
Parulus ruficeps (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1823) SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 85, pi. 86,
fig. i, 1824 — part, "male."
Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 79,
J839 — part, Maldonado; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 611 — Monte Grande,
Buenos Aires.
Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3,
p. 39, 1856 — part, "male," Novo Friburgo, Rio; EULER, Journ. Orn., 16,
p. 186, 1868 — Cantagallo (nest and egg descr.); DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 180
— Las Conchas, Prov. Buenos Aires (spec, now in Brit. Museum); idem, I.e.,
1878, p. 61 (nest and eggs descr.); EULER, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 61, 1900
(nest descr.).
Synallaxis furvicaudatus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 76, 1901 — Alto Parana,
Paraguay.
a The specimens from "Bolivia (Bridges)" are more likely to belong to S. spixi
hypospodia SCLATER.
86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Synattaxis spixi notius OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 60, 1902 —
Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires (type examined); MARELLI, Mem. Minist.
Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 640, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Minas Geraes (Mari-
anna) and Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul; Uruguay; Paraguay;
northeastern Argentina (provinces of Buenos Aires and Entrerios8).
2: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Victoria 2).
Synallaxis spixi hypospodia Sclaterb. CINEREOUS-BREASTED SPINE-TAIL.
Synattaxis hypospodia SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 10 — Bahia; idem, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 44, 1890 — Bahia; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis,
13, p. 92, 1906 — Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley, Peru (spec, examined);
IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 231, 1907 — Bahia; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17,
p. 317, 1910 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira; CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
117, p. 83, 1921 — Santa Ana.
Synattaxis sp. HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 364, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira
(crit.).
Range: Brazil, in states of Bahia, Ceard, and Amazonas (Humay-
tha, Rio Madeira), and eastern Peru (Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley).
Synallaxis subpudica Sclater. SILVERY-THROATED SPINE-TAIL.
Synattaxis subpudica SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 10 — Bogota; idem, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 45, 1890 — Bogotd; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1899, P- 306 — Ambalema; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14,
No. 362, p. 19, 1899 — Gualaquiza and Rio Zamora, Ecuador; CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 404, 1917 — Bogotd Savanna.
• I cannot discern any constant difference, either in size or color, between speci-
nens from Brazil, and Buenos Aires (notius OBERHOLSER). The type of the latter,
a bird in very worn condition, agrees in grayness of back and almost complete ab-
sence of brownish suffusion on flanks, with Brazilian examples in corresponding plu-
mage. Freshly molted individuals from Buenos Aires and Brazil are much browner
above and on the flanks. A single adult male from Paraguay (furvicaudatus BER-
TONI) does not differ in coloration, but has longer wings (58 against 50-54) than
any other specimen.
Material examined. — Brazil: Rio 5, Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao, Victoria, Ypan-
ema, Sao Luiz d' Almeida) 7, Santa Catharina 3, Rio Grande do Sul 2; Paraguay,
Sapucay i ; Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires, Conchitas 2, Barracas al Sud 2.
b Synattaxis spixi hypospodia SCLATER: Differs from 5. spixi spixi merely by
somewhat stouter bill and by having the forehead brownish gray, more or less con-
trasted with the rufous crown.
From S. a. albescens, of southern Brazil, it is readily distinguished by its much
larger (thicker) bill, uniform dusky brown tail (without trace of rufescent or russet
brown edges), conspicuous blackish throat patch, much darker gray breast, etc.
Six Bahia trade skins measure: Wing 54-57; tail 74-79; bill 12.5-13. A single
male from Santa Ana, Peru, and a female from Humaytha, Rio Madeira have some-
what shorter tails (70 mm.), and the last named, besides, has the throat blacker
than any other specimen seen by me.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 87
Range : Eastern Andes of Colombia (Savanna of Bogota) and Ecu-
ador (Gualaquiza, Zamoraa).
*Synallaxis albescens albescens Temminck. WHITE-THROATED SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis albescens TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 38, pi. 227, fig. 2, Sept. 1823 —
South Brazil, coll. Natterer (we designate Cimeterio do Lambari, near Soro-
caba, Prov. Sao Paulo, as type locality) ; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 118, 1859 — part, Cimeterio [do Lambari], Itarare"
(Sao Paulo), Caicara and Poruti (Matto Grosso), Araguay; HUDSON, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1870, p. 1 13 — Buenos Aires; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, P- 9 — part, southern
and central Brazil, Buenos Aires; FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 346 — Pernambuco;
WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 611 — San Javier, Misiones; BARROWS, Bull.
Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 207, 1883 — Concepcion, Entrerios (breeding habits);
SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 179, 1888 — Argentina (habits); BER-
LEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, p. 19, 1890 — Monte Alegre, w. Minas
Geraes (char.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 43, 1890 — part, spec, j-o,
Lagoa Santa (Brazil), Buenos Aires, Belgrano, La Plata, Mendoza; HOLLAND,
Ibis, 1895, p. 216 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,
8, p. 190, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 —
Tucuman; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 231, 1907 — Batataes, Sao Jos6 do
Rio Pardo, Bauni, Itarar<§, Jaboticabal, Est. do Sao Paulo; CHUBB, Ibis,
1910, p. 525 — Sapucay, Paraguay; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Alagoinhas (Bahia), Petrolina, Rio Sao Fran-
cisco (Pernambuco), S. Antonio de Gilboez and Santa Philomena (Piauhy)
(spec, examined); SANZIN, El Hornero, I, p. 150, 1918 — La Paz, Mendoza;
BERTONI, I.e., p. 256, 1919 — Puerto Bertoni; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 47,
*923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja;
PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem.
Minist. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 640, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires.
Synallaxis albescens albescens HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., ig, p. 59 ,1908 — Faz.
Esperanca, Goyaz; HARTERT and VENTURI, I.e., 16, p. 211, 1909 — La Soledad
(Entrerios) and Mocovi (Chaco) ; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires,
18, p. 294, 1910 — Cordoba, Tucuman, Chaco, Barracas; HUSSEY, Auk, 33,
p. 391, 1916 — Las Talas, La Plata; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916—
Mendoza.
Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist.
Foren., 1870, p. 384 — part, juv., Lagoa Santa.
Range: Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, and Pernambuco south to
western Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa; Agua Suja, near Bagagem) and
northern Sao Paulo, west to Matto Grosso; Paraguay; northern Argen-
• This very distinct species, immediately recognizable by its extremely long,
narrow rectrices, is known to me only from the Temperate Zone in the vicinity of
Bogota. Stone's record from Ambalema, Magdalena Valley, is perhaps question-
able while the Bolivian bird, mentioned by Sclater, most certainly belongs to some
other species. Specimens from Ecuador require comparison with topotypical
material.
88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
tina (in provinces of Misiones, Entrerios, Buenos Aires, Santa Fe",
Mendoza, La Rioja, and Tucuman)6.
4: Brazil, Maranhao (Tury-assii 2, Cod6 i), Piauhy (Ibiapaba i).
*Synallaxis albescens albigularis Sclater. NORTHERN WHITE-THROATED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis albigularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 63, 1858 — Rio Napo,
e. Ecuador; idem, I.e., p. 456 — Zamora, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 27, p. 192, 1859
— Rio Napo; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1866, p. 183 — Nauta and Upper
Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 167 — Caracas; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 252 —
Plain of Valencia, Venezuela; idem, I.e., p. 598 — Cosnipata, Peru; idem, I.e.,
*&73> P- 269 — Nauta and Ucayali, Peru; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Geoldi, 8,
p. 322, 1914 — Maraj6, Mexiana, Arumanduba, Brazil.
Synallaxis occipitalis MADARAsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., i, p. 463, 1903 —
Valleand Escorial, near Me"rida, Venezuela (types examined).
Synallaxis albigularis josephinae CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 60, 1919 —
Mount Roraima, Brit. Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 96, 1921 —
numerous localities in British Guiana.
Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 —
part, Forte do Rio Branco (spec, examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 9 — part, Bogota, Ecuador, Venezuela, "Trinidad," Guiana, Peru; TACZAN-
OWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 25 — Yurimaguas, Peru; idem, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 125, 1884
— Ucayali, Yurimaguas, Peru; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 306, 1884 —
Bucaramanga; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — Merum£ Mts. and Roraima;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 43, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, i, 1-f1, Bogota,
Zamora, Puerto Cabello, Caracas, "Trinidad," Roraima, Merume1 Mts.
"Para," Nauta, Pebas, Iquitos, Sarayacu; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
12, p. 177, 1898 — Palomina; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 177, 1904 —
Mahury, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 522, 1906 — Maraj6
and Mexiana; HAGMANN, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 26, p. 33, 1907 — Mexiana.
Synallaxis albescens albigularis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 59,
1902 — Caicara and Altagracia (Orinoco), Suapure, (Caura), Venezuela; HELL-
MAYR, I.e., 14, p. 52, 1907 — Teflfe, Rio Solimoes; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15,
p. 144, 1908 — Cayenne, Roche-Marie, Approuague, French Guiana; HELL-
MAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 120, 1912 —
Mexiana; HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 95, 1912 —
Puerto Cabello; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 203, 1913 — Jocopita
a Birds from Argentina (Entrerios and Santa F£) are identical with those from
Sao Paulo, Minas Geraes, and Matto Grosso. Specimens from northeastern Brazil
(Bahia, Pernambuco, Piauhy, Maranhao) approach S. a. albigularis by having the
chest more washed with grayish, though in other respects they resemble typical
albescens.
No material from the western provinces of Argentina is available.
Material examined. — Brazil, Sao Paulo: Cimeterio do Lambari 3, Itarare' i.
Minas Geraes: Agua Suja, near Bagagem 3. Matto Grosso: Poruti i. Bahia: Ala-
goinhas i. Pernambuco: Petrolina 2. Piauhy: S. Antonio de Gilboez i, Santa Philo-
mena i. Maranhao: Tury-assu 2, Cod6 i. Paraguay: Villa Rica 2. Argentina: La
Soledad, Entrerios 2, Mocovi, Santa F6 2.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 89
(Manimo River) and Cano Corosal, Orinoco Delta; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl.
Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 257, 1916 — Orinoco Valley from Las Barrancas up to
the mouth of the Apure River (nesting habits) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 403, 1917 — part, Calamar, Puerto Berrio, Fusugasuga, Quetame,
Villavicencio, Colombia; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62,
p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 286, 1922 — Chirua, San Miguel, La Concepcion, San
Antonio, Fundaci6n, Pueblo Viejo, Heights of Chirua, Santa Marta district.
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; Venezuela (Orinoco-
Caura basin; Caracas region; provinces of Aragua, Merida, and Tach-
ira; heavily forested region s.w. of Lake Maracaibo); northern Brazil,
south to the north bank of the Amazon; eastern Colombia (Santa
Marta district, Magdalena Valley, Santander, Bogotd, Villavicencio) ;
eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru.
43: British Guiana (Georgetown i); Brazil (Itacoatiard, Rio Ama-
zon 3, Serra da Lua, near Boa Vista, Rio Branco i) ; Venezuela (Culata,
MeYida i, Maracay, Aragua 13, Caracas 5, Colon, Tachira 3, Cata-
tumbo River, Zulia 3, Encontrados, Zulia 8); Colombia (Bogotd 2,
Villavicencio i); Peru (Moyobamba 2)*.
*Synallaxis albescens nesiotis Clarkb. CLARK'S WHITE-THROATED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis albescens nesiotis CLARK, Auk, 19, p. 264, 1902 — El Valle, Margar-
ita Isl.; LOWE, Ibis, 1907, p. 561 — Margarita Isl.; CORY, Field Mus. N. H.
Pub., Orn. Ser., I, p. 247, 1909 — Margarita Isl.
Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 153, 1866 —
Trinidad.
Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6,
p. 48, 1894 — Princestown, Trinidad; ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 18, p. 674, 1896 — Margarita Isl.; PHELPS, Auk, 14, p. 365, 1897 —
Cumanacoa, San Antonio, and Caripe', Bermudez; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl.
Inst., Sci. Bull., i, p. 192, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad.
Synallaxis albescens albigularis (not of SCLATER) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 28,
1906 — Caparo, Laventille, Trinidad; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,
I> P- 365, 1908 — Aripo, Carenage, Trinidad.
11 Birds from the Guianas and adjoining parts of Brazil (josephinae) appear to
be inseparable from albigularis, as represented by a large series from Colombia and
Venezuela, although they average slightly smaller and more brownish above. I have
no material from Ecuador (the type locality), but skins from Moyobamba agree
with the Venezuelan ones.
b Synallaxis albescens nesiotis CLARK: Exceedingly close to S. a. albigularis,
but very slightly smaller; crown patch slightly, wing-coverts decidedly paler, more
of an ochraceous tawny; back apparently more grayish.
The characters of this rather unsatisfactory race require confirmation by better
material, all of the Margarita specimens being in worn plumage. Birds from the
vicinity of Cumana are obviously referable to nesiotis to which eleven skins from
Trinidad, although somewhat divergent towards albigularis, seem also to belong.
po FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range: Northeastern Venezuela, in State of Bermudez (hinterland
of Cumana); Margarita Island; Trinidad.
9: Venezuela (Cumana i, Margarita Isl. 8).
*Synallaxis albescens perpallida Todd*. TODD'S WHITE-THROATED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis albescens perpallida TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, p. 97, 1916 —
Rio Hacha, Goajira, Colombia; idem and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 287, 1922 — Rio Hacha.
Range: Arid districts of northeastern Colombia (Goajira Penin-
sula) and northwestern Venezuela (Maracaibo, Rio Aurare, northern
Zulia).
4: Venezuela (Maracaibo i, Rio Aurare 2, Empelado Savanna i).
*Synallaxis albescens hypoleuca Ridgway. WHITE-BELLIED SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis albescens hypoleuca RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73, 1909 —
Nata, Code", eastern Panama; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 195,
1911 — Nata, CodS, Panama.
Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 143 —
Santa Fe de Veragua; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 9 — part, Veragua; SCLATER and
SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 521 — MedelHn, Colombia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
JSi P- 43i l89° — part. sPec- a> e'h» Veragua, Medellin; SALVIN and GODMAN,
Biol. Centr. Americ., Aves, 2, p. 147, 1891 — part, Veragua and Medellin.
Synallaxis albescens albigularis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 403,
1917 — part, La Frijolera, Caldas, Call, La Manuelita, Guengue, Rio Frio,
Cauca Valley, Colombia.
Range: Panama (Frances, Chiriqui; Santa Fe" de Veragua; Nata,
Code") and western Colombia (Cauca Valley and Caldas basin) b.
6: Panama (Frances 2, Chiriqui 2); Colombia (Cali 2).
" Synallaxis albescens perpallida TODD: Closely similar to S. a. albigularis, but
somewhat smaller; under parts paler, chest but slightly shaded with grayish, middle
of abdomen more extensively white. Wing 54-58; tail 75-8o.
Our spedmens from northern Zulia are identical with the typical series from
the Goajira Peninsula.
b Although I have not seen the type, I have little doubt our birds from Cali and
Chiriqui are referable to S. a. hypoleuca RIDGWAY. They are very similar to 5. a. per-
pallida, but decidedly more brownish above, with a rufescent tinge on the rump,
while the rufous patch on the wings is more extensive, involving also the outer
edges of the greater coverts. The skins from Chiriqui have the breast more strongly
washed with grayish, thereby approaching 5. a. latitabunda, of Costa Rica. The
latter, however, has the crown and wing patch of a very much deeper rufous, and
the flanks much darker brown.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 91
*Synallaxis albescens latitabunda Bangs. COSTA RICAN GRAY-
BREASTED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis albescens latitabunda BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 298, 1907 — Boruca (type),
Paso Real, and Barranca, s.w. Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
6, p. 634, 1910 — Buenos Aires and Boruca, s.w. Costa Rica; RIDGWAY,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 194, 1911 — part, s.w. Costa Rica.
Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa
Rica, p. 38, 1893 — Terraba and Buenos Aires.
Range: Southwestern Costa Rica, north to the Terraba Valley.
2: Costa Rica (Boruca i, Terraba i).
*Synallaxis brachyura brachyura Lafresnaye. GRAY-THROATED SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis brachyurus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colombie" =
Bogotd (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge examined; =juv.);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota; SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, p. 322
(crit. on type).
Synallaxis pudica SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 191, 1859 — Bogotd; idem, I.e.,
1874, p. 10 — part, Bogotd; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 521 — Remedies;
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 45, 1890 — part, spec, s-y, Remedies, Bogotd.
Synallaxis pudica pudica CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3^, p. 404, 1917 —
near San Agustin, Andalucia, Fusugasugd, Anolaima, La Frijolera.
Synallaxis brachyurus brachyurus BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
63, p- 25, 1919 (note on type).
Range: Eastern Colombia, in Magdalena Valley, extending west-
ward into Antioquia (Remedies; La Frijolera, Rio Nechi).
3: Colombia (Bogota 3).
Synallaxis brachyura caucae Chapman*. CAUCA VALLEY SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis pudica caucae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 622, 1914 —
La Manuelita, near Palmira, Cauca; idem, I.e., 36, p. 404, 1917 — La Man-
uelita, Miraflores, Cali, and Guengue, Cauca Valley.
Range: Cauca Valley, Colombia.
*Synallaxis brachyura nigrifumosa Lawrence. SOOTY SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis nigrifumosa LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 181, 1867 —
Greytown, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 9, p. 105, 1868 — "Payna" = Pacuar6, Costa
Rica; SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, p. no (crit.).
'•Synallaxis brachyura caucae CHAPMAN: Nearest to 5. b. brachyura, but crown
paler, cinnamon rufous rather than chestnut hazel; back mouse gray without any
olivaceous wash; rump and upper tail-coverts paler grayish olive.
Two specimens from the type locality examined.
92 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VL. XIII.
Synallaxis pudica (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P-
part, (?) Chiriqui, Costa Rica; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 45, 1890 —
part, spec, a-f, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, (?) Chiriqui; SALVIN and GODMAN,
Biol. Centr. Americ., Aves, 2, p. 149, pi. 44, fig. 2, 1891 — part, Nicaragua to (?)
Chiriqui; RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 496, 1893 — Rio Escon-
dido, Nicaragua (habits, descr. nest); BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Boruca
and Pozo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica (juv- descr.) ; PERRY, Field Mus. N. H.
Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann.
Carnegei Mus., 6, p. 635, 1910 — Costa Rica (crit., habits, nest and eggs).
Synallaxis pudica nigrifumosa RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 192,
1911 — southern Honduras to Costa Rica and (?) western Panama (monog.).
Synallaxis brachyurus nigrofumosus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 12,
1923 — part, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
Range: Southern Honduras (Rio Segovia), Nicaragua, and Costa
Rica; (?) western Panama (Chiriqui).
8 : Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 3) ; Costa Rica (Siquir-
res i, Guayabo 2, Buenos Aires 2).
*Synallaxis brachyura chapman! Bangs and Penard*. CHAPMAN'S
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis brachyurus chapmani BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
63, p- 25, 1919 — Jimenez, Colombia (type examined).
Synallaxis brachyurus griseonuchus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 12,
Aug. 1923 — Santa Rosa, Prov. El Oro, Ecuador.
Synallaxis pudica (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 88 —
Nanegal; idem, I.e., p. 278 — Babahoyo; idem, I.e., p. 294 — Esmeraldas; idem,
I.e., 1874, p. 10 — part, Panama and Ecuador; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI,
I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1884, p. 298 — Cayandeled; idem, I.e.,
1885, p. 94 — Yaguachi; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 45, 1890 — part,
spec, j-s, Lion Hill, Panama; Balzar, Santa Rita, San Lucas, Nanegal, Baba-
hoyo, Guayaquil; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Chimbo, Paramba;
SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 19, 1899 —
" Synallaxis brachyura chapmani BANGS and PENARD: Very similar to 5. b. nigri-
fumosa, but back decidedly duller and less brownish; under parts on average paler
gray.
This is a very unsatisfactory race, a good many specimens being hardly dis-
tinguishable from those of Central America. I cannot agree with F. M. Chapman
in uniting the Colombian birds (chapmani) with nigrifumosa and separating, at the
same time, those from Ecuador as a different form. Examples from the latter coun-
try, at least those from Esmeraldas and Santo Domingo de los Corpnados, appear to
me identical with a series from the Rio Dagua. It is, however, possible that the term
griseonuchus may ultimately have to be restricted to the birds of southwestern Ecua-
dor (from Prov. Guayas southward) which are very pale, particularly below.
Material examined. — Panama: Loma del Leon 4. Colombia: Sipi i, Pueblo Rico
i, Jimenez 3, San Jose' 2, Rio Dagua 5. Ecuador: Prov. Esmeraldas 10, Santo Domingo
de los Coronados 5, Gualea i, Chimbo 4. S. b. nigrifumosa: twenty-four specimens
from Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 93
Rio Peripa; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 26, 1900 — Loma del Leon,
Panama; HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1148 — Sipi and Pueblo Rico,
Colombia; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. Ge"og. Mes. Arc M6rid. Equat., 9, p. B 40,
1911 — Santo Domingo, Gualea; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14,
No. 25, p. 69, 1922 — below Nono and n.w. side of Pichincha.
Synallaxis brunneicaudalis (not of SCLATER) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
N. Y., 7, p. 319, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama.
Synallaxis fuliginosa (not of LAFRESNAYE) GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 —
Santo Domingo and Gualea (spec, examined).
Synallaxis pudica pudica RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 191,
1911 — part, eastern Panama, and Ecuador.
Synallaxis pudica nigrifumosa (not of LAWRENCE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 404, 1917 — Alto Bonito, Dabeiba, Iguamiando, Bagado, Choc6,
Noanamd, N6vita, San Jose, Los Cisneros, Barbacoas, and Ricaurte, Col-
ombia.
Range: Eastern Panama (from the Canal Zone southward), and
Pacific slopes of Colombia and Ecuador, down to Province El Oro.
16: Colombia (San Jose" 2, Rio Dagua 3) ; Ecuador (Santo Domingo
de los Coronados 3; Prov. Esmeraldas, San Javier 2, Carondelet i,
Paramba i, Cayapas i; Chimbo 3).
*Synallaxis gujanensis gujanensis (Gmelin). GUIANAN SPINE-TAIL.
Motacilla gujanensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), p. 988, 1789 — based on "Le
Rouge-queue, de Cayenne" DAUBENTON, PI. enl. 686, fig. 2.
Sphenura cinnamomea (not Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN) LICHTENSTEIN, Verz.
Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — Cayenne.
Anabates ruficaudus TEMMINCK, Nouv. Rec. PI. col., Tabl. me'th., p. 66, Jan.
1839 — based on DAUBENTON, PI. enl., 686, fig. 2.
Synallaxis guianensis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 27, 1859 — Cayenne;
LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 — Para; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- n —
part, Cayenne, Surinam, Pard, Rio Negro; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 —
Bartica Grove; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 46, 1890 — part, spec.
n-h, Bartica Grove, Surinam, Cayenne, Para; RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8,
p. 26, 1891 — Santarem; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 —
Saint Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54
P- 523, 1906 — San Antonio do Prata, Castanhal, Ourem (Rio Guama); idem,
I.e., 56, p. 529, 1908 — Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, p. 322, 1914 — part, Para, Castanhal, Quati-Puru, S. Antonio do Prata,
Rio Guama (Ourem), Rio Tocantins (I. PaeLourenco, Pirunum, Arumatheua),
Rio Tapaj6z (Pimental), Arumanduba, Monte Alegre, Rio Jamunda (Faro) ;
CHUBB, Birds, Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 97, 1921 — Bartica, Supenaam River.
Synallaxis gujanensis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 59, 1902 —
La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela; BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 144, 1908 — Cayenne,
Roche-Marie, and Approuague, French Guiana.
94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Synallaxis gujanensis gujanensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 13, 1907 —
Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z; (?) idem, I.e., p. 52 — TeS6, Rio Solimoes; idem,
Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Para,
S. Antonio, Castanhal, Ourem; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
p. 260, 1916 — Las Barrancas (Orinoco R.), La Union and La Pricion (Caura
R.), Venezuela; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65,
1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam.
Synallaxis guianensis guianensis BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, I, p. 133, 1907 —
Bartica Grove.
Synallaxis inornata (not of PELZELN 1856) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 —
part, Rio Negro.
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; Venezuela (Orinoco-
Caura basin); northern Brazil, south of the Amazon from Maranhao
to the Tapaj6z, north of that river as far west as Manaos*.
5: British Guiana (Mazaruni River 2); Brazil, Maranhao (Sao
Bento 2, Tury-assii i).
Synallaxis gujanensis columbianus CJiapmanb. COLOMBIAN SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis gujanensis columbianus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 620,
1914 — Buena Vista, above Villavicencio, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 405,
1917 — Buena Vista and Villavicencio, Colombia.
Synallaxis guianensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. u —
part, Bogota; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 46, 1890 — part, spec, j, k,
Bogota.
Range: Eastern base of the Eastern Andes in Colombia (Villavi-
cencio and Buena Vista; also found in native "Bogota" collections).
*Synallaxis gujanensis huallagae Cory. PERUVIAN SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis gujanensis huallagae CORY, Auk, 36, p. 274, 1919 — Lagunas, lower
Huallaga, Peru.
a Specimens from northern Brazil (Maranhao, Pard, Rio Tapaj6z) appear to be
inseparable from the Guianan ones, although the majority are more buffy, less
brownish beneath, with more white along the middle line. The status of the birds
found on the Rio Solimoes (Teff6) remains doubtful, and more satisfactory material
may show them to belong to S. g. huallagae.
Material examined. — French Guiana 10, British Guiana 3, La Pricion, Caura R.,
Venezuela 3. Brazil: Maranhao 3, Para 2, Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z 2, Teff£, Rio Soli-
moes 2.
b Synallaxis gujanensis columbianus CHAPMAN: Similar to S. g. gujanensis, but
much whiter beneath, the chest very faintly tinged with grayish, and the flanks
grayish olive instead of tawny olive. Wing 61 ; tail 77; bill 13.5.
Material examined. — Colombia: Villavicencio 2, "Bogota" 3.
0 Synallaxis gujanensis huallagae CORY: Nearest to 5. g. inornata, but upper
parts much darker, less rufescent; lower surface dingy smoke brownish instead of
bright rusty buff, with the flanks more olivaceous. Wing 62-65; tail 69-71; bill
I3-5-I5-
Material examined. — Peru: Lagunas i (the type), Nauta i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 95
Range: Eastern Peru (Lagunas, lower Huallaga; Nauta, Rio
Marafion)a.
i: Peru (Lagunas i).
Synallaxis gujanensis canipileus Chapman*. GRAY-CAPPED SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis gujanensis canipileus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. n, 1923 —
Rio Tavara, Peru.
Range: Southeastern Peru, north slope of Sierra of Carabaya (Rio
Tavara).
Synallaxis gujanensis inornata Pelzeln0. Rio MADEIRA SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis inornata PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
20, p. 161, 1856 — Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira (type examined); idem, I.e.,
34, p. 120, 1859 — part, Borba, Salto do Girao; idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 36,
1868 — part, Borba and Salto do Girao.
Synallaxis guianensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- n —
part, spec, i, "Rio Negro" (spec, examined"1); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56,
p. 13, 1908 — Monte Verde and Bom Lugar, Rio Purus (spec, examined);
idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 322, 1914 — part, Rio Purus.
Synallaxis albilora (not of PELZELN) IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 435, 1905 —
Rio Jurua (spec, examined); idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 231, 1907 — part,
Rivers Punis and Jurua.
Synallaxis gujanensis inornata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 364, 1907 — Humay-
tha, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 317, 1910 — Calama, Allianca, Rio Madeira
(crit., range).
" An earlier name may be Anabates pulvericolor SCLATER (P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
p. 62, 1858 — Rio Napo). Unfortunately the type, formerly in the Lafresnaye collec-
tion has disappeared, and no material from Ecuador is available.
b Synallaxis gujanensis canipileus CHAPMAN: "Most nearly related to S. g. huall-
agae, but crown deep mouse gray instead of dull mummy brown ; the back somewhat
browner than the crown and passing gradually into Saccardo's umber on the rump;
tail and wings slightly paler; under parts decidedly grayer." (Chapman, I.e.).
We are not acquainted with this race.
0 Synallaxis gujanensis inornata PELZELN : Closely similar to 5. g. gujanensis,
but upper parts, especially pileum, of a warmer, more rufescent brown tinge; cheeks
and auriculars more buffy brownish; under parts much brighter rusty buff, some-
times almost clay color, hardly paler along middle line; rufous of wings and tail on
average deeper. Wing 60-65; tail 64-75; bill 14-15.
This form, by the coloration of the under parts, connects the northern races with
S. g. albilora, of Matto Grosso, and S. g. certhiola TODD, of Bolivia. Some specimens
approach them also by having the upper tail-coverts margined with rufous.
Material examined. — Rio Madeira: Borba 3, Salto do Girao i, Humaytha i, Cal-
ama 2, Allianca i; Rio Purus, Monte Verde i, Bom Lugar i; Rio Jurud i.
d The locality of this specimen which has no original label is unquestionably erron-
eous. It is one of Natterer's skins received from the Vienna Museum and much more
likely to have been obtained on the Rio Madeira, since it agrees perfectly with other
individuals from this region.
96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range : Western Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Madeira
to the Jurua.
Synallaxis gujanensis certhiola Todd*. BOLIVIAN SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis certhiola TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, p. 97, 1916 — Santa Cruz
de la Sierra, Bolivia (type examined).
Synallaxis albilora (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- " — part,
Bolivia; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 47, 1890 — part, spec, b, Bolivia.
Range: Eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Potrerito, Pal-
marito, Rio San Julian, Chiquitos).
Synallaxis gujanensis albilora PELZELNb. WHITE-LORED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis albilora PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
20, p. 160, 1856 — Cuyabd, Matto Grosso (type examined); idem, I.e., 34,
p. 1 20, 1859 — Cuyabd, Engenho do Gama, and Villa Maria [ = San Luiz de
Caceres], Matto Grosso (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 37, 1868 — same
localities; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. n — part, Cuyaba, Matto Grosso;
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 47, 1890 — part, spec, a, Cuyabd; SALVADORI,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Colonia Risso, Paraguay
(spec, examined); idem, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 7, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso
(spec, examined); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 231, 1907 — part, Matto
Grosso and Paraguay; MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 9, p. 56, 1917 —
Pocone", Matto Grosso.
Synallaxis gujanensis inornata (not of PELZELN) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 33, p. 621 (in text), 1914 — Urucum and San Lorenzo River, Matto
Grosso (spec, examined); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 93, 1920 — Matto
Grosso.
a Synallaxis gujanensis certhiola TODD : Nearest to S. g. inornata, but anterior
portion of crown decidedly grayish (more like 5. g. gujanensis} ; back paler and more
olivaceous (less rufescent) brown; wings and tail lighter rufous; cheeks and auricu-
lars more grayish (like gujanensis) ; under parts conspicuously paler, cinnamon buff
rather than clay color, with the middle of the belly buffy white, and the flanks more
fulvous; axillars and under wing-coverts lighter orange ochraceous. Wing 59-62;
tail 67-70; bill 14.
Material examined. — Bolivia : Santa Cruz de la Sierra i , Potrerito i , Palmarito,
Rio San Julian, Chiquitos 3.
b Synallaxis gujanensis albilora PELZELN: Nearest to 5. g. certhiola, but breast
and sides much more deeply colored, orange ochraceous instead of cinnamon buff;
tertials and upper tail-coverts bright cinnamon rufous; back fulvous brown, more
or less suffused with cinnamon rufous; hind crown more brownish; cheeks and auricu-
lars buffy rather than grayish; sides of neck ochraceous instead of grayish, etc.
Wing 62-66; tail 78-83; bill 13-15.
An adult bird from Paraguay (Colonia Risso, Rio Apa) is identical with those
from Cuyabd and Urucum, while a single female from Engenho do Gama (Rio
Guapor6) closely approaches S. g. certhiola.
Material examined. — Brazil: Cuyabd 5, Urucum 4, San Lorenzo River i, En-
genho do Gama i. Paraguay. Colonia Risso, Rio Apa i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 97
Range: Central Brazil, in State of Matto Grosso (Cuyabd, Uru-
cum, San Lorenzo River, Pocone, San Luis de Caceres, Engenho do
Gama) and northern Paraguay (Colonia Risso, Rio Apa) .
Synallaxis gujanensis simoni Hellmayr*. SIMON'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis simoni HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 54, 1907 — Rio Araguaya,
State of Goyaz, Brazil; idem, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 59, 1908 — Rio Araguaya.
Range : Central Brazil, State of Goyaz (Leopoldina, Rio Araguaya) .
Synallaxis tithys Taczanowskib. TACZANOWSKI'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis tithys TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877, p. 323 — Lechugal, Prov.
Tumbez, Peru; idem, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 129, 1884 — Tumbez and Lechugal
(Peru), Rio Zurumilla, Prov. El Oro (Ecuador).
Range: Northwestern Peru (Lechugal, Prov. Tumbez) and
southwestern Ecuador (Rio Zurumilla, Prov. El Oro; Salado, near
Guayaquil, Prov. Guayas).
*Synallaxis cinerascens Temminck. GRAY-BELLIED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis cinerascens TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 38, pi. 227, fig. 3, Sept.
1823 — "Bresil, coll. Natterer," = Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo; PELZELN, Sit-
zungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 118, 1859 — Curytiba,
Parana, and Ypanema, Sao Paulo (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 36,
1868 — same localities; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. n — Brazil; CABANIS,
Journ. Orn., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; BERLEPSCH and
IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 143, 1885 — Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio
Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 48, 1890 — Rio Grande do
Sul, Sao Paulo; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 —
Mundo Novo and Sao Lourenco; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 15?, 1900 —
Cantagallo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 231, 1907 — Bauru (Sao Paulo),
Ourinho (Parana), Puerto Bertoni (Paraguay); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 525 —
Sapucay, Paraguay; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 295, 1910 —
Puerto Bertoni.
a Synallaxis gujanensis simoni HELLMAYR: Agreeing with 5. g. albilora in bright
cinnamon rufous tertials and upper tail-coverts, but easily recognizable by having
the entire back uniform cinnamon rufous; the under parts mostly white, the fore-
neck and sides only washed with buff; the pileum much more brownish (about raw
umber); the axillars and under wing-coverts much paler ochraceous buff. Wing
(one adult female, the type) 61 ; tail 73; bill 14.
b Synallaxis tithys TACZANOWSKI: A very distinct species, not dissimilar to 5. cin-
erascens, but easily recognizable by dull slate gray (instead of warm olive brown)
pileum and upper back; ochraceous buff (instead of chestnut rufous) upper wing-
coverts; sooty black (instead of dark chestnut rufous) tail; creamy white axillars,
under wing-coverts, and quill lining; yellow (not blackish) legs and feet; somewhat
slenderer bill. Wing (one male) 56; tail 62; bill 12.5.
The characters are taken from an adult male, obtained by G. von Buchwaldt at
Salado, near Guayaquil, on August 14, 1903, in collection of Tring Museum, England.
98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Sinattaxis cinerascens BERTONI, Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. — [author's sep. p. 6] —
Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande
do Sul, and Paraguay (Sapucay, Puerto Bertoni).
i: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Victoria i).
Synallaxis maranonica Taczanowski*. MARANON SPINE-TAIL.
Synattaxis maranonica TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 230 — Guajango,
Rio Maranon; idem, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 130, 1884 — Guajango; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 48, 1890 (ex TACZANOWSKI); BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35,
p. 453, 1918 — Bellavista, Maranon.
Range: Northern Peru, on the upper Maranon (Bellavista, Gua-
jango).
Synallaxis propinqua Pelzelnb. WHITE-BELLIED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis propinqua PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 101, 121, 1859 — Rio Madeira, below the junction of the Rio Mahissy,
Brazil (type examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 37, 1868 — Rio Madeira;
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- I2 — Ri° Madeira and eastern Peru; idem,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 48, 1890 — Iquitos and Ucayali, (Peru), Rio Napo
(Ecuador); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 126, 1884 — Iquitos, Peru; IHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 435, 1905 — Rio Jurua; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., I,
p. 232, 1907 — Rio Jurua; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 317, 1910 — Rio
Madeira, below the mouth of the Rio Mahissy (crit.) ; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 322, 1914 — "Alto Amazonas."
Synallaxis terricolor SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 183 — Rio
Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Upper and Lower Ucayali, Peru.
Range: Upper Amazonia, from western Brazil (Rio Madeira) to
eastern Peru (Ucayali, Iquitos) ; ( ?) eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo) .
Synallaxis stictothorax stictothorax Sclater. SPOTTED-BREASTED SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis stictothorax SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 191, 1859 — Guayaquil,
* Synallaxis maranonica TACZANOWSKI: Somewhat similar to S. cinerascens in
brown (though lighter and less rufescent) dorsal surface, deep hazel wings, chestnut
rufous tail, and mouse gray under parts; but easily distinguishable by much longer
bill and wings, and by lacking the conspicuous white supra loral streak and black
throat patch. From 5. propinqua it may be recognized by heavier, shorter bill, absence
of black gular patch, darker under parts (mouse gray, instead of pale grayish, largely
white along abdominal line) and much darker as well as more extensive rufous on
wings. Wing 60-65; tail 65-71 ; bill 14.
Material examined. — Peru: Bellavista, Rio Maranon 4.
b Synallaxis propinqua PELZELN: Not unlike 5. cinerascens in general coloration
and markings of throat; but bill much longer and slenderer, with pale yellow man-
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 99
Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. i — Guayaquil and Puna Island,
Ecuador; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Guayaquil;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 49, 1890 — Guayaquil and Puna Island;
SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 20, 1899 —
Guayaquil.
Synallaxis stictothorax stictothorax CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 257,
1919 — Bahia de Caraque (Manavi), Guayaquil and Daule (Guayas), Puna
Isl., Machala (El Oro).
Range: Western Ecuador, from the coast of Manavi (Caraque
Bay) south to Machala, Prov. El Oro.
Synallaxis stictothorax maculata Lawrence*. PERUVIAN SPOTTED-
BREASTED SPINE-TAJL.
Synallaxis maculata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 10, p. 186, 1874 —
Prov. Tumbez, Peru.
Synallaxis stictothorax piurae CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 257, 1919 —
Chilaco, near Samate on the Rio Chira, Prov. Piura.
Synallaxis stictothorax (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877
p. 323 — Tumbez; idem, I.e., p. 751 — Santa Lucia, Tumbez (egg descr.); idem,
I.e., 1879, p. 231 — Pacasmayo; idem, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 126 — Guadalupa, Pacas-
mayo, Santa Lucia, Tumbez; BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1910 —
Bellavista and Perico, Maranon R.
Range: Northern Peru, in depts. of Tumbez, Piura, Lambayeque,
Libertad (Guadalupa, Pacasmayo), and Cajamarca (upper Maranon
River).
*Synallaxis scutata scutata Sclater. CINNAMON-BACKED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis scutata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 191, 1859 — Brazil (the type
examined in British Museum is from Bahia); idem, I.e., 1874, p. 13, pi. 2,
fig. 2 (fig. of type); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 49, 1890 — Bahia and
Chapada, Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 112, 1893 — Chapada,
Matto Grosso; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., I, p. 232, 1907 — Bahia, Matto
dible; under parts much paler gray, with center of belly extensively white; rufous
wing area much lighter and chiefly restricted to lesser and median coverts; tail
much lighter rufous, etc. Wing 58; bill 15.
Material examined. — Brazil: Rio Madeira i (the type). Peru: Iquitos 2.
• Synallaxis stictothorax maculata LAWRENCE: Similar to 5. s. stictothorax, but
back more ruf escent brown ; cinnamon rufous area at base of remiges more extensive ;
tail almost wholly rufous, only the median pair of rectrices being washed with dusky
on terminal portion of inner web.
Compared with four topotypical stictothorax from Guayaquil, a single specimen
from Tumbez (maculata) appears to be decidedly referable to the southern form
separated by P. M. Chapman as piurae, although the dusky terminal patch on the
central rectrix is slightly more extended than in one from Pacasmayo.
Birds from the Maranon we have not seen, but from geographical reasons they
would be expected to belong to maculata rather than to the Ecuadorian stictothorax
ioo FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Grosso; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69,
1910 — Parnagua, Piauhy (spec, examined).
Synallaxis scutata neglecta CORY, Auk, 36, p. 275, 1919 — Jua, near Iguatti, Ceara.
Synallaxis wheiti [sic] (not S. whitei SCLATER) IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
p. 232, 1907 — part, Avanhandava, Sao Paulo (spec, examined).
Synallaxis scutata scutata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 59, 60, 1908 — Rio The-
souras, Rio Araguaya, Paz. Esperanga, Goyaz (crit., range).
Range: Eastern and central Brazil, in states of Maranhao, Piauhy,
Ceara, and Bahia, south to western Minas Geraes (Agua Suja, near
Bagagem) and northern Sao Paulo (Sao Jeronymo, Avanhandava, Rio
Tiete"), west through southern Goyaz to eastern Matto Grosso (Cha-
pada; Utiarity, near Sal to Bello, Rio Papagaio)8.
9: Brazil, Ceara (Jua, near Iguatu 4, Vargem Formosa i), Piauhy
(Arara 2, Deserto i), Maranhao (Barra da Corda i).
*Synallaxis scutata whitii Sclaterb. WHITE'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis whitii SCLATER, Ibis (4) 5, p. 600, pi. 17, fig. 2, 1881 — Oran, Prov.
Salta, Argentina; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 611 — Oran; SCLATER and
a Birds from eastern Brazil (Bahia, Ceara, Piauhy) and Goyaz have the whole
back like the upper wing-coverts, tertials, and tail bright cinnamon rufous, abruptly
contrasted with the pale brown or grayish brown pileum. The intensity of colora-
tion on the underparts and sides of head is extremely variable individually. Ceara
examples appear to me inseparable, although two or three are paler below than any
other bird examined in the present connection.
Specimens from the interior of Brazil form the transition to the western race
5. s. whitei. The variation is well illustrated by a series from eastern Matto Grosso
(Chapada) in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New
York. Two individuals are indistinguishable from Bahia skins; three have the fea-
thers of the back slightly margined with brown; in two others the upper parts are
mainly brown, though there is a distinct cinnamon rufous suffusion in the middle
of the back, and finally one male (No. 33754 A.M.N.H.) differs from whitei only
by lighter rufous wings and tail, and by having the lateral interscapulars washed
with rufous. A male from Sao Paulo (Sao Jeronymo) and two adults from Minas
Geraes (Agua Suja) are closely similar to the last named variety.
Material examined. — Bahia: Bahia 2, trade skins 2 ; Piauhy 4; Ceara 12 ; Goyaz 3 ;
Minas Geraes, Agua Suja, near Bagagem 2; Matto Grosso, Chapada 10, Utiarity,
near Salto Bello i; Sao Paulo, SSo Jeronymo, Tiete" i.
b Synallaxis scutata whitii SCLATER: Differs from 5. 5. scutata by having the
back down to the tail-coverts plain olive brown, without any rufous suffusion; the
wings and tail decidedly deeper rufous; the tertials mainly olive brown, but nar-
rowly edged with rufescent along outer web ; the under parts and sides of head some-
what deeper ochraceous.
Four specimens from Urucum, in western Matto Grosso I cannot separate from
the Jujuy series, while birds from eastern Matto Grosso (Chapada) are decidedly
referable to S. s. scutata.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
Four males from Jujuy (Ledesma) 58.5,60,60,60.5 71-74 "-5-13
Three males from Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 60,60,61 68-73 12-13
Three males from Matto Grosso (Urucum) 58,58,60 63,64,68 12-13
Two females from Jujuy (Ledesma) 57,57-5 69,70 12
One female from Matto Grosso (Urucum) 55 63 12
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 101
HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 181, 1888 — Oran; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 50, 1890 — Oran; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 291, 1895 — Cata-
marca; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — San
Lorenzo, Jujuy; idem, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 7, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso
(spec, examined).
Synallaxis ivheiti (sic) IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 232, 1907 — part, Matto
Grosso, Argentina, Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
Synallaxis scutata whitii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 60, 1908 — Urucum
s.w. Matto Grosso; S. Lorenzo and Ledesma, Jujuy; Oran, Salta (diag.);
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 294, 1910 — Jujuy, Salta, "Mocovi,
Chaco," Catamarca.
Range: Western Argentina, in provinces of Jujuy (San Lorenzo,
Ledesma), Salta (Oran), and Catamarca; eastern Bolivia (Dept. Santa
Cruz), and southwestern Matto Grosso (Urucum, near Corumba).
i: Argentina, Jujuy (Ledesma i).
*Synallaxis unirufa unirufa Lafresnaye. RUFOUS SPINE-TAIL.
Synnalaxis (sic) unirufus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool. 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colombie"
= Bogota; BONAPARTE, Atti Sesta Riun. Scienz. Ital. Milano, p. 404, 1845 —
Bogota.
Synallaxis unirufus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota.
Synallaxis unirufa SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 194, 1859 — Colombia; idem,
I.e., 1874, p. 14 — Bogota and Antioquia; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879,
p. 521 — Antioquia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 52, 1890 — Colombia;
SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 20, 1899 —
Pun, Ecuador; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
!9» P- 73. 1906 — Bogota; HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1148 — Tatama
Mt., western Andes of Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p-4O5,
1917 — San Antonio, west of Popayan, and Cocal (western Andes), Fusugas-
uga, El Roble, and El Pifion (eastern Andes).
Range: Andes of Colombia (except Santa Marta Range), Ecuador
(Pun), and northern Peru (Guayabamba, Dept. Amazonas)a.
2: Colombia (Coast range west of Popayan i, El Roble, above
Fusugasuga i).
*Synallaxis unirufa meridana Hartert and Goodson*. MERIDA RUFOUS
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis unirufa meridana HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 498,
Dec. 1917 — Escorial (type) and El Valle, Andes of Merida, Venezuela.
8 Birds from the western Andes of Colombia have, as a rule, slightly larger bills,
while two skins from Pun (Ecuador) and Peru (Guayabamba) deviate from Bogota
and East Andean specimens by rather clearer rufous coloration.
b Synallaxis unirufa meridana HARTERT and GOODSON: Like 5. u. unirufa with
ten rectrices; but tail longer; coloration much lighter, hazel rather than chestnut
102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Synallaxis castanea (not of SCLATER 1856) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1870, p. 781 — Forest of Sierra Nevada of Me"rida (spec, examined); SCLATER,
I.e., 1874, p. 15 — part, M6rida; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 53, 1890 —
part, spec, e, M&ida.
Range: Andes of western Venezuela (Sierra of MeYida), west to
the Colombian line (Paramo de Tama).
4: Venezuela (Nevados, Andes of Me"rida i) ; Colombia (Paramo de
Tama 3).
*Synallaxis unirufa castanea Sclater*. BLACK-THROATED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis castanea SCLATER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 17, p. 466, 1856 —
vicinity of Caracas, Venezuela (types in Paris Museum examined); idem,
P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 193, 1859 — Venezuela; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1868,
p. 627 — Caracas; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, P- X5 — part, diag. and hab., Caracas;
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 53, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, f, Caracas, Ven-
ezuela; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 73,
1906 — Caracas (crit.).
Range : Coast Mountains of northern Venezuela (Silla de Caracas ;
Galipan, Cerro del Avila) .
2: Venezuela (Silla de Caracas 2).
Synallaxis fusco-rufa Sclater*. SANTA MARTA SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis fusco-rufa SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 578, pi. 43, fig. i — San
Sebastian, Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (type in British Museum exam-
ined; =juv.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 53, 1890 — San Sebastian;
BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 177, 1898 — San Miguel; idem, Proc.
New Engl. Zool. Cl., i, p. 79, 1899 — San Sebastian and El Mamon; ALLEN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 159, 1900 — Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta;
rufous and with suggestion of a dark throat patch by the black bases of the feathers
showing through. Wing 60-65; tail 90-106; bill 14.
This interesting form — although erroneously described as being darker — by its
much clearer rufous coloration, suggestion of black throat patch and longer tail
closely approaches S. u. castanea, but may be distinguished by slightly darker upper
parts, ten (instead of eight) rectrices, and by lacking the large black gular patch.
Material examined. — Venezuela, Andes of MeYida: Nevados i, Escorial i, El
Valle i. Colombia: Paramo de Tama 3.
* Synallaxis unirufa castanea SCLATER : Similar to 5. unirufa meridana in size
and clear hazel or cinnamon rufous coloration, but upper parts somewhat lighter;
throat occupied by a large well denned black patch; tail composed of eight (instead
of ten) rectrices. Wing 58-63; tail 93-106; bill 13-15.
While eight is the normal number, I find two individuals with ten rectrices
among the series of seventy-four skins examined in the present connection.
b Synallaxis fusco-rufa SCLATER: Nearly allied to the S. unirufa group, but
back olive gray, abruptly contrasted with the deep cinnamon rufous of pileum, nape,
sides of head, and wings ; lores white, tipped with dusky ; tertials olive brown, edged
with cinnamon rufous; throat and breast as in S. u. meridana, but abdomen much
paler, about clay color, shaded with brownish laterally; tail composed of ten rec-
trices.
Four specimens examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 103
TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 288, 1922 — Chirua, Maco-
tama, San Lorenzo, Pueblo Viejo, Cerro de Caracas, Macotama, Paramo de
Mamarongo, San Miguel, Heights of Chirua.
Range: Subtropical Zone of Santa Marta Mountains, northern
Colombia.
Synallaxis cinnamomea cinnamomea Lafresnaye*. CINNAMOMEOUS
SPINE -TAIL.
Syn[nalaxis] cinnamomeus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colom-
bie" = Bogotd; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota.
Synallaxis laemosticta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 192, 1859 — new name for
Synnalaxis cinnamomeus LAFRESNAYEb; idem, I.e., 1874, P- 15 — Bogota;
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 54, 1890 — Bogotd.
Synallaxis terrestris laemosticta HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 97, 1912 — Bogotd (diag.).
Range: Eastern Colombia (only known from native "Bogotd"-
collections) .
Synallaxis cinnamomea bolivari Hartert0. BOLIVAR'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis terrestris bolivari HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 37, p. 31, 1917 —
Silla de Caracas (type) and Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela.
Synallaxis striatipectus (not of CHAPMAN) ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 174, 1901 — San Julian, near La Guaira.
Synallaxis terrestris striatipectus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, p. 96, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo (crit.).
Range: Northern Venezuela, in State of Carabobo (Cumbre de
Valencia) and in Departmento Federal Occidental (Galipan, Cerro
del Avila; Silla de Caracas; San Julian).
• Synallaxis c. cinnamomea, the most deeply colored stage in the chain of repre-
sentative forms ranging from the island of Tobago to the East Colombian Andes,
shares with 5. c. bolivari the dark rufous wings, the deep chestnut tail, and the mark-
ings of the throat; but may be distinguished by much darker rufous brown pileum
and back, deep hazel (instead of buff or ochraceous) superciliary streak and sides
of neck, and much more rufous under parts.
Wing (four unsexed adults from Bogotd) 61-63; tail 67-72; bill 13-14.
b The renaming of Synallaxis cinnamomeus LAFRESNAYE, on account of the earlier
Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN, was unnecessary, since the latter, though until recently
referred to the genus Synallaxis, proves to be genetically distinct.
8 Synallaxis cinnamomea bolivari HARTERT : Closely similar to S. c. striatipectus,
but upper parts decidedly more olivaceous, less tinged with rufescent; abdomen on
average paler, with the dusky streaking less pronounced. Wing 55-60; tail 64-73;
bill 12-14.
Material examined. — Venezuela, Carabobo: Cumbre de Valencia 4. Dept. Fed-
eral Occidental: Galipan, Cerro del Avila 1-6, Silla de Caracas 6.
104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Synallaxis cinnamomea striatipectus Chapman*. STRIPED-BREASTED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synattaxis striatipectus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 12, p. 156, 1899 —
Quebrada Secca, Bermudez, Venezuela.
Synallaxis terrestris (not of JARDINE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1868, p. 167 — Carip6, Bermudez; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 16 — part, Venezu-
ela; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 54, 1890 — part, spec, h, Venezuela.
Range: Northeastern Venezuela, in State of Bermudez (mountain
ranges near Cum ana).
Synallaxis cinnamomea carri Chapman*. TRINIDAD SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis carri CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 7, p. 323, 1895 — Caparo,
Trinidad.
Synallaxis cinerascens (not of TEMMINCK) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 152, 1866 —
Trinidad.
Synallaxis terrestris (not of JARDINE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6,
p. 48, 1894 — Trinidad.
Synallaxis terrestris carri HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 29, 1906 — Caparo (crit.).
Range: Island of Trinidad.
Synallaxis cinnamomea terrestris Jardine. TOBAGO SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis terrestris JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19, p. 80, 1847 — Tobago;
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 192, 1859 — Tobago; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 16 —
part, Tobago; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 54, 1890 — part, spec, a-g,
Tobago; DALMAS, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 139, 1900 — Tobago (crit.).
Range : Island of Tobago0.
a Synallaxis cinnamomea striatipectus CHAPMAN: Differs from 5. c. terrestris by
much darker, mummy brown upper parts, with the wings chestnut rather than
hazel; deep chestnut brown tail; by having a very distinct ochraceous buff supercil-
iary streak; the sides of neck and cheeks ochraceous, edged with blackish; foreneck
and breast ochraceous (instead of brown) and like the belly heavily streaked with
blackish. Wing 55-61 ; tail 62-74; bill 13-14.
Material examined. — Venezuela, Bermudez: Quebrada Secca 3, Los Palmales 3,
La Tigrera i, Carip6 i.
b Synallaxis cinnamomea carri CHAPMAN: Nearly allied to S. c. striatipectus,
with which it agrees in dark coloration of upper parts and tail, but easily recogniz-
able by bister brown under parts, either wholly unstreaked or with but a limited
amount of narrow buff streaking on foreneck and chest; much smaller white spots on
throat, and by lacking the ochraceous buff superciliary line. From S. c. terrestris it
differs by inferior size; much less white on throat with the blackish basal color show-
ing through; deeper brown under parts with fewer buff streaks. Wing 54-58; tail
60-69; bill 13-14.
Material examined. — Trinidad: Caparo 15, Aripo 8, Cave Mountains 2.
c Twenty-four specimens examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 105
Synallaxis cinnamomea adusta Salvin and Godman*. RORAIMA SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis adusta SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (5) 2, p.- 450, 1884 — Roraima,
British Guiana; SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 419 — Roraima; idem, I.e., 1886, p. 50x5
— Mt. Twek-quay; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 55, pi. 3, 1890 — Ror-
aima; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 100, 1921 — Roraima.
Range: Mountains of British Guiana (Roraima and Twek-quay).
*Synallaxis erythrothorax Sclater. RUFOUS-BPEASTED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis erythrothorax SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 75, pi. 86, June 1855 —
Coban (Guatemala) and Honduras; idem, I.e., 27, p. 192, 1859 — southern
Mexico and Guatemala ; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 17 — Mexico to Honduras (monog.) ;
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 55, 1890 — Orizaba; Yucatan; Vera Paz,
Kamkhal, Chisec, and Retalhuleu, Guatemala; Honduras; SALVIN and GOD-
MAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 150, 1891 (monog.); LANTZ, Trans.
Kansas Ac. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — Naranjo, Guatemala; COLE, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 50, p. 131, 1906 — Chichen-Itza, Yucatan; DEARBORN, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 107, 1907 — Los Amates, Patulul, and
San Jose", Guatemala (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 189, 1911 — southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, British Honduras, and Hon-
duras (monog.); PETERS, Auk, 30, p. 375, 1913 — Xcopen, Quintana Roo,
Mexico.
Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca,
Tabasco, Chiapas, and Yucatan), Guatemala, British Honduras, and
Honduras.
9: Guatemala (Los Amates, Isabel 7, Patulul i, San Jose, Es-
quintla i).
*Synallaxis rutilans rutilans Temminck. TEMMINCK'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis rutilans TEMMINCK, Nouv. Rec. PI. col., livr. 38, pi. 227, fig. i, Sept.
1823 — "Bresil," we suggest Cameta, Rio Tocantins (presumed type in Ber-
lin Museumb examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 193, 1859 — northern
Brazil; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 119,
1859 — part, Rio Negro and Marabitanas (spec, examined); idem, Orn. Bras.,
i, p. 36, 1868 — part, Rio Negro, Marabitanas; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1874, p. 18 — part, descr. and hab. Rio Negro; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
P- 57» 1890 — part, spec, a, Oyapock, Cayenne; RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8,
p. 26, 1891 — Santarem; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 60,
1902 — Nericagua (Orinoco R.), La Pricion, Nicare, and Suapure (Caura R.),
a Synallaxis cinnamomea adusta SALVIN and GODMAN : Differs from the other
races by sooty crown and auriculars, and almost entirely white throat. In streaked
under parts and possession of an ochraceous superciliary stripe it is not unlike
5. c. striatipectus.
Material examined. — British Guiana: Roraima 2, Twek-quay i.
aSee Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 14.
io6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Venezuela (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 145, 1908 — Oyapock
Cayenne; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 530, 1908 — Arumatheua, R. Tocan-
tins (spec, examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 323, 1914 — Cameta and
Arumatheua (R. Tocantins), Victoria, (R. Xingii), Sta. Julia (R. Iriri),
Cussary, Tamucury, Bella Vista (R. Tapaj6z), Santa Elena and Tucunar£
(Rio Jamauchim), Obidos; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Set. Bull., a, p. 260,
1916 — Maipures and Nericagua, R. Orinoco, and Caura River.
Synallaxis rutilans rutilans HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 13, 1907 — Rio Negro,
Venezuela, Oyapock (diag., crit.); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, p. 66, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo and Javaweg, Surinam
Synallaxis rutilans amazonica (not of HELLMAYR) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56,
p. 506, 1908 — Bella Vista, right bank of Tapajdz (spec, examined).
Range: French and Dutch Guiana; Venezuela (Orinoco and Caura
valleys) and northern Brazil (Rio Negro; Rio Branco; north bank at
Obidos; south of the Amazon, from the left bank of the Tocantins to
the right bank of the Tapaj6z».
i : Brazil (Conceicao, Rio Branco i).
*Synallaxis rutilans amazonica Hellmayr*. AMAZONIAN SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis rutilans amazonica HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 14, 1907 — Itaituba,
left bank of Rio Tapaj6z (type); Xeberos, Chamicuros, Chyavetas, Yuri-
maguas, Peru; idem, I.e., p. 52, 1907 — Teff6, Rio Solimoes; idem, I.e., 17,
p. 318, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira (range excl. right bank of Tapaj6z);
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 324, 1913 — Boim and Villa Braga, left
bank of Tapaj6z.
• Birds from Venezuela and Brazil, north of the Amazon (Obidos, Rio Negro) are
perfectly constant in coloration, the crown and back being Brussels brown in strong
contrast to the "burnt Sienna" of forehead, sides of head and neck. A single adult
from the Tocantins (Arumatheua) differs only by its duller (less rufescent) brown
upper parts. Four specimens from the right bank of the Tapaj6z (Bella Vista) and
the Jamauchim, by showing rufous edges to the lateral interscapulars and some of
the nuchal feathers, closely approach 5. r. amazonica, found on the opposite side of
the Tapaj6z, and are indeed barely separable from an example obtained at Calama,
Rio Madeira. Taken as a whole, however, they appear to be nearer to typical
rutilans although in an earlier publication (Nov. Zool., 17, p. 319, 1910) I had re-
ferred a single example from Bella Vista to amazonica.
Material examined. — Venezuela: Nericagua, Rio Orinoco 3, Caura River, Sua-
pure 2, La Pricion 3, La Union i, Nicare 2 French Guiana: Oyapock i Brazil: Rio
Branco i, Marabitanas, Rio Negro 2; Rio Tocantins, Cameta i, Arumatheua i;
Bella Vista, Rio Tapaj6z i, Rio Jamauchim 3.
b Synallaxis rutilans amazonica HELLMAYR: Differs from 5. r. rutilans in having
the whole crown and back strongly suffused with "burnt Sienna," only the rump
and tail-coverts being fuliginous or slaty blackish.
The amount of rufous admixture on the back is individually variable. Some
specimens are almost uniform rufous from forehead to lower back, while others have
only the lateral interscapulars margined with this color, differing very little from
the typical race.
Material examined. — Brazil, Rio Tapaj6z: Itaituba 3, Villa Braga i; Rio Made-
ira, Calama 3; Teff6, Rio Solimoes 2; Peru, Chamicuros 3, Chyavetas i.
BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 107
Synallaxis rufogularis CHERRIE*, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 35, p. 185, 1916 —
Barao Melgago, Giparana River, northern Matto Grosso (type examined).
Synallaxis rutilans (not of TEMMINCK) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 750 — Xeberos and Chyavetas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Xeberos,
Chyavetas, and Chamicuros, Peru; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 18 — part, Peruvian
localities; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Per., 2,
p. 132, 1884 — Xeberos, Chamicuros, Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Peru; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 57, 1890 — part, spec, c-e, Peru.
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the left bank
of the Tapaj6z (Itaituba, Boim, Villa Braga) west to eastern Peru
(Dept. Loreto), south to the Rio Machados (Giparana).
i: Peru (Moyobamba i).
Synallaxis rutilans tertia Hellmayrb. MATTO GROSSO SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis rutilans tertia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 15, 1907 — Engenho do
Gama, Rio Guapor6, Matto Grosso.
Synallaxis rutilans (not of TEMMINCK) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 119, 1859 — part, Engenho do Gama; idem, Orn.
Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 — part, Irisanga and Engenho do Gama.
Range: Central Brazil, in western Matto Grosso (Engenho do
Gama, Rio Guapore", Teodoro River) and northern Sao Paulo (Iri-
sanga) .
Synallaxis rutilans caquetensis Chapman0. CAQUETA SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis rutilans caquetensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 621,
1914 — Florencia, Caqueta, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 406, 1917 — same
locality,
Range: Southeastern Colombia (Caqueta region).
a The type of this supposed species is obviously a "freak." It differs from ama-
zonica by lacking the black gular patch (only the extreme bases of the throat feathers
are black) and by the rufous color below terminating on the chest, while the remainder
of the abdomen is of a dingy pale gray (instead of brown), slightly buffy along the
median line. Wing 60 (not 76, as given by the describer); bill 12.
b Synallaxis rutilans tertia HELLMAYR: Closely similar to brown backed examples
of S. r. amazonica with rufous edges only to lateral interscapulars, but rump and
upper tail-coverts brown like the back instead of sooty blackish. Wing 58-63;
tail 60-66; bill 13. Doubtfully separable.
Material examined. — Matto Grosso: Engenho do Gama 4, Teodoro River i.
0 Synallaxis rutilans caquetensis CHAPMAN: "Similar to 5. r. amazonica, but the
rufous areas much deeper (mahogany red rather than cinnamon rufous), less ex-
tensive below and more extensive above, where they occupy most of the crown and
back ; flanks and abdominal region olive fuscous with a slight tint of the color of the
breast, rather than buffy brown." (Chapman, I.e.).
This race which we do not know, needs comparison with 5. r. amazonica in which
crown and back are often mostly rufous. The describer apparently compared it
with specimens from Santarem, which, while somewhat intermediate, are nearer to
S. r. rutilans.
io8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Synallaxis rutilans omissa Hartert*. PARA SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis omissa HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., n, p. 71, 1901 — Pard (type
examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 365, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata,
Para; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 523, 1906 — Pard; idem, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 324, 1914 — Pard, Mocajatuba, Providencia, Ananindeua, Sta
Isabel, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puni, Rio Guamd (Sta Maria de S. Miguel, Ourem),
Rio Capim (Resacca), Rio Tocantins (Baiao).
Synallaxis rutilans (not of TEMMINCK) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 574 — Para (spec, examined); SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 18, — part, Para;
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 57, 1890 — part, spec, b, Para; GOELDI, Ibis,
1903, p- 499 — Rio Capim; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 523, 1906 — Para,
Rio Capim, Guamd.
Synallaxis rutilans omissa HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 15, 1907 — Pard (diag.,
crit.); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 36, 91,
1912 — Ipitinga, Peixe-Boi, Flor do Prado (Pard localities).
Range: Northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Maran-
hao to the right bank of the Tocantins (Baiao).
5: Brazil (Utinga, near Para 2; Tury-assii, Maranhao 3).
*Synallaxis gularisb gularis Lafresnaye. LAFRESNAYE'S WHITE-
THROATED SPINE-TAIL.
Syn[nalaxis\ gularis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 390, 1843 — "Colombie" =
Bogotd.
Synallaxis gularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogotd; idem, I.e.,
27, p. 192, 1859 — part, New Granada; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 16 — part, Bogotd;
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 55, 1890 — part, spec, a-i, Bogotd.
Synallaxis gularis gularis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 406, 1917 —
part, El Pifion and Bogotd.
Range : Temperate Zone of the East Colombian Andes (Bogotd, El
Pinon, Paramo de Tama)c.
i: Colombia (Paramo de Tama i).
• Synallaxis rutilans omissa HARTERT: Similar in form to S. r. rutilans, but
immediately distinguished by the lack of rufous in its plumage except on the wings.
The whole top and sides of the head as well as the under parts, save the black throat
patch, are fuliginous, though the breast is frequently washed with dull cinnamon
rufous, and the back is of a much duller brown than in its ally. Wing 58-63; tail
68-76; bill 12-13.
Material examined. — Pard: Pard 3, Flor do Prado i, Utinga 2, S. Antonio do
Prata i, Peixe-Boi i, Ipitinga, R. Acard 2. Maranhao: Tury-assu 3.
b Synallaxis gularis, which differs from the other members of the genus by its
slenderer, more depressed bill and by the tail being slightly shorter (instead of de-
cidedly or much longer) than the wing, should perhaps be separated generically.
0 In the absence of a satisfactory series with proper data from the Eastern Andes
of Colombia, the characters of typical gularis cannot be indicated with any degree
of certainty. Two "phases" are met with in Bogotd collections. One has the under
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 109
*Synallaxis gularis cinereiventris Chapman*. MERIDA WHITE-
THROATED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis gularis cinereiventris CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 149,
1912 — Quintero, near M6rida, Venezuela.
Synallaris gularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1870, p. 781 — Culata; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 16 — part, Venezuela.
Range: Western Venezuela, Andes of Merida.
6: Venezuela, Merida (Culata 4, Conejos i, Monte Sierra i).
Synallaxis gularis rufipectus Chapman*. WESTERN WHITE-THROATED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis gularis rufipectus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 149,
June 1912 — Laguneta, west of Quindio Pass, Central Andes, Colombia.
Synallaxis gularis gularis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 406, 1917 —
part, Paramillo, Andes west of Popayan, Laguneta.
Range: Western and Central Andes of Colombia.
Synallaxis gularis pichinchae Stone0. ECUADORIAN WHITE-THROATED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis gularis pichinchae STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 64, p. 365, Sept.
1912 — Hacienda Garzon, southern foot of Mt. Pichincha, Ecuador.
parts chiefly brownish gray with the flanks and tail coverts bright cinnamon brown,
and closely resembles the MeYida form cinereiventris. Three Bogota skins and one
female from the Paramo de Tama represent this color phase. Others have the under
surface (below the white throat) bright rusty cinnamon like birds from the Central
Andes (rufipectus CHAPMAN), from which they merely differ by decidedly deeper
upper parts. From Lafresnaye's description ("subtus pallide rufescens") it appears
that the species was originally based upon an example of the rusty bellied variety.
Chapman (I.e., p. 406) records a similar specimen from El Pifion, near Bogota.
S. g. gularis is evidently an intermediate form, connecting the western rufipectus
and the Venezuelan cinereiventris; both of which are perfectly constant in their
respective ranges.
a Synallaxis gularis cinereiventris CHAPMAN: Similar to gray bellied examples of
S. g. gularis, but under parts broccoli brown (less grayish), with the cinnamon brown
wash on flanks and crissum generally less pronounced; dorsal surface richer rufous;
bill slightly longer. Wing 56-61; tail 55-60; bill 13-14.
Nine specimens from the Andes of Merida examined.
b Synallaxis gularis rufipectus CHAPMAN : Similar to S. g . gularis, but decidedly
richer cinnamon russet above; under parts, except throat, bright rusty cinnamon,
flanks and crissum but slightly deeper in tone. Size the same.
Material examined. — Colombia, Central Andes, Prov. Caldas: Sancudo 4, La
Leonera 8, all in Carnegie Museum.
0 Synallaxis gularis pichinchae STONE: Exceedingly close to S. g. rufipectus, but
under parts paler tawny olive, and dorsal surface darker, less tawny. Wing 54-60;
tail 50-55; bill 13.
1 am not very confident as to the distinctness of this form. Five specimens
(Pichincha 3, Illiniza i, Nanegal i) are paler, less rusty below and slightly duller
no FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Synallaxis gularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 192,
1859 — part, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 89, 1860 — Nanegal; idem, I.e., 1874,
p. 16 — part, Ecuador; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 1890 — part, spec, j-m,
Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 — western side of Coraz6n; MENE-
GAUX, Miss. Serv. G6ogr. Mes. Arc MeYid. Equat., 9, p. B 40, 1911 — Lloa,
Mindo, and Nono; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69,
1922 — Nono and Pichincha.
Synallaxis rufiventris (not of BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) SALVADORI and FESTA,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 20, 1899 — Chaupi (Paramos of Illin-
iza), Frutillas, Nanegal (spec, examined).
Range : Temperate Zone of Ecuador.
Synallaxis gularis rufiventris Berlepsch and Stolzmann*. PERUVIAN
WHITE-THROATED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis gularis rufiventris BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
P- 372 — Maraynioc, Dept. Junin, Peru (type in Warsaw Museum examined).
Range: Andes of Central Peru (Maraynioc, Dept. Junin).
Genus POECILURUS Toddb.
Poecilurus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 129, 1917 — type by orig. desig.
Synallaxis candei LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY.
Poecilurus candei candei (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). CANDE'S
SPINE-TAIL.
Synnalaxis (sic) candei LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Rev. Zool., I, p. 165, 1838
Carthagena, Colombia (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge ex-
amined).
Synallaxis candaei SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 194, 1859 — part, Carthagena;
idem, I.e., 1871, p. 85 — part, Sabanilla and Carthagena; idem, I.e., 1874,
p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 2 — part, Carthagena, Sabanilla; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
J5t P- 54» J^QO — part, spec, b, Carthagena; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1899, p. 313 — Base of La Popa, Carthagena.
Synallaxis candei CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 193 — Carthagena.
above than two rufipectus, with which they were directly compared, though the
difference is not very pronounced. F. M. Chapman (in litt.) considers them insep-
arable.
a Synallaxis gularis rufiventris BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: The type (and only
known specimen) differs from five pichinchae by much darker, more cinnamomeous
sides of neck and under parts, the foreneck particularly so; somewhat deeper rufous
upper parts and tail; more restricted white throat patch. Wing (adult male) 60.5;
tail 55.5 ; bill 13.
More material is needed to show whether this form is really distinct from the birds
inhabiting Ecuador and western Colombia.
b Genus Poecilurus TODD: Nearest to Synallaxis, but tail composed of soft,
closely webbed feathers, with broad, blunt tips.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. in
Synallaxis candaei candaei CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 405, 1917
— La Playa, Calamar, Remolino.
Poecilurus candei candei TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 285,
1922 — Fundaci6n, Colombia.
Range: Littoral of northern Colombia, west of the Santa Marta
Mountains, and Magdalena Delta south to Calamara.
*Poecilurus candei venezuelensis (Cory}b. VENEZUELAN WHITE-
CHINNED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis candei venezuelensis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i,
p. 292, 1913 — Rio Aurare, about fifteen miles east of Maracaibo, Zulia,
Venezuela.
Synallaxis candaei (not 5. candei LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 194, 1859 — part, Rio Hacha; idem, I.e., 1871, p. 85 —
part, Rio Hacha; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 15 — part, Rio Hacha; SALVIN and GOD-
MAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 — Valencia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 54,
1890 — part, spec, a, Valencia.
Poecilurus candei venezuelensis TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
p. 286, 1922 — Rio Hacha (La Goajira), Fonseca (Rio Rancheria), Valencia
(Rio Cesar) (crit.).
Range : Arid littoral of northern Colombia, east of the Santa Marta
Mountains (Rio Hacha, La Goajira; valleys of the Rio Rancheria and
Rio Cesar), and northwestern Venezuela (Rio Aurare and Altagracia,
Zulia; Tocuyo, Lara).
2: Venezuela (Rio Aurare i, Altagracia i).
Poecilurus candei atrigularis Todde. MAGDALENA SPINE-TAIL.
Poecilurus atrigularis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 129, 1917 — Gamarra,
Magdalena, Colombia (type examined).
a Material examined. — Carthagena 3, Sabanilla i, Turbaco 4, Calamar 2.
b Poecilurus candei venezuelensis (CORY) : Similar to P. c. candei, but rufous areas
lighter in tone; upper back without trace of brownish edges; crown more grayish;
white supraloral streak much more conspicuous; basal portion of rectrices lighter
cinnamon rufous, tail in consequence more distinctly bicolor. Wing 61-63; tail 72-
75; bill 13-14-
0 Poecilurus candei atrigularis TODD: Nearly related to P. c. candei, but imme-
diately distinguished by lacking the cinnamon rufous on postocular region and sides
of neck, the former being dull buffy grayish brown like the crown, the latter Dresden
brown; by Dresden brown (instead of cinnamon rufous) back; darker chestnut tail,
with dusky terminal portion less marked; duller sooty auriculars; deeper (amber
brown) breast, passing into tawny olive on flanks; finally by having the chin and
malar region but slightly spotted with grayish white. Wing 61-65; tail 73-77;
bill 13-14.
Though well-marked, this is clearly but a southern race of P. c. candei, some of
the examples being slightly intermediate in one or the other character.
Material examined. — Gamarra 2, Aguachica 3.
ii2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range: Northern Colombia, in State of Magdalena (Gamarra and
Aguachica, near Puerto Nacional, on the Magdalena River).
Poecilurus kollari (Pelzeln)*. KOLLAR'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis kollari PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
20 (i), p. 158, pi. i, fig. 3, 1856 — Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, Brazil
(spec, in Vienna Museum examined); idem, I.e., 34, p. 119, 1859 — Sao Joa-
quim; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 — Sao Joaquim; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1874, P- J5t Pi- 3> fig- * — R*° Branco; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 53,
1890 — Rio Branco.
Range: Northern Brazil, on the upper Rio Branco (Forte do Sao
Joaquim).
Genus CERTHIAXIS Lessonb.
Certhiaxis LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n (2), No. 8, p. 182, July 1844 —
type by orig. desig. Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN.
Leptoxyura REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 170, 1853 — type by
subs, desig. (Gray, 1855, p. 27) Synallaxis ruficauda VIEILLOT.
*Certhiaxis cinnamomea cinnamomea (Gmeliri). YELLOW-THROATED
SPINE-TAIL.
Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (i), p. 480, 1788 — based on "Cinna-
mon Creeper" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, i (2), p. 740, 1782; locality un-
known, Cayenne substituted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert 1902;
VIEILLOT and OUDART, Galerie Ois., i (2), p. 283, pi. 173, circa 1825 — Cayenne.
Synallaxis cinnamomea BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers, Th. Bras., 3, p. 42, 1856 —
"Para" and Guyana; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 13 — part, Trinidad,
Guiana, Cayenne; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — British Guiana (ex SCHOM-
BURGK); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 51, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, Trini-
dad, Rio Tocantins, Isl. of Mexiana; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6,
p. 47, 1894 — mouth of the Cipero River, Trinidad; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 9, p. 59, 1902 — Altagracia and Ciudad Bolivar, R. Orinoco (spec,
examined); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 523, 1906 — Maraj6 and Mexiana;
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 28, 1906 — Caroni Swamp and Seelet, Trinidad;
a Poecilurus kollari (PELZELN) : Similar in form to P. c. candei, but tail entirely
clear cinnamon rufous, without trace of the black terminal zone; lores and cheeks
pale gray instead of black; auriculars but slightly paler cinnamon rufous than the
back, instead of black; throat black, tipped with silvery white; middle of abdomen
less extensively buffy white. Wing (three adults) 58-60; tail 73-75; bill 14.
Material examined. — Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco 4.
b As first pointed out by Bertoni (Anal. Cient. Parag., (2) No. 3, p. 240, 1918)
and later insisted upon by Todd (Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 291, 1922), Certhia
cinnamomea and allies have twelve rectrices, which at once rules them out of Syn-
allaxis where they had been placed by authors. The group appears most nearly
related to Cranioleuca, but may be distinguished by its much more rounded wing
and short tail (about equal to length of wing).
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 113
HAGMANN, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 26, p. 33, 1907 — Mexiana (spec, examined);
BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 144, 1908 — Cayenne; BEEBE, Zoologica
(N. Y.), i, p. 93, 1909 — La Brea, Orinoco Delta; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 6s, p. 203, 1913 — Boca Uracoa, Manimo River, Venezuela; SNETH-
LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 323, 1914 — Quati-Puni, Rio Tocantins (I. Pae
Lourenco, I. Pirunum, Arumatheua), Maraj6, Mexiana, Arumanduba, Erere",
Rio Jamunda (Faro); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 259,
1916 — Ciudad Bolivar, San Feliz River, Altagracia, Orinoco; CHUBB, Birds
Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 98, 1921 — Upper Takutu Mts., Bartica, Bonasica, Abary
River, Anarica River, Annai, Brit. Guiana.
Synallaxis ruficauda (not of VIEILLOT) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 3, p. 689, 1848 — Canuku Mts.; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw,
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 121, 1859 — part, Forte do Rio Branco; idem, Orn.
Bras., i, p. 37, 1868 — part, Forte do Rio Branco; LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad,
p. 155, 1866 — Trinidad.
Leptoxyura cinnamomea SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 574 —
Mexiana and Rio Tocantins.
Synallaxis cinnamomea cinnamomea HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 120, 132, 1912 — Mexiana; Cachoueira, Maraj6;
BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 66, 1918 — vicinity of
Paramaribo, Surinam.
"Le Cinnamon" AUDEBERT and VIEILLOT, Ois. Bore's, 2, p. 96, pi. 62, "1802"
(figure of type in British Museum).
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; Venezuela (Orinoco
Valley); Trinidad; northern Brazil, south to the north bank and the
islands in the delta of the Amazon (Mexiana, Maraj6)a.
4: British Guiana (Georgetown 2, unspecified 2).
*Certhiaxis cinnamomea fuscifrons (Madardsz)b. DUSKY-FRONTED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis fuscifrons MADARASZ, Ornith. Monatsber., 21, p. 22, 1913 — Aracataca,
Santa Marta district, Colombia (type examined).
Leptoxyura cinnamomea (not of GMELIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1869, p. 252 — Plain of Valencia, Venezuela; WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 —
Paturia, Magdalena.
Synallaxis cinnamomea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 13 — part, Bogota and
Venezuela [ = Plain of Valencia]; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 158,
1900 — Cienaga, Colombia.
a Birds from the Tocantins and near Para (Quati-puru) referred here by Sneth-
lage may belong to C. c. russeola. No material is available.
b Certhiaxis cinnamomea fuscifrons (MADARASZ) : Differs by brighter rufous
upper parts and dusky olive gray forehead. Wing 58-62.
Besides the specimens listed above, the type and four more "Bogota" skins have
been examined.
ii4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Synattaxis cinnamomea fuscifrons CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 405,
1917 — Bagado, Rio Atrato; La Playa, Calamar.
Leptoxyura cinnamomea fuscifrons TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 291, 1922 — Fundaci6n, Trojas de Cataca.
Range: Northern Colombia (Atrato River; Magadelena Valley, up
toLakePaturia; " Bogota"-collections) and northwestern Venezuela (in
states of Zulia and Aragua).
ii : Colombia (Bogota i); Venezuela (Zulia, Encontrados 4, Cata-
tumbo River 3, Rio Aurare i ; Aragua, Maracay i, Lake Valencia i).
"Certhiaxis cinnamomea russeola ( Vieillof). SOUTHERN YELLOW-
THROATED SPINE-TAIL.
Sylvia russeola VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. £d., xx, p. 217, 1817 —
based on Azara No. 233, Paraguay.
Synallaxis ruficauda VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 32, p. 310,
1819 — "Bre'sil" (the type examined in Paris Museum was obtained by Dela-
lande, Jr., at Rio de Janeiro); SPIX, Av. Spec. Nov., i, p. 84, pi. 85, fig. 2,
1824 — part, "female," Rio de Janeiro (spec, examined); LAFRESNAYE and
D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av. i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — Corrientes (spec,
examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois., p. 240, 1839 — Corrientes;
PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 121, 1859
— part, Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras.,
*t P- 37» 1868 — part, same localities; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist.
Foren., 1870, p. 381 — Lagoa Santa (Minas Geraes) and Buenos Aires.
SpTienura mentalis LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 —
Bahia.
Synallaxis caudacutus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 692, 1831 — Cabo
Frio (near Rio de Janeiro), Coral de Battuba and Muribecca, Rio Itabapuana
(Espirito Santo) (nesting habits).
Synattaxis cinnamomea cearensis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser.,
i, p. 340, 1916 — Jua, near Iguatu, Ceard.
Synallaxis martinsi SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 268, 1925 — Monduby,
Ceara (=juv.).
Synallaxis mentalis BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 41, 1856 — Novo
Friburgo (Rio) and Lagoa Santa (Minas); EULER, Journ. Orn., 15, p. 400,
1867 (nest descr.).
Synattaxis cinnamomea (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 13 —
part, Ceard and Bahia; FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 346 — Pernambuco; BERLEPSCH,
Journ. Orn., 35, p. 15, 1887 — Lambare", Paraguay (crit.); ALLEN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 2, p. 244, 1889 (note on Wied's type); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 50, 1890 — part, spec, e-r, Pernambuco, Bahia, Pelotas (Rio
Grande do Sul), Corumba (Matto Grosso), Bolivia; BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH,
The Humming Bhd, 2, p. 44, 1892 — Porto Real, Rio; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 131
— Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 112,
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 115
1893 — Corumba, Matto Grosso; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul,
16, p. 128, 1899 — Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Paul., 3,
p. 222, 1899 — Piquete and Cachoeira, Sao Paulo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4,
P- 157, JQ00 — Cantagallo and Novo Friburgo; EULER, I.e., p. 60, 243, 1900
(nest); REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Akv Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 —
Pao d'Alho, near Recife (Pernambuco) ; Joazeiro and Santa Rita, Rio Preto
(Bahia), Parnagua (Piauhy), S. Quiteria, Rio Parnahyba (Maranhao);
GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 129 — Colonia Risso, Paraguay.
Synallaxis cinnamomea russeola MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 72, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro and Corrientjes (crit.); HELL-
MAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 630, 1906 — part, "fe-
male" of Spix (crit.); IHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 232, 1907 — Ypiranga,
Itatiba, and Bauni, Sao Paulo; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 211,
1909 — San Vicente and Pindo, Chaco Argentine; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 526 —
Sapucay, Paraguay; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 256, 1921 — Corrientes;
SERI£ and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, p. 47, 1920 — Santa Elena, Entrerios.
Certhiaxis ? ruseola (sic) BERTONI, Anal. Cient. Parag., (2) No. 3, p. 240, 1918
—Sao Paulo (crit.).
Synallaxis cinnamomea subsp. russeola LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat., i, p. 24, 1909 —
San Vicente, Prov. Santa F£; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 295,
1910 — Pindo and San Vicente, Chaco.
Range: Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, and Ceara to Rio Grande
do Sul and Matto Grosso; Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (in
provinces of Santa Fe", Corrientes, and Entrerios) a.
8: Argentina (Ocampo, Prov. Santa Fe 2); Brazil (Rio de Jan-
eiro i; Bahia i; Ceara, Quixada i, Jua, near Iguatu i; Maranhao,
Tury-assti i ; Piauhy, Ibiapaba i).
Certhiaxis mustelioa (Sclater)b. FOXY SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis mustelina SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 14 — Rio Madeira and
Pebas, Peru (the type examined in the Vienna Museum is from the Rio
Madeira, below the mouth of the Marmellos) ; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p.
127, 1884 — Ucayali, Pebas, Peru ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 51, 1890 —
Sarayacu and Pebas, Peru; RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — San-
8 While birds from southern Brazil (Rio, Sao Paulo, Matto Grosso, Rio Grande
do Sul), Paraguay, and Argentina are fairly distinguishable by duller upper parts
and paler (grayish buff) flanks, those from Bahia and northwards are more or less
intermediate, some being hardly different from typical cinnamomea. The dusky
terminal area of the middle rectrices is a variable feature, being present in many,
though by no means in all of the specimens, while it evidently never occurs in the
northern races.
b Certhiaxis mustelina (SCLATER) agrees with C. cinnamomea in general form,
but differs by longer bill, bright foxy-red upper parts (strongly contrasted with the
Isabella color of the rump), conspicuous black loral streak, and pure white lower
surface, without t^ace of a yellow gular patch. Wing 57-61; tail 56-61; bill 15-17.
Material examined. — Brazil: Rio Madeira 3, Teff6 i, Santarem i, unspeci-
fied i. Peru: Sarayacu i, Ucayali 2, Pebas 3.
n6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
tarem; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 73,
1906 — Pebas and Sarayacu, Peru (crit.); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 13,
1908 — Monte Verde, Rio Punis, and Monte Alegre; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
14, p. 52, 1907 — Teffe, Rio Solimoes (crit.); idem, I.e., 17, p. 318, 1910 — Rio
Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 323, 1914 — Monte Alegre and
Rio Punis.
SynaUaxis ruficauda (not of VIEILLOT) SPIX, Av. Spec. Nov., i, p. 84, 1824 —
part, descr. of "male" (spec, in Munich Museum examined).
SynaUaxis cinnamomea (not Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN) PELZELN, Sitzungs-
ber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 121, 1859 — Rio Madeira, below
the Rio Marmellos (soft parts) ; idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 37, 1868 — same
locality.
Leptoxyura cinnamomea SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 —
Upper Ucayali; idem, l.c., 1867, p. 978 — Pebas; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 —
Upper Ucayali, Pebas, Peru.
SynaUaxis cinnamomea russeola (not of VIEILLOT) HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 630, 1976 — part, No. i ("male" of Spix).
SynaUaxis frenata SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 523, 1906 — Monte Alegre.
SynaUaxis mustelina frenata IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 233, 1907 — Santarem.
Range: Banks of the Amazon and its affluents in northern Brazil
(Monte Alegre; Santarem; Teffe", Rio Solimoes; Rio Madeira) and east-
ern Peru (Pebas, Rio Marafion; Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali).
Genus CRANIOLEUCA Reichenbach".
Cranioleuca REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 167, 1853 — type by
monotypy SynaUaxis albiceps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY.
Acrorchilus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type by orig.
desig. SynaUaxis erythrops SCLATER.
Cranioleuca albiceps (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). CINNAMON-CAPPED
SPINE-TAIL.
SynaUaxis albiceps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7,
cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — Sicasica, Bolivia (types in Paris Museum examined);
D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am£r. mend., Ois. p. 241, pi. 16, fig. 2, 1839 — Capinata,
Prov. Sicasica, Bolivia; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 21 — Bolivia;
SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, P- 621 — Sicasica; Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz.
Siptornis albiceps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 64, 1890 — Tilotilo, Bolivia;
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Autun, 19, p. 79, 1906 — Sica-
sica; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 259, 1921 — Sicasica, Bolivia.
a Cranioleuca and Acrorchilus are absolutely identical in structural characters,
allowing the usual amount of variation in thickness of bill.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 117
Range: Andes of Bolivia (Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz; Capinata,
Prov. Sicasica; Incachaca, Dept. Cochabamba)a.
Cranioleuca albicapilla albicapilla (Cabanis)*. BUFF-CAPPED SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis albicapilla CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 319, 1873 — Maraynioc, Dept.
Junin, Peru; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 22 — Maraynioc; TACZANOWSKI.
I.e., p. 527 — Maraynioc; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 136, 1884 — part, Maraynioc.
Siptornis albicapilla BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 374 — •
Pariayacu, Junin.
Range: Temperate Zone of central Peru (Maraynioc, Pariayacu,
Dept. Junin).
Cranioleuca albicapilla albigula Zimmer0. ZIMMER'S BUFF-CAPPED
SPINE-TAIL.
Cranioleuca albicapilla albigula ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser.,
12, p. 56, April 1924 — Matchu Picchu (Cedrobamba), Urubamba Valley,
Peru (type examined).
Synallaxis albicapilla (not of CABANIS) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1874, p. 678, 679 — Ccachupata, near Cuzco; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2,
p. 136, 1884 — part, Ccachupata.
Siptornis albicapilla SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 64, 1890 — Paucartambo,
Ccachupata, near Cuzco; CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 83, 1921 —
Cedrobamba.
Range: Temperate Zone of southeastern Peru (Matchu Picchu,
Ccachupata, Paucartambo, Dept. Cuzco).
*Cranioleuca baroni baroni (Salvin)d. BARON'S SPINE-TAIL. (PI. 4).
Siptornis baroni SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 — Huamachuco and Caja-
bamba, Peru (type in British Museum examined).
a Seven specimens from the Bolivian Andes examined.
b Cranioleuca albicapilla, although allied to C. albiceps, is quite distinct by
reason of its larger size, especially much longer tail, and totally different coloration.
Four specimens from Junin examined.
0 Cranioleuca albicapilla albigula ZIMMER: Nearly allied to C. a. albicapilla,
but crown deeper, light pinkish cinnamon rather than buff; back brownish olive
instead of olivaceous gray; rump much more fulvous (about Buckthorn brown);
light throat area snowy white and more extensive, involving also the foreneck; re-
mainder of under parts decidedly buffy brown instead of grayish buff. Wing (adult
male) 77; tail 87; bill 15.
d Cranioleuca baroni baroni (SALVIN) : Allied to C. albicapilla, but with much
longer wings, much longer, above blackish brown bill, and with crown feathers less
elongated and more rounded at the tip. Besides, it differs widely in coloration having
the crown and nape dark hazel ; the back mouse gray ; the primary-coverts and remiges
broadly edged with dark hazel; the superciliaries, cheeks and malar region pure
n8 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range : Temperate Zone of the upper Maranon Valley, in depts. of
Cajamarca (Cajabamba, Huamachuco) and Huanuco (Cullcui).
i: Peru (Cullcui, Dept. Hudnuco).
*Cranioleuca baroni capitalis Zimmer*. TAWNY-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL.
Cranioleuca baroni capitalis ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser.,
12, p. 54, April 1924 — La Quinua, Huanuco, Peru.
Range: Temperate Zone of central Peru (Dept. Huanuco).
7: Peru, Dept. Huanuco (La Quinua 4, Huanuco Mts. i, Panao
Mts. 2).
Cranioleuca antisiensis antisiensis (Sclater). ERASER'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis antisiensis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 457, 1858 — Cuenca, east
side of watershed, Ecuador; idem, l.c.f 1874, p. 18 — Cuenca (type in British
Museum examined).
Siptornis antisiensis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 59, 1890 — part, spec, a,
Cuenca.
Siptornis antisiensis antisiensis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 14, 1923 —
above Zaruma, Alamor, Celica, Ecuador (spec, examined).
Range: Andes of southern Ecuador, in provinces of El Oro (above
Zaruma), Azuay (Cuenca), and Loja (Celica, Alamor) b.
*Cranioleuca antisiensis palamblae (Chapman)'. PALAMBLA SPINE-
TAIL.
Siptornis antisiensis palamblae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 13, Aug.
J923 — Palambla, west slope of western Andes, Dept. Piura, Peru (type
examined).
Synallaxis antisiensis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,
p. 230 — Tambillo; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 200 — Cutervo; idem, Orn. Pe>., 2,
p. 133, 1884 — Tambillo, Paucal, Peru.
white instead of buff; the auriculars blackish, with but narrow whitish streaks, etc.
Wing (two males) 82, 84; tail 87, 89; bill 18.
Material examined. — Peru: Huamachuco (the type) i, Cullcui i.
• Cranioleuca baroni capitalis ZIMMER: Differs from C. b. baroni by much paler
(tawny instead of dark hazel) crown; somewhat paler rufous wings; by having dis-
tinct white central spots to the feathers on sides of neck and breast, and the abdo-
men decidedly darker gray. The central rectrices frequently have a more or less
distinct dusky terminal spot. Size about the same (wing 79-82).
b Material examined. — Ecuador: Cuenca (the type) i ; El Oro, above Zaruma 4;
Prov. Loja, Celica 3, Alamor 7, all, except the type, in collection of American Mus-
eum of Natural History, New York.
0 Cranioleuca antisiensis palamblae (CHAPMAN) : Differs from C. a. antisiensis by
paler, grayish olive rather than olivaceous brown back; broader, almost pure white
(instead of buff) superciliaries; perceptibly paler, more grayish buff underparts,
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 119
Siptornis cisandina ?, BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1918 — Huancabamba,
Dept. Piura (spec, examined).
Cranioleuca antisiensis cisandina (not of TACZANOWSKI) CORY, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 32, p. 156, 1919 (characters taken from Utcubamba specimen in
Field Museum).
Range: Northern Peru, in depts. of Piura (Palambla, Huanca-
bamba), Cajamarca (Tambillo, Cutervo, Paucal), Amazonas (Rio
Utcubamba, near Chachapoyas), and San Martin (valley of
Huayabamba) .
i : Peru (Rio Utcubamba i).
Cranioleuca cisandina (Taczanowski}*. Cis ANDEAN SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis cisandina TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 25 — Chirimoto and
Huambo, valley of Huayabamba, Peru; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 133, 1884 —
same localities).
Synallaxis subandina TACZANOWSKI, I.e., Tables, p. 48, 1886.
Range: Northern Peru (valley of Huayabamba, Dept. San
Martin). ^
with the flanks and tail-coverts less fulvescent; by lacking the rufous streaks on
the auriculars. Wing 60-66; tail 60-72; bill 13.5-14.
An adult male from Huancabamba (east slope of western Cordillera) agrees in
size and coloration with five Palambla specimens, but approaches C. a. antisiensis
in more brownish upper parts, while the slightly darker rufous of the head is re-
stricted to forehead and crown (wing 68.5; tail 72; bill 15). An (apparently some-
what immature) female from Rio Utcubamba, s.w. of Chachapoyas (west slope of
central Cordillera) resembles the Palambla series above and below, escept for slightly
deeper rufous pileum, wings, and tail, and rather larger size (wing 71.5; tail 81 ; bill
14.5). A similar, but smaller (wing 67; tail 76; bill 14) example (c? ad.) is in the
British Museum. It was obtained by O. T. Baron on September 22, 1894, a* Huaya-
bamba (east side of central Cordillera). While more material from the central Cor-
dillera is urgently desired, there can be no question that these birds are quite dis-
tinct from S. curtata which has no trace of a buff y or white superciliary streak. Nor
do they correspond to Taczanowski's description of S. cisandina although the type,
like Baron's specimen, came from the valley of Huayabamba.
Material examined. — Piura: Palambla 5, Huancabamba 3; Amazonas, Rio Utcu-
bamba i; San Martin, Huayabamba i.
* Cranioleuca cisandina (TACZANOWSKI) : Described as being intermediate be-
tween C. antisiensis (viz. palamblae, from Tambillo, east side of western Cordillera)
and C. curtata (from San Bartolome, probably = C. c. debilis), but nearer the latter.
Said to differ from C. a. palamblae by smaller size, less grayish back, darker under
parts, less conspicuous superciliary streak, and deeper rufous crown, wings, and
tail ; from C. curtata by the last named character, less ruf escent back, and by lacking
the grayish forehead. Taczanowski's somewhat ambiguous description ("sourcil
gris blanchatre ou cendre' pale assez large derriere 1'oeil et a peine distinct sur le
devant") does not fit either Baron's Huayabamba bird, mentioned above, with long
pure white eyebrows, or the members of the curtata group, in which the super-
ciliary region is grayish or brownish olive. The measurements (wing 70 (male), 65
(female) ; tail 71, 70) agree fairly well with those of C. curtata griseipectus CHAPMAN.
For the present, I am unable to make out whether C. cisandina belongs with the
C. antisiensis or C. curtata group.
120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Cranioleuca furcata (Taczanowski}*. FORK-TAILED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis furcata TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 25 — Chirimoto, valley
of Huayabamba, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 134, 1884 — Chirimoto.
Range: Northern Peru (valley of Huayabamba, Dept. San Martin).
Cranioleuca hellmayri (Bangs)*. HELLMAYR'S SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis hellmayri BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, p. 55, 1907 — Paramo de
Macotama, Sierra of Santa Marta.
Synallaxis antisiensis (not of SCLATER) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 —
Santa Marta region (spec, examined).
Siptornis antisiensis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 59, 1890 — part, spec, b,
"Santa Marta"; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 99, 1899 — Santa Cruz,
Paramo de Macotama, and Paramo de Chiriqua; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 13, p. 158, 1900 — Valparaiso.
Acrorchilus hellmayri TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 288,
1922 — San Lorenzo, Cincinnati, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Las Vegas,
Cerro de Caracas.
Range: Santa Marta Mountains in northern Colombia.
*Cranioleuca subcristata (Sclater)0. CRESTED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis subcristata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 20, pi. 4, fig. i — Caracas
(type examined).
Synallaxis inornata (not of PELZELN 1856) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1868, p. 167 — Caracas.
B Cranioleuca furcata (TACZANOWSKI) : Similar to C. antisiensis palamblae, but
under parts, sides of head, and superciliaries bright ochraceous; under wing-coverts
much deeper ochraceous; back olivaceous instead of grayish. Wing (adult female) 69;
tail 65. (Translated from the French original.) This species is unknown to me.
b Cranioleuca hellmayri (BANGS): Similar to C. a. antisiensis in possessing dis-
tinct, though more purely white superciliaries; but pileum streaked with black;
auriculars buff, edged with dusky; under parts paler and more grayish; tertials
tinged with olivaceous. Wing (male) 66-69; (female) 63-65; tail 67-75; bill 13-14. —
Probably a race of C. antisiensis.
Material examined. — San Lorenzo 3, Cerro de Caracas, Sierra Nevada of Santa
Marta i, Cincinnati 3, unspecified i.
0 Cranioleuca subcristata (SCLATER): Very nearly related to C. hellmayri, but
without any rufous on the head, the pileum and crest being grayish brown (more
buffy on forehead), streaked with dusky; buffy superciliary streak barely suggested;
auriculars paler, without dusky streaks; back more grayish olive; wings and tail
lighter cinnamon rufous; bill slenderer and paler horn brown. Wing (male) 64-67,
(female) 59-63; tail 63-75; bill 12.5-14.
There is much individual variation in the amount of dusky streaking on crown,
buffy suffusion on forehead, and coloring of back. An adult from the hinterland of
Cumand (Los Palmales) differs from the other specimens by almost unstreaked gray-
ish brown pileum, while two "Bogotd" skins are somewhat darker brownish under-
neath.
Material examined. — Venezuela, Bermudez: Los Palmales i, Quebrada Secca i-
Dept. Federal Occidental: Caracas 7, Silla de Caracas 4, Galipan, Cerro del Avila 5.
Lara: Lagunita de Aroa i. Colombia: "Bogotd" 2.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 121
Siptornis subcristata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 62, pi. 4, 1890 — Caracas;
PHELPS and CHAPMAN, Auk, 14, p. 365, 369, 1897 — Caripe", Bermudez;
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 78, 1906 —
Caracas.
Range: North coast mountains of Venezuela, in states of Ber-
mudez (Caripe, Los Palmales, Quebrada Secca), Dept. Federal Occi-
dental (Caracas; Silla de Caracas; Galipan, Cerro del Avila), and Lara
(Lagunita de Aroa), and Eastern Andes of Colombia (native "Bogota"-
col lections).
4: Venezuela (Caracas 4).
Cranioleuca curtate* curtate (Sclater). BOGOTA SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis curtata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 636, pi. 49, fig. i — Bogota;
idem, I.e., 1874, p. 19 — part, descr. and hab. Bogota.
Siptornis curtata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 59, 1890 — Bogota.
Siptornis antisiensis (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 406, 1917 — part, Fusugasugd and El Roble, eastern Andes (spec, examined).
Range: Eastern Andes of Colombia (Bogota. Fusugasugd, El
Roble) b.
Cranioleuca curtata griseipectus Chapman0. GRAY-BREASTED SPINE-
TAIL.
Cranioleuca curtata griseipectus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Nov., 123, p. 8, 1924 —
below Oyacachi, Ecuador (type examined).
Synallaxis curtata (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1885, p. 95 — Mapoto and Machay, Ecuador (spec, examined).
Siptornis antisiensis (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 406, 1917 — part, La Candela (spec, examined).
a Cranioleuca curtata, while not unlike C. antisiensis, is readily distinguished by
lacking the white superciliaries and the conspicuous buffy white loral spot; by rufes-
cent olive brown (instead of bright cinnamon rufous) tertials and outer web of secon-
daries; brighter and more rufescent olive brown upper parts, with rufous of crown
more restricted; darker, more olivaceous auriculars; buffy brown under parts; much
less extensive, dingy grayish white throat area; blackish brown maxilla.
b Material examined. — Bogota 3, Fusugasugd i, El Roble i.
0 Cranioleuca curtata griseipectus CHAPMAN: Similar to C. c. curtata, but crown,
tail, and wings externally darker, chestnut rather than Sanford's brown; back
darker brown; under parts on average darker grayish. Wing 69-71; tail 71-76;
bill I3-5-I4-
The grayish brown suffusion on the forehead is as variable a character as in
C. c. curtata. Some specimens have a distinct frontal band, contrasting with the
chestnut crown, while in others there is just a faint suggestion of gray at the extreme
base of some of the feathers.
Material examined. — Colombia: La Candela, Huila i. Ecuador: Machay i,
below Oyacachi 2, Zamora i.
122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range : Subtropical Zone of eastern Ecuador (below Oyacachi, Rio
Sardinas, San Jose" de Sumarco, Zamora, Mapoto, Machay), extending
northwards to the head of the Magdalena, Colombia (La Candela).
Cranioleuca curtata debilis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)*. SLENDER-
BILLED SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis curtata debilis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 115, 1906 —
Escopal, Marcapata, Peru (type in Branicki Museum, Warsaw examined).
(?) Synallaxis curtata (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 527 — San Bartolome", Dept. Junin; SCLATER, I.e., p. 19 — part, spec, from
"near Tarma" [ = S. Bartolome']; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 135, 1884 —
San Bartolome'.
Range: Southeastern Peru (Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco), probably
extending north to Junin (San Bartolome') b, and adjoining parts of
Bolivia.
Cranioleuca erythrops erythrops (Sclater)0. RED-FACED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis erythrops SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 28, p. 66, 1860 — Pallatanga, Ecua-
dor; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 19 — part, Pallatanga, "Loxa," Ecuador; BERLEPSCH
and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Cayandeled; idem, I.e., 1884, 298 —
Cayandeled and Pedregal; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 — Intac, Gualea,
and San Nicolas.
Siptornis erythrops SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 60, 1890 — part, spec, a-e,
Pallatanga, Nanegal, "vicinity of Quito"; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus.
Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 21, 1899 — Gualea; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv.
g£ogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat., 9, p. B 41, 1911 — Mindo and Gualea.
Range: Western Ecuador (Pallatanga, Cayandeled, Pedregal, In-
tac, Mindo, Nanegal, San Nicolas).
Cranioleuca erythrops griseigularis (Ridgway)*. GRAY-THROATED
SPINE-TAIL.
Acrorchilus erythrops griseigularis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 72,
1909 — San Antonio, Rio Cali, Colombia.
• Cranioleuca curtata debilis (BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) : Differs from the
Machay example of C. c. griseipectus with which it was directly compared by much
smaller, slenderer bill; lighter and more rufescent back; much clearer rufous crown,
wings and tail. Wing (adult male) 66; tail 68.5; bill 12.5.
b The bird from San Bartolome" is more likely to be referable to C. c. debilis
than to C. c. griseipectus.
0 C. e. erythrops, of which eight specimens from various localities have been exam-
ined, is nearly allied to, and possibly conspecific with C. curtata.
d Cranioleuca erythrops griseigularis (RIDGWAY): Similar to C. e. erythrops, but
foreneck and breast mouse gray instead of buffy brown, and median rectrices brighter
cinnamon rufous. Wing 68-69; tail 62-65; bill 12.5-13.
Material examined. — Colombia: Pueblo Rico i, Siat6 i, Loma Hermosa i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 123
Synallaxis erythrops (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,
p. 521 — Frontino.
Siptornis erythrops SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 60, 1890 — part, spec, f,
Frontino.
Siptornis erythrops griseigularis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1149 — Loma
Hermosa, Rio Jamaraya, Siat6 and Pueblo Rico (crit.); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 407, 1917 — San Antonio, Gallera and Ricaurte.
Range: Western Andes of Colombia.
*Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis (Lawrence}. LAWRENCE'S SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis rufigenis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 105, 1868 —
Costa Rica (=juv.); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 19 — Costa Rica.
Synallaxis erythrops (not of SCLATER) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
9, p. 105, 1868 — Barranca, Dota Mts., and Birris, Costa Rica; SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1870, p. 191 — Volcan de Chiriqui (crit.); BOUCARD, I.e., 1878, p. 59 —
Volcan de Irazu and Navarro, Costa Rica.
Siptornis erythrops SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 60, 1890 — part, spec, g-m,
Volcan of Chiriqui, Irazu, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 151, pi. 45, fig. i, 1891 — part, Costa Rica and Chiriqui;
FERRY, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Guayabo, Costa
Rica.
Siptornis rufigenis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 60, 1890 — Costa Rica;
SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 152, pi. 45, fig. 2,
1891 — Costa Rica (=juv.); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 43, 1902
— Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui (crit.).
Acrorchilus erythrops rufigenis CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 636, 1910 —
Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 184,
1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.).
Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui).
4: Costa Rica (Guayabo i, Juan Vifias i, unspecified i); Panama
(Boquete, Chiriqui i).
Cranioleuca pallida (Wiedy. WIED'S RUFOUS-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis pallidus WIED, Butr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 690, 1831 — "Campos
Geraes," southern Minas Geraes. Brazil.
Synallaxis pallida BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 41, 1856 — Novo
Friburgo; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 122,
1859 — Ypanema (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — Ypanema;
* I am quite unable to recognize this bird in Azara's No. 240, the basis of Sylvia
ruficollis of VIEILLOT (Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., II, p. 266, 1817). Apart
from other discrepancies, Azara's bird is described as having the four central rec-
trices blackish brown while in C. pallida the tail is uniform cinnamon rufous.
124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 382 — Novo Friburgo
(Rio), Mugy das Cruzes (Sao Paulo); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 18 —
Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.f 2, p.244, 1889 (note on type);
MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182, 1905 —
Caminho de Couto, Itatiaya, Prov. Rio de Janeiro.
Siptornis pallida SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 59, 1890 — Rio de Janeiro,
"Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul"; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 223, 1899 —
Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Novo Friburgo; HELLMAYR, Verh.
Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, p. 141, 1915 — Braco do Sul, Espirito Santo.
Cranioleuca pallida IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 235, 1907 — Victoria de
Botucatu, Villa Emma, and Campos de Jordao (Sao Paulo), Marianna
(Minas Geraes).
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo and southern
Minas Geraes (Marianna) to Sao Pauloft.
Cranioleuca vulpina vulpina (Pelzeln)b. RUSTY-BACKED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis vulpina PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
20 (i), p. 162, 1856 — Brazil; idem, I.e., 34, p. 122, 1859 — Rio Claro and
Guardamor (Goyaz), Engenho do Gama, Villa Maria [ = San Luis de Caceres],
and [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso (Matto Grosso), Rio Madeira0 (spec, exam-
ined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 37, 1868 — same localities; SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1874, p. 14 — part, Matto Grosso and Rio Madeira; idem, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 52, 1890 — part, spec, a, Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso;
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 506, 1908 — Ilha Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z; idem,
I.e., p. 529, 1908 — Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins (spec, examined).
Siptornis vulpina vulpina MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 75, 1906 — part, spec, c, Brazil (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
15, p. 61, 1908 — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz; idem, I.e., 17, p. 319, 1910 — Calama,
Rio Madeira (crit.).
Cranioleuca vulpina IHERING, Cat. F. .Braz., i, p. 234, 1907 — Barretos, Rio
Grande, Sao Paulo (spec, examined).
Siptornis vulpina GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 129 — opposite Rabicho, near Corumba,
Matto Grosso; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325, 1914 — Rio Tocan-
tins (Arumatheua), Rio Tapaj6z (Goyana).
• Six specimens (Espirito Santo 2, Rio i, Sao Paulo 3) examined. Koslowsky's
record of Siptornis pallida (Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 282, 1895) from Chilecito,
La Rioja, unquestionably refers to some other species.
b Cranioleuca vulpina vulpina (PELZELN) is nearly related to C. pallida, but^ dif-
fers by less conspicuous superciliaries; absence of grayish forehead; rufous b'ack,
tertials, and outer webs of remiges, etc. Birds from the Tapaj6z (Goyana) are iden-
tical with those from Matto Grosso, Sap Paulo, Goyaz and Calama. A single male
from the Tocantins (Arumatheua), by its paler, buffy brown rump, slightly points
to C. v. reiseri.
Material examined. — Matto Grosso: Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapor£ i, Villa
Maria i, Descalvados 3, San Lorenzo River i, Cuyabd i. Sao Paulo: Barretos, Rio
Grande 2. Goyaz: Guardamor i, Rio Araguaya i. Rio Madeira, Calama 3; Rio
Tapaj6z, Goyana 2; Rio Tocantins, Arumatheua i.
0 We designate Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore', Matto Grosso as type locality.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 125
Range: Interior of Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tocan-
tins to the Rio Madeira, south to Goyaz (Rio Araguaya, Rio Claro,
Guardamor), Matto Grosso, and northern Sao Paulo (Barretos, Rio
Grande).
Cranioleuca vulpina reiseri (Reichenberger)*. REISER'S RUSTY-BACKED
SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis vulpina reiseri REICHENBERGER, Anzeiger Orn. Ges. Bay., 6, p. 43,
June 1922 — Riacho da Raiz, below Uniao, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy (type
examined).
Synallaxis vulpina (not of PELZELN) REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Island near Sambaiba, Rio Sao Francisco, and
opposite Faz. Ingazeira, Rio Preto (Bahia), Parnagud and Riacho da Raiz,
near Uniao, Rio Parnahyba (Piauhy) (spec, examined).
Cranioleuca vulpina IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 9, p. 476, 1914 — Cidade da
Barra, Bahia (nest and eggs descr.) (spec, examined).
Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia (Rio Sao Francisco) and
Piauhy (Rio Parnahyba; Parnagud).
Cranioleuca vulpina alopecias (Pelzeln)b. NORTHERN RUSTY-BACKED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis alopecias PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 101, 122, 1859 — Rio Branco (types examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i,
p. 37, 1868 — Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco.
Synallaxis vulpina alopecias BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 59,
1902 — Altagracia, Ciudad Bolivar, Caicara, Maipures, R. Orinoco (spec,
examined).
Siptornis vulpina alopecias MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 76, 1906 — Upper Sarare, Venezuela (crit.); CHERRIE, Mus.
• Cranioleuca vulpina reiseri (REICHENBERGER) : Similar to C, v. vulpina, but
crown and mantle much lighter, tawny or cinnamon rufous rather than hazel; wings
and tail likewise paler; rump more fulvous or buffy; under parts buff, instead of
grayish or wood brown; throat hardly paler than the rest; cheeks and malar region
bright buff instead of white; under wing-coverts paler ochraceous. Wing 65-71;
tail 62-66; bill 12-13.5.
Material examined. — Bahia: Near Sambaiba i, Cidade da Barra 2, Rio Preto i.
Piauhy: Parnagud 2, Riacho da Raiz, below Uniao i.
b Cranioleuca vulpina alopecias (PELZELN) : Nearest to C. v. vulpina, but upper
back more or less suffused with brownish (male) or entirely brown (female), con-
trasting with hazel crown; rump and lower parts darker, more tinged with ochra-
ceous brown.
Birds from Venezuela (Orinoco Valley) agree well with the types. Three from
the north bank of the lower Amazon, in color of back, closely approach C. v. vulpina.
Material examined. — Brazil: Forte do Rio Branco (the types) 2, Monte Alegre
2, Rio Maecuru i. Venezuela, Rio Orinoco: Altagracia 9, Ciudad Bolivar 2, Caicara
4; upper Sarare i.
i26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 260, 1916 — from Ciudad Bolivar to beyond the
falls^ofjMaipures, R. Orinoco (nest and eggs descr.).
Acrorchilus alopecias STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 202, 1913 — Manimo
River, Orinoco Delta.
Siptornis vulpina* (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325,
1914 — part, Monte Alegre and Rio Maecuru (spec, examined).
Siptornis hyposticta (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 —
Monte Alegre (spec, examined).
Range: Northern Brazil, north of the Amazon (Monte Alegre, Rio
Maecuru, Rio Branco), and Venezuela (Orinoco valley from the delta
to beyond the falls of Maipures ; upper Sarare) .
Cranioleuca vulpina vulpecula (Sclater and Salvin)*. PERUVIAN
RUSTY-BACKED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis vulpecula SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Rio
Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Rio Ucayali.
Synallaxis vulpina (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- *4 — part,
"Upper Amazonia" = eastern Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pei., 2, p. 128, 1884
— Ucayali, Iquitos, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 52, 1890 — part,
spec, b-m, Iquitos, Lower and Upper Ucayali, Peru.
Siptornis vulpina vulpina MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 75, 1906 — part, spec, a, b, d, Pebas, Nauta, Peru.
Siptornis vulpina alopecias (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 13,
1908 — Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, and Monte Verde, Rio Purus (spec, examined) ;
idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325, 1914 — same localities.
Range: Eastern Peru (Rio Ucayali; Pebas, Iquitos, and Nauta,
Rio Marafion) and western Brazil (Rio Purds).
*Cranioleuca semicinerea (Reichenbach)b. PALE-HEADED SPINE-TAIL.
Leptoxyura semicinerea REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sit-
tinae, p. 170, pi. DXXI, fig. 3610, Aug. 1853 — Brazil, we suggest Bahia.
8 Cranioleuca vulpina vulpecula (SCLATER and SALVIN) : This insufficiently known
form appears to be intermediate between vulpina and alopecias, some specimens
being hardly distinguishable from the latter, while others come very near to vulpina.
A male from Iquitos has a very long bill, but examples from Nauta and Pebas do
not differ in this respect from alopecias. I have not seen any material from the
type locality (Ucayali). Four specimens from the Purus are inseparable from those
taken at Nauta.
Material examined. — Peru: Iquitos i, Pebas 2, Nauta 2. Brazil, Rio Purus:
Bom Lugar 2, Monte Verde i, Cachoeira i.
b This singular species which cannot be confused with any other had been re-
ferred to the genus Synallaxis, but despite Sclater's contrary assertion all of the
specimens examined possess twelve rectrices. In structural details it agrees
well with C. subcristata and also shows some analogy in coloration. Its proper place
is no doubt in Cranioleuca.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 127
Synallaxis caniceps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 98, Aug. 1856 — "Brazil"
= Bahia.
Synallaxis semicinerea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- I2 — Bahia, Brazil, and
"Valle Grande, Bolivia" (errore); SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 620 —
"Valle Grande, Bolivia," SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 49, 1890 —
Bahia and "Bolivia"; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 71, 1906 (record from "Valle Grande, Bolivia" shown to be
erroneous); IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 232, 1907 — Bahia.
Synallaxis semicinerea pallidiceps CORY, Auk, 36, p. 275, 1919 — Serra Baturite1,
Ceara.
Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Cearaa.
2: Brazil, Ceard (Serra Baturite" 2).
Cranioleuca obsolete (Reichenbach}b. RED-TAILED SPINE-TAIL.
Leptoxyura obsoleta REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae,
p. 171, pi. DXLIV, fig. 3715. Aug. 1853 — Brazil (type now in Vienna Museum
examined).
Synallaxis fitis PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34,
p. 123, March 1859 — Curytiba, Parand (types in Vienna Museum examined);
idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 38, 1868 — Curytiba.
Synallaxis ruticilla CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 27, Aug. 1859 —
"Buenos Ayres," errore (type examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 21 — "Montevideo" and Curytiba; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges.
Orn., 2, p. 144, 1885 — Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul.
Synallaxis obsoleta BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 42, 1856 (ex
REICHENBACH).
Siptornis ruticilla SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 62, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING,
Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 6, p. 352, 1905 — ItararS, Sao Paulo; DABBENE, El Hornero, i,
p. 265, 1919 — Puerto Segundo, Misiones.
Cranioleuca ruticilla IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 235, 1907 — Itarar^ and
Campos de Jordao (Sao Paulo), Marianna (Minas).
Acrorchilus ruticillus BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 52, 1914 — Puerto Bertoni,
Paraguay.
8 I do not see any difference between four Bahia skins and five from Ceara.
Regardless of locality, the tone of the crown and under parts is subject to much
individual variation.
b Cranioleuca obsoleta (REICHENBACH) : In general form not unlike C. pallida,
but with decidedly slenderer bill; crown grayish olive brown like the back, not
rufous; forehead streaked with buffy and dusky brown; under parts much paler,
with suggestion of a pale yellowish patch on lower throat. Wing 55-60; tail 60-64;
bill 13-14.
Material examined. — Parana: Curytiba 2. Rio Grande do Sul: Taquara i.
"Brazil" (type of L. obsoleta) i. "Montevideo" (type of S. ruticilla) i.
128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
• Siptornis obsolete HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 15, p. 141, 1915 (crit., diag.,
range); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 33, 1921 —
Affonso Penna and Antonio Olyntho, Parana.
Asthenes ruticilla MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 640, 1924 —
"Buenos Aires" (errore).
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Sao Paulo to Rio Grande do
Sul, according to Ihering also in States of Rio de Janeiro (Campos
de Jordao) and southern Minas Geraes (Marianna) ; northeastern Argen-
tina (Misiones), and adjacent parts of Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni)».
*Cranioleuca pyrrhophia pyrrhophia (Vieillot). STRIPED-CROWNED
SPINE-TAIL.
Dendrocopus pyrrhophius VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26, p. 118,
1818 — based on Azara No. 245, "Paraguay," we suggest Corrientes, Argentina.
Dendrocolaptes superciliosus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the
years 1818-19, P- 2°4» J82o — based on Azara No. 245, Paraguay.
Synallaxis striaticeps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — part, Corrientes (spec, examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage
AmeY. me"rid., Ois., p. 241, 1839 — part, Corrientes; BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn.,
8, p. 250, 1860 — Rio Quinto; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 469, 1861 — Rio
Quinto and Parand; STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 266, 1869 — Tablada
Vieja, near Buenos Aires (nest descr.); HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 544 —
Rio Negro; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, P- 2I — Argentina and Uruguay; DOERING,
Period. Zool. Arg., i, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; SALVIN,
Ibis, 1880, p. 358 — Salta; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, p. 47, 1881 —
between the Rio Colorado and the Rio Negro; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Cl., 8, p. 208, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay, Entrerios (spec, examined);
WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 39 — Cosquin, Cordoba; DALGLEISH, Proc.
Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 8, p. 80, 1884 — Tala, south bank of Rio Negro, Prov.
Durazno, Uruguay (eggs descr.); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 182,
1888 — part, Argentina, Uruguay; APLIN, Ibis, 1894, P- l&2 — Santa Elena,
Uruguay.
PUeocryptes striaticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 633 — Conchi-
tas, Prov. Buenos Aires.
Siptornis striaticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 63, 1890 — part, spec,
a-h, k, 1, Rio Negro, Conchitas, Mendoza, Cosquin (Cordoba), Salta, Pay-
sandu (Uruguay); KERR.Ibis, 1892, p. 132 — FortinDonovan,lowerPilcomayo;
SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — Tala, Salta;
LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p-454 — Tolomosa, near Tarija, Bolivia; LILLO, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Tapia, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc.
soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Tapia; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 —
Salta; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 330, 1914 (range in Argentina).
aThe localities "Buenos Aires" and "Montevideo," attached to the originals
of S. ruticilla are no doubt erroneous, as in the case of several other species described
from Sellow's expedition.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 129
Synallaxis heterocerca BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, p. 22, 1890 —
Cosquin, Cordoba (type examined).
Siptornis striaticeps striaticeps (errore) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc.
Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 78, 1906 — Corrientes; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov.
Zool., 16, p. 212, 1909 — Arenal and Metan (Salta), Rio Sao Francisco (Jujuy)
(spec, examined).
Cranioleuca striaticeps DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 296, 1910 —
Rio Negro, Cordoba, Tucuman, Salta, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Buenos
Aires, Entrerios.
Cranioleuca heterocerca DABBENE, I.e., p. 296, 1910 — Cosquin, Cordoba.
Siptornis striaticeps heterocerca HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 212,
1909 — Cosquin (Cordoba), La Soledad (Entrerios), Ceres and -Mocovi,
(Santa F6), Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires) (spec, examined).
Cranioleuca striaticeps striaticeps REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916 —
Precordillera of Mendoza.
Siptornis pyrrhophius pyrrhophius HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 256, 1921 —
Argentina (crit., range); GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja.
Asthenes striaticeps heterocerca TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Rio
Negro and Paysandii, Uruguay.
Siptornis pyrrhophius SERI£ and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, p. 48, 1923 — Santa
Elena, Entrerios.
Asthenes pyrrhophius pyrrhophius MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23,
p. 641, 1924 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires.
Range : Argentina (from the Rio Negro northward) ; Uruguay and
southeastern Bolivia (Dept. Tarija; Guanacos district, s. section of
Dept. Santa Cruz)a.
i: Argentina (Tucuman i).
*Cranioleuca pyrrhophia striaticeps (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny)*.
BOLIVIAN STRIPED-CROWNED SPINE-TAIL.
a Birds from eastern Argentina (Entrerios, Buenos Aires, Santa Fe") and Cordoba,
as a rule, have the two median rectrices for the greater part dusky, and the flanks
grayish brown or pale grayish, while the edges to the secondaries are light earthy
brown like the back. Two specimens, one from Corrientes (D'Orbigny) and
another from Mocovi (Santa F6), however, have the tail uniform cinnamon rufous.
In examples from northwestern Argentina (Tucuman, Salta, Jujuy) the dusky color
of the median rectrices is generally restricted to the apical third of the inner web,
though there is considerable variation. Some have, besides, the back tinged with
fulvous and the upper tail-coverts partly rufous, thus closely approaching striaticeps.
A single female from Guanacos (Prov. Cordillera, Bolivia) is clearly referable to
pyrrhophia, and not to striaticeps,
Material examined. — Uruguay 4; Argentina: Corrientes i; Entrerios, Concepcion
del Uruguay i, La Soledad 2; Buenos Aires 3; Cordoba, Cosquin 5; Santa F6,
Ocampo 2, Mocovi 2, Ceres 2, Rio Negro 2 ; Rio Pilcomayo i ; Mendoza i ; Tucumdn,
Tucuman 2, Tapia 3, Norco 2; Salta, Tala 6, Metan 2, Arenal i; Jujuy, Rio San
Francisco 2. Bolivia: Guanacos i.
b Cranioleuca pyrrhophia striaticeps (LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) : Similar to
C. p. pyrrhophia, but back more brownish and rump decidedly fulvous; tail including
130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Synallaxis striaticeps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — part, "Cochabamba" = Valle Grande (lectotype in Paris
Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me>id., Ois., p. 241, pi. 16,
fig. i, 1839 — part, Cochabamba and Valle Grande, Bolivia.
Siptornis striaticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 63, 1890 — part, spec, i, j,
Bolivia (spec, examined).
Siptornis striaticeps rufipennis MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 78, 1906 — Valle Grande (crit.).
Siptornis pyrrhophius striaticeps HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 256, 1921 —
Valle Grande, Tilotilo, Samaipata, Trigal, Chuquisaca, Bolivia (crit.).
Range: Andes of central Bolivia (in Dept. Cochabamba and
western sections of Santa Cruz and Chuquisaca) .
i: Bolivia (Parotani, Prov. Cochabamba i).
Cranioleuca pyrrhophia rufipennis (Sclater and Salvin)*. BUCKLEY'S
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis rufipennis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 620 — Tilotilo,
Bolivia (types examined).
Siptornis rufipennis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 63, 1890 — Tilotilo.
Range: Andes of western Bolivia (Tilotilo, Dept. La Paz.).
*Cranioleuca sulphurifera (Burmeister) . SULPHUR-THROATED SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis sulphurifera BURMEISTER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 636 — near Buenos
Aires; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1869, p. 632 — Conchitas; HUDSON and
SCLATER, I.e., 1872, p. 544, 548 — Rio Negro; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, P- 24 —
Buenos Aires and Rio Negro; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 180 — Buenos Aires;
idem, I.e., 1878, p. 61 — Belgrano (nest descr.); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Cl., 8, p. 208, 1883 — Concepcion, Entrerios; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg.
Orn., i, p. 185, 1888 (habits); GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 411 — Cape San Antonio,
Buenos Aires.
Siptornis sulphurifera SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 69, 1890 — Belgrano,
Punta Lara, Buenos Aires, Rio Negro; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool.,
upper coverts wholly cinnamon rufous; edges to secondaries rather more rufescent;
flanks more buffy brown.
In my review of D'Orbigny's types (Nov. Zool., 28, p. 257-8) I have explained
the reasons for restricting the term striaticeps to the Bolivian race.
Material examined. — Bolivia: Dept. Santa Cruz, Valle Grande i, Trigal i,
Samaipata i; Cochabamba, Parotani 2; Chuquisaca, Sucre i.
a Cranioleuca pyrrhophia rufipennis (SCLATER and SALVIN) : Differs from C. p.
striaticeps by deeper pinkish buff, more extensively streaked pileum, more fulvous
brown back, as well as deep cinnamon rufous tertials and outer webs of inner sec-
ondaries. Wing (two adults, the types) 66, 71; tail 74, 75; bill 15, 16.
Recent comparison in the British Museum shows the West Bolivian form to be
undoubtedly separable from striaticeps of Central Bolivia.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 131
16, p. 214, 1909 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 150 —
Los Ynglases, Aj6, Buenos Aires (juv. descr.).
Cranioleuca sulphurifera DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910
— Rio Negro, Buenos Aires, Entrerios.
Asthenes sulphurifera L^AGUERRE, El Hornero, 2, p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov.
Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 —
Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires.
Range: Eastern Argentina, from the Rio Negro north to Buenos
Aires and Entrerios (Concepcion del Uruguay).
2: Argentina (Avellaneda, Prov. Buenos Aires 2).
"Cranioleuca gutturata (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). D'ORBIGNY'S
SPINE-TAIL.
Anabates gutturatus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8,
cl. 2, p. 14, 1838 — Yuracares, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 62, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecuador.
Synallaxis hyposticta PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 102, 123, 1859 — Rio Negro, opposite Boavista (type in Vienna Museum
examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — Boavista; SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1874, p. 20, pi. 4, fig. 2 (fig. of type) — Rio Negro, Pebas (Peru),
Yuracares (Bolivia); SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 620 — Yuracares;
TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas, Peru; BARTLETT, I.e., p. 373 —
Elvira, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 136, 1884 — Yurimaguas, Sara-
yacu (Ecuador).
Siptornis hyposticta SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 61, 1890 — Pebas, Elvira
and Samiria (Peru), Sarayacu (Ecuador), Bogota (Colombia); BERLEPSCH
and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 60, 1902 — Munduapo and Nericagua (R. Orin-
oco), La Pricion (R. Caura), Venezuela (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 6, p. 435, 1905 — Rio Jurua; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 13,
1908 — Cachoeira, Rio Purus; idem, I.e., p. 506, 1908 — Villa Braga, R. Tapa-
j6z; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 261, 1916 — Munduapo,
Nericagua, La Union, La Pricion, Venezuela.
Siptornis gutturata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 76, 1906 — Yuracares (Bolivia) and Ecuador (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, p. 364, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira; BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 145,
1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; HELLMAYR, I.e., 17, p. 320,
1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 526, 1913 —
part, Tapaj6z and Tocantins; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325, 1914 —
Rio Tocantins (I. Pirunum), Tapaj6z (Villa Braga), Purus (Cachoeira);
HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 73, 1920 — San Gaban, Sierra
of Carabaya, Peru.
Cranioleuca gutturata IHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 235, 1907 — Rio Jurua.
Synallaxis peruviana CORY, Auk, 36, p. 274, 1919 — Moyobamba, Peru (=juv.).
Range: Northern Bolivia (Yuracares); eastern Peru (from Dept.
Loreto south to Amazonian slope of Sierra de Carabaya); northern
Brazil (southerly tributaries of the Amazon, from the Tocantins west
132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
to the Peruvian border ; Rio Negro) ; French Guiana (Rio Approuague) ;
southern Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura basin) ; eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo,
Sarayacu) and Colombia (native "Bogota"-collections)a.
i: Peru (Moyobamba i).
Cranioleuca mulleri (Hellmayr}b. MULLER'S SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis mulleri HELLMAYR, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 2, No. 21, p. i, 1911 — Fazenda
Nazareth, Mexiana Isl., Brazil; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak.Wiss.,
26, No. 2, p. 112, 120, 1912 — Isl. Mexiana and Monte Alegre (Curaxy),
Brazil; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325, 1914 — Monte Alegre, Obidos,
Rio Jamunda (Faro); idem, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 526, 1913 — same localities.
Range: Northern Brazil, Island of Mexiana, and north bank of
lower Amazon (Monte Alegre, Obidos, Rio Jamunda).
Genus SIPTORNOPSIS Cory.
Siptornopsis CORY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 150, 1919 — type by orig.
desig. Siptornis hypochondriacus SALVIN.
Siptornopsis hypochondriaca (Salmri)A. SALVIN'S SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis hypochondriacus SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 — Malea ( = Malca)
and Cajabamba, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru (type examined).
Range: Northern Peru, in Dept. Cajamarca (Malca, Cajabamba).
"Material examined. — Bolivia: Yuracares (the type) i. Peru: Moyobamba i,
San Gaban, Sierra of Carabaya i. Ecuador: Sarayacu 3. Colombia: "Bogota" 2.
Venezuela, Rio Orinoco: Munduapo i, Nericagua i, La Pricion, Caura River 5.
French Guiana: Ipousin i. Brazil: Boavista, Rio Negro i; Rio Madeira, Humay-
tha i, Calama i.
b Cranioleuca mulleri (HELLMAYR) : Nearest to, and agreeing with C. gutturata
in strong, elongated bill and coloration of wings and tail; but easily distinguished
by lacking the pale yellow chin spot; by much darker grayish or brownish olive
(instead of buff) under parts with quite different markings, each feather having a
dingy whitish subterminal band and a narrow dark brown apical margin, both
becoming evanescent abdominally, while the throat is whitish, edged with dusky
brown; less spotted forehead; much darker, more rufescent back, etc. Wing 65-74;
tail 63-73; bill 15-16.
Material examined. — Isl. Mexiana, Fazenda Nazareth 8, Monte Alegre i.
0 Siptornopsis resembles Cranioleuca in having twelve rectrices, but differs by its
much more elongated tail which is about \y£ times as long as wing.
d Siptornopsis hypochondriaca (SALVIN) : In general aspect like a gigantic edi-
tion of Synallaxis stictothorax, but without black and white streaks on the forehead,
and without rufous in the tail; superciliaries unstreaked white; dark gray markings
underneath much larger and chiefly confined to sides of breast and neck; flanks not
washed with fulvous; rump and upper tail-coverts hardly different from color of
back, etc. Wing (one male) 68.5; tail 95; bill 17.5.
Material examined. — Peru: Malca (the type) i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 133
Genus ASTHENES Reichenbach".
Asthenes REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae, p. 168,
1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 27) Synallaxis sordida LESSON.
Pseudosiptornis CORY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 150, 1919 — type Siptornis
ottonis BERLEPSCH.
Siptornoides CORY, I.e., p. 150, 1919 — type Synallaxis flammulata JARDINE.
Eusiptornoides CORY, I.e., p. 150, 1919 — type Synallaxis anthoides KING.
Asthenes pyrrholeuca pyrrholeuca ( Vieillot)*. FULVOUS-THROATED
SPINE-TAIL.
Sylvia pyrrholeuca VIEILLOT", Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., n, p. 277,
1817 — based on Azara No. 231, Paraguay.
Synallaxis sordida (not of LESSON) HOLLAND, Ibis, 1893, p. 487 — Santa Elena,
Entrerios (spec, examined).
Siptornis sordida GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 129 — Villa Oliva, Paraguay.
Asthenes sordida BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 52, 1914 — Paraguay.
Asthenes sordida MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 —
part, Entrerios.
Range: Northeastern Argentina (prov. of Santa Fe and Entrerios),
and Paraguay.
a This genus comprises a rather heterogeneous assemblage of species, exceedingly
variable in shape of bill, proportion of tail, form of rectrices and length of hind claw.
In fact, hardly two species are identical in structural details. While certain forms come
very close to Cranioleuca, others are remarkable for their broad, bluntly rounded
tail feathers, recalling Poecilurus TODD, which, however, has only ten rectrices. In
the sections Siptornoides and Eusiptornoides of Cory, on the other hand, the tail
feathers are decidedly attenuated or acuminate terminally. Similarly, the bill is
subject to much variation, and although there seems to be a wide gap between the
stout, short, strongly curved bill of A. patagonica and the slender, almost straight
bill of A. pyrrholeuca, yet A. baeri occupies an intermediate position. While the
arrangement as here presented is far from satisfactory, I must leave the treatment
of the genus to some one who has more time than I have been allowed to devote to
this complicated subject.
b Asthenes pyrrholeuca pyrrholeuca (VIEILLOT): Nearest to A. p. sordida, from
Chile, but upper parts very much deeper and more rufescent brown (about Brussels
brown, darkening to raw umber on crown) ; foreneck and chest more strongly shaded
with brownish; flanks and under tail-coverts brighter fulvous. Wing (two adult
females) 60-64; tail 82-88; bill 12-12.5.
The only specimens I have seen of this form are an adult female obtained by
Capt. T. J. Page in May 1860 at Santa F<§, Parana (U. S. Nat. Museum No. 20995)
and three skins, 9 ad., o71 juv., 9 juv., secured by A. Holland at Santa Elena, En-
trerios, in the British Museum. They are much darker above and below than A. p.
flavogularis, of Patagonia, and closely approach the Chilean race.
0 Azara's account, the basis of Vieillot's name, unquestionably refers to the pres-
ent bird, and not to A. baeri, which is likewise found in the region explored by the
Spanish naturalist. Azara not only insists upon the large rufous patch at the base
of the remiges and the straight, compressed bill, two of the most striking characters
of the sordida group, but also gives a very accurate description of the tail, stating
134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Asthenes pyrrholeuca flavogularis (Gould}*. GOULD'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis flavogularis GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 78, pi. 24, 1839 —
Bahia Blanca (Prov. Buenos Aires) and Santa Cruz, Patagonia (type ex-
amined).
Synallaxis brunnea GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 78, 1839 — Port Desire,
Patagonia (type in British Museum examined; = pullus).
Synallaxis sordida (not of LESSON) HUDSON and SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872,
P- 543, 548 — Rio Negro, part; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 23 — part, Conchitas,
Rio Negro, Port Desire, Santa Cruz, Patagonia; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 35
— Chubut; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 396 — Chubut; WITHINGTON, I.e., 1888, p. 467 —
Lomas de Zamora, B. Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i,p. 184, 1888 —
part; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 68, 1890 — part, spec, i, k, m-q,
Buenos Aires, Rio Negro, Patagonia; BURMEISTER, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,
3. P- 31?, 1890 — Rio Chico del Chubut; ARRIBALZAGA, I.e., 8, p. 164, 1902 —
Lago General Paz, Chubut.
Synallaxis flavigularis DOERING, Inf. ofic. Exped. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 45,
1881 — part, Rio Colorado and Rio Negro, as far up as the mouth of the Rio
Neuquen (crit.).
Cranioleuca sordida DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 298, 1910 —
part, Buenos Aires, Patagonia.
Siptornis sordida flavigularis HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 213,
1909 — Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires) and Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut
(spec, examined); PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 317, 1923 — Huanu-
luan and Maquinchao, Rio Negro (spec, examined).
Asthenes sordida flavigularis PEREYRA, El Hornero, 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya,
Prov. Buenos Aires.
Range : Patagonia, from Buenos Aires south to Santa Cruz.
Asthenes pyrrholeuca affinis (Berlepsck)b. TUCUMAN SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis sordida affinis BERLEPSCH, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 98, 1906 — Los
Vasquez, Tucuman (type examined); idem, Ornis, 14, p. 364, 1907 — same
locality; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 212, 1909 — Tucuman and La
that the median rectrices exceed the lateral ones by twenty-one French lines ( = about
45 mm.). This agrees exactly with the proportions of A. pyrrholeuca and allies, while
in A. baeri the distance between the longest and shortest rectrices is much less,
being not more than 22 to 28 mm.
* Asthenes pyrrholeuca flavogularis (GOULD): Similar to A. p. sordida, but upper
parts much paler, grayish or hair brown rather than deep earthy brown; under sur-
face of body likewise paler, with the abdomen more whitish ; gular spot on average
larger and darker. Wing 59-64; tail 78-87; bill 11-12.5.
Material examined. — Buenos Aires: Conchitas i, Barracas al Sud i ; Rio Negro i,
Maquinchao 4, Huanuluan 14; Chubut 3, Valle del Lago Blanco 5; Port Desire i,
Santa Cruz i.
b Asthenes pyrrholeuca affinis (BERLEPSCH): Closely similar to A. p. flavogularis,
but decidedly darker brown above, though not so deeply colored as A. p. sordida;
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 135
Rioja (Chilecito) (spec, examined); SANZIN, El Hornero, I, p. 150, 1918 —
Chacras Coria, Mendoza; GIACOMELLI, I.e., 3, p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja.
Synallaxis sordida (not of LESSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 23 — part,
Mendoza; GOSSE in Fitzgerald, The Highest Andes, p. 346, 1899 — Puente del
Inca, Mendoza.
Synallaxis flavigularis (not of GOULD) DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i,
Zool., p. 45, 1881 — part, Tafi (Tucuman) and (?) Cordoba (crit.).
Siptornis sordida SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 68, 1890 — part, spec, h,
Mendoza.
Siptornis orUgnii (errore) KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 282, 1895 —
Chilecito, La Rioja (spec, now in Tring Museum examined).
Siptornis affinis DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 331, 1914 — Mendoza.
Range: Northwestern Argentina, in provinces of Mendoza, La
Rioja, and Tucuman.
*Asthenes pyrrholeuca sordida (Lesson). CHILEAN FULVOUS-THROATED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis sordida LESSON*, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 105, 1839 — Chile; GERMAIN, Proc.
Boston Soc. N. H., 7, p. 310, 1861 — Santiago (nest descr.); PELZELN, Reise
Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865— Chile; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p.
324 — Chile.
Synallaxis flavogularis (not of GOULD) FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., 12, p. 157, 1844
—Chile.
Siptornis sordida SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 68, 1890 — part, spec, a-f,
Chile.
Siptornis sordida sordida BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 182, 1923 —
Cordillera of Aconcagua; idem, 1. c., 28, p. 34, 1924 — San Bernardo; PETERS,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 317, 1923 — Bariloche, Lake Nahuel Huapi,
Rio Negro (spec, examined.)
Range: Chile, from Prov. Aconcagua south to Llanquihue* (Rio
Aysen), and eastern slope of the Andes in the Argentine Province ,of
Rio Negro (Lake Nahuel Huapi) b.
under parts as in flavogularis, but gular spot more restricted. Wing 60-66; tail
83-97; bill 12-13.
This is rather an ill-defined race of which I should like to see a better series.
Birds from Mendoza (Tunuyan) are somewhat smaller than those from Tucuman.
Material examined. — Tucuman: Los Vasquez 2, Norco i. La Rioja: Chilecito i.
Mendoza: Tunuyan 3.
8 Although Lesson's diagnosis is hardly identifiable, I follow general custom in
adopting his name for the Chilean Spine-tail with wholly rufous lateral rectrices.
b Birds from Lake Nahuel Huapi appear to be identical with the Chilean ones.
Material examined. — Chile: Santiago 2, Rio Lolen 4, Lake Gualletue" 2, Rio
Nireguao 2, unspecified 4. Argentina: Gob. del Rio Negro, Bariloche 4.
136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
8: Chile (Prov. Cautin, Rio Lolen, Lonquimai Valley 4, Lake
Gualletue" 2; Prov. Llanquihue, Rio Nireguao 2).
Asthenes baeri (Berlepsck)*. BAER'S SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis baeri BHRLEPSCH, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 99, 1906 — Cosquin, Cor-
doba (type examined); idem, Ornis, 14, p. 363, 1907 — Cordoba, La Soledad
(Entrerios) and Tucuman; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 213,
1909 — Cosquin (Cordoba), La Soledad (Entrerios), Rio Santiago (La Plata),
Tapia (Tucuman), Valle de Lerma (Salta) (spec, examined); LILLO, Apunt.
Hist. Nat., i, p. 24, 1909 — Tucuman; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65,
p. 316, 1923 — Rio Colorado (crit.; spec, examined); GIACOMELLI, El Hornero,
3, p. 73, 1923 — Chilecito, La Rioja.
Synallaxis flavogularis (not of GOULD) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250,
1860 — Mendoza (spec, in Halle Museum examined); idem, Reise La Plata St.,
2, p. 468, 1861 — Mendoza.
Synallaxis humicola (not of KITTLITZ) DOERING, Period. Zool. Arg., i, p. 253,
• 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes.
Synallaxis sordida (not of LESSON) HUDSON and SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872,
P- 543t 548 — Rio Negro, part; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool.,
p. 44, 1881— Rio Colorado, Cordoba, Tafi (Tucuman) (crit.); WHITE, P. Z. S
Lond. 1 883, p. 39 — Cosquin, Cordoba (spec, examined); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt.
Orn. Cl., 8, p. 208, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay, Entrerios (spec, exam-
ined); GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 281 — Paysandu, Uruguay.
Siptornis sordida SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 68, 1890 — part, spec, g, j,
1, r, Cosquin, Rio Negro, Uruguay (spec, examined); BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223,
1904 — Santa Ana, Tucuman (spec, examined).
Synallaxis orbignii (not of REICHENBACH) SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 358 — Salta (spec,
examined).
Siptornis orbignii SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 65, 1890 — part, spec, c, f,
Cosquin and Salta (spec, examined).
Range: Argentina, from the Rio Negro and Mendoza north to
Tucuman and Salta in the west, and Corrientes and Entrerios in the
east, including the adjacent portion of Uruguay (Paysandti)b.
*" Asthenes baeri (BERLEPSCH): Superficially resembling A. pyrrholeuca, but im-
mediately recognizable by much shorter and stouter, strongly curved bill with light
colored mandible, and shorter, much less graduated tail, the distance between the
median and outermost rectrix not exceeding 22-28 mm.; superciliaries much broader
and, like sides of neck, conspicuously grayish; rufous wing band either absent or
but faintly suggested, very rarely so well pronounced as in A. pyrrholeuca; tail
feathers decidedly narrower, etc. Wing 61-66; tail 67-73; bill 10-11.
Material examined. — Argentina, Entrerios: Concepcion i, Rio Uruguay i, La
Soledad 2. Cordoba: Cosquin 7. Mendoza: near Mendoza i. Gob. del Rio Negro:
Rio Negro 2, Rio Colorado 3. Tucuman: Rio Sali 2, Santa Ana 2. Salta: Valle de
Lerma i, Salta i.
b Although a perfectly distinct species, A. baeri has so variously been confused
by authors with A. sordida, A. pyrrholeuca, A. flavogularis, and even A. d'orbignyi,
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 137
*Asthenes pudibunda (Sclater)*. FAWN-THROATED SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis pudibunda SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 445, pi. 58, fig. i —
Obraillo, near Canta, Dept. Lima, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., p. 527 — Obraillo;
idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 142, 1884 — Obraillo.
Siptornis pudibunda SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 67, 1890 — Peru; BER-
LEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 70, 1906 — Coracora, Dept. Ayacucho.
Siptornis orbignii neglecta CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 340,
1916 — Macate, Dept. Ancachs.
Range: Western Cordillera of Peru (in depts. of Ancachs, Lima,
and Ayacucho) .
5: Peru (Matucana, Dept. Lima i; Macate, Dept. Ancachs 4).
Asthenes heterura (Berlepsch)b. IQUICO SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis heterura BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 93, 1901 — Iquico, Bolivia.
Range: Western Bolivia (Iquico, Illimani, Dept. La Paz).
Asthenes ottonis (Berlepscti)0. GARLEPP'S SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis ottonis BERLEPSCH, Ornis, n, p. 197, 1901 — Anta, near Cuzco, Peru
that it is utterly impossible to allocate many of the earlier references without re-
examination of the specimens upon which they were based.
Synallaxis d'orbignii of SCLATER (P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 461 — Cordoba),
and LILLO (Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902, and Rev. letr. cienc. soc.,
3, p. 52, 1905 — Rio Sali, Tucuman), Siptornis sordida of SALVADORI (Boll. Mus. Zool.
Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 19, 1897— Salta), and Siptornis orbignyi of MARELLI (El
Hornero, I, p. 78, 224, 1918-19 — Curuzii-Cuatia, Corrientes) are more likely to be
referable to A . baeri than to any other species.
M. LILLO (Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905) lists a supposed new species
Siptornis leptasthenur aides from Norco, Tucuman, stating that it belongs to Sclater's
fourth section of the genus, typified by S. sordida, but differs by its much longer
tail, composed of much narrower, acuminate rectrices. From this insufficient descrip-
tion it is impossible to form an opinion as to its validity, and more information is
urgently desired.
'•Asthenes pudibunda, a strongly marked species, needs no further comment.
The figure published by P. L. Sclater shows its characters very well.
I am unable to separate S. o. neglecta from the Matucana bird (almost topo-
typical), though the latter, owing to its worn plumage, is slightly paler beneath with
the throat spot of a clearer rufous. In all of our specimens the six inner rectrices are
more or less edged with dusky on the inner web.
b Asthenes heterura (BERLEPSCH): Nearly allied to A. pudibunda, but rectrices
acuminate and acutely pointed (instead of bluntly rounded), and only the four
inner ones dusky on inner web; under parts pale fulvous, the flanks washed with
rufous; throat spot pale buff, etc. Wing 59; tail 82.5. (Translated from the German
original.)
We are not acquainted with this species.
0 Asthenes ottonis (BERLEPSCH): A very peculiar species, perhaps most nearly
related to A. pudibunda, but rectrices much narrower, the middle pair much more
elongated, while only the submedian pair is edged with dusky along the inner web;
forehead cinnamon rufous, with the anterior feathers somewhat stiffened; very dis-
tinct superciliary streak buff ; large gular spot ochraceous or buff, passing into white
138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
(type examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 84, 1921 — Huara-
condo Canyon and Cuzco, Peru.
Pseudosiptornis ottonis CORY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 153, 1919 (diag.).
Range: Southeastern Peru (Anta, Lucre, Urcos, Cuzco, Huara-
condo^Canyon, Dept. Cuzco).
Asthenes patagonica (D'Orbigny)*. PATAGONIAN SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis patagonica D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame"r. me'rid., Ois., p. 249, 1839 —
Rio Negro, Patagonia (types in Paris Museum examined); HUDSON and
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 544, 548 — Rio Negro; SCLATER, I.e., 1874,
p. 24 — Rio Negro; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 36 — Chubut; DOERING, Inf. of.
Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 44, 1881 — banks of the Rio Colorado; HUDSON,
Ibis, 1885, p. 285 — Rio Negro (habits); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn.,
I, p. 1 86, 1888 — Patagonia.
Siptornis patagonica SCLATER, Cat..B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 69, 1890 — Rio Negro
and Chubut; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19,
p. 80, 1906 — Rio Negro; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 268, 1921 — Rio Negro
(crit., range); PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 316, 1923 — San Antonio,
Gulf of San Matias, Gob. Rio Negro.
Cranioleuca patagonica DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 198, 1910 —
Rio Negro and Chubut.
Range: Argentina, from the Rio Colorado south to the Chubut.
*Asthenes modesta australis subsp. nov.b. CHILEAN SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis modesta (not of EYTON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile;
at the base of the feathers; foreneck and breast pale buffy grayish, indistinctly
streaked with whitish ; middle of abdomen white, flanks and under tail-coverts bright
buffy brown. Wing 57-59; tail 93-105; bill 12-13.
I do not see any practical purpose in the recognition of a genus Pseudosiptornis.
The only character consists of the narrower, more elongated rectrices, while in all
other respects A. ottonis agrees pretty well with A. pyrrholeuca.
Material examined. — Peru: Anta 2, Lucre i, Urcos i, Huaracondo Canyon i.
• Asthenes patagonica is another isolated species, recognizable by its very short,
stout bill, proportionately short tail with some rufous only on outer web of outermost
rectrix, and black, white streaked gular spot.
Material examined. — Rio Negro 2, Puerto San Antonio 2, Rio Limay i.
b Asthenes modesta australis subsp. nov.
Type from Bafios del Toro, alt. 10,600 ft., Prov. Coquimbo, Chile in Field Mu-
seum of Natural History, No. 54178. Adult male. November 12, 1923 C. C.
Sanborn.
Similar to A. m. modesta (EYTON), but smaller; upper parts much more grayish
brown, wing-coverts less washed with rufescent, and lower surface much paler and
less buffy. Wing 63-68; tail 65-71; bill 14-16.
Two specimens from near Domeyko are somewhat paler, both above and below,
than those from Coquimbo and Santiago. I strongly suspect that the Argentine
birds will ultimately prove to be separable on account of their more grayish upper
and paler, less buffy under parts. Unfortunately, the Chilean series examined is
not quite satisfactory, many of the specimens being either in very worn plumage or
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 139
idem and HUDSON, I.e., 1872, p. 544, 548 — Rio Negro, Patagonia; SCLATER,
I.e., 1874, p. 23 — Rio Negro, Chile*; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i,
Zool., p. 47, 1881 — Pichi-Mahuida, Rio Colorado, and Rio Negro; SCLATER
and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 183, 1888 — Patagonia.
Siptornis modesta SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 66, 1890 — part, spec, a-j,
Chile, Mendoza, Rio Negro.
Cranioleuca modesta DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 298, 1910 —
Rio Negro, Mendoza, Cordoba; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916 —
San Rafael, Mendoza.
Siptornis modesta hilereti (not of OUSTALET) DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 331,
1914 — Mendoza; SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Mendoza.
Siptornis modesta modesta PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 317, 1923 —
Huanuluan, Rio Negro (spec, examined); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.,
25, p. 182, 1923 — Cerro del la Virgen (Los Andes), Rio Blanco, Prov. Acon-
cagua.
Range : Chile, from southern Atacama (Domeyko, 63 kilom. south
of Vallenar) to Santiago, and Argentina (in provinces of Mendoza, Cor-
doba, Rio Negro, Chubut, and southern Buenos Aires).
5: Chile (Domeyko, Prov. Atacama 2; Baiios del Toro, Prov.
Coquimbo 3).
*Asthenes modesta modesta (Eyton). EYTON'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis modestus EYTON, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 159, pi. 81 — "I believe it was
from Bolivia" (type in British Museum examined) b.
Siptornis modesta sajamae BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 94, 1901 — Esperanza
(type) and Sajama, Dept. Oruro, Bolivia; idem and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13,
p. 128, 1906 — Puno and Pichacani, Lake Titicaca, Peru; MENEGAUX, Bull.
Soc. Philom. Paris, (10) I, p. 216, 1909 — Pulacayo, Oruro.
Synallaxis modesta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1886, p. 398 — Sacaya and Sitana,
Prov. Tarapaca (spec, examined).
Siptornis modesta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1891, p. 135 — Sacaya, Tarapacd;
LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Cerro de Malamala, Prov.
Tucuman.
Siptornis hilereti OUSTALET, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 44, 1904 — Laguna del
tPelado and Lara, Prov. Tucuman (types in Paris Museum examined) ; BAER,
faded through age. The example from Potrerillos certainly belongs here and not to
"hilereti."
Material examined. — Chile: Domeyko, Atacama 2; Banos del Tpro, Coquimbo 3;
Santiago 3. Argentina: Mendoza (Potrerillos) i, Huanuluan 5, Rio Negro 2, Valle
del Lago Blanco, Chubut 2, Ventana, Prov. Buenos Aires i.
» Sclater also refers Synallaxis flavogularis of BURMEISTER (Reise La Plata St.,
2, p. 468) to A. modesta. One of the original examples (from Mendoza) examined
in the Halle Museum belongs, however, to A . baeri.
b The specimen (B. M. No. 81.2.18.177) which, in color of throat and under tail-
coverts, corresponds to original description and figure, agrees with a series, including
two topotypes, of A . m. sajamae, the latter becoming thus, a synonym of S. modesta.
The second example of EYTON'S proves to be referable to A. m. rostrata.
140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — same localities; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3,
p. 52, 1905 — Cerro de Malamala, Tucuman.
Siptornis modestus hilereti HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 213, 1909 —
Lara and Cerro Mufioz, Tucumdn.
Cranioleuca hilereti DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 297, 1910 —
Cerros de Malamala and Munoz.
Range: Northern Chile (in provinces of Antofagasta, Tarapaca,
and Tacna), northwestern Argentina (in provinces of Tucuman and
Jujuy), western Bolivia (Dept. Oruro), and adjacent portion of the
Peruvian Department of Puno (Puno and Tirapata, Titicaca basin)8.
ii : Chile (Prov. Tacna, Putre 3, Choquelimpie 4; Prov.
Antofagasta, Rio Inacaliri 3) ; Argentina (Cerro Laguna Colorada, Mai-
mara, Jujuy i).
Asthenes modesta rostrata (Berlepsck)b. COCHABAMBA SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis humilis CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 319, 1873 — part, female from
Junin (spec, now in Frankfort Museum, Berlepsch Coll., examined).
Siptornis modesta rostrata BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 94, 1901 — Vacas,
Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia (type examined).
Siptornis modesta proximo CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 83, 1921 —
Tica-Tica, near Cuzco (type), La Raya, and Junin (spec, examined).
Siptornis humilis (not of CABANIS) BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond. ,
1896, p. 373 — Ingapirca, Junin (spec, examined).
Range: Central and southeastern Peru (in depts. of Junin and
Cuzco), and Sierra of Cochabamba, in Bolivia.
B Birds from the Titicaca basin (Tirapata and Puno) are perfectly identical with
others from Oruro. A series from northern Chile averages slightly lighter (more
sandy) above, while wings and tail are perhaps a trifle longer. Two topotypes of
5. hilereti and an adult from Jujuy (Maimara) are indistinguishable.
The coloration of the guttural spot, used for the discrimination of local forms,
varies in A. m. modesta as well as in the other races, between almost white and deep
cinnamon rufous. This variation appears to be purely individual, although it might
be that the pale throated type predominates in the female sex.
Material examined. — Peru, Dept. Puno: Puno 2, Tirapata 6. Bolivia: Oruro 4,
Esperanza 2. Chile: Putre, Tacna 2, Choquelimpie, Tacna 4, Sacaya, Tarapaca 2,
Rio Inacaliri, Antofogasta 3. Argentina: Tucuman, Lara 2, Cerro Mufioz 4; Jujuy,
Maimara i.
b Asthenes modesta rostrata (BERLEPSCH): Similar to A. m. modesta, but upper
parts darker, Saccardo's umber rather than buffy or sandy brown; wing-coverts less
rufescent; wing band darker, hazel instead of cinnamon rufous; foreneck and chest
slightly more variegated with whitish streaks and dusky freckles. Wing 64-71;
tail 68-79; bill 13-5-15-
I do not see how A . m. proxima can be separated from A . m. rostrata, in spite of
the apparent gap existing between their ranges. While absolutely alike in colora-
tion, Peruvian birds have the wing? very slightly shorter.
Material examined. — Peru: Junin 2, Ingapirca i, Tica-Tica, near Cuzco i, La
Raya Pass 5. Bolivia: Vacas i, Putuyuni 8, Cerro San Benito, Dept. Cochabamba i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 141
*Asthenes humilis humilis (Cabanis)*. CAB ANIS'S SPOTTED-BACKED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis humilis CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 319, 1873 — Maraynioc (part,
male; type in Berlin Museum examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 23
— Junin; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., p. 527 — Maraynioc; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 138,
1 884 — Maraynioc.
Siptornis marayniocensis SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 — Cajabamba and
Huamachuco (nom. nud.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 373 — Hacienda de Queta (near Tarma) and Canchacso, Dept. Junin.
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru, in depts. of Caja-
marca (Cajamarca, Cajabamba, Santiago), Libertad (Huamachuco) ,
Hudnuco, and Junin (Junin, Queta, Maraynioc, Canchacso).
9: Peru (Junin i, Huanuco Mts., Hudnuco 8).
Asthenes humilis robusta (Berlepsck)b. BOLIVIAN SPOTTED-BACKED
SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis marayniocensis robusta BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 95, 1901 —
Iquico, Illimani, Andes of La Paz, Bolivia (type examined).
(?) Siptornis humilis (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 67,
1890 — Bolivia.
Range: Western Bolivia (Mount Illimani, Andes of La Paz).
*Asthenes d'orbignyi arequipae (Sclater and Salvin}0. BLACK-WINGED
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis arequipae SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 417 — Arequipa,
a Asthenes humilis humilis (CABANIS): Easily distinguished from A. modesta
rostrata (BERLEPSCH) by having the crown and back heavily spotted with black;
by lacking the ochraceous buff tinge on the flanks, and by the coloration of the tail.
The inner rectrices are narrowly edged with pale brown, while only the extreme api-
cal portion of the two lateral pairs is shaded or clouded with pale pinkish cinna-
mon. In A. modesta rostrata, on the other hand, all of the rectrices are broadly edged
with bright cinnamon rufous exteriorly, and on the two lateral ones there is an
extensive apical area of the same color, abruptly defined against the blackish basal
portion. Wing 67-75; tail 62-75; bill 13-15.
Thanks to the courtesy of Dr. E. Stresemann, I was enabled to directly compare
the (male) type of S. humilis, belonging to the Berlin Museum with several exam-
ples from northern Peru, collected by O. T. Baron and identified as S. marayniocensis
by the late Count Berlepsch. There can be no question about their specific identity.
Furthermore, I examined, in the Berlepsch Collection, the female from Junin, re-
ceived by the Count from J. Cabanis under the name of 5. humilis, and found it,
like one of Kalinowski's specimens from Ingapirca, to be referable to A . modesta ros-
trata, which accounts for his redescribing true A. humilis as 5. marayniocensis
Material examined. — Junin: Maraynioc (the type) i, Junin 3. Hudnuco: Hudn-
uco Mts. 8. Libertad: Humachuco 3. Cajamarca: Cajamarca 7, Santiago i.
b Asthenes humilis robusta (BERLEPSCH): Similar to A. h. humilis, but larger;
guttural spot larger and paler; foreneck and sides of throat more heavily marked
with blackish; dark spotting above less conspicuous; inner rectrices edged with
grayish. Wing (male) 76, (female) 72.5; tail 70-73.5; bill 15.5-16.5.
0 Asthenes d'orbignyi arequipae (SCLATER and SALVIN): Differs principally from
A. d. d'orbignyi by lacking the large cinnamon rufous patch on the wing, the remiges
142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Peru (type examined); SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 23 — Arequipa; TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. P6r., 2, p. 66, 1884 — Arequipa.
Synallaxis orbignii (not of REICHENBACH) SCLATER and SALVIN, P Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 986 — Arequipa.
Siptornis arequipae SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 66, 1890 — Arequipa;
HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 115, 1917 — Sajama (diag.).
Range: Andes of southern Peru (Arequipa), northern Chile (Putre,
Prov. Tacna), and western Bolivia (Sajama, Dept. Oruro).
3: Chile (Putre, Prov. Tacna 3).
Asthenes d'orbignyi consobrina subsp. nov.». LA PAZ SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis humicola (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.,
i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 24, 1837 — La Paz, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage
Ame"r. me"rid., Ois., p. 245, 1839 — part, La Paz.
Synallaxis orbignii (not of REICHENBACH) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 621 — part, valley of La Paz.
Siptornis arequipae (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28,
p. 263 (in text), 1923 — part, La Paz.
Range: Northwestern Bolivia (Andes of La Paz).
*Asthenes d'orbignyi d'orbignyi (Reichenbach). D'ORBIGNY'S RUFOUS-
THROATED SPINE-TAIL.
Bathmidura d'orbignyi REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae,
p. 163, 1853 — based on Synallaxis humitola D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame>. me'rid.,
Ois., pi. 17, fig. 2, Palca, Prov. Ayupaya, Dept. Cochabambab (type in Paris
Museum examined).
Synallaxis humicola (not of KITTLITZ) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. mend., Ois.,
p. 245 pi. 17, fig. 2, 1839 — part, Cochabamba, Palca; BURMEISTER, Journ.
being sooty black down to the very base; by the larger upper wing-coverts and ter-
tials being blackish, narrowly margined with pale (rufescent) brown, instead of cin-
namon rufous for their greater portion; darker brown back; larger size, especially
heavier bill. Wing (six males) 68-74; tail 73-79; bill 13-14.
Material examined. — Peru: Arequipa 3. Bolivia, Oruro: Sajama 2. Chile, Tacna:
Putre 3-
• Asthenes d' 'orbignii consobrina subsp. nov.
Type in Carnegie Museum No. 81561. Adult male, La Paz, Bolivia, alt. 3,400
metr., September 26, 1920. Jose" Steinbach.
Nearest to, and agreeing with A. d. arequipae in uniform sooty black remiges;
but considerably smaller, with slenderer bill; edges to tertials and larger upper wing-
coverts broader and more rufescent; cinnamomeous gular spot much smaller, half
concealed by the long silky white tips; tawny area on flanks much more restricted;
tail with less rufous, this color being confined to the outer, and extreme base of the
inner web on the outermost, and to the extreme base of both webs on the penulti-
mate rectrix. Wing 62-66; tail 67-72; bill 13.
Remarks. — While agreeing with A. d. arequipae in black wings, this form has
the wing-coverts and tertials more conspicuously margined with brown, thereby
pointing to A . d. d'orbignyi which it also approaches in lesser size and smaller, semi-
concealed gular spot.
Material examined. — Bolivia: La Paz 4, Guaqui, La Paz 3, unspecified i.
b See HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 114, footnote i, 1917.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 143
Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — part, Mendoza (spec, in Halle Museum examined);
idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 468, 1861 — part, Mendoza8.
Synallaxis crassirostris (LANDBECK MS.) LEYBOLD, Journ. Orn., 13, p. 401, 1865
— Melocoton, Rio Tunuyan, Prov. Mendoza.
Synallaxis orbignii SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 22 — Palca (Bolivia), Men-
doza; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 621 — part, Palca; SCLATER and
HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 183, 1888 — part, northern Argentina.
Siptornis orbignii SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 65, 1890 — part, spec, a,
b, e, g-i, Mendoza, "Pampas," "Parana," Bolivia (spec, examined).
Siptornis d'orbignyi MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, P- 79. I9°6 — Ayupaya and Cochabamba; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov.
Zool., 16, p. 213, 1909 — Jujuy; HELLMAYR, I.e., 28, p. 263, 1921 — Ayupaya,
Cochabamba.
Siptornis orbignyi SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897
— Tala, Salta; LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 454 — San Luis, Tarija.
Siptornis d'orbignyi crassirostris HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 116,
1917 — Mendoza (crit.).
Range: Eastern Andes of Bolivia, in depts. of Cochabamba (Paro-
tani, Cochabamba), Santa Cruz (Valle Grande), Chuquisaca (Palca,
Sucre), and Tarija, and western Argentina (in prov. of Jujuy, Salta,
Mendoza) b.
4: Bolivia (Parotani i); Argentina, Prov. Jujuy (Maimara 3).
Asthenes berlepschi (Hellmayr)°. BERLEPSCH'S SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis berlepschi HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 113, 1917 — Chicani,
Dept. La Paz, Bolivia.
Range: Northern Bolivia (Chicani, north slope of the Cordillera
Real, Dept. La Paz).
"The locality "Parand," mentioned by D'Orbigny and Burmeister, refers, of
course, to some other species. There are no specimens from this place either at Paris
or at Halle.
b Birds from Cochabamba, Santa Cruz (Valle Grande), and Chuquisaca agree
perfectly together. A series from Argentina and Tarija are, on average, somewhat
more rufescent above, though the divergency is insignificant. The supposed char-
acters of the Mendoza form (crassirostris) prove to be unreliable.
Material examined. — Bolivia, Cochabamba: Parotani i, Cochabamba 5; Santa
Cruz, Valle Grande i; Palca, Ayupaya i, Chuquisaca [ = Sucre] 3; Tarija,
Tarija 2. Argentina, Prov. Jujuy: Maimara 3, Tilcara i, Tacoraita i; Mendoza 2.
0 Asthenes berlepschi (HELLMAYR) : Nearly related to A . d. d'orbignyi and A . d. are-
quipae. Agrees with the former in possessing an extensive deep cinnamon rufous
band across the basal portion of the remiges, but differs by larger size, stouter bill,
less rufous wing-coverts and tertials which are blackish, broadly edged with rufescent
brown, as in A. d. consobrina, and by lacking the cinnamomeous gular spot. From
A. d. arequipae and A. d. consobrina it may be distinguished, in addition to the last-
named character, by lacking the cinnamon rufous patch on the lesser wing-coverts,
and by the wide rufous basal band of the remiges. In size it closely approaches
A. d. arequipae. Wing (four adult males) 69-70; tail 70-74; bill 14.5-15.33.
This is probably also a geographical race of A . d'orbignyi, but until we know more
about its distribution, it would be unsafe to employ trinomial nomenclature.
144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Asthenes humicola humicola (Kittlitz). BLACK-TAILED SPINE-TAIL.
Synnalaxis (sic) humicola KITTLITZ, Me"m. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., (sav. £tr.), i,
livr. 2, p. 185, 1830 — near Valparaiso, Chile; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus.
Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 15, 1921 (note on type).
Synallaxis humicola D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame"r. me'rid., Ois., p. 245, 1839 —
part, Valparaiso; DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 75, 1839 — Valparaiso; DssMuRS
in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool., i, p. 288, 1847 — Chile; SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; idem, l.c., 1874, p. 22 — Chile, near Valparaiso;
PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Copacolla, Atacama; ALLEN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 2, p. 92, 1889 — Valparaiso.
Synallaxis pumicola FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., n, p. 112, 1843 — Chile (habits);
BIBRA, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5, p. 129, 1853 — near
Valparaiso.
Siptornis humicola SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 65, 1890 — Chile; MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 79, 1906 — Val-
paraiso, Chile; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 263, 1921 — Valparaiso; BARROS,
Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 182, 1923 — Precordillera of Aconcagua, Chile.
Synallaxis cinerea PHILIPPIC, Anal. Univ. Chile, 91, p. 674, 1895 — Andes of
Prov. San Fernando, Chile; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 36,
pi. 18, fig. i, 1902 — San Fernando.
Cranioleuca humicola REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916 — Mendoza.
Siptornis sordida (not of LESSON) BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 145,
1920 — Nilahue", Prov. Curic6.
Range: Chile, from Curic6 north to Atacama (Caldera, Copacolla),
and western Argentina (Mendoza) b.
12 : Chile (Prov. O'Higgins, Bafios de Cauquenes i, San Francisco i ;
Prov. Santiago, San Jose de Maipo 2, Pena Lolen i; Prov. Valparaiso,
Limache 7, Olmue' i ; Prov. Coquimbo, La Compania 2, Romero 2 ; Prov.
Atacama, Caldera i).
*Asthenes humicola polysticta subsp. nov.° SOUTHERN BLACK-TAILED
SPINE-TAIL.
Range: Central Chile, in provinces of Concepcion and Maule.
a The published figure closely agrees with a worn specimen from Caldera, in
which the whitish and pale grayish streaking of the chest is but faintly developed.
The tail of the type specimen was obviously not full grown.
bA specimen from Mendoza in the U. S. National Museum (No. 237185), ob-
tained from Carlos Reed, differs from our series only by having the tawny color of
the belly rather more extensive and slightly deeper in tone.
c A sthenes humicola polysticta subsp. nov.
Type from Hacienda Gualpencillo, Concepcion, in Field Museum of Natural
History. No. 54165. Female. April 16, 1923. C. C. Sanborn.
Similar to A. h. humicola, but much more heavily marked underneath, the fore-
neck, breast and middle of the abdomen showing very distinct, blackish marginal
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 145
1 1 : Chile (Hacienda Gttalpencillo, Concepcion 9 ; Pilen Alto, eight
miles west of Cauquenes, Maule 2),
Asthenes steinbachi (Hartert}*. STEINBACH'S SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis steinbachi HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 213, 1909 — Cachi, Prov. Salta
(type in Tring Museum examined); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 245,
33i» 1913-14 — Mendoza; idem, El Hornero, i, p. 195, 1918 — Gualfin, Sierra
de Catamarca; SANZIN, I.e., p. 150, 1918 — Alto Verde, Prov. Mendoza.
Range: Western Argentina, in provinces of Salta (Cachi), Cata-
marca (Gualfin), and Mendoza (Mendoza, Potrerillos, Alto Verde).
*Asthenes hellmayri (Reiser)*. REISER'S SPINE-TAIL. (PI. IV).
Synallaxis griseiventris (not of ALLEN 1889) REISER, Anzeiger Ak. Wiss. Wien,
42, p. 323, 1905 — Fazenda Serra, Rio Grande, n.w. Bahia (type examined);
IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 9, p. 476, 1914 — Cidade da Barra, Bahia (nest
and eggs descr.).
Synallaxis hellmayri REISER, Orn. Monatsber., 13, p. 210, 1905 — new name for
Synallaxis griseiventris REISER preoccupied; idem, Denks. math, naturw. Kl.
Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Fazenda da Serra and Serra do Estreito,
Rio Grande, Bahia.
spots to the feathers, while the flanks and under tail-coverts are much duller, vary-
ing between cinnamon brown and snuff brown (not bright tawny as in A . h. humicola) .
This strongly differentiated form apparently replaces the typical race in the coast
region of Concepcion and Maule. The eleven examples in the collection are very
uniform, though those from Pilen Alto, by more rufous belly, slightly point toward
A. h. humicola.
8 Asthenes steinbachi (HARTERT), an excellent species, stands quite by itself.
From A . humicola it differs by lacking the white superciliary stripe and the streaking
underneath; by much paler, drab brownish upper parts and by having the upper
tail-coverts vinaceous cinnamon, while the two lateral pairs of rectrices are wholly,
the next one for the greater part, and the three others at base and along edges bright
cinnamon rufous. The markings of the throat are somewhat similar to A. humicola,
though more edge-like. In general coloration, shape of bill and hind claw it agrees
with A. d'orbignyi, but has a much longer tail with much broader rectrices, and dif-
fers widely by absence of cinnamomeous gular spot, drab grayish (instead of buff)
under parts with much paler flanks, drab brownish pileum and back, much more
rufous in tail, etc. Wing 65-69; tail 82-90; bill 13-14.
Material examined. — Salta: Cachi i. Mendoza: Potrerillos 3, Mendoza i.
b Asthenes hellmayri (REISER): Upper parts light brownish gray; lesser, median,
and outer web of greater wing-coverts bright hazel, forming a large patch on the
wing; remiges dusky, exteriorly edged with grayish brown; tail dusky, middle pair
of rectrices brownish gray, the three lateral ones indistinctly, tipped with grayish or
dull rufescent; sides of head and neck more buffy than the crown, lores dusky; under
parts light drab (rather more grayish than Ridgway's shade on plate 46), more buffy
on middle of abdomen, with a large dull black patch occupying the lower throat;
axillars and under wing-coverts cinnamon rufous; quill lining cinnamon buff. Wing
67-70; tail 75-86; bill 14.5-15.
This species which has no near ally is a typical Asthenes, both the type and our
specimens possessing twelve rectrices.
Material examined. — Fazenda Serra i , Serra do Estreito i , Rio do Peixe i , Arara i.
146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range : Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia (Rio do Peixe, near Qtiei-
madas; Barra, Rio Sao Francisco; Rio Preto) and Piauhy.
2 : Brazil (Rio do Peixe, near Queimadas, Bahia i ; Arara, Piauhy i).
Asthenes wyatti wyatti (Sclater and Salvin). WYATT'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis wyatti SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lend., "1870," p. 840, 1871 —
Paramo de Pamplona, Santander, Colombia (type examined); WYATT, Ibis,
1871, p. 330 — Paramo de Pamplona; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 25 —
Pamplona; SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 — Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta.
Siptornis wyatti SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 71, 1890 — part, spec, a-e,
Paramo of Pamplona, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia; BANGS,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 99, 1899 — Paramo de Chiruqua (spec, exam-
ined); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 158, 1900 (ex BANGS).
Asthenes wyatti wyatti TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 290,
1922 — Cerro de Caracas, Macotama, Paramo de Mamarongo, and Paramo
de Chiruqua.
Range : Andes of Colombia (Santa Marta Mountains, and Paramo
de Pamplona, State of Santander) ».
Asthenes wyatti aequatorialis (Chapman)*. EQUATORIAL SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis wyatti aequatorialis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 18, p. 4, 1921 —
Mount Chimborazo, Ecuador.
Synall[axis] paramo (STOLZMANN MS.) CHAPMAN, I.e., p. 4 (in text), 1921 —
Cechce, Ecuador.
Synallaxis wyatti (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 299 — Cechce, Ecuador.
Siptornis wyatti SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 71, 1890 — part, spec, f,
Cechce; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22,
1899 — Chaupi, Paramo of Illiniza.
Range : Andes of Ecuador, south to the vicinity of Alausi (Cechce).
a The type specimen differs from those of the Santa Marta range by deeper buffy
under parts and much paler (buff instead of deep ochraceous) throat patch. Whether
this divergency is individual or racial remains to be determined by a series from
Santander.
b Asthenes wyatti aequatorialis (CHAPMAN): Closely similar to A. w. wyatti, but
upper parts slightly more grayish, the spots larger and deeper black; tail more black-
ish; flanks and under tail-coverts, as a rule, brighter fulvous buff. Wing 64-67;
tail 67-72; bill 13-14.5.
A skin of the well known "Quito" make (Berlin Museum No. B 23219), by the
brighter cinnamon rufous lesser wing-coverts, greater extent of rufous on fourth
rectrix (from outside) and deeper buffy abdomen, forms the transition to A . w. azuay,
of southern Ecuador.
Material examined. — Ecuador: Chimborazo 2, Cechce i, "Quito" i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 147
Asthenes wyatti azuay (Chapman)*. AZUAY SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis graminicola azuay CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 13, Aug. 1923 —
Bestion, Prov. del Azuay, Ecuador (type examined).
Range : Andes of southern Ecuador (Bestion, Prov. del Azuay) .
Asthenes wyatti graminicola (Sclater). SCLATER'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis graminicola SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 446, pi. 58, fig. 2 —
Junin, Dept. Junin, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1874, p. 527 — Junin; idem,
Orn. PeY., 2, p. 140, 1884 — Puna of Junin, and Maraynioc.
Siptornis graminicola SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 71, 1890 — Peru; BER-
LEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 374 — Hacienda de Queta,
near Tarma, Junin; idem, Ibis, 1901, p. 718 — "Cauramarca" [ = Lauramarca],
near Cuzco; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 71, 1920 — Olla-
chea, near Macusani, Dept. Puno; CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117,
p. 84, 1921 — Tica-tica, Dept. Cuzco
Range : Southern Peru, in depts. of Junin (Junin, Maraynioc, Oroya) ,
Cuzco (Tica-tica, Lauramarca), and Puno (Tirapata, Titicaca basin ;
Ollachea, near Macusani, Sierra of Carabaya)b.
Asthenes punensis punensis (Berlepsch and Stohmann}*. PUNO SPINE-
TAIL.
Siptornis punensis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ibis (8) I, p. 718, 1901 — Puno,
Dept. Puno (type examined); idem, Ornis, 13, p. 129— Puno; HELLMAYR,
Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 72, 1920 — Puno (crit.).
Siptornis punensis punensis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 2, p. 5, 1921 —
Guaqui, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia.
Range: Southern Peru (Puno, south shore of Lake Titicaca, Dept.
Puno), and western Bolivia (Guaqui, near Lake Titicaca, Dept. La Paz).
a Asthenes wyatti azuay (CHAPMAN): Agrees with A. w. aequatorialis in length of
bill, but size slightly larger; fourth rectrix (from without) wholly rufous except a
blackish edge along apical half of inner web; two median pairs and inner remiges
edged with cinnamon rufous; cinnamon rufous of wing-coverts brighter and en-
croaching on outer web of greater series and primary coverts; upper parts browner;
under surface more buffy, passing into ochraceous tawny on sides and tail-coverts.
It approaches A . w. graminicola in size and coloration of under parts, but differs by
longer bill, deeper guttural spot, more spotted back, brighter and more extensive
cinnamon rufous wing area, more rufous on lateral rectrices, and by having the
median tail feathers and inner remiges margined with cinnamon rufous. Wing (one
adult male) 68; tail 78; bill 14.75.
The type is the only known specimen.
b Material examined. — Peru: Dept. Cuzco, Lauramarca i, Tica-tica 2; Puno,
Ollachea 2, Tirapata i.
No specimens seen from the type locality.
c Asthenes punensis punensis (BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) : Similar to A. wyatti
graminicola, but three outer pairs of rectrices extensively black at the base, abruptly
defined against the oblique cinnamon rufous apical portion; fourth rectrix black,
148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Asthenes puensis cuchacanchae (Chapman)*. CUCHACANCHA SPINE-
TAIL.
Siptornis punensis cuchacanchae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 2, p. 5, 1921 —
Cuchacancha, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Siptornis punensis punensis (not of BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 329, 1919 — Cuchacancha.
Range: Andes of eastern Bolivia (Cuchacancha, Sierra of Cocha-
bamba) .
Asthenes punensis lilloi (Oustalef)b. LILLO'S SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis lilloi OUSTALET, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 44, 1904 — Lagun-
ita, Tucumdn (type in Paris Museum examined); BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223,
1904 — Lagunita; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 53, 1905 — La Lagunita,
Cerro de San Pablo, La Cienaga, Tucumdn; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov.
Zool., 16, p. 214, 1909 — La Cienaga, Lagunita, Norco, Tucuman; HELLMAYR,
Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 72, 1920 — Tucuman (crit.).
Siptornis dinellii LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 53, 1905 — La Cienaga, Tucu-
man (type in Coll. Lillo examined; =juv.).
Siptornis punensis rufala CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 328, 1919 —
Tafi del Valle, Tucumdn (type examined).
Siptornis hudsoni (not of SCLATER) LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8,
p. 191, 1902 — San Pablo, Tucumdn.
Cranioleuca lilloi -\-Cranioleuca dinellii DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18,
p. 297, 1910 — La Lagunita, Cerro de San Pablo, La Cienaga, Tucumdn.
Range : Andes of northwestern Argentina (Prov. Tucuman) .
*Asthenes anthoides (King). KING'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis anthoides KING, Proc. Comm. Sci. & Corresp. Zool. Soc. Lond., I,
with a small rufous apical spot; basal band of remiges less wide and darker, hazel
rather than cinnamon rufous. Wing 69.5-80; tail 87-94; bill 13-13.5.
I provisionally regard this bird as specifically distinct, since specimens of A. w.
graminicola from Tirapata in the Titicaca basin, not very far from Puno, the type
locality of A . punensis, do not show the slightest approach to the latter in the mark-
ings of the tail.
Material examined. — Peru: Puno (including the type) 4. Bolivia: Guaqui i.
* Asthenes punensis cuchacanchae (CHAPMAN): Very nearly related to A. p. pun-
ensis, but upper parts paler brown and more heavily streaked with blackish ; lesser
wing-coverts and wing band lighter, cinnamon rufous rather than hazel; under parts
paler, less tawny ochraceous, particularly on flanks and tail-coverts. Wing (four
specimens from the type locality) 73-77; tail 92-97; bill 13.5-14.
b Asthenes punensis lilloi (OUSTALET): Similar to A. p. cuchacanchae, but upper
parts somewhat darker, more tinged with rufescent, and even more coarsely spotted;
lesser wing-coverts and wing band deeper cinnamon rufous or hazel; the edges to
the larger coverts pale cinnamon rufous rather than sayal brown; size about the
same. Wing 70-77; tail 85-100; bill 12.5-14.
Material examined. — Tucumdn: La Lagunita 2, La Cienaga 2, Norco 3, Tafi del
Valle 4.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 149
p. 30, March 1831 — no locality specified, presumably Straits of Magellan;
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 193, 1859 — Chile; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 324 —
Chile; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 25 — Chile, near Valparaiso, "East Falkland," val-
leys of southern Patagonia; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 132, 1889
— Laredo Bay, Chile (spec, examined).
Synallaxis rufogularis GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 77, pi. 23,1839 —
near Valparaiso, and valleys of southern Patagonia; FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
II, p. 112, 1843 — Chile.
Siptornis anthoides SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 70, 1890 — Valparaiso
(Chile), Santa Cruz (Patagonia), "Falkland Isl."; SALVADOR:, Ann. Mus.
Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva (2) 20, p. 617, 1900 — Penguin Rookery, Staten Isl.;
CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 79, 1907 — Rio McClelland Settlement;
PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 317, 1923 — Lake Nahuel Huapi,
Argentina (spec, examined); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 35, 1924 —
San Bernardo.
Siptornis anthoides anthoides HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 214,
1909 — Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut.
Cranioleuca anthoides DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910 —
part, Santa Cruz, Staten Isl., Tierra del Fuego.
Range: Chile, from Valparaiso and Santiago southward; southern
Argentina, from Lake Nahuel Huapi, Gob. del Rio Negro down to the
Straits of Magellan; Tierra del Fuego; Staten Island".
9: Chile (Prov. Cautin, Lake Gualletue 2, Rio Lolen, Lonquimai
Valley 6; Prov. Llanquihue, Rio Nireguao i).
*Asthenes hudsoni (Sclater}*. HUDSON'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis hudsoni SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 25 — Conchitas, Prov. Buenos
Aires; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 36 — Chubut; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 396 — Rio
Sengel, Chubut; DALGLEISH, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 6, p. 246, 1881 —
Tala, Prov. Durazno, Uruguay (nest and eggs descr.); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt.
Orn. Cl., 8, p. 209, 1883 — Azul, Prov. Buenos Aires (spec, examined) ; SCLATER,
and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 186, 1888 — Argentina (habits); HOLLAND, Ibis,
1890, p. 425 — Est. Espartillar, Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1892, p. 201 — same
locality (breeding); APLIN, I.e., 1894, p. 182 — Santa Ana, Prov. Soriano, Uru-
guay; GIBSON, I.e., 1918, p. 411— Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires.
a No reliable record exists for its occurrence on the Falkland Island. Besides
those listed above, I have examined specimens from the following localities: Vicinity
of Santiago 2, San Bernardo i, Laredo Bay i ; Bariloche, Lake Nahuel Huapi, Argen-
tina 2.
b A sthenes hudsoni is obviously specifically distinct from A . anthoides. Apart from
its much larger size, slenderer as well as straighter bill, more sharply acuminate rec-
trices, and much lighter upper part?, it has a very peculiar juvenal plumage, in
which fore-neck, chest and sides are marked with longitudinal spots or streaks of
blackish brown, while in the young A. anthoides the same parts show rather
obsolete, sooty cross bars.
Material examined. — Prov. Buenos Aires: Azul 2, Conchitas 2, Barracas al Sud
5, Est. Los Ynglases i. Gob. del Rio Negro: Huanuluan i.
150 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Synallaxis sclateri CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 196, 1878 — Sierra of Cordoba;
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 461 — Cordoba.
Synallaxis anthcides (not of KING) SCLATER and SAL VIM, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868,
p. 141 — Conchitas; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 47, 1881 —
Azul, Carhue', Arroyo Salado, Prov. Buenos Aires.
Siptornis hudsoni SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 70, 1890 — Uruguay, Con-
chitas and Aj6 (Buenos Aires), Cordoba; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 130 — Los
Ynglases, Ajo, and Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires (crit., descr. juv.);
PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 318, 1923 — Huanuluan, Gob. Rio
Negro (spec, examined). ,
Siptornis anthoides hudsoni HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 1 6, p. 214, 1909 —
Barracas al Sud and Est. San Martino Monte, Prov. Buenos Aires (descr.
juv.).
Cranioleuca hudsoni DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910 (range).
Asthenes anthoides hudsoni TREMOLERAS, El Hornerc, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Uruguay;
DAGUERRE, I.e., p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires; PEREYRA, l.c., 3,
p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ.
for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires.
(?) Asthenes anthoides (not of KING) DAGUERRE, El Hornero, 2, p. 268, 1922 —
Rosas, Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641,
1924 — "Barracas al Sud," Rosas, B. Aires.
Range: Pampas of Argentina, from Buenos Aires and Cordoba
south to Chubut, and Uruguay.
i: Argentina (Buenos Aires i).
Asthenes maluroides (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny)*. WREN-LIKB
SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis maluroides LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — Buenos Aires (types in Paris Museum examined);
D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 238, pi. 14, fig. 3, 1839 — Buenos
Aires; GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 77, 1839 — Maldonado, Uruguay;
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 141 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires;
SCLATER, 1. c., 1874, P- 2^ — Maldonado and Buenos Aires; DURNFORD, Ibis,
1877, p. 180 — Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 61 — Buenos Aires (nest and
eggs descr.); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 208, 1883 — Conception del
Uruguay, Entrerios (spec, examined); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., x,
p. 188, 1888 — Argentina (habits); GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 412 — Cape San
Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires.
Siptornis maluroides SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 72, 1890 — Rio Lujan
and Punta Lara, Buenos Aires; Rio Negro, Patagonia; IHERING, Annuario
Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Rio Grande do Sul; MENEGAUX
• By the strongly emarginate and acuminate tail feathers, this singular species
closely approaches Cranioleuca sulphurifera, but has a straighter bill, while the
spotted upper parts suggest affinities to Asthenes hudsoni. Some time it may be
found necessary to separate it genetically.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 151
and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 81, 1906 — Buenos Aires;
HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 1 6, p. 214, 1909 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos
Aires; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 131 — Cape San Antonio, Luiconia and Los
Ynglases, Aj6, Prov. Buenos Aires; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 249, 1921 —
Buenos Aires.
Cranioleuca malur aides IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 235, 1907 — Rio Grande
do Sul, Buenos Aires; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910
(range in Argentina); HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 391, 1916 — La Plata.
Asthenes maluroides DAGUERRE, El Hornero, 2, p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov.
Buenos Aires; PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires;
MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 — Lujan, Buenos
Aires.
Range : Eastern Argentina (in prov. of Entrerios and Buenos Aires,
south to the Rio Negro), Uruguay, and southern Brazil (Rio Grande,
Rio Grande do Sul)a.
Asthenes flammulata multostriata (Sclater)*. MANY-STRIPED SPINE-
TAIL.
Synallaxis multo-striata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, "1857", p. 273, Jan. 1858 —
Bogota (type in Paris Museum examined); idem, I.e., 1859, p. 194 — New
Granada; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 636 (crit.).
Synallaxis flammulata (not of JARDINE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 26 —
part, Bogota.
Siptornis flammulata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., iS,p. 72, 1890 — part, Colombia.
Siptornis multostriata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 80, 1906 — Bogota (diag.).
Siptornis flammulata multostriata CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 407,
1917 — Choachi, near Bogota.
Range: Eastern Andes of Colombia (in states of Santander, Boy-
aca, and Cundinamarca).
*Asthenes flammulata quindiana (Chapman)0. SANTA ISABEL SPINE-
TAIL.
Siptornis flammulata quindiana CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 643,
•An adult male, secured at Rio Grande on May 27, 1884 by Hermann von
Ihering, agrees with others from Buenos Aires. A single male from Entrerios (Con-
cepcion del Uruguay) is more strongly washed with buffy brown on chest and sides.
b Asthenes flammulata multostriata (SCLATER): Differs from A. f. flammulata by
having the chin and upper throat deep cinnamon rufous; the forehead darker chest-
nut; the superciliaries ochraceous instead of whitish; the blackish margins on the
under parts decidedly broader, particularly on the flanks. Wing 64-66; tail 75-81-
bill 14.
Material examined. — Bogota 3. Santander: Paramo Guerrero 2, Paramo de
Cachiri 2. Boyaca: Lagunillas 8.
" Asthenes flammulata quindiana (CHAPMAN): Somewhat intermediate between
A. /. flammulata and A. f. multostriata; differing from the former by browner (less
152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
1915 — Paramo de Santa Isabel, central Andes, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36,
p. 407, 1917 — Santa Isabel.
Range: Central Andes of Colombia (Paramo de Santa Isabel).
i: Colombia (Santa Isabel, Quindio Andes i).
Asthenes flammulata flammulata (Jardine). JARDINE'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synalaxis (sic) flammulatus JARDINE, Contrib. Orn., 1850, p. 82-10, pi. 56 —
"lofty table lands of the Andes [near Quito] at an elevation of 14,000 feet,"
Ecuador.
Synallaxis flammulata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 76 — Panza; idem, I.e.,
1874, p. 26 — part, Panza and "Loxa", Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI and BER-
LEPSCH, I.e., 1885, p. 95 — Chimborazo and San Rafael; ALLEN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 2, p. 75, 1889 — near Quito; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 —
Pichincha.
Siptornis flammulata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., is, p. 72, 1890 — part, Ecua-
dor; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Mt. Cayambe; SALVADORI and
FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22, 1899 — Pichincha; MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 81, 1906 — Pichin-
cha and Quito (diag.); MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. g6ogr. Mes. Arc. Me"rid.
Equat., 9, p. B 41, 1911 — Pichincha and Mozo; LONNBERG and RENDAHL,
Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69, 1922 — Pichincha.
Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes of Ecuador8.
*Asthenes flammulata taczanowskii (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)*. TAC-
ZANOWSKI'S STREAKED SPINE-TAIL.
Siptornis taczanowskii BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ibis, (6) 6, p. 393, 1894 —
Maraynioc, Dept. Junin, Peru; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 373 — Maray-
nioc, Pariayacu.
Synallaxis flammulata (not of JARDINE) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 527 — Maraynioc; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 139, 1884 — Maraynioc.
Siptornis flammulata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 72, 1890 — part, Peru.
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru (in depts. Amazonas,
Huanuco, and Junin) .
blackish) upper pai-ts, hazel rather than tawny forehead, ochraceous, less clearly
defined superciliaries, and deeper (ochraceous buff instead of buff) throat; from
the latter by less chestnut forehead, white chin spot, much paler throat, and much
narrower blackish striping below. Wing 64-65; tail 76-82; bill 13-14.
Three specimens from the type locality examined.
a Nine specimens examined.
b Asthenes flammulata taczanowskii (BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN): Similar to
A. f. flammulata, but streaks above narrower, forehead less tinged with tawny;
entire throat and foreneck pale buff; dusky streaking below less pronounced and
chiefly restricted to chest and sides, leaving an extensive area in the middle plain
grayish white. Size about the same.
Eight specimens examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 153
7: Peru (Mountains east of Balsas i, Huanuco Mts. 6).
Asthenes maculicauda (Berlepsch)*. BERLEPSCH'S BOLIVIAN SPINE-
TAIL.
Siptornis maculicauda BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 92, 1901 — Iquico, on the
Illimani, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 264, 1919 —
Aconquija, Prov. Tucuman, Argentina.
Range: Andes of Bolivia (Iquico, Illimani, Dept. La Paz), and
northwestern Argentina (Sierra of Aconquija, Prov. Tucumdn).
Asthenes virgata (Sclater}b. SCLATER'S SPINE-TAIL.
Synallaxis virgata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 446 — Junin; TACZANOWSKI,
I.e., p. 527 — Junin; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 141, 1884 — Junin.
Siptornis virgata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 71, 1890 — Peru.
Range: Andes of Peru (Junin).
Asthenes urubambensis urubambensis ( Chapman} °. URUB AMB A SPINE-
TAIL.
Siptornis urubambensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 328, 1919 —
above Matchu Picchu (Cedrobamba), Dept. Cuzco; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 117, p. 84, 1921 — above Matchu Picchu (spec, examined).
Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes of southeastern Peru (above
Matchu Picchu, Dept. Cuzco).
*Asthenes urubambensis huallagae (ZimmerY. HUALLAGA SPINE-
TAIL.
Siptornis urubambensis huallagae ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool.
a Asthenes maculicauda (BERLEPSCH): Nearly related to A. f. flammulata, but
without trace of the buff guttural spot; forehead brighter chestnut; under parts
buffy white, with the brownish streaking much less distinct; tail olive or rufescent
brown, variegated with irregular blackish spots and streaks. Wing 58-62; tail 68-
80; bill 12-13. (Translated from the German original.)
We are not acquainted with this species which may be a geographical representa-
tive of A . flammulata.
b Asthenes virgata (SCLATER): Described as being related to A. flammulata, but
larger, with the rump plain brown (unstreaked), and the middle of the belly white.
Wing 71; tail 91.
Known only from two specimens in the Polish Natural History Museum, War-
saw. We have not seen this species.
0 Asthenes urubambensis urubambensis (CHAPMAN): Related to the A. flammu-
lata group, but upper parts plain Prout's brown, with only a few obsolete buff streaks
across the hind neck; forehead dark brown, streaked with buff, without any rufous;
outer margins of remiges brown like the back instead of bright hazel; tail without
rufous; under parts not unlike A. flammulata, but gular spot smaller, more sharply
denned, and of a deeper ochraceous hue. Wing 59-63; tail 77-87; bill 13-14.
Material examined. — Peru: above Matchu Picchu 4 (including the type).
d A sthenes urubambensis huallagae (ZIMMER) : Similar to A . u. urubambensis,
but upper parts much deeper, dark auburn; pale streaks on forehead narrower
154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Ser., 12, p. 53, 1924 — Mountains near Hua'nuco, Peru.
Range: Mountains near Huanuco, Dept. Huanuco, Peru.
2: Peru (Huanuco Mountains 2).
Genus THRIPOPHAGA Cabanis.
Thripophaga CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 338, 1847 — type by subs, desig.
(GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Anabates macrourus WIED.
*Thripophaga macroura (Wied). STRIATED SOFT-TAIL.
Anabates macrourus WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 147 (ed. in 8°, p. 146), 1821 — Rio
Catole", Bahia.
Sphenura striolata LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 —
Bahia; SPIX, Av. Bras., i, pi. 83, fig. 2, 1824.
Anabates (Sphenura) striatus SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 83, 1824 — Bahia (type in
Munich Museum examined).
Xenops ruficollaris LESSON, Cent. Zool., p. 101, pi. 36, 1831 — "Mexico or Cali-
fornia."
Anabates striolatus TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 40, pi. 238, fig. i, 1823 — Bahia;
WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1182, 1831 — Brazil (habits); PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, note i, 1868.
Thripophaga striolata BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 35, 1856 —
Brazil (descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 83, 1890 — Bahia.
Thripophaga macroura ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 245, 1889 — (note
on Wied's types); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3,
p. 628, 1906 (note on Spix's type); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 237, 1907 —
Bahia and Espirito Santo.
Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia
and Espirito Santo".
i : Brazil (Bahia i).
Thripophaga cherriei Berlepsch and Hartert*. CHERRIE'S SOFT-TAIL.
Thripophaga cherriei BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 60, pi. 12,
and not extending beyond the eye; sides of head and neck as well as under parts
more purely white, the dusky streaks broader, more regular, and of a deeper sepia
brown; flanks deeper brown, without trace of light streaking. Wing (male) 63,
(female) 62; tail 87, (female) 77; bill 13-6- 15-
B In addition to numerous "Bahia" skins in various collections, I have examined
an adult male from Villa Alegre, Espirito Santo, obtained by F. Zikan on January 2,
1912, in the Museum of the Senckenbergian Natural History Society, Frankfort,
Germany.
a Thripophaga cherriei BERLEPSCH and HARTERT: Upper parts olive brown, with
a slight rufescent cast on the back; wings bright rufous brown, somewhat lighter on
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 155
fig. 2, 1902 — Capuano, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst.,
Sci. Bull., 2, p. 262, 1916 — Capuano.
Range: Venezuela, upper Orinoco (Capuano, twenty-five miles
above the mouth of the river Vichado).
Thripophaga fusciceps fusciceps Sclater*. BROWN-HEADED SOFT-TAIL.
Thripophaga fusciceps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 33 — Bolivia (type in
British Museum examined): idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 85, 1890 —
Bolivia.
Range: Bolivia, southeastern Peru (Rio Tavara, La Pampa), and
eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo)b.
Thripophaga fusciceps obidensis Todd*. LOWER AMAZONIAN SOFT-TAIL.
Thripophaga fusciceps obidensis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 80, 1925
— Islands near Obidos, Brazil.
Range: Northern Brazil, on islands of the Amazon, near Obidos.
the wing-coverts, inner web of remiges dusky; tail, including upper tail-coverts
chestnut rufous; lores and narrow superciliary streak buff; sides of head buff, streaked
with dusky ; chin and upper throat bright orange rufous, forming a well defined patch ;
remainder of under surface light olive brown, foreneck and sides of neck marked with
very conspicuous buff shaft stripes, becoming evanescent on the chest; axillars, under
wing-coverts, and quill lining bright ochraceous; bill horn brown, below pale yellow-
ish. Wing 66; tail 65, 67; bill 15-16.
Two specimens, the type in the Berlepsch collection and a male in the Tring
Museum examined.
While not unlike T. macroura in style of coloration, especially below, this species
has a proportionately shorter tail.
a Thripophaga fusciceps fusciceps SCLATER : The plain light buff y brown pileum
and under parts, the (slightly fulvescent) Dresden brown back, and theclear cinnamon
rufous wings and tail distinguish this rare species. In shape of wings and tail, and
proportion of tarsus, it nearly agrees with T. macroura, differs, however, by much
shorter, stouter bill with more convex culmen, and less elongated, more rounded
crown feathers. It is probably not strictly congeneric, but the allied T. baroni
holds an intermediate position.
b An unsexed adult from the Rio Napo (Tring Museum) differs from the three
Bolivian skins in the British Museum by shorter bill and tail, darker (earthy brown)
pileum, slightly darker back, and deeper rufous wings and tail. Two birds from
southeastern Peru in the American Museum of Natural History very nearly
agree with the Ecuadorian bird.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
Three unsexed adults from Bolivia 70,74,80 80,85,91 14
One adult male from La Pampa, Peru 72 73 12
One unsexed adult from Rio Napo, Ecuador 76 75 13
c Thripophaga fusciceps obidensis TODD: Differs from T. f. fusciceps in much
brighter, clay color (instead of buffy brown) under parts, passing into deep cinna-
mon on flanks, and deep cinnamon or argus brown (instead of fulvescent Dresden
brown) back and upper tail-coverts. Besides, the pileum which, in the typical race, is
much duller and less brownish, hardly differs in color from the back; the axillars and
156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Thripophaga berlepschi Hellmayr*. BERLEPSCH'S SOFT-TAIL.
Thripophaga berlepschi HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 503, Sept. 1905 — Leima-
bamba, Peru.
Range: Northern Peru (only known from Leimabamba, Dept.
Amazonas).
Genus DRIOCTISTES Ridgwayb.
Drioctistes RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type Thripophaga
sclateri BERLEPSCH = Anumbius ferrugineigula PELZELN.
Drioctistes erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Wied). RED-EYED
SOFT-TAIL.
Anabates erythrophthalmus WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 147 (ed., in 8° p. 146), 1821 —
Rio Catote, Bahia; idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1175, 1831 — Rio
Catote (habits); DESMURS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 8, pi. 44, 1847 (figure of
type); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 30, 1856 — Rio Catole' (ex
WIED); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, note 2, 1868 — Brazil.
Anabates aradoides LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 2, cl. 2, pi. 8, 1832 — "Bre'sil" (type
now in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined).
Platyurus affinis SWAINSON, Orn. Drawings, Part 5, pi. 57, 1839 (?) — Brazil.
Thripophaga erythrophthalma ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 245, 1889 —
Rio Catole' (note on Wied's types); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 84,
1890 — Brazil; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 237 — Bahia.
Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia
and Rio de Janeiro0.
Drioctistes erythrophthalmus ferrugineigula (Pelzeln)*. RED-BREASTED
SOFT-TAIL.
under wing-coverts are deeper orange ochraceous ; the bill is somewhat longer, with the
pale tip of the maxilla less distinct. Wing (one male) 75; (four females) 70-72; tail
70-76; bill I3-5-I4-5-
Six specimens from the type locality in the Carnegie Museum examined.
* Thripophaga berlepschi HELLMAYR: Differs from T. fusciceps in having the
upper and middle back, sides of neck, and chest cinnamon rufous, strongly contrasted
with the light olive brown of crown, rump and posterior lower parts ; the throat cin-
namon buff; the upper tail-coverts washed with cinnamomeous ; the rufous of wings
and tail deeper in tone. Bill longer and much slenderer. Wing (adult male) 77;
tail 87; bill 16.
b This genus is nearly related to Phacellodomus, but may be distinguished by much
longer as well as slenderer tarsus, elevated, extremely compressed mesorhinium, and
proportionately shorter wings. It is hardly explainable how the members of this
group could have ever been associated with Thripophaga, which has much longer
wings, shorter tarsi and a quite differently shaped bill, while the nostrils and nasal
operculum are exposed for much the greater part.
• Specimens examined: Bahia i, Rio de Janeiro i, "Brazil" 2.
d Drioctistes erythrophthalmus ferrugineigula (PELZELN) : Nearly related to D. e.
erythrophthalmus, but rufous of forehead extended over the crown; median rectrices
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 157
Anumbius ferrugineigula PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss.
Wien, 31, p. 322, 1858 — "Cape Horn," errore, we suggest Prov. Sao Paulo
(type in Vienna Museum examined).
Thripophaga sdateri BERLEPSCH, Ibis, (5) i, p. 490, pi. 13, 1883 — Sao Paulo
(type) and Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (type in Berlepsch collection exam-
ined); BERLEPSCH and IHERINGJ Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 144, 1885 — Taquara,
Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 84, 1890 — Pelotas
(Rio Grande do Sul), Sao Paulo; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul,
16, p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 224, 1899 —
Sao Paulo, and Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, I.e., 4, p. 245, 1900
(nest and egg descr.).
Thripophaga ferrugineigula BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 27,
28, 1905 (crit., range); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 237, 1907 — Ypiranga,
Sao Paulo, Itatiba, Ubatuba.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Sao Paulo (Ypiranga,
Itatiba, Ubatuba), and Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara do Mundo Novo,
Sao Lourengo, Pelotas).
Genus PHACELLODOMUS Reichenbach*.
Phacellodomus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 169,
1853 — type by monotypy Anabates rufifrons WIED.
Phaceloscenus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type Anumbius
striaticollis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY.
*Phacellodomus rufifrons rufifrons (Wied). RED-FRONTED THORN-
BIRD.
Anabates rufifrons WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 177, 1821 — Rio Ressaque, s. Bahia;
idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1119, 1831 — Campos of southern Bahia;
SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 84, pi. 85, fig. i, 1824 — Minas Geraes.
Malurus garrulus SWAINSON, Zool. 111., 3, pi. 138, 1822 — Bahia.
Sphenura frontalis LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — Bahia.
Anumbius frontalis BURMEISTER, Syst. ttbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 36, 1856 — Brazil.
dusky brown, instead of rufous like the lateral ones; cinnamon rufous color under-
neath not restricted to throat and foreneck, but extending well over the chest and
gradually merging into the ochraceous buff of the abdomen. Wing 62-65 ; tail 85-94;
bill 16-17.
Material examined. — Type of Anumbius ferrugineigula PELZELN i, Sao Paulo
(type of T. sdateri) i, Ypiranga 2, Sao Lourengo 2, Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio
Grande do Sul i.
8 Subdivision of this genus appears impracticable. While P. striaticollis, P. dor-
salis and P. ruber have shorter tarsi and wings, and a more strongly graduated tail
than the genotype, P. striaticeps and P. sibilatrix occupy a somewhat intermediate
position. Wing and tail are of nearly equal length, the latter is even less graduated
than in P. rufifrons, and in length of tarsus they are just between Phacellodomus
(P. rufifrons) and Phaceloscenus (P. striaticollis).
158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Anumbius rufifrons PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — part, Bahia.
Phacellodomus frontalis REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870,
p. 380 — Lagoa Santa, Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes.
PhaceUodomus rufifrons ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 244, 1889 — (note
on Wied's types); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3,
p. 630, 1906 — part, Minas Geraes, Bahia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 84, 1906 — part, spec, a-d, Bahia, Paracatii,
Minas Geraes.
Phacelodomus rufifrons SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80, 1890 — part, spec.
e-k, Bahia; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68,
1910 — part, Alagoinhas, Santa Rita, Bahia; Sao Antonio do Gilboez, Piauhy.
Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Piauhy, and Minas
Geraes".
10: Brazil (Sao Amaro, Bahia 4; Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa,
Minas Geraes 6).
*Phacellodomus rufifrons sincipitalis Cabanis*. WESTERN RED-
FRONTED THORN-BIRD.
Phacellodomus sincipitalis CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 31, p. 109, 1883 — vicinity of
Tucuman (city).
Anumbius rufifrons (not of WIED) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2,
in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 19, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (spec, examined);
PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 125, 1859 —
Arica, Cuyaba, Matto Grosso; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — part, Arica,
Cuyaba (spec, examined).
Anumbius frontalis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. merid.,
Ois., p. 256, 1839 — "Sicasica"= Chiquitos.
Phacellodomus frontalis BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Tucuman;
idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 467, 1861 — Tucuman; SALVIN, Ibis, 1880,
p. 359 — Salta; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 192, 1888 — part, Salta.
Hacelodomus (sic) sibilator (errore) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,
p. 621 — "Sicasica" =Chiquitos (ex Anumbius frontalis D'ORBIGNY).
Phacelodomus0 rufifrons SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80, 1890 — part,
spec, a-d, Salta, Bolivia, Matto Grosso; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5,
• Birds from Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Paracatu) are slightly intermediate to
P. r. sincipitalis, though taken as a whole much nearer to typical rufifrons, from
Bahia.
Material. — Sao Amaro, Bahia 4, Alagoinhas, Bahia 3, Santa Rita, Rio Preto,
Bahia i, Bahia trade skins 14, Sao Antonio do Gilboez, Piauhy 2, Lagoa Santa, Minas
6, Paracatu, Minas i, "Minas Geraes" 3.
b Phacellodomus rufifrons sincipitalis CABANIS: Differs from P. r. rufifrons by
more brownish (less grayish) back, with the rump and upper tail-coverts conspicu-
ously fulvous; much brighter, more fulvous flanks and crissum, and decidedly cin-
namomeous or rufescent lateral rectrices.
Material. — Tucuman 13, Oran, Salta 2, Chiquitos, Bolivia i, Paraguay (San Sal-
vador, Fort Wheeler) 3, Matto Grosso (Arica, Cuyaba, Urucum, Descalvados) 12.
0 Sometimes spelled PhaceUodomus.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 159
p. 112, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8,
p. 191, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 53, 1905
— Tucuman; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana, [Lara, errore], Tucu-
man; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 — Rosario de Lerma,
Salta; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 84,
1906 — part, spec, e-h, Miranda, "Goyaz" ( = Matto Grosso); Salvador, Para-
guay; Santa Ana, Tucuman; Chiquitos, Bolivia; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 132 — •
Puerto Maria, Paraguay; MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 9, p. 57, 1917 —
Pocone", Caceres, Matto Grosso.
Phacelodomus sincipitalis SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 272, p. 19,
1897 — Sao Francisco, Caiza, s.e. Bolivia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B.
Aires, 18, p. 300, 1910 — part, Salta, Tucuman.
Phacellodomus rufifrons sincipitalis HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16,
p. 215, 1909 — Santa Ana, Tucuman; Valle de Lerma, Rio Seco, Arenal, Oran,
Salta.
Range: Eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos, Caiza); northwestern Argen-
tina, in provinces of Salta and Tucuman; northern Paraguay (San
Salvador, Puerto Maria, Fort Wheeler), and western Matto Grosso,
Brazil.
5 : Argentina, Prov. Tucumdn (Tucuman 2, Santa Ana i, Sarmiento
2).
>•
*Phacellodomus rufifrons peruvianus subsp. nov.». PERUVIAN RED-
FRONTED THORN-BIRD.
Placellodomus frontalis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 231 — Guajango; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 143, 1884 — Callacate and
Maranon Valley.
Phacellodomus frontalis TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 200 — Callacate.
Phacelodomus rufifrons (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80,
1890 — part, spec, m, Guajango.
Phacellodomus rufifrons BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1918 — Bellavista,
Perico, Maranon Valley (spec, examined).
Range : Northern Peru, on the Maranon and its affluents, in depts.
of Cajamarca, Loreto, and Amazonas.
6: Peru (Moyobamba 3, Rioja i, Bellavista 2).
8 Phacellodomus rufifrons peruvianus subsp. nov.
Type from Rioja, Peru in Field Museum of Natural History. No. 54163. Female,
July 6, 1912. W. H. Osgood and M. P. Anderson.
Closely related to P. r. rufifrons, but flanks and under tail-coverts bright fulvous
or ochraceous as in P. r. sincipitalis, and rufous on forehead generally lighter. Sim-
ilar also to P. r. sincipitalis, but lateral rectrices less rufescent, back more grayish,
and rump much less suffused with fulvous. Wing 61-67; tail 66-75; bill 13-14.5.
Material. — Perico i, Bellavista 15, Moyobamba 3, Rioja i.
160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Phacellodomus rufifrons specularis subsp. nov.8 PERNAMBUCO RED-
FRONTED THORN-BIRD.
Phacelodomus rufifrons (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., is, p. 80,
1890 — part, spec. 1, Pernambuco; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — part, Pao d'Alho, near Recife, Pernambuco.
Range: Northeastern Brazil, in State of Pernambuco.
*Phacellodomus rufifrons inornatus Ridgway*. VENEZUELAN THORN-
BIRD.
Phacellodomus inornatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, "1887", p. 152,
1888 — Caracas, Venezuela; PHELPS, Auk, 14, p. 365, 369, 1897 — Guanaguana,
Bermudez; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19,
p. 86, 1906 — San Fernando, Rio Apure; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 630, 1906 — vicinity of Cumana, San Fernando (crit.).
Placellodomus frontalis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1867, p. 627 — Venezuela.
Phacelodomus rufifrons SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80, 1890 — part,
spec, n, o, Venezuela.
Range: North coast of Venezuela, from Bermudez (San Felix,
Guanaguana) to Lara (Mts. near Bucarito, Tocuyo), south to San
Fernando, Rio Apure.
13: Venezuela (Caracas i, Maracay, Aragua 12).
"Phacellodomus striaticeps striaticeps (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny).
RED-SHOULDERED THORN-BIRD.
Anumbius striaticeps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool.,
8, cl. 2, p. 19, 1838 — Sicasica, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined);
D'ORBIGNY, Voy. Ame"r. me'rid., Ois., p. 254, 1839 (no locality given).
Phacelodomus striaticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 81, 1890 — part,
Bolivia; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucuman (spec, exam-
ined); LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 53, 1905 — Lara (ex BAER); DABBENE,
• Phacellodomus rufifrons specularis subsp. nov.
Type from Pao d'Alho, near Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, in Vienna Museum
Adult male. February 17, 1903. Otmar Reiser No. 44.
Nearest to P. r. rufifrons, but above more brownish; lateral rectrices decidedly
rufescent; outer web of third and succeeding remiges margined with bright cinnamon
rufous, forming a large alar speculum; rufous of forehead deeper as well as more
extensive. In color of tail and back this form agrees with P. r. sincipitalis, but has
less fulvous suffusion on the rump, while the large rufous alar speculum serves to
distinguish it from all other races. Wing 64-66; tail 69-73; bill 14, 14.5.
Material. — Pao d'Alho, near Recife, Pernambuco 2.
b Phacellodomus rufifrons inornatus RIDGWAY: Similar to P. r. rufifrons, but with-
out any rufous on the forehead. Material. — San Felix, Bermudez 5, Caracas i ,
Maracay, Aragua 12, Bucarito, Tocuyo, Lara i, San Fernando, Rio Apure 2.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 161
Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 301, 1910 — Lara, Moreno, n.w. Argentina;
idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 332, 1914 (range in Argentina).
Phacellodomus striaticeps LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 450 — Moreno, Jujuy; MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 86, 1906 — Sicasica,
Bolivia; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 216, 1909 — Jujuy; Norco,
Lara, Prov. Tucuman (spec, examined).
Phacellodomus striaticeps striaticeps CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 258,
1919 — Cuchacancha, Parotani, Vinto, Bolivia; Tilcara, Jujuy; Tafi del Valle,
Tucuman.
Phacelodomus sibilator (not of SCLATER) SALVADOR:, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12,
No. 292, p. 19, 1897 — Cara-huassi, Prov. Salta (spec, examined).
Phacelodomus sibilatrix (not of SCLATER) LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p,. 53,
1905 — Norco, Prov. Tucumdn (spec, examined).
Range: Andes of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (in provinces
of Tucumdn, Salta, and Jujuy) a.
3: Argentina (Maimara, Prov. Jujuy 3).
Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus Chapman*. PERUVIAN RED-
SHOULDERED THORN-BIRD.
Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 258,
1919 — Ticatica, near Cuzco, Peru; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 85,
1921 — Ticatica, Calca, Cuzco, Anta, La Raya, Huaracondo Canyon, Peru;
HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 73, 1920 — Anta, Sicuani, Urcos,
Lucre, Cuzco, Peru (crit.).
Anumbius striaticeps (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 678 — Paucartambo, near Cuzco.
Phacellodomus striaticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 599 —
Tinta, near Cuzco; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 129, 1906 —
Puno, Dept. Puno.
Phacellodomus striaticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1876, p. 16 —
Paucartambo; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 144, 1884 — Paucartambo.
Phacelodomus striaticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 81, 1890 — part,
spec, c-e, Tinta.
Range : Andes of southeastern Peru, in depts. of Cuzco and Puno.
a Two Bolivian specimens differ from eight Argentine skins in darker brown upper
parts, less extended and deeper chestnut rufous frontal area, deeper rufous humeral
patch and basal portion of remiges, as well as brighter fulvous flanks. Wing 65-68;
tail 69-75; bill 14-16.
b Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus CHAPMAN : Very similar to P. 5. striaticeps,
but flanks and under tail-coverts much deeper fulvous, sometimes almost ochraceous
tawny; upper parts on average darker brown; superciliaries, sides of head and neck
less cinnamomeous ; throat and foreneck often washed with grayish vinaceous or
grayish buff. All of these characters, except the deeper flanks, are, however, far
from being constant. Wing (twenty-two specimens) 67-74; tail 69-75; bill 16-18.
162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Phacellodomus sibilatrix Sclater*. DOERING'S THORN-BIRD.
Phacellodomus sibilatrix (DoERiNG MS.), SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 461 —
Cordoba (type in British Museum examined); WHITE, I.e., 1882, p. 612 —
Monte Grande, Prov. Buenos Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i,
p. 192, 1888 — Cordoba, Entrerios; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac.
Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool.,
16, p. 217, 1909 — La Soledad, Entrerios; Ocampo, Mocovi, Prov. Santa F£
(spec, examined).
Placellodomus sibilatrix BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 209, 1883 — Uruguay
River, Entrerios (nesting habits).
Phacelodomus sibilatrix SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 81, 1890 — Cordoba;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 300 — part, Cordoba; Ocampo,
Prov. Santa Fe"; Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. B.
Aires for 1922-23, p. 642, 1924 — Buenos Aires.
Range: Argentina, in provinces of Entrerios (La Soledad, Concep-
cion del Uruguay), Santa Fe" (Mocovi, Ocampo), Cordoba, Buenos
Airesb (Pacheco), and Terr, del Chaco (Puerto Vermejo).
*Phacellodomus ruber ( Vieillot). GREATER THORN-BIRD.
Furnarius ruber VIEELLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 12, p. 118, 1817
— based on "Afiumbi Roxo" Azara No. 220, Paraguay.
Anumbius ruber LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8,
cl. 2, p. 18, 1838 — Corrientes, and Mojos, Bolivia (spec, in Paris Museum
examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am^r. me'rid., Ois., p. 253, 1839 — same local-
ities; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 124,
1859 (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — Nos Puritis, Rio Araguay,
Goyaz; Cuyabd, Villa Maria [=San Luis de Caceres], Matto Grosso (spec,
in Vienna Museum examined).
Phacellodomus ruber REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 379
— Tolda creek, an affluent of the Rio S§o Francisco, Minas Gerafis; BERLEPSCH,
Journ. Orn., 35, p. 14, 1887 — Lambare", Paraguay; DALGLEISH, Proc. Roy.
Phys. Soc. Edin., 10, p. 79, 1889— Ytanti, s. of Asunci6n, Paraguay (nest and
egg descr.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19,
p. 84, 1906 — Paraguay, Corrientes; Paracatu, Minas Geraes; Mojos, Bolivia
(crit.); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 215, 1909 — Mocovi, Prov.
Santa Fe"; Tucuman; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 9, p. 477, 1914 — Cidade da
Barra, Prov. Bahia; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 331, 1914 — Argentina.
8 Phacellodomus sibilatrix SCLATER: Most nearly related to P. s. striaticeps, but
much smaller, with much shorter and weaker bill, and only some of the anterior
frontal feathers narrowly edged with dull rufous. It agrees, however, in having the
bend of the wing, lesser wing-coverts, basal portion of secondaries, and the lateral
rectrices cinnamon rufous. Wing 56-58; tail 60-64; bill 11-12.5.
Material. — The type from Cordoba; Ocampo 3, Mocovi, Santa F£ 2; Puerto
Vermejo, Terr, del Chaco i ; La Soledad, Entrerios i ; Pacheco, Prov. Buenos Aires i.
b The bird recorded from Buenos Aires (P. ruber DURNFORD Ibis, 1876,
p. 161 ; 1877, p. 183) might have belonged to P. sibilatrix. The specimens appear to
be lost.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 163
Placellodomus ruber SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621 — Mojos
(ex D'ORBIGNY).
Phacelodomus ruber SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80, 1890 — Bolivia;
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 112, 1893 — Corumba, Matto Grosso;
SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, Noi 292, p. 20, 1897 — San Lorenzo, Prov.
Jujuy; LILLO, Revist. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 53, 1905 — environs of
Tucumdn city; IHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 236, 1907 (range); REISER,
Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — Pedrodo Ernesto,
near Tapeira, Rio Sao Francisco, Prov. Bahia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac.
B. Aires, 18, p. 300, 1910 — Tucumdn, Jujuy, Chaco; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910,
p. 528 — Sapucay, Paraguay; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 133 — Colonia Mihano-
vitch, Terr. Formosa; Bellavista, Corrientes.
Phacellodomus rufipennis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 33 — Bolivia (type in
British Museum examined).
Phacelodomus rufipennis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 83, pi. 5, 1890 —
Bolivia; Chapada, Matto Grosso; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 15, No. 378,
p. 7, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso.
Phacellodomus ruber rubicola CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 35, p. 186, 1916
— San Lorenzo River, Matto Grosso (type in American Museum N. H. exam-
ined).
Phacellodomus striaticollis (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) KERR, Ibis,
1892, p. 132 — Lower Pilcomayo, Fortin Donovan; idem, Ibis, 1901, p. 226 —
Villa Concepcion, Paraguay; Paraguayan Chaco.
Range: Interior of Brazil, in states of Bahia (Barra, Pedro do
Ernesto, near Tapeira, Rio Sao Francisco), Minas Geraes (Paracatii,
Tolda creek), Goyaz (Nos Puritis, Rio Araguay), and Matto Grosso
(Cuyabd, Chapada, Corumba, Urucum, San Lorenzo River, San Luis
de Caceres); eastern Bolivia (plains of Moxos); Paraguay (Ytafiu,
Sapucay, Bernalcue, Concepcion, etc.); northern Argentina, in prov-
inces of Corrientes, Santa Fe", Tucuman, and Jujuy*.
4: Argentina, Prov. Tucuman (Tucuman i, Monteagudo i);
Bolivia (Buenavista 2).
• With more than thirty specimens from Matto Grosso, Paraguay, and the
Argentine Chaco before me I am unable to make out any local races. The type of
P. ruber rubicola CHERRIE is an exceptionally bright colored example with the back
very nearly as rufous as the wings, but a small series from Cuyaba, not far from the
type locality, tends to show that it merely represents the extreme of individual varia-
tion to which P. ruber is subject. While three of the specimens are nowise different
from Paraguayan birds, one adult female (Vienna Museum No. 19560, August 9,
1824) shows a slight cinnamomeous tinge above, and two others (Vienna Museum
No. 19652, male, Oct. 8, 1824; No. 19651, female, Oct. 8, 1823) closely approach the
type of rubicola, by having the upper back strongly suffused with cinnamon rufous.
The same variation occurs among Bolivian birds, the type of P. rufipennis, being an
ordinary brown backed example like others from Paraguay and Santa F£, while
D'Orbigny's Moxos specimen is almost uniform rufous above, like the type of
rubicola. This difference appears to be purely indivial and not due to age, as I was
once inclined to believe. The few specimens seen from Paracatu (Minas), near
Tapeira (Bahia), and Goyaz (Rio Araguay) seem to be similar to others from Para-
guay and Argentina.
164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Phacellodomus striaticollis striaticollis (Lajresnaye and D'Orbigny).
RUFOUS-HEADED THORN-BIRD.
Anumbius striaticollis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool.,
8, cl. 2, p. 18, 1838 — Buenos Aires (type in Paris Museum examined);
D'ORBIGNY, Voy. Amer. merid., Ois., p. 255, 1839 — Buenos Aires; Monte-
video, Maldonado, Uruguay; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 125, 1859 — Curytiba (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i,
p. 38, 1868 — Curytiba, State of Parana, Brazil (spec, in Vienna Museum
examined).
Anumbius ruber (not of VIEILLOT) GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 80, 1839
— Maldonado, Uruguay.
Phacettodomus ruber (errore) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — near
Parana, Entrerios (spec, in British Museum examined) ; idem, Reise La Plata
St., 2, p. 467, 1861 — Parana"; STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 265, 1869 —
Buenos Aires (nesting habits); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 210,
1883 — Concepcion, Entreriosb; GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 281 — Paysandu, Uru-
guay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 194, 1888 (Argentina).
Placettodomus ruber SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lend., 1868, p. 141 — Conchi-
tas, Prov. Buenos Aires (spec, in Brit. Museum examined).
Placettodomus frontalis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) DURNFORD, Ibis, 1876, p. 161 —
neighborhood of Buenos Aires, breeding (spec, in Brit. Museum examined).
Phacellodomus frontalis DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 183 — Belgrano, Prov. Buenos
Aires (spec, in Brit. Museum examined8); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 612
— Punta Lara, near Buenos Aires (spec, in Brit. Museum examined).
Placettodomus sincipitalis (nqt of CABANIS) WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 433 —
La Plata.
Pkacelodomus sincipitalis MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. B. Aires for 1922-23,
p. 642, 1924 — Buenos Aires.
Phacellodomus striaticollis SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 194, 1888 —
Uruguay, Buenos Aires (ex D'ORBIGNY); WITHINGTON, Ibis, 1888, p. 467 —
Lomas de Zamora, Prov. B. Aires; APLIN, I.e., 1894, p. 183 — Uruguay;
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 86, 1906 —
Buenos Aires, Montevideo; HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 392, 1916 — La Plata; GIBSON,
Ibis, 1918, p. 414 — Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires.
Phacelodomus striaticollis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 82, 1890 — part,
spec, a-n, Uruguay, Parana, Prov. Buenos Aires; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus.
Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 19, 1897 — part, Rosario de Santa Fe"; DABBENE,
Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 301, 1910 (part, excl. Rio Pilcomayo and
Chaco); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 133 — Cape San Antonio, Los Ynglases, Aj6,
Prov. B. Aires.
Phacellodomus striaticollis striaticollis HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16,
B Whether its range actually extends as far west as Cordoba, as Burmeister asserts,
requires confirmation.
*• See ALLEN, Auk, 6, p. 269, 1889 (crit.).
c The small bird, with paler under parts, from Baradero, mentioned by Durn-
ford, very likely pertained to P. sibilatrix.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 165
p. 216, 1919 — Pacheco, Barracas al Sud, Prov. Buenos Aires; La Soledad,
Entrerios; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 332, 1914 (range).
Phaceloscenus striaticollis TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Uruguay;
PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, San Isidro, Prov. B. Aires.
Phaceloscenus striaticollis striaticollis DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 168, 1918 —
Id. Martin Garcia; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. B. Aires for 1922-23,
p. 642, 1924 — Buenos Aires.
Range: Eastern Argentina, in provinces of Santa Fe (Rosario,
Ocampo), Entrerios, and Buenos Aires, south to Cape San Antonio;
Uruguay; southeastern Brazil, in State of Parana (Curytiba)".
i: Argentina (Ocampo, Prov. Santa Fe* i).
*Phacellodomus striaticollis maculipectus Cabamsb. SPOTTED-
BREASTED THORN-BIRD.
Phacellodomus maculipectus CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 31, p. 109, 1883 — near San
Javier, Prov. Tucuman.
Phacelodomus striaticollis (not of LAFRESNAVE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 82, 1890 — part, spec, o-p, Tucuman; SALVADORI, Boll.
Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 19, 1897 — part, Lesser, Prov. Salta.
Phacelodomus maculipectus LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 191, 1902 — •
Cumbre de la Hoyada; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 53, 1905 — La Hoyada;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 301, 1910 — La Hoyada.
Phacellodomus striaticollis maculipectus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16,
p. 216, 1909 — Norco, Villa Nougues, Prov. Tucuman; DABBENE, Bol. Soc.
Physis, i, p. 332, 1914 (range).
Range: Northwestern Argentina (in provinces of Tucuman and
Salta), and eastern Bolivia (Samaipata, Valle Grande)0,
i: Argentina (Cuesta Manfama, Prov. Tucuman i).
*Phacellodomus dorsalis Salvin*. CHESTNUT-BACKED THORN-BIRD.
Phacelodomus dorsalis SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 — "Malea" =Malca,
near Cajabamba, Peru (type in British Museum examined).
a Birds from Santa Fe (Ocampo), Entrerios, and Uruguay agree with others from
Buenos Aires. Two specimens, obtained by Natterer at Curytiba, Brazil, are darker
above, while the shafts of the feathers on the hind neck are thickened and slightly
glossy. Fourteen specimens examined.
b Phacellodomus striaticollis maculipectus CABANIS: Similar to P. s. striaticollis,
but crown brighter rufous, with conspicuous whitish shaft streaks to the frontal
feathers; basal portion of quills, and lateral rectrices deeper rufous; cheeks and malar
region variegated with light rufous, instead of being plain creamy white; chest deeper
rufous, conspicuously tipped with white; flanks darker buff; upper parts much
deeper brown; size somewhat smaller. Wing (six males) 60-63.5, (one female) 59;
tail 76-85; bill 13-14.5.
0 Three adult males from Bolivia (Valle Grande, Samaipata) agree in every re-
spect with three from .Tucuman.
d Phacellodomus dorsalis SALVIN: This exceedingly distinct species is obviously
most nearly related to P. s. maculipectus which it resembles in coloration and mark-
1 66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range: Northern Peru, in Dept. Cajamarca (Malca; Hacienda
Limon, west of Balsas).
4: Peru (Hacienda Limon, ten miles west of Balsas 4).
(
Genus SIPTORNIS Reichenbach*.
Siptornis REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Ornith., Sittinae, p. 171, 1853 — type by
monotypy Siptornis flamulata (sic) REICHENBACH (not Sittasomus flammu-
latus LESSON) =Synallaxis striaticottis LAFRESNAYE.
Siptornis striaticollis (Lafresnaye) . STRIPED-NECKED SPINE-TAIL.
Synnalaxis (sic) striaticollis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colom-
bie"=Bogotd.
Siptornis flamulata (sic) (not Sittasomus flammulatus LESSON) REICHENBACH,
Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 171, pi. DXIb = DCI, 1853 — Colombia.
Synallaxis striaticollis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota; idem,
I.e., 1874, p. 19 — Bogotd; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4,
p. 185, 1887 — Bogotd.
Siptornis striaticollis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 61, 1890 — Bogota;
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 407, 1917 — La Palma and Fusu-
gasuga, Colombia.
Range: Subtropical Zone of eastern Colombia (slopes above Mag-
dalena Valley), and Ecuador (Mapoto)b.
Genus XENERPESTES Berlepsch«.
Xenerpestes BERLEPSCH, Ibis, (5) 4, p. 54, 1886 — type by orig. desig. Xenerpestes
minlosi BERLEPSCH.
Xenerpestes minlosi Berlepsch. DOUBLE-BANDED SOFT-TAIL.
Xenerpestes minlosi BERLEPSCH, Ibis, (5) 4, p. 54, pi. 4, 1886 — Bucaramanga,
ings of chest; but is immediately recognizable by its much larger size, much
longer as well as differently shaped bill, unifom rufous tail, and by the compact
cinnamon rufous area occupying the entire upper back, besides several minor char-
acters. Wing 71-75; tail 96-99; bill 19-21.5.
8 The genus Siptornis appears to be monotypic. It differs from Cranioleuca and
Asthenes by its strikingly small, terminally much compressed bill, and exceed-
ingly short tail (barely more than two-thirds as long as wing), composed of twelve,
slightly pointed rectrices with soft shafts.
b A single female from Mapoto merely differs from Bogota skins by more gray-
ish belly, and the buff tinge of the terminal portion of the superciliary stripe. Wing
63; tail 48.5; bill ii.
0 Xenerpestes is so closely related to Metopothrix that the propriety of its generic
separation may well be questioned. In fact, the only difference I am able to discover
consists of the slightly less graduated tail and the apically more rounded (less
pointed) rectrices.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 167
Santander, Colombia (type in Berlepsch Collection examined) ; SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 73, 1890 — Bucaramanga.
Range : Tropical Zone of Colombia (Bucaramanga, and El Tambor,
Rio Lebrija, Santander; Malagita, Choco), and eastern Panama (Tacar-
cuna)».
Xenerpestes singularis (Taczanowski and Berkpscti)b. EQUATORIAL
SOFT-TAIL.
Synallaxis singularis TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 96,
pi. 7, fig. 2 — Mapoto, Prov. Ambato, 7,000 ft. alt., Ecuador (type in Warsaw
Museum examined).
Xenerpestes singularis BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1903, p. 106, 108 (crit.).
Range : Eastern Ecuador (Mapoto) .
Genus METOPOTHRIX Sclater and Salvin0.
Metopothrix SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 190 — type by mono-
typy Metopothrix aurantiacus SCLATER and SALVIN.
Metopothrix aurantiacus Sclater and Salvin. ORANGE-FRONTED SOFT-
TAIL.
Metopothrix aurantiacus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 190, pi. 18
— Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali, Peru (type in British Museum examined); idem,
I.e., 1873, p. 283 — Sarayacu, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 348, 1884
— Sarayacu; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 14, p. 292, 1888 — Sarayacu
Samiria (Maranon), Peru; Sarayacu, Ecuador; BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1903, p. 108
— Cuembi, Rio Putumayo, Colombia (crit.) (spec, examined); MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat., 19, p. 82, 1906 — Sarayacu, Peru'
(crit.).
Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Cuembi,
Rio Putumayo) through eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu) south to eastern
a Material examined. — Bucaramanga (the type) i, El Tambor, Rio Lebrija,
Santander 2 (Carnegie Museum), Malagita, Choc6 i (Carnegie Museum); Tacar-
cuna, eastern Panama i (American Museum of Natural History, New York).
b Xenerpestes singularis (TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH) : Differs chiefly from
X. minlosi by rufous (instead of blackish, white streaked) forehead; distinct rufous
streaks on anterior portion of crown; more olivaceous (less grayish) back, tail, and
wings; dingy buff under parts, with conspicuous blackish streaks, becoming evanes-
cent on the abdomen; decidedly buff under tail-coverts; finally by the white edges
to the median and greater upper wing-coverts being barely suggested. Wing (one
male, the type) 59.5 ; tail 52 ; bill 10.
"In concordance with the late Count Berlepsch's view (see Ibis, 1903, p. 108),
the genera Metopothrix and Xenerpestes are included among the Furnariidae. While
I admit that certain structural details point to affinities to the Synallaxinae, the
aberrant style of coloration suggests the desirability of further investigation of their
systematic position.
1 68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Peru (Samiria, Rio Marafion; Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali), and western
Brazil (Hyutanahan, Rio Purus)*.
Genus ANUMBIUS Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.
Anumbius LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2,
p. 17, 1838 — type by tautonomy Anumbius anthoides LAFRESNAYE and D'OR-
BIGNY = Furnarius annumbi VIEILLOT.
Sphenopyga CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 338, 1847 — type Furnarius an-
numbi VIEILLOT.
*Anumbius annumbi ( Vieilloi). FIREWOOD GATHERER.
Furnarius annumbi VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. £d., 12, p. 117,
1817 — based on Azara No. 222: "Anumbi", Paraguay.
Anthus acuticaudatus LESSON, Traits d'Orn., p. 424, 1831 — no locality given.
Anumbius anthoides LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8,
cl. 2, p. 17, 1838 — Corrientes, Argentina (type in Paris Museum examined);
D'ORBIGNY, Voy. Amer. mend., Ois., p. 252, 1839 — banks of the Rio Negro;
Bay of San Bias; Montevideo, Maldonado, Uruguay; Corrientes.
Synallaxis major GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 76, pi. 22, 1839 — Maldon-
ado, Uruguay.
Anumbius acuticaudatus BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Parand,
idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 467, 1861 — Paranab; SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 141 — Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires; PELZELN, Sit-
zungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 124, 1859 (soft parts);
idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — Faz. do Rio Verde, ItararS (S. Paulo)
Jaguaraiba, Curytiba (Parana), Beiraba legitima, near Uberaba (Minas
Geraes); STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 265, 1869 — Buenos Aires (nesting
habits); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren., 1870, p. 381 — Beiraba,
Minas; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 181 — Buenos Aires (habits); DOERING in
Roca, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, I, Zool., p. 48, 1881 — Carhue', Nueva Roma,
Prov. Buenos Aires; valleys of the Rio Colorado and Rio Negro; WHITE,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 612 — Salto and Flores (Buenos Aires), Misiones;
BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 211, 1883 — Conception, Entrerios (nest-
ing habits); GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 281 — Paisandu, Uruguay; SCLATER and
HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 189 — Argentina (habits); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 75, 1890 — Uruguay, Buenos Aires, Parana, Corrientes, Chubut;
STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 —
Cordoba; FRENZEL, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 123, 1891 — Cordoba; HOLLAND, Ibis,
"Material examined. — Colombia: Cuembi, Rio Putumayo i. Peru: Sarayacu,
Rio Ucayali 2. Brazil: Hyutanahan, Rio Purvis 3.
b Burmeister expressly states that the species is not found either in the west
(near Mendoza) or in the north (at Tucumdn). His remarks appear to have been
misunderstood by the several authors quoting Burmeister as authority for its occur-
rence at Mendoza (SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Orn., i, p. 189; DABBENE, Anal.
Mus.^Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, 1906, p. 33).
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 169
1890, p. 425; 1892, p. 202 — Est. Espartillar, Prov. B. Aires; APLIN, I.e., 1894,
p. 183 — Uruguay; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 —
Paraguari, Villa Rica, Paraguay; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 224, 1899 —
Sao Paulo; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Sao
Lourenco, Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 132 —
Los Ynglases, Aj6, Prov. Buenos Aires; GIBSON, I.e., 1918, p. 412 — Cape San
Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires (habits).
Anumbius anumbi BERG, Communic. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, i, No. 8, p. 286, 1901
(nomencl.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19,
p. 82, 1916 — Corrientes; Cascambre, S. Paulo; Maldonado, Uruguay; Rio
Negro, Patagonia (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 236, 1907 — Itarare',
(S. Paulo), Paranagua ("Sta. Catharina"= Parana), Buenos Aires; HARTERT
and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 215, 1919 — Flores, Barracas al Sud, Tigre,
Prov. B. Aires; La Soledad, Entrerios; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos
Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910 (range in Argentina); idem, I.e., 23, p. 309, 1912 —
Itape'-Mini, near Villa Rica, Paraguay (crit.); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 527 —
Sapucay, Paraguay (egg. descr.); HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 391, 1916 — La Plata;
MARELLI, El Hornero, i, p. 78, 1918 — Curuzu Cuatia, Prov. Corrientes;
DABBENE, I.e., p. 167 — Isl. Martin Garcia; TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 20, 1920
— Uruguay; RENARD, I.e., p. 59 — Canuelas, B. Aires; DAGUERRE, I.e., p. 268,
1920 — Rosas, Prov. B. Aires; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1921 — Santa
Elena, Entrerios; PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. B. Aires;
MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 611, 1924 —
prov. Buenos Aires and Entrerios.
Anumbius annumbi OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 — Sapucay,
Paraguay.
Anumbius anthoides CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 528 — Uruguay, Buenos Aires.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from western Minas Geraes (Uber-
aba, Agua Suja, near Bagagem) and Sao Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul ;
Uruguay; Paraguay; eastern Argentina, in provinces of Cordoba, Santa
Fe", Corrientes, Entrerios, Misiones, and Buenos Aires, south to the
Rio Negro and (according to Durnford) even to the lower Chubut".
21 : Argentina (Noetinger, near Marco Paz, Prov. Cordoba 16; Est.
La Maria Luisa, Bonifacio 2, Barracas al Sud, Prov. Buenos Aires i;
Las Rosas, Prov. Santa F£ 2).
8 Careful comparison of over forty skins from various parts of the range (Agua
Suja, Minas Geraes 7, Sao Paulo 5, Parand 3, Sao Lourengo, Rio Grande do Sul i,
Corrientes i, Prov. Cordoba 16, Prov. Buenos Aires 7, Paraguay i, Uruguay i, Rio
Negro 2) fails to reveal any racial differences, so far as coloration is concerned. Birds
in freshly molted plumage are more brownish above and deep buff underneath.
In abraded condition the upper parts have a more grayish tone while the under sur-
face becomes dingy whitish. While some Brazilian examples are remarkably large,
their wing measurement attaining 88 or 89 mm., the majority do not differ in size
from Paraguayan and Argentina birds, the largest of which have the wing as long
as 85 mm. This difference appears to be too insignificant to warrant the recogni-
tion of a Brazilian race. Birds from Maldonado (major GOULD) and Corrientes
(anthoides) are obviously inseparable from typical annumbi of Paraguay.
170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Subfamily MARGARORNINITHINAE.
Genus MARGARORNIS Reichenbach.
Margarornis REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 179, August
1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Sittasomus perlatus LESSON.
Anabasitta LAFRESNAYE", Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 5, p. 492, Nov. 1853 — type Ana-
bates squamiger LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY.
*Margarornis squamigera squamigera (Lafresnaye and D'0rbigny).b
SPOTTED MARGARORNIS.
Anabates squamiger LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8,
p. 14, 1838 — Ayupaya, Bolivia (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge
examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amdr. me'rid., Ois., p. 369, pi. 54, fig. 2,
1847 — near Palca, Prov. Ayupaya, Bolivia.
Anabasitta squamigera LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 5, p. 492, 1853 — part,
Bolivia.
Margarornis squamigera SAL VIN, Ibis, 1874, p. 322 (noteon type in coll. Boston Soc.
N. Hist.); SCLATER and SAL VIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 622 — Palca, Tilotilo,
Bolivia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 121, 1890 — Tilotilo, Bolivia.
Range: Western Bolivia (Palca, Cocapata, Cillutincara, Sandil-
jani, Unduavi, Tilotilo) , and extreme southeastern Peru (Carabaya Mts.) .
i: Peru (Limbani, Carabaya i).
*Margarornis squamigera peruviana Cory. PERUVIAN SPOTTED MAR-
GARORNIS.
Margarornis perlata peruviana CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i,
p. 291, 1913 — Tambo Ventija, ten miles east of Molinopampa, Dept. Ama-
zonas, Peru.
a In Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., i, p. 41 1, 1841, where it first appeared in print, Ana-
basitta is a nomen nudum.
b Margarornis squamigera squamigera (LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY:) Differs
from M. s. peruviana by deeper yellow superciliaries; almost unstreaked and brighter
yellow sides of head, with the upper portion of the auriculars more rufous brown;
deeper yellow under parts, and especially by having the crown chestnut rufous like
the back, instead of rufescent or olive brown.
A single adult female from Limbani, Peru agrees well with the average of twelve
Bolivian specimens.
0 Margarornis squamigera peruviana CORY: Similar to M. s. perlata, but super-
ciliaries, malar region, and under parts much more yellowish.
This form, although closely allied to, seems fairly separable from M. s. perlata.
In a series of seventeen Peruvian skins only two (females from Panao Mts.) are,
underneath, hardly distinguishable from the most yellowish Colombian specimens,
yet their superciliaries are decidedly brighter yellow. Besides our own material, I
have examined an immature bird from Maraynioc (Culumachay), male and female
from Torontoy, and an adult female from Cedrobamba, in the U. S. National Mu-
seum. The latter do not show any variation in the direction of M. s. squamigera.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 171
Margarornis squamigera (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) TACZANOWSKI,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 529 — Maraynioc; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 201 — Cutervo;
idem, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Tamiapampa.
Margarornis perlatus (not of LESSON) TACZANOWSKi.Orn. Per., 2, p. 164, 1884 —
Maraynioc, Cutervo, Tamiapampa.
Margarornis perlata BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 376
Maraynioc (spec, examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 85,
1921 — Cedrobamba, above Torontoy, Urubamba region (spec, examined).
Range: Temperate Zone of Peru, from depts. Amazonas and Caja-
marca south to Junin and Cuzco (Urubamba region).
13: Peru (Tambo Ventija, near Molinopampa 7, Panao Mts.,
Huanuco 6).
*Margarornis squamigera perlata (Lesson). LESSON'S SPOTTED MAR-
GARORNIS.
Sittasomus perlatus LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n, No. 12, p. 275, Aug.
n, 1844 — Colombia.
Margarornis squamigera (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 26, p. 553, 1858 — Titiacun, Pin-
ipi, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1860, p. 66 — Chillanes; I.e., p. 88 — above Puellaro;
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 160, 1862 — Bogota, Titiacun; SCLATER and
SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 781 — Paramos of M£rida, Venezuela.
Margarornis perlata SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 323 — Bogota (crit.); SCLATER and
SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 523 — Santa Elena (egg descr.); BERLEPSCH
and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1884, p. 300 — Chaguarpata; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 98 —
Banos; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 121, 1890 — Sierra of Merida,
Bogotd, Santa Elena, Medellin, Titiacun, Sical; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 24, 1899 — Pun, El Troye (Huaca), Chaupi,
Frutillas, Papallacta; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 62 — Pichincha, Papallacta;
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 416, 1917 — Cerro Munchique,
Almaguer, Valle de las Pappas, Laguneta, Santa Isabel, El Pinon, Colombia;
L6NNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 70, 1922 — above Lloa.
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Ecuador, Colombia (ex-
cept Santa Marta Mountains), and western Venezuela (Sierra of Me*r-
ida)».
15: Colombia (Bogotd 5, Almaguer 2); Venezuela, Andes of Me*r-
ida (Escorial 2, Conejos i, Nevados 2, Culata 2); Ecuador (unspeci-
fied i).
Margarornis bellulus Nelson*. BEAUTIFUL MARGARORNIS.
Margarornis bellulus NELSON, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 3, p. 12, Sept. 1912 —
a Birds from the Andes of Merida agree with those from Colombia whence I
have examined numerous specimens taken in all three ranges. Two skins from
Ecuador do not appear to be different either.
b Margarornis bellulus NELSON: Allied to M. s. perlata, but quite different by
having the top of the head bister brown, and the back including the wing-coverts
172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Mount Pirri, near head of Rio Limon, Panama (type examined).
Range: Eastern Panama (Mount Pirri).
Margarornis stellata Sclater and Salvin*. FULVOUS-SPOTTED MAR-
GARORNIS.
Margarornis stellata SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 160, 1873
— Ecuador; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 122 — Quito, Ecuador; GOOD-
FELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Intag, Ecuador; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 416, 1917 — N6vita Trail, San Antonio, Colombia.
Range: Western Ecuador (Intag), and western Colombia (N6vita
Trail, San Antonio).
*Margarornis rubiginosa rubiginosa Lawrence. COSTA RICAN MAR-
GARORNIS.
Margarornis rubiginosa LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 128, 1867
— San JosS, Costa Rica; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 122, 1890 — part,
spec, a-e, San Jose1, Irazti, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centrali-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 170, pi. 47, fig. i, 1891 — part, Costa
Rica; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 46, 1902 — Boquete, Volcan de
Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 646, 1910 — Costa Rica (hab-
its); FERRY, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Coliblanco
and Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 178, 1911 — part, Costa Rica and western Panama (Volcan de Chir-
iqui).
Range: Highlands of Costa Rica and western Chiriqui (Boquete,
Volcan de Chiriqui).
13: Costa Rica (Volcan de Turrialba 6, Coliblanco 3, El Roble,
Irazu i, La Carpintera i, unspecified 2).
Margarornis rubiginosa boultoni Griscom*. VERAGUA MARGARORNIS.
Margarornis rubiginosa boultoni GRISCOM, Amer. Mus. Novit., 141, p. 4, Oct.
1924 — Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriqui, Panama.
burnt umber (instead of chestnut rufous) ; the upper tail-coverts, rectrices, tertials,
and outer web of quills much deeper chestnut ; the superciliary streak decidedly buff,
not yellowish white; under parts as in its ally, but the yellowish spots much smaller;
the band across inner web of quills much deeper, ochraceous rather than buff ; size some-
what smaller; bill longer. Wing 72-78; tail 68-75; bill 13-14. Six specimens from the
type locality examined.
a We are not acquainted with this species which is probably but a southern race
of M . rubiginosa.
b Margarornis rubiginosa boultoni GRISCOM: "Similar to M. r. rubiginosa, but
slightly darker above; superciliary stripe deeper buff; much more deeply and richly
colored below, the chest rufous cinnamon deepening into rufous chestnut laterally
and on under tail-coverts, instead of buffy cinnamon changing to rufous cinnamon;
the spots of pale buff on the chest greatly reduced in size, minute, not at all obvious,
and present in a greatly reduced area." (GRISCOM, I.e.). I am not acquainted with
this form.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 173
Margarornis rubiginosa (not of LAWRENCE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 122, 1890 — part, spec, f, from Calobre, Veragua; SALVIN and GODMAN,
Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 170, 1891 — part, Calobre, Veragua; RIDGWAY,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 178, 1911 — part, Calobre.
Range: Highlands of eastern Chiriqui and Veragua, Panama.
Genus PREMNORNIS Ridgway.
Premnornis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type Margarornis
guttata LAWRENCE = Thripophaga guttuligera SCLATER.
Premnornis guttuligera (Sdater). SPOTTED TREE-RUNNER.
Thripophaga guttuligera SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 167 — "in Nova Gran-
ada interiore" = Bogota (type in British Museum examined; =adult); BER-
LEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 — Bogota (spec, examined); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 84, 1890 — Bogota.
Margarornis guttata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 128, 1867 —
Quito, Ecuador (type examined; =juv.); SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 3*6 (crit.);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 123, 1890 — Medellin, Bogota (spec, exam-
ined); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 25,
1899 — Niebli, Ecuador (spec, examined); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 62 —
"Pichincha", Papallacta (spec, examined).
Premnornis guttata CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 146, 1917 — San
Antonio, La Candela, La Palma, Aguadita, near Bogota, Colombia; idem,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 85, 1921 — Idma, Peru.
Premnornis guttuligera HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 14, No. 4, p. 284, 1920
— Bogota, Medellin, Colombia; Papallacta, Ecuador (crit.).
Range: Subtropical Zone of Colombia (all three ranges), Ecuador
(Niebli, Papallacta), and Peru (Idma, above Santa Ana, Urubamba
Valley, Dept. Cuzco)B.
Genus PREMNOPLEX Cherrie.
Premnoplex CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 339, Sept. 1891 — type Mar-
garornis brunnescens "LAWRENCE."
"Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda (Lawrence)*. COSTA RICAN
PREMNOPLEX.
Margarornis brunneicauda LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 130, in
text, 1867 — Costa Rica.
a According to Chapman.
Material examined. — Colombia: Bogota n, Medellin i. Ecuador: Niebli i,
Papallacta 3, "Quito" i.
b Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda (LAWRENCE) : Similar to P. b. brunnes-
cens, but paler and more olivaceous above; tail dark brown, not blackish; throat
174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Margarornis brunnescens (not of SCLATER 1856) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 123, 1890 — part, spec, a-h, Costa Rica, Chitra, Calobre, Tole, Calo-
vevora (Veragua), Chiriqui ; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centrali-Aineric.,
Aves, 2, p. 170, pi. 47, fig. 2, 1891 — part, Costa Rica to Veragua.
Premnoplex brunnescens BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 46, 1902 —
Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui; FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser.,
I, p. 270, 1910 — Guayabo and Coliblanco, Costa Rica.
Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, p. 159,
1908 — Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Veragua (char.); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie,
Mus., 6, p. 647, 1910 — Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
50, Part 5, p. 181, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.); HELL-
MAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 109, 1912 — Costa Rica,
Chiriqui, Veragua (char.).
Range: Highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui,
Veragua).
ii : Costa Rica (La Estrella de Cartago i, Volcan de Irazu 2, Guay-
abo i, Coliblanco 2, unspecified i); Panama (Boquete 4).
Premnoplex brunnescens coloratus Bangs*. SANTA MARTA PREM-
NOPLEX.
Premnoplex coloratus BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 84, 1902 — San
Miguel, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Premnoplex brunnescens (not of SCLATER) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13,
p. loo, 1899 — San Miguel, Chirua.
Margarornis brunnescens ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 157, 1900 —
El Libano, Las Nubes, Valparaiso.
Premnoplex brunnescens coloratus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, p. 159,
1908 — Santa Marta Mts. (crit.); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg.,
78, A, Heft 5, p. 109, 1912 — Tagua ( = Las Taguas) (crit.); TODD and CAR-
RIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 292, 1922 — Las Nubes, El Libano, Cincin-
nati, San Miguel, Paramo de Mamarongo, Las Taguas, San Lorenzo, Sierra
Nevada of Santa Marta, Heights of Chirua (crit.).
Range: Northern Colombia (Santa Ma^rta Mountains).
Premnoplex brunnescens rostratus Hellmayr and Seilernb. VENEZUE-
LAN PREMNOPLEX.
Premnoplex brunnescens rostratus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, p. 107, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela.
paler, buff rather than ochraceous; under parts more olivaceous, with the dusky
margins to the light spots less pronounced. Twenty- six specimens from Costa Rica
and Chiriqui examined.
a Premnoplex brunnescens coloratus BANGS: Nearest to P. b. brunnescens, but
much less rufous above, tail more brownish, throat slightly paler; similar also to
P. b. brunneicauda, but throat deeper ochraceous, spots on lower parts brighter buff
and much more heavily margined with black. Four specimens examined.
b Premnoplex brunnescens rostratus HELLMAYR and SEILERN: Closely allied to
P. b. coloratus, but with longer bill; top of head much darker olive, back, etc., much
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 175
Range: Northern Venezuela, in states of Carabobo (Cumbre de
Valencia) and Lara (Guarico, Paramo de Rosas)8.
*Premnoplex brunnescens brunnescens (Sdater). SCLATER'S SPOTTED
PREMNOPLEX.
Margarornis brunnescens SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, p. 27, pi. 116, 1856 —
Bogota, Colombia; idem, I.e., 1860, p. 88 — Nanegal; SCLATER and SALVIN,
I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Santa Elena; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Huambo;
BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 563 — Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1884,
p. 300 — Cayandeled; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 98 — Machay, Mapoto; TACZANOW-
SKI, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 166, 1884 — Huambo; BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4,
p. 185, 1887 — Bogota; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 123, 1890 — part,
spec, i-n, Bogota, Frontino; Baeza, Ecuador; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 25, 1899 — Gualea; GOODFELLOW, Ibis,
1902, p. 6 1 — Baeza (spec, examined).
Premnoplex brunnescens brunnescens BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, p. 159,
1908 — from central and western Colombia to Peru (crit.); HELLMAYR and
SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 108, 1912 — Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru (crit.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 416, 1917 — Las
Lomitas, San Antonio, Cocal, Cerro Munchique, Gallera, La Florida, Mira-
flores, Salento, La Palma, Aguadita, Buenavista, Colombia.
Premnoplex brunnescens MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. ge"ogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat.,
9, p. B 44, 1911 — Santo Domingo (range in part).
Range: Subtropical Zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta region),
Ecuador, and northern Peru (Huambo, Dept. Loreto; Huachipa, Vista
Alegre, Dept. Huanuco)b.
5: Colombia (Bogota i Cocal i, La Florida i); Peru (Huachipa i,
Vista Alegre i).
Premnoplex brunnescens stictonotus (Berlepsck)0. BOLIVIAN PREM-
NOPLEX.
Margarornis stictonota BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 95, 1901 — Chaco, Yungas
of La Paz (type), Locotol, Prov. Cochabamba (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH
and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 114, 1906 — Huaynapata, Marcapata, Peru.
deeper rufous brown, tail blackish. Wing 59-64; tail 56-62; bill 16.5-18. Ten speci-
mens from the type locality examined.
a The recently described P. tatei CHAPMAN (Amer. Mus. Novit., 191, p. 7, Oct.
1925) from Mt. Turumiquiri, n. e. Venezuela, characterized by ivory white under
parts and streaked nape, is probably another race of this group.
b The Peruvian specimens agree with a series from more northern localities.
Material. — Bogota 3, Cocal i, La Florida i, "Quito" 2, Rio Pastaza (El Topo,
Alpayacu) 3, Baeza i, Paramba, Prov. Esmeraldas 2, Peru 2.
0 Premnoplex brunnescens stictonotus (BERLEPSCH) : Differs from P. b. brunnescens
by having the upper back marked with distinct buff shaft streaks, the buff spots on
the belly larger, and the ochraceous mesial stripes on the under tail-coverts much
broader. Wing 60-62; tail 61; bill 14. Three specimens, including the type, from
Bolivia examined.
176 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range: Western Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba)
and southeastern Peru (Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco).
Subfamily PHILYDORINAE.
Genus PSEUDOCOLAPTES Reichenbach.
Pseudocolaptes REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 209,
1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Anabates auritus LICHTENSTEIN.
Otipne CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 30, 1859 — type by monotypy
Anabates boissonneautii LAFRESNAYE.
*Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii lawrencii Ridgway*. LAWRENCE'S
PSEUDOCOLAPTES.
Pseudocolaptes lawrencii RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, p. 253, 254, Dec.
1878 — Navarro and La Palma, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 153, 1891 — part, Navarro, La Palma, Costa Rica;
BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 44, 1902 — Boquete, Volcan de Chir-
iqui; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 83,
1906 (crit., type of P. costaricensis = juv.) ; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6,
p. 637, 1910 — Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 197, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.).
Pseudocolaptes costaricensis BOUCARD, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 5, p. 230, 1880 —
Navarro, Costa Rica (type examined).
Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1878, p. 59 — Navarro, Costa Rica.
Pseudocolaptes lawrencei FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 2 70,
1910 — Volcan de Turrialba.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii lawrencii HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg.,
78, A, Heft 5, p. 99, 1912 (crit.).
Range: Highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Boquete,
Volcan de Chiriqui).
4: Costa Rica (Volcan de Turrialba 2, Irazii 2).
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii panamensis Griscomb. PANAMA PSEU-
DOCOLAPTES.
Pseudocolaptes lawrencii panamensis GRISCOM, Amer. Mus. Novit., 141, p. 4,
Oct. 1924 — Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriqui, Panama.
8 Though readily distinguishable, besides some minor characters, by the deep
buff neck tufts and black outer web of the primaries, this is nothing but a northern
representative of P. boissonneautii.
b Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii panamensis GRISCOM: "Similar to P. b. lawrencii,
but mesial streaks on hind neck and upper back lighter and burner, less tawny;
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 177
Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870,
p. 192 — Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua.
Pseudocolaptes lawrencii (not of RIDGWAY) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 79, 1890 — Cordillera del Chucu, Calobre, Veragua; SALVIN and GODMAN,
Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 153, 1891 — part, Veragua.
Range: Western Panama (Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriqui; Cordil-
lera del Chucu, Calobre, Veraguas).
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii striaticeps Hellmayr and Seilern*.
VENEZUELAN PSEUDOCOLAPTES.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii striaticeps HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg.,
78, A, Heft 5, p. 97, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo.
Otipne boissoneaui (not of LAFRESNAYE) CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2,
p. 30, 1859 — Caracas.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 78, 1890 — part,
spec, j, k, Venezuela (spec, examined).
Range : Coast Mountains of northern Venezuela, in State of Cara-
bobo (Cumbre de Valencia), and Dept. Federal Occidental (Silla de
Caracas, Cerro del Avila).
*Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii meridae Hartert and Goodsonb. MER-
IDA PSEUDOCOLAPTES.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii meridae HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
p. 499, Dec. 1917 — El Valle, M6rida.
back, scapulars, and secondaries more olivaceous, less tawny brown, abruptly con-
trasted with the rufous tawny rump; subauricular tuft paler buff; flanks browner,
less cinnamon; thighs distinctly less cinnamon than flanks; bill shorter and deeper,
with maxilla distinctly decurved." (GRISCOM, I.e.).
This race which we have not seen, by its less tawny coloration, appears to form
the transition to the South American representatives.
a Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii striaticeps HELLMAYR and SEILERN: Differs from
P. b. boissonneautii by the streaks of the pileum being much broader and deeper in
tone, more fulvous brown; the upper back brighter cinnamomeous, the light spots
narrower and without blackish margins; the superciliary stripe deeper ochraceous
buff and much more pronounced; malar region, throat, and foreneck tinged with
pale sulphur yellow instead of almost pure white. Wing (four males) 105-112, (five
females) 97-103; tail (male) 91-100, (female) 88-95; bill (male) 21-22, (female)
25-26.5.
Material. — Cumbre de Valencia 5, Galipan, Cerro del Avila 2, Silla de Caracas 2.
b Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii meridae HARTERT and GOODSON: Similar to
P. b. boissonneautii in markings of head and back, but malar region, throat and fore-
neck tinged with pale sulphur yellow (as in P. b. striaticeps) and squamate markings
on chest much less pronounced than in either; superciliary streak slightly darker
than in the typical race. Wing (males) 105-110, (females) 96-103; tail (male) 96-
103, (female) 94-97; bill (male) 20-21, (female) 25-28.5.
Material. — Andes of Me"rida: Valle 4, Escorial 5, Culata i, Rio Mucujon 2,
Paramo de Tama 3.
178 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Pseiulocolaptes boissoneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1870, p. 781 — Sierra Nevada of Merida; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
IS» P- ?8, 1890 — part, spec, h, i, Sierra of M&ida.
Range: Western Venezuela (Andes of Merida, west to the Par-
amo de Tama, on the Colombian line).
8: Venezuela (Escorial 2, Culata i, Rio Mucujon 2, Paramo de
Tama 3).
*Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii boissonneautii (Lafresnaye) . Bois-
SONNEAU'S PSEUDOCOLAPTES.
Anabates Boissonneautii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 104, 1840 — Santa Fe" de
Bogota, Colombia.
Pseudocolaptes semicinnamomeus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae,
p. 210, 1853 — Santa F6 de Bogota.
Pseudocolaptes boissoneautii oberholseri CORY, Auk, 36, p. 275, 1919 — Quito,
Ecuador.
Anabates boissoneaui SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota.
Pseudocolaptes boissoneauti* SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 88 — Puellaro,
Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 156, 1862 — Bogota, Puellaro;
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 521 — Frontino, Santa Elena,
Antioquia; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 307, 1884 — Bucaramanga; idem
and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 299 — La Union, Ecuador; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 78, 1890 — part, spec, a-g, 1-p, Medellin, Santa Elena,
Bogota; Puellaro, Quito, San Lucas, Ecuador; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22, 1899 — part, Huaca, Nanegal, Pela-
gallo, Gualea, Frutillas, Chaupi, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 —
Pichincha, Coraz6n, Valle de Viciosa, Ecuador; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv.
G6ogr. Mes. Arc MeYid. Equat., 9, p. B 41, 1911 — Nono, Gualea; LONNBERG
and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69, 1922 — part, above Mindo, road
to Nanegal, road to Gualea.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii boissonneautii CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 408, 1917 — La Florida, Cerro Munchique, Almaguer, western Andes;
Santa Elena, Santa Isabel, Laguneta, La Candela, central Andes; El Roble,
near Bogota, eastern Andes.
Range : Andes of Colombia, and western Ecuador (except Prov. of
Loja in the extreme south)b.
4: Colombia (Bogota 2, La Florida, Cauca i, coast range west of
Popayan i).
a Variously spelled boissoneauti, boissoneautii, boissonneauti, boissonneautii,
boissoneaui and boissonneaui.
b It appears to me impossible to maintain the distinction of the form oberholseri.
Although some of the birds from western Ecuador (Quito, Pichincha) have very dark
rufous tails, a good many are quite indistinguishable from Colombian specimens
which, moreover, exhibit much individual variation in this respect.
Material. — Bogota 14, west of Popayan 5, Santa Elena 2, Quito 8, Pichincha 3.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 179
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii johnsoni Ldnnberg and Rendahl*.
JOHNSON'S PSEUDOCOLAPTES.
Pseudocolaptes johnsoni LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69,
1922 — Baeza, road to Napo, Ecuador.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 96 — San Rafael, east side of Tunguragua; SALVADORI
and FESTA, 'Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22, 1899 — part, Pun.
Pseudocolaptes boissoneaui LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25,
p. 69, 1922 — part, below Papallacta.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti johnsoni CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 14,
1923 — Baeza, below Papallacta.
Range: Eastern Ecuador (Baeza, Papallacta, Bafios, San Rafael,
Pun).
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii intermedianus Chapman*. INTERMED-
IATE PSEUDOCOLAPTES.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii intermedianus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86,
p. 14, Aug. 1923 — El Tambo, western Andes, Dept. Piura, Peru.
Range: Andes of southern Ecuador (Alamor Range, Zaruma-
Zaraguro Trail, Prov. Loja), and northwestern Peru (Dept. Piura).
*Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianus Hellmayr*. NORTH PERU-
VIAN PSEUDOCOLAPTES.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianns (err. typog.) HELLMAYR, Anz. Orn. Ges.
Bay., I, p. 3, Feb. 1919 — Leimabamba, Dept. Amazonas, Peru.
a Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii johnsoni LONNBERG and RENDAHL: The only
appreciable difference from P. b. boissonneautii consists of the decidedly wider and
deeper black squamate markings below which, instead of being confined to the chest,
extend well over the foreneck and the upper abdomen. Besides, the ochraceous
spots on the upper back average slightly broader, with the blackish margins more
conspicuous. Tail as a rule so dark as in certain West Ecuadorian examples. Wing
(males) 113-115, (females) 105-107; tail (male) 97-103, (female) 93-101; bill (male)
21-22, (female) 25-27.
Two birds from below Papallacta agree with others from Baeza and Bafios and
must be referred to P. b. johnsoni, if it be maintained.
Material examined. — Baeza 2, below Papallacta 2, Bafios 2, "Sarayacu" i.
b Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii intermedianus CHAPMAN : Very similar to P. b.
johnsoni, but larger, with longer bill (not shorter, as stated in original description),
and dorsal spots on average narrower and less heavily margined with black. Dif-
fers from P. b. boissonneautii by larger size, longer bill, and more heavily marked
breast. Wing (two males) 117-124; tail 107-109; bill 23-24.
Material examined. — Taraguacocha, Zaruma-Zaraguro Trail, Ecuador i, Palam-
bla, Piura, Peru i.
0 Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianus HELLMAYR: Similar to P. b. auritus in
pale sulphur yellowish malar region and throat (thereby immediately distinguished
from the Ecuadorian and Colombian races) ; but neck tufts white (instead of yellow-
i8o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianus HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 14,
No. i, p. 129, June 1919 — Cutervo, Nancho, Leimabamba, Chachapoyas,
Cumpang, Peru.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1880, p. 200 — Cutervo (spec, examined); idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 145, 1884 —
part, Cutervo, Nancho; MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., i, No. 20, p. 322,
1910 — Cumpang, n.e. of Leimabamba; HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool.,
24, p. 500, 1917 — Leimabamba.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneaui fiavescens BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1896, p. 374 — part, Cutervo.
Range: Northern Peru, in depts. Cajamarca, Amazonas, Libertad,
and Huanuco.
i: Peru (Panao Mts., Huanuco i).
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii auritus (Tschudi)*. YELLOW-TUFTED
PSEUDOCOLAPTES.
Auabates auritus (LICHTENSTEIN MS.) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 294,
1844 — Peru, we suggest Maraynioc, Dept. Juninb (type in Berlin Museum
examined); idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 239, 1846 — Peru.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneaui flavescens BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1896, p. 374 — part, type locality Maraynioc (spec, examined); HARTERT and
GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 499-500, in text, 1917 — Maraynioc and Bolivia
(crit.).
Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond..
1874, P- 528 — Maraynioc; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 621 — Tilotilo.
Bolivia; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 145, 1884 — part, Maraynioc; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 78, 1890, part, spec, q, r, Tilotilo.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii auritus CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 84,
1921 — Torontoy, Urubamba region; idem, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 15,
I923 — Maraynioc, Chilpes, Junin; Torontoy, Urubamba; Santo Domingo
and below Limbani, Marcapata district.
ish like the throat); cinnamon rufous of rump and tail lighter; bill much longer.
Wing (male) 115, (female) 107-110; tail (male) 107, (female) 99-103; bill (male) 23,
(female) 26-29.
An adult female from Huanuco (Panao Mts.), while otherwise identical with those
from more northern localities, shows just a faint yellowish tinge on the neck-tufts,
thus indicating intergradation to P. b. auritus.
Material examined. — Cutervo i, Leimabamba 3, Chachapoyas i, Panao Mts. i.
B Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii auritus (TSCHUDI), in addition to having the neck-
tufts pale yellowish like the throat and foreneck, is characterized among its allies
by the much less developed sexual difference in length and shape of the bill, the
latter being but slightly longer in the females. Wing (males) m-ii8, (females) 97-
104; tail (male) 103-110, (female) 95-102; bill (male) 19-20.5, (female) 22-23.5.
Material examined. — Peru: Maraynioc 3, Santo Domingo 2. Bolivia: Coca-
pata 8, San Cristobal 2, Chaco 2, Pucuyuni i.
b See HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 14, No. i, p. 130, footnote, 1919.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 181
Range: Andes of central and southeastern Peru (in depts. Junin,
Cuzco, and Puno), and western Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz).
Genus BERLEPSCHIA Ridgway.
Berlepschia RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 151, July 1887 — type Pico-
laptes rikeri RIDGWAY.
Berlepschia rikeri (Ridgway). RIKER'S POINTED-TAIL.
Picolaptes rikeri RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 523, Nov. 1886 — Diaman-
tina, near Santarem, Brazil.
Berlepschia rikeri SCLATER, Ibis, 1889, p. 351, pi. n — Diamantina; idem, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 79 — same locality; CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, p. 26,
1891 — same locality; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Para; idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 326, 1914 — Pard; HELLMAYR, Abh. math. phys. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Pard; CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 31,
P- 39. 1913 — east bank of Essequibo River near its mouth, Brit. Guiana; idem,
Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 101, pi. 2, 1921 — Supenaam, Camacabra Creek,
Brit. Guiana.
Range: Northern Brazil (Para; Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio
Tapaj6z) and British Guianaa.
Genus PSEUDOSEISURA Reichenbach.
Homorus (not of ALBERS 1850) REICHENBACH, Handbuch spez. Ornith., Scans.,
A, Sittinae, p. 172, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (Gray, 1855) Homorus
lophotes REICHENBACH.
Pseudoseisura REICHENBACH, I.e., p. 172, 1853 — type by monotypy Anabates
gutturalis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY.
*Pseudoseisura cristata cristata (Spioc). CRESTED CACHALOTE.
Anabates cristatus SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 83, pi. 84, 1824 — Malhada, Rio Sao
Francisco, s. Bahia (types in Munich Museum examined); BURMEISTER, Syst.
tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 26, 1856 — Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes; REINHARDT,
Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 378 — Malhada (ex SPIX), Sete
Lagoas (ex BURMEISTER).
Homorus cristatus SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 86, 1890 — part, Bahia;
REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 —
Solidade, near Carnahyba, Barra, Rio Sao Francisco, Prov. Bahia; Riacho da
Raiz, near Uniao, Rio Parnahyba, Prov. Piauhy (spec, examined).
Pseudoseisura cristata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. d'Hist. Nat., 19,
p. 87, 1906 — part, spec, a-c, Bahia, Rio Sao Francisco; HELLMAYR, Abh. 2.
Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 629, 1906 — Malhada, Bahia (crit.);
• Two (unsexed) specimens from British Guiana agree well with an adult male
from Pard, but have slightly shorter wings.
1 82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 9, p. 438, 477, 1914 — Barra, Prov. Bahia (nesting
habits).
Range: River banks of eastern Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes
(Sete Lagoas, Rio das Velhas), Bahia (Rio Sao Francisco; Rio do Peixe,
near Queimadas), and Piauhy (Ibiapaba; near Uniao, Rio Parnahyba)a.
7 : Brazil (Rio do Peixe, near Queimadas, Bahia 6 ; Ibiapaba, Piauhy
i).
Pseudoseisura cristate unirufa (Lajresnaye and D'0rbigny)b. WESTERN
CRESTED CACHALOTE.
Anabates unirufus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8,
cl. 2, p. 16, 1838 — Moxos, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined); D'OR-
BIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 259, 370, pi. 55, fig. i, 1839, 1847 —
Mission Magdalena, Prov. Moxos, Bolivia.
Homorus galatheae LEVERKUHN, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 106, 1889 — Cuyaba, Matto
Grosso (type in Berlin Museum examined).
Anabates cristatus (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, math,
naturw. Kl., 34, p. 126, 1859 — Cuyaba, Villa Maria; idem, Orn. Bras., i,
p. 39, 1868 — Cuyaba, Villa Maria [=San Luiz de Caceres], Matto Grosso
(spec, examined).
Homorus unirufus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621 — Moxos
(ex D'ORBIGNY).
aThe localities "Rio" and "Para" as given by SCLATER (Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 87) do not rest on reliable authority.
b Pseudoseisura cristata unirufa (LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY): Very similar to
P. c. cristata, but averaging smaller with slenderer bill ; general coloration of plumage
deeper cinnamon rufous, and feathers of pileum always more or less tipped (or
edged) with ashy.
Having lately compared eleven specimens, including the types of Anabates uni-
rufus and Homorus galatheae, with eighteen of typical cristata from eastern Brazil,
I find the western race to be separable after all, although single examples are not
always distinguishable. Birds from Matto Grosso (galatheae LEVERKI)HN) are in
every respect similar to three from Moxos, Bolivia (unirufa).
MEASUREMENTS OF ADULTS
WING TAIL BILL
Pseudoseisura cristata cristata
One male, Malhada, Bahia 106 102 22
Four males, Rio do Peixe, Bahia 108-109 100,103,109,110 22-24
One female, Rio do Peixe, Bahia 105 100 22.5
One female, Solidade, near Joazeiro 108 105 22.5
One female, Barra, Bahia 100 102 20
One female, near Uniao, Piauhy 105 108 22
One female, Malhada, Bahia 99 100 20
Seven unsexed trade skins, Bahia loo-no 100-112 22-24.5
Pseudoseisura cristata unirufa
One unsexed adult, Moxos, Bolivia 96 97 19
One male, Trinidad, Prov. Mamore',
Bolivia 102 20
Three males, Matto Grosso 100,101,103 95,101,102 19.5,20,20
One female, Trinidad, Bolivia 100 103 18.5
Five females, Matto Grosso 95-97i once 100 94-100 19-20
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 183
Homorus cristatus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 86, 1890 — part, spec, e, h,
Corumba, Bolivia; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 113, 1893 — Corumba,
Matto Grosso; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 7, 1900 — Car-
andasinho, Matto Grosso; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 134 — Pasage de Bagre, Matto
Grosso.
Pseudoseisura cristata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 87, 1906 — part, spec, d, Moxos.
Pseudoseisura cristata unirufa HELLMAYR, Abh. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, p. 629, 1906 — Moxos and Matto Grosso (crit.).
Range: Southwestern Brazil, in Province of Matto Grosso (Cuyaba,
San Luis de Caceres, Rio San Lorenzo, Corumba, Carandasinho), and
adjacent parts of eastern Bolivia (Llanos of Moxos, Trinidad).
*Pseudoseisura lophotes (Reichenbach) . BROWN CACHALOTE.
Homorus lophotes REICHENBACH*, Handbuch spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae,
p. 172, Aug. 1853 — "Bolivia" (locality no doubt incorrect); HUDSON, Ibis,
1885, p. 283 — shores of the River Plata, Prov. Buenos Aires (habits) ; SCLATER
and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 195, pi. 9, 1888 — Argentina (habits); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 85, 1890 — Mendoza, Cordoba, Catamarca;
Paysandu, Bella Vista, Uruguay; APLIN, Ibis, 1894, P- l%4 — Arroyo Grande,
Santa Elena, Uruguay; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 282 (La Rioja,
Chilecito), 291 (Catamarca), 1895.
Anabates cristatus (not of SPIX) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in
Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 15, 1838 — Corrientes; D'ORBIGNY, Voy. AmeY. me'rid.,
Ois., p. 258, 1839 — near San Lorenzo, Prov. Santa F£ (spec, examined).
Anabates unirufus (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) BURMEISTER, Journ.
Orn., 8, p. 249, 1860 — Campos of Argentina; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2,
p. 466, 1 86 1 — interior of Argentina, particularly near Cordoba (habits, egg
descr.).
Anabates lophotes BURMEISTER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 636 — Cordoba, San Luis,
La Rioja (crit.); DOERING, Period. Zool. Argent., I, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guay-
quiraro, Corrientes; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10,
p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba.
Homorus unirufus WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 612 — Fuerte de Andalgala,
Catamarca.
Homorus lophotus BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 212, 1883 — Concepcion
del Uruguay, Entrerios (habits).
Pseudosizura lophotes LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 191, 1902 — Burro-
Yucu, Leales, Graneros, Prov. Tucumdn; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tuc.,
3, p. 54, 1915 — same localities.
^"Anabates lophotes BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, p. 210, 1850 (subcristalus?
SWAINSON, B. of Brazil, pi. 31) ex Buenos Aires," quoted by Reichenbach, refers
to the apparently unpublished pi. 81 of Swainson's Ornith. Drawings (see SWAINSON,
Classif. Birds, 2, p. 317, 1837), and is» consequently, a pure nomen nudum.
1 84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Pseudoseisura lophotes MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 88, 1906 — Santa F6, La Banda, Santiago; HARTERT and VENTURI,
Nov. Zool., 16, p. 217, 1909 — Cosquin, Cordoba, San Juan, La Banda, San-
tiago del Estero; La Soledad, Entrerios; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,
18, p. 301, 1910 — range in Argentina; MARELLI, El Hornero, i, p. 78, 1918 —
Curuzu-Cuatid, Corrientes; RODRIGUEZ, I.e., p. 105 (habits); SANZIN, I.e.,
p. 150 — Alto Verde, Mendoza; TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 20, 1920 — Rio Negro,
Paysandu, Uruguay; SERIE and SMITH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1923 — Santa Elena,
Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73 — La Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 174 — Conhello,
Gob. de la Pampa.
Range: Western Uruguay (Dept. Soriano, Rio Negro, Paysandu),
and central Argentina, from Entrerios, Corrientes, and the mouth of
the La Plata west to Mendoza and San Juan, north to Catamarca,
Santiago del Estero, and eastern parts of Province of Tucuman.
7: Argentina (El Carrizal, Sierra of Cordoba i, Noetinger, near
Marco Paz, Prov. Cordoba 4, Chumbuha, Prov. Catamarca 2).
Pseudoseisura gutturalis (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). WHITE-
THROATED CACHALOTE.
Anabates gutturalis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8,
cl. 2, p. 15, 1838 — Patagonia (types in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY,
Voyage Ame"r. me"rid., Ois., p. 257, 370, pi. 55, fig. 3, 1839 — not far from
the banks of the Rio Negro, Patagonia; BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250,
1860 — Mendoza; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 467, 1861 — Mendoza;
DoERiNGin Roca, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 48, 1881 — between Rio
Colorado and Rio Negro.
Homorus gutturalis HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 545 — Rio Negro (habits);
SCLATER, I.e., p. 548,549; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 36 — Chubut; idem, I.e.,
1878, p. 396 — Chubut; HUDSON, I.e., 1885, p. 284 (habits); SCLATER and
HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 197, 1888 — Rio Negro (habits); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., is, p. 86, 1890 — Mendoza, Rio Negro, Chubut; OUSTALET, Miss.
Sci. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B 275, 1891 — Patagonia; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus.
La Plata, 6, p. 282, 1895 — Chilecito, La Rioja.
Pseudoseisura gutturalis MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat., 19,
p. 88, 1906 — Rio Negro, Patagonia; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16,
p. 218, 1909, — Boca, Rio Negro; Cachi, Prov. Salta; DABBENE, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 302, 1910 — range; REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 33,
1916 — Precordillera of Mendoza; SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Men-
doza; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 318, 1923 — Huanuluan, Maquin-
chao, Gob. del Rio Negro; GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, p. 73, 1923 — Chile-
cito, La Rioja.
Range: Argentina, in Gob. del Rio Negro and Neuquen, from
the Rio Colorado south to the Chubut; also occurring sparingly in
provinces of Mendoza, La Rioja (Chilecito), and even Salta (Cachi,
2500 m. alt.).
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 185
Genus HYLOCTISTES Ridgway.
Hyloctistes RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 72, 1909 — type Philydor vir-
gatus LAWRENCE.
Hyloctistes subulatus subulatus (Spix). AMAZONIAN HYLOCTISTES.
Sphenura subulata SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 82, pi. 83, fig. i, 1824 — "in sylvis flumin-
is Amazonum" (type in Munich Museum examined).
Ipoborus (Automolus} stictoptilus CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 66, 1873 — Monter-
ico, n.e. Ayacucho, Peru.
Anabates melanorhynchus (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 61,
1858 — Rio Napo.
Automolus subulatus SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 158, 1862 — Rio Napo,
Rio Huallaga; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Chamicuros,
Peru (nest and eggs descr.); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 149, 1884 — Chami-
curos, Huallaga, Yurimaguas, Monterico, Peru (crit.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 90, 1890 — Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Ecuador; Chamicuros,
Peru; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Suno, Coca, Rio Napo (spec, exam-
ined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 628, 1906 —
Amazon; Cuembi, Rio Putumayo, Colombia; Coca, Ecuador (crit.); SNETH-
LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 327, 1914 (descr., range).
Ipoborus stictoptilus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 528 — Monterico;
idem, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas.
Automolus subulatus subulatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 320, 1910 — Calama,
Rio Madeira.
Hyloctistes subulatus subulatus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 408,
1917 — Florencia, Rio Caqueta.
Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Cuembi,
Rio Putumayo; Florencia, Rio Caqueta) through eastern Ecuador to
Peru (Chamicuros, Yurimaguas, Dept. Loreto; Monterico, Dept. Aya-
cucho), and western Brazil, east to the Rio Madeira (Calama) a.
*Hyloctistes subulatus assimilis (Berlepsch and Taczanowski)*. PACI-
FIC HYLOCTISTES.
Automolus assimilis BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 561 —
a Birds from Coca and the Rio Putumayo agree with the type and an example
from the Rio Madeira, while one from Chamicuros, Peru does not appear to be dif-
ferent either. I have not seen specimens from Monterico (stictoptilus CABANIS)
which, according to Taczanowski, present slight differences.
b Hyloctistes subulatus assimilis (BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI) : Differs from
H. s. subulatus by darker, more rufescent brown back; much darker chestnut rufous
rump and tail; by lacking the buff shaft streaks on crown and hindneck, only the
forehead being indistinctly streaked; more olivaceous under parts, etc. Wing
80-88; tail 64-70; bill 20-22.
Material. — Ecuador: Chimbo i; Prov. Esmeraldas, Paramba 3, San Javier i,
Ventana i, Carondelet i. Colombia: Sipi 2, Tad6 2, Noanama i.
1 86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Chimbo, Ecuador; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 491, 1898 — Chimbo, Cach-
avi (spec, examined).
Automolus subulatus assimilis HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No.
3, p. 628, 1906 — w. Ecuador (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 320, 1910 (crit.).
Hyloctistes subulatus assimilis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1150 — Sipi,
Noanama, Tad6, Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 408,
1917 — Juntas de Tamana, N6vita, Barbacoas, Buenavista (Narino), Col-
ombia.
Range: Pacific coast of Colombia (from the Rio San Juan south-
wards), and Ecuador (south to Chimbo).
i: Ecuador (Chimbo i).
*Hyloctistes subulatus virgatus (Lawrence)*. STRIPED HYLOCTISTES.
PUlydor virgatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 468, 1867 —
Angostura, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 9, p. 106, 1868 — Angostura; BERLEPSCH,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, "1888", p. 563, Sept. 1889 (crit. on type).
Automolus virgatus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr. Americ., Aves, 2, p. 155,
1891 — Angostura; CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, p. 39, 1893 —
Palmar, Costa Rica; BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Pozo del Rio Grande,
Costa Rica. "
Hyloctistes virgatus CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 639, 1910 — Costa Rica;
RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 200, 1911 — Costa Rica and
Panama (monog.).
Automolus subulatus virgatus HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, p. 628, 1906 — Carrillo, Costa Rica (crit.).
Hyloctistes subulatus virgatus HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1151 (crit.).
Range: Costa Rica and Panama (Nata, Code"),
i : Costa Rica (Palmar i).
Hylostictes subulatus nicaraguae Miller and Griscom*. NICARAGUAN
HYLOSTICTES.
Hylostictes virgatus nicaraguae MILLER and GRISCOM, Amer. Mus. Novit., 159,
p. 2, 1925 — Rio Grande, Nicaragua.
Range: Nicaragua (Rio Grande, Pena Blanca).
a Hyloctistes subulatus virgatus (LAWRENCE): Differs from H. s. assimilis by
more elongated as well as slenderer bill; bright chestnut brown wings; more blackish
pileum and hindneck with sharply denned, buff shaft streaks, which extend also
over the upper back, etc. Wing 75-82; tail 65-71; bill 23-24. Six specimens from
Costa Rica examined.
b Hyloctistes subulatus nicaraguae MILLER and GRISCOM: "Similar to H. s. vir-
gatus, but upper parts much darker, more blackish brown, less rufescent; inter-
scapulium and back more heavily streaked, the light and dark areas on each feather
more contrasted; under parts slightly darker, particularly the dark margins to the
f eathers of the throat and breast, which are duskier, less olive or brown ; flanks and
sides never rufescent, more olive, less tawny; culmen a little shorter (20-22 against
22-24.5)." (MILLER and GRISCOM, I.e.).
We are not acquainted with this race.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 187
Genus ANCISTROPS Sclater.
Ancistrops SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 157, 1862 — type by monotypy
Anabates lineaticeps SCLATER = Thamnophilus strigilatus SPIX.
*Ancistrops strigilatus (Spix). SPIX'S HOOK-BILL.
Thamnophilus strigilatus SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, p. 26, pi. 36, fig. i, 1825 — no locality
given, we suggest Rio Solimoes, Brazil (type in Munich Museum examined) ;
PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 78, 1868 — Borba, Rio Madeira (spec, examined).
Anabates lineaticeps SCLATER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 17, p. 468, 1856 — eastern
Peru; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 61, 1858 — Rio Napo.
Ancistrops lineaticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 566 — Rio
Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 750 — Xeberos, Chyavetas; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 270
— lower Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882,
p. 26 — Yurimaguas (spec, examined); idem, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 147, 1884 —
Peruvian localities.
Ancistrops strigilatus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 103, 1890 — Nauta,
Chamicuros, Peru; Sarayacu, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 —
Coca, Rio Napo (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 346,
1905 — Ri° Jurua (spec, examined); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 241, 1907 —
Rio Jurua; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 2, p. 657,
1906 (crit. on type); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 54, 1907 — TeS6, Rio Solimoes;
idem, I.e., 17, p. 320, 1910 — Borba, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 330, 1914 (descr., range); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 413, 1917 — La Morelia, Rio Caqueta.
Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Rio
Caqueta) through Ecuador to eastern Peru, and western Brazil, east
to the Rio Madeira (Borba) a.
i : Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis i).
Genus ANABAZENOPS Lafresnaye.
Anabazenops LAFRESNAYE, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., i, livr. 8, p. 411, 1840 — type
by orig. desig. "Sittine anabatoide" TEUMiNCK — Sittafusca VIEILLOT.
Anabatoides DESMURS in Chenu, Encycl. Hist. Nat., 3, p. 145, 1853 — new name
for Anabazenops LAFRESNAYE.
Xenicopsis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 32, 1859 — new name for Ana-
bazenops LAFRESNAYE and Anabatoides DESMURS, on grounds of purism.
*Anabazenops fuscus ( Vieillot}. BROWN ANABAZENOPS.
Sitta fusca VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Ornith. ele'm., p. 68, 1816 — "Br6sil", we
designate Rio de Janeiro (type in Paris Museum examined).
a Material examined. — Brazil: Teff6 2, Rio Jurua 2, Borba i, unspecified i. —
Peru: Yurimaguas i, Puerto Bermudez i. — Ecuador: Coca, Rio Napo i.
1 88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xenops anabatoides TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 25, pi. 150, fig. 2, 1822 —
"BrSsil, coll. Natterer" = Prov. Sao Paulo; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math,
naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 132, 1859 — Mattodentro, Ypanema,
Prov. Sao Paulo; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — same localities.
Sphenura albicollis LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823 —
Sao Paulo.
Anabatoides fuscus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 24, 1856 — "Sete
Lagoas", Minas Geraes; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870,
p. 377 — Rio Parahyba, Rio Parahybuna, Cantagallo, Rio; BERLEPSCH,
Journ. Orn., 21, p. 253, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 112, 1890 — Brazil; BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Hum-
ming Bird, 2, p. 44, 1892 — Porto Real, Rio ; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 229,
1899 — Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo.
Xenicopsis fusca CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo.
Anabazenops fuscus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 94, 1906 — Ilha Grande, Porto Real, Rio; IHERING and IHERING, Cat.
Faun. Braz., I, p. 244, 1907 — Ubatuba, Alto daSerra, Sao Paulo; Marianna,
Minas Geraes; HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 143, 1915 —
Brago do Sul, Espirito Santo.
Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo
(Victoria) and southern Minas Geraes (Marianna) south to Santa
Catharina (Blumenau, Serra do Mirador).
i : Brazil (Santa Catharina i).
Genus XENOCTISTES Hellmayr*.
Syndactyla (not Syndactylus BOITARD 1842) REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn.,
Scansoriae, p. 171, 1853 — type by monotypy Xenops rufosuperciliatus
LAFRESNAYE.
*Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus rufosuperciliatus (Lafresnaye) . OCHRE-
OUS-BROWED XENOCTISTES.
Xenops rufosuperciliatus LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 2, cl. 2, pi. 7, and text [p. 5,]
1832 — "Br£sil", we suggest Rio de Janeiro (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool.
Cambridge examined).
CiMocolaptes ochroblepharus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sit-
tinae, p. 174, pi. 527, fig. 3638, 1853 — "South America".
CiMocolaptes adspersus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae,
p. 174, 1853 — Brazil.
Anabatoides adspersus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 24, 1856 — Novo
Friburgo, Rio (spec, in Halle Museum examined).
Anabates (Xenops) rufosuperciliatus PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl.
Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 128, 1859 — Pahor, Mattodentro, Ypanema, Sao Paulo;
Lanza, Curytiba, Parana (soft parts).
• Xenostictes HELLMAYR, nom. nov. for Syndactyla REICHENBACH, preoccupied.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 189
Anabates rufosuperciliatus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, 1868 — Pahor, Matto-
dentro, Ypanema, Lanza, Curytiba; idem, Nunq. otios., 2, p. 291, 1874 —
Novo Friburgo.
Anabazenops rufo-superciliatus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 105, 1890 —
part, spec, b-d, Sao Paulo, Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 227,
1899 — Ypiranga, Tiet6, Sao Paulo; idem, l.c., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Novo Friburgo.
Xenicopsis percnopterus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 61, 1902 —
Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo (type examined).
Xenicopsis rufo-superciliatus rufo-superciliatus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 92, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro (char.).
Anabasitta rufosuperciliata MIRANDA, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182,
1906 — Itatiaya.
Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus oleagineus (not of SCLATER) MENEGAUX and HELL-
MAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 93, 1906 — part, spec, c, d, Sao
Paulo; IHERING and IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 243, 1907 — part, Ypiranga,
Alto da Serra, Tiete', Itatiba, Itarare" (Sao Paulo), Ourinho (Parand), Itati-
aya, Campos do Jordao (Minas); LUDERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 27,
P- 35 i , *9°9 — Itatiaya.
Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de
Janeiro (and adjoining parts of Minas Geraes), Sao Paulo, and Parana*.
i: Brazil (Victoria, Sao Paulo i).
Xenoctistes rufosupercil atus acritus (Oberholser)b. BUFF-BROWED
XENOCTISTES.
Xenicopsis acritus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, p. 187, 1901 —
Sapucay, Paraguay (type examined); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 132,
1 902 — Sapucay.
a Individual variation in this form is considerable, and while typically colored
examples from Rio are easily distinguishable by deep ochraceous superciliaries,
Dresden brown upper parts, light tawny tail, and but faintly streaked breast, it
passes so gradually into the southern X. r. acritus that it is practically impossible to
draw a definite line between their ranges. Birds from Rio de Janeiro (Rio, Petropo-
lis, Therezopolis, Novo Friburgo) and Minas Geraes (Campos do Jordao, Itatiaya)
agree with the types kindly lent by Mr. Outram Bangs. Birds from Sao Paulo
(X. percnopterus) and Parand are partly like the typical Rio birds, partly variously
intermediate to acritus, having the under parts more heavily streaked and the tail
darker, russet rather than tawny, and certain specimens with buff superciliaries can
hardly be separated from those of Rio Grande do Sul. The tone of the upper parts
varies, regardless of locality, from Dresden brown to light olivaceous, although in
the southern parts of Sao Paulo (Itarare') and in Parand the olive backed type
appears to predominate.
Material examined. — Rio de Janeiro: Rio 3, Petropolis 2, Therezopolis, Organ
Mts. 5, Novo Friburgo 2. Minas GeraSs: Campos do Jordao, Itatiaya i. Sao Paulo:
Alto da Serra i, Ypanema 8, Victoria 2, Ypiranga i, Itarare1 2. Parand: Roca Nova,
Serra do Mar 2, Curytiba 2.
b Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus acritus (OBERHOLSER) : Very similar to X. r. rufo-
superciliatus, but above paler, more greenish (less brownish) olive; superciliaries buff
instead of ochraceous ; under parts more olivaceous, with the whitish mesial markings
190 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xenops rufo-superciliatus (not of LAFRESNAYE 1832) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY
Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 13, 1838 — part, Corrientes (spec, in
Paris Museum examined).
Anabazenops oleagineus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., "1883", p. 654, 1884 — part,
Parana (ex CAPT. PAGE) (spec, examined); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 1 06, 1890 — part, Paraguay.
Anabazenops rufosuperciliatus TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 158, 1884 — part,
Uruguay; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 145, 1885 — Taquara,
Rio Grande do Sul; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129,
1899 — Rio Grande do Sul.
Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus oleagineus (not of SCLATER) MENEGAUX and HELL-
MAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 93, 1906 — part, spec, a, b, Corrien-
tes; IHERING and IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 243, 1097 — part, Paraguay,
Rio Grande do Sul, Argentina (La Plata) ; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool.,
16, p. 218, 1909 — part, Ocampo (Santa F£), Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires);
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 302, 1910 (part); idem, I.e., 23,
p. 311, 1912 — part, Paso Yuvay, Gran Potrero, Villa Rica (Paraguay), Bon-
pland, Iguazu (Misiones), Ocampo (Santa Fe), Barracas al Sud (Buenos
Aires) (crit.); MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 10, No. 114, p. 318, 1918 —
Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio, Misiones; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 20,
1920 — Paysandu, Uruguay; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obras Publ. (Buenos
Aires) for 1922-23, p. 642, 1924 — Barracas al Sud, Prov. Buenos Aires.
Anabazenops acritus CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 530 — Sapucay, Paraguay.
Range: Northeastern Argentina (in prov. of Santa Fe, Corrientes,
Misiones, and Buenos Aires), Paraguay, Uruguay, and Rio Grande do
Sul, southern Brazil.
"Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus oleagineus (Sclatery. OLEAGINOUS
XENOCTISTES.
Anabazenops oleagineus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., "1883", p. 654, 1884 — part,
broader as well as more extended towards the abdomen; under tail-coverts less rufes-
cent; tail darker; size somewhat smaller.
Birds from the Argentine Parana (Capt. Page coll.) and Corrientes are per-
fectly identical with the type, and so are also specimens from southern Rio Grande
do Sul (Santa Maria, Camaquam, Sao Lourenco). Four skins from Taquara do
Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul, however, are hardly distinguishable from certain
Sao Paulo birds, particularly two from Itarar6 and one from Ypiranga.
Wing: Rio Grande do Sul (three males) 78, 80, 82, (four females) 71, 72, 73, 75;
Sapucay, Paraguay (one male) 76; Argentina, Parana (one female) 71.
Material examined. — Paraguay: Sapucay i. Argentina: Parana 2, Corrientes 2.
Rio Grande do Sul: Taquara do Mundo Novo 4, Sao Lourenco i, Camaquam i,
Santa Maria i.
• Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus oleagineus (SCLATER) : Differs from X. r. acritus
in darker olivaceous under parts, with narrower, more strongly denned whitish
markings; somewhat more brownish olive upper parts, and in averaging larger.
Wing (ten males) 80-84, (five females) 75-791 tail 76-82; bill 17.5-19.
Material examined. — Catamarca: Sierra de Totoral 2. Tucumdn: City of Tucu-
mdn i, Sarmiento 4, Tafi i, San Pablo 2. Salta: Tartagal i, Embarcacidn, Oran 3.
Jujuy: Ledesma 2. Bolivia, Prov. Tarija: Yacuiva 2.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 191
Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca (type in British Museum examined) ; idem and
HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 198, 1888 — Catamarca; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 106, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca;
SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 20, 1897 — San Lorenzo (Jujuy),
Lesser (Salta).
Anabazenops rufosuperciliatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1882, p. 613 — Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca.
Xenicopsis oleagineus LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tafi and
Trancas, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 54,
1905 — same localities; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 — Oran,
Salta; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana, Criolla, Prov. Tucuman.
Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus oleagineus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16,
p. 218, 1909 — part, Tucuman; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 302,
1910 (part).
Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus cabanisi (not of TACZANOWSKI) DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 313 (in text), 1912 — Tafi Viejo, Tucuman.
Range: Western Argentina, in provinces of Catamarca, Tucuman,
Salta, and Jujuy, and adjacent portion of the Bolivian Province of
Tarija (Yacuiva).
3 : Argentina (Sarmiento, Tucuman i ; Tartagal, Salta i ; Ledesma,
Jujuy i).
Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus cabanisi (Taczanowskiy. CABANIS'S
XENOCTISTES.
Anabazenops cabanisi TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 528 — Pumamarca,
east of Junin, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 231 — Tambillo; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 26
— Cococho and Achamal, Peru.
Xenops rufosuperciliatus (not of LAFRESNAYE 1832) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY,
Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 13, 1838 — part, Yungas of Bolivia
(spec, in Paris Museum examined).
Anabazenops rufosuperciliatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621
— Yungas (ex D'ORBIGNY); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 157, 1884 — part,
Tambillo, Cococho, Chirimoto, Achamal, Ninabamba, Peru.
a Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus cabanisi (TACZANOWSKI) : Nearly allied to X. r.
oleagineus, but upper parts very much darker, raw umber instead of olivaceous;
wings darker; tail chestnut rather than russet; superciliaries narrower and deep
ochraceous instead of buff; under parts much richer and more brownish, though
similarly marked; upper and under tail coverts suffused with chestnut or rufous.
From X. r. rufosuperciliatus which it resembles in the deep ochraceous superciliaries,
it may easily be distinguished by its much darker (raw umber instead of Dresden
brown) upper parts, chestnut instead of tawny tail, much more deeply colored under
parts, with the narrower buffy mesial stripes much more conspicuous and extended
down to the middle of the belly, etc. Wing (five males) 82-86, (three females) 74-
78; tail (male) 84-88, (female) 73-77; bill 17-5-19-
Material examined. — Peru: Cococho, Dept. Amazonas i. Dept. Junin: Chelpes
2, Tulumayo i; Santo Domingo, Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco 2. Bolivia: Yungas i.
192 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Anabazenops rufosuperciliatus cabanisi TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 158, 1884
— Pumamarca.
Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus cabanisi MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 93, 1906 — Yungas (crit.).
Range: Andes of Peru (from Dept. of Amazonas south to Junin
and Cuzco), and western Bolivia (Yungas).
*Xenoctistes subalaris lineatus (Lawrence)*- LINEATED XENOCTISTES.
Anabazenops lineatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 127, 1867 —
Angostura, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 9, p. 106, 1868 — Angostura, Birris, Cer-
vantes, Costa Rica; BERLEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, "1888", p. 565,
1889 (crit. on type).
Anabazenops subalaris lineatus BERLEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, "1888",
p. 566, 1889 (diag.).
Anabazenops subalaris (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 192 —
Calovevora, Veragua; idem, Ibis, 1870, p. no — Costa Rica (crit.); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 108, 1890 — part, spec, k-n, Calovevora, Veragua,
o, p, Irazu, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr. Americ., Aves, 2,
p. 163, 1891 — part, Costa Rica and Veragua.
Xenicopsis subalaris lineatus BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 44, 1902 —
Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 643,
1910 — Costa Rica (descr. juv.); FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn.
Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Coliblanco, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 209, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.).
Range : Subtropical Zone of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiri-
qui, Veraguas)b.
7: Costa Rica (Irazti i, La Estrella de Cartago i, Coliblanco i);
Panama (Boquete 3, Chiriqui i).
Xenoctistes subalaris tacarcunae (Chapman)". TACARCUNA XEN-
OCTISTES.
Xenicopsis subalaris tacarcunae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 16, Aug.
1923 — east slope of Mt. Tacarcuna, eastern Panama.
Range: Mountains of eastern Panama (Tacarcuna).
* Xenoctistes subalaris lineatus (LAWRENCE): Similar to X. s. subalaris, but
slightly larger, with decidedly longer bill; pileum almost plain or but faintly streaked
on anterior portion; back much more rufous brown; throat patch deeper buffy yel-
low; rest of under surface more brownish, with the light mesial streaks narrower
and more sharply defined, etc.
Material examined. — Costa Rica 8, Chiriqui 7.
b No specimens seen from Veragua.
0 Xenoctistes subalaris tacarcunae (CHAPMAN): "General color of under parts
grayer, less olivaceous than either X. s. subalaris and X. s. lineatus; streaks below as
broad as in subalaris, but paler; throat patch slightly paler than in subalaris, but
smaller and more sharply defined from the chest and thus more like that of lineatus;
upper parts more as in subalaris, but crown averaging browner, the streaks on back
wider." (CHAPMAN, I.e.).
We have not seen this obviously well characterized form.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 193
Xenoctistes subalaris subalaris (Sclater). STRIPED-BELLIED XEN-
OCTISTES.
Anabates subalaris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 141, 1859 — Pallatanga,
Ecuador.
Anabazenops subalaris SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 159, 1862 — Palla-
tanga; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 300 — Cayan-
deled, Pedregal, Surupata, Chaguarpata, Ecuador (spec, examined) ; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 108, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Pallatanga, "Quito";
GOODFELLOW, Ibis. 1902, p. 6 1 — west side of Pichincha.
Xenicopsis subalaris MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. g£ogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat., 9,
p. B 43, 1911 — Gualea (syn. part).
Xenicopsis subalaris subalaris HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1151 — Loma
Hermosa, Rio Jamaraya, Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 413, 1917 — La Frijolera, Salencio, Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Cerro
Munchique, Gallera, Miraflores, Colombia.
Xenicopsis subalaris columbianus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 150,
1912 — Miraflores, central Andes, Colombia.
Range : Subtropical Zone of western Ecuador, Western Andes and
west slope of Central Andes of Colombia0.
Xenoctistes subalaris mentalis (Taczanowski and Berlepsch}b. BUFF-
CHINNED XENOCTISTES.
Anabazenops mentalis TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885,
p. 96 — Machay, Ecuador (three topotypes examined).
Anabazenops subalaris (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15
p. 108, 1890 — part, spec, e-h, Machay, Jima, Ecuador.
Xenicopsis mentalis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1151 (in text) — part,
Machay, Ecuador (diag.).
Range : Subtropical Zone of eastern Ecuador (Machay, Baeza) .
8 Specimens from Colombia (columbianus) are perhaps, after all, separable on
account of their more heavily striped under parts, but I have not been able to com-
pare a satisfactory series of Ecuadorian birds.
Material examined. — Ecuador: Cayandeled i, Chaguarpata i, Gualea i, "Pichin-
cha" 2. Colombia: Loma Hermosa i, Heights of Caldas, Valle i, Bitaco Valley, Valle 4,
La Cumbre, Valle i.
b Xenoctistes subalaris mentalis (TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH) : Similar to
X. s. subalaris, but upper parts much darker, the pileum blackish instead of Dresden
brown, the back almost bister brown, both pileum and back (except rump) marked
with much more conspicuous and broader buff shaft stripes; the narrow buff super-
ciliaries barely suggested by a few isolated streaks; gular patch much deeper, buffy
yellow instead of maize yellow, and decidedly smaller, being restricted to chin and
upper throat; under parts somewhat more rufescent and more heavily streaked
with buff. Wing 87-94; tail 81-85; bill 18-19.
Material examined. — Machay 3, Baeza i.
ip4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xenoctistes subalaris striolatus (Todd)». STRIOLATED XENOCTISTES.
Xenicopsis striolatus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 173, Aug. 1913 — Anzoa-
tegui, Est. Lara, Venezuela (type examined).
Anabazenops subalaris (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 108, 1890 — part, spec, j, Bogota.
Xenicopsis mentalis (not of TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH) HELLMAYR, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1911, p. 1157 (in text) — part, Bogotd.
Xenicopsis subalaris mentalis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 414,
1917 — La Candela, Fusugasugd, Buena Vista, Colombia.
Range: Western Venezuela (Anzoategui, 10 kilom. east of Humu-
caro, State of Lara), and Eastern Andes of Colombia, in states of San-
tander (Cachiri, La Palmita) and Cundinamarca ("Bogota", Fusu-
gasuga, Buena Vista, above Villavicencio) ; according to Chapman also
on the eastern slope of the Central Andes (La Candela, State of Huila) .
Xenoctistes guttulatus (Sclater)b. GUTTULATED XENOCTISTES.
Anabazenops guttulatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, "1857", p. 272, pi. 130, Jan.
1858 — "in Venezuela, prope urbem Caracas" (type in Paris Museum exam-
ined; =juv.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 109, 1890 — Caracas.
Xenicopsis guttulatus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 94, 1906 — Caracas (crit.); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
a Xenoctistes subalaris striolatus (Tooo) : Most nearly related to X . s. subalaris,
but pileum somewhat darker, less rufescent, and more conspicuously streaked with
buff; anterior and middle portion of back much more broadly striped with buff;
wings less rufescent; throat paler, less buffy; pale striping of lower parts broader
and reaching down to the middle of the abdomen; bill smaller. Wing (two males)
89, (three females) 81-86; tail 81-84; bill 16.5-18.
In the extensive gular patch and the narrow buff superciliary streak this form
agrees with X. s. subalaris, and the juvenal plumage is also very similar, having the
superciliaries, sides of neck and anterior under parts plain orange ochraceous, but
differs by the pileum and upper back being strongly streaked with ochraceous
orange.
X. s. striolatus partakes of X. s. mentalis of the strongly streaked upper and
under parts, but may be distinguished by less blackish pileum, more distinct buff
superciliaries, and much larger as well as paler yellowish throat area.
In birds from Colombia (Santander and Buenavista) the pale striping both on
back and lower parts is slightly narrower than in the type with which they other-
wise agree.
Material examined. — Venezuela, Lara: Anzoategui i. Colombia: Cachiri, San-
tander i, La Palmita, Santander 2; Buena Vista i ; "Bogota" 2.
b Xenoctistes guttulatus (SCLATER) : Differs from X. s. striolatus by much larger
(deeper and longer) bill; much more conspicuous, deeper buff superciliaries; un-
streaked Dresden brown pileum; much broader, laterally black- edged streaks on
back; squamate (blackish olive) markings on malar region and foreneck; decidedly
broader, apically more rounded light stripes on breast and abdomen. Besides, the
juvenal plumage is very different, having only an exceedingly large superciliary
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR . 195
A, Heft 5, p. 103, 1912 — La Cumbre de Valencia (Carabobo), Los Palmales
(Bermudez) (crit.).
Range: North Coast Mountains of Venezuela, in states of Ber-
mudez (Los Palmales), and Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia), and in
Dept. Federal Occidental (Galipan, Cerro del Avila; Silla de Caracas).
Genus XENICOPSOIDES Cory*.
Xenicopsoides CORY, Auk, 36, p. 273, 1919 — type Anabates striaticollis SCLATER.
Xenicopsoides montanus yungae (Chapman}*. BOLIVIAN XENICOP-
SOIDES.
Philydor montanus bolivianus (not Philydor rufus bolivianus BERLEPSCH 1907)
CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 15, Aug., 1923 — Locotal, Prov. Cocha-
bamba, Bolivia.
Philydor montanus yungae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 96, p. 12, Nov. 1923 —
new name for P. m. bolivianus CHAPMAN.
Anabazenops temporalis (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1873, p. 185 — San Antonio, Cuzco; idem, I.e., 1879, P- 622 — Tilotilo, Bolivia;
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 159, 1884 — part, San Antonio, but not the
description; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 107, 1890 — part, spec, h, i,
San Antonio (Peru), Tilotilo (Bolivia) (spec, examined).
Anabazenops striaticollis (not of SCLATER 1857) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 1 08, 1890 — part, spec, i, Bolivia.
Range: Southeastern Peru (Santo Domingo, Rio Inambari, Cara-
doc, Marcapata), and Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba).
Xenicopsoides montanus montanus (Tschtidi). MOUNTAIN XENI-
COPSOIDES.
Anabates montanus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 295, 1844 — Peru; idem,
Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 240, pi. 20, fig. i, 1846 — wooded region of Peru,
stripe orange ochraceous, while the sides of the neck are deep buff, edged with
blackish, and the under parts buff, marked with blackish olive about the same way
as in adults.
Although evidently a geographical representative of X. subalaris, the peculiar
juvenal plumage induces me to regard this form — at least provisionally — as specifi-
cally distinct.
Four specimens from Bermudez (Los Palmales) appear to be inseparable from
the Caracas birds.
Material examined. — Carabobo: La Cumbre de Valencia 17. Dept. Federal
Occidental: "Caracas" i, Silla de Caracas i, Galipan, Cerro del Avila i. Bermudez:
Los Palmales 4.
a This group appears to deserve generic separation. While decidedly distinct
from Xenoctistes ( = Xenicopsis auct.), as suggested by Robert Ridgway, it seems
more nearly related to Philydor from which it differs, however, by less graduated
tail, proportionately longer wings, as well as much longer toes and claws.
b Xenicopsoides montanus yungae (CHAPMAN) : Similar to X. m. montanus, but
more rufescent throughout; under parts brighter, old gold rather than buffy citrine,
196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
between 10° and 12° lat. south (type in Neuchatel Museum examined):
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 86 — (note on one of Tschudi's typical
specimens in Mus. Smithson. Inst., Washington).
Philydor montanus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 528 — Pumamarca;
idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 153, 1884 "Maraynioc" = Pumamarca; BERLEPSCH
and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 13, 1905 (crit. note on type).
Philydor striaticollis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 528
— Amable Maria, Pumamarca; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 153, 1884 — Amable
Maria, Pumamarca, Ropaybamba; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1885, p. 97 — Mapoto, Machay, Ecuador.
Anabazenops striaticollis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 108, 1890 — part,
Peru; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 375 — Garita del
Sol, Junin.
Philydor montanus montanus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 103, 1912 — part, central Peru; CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
86, p. 16, 1923 — Chelpes, Utcuyacu (Dept. Junin, Peru), Zamora (Ecuador).
Range: Peru (Dept. Junin), and apparently extending northward
to eastern Ecuador (Zamora, Machay, Mapoto) a.
*Xenicopsoides montanus striaticollis (Sclater)*. COLOMBIAN XEKI-
COPSOIDES.
Anabates striaticollis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, p. 17, June 1857 — Bogota.
Philydor striaticollis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 378 — "New Granada";
BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 — Bogota.
Anabazenops temporalis (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1879, p. 522 — Concordia, Antioquia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 107, 1890 — part, spec, f, g, Antioquia (spec, examined).
with the light central streaks on chest more pronounced; inner margin to quills
deeper ochraceous buff.
A large series from Bolivia and one male from Caradoc, Marcapata examined.
• Two specimens from eastern Ecuador, though slightly intermediate, appear to
be nearer the Peruvian than the Colombian form.
b Xenicopsoides montanus striaticollis (SCLATER) : Differs from X. m. montanus
by somewhat paler, less rufous upper parts, and by having the crown olivaceous, in
decided contrast to the color of the back.
Birds from western Venezuela (states of Trujillo and Lara) in the collection of
the Carnegie Museum agree with a series from the eastern Andes of Colombia
(Bogota, Santander), while specimens from the western (and possibly central) Andes
are very slightly deeper colored below. They are, however, very distinct from the
West Ecuadorian form, and Sclater and Salvin's reference to X. m. temporalis of
some skins from Antioquia was a mistake.
Material examined. — Colombia, Western Andes: Bitaco Valley, Valle 9, La
Cumbre, Valle 4, Las Lomitas i, San Antonio i ; Eastern Andes: "Bogota 9, La Pal-
mita, Santander 7, Ventanas, Santander i. Venezuela: Guamito, Trujillo 2, Guarico,
Lara 4, Anzoategui, Lara i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 197
Anabazenops striaticollis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 108, 1890 — spec,
a-f, Bogotd, Colombia.
Philydor montanus striaticollis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 103, 1912 — part, Bogota, Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 412, 1917 — Las Lomitas, San Antonio (w. Andes), Miraflores,
Salento, La Sierra, near San Agustin, La Candela (central Andes), Fusugasuga,
Aguadita, El Roble (e. Andes), Colombia.
Range : Colombia (except Santa Marta region) and adjacent parts
of western Venezuela (in states of Trujillo and Lara).
4: Colombia ("Bogota" 2, San Antonio i, Las Lomitas i).
Xenicopsoides montanus anxius (Bangs}9'. SANTA MARTA XENI-
COPSOIDES.
Xenicopsis anxius BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 83, 1902 — Chirua
Santa Marta Mts.
Anabazenops striaticollis (not of SCLATER) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc.Wash.,13, p.gg
1899 — Chirua, San Miguel, La Concepcion; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
J3i P- J58, 1900 — Onaca, Valparaiso, El Libano, Las Nubes.
Philydor montanus anxius HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5,
p. 103, 1912 — Sierra of Santa Marta.
Xenicopsis montanus anxius TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
p. 283, 1922 — Las Nubes, Valparaiso, Cincinnati, San Lorenzo, Las Taguas,
Las Vegas, Pueblo Viejo, Heights of Chirua.
Range: Santa Marta Mountains in northern Colombia.
Xenicopsoides montanus venezuelanus (Hellmayr)b. VENEZUELAN
XENICOPSOIDES.
Philydor venezuelanus HELLMAYR, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., i, No. 24-24 bis, p. 49,
April 1911 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.
Philydor montanus venezuelanus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 1 02, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia.
8 Xenicopsoides montanus anxius (BANGS) : Nearest to X. m. striaticollis, but
upper parts more olivaceous; superciliaries and throat much brighter, maize or
mustard yellow; breast and abdomen more yellowish, less fulvous.
Material examined. — Ten specimens from the Santa Marta region (El Libano,
Las Nubes, Valparaiso, Las Taguas).
b Xenicopsoides montanus venezuelanus (HELLMAYR) : Nearest to X. m. striati-
collis, but immediately recognizable by its much paler coloration; pileum grayish
brown, faintly tinged with olive, instead of decidedly olivaceous; back less rufescent;
upper tail coverts light cinnamon rufous like the tail; auriculars grayish rather than
olive; throat white, tipped with grayish brown; breast and abdomen brownish buff
or grayish brown, etc. Wing (nine males) 84-90, (nine females) 77-82; tail 69-79;
bill 14.5-16.
Birds from the Caracas region average slightly paler than those from the Cumbre
de Valencia.
Material examined. — Cumbre de Valencia 14, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas 4.
198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range: Coast ranges of northern Venezuela, in State of Carabobo
(Cumbre de Valencia), and Dept. Federal Occidental (Galipan, Cerro
del Avila).
Xenicopsoides montanus temporalis (Sdater)*. SPOTTED-BREASTED
XENICOPSOIDES.
Anabates temporalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 141, 1859 — Pallatanga,
Ecuador.
Anabazenops temporalis SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 159, 1862 — Palla-
tanga; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 562 — Chimbo;
idem, I.e., 1884, p. 300 — Pedregal; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 107,
1890 — part, spec, a-e, Pallatanga, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 —
Intac.
Xenicopsis temporalis MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Mes. Arc Merid. Equat.,
9, p. B 43, 1911 — Gualea; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Arkiv Zool., 14, No. 25,
p. 70, 1922 — road to Mindo.
Range : Western Ecuador, from Province of Esmeraldas south to
El Oro.
*Xenicopsoides montanus variegaticeps (Sclater). SCALY-THROATED
XENICOPSOIDES.
Anabazenops variegaticeps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, "1856", p. 289, Jan.
1857 — Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 106,
1890 — Jalapa (Mexico), Barranca Honda, Savanna Grande, Choctum, Vera
Paz (Guatemala), Costa Rica, Chiriqui; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 162, 1891 — Mexico to Panama.
Xenicopsis variegaticeps BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 44, 1902 —
Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 642,
1910 — Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 207, 1911 — southern Mexico to western Panama (monog.).
Xenicopsis variegaticeps idoneus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, p. 108, 1906
— Boquete, Chiriqui.
Range: Southern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Guerrero,
» Xenicopsoides montanus temporalis (SCLATER) : Differs from the preceding races
by well denned, lengthened, deep yellow ocher or ochraceous superciliaries; wide
buff orbital ring; deeper chestnut brown back; much darker rufous tail; yellow
ocher breast, heavily spotted with paler, etc. From X. m. variegaticeps, of Central
America, which it resembles in coloration of tail and development of superciliaries,
it may be distinguished by the bright yellow ocher and much more spotted breast,
besides several minor characters. Wing (four males) 89-93, (two females) 81-84;
tail 66-72; bill 16-17.
Although very different from its geographical neighbor X. m. striaticottis, this
is certainly but a race of the montanus group, some of its characters (coloration of
under parts) being suggested by the Bolivian X. m. yungae.
Material examined. — Chimbo 2, Pedregal i, Mindo 2, Gualea i, Intac i, La
Chonta (El Oro) i, Rio Verde, 3,200 ft., Prov. Esmeraldas 2.
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 199
Oaxaca, and Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, and western
Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui)a.
13: Mexico (Orizaba i); Honduras (Mt. Camp, San Pedro Sula i);
Costa Rica (La Candelaria i, Juan Vifias i); Panama (Boquete 7,
Chiriqui 2).
Xenicopsoides amaurotis (Temmmck)b. WHITE-BROWED XENICOP-
SOIDES.
Anabates amaurotis TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 40, pi. 238, fig. 2, Nov. 1823 —
"Bre'sil"=Sao Paulo"; BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 29, 1856 —
Brazil (ex NATTERER).
Xenops nigrocapillus LESSON, Traite d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 318, Sept. 1830 — new
name for Anabates amaurotis TEMMINCK.
Anabates infuscatus (not of SCLATER 1856) PELZELNd, Sitzungsber. math, naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 106, 129, 1859 — Mattodentro, Ypanema, Prov.
Sao Paulo (types examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — same localities.
Philydor amaurotis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 379 — Brazil; BERLEPSCH
and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 30, 1905 (crit., synon., range); IHERING,
Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 239, 1907 — Alto da Serra, Iguape, Estagao Rio Grande,
Prov. Sao Paulo.
Anabazenops amaurotis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 107, 1890 — part,
Mattodentro, Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 227, 1899 — Iguape",
Sao Paulo.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, in State of Sao Paulo (Ypanema,
Mattodentro, Iguape, Alto da Serra, Estac.ao Rio Grande).
Genus PHILYDOR Spix.
Philydor SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 73, 1824 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855) Phily-
dor superciliaris SPIX = Anabates atricapillus WIED.
Dendroma SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 316, 1837 — generic characters8, type
a On comparing nine specimens from Chiriqui (idoneus) with a considerable
series from more northern localities I fail to see any constant difference, although
there is much individual variation in the tinge of the lower parts.
b Xenicopsoides amaurotis (TEMMINCK), while unquestionably congeneric with
X. montanus, may be distinguished by the feathers of the pileum being centrally
spotted with white and subapically margined with black; much broader, buffy white
superciliary stripe; prouts brown instead of dull olive auriculars; pure white, un-
marked throat; large white spots on foreneck and breast; more rufescent abdomen;
smaller bill. Wing (male) 80, (female) 74; tail 75, (female) 70, 71; bill 15-15.5.
Three specimens from Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, Ypanema) examined.
8 According to the registers of the Vienna Museum, the example forwarded to
Temminck, was taken at Ypanema.
d Anabates infuscatus BONAPARTE (Consp. Av., i, p. 210, 1850) is a nomen nudum.
8 The only species quoted, Dendroma caniceps SWAINSON (based on the unpub-
lished plate 80 of the author's "Ornithological Drawings") is a nomen nudum.
200 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
by subs, desig., (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Sphenura poliocephala LICHTENSTEIN —
Dendrocopus rufus VIEILLOT.
Euphilydor CORY, Auk, 36, p. 273, 1919 — type PhUydor lichtensteini CABANIS
and HEINE8.
*Philydor atricapillus (Wied). BLACK-CAPPED PHILYDOR.
Anabates atricapillus WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 147 (8° ed., p. 146), 1821 — Rio
Catole', Prov. Bahia; idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1187, 1831 — s.e.
Brazil; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 129,
1859 (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Praia do
Sai, Rio; Ypanema, Paciencia, Prov. Sao Paulo.
Sphenura super ciliaris LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823 —
Bahia.
Xenops melanocephalus LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 318, Sept. 1830 — new
name for Philydor superciliaris SPIX, Av. Bras., I, pi. 73, 1824.
Xenops canivetii LESSON, Cent. Zool., livr. 2, p. 60, pi. 16, Sept. 1830 — ''Bresil".
Philydor atricapillus pallidior CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 61, Feb. 1919 —
Sapucay, Paraguay1*.
PhUydor superciliaris SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 73, pi. 73, fig. i, 1824 — Prov. Minas
Geraes; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 378 (synon.); CABANIS, Journ. Orn.,
22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo.
Anabates superciliaris BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 28, 1856 —
Brazil.
Philydor atricapillus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 247, 1889 (note on
Wied's types); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 96, 1890 — Bahia, Santa Fg
(Minas), Sao Paulo, Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 226, 1899 —
Iguape', Ypiranga, Prov. Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo;
idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 240, 1907 — Ypiranga, Alto da Serra, Iguape", Sao
Sebastiao, Villa Bella, Osasco, Mattao, Prov. Sao Paulo; Espirito Santo; BER-
TONI, Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. — [Sep. p. 6] — Alto Parana, Paraguay; HELL-
MAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 625, 1906 (crit.); CHUBB,
Ibis, 1910, p. 530 — Sapucay, Paraguay; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 333,
1914 — Paraguay, Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 53, 1914 — Alto Parana.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Bahia and southern Minas Ger-
aes (Marianna) south to Sao Paulo, and adjacent parts of Argentina
(Misiones) and Paraguay (Sapucay).
8 Philydor lichtensteini, in spite of its slightly divergent bill, appears to me insep-
arable— even subgenerically — from P. rufus and P. atricapillus, while P. dimidiatus
and P. baeri are obviously near relatives of P. pyrrhodes. On the other hand, Ana-
bates amaurotis TEMMINCK, assigned to the group Euphilydor by the late C. B. Cory,
is strictly congeneric with Anabates striaticollis SCLATER, the genotype of Xenicop-
soides CORY.
b I am unable to distinguish two Paraguayan specimens, claimed by Chubb to
be paler above and brighter underneath, from the Brazilian series, which exhibits
much individual variation in intensity of coloration.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 201
15: Brazil (Rio i; Sao Paulo, Victoria 3, Sao Sebastiao 3, Fazenda
Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema 8) .
*Philydor subfulvus Sclater*. OCHRE-BELLIED PHILYDER.
Philydor subfulvus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., Nov. 1861, p. 377 — Gualaquiza,
Ecuador (type in British Museum examined; =juv.); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 185 —
Cosnipata; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 101, 1890 — Gualaquiza, Cosni-
pata; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 152, 1884 — part, Cosnipata; BERLEPSCH
and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 375 — Chanchamayo; idem, Ornis,
13, p. 114, 1906 — Huaynapata, Marcapata.
Philydor ochrogaster HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. i, p. ui, Feb.
1917 — Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, Peru; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85,
A, Heft 10, p. 76, 1920 — Marcapata.
Range: Eastern Ecuador (Gualaquiza), Peru (Huachipa, Dept.
Huanuco; Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin; Cosnipata, Marcapata, Dept.
Cuzco), and northern Bolivia (Songo, Yungas of La Paz).
i: Peru (Huachipa i).
Philydor fuscipennis Salvinb. DUSKY-WINGED PHILYDOR.
Philydor fuscipennis SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 72 — Santiago de Veragua;
idem, I.e., 1867, p. 143 — same locality; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 99, 1890 — same; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 161,
pi. 46, fig. i, 1891 — same; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 204,
1911 — Santiago, Cascajal-Cocle', Veragua; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 65, p. 211, 1922 — Rio Esnape, Darien.
Range: Panama (Veragua, Darien).
Philydor erythronotus Sclater and Salvin*. RUFOUS-BACKED PHILYDOR.
Philydor erythronotus SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 66, 160,
1873 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 522 — Remedies; BERLEPSCH and TACZAN-
a Philydor subfulvus SCLATER: Nearest to P. atricapittus, but above dull Dresden
brown instead of bright amber brown; crown not appreciably different from back;
rufous of rump and tail much deeper; under parts much paler and duller. Wing 87-
95; tail 75-77; bill 16-17.5.
Recent investigation shows this species to be much more nearly related to
P, atricapittus than to any other. It is, however, immediately recognizable by lack-
ing the well defined blackish cap, as well as by its much paler, less rufous coloration
both above and below. The type of P. subfulvus proves, on examination, to be an
immature specimen of the present species, and not of P. ruficaudatus, as had been
supposed.
Material. — Ecuador: Gualaquiza i. Peru: Chanchamayo 2, Huachipa i, Marca-
pata 2. Bolivia: Songo i.
b We are not acquainted with this rare species.
0 Philydor erythronotus SCLATER and SALVIN: In general form similar to P. pyr-
rhodes with which it also agrees in blackish remiges and deep ochraceous supercil-
iaries, but easily distinguished by chestnut rufous instead of olivaceous brown back,
rufous brown pileum, deeper ochraceous under parts, etc. Wing (male) 86.5; tail
68; bill 17.
This scarce species is known to me from a single adult male taken by J. de Siemir-
adzki at Chimbo, Ecuador.
2O2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
OWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 561 — Chimbo (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 99, pi. 8, 1890 — Bogotd, Remedies, Colombia.
Range: Colombia (Bogota, Remedies) and western Ecuador
(Chimbo).
Philydor pyrrhodes (Cdbanis). CINNAMON-RUMPED PHILYDOR.
Anabates pyrrhodes CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 689,
'''1848" — coast of British Guiana; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 62, 1858 —
Rio Napo.
Anabates pyrrhodes ? PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, 34, p. 108, 131, 1859 — Salto Theotonio (Rio Madeira), Barra
[ = Manaos], Marabitanas, Rio Negro (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40,
1868 — same localities (spec, in Vienna Museum examined).
Philydor pyrrhodes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 378 — Rio Napo; SCLATER
and SALVIN, I.e., 1867, p. 978 — Pebas; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Pebas; TACZ-
ANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 151, 1884 — Pebas; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 420 —
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 99, 1890 —
Rio Madeira, Pebas, Sarayacu, Rio Napo, Oyapoc, Bartica Grove; BERLEPSCH
and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 62, 1902 — Nericagua, Munduapo, R. Orinoco
(spec, examined); GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 — Rio Capim; IHERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 6, p. 436, 1905 — Rio Jurua; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 240,
1907 — Rio Jurua; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Pard, Rio
Capim; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 16, 1907 — Itaituba, Tapajdz; idem,
I.e., 14, p. 365, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 321, 1910 —
Calama, Rio Madeira; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 146, 1908 — Ipousin,
Rio Approuague, French Guiana (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl.
math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Para, Capim;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 329, 1914 — Para, Aproaga (Rio Capim),
Arumatheua (Rio Tocantins), Obidos; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci.
Bull., 2, p. 263, 1916 — Munduapo, Nericagua; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 411, 1917 — La Morelia, Rio Caqueta, Colombia; BANGS and
PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 66, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo;
CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 107, 1921 — Ituribisci, Supenaam, Bartica,
Abary River.
Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; Venezuela (Nericagua,
Munduapo, upper Orinoco) ; southeastern Colombia (Caqueta region) ;
eastern Ecuador; northeastern Peru (Pebas); northern Brazil, east to
Para, south to the Rio Madeira (Humaytha, Calama, Salto Theotonio)8.
Philydor dimidiatus (Pelzeln)b. PELZELN'S PHILYDOR.
Anabates dimidiatus PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
a Fifteen specimens from Brazil (Rio Madeira, Rio Negro, Rio Tapaj6z), French
and British Guiana, and Venezuela (Orinoco) examined.
b Philydor dimidiatus (PELZELN) : Most nearly related to, and agreeing with
P. pyrrhodes in coloration of under parts and sides of head; but bill slenderer,
with the gonys apically more ascending; back much brighter, cinnamon brown rather
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 203
34, p. 107, 130, 1859 — Sangrador and Rio Manso, Matto Grosso (types in
Vienna Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — same localities.
Philydor dimidiatus BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 29, 1905
(crit.).
Range: Central Brazil, in eastern Matto Grosso (Sangrador, Rio
Manso) .
Philydor baeri Hellmayr*. BAER'S PHILYDOR.
Philydor baeri HELLMAYR, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 2, No. 24-24 bis, p. 50, April
1911— Agua Suja, near Bagagem, Minas Geraes.
Range: Interior of Brazil, in western Minas Geraes (Agua Suja,
near Bagagem).
*Philydor lichtensteini Cabanis and Heine*. LICHTENSTEIN'S PHILYDOR.
Philydor lichtensteini CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 29, 1859 — Brazil;
CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; IHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, I.e., 5, p. 273, 1902 — Iguap£, Bauni
(Sao Paulo); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 31, 1905 — Sapi-
tiba, Cantagallo (Rio de Janeiro), Iguape, Ypanema, Bauru, Sao Carlos, Sao
Sebastiao, Morro Queimado (Sao Paulo), Capella Nova, Rio Jordao (Minas
Geraes), Sapucay (Paraguay) (diag., synon.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,
Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 92, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro; BERTONI, Rev.
Inst. Parag., 1907, p. — [Sep. p. 6] — Alto Parana; IHERING, Cat. P. Braz.,
I, p. 250, 1907 — Alto da Serra, Iguape, Rio Feio, Bauru, Itapura (Sao Paulo),
Marianna (Minas Geraes); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 529 — Sapucay, Paraguay;
DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 333, 1914 — Paraguay, and Santa Ana,
Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 53, 1914 — Alto Parana.
than olive brown, with the much darker rufous of the rump restricted to the upper
tail-coverts; tail hazel rather than ochraceous tawny; remiges cinnamon brown or
russet instead of blackish. Wing (adult female) 79.5; tail 70; bill 19. Three speci-
mens, 9 ad. and d" juv., Sangrador, o*1 juv., Rio Manso examined.
" Philydor baeri HELLMAYR: Similar to P. dimidiatus, but much paler through-
out; upper parts light olive brown, without any rufescent tinge; superciliaries ochra-
ceous rather than cinnamomeous; loral spot buff instead of whitish; sides of head
light ochraceous, without any cinnamon rufous on auriculars; under parts including
tail-coverts much paler ochraceous, flanks olive rather than brownish. Wing (adult
male) 87; tail 75 ; bill 18. Two specimens, one adult and one young male examined.
This is almost certainly but a race of P. dimidiatus. Both species are, however,
too imperfectly known to allow the use of trinomials.
b Philydor lichtensteini CABANIS and HEINE bears a superficial resemblance to
P. r. rufus, but is much smaller in all proportions, the bill particularly so, with the
gonys more strongly ascending in its terminal portion; furthermore, it lacks every
trace of the ochraceous frontal band, while the crown and hindneck are light oliva-
ceous, spotted with black near the base of the feathers which, in P. r. rufus, are uni-
form dark gray from base to tip. Wing (thirty-five specimens) 72-86, rarely 89;
tail 72-82; bill 15-17.
Material examined. — Minas Geraes (Rio Jordao) i, Rio de Janeiro 5, S5o Paulo
(various localities) 23, Paraguay (Sapucay) 6.
204 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Sphenura poliocephala LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823 —
Sao Paulo (part, junior).
Anabates superciliaris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math,
naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 130, 1859 — Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro,
Ypanema; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — same localities (spec, ex-
amined).
Anabates lichtensteinii REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870,
p. 378 — Capella Nova (Minas Geraes), Morro Queimado, Sao Carlos (Sao
Paulo).
Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes (Rio Jor-
dao, near Araguary, Capella Nova, Marianna), Rio de Janeiro, and Sao
Paulo; Paraguay (Sapucay); and northeastern Argentina (Misiones).
18: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao 2, Victoria 6, Fazenda Cayoa,
Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema 10).
*Philydor rufus rufus ( Vieillot). BUFF-FRONTED PHILYDOR.
Dendrocopus rufus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 26, p. 119, 1818
— "Bresil", we suggest Rio de Janeiro as type locality; LAFRESNAYE, Rev.
Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 285, 1850 (crit.).
Sphenura poliocephala LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823 —
Sao Paulo (part, adult).
Philydor ruficollis SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 74, pi. 75, 1824 — interior of Bahia (type
in Munich Museum examined).
Xenops rufifrons LESSON, Trait£ d'Orn., h'vr. 4, p. 317, Sept. 1830 — new name
for Philydor ruficollis SPIX.
Anabates poliocephalus BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 29, 1856 —
"Bahia bis Para"; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 130, 1859 — Corcovado, near Rio, Curytiba, Ypanema (soft parts);
idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema (Sao Paulo),
Curytiba (Parana); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren., 1870, p. 379
— Lagoa Santa, Paracatu (Minas Geraes), Novo Friburgo (Rio), Sao Carlos,
Sao Bento de Araraquara (Sao Paulo) .
Philydor rufus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 378 — Brazil (synon.); CABANIS,
Journ. Orn., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 97, 1890— Sao Paulo, Santa F6 (Minas), "Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul)"«,
Rio Claro ("Goyaz"), Chapada (Matto Grosso), Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 5, p. 113, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; IHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 3, p. 226, 1899 — Iguap6, Tiet£, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 —
Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, I.e., 5, p. 300, 1902 (egg descr.); idem,
Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 240, 1907 — Ubatuba, Iguap6, Baurti, Sao Sebastiao,
Alto da Serra, Itarar£ (Sao Paulo), Ourinho (Parand); OBERHOLSER, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 25 ,p. 133, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; HELLMAYR, Abhandl.
2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 625, 1906 (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 15,
• Locality undoubtedly erroneous.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 205
p. 61, 1908 — Paz. Esperanga, Goyaz; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 529 — Sapucay;
CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5, p. 478, 497, 1912 — Vera
Guarany, Parana; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 333, 1914 — Santa Ana,
Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 53, 1914 — Alto Parana.
Philydor rufus rufus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220, 1909 — Iguazu,
Misiones; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 311, 1912 — Tacuar£
and Itapemiri, Paraguay; HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 101, 1912 (range).
Range: Southern Brazil, from provinces of Bahia, Goyaz, and
Matto Grosso (Chapada) south to Sao Paulo and Parana; Paraguay;
northeastern Argentina (Misiones)8.
4: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao i, Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande
do Rio Paranapanema 3).
Philydor rufus columbianus Cabanis and Heine*. VENEZUELAN
PHILYDOR.
Philydor columbianus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 29, 1859 — "Porto
Cabello"=Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1868, p. 167, 170 — Caracas; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 252 — coast range of
Puerto Cabello; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 98, 1890 — "Merida",
coast range of Puerto Cabello, Caracas.
Philydor rufus columbianus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 100, 101, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Caracas, and "Caripe', near
Cumana" (crit.).
Range: Coast Mountains of northern Venezuela, in State of Cara-
• Specimens from various localities agree in coloration, but vary somewhat in
size.
MEASUREMENTS
MALES LENGTH of WING
One from Bahia (type of P. ruficollis SPIX) 98
Three from Minas Geraes (Agua Suja, near Bagagem) 92,94,96
One from Matto Grosso (Chapada) 93
One from Goyaz (Fazenda Esperanca) 90
One from Rio de Janeiro 88
Six from Sao Paulo 88,88,89,89,90,91
Two from Argentina (Misiones) 9i(93
FEMALES
Two from Minas Geraes (Agua Suja) 84,87
One from Matto Grosso (Chapada) 88
One from Goyaz (Fazenda Esperanga) 89
One from Rio de Janeiro 85
Two from Sao Paulo 83,86
One from Parand (Serra do Mar) 83
b Philydor rufus columbianus CABANIS and HEINE: Similar to P. r. rufus, but
ochreous frontal band narrower, less abruptly denned posteriorly, and duller in tone;
crown and nape olivaceous rather than grayish; back darker; posterior under parts
conspicuously paler. Wing (males) 90-98; (females) 89-92; tail 86-94; bill 18.5-20.5.
Material. — Cumbre de Valencia 10, Cerro del Avila i, Silla de Caracas 2.
206 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
bobo (Cumbre de Valencia), and Dept. Federal Occidental (Cerro del
Avila, Silla de Caracas)8.
Philydor rufus panerythrus Sclater*. OCHRACEOUS PHILYDOR.
Philydor panerythrus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1862, p. no — Bogotd (type in
British Museum examined); idem, I.e., 1870, p. 329, note (crit.); idem, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. zoo, 1890 — Bogota, Isthmus of Panama, Costa Rica;
SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 160, 1891 — "Pirris",
Cervantes (Costa Rica), Panama, Veragua, Bogota; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S.
• Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 203, 1911 (monog.).
Philydor semirufus (lapsu) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 360, 1862 —
Bogota.
Automolus rufescens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 345, 1867 —
Birris, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 9, p. 106, 1868 — Birris; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 6, p. 414, 1883 — Cervantes, Costa Rica; BERLEPSCH, I.e., n,
"1888", p. 565, Sept. 1889 (crit.).
Philydor rufus panerythrus ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, p. 113, 1887
— Cervantes de Cartago, Costa Rica; HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg.,
78, A, Heft 5, p. 101, 1912 — Boquete (Chiriqui), La Estrella (Costa Rica),
Veragua, Bogota (diag.).
Philydor panerythrus rufescens BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 44, 1902
— Boquete and Caribbean slope of Volcan of Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Car-
negie Mus., 6, p. 641, 1910 — "El Rey" and " La Lagunaria" de Dota, Costa
Rica.
Range: Costa Rica (Birris, Cervantes, La Estrella, Laguaria, Los
Reyes, etc.), Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua), and
Colombia (Bogota).
Philydor rufus riveti Menegaux and Hellmayr0. ECUADORIAN PHILYDOR.
Philydor columbianus riveti MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 89, 1906 — Gualea, Ecuador; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. ge"og.
a The localities "Me'rida" and "Caripe", Bermudez" require confirmation.
b Philydor rufus panerythrus SCLATER: Very similar to P. r. columbianus, but
wings somewhat longer; back darker, more tawny brown; under parts much deeper,
ochraceous rather than ochraceous buff. Wing (five specimens) 99-104; tail 88-94;
bill 19-20.5.
The type — the only specimen ever taken in South America — differs from four
others by decidedly lighter cinnamon rufous wings and slightly darker back. More
material from Colombia is much desired.
Specimens examined. — Bogota (the type) i, Veragua i, Boquete 2, La Estrella,
Costa Rica i.
c Philydor rufus riveti MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR: Differs from P. r. panerythrus
by smaller size; more blackish crown, with cinnamon frontal band less pronounced;
much darker (sepia) back; by the breast and abdomen being washed with brownish
and decidedly contrasted with the clear ochraceous of the throat. Wing (three speci-
mens) 94-96; tail 78-83; bill 19-20.5.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 207
Mes. Arc M6rid. Equat., 9, p. B 42, pi. 4, 1911 — Gualea, Quito; HELLMAYR
and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 102, 1912 (diag.).
Philydor columbianus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902,
p. 6 1 — west side of Pichincha.
Range: Western Ecuador (Gualea, Pichincha, etc.).
*Philydor rufus bolivianus Berlepsch*. BOLIVIAN PHILYDOR.
Philydor columbianus bolivianus BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, p. 366, Feb. 1907 —
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (type examined).
Philydor rufus bolivianus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5,
p. 101, 1912 — Santa Cruz, Songo, Bolivia (diag.).
Range: Bolivia (in depts. of Santa Cruz and La Paz), and Peru
(Dept. of Huanuco).
4 : Peru (Huachipa i , Vista Alegre 3) .
*Philydor erythropterus (Sclater)b. CHESTNUT-WINGED PHILYDOR.
Anabates erythropterus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 27, 1856 — Bogotd (type
in British Museum examined); idem, I.e., 26, p. 61, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecuador.
Automolus erythropterus SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 158, 1862 — Bogota;
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 566 — Nauta, Peru.
Philydor erythropterus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Nauta;
TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Pdr., 2, p. 154,
1884 — Yurimaguas, Nauta; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 303, 1889 —
Yurimaguas (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 98, 1890
— Bogota, Nauta, Sarayacu, Rio Napo.
Range: Upper Amazonia, from Colombia (Bogotd-collections)
through eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu, Rio Napo) to Peru (Nauta, Yuri-
* Philydor rufus bolivianus BERLEPSCH: Nearest to, and agreeing with P. r. col-
umbianus in coloration of crown, but forehead, sides of head, and under parts deeper
ochraceous, more like P. r. rufus. Similar also to P. r. panerythrus, but ochraceous
areas paler, back lighter, buffy brown rather than tawny brown, etc. Wing (five
males) 98-103, (three females) 93-98; tail 88-96; bill 19-21.
Peruvian specimens, as a rule, have the forehead less strongly washed with ochra-
ceous than a series from Bolivia.
b This exceedingly distinct species, of which hardly more than a dozen speci-
mens are known, has evidently a wide range in Upper Amazonia.
The two Brazilian examples (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 127747-48) are
obviously not different from two Bogota skins and an adult male from Yurimaguas
with which they were directly compared. There appears to be a marked sexual dif-
ference in size as will be seen from the subjoined measurements.
WING TAIL BILL
One male from Urupa, Rio Machados 96 77 19
One male from Yurimaguas, Peru 93 73 20
One female from Rio Roosevelt 85 71 18
One female from Puerto Bemudez, Peru 89 72 20
Two unsexed Bogota skins 95, 95 73,77 18.5,19
2o8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
maguas, Puerto Bermudez), and western Brazil (Urupa, Rio Macha-
dos; Rio Roosevelt, mouth of Rio Cherrie, northern Matto Grosso).
i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Dept. Junin i).
*Philydor ruficaudatus (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny)*. RUFOUS-TAILED
PHILYDOR.
Anabates ruficaudatus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool.,
8, cl. 2, p. 15, 1838 — Yuracares, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 26, 1856 — Bogotd; idem, I.e., 26, p. 61, 1858
— Rio Napo.
Anabates ruficaudus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 456, 1858 — Gualaquiza,
Ecuador.
Philydor subfulvus (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 152, 1884
— part, descr. spec, ex Sarayacu, Ecuador in Coll. Berlepsch (spec,
examined; =juv.).
Philydor subflavescens CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 66, 1873 — Monterico, n.e.
Ayacucho (descr. adult and juv.); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 528
— Monterico; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 156, 1884 — Monterico (Peru),
Sarayacu (Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 374 — La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Peru.
Anabazenops immaculatus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 92, 1889 —
northern Bolivia.
Philydor euophrys BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 375, in
text — La Gloria, Peru (=juv.).
Automolus ruficaudatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 185 — Cosnipata, s.e.
Peru.
Philydor ruficaudatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621 — Yura-
cares (ex D'ORBIGNY); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 155, 1884 — Sarayacu
(Ecuador), Cosnipata (Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 100, 1890
— Bogota, Gualaquiza, Sarayacu, Cosnipata; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 23, 1899 — Rio Santiago, Ecuador (note on
juv.); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata, Pard;
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 91, 1906 —
Yuracares (Bolivia), Sarayacu, Bogota (crit. on type); BERLEPSCH, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 146, 1908 — Rio Approuague, French Guiana (spec, examined);
HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912
— S. Antonio, Pard; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 329, 1914 — S. Anto-
nio do Prata, St. Maria de S. Miguel (Rio Guama), Arumatheua (Rio Tocan-
*• The absence of rufous on rump and upper tail-coverts, and the well marked
superciliary streak are the principal features separating this bird from P. erythro-
cercus. The birds with deep ochraceous superciliaries and sides of the head, brownish
back, rufous edged upper tail-coverts, and deeper buffy under parts constitute
the juvenile plumage. Birds in which the ochraceous superciliaries persist after
the juvenile molt (first annual plumage?) have been separated as P. euophrys.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 209
tins), S. Antonio da Cachoeira (Rio Jary); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci.
Bull., 2, p. 263, 1916 — foot of Mt. Duida, Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 36, p. 411, 1917 — La Murelia, s.e. Colombia; HELLMAYR, Arch.
Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 75, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, s.e. Peru (crit.).
Range: French Guiana (Rio Approuague); Venezuela (foot of
Mt. Duida, upper Orinoco); eastern Colombia ("Bogota"; La Morelia,
Caqueta) ; eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Rio Santiago) ; Peru
(La Gloria, Dept. Junin; Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho; Cosnipata, Dept.
Cuzco; Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno); northern Bolivia (Yuracares, Rio
San Mateo) ; northern Brazil (junction of Machados and Madeira riv-
ers; Para district; Tury-assu, Maranhao) B.
i : Brazil, State of Maranhao (Tury-assu i).
Philydor erythrocercus erythrocercus (Pelzeln). RUFOUS-RUMPED
PHILYDOR.
(??) Myiothera erythacus PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, p. 337, 1855 — Cayenne;
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 92, 1906
(crit.).
Anabates erythrocercus PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 105, 128, 1859 — Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos] (types in Vienna
Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, 1868 — Barra do Rio Negro,
Cayenne.
Philydor erythrocercus guianensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 60, Feb.
1919 — Ituribisi River, Brit. Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 107,
1921 — Camacusa, Ourumee, Brit. Guiana.
Philydor erythrocercus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 379 — Cayenne; TACZAN-
OWSKI, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 155, 1884 — part, descr. of Cayenne spec.; SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 420 — Camacusa; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 101, 1890
— part, a-c, e, Camacusa, British Guiana, Barra [ = Manaos]; MENEGAUX,
Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 — Camopi, French Guiana; BERLEPSCH,
Nov. Zool., 15, p. 146, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 329, 1914 — part, Obidos.
Philydor erythrocercus erythrocercus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
p. 500, 1917 — Cayenne (crit.).
Range: French and British Guiana, and northern Brazil, south to
the north bank of the Amazon (Obidos, Manaos)b.
* I am unable to perceive any constant differences between specimens from
Bolivia (ruficaudatus) , Peru (subflavescens) , eastern Ecuador and Colombia. A single
example from French Guiana and one from Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao) do not
seem to be different either.
Material examined. — Bolivia: Yuracares i, Rio San Mateo 3. Peru: Yahuar-
mayo, Puno i. Ecuador: Rio Napo 6, Sarayacu 2; "Bogotd 3; French Guiana i;
Maranhao, Brazil i.
b Specimens from Guiana (guianensis CHUBB) are identical with the types from
Manaos, as far as I can see.
Material examined. — French Guiana 9, British Guiana i, Manaos 2, Obidos 5.
210 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Philydor erythrocercus lyra Cherrie*. LYRA'S PHILYDOR.
Philydor erythrocercus lyra CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 35, p. 186, 1916 —
Sixth of March Rapids, Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso (type examined) ;
HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 500, 1917 — Para, Calama, Rio
Madeira (crit.).
Philydor erythrocercus (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 574 — Para, part; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Chamicuros, Xeberos,
Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 155, 1884 — part, Chamicuros, Xeberos;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 101, 1890 — part, spec, d, Para; IHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 436, 1905 — Rio Juru£ (spec, examined); idem, Cat.
F. Braz., i, p. 250, 1907 — Rio Jurua; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 280,
1905 — Igarape-Assii, Para; idem, I.e., 13, p. 365, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata,
Para; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — S. Antonio, Ourem, Rio
Guamd; idem, I.e., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Rio Purvis; idem, I.e., 56, p. 507, 1908 —
Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 322, 1910 — Calama,
RioMadeira; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 37,
91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi (Pard localities); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
p. 329, 1914 — part, Para, S. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, S. Antonio do Prata, Rio
Guama, Rio Moju, Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Xingii (Victoria), Rio
Curua (Mai. do Manuelsinho), Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Villa Braga), Jamauchim
(Sta Helena, Boa vista), Rio Purus.
Automolus sclateri paraensis (errore) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 61, Note,
1902 — part, "juv.", Benevides, Para (spec, examined).
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Maranhao
westwards, south to northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt), and east-
ern Peru (Rio Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros).
2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao i); Peru (Contamana, Rio Ucay-
ali i).
Genus AUTOMOLUS Reichenbach".
Automolus REICHENBACH, Handb. spec. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 173, 1853 —
* Philydor erythrocercus lyra CHERRIE: Similar to P. e. erythrocercus, but upper
wing-coverts and outer webs of remiges cinnamon or russet brown, instead of dull
brown or brownish olive; back tinged with russet; under parts slightly more buffy.
Wing (male) 88-92, (female) 80-87 ; tail (male) 70-75, (female) 65-71; bill 16-17.
While the size of the bill alluded to by Hartert and Goodson as of possible racial
value proves to be extremely variable within the same locality, specimens from
Calama (Rio Madeira), the Pard district and Maranhao appear to be somewhat
duller, less russet above than those from Matto Grosso with which a single adult
from Peru (Rio Ucayali) substantially agrees. More material is required to confirm
the constancy of this variation or otherwise.
Specimens examined. — Maranhao (Tury-assu) i, Peixe-Boi, Para 7, Calama, Rio
Madeira 7, Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt and Barao Melgaco) 2, Rio Ucayali, Peru i .
b This genus comes very close to Philydor, but may be separated by stronger, less
compressed bill and slightly lengthened crown feathers, suggesting a sort of crest.
There is no difference between the two genera, as far as I can see, in the amount of
adhesion of the middle toe. A. leucophthalmus and allies have more pointed wings
and shorter gonys, as pointed out by R. Ridgway, but this is well within the range of
variation in the related genera.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 211
type by monotypy Sphenura sulphurascens LiCHTENSTEiN=/l«a&ates leuco-
ophthalmus WIED.
Ipoborus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 31, 1859 — new name for Auto-
molus REICHENBACH.
*Automolus leucophthalmus leucophthalmus (Wied). WHITE-EYED
AUTOMOLUS.
Anabates leucophthalmus WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 141, 1821 — Rio da Cachoeira,
one of the headwaters of the Rio Ilhe'os, Bahia (types examined) ; idem, Beitr.
Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1170, 1831 — Rio Ilhe'os; BURMEISTER, Syst. tubers.
Th. Bras., 3, p. 27, 1856 — Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; PELZELN, Sitzungsber.
math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 127, 1859 — Corcovado (Rio de
Janeiro), Ypanema, Sao Paulo (soft parts); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39,
1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist
Foren., 1870, p. 378 — Lagoa Santa (Minas), Batataes (Sao Paulo).
Sphenura sulphurascens LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823
—Sao Paulo.
Philydor albogularis SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 74, pi. 74, fig. i, 1824 — Rio Verde,
Minas Geraes (types in Munich Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl.
2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 625, 1906 (crit.).
Xenops gularis LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr., 4, p. 317, Sept. 1830 — new name for
Philydor albogularis SPIX, pi. 74 [fig. i].
Xenops rufus LESSON, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 318, Sept. 1830— "Bresil" (the
type examined in Paris Museum was obtained by MENETRIES at Rio de
Janeiro); PUCHERAN, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 5, p. 547, 1853 (crit.).
Ipoborus sulphurascens CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio.
Automolus leucophthalmus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 246, 1889 — Rio
Ilhe'os (crit.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 95, 1890 — part, "Lagoa
dos Patos", Rio Grande do Sul; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 225, 1899 —
Tiete', Piracicaba, Iguap6; EULER, I.e., 4, p. 63, 1900 (nest and egg descr.);
IHERING, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande
do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — "Lagoa dos Patos" (ex SCLATER); MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, M&n. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 89, 1906 — part, spec, a,
Rio de Janeiro; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 239, 1907 — Avanhandava, Ita-
pura, Piracicaba, Jaboticabal, Rio Feio, Ubatuba, Tiete, Iguap£ (Sao Paulo),
Ourinho (Parana), Espirito Santo, Puerto Bertoni (Paraguay); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 15, p. 61, 1908 — Fazenda Esperanca, Goyaz; DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 302, 1910 — Puerto Bertoni; BERTONI, Faun. Parag.,
p. 52, 1914 — Puerto Bertoni, Iguassu; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 332,
1914 — Paraguay, Misiones; LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (i), p. 99, 1920 —
Belmonte-Ilhe'os, Bahia.
Phacellodomus Bergianus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 78, 1901 — Puerto Ber-
toni, Paraguay.
Automolus leucophthalmus bergianus CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 528 — Sapucay, Para-
guay.
212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Automolus leucophthalmus sulphurascens CORY, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn.
Ser., I, p. 340, 1916 — Rio das Velhas, Minas.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia (Rio Ilheos),
Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Rio das Velhas), and Goyaz (Fazenda
Esperanga, near Goyaz city), south to Santa Catharina8; Paraguay, and
northeastern Argentina (Misiones)b.
5: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas 5).
*Automolus leucophthalmus bangs! Cory. BANGS'S AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus leucophthalmus bangsi CORY, Auk, 36, p. 540, 1919 — Sao Amaro, a
few miles from city of Bahia.
Automolus leucophthalmus (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 95,
1890 — part, spec, a-e, Bahia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 89, 1906 — part, spec, b-d, Bahia.
Range: Coast district of central Bahia, eastern Brazil,
i : Brazil (Sao Amaro i).
*Automolus infuscatus infuscatus (Sdater). OLIVE-BACKED AUTO-
MOLUS.
Anabates infuscatus SCLATER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 17, p. 468, 1856 —
• A male secured by Carl Lehl at Blumenau on May 30, 1892 in collection of
Count Berlepsch examined. The locality "Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul" does not
rest on reliable authority.
b I am not at all certain tha<t Wied's name leucophthalmus really refers to the
small, southern form of the White-eyed Automolus. On comparing the types, I
find them to agree with a good series from Minas and Sao Paulo in the light (cinna-
mon) rufous of rump and tail, while in trade skins from Bahia and a female from Sao
Amaro these parts are of a decidedly darker chestnut rufous tone. The male type
(American Museum N. H. No. 6808), however, is fully as large as the average of
bangsi, and this fact raises the question whether the light-colored tail in the original
examples of A . leucophthalmus might not be due to fading. The point cannot be sat-
isfactorily settled without fresh material from the type locality (Rio da Cachoeira,
s. Bahia), though from geographical reasons A. leucophthalmus WIED is much more
likely to belong to the northern race separated as A. I. bangsi. Birds from Rio, Sao
Paulo, Minas Geraes, and Paraguay appear to be perfectly alike. Nineteen speci-
mens examined.
« Automolus leucophthalmus bangsi CORY: Similar to A. I. leucophthalmus (from
Rio de Janeiro southward), but larger, and with rump and tail considerably darker,
more of a chestnut rufous. Besides, the upper parts are as a rule darker, and the
flanks more extensively washed with reddish brown, with the middle of the abdomen
more brownish buff.
A. I, bangsi WING TAIL BILL
One adult female from Sao Amaro, Bahia 93 85 22
Nine unsexed "Bahia" skins 90,91,92,95-97 81-89 22-23
A. I. leucophthalmus
Male type from Rio da Cachoeira, s. Bahia 95 90 21.5
Female type from Rio da Cachoeira, s. Bahia 86 83 21
Four males from Minas Geraes . 87,87,88,90 86,87,88,88 21-22
Three males from Sap Paulo 87,87,92 83,84,87 22-23
Two females from Minas Geraes 85,85 86, — 20.5-2 1
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 213
eastern Peru (type in British Museum examined); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
p. 61, 1858 — Rio Napo.
Anabates sclateri PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturwiss. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. in (in text), 1859 — new name for Anabates infuscatus SCLATER •.
Automolus sclateri SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 — Xeberos,
Chyavetas; idem, I.e., 1873, p. i85-"-Cosnipata; idem, I.e., 1873, P- 27° —
Xeberos, Chyavetas; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas; idem,
Orn. P6r., 2, p. 151, 1884 — Xeberos, Chyavetas, Cosnipata, Yurimaguas;
BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 303, 1889 — Shanusi, near Yurimaguas;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 95, 1890 — part, spec, a-g, Rio Napo,
Sarayacu (Ecuador), Chyavetas, Chamicuros (Peru).
Automolus infuscatus infuscatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 53, 1907 — Teffe*,
Rio Solimoes (diag., range); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 410,
1917 — La Morelia, Florencia, Caquetd, Colombia.
Range: From southeastern Colombia (Caqueta district) through
eastern Ecuador to Peru (depts. Loreto, Junin, and Cuzco), and
adjacent section of northern Brazil (Teffe, Rio Solimoes, and Rio Purus)b.
6: Peru (Puerto Arturo, near Yurimaguas i, Puerto Bermudez 5).
Automolus infuscatus cervicalis (Sclater)0. OLIVE-CAPPED AUTOMOLUS.
Philydor cervicalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 33 — Bartica Grove, Cama-
cusa, British Guiana (spec, examined); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 101,
1890 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Surinam.
Anabates sclateri (not of PELZELN, I.e., p. in) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math,
naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 132, 1859 — part, Barra do Rio Negro
[ = Manaos], Marabitanas (spec, examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868
— part, Barra, Marabitanas.
Automolus sclateri (not of PELZELN) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 420 — Bartica Grove,
Camacusa; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 95, 1890 — part, spec, j-m,
Camacusa, Bartica Grove; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 61,
1902 — Nericagua, Rio Orinoco; La Pricion, La Union, Nicare, Caura R.,
Venezuela (spec, examined).
• Considered to be preoccupied by Anabates infuscatus BONAPARTE (Consp. Av.,
1, p. 210, 1850) which, as a nomen nudum, has no nomenclatorial standing, however.
b Material examined. — Peru: Yurimaguas 3, Puerto Bermudez 5. Brazil: Teffe"
2, Rio Purus 10.
No specimens seen from either Ecuador or Colombia.
8 Automolus infuscatus cervicalis (SCLATER): Similar to A. i. infuscatus, but
crown and hindneck decidedly rufescent, more or less contrasting with olive brown of
back, and flanks generally more brownish.
Birds from Venezuela (Caura Valley and Nericagua) are practically identical
with the Guianan ones. Three skins from Marabitanas and one from Manaos are
even more russet above, but this may be due to fading, since all of them were col-
lected many years ago by J. Natterer.
Material examined. — British Guiana: Bartica Grove 2, Camacusa 3, Canuku
Mts. i, Rio Carimang i, French Guiana: Rio Approuague 4. Venezuela: Nericagua
2, Caura Valley 8. Brazil: Marabitanas 3, Manaos i, Obidos 4.
214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Automolus infuscatus cervicalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 335, 1906 — Bartica
Grove, Camacusa, Canuku Mts., Rio Carimang (crit., syn.); idem, I.e., 14,
p. 53, 1907 — Cayenne, Brit. Guiana, Surinam, Venezuela, Marabitanas
(diag.); BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 145, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French
Guiana (spec, examined); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 263,
1916 — Nericagua (Orinoco), La Union (Caura R.), Venezuela.
Automolus infuscatus paraensis (not of HARTERT) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, p. 328, 1914 — part, S. Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary.
Automolus cervicalis CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 105, 1921 — British Guiana
(numerous localities).
Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; Venezuela (Caura-
Orinoco basin) ; northern Brazil, north of the Amazon (Rio Jary, Obi-
dos; Mandos, Marabitanas, Rio Negro).
Automolus infuscatus paraensis Hartert*. LOWER AMAZON AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus sclateri paraensis HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 61, note, 1902 — part,
male, "Bemavides" [ = Benevides], near Para (type examined).
Anabates sclateri (not of PELZELN, I.e., p. in) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math,
naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 132, 1859 — part, Para, Borba (spec,
examined).
Philydor erythrocercus (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 574 — Para, part (spec, examined).
Automolus sclateri (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 95,
1890 — part, spec, h, i, Para; GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 — Rio Capim; SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Para, Rio Capim, S. Antonio do Prata.
Automolus infuscatus paraensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 279, 1905 — Igarape-
Assu, Para; idem, I.e., 13, p. 365, 1906 — Sao Antonio do Prata, Para; idem,
I.e., 14, p. 53, 1907 (diag., range); idem, I.e., 17, p. 321, 1910 — Calama, Rio
Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 507, 1908 — Bella Vista, Rio Tapa-
j6z; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 37,
91, 1912 — Utinga, Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga (Para localities) ; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 328, 1914 — part, Para localities, Rio Capim, Rio Tocantins,
Rio Tapaj6z, Rio Jamauchim.
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Para west to
the Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama).
Automolus dorsalis Sclater and Salwnb. RUFOUS-RUMPED AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus dorsalis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 158 — Sarayacu,
a Automolus infuscatus paraensis (HARTERT): Distinguished from the two other
races by duller brown upper parts, and particularly by the crown being grayish
brown, sometimes slightly tinged with olive.
Material examined. — Para district 9, Rio Jamauchim i, Rio Madeira (Borba,
Calama) 2.
b Automolus dorsalis SCLATER and SALVIN: Not unlike A. infuscatus cervicalis
in general coloration, but much larger, with stouter, higher bill, and furthermore
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR . 215
Ecuador; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 94, 1890 — Sarayacu; CHAP-
MAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 409, 1917 — La Morelia, Florencia, Col-
ombia; Zamora, Ecuador (note on juv.).
Range : Southeastern Colombia (Caqueta region) , and eastern Ecua-
dor (Sarayacu, Zamora).
Automolus rubiginosus rubiginosus (Sdater}. RUDDY AUTOMOLUS.
Anabates rubiginosus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, "1856", p. 288, Jan. 1857 —
Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Automolus rubiginosus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 96, 1890 — part, spec.
a, b, "Mexico"; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Americ., Aves, 2, p. 155,
1891 — Cordoba, Jalapa, Coatepec, Uvero, Vera Cruz; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 10, p. 32, 1898 — Jalapa, Vera Cruz; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 214, 1911 — State of Vera Cruz.
Range: Southeastern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz.
Automolus rubiginosus veraepacis Salvin and Godman. VERA PAZ
AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus verae-pacis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr. -Americ., Aves, 2, p. 156,
1891 — Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala.
Automolus rubiginosus (not of SCLATER, 1857) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 91, 1890 — part, spec, c, Coban, Guatemala.
Automolus veraepacis veraepacis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5°. Part 5,
p. 214, 1911 — highlands of central Guatemala (monog.).
Range: Highlands of southeastern Mexico (in State of Chiapas),
central Guatemala (Coban, Vera Paz), and Honduras (Volcan de Puca,
Dept. Copan)a.
Automolus rubiginosus umbrinus Salvin and Godman, TAWNY AUTO-
MOLUS.
distinguished by possessing a conspicuous buffy white loral spot and a broad buff
superciliary stripe; upper parts much more rufous (about "argus brown"); throat
and foreneck more yellowish, nearest to "massicot yellow"; under wing-coverts
deeper orange ochraceous, etc. Wing (one male) 98; tail 80; bill 21.
The only specimen seen (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 129796, male, Za-
mora, Ecuador, October 23, 1913, W. B. RICHARDSON) differs somewhat from the
original description which calls both superciliaries and under parts ochraceous,
while the latter, in the Zamora bird, are grayish buff, shaded with brownish olive
on flanks, and passing into pale yellowish on throat. However, the type might
have been a young bird, as P. M. Chapman suggests.
The relationship of this bird to A . i. infuscatus, likewise recorded from eastern
Ecuador, requires further elucidation.
»An adult male} from La Colonia, Chiapas, obtained by M. Trujillo in May
1895, in the Berlepsch Collection, while agreeing with two topotypes from Coban
in coloration of under parts, has slightly paler, more olivaceous wings, and the tail
of a clearer rufous. An adult female from Volcan de Puca, Dept. Copan, Honduras,
2i6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Automolus umbrinus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 157,
1891 — Santa Maria, near Quetzaltenango, Pacific slope of Guatemala.
Automolus rubiginosus (not of SCLATER 1857) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 91, 1890 — part, spec, d-h, Savanna Grande, Barranca Honda, Volcan de
Agua, Volcan de Fuego.
Automolus veraepacis umbrinus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 215, 1911 — highlands of western Guatemala (monog.).
Range: Pacific slopes of Guatemala (Santa Maria, near Quetzal-
tenango, Barranca Honda, Volcan de Agua, Volcan de Fuego).
Automolus rubiginosus guerrerensis Salvin and Godman. GUERRERO
AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus guerrerensis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p.
157, 1891 — Omilteme, Guerrero; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 216, 1911 — southwestern Mexico (monog.).
Automolus pectoralis NELSON, Auk, 14, p. 54, 1897 — Pluma, Oaxaca.
Range: Southwestern Mexico, in states of Guerrero (Omilteme,
Xautipa) and western Oaxaca (Pluma).
Automolus rubiginosus fumosus Salvin and Godman*. SOOTY AUTO-
MOLUS.
Automolus fumosus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 158,
1891 — Bibalaz, Volcan de Chiriqui (type examined); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 216, 1911 (ex SALVIN and GODMAN).
Automolus cervinigularis (not of SCLATER 1857) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 91, 1890 — part, spec, n, Bibalaz, Chiriqui.
Range: Western Panama (Bibalaz and El Banco, Volcan de
Chiriqui) .
taken by Wittkugel on April 8, 1889, and preserved in the Brunswick Museum, is
much less rufous above, and more ochraceous in the middle of the belly than three
skins from Coban and Chiapas
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
One male from Chiapas 93 85 25
Two (unsexed) adults from Coban 91,92 84, 86 24.25
One female from Honduras 92.5 90 25
A. ». veraepacis may be recognized from the typical race by its paler coloring,
especially below.
a Automolus rubiginosus fumosus SALVIN and GODMAN: Nearest to A. r. verae-
pacis, but crown and back much darker, less tawny; wings much deeper and almost
concolor with back; throat and foreneck paler, ochraceous rather than tawny ochra-
ceous; breast and abdomen olive brown, with a hardly perceptible rufescent tinge.
More like A. r. umbrinus on the under parts, but flanks, sides of head, and wings
much more deeply colored. Wing (three specimens) 87-92; tail 82-83; bill 25.
Besides the type, I have examined male and female secured by H. W. Watson
at El Banco, alt. 3,800 ft. in March 1903, in the Tring Museum.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 217
*Automolus rubiginosus rufipectus Bangs11. RUFOUS-CHESTED AUTO-
MOLUS.
Automolus rufipectus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 158, 1898 — Pueblo
Viejo, Santa Marta Mts.; idem, I.e., 13, p. 99, 1899 — Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 158, 1900 (ex BANGS); TODD
and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 283, 1922 — La Concepcion, San
Antonio, Cincinnati, Las Vegas, Agua Dulce, Pueblo Viejo, Chirua, Heights
of Chirua.
Range: Northern Colombia, Santa Marta Mountains, at altitudes
of from 2,000 to 6,000 ft.
i: Colombia (La Concepcion i).
Automolus rubiginosus cinnamomeigula Hellmayrb. CINNAMON-
THROATED AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus cinnamomeigula HELLMAVR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, p. 55, 1905 —
Bogota; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 411, 1917 — La Murelia,
Caqueta region.
Range: Amazonian slope of East Colombian Andes ("Bogota";
La Murelia, Caqueta region).
Automolus rubiginosus watkinsi Hellmayr. WATKINS'S AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus watkinsi HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., n, No. i, p. 160, 1912 —
Yahuarmayo, Carabaya, Peru; idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 74,
1920 — Yahuarmayo, San Gaban, Chaquimayo, Peru.
Range: Southeastern Peru, in Dept. Puno (Amazonian slope of
Sierra de Carabaya).
'•Automolus rubiginosus rufipectus BANGS: This race, instead of resembling its
geographical neighbor A . r.fumosus, is much more nearly related to A . r. guerrerensis,
with which it agrees in coloration of under parts and in having the crown and hind-
neck raw umber brown like the back, but differs at a glance by its much darker
chestnut rufous tail. Wing (male) 87 ; tail 85 ; bill 24.
b Automolus rubiginosus cinnamomeigula HELLMAYR: Nearest to A. obscurus,
but larger; throat and chest decidedly deeper cinnamon rufous, lower breast and
abdomen much more ochraceous, under tail-coverts cinnamon rufous instead of
olive brown; pileum mummy brown, not tinged with russet; back slightly darker;
upper wing-coverts much more tinged with cinnamon rufous, etc. In size and gen-
eral coloration more nearly agreeing with A . rubiginosus rufipectus, but among other
features immediately recognizable by the dark olive brown instead of chestnut rufous
auriculars. Wing 85; tail 76; bill 25.
This form as well as the two succeeding ones are merely races of the rubiginosus
group.
• Automolus rubiginosus watkinsi HELLMAYR: Similar to A. r. cinnamomeigula
in size and dark brown auriculars; but forehead only mummy brown, rest of pileum,
hindneck and sides of neck chestnut brown; chin and middle of upper throat ochra-
ceous, conspicuously paler than the cinnamon or chestnut rufous lower throat and
malar region; under parts dingy earthy brown, without any rufous on flanks, etc.
Wing (three specimens) 87-90; tail 78-82; bill 22-24.
218 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Automolus rubiginosus obscurus (Pelzelri)*. DUSKY AUTOMOLUS.
Anabates obscurus PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. no (footnote), 1859 — Cayenne (type in Vienna Museum examined).
Automolus obscurus BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 145, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio
Approuague, French Guiana (crit., spec, examined).
Range: French Guiana (Cayenne; Rio Approuague; Pied Saut.
Oyapock; Tamanoir, Mana River).
Automolus nigricauda nigricauda Hartertb. BLACK-TAILED AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus nigricauda HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p. 30, 1898 — Cachavi,
Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (type examined); idem, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 491,
1898 — Cachavi; idem, I.e., 9, p. 616, 1902 — Paramba, Rio Sapayo, Ecuador:
HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1150 — N6vita, Colombia.
Range: Northwestern Ecuador, in Province of Esmeraldas (Cach-
avi, Rio Sapayo, Paramba), and western Colombia (Novita, Rio San
Juan).
Automolus nigricauda saturates Chapman0. NORTHERN BLACK-TAILED
AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus nigricauda saturatus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.f 34, p. 644,
1915 — Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio, Colombia (type), Tacarcuna, Panama; idem,
l.c., 36, p. 410, 1917 — Alto Bonito.
Range: Tropical Zone of northwestern Colombia (Rio Sucio), and
eastern Panama (Tacarcuna).
8 Automolus rubiginosus obscurus (PELZELN): Differs from A. r. cinnamomeigula
and A. r. watkinsi in much smaller size, slenderer bill, and much weaker feet. In
coloration, it is nearer to A. rubiginosus fumosus, but lacks the chestnut brown on
the crown, while the sides of the throat and malar region are much deeper rufous,
the axillars and under wing-coverts much darker, etc. Wing (two males) 83, (two
females) 77, 80; tail 72-75; bill 20-22. Five specimens examined.
b Automolus nigricauda nigricauda HARTERT: Nearest to A. rubiginosus fumosus ,
but immediately recognizable by dull black (instead of rufous chestnut) tail, dark
olive sepia wings and upper tail-coverts, darker rufous throat (about the same shade
as in A. obscurus), and pale brownish or grayish olive under parts, without any
rufous on crissum. Wing (three males) 84-87; tail 71-74; bill 23-25.5.
This is probably also a race of the A. rubiginosus group.
Material examined. — Ecuador: Cachavi i, Paramba i, Rio Sapayo i; N6vita,
Colombia i.
"Automolus nigricauda saturatus CHAPMAN: "Similar to A. n. nigricauda, but
very much darker; the back deep blackish bay instead of between raw umber and
mummy brown, the crown and nape only slightly darker than the back, with more
of a claret brown tinge, which is clearer on the sides of the head; wings externally
of the same color as the back, tail black ; breast somewhat deeper than in nigricauda,
the rest of the under parts darker brown, less olivaceous, the sides and particularly
flanks much darker, nearly the color of the back." (CHAPMAN, l.c.).
We have not seen this obviously well differentiated form.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 219
Automolus melanopezus (SclaterY. BROWN-RUMPED AUTOMOLUS.
Anabates melanopezus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 61, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecua-
dor.
Automolus melanopezus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 93, 1890 — Rio Napo,
Sarayacu, Ecuador.
Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu).
Automolus roraimae Hellmayrb. WHITE-THROATED AUTOMOLUS.
Philydor albigularis (not of SPIX 1824) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis (5) 2, p. 450,
1884 — Roraima, Brit. Guiana; SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 420 — Roraima.
Automolus albigularis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 93, 1890 — Roraima;
CHUBB, Birds, Brit. Gui., 2, p. 104, 1921 — Roraima.
Automolus roraimae HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2, p. 199, Sept.
1917 — new name for Philydor albigularis SALVIN and GODMAN, preoccupied
(crit.).
Range: Roraima Mts., British Guiana.
*Automolus ochrolaemus ochrolaemus (Tschudi). OCHREOUS-
THROATED AUTOMOLUS.
Anabates ochrolaemus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 295, 1844 — Peru;
idem,- Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 240, pi. 20, fig. 2, 1846 — forest region of Peru,
between 10° and 12° s. lat. (type in Neuchatel Museum examined); SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 86 — part, Huallaga, Ucayali (crit.).
Philydor turdinus (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866,
p. 184 — Upper Ucayali.
Philydor ochrolaemus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 269 — Upper
Ucayali.
Automolus ochrolaemus SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 158, 1862 — eastern
Peru; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 527 — Amable Maria; idem, Orn.
8 Automolus melanopezus (SCLATER) : Nearly allied to A. o. ochrolaemus, but with-
out trace of ochraceous superciliaries ; auriculars plain prouts brown, not streaked
with ochraceous; throat paler ochraceous (about intermediate in tone between
ochrolaemus and turdinus); middle of breast and abdomen largely buff; upper parts
more rufescent, upper tail-coverts hardly different from back (not bright chestnut
rufous like tail) ; tail lighter; bill shorter and stouter. Wing (one unsexed adult) 85;
tail 81; bill 20.
The only specimen I have seen (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 43205, Rio
Napo, Moore. Coll. Lawrence) differs from Sclater's description in the under parts
being buff, tinged with rufescent brown along the sides, and passing into ochraceous
on the throat, and by no means "pale ashy brown, paler on the throat and middle of
the belly." Its relations to the ochrolaemus group require further elucidation.
b Automolus roraimae HELLMAYR: In general coloration not unlike A. ochrolae-
mus exsertus, but back and wings much more rufous brown; under parts darker and
more brownish; auriculars plain blackish brown; narrow, but sharply denned super-
ciliaries white; bill much weaker and slenderer, with terminal portion more com-
pressed; wing shorter. Wing (three specimens) 82-84; tail 74-79; bill 19-21.
220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
P£r., 2, p. 150, 1884, — part, Amable Maria, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 92, 1890 — part, spec, a, Peru, c, Upper Ucayali (certe)*;
BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 13, 1905 (crit., note on type).
Automolus ochrolaemus ochrolaemus HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10,
p. 74, 1920 — San Gaban, Chaquimayo, Sierra of Carabaya, Peru.
Range : Tropical Zone of Peru, south of the Marafion, in depts. of
Loreto (Moyobamba, Rio Huallaga, upper Ucayali), Junin (Amable
Maria), and northern Puno (San Gaban, Chaquimayo, north slope of
Sierra de Carabaya), and northern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo)b.
i: Peru (Moyobamba i).
Automolus ochrolaemus turdinus (Pelzeln)0. PELZELN'S AUTOMOLUS.
Anabates turdinus PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. no, 131, 1859 — Borba (Rio Madeira), Barra do Rio Negro [ =Manaos];
we herewith designate Manaosd as type locality (spec, in Vienna Museum
examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — Barra, Borba.
Anabates ochrolaemus (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 86—
part, spec, ex NATTERER.
Philydor turdinus SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, P- 420 — Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana (spec,
examined).
Automolus turdinus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 93, 1890 — Barra, Bartica
Grove; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 61, 1902 — Munduapo,
Rio Orinoco (spec, examined); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178,
1904 — Kourou, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. GOELDI, 8, p. 327,
1914 — Boim, Villa Braga (Rio Tapaj6z), Obidos, Faro (Rio Jamunda);
CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 263, 1916 — Munduapo.
Automolus ochralaemus (not of TSCHUDI) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 150,
1884 — part, Oyapock, French Guiana.
Automolus ochrolaemus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 92, 1890 — part, spec,
d, Bogota; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 327, 1914 — Rio Punis.
a Specimen b (Sarayacu) probably belongs to some other form, either turdinus
or melanopezus. We have no material from eastern Ecuador.
b Tschudi's type is precisely similar to specimens from the Huallaga River, with
which a series from Carabaya also agrees.
Six examples from northern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo) are more olivaceous, less
russet above, and slightly paler underneath, while the rump is of a lighter rufous.
They appear to form the transition to A. o. turdinus and may be separable sub-
specifically.
Material examined. — Peru: type i, Huallaga 2, Moyobamba i, Carabaya (San
Gaban, Chaquimayo) 5; Rio San Mateo, Bolivia 6.
"Automolus ochrolaemus turdinus (PELZELN): Differs from A. o. ochrolaemus by
having the throat and malar region buff (almost whitish on the chin) instead of
deep ochraceous, and the remainder of the lower parts less tinged with ochreous.
d Natterer obtained two males and two females, all in good plumage, at Barra,
and a single male, in very worn condition, at Borba, Rio Madeira.
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 221
Automolus ochrolaemus turdinus BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53,
p. 14, 1905 — Bogotd (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 365, 1907 — Borba;
idem, I.e., 17, p. 321, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn.,
56, p. 13, 1908 — Cachoeira, Rio Puriis; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 409, 1917 — Buena vista, Villa vicencio, Colombia; BANGS and PEN-
ARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 66, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Sur-
inam.
Automolus turdinus macconnelli CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 60, 1919 —
Ituribisi River, Brit. Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 103, 1921 (numer-
ous localities in British Guiana).
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela
(Munduapo, Rio Orinoco); eastern Colombia (Buenavista, Villavi-
cencio); northern Brazil (Manaos, Obidos, Rio Jamunda; Rio Tapa-
j6z; Rio Madeira; Rio Purus)a.
*Automolus ochrolaemus pallidigularis Lawrence. PALE-THROATED
AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus pallidigularis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 465,
1862 — Panama Railroad; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 354
— Lion Hill, Panama; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 522 — Remedies, Colombia; SCLATER
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 94, 1890 — part, spec, e-k, Panama, Remedies (Col-
ombia), Balzar, Santa Rita (Ecuador); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 159, 1891 — part, Panama (Lion Hill), Colombia, Ecua-
dor; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 26, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Pan-
ama; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22,
1899 — Rio Peripa, Ecuador.
Automolus pallidigularis albidior HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 8, p. 369, 1901 — San
Javier and Carondelet, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
Anabates ochrolaemus (not of TSCHUDI) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
7, p. 319, 1862 — Panama Railroad.
Anabates cervinigularis (not of SCLATER) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
7, p. 295, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama.
Automolus pallidigularis pallidigularis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 220, 1911 — Panama (Panama, Lion Hill), Colombia (Remedies),
Ecuador; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 410, 1917 — Puerto Val-
divia (Cauca), Malena, Honda (Magdalena valley), Tacarcuna (Panama);
STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 262, 1918 — Gatun, Panama; BANGS
B Birds from British Guiana (macconnelli CHUBB) are absolutely indistinguish-
able from the four cotypes secured by J. Natterer at Mandos. Two specimens from
Munduapo, and three "Bogotd" skins average slightly paler both above and below,
the coloring of the throat being, however, exactly the same as in the type series.
Birds from south of the Amazon (Villa Braga, Borba, Calama, Rio Puriis) are still
more olivaceous above and more buffy beneath, suggesting an approach to the
western ochrolaemus.
Material examined. — British Guiana: Bartica Grove 4, Demerara i. French
Guiana 8; Munduapo, R. Orinoco 2; Mandos 4, Borba 2, Calama i, Villa Braga, Rio
Tapaj6z 8, Rio Puriis 10; "Bogotd" 3.
222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 211, 1922 — Mt. Sapo, Rio
Esnape, Darien.
Range: Eastern Panama (Lion Hill, Tacarcuna, Mt. Sapo, Rio
Esnape), Colombia (lower Cauca, and Magdalena Valley), and western
Ecuador (Prov. Esmeraldas; Rio Peripa, Balzar, Santa Rita)a.
4: Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas (San Javier i, Carondelet i,
Pambilar 2).
*Automolus ochrolaemus exsertus Bangs. CHIRIQUI AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus exsertus BANGS, Auk, 18, p. 367, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui (type exam-
ined); idem, I.e., 24, p. 299, 1907 — Boruca, Lagarto, Pozo del Rio Grande,
s.w. Costa Rica.
Automolus pallidigularis (not of LAWRENCE 1862) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 106, 1868 — part, Guaitil, Cartago; SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1870, p. 192 — Boquete de Chitra, Bugaba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 94, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Costa Rica, Bugaba, Chiriqui, Boquete de Chitra;
SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 159, 1891 — part, Guai-
til (Costa Rica), Bugaba, Boquete de Chitra, Calobre (Panama); CHERRIE,
Expl. Zool. merid. Costa Rica, p. 38, 1893 — Boruca, Terraba, Buenos Aires;
idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, 6, p. 16, 1893 — Pozo del Pital,
Costa Rica (crit.).
Automolus pallidigularis exsertus CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 641,
1910 — s.w. Costa Rica (crit.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 221, 1911 — Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.).
Range: Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiri-
qui; Veragua)b.
7: Costa Rica (Cabagre i, Terraba i, Boruca i, Pozo del Rio
Grande i); Panama (Bogava, Chiriqui 2, El Banco, Chiriqui i).
• With six specimens from Panama (Lion Hill 2, Darien 4) and six from north-
western Ecuador (albidior) before me, I consider it impossible to maintain the latter
race. Two topotypes from Lion Hill and one from Darien (Esnape) have the throat
a faint shade more buffy, but three others from the latter locality are just as white
throated as the Ecuadorian birds. Albidior possibly averages slightly darker under-
neath, but this divergency requires confirmation by a more satisfactory series, since
the Esmeraldas specimens are exactly matched by some of the Darien birds which
show remarkable variation in coloration of lower parts.
b It will be remembered that SALVIN and GODMAN (Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves,
2, p. 158, 159) record both A. cervinigularis and A. "pallidigularis" from the Verag-
uas. Although no specimens are available I have little doubt that all the birds of
that region will ultimately prove to belong to A. o. exsertus. One of our Bogava
skins, by reason of its distinct postocular stripe and decidedly rufous under tail-
coverts, closely approaches the eastern hypophaeus, and it is probable that similar
examples (which obviously represent only the extreme of individual variation) have
given rise to the reported occurrence of ' 'cervinigularis" in the Veraguas.
Material examined. — Panama, Chiriqui: Divala 2, El Banco i, Bogava 2.
Costa Rica: Boruca 8, Pozo Azul 2, El General i, Pozo del Rio Grande i, Terraba i,
Cabagre i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 223
*Automolus ochrolaemus hypophaeus Ridgway. DARK-BREASTED
AUTOMOLUS.
Automolus cervinigularis hypophaeus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 72,
1909 — Rio Reventaz6n at Guayabo Station, Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 640, 1910 — Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica (habits,
nest and eggs descr.) ; FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270,
1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 219, 1911 — Caribbean slope of Costa Rica (monog.).
Automolus cervinigularis (not of SCLATER 1857) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 96, 1890 — part, spec, i-k, Tucurriqui, La Balsa, Costa Rica; SALVIN and
GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 158, 1891 — part, Costa Rica.
Range : Caribbean slope of Costa Ricaa.
2: Costa Rica (Guayabo i, Tuis i).
*Automolus ochrolaemus cervinigularis (Sclater). BUFF-THROATED
AUTOMOLUS.
Anabates cervinigularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, "1856", p. 288, Jan. 1857 —
Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico; SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1860, p. 35 — Coban,
Guatemala.
Automolus cervinigularis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 91, 1890 — part,
spec, a-h, Cordoba, city of Mexico, Rio de la Pasion and Choctum, Guate-
mala; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 158, 1891 —
part, Mexico and Guatemala; BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 150,
1903 — Yaruca, Honduras.
Automolus pallidigularis (not of LAWRENCE) NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
6, p. 404, 1884 — Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; RIDGWAY, I.e., 14, p. 471, 1891 —
Santa Ana, Honduras; RICHMOND, I.e., 16, p. 497, 1893 — Rio Escondido,
Nicaragua (habits).
Automolus cervinigularis cervinigularis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 217, 1911 — southeastern Mexico to Nicaragua (monog.).
Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Mexico (?),
Oaxaca, and Tabasco), Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, and
eastern Nicaragua.
6: Guatemala (unspecified 5) ; Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte i).
Automolus rufipileatusb rufipileatus (Pelzeln). CHESTNUT-CROWNED
AUTOMOLUS.
Anabates rufipileatus PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
."Six specimens from eastern Costa Rica (Carrillo, La Vijagua, Talamanca,
Guayabo, Tuis) examined.
blf the genera Philydor and Automolus are separated, P. rufipileatus must go
with the latter, since it agrees with the genotype (A. leucophthalmus) in the length-
ened crown feathers, although in shape of bill it is intermediate.
224 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
34, p. 109, 131, 1859 — Pard (type in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Orn.
Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — Para.
Philydor rufipileatus rufipileatus HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53,
p. 220, 1903 — Para (diag.); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. K3. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Para.
Philydor rufipileatus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Bom Lugar, Rio
Punis (spec, examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 329, 1914 — Baiao
(Rio Tocantins), Bom Lugar (Rio Punis).
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Para to the
Purtis River*.
*Automolus rufipileatus consobrinus (Sclater)b. NORTHERN CHESTNUT-
CROWNED AUTOMOLUS.
Philydor consobrinus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 328 — Bogota (type exam-
ined); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 98, pi. 9, 1890 — Bogota.
Philydor consobrinus rufipileatus (not of PELZELN) BERLEPSCH and HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 9, p. 61, 1902 — Suapure, La Pricion, Caura River, Venezuela
(spec, examined).
Philydor rufipileatus consobrinus HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53,
p. 220, 1903 — Bogota, Caura (diag.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 90, 1906 — Bogota; Pebas, Peru (crit.); CHERRIE,
Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 264, 1916 — Caura River; CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 411, 1917 — Villavicencio, Colombia.
Philydor rufipileatus maynanus HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53,
p. 220, 1903 — Maynas, Peru.
Automolus pattidigularis (errore) GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Coca, Rio
Napo (spec, examined).
Range: British Guiana (Takutu River); Venezuela (Suapure and
Nicare, Caura Valley); eastern Colombia (Villavicencio, "Bogota");
eastern Ecuador (Coca, Rio Napo); northern Peru (Maynas, Pebas,
Moyobamba).
i: Peru (Moyobamba i).
• An adult female from Bom Lugar (Rio Punis) is evidently inseparable from the
type with which it was compared, and much less brownish below than a series of
Bogota skins. Six specimens from the Tapajoz are in the Carnegie Museum,
Pittsburgh.
b Automolus rufipileatus consobrinus (SCLATER): Differs from A. r. rufipileatus
merely by much darker, more brownish under parts, only the throat being buff.
Wing 84-91; tail 75-86; bill 21-22.
I cannot detect any constant difference between specimens from Bogota (conso-
brinus), Peru (maynanus), Venezuela, and British Guiana, although from the two
last named countries but a few skins have been available.
Material. — British Guiana, Rio Takutu i; Venezuela, Suapure i, La Pricion i;
"Bogota" 6; Coca, Rio Napo i; Peru, Maynas i, Pebas 2, Moyobamba i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 225
Automolus ruficollis (Taczanowski}*. RUFOUS-NECKED AUTOMOLUS.
Anabazenops ruficollis TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 160, 1884 — Paucal = Nancho,
Peru (one of the types examined).
Automolus celicae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 18, p. 10, 1921 — Celica, Prov.
Loja, Ecuador (type examined).
Range: Subtropical Zone of southern Ecuador (Celica, Alamor,
Guachumana, Prov. Loja) and northwestern Peru (Paucal = Nancho,
Dept. Cajamarca).
*Automolus rectirostris (Wied)b. STRAIGHT-BILLED AUTOMOLUS.
Opetiorhynchus rectirostris WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 679, 1831 —
Campos Geraes, on the boundary line of Bahia and Minas Geraes (type in
American Museum examined).
Anabates concolor PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34,
p. 103, 126, 1859 — Sangrador, Matto Grosso (types in Vienna Museum exam-
ined); idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 39, 1868 — Sangrador.
Automolus rubidus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 654 — Brazil (type in British
Museum examined); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 91, pi. 7, 1890 — Brazil.
* Automolus ruficollis (TACZANOWSKI): Upper parts ochraceous tawny, pileum
somewhat duller, more Brussels brown; a very pronounced superciliary stripe ochra-
ceous buff anteriorly, deepening to ochraceous orange in postocular portion and pass-
ing into the slightly deeper ochraceous orange of the sides of the neck and ill defined
nuchal band whose feathers are faintly streaked with buff; wing-coverts, tertials,
and outer webs of remaining remiges like. the back, inner webs dusky; tail including
upper tail-coverts deep hazel; lores whitish buff, tipped with blackish, forming a nar-
row supraloral streak; subocular and auricular regions buff, streaked with dusky;
throat ochraceous buff or antimony yellow, somewhat deeper laterally and on lower
portion, suggesting a darker jugular band; remainder of under parts isabella brown-
ish, more tawny olive on flanks, the entire breast marked with distinct pale buff
mesial streaks, becoming evanescent abdominally; under tail-coverts light cinna-
mon rufous; axillars and under wing-coverts orange ochraceous; quill lining bright
ochraceous buff; maxilla blackish horn color, mandible pale yellowish with tip and
cutting edge horn brown. Wing (unsexed, Paucal) 87.5, (two males, Celica, Alamor,
Prov. Loja) 88, 89; tail 78-82; bill 20-22.
This well characterized species, in its structural features, closely agrees with
A . leucophthalmus, and should, no doubt, be referred to A utomolus. The coloration
is unlike any member of this genus, and certain peculiarities, such as the ochraceous
orange superciliaries and sides of neck, remind of the Juvenal plumage of Xenoctistes
subalaris and allies, while the pattern of the under parts recalls Xenicopsoides mon-
tanus temporalis.
b A very distinct species, at once recognizable by its large size, elongated bill,
clay color under parts, and rufous pileum, wings, and tail. The young bird has the
feathers of the pileum broadly margined with sooty blackish, while malar region,
lower throat, and chest show narrow squamate markings of dusky.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
One adult male from Matto Grosso 102 25
Two adult females from Matto Grosso 95.ioi — ,97 22.5,25
Two adult females from Minas Geraes 92,98 — ,91 — ,24
Material examined. — "Brazil" 2; Rio das Velhas, Minas Geraes 3; Matto Grosso,
Sangrador 2, Miranda (M. Bach coll., British Museum) i.
226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Furnarius rectirostris REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 392
— Lagoa Santa, and Fazenda Lages, near S. Anna dos Allegres, Minas Geraes.
Automolus rectirostris ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 246, 1889 (note on
Wied's type); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 28, 1905 (crit.,
syn., range).
Range: Campos districts of eastern and central Brazil, in states
of Bahia, Minas Geraes (Rio das Velhas, Lagoa Santa, Lages, near S.
Anna dos Allegres), and Matto Grosso (Sangrador, Miranda).
3: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa 3).
Genus HYLOCRYPTUS Chapman".
Hylocryptus CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 258, 1919 — type Hylocryptus
erythrocephalus CHAPMAN.
Hylocryptus erythrocephalus Chapman*. TAWNY-HEADED HYLO-
CRYPTUS.
Hylocryptus erythrocephalus CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 259, 1919
— Alamor, Peruvian-Ecuador boundary.
Range: Southwestern Ecuador, in Province El Oro (Alamor,
Paletilla).
Genus CICHLOCOLAPTES Reichenbach".
Cichlocolaptes REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 174,
1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Anabates ferruginolentus WIED.
a Genus Hylocryptus CHAPMAN.
"Most nearly related to Automolus, but with a longer, proportionately more slen-
der bill, the gonydeal angle barely evident, the maxilla as well as mandible termin-
ally decurved; the culmen from base decidedly longer than tarsus, its depth at gony-
deal angle less instead of more than three times its length from nostril."
b Hylocryptus erythrocephalus CHAPMAN.
"Head all around, including nape, cheeks, auriculars, and throat between San-
ford's brown and orange rufous (throat more ochraceous orange) clearly defined,
especially on the nape and sides of the neck, from the Dresden brown back and pale
grayish olive under parts; rump tinged with orange rufous passing into pure orange
rufous on the upper tail-coverts; rectrices slightly deeper in tone than head; wing-
quills externally somewhat duller with a faint olivaceous tinge; inner quills and
wing-coverts wholly orange rufous; bend of the wing and under wing-coverts ochra-
ceous orange; flanks and ventral region washed with the color of the back; lower
tail-coverts ochraceous orange; feet brownish black; maxilla dark brown, lighter
terminally; mandible horn color. Wing 92 ; tail 83 ; tarsus 26 ; hind toe 2 1 ; outer toe
19.5; middle toe 26.5; inner toe 17 (all with nail); culmen from base 30; bill from
nostril 22 ; depth at gonydeal angle 6.5 mm.
A not fully adult female from Paletilla agrees in size with the type and differs in
color only in the presence of narrow blackish terminal margins on the feathers of
the occiput and under parts." (CHAPMAN, I.e.).
Certain structural characters and the immature plumage of this bird which we
have not seen suggest affinities to Automolus rectirostris (WIED).
0 The slender, elongated bill, together with the rather long wings and several
other characters, appears to justify the generic separation of this peculiar species.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 227
Cichlocolaptes leucophrys (Jardine and Selby). RUSTY-RUMPED
ClCHLOCOLAPTES.
Anabates leucophrys JARDINE and SELBY, Illust. Ornith., 2, Part 6, pi. 93, Aug.
1830 — "Brazils" (type now in British Museum examined).
A nabates ferruginolentus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1166, 1831 — Prov.
Bahia.
Anabatoides ferruginolentus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 25, 1856 —
Bahia (ex WIED).
Ipoborus ferruginolentus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 31, 1859 —
Bahia; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio.
Automolus ferruginolentus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 246, 1889 —
Interior of Bahia (Wied's types); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 88,
1890 — "Rio Grande", Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 225, 1899 —
Iguape1, S. Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, Annuario
Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — "Rio Grande do Sul"; idem, Cat.
Faun. Braz., i, p. 238, 1907 — Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo.
Automolus leucophrys HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 142, 1915
— Braco do Sul, near Victoria, Espirito Santo (crit., range).
Range: Coast region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia,
Rio de Janeiro (Rio, Cantagallo), and Sao Paulo (Alto da Serra, Sao
Sebastiao, Iguape)a.
Genus HELIOBLETUS Reichenbach.
Heliobletus REiCHENBACHb, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, p. 201, 1853 — type
by monotypy Philydor superciliosus REICHENBACH (not Dendrocolaptes super-
ciliosus LICHTENSTEIN) = Heliobletus contaminatus BERLEPSCH.
Heliobletus contaminatus Berlepsch. FULVOUS-BROWED SHARP-BILL.
Heliobletus contaminatus (ex LICHTENSTEIN MS.) BERLEPSCH", Zeits. ges. Orn.,
2, p. 144, 1885 — new name for Heliobletus superciliosus BURMEISTER (not of
LICHTENSTEIN), Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 32, 1856 — Novo Friburgo, Prov.
Rio de Janeiro; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, I.e., 2, p. 144, 1885 — Taquara, R.io
Grande do Sul; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Novo Friburgo;
idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Taquara do Mundo
Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 241, 1907 — Osasco,
Bauni, Rio Frio, Itarare, Alto da Serra, Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo;
& Material examined. — Brazil (type otA. leucophrys) i, Bahia i, Rio de Janeiro i,
Brago do Sul, Espirito Santo i, Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo 2.
b Although Reichenbach misidentified the genotype with Dendrocolaptes super-
ciliosus LICHTENSTEIN (—Dendrocopus pyrrhophius VIEILLOT), belonging to quite a
different genus, the generic characters are clearly taken from the present species.
0 Berlepsch's name contaminatus, though not accompanied by any description,
becomes valid by his reference to Burmeister where an excellent account of the
species is given.
228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5, p. 479, 497, 1912 — Vera
Guarany, Parana; BERTONI, El Hornero, x, p. 256, 1919 — Puerto Bertoni,
Paraguay.
Anabates contaminatus LICHTENSTEIN, Nomencl. Av. Mus. Berol., p. 64, 1854
(nom. nud.); PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34,
p. 129, 1859 (nom nud.) — Ypanema, Itarard, Curytiba (soft parts); idem,.
Orn. Bras., I, p. 40, 1868 — Ypanema, Itarare (Sao Paulo), Curytiba (Par-
ana) (spec, examined).
Heliobletus superciliosus (not Dendrocolaptes superciliosus LICHTENSTEIN) REICH-
ENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, p. 200, pi. 546, fig. 3720-21, 1853;
BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 32, 1856 — Novo Friburgo, Rio;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 104, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 3, p. 226, 1899 — Ypiranga; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 265, 1919 —
Puerto Segundo, Misiones.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de Janeiro, Sao
Paulo, Parana, and Rio Grande do Sul, and adjacent portions of Para-
guay (Puerto Bertoni), and Argentina (Misiones).
Genus THRIPADECTES Sclater.
Ttiripadectes SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 157, 1862 — type by monotypy
Anabates flammulatus EYTON.
Rhopoctites RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 72, 1909 — type Philydor
rufobrunneus LAWRENCE.
*Thripadectes flammulatus flammulatus (Eytori). FLAMMULATED
TREE-HUNTER.
Anabates flammulatus EYRON, Contrib. Orn., 1849, p. 131 — "New Granada" =
Bogota; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota.
Thripadectes flammulatus SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 157, 1862 —
Bogota; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 521 — Frontino, Antio-
quia (egg descr.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 102, 1890 — part, spec,
b-h, Bogota, Frontino, Colombia; eastern Cordillera of Quito, Ecuador;
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 158, 1900 — El Libano, Santa Marta
Mts.; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 6 1 — Gualea, Ecuador; CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 412, 1917 — Laguneta, central Andes; LONNBERG
and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 70, 1922 — road to Mindo, road to
Nanegal, Ecuador; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 282,
1922 — Heights of Chirua, Santa Marta Mts.
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Colombia (Bogota, Par-
amo de Tama, Laguneta, Frontino; Heights of Chirua, El Libano,
Santa Marta Mts.), and Ecuador*.
2: Colombia (Bogota i, Paramo de Tama i).
" Two specimens from Ecuador (Quito "make") appear to agree with five Bogota
skins. The Paramo de Tama bird and a male from Chirua are likewise typical, show-
ing no approach to T. f. bricenoi.
BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 229
Thripadectes flammulatus bricenoi Berlepsch*, BRICENO'S TREE-
HUNTER.
Thripadectes bricenoi BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, p. 364, Feb. 1907 — Culata, Andes of
Merida, Venezuela (type examined).
Thripadectes flammulatus (not of EYTON) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 102,
1890 — part, spec, a, "Merida" =Culata.
Range: Western Venezuela, Andes of Merida (Culata).
Thripadectes scrutator Taczanowskib. TACZANOWSKI'S TREE-HUNTER.
Thripadectes scrutator TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 137 — Maraynioc,
Dept. Junin; idem, I.e., p. 527 — Maraynioc; idem, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 146, 1884
— Maraynioc; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 103, 1890 (ex TACZANOWSKI);
CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 85, 1921 — Lucma, Urubamba region.
Range: Central Peru, in depts. Junin (Maraynioc) and Cuzco
(Lucma, Rio Vilcabamba) .
Thripadectes virgaticeps virgaticeps Lawrence. TREE-HUNTER.
Thripadectes virgaticeps LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 10, p. 398, 1874 —
Ecuador (the type, a "Quito" trade skin examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 103, 1890 (ex LAWRENCE).
Automolus brooki CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, p. 47, 1916 — Gualea, Ecuador
(type examined).
Range: Subtropical Zone of western Ecuador (Gualea, "Quito").
Thripadectes virgaticeps sclateri Berlepsch.0 SCLATER 's TREE-HUNTER.
Thripadectes sclateri BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, p. 365, Feb. 1907 — San Pablo, Prov.
* Thripadectes flammulatus bricenoi BERLEPSCH: Differs from T. f. flammulatus
in having the throat almost uniform deep buff, instead of heavily striped with black;
the under parts margined with olive brown rather than black, producing a lighter
appearance, especially on the lower breast and abdomen; the under tail-coverts
ochraceous rather than rufous, though similarly marked ; the lighter ochraceous shaft
streaks on the upper wing-coverts much broader and more conspicuously edged with
blackish. Wing (two males) 95, 96; tail 113, 119; bill 25,26. Two specimens, in-
cluding the type, from Culata examined.
b Thripadectes scrutator TACZANOWSKI: Agreeing in structure with T, flammula-
tus, but in coloration more like T. virgaticeps, from which it chiefly differs by having
the under parts pale olive brown, obsoletely spotted with buff in the middle, instead
of uniform deep tawny ochraceous; throat and foreneck much paler (buff instead of
ochraceous) and conspicuously edged with sooty blackish; the pileum, nape, and
sides of neck marked with indistinct pale olive central spots; the rufous of the rump
restricted to the upper tail-coverts. Besides, the bill is much shorter, the tail, on the
other hand, much longer. Wing 99; tail u i ; bill 24.
One adult female from Lucma, Urubamba region examined.
0 Thripadectes virgaticeps sclateri BERLEPSCH: Differs from T. v. virgaticeps by
much shorter as well as slenderer bill, duller (more olive and less rufous brown)
230 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Tuqueres, s.w. Colombia (type examined); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,
p. 1149 (crit.).
Rhopoctites alogus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, p. 72, 1910 — Pavas, w. Col-
ombia (type examined).
Thripadectes virgaticeps sclateri CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 412,
1917 — San Antonio, Salencio, Ricuarte, w. Colombia (crit.).
Range: Subtropical Zone of the Western Andes of Colombia, in
provinces of Cauca, Valle, and Tuqueres.
Thripadectes virgaticeps klagesi ( Hellmayr and Seilern) a. VENEZUELAN
TREE-HUNTER.
Automolus klagesi HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., n, No. i,
p. 157, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; idem, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 99, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia.
Range: Mountain ranges of northwestern Venezuela (Cumbre de
Valencia, Carabobo; Anzoategui, Lara).
"Thripadectes rufobrunneus (Lawrence}. STREAKED TREE-HUNTER.
Philydor rufobrunneus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 127, 1867 —
San Jose", Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 9, p. 106, 1868 — San Jose, Barranca; BER-
LEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., u, "1888", p. 565, Sept. 1889 (crit.).
Automolus rufobrunneus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 89, 1890 — Irazu,
Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 154, pi. 46,
fig. 2, 1891 — Costa Rica; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 44, 1902 —
Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui.
upper parts with the rufous of the rump less extensive, and decidedly paler, ochra-
ceous rather than tawny ochraceous breast and abdomen.
The smaller bill is very striking in birds from Valle (Bitaco, Pavas, La Cumbre)
when compared with two "Quito" skins, but the type of T. sclateri, from San Pablo,
Prov. Tuqueres is intermediate.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
T. v. virgaticeps
Two adults from "Quito" 97,102 94,96 28,30
T. v. sclateri
One female from San Pablo (type) 99 95 27
One male from Pavas, Valle (type of R. alogus) 95.5 92 25.5
One male from Bitaco, Valle 99 91 25
One female from Bitaco, Valle 97 96 24
One female from La Cumbre, Valle 94 96 23
• Thripadectes virgaticeps klagesi (HELLMAYR and SEILERN) : Similar to T. v. scla-
teri, but wing shorter; pileum more grayish (less olive) with the whitish shaft streaks
more conspicuous; back slightly paler; rufous of rump and tail lighter; superciliaries
more pronounced; throat more heavily marked with blackish. Wing 89-92; tail 96-
100; bill 24.
Recent study leads me to the conclusion that A. klagesi is merely a slightly dif-
ferentiated geographical race of T. virgaticeps.
Material examined. — Cumbre de Valencia 6, Anzoategui, Lara i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— COR Y-HELLMAYR. 231
Rhopoctites rufobrunneus CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 638, 1910 — Costa
Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 223, 1911 — Costa Rica
and western Panama (monog.).
Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Boquete, Volcan de
Chiriqui) .
2: Costa Rica (Volcan de Irazu i, La Estrella de Cartago i).
Thripadectes ignobilis (Sclater and Salvin)*. CHESTNUT-RUMPED TREE-
HUNTER.
Automolus ignobilis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 522 — Frontino,
Antioquia; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1884, p. 300 — Cayandeled,
Ecuador (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 89, 1890 —
Frontino; SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22,
1899 — Gualea, Ecuador; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 409,
1917 — Cocal, Cerro Munchique, Colombia.
Range: Western Andes of Colombia (Frontino, Cocal, Cerro
Munchique) and Ecuador (Cayandeled, Gualea) b.
Thripadectes melanorhynchus (Tschiidi). BLACK-BILLED TREE-
HUNTER.
Anabates melanorhynchus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 295, 1844 — Peru
(type in Neuchatel Museum examined); idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 241,
fig. i, 1846 — forest region of Peru between 10° and 12° lat. south.
Automolus striaticeps TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 528 — Chilpes, Dept-
Junin (nom. nud.); SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1875, p. 37 — Bogota (type in
British Museum examined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 148, 1884 —
Chilpes; idem and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 96 — Machay, Mapoto,
Ecuador (spec, examined) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 90, 1890 —
part, spec, a-d, Bogota, Sarayacu, Machay; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22, 1899 — Zamora, Ecuador.
Automolus melanorhynchus BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 14,
1905 (note on type); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 114, 1906 —
Rio Cadena, Marcapata; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 409,
1917 — Buenavista, above Villavicencio, Colombia.
Range: Eastern slopes of the Andes of Colombia ("Bogota";
Buena Vista, above Villavicencio) , Ecuador (Machay, Mapoto, Zamora,
Sarayacu), and Peru (Chilpes, Dept. Junin; Rio Cadena, Marcapata,
Dept. Cuzco)0.
• This species, remarkable for its stout, short bill, should perhaps be separated
genetically, but I have not been able to reexamine its structural characters in the
present connection.
b Three specimens from Ecuador examined
0 Birds from Marcapata are identical with the type in the Neuchatel Museum,
while two specimens from "Bogota" and Mapoto have the under parts less suffused
with ochraceous.
232 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Thripadectes holostictus (Sclater and Sdlvin)*. STRIPED TREE-HUNTER.
Automolus holostictus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1875, p. 542 — Medel-
lin, Antioquia; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 522 — Santa Elena; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 89, pi. 6, 1890 — Medellin, Santa Elena; SALVADORI and FESTA,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22, 1899 — Niebli; MENEGAUX, Miss.
Serv. g6ogr. Mes. Arc Mend. Equat., 9, p. B 42, 1911 — "Quito"; CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 409, 1917 — Salento, Santa Elena, above Iba-
gue, Choachi, Colombia.
Automolus holostictus striatidorsus BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1884, p. 299 — Chaguarpata and Cayandeled, Ecuador (types examined).
Automolus striaticeps (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1879, p. 621 — Guanai, Tilotilo, Bolivia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
IS> P- 90, 1890 — part, spec, e, f, Tilotilo, Nairapi, Bolivia.
Thripadectes scrutator (not of TACZANOWSKI) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2,
p. 92, 1889 — "Mapiri", Bolivia (fide CHAPMAN in litt.).
Range: Subtropical and Temperate Zones of Colombia (central
and eastern Andes), western Ecuador (Niebli, Chaguarpata, Cayande-
led), and western Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba).
Genus XENOPS Illiger.
Xenops ILLIGER, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. & Av., p. 213, 1811 — type by monotypy
Xenops genibarbis ILLIGER.
Neops VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Ornith. el^m., p. 45, 1816 — type by monotypy
Neops ruficaudus VIEILLOT.
Anecorhamphus BILLBERG, Synop. Faun. Scand., i (2), tab. A, 1828 — new name
for Xenops ILLIGER.
*Xenops minutus minutus (Sparrman). SPARRMAN'S XENOPS.
Turdus minutus SPARRMANb, Mus. Carlson., fasc. 3, pi. 68, 1788 — no locality
given, we suggest Rio de Janeiro.
• Thripadectes holostictus (SCLATER and SALVIN): Nearly allied to T. melano-
rhynchus, but somewhat smaller; throat much paler, buff rather than ochraceous,
with the blackish lateral edges to the feathers not confluent at the tip; under parts
olivaceous brown instead of ochreous, with distinct, though not abruptly defined
pale shaft stripes; base of lower mandible pale horn brown. Wing 85-92 ; tail 85-94;
bill 23-24.
T. holostictus is probably a geographical or zonal representative of T. melanor-
hynchus. In Ecuador they replace each other on the western and eastern slope of
the Andes, while T. holostictus alone appears to occur in the central Andes of Col-
ombia. Both T. holostictus and T. melanorhynchus have been found in the eastern
chain of Colombia, the latter, however, at a much lower altitude.
I do not see any racial variation in specimens from different localities and even
those from Bolivia appear to be inseparable.
Material examined. — Colombia: Jerico i. Las Ventanas, Santander 4, Bogota 2.
Ecuador: Chaguarpata i, Cayandeled i, Niebli i. Bolivia: Sandillani i, Chaco 2,
Yungas of Cochabamba 4.
b Prof. Einar Lonnberg, to whom specimens of the various eastern races had
been sent for comparison, found the type of Turdus minutus, still preserved in the
Stockholm Museum, to be identical with the form described by me as pelzelni.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 233
Xenops genibarbis pelzelni HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 55, 1907 — Ypanema,
Prov. Sao Paulo (range); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 313,
1912 — Mburero, Paraguay; BERTONI, El Hornero, i, p. 257, 1919 — Puerto
Bertoni, Alto Parana.
• Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1155,
1831 — southeastern Brazil; BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 22,
1856 — Novo Friburgo; SUNDEVALL, Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 2, No. 3, p. 11,
1857 (crit.); PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34,
P- 133, 1859 — Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema, Registo do Sai; idem, Orn. Bras., i,
p. 41, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Registo do Sai, Ypanema; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, j-1, Bahia, Brazil; IHERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 3, p. 228, 1899 — Iguape', Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 —
Novo Friburgo; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 242, 1907 — part, Ypiranga, Ipor-
anga, Baurti, Rio Feio, Campinas, Sao Paulo; Ourinho, Parana.
Xenops minutus minutus ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 12,
p. 58, 1924 (crit.).
Range: Wooded coast region of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia
to Parana, and Paraguay.
3: Brazil (Bahia i, Sao Paulo i, Sao Sebastiao, Prov. Sao Paulo i).
*Xenops minutus genibarbis llliger*. WHISKERED XENOPS.
Xenops genibarbis ILLIGER, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. & Av., p. 213, 1811 — Cameta,
Rio Tocantins; LA YARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 — Para; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, i, Para; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 16,
1907 — Itaituba, Tapaj6z; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Para,
San Antonio do Prata; idem, I.e., 56, p. 507, 1908 — Villa Braga, Rio Tapa-
j6z; idem, I.e., p. 530, 1908 — Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; idem, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 330, 1914 — part, Para, Providencia, Ananindeua, Benevides,
Sta. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puni, San Antonio do Prata, Rio Guama, Rio
Tocantins, Rio Xingu, Rio Tapaj6z, Rio Jamauchim.
Xenops genibarbis soror HELLMAYR b, Anzeiger Orn. Ges. Bay., 4, p. 31, March
1921 — Miritiba, Maranhao.
Xenops genibarbis genibarbis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 366, 1906 — [San
Antonio do] Prata, Para; idem, I.e., 14, p. 54, 1907 — part, Para, Santarem;
idem, I.e., 14, p. 365, 1907 — part, Borba; idem, I.e., 17, p. 322, 1910 — Calama,
* Xenops minutus genibarbis ILUGER: Nearest to X. m. minutus, but larger,
with much heavier bill; throat feathers edged with olivaceous; foreneck slightly varie-
gated with buff; wing band much deeper, ochraceous rather than buff. Wing (male)
61-64, (female) 59-62; tail 45-50; bill 13-14.
Material examined. — Maranhao: San Martin i, Miritiba 3, Sao Luiz i, Tury-
assti 2. Para: Benevides 5, San Antonio i. Rio Tapaj6z: Santarem 8, Colonia do
Mojuy, Santarem 5, Aveiro i, Miritituba 4, Villa Braga i. Rio Madeira: Borba 2,
Calama 3, Maroins i.
b Described by mistake. Birds from Maranhao are absolutely identical with a
series from the lower Amazon (Para to the Tapaj6z). When separating soror, I com-
pared it with specimens from French Guiana, erroneously supposed to represent
genibarbis.
234 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Maroins, Rio Machados; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Para, San Antonio; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2,
P- 63, 87, 1916 — Utinga, Para.
Xenops approximans PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 133, 1859 — part, Borba, Rio Madeira; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 —
part, Borba.
Xenops genibarbis littoralis (not of SCLATER) REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl.
Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — San Martin, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy (spec,
examined).
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Par-
nahyba, Maranhao west to the Rio Madeira, extending on the right
bank of that river at least as far up as the mouth of the Machados.
3: Brazil, Maranhao (Sao Luiz i, Tury-assu 2).
*Xenops minutus obsoletus Zimmer*. WESTERN WHISKERED XENOPS.
Xenops minutus obsoletus ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 12,
p. 57, 1924 — Puerto Bermudez, Peru.
Xenops approximans PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 133, 1859 — part, Sao Joao do Crato, Salto do Girao, left bank of Rio
Madeira; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — part, Sao Joao do Crato, Salto do
Girao; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Nauta, Upper
Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 750, 755 — Chyavetas.
Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873,
p. 270 — Nauta, Upper Ucayali, Chyavetas, Chamicuros; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., IS, p. m, 1890 — part, spec, w-y, Nauta, Ucayali, Chamicuros,
Peru; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Cachoeira, Rio Purus; idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 330, 1914 — part, Cachoeira, Rio Punis.
Xenops littoralis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 529 —
Monterico; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 162,
1884 — Monterico, Yurimaguas, Moyobamba, Nauta, Upper Ucayali, Chya-
vetas, Chamicuros, Peru.
Xenops genibarbis approximans BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1896, p. 375 — La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, Peru.
a Xenops minutus obsoletus ZIMMER: Very similar to X. m. genibarbis, but fore-
neck and chest much more spotted with buff; throat more heavily edged with brown-
ish; crown less rufescent; cinnamomeous color of tail on average paler. Wing 62-
65; tail 45-50; bill 13-14-
Four specimens from northern Bolivia in the Carnegie Museum are perfectly
identical with the typical series. Ten skins from the Rio Purus, as a rule, have the
crown slightly more rufescent, though some are absolutely indistinguishable from
the Peruvian ones.
Birds from Humaytha, Rio Madeira closely approach X. m. genibarbis, to which
specimens from the opposite (right) bank of the same river (Calama) appear actu-
ally to belong.
Material examined. — Peru: Guayabamba i, Puerto Bermudez i, Rio Colorado i,
Huachipa 2. Bolivia: Rio Surutu 3, Yapacani i. Brazil: Teffe" i, Hyutanahan, Rio
Purus 10, Humaytha, Rio Madeira 4.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 235
Xenops genibarbis genibarbis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 54, 1907 — part,
Teffe (Rio Solimoes), Guayabamba (Peru); idem, I.e., p. 365, 1907 — part,
Humaytha, Rio Madeira.
Range: Eastern Peru (in depts. of Amazonas, Loreto, Huanuco,
Junin, and northeastern Ayacucho), northern Bolivia (Buena Vista,
Yapacani, Dept. Santa Cruz), and western Brazil, east to the Rio
Madeira (Humaytha) a.
4: Peru (Puerto Bermudez i, Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo i,
Huachipa 2).
*Xenops minutus ruficaudus ( Vieilloty. GUIANAN XENOPS.
Neops ruficaudus VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Orn. e'le'm., p. 68, 1816 — "La Guiane"
= Cayenne.
Xenops approximans PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
34, p. 113 (descr.), 133, 1859 — part, type locality [Barra do] Rio Negro
[ = Manaos], as designated by J. T. Zimmer 1924 (spec, examined); PELZELN,
Orn. Bras,, i, p. 41, 1868 — part, [Barra do] Rio Negro0.
Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col. livr., 25, pi. 150,
fig. i, 1822; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 420 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Roraima;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, b-h, Bartica Grove,
Camacusa, Oyapoc, Rio Negro [ = Manaos]; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, p. 62, 1902 — Munduapo, Nericagua, Maipures, R. Orinoco, Suapure,
Nicare, La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela; BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 146, 1908 —
Cayenne; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 330, 1914 — part, Obidos;
CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 264, 1916 — Upper Orinoco,
Caura R. ; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 109, 1921 — British Guiana.
Xenops genibarbis genibarbis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 54, 1907 — part,
Cayenne, British Guiana, Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura basin), Bogota,
a Not having any material from eastern Ecuador, I am unable to ascertain
whether Xenops genibarbis (ScLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 63 (Rio Napo), 457
(Gualaquiza)) should be referred to X. m. obsoletus or X. m. ruficaudus.
b Xenops minutus ruficaudus (VIEILLOT) : Nearest to X. m. genibarbis, but larger
(except bill) ; crown darker, less ruf escent and distinctly, though narrowly striated
with buff; general color of under parts more olivaceous; brownish edges to throat
more pronounced; foreneck and chest much more spotted with buff. Wing (male)
64-71, (female) 60-65; tail (male) 51-58, (female) 48-52; bill 13-14.
Comparison of forty specimens from north of the Amazon with an excellent
series of X. m. genibarbis from Maranhao and Para shows ruficaudus to be readily
distinguishable by its striated head, spotted chest, and more olivaceous under parts.
Birds from Manaos and Rio Branco are perfectly identical with those from Ven-
ezuela and Guiana, and two Bogota skins also appear to belong here.
Material examined. — French Guiana 17, Camacusa, British Guiana 3, Caura
River, Venezuela n, upper Orinoco (Nericagua, Munduapo) 4, Rio Branco i,
Manaos 3, Obidos 5.
« An inspection of five of the original specimens (Manaos 2 ,Borba i, Rio Iganna
i, Marabitanas i) shows Pelzeln to have confused several races under X. approxi-
mans, but as pointed out by J. T. Zimmer (1. c., p. 60) his description was evidently
based on the Manaos birds with distinctly striated pileum, making the name a
synonym of Neops ruficaudus VIEILLOT.
236 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Colombia; BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, p. 133, 1917 — Bartica, Brit. Guiana;
BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 66, 1918 — Paramaribo,
Surinam.
Xenops minutus ruficaudus ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., la,
p. 59, 1924 (crit., range).
Range : The Guianas ; southern Venezuela (Caura Valley and upper
Orinoco), west apparently to the eastern slopes of the Colombian Andes
("Bogota"-collections); northern Brazil, north of the Amazon, west to
Manaosa.
2: Brazil (Manaos i, Conceicao, Rio Branco i).
*Xenops minutus littoralis Sclaterb. PACIFIC XENOPS.
Xenops littoralis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 379 — Esmeraldas, n.w. Ecua-
dor; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 562 — Chimbo; SALVADORI
and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 23, 1899 — Vinces, Rio
Peripa, Ecuador.
Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 293 —
Esmeraldas; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Remedies; BERLEPSCH,
Journ. Orn., 32, p. 307, 1884 — Bucaramanga; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, p-s, Remedies, Esmeraldas, Intac; GOODFELLOW,
Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Santo Domingo.
Xenops genibarbis littoralis HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 491, 1898 — Chimbo,
Paramba; HELLMAYR, I.e., 14, p. 55, 1907 (crit., range); idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1911, p. 1152 — Noanama, Tado, Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, p. 414, 1917 — N6vita Trail, Buenaventura, Barbacoas, Pacific
coast; Rio Frio, Puerto Valdivia, Cauca Valley; Malena, Rio Magdalena,
Colombia.
(?) Xenops ruficauda (not of VIEILLOT) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p. 193 — Turbo.
Range: Tropical Zone of Colombia (Pacific slope, Cauca and Mag-
dalena valleys) and western Ecuador, south to Chimbo.
18: Colombia (Tad6, Rio San Juan i, Rio Dagua i); Ecuador
(Prov. Esmeraldas, Lita 5, Paramba 3, San Javier 4, Pambilar i, Caron-
delet i; Santo Domingo i, Chimbo i).
• Two birds from the upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas, Rio Icanna) I cannot
identify with any known form. They agree in coloration and markings with X. m.
genibarbis, but are much duller and more drab brown beneath. Fresh material is
required to determine their status.
b Xenops minutus littoralis SCLATER: Differs from the eastern races by yellowish
rather than whitish throat and much more olivaceous under parts. The crown is
dusky brown as in X. m. ruficaudus, but hardly striated with buff.
Birds from western Colombia (Noanama, Tad6, Juntas, Rio Dagua) average
more brownish underneath, thus pointing to X. m. ridgtaayi.
Thirty-eight specimens examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 237
Xenops minutus neglectus Todd*. CARIBBEAN XENOPS.
Xenops genibarbis neglectus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 173, 1913 — Las
Quiguas, Carabobo, Venezuela; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 293, 1922 — Minca, Mamatoco, La Tigrera, Las Vegas, Cincinnati,
Fundaci6n, Don Diego, Dibulla, Tucurinca, Santa Marta region.
Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868,
p. 627 — San Esteban, Venezuela; SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 171 —
Minca; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, o, z, a1,
Minca, San Esteban; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 138, 1898 — Santa
Marta; ALLEN, Bull.' Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 157, 1900 — Bonda, Minca,
Cacagualito.
Xenops genibarbis [subsp.?] HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft
5, p. 104, 1912 — Las Quiguas, Venezuela.
Range: Coast ranges of northwestern Venezuela (Cumbre de Val-
encia, State of Carabobo) , and Santa Marta district, northern Colombia.
*Xenops minutus ridgwayi Hartert and Goodson*. RIDGWAY'S XENOPS.
Xenops genibarbis ridgwayi HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 417, 1917
— Tocoume", Panama; BANGS and B ARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65,
p. 210, 1922 — Mt. Sap6, Jesusito, Darien.
Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no,
1890 — part, spec, g-n, Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama.
Xenops genibarbis mexicanus (not of SCLATER) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 55,
1907 — part; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 643, 1910 — Costa Rica;
RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 172, 1911 — part, Nicaragua to
Panama; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 262, 1918 — Gatun, Panama.
Range: (?) Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama.
9 : Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 2) ; Costa Rica (Boruca
i, Miravelles i, Orosi i, Guayabo i, Terraba 2); Veragua i.
*Xenops minutus mexicanus Sclater. MEXICAN XENOPS.
Xenops mexicanus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, "1856", p. 289, Jan. 1857 — Cor-
doba, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no,
1890 — part, spec, a-f, Oaxaca, Cordoba, Mexico; Rio de la Pasion, Choctum,
Vera Paz, Guatemala; LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 —
Santo Tomas, Guatemala.
• Xenops minutus neglectus TODD: Exceedingly close to X. m. littoralis, but
slightly paler, with the wings and tail cinnamomeous rather than rufous. Seven
specimens examined.
b Xenops minutus ridgwayi HARTERT and GOODSON: Differs from X. m. littoralis
and X. m. neglectus by decidedly more brownish (less olivaceous) under parts and
less dusky pileum; from X. m. mexicanus by much less rufous coloration throughout.
Twenty specimens from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama examined.
238 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xenops genibarbis mexicanus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 55, 1907 — part,
diag. and hab. eastern Mexico and Guatemala; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 172, 1911 — part, southeastern Mexico to British Hon-
duras; PETERS, Auk, 30, p. 375, 1913 — thirty miles n. of Camp Mengel,
Terr. Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Xenops genibarbis cayoensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 52, 1919 — Cayo,
Brit. Honduras8.
Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca,
Tabasco, and Yucatan), Guatemala, and British Honduras.
2: Guatemala (unspecified 2).
*Xenops rutilus rutilus Lichtenstein*. RUFOUS-TAILED XENOPS.
Xenops rutilus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 17, 1823 — Bahia;
PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 134, 1859
(soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — Ypanema (Sao Paulo), Cury-
tiba (Parana), Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso (spec, exam-
ined); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 377 — Sete
Lagoas, Minas Geraes; Batataes, Sao Paulo; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87,
1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 145,
1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in,
1890 — part, spec, i-t, Bahia, Rio, Chapada, Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 5, p. 113, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
3, p. 229, 1899 — Iporanga, Sao Paulo; idem, l.c., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo;
idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo;
SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 8, 1900 — Urucum,
Matto Grosso; idem, I.e., p. 18, 1900 — Tebicuari, Paraguay; IHERING, Cat.
F. Braz., I, p. 242, 1907 — Ypiranga, Iporanga, Rio Feio, Mogy-guassu, Ca-
conde, Jaboticabal, Barretos, Itapura, Ubatuba, Prov. Sao Paulo; Caxambu,
Minas Geraes; Porto Cachoeira, Espirito Santo; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 530 —
Sapucay, Paraguay; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76,
p. 68, 1910 — Faz. do Sao Antonio, Rio Preto, Bahia; Lake Missao, Buriti
and Pe" do Morro, near Parnagud, Piauhy; CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc.
Sci. Varsovie, 5, p. 478, 497, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana.
Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SWAINSON, Zool. Illust., (ist ser.), 2, pi. 100,
1821 — Brazil.
Xenops rulUans TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 12, pi. 72, fig. 2, 1821 — "Bre'sil";
WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1159, 1831 — Muribecca, Rio Itabapuana,
Espirito Santo; BURMEISTER, Syst. U~bers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 23, 1856 — Novo
Friburgo, Rio.
Xenops affinis SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 352, 1838 — Brazil.
Xenops argobronchus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 75, 1901 — Djaguarasapa,
Alto Parand.
a Four specimens from Manatee Lagoon, in the Carnegie Museum, while much
brighter buffy brown underneath than X. m. ridgwayi, do not appear to be separable
from X. m. mexicanus.
b This form is characterized by having only the inner web of the fourth (and
very rarely the extreme base of the third) rectrix black.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 239
Xenops rutilus rutilus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 62, 1908 — Faz. Esperanca,
Rio Araguaya, Goyaz (range part, excl. Bolivia and Jujuy) ; DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 303, 1910— part, Alto Parana.
Range: Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, Goyaz, and Matto Grosso
south to Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraguay.
7: Brazil (Barra da Corda, Maranhao 2, Bahia i, Rio das Velhas,
near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes 3, Victoria, Sao Paulo i).
*Xenops rutilus connectens Chapman*. BOLIVIAN XENOPS.
Xenops rutilus connectens CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 259, 1919 — •
Todos Santos, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.,
2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 13, 1838 — Guarayos, Bolivia (spec, examined);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in, 1890 — part, spec, u, Bolivia; SALVA-
DORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 20, 1897- — San Lorenzo, Jujuy;
LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 54, 1905 — Barranca Colorado, Tucuman.
Xenops rutilus rutilus DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 303, 1910 —
part, Jujuy, Tucuman.
Range: Eastern Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba,
Guarayos) and northwestern Argentina (prov. of Jujuy and Tucuman).
i: Argentina (Ledesma, Jujuy i).
*Xenops rutilus guayae Hellmayre. GUAYAS XENOPS.
Xenops rutilus guayae HELLMAYR, Anz. Orn.-Ges. Bay., 3, p. 18, Oct. 1920 — •
Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1883, p. 562 — Guayaquil; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in,
1890 — part, spec, f, Balzar Mts.
Xenops heterurus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus.
Zool. Torino, 14, No. 360, p. 23, 1899 — Vinces, Ecuador.
Range: Southwestern Ecuador, in Province of Guayas (Guayaquil,
Chimbo, Vinces, Balzar, Rio Salado).
i: Ecuador (Chimbo i).
a Thirty-two specimens from various parts of Brazil examined. Bahia birds
average smaller.
b Xenops rutilus connectens CHAPMAN: Agreeing with X. r, rutilus in tail mark-
ings (black mainly restricted to inner web of fourth rectrix), but coloration of body
plumage more like X. r. heterurus, thus differing from the typical race by duller,
less cinnamomeous upper, and more olivaceous, less broadly streaked under parts.
Wing (male) 68-70, (female) 65-68; tail 5i-54, (female) 48-51; bill 12-13. Eight speci-
mens (Quebrada onda, Suapi, Songo, Guarayos, Bolivia 4; Ledesma, Jujuy 4)
examined.
Specimens from Argentina (Jujuy) appear to be generally brighter underneath.
0 Xenops rutilus guayae HELLMAYR: Nearest to X. r. connectens, but much
smaller, and under parts more buffy as well as more narrowly streaked with whitish.
Wing (four specimens) 61-64; tail 45-47; bill 11.5-12.
240 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Xenops rutilus heterurus Cabanis and Heine*. STREAKED XENOPS.
Xenops heterurus CABANIS and HEiNEb, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 33, 1859 — "Colum-
bien" =Bogotd; SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, p. 319 — Costa Rica; idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1870, p. 192 — Volcan de Chiriqui.
Xenops rutilans (not of TEMMINCK) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 27, 1856 —
Bogota; TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 — Trinidad; LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 156,
1866— Trinidad.
Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 — Canta, below
Bucaramanga; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 522 — Santa
Elena; TACZANOWSKI, l.c., 1874, P- 529 — Royaybamba, Auquimarca; idem,
l.c., 1879, p. 231 — Tambillo, Guajango; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Chirimoto,
Cococho, Huambo; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 160, 1884 — Peruvian localities
(excl. Chamicuros); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885,
p. 97 — Machay; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in, 1890 — part, spec,
a-e, i, Costa Rica, Volcan de Chiriqui, Santa Elena, Bogotd, Tambillo; SAL-
VIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 165, 1891 — part, Costa
Rica, Chiriqui, Colombia; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 158, 1900 —
Las Nubes, Santa Marta district; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 45,
1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Baeza, Ecuador
(spec, examined); FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270,
1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 644, 1910
Costa Rica.
Xenops rutilus rutilus (errore) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 29, 1906 — Laven-
tille, Trinidad; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, p. 365, 1908 —
Pointe Gourde, Aripo, Trinidad.
Xenops rutilus heterurus BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 375
— La Gloria, Borgona, Peru; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 92, 1906 — Idma, above Santa
Ana, Peru; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 62, 1908 — part, Colombia, Ecuador,
(Baeza), Peru, Venezuela, Trinidad (crit.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
50, Part 5, p. 175, 1911 (monog., range excl. Guayaquil, Balzar, Sarayacu,
Vinces, Chamicuros, Nauta); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, p. 105, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 414, 1917 — San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, Mira-
flores, Salento, Santa Elena, Rio Toch6, San Agustin, Fusugasugd, El Roble,
Colombia; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 85, 1921 — Idma, San Miguel
Bridge, Rio San Miguel, Peru; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 292, 1922 — Cincinnati, Las Vegas, Santa Marta district.
Zenops rutilus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, p. 192, 1906 — Aripo,
Trinidad.
a Xenops rutilus heterurus CABANIS and HEINE: Readily distinguished from the
other races by the pattern of the tail, the inner web of the third and fourth rectrix
being almost entirely black, and the penultimate and fifth also with more or less
black at the base. Coloration duller and lower parts less broadly streaked than in
X. r. rutilus.
b An earlier name is possibly Xenops dentirostris SWAINSON (Anim. Menag., p. 353,
1838 — "Demerara?"). While the color characters correspond well to heterurus,
Swainson's remarks on the shape of the bill are rather ambiguous. Unfortunately,
the type is not to be found in the University Museum of Cambridge, Eng., where
many of Swainson's original examples have been deposited.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 241
Range: Costa Rica (Guayabo, Juan Virias); Panama; Colombia;
eastern Ecuador (Baeza) ; Peru (south to the Marcapata Valley, Dept.
Cuzco) ; Venezuela (mountain ranges from Merida to Caracas and Ber-
mudez) ; Trinidad8.
13: Costa Rica (Guayabo i, Juan Viiias, Dec. 26, 1890, i); Colom-
bia (Bogota 6, Santa Elena i); Peru (Huachipa 3, Chinchao i).
Xenops rutilus purusianus Toddb. INTERMEDIATE XENOPS.
Xenops rutilus purusianus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 79, 1925 —
Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil.
Range: Western Brazil (Hyutanahan, Rio Purus).
Xenops tenuirostris tenuirostris Pelzeln*. SLENDER-BILLED XENOPS.
Xenops tenuirostris PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34,
p. 112, 133, 1859 — Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira (type examined); idem, Orn.
Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — Salto do Girao; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft
10, p. 76, 1920 — San Gaban, Carabaya, Peru (crit.); CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash., 32, p. 260, 1919 — Barao Melgaco and Rio Roosevelt, Matto
Grosso.
Xenops rutilus tenuirostris HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 62, 63, 1900 — Salto
do Girao (crit.); idem, I.e., 17, p. 322, 1910 — Salto do Girao.
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tapa-
joz (Apac,y, Itaituba) west to the Purus (Hyutanahan), south to north-
ern Matto Grosso (Barao Melgac.o and Rio Roosevelt), and south-
eastern Peru (San Gaban, north slope of Sierra de Carabaya).
a Birds from Peru and western Venezuela (Merida, Caracas, Carabobo) appear
to be identical with those from Colombia, while specimens from Bermudez and Trini-
dad are somewhat smaller.
Material. — Bogotd 24, Santa Elena i ; Merida i, Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo i,
Mts. near Caracas 5, Bermudez (Quebrada Secca and Campos Alegre, inland of
Cumana) 2; Trinidad 13; Costa Rica 2; Ecuador (Baeza) i; Peru, Chirimoto i,
Tambillo i, Chachapoyas i, Guayabamba 2, Garita del Sol 2, Chanchamayo i,
Huachipa 3, Chinchao i, Caradoc, Marcapata 2.
b Xenops rutilus purusianus TODD: Agreeing with X. rutilus heterurus in tail pat-
tern and coloration of back; but under parts considerably paler (Saccardo's olive or
light brownish olive rather than Saccardo's umber) and more broadly streaked with
whitish; crown darker, less rufescent. Wing (two males) 65-67, (two females) 63-
65; tail 43-47; bill 12-13.
This form approaches X. r. rutilus in coloration of lower parts, but has the third
as well as the fourth rectrix black on the inner web, the throat more conspicuously
edged with brownish, and the back of a lighter, less rufous tinge.
Four specimens from Hyutanahan, Rio Punis, in Carnegie Museum examined.
0 Xenops tenuirostris tenuirostris PELZELN: Superficially resembling X. rutilus,
but bill very much smaller and slenderer; maxilla on apical portion nearly straight
or even slightly bent downwards, mandible less swollen at base and less strongly
ascending terminally; buff markings on mantle larger, forming lanceolate spots;
tail less graduated, black area much more extensive, the third and fourth rectrix
242 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xenops tenuirostris acutirostris Chapman*. SHARP-BILLED XENOPS.
Xenops acutirostris CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 16, Aug. 1923 — Zamora,
Prov. Loja, Ecuador (type examined).
Xenops heterurus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1866, p. 566 — Nauta, Peru (spec, in British Museum examined).
Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1873, p. 270 — Chamicuros, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in,
1890 — part, spec, g, h, Sarayacu (Ecuador), Nauta (Peru) (spec, examined).
Range : Eastern Ecuador (Zamora, Rio Suno, Sarayacu) and north-
ern Peru (Chamicuros, Nauta).
Xenops tenuirostris hellmayri Toddb. NORTHERN SLENDER-BILLED
XENOPS.
Xenops tenuirostris hellmayri TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 80, 1925 —
Mana, French Guiana.
Xenops rutilus heterurus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
13, p. 62, 1908 — part, Cayenne; BERLEPSCH, I.e., p. 147, 1908 — Cayenne;
HARTERT and GOODSON, I.e., 24, p. 418, 1917 — Cayenne and Surinam (crit.).
Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PENARD and PENARD, Voy. Guyana, 2,
p. 28, 1910 — Surinam.
Range : French and Dutch Guiana.
being wholly or for the greater part, the fifth on the outer web of that color, while
there is even a little black at the base of the second (penultimate) rectrix; under
parts much paler and less brownish, nearest to light grayish olive, with the whitish
streaks decidedly narrower and less abruptly defined; under tail-coverts barely
shaded with buffy brownish. Wing (six males) 62-65.5; tail 40-45; bill 12.
Although formerly considered as a race of X. rutilus, this bird is quite distinct
specifically, and in parts of its range lives side by side with representatives of the
large billed species.
Material examined. — Brazil: Apacy, Rio Tapaj6z 2, Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z i,
Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira i, Hyutanahan, Rio Punis i, Barao Melgaco, Matto
Grosso i. Peru: San Gaban, Carabaya i.
a Xenops tenuirostris acutirostris CHAPMAN: Very closely allied to X. t. tenuiros-
tris, with which it agrees in tail pattern as well as in whitish superciliaries and throat ;
but somewhat smaller, with slightly slenderer bill; under parts decidedly deeper
grayish olive, the whitish shaft stripes broader and more sharply defined; back
slightly darker, with rather larger buff markings on interscapulium. Wing (two
males) 61, 62, (one female) 56; tail 38-40; bill 12.
In structural details (except for its slightly slenderer bill) and color pattern of
wings and under parts this bird agrees so closely with X. tenuirostris that I can re-
gard it as only subspecifically distinct.
Material examined. — Ecuador: Rio Suno, above Avila i, Zamora i, Sarayacu i.
Peru: Nauta i.
b Xenops tenuirostris hellmayri TODD: Similar to X. t. tenuirostris in size and tail
markings, but under parts much more brownish (Saccardo's olive or buffy brown in-
stead of grayish olive) ; throat, foreneck, and superciliaries bright buff instead of
whitish; crown as a rule darker and more distinctly streaked with buffy. Wing
(males) 62-66; tail 44-47; bill 11-12.
Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne 5, Mana i, Pied Saut, Oyapock 3 .
Surinam: vicinity of Paramaribo i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 243
Genus MICROXENOPS Chapman".
Microxenops CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, p. 196, 1914 — type
Microxenops milleri CHAPMAN.
Microxenops milleri Chapman*. MILLER'S XENOPS.
Microxenops milleri CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, p. 196, 1914 —
foot of Mount Duida, Venezuela (type examined); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl.
Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 264, 1916 — foot of Mount Duida.
Microxenops milleri guianensis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, p. 74, 1920 —
Tamanoir, French Guiana (type examined).
Microxenops milleri milleri CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 17, in text,
1923 — foot of Mount Duida; Manacapuru, Rio Solimoes, Brazil.
Range: French Guiana (Tamanoir; Pied Saut, Oyapock); south-
ern Venezuela (foot of Mount Duida, upper Orinoco) ; northern Brazil
(Manacapurti, Rio Solimoes; Hyutanahan, Anna, Nova Olinda, Rio
Purus).
Genus MEGAXENOPS Reiser".
Megaxenops REISER, Anzeiger Akad. Wiss. Wien, 42, p. 322, 1905 — type Mega-
xenops parnaguae REISER.
*Megaxenops parnaguae Reiser*. REISER'S RE CURVED-BILL.
Megaxenops parnaguae REISER, Anzeiger Akad. Wiss. Wien, 42, p. 322, 1905 —
» Genus Microxenops CHAPMAN: Closely resembling the slender billed species of
the preceding genus (Xenops tenuirostris and allies) in slightly graduated tail; but
tail proportionately shorter, and rectrices more rounded at tip. The bill, while simi-
lar in general outline, is stouter, less compressed laterally, with blunt, not acute tip,
and terminally less ascending mandible.
b Microxenops milleri CHAPMAN: Differs from X. tenuirostris by lacking every
trace of the silvery white subauricular streak, and by having no black in the tail.
Besides, the crown is much more heavily streaked with buff; the much brighter cin-
namon rufous wing band basal rather than subterminal; the wide cinnamomeous
apical band of the secondaries, so conspicuous a feature in X. tenuirostris and allies
barely suggested by a narrow fringe; the abruptly defined yellow basal area to the
lower mandible absent; the legs and feet are pale horn brown, instead of black; the
claws yellow, not black. Moreover, the peculiar olive blackish striping of the under
parts renders the bird easily recognizable. Wing (male) 68, (female) 62; tail 43,
(female) 35; bill 13-14.
I cannot discover any constant differences between specimens from various
localities.
Material examined. — Venezuela: Foot of Mount Duida i. French Guiana:
Tamanoir 5, Pied Saut, Oyapock 3. Brazil, Rio Purtis: Hyutanahan 3, Arina 4,
Nova Olinda i.
"Genus Megaxenops REISER: Nearly allied to Xenops, but of gigantic pro-
portions, with much more powerful bill and stronger feet.
d Megaxenops parnaguae REISER: Coloration, except the dusky inner webs of
remiges and the abruptly denned silky white throat, light cinnamon rufous, some-
what paler on the lower parts; bill grayish brown, paler beneath. Wing (male) 75,
(female) 72; tail 64,61; bill 15-16.
Three specimens including the types examined.
244 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Catinga woods on the trail from Paniagua to Olho d'Agoa, Piauhy (types
examined); idem, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910
— same locality.
Range: Northeastern Brazil (in states of Piauhy and Ceara).
i : Ceara (Varzea Formosa i).
Genus PYGARRHICUS Burmeister.
Pygarrhicus BURMEISTER, Handbuch Naturg., p. 769, 1837 — type Dendrocolaptes
albogularis KING.
Dendrodramus GOULD, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 82, 1839 — type Dendrodramus leucos-
ternus GOULD = Dendrocolaptes albogularis KING.
Dromodendron GRAY, Appendix List Genera Birds, p. 6, 1842 — new name for
Dendrodramus GOULD.
Pygarrhichus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 232, 1847 — emendation of
Pygarrhicus BURMEISTER.
*Pygarrhicus albogularis (King). WHITE-THROATED TREE-RUNNER.
Dendrocolaptes albo-gularis KING, Proc. Comm. Sci. & Corresp. Z. S. Lond., i,
"1830-1", p. 30, March 1831 — Straits of Magellan.
Dendrodramus leucosternus GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 82, pi. 27, 1839
— Chiloe Id. and woods near Rancagua, a degree south of Valparaiso.
Dendrodramus leucosternon BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., u, p. 112, 1843 — Prov.
Colchagua.
Pygarhicus albogularis HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, p. 210, 1853 — Valdivia.
Pygarrhichus albigularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; OUSTALET,
Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, 6, p. B 70, 1891 — Orange Bay; Packsaddle, Pake-
waya, Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego.
Pygarrhicus albigularis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 433 — Puerto
Bueno, Straits of Magellan; SHARPE, I.e., 1881, p. 9 — Skyring Water, Str. of
Magellan; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 126, 1890 — Chile, Puerto Bueno,
Skyring Water; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 705, 1898 — Punta Arenas,
Str. of Magellan; ARRIBALZAGA, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 164 — Lago
General Paz, Chubut; DABBENE, I.e., p. 368, 1902 — Tierra del Fuego; idem,
I.e., 18, p. 303, 1910 — Tierra del Fuego, Lago General Paz, Chubut; CRAW-
SHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 80, col. pi., 1907 — Rio McClelland Settlement.
Pygarrhicus albogularis LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 39 — Maquegua, Prov. Arauco;
PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 318, 1923 — south shore of Lake Nahuel
Huapi (descr. juv.); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 32, 1924 — Huel-
qu6n, Prov. O'Higgins.
Pseudoseisura (!) albigularis REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 33, 1916 — Sopanta,
F. Porta, Prov. Mendoza.
Range: Chile, from provinces of O'Higgins (Rancagua) and Colcha-
gua south to the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego, and adja-
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 245
cent parts of the Argentine provinces of Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio
Negro, and Chubut.
18: Chile (Pilen Alto, Prov. Maule i ; Curacautin, Prov. Malleco 3;
Lake Gualletue', Prov. Cautin 2; Rinihue i, Mafil, Prov. Valdivia 3;
Quellon, Chiloe Id. 3, Rio Inio, Chiloe Id. 2, Rio Aysen i, Rio Nire-
guao 2).
Subfamily SCLERURINAE.
Genus SCLERURUS Swainson.
Sclerurus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 356, 1827 — generic characters only; type
by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 42) Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILLOT.
Tinactor WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1105, 1831 — type by monotypy
Tinactor fuscus WIED.
Oxypyga MENETRIES, M^m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), p. 510,
1835 — type by monotypy Oxypyga scansor MENETRIES.
Geooecia BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 79, 1901 — type by monotypy Geooecia
orryctera BERTONI = Oxypyga scansor MENETRIES.
i
*Sclerurus scansor scansor (Mtnetriesy. MENETRIES'S LEAF-SCRAPER.
Oxypyga scansor MENETRIES, Me'm. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., (6) 3, Part 2 (Sci.
Nat.), p. 520, pi. n, 1835 — Prov. Rio de Janeiro (one of the original examples
in Paris Museum examined) and Minas Geraes; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool.
Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 25, 1921 (type from Rio de Janeiro in Petrograd
Museum).
Tinactor fuscus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1106, 1831 — part, descr. of
female and hab., Rio Itabapuana, Rio (spec, in American Museum Nat.
Hist, examined).
Myothera caudacuta (not Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE, Mag.
Zool., 3, cl. 2, pi. 10, 1833 — Brazil.
Scelurus caudacutus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 45, 1856 — Novo
Friburgo.
Sclerurus caudacutus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 86, 1868 — part, Registre do Sai,
Rio, Mattodentro, Ypanema; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren.,
1870, p. 386 — Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; PELZELN, Nunq. otios., 2, p. 291,
1874 — Novo Friburgo; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo;
WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 610 — San Javier, Misiones.
Sclerurus umbrella (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges.
Orn., 2, p. 142, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON,
*• Sclerurus s. scansor is obviously specifically distinct from S. caudacutus. In
southeastern Brazil, its range closely approaches that of 5. caudacutus umbrella,
while its northern representative 5. 5. cearensis may even be expected to occur together
with the latter whose area of distribution extends from Espirito Santo to Para.
246 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Arg. Orn., i, p. 174, 1888 — Misiones; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12,
p. 22, 1889 — part, Rio Grande do Sul, Chapada, Matto Grosso; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 114, 1890 (descr., range); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 2, p. 243, 1889 (note on Wied's "female" specimen); idem, I.e., 5,
p. 113, 1893 — Abrilongo, Matto Grosso; GOELDI, Ibis, 1896, p. 305 — Rio de
Janeiro (nesting habits); IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16,
p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 229, 1899 — Piraci-
caba, Iguapd, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Fri-
burgo; EULER, I.e., p. 59 (habits); IHERING, I.e., p. 247 (eggs).
Sclerurus caudacutus scansor HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 58, 1907 — crit., diag.,
Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul and Matto Grosso, Misiones ; HARTERT
and VENTURI, I.e., 16, p. 219, 1909 — Santa Ana, Misiones (egg descr.); DAB-
BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 303, 1910 — Misiones, Chaco, Argen-
tina; idem, I.e., 23, p. 314, 1912 — Gran Potrero, Paraguay; CHROSTOWSKI,
Compt. Rend. Soe. Sci. Varsovie, 5, p. 478, 497, 1912 — Vera Guarany,
Parana.
Sclerurus scansor IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 245, 1907 — Alto da Serra, Iguape,
Rio Feio, Ubatuba, Ilha de Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910,
p. 531 — Sapucay, Paraguay.
Geooecia orryctera BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, p. 79, 1901 — Djaguarasapa,
Alto Parana.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and Minas Ger-
aes, (Lagoa Santa) to Rio Grande do Sul, west to Matto (jrosso (Abri-
longo, near Chapada); Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Misiones)8.
3: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes i, Vic-
toria i, Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo i).
Sclerurus scansor cearensis Snethlageb. CEARA LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus caudacutus cearensis SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 72, p. 446, July 1924
— Sao Paulo, Serra do Ibiapaba, Ceara (type examined).
Range: Northeastern Brazil, in State of Ceara.
*Sclerurus albigularis zamorae Chapman0. CHAPMAN'S LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus albigularis zamorae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 17, Aug.
— Zamora, Prov. Loja, Ecuador.
• Seventeen specimens from Brazil (Rio 4, Minas Geraes i, Sao Paulo 10, Par-
ana 2) and two from Paraguay (Sapucay) examined.
b Sclerurus scansor cearensis SNETHLAGE : Similar to 5. 5. scansor, but decidedly
smaller, with shorter bill; upper parts paler and more russet; chest much brighter
rufous; throat whiter, without distinct dusky apical margins. Wing (male) 86
(against 90-96 in S. s. scansor), female 84-86 (against 86-91); tail 60-70; bill 20.5-23
(against 23-25 in S. s. scansor). Three specimens, including the type examined.
Although described as a race of 5. caudacutus, this bird is unquestionably but
the northern representative of 5. scansor with which it agrees in the bright rufous
chest and rump.
0 Sclerurus albigularis zamorae CHAPMAN: Differs from S. a. albigularis by darker
coloration throughout; upper parts auburn rather than raw umber, with the lower
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 247
Tinactor fuscus (not of WIED) TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 180, 1846— Peru.
Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 114, 1884
— part, descr. of Tschudi's specimen.
Range: Eastern slope of the Andes of southeastern Ecuador (Za-
mora, Prov. Loja), and eastern Peru (Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco).
5: Peru (Huachipa 5).
Sclerurus albigularis albigularis Sclater and Salmn. WHITE-THROATED
LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus albigularis SCLATER and SALVIN", P. Z. S. Lond., "1868", p. 627, 630,
1869 — Venezuela (locality not specified, we suggest Cumbre de Valencia,
State of Carabobo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 114, 1890 — part,
Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 47, 1894 — Princestown,
Trinidad; DALMAS, Me'm. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 140, 1900 — Tobago;
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 28, 1906 — Valencia, Caparo, Trinidad; CHER-
RIE, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., i, p. 365, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad.
Sclerurus albigularis JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19, p. 80, 1847 — Tobago;
RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 24, 1890 — Venezuela, Tobago.
Sclerurus albigularis albigularis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 105, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 36, p. 415, 1917 — Buenavista, above Villavicencio, Colombia.
Range : Islands of Tobago and Trinidad; coast ranges of Venezuela,
from Bermudez to Tocuyo; eastern Colombia (Buenavista, above Villa-
vicencio)1'.
rump and tail-coverts duller chestnut and less contrasting with color of back ; upper
throat less whitish; chest brighter, hazel rather than tawny; remainder of lower sur-
face darker. Wing (male) 93-95, (female) 90-94; tail 61-67; bill 22-25.
Birds from Huachipa, Peru are on average somewhat duller on the rump and
brighter hazel on the chest than four topotypes from Zamora.
aThe name is commonly attributed to SWAINSON ("Ornith. Drawings, pi. 78"),
but the plate is not to be found in any of the ten copies of that work which I
consulted, and does not appear to have been published.
b Birds from Villavicencio merely approach S. a. zamorae by their longer tail
and more grayish throat. I cannot discern any constant color differences between a
series from Trinidad and fourteen from Venezuela, although the latter are slightly
larger. Tobago birds agree in size with those from Trinidad, but have generally
rather paler, less rufescent upper parts.
MEASUREMENTS
MALES WING TAIL BILL
Four from Tobago 83-88 58-63 21-21.5
Ten from Trinidad 81-87 58-64 20-21.5
Five from Bermudez, Venezuela 9093 63-67 21-23
Four from Carabobo, Venezuela 87-89 63-65 21-22.5
Two from above Villavicencio, Colombia 91,92 68,68 22,22
FEMALES
Three from Tobago 85-87 58-61 21-22
Six from Trinidad 83-86 58-61 20-22
One from Bermudez, Venezuela 93 23.5
Two from Carabobo, Venezuela 87,88 56,62 22
Two from above Villavicencio, Colombia 92,92 67,69 22,23.5
248 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Sclerurus albigularis propinquus Bangs*. SANTA MARTA LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus albigularis propinquus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 99, 1899
— Chirua, Santa Marta Mts.; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 121,
157, 1900 — Las Nubes, Valparaiso; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 297, 1922 — Las Nubes, Cincinnati, LasTaguas, Las Vegas, Pueblo Viejo,
Santa Marta district.
Sclerurus albigularis ?, BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 177, 1898 — Palomina.
Range : Santa Marta region, Colombia.
Sclerurus albigularis canigularis Ridgway. GRAY-THROATED LEAF-
SCRAPER.
Sclerurus canigularis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, p. 542, 1889 — Tur-
rialba, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 12, p. 24, 1890 (monog.); idem, I.e., 16, p. 613,
1893 — Buena Vista, Costa Rica; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 45,
1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 645, 1910 —
Costa Rica (crit.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 166, 1911 —
Costa Rica and western Panama.
Sclerurus albigularis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 114, 1890 — part, Costa
Rica.
Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui).
Sclerurus mexicanus mexicanus Sclaterb. MEXICAN LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus mexicanus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, "1856", p. 290, Jan. 1857 —
Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 149, pi. 12,
1862 — Cordoba; Coban, Guatemala; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115,
1890 — part, spec, a-i, Cordoba, Mexico; Raxche', Coban, Savanna Grande,
Volcan de Agua, Guatemala; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 25,
1890 — part, spec, from Mexico and Guatemala only; idem, I.e., 14, p. 471,
1891 — Volcan de Puca, Honduras; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 167, 1891 — part, Mexican and Guatemalan references only;
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 32, 1898 — Jalapa.
Sclerurus mexicanus certus CHUBB", Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 41, Jan. 1919 —
Volcan de Agua, above San Diego, Guatemala.
Sclerurus mexicanus mexicanus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 166, 1911 — part, Mexico to Honduras; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 65, p. 210, 1922 — Mexico to Honduras (crit.).
a Sclerurus albigularis propinquus BANGS: Differs from S. a. albigularis by much
darker (burnt umber instead of olive brown) upper parts; much deeper rusty chest;
darker belly; generally more grayish throat, etc. Twelve specimens examined.
This race forms the transition to the still darker 5. a. canigularis, of Costa Rica.
b Sclerurus m. mexicanus is characterized by its extremely long, slender bill
(25-27 mm.) and by the intense tawny rufous of the throat being extended all over
the chest.
0 This form is apparently not separable. Only one of two' Guatemala skins differs
by darker, more vandyke brown upper parts, while the othetf as well as an adult male
from Honduras (Volcan de Puca) are indistinguishable from Mexican examples.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 249
Range: Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz and Mexico;
Guatemala; Honduras (Volcan de Puca).
Sclerurus mexicanus pullus Bangs*. DUSKY LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sderurus mexicanus pullus BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 45, 1902 —
Boquete, Panama (type examined); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 1 68, 1911 — western Panama and Costa Rica.
Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 645,
1910 — Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica.
Range: Caribbean slope of western Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui)
and Costa Rica (Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Carrillo)b.
Sclerurus mexicanus anomalus Bangs and Barbour". PANAMA LEAF-
SCRAPER.
Sclerurus mexicanus anomalus BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
65, p. 209, 1922 — Mount Sap6, Panama (type examined).
Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 465,
1862 — Lion Hill, Panama; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115, 1890 —
part, spec, n, Frontino; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 25, 1890 —
part, Panama; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 167,
1891 — part, Lion Hill, Panama, Frontino, Colombia; BANGS, Proc. New
Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 26, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama (spec, examined).
Sclerurus mexicanus mexicanus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 166, 1911 — part, Panama, Frontino.
Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 520 — Frontino, western Andes, Colombia.
Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior (not of HARTERT) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
• Sclerurus mexicanus pullus BANGS : Similar to S. m. mexicanus, but bill decidedly
shorter; upper parts much darker, deep sepia, the lower rump and tail-coverts deep
chocolate brown (instead of chestnut rufous) ; tawny rufous of throat and chest rather
deeper; breast and abdomen much darker sepia. Wing 77-82; tail 53-60; bill 20.5-
23, once 24. Material. — Boquete, Chiriqui 2 . Costa Rica: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui 4,
Carrillo i (Nov. 20, 1897, C. F. Underwood, Tring Museum).
Birds from Costa Rica, while slightly pointing towards 5. m. mexicanus, are
much nearer to pullus.
b In the absence of material I am unable to ascertain whether birds from Veragua
(Calovevora, Cordillera de ToM, Santiago) are referable to 5. m. pullus or S. m. ano-
malus.
0 Sclerurus mexicanus anomalus BANGS and BARBOUR : Similar in coloration to
S. m. mexicanus, except for the brighter tawny of throat and chest, but with much
shorter and stouter bill; agreeing in shape and shortness of bill with S. m. pullus,
but much paler throughout. Wing 75-84; tail 51-60; bill 21-23.5.
Material. — Panama: Loma del Leon 2, Mt. Sap6 2. Colombia: Puerto Val-
divia i, La Frijolera i.
The only adult bird from Colombia (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 133584
female, La Frijolera, Antioquia, Dec. 31, 1914, MILLER and BOYLE), while agreeing
with Panama examples in coloration of upper parts, approaches S. m. obscurior by
the restriction of the tawny color below.
250 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
N. H., 36, p. 415, 1917 — part, Puerto Valdivia, La Frijolera, lower Cauca;
Tacarcuna, Panama (spec, examined).
Sclerurus guatemalensis (errore) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 4, 1863
— Isthmus of Panama.
Range: Eastern Panama (Lion Hill, Tacarcuna, Mt. Sapo) and
adjacent parts of northern Colombia (Frontino; Puerto Valdivia, La
Frijolera, lower Cauca, Prov. Antioquia).
Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior Hartert*. PACIFIC LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 8, p. 370, 1901 — Lita, Prov.
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (type examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 415, 1917 — part, San Antonio, Colombia (spec, examined).
Sclerurus mexicanus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, o,
Intac.
Range: Western Colombia (San Antonio) and western Ecuador,
south to Province El Oro.
Sclerurus mexicanus andinus Chapman*. EAST ANDEAN LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus mexicanus andinus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 622,
1914 — Buenavista, above Villavicencio, Colombia (type examined).
Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115,
1890 — part, spec, m, Bogota (spec, examined).
Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior (not of HARTERT) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 415, 1917 — part, Buenavista.
Range: Base of Eastern Andes, Colombia (Buenavista, above
Villavicencio; also found in "Bogota" collections).
*Sclerurus mexicanus peruvianus Chubb0. PERUVIAN LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus mexicanus peruvianus CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 41, 1919 —
Yurimaguas, Peru (type examined).
Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
• Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior HARTERT: Nearest to S. m. anomalus, but the
tawny throat area, instead of being abruptly defined posteriorly, blends with the
mummy brown abdomen through a transitional zone, the feathers of the chest being
brown with dull tawny apical margins ; chestnut area above restricted to upper tail-
coverts and deeper in tone, more like 5. m. pullus; back and wings deeper sepia
brown; bill longer and more slender. Wing 75-81 ; tail 51-58; bill 22-25.
Material. — Ecuador: Prov. Esmeraldas, Lita (type) i, Bulun i, Paramba2; El
Chiral, Santa Rosa-Zaruma trail, Prov.. del Oro i. Colombia: San Antonio i.
b Sclerurus mexicanus andinus CHAPMAN: Exceedingly close to S. m. obscurior,
but upper parts and abdomen decidedly paler, less rufous, and chestnut uropygial
area brighter as well as more extensive. Wing 77-84; tail 60-64: bill 23.5-25. Four
specimens from the type locality, and two "Bogota" skins examined.
0 Sclerurus mexicanus peruvianus CHUBB: Closely allied to 5. m. andinus, but
immediately recognizable by lacking the bright chestnut rufous uropygial area, the
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 251
p. 750, 755 — Yurimaguas; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 115, 1884 — Yuri-
maguas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, p, q,
Sarayacu (Ecuador), Yurimaguas (Peru).
Range : Eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu, Zamora) and Peru (Yurima-
guas, Dept. Loreto; Puerto Bermudez, Ucayali drainage, Dept. Junin).
i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez i).
*Sclerurus mexicanus macconnelli Chubb*. GUIANAN LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus mexicanus macconnelli CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 41, 1919 —
Ituribisei River, British Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 92, 1921 —
Ituribisci River, Ourumee, Brit. Guiana (spec, examined).
Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
p. 574 — Rio Capim (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115,
1890 — part, spec, s, Capim; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Capim River; SNETHLAGE, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 332, 1914 — Peixe-Boi, Para (spec, examined).
Range: French and British Guiana; northern Brazil, from Maran-
hao (Rosario) and Para (Peixe-Boi, Rio Capim) to the Tapajoz (Col-
onia do Mojuy, Miritituba, Apacy, Villa Braga, Itaituba).
i: Brazil, Maranhao (Rosario i).
Sclerurus mexicanus bahiae Chubb*. BAHIA LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus mexicanus bahiae CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 42, 1919 — Bahia,
Brazil (type examined).
upper tail-coverts being just a slight shade more rufescent than the back. Wing
78-81 ; tail 53-61; bill 22-24.
Material. — Peru: Yurimaguas (type) i, Puerto Bermudez i. Ecuador: Zamora,
Prov. de Loja i (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 167369).
a Sclerurus mexicanus macconnelli CHUBB: Not unlike S. m. anomalus in having
an extensive chestnut rufous area on the rump, and the throat and chest bright
tawny rufous; but tail longer, bill longer and more slender, upper parts and abdo-
men much paler and more olivaceous. From its geographical neighbors S. m. andinus
and 5. m. peruvianus, it can easily be distinguished by the much more intense tawny
rufous throat area being carried well over the chest, the much more olivaceous gen-
eral coloration, and from peruvianus, in addition, by the bright chestnut rufous uro-
pygial zone. Wing 78-86; tail 58-65; bill 22-25.
Material. — Tamanoir, Mana River, French Guiana 2. Ourumee, British Guiana i.
Brazil, Para: Peixe-Boi i, Rio Capim i, Colonia do Mojuy 4, Miritituba i, Apagy i,
Villa Braga 2, Itatituba i; Maranhao, Rosario i.
b Sclerurus mexicanus bahiae CHUBB: Differs from 5. m. macconnelli by much
darker, almost chocolate brown upper parts; deep rufous brown rump, less contrast-
ing with color of back; decidedly deeper tawny throat and chest, and much darker,
sepia instead of olivaceous brown abdomen. Wing 85-86; tail 63-64; bill 23-24.
Three Bahia skins, the type in the British, one in the Paris, and one in the American
Museum of Natural History, New York, examined.
252 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12,
p. 25, 1890 — part, spec, ex Bahia (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, t, Bahia.
Range: Eastern Brazil (State of Bahia).
Sclerurus ruf igularis rufigularis Pelzeln*. SHORT-BILLED LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus rufigularis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 87, 161, 1868 — part, Borba, Rio
Madeira (type in Vienna Museum examined) b; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,
p. 364, 1906 — part, Borba, Sao Antonio do Prata, Pard (crit.); idem, I.e., 17,
P- 323, 1910 — part, Borba, Pard district; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Sao Antonio, Pard; SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 332, 1914 — part, Pard, Mocajatuba, Providencia,
Ananindeua, Benevides, Peixe-Boi, Pard dist. ; Cameta, Rio Tocantins.
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Para to the
Rio Purus.
Sclerurus rufigularis fulvigularis Todd*. OCHREOUS-THROATED LEAF-
SCRAPER.
Sderurus rufigularis fulvigularis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, p. 74, 1920 —
Tamanoir, French Guiana (type examined).
Sclerurus rufigularis (not of PELZELN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 87, 161, 1868
— part, Marabitanas, Rio Negro (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
13, p. 364, 1906 — part, Marabitanas; Takutu and Carimang Rivers, Ourumee,
Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana;
idem, l.c., 17, p. 323, 1910 — part, Marabitanas, Guianas; BERLEPSCH, I.e.,
15, p. 147, 1908 — Ipousin, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, p- 332, 1914 — part, Obidos; BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, p. 133, 1917 —
Bartica, Brit. Guiana; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 92, 1921 — Supenaam,
Makauria, Anarica, Carimang River, Ourumee, Takutu R., Bartica Grove.
• Sclerurus rufigularis rufigularis PELZELN: Superficially resembling S. mexicanus
macconnclli, also found on the lower Amazon, but bill much shorter and slenderer;
chestnut uropygial area duller and less extensive; throat and chest much paler, cin-
namon tawny rather than tawny rufous. Wing 78-82; tail 59-68; bill 16.5-18.5.
Material. — Para: Benevides 5, Sao Antonio do Prata i, Villa Braga, R. Tapa-
joz i; Borba, Rio Madeira (type) i; Arina, R. Punis i, Hyutanahan, R. Purus 2.
b Pelzeln's original description covjers both S. r. rufigularis (an adult female from
Borba), and S. rufigularis fulvigularis (two males from Marabitanas, Rio Negro),
as examination of the material in the Vienna Museum disclosed. We, therefore,
formally designate No. 20236 9 ad., Borba, Rio Madeira, June 22, 1830, J. Nat-
terer, as type.
c Sclerurus rufigularis fulvigularis TODD: Differs from 5. r. rufigularis by much
paler, warm buff to ochraceous buff (instead of cinnamon tawny) throat, this color
passing into dull ochraceous tawny on malar region, foreneck and chest, the latter
obsoletely flammulated with buff. In S. r. rufigularis these parts are much darker,
between cinnamon rufous and tawny, and the markings on tie chest are but rarely
suggested by faint hair-like shaft lines. Wing 76-82; tail 56-64; bill 16-19.
Material. — French Guiana: Tamanoir 6, Pied Saut, Oyapock 3, Ipousin, Rio
Approuague i. British Guiana: Rio Carimang 2, Rio Takutu i, Ourumee i, Bartica
Grove i. Venezuela: Upper Caura i. Brazil: Marabitanas, Rio Negro 2, Demonti,
Oyapock, i, Obidos 4.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 253
Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 116,
1890 — part, spec, e, h, i, Bartica, Carimang River (spec, examined); SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — part, Bartica Grove (spec, examined).
Range: French and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela (Caura
Valley); northern Brazil, north of the Amazon (Obidos; Marabitanas,
Rio Negro).
Sclerurus caudacutus caudacutus ( Vieillot}. BLACK-TAILED LEAF-
SCRAPER.
Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 3, p. 310,
1816 — "la Guyane" = French Guiana; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — part, Cama-
cusa, Mei-urne" Mts., Rio Atapurow; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12,
p. 27, 1890 — Cayenne; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 116, 1890 — part,
spec, b, d, f, g, j, k, Cayenne, Merume' Mts., Rio Atapurow, Camacusa, Rio
Carimang (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 147, 1908 — Cay-
enne; BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, p. 133, 1917 — Bartica, Brit. Guiana;
CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 91, 1921 — British Guiana.
Myothera longirostris (CuviER MS.) LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 2, cl. 2, text to
pl- 7 [p- 3» footnote], 1832 — new name for Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILLOT.
Sclerurus brunneus (not of SCLATER 1857) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 149,
1862 — part, spec, b, Cayenne.
Sclerurus caudacutus caudacutus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 56, 1907— Cay-
enne, Brit. Guiana (crit.).
Range : French and British Guianaa.
Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta (Lichtensteiri)*. SPINY LEAF-SCRAPER.
Myiothera umbretta LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 43, 1823 —
Bahia (type in Berlin Museum examined; =juv.).
Tinactor fuscus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1106, 1831 — part, descr. of
male only, and hab. Rio Belmonte, Bahia (type in American Museum Nat.
Hist, examined; =juv.).
Sclerurus lawrencei RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889", p. 28, Feb.
1890 — Bahia (type in American Museum Nat. Hist, examined; = adult).
Myioturdus umbretta MENETRIES, Me"m. Ac. Sci. St. P£tersb., (6) 3, Part 2 (Sci.
Nat.), p. 468, 1835 — Bahia (ex LICHTENSTEIN).
Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
B Seven British Guiana birds have the throat more buffy with fewer dusky edges
than a single Cayenne skin. This little known form requires further study.
b Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta (LICHTENSTEIN) : Differs from S. c. caudacutus,
of Guiana, by pure white throat, each feather with a narrow, dusky brown apical
margin; less rufescent chest (which is dull tawny brown, much like the sides of the
head) ; more brownish breast, abdomen, and upper parts.
Material. — Espirito Santo 2, Bahia 3, Igarape-Assu, Pard i, Capim River i,
Villa Braga, Tapaj6z 3, Tucunare1, Rio Jamauchim i, Borba i, Calama 4, Maroins,
Rio Machados i.
254 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
1867, p. 573 — Rio Capim (spec, examined); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 86,
1868 — part, Borba, Rio Madeira (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 116, 1890 — part, spec, c "Brazils" (=Bahia), 1, Capim River
(spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 279, 1905 — Igarape"- Assu ;
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 507, 1908 — Villa Braga, R. Tapajdz (spec,
examined).
Sclerurus fuscus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 242, 1889 (note on Wied's
"male" type); RIDGWAY, Proc. U.-S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 28, 1890 — part, descr.
of type of Tinactor fuscus only".
Sclerurus caudacutus umbrella HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 56, 1907 — eastern
Brazil from Bahia to Para, west to Borba (crit., diag.); idem, I.e., 17, p. 323,
1910 — Calama, Maroins, Rio Madeira (range); idem, Abhandl. math. phys.
Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Igarape"-Assu, Capim, Para;
idem, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 143, 1915 — Braco do Sul, Porto
Cachoeira, Espirito Santo; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 332, 1914 —
Peixe-Boi, Arumatheua, Villa Braga, Rio Jamauchim; LIMA, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilhe"os-Belmonte, Prov. Bahia.
Sclerurus umbrella IHERING and IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 244, 1907 —
Porto Cachoeira, Esp. Santo (spec, examined).
Range: Eastern and northern Brazil, in states of Espirito Santo
and Bahia, and on the south bank of the lower Amazon, from Para to
the^Rio Madeirab.
*Sclerurus caudacutus brunneus Sclater0. BROWN LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus brunneus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, p. 17, June 1857 — Bogota (type
examined; =juv.); idem, I.e., 26, p. 62, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecuador; idem, Cat.
Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 149, 1862 — part, spec, a, Bogota; idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 1 1 6, 1890 — part, spec, a, c-g, Bogota, Sarayacu (Ecuador),
Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Iquitos (Peru) (spec, examined); SALVADORI and
FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 23, 1899 — Rio Santiago, Ecua-
dor (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 436, 1905 — Rio Jurua;
* As pointed out by me (Nov. Zool., 14, p. 57, 1907), Mr. Ridgway made a mis-
take in allocating the Rio Itabapuana. On lately examining the "male" type of
Tinactor fuscus WIED, I found my surmise of its being a young bird of umbrella to
be quite correct. There is hardly any doubt that it was taken somewhere in the
State of Bahia where Lichtenstein's original example also came from.
b A single adult from Para (Igarap£-Assu) appears to me inseparable from Bahia
specimens. Birds from the Tapaj6z (Villa Braga) and Rio Madeira are somewhat
variable, some being quite indistinguishable from the type of S. lawrencei, while
others closely approach 5. c. brunneus, if the latter can be maintained.
0 Sclerurus caudacutus brunneus SCLATER: Exceedingly close to 5. c. umbrella,
but front and sides of head raw umber, with hardly any rufescent tinge, and chest
much less shaded with tawny.
This form hardly deserves recognition, but more satisfactory material should be
examined before it is condemned. At all events I am quite unable to discover what-
soever differences between Peruvian (olivascens) and Colombian specimens.
Material. — Bogota i, Rio Meta i, Marabitanas 2, Rio Santiago, Ecuador 2,
Teffe' i, Chyavetas i, Yurimaguas i, Marcapata i, Moyobamba i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 255
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 415, 1917 — La Murelia, La Flor-
encia, Caqueta region, Colombia.
Sclerurus caudacutus var., PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 86, 1868 — Marabitanas,
Rio Negro (spec, examined).
Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 750 — Yurimaguas, Chyavetas (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 1873,
p. 269 — same localities; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 114, 1884 — part,
Yurimaguas, Chyavetas.
Sclerurus olivascens CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 67, 1873 — Monterico, Aya-
cucho; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 526 — Monterico; idem, Orn.
Pe"r., 2, p. 115, 1884 — Monterico.
Sclerurus caudacutus brunneus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 56, 58, 1907 —
Teff£, Rio Solimoes (crit., range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 333,
1914 (range).
Sclerurus umbretta brunneus IHERING and IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 244,
1907 — Rio Jurud.
Sclerurus fuscus (not of WIED) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 28* 1890 —
part, spec, ex Rio Napo.
Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Caqueta
region) through eastern Ecuador to Peru (south to Monterico, Dept.
Ayacucho, and Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco), east to western Brazil (Mara-
bitanas, Rio Negro; Teffe", Rio Solimoes; Rio Jurua).
i: Peru (Moyobamba i).
*Sclerurus guatemalensis guatemalensis (Hartlaub). GUATEMALAN
LEAF-SCRAPER.
Tinactor guatemalensis HARTLAUB, Rev. Zool., 7, p. 370, 1844 — Guatemala.
Sclerurus guatemalensis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 354 —
Panama; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 117, 1890 — part, spec, a, b,
Choctum, Vera Paz, Panama; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 30,
1890 — Guatemala to Isthmus of Panama; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 168, pi. 44, fig. i, 1891 — part, Guatemala, Costa Rica,
Panama; RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 498, 1893 — Rio Escon-
dido, Nicaragua; LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — Chaloma,
Honduras; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 26, 1900 — Loma del Leon,
Panama; idem, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Boruca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio
Grande, Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 646, 1910 —
Bonilla, La Concepcion de Jimenez, La Vijagua, Cerro de Santa Maria, El
General de Terraba, El Hogar, El Pozo, Boruca, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 169, 1911 — Mexico to Panama; STONE, Proc.
Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 262, 1918 — Gatun, Panama (nest and egg).
Sclerurus guatemalensis guatemalensis BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, p. 210, 1922 — Mt. Sap6, Rio Esndpe, Jesusito, Darien (crit.).
256 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range : Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz and Tabasco,
south through Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica to
eastern Panama (Canal Zone, Darien)a.
5: Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 2); Costa Rica (Bor-
uca i, Palmar 2).
*Sclerurus guatemalensis salvini Salvador* and Festab. SALVIN'S
LEAF-SCRAPER.
Sclerurus salvini SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362,
p. 23, 1899 — Rio Peripa, Ecuador (type examined).
Sclerurus guatemalensis salvini HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 615, 1902 — San Javier,
Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas (spec, examined).
Sclerurus brunneus (not of SCLATER 1857) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 116, 1890 — part, spec, b, Balzar, Ecuador (spec, examined).
Sclerurus guatemalensis (not of HARTLAUB) SCLATER, I.e., p. 117, 1890 — part c,
Santa Rita, Ecuador (spec, examined); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 169, note*, 1891 — part, Ecuador.
Range: Pacific coast of Ecuador (from Prov. Esmeraldas south to
Guayas), and probably Colombia (Rio Ingador)8.
i: Ecuador (Carondelet, Prov. Esmeraldas i).
Genus LOCHMIAS Swainson.
Lochmias SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, No. u, p. 355, 1827 — generic characters
only; type by subs, desig. (SWAINSON, Orn. Draw., Part 3, pi. 33, 1836)
Lochmias squamulata SWAINSON = Myiothera nematura LICHTENSTEIN.
Picertkia Is. GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., i, p. 392,
1832 — type Furnarius sancti-hilarii LESSON = Myiothera nematura LICHTEN-
STEIN.
Lochmia SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 320, July 1837 — type Lochmia squamu-
lata SWAINSON.
a According to BANGS and BARBOUR (I.e.,) birds from Darien are, as a rule, darker,
thus pointing somewhat toward S. g. salvini.
b Sclerurus guatemalensis salvini SALVADORI and FESTA: Similar to S. g. guate-
malensis, but upper parts very much darker, chocolate rather than Vandyke brown;
upper tail-coverts darker than the back, almost blackish brown (instead of dull
rufous brown as in S. g. guatemalensis); chest more strongly tinged with tawny,
though marked in a similar way; breast and abdomen decidedly deeper sepia brown.
Wing 80-86; tail 56-62; bill 22-24.
Material. — Ecuador: Rio Peripa i, Santa Rita i, Balzar i, San Javier 3, Bulun 2,
Carondelet 2.
0 I have very little doubt that the young bird from the Rio Ingador, Pacific
Colombia, referred to by various authors under the name of Sclerurus brunneus
(CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 193; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
12, p. 29, 1890; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr:-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 168, 1891)
will prove to belong to S. guatemalensis salvini.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 257
Hydrolegus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 74, 1901 — type Hydrolegus silvestri~
anus BERTONI = Myiothera nematura LICHTENSTEIN.
Lochmias nematura nematura (Lichtenstein) . SHARP-TAILED CREEPER.
Myiothera nematura LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 43, 1823 —
S5o Paulo.
Furnarius sancti-hilarii LESSON, Traite d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 307, Sept. 1830 —
Brazil (type in Paris Museum examined).
Lochmias squamulata SWAINSON, Orn. Draw., Part 3, pi. 33, 1836.
Lochmias wewatera BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 6, 1856 — Congon-
has, Minas Geraes; idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Parana, Entrerios;
idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 462, 1861 — Parana; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i,
p. 35, 1868 — Mattodentro, Ypanema, Sao Paulo; Curytiba, Parana; EULER,
Journ. Orn., 15, p. 189, 194, 198, 399, 1867 — Cantagallo, Rio (nest and eggs
descr.); CABANIS, I.e., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo; REINHARDT, Vidensk.
Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 387 — Lagoa Santa, Minas; Faz.Rozario,
near Novo Friburgo, Pirahy, Rio; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn.,
2, p. 142, 1885 — Taquara, Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and
HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 174, 1888 — Parana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 28, 1890 — part, Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. in,
1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; GOELDI, Ibis, 1894, p. 490 — Rio de Janeiro
(breeding habits); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 220, 1899 — Piquete,
Ipiranga, Piracicaba, SSo Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo,
Novo Friburgo; idem, I.e., p. 242 (nest); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do
Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Rio Grande do Sul; OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 229,
1907 — Piquete, Campo do Jordao, Ilha de Sao SebastiSo, Itarar6, Ubatuba,
Sao Paulo; Ourinho, Parana; LUDERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 27, p. 351,
1909 — Campo Itatiaya; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 523 — Sapucay, Paraguay;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 291, 1910 — Entrerios, Paraguay;
idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 329, 1914 — range in Argentina; TREMOLERAS,
El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Montevideo, Canelones, Uruguay.
Lochmias nematura nematura MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 65, 1906 — Serra d'Estrella, Rio de Janeiro; HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 58, 1908 — Goyaz; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23,
p. 307, 1912 — Paso Yuvay, Paraguay; HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12,
p. 140, 1915 — Braco do Sul, Espirito Santo.
Hydrolegus silvestrianus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 74, 1901 — Alto Parana.
Range: Southern Brazil, north to Matto Grosso, Goyaz, and Minas
Geraes; Uruguay; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Misiones, En-
trerios) .
Lochmias nematura castanonota Chubb*. GUIANA SHARP-TAILED
CREEPER.
Lochmias nematura castanonota CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, p. 87, 1918 —
'•Lochmias nematura castanonota CHUBB: "Differs from L. n, nematura in being
rich chestnut brown above instead of dusky olive, less white below, especially on the
258 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
"Araparu River" in the Kukenam Mts., British Guiana; idem, Birds Brit.
Guiana, 2, p. 89, 1921 — Aruparu River.
Lochmias nematura (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 418 — Kukenam
Mts.; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 28, 1890 — part, spec, e, "River
Arranparu," Kukenam, Brit. Guiana.
Range: British Guiana (Kukenam Mountains).
*Lochmias nematura obscurata Cdbanis*. PERUVIAN SHARP-TAILED
CREEPER.
Lochmias obscurata CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 65, 1873 — Monterico, n.e. Aya-
cucho, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 526 — Monterico; SCLATER
and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 619 — Baganti, Bolivia; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per.,
2, p. 113, 1884 — Monterico; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 401
(in text), 1917 — Inca Mines =Santo Domingo, Peru; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 117, p. 82, 1921 — Santa Ana.
Lochmias sororia (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 28, 1890
— part, spec, e, Baganti, Bolivia; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13,
p. 91, 1906 — Santa Ana.
Range: Peru (in depts. Ayacucho, Huanuco, Cuzco, and Puno),
and Bolivia (western Yungas).
i: Peru (Chinchao i).
Lochmias nematura sororia Sclater and Salvin*. NORTHERN SHARP-
TAILED CREEPER.
Lochmias sororia SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 511 — Venezuela =
vicinity of Caracas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 28, 1890 — part,
spec, a-d, Venezuela, Bogota, Sarayacu, Ecuador; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 36, p. 401, 1917 — Miraflores, central Andes; Buena Vista, east-
ern Andes, Colombia.
flanks, the white shaft streaks on under tail-coverts almost obsolete, and in smaller
size. Wing 64; tail 43 mm." (CHUBB, I.e.).
This form which we have not seen is known from a single female shot by the late
Henry Whitely, Jr., on the Aruparu River, Kukenam Mts., Brit. Guiana, at an
elevation of 5,000 ft. According to the description, it would seem to be intermediate
between nematura and sororia, combining the whitish superciliary streak of the former
with the general coloration of the latter.
• Lochmias nematura obscurata CABANIS: Differs from L. n. nematura by much
darker, less brownish coloration, by lacking the whitish superciliary streak and by
the reduction of the white spots underneath. Wing 78-80; tail 53-55; bill 22-23.
Three specimens from Peru and Bolivia examined.
b Lochmias nematura sororia SCLATER and SALVIN: Resembling L. n. obscurata
in absence of whitish superciliary streak, but much brighter chestnut brown above,
with sides of head and neck and flanks much more rufous brown, and the white
spots below much larger. Wing 75-77; tail 50-54; bill 22-23. Two specimens from
Bogotd and two from eastern Ecuador, but none from the type locality examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 259
Lochmias obscurata (not of CABANIS) TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1885, p. 94 — Machay, Ecuador.
Lochmias nematura obscurata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 65, 1906 — Bogotd (crit.).
Range: Venezuela (vicinity of Caracas); Colombia (central and
eastern Andes) ; eastern Ecuador (Machay, Sarayacu) .
FAMILY DENDROCOLAPTIDAE.
WOOD-HEWERS.
Genus DENDROCOLAPTES Hermann.
Dendrocolaptes HERMANN, Observ. Zool., p. 135, 1804 — type by subs, desig.
(SWAINSON, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc., 3, p. 292, 1821) "Gracula cayennen-
sis, of LINNAEUS" [=GMELIN] =Picus certhia BODDAERT.
Dendrocopus VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Ornith. 61£m., p. 45, 1816 — type by subs,
desig. (SCLATER, 1890) "Le Picucule" of BUFFON = Picus certhia BODDAERT.
Dendrocops SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 314, July 1837 — type by orig. desig.
Dendrocolaptes platyrostris SPIX.
Orthocolaptes LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 269, 1840 — type by subs, desig. (SCLATER,
1890) Gracula cayennensis GMELIN = Picus certhia BODDAERT.
Premnocopus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 339, 1847 — new name for
Dendrocops SWAINSON.
Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor Pelzeln. PELZELN'S WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes concolor PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 62, 1868 — [Villa Bella de]
Matto Grosso, Salto do Girao and Borba, Rio Madeira* (spec, in Vienna
Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 174, 1890 — Borba;
(?)SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 345, 1914 — part, Rio Xingu (Victoria),
Tamucury (south bank of Amazon, east of Santarem), Rio Jamauchim
(Tucunare) .
Dendrocolaptes obsoletus (not of LICHTENSTEIN, 1820) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 10, "1887", p. 527, 1888 — Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z
(type examined).
Dendrocolaptes certhia ridgwayi HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 282, 1905 — new
name for Dendrocolaptes obsoletus RIDGWAY, preoccupied.
Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 336, 1910 — Borba
and Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira.
• Natterer, its discoverer, having obtained six specimens at Borba, and one each
at Villa Bella de Matto Grosso and Salto do Girao, we designate Borba, Rio Madeira
as type locality.
b It must remain doubtful if the localities quoted above really refer to the present
species. Examples from Villa Braga, marked "concolor" by Miss Snethlage, which I
have seen in the Tring Museum, turn out to belong to D. hoffmannsi.
260 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrocolaptes certhia (not of BODDAERT) RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 27,
1891 — Diamantina, near Santarem.
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio
Madeira and its head-waters (Rio Guapore", near Villa Bella de Matto
Grosso) east to the Tapajoz*.
*Dendrocolaptes certhia medius Toddb. PARA WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes certhia medius TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, p. 74, 1920 —
Benevides, Para, Brazil.
Dendrocolaptes cayennensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 575 — Para.
Dendrocolaptes certhia (not of BODDAERT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 173,
1890 — part, spec. 1, m, Para; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 282, 1905 —
Igarape"-Assu, Magoary, Pard; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 344, 1914
— part, Para, Providencia, Apehu, Peixe-Boi, Rio Guamd (Santa Maria do
Sao Miguel), Rio Tocantins (Cametd).
Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 124, 1906 — part, spec, f, Pard; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,
p. 366, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 41, 92, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, and Pard localities; BEEBE,
Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 88, 1916 — Utinga, near Para.
Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Maranhao and Para,
west to the Tocantins".
4: Brazil, Maranhao (Tury-assu 4).
*Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia (Boddaert). BUFFON'S WOOD-HEWER.
Picus certhia BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., p. 38, 1783 — based on "Le Picucule, de
Cayenne" DAUBENTON, PI. enl. 621, Cayenne.
Gracula cayennensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (i), p. 399, 1788 — based on DAUBEN-
TON, PI. enl. 621, Cayenne.
Gracula scandens LATHAM, Ind. Orn., i, p. 193, 1790 — based on DAUBENTON,
PI. enl. 621, Cayenne.
Dendrocolaptes communis LESSON, Traite d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 312, pi. 72, fig. 2,
Sept. 1830 — "Guiane".
* Recent examination of a considerable series from Santarem and the left bank
of the Tapaj6z in the Carnegie Museum shows D. c. ridgwayi to be inseparable from
concolor. There is so much individual variation in color of maxilla, tinge of lower
parts, and amount of dusky markings on foreneck and smaller upper wing-coverts,
that none of these characters can be relied upon for racial distinction.
b Dendrocolaptes certhia medius TODD : Similar to D. c. certhia, but throat more
whitish (less buff) ; under parts paler, less rufescent, with the dusky cross bars nar-
rower and less distinct; bill more blackish.
Material examined. — A large series from the Para district and four specimens from
western Maranhao (Tury-assu).
0 The locality "Pernambuco" is most certainly erroneous.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 261
Dendrocolaptes graculus TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., Tabl. me"th., p. 66, Jan. 1839 —
based on "Le Picucule, de Cayenne" DAUBENTON, PL enl. 621.
Premnocopus undulatus CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 689,
1848 — Canuku Mts., Brit. Guiana.
Dendrocolaptes cayennensis LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for 1818 —
19, p. 201, 1820 — based on "Le Picucule, de Cayenne" DAUBENTON, PL enl.
621.
Dendrocops cayennensis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 321, 1851 —
part, descr. of supposed juvenile plumage (p. 323) from Cayenne.
Dendrocolaptes certhia PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Forte do Rio Branco
and Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], No. 963 (juv.), part (spec, examined);
SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merume Mts., Ror-
aima, Brit. Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 173, 1890 — part,
spec, b-k, Roraima, Camacusa, Bartica Grove, Demerara (Brit. Guiana),
Albina (Surinam); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 68, 1902 —
Nericagua, Mataben, Munduapo (R. Orinoco), Suapure, Nicare, La Pricion
(Caura R.), Venezuela (spec, examined); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10,
p. 179, 1904 — Camopi, French Guiana (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 150, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana (spec,
examined); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 344, 1914 — part, Rio Jary
(S. Antonio da Cachoeira, Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro); CHERRIE, Mus.
Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 271, 1916 — Caura and Orinoco Rivers; BANGS
and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo
and Lelydorp, Surinam; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 132, 1921 — British
Guiana.
Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 124, 1906 — part, spec, a-e, Camopi, Merume" Mts., Cayenne.
Dendrocolaptes radiolatus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN, 1867) SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 174, 1890 — part, spec, g-h, Carimang River, British Guiana
(spec, examined).
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela
(Caura and Orinoco basin, up to Munduapo, Mataben, and Nericagua) ;
northern Brazil, south to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Rio
Jary, Obidos, Rio Jamunda, Manaos)a.
i: Brazil (Conceicao, Rio Branco i).
• Taken as a whole, the birds inhabiting the area circumscribed above, agree
fairly well together. There is, of course, some individual variation in the amount
of barring below, and examples with slight traces of broken dusky cross lines on the
back are not uncommon in the Guianas, Venezuela, as well as on the north bank of.
the lower Amazon. The gap between certhia and radiolatus is bridged by certain in-
dividuals from British Guiana, notably a couple from the River Carimang (actually
referred to radiolatus by the late P. L. Sclater), two from Bartica Grove, and a
male from the Merume' Mts. Two birds from Mataben, upper Orinoco approach
radiolatus even more closely, and differ from Peruvian specimens only by somewhat
narrower bars above and less ochraceous ground color of the under parts; but six
other skins from the same region (Munduapo, Nericagua) are much less banded and
cannot be distinguished from the normal type of certhia.
Plate 621 of Daubenton's "Planches enlumine'es" upon which the specific name
was based, is a very satisfactory representation of the present species. Later it was
262 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrocolaptes certhia juruanus Ihering*. IHERING'S WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes juruanus IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, "1904", p. 437, May
1905 — Rio Jurua (types examined).
Dendrocolaptes cayennensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, p. 265,
1857 — Ega, Rio Solimoes.
Dendrocolaptes certhia (not of BODDAERT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 —
Marabitanas, Rio Negro, No. 963 (juv.) part (spec, examined); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 173, 1890 — part, spec, u, Ega.
Dendrocolaptes certhia juruanus IHERING and IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
p. 256, 1907 — Rio Jurua; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 15, 1908 — Cachoeira
and Bom Lugar, Rio Punis (spec, examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
P- 345 1 19*4 — same localities.
Range: Northwestern Brazil, from the upper Rio Negro (Mara-
bitanas) south to the rivers Jurua and Punis.
Dendrocolaptes certhia polyzonus Toddb. BOLIVIAN WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes polyzonus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 173, 1913 —
Prov. del Sara, Bolivia (type examined).
Range: Northern Bolivia, on the north slope of the Andes of Cocha-
bamba (Rio Yapacani, Rio Surutu).
regarded and described (by Levaillant and Lafresnaye) as the juvenile plumage of
D. picumnus (plagosus), and, as late as 1868, Pelzeln perpetrated the same error.
It is now an established fact that the two birds constitute perfectly distinct species.
Material examined. — French Guiana 5. British Guiana: Demarara 3, Annai 2,
Essequibo River i, Merume' Mts. 2, Bartica Grove 2, Carimang River 2. Venezuela:
Caura River (Suapure, Nicare, La Pricion) 6; Rio Orinoco, Mataben 2, Munduapo 2,
Nericagua 4. Brazil: Obidos 6, Manaos 2, Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco 2,
Conceicao, Rio Branco i.
a Dendrocolaptes certhia juruanus IHERING: Similar on lower parts to D. c. cer-
thia, but back regularly, though narrowly, barred with blackish, and fulvous sub-
apical markings on crown less distinct. Wing 124-132; tail 120-136; bill 35-42.
This form differs from typical certhia only by the more regularly barred back and
less spotted crown, and although some specimens from British Guiana are hardly
distinguishable, I consider it as a valid race. Two skins from the Purvis were found
to be identical with the types while four from Marabitanas (Rio Negro) are slightly
more closely barred above and a little more ochraceous below, thus approaching
D. c. radiolatus.
Material examined. — Rio Jurua 2 ; Rio Punis, Bom Lugar i, Cachoeira i, Arifia i»
Hyutanahan 5, Nova Olinda 3; Ega, Rio Solimoes i, Marabitanas, Rio Negro 4.
b Dendrocolaptes certhia polyzonus TODD : Similar to D. c. juruanus in narrow
barring above and below, markings of crown, and plain (unmarked) greater upper
wing-coverts and under tail-coverts, but ground color of upper parts much brighter
cinnamon brown, and lower surface darker, more ochreous brown. Wing 129-136;
tail 129-136; bill 36-40.
In the saturated coloration of the body plumage this well marked race agrees
with D. c. radiolatus, differs, however, by its unmarked greater upper wing, and under
tail-coverts, and is much more narrowly barred both above and below.
Material examined. — Bolivia: Prov. del Sara i, Rio Yapacani i, Rio Surutu i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR. 263
Dendrocolaptes certhia radiolatus Sclater and Salvin*. BARRED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes radiolatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., "1867", p. 755,
1868 — Yurimaguas, Peru (type examined); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 271 — Yuri-
maguas, Chamicuros, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 170, 1884 — same
localities; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 304, 1889 — Yurimaguas; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 174, 1890 — part, spec, a-f, Chamicuros and Iquitos,
Peru; Sarayacu, Ecuador; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14,
No. 362, p. 27, 1899 — Rio Santiago, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 62
— Archidona, Ecuador.
Dendrocops cayennensis (not of GMEHN) LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3,
p. 321, 324, 1851 — part, "juv." ex Peru, coll. Castelnau (spec, examined).
Dendrocolaptes certhia radiolatus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 125, 1906 — Chamicuros, Pebas, Peru; Rio Napo, Ecuador.
Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae radiolatus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 427, 1917 — Florencia, Colombia.
Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Florencia,
Caqueta region) through eastern Ecuador (Archidona, Rio Napo, Rio
Santiago, Rio Suno, San Jose de Sumarco) to northern Peru (Yurima-
guas, Chamicuros, Pebas, Iquitos).
* Dendrocolaptes certhia sancti-thomae (Lafresnaye)b. WESTERN
BARRED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocops sancti-thomae LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 4, p. 466, 1852 — •
"in insula Sancti-Thomae" (errore) = Santo Tomas, near Omoa, Honduras0.
Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 96, 1858 — Mexico,
Honduras, Mosquito coast, Nicaragua; LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
N. Y., 7, p. 320, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama; idem, I.e., 8, p. 181, 1867 — Grey-
a Dendrocolaptes certhia radiolatus SCLATER and SALVIN: Differs from D. c. jur~
uanus, of western Brazil, by much wider and more conspicuous black bars on crown»
back, and under parts, involving also the under tail-coverts; much brighter and more
rufous general coloration, bright cinnamon brown on back, and decidedly ochra-
ceous below; distinct blackish subapical bars on the greater upper wing-coverts;
darker orange ochraceous, more strongly barred axillars and under wing-coverts.
Material examined. — Colombia: Florencia, Caquetd. i. Ecuador: Rio Suno i,
Sarayacu i, below San Jose de Sumarco i, Archidona i, Rio Napo 4. Peru: Yuri-
maguas 2, Chamicuros i, Pebas 2.
b Dendrocolaptes certhia sancti-thomae (LAFRESNAYE) is closely related to D. c. radi-
olatus, but chiefly distinguished by almost wholly black bill, much less barred back,
and by the more strongly denned as well as more closely set black bars extending
up to the chin.
Five specimens from the Ecuadorian province of Esmeraldas are paler, both on
back and under parts, and lack the cinnamon russet tinge on the crown, the latter
being of exactly the same shade as the mantle. Although I have little doubt about
their distinctness, I rather hesitate to add another name before the status of D. c.
hesperius is more satisfactorily explained.
c See SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 192, 1891.
264 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
town, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 9, p. 106, 1868 — San ]os6, Costa Rica; WYATT,
Ibis, 1871, p. 331 — Naranjo, Santander; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 174, 1890 — part, Honduras, Brit. Honduras, Vera Paz (Guatemala), Costa
Rica (Tucurriqui), Panama; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves,
2, p. 192, 1891 — Brit. Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa
Rica (Navarro, Tucurriqui), Panama; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus.
Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 7, 1899 — Punta de Sabana, Panama; HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 9, p. 6 1 6, 1902 — San Javier and Carondelet, Ecuador; BANGS,
Auk, 18, p. 367, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39,
p. 151, 1903 — Yaruca, Honduras.
Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae sancti-thomae CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6,
p. 659, 1910 — Costa Rica, up to 2,000 ft.; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
50, Part 5, p. 229, 1911 — from southeastern Mexico to Panama (monog.) ;
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 426, 1917 — Puerto Valdivia, Col-
ombia; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 211, 1922 —
Jesusito, Darien (crit.).
Range: From southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz and
Campeche) through Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, eastern
Nicaragua, northern and eastern Costa Rica to Panama (Divala, Chiri-
qui; Veragua; Lion Hill; Darien), Colombia (Puerto Valdivia, lower
Cauca; Naranjo, Santander), and northwestern Ecuador (San Javier,
Carondelet, Pambilar, Vacqueria, Prov. Esmeraldas).
9: Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega 4) ; Costa Rica (Limon 2,
Siquirres i); Panama (Railroad line i); Ecuador (Vacqueria, Prov.
Esmeraldas i).
*Dendrocolaptes certhia hesperius Bangs*. TERRABA VALLEY WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae hesperius BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Lagarto
(type), Boruca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, s.w. Costa Rica; CARRIKER,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 660, 1910 — Terraba Valley, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 232, 1911 — part, southwestern Costa
Rica.
Range: Southwestern Costa Rica (Terraba Valley),
i: Costa Rica (Boruca i).
*Dendrocolaptes platyrostris platyrostris Spix. FLAT-BILLED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes platyrostris SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 87, pi. 89, 1824 — Rio de Janeiro
» I am not satisfied as to the distinctness of this race. Its only constant character
is the more closely barred under surface. Birds from western Nicaragua (San Gero-
nimo, Chinandega) appear to me indistinguishable from sancti-thomae, and if separ-
able, hesperius will have to be restricted to the Terraba Valley.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR. 265
(type in Munich Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak.
Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 632, 1906 (crit.).
Dendrocolaptes fortirostris SUCH, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, p. 115, 1825 — mountains
above Goaytacazes [ = Campos], Rio de Janeiro.
Dendrocolaptes menaloceps (sic) LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 269, 1840 — locality
unknown.
Dendrocolaptes platyrhynchus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae,
p. 194, pi. 536, fig. 3676-77, 1853 — new name for Dendrocolaptes platyrostris
SPIX; BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 9, 1856 — Rio de Janeiro.
Dendrocolaptes tarefero BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 69, Jan. 1901 — Alto
Parana, Paraguay.
Dendrocops platyrostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 326, 1851 — Rio
de Janeiro (monog.).
Dendrocolaptes picumnus (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1820) SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 56 — wooded region of s.e. Brazil; PELZELN, Orn. Bras.,
i, p. 43, 1868 — part, Registre do Sai and Rio de Janeiro (Rio), Ypanema,
Itarar6 (Sao Paulo) (spec, examined); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. natur-
hist. Foren., 1870, p. 376 — Lagoa Santa, Sete Lagoas, Paracatu (Minas Ger-
aes), Novo Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 253,
1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; CABANIS, I.e., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Canta-
gallo, Rio de Janeiro; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613 — Concepcion,
Misiones; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 146, 1885 — Taquara,
Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 199, 1888 — Mis-
iones; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 170, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, f-m,
Sao Paulo, Rio Claro, "Goyaz" [=Sao Paulo], "Pelotas", Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil; BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2, p. 44, 1892 —
Porto Real, Rio; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 234, 1899 — Ypiranga, Sao
Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, Annuario
Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 130, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, p. 254, 1907 — Ypiranga, Alto da Serra, Sao Sebastiao, Rio Feio,
Bauru, Jaboticabal, ItararS, Avanhandava, Bebedouro (Sao Paulo), Ourinho
(Parana), Espirito Santo; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220,
1909 — Posadas, Misiones; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 534 — Sapucay, Paraguay;
GRANT, I.e., 1911, p. 135 — Mortero, Paraguay; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac.
B. Aires, 18, p. 431, 1910 — Santa Ana, Misiones; idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, I,
P- 335, 1914 — Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 53, 1914 — Parana,
Asunci6n; MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 10, No. 114, p. 318, 1918 — Villa
Lutetia, near San Ignacio, Misiones.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro,
and Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Rio Jordao, near Araguary, Agua Suja,
near Bagagem) south to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; northeastern
Argentina (Prov. Misiones) a.
4: Brazil (Victoria, Sao Paulo 2, Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa,
Minas Geraes i); Argentina (Salto Iguazu, Misiones i).
a Birds from Paraguay (Sapucay; Bernalcue, near Asuncidn), Misiones, and Rio
Grande do Sul are identical with a large series from Rio de Janeiro (including the
type) and Sao Paulo. Eight specimens from Minas Geraes (neighborhood of Ara-
266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Dendrocolaptes platyrostris intermedius Berlepsch*. INTERMEDIATE
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes intermedius BERLEPSCH, Ibis (5) i, p. 141, 1883 — Bahia (type
examined).
Dendrocolaptes picumnus cearensis CORY, Auk, 36, p. 541, 1919 — Jua, near Igu-
atii, Ceard.
guary and Bagagem) also agree in every particular with typical platyrostris, whereas
an immature male (in worn plumage) from near Lagoa Santa, by its rather paler,
less streaked back, slightly points toward intermedius.
Material examined. — Paraguay: Sapucay 2, Bernalcue 2. Argentina: Salto
Iguazu, Misiones i . Rio Grande do Sul: Taquara i, Sao Lourenco i . Santa Cathar-
ina: Blumenau 2 . Sao Paulo: Ypanema 8, Victoria 2. Rio de Janeiro: Rio 3, Petropo-
lis i . Minas Geraes: Rio Jordao, near Araguary 4, Agua Suja, near Bagagem 4, Lagoa
Santa i.
a Dendrocolaptes platyrostris intermedius BERLEPSCH: Similar to D. p. platyrostris,
but crown much lighter, olive or dusky brown (instead of blackish) ; back with only
a few hair like streaks on upper portion; rump and upper tail-coverts clear hazel
(in platyrostris rump brown like the back, tail-coverts deep chestnut brown, streaked
with buff and barred with blackish) ; tail and wings much lighter, hazel or rufous
instead of chestnut brown; general tone of body plumage, both above and below,
more cinnamomeous, less olivaceous.
The absence of the blackish cap, the clear rufous rump, and the hazel or rufous
(instead of chestnut brown) tail and wings render this form easily recognizable.
Specimens from Ceard, Piauhy, northwestern Bahia (Rio Preto) and Matto Grosso
(Chapada), though exhibiting a certain amount of individual variation, agree well
together and are unquestionably referable to the same form. The type of D. inter-
medius, a Bahia trade skin, has the upper and under parts of a darker, more rufes-
cent brown tone than any other specimen, and approaches platyrostris, furthermore,
by the deeper chestnut rufous wings and tail. Another trade skin from Bahia, how-
ever, except for its darker wings and tail, closely resembles certain specimens from
Piauhy ( 9 , Piranha, Lake of Parnagud; o71, below Uniao).
These birds whose exact locality is not known probably came from the southern
part of the state of Bahia where intermedius may be expected to intergrade with
platyrostris.
An adult male secured by J. Natterer on June 20, 1823 on the banks of the Rio
Paranahyba, south of Catalao, near the boundary line of the prov. of Goyaz and
Minas Geraes, in all essential points, save its darker chestnut wings and tail, so closely
resembles the average from Piauhy that it must, unquestionably, be referred to
intermedius. This is rather surprising, since, several miles further east, at Araguary
and Bagagem, we meet with D. p. platyrostris, as pointed out under the preceding
species.
Material examined. — Bahia (trade skins) 2 (including the type). Goyaz: Rio
Paranahyba, south of Catalao i. Matto Grosso: Chapada 4. Bahia: Sao Marcello,
Rio Preto i, Falls of Barrocao, Rio Preto 2. Piauhy: Pedrinna i, P£ do Morro, near
Buriti i, Parnagud i, Piranha, Lake of Parnagud i, Santa Philomena i, below Nova
York, Rio Parnahyba i, below Uniao, Rio Parnahyba i. Ceard: Jua, near Iguatu i.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
Two (unsexed) from Bahia (incl. type) 118,124 112,112 36,39
One male from Rio Paranahyba, Goyaz 126 114 38
One male from Rio Preto, Bahia 122 118 36
Two females from Rio Preto, Bahia 120,120 113,113 34-5,35
Three males from Piauhy 122,125,127 112,117,118 34,36,37.5
Four females from Piauhy 118,123,128,130112,118,120 36,36,37,37
One male from Ceard 125 116 37
Four males from Matto Grosso
(Chapada) 120,122,124,127 110,117,120,12334,34.5,35
BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 267
Dendrocolaptes picumnus (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1820) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i,
p. 43, 1868 — part, Rio Paranaiva [ = Paranahyba], s.e. Goyaz (spec, exam-
ined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 170, 1890 — part, spec, e, Chapada,
Matto Grosso (spec, examined); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 114,
1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso (spec, examined); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilhe'os to Belmonte, Bahia.
Dendrocolaptes picumnus intermedius REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 66, 1910 — above the Falls of Barrocao, Rio Preto, Bahia;
Parnagud, Piranha, Pedrinha, P£ do Morro, Santa Philomena, below Nova
York, Therezina, below Uniao, Piauhy (spec, examined).
Range: Central and northeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Ceara,
Piauhy, Matto Grosso, and Goyaz, south to the Rio Paranahyba.
3: Brazil (Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia i; Jua, near Iguatu,
Ceard i; Ibiapaba, Piauhy i).
*Dendrocolaptes pallescens Pelzeln*. PALE-BILLED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes pallescens PELZELN, Orn. Bras., I, p. 43, 61, 1868 — Estiva and
Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso (types in Vienna Museum examined);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 171, 1890 — Piedra Blanca, Bolivia;
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 115, 1893 — Piedra Blanca, Bolivia;
SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — San Francisco
and Caiza, Bolivia; San Lorenzo, Jujuy; idem, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 8, 1900 —
Urucum, Matto Grosso; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 — Oran,
Salta; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 122,
1906 — Chiquitos, Yungas, Bolivia (crit.); IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
p. 254, 1907 — Saltab; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220, 1909 —
Cafetal, Jujuy; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 308, 1910 — San
Lorenzo (Jujuy), Oran (Salta).
Dendrocolaptes cayennensis (not of GMELIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn.
Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. n, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (spec, exam-
ined).
Dendrocops cayennensis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 321, 324, 1851
— part, "juv." ex Bolivia, coll. D'Orbigny (spec, examined).
Range: Western Matto Grosso (Estiva, Engenho do Gama, Uru-
cum), eastern Bolivia (Piedra Blanca, Chiquitos; Santa Cruz de la
Sierra; San Francisco and Caiza, Dept. Tarija), and northwestern Ar-
gentina (in prov. of Jujuy and Salta).
i: Argentina (Yacuiba, Salta i).
a Dendrocolaptes pallescens PELZELN is immediately recognizable by the pale
brownish maxilla and the narrow buff shaft streaks, apically edged with blackish,
on the otherwise light tawny brown pileum. Wing 122-134; tail 117-125; bill 35-40.
Material examined. — Matto Grosso: Estiva i, Engenho do Gama i. Bolivia:
Santa Cruz de la Sierra 2, Chiquitos i, "Yungas" i. Argentina, Jujuy: Cafetal i,
Orillas del Rio Lavallen i, Rio Francisco i; Salta, Yacuiba i.
b The record from the Rio Jurua is a mistake, it being based on one of the speci-
mens afterwards described by Ihering as Dendrocolaptes juruanus.
268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi Hellmayr*. HOFFMANNS'S WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23, p. 66, 1909 —
Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 335, 1910 — Calama and Alli-
anca, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 344, 1914 — Rio
Madeira.
Dendrocolaptes concolor ridgwayi (not of HELLMAYR) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn.,
56, p. 509, 1908 — Villa Braga and Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z (spec, examined);
idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 345, 1914 — part, Rio Tapaj6z.
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the right bank
of the Rio Madeira (Calama, Allianca) to the left bank of the Tapa-
j6z (Villa Braga).
Dendrocolaptes transfasciatus Toddb. TRANSVERSE-BARRED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes transfasciatus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 81, 1925 —
Miritituba, Rio Tapaj6z, Brazil.
• Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi HELLMAYR: Nearest to D. pallescens PELZELN, from
Matto Grosso and Bolivia, but bill black and laterally more compressed; pileum
strongly washed with russet, abruptly defined against the Brussels brown back (in
pallescens crown and back are nearly concolor tawny brown) ; the rusty buff crown
streaks less conspicuous, but the blackish apical edges to the feathers more pro-
nounced, especially on hind crown; under parts much less tawny, the foreneck and
breast being pale Dresden brown with a slight olive cast, the abdomen buckthorn
brown instead of deep tawny; foreneck and chest with inconspicuous buffy hair-
streaks (in pallescens these parts show much broader, lanceolate, laterally black
edged stripes) ; chin dingy grayish buff; axillars and under wing-coverts much paler,
ochraceous buff rather than tawny ochraceous. Wing 140-145; tail 120-132; bill
35-38.
Material examined. — Rio Madeira: Calama 2, Allianca i. Rio Tapaj6z: Villa
Braga 6.
b Dendrocolaptes transfasciatus TODD: "Pileum brownish black, each feather
with a conspicuous buffy shaft streak, these streaks continued over the upper back,
where they become broader, and margined with blackish; upper back Prout's brown,
streaked as aforesaid, passing into rich auburn on the lower back, rump, and upper
tail-coverts; tail deep bay, with darker shafts; wings bay, with a slight brownish
wash on the upper coverts, and on the inner webs of the primaries toward their tips;
under wing-coverts rich buff, spotted with black; a superciliary line of buffy tipped
feathers; lores and sides of head and neck blackish, streaked with buffy; throat and
breast with broad buffy shaft streaks, coalescing anteriorly, and posteriorly having
narrow borders of blackish and brownish ; rest of under parts rich buffy, more brown-
ish (Saccardo's umber) anteriorly, more rufescent posteriorly, irregularly barred with
brownish black, each feather with three broken bars or opposite spots of darker color,
separated by a pale shaft streak; bill dusky black above, paler below (in skin); feet
horn color. Wing (type) 143; tail 120; bifl 43.
"Two younger individuals from Colonia do Mojuy, near Santarem, are essen-
tially similar to the type, but the shaft streaks above and below are broader, and the
cross barring of the under parts is more prominent. The type is in fresh plumage,
the outermost primaries not yet fully grown. One of the young birds shows traces
of dark cross bars on the lower back.
"This new species approaches the form commonly known as D. plagosus plagosus
[=D.p. picumnus], of the north bank of the Amazon, and D. plagosus tardus IHERING
of the Rio Purvis [=*D. p. validus], but is perfectly distinct, differing in having the
head, upper back, and breast much more heavily streaked, the pileum much darker,
nearly black, and the barring on the posterior under parts more irregular and broken,
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 269
Range: Northern Brazil, on the right bank of the Rio Tapajoz
(Miritituba, Colonia do Mojuy, near Santarem).
Dendrocolaptes picumnus picumnus Lichtenstein. BLACK-BANDED
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes picumnus LICHTENSTEIN", Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the
years 1818-19, p. 202, 1820 — based on "Le Grimpar Picucule" LEVAILLANT,
Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 67, pi. 26, and "Le Picucule" AuDEBERTand VIEIL-
LOT, Ois. Bore's, 2, p. 113, pi. 76, Cayenne.
Dendrocolaptes plagosus SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (5) i, p. 210, 1883 — Cama-
cusa, Brit. Guiana (types examined); idem, I.e., 1885, p. 421 — Camacusa;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 172, 1890 — Camacusa, Rio Carimang,
Brit. Guiana; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 179, 1904 — Rio Carse-
venne, Contest^ Franco-bre"silien; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc.
Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 123, 1906 — same locality (crit.); BERLEPSCH, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 150, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; SNETH-
LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 344, 1914 — Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro),
Brazil; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Gui., 2, p. 131, 1921 — Anarica River, Camacusa,
Camarang River, Brit. Guiana.
Dendrocolaptes variegatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, "1888", p. 546,
1889 — "Bahia" = Cayenne (type in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge examined).
Dendrocops cayennensis (not of GMELIN) LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3,
p. 321, 1851 — part, descr. "adult", Cayenne).
Dendrocolaptes certhia (not of BODDAERT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868—
part, No. 1043 ("adult"), Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], Forte do Rio
Branco, Brazil (spec, examined).
Dendrocolaptes validus plagosus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 118, 1912 — French and Brit. Guiana, Brazil; HARTERT and GOOD-
SON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 416, 1917 (range); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam.
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; adjacent parts of
Venezuela (Rio Yuruan); northern Brazil, from the Rio Branco south
to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Obidos, Rio Jamunda, Manaos)b.
as well as narrower. The streaking on the throat and breast is more as in tardus
[= validus], while the color of the bill is dark, as in plagosus [= picumnus]." (Tooo,
a Lichtenstein's name was based on Levaillant's and yieillot's plates, both of
which, in spite of certain shortcomings, are without question referable to the bird
afterwards described as D. plagosus. The wide black cross bars on the belly and
the longitudinal stripes on crown and nape, shown in the drawings, together with
Levaillant's description of the "adult" and the locality render the identification
absolutely certain. Azara's No. 241, likewise quoted by Lichtenstein, belongs of
course, to quite a different species (Xiphocolaptes major), but this has no bearing on
the case, since D. picumnus, according to the diagnosis and the author's own state-
ment (I.e., p. 208), was founded on the two plates cited above.
b Birds from northern Brazil agree in every particular with those from Guiana.
Material examined. — Venezuela: Rio Yuruan i. British Guiana: Camacusa 2,
Demerara 3. French Guiana: Cayenne 4, Ipousin, Rio Approuague i, Pied Saut,
270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrocolaptes picumnus validus Tschudi*. TSCHUDI'S BLACK-
BANDED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes validus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 296, 1844 — Peru,
idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 242, pi. 21, fig. 2, 1846 — forest region between
10° and 12° south lat., i.e., Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin; SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Upper Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 56 — part,
Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 270 — Chamicuros, Upper Ucayali; TACZANOWSKI,
I.e., 1874, p. 529 — Monterico, Ayacucho; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 169, 1884 —
Monterico, Chamicuros, Ucayali; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 172,
1890 — part, spec, i, j, Chamicuros, Upper Ucayali; BERLEPSCH and STOLZ-
MANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 378 — Borgona, Peru; (?) GOODFELLOW, Ibis.
1902, p. 62 — Baeza, Ecuador.
Dendrocolaptes plagosus tardus IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 255, 1907 — Rio
Jurud (type examined).
Dendrocolaptes plagosus negrensis SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 270, 1925 —
Acajutuba, right bank of lower Rio Negro.
Dendrocolaptes radiolatus (not of .SCLATER and SALVIN) IHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 6, p. 437, 1905 — Rio Jurua.
Dendrocolaptes validus validus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturf., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 118, 1912 (range); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 416,
1917 (range).
Range: Eastern Peru (in depts. Loreto, Junin, Ayacucho, and
Puno) and adjoining section of western Brazil (Rio Jurua, Rio Purus,
lower Rio Negro); possibly also eastern Ecuador (Baeza).
*Dendrocolaptes picumnus multistrigatus Eytonb. COLOMBIAN WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes multistrigatus EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, Part 2, p. 75, April
1851 — locality unknown, we suggest Bogot£ (type in Liverpool Museum).
Oyapock i, Tamanoir, Mana River 2, Rio Carsevenne i. Brazil: Forte do Rio
Branco i, Obidos 26, Mandos 4.
• Dendrocolaptes picumnus validus TSCHUDI: Closely similar to D. p. picumnus,
but slightly more rufescent above; lesser and median upper wing-coverts with hardly
any light or dusky markings; throat less marked, the feathers being laterally edged
rather than spotted with dark brown; maxilla dark brown rather than black, man-
dible decidedly lighter. Wing 135-145 ; tail 125-134; bill 37-42.
Specimens from the Purus average slightly paler underneath, but the divergency
is insignificant. No material is available from Ecuador.
Material examined. — Peru: Chanchamayo 2, Rio Tavara (7o°2o' w., 13° 25' s.)
i . Brazil: Rio Jurua i, Rio Purvis (Nova Olinda, Hyutanahan) 12.
b Dendrocolaptes picumnus multistrigatus EYTON: Similar to D. p. validus, from
Peru and western Brazil, but back without blackish cross bands; chin and upper
throat plain buff; buff streaks on foreneck and chest narrower; abdomen much less
ochraceous with black cross bars much narrower and less conspicuous; bill some-
what shorter and slenderer, also darker in color.
Birds from the Andes of Merida have the dusky bars on the abdomen less dis-
tinct and somewhat broken, but the variation appears too insignificant to warrant
the recognition of a race berlepschi.
Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota" 5, Santa Elena i, Paramo de Tama i.
Andes of MeYida: Culata 3, Montana Valle i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 271
Dendrexetastes berlepschi MADARASZ, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., i, p. 463, 1903 —
Culata, Andes of MeYida (type examined).
Dendrocolaptes validus (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1868, p. 56 — part, "New Granada"; idem, I.e., 1875, p. 237 — San Cristobal,
Tachira, Venezuela; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Concordia, Medellin, Frontino,
Santa Elena, Antioquia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 172, 1890 —
part, spec, b-g, Medellin, Frontino (Colombia), San Cristobal (Venezuela).
Dendrocolaptes validus multistrigatus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg.,
78, A, Heft 5, p. 118, 1912 — Andes of Colombia (Bogota, Antioquia) and
western Venezuela (Tachira, Merida); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool.,
24, p. 416, 1917 — range (crit. on type).
Dendrocolaptes validus validus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, p. 426,
1917 — Cerro Munchique, Miraflores, Salento, La Candela, Aguadita, Villa-
vicencio, Florencia, Colombia.
Range : Andes of Colombia (except Santa Marta region) and west-
ern Venezuela (Paramo de Tama, San Cristobal, Tachira; Culata, Mon-
tana Valle, Merida) a.
i : Colombia (Paramo de Tama i).
*Dendrocolaptes picumnus seilerni Hartert and Goodsonb. VENEZUE-
LAN WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes validus seilerni HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 416,
1917 — Cumbre Chiquita, above San Esteban, Carabobo, Venezuela; TODD
and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 281, 1922 — El Libano, Las Nubes,
Cincinnati, San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Las Vegas, Heights
of Chirua.
Dendrocolaptes validus (not of TSCHUDI) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13,
p. 156, 1900 — Valparaiso, El Libano, Las Nubes, Santa Marta Mts.
Dendrocolaptes validus multistrigatus (not of EYTON) HELLMAYR and SEILERN,
Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 115, 118, 1912 — Las Quiguas and Cumbre de
Valencia, Venezuela.
Range: Subtropical Zone of the mountains of northern Venezuela
(in states of Carabobo, Aragua and Bermudez) and northern
Colombia (Santa Marta district).
i: Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua i).
a An apparently unnamed small race of intense coloration exists in western Ecua-
dor. I have seen a single immature specimen from Cayandeled. It was recorded as
Dendrocolaptes validus by BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI in P. Z. S. Lond., 1884,
p. 301.
b Dendrocolaptes picumnus seilerni HARTERT and GOODSON: Very similar to
D. p. multistrigatus, but bill more slender and paler, dark horn brown rather than
blackish; lower throat more spotted with dark brown; buff streaks on foreneck much
narrower and extended further down over the breast, leaving only the middle of the
abdomen and the under tail-coverts crossed by fewer as well as narrower blackish
bars. Wing 129-136; tail 116-127; bill 33-37.
Material examined. — Venezuela: Maracay, Aragua i, Cumbre de Valencia 6,
Las Quiguas 2. Colombia: Las Nubes 4.
272 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Dendrocolaptes picumnus costaricensis Ridgway*. COSTA RICAN
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73,
1909 — Laguaria, Santa Maria de Dota, s.w. Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 658, 1910 — Navarro, Cartago, Juan Vinas, El Rey, La
Lagunaria de Dota, Volcan de Irazu, Rio Sucio, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui,
Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 233, 1911 — Costa
Rica and western Panama; HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 118, 1912 — Costa Rica and Chiriqui; HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov.
Zool., 24, p. 417, 1917 (range).
Dendrocolaptes multistrigatus (not of EYTON) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
N. Y., 9, p. 106, 146, 1868 — Navarro, Costa Rica.
Dendrocolaptes puncticollis (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1878, p. 60 — Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool.
Cl., 3, p. 48, 1902 — Boquete, Panama.
Dendrocolaptes validus (not of TSCHUDI) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 191, 1891 — part, Navarro and Naranjo, Costa Rica.
Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Capita; Boquete, Chiri-
qui).
i: Costa Rica (Naranjo de Cartago i).
Dendrocolaptes picumnus puncticollis Sclater and Salvinb. SPOTTED-
NECKED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes puncticollis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 54,
pi. 5 — Tactic and San Geronimo, Vera Paz, Guatemala; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 171, 1890 — same localities; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 190, 1891 — same localities; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 232, 1911 — same localities.
Range : Highlands of Guatemala (Tactic, San Geronimo) and Hon-
duras (Volcan de Puca).
a Dendrocolaptes picumnus costaricensis RIDGWAY: Nearest to D. p. seilerni, but
foreneck and chest less regularly streaked, the blackish lateral edges of the buff
stripes being broken up into dots or bars instead of forming a continuous margin;
lower breast and abdomen much more extensively barred. Wing 123-130; tail 116-
124; bill 34-37-
Material examined. — Costa Rica: Cariblanco i, Azahar de Cartago i, La Estrella
de Cartago i, Naranjo i. Panama: Boquete, Chiriqui i.
b Dendrocolaptes picumnus puncticollis SCLATER and SALVIN: Nearly allied to
D. p. costaricensis, but crown much more blackish, with less distinct, more linear
buff shaft streaks ; back more olivaceous ; pale stripes on foreneck and chest decidedly
lanceolate, laterally bordered by a continuous blackish margin (not broken up into
dots or bars) ; blackish barring of belly less extensive and mainly restricted to median
portion; bill longer. Wing (one adult male) 134.5; tail 115; bill 42.
Material. — A single adult male obtained by Wittkugel on February 25, 1889,
on the Volcan de Puca, Honduras, in the Berlepsch Collection examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 273
Genus DENDREXETASTES Eyton.
Dendrexetastes EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, p. 76 — type Dendrexetastes capi~
ioid.es EYTON = Dendrocolaptes rufigula LESSON.
Cladoscopus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 192, 1853
— type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Dendrocolaptes temminckii =
Dendrocolaptes rufigula LESSON.
Dendrexetastes rufigula rufigula (Lesson). RUFOUS-THROATED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes (Orthocolaptes) rufigula LESSON, ficho du Monde Savant, n (2),
No. 12, p. 276, Aug. n, 1844 — Cayenne; idem, Oeuvr. Buff on, £d. LeVgque,
20 ( = Descr. Mammif. & Ois.), p. 281, 1847 — Cayenne.
Dendrocolaptes temminckii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 145, pi. 4,
March 1851 — "Santa P6 de Bogota" = Cayenne.
Dendrexetastes capitoides EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, p. 76 — no locality given;
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 77, 1855 — type (in Liverpool Museum) stated
to be from Cayenne.
Dendrexetastes temmincki SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — "Bogota"
(ex LAFRESNAYE), errore; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 140, 1890 —
Cayenne.
Dendrexetastes temminckii MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 179, 1904 —
Ouanary, French Guiana; idem and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. no, 1906 — Ouanary.
Xiphocolaptes temminckii PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Barra do Rio
Negro [ = Manaos] (spec, examined).
Dendrexetastes rufigula HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 367, 1907 — Cayenne; near
Paramaribo, Surinam; Mines District, British Guiana; Manaos (crit.); BER-
LEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 149, 1908 — Cayenne, Ouanary, French Guiana:
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 338, 1914 (range); BANGS and PENARD,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam.
Dendrexetastes rufigula rufigula HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 328, IQIO (diag.,
meas., range).
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; northern Brazil, south
to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Obidos, Manaos) B.
Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis Lorenzb. PAR A WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrexetastes paraensis LORENZ, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 45, p. 363,
a Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne i, Ouanary i, Pied Saut, Oya-
pock 4. Vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam 2; Mines District, British Guiana 2.
Brazil: Obidos i, Manaos i.
b Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis LORENZ: Differs from D. r. rufigula by having
a distinct, though narrow postocular stripe of white. Besides, the markings on the
f oreneck and chest are somewhat more rounded, while the abdomen is decidedly more
ochraceous brown. Wing 104-105 ; tail 100-107 ; bill 3*-32- In addition to the unsexed
274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
1895 — Para (type in coll. Princess Theresa of Bavaria examined); idem. Ann.
naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, n, p. i, pi. i, 1896 — Para.
Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 329, 1910 —
Marco da Legoa, near Para (diag.); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Marco da Legoa, Para; SNETHLAGE.
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 338, 1914 (range).
Range: Northeastern Brazil, in State of Para, south of the Ama-
zon (Para, Marco da Legoa) •.
Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei (Lafresnaye)b. DEVILLE'S WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes devillei LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 102, 1850 —
Sarayacu, Peru (type in Paris Museum examined) ; DEsMuRS in Castelnau,
Exp6d. Amer. Sud, Zool., I, livr. 18, Ois., p. 42, pi. 13, fig. i, 1856 — Sarayacu.
Dendrexetastes devillei TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 175, 1884 — Peru; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 141, 1890 — Iquitos, Samiria, Peru; MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. in, 1906 — Sarayacu
(crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 366, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira;
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Bom Lugar, Rio Punis.
Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 328, 329, 1910 —
Humaytha (diag., range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 338, 1914 —
Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre, Rio Punis; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A,
Heft 10, p. 80, 1920 — Chaquimayo, s.e. Peru.
Range: Eastern Peru, in depts. Loreto (Iquitos, Samiria, Sara-
yacu) and Puno (Chaquimayo, Sierra of Carabaya), and western Bra-
zil (Rio Punis; Humaytha, left bank of Rio Madeira).
Genus HYLEXETASTES Sclater.
Hylexetastes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 34 — type Dendrocolaptes perrotii
LAFRESNAYE.
*Hylexetastes perrotii perrotii (Lafresnaye) . RED-BILLED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes perrotii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 7, p. 80, 1844 — "Colombie" =
Cayenne; idem, Mag. Zool., (2) 6, Ois., pi. 54, 1844 — "Colombie"; idem,
type, I have examined an adult male secured by E. M. Brigham at Para on March 8,
1 88 1, in the U. S. National Museum, Washington (No. 105224). While not strongly
marked, this form appears to be separable by the well developed postocular stripe
which is but faintly suggested by a few isolated shaft lines in four out of twelve speci-
mens of typical rufigula from north of the Amazon.
*• Whether the bird from Calama, right bank of the lower Rio Madeira (Dendrexe-
tastes rufigula subsp., HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 327, 329, 1910) is really separ-
able, remains to be ascertained.
b Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei (LAFRESNAYE) : Differs chiefly from its allies by
lacking the white, black edged markings on nape and sides of neck; uniform ochreous
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 275
Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 101, 1850 — "Colombia"; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
23, p. 142, 1855 — "Bogota" (ex LAFRESNAYE).
Hylexetastes perrotii SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 141, 1890 — Cayenne;
BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 149, 1908 — Cayenne; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 339, 1914 — Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro).
Range: Eastern Venezuela (Rio Yuruan); French and British
Guiana; northern Brazil, south to the north bank of the lower Amazon
(Obidos, Rio Jamunda) a.
i : British Guiana (Demerara River ib).
Hyleretastes perrotii uniformis Hellmayr0. UNIFORM WOOD-HEWER.
Hylexetastes uniformis HELLMAYR, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., i, No. 7, p. 100, 1909 —
Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 329, 1910 — Borba, Calama,
Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 339, 1914 — Rio Madeira,
Xiphocolaptes perrotii (not of LAFRESNAYE) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868
— Borba (spec, examined).
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio
Madeira (Borba, Calama) to the Tapaj6z (Apacy, Villa Braga).
Hylexetastes stresemanni stresemanni Snethlage*. STRESEMANN'S
WOOD-HEWER.
Hylexetastes stresemanni SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 269, 1925 — Acajatuba.
lower Rio Negro, Brazil.
Range: Northwestern Brazil (Acajutuba, lower Rio Negro; Mana-
capuru, north bank of Rio Solimoes).
throat, without any trace of white stripes; the much narrower buff shaft lines below
being restricted to the foreneck; paler yellowish gray upper bill.
Material examined. — Sarayacu i, Chaquimayo i, Humaytha i.
"Material examined. — French Guiana: Pied Saut, Oyapock 2. Venezuela: Rio
Yuruan i. Brazil: Obidos 15 (all in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh).
b An adult male, collected by J. Rodway in May 1908, appears to constitute the
first record from British Guiana.
0 Hylexetastes perrotii uniformis HELLMAYR: Differs from H. p. perrotii in smaller
size (wing 125-127 against 135-140, tail 110-116 against 120-122); in lacking the
broad buff y white band descending from the lores to the lower auriculars ; in having
the throat earthy brown like the remainder of the lower parts instead of buffy white,
and no trace of dusky cross bands in the middle of the abdomen.
Material examined. — Calama l, Borba 3, Santarem 4, Villa Braga 4, Apacy,
Rio Tapaj6z i.
d Hylexetastes stresemanni stresemanni SNETHLAGE: Nearest to H. p. perrotii,
but throat marked with dull buffy white shaft streaks, coalescing on the chin, and
spreading out and narrowing on the lower throat and breast, which is otherwise
light rufescent brown with some indication of dark cross barring; rest of under
parts buffy, regularly but narrowly barred with blackish. Wing 116-126; bill 34-38.
This species differs from H. p., perrotii by streaked (instead of plain buffy white)
throat and strongly barred under surface which, in its ally, shows faint suggestions
of bars only on the lower abdomen.
276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Hylexetastes stresemanni undulatus Todd*. UNDULATED WOOD-
HEWER.
Hylexetastes undulatus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 80, 1925 — Sao
Paulo de Olivenca, Rio Solimoes, Brazil.
Range: Western Brazil, from the south bank of the Rio Solimoes
(Sao Paulo de Olivenca) south to the Rio Purus (Hyutanahan).
Genus XIPHOCOLAPTES Lesson.
Xiphocolaptes LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 269, 1840 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY,
1855, P- 28) Dendrocopus albicollis VIEILLOT.
*Xiphocolaptes albicollis albicollis ( Vieillof). WHITE-THROATED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocopus albicollis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26, p. 117,
1818 — "Bre'sil" (the type examined in Paris Museum was obtained by Dela-
lande, Jr., at Rio de Janeiro.)
Dendrocolaptes decumanus LiCHTENSTEiNb, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the
years 1820-21, phys. Kl., p. 256, 263, pi. i, fig. i, 1822 — part, type from
Prov. Sao Paulo (excl. Azara No. 241, Paraguay); idem, Verz. Dubl. Berliner
Mus., p. 16, 1823 — San Paulo (excl. cit. Azara No. 241); SPIX, Av. Bras., i,
p. 86, pi. 87, 1824 — Brazil (spec, examined); BURMEISTER, Syst. Cbers. Th.
Bras., 3, p. 10, 1856 — Novo Friburgo, Rio.
Dendrocolaptes crassirostris SUCH, Zool. Journ., 2, p. 115, April 1825 — above
Goaytacazes = Campos, Prov. Rio de Janeiro.
Dendrocolaptes guttatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1820) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras.,
3 (2), p. 1 120, 1831 — Rio de Janeiro, Cabo Frio, and Rio Espirito Santo;
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 248, 1889 (crit.).
Xiphocolaptes argentinus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 5, Feb. 1890 —
"Buenos Aires" (type examined"); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 334,
1914 (crit.).
Xiphocolaptes paranensis BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 68, 1901 — Djaguara-
sapa, Alto Parana, Paraguay.
Dendrocolaptes albicollis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag.
Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 10, 1838 — part, Corrientes; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool.,
(2) 2, p. 98, 1850 — Brazil (monog.).
* Hylexetastes stresemanni undulatus TODD: "Closely allied to H. s. stresemanni,
but much more olivaceous, less rufescent, especially below, with the cross barring
more regular and prominent." (Tooo, in litt.).
b Dendrocolaptes cyanotis LICHTENSTEIN (Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the
years 1818-19, P- 201, 1820; I.e. for 1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — based on "Le Grand
Grimpar" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 66, pi. 25, 1807 — "Brdsil"), some-
times quoted as a possible synonym of D. albicollis, appears to me absolutely uniden-
tifiable.
0 The type (U. S. National Museum No. 14726) is an old mounted specimen,
faded through exposure to light, with discolored* bill. The locality is no doubt
erroneous, no representative of this genus having ever been found near Buenos Aires.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 277
Xiphocolaptes albicollis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Registre do Sai,
Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema, Curytiba (spec, examined); HAMILTON, Ibis, 1871,
p. 304 — Itapetininga, Sao Paulo; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 253, 1873 —
Blumenau, Santa Catharina; CABANIS, I.e., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio;
WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613 — San Javier, Misiones; BERLEPSCH and
IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., a, p. 146, 1885 — Taquara and Arroio Grande, Rio
Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 200, 1888 — Misiones;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 142, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, g-o, Brazil,
Paraguay; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 3, 1890 — part, Rio de
Janeiro, Santa Catharina, and Misiones; idem, I.e., 13, p. 48, 1890 — Brazil;
IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 130, 1899 — Mundo Novo;
idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 230, 1899 — Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900
— Novo Friburgo and Cantagallo, Rio; MIRANDA, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de
Janeiro, 13, p. 182, 1906 — Caminho do Couto, Itatiaya; HELLMAYR, Abhandl.
2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 631, 1906 (crit.); MENEGAUX and HELL-
MAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. in, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro, Goyaz,
and Minas; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 250, 1907 — Bauru and Alto da
Serra (Sao Paulo) and Itatiaya (Minas); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 65,
1908 — Fazenda Esperanga, Goyaz; LUDERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 27,
P- 352, 1909 — Itatiaya; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 305,
1910 — Posadas, Misiones; CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie,
5, p. 479, 497, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana.
Xiphocolaptes albicollis paranensis CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 352 — Sapucay, Paraguay.
Range: Eastern Brazil, from southern Goyaz, Minas Geraes, and
Espirito Santo south to Rio Grande do Sul ; adjacent provinces of Argen-
tina (Misiones and Corrientes), and Paraguay (Alto Parana, Sapucay) a.
3: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes i;
Sao Paulo, Victoria i, Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Parana-
panema i).
*Xiphocolaptes albicollis bahiae Coryb. BAHIA WHITE-THROATED
WOOD-HEWER.
a Specimens from S5o Paulo and southward are more olivaceous, less tawny,
particularly below, and have less rufous on the rump than a series from Rio de
Janeiro. Two examples from Minas Geraes (Rio das Velhas, and Agua Suja, near
Bagagem) and one from Paraguay (paranensis BERTONI) also belong to this oliva-
ceous variety. If separable, its earliest name would be X. a. argentinus since Ridg-
way's type closely agrees with one of our specimens from Sao Paulo.
Material examined. — Rio de Janeiro 7, Espirito Santo (Victoria) i, Minas Ger-
aes 2, Sao Paulo 7, Parana i, Santa Catharina 2, Paraguay (Bernalcue") i.
b Xiphocolaptes albicollis bahiae CORY: Very similar to X. a. albicollis, but lacks
the black bars on the lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts, there being
but a limited number of small, dusky spots along the middle of the lower belly. The
buff streaks on the crown are somewhat narrower, while its ground color appears to
be dark sepia rather than black. Bill deep black as in X. a. albicollis.
The type (and only specimen seen) being stained with clay about the head and
under parts, I am unable to ascertain whether other differences of coloration exist
or not. By the lighter, less blackish pileum, less distinctly streaked auriculars, and
absence of black barring underneath X. a. bahiae seems to form the transition to
X. falcirostris, of northeastern Brazil.
278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xiphocolaptes bahiae CORY, Auk, 36, p. 540, 1919 — Macaco Secco, near Andar-
ahy, Bahia.
Xiphocolaptes albicollis belmontensis LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 102, col.
pi., fig. 2, 1920 — Belmonte, Bahia.
Xiphocolaptes albicollis (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 142,
1890 — part, spec, f, Bahia; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 3, 1890 —
part, Bahia.
Range: Eastern Brazil, in State of Bahia (Macaco Secco, near
Andarahy; Belmonte).
i : Brazil (Macaco Secco, near Andarahy i).
*Xiphocolaptes falcirostris (Spix)*. BUFF-CHEEKED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes falcirostris SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 86, pi. 88, 1824 — locality not
stated (type in Munich Museum examined).
Xiphocolaptes cinnamomeus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 15, Feb.
1890 — "Bahia" (the type examined in Mus. Comp. Zool. is a Ceara skin).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus iguatensis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub.,
Orn. Ser., i, p. 341, 1916 — Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara.
Xiphocolaptes albicollis villadenovae (corrected to villanovae on Errata slip) LIMA,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 104, col. pi., fig. i, 1920 — Villa Nova, Bahia.
Xiphocolaptes falcirostris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, p. 631, 1906 (crit. on type); REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — Fazenda da Porteira, Cantinho, and Os Mos-
quins, Rio Preto, Bahia; Os Umbus and Sao Gongalinho, Rio Parnayhba,
Piauhy (spec, examined).
Range: Northeastern Brazil, in northern parts of State of Bahia
(Villa Nova and Rio Preto) , and in states of Ceara, Piauhy, and Maranhao.
6: Ceara (Jua, near Iguatu 4); Maranhao (Cod6 i); Piauhy
(Ibiapaba i).
*Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus emigrans Sclater and Salvinb.
GUATEMALAN WOOD-HEWER.
a Xiphocolaptes falcirostris (Snx) : Immediately distinguishable from X, albi-
collis bahiae by much slenderer, horn color (instead of black) bill, and cinnamon
brown pileum (hardly different from color of back) with hair like buff shaft lines;
also by cinnamon rufous (instead of chestnut rufous) rump ; much more conspicuous
(buff or golden buff) loral spot, postocular streak and malar stripe; paler, wood brown
rather than blackish brown maxillary stripe; much paler, wood brown or buffy cin-
namon brown under parts, very rarely with suggestions of grayish brown transverse
markings in the middle of the lower abdomen. Wing (male) 128-135, (female) 127-
133; tail 102-116; bill 45-52.
In young birds the bill is shorter, stouter, and almost entirely black. X. falciros-
tris may prove to be a pale, northern race of X. albicollis.
Material examined. — Bahia: Rio Preto 5. Piauhy: Os Umbus i, Sao Gongalinho
i, Ibiapaba r. Maranhao: Cod6 i. Ceara: Jua, near Iguatu 4, unspecified i.
"Brazil" (type of D. falcirostris) i.
b This and the other Central American forms are clearly races of X. promero-
pirhynchus from which they merely differ by slight variations in color and markings.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 279
Xipliocolaptes emigrans SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, i, p. 118, 1859 — San Geron-
imo, Vera Paz, Guatemala; idem, Exotic Orn., p. 69, pi. 35, 1867 — part,
Guatemala; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 7, 1890 — Guatemala
(monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 145, 1890 — part, spec, a-e,
British Honduras, and Guatemala (Cajab6n, San Geronimo, Poctum); SAL-
VIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 183, 1891 — part, British
Honduras, and Guatemala; idem, Ibis, 1892, p. 327 — Matagalpa, Nicaragua.
Xiphocolaptes emigrans emigrans RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 237, 1911 — southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua (monog.).
Range: Southern Mexico (in State of Chiapas), south through
Guatemala and British Honduras to northern Nicaragua (Matagalpa,
San Rafael del Norte).
i : Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte i).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sclateri Ridgway. SCLATER'S WOOD-
HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes sclateri RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 6, Feb. 1890 —
Orizaba, Mexico; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 143, 1890 — La Parada,
Oaxaca, Mexico.
Xiphocolaptes albicollis ? (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25,
p. 202, 1857 — Jalapa, Vera Cruz.
Xiphocolaptes emigrans SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, p. 118 — part, Jalapa;
idem, Exotic Orn., p. 69, 1867 — part, Jalapa; SUMICHRAST, Mem. Boston
Soc. N. H., i, p. 554, 1869 — Orizaba, Vera Cruz (habits); SALVIN and GOD-
MAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 183, 1891 — part, Orizaba (Vera Cruz),
La Parada and Tonaguia (Oaxaca).
Xiphocolaptes emigrans sclateri RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 238, 1911 — southeastern Mexico (monog.).
Range : Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz and Oaxaca.
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus omiltemensis Nelson. GUERRERO
WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes emigrans omiltemensis NELSON, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 153,
1903 — Omilteme, Guerrero; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 239, 1911 — Omilteme.
Xiphocolaptes emigrans (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 183, 1891 — part, Omilteme.
Range: Southwestern Mexico, in State of Guerrero (Omilteme).
*Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus costaricensis Ridgway. CARTAGO
WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes emigrans costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. MUS.,'II, p. 541,
Sept. 1889 — Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 12, p.£8, 1890 — •
280 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Costa Rica (monog.); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 655, 1910 —
Costa Rica; FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 271, 1910 —
Guayabo, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 239,
1911 — Costa Rica (monog.).
Xiphocolaptes emigrans (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 145, 1890 — part, spec, f, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 183, 1891 — part, Costa Rica.
Range : Highlands of Costa Rica.
2: Costa Rica (Guayabo i, inland of Limon i).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus procerus Cabanis and Heine''.
CARACAS WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes procerus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 36, 1859 — Cara-
cas (types in Heine Coll. examined) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, Exot. Orn., p. 72,
1868 — Venezuela; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 19, 1890 (ex
CABANIS and HEINE).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus (not of LESSON) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1868, p. 167 — Caripe", Bermudez; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 144, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Caripe", Venezuela.
Xiphocolaptes procurvus (lapsu) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, p. 47, 1890
(crit., descr.).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus procerus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Nat-
urg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. in, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo (crit.).
Range: North coast Mountains of Venezuela, from Bermudez
(Caripe') west to Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sanctae-martae subsp. nov.b SANTA
MARTA WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes procerus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc.
B Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus procerus CABANIS and HEINE: Closely allied
to X. p. promeropirhynchus, but bill somewhat longer, slenderer and, as a rule paler,
horn color instead of blackish; under parts lighter, olivaceous or buffy brown, less
rufescent, with narrower streaks; throat more whitish; black spots on middle of
abdomen either absent or but slightly indicated; size smaller. Wing 125-135; tail
107-120; bill 46-52. Two specimens from the mountains inland of Cumana appear
to agree with a series from the type locality and the mountains of Carabobo.
Material examined. — Bermudez: Caripe" 2. Dept. Federal Occidental: Silla de
Caracas 2, Galipan, Cerro del Avila 5. Carabobo: Cumbre de Valencia n, Las
Quiguas i, Sierra de Carabobo i.
b Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sanctae-martae subsp. nov.
Type from San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia in Carnegie Mu-
seum, No. 42405. Adult male. February 3, 1913. M. A. Carriker, Jr.
Very similar to X. p. procerus, but larger, with longer, paler bill; throat more
buffy and on lower portion variegated with brownish edges ; under parts on average
more brownish, and paler streaks decidedly narrower. Wing 137-145; tail 119-128;
bill 51-55-
Material examined. — San Lorenzo 4, Cincinnati 5, Macotama i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 281
Wash., 12, p. 177, 1898 — Macotama; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13,
P- 157, 1900 — Valparaiso, El Libano, San Lorenzo, and Las Nubes.
Xiphocolaptes procerus fortis (not of Heine) TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie
Mus., 14, p. 279, 1922 — Las Nubes, Cincinnati, San Lorenzo, Cerro de
Caracas, Las Taguas, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Las Vegas, Paramo
de Mamarongo, and Heights of Chirua (crit.).
Range : Santa Marta Mountains, northern Colombia.
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus rostratus Todd*. LARGE-BILLED
WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes procerus rostratus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 5, 1917 — •
Jaraquiel, Bolivar, Colombia (type examined).
Range: Northwestern Colombia (Jaraquiel, State of Bolivar).
"Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus promeropirhynchus (Lesson).
BLACK-BILLED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes promeropirhynchus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 270, 1840 — no local-
ity given, we suggest Bogota, Colombia; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2,
p. 99, 1850 — Colombia (monog.); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 —
Bogota.
Xiphocolaptes promeroporhynchus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 36,
1859 — "New Granada."
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870,
p. 781 — upper wood region of Me"rida; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Santa Elena
and Remedies, Antioquia; BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 —
Bogotd; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 10, 1890 — Bogota (monog.);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 144, 1890 — part, spec, c-m, M6rida, Bogo-
ta, Medellin, Santa Elena, and Remedies; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 422, 1917 — Salento, Laguneta, Rio Toch^, La Candela, and La Palma
(central Andes), Fusugasuga, Aguadita, El Pinon, and Subia (eastern Andes),
Colombia.
Xiphocolaptes virgatus RiDGWAYb, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. n, Feb. 1890 —
locality unknown (type examined).
a Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus rostratus TODD: Nearest to X. p. sanctae-martae
but bill much larger (deeper and stouter, though not constantly longer) ; back more
rufous brown and narrowly streaked with buff; throat plain buff, not edged with
brown; under parts much more tawny and much more broadly striped with buffy.
Wing 137-145; tail 112-120; bill 51-57.
This well characterized form combines the strongly rufescent, broadly streaked
under surface of promeropirhynchus with the elongated, pale horn color bill of sanctae-
martae. From X. p. costaricensis it may be separated by its huge bill and much more
rufous coloration throughout.
Material examined. — Jaraquiel, Bolivar (including the type) 4.
b The type of X. virgatus, a skin of unknown origin, presumably from Antioquia,
appears to be inseparable from X. promeropirhynchus which is subject to much indi-
vidual variation in intensity of coloration as well as in amount of streaking both
above and below. Some of our Me"rida examples have the upper back and wing-
coverts even more strongly streaked than the type, and in one of them the pale
282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range : Subtropical and Temperate Zone of the Central and East-
ern Andes of Colombia, and western Venezuela (Andes of Me"rida).
16: Colombia (Bogotd 2, Anolaima i, Antioquia i, Paramo de
Tama 2); Venezuela (Rio Mucujon i, El Valle 2, Capar i, Culata 6).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus fortis Heine*. HEINE'S WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes fortis HEINE, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 185, 1860 — locality unknown (type
in Heine Collection examined); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 19,
1890 (ex HEINE).
Range : Unknown.
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus ignotus Ridgway*. RIDGWAY 's
WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes ignotus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 13, Feb. 1890 —
Ecuador (type in American Museum of Natural History, New York exam-
ined; =juv.).
Xiphocolaptes saturatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 14 (in text),
Feb. 1890 — "Guayaquil", Ecuador (the type examined in the U. S. National
Museum is a skin of the well known "Quito" make).
Xiphocolaptes compressirostris (not of TACZANOWSKI) TACZANOWSKI and BER-
LEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 98 — San Rafael; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 26, 1899 — La Concepciori, Valle del Chota.
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus (not of LESSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27,
p. 140, 1859 — Pallatanga; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 144, 1890 — part,
spec, n-p, Chiquinda and Sarayacu (spec, examined) ; GOODFELLOW, Ibis,
1902, p. 63 — "Baeza" (spec, examined).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus crassirostris (not of TACZANOWSKI) LONNBERG
and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. .25, p. 70, 1922 — Algonguincha and Pig-
anta, Mojanda.
Range: Andes of Ecuador (except southwestern section).
stripes underneath are very nearly as wide. Even in the pale color of the bill, the
type is matched by one of T. K. Salmon's skins from Antioquia (exact locality not
stated) in our collection, and closely approached by another from Bogotd.
A series from M£rida I cannot satisfactorily distinguish from those of Colombia,
although, sometimes, they are more distinctly streaked on the back.
Material examined. — Colombia: Bogotd 18, Anolaima i, Antioquia i, Paramo
de Tama 2; Venezuela, Andes of Merida 13.
a See Addenda A on page 378.
b Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus ignotus RIDGWAY: Differs from X. p. promer-
opirhynchus by much larger and paler (horn color) bill and much more rufous colora-
tion, the pileum being deep bister or Vandyke brown like the back (instead of decid-
edly darker and more blackish than the latter) with the buff streaks much narrower
and strictly confined to the shafts; the rump and tail much darker chestnut; the
under parts raw umber, but slightly lighter than the back, with the buff stripes wider
and laterally edged with black, while the center of the abdomen is more heavily
marked with transverse spots of black. In the narrow streaking of the head, this
form resembles X. p. lineatocephalus, but is of a much deeper, more rufous brown col-
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 283
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus crassirostris Taczanowski and
Berlepsoh*. STRONG-BILLED WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes crassirostris TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885,
p. 113 — Palmal, Rio Tumbez, Prov. El Oro, Ecuador.
Range: Southwestern Ecuador (in prov. of El Oro and Loja) and
adjacent parts of northwestern Peru (Dept. Piura).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus compressirostris Taczanowski. THIN-
BILLED WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes compressirostris TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 28 — Ray-
Urmana, above Chirimoto, and Tambillo, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 172,
1884 — part, Chirimoto and Tambillo; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12,
p. 13, 1890 — part, Peru.
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus ? (not of LESSON) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 231 — Tambillo.
oration throughout, and has a much larger, stouter bill. Wing 145-148; tail 115-
130; bill 48-52.
This is the Xiphocolaptes of the Quito region. Besides the type of X. saturates,
evidently a Quito skin, though secured by Dr. W. H. Jones at Guayaquil, I have
examined ten additional specimens from Ecuador. While there can be no
doubt as to its distinctness, this form is closely approached by certain Bogota
skins in rufous brown coloration and certainly constitutes but a strongly marked
geographical race of promeropirhynchus.
The type of X. ignotus, a mounted faded specimen, I have little doubt is merely
a bird in juvenile plumage of the same species. It agrees with the type of X. saturatus
in markings of head and rufous coloration, but owing to exposure to light, it is
much lighter everywhere, especially on rump, wings and tail, while the blackish
edges to the pale streaks underneath are broken into irregular spots, as is also the
case in the juvenile plumage of the allied species. The bill has not attained its full
length yet.
Material examined. — Pichincha 2, Quito 2, Bafios 2, Chiquinda 2, "Sarayacu" i,
"Baeza" i, "Guayaquil" i, "Ecuador" i.
8 Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus crassirostris TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH:
Most closely related to, and agreeing with X. p. procerus in blackish brown, broadly
streaked pileum, nearly white (plain) throat, postocular and subauricular stripe, and
pale olivaceous or buffy brown under parts; but bill slenderer with terminal portion
paler horn gray, streaks underneath somewhat wider, middle of abdomen and under
tail-coverts more heavily spotted with black, markings on head more whitish, less
buffy. Wing (male) 135, (female) 127; tail no; bill 49-50.
This form is quite distinct from the geographically nearest X. p. ignotus, differ-
ing by its blackish pileum with much broader buffy whitish streaks, much paler,
olive brown instead of raw umber or deep bister brown coloration, much narrower
streaking beneath without conspicuous blackish lateral borders, whitish (instead of
buff) markings on sides of head, plain white throat, smaller size, and paler bill.
Material examined. — Ecuador: Alamor, Prov. Loja i. Peru: Lajilla, Prov.
Piura i . Both in collection of American Museum of Natural History, New York.
b Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus compressirostris TACZANOWSKI: Very nearly
related to X. p. lineatocephalus of Bolivia, but throat feathers deeper buff, broadly
edged with olive brown laterally; rump suffused with olive brown instead of being
plain chestnut rufous like the tail ; bill slightly longer and paler horn gray. Similar
to X. p* phaeopygus in coloration of throat, but rump more or less mixed with
284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range: Temperate Zone of northern Peru, in depts. of Cajamarca
(Tambillo, Cutervo), Amazonas (Leimabamba), and San Martin (Mt.
Ray-Urmana, above Chirimoto, Valley of Huayabamba).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus phaeopygus Berkpsch and Stolz-
mann*. BROWN-RUMPED WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes phaeopygus BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 377 — Culumachay, Maraynioc, Peru (type examined).
Range: Temperate Zone of central Peru, in Dept. Junin (Culu-
machay, Chelpes).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus lineatocephalus (Gray)b. OLIVA-
CEOUS WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes lineatocephalus GRAY, Genera of Birds, I, pi. 43, 1847 — no locality
given; idem, Handlist Gen. & Spec. Birds, i, p. 176, 1869 — type stated to be
from Bolivia (type in British Museum examined).
Dendrocolaptes simpliciceps LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 100, 1850 —
Yungas, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined).
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus (not of LESSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873,
p. 780 — Huasampilla, Peru (spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e.,
1879, p. 622 — Tilotilo, Bolivia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 144,
1890 — part, spec, q-u, Huasampilla, Tilotilo.
Xiphocolaptes simpliciceps RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 18, 1890
(ex LAFRESNAYE) ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 112, 1906 — Yungas (crit.).
chestnut rufous, pileum conspicuously streaked with buff, bill longer and paler.
Wing (six specimens) 142-148; tail 120-130; bill 45-48.
Material examined. — Peru: Cutervo (Berlepsch Collection) i, Leimabamba
4, Huayabamba i.
a Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus phaeopygus BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: Very
similar to X. p. lineatocephalus, but pileum almost uniform (there being but a few
hair like shaft lines on the nape) ; rump brown, just a little more rufescent than the
back, only the longest upper tail-coverts dull chestnut rufous; sides of the head
heavily streaked with dusky, the buff subauricular streak being consequently oblit-
erated; throat, almost up to the chin, strongly edged with olive brown; pale streak-
ing on breast slightly narrower. Wing (male) 138, (female) 133; tail 115-120; bill
43-46.
While this form is easily separable from the Bolivian race, more material is
needed to corroborate its distinctness from compressirostris of northern Peru.
Material examined. — Peru, Junin: Culumachay i, Chelpes i.
b Most of the specimens have narrow, criniform shaft streaks on the pileum like
the Ecuadorian X. p. ignotus, though, sometimes, they are hardly apparent. The
Huasampilla bird approaches phaeopygus by having the throat more buff y and slightly
edged with brownish.
Material examined. — Bolivia : Yungas (type of D. simpliciceps) i ; San Cristobal i ;
Dept. Cochabamba, Incachaca 6, Cocapata 3, Roquefalda i, Yungas of Coch-
amba i. Peru: Huasampilla i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 285
Range: Andes of Bolivia (Cocapata, San Cristobal, Incachaca,
Roquefalda, Yungas of Cochabamba) and southeastern Peru (Hua-
sampilla, Dept. Cuzco).
Xiphocolaptes orenocensis orenocensis Berlepsch and Hartert*. ORIN-
OCAN WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes orenocensis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 65, 1902 —
Nericagua (type) and Munduapo, Rio Orinoco (spec, examined); CHERRIE,
Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 269, 1916 — same localities.
Range: Venezuela, on the upper Orinoco (Munduapo, Nericagua).
Xiphocolaptes orenocensis berlepschi Sneihlage*. BERLEPSCH'S WOOD-
HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus berlepschi SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 15,
1908 — Cachoeira, Rio Punis, Brazil (type examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, p. 339, 1914 — Cachoeira.
Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus subsp. ?, BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1896, p. 377 — La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Peru (spec, examined).
a Xiphocolaptes orenocensis orenocensis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT: Not unlike
X. p. promeropirhynchus in general coloration, notably in having the pileum black-
ish with strongly defined buff streaks; but bill very much larger (longer as well as
heavier) and pale grayish horn color instead of blackish; no plain buff subocular
stripe, this region being streaked with blackish like the auriculars; chestnut of rump,
wings and tail deeper; upper and under parts darker and less olivaceous; pale stripes
below wider. Wing 139-145; tail 121-127; bill 50-52.
X. orenocensis and its southern allies appear to be specifically distinct from
X. promeropirhynchus, though they may ultimately prove to be its representatives
in the Tropical Zone. They are, however, very little known and their proper rela-
tionship requires further investigation with the aid of more satisfactory series.
Material examined. — Venezuela: Nericagua (the type) i, Munduapo 2.
b Xiphocolaptes orenocensis berlepschi SNETHLAGE: Very nearly related to the
typical race, but breast and abdomen strongly suffused with cinnamon rufous or
Sanford's brown; middle of abdomen with but a few indistinct, or without any black-
ish transverse spots; streaks on crown more whitish, less buffy.
There is some variation in the extent and intensity of the rufous color on the
lower parts, in five skins from the Rio Punis, including the type. Three specimens
from the Tapaj6z merely differ by darker bill, slightly more spotted belly, and by
having the upper back finely streaked with buff. Birds from Peru, on the other
hand, generally have shorter bills and much less rusty suffusion beneath, approach-
ing X . o. obsoletus, from Bolivia.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
Four males from the Rio Punis 145,146,147,147 125,130,130,137 50,50,52,58
One female from the Rio Punis 138 125 52
Two males from the Rio Tapaj6z 139,140 125,125 53,55
One female from the Rio Tapaj6z 147 123 55
One male from Yahuarmayo, Peru 137 116 47
One male from Rio Tavara, Peru 143 118 48
One female from La Gloria, Peru 142 115 49
One male from Pozuzo, Peru 133 no 45
Material examined. — Brazil, Rio Punis: Cachoeira (the type) i, Nova Olinda i,
Hyutanahan 3. Rio Tapaj6z: Apacy i, Santarem i, Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem i.
Peru, Dept. Cuzco: Marcapata i, Rio Tavara i; Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno i;
La Gloria, Dept. Junin i; Pozuzo, Dept. Huanuco i.
286 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tapajoz
(Santarem, Colonia do Mojuy, Apacy) to the Punis, and eastern Peru,
in depts. of Huanuco (Pozuzo), Junin (La Gloria, Chanchamayo) ,
Cuzco Marcapata, Rio Tavara), and Puno (Yahuarmayo, Carabaya).
Xiphocolaptes orenocensis obsoletus Todd*. STEINBACH'S WOOD-
HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes obsoletus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 5, 1917 — Rio Yapa-
cani, Bolivia (type examined).
Range: Eastern Bolivia, Dept. Santa Cruz (Rio Yapacani, Cerro
Hosane).
"Xiphocolaptes major major ( Vieillof). GREAT RUFOUS WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocopus major VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 26, p. 118, 1818
— Abased on "Trepadore Grande" Azara, No. 241, Paraguay.
Dendrocolapies rubiginosus LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 2, cl. 2, pi. 16, 1833 —
"Buenos Ayres" (errore).
Dendrocolaptes major LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 103, 1850 — part,
descr. and hab. Paraguay and "Buenos Aires"; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ,
Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba.
Dendrocolaptes cyanotis (not of LiCHTENSTEiNb) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th.
Bras., 3, p. n, 1856 — part, Paraguay (excl. syn. D. fakir ostris SPIX).
Xiphocolaptes major SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., p. 71, 1868 — part, Para-
guay; SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 359 — Tucuman; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35,
p. 15, 119, 1887 — Lambare, Paraguay (spec, examined); SCLATER and HUD-
SON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 201, 1888 — part, Paraguay and Argentina; DALGLEISH,
Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 10, p. 80, 1889 — Est. Ytanu, south of Asuncidn,
Paraguay (eggs descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 145, 1890 — part,
Argentina and Paraguay, and spec, e, Tucuman; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 12, p. 16, 1890 — Paraguay and Argentina (monog.); KERR, Ibis, 1892,
p. 133 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino,
10, No. 208, p. 13, 1895 — Baranquera la Novia, Puerto Pagani, and Colonia
Risso, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — part, Tala, Salta; KERR,
Ibis, 1901, p. 226 — Conception and Paraguayan Chaco; LILLO, Anal. Mus.
''Xiphocolaptes orenocensis obsoletus TODD: Similar to X. o. berlepschi, but bill
smaller (shorter as well as slenderer); streaks on crown more deeply buff; sides of
head more heavily striped with blackish; under parts decidedly darker, about raw
umber, with narrower light streaks and very little, if any, rusty suffusion on abdom-
inal line. Wing 140-145; tail 119-124; bill 47-48.
Material examined. — Bolivia: Rio Yapacani 2, Cerro Hosane i.
b Dendrocolaptes cyanotis LICHTENSTEIN (Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the
years 1818-19, P- 201, 1820; I.e. for 1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — based on "Le Grand
Grimpar" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 66, pi. 25, 1807 — "Bresil") appears
to me absolutely unidentifiable.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 287
Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tafi Viejo, Tapia, and Vipos, Tucumdn;
idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 54, 1905 — same localities; BAER, Ornis, 12,
p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana and Tapia, Tucumdn; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata,
ii, p. 255, 1904 — Rosario, Salta; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18,
p. 306, 1910 — part, excl. Jujuy; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 250, 1907 —
part, Santiago del Estero; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 532 — Sapucay; GRANT, I.e.,
IQII, p. 134 — Puerto San Juan and Villa Pilar, Paraguay.
Xiphocolaptes major major HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 218, 1909
— Tapia (Tucumdn), Ocampo (Santa F6); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B.
Aires, 23, p. 317, 1912 — Carayau, Paraguay (crit.).
Range: Paraguay and northern Argentina, from prov. of Santa
F6, Chaco and Formosa west to Cordoba, Tucumdn, Santiago del
Estero, and Salta.
4: Argentina, Prov. Tucuman (Leales i, Trancas 2, Tucuman
City i).
Xiphocolaptes major castaneus Ridgway*. GREAT CHESTNUT WOOD-
HEWER.
Xiphocolaptes major castaneus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889",
p. 1 6, Feb. 1890 — Piedra Blanca, eastern Bolivia (type examined); ALLEN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 114, 1893 — Piedra Blanca; HARTERT and VEN-
TURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 219, 1909 — Rio San Francisco, Jujuy; DABBENE,
a Xiphocolaptes major castaneus RIDGWAY : Similar to X . m. major, but pileum
decidedly darker, russet brown or dusky brown (instead of buffy brown) ; chestnut
of upper parts on average deeper, and lower surface also somewhat darker, more
rusty cinnamon.
The darker head is the only constant character of this form, and yet one of two
adult males from Retire, Matto Grosso (Vienna Museum, No. 16010, October 4,
1825, J. Natterer) is just as light crowned as Paraguayan examples (X. m. major).
The other points of distinction claimed by Mr. Ridgway do not hold good, being ex-
ceedingly variable in different individuals. The color of the throat, in the series
from Matto Grosso, varies from whitish to dark rusty brown, while, both in Para-
guay and Matto Grosso, birds with plain belly, and others with distinct blackish
transverse spots or bars along the abdominal line are found.
Five skins from Urucum which formed the basis of X. major saturatus CHERRIE.
while somewhat darker than all the rest from Matto Grosso, are precisely matched
by an example from Embarcaci6n, Dept. Oran, Salta (American Museum Nat.
History, New York, No. 141298). The type of X. m. castaneus, from Piedra Blanca,
and one of the males from Retiro also approach them closely in intensity of upper
parts, though below they are appreciably lighter. I cannot see anything but indi-
vidual variation in this divergency, considering the fact that the type localities of
X. m. castaneus (Piedra Blanca) and X. m. saturatus (Urucum) are but a few miles
apart.
Material examined. — X. major major. — Paraguay: Bernalcue" (near Asunci6n) 6,
Lambare' i, Conception 2, Fort Wheeler 6. Argentina, Terr, del Chaco: General
Pinedo i, A via Terai i. Prov. Tucumdn: Santa Ana i, Leales 2, Trancas 2, Tucu-
mdn City 2. Santiago del Estero: Suncho Corral i.
X. major castaneus. — Brazil, Matto Grosso: Cuyabd i, Engenho do Pan i,
Barra do Jauru i, Caicara 2, Retiro 2, Descalvados i, Urucum 5, unspecified i.
Bolivia: Piedra Blanca i. Argentina, Prov. Salta, Dept. Ordn: Embarcaci6n i.
288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 318, 1912 — Bolivia (crit.); LIMA, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 12 (2), p. 94, 1920 — Matto Grosso.
Xiphocolaptes major saturatus (not of RIDGWAY 1890) CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 35, p. 187, 1916 — Urucum, near Corumba, Matto Grosso (type ex-
amined).
Xiphocolaptes major obscurus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 5, 1917 — new
name for X. major saturatus CHERRIE, preoccupied.
Dendrocolaptes major (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.,
2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. n, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia; LAFRESNAYE, Rev.
Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 103, 1850 — part, spec, ex Bolivia et Rio Mandigo, Matto
Grosso.
Dendrocolaptes cyanotis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th.
Bras., 3, p. n, 1856 — part, Bolivia.
Xiphocolaptes major PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Cuyabd, Engenho do
Pari, Caicara, Barra do Jaurti, and Retiro, Matto Grosso (spec, examined) ;
SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., p. 71, pi. 36, 1868 — part, Bolivia; idem,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 622 — Chiquitos, Bolivia; WHITE, I.e., 1882, p. 613 —
Campo Colorado, Oran, Salta; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 145, 1890
—part, spec, a-d, Bolivia; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292,
p. 21, 1897 — part, San Lorenzo (Jujuy), San Francisco and Caiza (Bolivia);
L6NNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 469 — Tatarenda, Bolivian Chaco.
Xiphocolaptes castaneus SALVADOR:, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 8,
1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso.
Range: Western Brazil (in State of Matto Grosso), eastern Bolivia,
and adjoining parts of the Argentine provinces of Jujuy (San Lorenzo,
Rio San Francisco) and Salta (Dept. Oran).
Genus DENDROPLEX Swainson.
Dendroplex SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 354, 1827 (generic characters only);
idem, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 314, 1837 — type Oriolus picus GMELIN*.
*Dendroplex picus picus (Gmelin). PICINE WOOD-HEWER.
Oriolus picus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (i), p. 384, 1788 — based on "Le Talapiot"
DAUBENTON, PI. enl. 605, Cayenne.
Gracula picoides SHAW, Gen. Zool., 7 (2), p. 476, 1809 — new name for Oriolus
picus GMELIN.
Dendrocopus rectirostris VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 26, p. 119,
1818 — new name for Oriolus picus GMELIN.
a Diagnosis and outline of bill (fig. 28ie, p. 313) correspond to the characters of
Oriolus picus, although the only species mentioned, D. guttatus SPIX, Av. Bras., I,
§1. 91, fig. i, belongs to the genus Xiphorhynchus SWAINSON ( = Dendrornis EYTON).
wainson obviously followed LESSON (Traite' d'Orn., p. 313) in misidentifying Spix's
plate with Oriolus picus which, I believe, has to be regarded as genotype of Den-
droplex, being the only species, known at that time, answering to the generic char-
acters. See also GRAY, List Genera Birds, 1840, p. 17, and LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag.
Zool., (2) 2, 1850, p. 595.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 289
Dendrocolaptes chrysolopus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the
years 1818-19, p. 203, 209, 1820 — no locality given, but apparently Prov.
Bahia" (=juv.).
Dendroplex picus bahiae BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64, p. 369,
1921 — Bahia.
Dendrocolaptes picus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for 1818-19, p. 203,
1820 (diag.); idem, I.e. for 1820-21, p. 265, 1822 — Prov. Bahia (synon.);
idem, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 16, 1823 — Bahia; WIED, Beitr. Naturg.
Bras., 3 (2), p. 1134, 1831 — eastern Brazil.
Dendroplex picus CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 690, 1848
— British Guiana; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2> 2, p. 595, 1850 — Cay-
enne, Brazil (monog.); BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 18, 1856
(descr., range); BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 35, 1857—
Cayenne; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 46, 1868 — part, Rio dos Piloens, Ara-
guay (Goyaz), Barcellos, Forte do Rio Branco, Obidos, Cajutuba, Pard (spec,
examined); idem, Ibis, 1873, p. no — Cayenne; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1867, p. 575 — Pard; LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 386 — Pard; SALVIN, I.e.,
1885, P- 422 — British Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 138, 1890
— part, spec, a-j, Bahia, "Rio Claro, Goyaz", Pernambuco, Mexiana, Para;
RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 27, 1891 — Santarem; BERLEPSCH and HART-
ERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 65, 1902 — Perico, Maipures, R. Orinoco (spec, exam-
ined); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 179, 1904 — Mahury, Sinnamary,
Kourou, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 525, 1906 — Para,
Maraj6, Rio Moju, Monte Alegre; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc.
Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 108, 1906 — part, spec, e-h, Rexe (Goyaz), Mahury,
Kourou, Cayenne (French Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 16, 1907
— Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 249, 1907 — Bahia,
Santarem; HAGMANN, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 26, p. 33, 1907 — Mexiana; HELL-
MAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 65, 1908 — Rio Araguaya and Rio Thesouras, Goyaz;
BERLEPSCH, I.e., p. 148, 1908 — Cayenne, Approuague, French Guiana; SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 508, 1908 — Goyana, Tapaj6z; idem, I.e., p. 530,
1908 — Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — Cabula (Bahia), Piranha, Parnagud, Santa
Philomena, Therezina, Sao Goncalinho, Riacho da Raiz, near Uniao, Piauhy;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 337, 1914 — part, Para, Ilha das Oncas,
Capanema, Quati-puni, Rio Guamd, Rio Moju, Tocantins (Arumatheua),
Cussary, Tamucury, Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Goyana), Maraj6, Mexiana, Monte
Alegre, Rio Maecuni, Rio Jamundd (Faro); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2,
p. 124, 1921 — numerous localities.
Dendroplex picus picus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 327, 1910 (range); idem,
Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No.2, p. 39, 91, 1912 — Ipitinga,
Rio Acard, and Pard localities; idem, I.e., p. 113, 120, 1912 — Isl. Mexiana;
CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 268, 1916 — Perico and Ciudad
Bolivar, Rio Orinoco; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 88, 1916 — Utinga,
Pard; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 422, 1917 — Villavicencio,
Colombia; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 —
•See LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for 1820-21, p. 265, 1822.
2QO FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Paramaribo, Surinam; idem, I.e., 64, p. 366, 1921 — Paramaribo (Surinam),
Annai (Brit. Guiana) (crit.).
Dendroplex picirostris (not of LAFRESNAYE) BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, p. 65, 1902 — part, Ciudad Bolivar (spec, examined).
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; northern and eastern
Brazil, north of the Amazon from Mexiana and Maraj6 west to the
Rio Negro (Barcellos), south of the river west to the Tapajoz, and as
far south as northern Goyaz and Bahia; Venezuela, in the Orinoco Val-
ley (from Las Barrancas up to San Fernando de Atabapo) ; eastern Col-
ombia (Villavicencio)*.
15: Surinam (Paramaribo i); British Guiana (Hyde Park, Demer-
ara River 2); Brazil (Itacoatiara i, lower Rio Branco i, Conceicao i,
Boa Vista i, Serra da Lua i; Maranhao, Cururupu i, Sao Luiz i, Sao
Bento i, Rosario i, Codo i; Arara, Piauhy i; Sao Amaro, Bahia i).
*Dendroplex picus saturatior subsp. nov.b. ENCONTRADOS WOOD-
HEWER.
Range: Heavily forested region south of Lake Maracaibo, in south-
ern portion of State of Zulia, Venezuela, and adjacent districts of San-
tander, Colombia.
9: Venezuela, Zulia (Encontrados 5, Catatumbo River i, Santa
Elena, Rio Guachi i); Colombia, Santander (El Guayabal, ten miles
north of San Jose* de Cucuta 2).
B Birds from eastern Brazil (Pard to Bahia) average more rufescent underneath,
but there is much individual variation, and so many specimens are indistinguishable
from those of Guiana that I do not see any practical advantage in recognizing D. p.
bahiae. Certain examples from Guiana and the Rio Branco are conspicuous by their
very rufous coloration and can hardly be separated from the upper Amazonian
D. p. kienerii.
Material examined. — French Guiana 9, Dutch Guiana 7, British Guiana 2.
Venezuela, Rio Orinoco: Las Barrancas 6, Ciudad Bolivar 6, Agua Salada de Ciu-
dad Bolivar 3, Maipures 2, Perico 6, Munduapo i. Brazil: Rio Branco 5, Barcellos,
Rio Negro i, Obidos i, Itacoatiard i, Para district 5, Mexiana 8, Maranhao 5,
Bahia 12.
b Dendroplex picus saturatior subsp. nov.
Type from Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela, in Field Museum of Natural History,
No. 34011. Adult male. February 26, 1908. N. Dearborn.
Similar to, and agreeing with D. p. picus in narrow, dusky edged superciliaries,
streaked cheeks and auriculars, and squamulated malar region and throat ; but breast
and abdomen very much darker, varying from Brussels brown to deep cinnamon
brown (instead of being Dresden brown). The back, too, is generally darker, more
of an auburn or chestnut tinge, while the light spots underneath are more confined
to the breast. Wing (male) 98-104, (female) 92-98; tail 82-89; bill 27-30.
This saturated race replaces the well known D. p. picus in the humid Tropical
Zone at the northern base of the Andes south of Lake Maracaibo. Two skins from
El Guayabal are perfectly identical with the Venezuelan ones. D. p. saturatior is
obviously specifically distinct from D. p. picirostris, found in the semi-arid littoral
of northern Zulia, around the city of Maracaibo and on the opposite shore of the
lake on the Rio Aurare, back of Altagracia.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 291
Dendroplex picus altirostris (Leotaud)*. TRINIDAD WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes altirostris LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 166, 1866 — Trinidad (type
now in Mus. Comp Zool. Cambridge examined) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 6, p. 48, 1894 — Trinidad (ex LEOTAUD); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,
p. 69, 1906 — Trinidad (ex LEOTAUD).
Dendroplex picus altirostris BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64,
p. 367, 1921 — Trinidad (crit. note on type).
Range : Island of Trinidadb.
*Dendroplex picus kienerii (DesMurs)*. KIENER'S WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis kienerii DESMURS in Castelnau, Expe'd. AmeY. Sud, Oiseaux, livr.
18, p. 45, pi. 14, fig. i, June 1856 — Ega, Rio Solimoes (type in Paris Museum
examined); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 169, 1890 (ex DESMURS).
Dendrocolaptes rectirostris (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn.
Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 12, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (spec, in Paris
Museum examined).
Dendroplex picus (not of BODDAERT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 46, 1868 — part,
Cuyaba, Villa Maria ( = Sao Luiz de Caceres), Caicara, Engenho do Gama,
Matto Grosso, Sao Vicente, Rio Guapore, Salto Theotonio, Borba, Rio
Madeira (spec, in Vienna Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
I5> P- 138, 1890 — part, spec, k, 1, Amazons and Bolivia; MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 108, 1906 — part, spec, a-d,
Ega, Sarayacu, Chiquitos, Pebas (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 366,
1907 — Borba; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 337, 1914 — part, Monte
Verde, Rio Punis.
Dendroplex picus kienerii SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Monte Verde,
Rio Punis (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 327, 1910 — Cal-
ama, Rio Madeira (crit., range); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
64, p. 369, 1921 — Upper Amazon (crit.).
Range: Western Brazil, from the Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama,
Salta Theotonio) westwards, north to the Solimoes (Ega = Teffe*), south
"• Dendroplex picus altirostris (LEOTAUD) : Closely similar to D. p. picus, but larger,
approaching D. p. kienerii in size; light spots on under parts larger, more strongly
defined, and extending down to anal region; bill much larger and heavier, with the
culmen on apical portion more curved. Wing (two specimens) 108-111; tail 83-90;
bill 31-35-
Only known from three specimens in the Lafresnaye collection, now in the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
b Dendrocolaptes picus, mentioned by LEOTAUD (Ois. Trinidad, p. 164) as com-
mon in the mangrove swamps of Trinidad, is probably also referable to altirostris.
° Dendroplex picus kienerii (DESMURS) : Similar to D. p. picus, but decidedly
larger, with heavier, paler bill; under parts much more tawny. Wing (of male) 100-
114; tail 88-104; bill 26-30.
Material examined. — Brazil: Ega [ = Teff£] i (the type); Monte Verde, Rio
Purus i ; Rio Madeira, Calama 6, Borba 4, Salto Thetonio i ; Matto Grosso, Rio
Guapor6 i, Sao Vicente i, Sao Luis de Caceres 2, Villa Bella i, Cuyaba i. Bolivia:
Chiquitos i, Buenavista i. Peru: Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali i, Moyobamba i, Pebas i.
292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
to Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Sao Luis de Caceres, Caicara, Villa Bella de
Matto Grosso, Rio Guapore) ; eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos) ; eastern Peru
(Sarayacu, R. Ucayali; Moyobamba; Pebas).
2: Peru (Moyobamba i); Bolivia (Buenavista i).
*Dendroplex picirostrisa picirostris Lafresnaye. PLAIN-THROATED
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendroplex picirostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zoo]., 10, p. 76, 1847 — Rio Hacha, Col-
ombia (type examined); DssMuRS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 9, pi. 51, 1847 —
Rio Hacha (figure of type); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 596
(monog.) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 167 — Pilar, Bermudez;
I.e., p. 627 — San Esteban; WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 115, 331— Santa Marta;
SALVIN and GODMAN, I.e., 1880, p. 171 — Santa Marta; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 139, 1890 — part, spec, a-g, Santa Marta, Bogota, Cumana,
San Esteban, Nueva Andalusia; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 138,
1898 — Santa Marta; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14,
No. 339, p. 7, 1899 — Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1899, p. 51 (note on type), 306 — Ambalema, above Honda, Magda-
lena Valley; ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 274,
1901 — San Julian; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 65, 1902 —
part, Altagracia, Caicara, R. Orinoco; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13,
P- *57, 1900 — Bonda; idem, I.e., 21, p. 288, 1905 — Bonda (nest and eggs
descr.) ; LOWE, Ibis, 1909, p. 322 — Cariaco Peninsula; HELLMAYR and SEIL-
ERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 165, 1912 — San Esteban; STONE, Proc.
Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 203, 1913 — Jocopita, Manimo River, Orinoco
Delta; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 268, 1916 — [Ciudad
Bolivar, errore], Altagracia, Caicara, R. Orinoco (nest and eggs descr.).
Dendroplex picus picirostris CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 422, 1917
— Turbaco, Rio Atrato; La Playa, MaganguS, Banco, Puerto Berrio, Malena,
Honda, Chicoral, Magdalena River; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 64, p. 370, 1921 — Rio Hacha and near Santa Marta (crit.).
a Dendroplex picirostris, in spite of its general similarity, is probably specifically
distinct from D. picus, as results from a study of their respective ranges. Both
D. picus picus and D. picirostris picirostris are found along the banks of the Orinoco
River, although the latter appears to prefer more open, semi-arid country.
D. picirostris differs from its ally by much wider and nearly plain buffy white
superciliaries, unstreaked sides of the head, unmarked buff or white throat and fore-
neck, broader, rhomboid rather than oval spots on the breast, larger spots on crown,
and more chestnut rufous (less brownish) back.
Birds from the Orinoco Valley and the north coast of Venezuela are precisely simi-
lar to the type and specimens from Santa Marta. The few examples seen from the
Magdalena Valley, Carthagena, and lower Atrato do not appear to be separable
either. Twelve examples from Bermudez (Plains of Cumana 10, Gulf of Cariaco i,
Laguna Grande del Obispo i) are also referable to picirostris, though two closely
approach longirostris in coloring of back and under parts.
Material examined. — Colombia: Carthagena i, Rio Atrato i, Puerto Berrio i,
"Bogota" 5, Santa Marta 3, Rio Hacha 3. Venezuela: Maracaibo i, Rio Aurare i,
Puerto Cabello 2, Rio Orinoco 26 (Altagracia 17, Quiribana de Caicara i, Caicara 8),
San Fernando, Rio Apure 2; Bermudez 12.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 293
Dendroplex picirostris picirostris TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
p. 280, 1922 — Tururinca, Bonda, Mamatoco, Gaira, Fundaci6n, Punto Cai-
man, Dibulla, Santa Marta.
(?) Dendroplex picus (picirostris'}') HALLINAN, Auk, 41, p. 319, 1924 — Rio San
Juan Diaz, Panama (only seen).
Range: Semi-arid districts of Colombia (Rio Atrato; Turbaco, Car-
thagena; Santa Marta region; Magdalena Valley up to Honda and Chi-
coral; Rio Hacha, Goajira) and northern Venezuela (Maracaibo and
Rio Aurare, near Altagracia, Zulia; Puerto Cabello, Carabobo; San
Julian, Miranda; Bermudez), south to the Orinoco Valley (Jocopita,
Manimo River; Altagracia, Caicara; San Fernando, Rio Apure).
7: Colombia (Carthagena i, Atrato River i, Puerto Berrio, Mag-
dalena River i); Venezuela (Maracaibo i, Rio Aurare i, Puerto Ca-
bello i).
*Dendroplex picirostris longirostris Richmond*. LONG-BILLED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendroplex longirostris RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 674, Aug. 1896
— Margarita Isl.; CLARK, Auk, 19, p. 264, 1902 — Margarita Isl.; LOWE, Ibis,
1907, p. 561 — Margarita Isl.; CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser.,
i, p. 247, 1909 — Margarita Isl.
Dendroplex picirostris (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1868, p. 167 — Pilar, Bermudez; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 139, 1890
— part, spec, e, g, Cumana and Nueva Andalusia.
Dendroplex picus longirostris BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64,
P- 37i> 1921 — Margarita Isl. (crit.).
Range : Margarita Island, off Venezuela.
10 : Margarita Isl. 10.
Genus XIPHORHYNCHUS Swainson.
Xiphorhynchus SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., i, p. 440, June 1827 — type by mono-
typy Xiphorhynchus flavigaster SwAiNSONb.
Picolaptes LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — type by subs, desig.
(GRAY, 1840, p. 18) Picolaptes spixii LESSON.
Dendrornis EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1852, p. 23 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY,
1855) Dendrocolaptes susurrans JARDINE.
8 Dendroplex picirostris longirostris RICHMOND: Very similar to D. p. picirostris,
but larger with heavier bill; pectoral spots larger; abdomen darker brown and less
rufescent; back, wings and tail deeper chestnut rufous. Wing (male) 105-108,
(female) 100-103; tail 85-92; bill 29-32.
b See OBERHOLSER, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 62, 1905.
294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatus (Lichtenstein) . BUFF-THROATED
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes guttatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Ak. Wiss. for 1818-19,
p. 201, 1820; I.e., for 1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — "in Brasiliae provincia Bahia";
idem, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 17, 1823 — Bahia; BURMEISTER, Syst.
Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 12, 1856 — Bahia.
Nasica guttatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 385, 1850 — Brazil.
Dendrornis guttata PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — Bahia and Rio de Jan-
eiro (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 128, 1890 — part,
spec, a-c, Bahia, Brazil; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 185, 1890 — Bahia (monog.).
Dendrornis guttata guttata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 98, 1906 — Bahia.
Xiphorhynchus guttatus LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilh6os —
Belmonte, Bahia.
Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Rio
de Janeiro*.
*Xiphorhynchus guttatus d'orbignyanus (Lafresnaye)b. D'ORBIGNY'S
WOOD-HEWER.
Nasica Dorbignyanus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 420, 1850 — Guar-
ayos and Chiquitos, Bolivia (types in Paris Museum examined).
Xiphorhynchus guttata rimarum CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 35, p. 391,
1916 — mouth of Rio San Antonio in Rio Espirito Santo, Bolivia (type ex-
amined).
Dendrocolaptes guttatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY,
Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 10 — Guarayos, Bolivia.
Dendrornis rostripallens (not of DESMURS) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., I, p. 45, 1868
— part, Villa Maria [ = San Luiz de Caceres], Engenho do Gama, Das Pedras,
Sangrador, and Alecrim, Matto Grosso (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. 15, p. 129, 1890 — part, spec, r, s, Bolivia.
Dendrornis guttata SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 622 — Guanai,
Bolivia (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 128, 1890 —
part, spec, g, Guanai.
a Material examined. — Bahia 14, Rio de Janeiro i.
b Xiphorhynchus guttatus d'orbignyanus (LAFRESNAYE) principally differs from
X. g. guttatus by whitish maxilla, unstreaked back (only the uppermost portion ad-
joining the hindneck with a few hairlike buff streaks), and by the dusky lateral edges
to the buff stripes on the under parts being either absent or but faintly suggested.
Birds from the northern slopes of the Sierra of Cochabamba (rimarum) appear
to be absolutely identical with those from Santa Cruz and Chiquitos. Specimens from
Brazil are larger and more tinged with rusty underneath, while the pileum is, as a
rule, less dusky. There is, however, much individual variation.
Material examined. — Bolivia: Chiquitos i, Guarayos i, Santa Cruz 2, Guanai i,
Todos Santos 2, Rip San Mateo 5, Buenavista 5. Brazil, Matto Grosso: Engenho do
Gama 3, Villa Maria 4, Das Pedras i, Sangrador 2, Tapirapoan i, Urucum 2, Cha-
pada i, Descalvados i; Goyaz, Rio Araguaya i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 295
Dendrornis d1 orbignyanus ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 182, 1890 — Guarayos and Chiquitos
(Bolivia), Matto Grosso (Brazil); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 123,
1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso.
Dendrornis guttata dorbignyana MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 98, 1906 — Chiquitos, Guarayos (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 64, 1908 — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz (crit.).
Xiphorhynchus guttata dorbignyeana LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 93, 1920
— Matto Grosso.
Range : Bolivia, north and east of the Andes, in depts. Cochabamba
(San Mateo, Todos Santos, Rio Chapare", Rio San Antonio) and Santa
Cruz (Guarayos, Buenavista, Santa Cruz, Chiquitos), and interior of
Brazil (Matto Grosso and Goyaz, east to the Rio Araguaya).
4: Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio Chapare i, Buenavista 2, Santa
Cruz i).
*Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatoides (Lafresnaye}*. SPOTTED WOOD-
HEWER.
Nasica guttatoides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 387, 1850 — Loretto,
Rio Maranon, Peru, and Colombia = Bogota (=juv.)b.
Picolaptes subguttatus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae,
p. 187, 1853 — new name for Nasica guttatoides LAFRESNAYE.
Dendrornis rostripallens DESMURS in Castelnau, Exped. AmeY. Sud, Ois., livr.
a Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatoides (LAFRESNAYE) : Agrees with X. g. d' orbigny-
anus in pale coloration of maxilla, but the upper back is marked with large, buff,
longitudinal spots, laterally edged with blackish, while the buff markings on the
chest are also distinctly margined with blackish.
Birds from Colombia (Rio Putumayo), Rio Negro (Marabitanas), Ecuador, and
Teff6 are identical with a series from Peru, and eight specimens from the left bank of
the Rio Madeira (Humaytha, Marmellos) do not differ either. A single adult male
from Nericagua (upper Orinoco, Venezuela), although identified as sororia by Ber-
lepsch and Hartert, I unhestitatingly refer to the present form. Specimens from the
right bank of the upper Rio Madeira (Salto Theotonio, Calama, Allianca) and north-
ern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt) form the transition to X. g. eytoni, found lower
down on the Madeira River (at Borba), as far as coloration is concerned, but in
shape and color of bill they more nearly agree with guttatoides.
Material examined. — Venezuela: Nericagua, R. Orinoco i. Colombia: "Bogota"
7, Cuembi, Rio Putumayo 2. Ecuador: Sarayacu i, Rio Napo 3. Peru: Pebas 12,
Cavallo-Coche i, Iquitos i, Lagunas i, Yahuarmayo 3. Brazil: Marabitanas 3,
Teffe1 2, Rio Jurua i; Rio Madeira, Humaytha 3, Marmellos 5, Salto Theotonio i,
Calama 4, Allianca i ; Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso 2.
b While there can be no question that the Loretto example, examined in the Paris
Museum, is but a young individual, with undeveloped (short, blackish brown) bill,
of the species described by DesMurs from the same region as D. rostripallens, I am
now a little doubtful about the "Bogota" skins. Only two out of seven have the
long pale bill of rostripallens, while in all the others the maxilla is more or less dusky
brown or blackish, which may possible indicate intergradation with X. g. sororius.
Whether the Loretto bird of the Paris Museum or the Bogota skin in the Lafres-
naye Collection has a better claim to be considered the type of N. guttatoides is very
hard to decide.
296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
18, p. 45, pi. 12, fig. 2, June 1856 — "le Haut Amazone" (types from Pebas,
Peru examined in Paris Museum; = adult); SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds,
p. 164, 1862 — Rio Napo and Ega; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — part,
Marabitanas, Rio Negro (spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Sarayacu, R. Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 271 —
Sarayacu; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Pe"r.,
2, p. 176, 1884 — Sarayacu, Elvira, Pebas, Yurimaguas, Monterico, Peru;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 129, 1890 — part, spec, c-q, Ega, Nauta,
Iquitos, Samiria, Sarayacu (Peru), Sarayacu and Rio Napo (Ecuador),
Bogota; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 184, 1890 — part, Colombia and Sarayacu, Ecua-
dor (monog.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 376 —
La Merced, Peru; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 437, 1905 — Rio Jurud
(spec, examined); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Cachoeira, Bom
Lugar, Ponto Alegre, and Monte Verde, Rio Purtis.
Dendrornis guttatoides DEsMuRS in Castelnau, Exp6d. Amer. Sud, Ois., livr. 18,
P- 43i pl- *3» fig- 2, 1856 — Loretto, Peru; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 186, 1890 —
Colombia (crit.).
Dendrornis guttata (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, p. in,
1854 — Quijos, Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1874, p. 529 — Monterico.
Dendrornis pallidirostris (LAFRESNAYE MS.) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 63,
1858 — Rio Napo.
Dendrornis eytoni (not of SCLATER) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — part,
Salto Theotonio, upper Rio Madeira (spec, examined).
Dendrornis rostripattens sororia BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 63,
1902 — part, Nericagua, R. Orinoco (spec, examined).
Dendrornis guttata guttatoides MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 99, 1906 — Pebas, Cavallo-Coche, Peru (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F.
Braz., i, p. 248, 1907 — Rio Jurua; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 59, 1907 —
Teffe\ Rio Solimoes (range); idem, I.e., 14, p. 465, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio
Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 324, 1910 — Marmellos, Calama, and Allianca, Rio
Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 434, 1914 — Rio Punis.
Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatoides CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
p. 266, 1916 — foot of Mount Duida, Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 419, 1917 — Florencia, Caqueta region; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg.,
85, A, Heft 10, p. 77, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno, Peru.
Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Cuembi,
Rio Putumayo; Florencia, Rio Caqueta) and southern Venezuela (Neri-
cagua, and foot of Mount Duida, upper Orinoco) through eastern Ecua-
dor to Peru, and western Brazil east to the Rio Madeira.
i: Peru (Lagunas, lower Huallaga i).
*Xiphorhynchus guttatus eytoni (Sclater). EYTON'S WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes eytoni SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 21, "1853", p. 69, pl. 57, July
1854 — Rio Capim, near Para.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 297
Dendrornis eytoni SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 — Pard;
PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — part, Para and Borba, Rio Madeira
(spec, examined); LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 — Para; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 129, 1890 — Rio Capim, Para, Santarem, Borba; ELLIOT, Auk,
7, p. 182, 1890 — Capim, Para, Santarem (monog.); RIKER and CHAPMAN,
I.e., 8, p. 27, 1891 — Diamantina, near Santarem; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12,
p. 283, 1905 — Igarape'-Assti; idem, I.e., 13, p. 366, 1906 — San Antonio do
Prata; idem, I.e., 14, p. 16, 1907 — Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z; SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Pard, Rio Guamd, Marajd; idem, I.e., 56, p. 507,
1908 — Ilha do Coatd and Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, p. 335, 1914 — Pard, Mocajatuba, Capanema, S. Antonio do Prata, Ourem
(Rio Guamd), Rio Tocantins, Rio Xingu, Rio Curua, Rio Tapajdz, Maraj6
(Santa Ana).
Dendrornis guttata eytoni HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 366, 1907 — Borba; idem,
I.e., 17, p. 324, 1910 — Borba.
Xiphorhynchus guttatus eytoni HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak.
Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 38, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga (Pard localities); BEEBE,
Zoologica, (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 87, 1916 — Utinga, Pard.
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from western Mar-
anhao west to Borba, right bank of lower Rio Madeira*.
4: Brazil, Maranhao (Tury-Assu 3, Grajahu i).
"Xiphorhynchus guttatus sororius (Berlepsch and Harteri)b. ORINOCO
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis rostripallens sororia BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 63,
1902 — part, Maipures (type), Perico, Quiribana de Caicara, Bichaco, and
Munduapo, Rio Orinoco; Suapure and La Pricion, Caura (spec, examined);
MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 — Ouanary, French Guiana.
Dendrocolaptes guttatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen
Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 690, 1848 — British Guiana.
Dendrornis rostripallens (not of DESMURS) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868
— part, Barra do Rio Negro [ = Mandos]; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 129, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Oyapock (Cayenne), Barra do Rio Negro.
Dendrornis guttatoides (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds,
p. 164, 1862 — Cayenne; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 422 — Bartica Grove; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 128, 1890 — Cayenne, Bartica Grove.
a Material examined. — Maranhao 4. Pard: Pard i, Benevides i, Igarape'-Assu 2, S.
Antonio 2, Peixe-Boi 2, Ipitinga i. Rio Tapajdz: Itaituba i, Villa Braga i . Rio Ma-
deira: Borba 8.
b Xiphorhynchus guttatus sororius (BERLEPSCH and HARTERT): Nearly allied to
X. g. guttatoides, but maxilla dusky or blackish brown; under parts less rusty, with
the blackish lateral edges to the ochraceous buff markings much more pronounced.
Material examined. — Venezuela, Rio Orinoco: Quiribana de Caicara 2, Perico 6,
Bichaco i, Maipures 4 (including the type), Munduapo 3; Caura River, La Pricion 3,
Suapure i . British Guiana : Quon ja i , Demerara i , Mazaruni i . Dutch Guiana :
Paramaribo 2. Brazil: Rio Branco 4, Obidos i.
298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrornis guttata sororia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 31, 1907 — Obidos;
idem, I.e., 14, p. 59, 1907 (range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 334,
1914 — Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro).
Dendrornis guttatoides sororia BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 148, 1908 — Cayenne.
Xiphorhynchus guttatus sororia CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 266,
1916 — Orinoco River from Quiribana de Caicara to Munduapo, Maripa and
La Union, Caura River.
Xiphorhynchus guttatus sororius BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo]., 62,
p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Lelydorp, and Javaweg, Surinam.
Xiphorhynchus sororius CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 121, 1921 — British
Guiana (numerous localities).
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela
(Caura and Orinoco Valley as far up as Munduapo) ; northern Brazil,
south to the north bank of the Amazon (Obidos, Faro, Mandos).
7: British Guiana (Hyde Park, Demerara R. i, Mazaruni River i);
Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo i); Brazil, Rio Branco (Conceicao i, base
of Serra da Lua, near Boavista 2, lower Rio Branco i).
*Xiphorhynchus guttatus demonstrates Hartert and Goodson*. SAN
ESTEBAN WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphorhynchus nanus demonstratus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 419,
1917 — San Esteban Valley, Venezuela.
Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1868, p. 627 — San Esteban; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 252 — Guacara, Lake Valen-
cia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, v, w, y, Puerto
Cabello, San Esteban and Caracas (spec, examined).
Xiphorhynchus guttatus nanus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. no, 1912 — San Esteban, Las Quiguas, Cumbre de Valencia, Cara-
bobo.
Range : Northwestern Venezuela, in Dept. Federal Occidental (Car-
acas, Loma Redonda), and in states of Carabobo, Aragua, Lara, Me"r-
ida, Tachira, and Zulia (Orope).
4: Venezuela (Orope, Zulia 3, Colon, Tachira i).
Xiphorhynchus guttatus rosenbergi Bangs*. ROSENBERG'S WOOD-
HEWER.
• Xiphorhynchus guttatus demonstratus HARTERT and GOODSON, is exceedingly
close to X. g. nanus. In fact, the only difference I can find is the slightly more rusty
tinge of the under surface, and even this is far from being constant. I am very
doubtful about its distinctness.
Material examined. — Venezuela: Caracas i, Lpma Redonda i, San Esteban i,
Puerto Cabello i, Las Quiguas 4, Cumbre de Valencia 4, Valencia i, Duaca, Tocuyo i,
Mt. Bucarito i ; Merida, Upper wood region i, Ejido i, Lagunillas i ; Tachira, Colon i ;
Orope, Zulia 3.
b Xiphorhynchus guttatus rosenbergi BANGS: Nearly allied to X. g. nanus, but
stripes on under parts wider and much more heavily margined with black laterally.
Five specimens (including the type) from the Cauca Valley examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 299
Xiphorhynchus rosenbergi BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, p. 72, 1910 —
Guabinas, Rio Cauca (type examined); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool.,
24, p. 419, 1917 — Rio Cauca (crit.).
Xiphorhynchus nanus nanus (not of LAWRENCE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 421, 1917 — part, Rio Frio and Manuelita, Rio Cauca; (?) Atrato
River.
Range: Western Colombia (Cauca Valley).
*Xiphorhynchus guttatus nanus (Lawrence). LAWRENCE'S WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrornis nana LAWRENCE, Ibis, 5, p. 181, 1863 — Isthmus of Panama; idem,
Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 4, 482, 1863 — Panama; SCLATER and SAL-
VIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 355 — Lion Hill (crit.); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 174,
1890 — part, Panama and Colombia; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Amer-
ic., Aves, 2, p. 180, 1891 — part, Lion Hill, San Pablo Station, and Panama;
BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 25, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama;
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 157, 1900 — Cacagualito, Santa Marta
district.
Dendrornis lawrencei RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 509, Aug. 1888 —
Panama.
Dendrornis guttatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1860, p. 193 — Rio Truando.
Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 171 —
Minca, Santa Marta district; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890
— part, spec, g-u, San Pablo Station, Paraiso, Panama, Minca.
Dendrornis nana nana BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 151, 1903 — Panama
(diag.).
Xiphorhynchus nanus nanus THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46,
p. 217, 1906 — Savanna of Panama; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 250, 1911 — eastern Panama and Colombia (excl. Rio Lima); CHAP-
MAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 421, 1917 — part, Puerto Berrio, Opon,
and Honda, Magdalena Valley; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 263,
I9jg — Gatun, Canal Zone; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
6s, p- 211, 1922 — Jesusito, Darien; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 278, 1922 — Don Diego, Trojas de Cataca, Fundaci<5n, Cincinnati, Las
Vegas, Agua Dulce, and Tucurinca, Santa Marta district; HALLINAN, Auk,
4*1 P- 3J9> X924 — Gatun, Culebra, and Juan Mina, Panama.
Range: Eastern Panama (from the Canal Zone eastwards), and
northern and eastern Colombia (Santa Marta region; Magdalena
Valley; "Bogota")".
2: Panama (Colon 2).
• "Bogota" skins appear to be inseparable from a series from Panama and Santa
Marta.
300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Xiphorhynchus guttatus costaricensis (Ridgway). TUCURRIQUI WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrornis lawrencei costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 510,
Aug. 1888 — Tucurriqui, Costa Rica.
Dendrornis nana costaricensis CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 532, 1891
(crit.); BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 151, 1903 — Costa Rica, north
to Nicaragua, south to Chiriqui (diag.); idem, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Boruca,
Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, Barranca, Lagarto, Barranca de Puntarenas,
s.w. Costa Rica; FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270,
1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica.
Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133,
1890 — part, spec, b-f, Angostura (Costa Rica), (?) Calovevora (Veragua),
Bugaba (Chiriqui).
Dendrornis nana (not of LAWRENCE) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 174, 1890 — part, Nicar-
agua and Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
p. 1 80, 1891 — part, Rio Segovia (Honduras), Tucurriqui and San Carlos
(Costa Rica), (?) Calovevora (Veragua), and Bugaba (Chiriqui); RICHMOND,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 498, 1893 — Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicar-
agua; UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, p. 440 — Volcan de Miravelles, Costa Rica.
Dendrornis lawrenceii costaricensis LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 16, p. 221,
1899 — part, San Juan Valley, Costa Rica.
Xiphorhynchus nanus costaricensis CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 652,
1910 — Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 252, 1911 — western Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and southern Hon-
duras (monog.).
Range: Western Panama (Bugaba, Divala, Chiriqui)', Costa Rica,
Nicaragua, and southeastern Honduras (Rio Segovia).
7: Costa Rica (Siquirres 2, Guayabo i, Talamanca i, Limon 3).
*Xiphorhynchus guttatus confinis (Bangs). WHITE-THROATED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrornis nana confinis BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 150, 151, 1903 —
Ceiba, coast of Honduras; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser.,
i, p. 1 08, 1907 — Los Amates, Guatemala (crit.).
Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133,
1890 — part, spec, a, Medina, Honduras.
Dendrornis nana (not of LAWRENCE) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, p. 180, 1891 — part, Medina, Honduras.
Dendrornis lawrenceii costaricensis (not of RIDGWAY) LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Acad.
Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — part, Santo Tomas, Guatemala.
Xiphorhynchus nanus confinis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 253,
1911 — Honduras and Guatemala (monog.).
• No specimen seen from Veragua.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 301
Range: Honduras (Medina, Ceiba) and Guatemala (Santo Tomas;
Los Amates, Izabel; Chapulco).
2: Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabel i, Chapulco i).
*Xiphorhynchus susurrans susurrans (Jardine). COCOA WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes susurrans JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19, p. 81, 1847 —
Tobago.
Nasica albisquama LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 4, p. 465, 1852 — locality
unknown (type in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined*).
Dendrornis susurrans TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 — Trinidad; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, b1-!1, Trinidad, Tobago; ELLIOT,
Auk, 7, p. 171, 1890 — part, Tobago and Trinidad; CORY, Auk, 10, p. 220,
1893 — Tobago; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 48, 1894 — Princes-
town, Trinidad; DALMAS, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 140, 1900 — Tobago;
CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., I, p. 292, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad.
Nasica susurrans LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 160, 1866 — Trinidad.
Dendrornis consobrinus DALMAS, M6m. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 140, 1900 —
Trinidad.
Dendrornis susurrans susurrans HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 29, 1906 — Caparo,
Chaguaramas, Pointe Gourde, Seelet, Laventille, and Valencia, Trinidad
(crit.).
Dendrornis sursurans sursurans CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, p. 365,
1908 — Carenage and Aripo, Trinidad.
Range : Islands of Tobago and Trinidadb.
5 : Tobago.
*Xiphorhynchus susurrans jardinei (Dalmas)0. BERMUDEZ WOOD-
HEWER.
"The type, Lafresnaye Coll. No. 2262 (Mus. Comp. Zool., No. 77163), kindly
forwarded by Mr. Outram Bangs, is an adult bird in excellent condition. It is an ex-
tremely typical example of the white throated insular race and most probably orig-
inated from Trinidad. Its measurements are as follows: Wing 106; tail 90; bill 38.5.
b On comparing twenty-four skins from Trinidad and twenty from Tobago I fail
to see any difference in coloration. There is much individual variation in the tinge
of the under parts as well as in the amount of spotting on the back, and certain
ochreous bellied examples are hardly distinguishable from X. s. jardinei. Trinidad
birds appear to be generally larger, but the divergency is too inconstant to warrant
the recognition of a separate race, X. s. albisquama.
The X. susurrans group is probably conspecific with X. guttatus.
" Xiphorhynchus susurrans jardinei (DALMAS) : Very close to X. s. susurrans,
but throat deep buff instead of whitish or light buff, and remainder of under parts
more tinged with fulvous or ochreous.
Ten skins from Bermudez, when compared with a large series from the islands,
are decidedly more buffy beneath, particularly on the throat, and the fact that only
302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrornis jardinei DALMAS, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 140, 1900 — "C6te
de Paria"= vicinity of Cumand, Bermudez (type now in Tring Museum ex-
amined).
Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868,
p. 167 — Caripe", Bermudez; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 —
part, spec, x, Carip£; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 171, 1890 — part, Venezuela; ALLEN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 55, 1892 — El Pilar; PHELPS, Auk, 14, p. 365,
1897 — Cumanacoa, Bermudez; CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser.,
1, p. 247, 1909 — El Copey Mt., Margarita Isl.
Nasica beaitperthuysii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 419, 1850 — part,
spec, collected by Beauperthuys "in Peru" [=near Cumand, Venezuela], but
not the description8 (spec, in Paris Museum examined); idem, I.e., (2) 4,
p. 468, 1852 (crit.).
Dendrornis susurrans jardinei HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 30, 1906 — near
Cumand, Maturin, Guanoco, Venezuela; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 102, 1906 — Cumana (crit.).
(?) Dendrornis susurans susurans (sic) BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), i, p. 93, 1909
— Cano Guanoco and La Brea, Orinoco Delta (spec, examined).
(?) Xiphorhynchus susurrans susurrans CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,
2, p. 266, 1916 — Guanoco (crit.).
Range: Northeastern Venezuela, in State of Bermudez, and Mar-
garita Island, probably also in the Orinoco Delta (Guanoco).
i: Venezuela (La Asuncion, Margarita Isl. i).
Xiphorhynchus polystictus (Salvin and Godntan)b. SPOTTED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrornis polysticta SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (5) i, p. 210, 1883 — Bartica
Grove, British Guiana; SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 422 — Bartica Grove; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 135, pi. 10, 1890 — Bartica Grove; ELLIOT, Auk, 7,
p. 182, 1890 (ex SALVIN and GODMAN).
Xiphorhynchus polystictus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 123, 1921 — upper
Takutu Mts., Bartica, Bonasica, Great Falls of Demerara River, Arawai.
Range: British Guiana.
five (out of twenty-four) from Trinidad, and one (out of twenty) from Tobago match
or approach them in coloration, leaves no doubt as to the geographic significance of
the difference.
Three specimens from the Orinoco Delta are difficult to place, two being nearer
to jardinei, while the third is a perfectly typical representative of the white throated
Trinidad form.
Material examined. — Bermudez: "Cumand" 4 (including the type), Los Pal-
males i, San Antonio i, Santa Ana i, Celci Puede i, Maturin 2; Margarita Island i;
Orinoco Delta, Guanoco 3.
*• According to his own notes on the labels, Lafresnaye regarded Beauperthuy's
specimens as representing the ju venal plumage.
b We do not know this rather doubtful species. BERLEPSCH and HARTERT (Nov.
Zool., 9, p. 64, 1902) suspect it may be the juvenile plumage of X. guttatus sororius,
and the published picture of the type seems to support this theory.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 303
*Xiphorhynchus flavigaster flavigaster Swainson. IVORY-BILLED WOOD-
HEWER.
Xiphorhynchus flavigaster SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., (new ser.), I, p. 440, 1827 —
Temiscaltepec, Mexico.
Dryocopus eburneirostris* DnsMuRS, Iconog. orn., livr. 9, pi. 52, 1847 — Realejo,
Nicaragua (type in Paris Museum examined).
Nasica flav-igaster LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 383, 1850 — Mexico
(monog.).
Picolaptes validirostris EYTON, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 75 — no locality given.
Dendrornis flavigaster ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 178, 1890 — part, excl. Yucatan and west-
ern Mexico; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 108,
1907 — Los Amates and Patulul, Guatemala.
Dendrornis eburneirostris SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 130, 1890 — part
(excl. spec, e-i, Yucatan and Meco Island) ; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 178, 1891 — part; HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 51, p. 537,
1903 — Volcan de Miravelles, Costa Rica; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 101, 1906 — part, spec, a-p, Realejo (type),
Guatemala, and numerous Mexican localities.
Dendrornis eburneisastris (sic) LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 —
Chocan River, Guatemala, and Chaloma, Honduras.
Xiphorhynchus flavigaster flavigaster RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 244, 1911 — Mexico to Nicaragua (monog.).
Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz,
Puebla, Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Campeche, and
Chiapas), and through Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, and
Salvador to Nicaragua and Costa Rica (Miravelles).
16: Mexico (Tehuantepec, Tapana i, Santa Efigenia i, Alta Mira,
Tamaulipas i, Valles, San Luis Potosi 5, Pueblo Viejo, Vera Cruz i,
"Mexico" i); Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabel 3, Patulul, Solola 2);
Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega i).
Xiphorhynchus flavigaster mentalis (Lawrence). GRAYSON'S WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrornis mentalis (BAIRD MS.) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8,
p. 481, 1867 — Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico; idem, Mem. Boston Soc. N. H.,
2, p. 285, 1874 — Mazatlan and Tepic; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 131,
1890 — Presidio, near Mazatlan.
Dendrornis flavigaster (not of SWAINSON) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 278, 1890 — part,
spec, ex Mazatlan and Manzanillo.
Dendrornis eburneirostris SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
p. 178, 1891 — part, western Mexico.
a This name, though credited to Lesson, is not to be found in the "Echo du
Monde Savant."
304 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrornis flavigaster mentalis MILLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 355, 1905
— Los Pieles, etc., Sinaloa (crit.).
Xiphor hynchus flavigaster mentalis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 247, 1911 — western Mexico (monog.).
Range: Western Mexico, in states of Durango, Jalisco, Sinaloa,
Colima, Michoacan, and Tepic.
Xiphorhynchus flavigaster megarhynchus (Nelson). LARGE-BILLED
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis flavigaster megarhynchus NELSON, Auk, 17, p. 265, 1900 — Puerto
Angel, Oaxaca.
Xiphorhynchus flavigaster megarhynchus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 248, 1911 — southwestern Mexico (monog.).
Range: Southwestern Mexico, in states of Guerrero and western
Oaxaca (Puerto Angel).
Xiphorhynchus flavigaster yucatanensis Ridgway. YUCATAN WOOD-
HEWER.
Xiphorhynchus flavigaster yucatanensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22,
p. 73, 1909 — Temax, Yucatan; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 248,
1911 — Yucatan (monog.); PETERS, Auk, 30, p. 374, 1913 — Camp Mengel.
Dendrornis eburneirostris (not of DESMURS) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
N. Y., 9, p. 201, 1869 — Yucatan; BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 450 —
Yucatan (habits); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 130, 1890 — part, spec.
e-i, Yucatan and Meco Isl.; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 101, 1906 — part, spec, q-s, Izamal, Yucatan.
Dendrornis flavigaster (not of SWAINSON) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 178, 1890 — part,
spec, from Yucatan, Temax, and Me'rida; COLE, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
50, p. 132, 1906 — Chichen-Itza, Yucatan.
Range: Yucatan, Mexico".
Xiphorhynchus striatigularis (Richmond)*. STRIPED-THROATED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrornis striatigularis RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 22, p. 317, 1900 —
Alta Mira, Tamaulipas (type examined).
Xiphorhynchus striatigularis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 249,
1911 — Alta Mira (monog.).
Range: Eastern Mexico, in southern Tamaulipas (Alta Mira).
8 According to PETERS (Auk, 30, p. 374-5, 1913), specimens from Camp Mengel,
Terr. Quintana Roo are more or less intermediate to X. /. flavigaster.
b Xiphorhynchus striatigularis (RICHMOND) : Not unlike X. flavigaster in general
appearance, but whole throat conspicuously streaked with blackish ; buff streaks of
chest and breast margined laterally with a chain like streak of blackish ; wing-coverts
streaked with black and buff. Wing (adult female) 106; tail 85; bill 37.
Known only from the type specimen.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 305
*Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus lachrymosus (Lawrence). BLACK-STRIPED
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis lachrymosus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 467, 1862—
Lion Hill, Panama.
Dendrornis sp.? CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 294 — Rio Truando;
LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 292, 1862 — Lion Hill.
Dendrornis lacrymosa SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 355 — Panama
(crit.); idem, I.e., 1867, p. 279 — Bluefields R., Nicaragua; SALVIN, Ibis, 1872,
p. 313, 317 — Chontales, Nicaragua; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 181, 1890 — Costa
Rica, Panama, Colombia (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133,
1890 — part, spec, a, h-j, Chontales (Nicaragua), Panama, Remedies; SALVIN
and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 182, pi. 48, fig. i, 1891 — part,
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia; RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 16, p. 498, 1893 — Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896,
p. 440 — Volcan de Miravelles, Costa Rica (spec, examined); HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, p. 616, 1902 — Carondelet and Bulun, Ecuador.
Xiphorhynchus lacrymosus rostratus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73,
1909 — Rio Dagua, Colombia8.
Xiphorhynchus lacrymosus eximius (not of HELLMAYR) CARRIKER, Ann. Car-
negie Mus., 6, p. 654, 1910 — part, Bonilla, Reventaz6n, Guacimo, Cuabre,
Rio Sicsola, El Hogar, and La Vijagua, Costa Rica (habits).
Dendrornis lachrymosa rostrata HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1153 — Con-
doto, Rio Condoto, and Noanama, Colombia (crit.).
Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus lachrymosus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., SO,
Part 5, p. 242, 1911 — Nicaragua to n.w. Colombia (monog.); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 420, 1917 — Baudo, N6vita, Novita Trail, Noanama,
Dabeiba, Alto Bonito, San Jose, Barbacoas, Pacific Colombia; BANGS and
BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 211, 1922 — Mt. Sapo, Darien.
Xiphorhynchus lacrimosus lacrimosus STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 263,
1918 — Gatun, Panama.
Range: Nicaragua (Bluefields River, Chontales, Rio Escondido);
northern and eastern Costa Ricab; Panama (Lion Hill, Gatun, Canal
Zone; Mt. Sapo, Darien), and along the Pacific coast of Colombia south
to northwestern Ecuador (Carondelet, Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas) .
7: Colombia (Rio Dagua ic, Condoto, Rio Condoto, Choco i);
Ecuador (Carondelet 4, Bulun i).
Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus alarum Chapman*. CAUCA RIVER WOOD-
HEWER.
a Birds from Pacific Colombia and Ecuador (rostratus) are inseparable from a
series of topotypical Panama specimens.
b Having seen but a single young female (from Volcan de Miravelles), I am not
positive that birds from northern and eastern Costa Rica are really quite identical
with lachrymosus to which they were referred by Mr. Ridgway.
" Type of X. lacrymosus rostratus RIDGWAY, collected by W. F. H. Rosenberg.
d Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus alarum CHAPMAN: "Similar to X. I. lachrymosus,
but buffy guttate spots on back smaller and narrowly margined with black and
306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus alarum CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 642,
1915 — Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca; idem, I.e., 36, p. 421, 1917 — Puerto
Valdivia.
Dendrornis lacrymosa (not of LAWRENCE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 523 — Remedies, Colombia.
Range: Northern Colombia, in State of Antioquia (Puerto Val-
divia, lower Cauca; Remedios, Magdalena drainage).
*Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus eximius (Hellmayr)*. STRIPED-BELLIED
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis lachrymosa eximia HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 51, p. 537, 1903 — Boruca,
Costa Rica; BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Pozo del Rio Grande.
Dendrornis lacrymosa (not of LAWRENCE) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 144 —
Santiago de Veragua; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 193 — Bugaba and Volcan de Chiri-
qui; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, b-g, Santiago
de Veragua, Bugaba, Chiriqui; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves., 2, p. 182, 1891 — part, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba, Bibalaz and San-
tiago de Veragua; BANGS, Auk, 18, p. 367, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui.
Dendrornis lachrimosa CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, p. 40, 1893 —
Palmar and Boruca, Costa Rica.
Xiphorhynchus lacrymosus eximius CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 654,
1910 — part, Pozo Azul de Pirris and El Pozo de Terraba, Costa Rica.
Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus eximius RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 243, 1911 — southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.).
Range : Western Costa Rica (north to Siquirres and Jimenez) and
western Panama (Volcan of Chiriqui, and Veragua).
7: Costa Rica (Palmar i, Pozo Azul de Pirris i, El Pozo de Ter-
raba i, Siquirres i); Panama (Bugaba 2, Veragua i).
Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangs! Chapman*. BANGS'S WOOD-HEWER.
Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangsi CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 260,
more widely with Dresden brown rather than broadly margined with black;
spots below averaging smaller; lesser wing-coverts with much less black, the outer
greater coverts margined externally with brownish above instead of black." (CHAP-
MAN, I.e.). We do not know this race.
• Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus eximius (HELLMAYR) : Similar to X. I. lachrymosus,
but black markings on under parts much more developed, the abdomen being
heavily streaked; upper back more blackish; rufous of wings and tail deeper.
Two specimens from Veragua (Bibalaz) are extremely typical of this form. Two
skins from Jimenez and Siquirres respectively agree perfectly with a series from the
Terraba Valley, being much more heavily striped below than X. I. lachrymosus, of
Panama.
b Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangsi CHAPMAN: Nearly allied to X. t. triangularis,
but more brownish, less olivaceous above; the lighter rufous of the tail-coverts ex-
tended on to the rump; the buff spots on the crown larger; back distinctly
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 307
1919 — Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A,
Heft 10, p. 77, 1920 — Marcapata, Huaynapata, Idma (Dept. Cuzco), Santo
Domingo, Carabaya (crit.).
Dendrornis triangularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 622 — Simacu, Bolivia; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Simacu,
Bolivia; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 93, 1906 — Idma, above
Santa Ana, Urubamba; idem, I.e., p. 116, 1906 — Huaynapata, Marcapata
(spec, examined).
Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
*5i P- I3I» l%9° — part, spec, v, w, Simacu, Bolivia.
Dendrornis triangularis subsp., BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 376 — Garita del Sol, Vitoc. Dept. Junin.
Range: Southern Peru (from the valley of Vitoc, Dept. Junin
southwards) and Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba).
*Xiphorhynchus triangularis triangularis (Lafresnaye) . OLIVE-RUMPED
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes triangularis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 134, 1842 — "Bolivia"
= Bogota, Colombia* (type in Mus. Comp. Zool examined); idem, Mag. Zool.,
(2) 5, Ois., pi. .32, 1843 (type stated to be from Santa Fe de Bogota).
Nasica triangularis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 419, 1850 — Santa F6
de Bogota (monog.).
Dendrornis triangularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogota; idem,
Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 165, 1862 — part, spec, a, Bogota; SCLATER and
SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 781 — Merida; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Santa
Elena, Antioquia; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Ray-Urmana, near Chiri-
moto, Peru; idem, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 177, 1884 — Ray-Urmana; idem and BER-
LEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 98 — Machay, Ecuador (spec, examined);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 132, 1890 — Bogota, Santa Elena, Merida;
ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
Dendrornis triangularis bogotensis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1896, p. 376 — "Colombia" = Bogotd (type examined).
Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1875, p. 235 — M&ida; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Baeza, Ecuador (spec.
examined).
Dendrornis triangularis triangularis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1154
(crit., char, and range).
streaked with buff; throat more whitish, with olivaceous rather than blackish
edges; whitish markings on breast smaller and becoming reduced to narrow streaks
on the abdomen; under tail-coverts more tinged with cinnamomeous ; bill largely
ivory whitish, dusky only at base and extreme tip of maxilla. Wing 103-119; tail
85-101; bill 26-32.
Material examined. — Bolivia: Songo, Dept. La Paz 2, Quebrada Onda, Dept.
Cochabamba 3. Peru: Santo Domingo 2, Caradoc i, Huaynapata i, Marcapata 4,
Idma, Urubamba i, Garita del Sol, Vitoc i.
a See CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 260, 1919.
308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xiphorhynchus triangularis triangularis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg.,
78, A, Heft 5, p. 109, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 420, 1917 — Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Cerro Mun-
chique, Cocal (western Andes), Miraflores, Salento, Laguneta, El Eden, La
Candela, La Palma, San Agustin (central Andes), Andalucia, Fusugasuga,
Aguadita, Anolaima, Buenavista (eastern Andes), Colombia.
Xiphorhynchus triangularis LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25,
p. 71, 1922 — Maspa, below Papallacta.
Range: Subtropical Zone of the Andes of northern Peru (Chacha-
poyas and Ray-Urmana, near Chirimoto, Dept. Amazonas), eastern
Ecuador (Machay, Baeza, Maspa), Colombia (except Santa Marta re-
gion), and western Venezuela (Andes of Merida; Cumbre de Valencia,
Carobobo)8.
9: Colombia (Bogota i, Andalucia, eastern Andes i, Cocal, west of
Popayan i); Venezuela, Est. MeYida (Culata 3, Escorial i, Paramo
Tambor i, Carbonera i).
*Xiphorhynchus triangularis aequatorialis (Berlepsch and Taczanowski)b.
PACIFIC WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis erythropygia aequatorialis BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1883, p. 563 — Chimbo, Ecuador (type examined); HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Chimbo and Paramba, Ecuador; MENEGAUX, Miss.
Serv. g£ogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat., 9, p. B 45, 1911 — Gualea and Santo
Domingo, Ecuador.
Dendrornis triangularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1859,
p.i40 — Pallatanga; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 165, 1862 — part, spec, b,
Pallatanga.
Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 131, 1890 — part, spec, t, u, Pallatanga, vicinity of Quito; ELLIOT, Auk, 7,
p. 187, 1890 — part, Chimbo.
Dendrornis aequatorialis SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14,
No. 362, p. 25, 1899 — Rio Peripa, Ecuador.
a Two adult males from Chachapoyas (Peru) and four from eastern Ecuador
(Baeza, Machay) agree well with a series from Colombia and Me'rida, while birds
from the Cumbre de Valencia are, on average, somewhat more olivaceous above.
Material examined. — Peru: Chachapoyas 2. Ecuador: Baeza 2, Machay 2. Col-
ombia: Bogota 10, Andalucia i, Cocal i, Jerico i, Riolima, Cauca i. Venezuela:
Andes of M&ida 14, Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo 8.
b Xiphorhynchus triangularis aequatorialis (BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI) : Dif-
fers from X. t. triangularis in more brownish (less olivaceous) upper parts; plain
(unspotted) crown, with only a few narrow buff streaks on forehead; the much deeper
chestnut rufous of wings and tail spreading also over the lower back; much deeper
buff throat, with the olive markings restricted to small, rounded apical spots; larger
spots on breast and abdomen; uniform horn brown maxilla, etc.
Material examined. — Ecuador: Chimbo 7, Santo Domingo 2, Gualea i, Nane-
gal 3, Nono 2, Intac i, Cachabi 2, Bulun 8, Lita 7, Paramba 9, Ventana i. Colombia:
N6vita i, El Tigre i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 309
Dendrornis punctigula (not of RIDGWAY) GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Nane-
gal, Intac, Gualea, Ecuador (spec, examined).
Dendrornis triangularis aequatorialis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1153 —
Novita and El Tigre, Pacific Colombia (crit., range).
Xiphorhynchus aequatorialis aequatorialis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 419, 1917 — Quibdo, Baudo, San Jose, Buena vista, and Barbacoas,
Pacific Colombia.
Xiphorhynchus aequatorialis LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25,
p. 71, 1922 — Mindo, Gualea, road to Nanegal.
Range : Tropical Zone of western Ecuador (from Chimbo to Esmer-
aldas) and of Pacific slope of Western Andes of Colombia (north to
Quibdo and Baudo) .
10: Ecuador (Chimbo i, Gualea i, Santo Domingo 2, Lita i, Par-
amba 2, Bulun 3).
*Xiphorhynchus triangularis insolitus Ridgway*. TRUANDO WOOD-
HEWER.
Xiphorhynchus punctigula insolitus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73,
1909 — Cascajal, Code", eastern Panama.
Xiphorhynchus punctigulus insolitus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 257, 1911 — eastern Panama and Rio Truando, Colombia.
Dendrornis triangularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1860, p. 193 — Rio Truando.
Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1864, p. 355 — Lion Hill, Panama; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 131, 1890 — part, spec, s, Panama; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part,
Lion Hill, near Aspinwall, Panama.
Dendrornis punctigula (not of RIDGWAY) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 188, 1890 — part,
Rio Truando.
(?) Xiphorhynchus aequatorialis aequatorialis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 419, 1917 — part, La Frijolera, lower Cauca.
Range: Eastern Panama (Cascajal, Code"; Lion Hill, Panama Rail-
road) and adjacent districts of northwestern Colombia (Atrato and Tru-
ando rivers; (?) La Frijolera, lower Cauca).
i: Colombia (Atrato River i).
a Xiphorhynchus triangularis insolitus appears to have been based on intergrades
between aequatorialis and punctigula. The specimen listed above, obtained by
A. Schott on Lt. N. Michler's Expedition to the lower Atrato, has the back decidedly
browner than the majority in the series of the two forms, though it is very nearly
matched by a female from Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador, and an unsexed indi-
vidual from Chiriqui. Markings of throat and spotting on under parts are exactly as in
punctigula. On the other hand, two skins from Calovevora, Veragua — hence not far
from the type locality of insolitus and in the same general region — I am quite unable to
distinguish from Costa Rican specimens of punctigula, which, moreover, is sometimes
hard to separate from aequatorialis. Individual variation in these birds is much
greater than generally admitted.
310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
*Xiphorhynchus triangularis punctigula (Ridgway) . SPOTTED-THROATED
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis punctigula RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, p. 544, Sept. 1889 —
Naranjo, Costa Rica; SCLATER, Ibis, 1889, p. 352 (crit.); ELLIOT, Auk, 7,
p. 188, 1890 — part, Costa Rica (monog.); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 182, 1891 — Costa Rica, Chiriqui, and Veragua; CHERRIE,
Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, 6, p. 17, 1893 — Pozo del Pital, Costa Rica;
BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 48, 1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui.
Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER) CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 9, p. 242, 1861
— Costa Rica; SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 144 — Santiago de Veragua;
idem, I.e., 1870, p. 193 — Calovevora, Boquete de Chitra, Cordillera del Chucu,
Bugaba and Volcande Chiriqui; LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N.Y., 9, p. 107,
1868 — Angostura, Pacuare, and Barranca, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 6, p. 414, 1883 — Rio Sucio, Costa Rica; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 131, 1890 — part, spec, k-r, Angostura (Costa Rica), Castillo,
Santiago, Calovevora (Veragua), Volcan de Chiriqui, and Bugaba; ELLIOT,
Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Costa Rica, Veragua.
Xiphorhynchus punctigula CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 653, 1910 —
Costa Rica (habits).
Xiphorhynchus punctigulus punctigulus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 255, 1911 — Nicaragua to Panama (monog.).
Range: Nicaragua (San Rafael del Nortea), Costa Rica, and west-
ern Panama (Chiriqui and Cordillera of Veragua) b.
9: Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte i); Costa Rica (Tuis 2, Juan
Vinas i); Panama (Boquete i, Chiriqui 3, Calovevora, Veragua i).
*Xiphorhynchus triangularis erythropygius (Sclater). SPOTTED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrornis erythropygia SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 366, 1859 — Jalapa, Vera
Cruz, Mexico; idem, I.e., p. 381, 1859 — Oaxaca; idem and SALVIN, Ibis,
1860, p. 35 — Coban, Guatemala; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 131,
1890 — part, spec, a-i, Jalapa (Mexico), Rio de la Pasion, Chisec, Choctum,
Vera Paz (Guatemala); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Mexico and
Guatemala; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 181, 1891
a In the amount of spotting above, this bird is exactly intermediate between
punctigula and erythropygia, but resembles the former in olivaceous coloration and
restricted rufous uropygial area.
b Birds from Veragua (Calovevora) and Chiriqui are identi cal with those from
Costa Rica. X. t. punctigula is exceedingly close to X. t. aequatorialis, but generally
distinguishable by brighter olivaceous under parts with smaller buff spots, more
heavily spotted throat, somewhat lighter rufous rump and wings, etc. Single speci-
mens are, however, not always separable. Through individual variation, it also
intergrades with X. t. erythropygius, of Guatemala. There is notably a specimen from
Chiriqui (at Tring) , which combines the greenish olive coloration of punctigula with
the heavy spotting, both above and below, of erythropygia. Similar examples are no
doubt responsible for Panama records of the last named race.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR . 311
— part, Mexican and Guatemalan localities only; BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 39, p. 151, 1903 — Yaruca, Honduras.
Xiphorhynchus erythropygius RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 254,
1911 — southeastern Mexico to Honduras (monog.).
Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca,
Guerrero, and Chiapas), Guatemala, and Honduras (Yaruca).
4 : Guatemala (unspecified 4) .
Xiphorhynchus ocellatusa ocellatus (Spix). OCELLATED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes ocellatus (guttatus) SPIX, Av. Bras., i,p. 88, pi. 91, fig. i, 1824 — "in
sylvis campestribus Piauhy", errore (we suggest mouth of the Rio Madeira
as type locality; type in Munich Museum examined).
Nasica beauperthuysii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 419, 1850 — part,
descr. and hab. banks of the Amazon, coll. Castelnau and Deville (types from
Pebas, Peru in Paris Museum examined).
Dendrornis weddellii DESMURS in Castelnau, Exped. Ame'r. Sud, Ois., p. 46,
pi. 14, fig. 2, June 1856 — no locality given (types from the Peruvian Amazon
in Paris Museum examined).
Dendrornis palliata (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 164,
1862 — part, spec, b, Rio Huallaga.
Dendrornis ocellata PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — Borba, Rio Madeira;
Marabitanas and Rio Xie", Rio Negro (spec, examined); SCLATER and SAL-
VIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 978 — Pebas, Peru (spec, examined); idem, I.e.,
1873, p. 271 — part, Pebas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 136, 1890 — •
part, spec, a, d, e, Marabitanas, Rio Huallaga and Pebas (spec, examined) ;
ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 170, 208, 1890 (crit.); HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 51, p. 538,
1903 (char., range); MENEGAUxand HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 103, 1906 — Pebas, Peruvian Amazon (crit. on types in Paris Museum);
HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 634, 1906 (note on
Spix's type); idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 326, 1910 — Borba, Rio Madeira (crit.);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Bom Lugar, Rio Punis; idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 335, 1914 — Boim (RioTapaj6z) and Bom Lugar(Rio Purus).
Dendrocolaptes chuncotambo (sic) (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871,
p. 86 — part, spec, c, Rio Negro.
Dendrornis weddelli ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 168, 1890 (char.).
Range: Northern Brazil (Boim, Villa Braga, Apacy, Rio Tapaj6z;
Borba, Rio Madeira; Rio Punis; Marabitanas and Rio Xie", Rio Negro)
and adjacent portions of eastern Peru (Pebas, Rio Maranon; lower
Huallaga) .
a Xiphorhynchus ocellatus, while agreeing with X. spixii and allies in shape and
color of bill, is nevertheless quite distinct specifically, the plain brown back, with
hardly a few hair like buff shaft lines on the nape and adjoining portion of the upper
mantle separating it at first sight.
Material examined. — Brazil: Rio Tapajoz (Villa Braga, Apacy) 17; Borba, Rio
Madeira 9; Rio Punis 43; Rio Negro, Marabitanas 6, Rio Xi6 i; "Piauhy" i (the
type). Peru: Pebas 2, Huallaga i, Peruvian Amazon 3.
312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xiphorhynchus ocellatus lineatocapillus (Berlepsch and Leverkuhn)*.
LINED-HEADED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis lineatocapilla BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, p. 24, pi. i,
fig. i, 1890 — "Angostura", Rio Orinoco, Venezuela (type now in Berlin
Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 51, p. 539, 1903 (crit.).
Xiphorhynchus lineatocapillus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 267,
1916 — ''Angostura".
Range: Venezuela (" Angostura" =Ciudad Bolivar, Rio Orinoco).
*Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo chunchotambo (Tschudfy. TSCHUDI'S
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes chunchotambo TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 295, 1844 —
Peru; idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 241, pi. 22, fig. i, 1846 — Territory of the
Chuncho tribe, Dept. Junin, Peru (type in Neuchatel Museum examined).
Nasica chunchotambo LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 427 (ex TSCHUDI).
Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
p. 750, 755 — Xeberos, Peru (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 185 —
Cosnipata, Dept. Cuzco; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 271 — part, Xeberos; TACZANOW-
SKI, I.e., 1874, p. 529 — Amable Maria, Peru; idem, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 179, 1884 —
Monterico, Huambo, Chirimoto, Amable Maria, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 136, 1890 — part, spec, b, n, Xeberos, Cosnipata, Peru
(examined).
Dendrocolaptes chuncotambo SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 86 — part, spec, d,
Xeberos.
Dendrornis chunchotambo TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 529 — Monter-
ico; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Chirimoto and Huambo (spec, examined);
ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 176, 1890 — Peru (descr. of one of Tschudi's originals in
a Xiphorhynchus ocellatus lineatocapillus (BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN) : Closely
similar to X. o. ocellatus, but bill larger, with the lower mandible brownish instead
of horny whitish; pileum more blackish brown (though marked in the same way);
back less rufescent. Wing (unsexed adult) 101 ; tail 88; bill 36.
Known only from the type said to be from "Angostura". I have reasons to doubt
the correctness of this locality, and suspect that the upper stretches of the Orinoco
will prove to be the real habitat of D. lineatocapilla, which is certainly but a race of
X. ocellatus.
b Xiphorhynchus c. chunchotambo (TSCHUDI) : Not unlike X. o. ocellatus, but
much more olivaceous, less rufescent above; pileum with well defined tear shaped
spots instead of being narrowly streaked with buff; upper back conspicuously streaked
with buff; squamate markings on throat and foreneck much larger, and heavily mar-
gined with blackish; breast and upper abdomen distinctly streaked with buff; cul-
men apically more curved.
The type agrees with specimens from Chanchamayo and Huayabamba. A series
from southeastern Peru (Marcapata, Yahuarmayo) is similar. Birds from Bolivia
slightly differ by paler (partly whitish) and generally weaker bill.
Material examined. — Peru: Xeberos i, Huambo 2, Huayabamba 4, Rioja i,
La Gloria, Chanchamayo 2, Chuncho Territory (the type) i, Huachipa 6, Pozuzo 5,
Cosnipata i, Marcapata 4, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya 2, Yahuarmayo, Carabaya 5.
Bolivia: Nairapi i, Songo 2, Juntas 2, Quebrada Onda 7, Rio Espirito Santo 2,
San Mateo 3.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 313
U. S. Nat. Museum); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
P- 376 — La Gloria and Huayabamba, Peru (spec, examined); HELLMAYR,
Journ. Orn., 51, p. 538, 1903 — Peru and Bolivia (crit., characters); BER-
LEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 116, 1906 — Rio Cadena, Peru.
Dendrornis pardalotus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 622 — Nairapi, Bolivia (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 134, 1890 — part, spec, x, Nairapi.
Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 79,
1920 — Yahuarmayo, Carabaya, Peru.
Range: Eastern Peru (from depts. Amazonas and Loreto south to
Carabaya) and Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba).
ii : Peru (Rioja i, Pozuzo, Huanuco i, Huachipa, Huanuco 6);
Bolivia (Rio Espirito Santo i, unspecified 2).
Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo napensis Chapman*. NAPO WOOD-
HEWER.
Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo napensis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 123, p. 8,
July 1924 — Upper Suno River, Ecuador.
Dendrornis — ? SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 456, 1858 — Gualaquiza (spec,
examined).
Dendrornis palliata (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 164,
1862 — part, spec, a, Gualaquiza.
Dendrornis chuncotambo (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 86 —
part, spec, a, Gualaquiza.
Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 136, 1890 —
part, spec, o-q, Gualaquiza and Sarayacu, Ecuador (spec, examined) ; SALVA-
DOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 25, 1899 — Rio
Santiago, Ecuador (spec, examined).
Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Suno, Zamora, Gualaquiza, Rio
Santiago, Sarayacu, Rio Napo) .
Xiphorhynchus pardalotus ( Vieillot)b. LEVAILLANT'S WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocopus pardalotus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 26, p. 117,
a Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo napensis CHAPMAN: Differs from X. c. chuncho-
tambo by smaller buff spots on the crown, and narrower, more linear stripes on the
upper back; under parts slightly richer in tone, throat more buffy, and streaking of
abdomen less distinct.
This form, in its characters, slightly diverges toward X. ocellatus, and it is yet
possible that ocellatus and chunchotambo may be found to be subspecifically related.
Material examined. — Ecuador: Gualaquiza i, Rio Santiago i, Rio Napo i,
Sarayacu 2.
b Xiphorhynchus pardalotus (VIEILLOT) bears a certain likeness to X. guttatus
guttatoides, but besides the much smaller spots on the crown, and the deeper buff
314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
1818 — based on "Le Grimpar flambe'" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Promerops,
p. 74, pi. 30, Cayenne.
Dendrocolaptes flammeus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Ak. Wiss. for 1818-
19, p. 202, 1820 — based on LEVAILLANT, pi. 74, Cayenne.
Nasica pardalotus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 386, 1850 — part,
Cayenne (monog.).
Dendrornis pardalotus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — Barra do Rio Negro
[ = Manaos] (spec, examined); idem, Ibis, 1873, p. no — Cayenne; SALVIN,
I.e., 1885, p. 422 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Roraima, and Merum£ Mts.,
Brit. Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 134, 1890 — part, spec, a-w
Cayenne, Oyapoc, Barra, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merume', and Roraima;
ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 173, 1890 — Guiana (monog.); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 9, p. 64, 1902 — Nericagua (R. Orinoco), Suapure and La Pricion
(Caura), Venezuela (spec, examined) ; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 179,
1904 — Rio Lunier, French Guiana; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 148, 319,
1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, Oyapoc, Rio Lunier, Camopi, French
Guiana (spec, examined); SNETHALGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 335, 1914 —
Rio Jary (S. Antonio da Cachoeira), Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro).
Dendrornis nana (not of LAWRENCE) MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178,
1904 — Camopi, French Guiana (spec, examined).
Xiphorhynchus pardalotus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 267,
1916 — Nericagua (R. Orinoco), Suapure, La Union and La Pricion (Caura),
foot of Mt. Duida, Venezuela; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Gui., 2, p. 122, 1921 —
British Guiana (numerous localities).
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela
(Orinoco-Caura region); northern Brazil, south to north bank of lower
Amazon (Rio Jary, Obidos, Rio Jamunda, Mandos).
*Xiphorhynchus spixii (Lesson)*. SPIX'S WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes spixii LESSON, Traits d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — based on
Dendrocolaptes tenuirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 88,
pi. 91, fig. 2, 1824 — no locality given, we suggest Para (type lost).
Dendrornis fraterculus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 526, Aug. 1888 —
Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapajoz (type examined).
under parts with the light markings less wide and not so strongly margined with
blackish laterally, it is readily recognizable by its much weaker, slenderer bill.
Birds from Mandos and Obidos appear to have the dusky edges on the foreneck
and chest less pronounced, but the divergency is very slight.
Material examined. — French Guiana: Ipousin, Rio Approuogue 12, Cayenne 2,
Rio Lunier i, Camopi i. British Guiana: Demerara i, Rio Carimang 2, Camacusa 2,
Bartica Grove i. Venezuela: Nericagua 3, Suapure 6, La Pricion i. Brazil: Mandos 8,
Obidos 3.
a Xiphorhynchus spixii (LESSON), as well as X. elegans, X. juruanus, and X. in-
signis are probably conspecific with X. pardalotus, replacing each other geographi-
cally on the different river banks of the Amazon and its tributaries.
X. spixii appears to range, in the west, to the right bank of the Tapajdz. The
only specimen from Santarem (type of D. fraterculus) seen by me differs from four-
teen Pard examples by slightly darker upper parts with the buff markings some-
what narrower, and more restricted to the upper back. It is, however, a very poor
skin. More material is required.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 315
Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
p. 575 — Pard (spec, examined).
Dendrornis spixii* PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — Pard (spec, examined);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 137, 1890 — Para; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 177,
208, 1890 — Pard (monog.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 282, 1905 — Igar-
ap6-Assu, Para; idem, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 634,
1906 — Pard (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 325, 1910 (crit.); SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p .525, 1906 — Pard, S. Antonio do Prata; idem, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 336, 1914 — Pard, Providencia, Ananindeua, Apehu, Sta. Isabel,
Peixe-Boi, Quati-puni, S. Antonio do Prata; Rio Guamd (Sta. Maria de
S. Miguel), R. Tocantins (Baiao, Arumatheua), Rio Xingu (Victoria), Rio
Iriri (Bocca do Curud), Rio Jamauchim (Tucunare), Rio Tapajdz (Bella
Vista); Maranhao.
Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 171, 1890 — part, San-
tarem; RIKER and CHAPMAN, I.e., 8, p. 27, 1891 — Santarem.
Xiphorhynchus spixii HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
26, No. 2, p. 38, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga (Para localities; crit.).
Xiphorhynchus pardalotus (not of VIEILLOT) BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63,
88, 1916 — Utinga, near Pard.
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Maranhao
west to the right bank of the Tapaj6z (Santarem, Bella Vista).
i: Brazil (Utinga, near Para i).
Xiphorhynchus elegans (Pelzeln)b. ELEGANT WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis elegans PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 63, 1868 — part, Engenho do
Gama, Matto Grosso (types in Vienna Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 137, 1890 — Engenho do Gama; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 177,
1890 — part, Engenho do Gama (ex PELZELN); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56,
p. 508, 1908 — Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 325,
1910 — Calama, Allianca, and Maroins, Rio Madeira (crit., range); SNETH-
LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 336, 1914 — Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z.
Range: Central Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the left bank of
the Tapajoz (Villa Braga, Itaituba) to the Rio Madeira (Calama,
Allianca, Maroins), south to western Matto Grosso (Engenho do Gama,
Rio Guapore).
s Sometimes spelled spixi.
b Xiphorhynchus elegans (PELZELN) is well characterized, among its affines, by
having the whole back, from the nape down to the chestnut rump, marked with large,
pearl shaped spots of buff; the bend of the wing largely cinnamon rufous; distinct,
though narrow buff shaft lines or subapical dots on the lesser and median, sometimes
also on the greater upper wing-coverts, large, fan shaped buff markings on foreneck
and chest, etc. Bill nearly straight, dusky horn color, yellowish at base of lower
mandible.
Material examined. — Matto Grosso: Engenho do Gama 4. Amazonas: Maroins,
Rio Machados 3, Allianca, Rio Madeira 2, Calama 6; Rio Tapaj6z (Villa Braga,
Itaituba) 10.
316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xiphorhynchus juruanus (Ihering)*. IHERING'S WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis ocellata juruana IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, "1904", p. 436, May
1905 — Rio Jurud (types examined); idem, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 248, 1907 —
Rio Jurud.
Dendrornis juruana HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 325, 1910 — Rio Jurua (crit.).
(?) Dendrornis elegans PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — part, Manaqueri.
Range: Western Brazil, in State of Amazonas (Rio Jurud and Rio
Purtis, probably extending north to Manaqueri, Rio Solimoes).
*Xiphorhynchus insignis (Hellmayr)b. HELLMAYR'S WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrornis insignis HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, p. 55, March 1905 —
Samiria, Rio Maranon, Peru; idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 325, 1910 (crit., range).
Dendrornis sp. inc. SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 — Chyave-
tas, Peru (spec, in British Museum examined).
Dendrornis elegans (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873,
p. 271 — Chyavetas, Chamicuros (Peru), Bogota (spec, examined) ; TACZANOW-
SKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 178, 1884 — Chami-
curos and Yurimaguas, Peru; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 304, 1887 —
Shanusi, near Yurimaguas (spec, examined).
Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 136, 1890 —
part, spec, c, f-h, j, 1, m, r-v, Yurimaguas, Chyavetas, Iquitos, Bogotd (spec,
examined); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Archidona, Ecuador (spec,
examined).
Xiphorhynchus insignis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 422, 1917 —
Florencia and Buena Vista, Colombia.
Range: Upper Amazonia, from eastern Colombia ("Bogota";
Buena Vista, above Villavicencio; Florencia, Rio Caquetd) through east-
ern Ecuador (Archidona) to Peru (depts. of Loreto, Amazonas, Huan-
uco, and Junin).
2: Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis, Dept. Junin 2).
a Xiphorhynchus juruanus (IHERING): Somewhat intermediate between X. ele-
gans and X . insignis. Agrees with the latter in plain (unmarked) upper wing-coverts
and in markings of back, but the fan shaped spots on the under parts are very much
smaller and mainly confined to the chest, while the bill is straighter and darker,
more like X. elegans.
In addition to the two typical examples from the Rio Jurud, I have examined
more than thirty skins from the Rio Purus in the collection of the Carnegie
Museum.
I suspect that Natterer's Manaqueri example, now in the American Museum of
Natural History, New York City, will prove to be referable to the present form.
b Xiphorhynchus insignis (HELLMAYR) : Nearly allied to X. elegans, but markings
above much deeper (more ochraceous), smaller (tear shaped rather than pearl
shaped), and restricted to upper back; wing-coverts without trace of pale shaft
streaks; bill more decurved, with maxilla terminally whitish.
Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogotd" 12. Ecuador: Archidona i. Peru:
Yurimaguas i, Chyavetas 2, Iquitos 4, Samiria i, Shanusi i, Pebas i, Chuchurras,
Huanuco i, Puerto Bermudez 2.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 317
*Xiphorhynchus obsoletus obsoletus (Lichtenstein) . STRIPED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes obsoletus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Ak. Wiss. for 1818-19,
p. 203, 1820; idem, I.e., for 1820-21, p. 265, 1821 — "in Brasiliae provincia
Pard" (type in Berlin Museum examined).
Nasica multiguttatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 417, 1850 — Fonte-
boa, Rio Solimoes, Brazil (type in Paris Museum examined).
Picolaptes notatus EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1852, p. 26 — no locality given (type
in British Museum examined).
Dendroplex similis PELZELN*, Orn. Bras., i, p. 46, 1868 — Engenho do Gama
(Matto Grosso), Borba (Rio Madeira), Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos],
Marabitanas, Rio Negro (spec, in Vienna Museum examined).
Dendrornis multiguttata DESMURS in Castelnau, Exp£d. Amer. Sud, Ois., p. 44,
pi. 12, fig. i, 1856 — Fonteboa, Brazil; SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 164,
1862 — Cayenne; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 138, 1890 — part, spec, a,
d, e, Oyapoc, Borba (spec, examined); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 175, 1890 — part,
descr. and hab. Fonteboa, Santarem, Cayenne; RIKER and CHAPMAN, I.e.,
8, p. 27, 1891 — Santarem; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 —
Saint Georges d' Oyapoc and Ouanary, French Guiana.
Dendrornis obsoleta notata BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 64, 1902
— Altagracia, Munduapo, Caicara, Maipures, Nericagua, R. Orinoco; Sua-
pure and La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela (spec, examined); BEEBE, Zoologica
(N. Y.), i, p. 94, 1909 — upper Guarapiche, Orinoco Delta.
Dendrornis obsoleta multiguttata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 105, 1906 — part, spec, a-e, g-i, Fonteboa (Brazil), upper
Sarare (Venezuela), Saint Georges d' Oyapoc and Ouanary, French Guiana
(crit.); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 148, 1908 — Rio Approuague, Oyapoc,
Ouanary, French Guiana; HELLMAYR, I.e., 17, p. 326, 1910 — Calama, Rio
Madeira.
Dendrornis obsoleta SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 508, 1908 — Bella Vista, Goy-
ana, and Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z; idem, I.e., p. 530, 1908 — Arumatheua, R. Toc-
antins; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 336, 1914 — Rio Tocantins, Cussary;
Rio Tapaj6z, Rio Jamauchim, Rio Jary, Arumanduba, Obidos, Rio Jamunda
(Faro).
Xiphorhynchus obsoletus notatus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
p. 267, 1916 — Orinoco and Caura Rivers.
Range: French and British Guiana; southern Venezuela (valley of
the Orinoco and tributaries); northern and western Brazil, from the
Rio Branco, Rio Negro, and Solimoes (Fonteboa) east to the Tocantins,
south to western Matto Grosso (Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore')b.
i: Brazil (lower Rio Branco i).
B We designate as type locality Borba, Rio Madeira, where Natterer secured a
good series.
b Careful study of numerous examples from various localities reveals so much
individual variation in the coloring of both upper and lower parts that I find it
impossible to subdivide this form in spite of its extensive range. The type of D. ob-
soletus, kindly loaned by Dr. E. Stresemann, is absolutely identical with a series
318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Xiphorhynchus obsoletus palliatus (DesMurs)*. DBS MURS'S WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrornis palliatus DEsMuRS in Castelnau, Exped. Am6r. Sud, Ois., p. 46,
pi. 15, fig. i, 1856 — no locality indicated (the type examined in Paris Museum
is from Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali, Peru).
Dendrornis palliata SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — lower
Ucayali (spec, examined); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 178, 1890 — lower Ucayali (ex
DESMURS).
Dendrornis multiguttata (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1873, p. 271 — lower Ucayali; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 180,
1884 — lower Ucayali; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 304, 1889 — Sarayacu,
Peru (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 138, 1890 — part,
spec, b, c, f, lower Ucayali and Rio Napo (spec, examined).
Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 236, 1890 —
part, spec, i, j, Iquitos, Peru (spec, examined).
Dendrornis obsoleta multiguttata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist.
Nat., 19, p. 105, 1906 — part, spec, f, Rio Napo.
Dendrornis obsoleta palliata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 106, 1906 — Sarayacu, Peru (crit.).
Range: Northeastern Peru (Rio Ucayali, Iquitos) and adjoining
parts of eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo).
Genus LEPIDOCOLAPTES Reich enbach.
Lepidocolaptes REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 183,
1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 29)
Dendrocolaptes squamatus LICHTENSTEIN.
from the Tapaj6z and Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama). Birds from the Guianas,
Venezuela, and the north bank of the Amazon (Manaos, Marabitanas) average
slightly more rufescent above, though there are many exceptions to this rule. The
type of Picolaptes notatus EYTON, from an unknown locality is an extreme example
of this northern variety. Four specimens from Fonteboa (multiguttata LAFRESNAYE)
agree best with those from the Rio Negro and Orinoco, but the examination of a
series of fresh skins seems desirable. Certain individuals, notably one from the
upper Sarare and two from Munduapo (Orinoco) are very rufous throughout, being
hardly distinguishable from palliata, of Peru.
Material examined. — Brazil: "Para" (type of D. obsoletus} i; Goyana, Tapa-
joz i, Tucunar6, Rio Jamauchim i; Rio Madeira, Borba 10, Calama 2; Engenho do
Gama, Matto Grosso i; Fonteboa 4, Manaos 3, Marabitanas, Rio Negro 4. French
Guiana: Rio Approuague i, Oyapoc 2, Ouanary i. British Guiana: Annai 2. Venezu-
ela, Rio Orinoco: Altagracia 3, Caicara i, Maipures 2, Munduapo 12, Caura River 5,
upper Sarare i.
* Xiphorhynchus obsoletus palliatus (DEsMuRs): Very similar to X. o. obsoletus,
but back more rufous brown, less contrasting with chestnut of rump and tail; light
markings above, and throat deeper buff; breast and abdomen more tinged with
rufescent; bill stronger.
This form requires confirmation by a larger series.
Material examined. — Peru: Sarayacu (including type) 2, lower Ucayali 2, Iqui-
tos 2. Ecuador: Rio Napo i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 319
*Lepidocolaptes leucogaster (Swainsori). WHITE-STRIPED WOOD-
HEWER.
Xiphorhynchus leucogaster SWAINSON, Philos. Magaz., (new ser.), I, p. 440, 1827
— Temascaltepec, Mexico.
Picolaptes atripes EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, p. 76 — locality unknown.
Picolaptes leucogaster LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 150, 1850 — Mexico
(descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 147, 1890 — Mexico City, Par-
ada, Ciudad Durango, Mexico; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, p. 185, 1891 — Mexico (numerous localities); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 259, 1911 (monog.).
Range : Western and central Mexico, in states of Sonora, Durango,
Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi, Vera Cruz, Zacatecas, Mexico, Morelos,
Michoacan, Jalisco, Colima, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Territory of Tepic.
i: Mexico (Coyotes, Durango i).
*Lepidocolaptes squamatus squamatus (Lichtenstein) . LICHTENSTEIN'S
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes squamatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Akad. Wiss. for
the years 1820-21, p. 258, 265, pi. 2, fig. i, 1822 — part, "adult", Prov. Sao
Paulo; BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 14, 1856 — Novo Friburgo,
Rio (spec, examined).
Xyphorhynchus maculiventer LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n (2), No. 12,
p. 276, Aug. ii, 1844 — "BrSsil".
Picolaptes levaillantii REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae,
p. 182, pi. 531, fig. 3655, 1853 — based on "Le Grimpar flamb6" LEVAILLANT,
Hist. Nat. Prome"rops, p. 73, pi. 29, fig. 2 — "rapporte'e du Br^sil par M.
Lalande" =Rio de Janeiro.
Picolaptes squamatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 148, 1850 — Brazil
(monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 147, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, Cat. F.
Braz., i, p. 251, 1907 — Jaboticabal, Rio Feio, Sao Paulo; Marianna, Minas
Geraes (spec, examined).
Picolaptes wagleri (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, note i, 1868 —
Bahia (spec, examined).
Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia (Macaco Secco,
near Andarahy), Minas Geraes (Agua Suja, near Bagagem; Mar de
Hespanha; Marianna), and Rio de Janeiro (Novo Friburgo; Colonia
Alpina, Serra dos Orgaos), and in northern Sao Paulo (Rio Feio, Jaboti-
cabal)a.
i : Brazil (Macaco Secco, near Andarahy, Bahia i).
a Ten specimens from Agua Suja, Minas Geraes are somewhat variable, the back,
in the majority being mainly cinnamon rufous, while in two it is olivaceous brown,
320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Lepidocolaptes squamatus wagleri (Spix)*. WAGLER'S WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes wagleri SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 88, pi. 90, fig. 2, 1824 — Brazil,
exact locality unknown (type in Munich Museum examined).
Picolaptes wagleri HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3,
P- 633, 1906 — Riacho Fresco, Piauhy (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 251,
1907 — Piauhy; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67,
1910 — Riacho Fresco, Piauhy.
. Range : Northeastern Brazil, in State of Piauhy (Riacho Fresco) .
Lepidocolaptes squamatus falcinellus (Cabanis and Heine)b. SPOTTED-
HEADED WOOD-HEWER.
Thripobrotus falcinellus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 38, 1859 —
^Montevideo and Buenos Ayres", errore" (types in Coll. Heine examined).
Dendrocolaptes squamatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Akad. Wiss. for the
years 1820-21, p. 258, 265, 1822 — part, juv., Prov. Sao Paulo.
Picolaptes falcinellus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Mattodentro, Ypan-
ema, Itarar6, Prov. Sao Paulo; Curytiba, Prov. Parana (spec, examined);
just a little more rufescent than in L. s. falcinellus. The upper part of the head is
olivaceous brown, each feather with a small buff shaft spot, frequently edged with
dusky at the tip, but the hindneck never shows the slightest trace of pale markings.
Two birds from the interior of the state of Sao Paulo (Jaboticabal, Rio Feio) , four
from the Serra dos Orgaos, and one from Bahia agree with the average from Minas
Geraes.
Material. — Sap Paulo, Jaboticabal i, Rio Feio i; Colonia Alpina, Serra dos
Orgaos, Rio 4; Minas Geraes, Agua Suja 10 (Munich Museum), Mar de Hespanha i
(Frankfort Museum); Bahia i, Macaco Secco i.
s Lepidocolaptes squamatus wagleri (Spix) : Similar to L. s. squamatus, but much
smaller; pileum without buff spots, only the frontal feathers with indistinct pale
shaft lines; back, wings, and tail brighter cinnamon rufous ; breast and abdomen much
more brownish, with the dark edges to the white longitudinal stripes narrower and
less blackish; under wing-coverts deeper ochraceous. Wing (unsexed type) 89,
(female) 90; tail 80; bill 26.5-28.
Material. — The type i; Riacho Fresco, Piauhy i ( 9 ad.).
L. s. squamatus measures as follows: Wing (nine males) 97-104, (five females)
96.5-100; tail (male) 85-91, (female) 83-92; bill 25.5-29.
b Lepidocolaptes squamatus falcinellus (CABANIS and HEINE) : Similar to L. s.
squamatus, but pileum dull black, the shaft stripes much larger, deeper buff, and
carried down over the nape; back olivaceous brown; rump and tail much darker,
chestnut rufous rather than cinnamon rufous ; whitish superciliary stripe more pro-
nounced ; sides of neck with deep buff, black edged markings ; under parts olivaceous
rather than grayish, with the mesial stripes buff instead of whitish. Wing 92-100;
tail 77-87; bill 27-30.
Material examined. — Sao Paulo: Victoria 2, Ypanema 3, Itarar£ 3. Parand:
Curytiba 5, Roca Nova, Serra do Mar 3.
This well marked race represents typical squamatus in the southernmost prov-
inces of Brazil. In the state of Sao Paulo, it is found only in the wooded southern
districts, while in the more arid northern section, on the Rio Paranapanema and its
tributaries the typical race takes its place.
0 Localities no doubt erroneous as in the case of Rhopochares argentinus. See
Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 13, Part 3, p. 107, footnote a.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 321
BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 146, 1885 — Taquara do Mundo
Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 148, 1890 —
Curytiba; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 231, 1899 — Ypiranga; idem, Annu-
ario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 130, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Cat. F.
Braz., i, p. 251, 1907 — Ypiranga, Itarare', Campo de JordSo, Sao Paulo;
Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul; Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay; BERTONI,
Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. — [Sep. p. 6] — Misiones; DABBENE, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 306, 1910 — Tobay, Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag.,
p. 53, 1914 — Alto Parana; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 266, 1919 — Tobay,
Santa Ana, Misiones.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Sao Paulo (Campo do
Jordao, Ypiranga, Mattodentro, Ypanema, Victoria, Itarare) to Rio
Grande do Sul and adjacent portions of Argentina (Misiones) and Para-
guay (Alto Parana).
Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lafresnayi (Cabanis and Heine)*. LAFRES-
NAYE'S WOOD-HEWER.
Thripobrotus lafresnayi CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 38, 1859 — Caracas.
Picolaptes lafresnayi SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 627 — Caracas.
Picolaptes lacrymiger lafresnayi HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, p. 112, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo.
Picolaptes lacrymiger (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 148,
1890 — part, spec, p-r, Caracas, Venezuela.
Range: North coast mountains of Venezuela, in State of Cara-
bobo (Cumbre de Valencia) and Dept. Federal Occidental (Cerro del
Avila, Silla de Caracas).
Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger sanctae-martae (Chapman)*. SANTA MARTA
WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes lacrymiger sanctae-martae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31,
p. 150, 1912 — Valparaiso, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.
Thripobrotus lacrymiger sanctae-martae TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 276, 1922 — Las Nubes, Cincinnati, Las Taguas, Las Vegas, San
a Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lafresnayi (CABANIS and HEINE) : Similar to L. I. lac-
rymiger, but somewhat smaller; under parts considerably lighter, and much more
olivaceous; back paler olive brown, without any rufescent cast. Wing (male) 98-
105, (female) 95-100; tail 85-93; bill 24-28.
Material. — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo 4, Silla de Caracas 3, Galipan, Cerro
del Avila 20.
b Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger sanctae-martae (CHAPMAN) : Very similar to L. I. lac-
rymiger, but smaller; under parts slightly paler, the light streaks not enclosed at the
tip by their black lateral border; throat more whitish (less buff), with hardly any
dusky edges. Wing 97-104; tail 86-96; bill 26-27. Three specimens examined.
In small size and whitish throat L. 1. sanctae-martae resembles L. I. lafresnayi,
but is much less olivaceous throughout, with the light streaks below lacking the
black border at the tip.
322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Lorenzo, Pueblo Viejo, Cerro de Caracas, Chirua, Heights of Chirua,
Santa Marta Mts.
Picolaptes lacrymiger (not of DESMURS) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 271
— San Sebastian; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 148, 1890 — part, spec, a,
San Sebastian; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 100, 1899 — La Con-
cepcion; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 156, 1900 — Valparaiso, El
Libano, Las Nubes, San Lorenzo.
Range: Santa Marta Mountains in northern Colombia.
*Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lacrymiger (DesMurs). WHITE-SPOTTED
WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes lacrymiger DESMURS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 12, pi. 71, 1849 —
"Mexique", errore (the type examined in Paris Museum is from Santa F£
de Bogota).
Picolaptes lacrymiger LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 154, 1850 — Bogota
(descr.); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogota; SCLATER and
SALVIN, I.e., 1870, p. 781 — MeYida; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 524 — Medellin, Santa
Elena, Envigado, Frontino; WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 — between Ocana and
Bucaramanga; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 148, 1890 — part, spec, b-m,
Frontino, Santa Elena, Bogota, Colombia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 113, 1906 (note on type).
Picolaptes lacrymiger lacrymiger CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 423,
1917 — Paramillo Trail, Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, Popa-
yan, La Sierra, Almaguer, Miraflores, Salento, Laguneta, Santa Elena, Rio
Toch^, La Palma, La Candela, Andalucia, Aguadita, El Roble, Colombia.
Range: Subtropical Zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta Mts.
and southwestern portion) and western Venezuela (Andes of M£rida)a.
17: Colombia " (Bogota" 8, Antioquia i, San Antonio i. Laguneta
i, Paramo de Tama i); Venezuela (Culata 3, Nevados i, Escorial i).
Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger aequatorialis (Menegaux)b. ECUADORIAN
WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes warsze-wiczi aequatorialis MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 2, No. 43,
p. 389, 1912 — Banos, Ecuador (type examined); LONNBERG and RENDAHL,
Arkiv Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 70, 1922 — Gualea, below Nono, Niebli.
a Specimens from MeYida are frequently less rufescent below, but the divergency
appears to me not constant enough for their formal separation.
b Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger aequatorialis (MENEGAUX) : Extremely similar to
L. I. warscewiczi, but more rufous brown throughout. Pale shaft streaks underneath
not margined with black terminally and upper mandible horn brown, exactly as in
warscewiczi. Wing 100-108; tail 88-98; bill 27.5-30.
Birds from western Ecuador are slightly deeper colored, with the throat more
buffy yellowish.
Material. — Ecuador: Banos (including the type) 2, Baeza 3, Cayandeled 2, Santo
Domingo i, Nanegal 2, Gualea 3.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 323
Picolaptes lacrymiger (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1859, p. 140 —
Pallatanga; idem, I.e., 1860, p. 88 — Nanegal; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH,
I.e., 1885, p. 98 — San Rafael, near Banos.
Picolaptes lacrymiger warszewiezi (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BERLEPSCH and
TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 301 — Cayandeled (spec, examined).
Picolaptes warcewiezi SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149, 1890 — part, spec,
c, d, Sical, Nanegal, Ecuador.
Picolaptes warceviezi GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Gualea, Lntac, Santo
Domingo, Baeza (spec, examined).
Picolaptes warscewiczi CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 423, 1917 —
Ricuarte, Narifio, s.w. Colombia.
Thripobrotus warscewiczi aequatorialis CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32,
p. 262, 1919 — Alamor, Prov. Tumbez, Peru; Zaruma, Prov. El Oro; Gualea,
Prov. Pichincha, Ecuador; Ricuarte, Narifto, Colombia.
Range: Subtropical Zone of southwestern Colombia (Ricuarte,
Narifio), Ecuador (both slopes), and northwestern Peru (Alamor, Prov.
Tumbez).
*Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger warscewiczi (Cabanis and Heine)*. PERU-
VIAN WOOD-HEWER.
Thripobrotus warscewiczi CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 39, 1859 — Perub.
Picolaptes peruvianus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 28 — Tamiapampa,
near Chachapoyas, Peru.
Picolaptes lacrymiger (not of DESMURS) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 529 — Ropaybamba, Dept. Junin; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 232 — Tambillo; idem,
I.e., 1880, p. 201 — Cutervo.
Picolaptes warscewiczi TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 173, 1884 — Ropaybamba,
Tambillo, Tamiapampa, Cutervo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149,
1890 — part, Peru; MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., i, No. 20, p. 322, 1910 —
Cumpang, Dept. Libertad; BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1918 — Taba-
conas, Dept. Cajamarca.
Picolaptes lacrymiger warscewiezi BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1896, p. 378 — Maraynioc, Dept. Junin.
a Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger warscewiczi (CABANIS and HEINE) : Immediately-
recognizable from L. I. lacrymiger by having the buffy white shaft streaks beneath
laterally, but not terminally, margined with black. Differs from L. I. aequatorialis
by lighter, less rufescent coloration of upper and under parts, and less buffy throat.
Wing 105-112, (female) 97-107; tail 90-100; bill 27-30.
Material. — Peru: Molinopampa 3, Chachapoyas 6, Levanto i, Leimabamba 3,
Maraynioc i.
b The type in the Heine Collection which I have carefully examined is in very
poor condition. The coloration having turned "foxy" through age, it is practically
useless for comparative purpose. In size, especially length of wing (112 mm.) it
agrees, however, with examples from Molinopampa.
324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range: Northern and central Peru, from depts. Libertad, Caja-
marca, and Amazonas south to Junin*.
3 : Peru (Molinopampa 3) .
Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger carabayae Hellmayrb. INTERMEDIATE WOOD-
HEWER.
Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger carabayae HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10,
p. 81, 1920 — Chuhuasi, near Ollachea, Sierra of Carabaya, Dept. Puno, Peru.
Picolaptes lacrymiger warscewiczi (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BERLEPSCH and
STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 92, 1906 — Idma, above Santa Ana, Dept. Cuzco.
Thripobrotus warszewiczi warszewiczi CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117,
p. 86, 1921 — San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba Valley.
Range: Southeastern Peru, in depts. Cuzco (Urubamba Valley)
and Puno (Sierra of Carabaya).
Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger bolivianus (Chapman)*. BOLIVIAN WOOD-
HEWER.
Thripobrotus warscewiczi bolivianus CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 262,
1919 — Incachaca, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Picolaptes warscewiczi (not of CABANIS and HEINE) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 2, p. 93, 1889 — Yungas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149, 1890
— part, spec, a, b, Bolivia.
Range: Andes of Bolivia (western and eastern Yungas).
*Lepidocolaptes af finis af finis (Lafresnaye) . ALLIED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes affinis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 100, 1839 — Mexico.
Picolaptes affinis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 275, 1850 — Mexico
(monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149, 1890 — part, spec, a-h,
Jalapa, Mexico; Santa Barbara, Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Guate-
mala; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 185, 1891 —
B A single bird from Maraynioc approaches carabayae in the olive brown tone of
the under parts, but has the brown bill of warscewiczi.
b Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger carabayae HELLMAYR: In coloration closely similar to
L. I. warscewiczi, but bill shorter and more convex, with maxilla dull whitish (except
at extreme base). Wing 101-108; tail 91-95; bill 25-27.
Material. — Chuhuasi 4, Idma i.
0 Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger bolivianus (CHAPMAN) : Agreeing with L. I. carabayae
in whitish bill, but throat more buffy, under parts much more olivaceous, and back
slightly less rufescent. Wing 100-1 1 1 ; tail 88-97 '. bill 26-30.
Material. — Bolivia: Cocapata 6, Chaco 2, Sandillani i, San Cristobal 4, Quebrada
onda 2.
While identical in pattern with L. I. sanctae-marlae, this form is much more
olivaceous throughout, and has the throat more buffy.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 325
part, Mexico and Guatemala; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 32,
1898 — Jalapa; DEARBORN, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 108, 1907 —
Tecpam, Guatemala.
Picolaptes parvirostris SCLATER*, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 33 — Brazil, errore (type
in British Museum examined; =juv.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 150
1890 — Brazil (?).
Picolaptes affinis affinis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 261, 1911
(monogr., syn.; Mexico and Guatemala).
Range: Southern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico,
Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas) and Guatemala.
4: Guatemala (Sierra Santa Elena 3, Tecpam i).
Lepidocolaptes affinis lignicida (Bangs and Penard)b. TAMAULIPAS
WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes affinis lignicida BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 26,
1919 — Galindo, Tamaulipas.
Picolaptes affinis affinis (not of LAFRESNAYE) PHILLIPS, Auk, 28, p. 78, 1911 —
Galindo, Realito.
Range: Arid tropical hills in the region north and west of Ciudad
Victoria, Tamaulipas, eastern Mexico.
*Lepidocolaptes affinis neglectus (Ridgway). SOUTHERN ALLIED
WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes affinis neglectus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73, 1909 —
Coliblanco, eastern Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 655,
1910 — Caribbean highlands of Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
50, Part 5, p. 263, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog., synon.).
Picolaptes affinis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149,
1890 — part, spec, i-o, Costa Rica, Chiriqui; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 185, 1891 — part, Costa Rica and Chiriqui; FERRY,
Field Mus. N. H., Orn. Ser., I, p. 271, 1910 — Guayabo, Coliblanco, Volcan
de Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Boquete, Volcan de
Chiriqui) .
a The type, a specimen in juvenile plumage, with short blackish brown bill,
agrees with two others from Guatemala (Chancol) and Guerrero (Omilteme), but
is slightly smaller. The locality is no doubt erroneous. The type is evidently a
Guatemalan trade skin.
b Lepidocolaptes affinis lignicida (BANGS and PENARD): "Similar to L. a. affinis,
but very much paler and grayer throughout; back more olivaceous, less reddish
brown ; head much grayer, less brownish ; under parts paler, grayer and wholly lack-
ing the rich brown (raw umber) coloring of the under parts in L. a. affinis." BANGS
and PENARD (I.e.).
326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
26: Costa Rica (Coliblanco 9, Rancho Redondo i, Irazu i, Volcan
de Turrialba 5, unspecified i); Panama (Boquete 7, Chiriqui 2).
"Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus fuscicapillus (Pelzeln)*. DUSKY-CAPPED
WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes fuscicapillus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 63, 1868 — Engenho do
Capitao Gama, Rio Guapor6, Matto Grosso (types in Vienna Museum exam-
ined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.r 15, p. 154, 1890 — Engenho do Gama
(Brazil), Sarayacu (Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1896, p. 378 — Borgona, Chanchamayo, Peru; HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bay., II, No. i, p. 161, 1912 — Chaquimayo, Carabaya, Peru.
Picolaptes oUectus ALLENb, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 94 (footnote), 1889 —
no locality given (type in Museum Comp. Zool., Cambridge examined).
Thripobrotus fuscicapillus CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 261, 1919 —
Todos Santos, Rio Chapar6, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia; Astillero (Rio Tam-
bopata), Rio Cosireni (Urubamba), Peru; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117,
p. 86, 1921 — Rio Cosireni, Peru.
Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 80,
1919 — Chaquimayo, Peru.
Range : Upper Amazonia, from eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu) through
Peru (Borgona, Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin; Rio Cosir-
eni, lower Urubamba, Dept. Cuzco; Astillero, Rio Tambopata, Cha-
quimayo, Dept. Puno) to eastern Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio Chapare,
Dept. Cochabamba; Rio Yapacani and Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz)
and western Matto Grosso (Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore") .
i: Peru (Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo i).
*Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus madeirae (Chapman)0. MADEIRA WOOD-
HEWER.
B Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus fuscicapillus (PELZELN) is characterized, among the
plain capped forms, by cinnamon brown back; deep buff throat, and decidedly ful-
vous brown ground color of under parts, with deep buff longitudinal stripes. In
the postocular region, there are generally a few hair like buff shaft lines. Wing
(male) 97-101, (female) 90-96; tail (male) 82-93, (female) 79-85; bill 27-30
The (four) typical specimens from Engenho do Gama are somewhat duller
brown, less fulvous underneath, thus pointing to L. f. madeirae.
Material examined. — Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso 4; Buenavista i, Rio
Yapacani i, Todos Santos, Bolivia i; Chanchamayo i, Chaquimayo, Peru 2; east-
ern Ecuador 2.
b The type, although slightly faded, is unquestionably referable to the present
form. In size (wing 90; bill 27) it agrees with females of L. f. fuscicapillus.
" Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus madeirae (CHAPMAN) is intermediate between
L. f. fuscicapillus and L. f. layardi, differing from the former by creamy white (instead
of deep buff) throat and much less fulvous (dull buffy brown) under parts, with the
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 327
Thripobrotus layardi madeirae CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 261, 1919
— Porto Velho, Rio Madeira (type); Barao Melgago, Rio Machados (type
examined).
Picolaptes layardi (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, p. 27, 1891
— Santarem; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 340, 1914 — part, Boim,
Rio Tapaj6z (spec, examined).
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tapajoz
(Santarem, Boim, Villa Braga, Miritituba) to the Madeira (Porto Velho ;
Barao Melgago, Rio Machados) and Purus (Arina).
i : Brazil (Porto Velho, Rio Madeira i).
*Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus layardi (Sdater}&. LA YARD'S WOOD-
HEWER.
Picolaptes layardi SCLATER, Ibis, (3) 3, p. 386, pi. 14, 1873 — Pard; idem, Cat. B
Brit. Mus., 15, p. 155, 1890 — Para; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 525,
1906 — Para; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26,
No. 2, p. 39, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Pard; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
p. 340, 1914 — part, Pard; Sta. Maria do Sao Miguel, Rio Guama; Cameta,
R. Tocantins; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 88, 1916 — Utinga, Para.
Thripobrotus layardi layardi CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 261, 1919
— Utinga, Pard.
Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Maranhao and Para,
west to the Tocantins.
2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 2).
*Lepidocolaptes albolineatus (Lafresnaye)*. SPOTTED- CROWNED WOOD-
HEWER.
longitudinal stripes broader and almost whitish; from the latter by slightly more
brownish under parts and by lacking the conspicuous white, black edged postocular
streak.
Birds from the Tapaj6z are more grayish brown below and sometimes hardly dis-
tinguishable from L. f. layardi, of the Pard district.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
One female from Arifia, Rio Purus 94 8 1 30
Two males from Porto Velho, Rio Madeira 92,96 83, — 27.5,28
One female from Porto Velho, Rio Madeira 89 79 27
Two males from left bank of Tapajoz (Villa Braga) 95F97 87,90 28,29.5
One female from left bank of Tapaj6z (Villa Braga) 95 84.5 27
One female from right bank of Tapaj6z (Santarem) 88 74 26.5
a Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus layardi (SCLATER) : Closely allied to L. f. madeirae,
but under parts rather more grayish brown, and with a distinct postocular stripe of
buffy white, black edged feathers. Wing (five males) 90-95, (six females) 88-91;
tail (male) 80-84, (female) 77-81; bill 26-29.
Material examined. — Tury-assu, Maranhao 2, Pard i, Utinga 2, Peixe-Boi i,
Benevides 5, Santa Maria do Sao Miguel, Rio Guamd i.
b Lepidocolaptes albolineatus (LAFRESNAYE) : Easily distinguished from L. s. lin-
eaticeps (LAFRESNAYE) by smaller size, particularly shorter bill, and by having only
328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrocolaptes albolineatus LAFRESNAYES, Rev. Zool., 9, p. 208, 1846 — "Colombie
ou Mexique", errore, we suggest Cayenne (type in Mus. Comp. Zool., Cam-
bridge examined).
Picolaptes albolineatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 278, 1850 —
"Colombie ou Mexique" (descr.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Forte
do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco (spec, examined).
Picolaptes puncticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 69, 160,
1873 — Cayenne (type in Brit. Museum examined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 422
— Merume' Mts., Brit. Guiana, SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 151, 1890
— Cayenne, Merume' Mts.; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 113, 1906 — Cayenne; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., is, p. 149,
1908 — Cayenne; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 340, 1914 — Rio Jary
(S. Antonio da Cachoeira), Obidos, Rio Jamundd (Faro).
Thripobrotus puncticeps CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 126, 1921 — Merum6
Mts.
Range: Eastern Venezuela (Rio Yuruan); British and French
Guiana; and northern Brazil, south to north bank of lower Amazon
(Rio Jary, Obidos, Rio Jamunda, Manaos).
i : Brazil (Manaos i).
Lepidocolaptes souleyetii souleyetii (DesMurs). SOULEYET'S WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes souleyetii DESMURS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 12, pi. 70, 1849 —
Payta, n.w. Peru (types in Paris Museum examined).
Picolaptes souleyetii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 276, 1850 — Payta
(descr.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 114,
1906 — Payta, San Pedro, Peru (note on type).
Picolaptes souleyeti TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877, p. 323 — Tumbez; SALVIN,
I.e., 1883, p. 424 — Payta; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 174, 1884 — Tumbez,
Guadalupa; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 152, 1890 — part, spec, d, e,
San Pedro, Payta.
Range: Northwestern Peru (in prov. of Piura and Tumbez) and
southwestern Ecuador (in prov. of Loja and El Oro).
the top of the head marked with minute buff spots, apically edged with black.
Besides, the back is darker, much less russet brown, and the ground color of the under
parts grayish brown instead of buffy or wood brown, with the light longitudinal stripes
much narrower as well as more whitish. Wing (male) 82-88, (female) 78-85; tail
(male) 71-78, (female) 69-76; bill 21-24. The type measures: Wing 87; tail 78;
bill 24.
Material examined. — French Guiana 41, Venezuela (Rio Yuruan) 2, Forte do
Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco i, Obidos i, Manaos i.
• Although the name albolineatus had universally been applied to another spe-
cies, the type (now Mus. C. Z. Cambridge, No. 77118, Lafresnaye Coll. No. 2238),
proves to be referable, without any trace of doubt, to the bird known as P. puncti-
ceps. Except for its bleached bill and slightly "foxy" coloration, due to fading, it
corresponds exactly to the original description and the large series in the Carnegie
Museum with which it was compared.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR. 329
*Lepidocolaptes souleyetii esmeraldae Chapman*. ESMERALDAS WOOD-
HEWER.
Lepidocolaptes souleyeti esmeraldae CHAPMAN, Aner. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 18, Aug.
1923 — Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
Picolaptes souleyetii (not of DEsMuns) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 278 — •
Bababoyo; idem, I.e., p. 293 — Esmeraldas.
Picolaptes souleyeti BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 563 —
Guayaquil; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 98 — Yaguachi; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
IS» P- 152, 1890 — part, spec, a-c, Esmeraldas, Babahoyo; SALVADORI and
FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 26, 1899 — Savanna of Guaya-
quil, Vinces, Balzar; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 616, 1902 — San Javier,
Bulun, Pambilar, n.w. Ecuador.
Picolaptes albolineatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 423, 1917 — part, Barbacoas, Tumaco.
Range: Tropical Zone of western Ecuador and adjacent parts of
southwestern Colombia (Prov. of Narifio).
i : Ecuador (Ana Maria, Prov. Guayas i).
*Lepidocolaptes souleyetii lineaticeps ( Lajresnaye) b. STRIPED-CROWNED
WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes lineaticeps LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 277, 1850 — locality
unknown (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge examined)0; BANGS,
Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 25, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama.
Picolaptes albolineatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 524 — Remedios, Santa Elena; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 152, 1890 — part, spec, a-f, Bogota, Santa Elena, Remedios; CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 423, 1917 — part, Rio Salaqui, Puerto Valdivia,
Rio Frio, Cali, Honda, Buenavista, Villavicencio, Colombia.
Dendrornis tenuirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
N. Y., 7, p. 292, 1862 — Panama.
Picolaptes compressus (not of CABANIS) SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 7, 1899 — Punta de Sabana, Darien.
a Lepidocolaptes souleyetii esmeraldae CHAPMAN: Resembling L. s. souleyetii,
but throat darker; stripes of under parts deeper buff, with the blackish borders less
pronounced and the lateral margins wood brown rather than grayish brown; bill
slightly shorter.
This is rather an unsatisfactory race. While six (out of seven) specimens from
Prov. Esmeraldas (San Javier, Vacqueria, Pambilar), when compared with five from
northwestern Peru, differ as stated above, nine from southwestern Ecuador (Guaya-
quil, yinces, Balzar) are so variously intermediate that they might, with equal jus-
tification, be referred to either of the two races.
b Lepidocolaptes souleyetii lineaticeps (LAFRESNAYE) merely differs from L. s. esmer-
aldae, of northwestern Ecuador, by darker horn brown maxilla, narrower buff stripes
on crown and under parts, deeper rufous of rump, wings and tail, more pronounced
dusky tips to primaries, and by having the feathers of the lower throat edged with
dusky. It is unquestionably but its northern representative.
0 The type (Mus. C. Z. No. 77119, Lafresnaye Coll. No. 2227) agrees, in size and
coloration, with average "Bogota" skins of the bird called P. albolineatus by authors.
330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Picolaptes lineaticeps lineaticeps RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 264, 1911 — eastern Panama (monog.).
Range: Tropical Zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta district),
Panama (Loma del Leon, Panama, Punta de Sabana), and adjacent
portion of western Venezuela (San Cristobal, Prov. Tachira)8.
i: Venezuela (Ortisa, San Cristobal, Tachira i).
*Lepidocolaptes souleyetii littoralis (Hartert and Goodson)b. CARIB-
BEAN WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes albolineatus littoralis HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 417,
1917 — Quebrada Secca, State of "Cumand" [ = Bermudez], Venezuela (type
examined).
Picolaptes albolineatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond..
1868, p. 167 — Pilar and Carupano, Bermudez; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 422 —
Roraima, Brit. Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 152, 1890 — part,
spec, g-k, Carupano (Venezuela), Roraima (Brit. Guiana); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 49, 1894 — Princestown, Trinidad; BERLEPSCH and
HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 66, 1902 — Quiribana de Caicara, Caicara, Rio
Orinoco (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, I.e., 13, p. 30, 1906 — Caparo, Trini-
dad; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 203, 1913 — Cariaquito, Paria
Peninsula; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 269, 1916 — Orinoco
Valley, up to the mouth of the Apure River.
Thripobrotus albolineatus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 127, 1921 — Roraima,
Kukenaam; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 277, 1922 —
Mamatoco, Fundaci6n, Don Diego, Tucurinca, Valencia, Santa Marta district.
Picolaptes lineaticeps (not of LAFRESNAYE) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 158,
1866 — Trinidad.
Range: Trinidad; northern Venezuela (Cariaquito, Quebrada Secca,
Celci Puede, Guiria, Pilar, Carupano, State of Bermudez; San Esteban,
Lake Valencia, Carabobo; Maracay, Aragua; Orinoco Valley up to the
mouth of the Apure River; Orope, Zulia); northern Colombia (Santa
Marta district); British Guiana (Roraima); and adjoining portion of
Brazil (Boa Vista, upper Rio Branco)0.
8 I cannot perceive any difference between specimens from the Cauca River
(Guabinas, Rio Caqueta) and a large series of "Bogota" skins. A single adult from
Tachira (San Cristobal) is also an .extreme example of the present form, agreeing par-
ticularly well with the type of P. lineaticeps.
Two birds from Panama (Loma del Leon) are identical in size and coloration of
upper parts, but differ by their somewhat paler, less rufescent lower surface, thereby
approaching L. s. littoralis.
b Lepidocolaptes souleyetii littoralis (HARTERT and GOODSON) : Very close to
L. s. lineaticeps, but decidedly smaller; back and wing-coverts paler, less rufous
brown, and general tone of under parts lighter, buffy or wood brown rather than
rufescent brown. Thirty specimens examined.
0 Although the darkest examples of this form cannot be distinguished from the
lightest extreme of lineaticeps, the majority from the Caribbean coast are decidedly
paler and smaller, so that littoralis may well be maintained. Birds from Carabobo
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 331
5: Venezuela (Orope, Zulia i, Lake Valencia 2, Maracay, Aragua
i); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco i).
*Lepidocolaptes souleyetii compressus (Cahanis}. THIN-BILLED WOOD-
HEWER.
Thripobrotus compressus CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 9, p. 243, 1861 — Costa Rica.
Picolaptes lineaticeps (not of LAFRESNAYE) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
N. Y., 9, p. 107, 1868 — Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; SALVADORI, Atti Accad.
Sci. Torino, 4, p. 179, 1868 — Costa Rica.
Picolaptes compressus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 107, 1868 —
Costa Rica; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 153, 1890 — part, sp. u-p,
Bebedero (Costa Rica), Bugaba, Mina de Chorcha (Chiriqui); SALVIN and
GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 186, 1891 — part, Nicaragua, Costa
Rica, Panama; CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 533, 1891 — Costa
Rica (crit.); RICHMOND, I.e., 16, p. 498, 1893 — San Carlos, Nicaragua; BANGS,
Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 48, 1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui; FERRY, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 271, 1910 — Guayabo, Puerto Limon,
Costa Rica.
Picolaptes compressus compressus BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1909 — Boruca, Paso
Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, Barranca, Barranca del Puntarenas, Costa Rica;
CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 656, 1910 — lowlands of Costa Rica
(habits).
Picolaptes lineaticeps compressus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 265, 1911 — western Panama to Nicaragua (monog.).
and the Caracas region are identical with those from Bermudez and Trinidad, and
two specimens from Aracataca (Santa Marta district) do not differ either. Ten
skins from the middle stretches of the Orinoco (Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara) appear
to me referable to littoralis, and not to lineaticeps as intimated by Hartert and Good-
son. A single female from the upper Rio Branco (Boa Vista) has much narrower stripes
on the crown than any other specimen seen. This divergency should be confirmed by
a series.
MEASUREMENTS
MALES WING TAIL BILL
Four from Trinidad 89,90,91,91 79.79,79,82 — ,27,27,27.5
Three from Bermudez 92,95i95 78,81,82 — ,29,29
One from Lake Valencia 92 81 27.5
One from Orope, Zulia 89 74 24
Seven from the Orinoco 90,92,93, 93, 76,77,81,81, 26,26.5,27,
93,94,96 81,82,85 27.5,27.5,
28,29
FEMALES
Four from Trinidad 82,85,85,86 72,72,73,73 25,26,26,26
One from Bermudez 87 73 26
One from San Esteban 82.5 78 26
One from Lake Valencia 86 77 27
One from Maracay, Aragua 86 76 27
Two from the Orinoco 84,89 72,78 25.5,28
Two from Aracataca (Sta Marta) 79,82 70,74 26,26
One from the Rio Branco 87 79 26
332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Picolaptes gracilis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, p. 542, 1889 — Monte
Redondo, Costa Rica (=juv.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 154, 1890
— Monte Redondo; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
p. 187, 1891 — Monte Redondo.
Range: From western Panama (Bugaba, Boquete, David, Divala,
Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui) through Costa Rica to Nicaragua.
15: Costa Rica (Port Limon i, Limon 2, Orosi i, Guayabo 3);
Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua i, San Geronimo, Chinandega
7)-
*Lepidocolaptes souleyetii insignis (Nelson). NORTHERN THIN-BILLED
WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes compressus insignis NELSON, Auk, 14, p. 54, 1897 — Otatitlan, Vera
Cruz, Mexico.
Picolaptes compressus (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 153,
1890 — part, spec, a-m, Mexico, Belize (Brit. Honduras), Poctum, Chisec,
Rio de la Pasion, Retalhuleu, Volcan de Agua, Volcan de Fuego, [El] Baul
(Guatemala), Puerto Cabello (Honduras); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, p. 1 86, 1891 — part, Mexico, British Honduras, Guatemala,
Honduras; BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 151, 1903 — Ceiba, Yaruca,
Honduras; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 108,
1907 — Mazatenango, San Jos6, Patulul, Guatemala.
Picolaptes saturatior UNDERWOOD, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p. 59, 1898 — Gualan,
Guatemala (=juv.)a.
Picolaptes lineaticeps insignis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 266,
1911 — Honduras to Mexico (monog.).
Range: Southern Mexico (in states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Oaxaca,
Guerrero, and Vera Cruz) and through Guatemala, Salvador, and Brit-
ish Honduras south to Honduras.
8: Mexico (unspecified 3); Guatemala (Mazatenango i, San Jose",
Esquintla i, Patulul, Solola 3).
*Lepidocolaptes fuscus fuscus ( Vieillot). SLENDER-BILLED WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendr ocopus fuscus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 26, p. 117,
!8i8 — "Bre'sil" (the type examined in the Paris Museum was obtained by
Delalande, Jr., near Rio de Janeiro).
(?) Picolaptes guttata LESSON, Cent. Zool., p. 93, pi. 32, 1831 — "Mexique".
• Guatemalan specimens are perfectly identical with others from Mexico. The
type of P. saturatior was obviously a young bird, as indicated by its short, blackish
bill. No specimens from south of Guatemala examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 333
Picolaptes Koeniswaldianus (sic) BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 73, Jan. 1901 —
Djaguarasapa, Alto Parand, Paraguay.
Picolaptes tenuirostris apothetus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, p. 188,
Dec. 1901 — Sapucay, Paraguay (type examined); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 25, p. 131, 1902 — Sapucay.
Picolaptes fuscus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 278, 1850 (crit.) ; MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 113, 1906 — part,
spec, a, b, Rio de Janeiro (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 252, 1907 —
Ypiranga, Alto da Serra, Rio Mogy Guassii, Sao Sebastiao, Villa Bella, Iguap£,
Ubatuba, Avanhandava, Bauru, Rio Peio, Itapura, Prov. Sao Paulo; Ilha
Grande, Rio de Janeiro; Espirito Santo.
Dendrocolaptes tenuirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th.
Bras., 3, p. 14, 1856 — Novo Friburgo; EULER, Journ. Orn., 15, p. 399, 1867 —
Cantagallo (nest and egg descr.).
Picolaptes tenuirostris PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Re-
gisto do Sai, Sapitiba, Prov. Rio; Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo; SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 151, 1890 — part, spec, c-e, Sao Paulo, Rio; IHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 232, 1899 — Ypiranga, Iguap£, Prov. Sao Paulo; idem,
l.c., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; EULER, I.e., 4, p. 64, 1900
(egg. descr.); MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182,
1905 — Caminho de Couto, Itatiaya.
Thripobrotus tenuirostris CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo.
Picolaptes fuscus apothetus CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 533 — Sapucay, Paraguay;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 23, p. 319, 1912 — Mburerd, Para-
guay.
Picolaptes fuscus fuscus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220, 1909 —
Piray, Misiones; HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 145, 1915 —
Braco do Sul and Engenheiro Reeve, Espirito Santo (crit.).
Picolaptes fuscus koeniswaldianus BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 358, 1914 — Para-
guay; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 265, 1919 — Puerto Segundo, Misiones.
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo and Minas Ger-
aes (Rio Jordao) south to Parana (Serra do Mar), and adjacent dis-
tricts of Argentina (Misior°s) and Paraguay (Sapucay, Mburero, Alto
Parana)".
4: Brazil, Prov. Sao Paulo (Victoria i, Sao Sebastiao 2, Fazen-
da Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema i).
*Lepidocolaptes fuscus tenuirostris (Lichtenstein}b. NORTHERN SLEN-
DER-BILLED WOOD-HEWER.
a A specimen from Sapucay, Paraguay (type of P. t. apothetus) proves to be iden-
tical with a series from Sao Paulo. When describing it, H. C. Oberholser had only
Bahia skins ( = tenuirostris) for comparison.
b Lepidocolaptes fuscus tenuirostris (LICHTENSTEIN) : Similar to L. f. fuscus, but
wings and bill decidedly longer, and dusky brown edges to buff spots on lower parts
334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrocolaptes tenuirostris LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the
years 1818-19, p. 202, 1820; idem, I.e., for the years 1820-21, p. 265, 1822 —
Rio Sao Francisco, Prov. Bahia.
Picolaptes fuscus atlanticus CORY, Field Mus. N. H., Orn. Ser., I, p. 341, 1916 —
Serra Baturite", Ceara.
Picolaptes tenuirostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 151, 1850 — Brazil
(descr.) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 151, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Bahia.
Picolaptes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc.
Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 113, 1906 — part, spec, c, d, Bahia.
Picolaptes fuscus tenuirostris LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilhe"os —
Belmonte, Bahia.
Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Ceara.
i: Brazil (Serra Baturite, Ceara i).
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris praedatus (Cherrie}*. CHERRIE'S NAR-
ROW-BILLED WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes angustirostris praedatus CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35,
p. 187, 1916 — Conception del Uruguay, Entrerios (type examined).
Picolaptes angustirostris (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1869, p. 161 — near Buenos Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 201,
less pronounced. The other differences supposed to exist between the two races
prove to be inconstant.
The type of P. f. atlanticus is perfectly similar to Bahia skins. The late C. B.
Cory compared it with specimens from SSo Paulo, erroneously supposed to repre-
sent tenuirostris.
MEASUREMENTS
L. fuscus fuscus WING TAIL BILL
Two adults from Rio de Janeiro 78,8 1 ?ii74 24,25
One male from Rio Jordao, Minas
Geraes 80 75 23
Two males from Esiprito Santo 81,83 75,77 23,24
Four males from Sao Paulo 76,76,78,78 70,71,74,75 23,24,24,25
Four females from Sao Paulo 74,76,76,78 66,68, — ,73 23.5,24,24, —
One male from Serra do Mar, Parana 81 76 24
One male from Paraguay (Sapucay) 74 66 23
L. fuscus tenuirostris
Five adults from Bahia 84,85,86,87,88 69,75,76,77, 26-27
77
One male from Ceara 87 77 26
a Lepidocolaptes angustirostris praedatus (CHERRIE) : Differs from L, a. angustir-
ostris by generally larger size, much longer bill, much more heavily streaked under
parts, and by having the back strongly suffused with olive brown, the duller rufous
color being reduced to the median portion of the feathers. Wing 100-106, once 96;
tail 80-87 ; bill 38-40.
Birds from Buenos Aires are identical with those from Concepcion del Uruguay,
and Corrientes. A single male from Misiones (Puerto Segundo), while typical in
coloration, is smaller (wing 96; tail 81; bill 35), thereby approaching L. a. angus-
tirostris.
Material examined. — Concepcion del Uruguay 4, Arroio Gualeguaychu, Entre-
rios i, Corrientes i, Buenos Aires 2, Misiones (Puerto Segundo) i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 335
1888 — part, Buenos Aires, Entrerios; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 155,
1890 — part, spec, a-d, Paysandu (Uruguay), Corrientes, Buenos Aires; APUN,
Ibis, 1894, p. 184 — Rio Negro, Uruguay; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool.,
16, p. 219, 1909 — part, La Soledad (Entrerios), Barracas al Sud (Buenos
Aires); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 134 — part, Santa Elena, Entrerios; MARELLI,
El Hornero, I, p. 78, 1918 — San Miguel, near Curuzu-Cuatia, Corrientes;
idem, I.e., i, p. 225, 1919 — Curuzu-Cuatia; TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 20, 1920 —
Uruguay.
Picolaptes angustirostris angustirostris DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18,
p. 307, 1910 — part, Entrerios, Barracas al Sud; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr.
Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 643, 1924 — Entrerios, Barracas al Sud.
Dendrocolaptes bivittatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY,
Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, p. n, 1838 — part, Corrientes (spec, in Paris
Museum examined).
Lepidocolaptes atripes (not of EYTON) HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 113 —
Buenos Aires; BARROWS, Auk, I, p. 21, 1884 — Concepcion del Uruguay (spec,
examined).
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris SERIE and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, p. 49, 1923 —
Santa Elena, Entrerios.
Range: Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, east and south of
the Parana, in provinces of Entrerios, Corrientes, and Misiones, also
near Buenos Aires (Barracas al Sud, and islands of the Parana).
*Lepidocolaptes angustirostris angustirostris (Vieillof). NARROW-
BILLED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocopus angustirostris VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26, p. 116,
1818 — based on Azara No. 242, Paraguay.
Picolaptes angustirostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 151, 1850 —
Paraguay; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 433 — Cosquin, Cordoba; BER-
LEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 15, 1887 — Lambare", Paraguay; SCLATER and
HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 201, 1888 — part, Cordoba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 155, 1890 — part, spec, e-h, Fuerte de Andalgala (Catamarca),
Mendoza; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 132 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; idem,
I.e., 1901, p. 227 — Concepcion and Paraguayan Chaco; SALVADORI, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — part, San Lorenzo (Jujuy),
Tala (Salta); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tafi Viejo
and Cruz Alta, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 54,
1905 — same localities; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana and Tapia,
Tucuman; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 — Oran, Salta;
HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 219, 1909 — part, Mocovi (Santa
Fe"), Santa Ana, Tapia (Tucuman), Valle de Lerma (Salta), Mendoza; CHUBB,
Ibis, 1910, p. 534 — Sapucay, Paraguay; GRANT, I.e., 1911, p. 134 — part,
Riacho Ancho (Santa F£), Colonia Mihanovitch (Terr. Formosa), Tayni,
Desaguadero, Sapatero Cue" (Paraguay).
Picolaptes angustirostris angustirostris DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18,
p. 307, 1910 — part, Catamarca, Mendoza, Cordoba, Jujuy, Tucuman, Salta,
Chaco; idem, I.e., 23, p. 318, 1912 — San Rafael, Paraguay.
336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, p. 73, 1923 — plains of
La Rioja.
Picolaptes sp. inc. WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 — Fuerte de Andalgala,
Catamarca.
Picolaptes falcinettus (not of CABAMS and HEINE) STEMPELMANTC and SCHULZ,
Bol. Ac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba.
Range: Paraguay and northern Argentina, from the right bank
of the Parana in provinces of Santa Fe, Formosa, and Chaco west to Cor-
doba, Mendoza, La Rioja, Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy*.
2: Argentina (Tucuman i, Santa Barbara, near Tucuman i).
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris certhiolus (Todd)b. BOLIVIAN NARROW-
BILLED WOOD-HEWER.
Picolaptes bivittatus certhiolus TODD, Proc. BioL Soc. Wash., 26, p. 173, 1913 —
Curiche, Rio Grande, Bolivia (type examined).
Picolaptes angustirostris (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 155, 1890 — part, Bolivia-
Range : Central Bolivia, plains at the eastern base of the Andes in
southwestern section of Dept. of Santa Cruz (Curiche, near Cabezas,
Rio Grande; Guanacos, in the Chiriguanos country).
•
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris hellmayri Naumburg'. HELLMAYR'S
WHITE-BROWED WOOD-HEWER.
• Lepidocolaptes a. angustirostris possibly requires subdivision, birds from west-
ern Argentina (Tucuman, Salta) being as a rule more heavily streaked underneath
than those from Paraguay. There is, however, so much individual and seasonal
variation that a far larger series should be compared than has been available in the
present connection.
Material examined. — Paraguay: Conception i, Bernalcue, near Ascunci6n 4,
Puerto Pinasco 3, Rio Negro i, Trinidad i; Rio Pilcomayo, Fortin d'Orbigny i,
Villa Montes i; Tucuman tity i, Santa Barbara i, Tapia 2; Salta, Rio Bermejo 3,
Miraflores, Oran 5 ; Cosquin, Cordoba i ; Mendoza i.
b Lepidocolaptes angustirostris certhiolus (TODD) : Identical with L. a. angustiros-
tris, from Paraguay, in dimensions and coloration of under parts, but cinnamon ru-
fous of back, wings and tail decidedly lighter. Wing (two adult males) 100, 101;
tail 78, 85; bill 31, 32.
It is very reluctantly that I admit this form as distinct. While, according to my
view, quite different from L. a. bivittatus, the three specimens (in the Carnegie Mus-
eum) closely resemble Paraguayan skins of angustirostris in size, relatively slight
grayish brown streaking of under parts, and brownish edges to the upper back.
The only constant divergency I can discover is the decidedly lighter cinnamon rufous
color of the upper parts. Additional material is required to prove the constancy of
this character.
Specimens examined. — Bolivia: Curiche, Rio Grande i, Guanacos 2.
e Lepidocolaptes angustirostris hzllmayri NAUMBURG: Similar to L. a. bivittatus,
but larger, with longer, more powerful bill; back, wings, and tail generally of a deeper
rufous; under parts conspicuously streaked with dusky or blackish brown, especially
on the sides. Similar also to L. a. angustirostris and L. a. certhiolus, but larger, with
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 337
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris hettmayri NAUMBURG, Auk, 42, p. 421, 1925 —
Chilon, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (type examined).
Picolaptes angustirostris (not of VIEELLOT) SALVADORI, BolL Mus. Zool. Torino, 12,
No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — part, San Francisco, Caiza, Prov. Tarija; LONNBERG,
Ibis, 1903, p. 454 — San Luis, Tarija.
Range: Subtropical Zone of the Andes of Bolivia, in provinces of
Cochabamba (Vinto, Parotani, Tujma, San Jose, Olgin, Trigal, Rio
Mizque), Santa Cruz (Chilon, Valle Grande, Samaipata), and Tarija
(Tarija).
*Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bivittatus (Licktensteiri). WHITE-
BROWED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes bivittatus LICHTENSTEIN», Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the years
1820-21, p. 258, 266, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1822 — "in provincia Sao Paulo"; LAFRES-
NAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.f 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, p. n, 1838 — part, Chiqui-
tos (spec, in Paris Museum examined).
Picolaptes bivittatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 152, 1850 — Sao
Paulo; BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 17, 1856 — Sete Lagoas,
Minas Geraes; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Cimeterio [do Lambari],
Irisanga (Sao Paulo), Jose1 Diaz (Goyaz), Cuyaba, Caicara (Matto Grosso)
(spec, examined); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 375
— Lagoa Santa, Paracatu, Minas Geraes; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
P- *55i 1890 — part, spec, b-j, Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil, and Bolivia;
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 114, 1893 — Piedra Blanca (Chiqui-
tos, Bolivia), Corumba, Chapada (Matto Grosso); SALVADORI, Boll. Mus.
Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 13, 1895 — Corumba; idem, I.C., 15, No. 378,
p. 8, 1900 — Urucum; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 253, 1907 — Rincao,
Franca, Barretos, Itarare' (Sao Paulo), Porto da Faya (Matto Grosso) ; GRANT,
Ibis, 1911, p. 135 — Riacho Paraguay, Matto Grosso.
Picolaptes angustirostris bivittatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 65, 1908 — Goyaz,
Rio Araguaya, Rio Thesouras, Faz. Esperanca, Prov. Goyaz.
longer bill, and upper parts much brighter chestnut rufous, without any trace of
brownish suffusion. Wing (five males) 105-111, (eight females) 98-104; tail (male)
88-96, (female) 78-90; bill 35-40.
This form combines the plain rufous back of the eastern group (bivittatus,
coronatus), with the streaked under parts of the western races (angustirostris, certhi-
olus), differs, however, from both by larger size and longer bill, in which respect it
closely resembles praedatus, of the La Plata region. All specimens so far examined,
are from altitudes between 5,600 and 9,000 ft. It clearly replaces its allies in the Sub-
tropical Zone of the Andes of central Bolivia, while on the north slope, at Buenavista,
and at their eastern base, around Cabezas and Abapo, other forms, L. a. bivittatus and
L. a. certhiolus respectively, are met with.
Material examined. — Bolivia, Prov. Cochabamba: Vinto 2, Parotani 2, Tujma i,
Cochabamba i. Prov. Santa Cruz: Chilon 2, San Jos£ (Rio Mizque) 2, Olguin 2,
Trigal i, Samaipata i, Valle Grande i. Prov. Tarija: Tarija 3.
» Dendrocopus maculatus VIEILLOT (Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d.t 26, p. 117,
1818; idem, Tabl. enc. meth., Ornith., livr. 91, p. 625, 1822 — "Bresfl") which
PUCHERAN (Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 5, p. 483, note i, 1853) identified with D. bivittatus
338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
(?) Dendrocolaptes rufus WiEDa, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1130, 1831 — inte-
rior of Minas Geraes and Bahia (type lost).
Range: Plains of eastern Bolivia (Buenavista; Prov. del Sara;
Chiquitos) and the central Brazilian plateau, in states of Sao Paulo,
Matto Grosso, Minas Geraes, and Goyazb.
2: Bolivia (Buenavista 2).
*Lepidocolaptes angustirostris coronatus (Lesson)0. PIAUHY WOOD-
HEWER.
Dendrocolaptes bivittatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 87, pi. 90,
fig. i, 1824 — Piauhy (spec, in Munich Museum examined).
Picolaptes coronatus LESSON, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — based
on SPIX, Av. Bras., i, pi. 90 [fig. i], Piauhy.
Picolaptes bivittatus ALLEN, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, p. 80, 1876 — Santarem; SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 525, 1906 — Monte Alegre; idem, I.e., 61, p. 527,
1913 — Monte Alegre and Maraj6; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 340, 1914 —
Monte Alegre; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67,
1910 — Barroca do Maranhao, Piauhy (spec, examined).
LICHTENSTEIN, cannot possibly refer to this species, since it is stated by the describer
to be one of the smallest members of the family, not exceeding in size the European
Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs). The type is no longer to be found in the Paris Museum.
0 Wied's description of the under parts could apply to either L. a. bivittatus or
L. a. coronatus, and might even have been taken from a pale bellied example of
L. a. bahiae. No material being available from the type locality (presumably the
region around Cidade da Conquista in southern Bahia, near the frontier of Minas
Geraes), the question cannot be decided. Unfortunately, the type has disappeared
(see ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 248, 1889).
b Specimens from Matto Grosso and eastern Bolivia are identical with a series
of topotypes from Sao Paulo, while birds from Minas and Goyaz average more buffy
underneath, thus pointing to L. a. coronatus.
Material examined. — Bolivia: Buenavista 5, Prov. del Sara 3, Rio Dolores,
Prov. del Sara i, Palmarito, Rio San Julian, Chiquitos i, Puerto Suarez i. Brazil:
Matto Grosso, Cuyabd 2, Caicara i, Descalvados i, Villa Maria i, Urucum 7, Pal-
miras 2, Chapada 4, Corumbd i; Goyaz, Fazenda Esperan§a 3, Jaragua i, Leopol-
dina i, Goyaz 2; Minas Geraes, Agua Suja, near Bagagem 3; Sao Paulo, Cimeterio
do Lambari 4, Irisanga 2, Itarare" i.
0 Lepidocolaptes angustirostris coronatus (LESSON) : Nearly allied to L. a. bivittatus,
but under parts deeper, warm buff, and under tail-coverts buckthorn brown or ochra-
ceous tawny, without or with very faint whitish markings. Wing (males) 97-105;
tail 79-87; bill 34-39-
This form is exactly intermediate between L. a. bivittatus and L. a. bahiae. While
generally decidedly more buffy beneath, some specimens, notably one from the Bar-
roca do Maranhao, actually referred by Reiser to bivittatus, are practically indistin-
guishable from the birds of the central provinces of Brazil. Examples from the Rio
Grande and Rio Preto in northwestern Bahia form the transition to L. a. bahiae,
and a male secured by Reiser at the Fazenda Estreito is quite as deeply ochraceous
below as certain pale bellied trade skins from Bahia. The few specimens seen from
the lower Amazon (Santarem, Maraj6) are apparently identical with the series from
Maranhao and Piauhy.
Material examined. — Para: Santarem 3, Maraj6 i. Maranhao: Cod6 5. Piauhy:
Parnagua 2, Lake Missao i, unspecified i (the type). Bahia: Rio Grande, Faz. Estre-
ito i, Faz. da Fora i, Boa Vista i, Barra i ; Rio Preto, Faz. Taboa i, Sao Marcello i .
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 339
Picolaptes bivittatus bahiae (not of HELLMAYR 1903) HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2.
Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 633, 1906 — Piauhy; REISER, Denks. math,
naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — part, Barra do Rio Grande, Faz.
da Fora, Faz. Estreito, Boa Vista, Rio Grande, Taboa, Rio Preto, Bahia;
Parnagud and Lake Missao, Piauhy (spec, examined).
Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Para (Santarem, Maraj6),
Maranhao, Piauhy, and northwestern Bahia (Rio Grande, Rio Preto).
7: Brazil (Santarem i, Codo, Maranhao 5, Sao Marcello, Rio
Preto, Bahia i).
*Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bahiae (Hellmayr)*. TAWNY WOOD-
HEWER.
Picolaptes bivittatus bahiae HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien., 53, p. 219,
1903 — Bahia; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67,
1910 — part, Joazeiro (spec, examined).
Picolaptes bivittatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 155, 1890 — part, spec, a, Bahia.
Range : Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Ceara, and extreme
eastern Piauhy (Serra do Ibiapaba).
ii : Brazil, Ceara Qua 2, Quixada 4); Piauhy (Deserto i, Ibia-
paba 4).
Genus CAMPYLORHAMPHUS Bertoni.
Xiphorhynchus (not of SWAINSON, June 1827) SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, No. n,
P- 354i Sept.-Dec. 1827 — type by orig. desig. Dendrocolaptes procurvus TEM-
MINCK.
Campylorhamphus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 70, 1901 — type Campylor-
hamphus longirostris BERTONI = Dendrocopus falcularius VIEILLOT.
Xiphornis OBERHOLSER, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 64, 1905 — type Dendroco-
laptes procurvus TEMMINCK.
"Campylorhamphus falcularius ( Vieilloi). BLACK-BILLED SICKLE-BILL.
Dendrocopus falcularius VIEILLOT, Tabl. enc. me'th., 2, livr. 91, p. 626, 1822 —
"Bresil"; VIEILLOT and OUDART, Galerie Ois., i (2), p. 286, pi. 175, circa 1825
— Organ Mts., Prov. Rio de Janeiro (type in Paris Museum examined).
Dendrocolaptes procumus TEMMINCK**, Rec. PI. col., livr. 5, pi. 28, 1820 — Brazil
(part, plate only, but not the description).
a Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bahiae (HELLMAYR): Similar to L. a. coronatus,
but under parts even darker, deep ochraceous or clay color. Wing (male) 96-102;
tail 8p-88; bill 33-38.
Birds from Ceard average slightly darker beneath than those from Bahia col-
lections.
Material examined. — Bahia: trade skins 15, Joazeiro i ; Ceara 6; Piauhy 5.
b The plate no doubt represents the black-capped species with blackish bill
while Temminck's description was obviously based on an example of the red billed
C. trochilirostris. The text to livr. i to 20 of Temminck's work is supposed to have
340 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Campylorhamphus longirostris BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 70, 1901 — 'Alto
Parand, Paraguay.
Xiphorhynchus trochUirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1820) LAFRESNAYE, Rev.
Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 374, 1850 — Organ Mts., Rio de Janeiro (monog.); BUR-
MEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 16, 1856 — Novo Friburgo.
Xiphorhynchus procurvus (not of TEMMINCK) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868
— Rio de Janeiro; Mattodentro and Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo (spec, exam-
ined); CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro;
BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 147, 1885 — Taquara, Rio
Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 158, 1890 — Novo Friburgo,
Rio de Janeiro, "Bahta" (errore); BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming
Bird, 2, p. 44, 1892 — Porto Real, Rio (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 3, p. 233, 1899 — Tiete, Ypiranga; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo,
Novo Friburgo; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 130, 1899 —
[Taquara do] Mundo Novo; RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13,
p. 182, 1905 — Morro dos Carneiros, Itatiava.
Xiphorhynchusfalcularius CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 161, 1889 —
Brazil (monog.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, p. 115, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro, Porto Real, and Rio Grande do Sul (diag.,
crit. on type) ; IHERING and IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 253, 1907 — Ypiranga,
Tiete", Sao Paulo; Espirito Santo.
Campylorhamphus falcularius DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 335, 1914 —
Santa Ana, Misiones.
Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo
and Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul, and adjacent districts of Para-
guay (Puerto Bertoni) and Argentina (Misiones)'.
i: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro i).
Campylorhamphus multostriatus (Snethlage)b. MANY-STRIPED SICKLE-
BILL.
Xiphorhynchus multostriatus SNETHLAGE, Orn. Monatsber., 15, p. 161, 1907 —
Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins (type examined); idem, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 530,
1908 — Arumatheua; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 342, 1914 — Arumatheua.
Campylorhamphus multostriatus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 527, 1913 — Rio
Tocantins.
Range: Northern Brazil, on the left bank of the Tocantins (Aru-
matheua).
been issued with livr. 21 in April 1822, or even later (see STRESEMANN, Anzeiger Orn.
Ges. Bay., 7, p. 55, 1922); but if SHERBORN (Ibis, 1898, p. 487) is correct in
assuming that the scientific (latin) names of the birds figured in these early parts
were printed on the back of the wrappers, Dendrocolaptes procurvus TEMMINCK will
have to be accepted as the oldest title for D. falcularius VIEILLOT.
• Twelve specimens from Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul exam-
ined.
b Campylorhamphus multostriatus (SNETHLAGE) : Similar to C. t. trochUirostris in
shape and length of bill, as well as in proportions; but ground color of pileum black
instead of wood brown; back much darker rufous brown, the buff streaks much
1925- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 341
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris lafresnayanus (D'Orbigny)*. LAFRES-
NAYE'S RED-BILLED SICKLE-BILL.
Dendrocolaptes lafresnayanus D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. merid., Ois., p. 368,
pl- 53, fig- 2, 1847 — islands of the Parana, near Goya, Prov. Corrientes, and
Chiquitos, Bolivia (the marked type examined in the Paris Museum is from
Chiquitos, Bolivia).
Xiphorhynchus rufo-dorsalis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 160, 1889 —
Corumba, Matto Grosso; ALLEN, I.e., 5, p. 114, 1893 — Corumba; SAL-
VADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 8, 1900 — Uruciim, Corumba.
and Carandasinho, Matto Grosso.
Dendrocolaptes procurvus (not of TEMMINCK) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn.
Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 12, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia; BRIDGES,
P. Z. S. Lond., 15, p. 30, 1847— plains between the Indian town of Loretto
I = Lauretto] and Trinidad, Bolivia.
Xiphorhynchus lafresnayanus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 377, 1850
— Chiquitos, Bolivia (monog.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Cuyaba
(spec, examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 160, 1889 — Bolivia
(diag.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 160, 1890 — Bolivia; KERR, Ibis,
1892, p. 133 — Fortin Donovan, lower Pilcomayo; idem, I.e., 1901, p. 227 —
larger, laterally edged with black, and extending much farther down; rump, tail,
and wings much darker, chestnut rather than hazel; throat (unmarked) plain white;
foreneck and breast much more broadly striped with buff; bill chestnut brown in-
stead of hazel. Wing (male) 95; tail 88; bill (with chord along curvature) 62.
This very distinct form approaches C. falcularius in dark coloration of bill, plain
white throat, blackish, buff streaked pileum, and chestnut wings and tail, but it is
much smaller, the bill especially so, and heavily streaked with buff both above and
below. In its ally the back is uniform Brussels brown, while underneath the chest
only shows a number of narrow, less defined, buff markings. Besides, in multostriatus
the whole rump is chestnut, whereas in falcularius this color is practically restricted
to the upper tail-coverts.
Material examined. — One male (the type) from Arumatheua, R. Tocantins.
a Campylorhamphus trochilirostris lafresnayanus (D'ORBIGNY): Nearly related to
C. t. trochilirostris, but larger, with much longer bill; coloration much more rufous,
the back being rich ferruginous, almost of the same color as wings and tail, and the
under parts bright tawny ochraceous. Bill clear hazel as in the typical race.
Birds from Matto Grosso (Cuyaba) and Paraguay (Villa Concepcion and Fort
Wheeler) are identical with three from Bolivia, including the type, while specimens
from the Argentine Parana (Puerto Bermejo, Ocampo) have, as a rule, somewhat
longer bills.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
Three males from Cuyaba (rufodorsalis) 108,110,112 95,97,105 75,76,78
Three females from Cuyabd (ruf odor salts) 103,106,107 — ,90,95 73, 73. 80
One adult (unsexed) from Chiquitos, Bolivia
(type) 112 95 73
One male from Villa Concepcion, Paraguay 107 98 76
One male from Fort Wheeler, Paraguayan Chaco no 100 81
One male from Puerto Bermejo, Terr, del Chaco no 103 90
Three males from Ocampo, Prov. Santa Fe" 111,116,118 102,104,105 95,96,100
Two females from Ocampo 102,106 95, 96 84,95
Material examined. — Brazil, Matto Grosso: Cuyaba 6. Bolivia: Chiquitos 2,
San Mateo i. Paraguay: Concepcion r, Fort Wheeler i. Argentina: Rio La Plata i,
Puerto Bermejo i, Ocampo 5.
342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Paraguayan Chaco; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 118, 1906 — Chiquitos, Rio de La Plata (crit.); HARTERT and
VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 219, 1909 — Ocampo, Prov. Santa F£ (spec,
examined).
Xiphornis lafresnayanus DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 308, 1910 —
Ocampo.
Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 135 —
Riacho Paraguay and opposite Rabicho, near Corumba, Matto Grosso.
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris lajresnayanus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 333,
1910 — Chiquitos (Bolivia), Matto Grosso, Argentina (Goya, Ocampo) (crit.);
LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 94, 1920 — western Matto Grosso.
Range : Plains of northern and eastern Bolivia (Trinidad-Lauretto,
Prov. El Beni; Rio San Mateo; Chiquitos); western Matto Grosso
(Cuyaba, Corumba, Urucum, Carandasinho, etc.) ; Paraguay (Villa Con-
cepcion ; Fort Wheeler and Fortin Donovan, Paraguayan Chaco) ; north-
ern Argentina, in Terr, del Chaco (Puerto Bermejo), and provinces of
Santa Fe (Ocampo) and Corrientes (near Goya).
*Campylorhamphus trochilirostris trochilirostris (Lichtenstein} . RED-
BILLED SICKLE-BILL.
Dendrocolaptes trochilirostris LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the
years 1818-19, p. 207, pi. 3', 1820 — Brazil; idem, I.e., for the years 1820-21,
p. 263, 1822 — Prov. Bahia (type examined); WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 141,
1821 — Rio da Cachoeira, Bahia.
Dendrocolaptes procurvus TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 5, text to pi. 28, Dec.
1820 — Brazil (but not the plate).
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris intermedius LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2),
p. 103, col. pi., fig. i, 1920 — Ilhe"os, Bahia.
Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1140, 1831 —
Rio da Cachoeira, near Ilhe'os, Bahia; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 —
part, Bahia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 154, 1889 — Brazil
(monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 159, 1890 — part, spec, c-h,
Bahia, Brazil; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19,
p. 117, 1906 — Bahia (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 254, 1907 — Bahia
Xiphorhynchus procurvus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 375, 1850
(monog.).
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris trochilirostris HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 331 ,
1910 — Bahia (monog.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 269,
1911 — part, Bahia (diag.).
Campylorhamphus procurvus ? RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 270,
1911 — Bahia (diag.).
• The plate is irrecognizable.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 343
Range: Eastern Brazil, in State of Bahia (Lamarao, Rio da Cach-
oeira, Ilhe'os)8.
i: Brazil (Bahia i).
*Campylorhamphus trochilirostris major Ridgway*. CEARA SICKLE-
BILL.
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris major RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 269, 1911 — Brazil; CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser.,
i, p. 341, 1916 — Jua and Serra Baturit£, Ceara (crit.).
Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) REISER, Denks. math, nat-
urw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — Lake Missao, near Parnagua, and
below Uniao, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy (spec, examined).
Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Ceara and Piauhy.
5: Brazil, Ceara (Serra Baturite" 2, Jua, near Iguatu 2); Piauhy
(Arara i).
*Campylorhamphus trochilirostris venezuelensis (Chapman)0. VEN-
EZUELAN SICKLE-BILL.
Xiphorhynchus venezuelensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 156, 1889
— Venezuela; PHELPS, Auk, 14, p. 365, 1897 — Cumanacoa, Bermudez, Ven-
ezuela.
a All of the many Bahia specimens examined appear to be referable to a single
form, although there is much individual variation in the width of the buff (in worn
plumage almost white) streaks on pileum, upper back, and chest. A single bird from
near the type locality of C. trochilirostris intermedius LIMA is inseparable from others
taken at Lamarao (near the city of Bahia). Twenty-four specimens from Bahia
compared.
b Campylorhamphus trochilirostris major RIDGWAY: Similar in coloration to
C. t. trochilirostris, but bill much longer, and lower throat generally distinctly edged
with brown. Wing 97-103; tail 85-95; bill 69-76.
Birds from Piauhy agree in length of bill with those from Ceara, but have the
lower throat almost unmarked, more like typical trochilirostris.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
Two males from Ceara 98,103 88,90 70,74
Two females from Ceara 98,103 90,95 72,73
Two females from Lake Missao, Piauhy 97,98 85,85 69, —
One female from below Uniao, Piauhy 97 90 76
Twenty-four examples of C. t. trochilirostris, from Bahia, measure as follows:
Wing 93-99, loo (one), 101 (two), 102 (two); tail 82-90; bill 58-64, once 66.
0 Campylorhamphus trochilirostris venezuelensis (CHAPMAN) : Nearest to C. t. ma-
jor with which it agrees in length of bill, but throat up to the chin heavily marked
with brown; pileum blackish with more ochraceous streaks; back and under parts
somewhat darker; rump, wings, and tail deeper rufous. Wing 90-102; tail 88-98;
bill 64-76.
Birds from the Orinoco Valley average paler beneath and have generally longer
bills, while a series from Colombia closely agree with specimens from the Venezuelan
north coast which we may regard as typically representing venezuelensis. Certain
examples from Colombia, by their darker rufescent brown under parts with sugges-
344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
•
Xiphorhynchus lafresnayanus (not of D'ORBIGNY) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 292, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama.
Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i,
p. 44, 1868 — part, Marabitanas and Rio Amajau, Rio Negro (spec, exam-
ined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 524 — Remedies, Colom-
bia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 159, 1890 — part, spec, a, i-s, Lion
Hill, Panama; Remedies, Bogota, Colombia; San Esteban and Caracas, Ven-
ezuela; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 188, 1891 —
part, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2,
p. 26, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool.,
9, p. 67, 1902 — Altagracia, Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara, Orinoco River.
Campylorhamphus trochiliroslris venezuelensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 331,
1910 — Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, northern Brazil (Rio Amajau) (crit.);
HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 114, 1912 — Cumbre
de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela (crit.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 424, 1917 — Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio; Villavicencio, Colombia; TODD
and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 276, 1922 — Valencia, Santa Marta
district.
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., a, p. 269,
1916 — Altagracia, Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara, R. Orinoco.
Campylorhamphus venezuelensis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 271, 1911 — Venezuela, Colombia, and eastern Panama (monog.); STONE,
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 263, 1918 — Gatun, Panama.
Range: Eastern Panama (Gatun, Lion Hill, Frijole); Colombia
(Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio; Remedies; Valencia, Santa Marta district;
Villavicencio, "Bogota"); Venezuela, north coast from Bermudez (Cu-
manacoa) west to Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia) and Tachira (San
Cristobal), south to the Orinoco Valley (Altagracia, Caicara, Quiribana
de Caicara); (?) northwestern Brazil (Rio Amajau, and Marabitanas,
Rio Negro").
3: Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua 2, La Ortiza, San Cristobal,
Tachira i).
tions of blackish lateral edges to the pectoral stripes, and irregular dusky markings
on the throat, form the transition to C. t. thoracicus.
Material examined. — Venezuela: Cumbre de Valencia 4, Silla de Caracas 3,
Galipan, Cerro del Avila 3, Maracay, Aragua 2, San Cristobal, Tachira i ; Caicara i,
Altagracia, R. Orinoco 3. Colombia: Remedios i, "Bogota" 5.
a A single, unfortunately immature, female from the Rio Amajau (tributary of
the^Rio Negro) most certainly represents an undescribed race. While agreeing in
essential characters with venezuelensis, it is of a much brighter, more rufous colora-
tion throughout. The birds recorded from the Prov. of Quixos, eastern Ecuador
(Xiphorhynchus procurvus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, p. in, 1854), and La Mor-
elia, Rio Caqueta, Colombia (Campylorhamphus trochilirostris procurvoides CHAP-
MAN/Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 424, 1917) are possibly referable to the same
form, the status of which remains to be determined by additional material.
1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 345
*Campylorhamphus trochilirostris thoracicus (Sdater)&. ERASER'S
RED-BILLED SICKLE-BIRD.
Xiphorhynchus thoracicus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 28, p. 277, 1860 — Babahoyo,
w. Ecuador; idem, I.e., p. 293 — Esmeraldas, n.w. Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI,
I.e., 1877, p. 323 — Lechugal, Dept. Tumbez, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 181,
1884 — Lechugal; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 563
— Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 99 — Yaguachi; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 2, p. 160, 1889 — Ecuador, Peru (diag.); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 26, 1899 — Rio Peripa, Ecuador.
Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 159, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, g-h, Babahoyo, Esmeraldas, Guaya-
quil, Santa Rita, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Santo Domingo
(spec, examined).
Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris thoracicus HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 616, 1902 —
San Javier and Pambilar, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (spec, examined).
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris thoracicus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 332,
1910 — western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (crit.).
Campylorhamphus thoracicus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 424, 1917
— Buenavista, Narino, s.w. Colombia.
Range : Southwestern Colombia (Buenavista, Narino), western Ecu-
ador, and Peru (Lechugal, Dept. Tumbez; Vista Alegre, Dept. Huanuco;
Puerto Bermudez, Dept. Junin).
5: Ecuador (Pambilar, Prov. Esmeraldas i, Chimbo 2); Peru
(Vista Alegre i, Puerto Bermudez i).
Campylorhamphus procurvoides (Lafresnaye)b. GUIANA SICKLE-BILL.
Xiphorhynchus procurvoides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 376, 1850 —
Cayenne (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 2, p. 158, 1889 — Cayenne (crit. on type); BERLEPSCH, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 149, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana (spec.
a Campylorhamphus trochilirostris thoracicus (SCLATER) : Nearest to C. t. ven-
ezuelensis, but with the buff streaks on upper back, foreneck and breast surrounded
by black. Ground color of under parts generally of a darker, more rufescent hue.
Birds from central Peru average somewhat larger, but do not differ in coloration.
MEASUREMENTS
WING TAIL BILL
Four males from Esmeraldas, Ecuador 95,99,102,102 90,92, 93,99 62,63,68,72
Two females from Esmeraldas 94,94 — .92 65,70
One male from Santo Domingo, Ecuador 97 87 60
One female from Chimbo, Ecuador 93 91 58
One male from Puerto Bermudez, Peru 101 98 62
One female from Vista Alegre, Peru 102 98 64
b Campylorhamphus procurvoides (LAFRESNAYE) appears to be specifically dis-
tinct from C. trochilirostris, as evidenced by the splendid series in the Carnegie Mu-
seum. Its principal characters are the dark red (walnut brown) bill and the deep
raw umber coloration, with the pale markings on the head restricted to narrow lines
346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
examined); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 341, 1914 — Rio Xingu (Vic-
toria), Cussary, Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Villa Braga), Rio Jary, Monte Alegre,
Obidos, Rio Jamundd. (Faro).
Xiphorhynchus subprocurvus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae,
p. 183, 1853 — new name for Xiphorhynchus procurvoides LAFRESNAYE.
Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 — Monte Alegre; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44,
1868 — part, Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], and Borba, Rio Madeira (spec,
examined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 422 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit.
Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 159, 1890 — part, spec, t-a1,
Bartica, Camacusa, Mazaruni River, Oyapoc, Cayenne, south bank of
Amazon.
Xiphorhynchus dorso-immaculatus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 159,
1889 — Cayenne (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined).
Xiphornis procurvoides (?) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 367, 1907 — Borba, Rio
Madeira.
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris procurvoides HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 331,
332, 1910 — French and British Guiana, northern Brazil, Borba (crit., diag.).
Campylorhamphus procurvoides SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 527, 1913 (range
in Amazonia); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 130, 1921 — British Guiana.
Range: French and British Guiana; northern Brazil, on the north
bank of the Amazon from the Jary west to Mandos, and also on its
southerly tributaries, the Tapajoz and Rio Madeira (Borba).
*Campylorhamphus pusillus pusillus (Sclaler)*. BROWN-BILLED SICKLE-
BILL.
Xiphorhynchus pusillus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 28, p. 278, 1860 — "in Nova
Grenada int." = Bogota; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 524 — Concordia,
or small elongated spots, and the back either wholly immaculate or but finely streaked
with buff on upper portion.
The variation exhibited in a series from French and British Guiana tends to show
that X. dorso-immaculatus is merely an individual variant of procurvoides. Speci-
mens from south of the Amazon are perhaps different, but I have not been able to
examine a satisfactory series.
Material examined. — French Guiana 9. British Guiana 5. Brazil: Obidos i,
Borba 4.
a Campylorhamphus pusillus pusillus (SCLATER) differs from C. trochilirostris
venezuelensis (CHAPMAN), likewise found in Colombia, by shorter, pale horn brown,
below brownish white bill, much deeper buff throat, more olivaceous tone of the
body plumage, and by the buff markings underneath extending down to the abdo-
men. Bill 54-60.
This species is probably divisible into two races. Specimens from Jimenez
(western Andes), in comparison to Bogota skins, are much darker olivaceous be-
neath, and have much deeper chestnut wings and tail, darker even than in borealis.
An adult female from Ventana, n.w. Ecuador, agrees, however, with those from
Bogotd except for its slightly darker bill. CHAPMAN (I.e., p. 425) also remarks on the
variation in Colombian skins from various localities, and discusses the affinities of
the type of C. chapmani.
Material examined. — Colombia: Bogotd 4, Concordia i, near Jimenez 3. Ecua-
dor: Ventana, Prov. Esmeraldas i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 347
Antioquia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 157, 1889 — part, Colom-
bia (descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 160, 1890 — part, spec, a-c,
Bogota, Concordia, Colombia; Ecuador; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 616,
1902 — Ventana, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (spec, examined).
Xiphorhynchus grenadensis (ex LAFRESNAYE MS.) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
p. 63, 1858 — "Rio Napo" (nomen nudum).
Campylorhamphus chapmani RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 74, 1909 —
locality unknown, probably Antioquia.
Campylorhamphus pusillus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 425, 1917
— San Antonio, Cocal, Barbacoas, western Andes; Miraflores, central Andes;
Fusugasugd and ".Bogotd", eastern Andes, Colombia (crit.); L6NNBERG and
RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 71, 1922 — road to Gualea and Santo
Domingo de los Colorados, Ecuador.
Range: Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador (Ventana, Prov.
Esmeraldas; Gualea and Santo Domingo, Prov. Pichincha).
i: Colombia ("Bogota" i).
*Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis Carriker*. COSTA RICAN SICKLE-
BILL.
Camylorhamphus pusillus borealis CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 657,
1910 — El Hogar, Costa Rica.
Xiphorhynchus pusillus (not of SCLATER 1860) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870,
p. 193 — Boquete de Chitra, Panama; BOUCARD, I.e., 1878, p. 60 — Naranjo
de Cartago, Costa Rica; ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, p. 114,
1888 — Birris de Cartago and Jimenez, Costa Rica; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 2, p. 157, 1889 — part, Costa Rica; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
IS, p- 1 60, 1890 — part, spec, e-k, Boquete de Chitra, Chitra, Chiriqui, Pan-
ama, and Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p.
189, pi. 48, fig. 2, 1891 — part, Costa Rica and Panama.
Xiphorhynchus grandis (CHERRIE MS.) BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3,
p. 48, 1902 — Volcan de Chiriqui (nomen nudum).
Campylorhamphus borealis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 272,
1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.).
Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Chitra, Boquete de
Chitra, Volcan de Chiriqui, Miramar, Bogaba).
i : Costa Rica (El Hogar i).
Campylorhamphus pucheranii (DesMurs). PUCHERAN'S SICKLE-BILL.
Xiphorhynchus pucheranii DESMURS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 12, pi. 68, 1849 —
a Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis CARRIKER: Similar to C. p. pusillus, of the
Bogota region, but buff streaking of under parts decidedly narrower; wings and tail
deeper chestnut; maxilla darker horn color.
Material examined. — Costa Rica: El Hogar i, Azahar de Cartago i, Cariblanco
de Sarapiqui i, La Estrella de Cartago i. Panama: Bogaba, Chiriqui i, Miramar i,
Chiriqui i.
348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Santa F6 de Bogotd. (type in Paris Museum examined) ; LAFRESNAYE, Rev.
Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 378, 1850 — Bogotd; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142,
1855 — Bogotd; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 161, 1890 — Bogota; GOOD-
FELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Guanacillo, w. Ecuador; MENEGAUX and HELL-
MAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 119, 1906 — Bogota.
Campylorhamphus pucker ani CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 426,
1917 — Cocal, Colombia.
Range: Andes of Colombia ("Bogota"; Cocal, western Andes) and
western Ecuador (Guanacillo) ».
Genus NASICA Lesson.
Nasica LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 311, Sept. 1830 — type by monotypy
Nasica nasalis LESSON = Dendrocopus longirostris VIEILLOT.
Nasica longirostris (Vieillot). LONG-BILLED WOOD-HEWER.
Dendrocopus longirostris VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26, p. 117,
1818 — based on "Le Grimpar Nasican" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. PromeYops,
p. 65, pi. 24, "Br6sil".
Dendrocolaptes longirostris LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Akad. Wiss. aus
den Jahren 1818-19, p. 200, 1820 (descr.); idem, I.e., aus den Jahren 1820-21,
p. 263, 1822 — Prov. Pard, Brazil.
Nasica nasalis LESSON, Traits d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 311, Sept. 1830 — based on
LEVAILLANT, pi. 24.
Nasica albicollis LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n, No. 49, p. 1165, 1844 —
Cayenne.
Nasica longirostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 383, 1850 (monogr.);
EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1852, p. 23 (generic characters); PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., I, p. 44, 1868 — Salto do Girao and Borba (Rio Madeira), Marabitanas,
Rio Negro; BARTLETT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 373 — Elvira, Peru; TACZAN-
OWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 171, 1884 — Cayenne, Elvira; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit
Mus., 13, P- 156, 1890 — Cayenne, Rio Negro, Samiria (Peru), Rio Napo,
Sarayacu (Ecuador); RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 27, 1891 — Santarem;
BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 66, 1902 — Maipures, Perico,
Nericagua, Salvajito, Munduapo, Orinoco R., Venezuela; I BERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 6, p. 437, 1905 — Rio Jurud; idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 253, 1907 — Rio
Jurud; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 115,
1906 — Brazil (type), Pebas; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 149, 1908 —
Cayenne; HELLMAYR, I.e., 14, p. 16, 1907 — Itaituba, Urucurituba, R. Tapa-
j6z; idem, I.e., p. 31, 1907 — Obidos; idem, I.e., p. 367, 1907 — Humaytha,
Borba, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 330, 1910 — Calama, Jamarysinho,
Maroins, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 525, 1906 — Maracd,
Monte Alegre, Cussary; idem, I.e., 56, p. 509, 1908 — Goyana, Villa Braga,
R. Tapaj6z; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 341, 1914 — Arumatheua, R. Tocan-
* Two specimens, including the type, from Bogota examined.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 349
tins; Cussary, Rio Tapaj6z; Ponto Alegre, Rio Punis; Maraca, Monte Alegre,
Rio Maecuni, Rio Jamunda; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
p. 269, 1916 — upper Orinoco.
Range: Northern Brazil, east to the Tocantins, south to the upper
Rio Madeira; eastern Peru; eastern Ecuador; Venezuela (upper stretches
of the Orinoco) ; French Guianaa.
Genus DRYMORNIS Eyton.
Drymornis EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 5, p. 23, 1852 — type by subs, desig., (GRAY,
1855) Nasica bridgesii EYTON.
*Drymornis bridgesii (Eyton). BRIDGES'S WOOD-HEWER.
Nasica bridgesii EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 2, p. 130, pi. 38, 1849 — "Interior of
Bolivia"1" (type in British Museum examined).
Dendrocolaptes (Nasica) gracilirostris BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249,
1860 — Rio Quinto, Prov. Cordoba.
Nasica gracilirostris BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 466, 1861 — Rio Quinto.
Dendrocolaptes bridgesii DOERING, Period. Zool. Argent., i, p. 253, 1874 — Rio
Guayquiraro, Prov. Corrientes.
Drymornis bridgesii HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220, 1909 — Cos-
quin, Cordoba; La Soledad, Entrerios; Tapia, Tucumdn.
Drymornis bridgesi LEE, Ibis, 1873, p. 133 — Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre-
rios; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613 — Pilciao, near Andalgala, Catamarca;
Monte Grande, near Buenos Aires; BARROWS, Auk, i, p. 20, 1884 — Concep-
tion, Entrerios; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 199, pi. 10, 1888 —
Argentina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 157, 1890 — Paysandu, Uru-
guay; Gualeguaychu, Entrerios; Cosquin, Cordoba; Mendoza; STEMPELMANN
and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1900 — Cordoba; SALVADORI,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — Tala, Prov. Salta; LILLO,
Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tapia, Conception, Prov.Tucuman;
idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tuc., 3, p. 54, 1905 — same localities; BAER,
Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Tapia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18,
p. 307, 431, 1910 — range in Argentina; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 20,
1920 — Canelones, Paysandii, Uruguay; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 49, 1923
— Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja.
Picolaptes Bridgosi (sic) REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 34, 1916 — Mendoza.
Range: Uruguay; Argentina, from the provinces of Corrientes and
Entrerios west to Mendoza, La Rioja, Tucuman, and Salta; once re-
corded from the vicinity of Buenos Aires (Monte Grande).
2 : Argentina (Tapia, Tucuman i, El Carrizal, Sierra de Cordoba i).
B I have not seen specimens from either Guiana or Ecuador.
b Locality most probably erroneous. The type which agrees with Argentina ex-
amples is more likely to have been obtained near Mendoza where Bridges did a good
deal of collecting.
350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Genus GLYPHORYNCHUS Wied.
Glyphorynchus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1149, 1831 — type by mono-
typy Glyphorynchus ruficaudus = Dendrocolaptes cuneatus LICHTENSTEIN.
Glyphorhynchus STRICKLAND, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, p. 28, 1841 (emendation).
Sphenorynchus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1278, 1831 (lapsus for
Glyphorynchus WIED).
Sittacilla LESSON, Compl. Buff on, 9, p. 135, 1837 — type Dendrocolaptes cuneatus
LICHTENSTEIN.
Zenophasia SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 351, 1838 — type by monotypy Zeno-
phasia platyryncha SWAINSON = Dendrocolaptes cuneatus LICHTENSTEIN.
*Glyphorynchus spirurus spirurus ( Vieillot}. WEDGE-BILL.
Neops spirurus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 31, p. 338, 1819 —
based on "Le Grimpar Sittelle" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 75,
pi. 31, fig. i, 1807, Cayenne.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus simittimus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
p. 419, 1917 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; BANGS and PEN-
ARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 64, 1918 — Rijsdijkweg, Altonaweg, Sur-
inam; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 112, 1921 — British Guiana.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn.
Normandie, 2, p. 35, 1857 — Cayenne; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1867 —
part, Rio Negro [ = Manaos], Rio Vaupe, Marabitanas, Barcellos (spec, ex-
amined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 — Bartica, Camacusa, Roraima; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 124, 1890 — part, spec, x-g1, Roraima, Camacusa,
Bartica Grove, Oyapoc, Cayenne; GOELDI, Ibis, 1897, p. 161 — Amapa; BER-
LEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 63, 1902 — Munduapo, Nericagua,
Capuano, Maipures, R. Orinoco; La Pricion, Nicare, Caura, Venezuela;
MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 — Saint Georges d'Oyapock,
Mahury, Rio Lunier, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524,
1906 — part, Amapa; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 147, 1908 — Cayenne,
Roche-Marie, Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 331, 1914 — part, Amapa, Faro (Rio Jamunda).
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus cuneatus (errore) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 31,
1907 — Obidos; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 265, 1916 —
localities on upper Orinoco and Caura (ex BERLEPSCH and HARTERT) ; BEEBE,
Trop. Wild Life, i, p. 133, 1917 — Bartica, Brit. Guiana.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudi (not of DESMURS) CHERRIE, I.e., p. 266,
1916 — foot of Mt. Duida, Venezuela.
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela (on
the Orinoco and its southerly tributary, the Caura); northern Brazil,
north of the Amazon, from Amapa west to the Rio Negro (Manaos,
Barcellos, Marabitanas, Rio Vaup6)B.
* Birds from Manaos, Obidos and Rio Branco are practically identical with those
from Guiana and the Caura Valley. Two examples from Marabitanas, upper Rio
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 351
4: Dutch Guiana (Surinam 2); Brazil (Manaos r, Conceigao,
Rio Branco i).
*Glyphorynchus spirurus castelnaudii DesMurs*. CASTELNAU'S WEDGE-
BILL.
Glyphorhynchus castelnaudii DssMuRS in Castelnau, ExpeU Am<§r. Sud, Zool.,
i, livr. 18, Ois., p. 47, pi. 15, fig. 2, 1856 — Santa Maria, lower Huallaga, Peru
(type in Paris Museum examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 750 — Chyavetas, Peru; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 25, 1899 — Gualaquiza, Rio Santiago, Rio Zamora,
Ecuador.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23,
p. 142, 1855 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 26, p. 63, 1858 — Rio Napo; PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — part, Borba; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1873, p. 270 — Chyavetas, Chamicuros, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27
— Yurimaguas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 124, 1890 — part, spec,
p-w, Sarayacu, Rio Napo, Ecuador; Bogotd; Iquitos, Chamicuros, Samiria,
Peru; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 436, 1905 — Rio Jurud; idem, Cat. P.
Braz., i, p. 245, 1907 — Rio Jurua; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 507, 1908 —
Ilha do Coata, Rio Tapaj6z; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 331, 1914 — part,
Villa Nova, Coata, Rio Tapaj6z.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudii TACZANOWSKI, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 167, 1884 —
Chamicuros, Chyavetas, Yurimaguas (crit.); idem and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1885, p. 98 — Mapoto, Ecuador (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH, Journ.
Orn., 37, p. 303, 1889 — Shanusi, near Yurimaguas (spec, examined); MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 98, 1906 — Santa
Maria, Peru; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 59, 1907 — Teff6; idem, I.e., 17,
p. 324, 1910 — Calama, Maroins, Rio Madeira; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 417, 1917 — Florencia, La Morelia, Caquetd, Colombia.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaui BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1896, p. 376 — La Gloria, Junin.
Range: Upper Amazonia, from the eastern slopes of the Andes in
Colombia ("Bogotd"; Caqueta region) through eastern Ecuador to
Negro, have the small bill of spirurus, but are somewhat more rufescent brown be-
neath, thus approaching castelnaudii. Some of the skins from the upper Orinoco
(Munduapo, Nericagua) are also barely distinguishable from the latter.
Material examined. — French Guiana 40, Surinam 2, British Guiana 4, Caura
River 4, Upper Orinoco (Munduapo, Nericagua, Capuano) 6, Manaos 4, Obidos 4,
Rio Branco i, Marabi tanas 2.
8 Glyphorhynchus spirurus castelnaudii DEsMuRS is rather an unsatisfactory race.
Upper Amazonian specimens chiefly differ by their slightly darker, more olivaceous
under parts and somewhat shorter, stouter bill. There is, however, much individual
variation, and a good many examples are hardly distinguishable from typical spirurus.
The other characters alluded to by Hartert and Goodson do not hold good.
Material examined. — Bogotd 3, Rio Napo 2, Mapoto i, Sarayacu, Ecuador i,
Iquitos 2, Yurimaguas i, Puerto Bermudez 4, Chanchamayo, Peru i, Rio Purus 15,
Maroins, Rio Machados i, Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz 6, Rio Roosevelt i, Morinho
Lyra i, Barao Melgaoo, Matto Grosso i.
352 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Peru, as far south as Dept. Junin (La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Puerto
Bermudez), and through western Brazil east to the left bank of the
Tapajoz, south to northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt, Barao Mel-
gago, Morinho Lyra)*.
5: Peru (Chanchamayo i, Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis 4).
*Glyphorynchus spirurus cuneatus (Lichtenstein)b. EAST BRAZILIAN
WEDGE-BILL.
Dendrocolaptes cuneatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the
years 1818-19, p. 204, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1820; idem, I.e. for the years 1820-21, p. 264,
1822 — Prov. Bahia; SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 89, pi. 91, fig. 3, 1824 — Para;
LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 3, cl. 2, pi. 17, 1833 — "Bre'sil."
Glyphorynchus ruficaudus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1150 — eastern
Brazil (locality not specified).
Sittasomus flammulatus LESSON, Trait£ d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 315, Sept. 1830 —
Brazil (type in Paris Museum examined; =juv.); PUCHERAN, Rev. Mag.
Zool., (2) 5, p. 489, 1853 (crit.).
Zenophasia platyryncha SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 352, 1838 — Brazil.
Clyphorhynchus cuneatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 593, 1850 (mon-
og.); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 19, 1856 — descr., hab. part,
Bahia; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 574 — Para, Capim;
LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 — Para; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 248,
1889 (crit. on Wied's types); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 124, 1890 —
part, spec, h1-©1, Para, Bahia, Brazil; GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 — Capim
River; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 280, 1905 — Igarape"-Assu, Para; SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — part, Para, Capim, Guama, San Antonio;
HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 635, 1906 — Para;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 331, 1914 — part, Para, Mocajatuba,
Providencia, Ananindeua, Maguary, Sta. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, S. Antonio do
Prata, Rio Guama, Rio Capim, Tocantins (Cameta, Baiao) ; LIMA, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilh£os — Belmonte, Bahia.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus cuneatus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, MSm. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun, 19, p. 97, 1906 (note on type of S. flammulatus LESSON); HELL-
• Birds from "Bogota" and eastern Ecuador appear to be inseparable from
Peruvian skins. Three specimens from northern Matto Grosso are not different
either, while birds from the Tapaj6z (Villa Braga) and the Rio Machados (Maroins),
by their paler throat and stronger bills, form the transition to G. spirurus cuneatus,
of eastern Brazil.
b Glyphorynchus spirurus cuneatus (LICHTENSTEIN) : Differs from G. s. spirurus
and G. s. castelnaudii by its considerably larger bill and by having the throat much
paler, buff instead of cinnamon rufous, with the olive brown edges much broader
and extended up to the chin.
Birds from the Tapaj6z, Pard and Maranhao have even larger bills than those
from Bahia, but agree in coloration.
Material examined. — Bahia 5, Maranhao i, Para district 10, Santarem 4, Colonia
do Mojuy, Santarem 5, Miritituba, R. Tapajoz 4.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 353
MAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 366, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata; idem, Abhandl.
math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 38, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi,
Ipitinga, Para district; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 87, 1916 — Utinga,
Para.
Range: Wooded region of eastern Brazil, from Bahia north to
Para, west to the right bank of the Tapaj6zB.
3: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao i, Utinga, near Para 2).
Glyphorynchus spirurus albigularis Chapman*. WHITE-THROATED
WEDGE-BILL.
Clyphorhynchus cuneatus albigularis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 18,
Aug. 1923 — Mission San Antonio, Rio ChimorS, Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Range : Amazonian slope of the Andes in southeastern Peru (Sierra
of Carabaya, Dept. Puno) and northern Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and
Cochabamba) .
*Glyphorynchus spirurus pectoralis Sclater and Salvin°. NORTHERN
WEDGE-BILL.
Glyphorhynchus pectoralis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 28, p. 299, 1860 —
Vera Paz, Guatemala.
Glyphorhynchus major SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 161, 1862 — Choctum,
Vera Paz, Guatemala.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 —
Canute, Santander; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 523—
Remedios; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 307, 1884 — Bucaramanga; SCLA-
TER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 124, 1890 — part, spec, a-o, Isabel, Rio de la
Pasion, Choctum, Guatemala; Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Chiriqui, Panama;
a WHITE (P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613) records having taken a male of Glyphor-
hynchus cuneatus at San Javier, Misiones, Argentina. This locality being so far away
from the known range of any representative of this genus, I am not inclined to accept
it without further evidence. The specimen is not either at Tring or in the British
Museum, and I cannot help thinking that White had some other bird before him.
b Glyphorynchus spirurus albigularis CHAPMAN: Agreeing with G. s. cuneatus in
powerful bill; but the longitudinal spots on the chest, and the throat almost pure
white, the latter being, besides, only on its lower portion and much more narrowly-
edged with paler olive brown; under parts slightly paler brown. Wing 67-72; tail
64-69; bill 12-13.
Material examined. — Peru: Yahuarmayo i, Chaquimayo i. Bolivia: Juntas 2,
Rio San Mateo 4.
c Glyphorynchus spirurus pectoralis SCLATER and SALVIN: Nearest to G. s. castel-
naudii, but throat decidedly paler, ochraceous buff rather than cinnamon rufous,
with the olive blackish margins much more evident; the triangular markings on chest
larger, and in form of narrow stripes continued over the abdomen.
Birds from Costa Rica and South America appear to have the light markings on
the chest smaller and the abdomen less streaked, while the brown margins of the
throat are also less pronounced. More satisfactory material may prove them to be
separable.
354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Pallatanga; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 175, 1891
— part, Central America, Colombia, western Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis,
1902, p. 62 — Santo Domingo; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn.
Ser., i, p. 107, 1907 — Los Amates, Guatemala (crit.).
Glyphorhynchus castelnaudi (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27,
p. 141, 1859 — Pallatanga, Ecuador.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudi BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1883, p. 563 — Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1884, p. 300 — Cayandeled, Pedregal
(crit.); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 491, 1898 — Cachavi, n.w. Ecuador; MENE-
GAUX, Miss. Serv. g6ogr. Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B 44, 1911 — Santo
Domingo; HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1152 — Noanama, Sipi, w. Col-
ombia.
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus pectoralis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 275, 1911 — southeastern Mexico to Panama (monog.*); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 417, 1917 — Alto Bonito, Salaqui, Noanama, San
Jose", Gallera, Cocal, Barbacoas, Buenavista (Narifio), w. Andes; Puerto Val-
divia, lower Cauca, Colombia; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 262,
1918 — Gatun, Panama; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65,
p. 211, 1922 — Mt. Sapo, Rio Esnape, Jesusito, Darien.
Range: Central America, from southeastern Mexico (in State of
Vera Cruz) to Panama; Colombia (western Andes; Cauca and Magda-
lena valleys; Bucaramanga, Canute, Santander), adjoining portion of
Venezuela (Rio Guachi, Prov. Zulia), and western Ecuador, south at
least to Chimbo, Prov. Guayasb.
18: Guatemala (Vera Paz 9, Los Amates, Izabel i); Costa Rica
(Rio Matina 2, Palmar i); Colombia (Noanama, Rio San Juan 2); Ven-
ezuela (Santa Elena, Rio Guachi, Zulia i) ; Ecuador (San Javier, Prov.
Esmeraldas i, Santo Domingo i).
Genus SITTASOMUS Swainson.
Sittasomus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 355, 1827 — type by orig. desig. Dendra-
colaptes sylviellus TEMMINCK.
Sylosella LESSON, Traite1 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — new name for Sittaso-
mus SWAINSON.
Sittosomus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 33, 1859 — emendation of
Sittasomus SWAINSON.
Acanthurus (not Acanthura GUILDING 1827) BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay,
p. 72, 1901 — type Acanthurus microrhynchus BERTONI = Dendrocolaples syl-
viellus TEMMINCK.
• In Ridgway's work a full list of Central American references is given.
b Material examined. — Guatemala 1 1 ; Costa Rica 4; Bucaramanga i, "Bogota" i,
Noanama 3, Sipi, Colombia 2; Rio Guachi, Venezuela i; San Javier i, Pedregal i.
Santo Domingo, Ecuador i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 355
*Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus (Temminck). OLIVACEOUS WOOD-
CREEPER.
Dendrocolaptes sylviellus TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 12, pi. 72, fig. i, July 1821
— "Bre'sil" (we suggest Rio de Janeiro); KITTLITZ, Kupfertafeln Naturg.
Vogel, p. 20, pi. 24, fig. 2, 1830 — Rio de Janeiro.
Dendrocolaptes erithacus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Akad. Wiss. aus den
Jahren 1820-21, p. 259, 266, pi. i, fig. 2, 1822 — Prov. S§.o Paulo; idem, Verz.
Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 47, 1823 — Sao Paulo.
Sittasomus temminckii LESSON, Traite' d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — new
name for Dendrocolaptes sylviellus TEMMINCK.
Acanthurus microrhynchus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 72, 1901 — Alto Par-
ana, Paraguay.
Sittasomus erithacus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 589, 1850 — Brazil
(crit.); BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 20, 1856 — Sete Lagoas,
Minas Geraes; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio;
BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 146, 1885 — Taquara, Rio
Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., is, p. 119, 1890 — Rio de Jan-
eiro (Brazil), San Javier (Misiones); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14,
p. 508, 1892 — part; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 230, 1899 — Iguape,
Ypiranga, S. Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, Annuario
Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo; SALVADORI, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 17, 1900 — Tebicuari, Paraguay; OBER-
HOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 132, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; CHUBB,
Ibis, 1910, p. 531 — Sapucay.
Sittasomus erythacusPELZELix, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro,
Ypanema, S. Paulo; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870,
P- 3?6 — Sete Lagoas; MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro,
13, p. 182, 1905 — Morro Redondo, Retire dos Ramos, Itatiaya.
Sittasomus sylviellus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun,
19, P- 95, 1906 — Goyaz (crit.); IHERING and IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 247,
1907 — Ypiranga, S. Sebastiao, Avanhandava, Rio Feio, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo;
Marianna, Minas Geraes; CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5,
p. 479, 497, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana.
Sittasomus sylviellus sylviellus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 63, 1908 — Goyaz
(city), Fazenda Esperanca, Prov. Goyaz (range); HARTERTand VENTURI, I.e.,
16, p. 218, 1909 — Posadas, Misiones (spec, examined); DABBENE, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 305, 1910 — San Javier, Posadas, Misiones; idem, I.e.,
23, p- 315, 1912 — Paso Yuvay, near Villa Rica, Paraguay; HELLMAYR, Verb.
Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 144, 1915 — Brac.o do Sul, Espirito Santo.
Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2,
p. 192, 1917 (range).
Range: Southern Brazil, from southern Goyaz (neighborhood of
Goyaz City), Minas Geraes (Sao Francisco, Sete Lagoes, Marianna,
Agua Suja, near Bagagem), and Espirito Santo (Victoria) south to Rio
356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Grande do Sul; adjoining parts of Argentina (Misiones) and southern
Paraguay (Alto Parana; Tebicuari, Sapucay, Paso Yuvay, all near
Villa Rica)».
10: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes 2;
"Rio" i; Sao Paulo, Ypiranga i, Victoria 5, Fazenda Cayoa, Salto
Grande do Rio Paranapanema i).
Sittasomus griseicapillus olivaceus Wiedb. GREEN-BACKED WOOD-
CREEPER.
Sittasomus olivaceus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1146, 1831 — "in den
grossen inneren Urwaldern" [of eastern Brazil].
Sittasomus erythacus (not of LICHTENTSEIN) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2,
p. 247, 1889 (note on Wied's type).
Sittasomus erithacus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 508, 1892 — part,
Wied's type.
Sittasomus erithacus olivaceus BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 146, 1885 —
Bahia (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 63, 64, 1908 — Bahia (crit.).
Sittasomus griseicapillus olivaceus HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2,
p. 192, 1917 — Bahia.
Range: Eastern Brazil (coast region of Bahia).
*Sittasomus griseicapillus griseicapillus ( Vieillot). AZARA'S WOOD-
CREEPER.
Deiidrocopus griseicapillus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26,
p. 119, 1818 — based on Azara No. 244, Paraguay (we suggest Concepcion del
Paraguay).
Sittasomus chapadensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14 "1891", p. 509,
1892 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 113,
1893 — Chapada; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 8,
1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3.
p. 54, 1905 — Tafi Viejo, Vipos, Rio Calera, Prov. Tucuman; MENEGAUX and
"Thirty-eight specimens examined from Goyaz (vicinity of Goyaz City) 5,
Minas Geraes (Agua Suja 4, Sao Francisco i, Rio das Velhas 2) 7, Espirito Santo
(Victoria) i, Rio de Janeiro 6, Sao Paulo (various localities) 15, Parana (Serra do
Mar) i, Santa Catharina (Serra do Mirador) 2, Misiones (Posadas) i.
b Sittasomus sylviellus olivaceus WIED: Differs from S. s. sylviellus by having the
pileum and mantle decidedly olive green, and the under parts duller as well as more
olivaceous. Wing (female) 7 1 ; tail 7 1 ; bill 1 2.
A single Bahia trade skin is so much duller, more greenish than any other indi-
vidual in the large series of 5. g. sylviellus examined that I have no hesitation in re-
garding it as subspecifically distinct. Although synonymized with S. erithacus by
Allen and Ridgway, S. olivaceus appears to be referable to the present race. Wied
calls the coloration of the upper and under parts "schmutzig olivengrun" and insists
on the less yellowish lower surface of his type specimen in comparison to Temminck's
plate of Dendrocolaptes sylviellus. Ridgway, too, noticed the duller coloration of the
type, but was inclined to attribute it to fading.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR. 357
HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 95, 1906 — Chiquitos (crit);
GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 134 — Riacho Ancho, Terr, del Chaco; Pan de Azucar,
Matto Grosso.
Dendrocolaptes syhiellus (not of TEMMINCK) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn.
Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 13, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (spec, examined).
Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — Engenho
do Pari, Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882,
p. 613 — Campo Santo, Campo Colorado, Salta; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, p. 119, 1890 — part, spec, n-r, Chapada; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 132 — lower
Pilcomayo (spec, examined).
Sittasomus erithacus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith. ,
i, p. 198, 1888 — part, Oran, Salta; SALVADOR:, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10,
No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Colonia Risso, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 20,
1897 — San Lorenzo (Jujuy), Tala (Salta), San Francisco (Bolivian Chaco);
LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tafi Viejo, Vipos, Rio
Calera, Prov. Tucuman.
Sittasomus sylviettus chapadensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 64, 1908 — part,
Matto Grosso, eastern Bolivia, northern Argentina, and northern Paraguay;
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 305, 1910 — Jujuy, Salta, Tucu-'
man, Chaco; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 218, 1909 — Rio San
Francisco (Jujuy), Tucuman, Ocampo and Mocovi, Prov. Santa F£ (spec,
examined).
Sittasomus griseicapillus griseicapillus HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13,
No. 2, p. 190, 192, 1917 (range, crit.).
Range: Northern Paraguay (Concepcion, Colonia Risso); south-
western Brazil (Matto Grosso) ; eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Chiquitos) ;
northern Argentina, in provinces of Jujuy, Salta, and Tucumdn, east to
the Parana (Terr, del Chaco, Prov. Santa Fe>.
4: Argentina (Rio Paraguay i, Cadillal, Prov. Tucuman i, Rio
Lavallen, Prov. Jujuy 2).
*Sittasomus griseicapillus reiseri Hellmayrb. REISER'S WOOD-CREEPER.
Sittasomus griseicapillus reiseri HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2,
p. 190, Sept. 1917 — Pedrinha, Lake Parnagua, Piauhy.
Sittasomus cearensis CORY, Auk, 38, p. 113, 1921 — Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara.
a Material examined. — Concepcion, Paraguay i, Rio Pilcomayo i, Rio Paraguay
i, Ocampo, Santa F£ 4, Tucuman 5, Jujuy 5, Chiquitos i, Santa Cruz, Bolivia 3,
Matto Grosso 10.
b Sittasomus griseicapillus reiseri HELLMAYR: Nearest to 5. g. griseicapillus, but
smaller with shorter, slenderer bill; anterior crown washed with cinnamon brown;
hindneck and mantle more brownish; sides of head and under parts much more
brownish, cinnamon buff rather than grayish or olive buff; flanks decidedly tinged
with cinnamomeous ; axillars deeper ochraceous; rufous of wings and tail paler.
Wing (male) 70-74, (female) 64-67; tail 68-78; bill 12-13. Fifteen specimens (Piauhy
6, Maranhao 3, Ceard 3, Rio Preto, Bahia 2, Rio Thesouras, Goyaz i) examined.
The bird from Goyaz is somewhat intermediate to S. g. griseicapillus.
358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Sittasomus erithacus (subsp. ? )REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss.
Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — Parnagud, Pedrinha, Missao, Tinoko near Buriti,
Piauhy (spec, examined).
Sittasomus sylviellus chapadensis (not of RIDGWAY) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15,
p. 63, 1908 — Rio Thesouras, northern Goyaz.
Sittasomus erithacus chapadensis REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss.
Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — Faz. Taboa, Rio Preto, Bahia (spec, examined).
Range : Northeastern Brazil, in states of Ceara, Maranhao, Piauhy,
northwestern Bahia (Rio Preto), and northern Goyaz (Rio Thesouras,
150 kilom. north of Goyaz City).
8: Brazil (Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara 3; Sao Marcello, Rio Preto,
Bahia i ; Maranhao, Grajahu 2, Barra da Corda i ; Ibiapaba, Piauhy i).
*Sittasomus griseicapillus amazonus Lqfresnaye. AMAZONIAN WOOD-
CREEPER.
Sittasomus amazonus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 590, 1850 — Upper
Amazon, Peru (type in Paris Museum examined); DESMURS in Castelnau,
Expe"d. Amer. Sud, Ois., p. 47, pi. 15, fig. 3, 1856 — Upper Amazon; SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Upper Ucayali, Peru; PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], Borba, Salto
Theotonio, Rio Madeira (spec, examined); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 98 — Mapoto, Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2,
p. 163, 1884 (descr. et hab., excl. Lechugal); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
14, p. 509, 1892 (descr.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P.,Z. S. Lond., 1896,
P- 375 — Garita del Sol, San Emilio, Junin; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, p. 62, 1902 — Suapure, Caura R., Venezuela; MENEGAUX and HELL-
MAYR, Mein. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 96, 1906 — Upper Amazon (type),
Yungas, Bolivia (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 31, 1907 — Obidos;
idem, I.e., p. 59 — Teffe, Rio Solimoes; SXETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14,
1908 — Monte Verde, Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus; idem, I.e., p. 508 — Villa Braga,
R. Tapaj6z; idem, I.e., p. 530 — Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; idem, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 333, 1914 — Rio Tocantins; Boim, Villa Braga, Tapaj6z; Rio
Purvis; Faro, Rio Jamunda; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 118, 1921 — part,
Roraima, Brit. Guiana.
Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873,
p. 270 — Upper Ucayali; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1874, p. 529 — Monterico, Amable
Maria, Ropaybamba, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Yurimaguas; SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 421 — Camacusa, Merume1 Mts., Roraima, Brit. Guiana; SCLA-
TER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890 — part, spec. d1-k1, Roraima, Merum6
Mts., Upper Ucayali.
Sittasomus sylviettus amazonus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 323, 1910 — Borba,
Salto Theotonio, Rio Madeira.
Sittasomus griseicapillus amazonus HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2,
D. 192, 1917 (range).
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 359
Range : Amazonian subregion, from British Guiana and the Tocan-
tins west to the eastern slope of the Andes in Ecuador8 and Peru, south
to the boundary line of Matto Grosso and the sources of the Beni River
in northern Boliviab.
3: Brazil (Serra Grande, Rio Branco i); Peru (Huachipa 2).
Sittasomus griseicapillus aequatorialis Ridgway. PACIFIC WOOD-
CREEPER.
Sittasomus aequatorialis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, "1891", p. 509,
1892 — Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Sittasomus erithacus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 278
— Babahoyo; idem, I.e., p. 293 — Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877, p. 323 —
Lechugal, Peru; idem, I.e., p. 332 — Palmal, Ecuador; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890 — part, spec, t-v, Esmeraldas, Balzar, Ecuador.
Sittasomus amazonus (not of LAFRESNAYE) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 562 — Chimbo; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 163,
1884 — part, Lechugal.
Range: Western Ecuador (from Esmeraldas south) and adjacent
section of Province of Tumbez, northwestern Peru.
Sittasomus griseicapillus griseus Jardine*. CARIBBEAN WOOD-CREEPER.
Sittasomus griseus JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19, p. 82, 1847 — Tobago;
RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, "1891", p. 510, 1892 — Tobago (crit.).
Sittasomus phelpsi CHAPMAN, Auk, 14, p. 369, 1897 — Caripe", Bermudez, Ven-
ezuela (type examined); ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
24, p. 174, 1901 — San Julian, Venezuela.
Sittasomus griseus virescens HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5,
p. 1 06, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela.
Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868,
• It probably ranges even into Colombia, for two '*Bogota" skins appear to belong
to this race although they slightly differ by darker, more grayish coloration, which,
however, may be due to fading.
b The few specimens examined from British Guiana, Venezuela (Caura), and
north of the Amazons (Rio Branco, Obidos, Manaos) agree with the average Peru-
vian bird, while two from the upper Rio Madeira (Salto Theotonio), by their paler,
more olivaceous coloring, form the transition to S. g. griseicapillus.
Twenty-five specimens examined.
0 Sittasomus griseicapillus aequatorialis RIDGWAY: Not unlike 5. g. griseicapillus
in general coloration, but more fulvous brown above and easily recognizable by the
much paler, clear tawny of wings and tail. Five specimens examined.
d Though recognizable by its more greenish olive general coloration, S. g. griseus
is evidently conspecific with S, g. amazonus, since certain specimens of the latter closely
approach it in the very pale hue of the wing band.
360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
p. 627 — San Esteban; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890 — part,
spec, w-c1, Venezuela, Tobago.
Sittasomus griseus phelpsi MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M&n. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 97, 1906 — Caracas, Merida (crit.).
Range: Island of Tobago; north coast of Venezuela, from Ber-
mudez west to Lara and Me"ridas.
*Sittasomus griseicapillus levis Bangs*. PANAMA WOOD-CREEPER.
Sittasomus levis BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 46, 1902 — Boquete, Chiri-
qui, western Panama.
Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lend., 1879,
p. 523 — Remedies, Antioquia; SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1879, p. 202 —
Manaure, Santa Marta district; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119,
1890 — part, spec, l-o, r, s, Calovevora, Chitra, Chiriqui, Remedies, Man-
aure; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 176, 1891 — part,
Chiriqui, Chitra, Calovevora, Panama.
Sittasomus sylvioides levis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 282,
1911 — Panama (monog.); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
p. 276, 1922 — Jaraquiel, Bolivar, Colombia; Manaure, Santa Marta region;
HALLINAN, Auk, 41, p. 319, 1924 — Rio San Juan Diaz, Panama.
Range : Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui ; Calovevora, Chitra ,
Cascajal, Code", Veragua); northern Colombia (Remedies, Antioquia;
Jaraquiel, Bolivar; Manaure, Santa Marta district).
6: Panama (Boquete 5, Chiriqui i).
*Sittasomus griseicapillus sylvioides Lafresnaye. MEXICAN WOOD-
CREEPER.
Sittasomus sylvioides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 590, 1850 — Mexico;
RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 509, 1892 — Costa Rica to southern
Mexico (crit.); DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 108,
1907 — Los Amates and Patulul, Guatemala; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
6, p. 651, 1910 — Costa Rica.
Sittasomus pectinicaudus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 33, 1859 — new
name for Sittasomus sylvioides LAFRESNAYE.
Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890
8 Comparison of a large amount of material (Tobago 7, Bermudez 7, Caracas
region 10, Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo 20, Hacha, Bolivar R. R., Lara i) fails to
disclose any constant difference between Tobago and mainland examples although
no representative has been found on the intervening island of Trinidad. The
case will be more fully explained elsewhere.
b Sittasomus griseicapillus levis BANGS: Very similar to S. g. amazonus, but bill
much smaller, upper back decidedly russet brown, and under parts slightly more
olivaceous; similar also to S. g. sylvioides, but somewhat larger, and cinnamon rufous
of rump and tail lighter. Wing (males) 78-84; tail 78-85.
A single bird from Remedios appears to be identical with a series from Panama,
while one from Maiaure, by rather greener lower parts and paler wing band forms
the transition to griseus.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 361
— part, spec, a-k, Jalapa, Mexico; Yucatan; Savanah Grande, Choctum, Guat-
emala; Tempate, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, p. 176, 1891 — part, Mexico to Costa Rica.
Sittasomus sylvioides sylvioides RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 280,
1911 — southeastern Mexico to Costa Rica (monog.); PETERS, Auk, 30, p. 375,
1913 — Xcopen, Terr. Quintana Roo.
Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca,
Tabasco, Campeche, and Yucatan), south through Guatemala, British
Honduras, and Nicaragua to Costa Ricaa.
7: Guatemala (Los Amates 2, Patulul, Solola 4); Mexico (Izalam,
Yucatan i).
Sittasomus griseicapillus jaliscensis Nelsonb. JALISCO WOOD-CREEPER.
Sittasomus sylvioides jaliscensis NELSON, Auk, 17, p. 264, 1900 — San Sebastian,
Jalisco; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 283, 1911 — Jalisco.
Sittasomus sylvioides (not of LAFRESNAYE) NELSON, Auk, 15, p. 156, 1898 —
San Sebastian, Jalisco.
Range: Southwestern Mexico (in State of Jalisco).
Genus DECONYCHURA Cherrie0.
Deconychura CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 338, 1891 — type Deconychura
typica CHERRIE.
Dendrocinclopa CHUBBd, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, p. 107, 1920 — type Dendrocincla
longicauda guianensis CHUBB.
*Deconychura typica typica Cherrie. CHERRIE'S DECONYCHURA.
Deconychura typica CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 339, 1891 — Pozo Azul
de Pirris, s.w. Costa Rica; idem, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, p. 39, 1893 —
Palmdr, s.w. Costa Rica; idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, 6, p. 17,
1893 — Pozo del Pital, s.w. Costa Rica (descr. nest and eggs); BANGS, Auk,
18, p. 367, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 368, 1914 —
Chiriqui, Costa Rica (diag.); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 652,
" The Yucatan bird is decidedly paler, especially below than those from Guate-
mala. Specimens from Costa Rica (which we have not seen) are said to be inter-
mediate between sylvioides and levis.
b Unknown to the author.
c Deconychura may be distinguished from Dendrocincla by its proportionately
longer tail which is equal to, or even slightly longer than the wing; flatter and slen-
derer, terminally more compressed bill with distinctly ridged culmen; much more
strongly graduated tail with the protruding denuded tips of the rectrices conspicu-
ously decurved. The last named character is less developed in the three Amazonian
species.
d Described under the erroneous assumption that Deconychura possesses only
ten rectrices. I have, however, shown long ago (see Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 52,
1904) and it is now an established fact that there are twelve tail feathers in D. typica.
362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
1910 — Pozo Pital, Pozo Azul de Pirns, El General de Terraba, El Pozo de
Terraba, s.w. Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 285,
1911 — s.w. Costa Rica and Panama (monog.).
Range : Southwestern Costa Rica (from Pozo Azul southward) and
western Panama (Divala and Bogavaa, Chiriqui; Aspinwall).
i: Costa Rica (Palmar i).
Deconychura typica minor Toddb. TODD'S DECONYCHURA.
Deconychura typica minor TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 116, 1919 — El
Tambor, Santander, Colombia (type in Carnegie Museum examined).
Range: Eastern Colombia (El Tambor, Rio Lebrija, Prov. San-
tander).
Deconychura secunda Hellmayr0. ECUADORIAN DECONYCHURA.
Deconychura secunda HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 51, 1904 — Coca,
upper Rio Napo, Ecuador; idem, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 368, 1907 — Coca (diag. ).
Dendrocincla spec. inc. GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 62 — Coca.
Range: Eastern Ecuador (Coca, upper Rio Napo).
*Deconychura stictolaema (Pelzelri)*. SPOTTED-THROATED DECONY-
CHURA.
Sittasomus stictolaemus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 59, 1868 — Borba, Rio
Madeira (type in Vienna Museum examined) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Chamicuros, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 164,
1884 — Chamicuros; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 120, 1890 — Amazonia.
Deconychura stictolaemus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 368, 1907 — Borba (diag.).
Deconychura stictolaema HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 333, 1910 — Borba; SNETH-
LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 343, 1914 — Rio Madeira.
8 An adult male secured, on November 5, 1903, by H. Watson at an elevation of
800 ft., in the Tring Museum.
b Deconychura typica minor TODD: Similar to D. t. typica, but somewhat smaller;
upper parts more olivaceous, less tinged with rufescent; buffy markings below paler
and more restricted to chest. Wing 92; tail 89; bill 22. Two specimens from the
type locality in the Carnegie Museum examined.
0 Deconychura secunda HELLMAYR : Easily distinguished from Z?. typica by much
smaller size, shorter and slenderer bill, and by having the rump chestnut rufous
like the upper tail-coverts. Besides, the bend of the wing is olivaceous brown like
the back, instead of light chestnut; the buff streaking above restricted to the crown;
the throat, uniform buff in D. typica, is marked with small, brown edged spots, while
foreneck and chest, heavily spotted with buff in its ally, show hardly a few obsolete
streaks. Wing (adult female, the type) 84.5; tail 90; bill 20.
d Deconychura stictolaema (PELZELN) : Similar to D. secunda in olivaceous brown
bend of wing and chestnut rufous rump, but very much smaller with considerably
shorter bill; back more rufescent brown; under parts darker, less olivaceous; foreneck
more spotted with buff. Wing (two females) 75, 76; tail 72, 79; bill 16, 17.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 363
Range: Northern Brazil (Borba, Rio Madeira) and eastern Peru
(Chamicuros, Dept. Loreto; Puerto Bermudez, Dept. Junin).
i : Peru (Puerto Bermudez i).
*Deconychura longicauda (Pelzeln). LONG-TAILED DECONYCHURA.
Dendrocincla longicauda PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 60, 1868 — Borba, Rio
Madeira; Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos] (spec, in
Vienna Museum examined)8; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868,
p. 64 — Amazonia; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 — Bartica Grove and Merume"
Mt-s., British Guiana; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 496, Jan. 1888
(ex PELZELN); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 165, 1890 — Barra do Rio
Negro; Ega, Rio Solimoes; Surinam; Merume" Mts. and Bartica Grove, Brit.
Guiana; OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 451, 1904 (ex PEL-
ZELN).
Dendrocincla longicauda guianensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 61, 1919 —
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana (type examined).
Deconychura longicauda HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 367, 1907 — Borba; idem,
I.e., p. 368, 1907 (diag., range); idem, I.e., 17, p. 334, 1910 — Calama, Rio
Madeira; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 41,
92, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Pard; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 34, 1914 —
Providencia (Para), Rio Iriri (Bocca do Curua); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, I,
p. 133, 1917 — Bartica Grove.
Dendrocinclopa longicauda guianensis CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 120, 1921
— Bartica Grove, Merume" Mts.
Range: Dutch and British Guiana; northern Brazil (Providencia
and^Peixe-Boi, near Para; Manaos, Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Ega, Rio
Solimoes; Rio Iriri; Borba and Calama, Rio Madeira); eastern Peru
(Puerto Bermudez, Dept. Junin); northern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo).
i : Peru (Puerto Bermudez i).
Genus DENDROCINCLA Gray.
Dryocopus (not of BOIE 1826) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. mi, 1831 —
type Dendrocolaptes turdinus LICHTENSTEIN.
" Although in another paper (Nov. Zool., 14, p. 334) I had indicated a male from
Borba as type of the species, careful reexaminatipn of the original series in the Vienna
Museum clearly disproves the correctness of this statement. Among the five speci-
mens (one of which passed into the British Museum) there is only one, a female from
Manaos, May 4, 1833, Vienna Museum, No. 15905, with the buff shaft spots ex-
tending over the breast, as described by Pelzeln (". . . plumis pectoris et abdominis
superioris scapo et macula centrali ochraceis"), and this example must, of course,
be accepted as the actual type. Manaos becomes, therefore, the type locality.
Two birds from British Guiana (guianensis CHUBB) are absolutely indistinguish-
able from three taken at Manaos. Specimens from south of the Amazon average
slightly more rufescent, but there is much individual variation in this respect.
Material examined. — British Guiana: Bartica Grove, Merum<§ Mts. i. Brazil:
Manaos 3, Marabitanas i, Peixe-Boi, Para 2, Borba 2, Calama i . Peru: Puerto Ber-
mudez i . Bolivia: Rio San Mateo i.
364 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrocincla GRAY, List Genera Birds, p. 18, 1840 — type Dendrocolaptes tur-
dinus LICHTENSTEIN.
Dendromanes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 382, 1859 — type by subs, desig.
(SCLATER, 1890) Dendrocincla anabatina SCLATER.
Dendrocichla SHARPE, Hand-List Gen. & Spec. Birds, 3, p. 74, 1901 — emendation
of Dendrocincla GRAY.
Dendrocincla turdina turdina (Lichtenstein}*. THRUSH-LIKE DEN-
DROCINCLA.
Dendrocolaptes turdinus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the years
1818-19, p. 204, pi. 2, fig. i, 1820; idem, I.e., for the years 1820-21, p. 264,
1822 — Prov. Bahia.
Dryocopus turdinus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1112, 1831 — part, Rio
Catol6, Bahia.
Dendrocops turdinus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 465, 1851 — Bahia
(monog.).
Dendrocincla turdinea BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 8, 1856 — part,
Bahia.
Dendrocincla turdina RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 492, 1888 — Bahia;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 167, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, Bahia (exam-
ined); OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 454, 1904 — Bahia
(diag.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 337, 1906 — part, Bahia; IHERING,
Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 246, 1907 — part, Bahia; LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2),
p. 99, 1920 — Ilhebs — Belmonte, Bahia.
Dendrocincla turdina turdina HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 66, 1908 — Bahia
(crit.).
Range: Eastern Brazil, in State of Bahia.
*Dendrocincla turdina enalincia Oberholserb. SOUTHERN THRUSH-
LIKE DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla enalincia OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 454, June
a Dendrocincla turdina turdina (LICHTENSTEIN) is ochraceous or tawny brown
above, brightest on the rump; the crown distinctly though narrowly streaked with
buff; under parts strongly suffused with ochraceous, throat hardly paler than the
chest, a few indistinct buff shaft lines on the foreneck. Wing 95-113; tail 83-
95; bill 24-26.
Material examined. — Eleven (unsexed) trade skins from Bahia.
b Dendrocincla turdina enalincia OBERHOLSER: Differs from D. t. turdina by
much more olivaceous coloration, the upper parts being rufescent olive brown rather
than tawny brown, the throat decidedly paler than breast and abdomen which
lack the ochraceous tinge (so conspicuous in typical turdina) while the foreneck is
more distinctly streaked with buff. Wing ico-iii; tail 88-99; bill 24-26.
While specimens from Sao Paulo are easily distinguished by the above charac-
ters, some of those from Rio de Janeiro and one from Goyaz form the transition to
the typical race, being, however, nearer to enalincia.
Material examined. — Goyaz, Fazenda Esperanca i; Espirito Santo, Braco do
Sul, near Victoria i ; Rio de Janeiro 5; Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao 5, Victoria 2; Santa
Catharina, Blumenau i, Serra do Mirador4i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 365
1904 — Bauni, Rio Feio, State of Sao Paulo; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i,
p. 334, 1914 — Paraguay (ex BERTONI).
Dryocopus turdinus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1112, 1831 — part, Rio
Itabapuana, separating the prov. of Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo.
Dendrocincla turdinea BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 8, 1856 — part,
Rio de Janeiro.
Dendrocincla turdina (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868
— Rio de Janeiro and Registre do Sai, Rio; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87,
1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 167, 1890 — part,
Rio de Janeiro; BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2, p. 44, 1892
— Porto Real, Rio (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 233,
1898 — Iguape, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 13, p. 337, 1906 — part, range excl. Bahia; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz.,
i, p. 246, 1907 — part, Iguap<S, Ubatuba, Bauni, Rio Feio, Itapura, Est. Sao
Paulo; Espirito Santo.
Dendrocichla turdina BERTONI, Anal. Cient. Parag., i, No. 3, p. 4, 1904 — Puerto
Bertoni, Alto Parana.
Dendrocincla turdina enalincia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 66, 1908 — Faz.
Esperanca, Goyaz (crit.); idem, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 145,
1915 — Brago do Sul, Espirito Santo (exit.).
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Goyaz (Faz. Esper-
anga, near Goyaz city), Espirito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro south to
Santa Catharina and adjacent parts of Paraguay and Misiones (Puerto
Bertoni, Iguazu).
3: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao i, Victoria 2).
Dendrocincla atrirostris (Lafresnaye and UOrblgny)*- D'ORBIGNY'S
DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocolaptes atrirostris LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool.,
8, cl. 2, p. 12, 1838 — Guarayos, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined;
=juv.); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. me'rid., Ois., p. 369, pi. 54, fig. i, 1847 —
Guarayos.
Dendrocincla minor PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42,60, 1868 — Sao Vicente, Mat-
to Grosso (type in Vienna Museum examined; =juv.).
Dendrocops atrirostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 466, 1851 — part,
Guarayos, Bolivia.
» Dendrocincla atrirostris (LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) : Closely allied to, and
agreeing with D. turdina enalincia in general coloration and streaked pileum, but
exposed portion of wings bright chestnut like tail, thus very different from color
of back, and with a well pronounced ochraceous buff postocular stripe; size on aver-
age smaller. Wing 95-99; tail 80-90; bill 24-28.
This little known species very likely is merely a western race of D. turdina.
Material examined. — Brazil, Matto Grosso: Sao Vicente i 9 ad., i 9 juv.
Bolivia: Guarayos i (unsexed) juv.; San Mateo i c? juv., i 9 ad.
366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrocinda fumigata (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42,
1868 — part, Sao Vicente, Matto Grosso (spec, examined).
Dendrocincla atrirostris RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 490, 493, 1888 —
Bolivia (diag.); OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad., 56, p. 451, 1904 —
Bolivia (diag.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 336, 1906 — Guarayos, San
Mateo, Bolivia, and Sao Vicente, Matto Grosso (crit.) ; MENEGAUxand HELL-
MAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 120, 1906 — Guarayos (note on
type).
Range : Eastern Bolivia (Guarayos and Rio San Mateo) and west-
ern Matto Grosso (Sao Vicente, south of the Rio Galera) .
*Dendrocincla meruloides meruloides (Lafresnaye) . OCHREOUS-
BELLIED DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocops meruloides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 467, 1851 — "Cdte
ferme"= vicinity of Cumana, Bermudez, n.e. Venezuela (types in Paris
Museum examined).
Dendrocincla merulina CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 34, 1859 — Caracas
(new name for Dendrocops meruloides LAFRESNAYE).
Dendrocincla meruloides aphanta OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 56,
p. 460, 1904 — Tobago.
Dendrocincla turdina ? (not of LICHTENSTEIN) JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
19, p. 81, 1847 — Tobago.
Dendrocincla meruloides SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 54 —
Venezuela; idem, I.e., p. 167 — El Pilar, near Carupano, Bermudez; RIDGWAY,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 490, 495, 1888 — Tobago, Trinidad, and "Demer-
ara, Brit. Guiana"; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 168, 1890 — part,
spec, a-f, Venezuela and Tobago; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 48,
1894 — Trinidad; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 29, 1906 — Caparo and Pointe
Gourde, Trinidad; idem, I.e., p. 338, 1906 (char., range); MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 121, 1906 — "Cumana"
(types), Caracas, Trinidad (crit.); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i,
p. 192, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad; idem, I.e., p. 365, 1908 — Carenage and Aripo,
Trinidad.
Dendrocincla meruloides meruloides OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 56,
p. 459, 1904 — "British Guiana" (diag.); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S, Lond., 1911,
p. 1155 (range, syn.); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5,
p. 115, 1912 — Hills back of San Esteban, Las Quiguas, lower slopes of Cumbre
de Valencia, State Carabobo (crit.).
Dendrocincla meruloides phaeochroa (not of BERLEPSCH and HARTERT) STONE,
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 203, 1913 — Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula.
Range: Caribbean coast region of Venezuela (from south shore of
Lake Maracaibo, in State of Zulia east to Paria Peninsula, State of
Bermudez), and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago".
• The marked types in the Paris Museum, obtained by Beauperthuy agree minute-
ly with three specimens from the Cerro de Cumanacpa, inland of Cumana, Bermudez,
and a series of twenty from various localities in Trinidad. Skins from northwestern
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 367
4: Venezuela (Orope, Zulia 2, Macuto, Caracas i); Trinidad (Port
of Spain i).
*Dendrocincla meruloides lafresnayei Ridgway*. LAFRESNAYE'S DEN-
DROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla lafresnayei RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 489, 492, Jan.
1888 — "Upper Amazon?", errore, Santa Marta region suggested by Chap-
man, 1917 (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined1*).
Dendrocincla olivacea anguina BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 138, 1898 —
Santa Marta (type examined); idem, I.e., 13, p. 100, 1899 — Palomina and
Chirua.
Dendromanes meruloides (not of LAFRESNAYE) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1879,
p. 202 — Manaure, Santa Marta region.
Dendrocincla olivacea (not of LAWRENCE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 166,
1890 — part, spec, h, i, Manaure and Bogotd; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,
P- 338, 1906 — part, Bogota and Cauca Valley.
Dendrocincla olivacea lafresnayei ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 156,
1900 — Minca, Onaca, Las Nubes, Valparaiso (crit.); OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 457, 1904 — part, Colombia.
Venezuela (San Esteban and Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; Orope, Zulia) differ
slightly by brighter ochraceous abdomen and more tawny, less brownish upper parts.
The divergency is, however, rather insignificant and not quite constant. Moreover,
of two specimens from the Caracas region, one (Field Museum, No. 34023. Female,
Macuto, Jan. 26, 1908) is essentially like the Carabobo birds, while the other
(Munich Museum, No. 15.1681. Female, Loma Redonda, alt. 4,000 ft., Dec. 24,
1913) is very much paler and less rufescent throughout, agreeing with three skins
from Tobago.
Material examined. — Tobago (Man o' War Bay) 5. Trinidad: Caparo n, Aripo
6, Icacos i, Port of Spain i. Venezuela: Bermudez, Los Palmales 2, Montanas del
Guacharo i, El Pilar i, "Cumana" 2; Caracas. Macuto i, Loma Redonda i; Cara-
bobo, Cumbre de Valencia 8, Las Quiguas i, San Esteban 2; Zulia, Orope 2.
a Dendrocincla meruloides lafresnayei RIDGWAY : Closely related to D. m. meru-
loides, but coloration less tawny, more olivaceous, particularly on the abdomen;
throat more grayish, less buffy brown; upper wing-coverts less rufescent; inner secon-
daries slightly tinged with olive; a few buff or ochraceous streaks in postocular (or
supra-auricular) region. Wing (male) 104-108, (female) 100-106; tail 82-91; bill
23-26.
Material examined. — Colombia: Santa Marta i, La Conception i, Chirua i,
Palomina i, Minca i, Pueblo Viejo i, Cincinnati 4, Las Vegas i, Don Diego i, Bogotd.
2. Venezuela: Colon, Tachira i.
The single specimen from Tachira approaches D. m. meruloides in castaneous col-
oration of secondaries, though otherwise it is exactly like Santa Marta examples.
b The type kindly loaned by Mr. O. Bangs is smaller, with a shorter, weaker bill
(wing 96; tail 82; bill 22) than any other specimen examined. As far as general col-
oration is concerned, it might be referred, with equal justification, to either anguina
or phaeochroa. In its very rusty tinge, particularly below it closely resembles the type
of D. o. anguina and a male from La Concepcion (No. 6464, Bangs Collection), but
is also matched by an adult female of phaeochroa from Rio Mocho, Caura (No. 3245 1 ,
Carnegie Museum). The decidedly grayish throat and the faint olivaceous hue on
the inner secondaries, however, speak for its pertinence to anguina rather than
phaeochroa.
368 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Dendrocincla meruloides lafresnayei HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1156 —
part, Manaure and Bogota.
Dendrocincla lafresnayei lafresnayei CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 318, 1917 — part, Rio Frio and Puerto Valdivia, Cauca and Honda, Magda-
lena River; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 275, 1922 —
Tucurinca, Don Diego, Valparaiso, Cincinnati, Las Taguas, La Tigrera, Las
Vegas, Minca, Mamatoco, Pueblo Viejo and Fundaci6n, Santa Marta region.
Range: Tropical Zone of northern and eastern Colombia (Santa
Marta range, Cauca and Magdalena valleys), and adjacent parts of
western Venezuela (San Juan de Colon, Tachira).
i: Venezuela (San Juan de Colon, Tachira i).
*Dendrocincla meruloides phaeochroa Berlepsch and Hartert*. ORIN-
OCAN DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocinda (sic) phaeochroa BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 67,
1902 — Munduapo (type), Maipures, and Nericagua, R. Orinoco; Suapureand
Nicare, Rio Caura, Venezuela (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
6, p. 437, 1905 — Rio Jurua (spec, examined); idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 247,
1907 — Rio Jurua; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 338, 1906 (diag., range);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 15, 1908 — Cachoeira, Rio Purus; idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 343, 1914 — Cachoeira, Rio Punis.
Dendrocolaptes atrirostris (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 26, p. 63, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecuador (spec, examined).
Dendrocincla fumigata (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42,
1868 — part, Rio Branco (spec, examined); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1882, p. 27 — Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 168, 1884 — Huambo.
Dendrocincla olivacea (not of LAWRENCE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 1 66, 1890 — part, spec. 1, m, n, q, Sarayacu, Rio Napo, Ecuador; Iquitos,
Peru (spec, examined).
Dendrocincla meruloides (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 168, 1890 — part, spec, g, Bogotd.
Dendrocincla olivacea phaeochroa OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56,
p. 458, 1904 — Suapure, La Union, Caura R. (diag.).
1 Dendrocincla meruloides phaeochroa BERLEPSCH and HARTERT: Closely similar
to D. m. lafresnayei, but wings and tail deeper castaneous; inner secondaries
without any olivaceous wash; throat generally more buffy, less suffused with gray-
ish. In coloration of wings it more nearly agrees with D. m. meruloides, but is less
tawny both above and below, the dimensions are smaller, and there is always a sug-
gestion of a buff supra auricular streak. Wing (male) 105-113, (female) 98-105;
tail 82-95, once even 98; bill 25-27, once 29.
Birds from Brazil (Rio Branco, Rio Purus) and Peru, although slightly paler,
appear to be inseparable from the Venezuelan ones. "Bogota" skins have the throat
of a deeper, tawny buff, and the abdomen of a richer rusty color.
Material examined. — Venezuela, R. Orinoco: Munduapo 7, Maipures 2, Neri-
cagua 2 ; Caura district, Suapure 2, La Pricion 2, Maripa i, La Lajita 5, Rio Mocho 4,
El Llagual 2. Colombia: "Bogota" 5. Brazil: Rio Branco 2, Rio Jurua i, Rio Purus
5. Ecuador: Rio Napo i, Sarayacu 2. Peru: Iquitos i, Rio Tigre i.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 369
Dendrocincla meruloides phaeochroa HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1156
(range, synon.); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 270, 1916 —
Orinoco region.
Dendrocincla lafresnayei phaeochroa CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 419, 1917 — Villavicencio, Colombia.
Range: Amazonian region, from southern Venezuela (Orinoco-
Caura basin) and northern Brazil (Rio Branco, Rio Jurua, and Rio
Purus) west to the eastern slopes of the Andes of Colombia (Villavi-
cencio; "Bogota" collections), Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu), and
northern Peru (Iquitos, Huambo).
2: Brazil (Serra Grande, Rio Branco i); Colombia ("Bogota" i).
*Dendrocincla meruloides Christian! Bangs and Penard*. CHRIS-
TIAN'S DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla lafresnayei christiani BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
63, p. 25, 1919 — near Pavas, Pacific slope of western Andes, Colombia.
Dendrocops atrirostris (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY 1838) LAFRESNAYE,
Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 466, 1851 — part, "Colombia" = Quito (spec, in
Lafresnaye Coll. examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 66 — Palla-
tanga; idem, I.e., p. 278 — Babahoyo; idem, I.e., p. 293 — Esmeraldas.
Dendrocincla atrirostris SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 162, 1862 — Palla-
tanga, Nanegal, and Esmeraldas, Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.
1877, p. 332 — Palmal, Ecuador; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883,
p. 563 — Chimbo.
Dendrocincla olivacea (not of LAWRENCE) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10,
p. 492, 1888 — part, Guayaquil; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 166, 1890
— part, spec, j, k, o, p, Santa Rita, Pallatanga and Babahoyo; HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 5, p. 491, 1898 — Paramba; SALVADORI and PESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 27, 1899— Vinces, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902,
p. 63 — Santo Domingo, Ecuador; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 338, 1906 —
part, western Ecuador; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Mes. Arc M&id.
Equat., 9, p. B 44, 1911 — Santo Domingo (range in part).
Dendrocincla olivacea lafresnayei (not of RIDGWAY) OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., 56, p. 457, 1904 — part, Ecuador.
Dendrocincla meruloides lafresnayei HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1155,
1156 — part, Noanama and Sipi, Choc6, and western Ecuador.
Dendrocincla lafresnayei lafresnayei CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 418, 1917 — part, Novita, Baudo, Barbacoas, Pacific Colombia.
a Dendrocincla meruloides christiani BANGS and PENARD: Immediately distin-
guished from D. m. lafresnayei by its much larger, darker bill, the entire maxilla
and the mandible, except for a limited whitish streak, being deep black. Besides, the
tertials are more strongly shaded with olive, while the general coloration averages
slightly more olivaceous. Much nearer to D. m. ridgwayi, but apparently darker and
more olivaceous.
Material examined. — Colombia: Noanama i, Sipi i, Rio Dagua i. Ecuador:
Paramba, Prov.Esmeraldas 3, "Quito" 2, Santo Domingo 3, San Jos6 1, Chimbo 2, Ave
Maria i.
37° FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range : Pacific slope of the Western Andes of Colombia (north to
Baudo) and Ecuador (south to Guayaquil).
4: Colombia (Rio Dagua i); Ecuador (Paramba, Prov. Esmeral-
das i, San Jose", twelve miles s.w. of Huigra i, Ave Maria, Prov. Guay-
as i).
*Dendrocincla meruloides ridgwayi Oberholser. BROWN DENDRO-
CINCLA.
Dendrocincla ridgwayi OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 458, 1904 —
Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Dendrocincla fumigata (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
N. Y., 7, p. 320, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama.
Dendromanes atrirostris (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and SAL-
VIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 355 — Panama; SALVIN, I.e., 1870, p. 193 — Chitra,
Veragua.
Dendrocincla olivacea (not Dendrocops olivaceus EYTON) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 466, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 10, p. 492, 1888 — part, Costa Rica and Panama; SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 1 66, 1890 — part, spec, a-g, Costa Rica, Chitra, Panama;
SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 174, 1891 — part,
Segovia R. (Honduras), Talamanca, Cartago, Pacuare" and Angostura (Costa
Rica), Chitra and Lion Hill (Panama); RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16,
p. 498, 1893 — Escondido R., Nicaragua; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 338,
1906 — part, Costa Rica and Panama.
Dendrocincla olivacea olivacea OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 456,
1904 — Panama to Honduras (monog.).
Dendrocincla ridgwayi ridgwayi CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 651, 1910
— Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica (habits).
Dendrocincla lafresnayei ridgwayi RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 291, 1911 — Panama to Honduras (monog.); STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
70, p. 262, 1918 — Gatun, Panama; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, p. 212, 1922 — Mt. Sapo and Jesusito, Darien.
Range: Eastern Panama (Darien and Panama Railroad), through
eastern Costa Rica and Nicaragua (Rio Escondido) to southeastern
Honduras (Rio Segovia) .
2: Panama (Lion Hill i, Veragua i).
Dendrocincla merula merula (Lichtenstein). BUFF-THROATED DEN-
DROCINCLA.
Dendrocolaptes merula LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Ak. Wiss. for 1818-19,
p. 208, 1820 — Cayenne (type in Berlin Museum examined); idem, I.e., for
1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — Cayenne.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 371
Dendrocops merula LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 467, 1851 — part,
Cayenne.
Dendrocincla merula PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — part, Marabitanas, Rio
I c.anna, Barra do Rio Negro (spec, examined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 —
Bartica Grove, British Guiana; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 495,
1888 — part, Cayenne; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 168, 1890 — part,
spec, a, b, Surinam and Bartica Grove; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool.,
9, p. 67, 1902 — Munduapo and Nericagua (R. Orinoco), Suapure and Nicare
(R. Caura), Venezuela (spec, examined); OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 56, p. 456, 1904 — part, Suapure, Venezuela; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
12, p. 283, 1905 — part, Barra, Marabitanas, Rio Icanna, Munduapo, Suapure
and Nicare; idem, I.e., 13, p. 337, 1906 — part; BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 150,
1908 — Cayenne; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 270, 1916 —
Orinoco-Caura region ; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 116, 1921 — Supenaam
and Bartica.
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela
(Orinoco-Caura basin) ; northern Brazil, from the Rio Negro south to
Mandosa.
Dendrocincla merula castanoptera Ridgway*. CHESTNUT-WINGED
DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla castanoptera RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 494, 1888 —
Diamantina, near Santarem, R. Tapaj6z (type examined) ; RIKER and CHAP-
MAN, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — Diamantina; SCLATER, Ibis, 1889, p. 353 (crit.).
Dendrocincla bartletti CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 51, 1918 — Chamicuros,
Peru (type examined).
Dendrocops merula (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3,
p. 467, 1851 — part, Sarayacu, Peru (spec, examined).
Dendrocincla merula PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — part, Borba and Salto
Theotonio, Rio Madeira (spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1873, p. 271 — Chamicuros, Peru (spec, examined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn.
Pe"r., 2, p. 169, 1884 — Chamicuros; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 304, 1889
— Shanusi, near Yurimaguas, Peru (spec, examined); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 10, p. 490, 495, 1888 — part, spec. No. 2304, Lafresnaye Coll. ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 168, 1890 — part, spec, c-e, Borba, and
B Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne (the type) i, Saint Laurent du
Maroni i. Venezuela: Munduapo 2, Suapure 3, Nicare i. Brazil: Marabitanas i,
Rio Iganna i, Manaos i.
b Dendrocincla merula castanoptera RIDGWAY: Similar to D. m. merula, but under
parts paler, smoky brown or brownish olive on foreneck and chest, and chin spot
lighter, buffy white rather than golden buff.
Specimens from Peru being precisely similar to others from the Tapaj6z and Rio
Madeira, D. bartletti becomes a synonym of D. castanoptera.
Material examined. — Brazil, Para: Peixe-Boi i, Igarape'-Assu i; Rio Tapaj6z,
Diamantina i, Miritituba 3; Rio Madeira, Borba 2, Calama 4, Humaytha i; Rio
Puriis, Nova Olinda i, Arina 2. Peru: Sarayacu 2, Chamicuros 2, Yurimaguas
(Shanusi) i.
372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Chamicuros; OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 456, 1904 — part,
Diamantina and Peru; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Autun, 19, p. 122, 1906 — Sarayacu, Peru; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 281,
1905 — part, Igarap£-Assu (Pard), Borba and Diamantina; idem, I.e., 13,
p. 337, 1906 — part (diag.); idem, I.e., 14, p. 369, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio
Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 334, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl.
math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 41, 92, 1912 — Peixe-Boi and
IgarapeVAssu, Para; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 342, 1914 — Rio
Guama (Sta. Maria de S. Miguel) and Rio Tapajdz (Boim, Pinhel).
Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Para (Rio
Guamd) west to the Rio Madeira and Rio Purus, and adjacent parts of
eastern Peru (Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali; Chamicuros, Yurimaguas).
Dendrocincla merula remote. Todd*. BOLIVIAN DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla merula remota TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 82, 1925 —
Rio Yapacani, near Buenavista, Bolivia.
Range : Northern Bolivia (Rio Yapacani, Province del Sara) .
*Dendrocincla homochroa homochroa (Sclater). RUDDY DENDRO-
CINCLA.
Dendromanes homochrous SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 382, 1859 — Teotalcingo,
Oaxaca, Mexico; SALVIN, Ibis, 1861, p. 353 — Chisec, Guatemala; LANTZ,
Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — Naranjo, Guatemala.
Dendrocincla homochroa SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 54 —
Mexico and Guatemala; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 491, 1888 —
Guatemala; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 163, 1890 — part, spec, a-n,
Oaxaca, Cozumel Isl., Yucatan, Mugeres Isl., Savannah Grande, Rio de la
Pasion, Choctum, Vera Paz, Volcan de Agua, Guatemala; SALVIN and GOD-
MAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 172, 1891 — part, Mexico, British Hon-
duras and Guatemala; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus., N. H., 8, p. 284, 1896 —
Chichen-Itza, Yucatan; COLE, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 131, 1906 —
Chichen-Itza, Yucatan.
Dendrocincla homochroa homochroa OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56,
p. 462, 1904 — Mexico and Guatemala (monog.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 293, 1911 — Mexico to British Honduras (monog.).
Range: Southern Mexico (in states of Mexico, Campeche, and
Yucatan) and southwards through Guatemala to British Honduras.
i: Mexico (Izalam, Yucatan i).
• Dendrocincla merula remota TODD: "Similar to Dendrocincla merula castanop-
tera RIDGWAY, of the lower Amazon (south bank), but general coloration paler and
duller.
"The pair of birds to which this description is applied, coming from a region
beyond the ordinarily accepted range of this specific type, appear to be recognizably
distinct. They differ from castanoptera in their paler, duller coloration, noticeable
in both the dorsal and ventral surfaces. They are of course still more different from
true merula of French Guiana, which is the darkest form of the three." (ToDD, I.e.).
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 373
*Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta Oberholser. COSTA RICAN RUDDY
DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 462,
1904 — Chiriqui, western Panama; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 650,
1910 — Nicoya Peninsula, Guanacaste and Boruca, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 294, 1911 — Nicaragua to western Pan-
ama (Chiriqui).
Dendrocincla homochroa (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 163, 1890 — part, spec, o-u, Costa Rica and Volcan de Chiriqui; SALVIN
and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 172, 1891 — part, Nicaragua,
Costa Rica and Chiriqui; CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, p. 40,
1893 — Boruca, Costa Rica; UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, p. 440 — Miravelles,
Costa Rica.
Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) RIDGWAY, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 491, 1888 — Sucuya (Nicaragua), "Navarro" (Costa
Rica) and Chiriqui.
Dendrocincla ruficeps BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 46, 1902 — Boquete,
Chiriqui.
Range : Southwestern Nicaragua, western Costa Rica, and western
Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui).
7: Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua i); Costa Rica (Boruca
i, unspecified i); Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui 4).
Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps Sclater and Salvin. PANAMA RUDDY
DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla ruficeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 54 — Panama
City, Panama; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 164, 1890 — Panama; SAL-
VIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 173, 1891 — Panama;
OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 461, 1904 — Panama*.
Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.f 50, Part 5,
p. 295, 1911 — Panama*; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63,
p. 212, 1922 — Mt. Sap6, Panama.
Range: Eastern Panama (Panama Railroad; Mt. Sap6, Darien)a.
*Dendrocincla anabatina anabatina Sclater. NORTHERN DENDRO-
CINCLA.
Dendrocincla anabatina SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 54, pi. 150, 1859 — Omoa,
Honduras; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 490, 1888 — part, Vera
• The range of this form is apparently restricted to eastern Panama. Although
both Oberholser and Ridgway mention El Banco and Boquete among its localities,
a series of seven skins from the latter place appears to me indistinguishable from
Costa Rican examples (acedesta). Moreover, D. h. acedesta was originally based upon
one of Arc6's specimens from the Volcan of Chiriqui.
374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Cruz, Mexico; Guatemala; Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, p. 162, 1890 — part, spec, a, c-g, Oaxaca (Mexico), San Pedro
(Honduras), Choctum, Samayoa, Vera Paz and sources of Rio de la Pasion
(Guatemala); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 172,
1891 — part, Mexico, British Honduras, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua;
RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 498, 1893 — Rio Escondido, Nicar-
agua; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 108, 1907 —
Los Amates, Guatemala.
Dendrocincla anabatina anabatina OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56,
p. 452, 1904 — part, Mexico to Nicaragua (monog.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 288, 1911 — Mexico to Nicaragua (monog.); PETERS
Auk, 30, p. 374, 1913 — Camp Mengel, Terr. Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca,
Tabasco, and Quintana Roo) and southward through Guatemala, Brit-
ish Honduras, and Honduras to Nicaragua.
3 : Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabel 3) .
*Dendrocincla anabatina typhla Oberholser. YUCATAN DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla anabatina typhla OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 452,
1904 — Puerto Moreles, Yucatan; COLE, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 131,
1906 — Chichen-Itza, Yucatan; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5,
p. 290, 1911 — Yucatan and Campeche (monog.).
Dendrocincla anabatina (not of SCLATER) BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 450
—Yucatan; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 162, 1890 — part, spec, b,
northern Yucatan; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
p. 172, 1891 — part, Yucatan; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 8, p. 284,
1896 — Chichen-Itza, Yucatan.
Range: Eastern Mexico (in states of Yucatan and Campeche).
i: Yucatan (unspecified i).
^Dendrocincla anabatina saturata Carriker. CARRIKER'S DENDRO-
CINCLA.
Dendrocincla anabatina saturata CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 649, 1910
—El Pozo de Terraba, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50,
Part 5, p. 290, 1911 — southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama.
Dendromanes anabatinus (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lend., 1870, p. 192
— Bugaba, Panama.
Dendrocincla anabatina RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 490, 1888 — part,
Chiriqui; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 162, 1890 — part, spec, h-j,
Bugaba, Chiriqui; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 172,
1891 — part, Bugaba, Panama; CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, p. 39,
1893 — Palmar, Boruca and Terraba, Costa Rica; BANGS, Auk, 18, p. 367,
1901 — Divala, Chiriqui.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 375
Dendrocincla anabatina anabatina OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56,
p. 452, 1904 — part, Panama.
Range: Southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (Divala,
Bugaba, Chiriqui).
3: Costa Rica (Boruca 3).
*Dendrocincla fuliginosa (Vieillot). LEVAILLANT'S DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocopus fuliginosus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 26, p. 117,
1818 — Abased on "Le Grimpar enfume" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Prome'rops,
p. 70, pi. 28, Cayenne (type in Paris Museum examined).
Dendrocolaptes fumigatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Ak. Wiss. for the
years 1818-19, p. 203, 1820; idem, I.e., for 1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — based on
LEVAILLANT, pi. 28, Cayenne.
Dendrocincla rufo-olivacea RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, "1887", p. 493,
Jan. 1888 — Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z (type examined);
SCLATER, Ibis, 1889, p. 353 (crit.).
Dendrocincla fuliginosa wallacei CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 52, 1919 —
Pard (types examined).
Dendrocops fumigatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 466, 1851 (ex
LEVAILLANT).
Dendrocincla fumigata SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 574 — Pard;
PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — part, Pard, Barra do Rio Negro [ = Man-
aos], Borba (spec, examined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 — Bartica Grove,
Camacusa and Roraima, Brit. Guiana.
Dendrocincla fuliginosa RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 495, 1888 (ex
LEVAILLANT); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 165, 1890 — Roraima, Cama-
cusa, Bartica Grove, Pard; RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — San-
tarem; OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 453, 1904 — lower Ama-
zonia, south to "Bahia" [ = Pard], north to British Guiana; MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 119, 1906 (crit. on type);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 280, 1905 — Igarape"-Assu, Benevides, Pard
(crit.); idem, I.e., 13, p. 337, 1906 (char., range); idem, I.e., 14, p. 368, 1907 —
Humaytha, Rio Madeira; BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 149, 319, 1908 — Ipousin,
Rio Approuague and Saint Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Orn., 54, p. 525, 1906 — Pard and S. Antonio do Prata; idem, I.e., 56,
P- 530, 1908 — Alcobaca, Rio Tocantins; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 334,
1910 — Humaytha and Borba, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 40, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi and Ipitinga (Pard
localities); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 342, 1914 — Pard, Providencia,
Peixe-Boi, S. Antonio do Prata, Rio Tocantins (Cametd, Alcobaga) , Rio Tapa-
joz (Boim), Obidos, Rio Jamundd (Faro); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 65, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Lelydorp and Java weg,
Surinam; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 116, 1921 — Supenaam, Mazaruni,
Demerara, Roraima, Camacusa, Bartica.
Dendrocincla turdina (not of LICHTENSTEIN) MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10,
p. 179, 1904 — Saint Georges d'Oyapock (spec, examined).
376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana and northern Brazil
(on the north bank of the Amazon as far west as Manaos, south of the
river from western Maranhao to the Rio Madeira)8.
3: British Guiana (Potaro i); Brazil, Maranhao (Tury-assu 2).
Dendrocincla tyrannina tyrannina (Lafresnaye) . TYRANNINE DEN-
DROCINCLA.
Dendrocops tyranninus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 328, 1851 —
Santa F£ de Bogota; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogota.
Dendrocincla tyrannina SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 162, 1862 — Bogota;
SCLATER and SAJLVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 54 — New Granada; idem, I.e.,
1879, p. 523 — Santa Elena; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 491, 1888
— part, Bogota; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 164, 1890 — part, spec,
a-e, Bogotd and Santa Elena, Colombia.
Dendrocincla tyrannina tyrannina OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56,
p. 450, 1904 — Bogotd (monog.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 418, 1917 — Cerro Munchique, Almaguer, Salento, Laguneta, El Eden,
Colombia.
Dendrocops olivaceus EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1852, p. 25 — locality unknown.
Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Colombia (except Santa
Marta region) b.
*Dendrocincla tyrannina hellmayri Cory. HELLMAYR'S TYRANNINE
DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla tyrannina hellmayri CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser.,
I, p. 290, May 1913 — Paramo de Tama, headwaters of Tachira River, near
the Venezuelan line, Colombia.
• Specimens from the north bank (Obidos, Manaos) are precisely similar to typi-
cal Guianan birds. Those from south of the Amazon average rather paler, less rufes-
cent both above and below, but the difference is too slight and inconstant to warrant
the recognition of a race D. fuliginosa rufo-olivacea. Mr. W. E. C. Todd (in litt.),
who has an enormous series in the collection under his charge, also considers them
inseparable.
The huge, strongly ridged bill, the very conspicuous buff postocular stripe, and
the slight buff spotting on the foreneck distinguish this species from D. m. phaeochroa,
likewise found on the Amazon.
Material examined. — French Guiana (including the type) 5. British Guiana:
Rio Rupununi 2, Roraima i, Demerara i, Potaro i. Brazil: Manaos 2, Obidos 2,
Para district 8, Santarem 2, Borba, Rio Madeira 2.
b Five native Bogotd specimens examined.
0 Dendrocincla tyrannina hellmayri CORY: Similar to D. t. tyrannina, but colora-
tion throughout more olivaceous, less rufous, particularly on upper parts, and ante-
rior crown more distinctly edged with dusky. Wing 128; tail 123; bill 33.
Whether this form is really separable from D. t. tyrannina remains to be ascer-
tained by a series from the type region.
1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 377
Range: Eastern Colombia (Paramo de Tama, near border line
of Venezuela).
i : Colombia (Paramo de Tama i , the type) .
Dendrocincla tyrannina brunnea Salvadori and Festa*. ECUADORIAN
TYRANNINE DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla brunnea SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 13, No. 330,
p. 2, 1898 — Nanegal, Ecuador (type examined).
Dendrocincla tyrannina (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
p. 164, 1890 — part, spec, f, g, "Jima", Ecuador; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 10, p. 491, 1888 — part, Nanegal; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus.
Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 26, 1899 — Nanegal; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902,
p. 62 — Nanegal (spec, examined).
Dendrocincla tyrannina brunnea OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 56,
p. 450, 1904 — Nanegal, Ecuador (monog.).
Range : Western Ecuador (Nanegal) .
Dendrocincla tyrannina macrorhyncha Salvadori and Festab. LARGE-
BILLED DENDROCINCLA.
Dendrocincla macrorhyncha SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14,
No. 362, p. 27, 1899 — Pun, Ecuador (type examined); OBERHOLSER, Proc.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 450, 1904 (ex SALVADORI and FESTA).
(?) Dendrocincla tyrannina (not of LAFRESNAYE) LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark.
Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 70, 1922 — Maspa, below Papallacta and Baeza, road to
Napo.
Range : Eastern Ecuador (Pun) .
a Dendrocincla tyrannina brunnea SALVADORI and FESTA: Very similar to D. t.
tyrannina, but throat hardly paler than the rest of the under parts; abdomen more
rufescent; pale streaks on foreneck and chest but slightly suggested. Wing 116-
12 1 ; tail 108-116; bill 32-33.
Material examined. — Nanegal (including the type) 2, "western Ecuador" i.
b Dendrocincla tyrannina macrorhyncha SALVADORI and FESTA: Most nearly re-
lated to, and agreeing with D. t. tyrannina in having distinct buffy streaks on fore-
neck and chest; but much larger, with longer, heavier bill; upper and under parts
much lighter and more olivaceous; throat paler, more whitish buff. Wing (adult
male, the type) 138; tail 120; bill 38.
THE LIBRARY OF THE
FEB171938
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
ADDENDA (p. 282).
(A) Xiphocolaptes proineropirhynchus fortis HEINE : The type (and
only specimen) cannot be identified with any known form, combin-
ing, as it does, the markings (on pileum and under parts) of X. p. pro-
cerus with the deep, vandyke brown coloration (of the body plumage)
of A", p. igiwtus. From X. p. sanctae-martae, which it closely resembles
in markings, it is easily distinguished by much more rufous coloring,
the back being deep vandyke brown and the under parts raw umber,
while the throat feathers lack the brownish margins; besides, the bill
is pale brown, not grayish horn color. Compared with a series of
X. p. ignotus, from the Quito region, the type has very much narrower
buffy streaks (>£ instead of 2 to 3^ mm. wide) on foreneck and chest,
without trace of blackish lateral edges, much fewer and smaller cross
bars on the abdomen, and almost unmarked under tail-coverts, while
the bill is paler as well as slenderer. From X. p. rostratus it differs by
less blackish pileum, much more rufous under parts with narrower,
buffy streaks, not dusky-edged laterally and shorter, pale brown bill.
Whig 144; tail 118; bill 50.
The type, a specimen in excellent condition, is of unknown origin.
Though the describer supposed it to have come from Cartagena or
Santa Marta, this appears altogether unlikely in view of its being so
different from authentic material secured on the north coast of Colom-
bia. In preparation the type somewhat recalls the so-called "Demerara"
skins, but for the present its habitat must remain doubtful.
INDEX
Bold-faced type denotes names adopted in this work.
Acanthurus 354
acedesta, Dendrocincla 373
acritus, Xenicopsis 189
acritus, Xenoctistes 189
Acrorchilus • 1 16
acuticaudatus, Anthus 168
acutirostris, Xenops 242
adspersus, Cichlocolaptes 188
adusta, Synallaxis 105
aegithaloides, Leptasthenura 60
aegithaloides, Synallaxis 60
aequatorialis, Asthenes 146
aequatorialis, Dendrornis 308
aequatorialis, Lepidocolaptes 322
aequatorialis, Picolaptes 322
aequatorialis, Siptornis 146
aequatorialis, Sittasomus 359
aequatorialis, Xiphorhynchus .... 308
affinis, Asthenes 134
affinis, Dendrocolaptes 324
affinis, Lepidocolaptes 324
affinis, Platyurus 156
affinis, Siptornis 134
affinis, Xenops 238
agnatus, Furnarius 21
alarum, Xiphorhynchus 305
alaudina, Coryphistera 26
albescens, Synallaxis 87
albicapilla, Cranioleuca 117
albicapilla, Synallaxis 117
albiceps, Cranioleuca 116
albiceps, Synallaxis 116
albicollis, Dendrocopus 276
albicollis, Nasica 348
albicollis, Sphenura 188
albicollis, Xiphocolaptes 276
albidior, Automolus 221
albidiventris, Cinclodes 38
albigula, Cranioleuca 117
albigularis, Glyphorynchus 353
albigularis, Philydor 219
albigularis, Sclerurus 247
albigularis, Synallaxis 88
albilora, Synallaxis 96
albisquama, Nasica 301
albiventris, Cinclodes 36
albiventris, Upucerthia 36
albo-gularis, Dendrocolaptes 244
albogularis, Figulus 17
albogularis, Philydor 211
albogularis, Pygarrhicus 244
albolineatus, Dendrocolaptes 328
albolineatus, Lepidocolaptes 327
alogus, Rhopoctites 230
alopecias, Cranioleuca 125
alopecias, Synallaxis 125
altirostris, Dendrocolaptes 291
altirostris, Dendroplex 291
amaurotis, Anabates 199
amaurotis, Xenicopspides 199
amazonica, Synallaxis 106
amazonus, Sittasomus 358
Anabasitta 170
Anabates 75
anabatina, Dendrocincla 373
Anabatoides 187
anabatoides, Xenops 188
Anabazenops 187
Ancistrops 187
andaecola, Upucerthia 47
andicola, Leptasthenura 65
andinus, Sclerurus 250
Anecorhamphus 232
anguina, Dendrocincla 367
angustirostris, Dendrocopus 335
angustirpstris, Lepidocolaptes.. . . 335
annumbi, Anumbius 168
annumbi, Furnarius 168
anomalus, Sclerurus 249
antarctica, Certhia 29
antarctica, Geositta 7
antarcticus, Cinclodes 29
anthoides, Anumbius 168
anthoides, Asthenes 148
anthoides, Geositta 3
anthoides, Synallaxis 148
antisiensis, Cranioleuca 118
antisiensis, Synallaxis 118
Anumbius 168
anxius, Xenicopsis 197
anxius, Xenicopsoides 197
aphanta, Dendrocincla 366
Aphrastura 55
apothetus, Picolaptes 333
approximans, Xenops 234,235
aradoides, Anabates 156
arequipae, Asthenes 141
arequipae, Synallaxis. 141
argentinus, Xiphocolaptes 276
argobronchus, Xenops 238
assimilis, Automolus 1 85
assimilis, Furnarius 19
assimilis, Hyloctistes 185
Asthenes 133
atacamae, Chilia 53
atacamensis, Cinclodes 39
atacamensis, Upucerthia 39
atlanticus, Picolaptes 334
atricapillus, Anabates 200
atricapillus, Philydor 200
379
380
INDEX
atrigularis, Poecilurus in
atripes, Picolaptes 319
atrirostris, Dendrocincla 365
atrirostris, Dendrocolaptes 365
aurantiacus, Metopothrix 167
auritus, Anabates 180
auritus, Pseudocolaptes 180
australis, Asthenes 138
australis, Oxyurus 56
Automolus 2 10
azarae, Synallaxis 77
azuay, Asthenes 147
azuay, Siptornis 147
badius, Furnarius 17
badius, Turdus 17
baeckstroemii, Cinclodes 33
baeri, Asthenes 136
baeri, Philydor 203
baeri, Siptornis 136
baeri, Upucerthia 48
bahiae, Dendroplex 289
bahiae, Lepidocolaptes 339
bahiae, Picolaptes 339
bahiae, Sclerurus 251
bahiae, Xiphocolaptes 277
bangsi, Automolus 212
bangsi, Xiphorhynchus 306
Barnesia 75
baroni, Cranioleuca 117
baroni, Siptornis 117
bartletti, Dendrocincla 371
Bathmidura 70
beauperthuysii, Nasica 302,311
bellulus, Margarornis 171
belmontensis, Xiphocolaptes 278
bergianus, Phacellodomus 211
berlepschi, Asthenes 143
berlepschi, Dendrexetastes 271
berlepschi, Leptasthenura 62
berlepschi, Siptornis 143
berlepschi, Thripophaga 156
berlepschi, Xiphocolaptes 285
Berlepschia 181
bifasciatus, Cinclodes 39
bivittatus, Dendrocolaptes 337
bivittatus, Lepidocolaptes 337
bogotensis, Dendrornis 307
boissonneautii, Anabates 178
boissonneautii, Pseudocolaptes. . . 178
bolivari, Synallaxis 103
boliviana, Leptasthenura 69
bolivianus, Lepidocolaptes 324
bolivianus, Philydor 195,207
bolivianus, Thripobrotus . .' 324
borealis, Campylorhamphus 347
boultoni, Margarornis 172
brachyura, Synallaxis 91
brevicauda, Geobates i
brevirostris, Geositta 8
bricenoi, Thripadectes 229
bridgesi, Upucerthia 48
bridgesii, Drymornis 349
bridgesii, Nasica 349
brooki, Automolus 229
brunnea, Dendrocincla 377
brunnea, Synallaxis 134
brunneicauda, Margarornis 173
brunneicauda, Premnoplex 173
brunneicauda, Synallaxis 83
brunneicaudalis, Synallaxis 83
brunneicaudis, Synallaxis 83
brunnescens, Margarornis 175
brunnescens, Premnoplex 175
brunneus, Sclerurus 254
burmeisteri, Geositta 1 1
cabanisi, Anabazenops 191
cabanisi, Synallaxis 83
cabanisi, Xenoctistes 191
cajabambae, Leptasthenura 67
campicola, Coryphistera 26
Campylorhamphus 339
candei, Poecilurus no
candei, Synnalaxis no
caniceps, Synallaxis 127
canigularis, Sclerurus 248
canipileus, Synallaxis 95
canivetii, Xenops 200
capitalis, Cranioleuca 118
capitoides, Dendrexetastes 273
caquetensis, Synallaxis 107
carabayae, Lepidocolaptes 324
carri, Synallaxis 104
castanea, Synallaxis 102
castaneus, Xiphocolaptes 287
castanonota, Lochmias 257
castanoptera, Dendrocincla 371
castelnaudii, Glyphorynchus 351
caucae, Synallaxis 91
caudacutus, Sclerurus 253
caudacutus, Synallaxis 114
caudacutus, Thamnophilus 253
cayennensis, Gracula 260
cayoensis, Xenops 238
cearae, Furnarius 20
cearensis, Dendrocolaptes 266
cearensis, Sclerurus 246
cearensis, Sittasomus 357
cearensis, Synallaxis 114
celicae, Automolus 225
certhia, Dendrocolaptes 260
certhia, Leptasthenura 66
certhia, Picus 260
certhia, Siptornis 66
Certhiaxis 112
certhioides, Anabates 49
certhioides, Upucerthia 49
certhiola, Synallaxis 96
certhiolus, Lepidocolaptes 336
certhiolus, Picolaptes 336
certus, Sclerurus 248
cervicalis, Automolus 213
cervicalis, Philydor 213
INDEX
cervinigularis, Anabates 223
cervinigularis, Automolus 223
chapadensis, Sittasomus 356
chapmani, Campylorhamphus 347
chapmani, Synallaxis 92
cherriei, Thripophaga 154
chilensis, Cinclodes 31
chilensis, Furnarius 31
Chilia 52
Christian!, Dendrocincla 369
chrysolopus, Dendrocolaptes 289
chunchotambo, Dendrocolaptes. . 312
chunchotambo, Xiphorhynchus. . . 312
Cichlocolaptes 226
Cillurus 27
Cinclodes 27
cinerascens, Synallaxis 97
cinerea, Synallaxis 144
cinereiventris, Synallaxis 109
cinereus, Synallaxis 76
cinnamomea, Certhia 112
cinnamomea, Certhiaxis 112
cinnamomea, Synallaxis 103
cinnamomeigula, Automolus 217
cinnamomeus, Furnarius 23
cinnamomeus, Picolaptes 23
cinnamomeus, Xiphocolaptes . . . . 278
cisandina, Cranioleuca 119
cisandina, Synallaxis 119
Cladoscopus 273
Clibanornis 26
coloratus, Premnoplex 174
columbiana, Upucerthia 51
columbianus, Philydor 205
columbianus, Synallaxis 94
columbianus, Xenicopsis 193
commersoni, Furnanus 16
communis, Dendrocolaptes 260
compressirostris, Xiphocolaptes. . 283
compressus, Lepidocolaptes 331
compressus, Thripobrotus 331
concolor, Anabates 225
concolor, Dendrocolaptes 259
confinis, Dendrornis 300
confinis, Xiphorhynchus 300
connectens, Xenops 239
consobrina, Asthenes 142
consobrinus, Automolus 224
consobrinus, Dendrornis 301
consobrinus, Philydor 224
contaminates, Heliobletus 227
Coprotretis 41
coronatus, Lepidocolaptes 338
coronatus, Picolaptes 338
coryi, Schizoeaca 73
coryi, Synallaxis 73
Coryphistera 25
costaricensis, Dendrocolaptes. . . . 272
costaricensis, Dendrornis 300
costaricensis, Pseudocolaptes 176
costaricensis, Xiphocolaptes 279
costaricensis, Xiphorhynchus .... 300
Cranioleuca 1 16
crassirostris, Dendrocolaptes 276
crassirostris, Geositta 13
crassirostris, Synallaxis 143
crassirostris, Xiphocolaptes 283
cristata, Pseudoseisura 181
cristatus, Anabates 181
cristatus, Furnarius 25
cuchacanchae, Asthenes 148
cuchacanchae, Siptornis 148
cuneatus, Dendrocolaptes 352
cuneatus, Glyphorynchus 352
cunicularia, Alauda 2
cunicularia, Geositta 2
curtata, Cranioleuca 121
curtata, Synallaxis 121
cururuvi, Synallaxis 76
curvirostris, Limnornis 53
cyanotis, Dendrocolaptes 276,286
dabbenei, Upucerthia 45
darwini, Upucerthia 42
debilis, Cranioleuca 122
debilis, Siptornis 122
Deconychura 361
decumanus, Dendrocolaptes 276
demissa, Synallaxis 77
demonstrates, Xiphorhynchus . . . 298
Dendrexetastes 273
Dendrocichla 364
Dendrocincla 363
Dendrocinclopa 361
Dendrocinda 368
Dendrocolaptes 259
dendrocolaptoides, Anabates 27
dendrocolaptoides, Clibanornis. . . 27
Dendrocops 259
Dendrocopus 259
Dendrodramus 244
Dendroma 199
Dendromanes 364
Dendrophylax 70
Dendroplex 288
Dendrornis 293
dentirostris, Xenops 240
deserticolor, Geositta 4
desmurii, Sylviorthorhynchus. ... 55
devillei, Dendrexetastes 274
devillei, Dendrocolaptes 274
dimidiatus, Anabates 202
dimidiates, Philydor 202
dinellii, Siptornis 148
d'orbigynanus, Nasica 294
d'orbignyanus, Xiphorhynchus. . . 294
d'orbignyi, Asthenes 142
d'orbignyi, Bathmidura 142
dorsalis, Automolus 214
dorsalis, Phacellodomus 165
dorso-immaculatus ,Xiphorhynchus 3 46
dorsomaculata, Synallaxis 57
Drioctistes 156
Dromodendron 244
INDEX
Drymornis 349
Dryocopus 363
dumetaria, Upucerthia 41
dumetorum, Uppucerthia 41
eburneirostris, Dryocopus 303
elegans, Dendrornis 3*5
elegans, Synallaxis 79
elegans, Xiphorhynchus 3*5
elegantior, Synallaxis 79
emigrans, Xiphocolaptes 278
enalincia, Dendrocincla 364
endoecus, Furnarius 22
Enicornis 5 1
Eremobius 5 T
erithacus, Dendrocolaptes 355
erythacus, Myiothera 209
erytbrocephalus, Hylocryptus 226
erythrocercus, Anabates 209
erythrocercus, Philydor 209
erythronotus, Philydor 201
erythrophthalmus, Anabates 156
erythrophthalmus, Drioctistes 156
erythrops, Cranioleuca 122
erythrops, Synallaxis 122
erythropterus, Anabates 207
erythropterus, Philydor. 207
erythropygia, Dendrornis 310
erythropygius, Xiphorhynchus. . . 310
ery thro thorax, Synallaxis 105
esmeraldae, Lepidocolaptes 329
euophrys, Philydor 208
Euphilydor 200
Eusiptornoides *33
excelsior, Cinclodes. 51
excelsior, Upucerthia 5 i
exilis, Furnarius 22
eximia, Dendrornis . . 306
eximius, Xiphorhynchus 306
exsertus, Automolus 222
exterior, Leptasthenura 66
extima, Leptasthenura 65
eytoni, Dendrocolaptes 296
eytoni, Xiphorhynchus 296
falcinellus, Lepidocolaptes 320
falcinellus, Thripobrotus 320
falcirostris, Dendrocolaptes 278
f alcularius, Campylorhamphus . . . 339
falcularius, Dendrocopus. . .• 339
falcirostris, Xiphocolaptes 278
fasciata, Geositta 12
f asciatus, Geobamon 12
fasciolatus, Sylviorthorhynchus . . 55
ferrugineigula, Anumbius 157
ferrugineigula, Drioctistes 156
ferruginolentus, Anabates 227
Figulus , J4
figulus, Furnarius 24
figulus, Turdus 24
fissirostris, Alauda 3
fissirostris, Geositta 3
fitis, Synallaxis 127
fitzgeraldi, Upucerthia 43
flammeus, Dendrocolaptes 314
flammulata, Asthenes 152
flammulatus, Anabates 228
flammulatus, Sittasomus 352
flammulatus, Synalaxis 152
flammulatus, Thripadectes 228
flamulata, Siptornis 166
flavescens, Pseudocolaptes 180
flavigaster, Xiphorhynchus 303
flavogularis, Asthenes 134
flavogularis, Synallaxis 134
forsteri, Cillurus 30
fortirostris, Dendrocolaptes 265
fortis, Geositta 14
fortis, Xiphocolaptes 282,378
fraterculus, Dendrornis 314
frenata, Synallaxis 1 16
frobeni, Certhilauda 5
frobeni, Geositta 5
frontalis, Sphenura 157
frontalis, Synallaxis 80
fruticicola, Synallaxis 78
fuliginiceps, Leptasthenura 69
fuliginiceps, Synallaxis 69
fuliginosa, Dendrocincla 375
fuliginosa, Schizoeaca 71
fuliginosa, Synallaxis 71
fuliginosus, Dendrocopus 375
fuliginosus, Furnarius 29
fulva, Aphrastura 57
fulvigularis, Sclerurus 252
fulviventris, Synallaxis 84
fumigatus, Dendrocolaptes 375
fumosus, Automolus 216
furcata, Cranioleuca 120
furcata, Synallaxis 120
Furnarius J4
furvicaudatus, Synallaxis 85
fusca, Sitta i«7
fuscescens, Leptasthenura 61
fuscicapillus, Lepidocolaptes 326
fuscicapillus, Picolaptes 326
fusciceps, Thripophaga , . 155
fuscifrons, Certhiaxis 113
fuscifrons, Synallaxis 113
fuscipennis, Philydor 201
fuscipennis, Synallaxis 82
fusco-rufa, Synallaxis 102
fuscus, Anabazenops 187
fuscus, Anthus 34
fuscus, Cinclodes 34
fuscus, Dendrocopus 332
fuscus, Lepidocolaptes 332
fuscus, Tinactor 245,253
galatheae, Homorus 182
garrulus, Malurus 157
genibarbis, Xenops 233
Geobamon 2
INDEX
383
Geobates i
Geooecia 245
Geositta 2
gilvus, Cinclodes 34
Glyphorynchus 350
Glyphorhynchup 350
gouldi, Henicornis 52
gracilirostris, Dendrocolaptes .... 349
gracula, Motacilla 30
gracilis, Picolaptes 332
graculus, Dendrocolaptes 261
graminicola, Asthenes 147
graminicola, Synallaxis 147
grandis, Xiphorhynchus 347
grenadensis, Xiphorhynchus 347
griseicapillus, Dendrocopus 356
griseicapillus, Sittasomus 356
griseiceps, Furnarius 23
griseigularis, Acrorchilus 122
griseigularis, Cranioleuca 122
griseipectus, Cranioleuca 121
griseipectus, Phacellodomus 161
griseiventris, Synallaxis 77,145
griseo-murina, Schizoeaca 72
griseo-murina, Syn-allaxis 72
griseonuchus, Synallaxis 92
grisescens, Leptasthenura 61
griseus, Sittasomus 359
guatemalensis, Sclerurus 255
guatemalensis, Tinactor 255
guayae, Xenops 239
guerrerensis, Automolus 216
guianensis, Dendrocincla 363
guianensis, Microxenops 243
guianensis, Philydor 209
gujanensis, Motacilla. . 93
gujanensis, Synallaxis 93
gularis, Synallaxis 108
gularis, Xenops 211
guttata, Margarornis 173
guttata, Picolaptes 332
guttatoides, Nasica 295
guttatoides, Xiphorhynchus 295
guttatus, Dendrocolaptes 294
guttatus, Xiphorhynchus 294
guttulatus, Anabazenops 194
guttulatus, Xenoctistes 194
guttuligera, Premnornis 173
guttuligera, Thripophaga ' 173
gutturalis, Anabates 184
gutturalis, Pseudoseisura 184
gutturata, Cranioleuca 131
gutturatus, Anabates 131
hallinani, Upucerthia 43
harterti, Schizoeaca 73
harterti, Upucerthia 50
hauxwelli, Furnarius 21
helleri, Schizoeaca 72
Heliobletus 227
hellmayri, Asthenes 145
hellmayri, Cranioleuca 120
hellmayri, Dendrocincla 376
hellmayri, Geositta 5
hellmayri, Lepidocolaptes 336
hellmayri, Siptornis 120
hellmayri, Synallaxis. 145
hellmayri, Xenops 242
Henicornis 51
hesperius, Dendrocolaptes 264
heterocerca, Synallaxis 129
heterura, Siptornis 137
heterura, Asthenes 137
heterurus, Cinclodes 39
heterurus, Xenops 240
hilereti, Siptornis 139
hoffmannsi, Dendrocolaptes 268
holostictus, Automolus 232
holostictus, Thripadectes 232
homochroa, Dendrocincla 372
homochrous, Dendromanes 372
Homorus 181
hornensis, Cinclodes 33
huallagae, Asthenes 153
huallagae, Siptornis 153
huallagae, Synallaxis ; 94
hudsoni, Asthenes 149
hudsoni, Synallaxis 149
humicola, Asthenes 144
humicola, Synnalaxis 144
humilis, Asthenes 141
humilis, Synallaxis 140,141
Hydrolegus 257
Hylexetastes : 274
Hylocryptus . . 226
Hyloctistes 185
hypochondriaca, Siptornopsis . ... 132
hypochondriacus, Siptornis 132
hypoleuca, Synallaxis 90
hypoleuca, Upucerthia 46
hypophaeus, Automolus 223
hyposppdia, Synallaxis 86
hyposticta, Synallaxis 131
idoneus, Xenicopsis 198
ignobilis, Automolus 231
ignobilis, Thripadectes 231
ignotus, Xiphocolaptes 282
iguatensis, Xiphocolaptes 278
immaculatus, Anabazenops 208
infumata, Synallaxis 78
infuscatus, Anabates 199,212
infuscatus, Automolus 212
inornata, Synallaxis 95
inornata, Synallaxis 120
inornatus, Cinclodes 28
inornatus, Phacellodomus 160
insignis, Dendrornis 316
insignis, Lepidocolaptes 332
insignis, Picolaptes 332
insignis, Xiphorhynchus 316
insolitus, Xiphorhynchus 309
intermedianus, Pseudocolaptes . . . 179
intermedius, Campylorhamphus . . 342
INDEX
intermedius, Dendrocolaptes 266
Ipnodomus 14
Ipoborus 211
isabellina, Certhilauda 8
isabellina, Geositta 8
jaliscensis, Sittasomus 361
jardinei, Dendrornis 302
jardinei, Xiphorhynchus 301
jelskii, Coprotretis 46
jelskii, Upucerthia 46
johnsoni, Pseudocolaptes 179
josephinae, Synallaxis 88
juae, Synallaxis 82
juninensis, Geositta 6
juninensis, Upucerthia 13
juruanus, Dendrocolaptes 262
juruana, Dendrornis 316
juruanus, Xiphorhynchus 316
kienerii, Dendroplex 291
kienerii, Dendrornis 291
klagesi, Automolus 230
klagesi, Thripadectes 230
koeniswaldianus, Picolaptes 333
kollari, Poecilurus 112
kollari, Synallaxis 112
lachrymosus, Dendrornis. ....... 305
lachrymosus, Xiphorhynchus. . . . 305
lacrymiger, Dendrocolaptes 322
lacrymiger, Lepidocolaptes 322
laemosticta, Synallaxis 103
lafresnayanus, Campylorhamphus 341
lafresnayanus, Dendrocolaptes. . . 341
lafresnayei, Dendrocincla 367
lafresnayi, Lepidocolaptes 321
lafresnayi, Thripobrotus 321
lanceolatus, Opetiorhynchus 27
latitabunda, Synallaxis 91
lawrencei, Dendrornis 299
lawrencei, Sclerurus 253
lawrencii, Pseudocolaptes 176
layardi, Picolaptes 327
layardi, Lepidocolaptes 327
Lepidocolaptes 318
Leptasthenura 60
leptasthenuroides, Siptornis 137
Leptoxyura 112
leucogaster, Lepidocolaptes 319
leucogaster, Xiphorhynchus 319
leucophrys, Anabates 227
leucophrys, Cichlocolaptes 227
leucophthalmus, Anabates 211
leucophthalmus, Automolus 211
leucopus, Furnarius. 18
leucosternus, Dendrodramus 244
levaillantii, Picolaptes 319
levis, Sittasomus 360
lichtensteini, Philydor 203
lignicida, Lepidocolaptes 325
lignicida, Picolaptes 325
lilloi, Asthenes 148
lilloi, Siptornis 148
Limnoctites 54
Limnophyes 53
Limnornis 53
lineaticeps, Anabates 187
lineaticeps, Lepidocolaptes 329
lineaticeps, Picolaptes 329
lineatocapilla, Dendrornis 312
lineatocapillus, Xiphorhynchus. . . 312
lineatocephalus, Dendrocolaptes.. 284
lineatocephalus, Xiphocolaptes. . . 284
lineatus, Anabazenops 192
lineatus, Xenpctistes 192
littoralis, Lepidocolaptes 330
littoralis, Picolaptes 330
littoralis, Xenops 236
Lochmia 256
Lochmias 256
longicauda, Deconychura 363
longicauda, Dendrocincla 363
longipennis, Furnarius 36
longipennis, Geositta 8
longirostris, Campylorhamphus. . . 340
longirostris, Dendrocopus 348
longirostris, Dendroplex 293
longirostris, Furnarius 21
longirostris, Myothera 253
longirostris, Nasica 348
lophotes, Homorus 183
lophotes, Pseudoseisura 183
luscinia, Ochetorhynchus 49,50
luscinia, Upucerthia. 50
lyra, Philydor 210
macconnelli, Automolus 221
macconnelli, Sclerurus 251
macconnelli, Synallaxis 84
madeirae, Lepidocolaptes 326
macrorhyncha, Dendrocincla 377
macroura, Thripophaga 154
macrourus, Anabates 154
maculata, Synallaxis 99
maculatus, Dendrocopus 337
maculicauda, Asthenes 153
maculicauda, Siptornis 153
maculipectus, Phacellodomus . ... 165
maculirostris, Cinclodes 29
maculiventer, Xyphorhynchus . . . 319
major, Campylorhamphus 343
major, Dendrocopus 286
major, Glyphorhynchus 353
major, Synallaxis 168
major, Xiphocolaptes 286
maluroides, Asthenes 150
maluroides, Sylviorthorhynchus . . 55
maluroides, Synallaxis 150
maranonica, Synallaxis 98
marayniocensis, Siptornis 141
maritima, Certhilauda 10
INDEX
385
maritima, Geositta 10
martinsi, Synallaxis 114
masafuerae, Aphrastura 57
masafuerae, Synallaxis 57
Margarornis 170
maynanus, Philydor 224
media, Synallaxis 79
medianus, Pseudocolaptes 179
medius, Dendrocolaptes 260
megarhynchus, Dendrornis 304
megarhynchus, Xiphorhynchus. . . 304
Megaxenops 243
melanocephalus, Xenops . 200
melanopezus, Anabates 219
melanopezus, Automolus 219
melanops, Phleocryptes 57
melanops, Sylvia 57
melanorhynchus, Anabates 231
melanorhynchus, Thripadectes . . . 231
melanotis, Furnarius 24
melanura, Chilia 52
melanura, Enicornis 52
menaloceps, Dendrocolaptes 265
mentalis, Anabazenops 193
mentalis, Dendrornis 303
mentalis, Sphenura 114
mentalis, Xenoctistes 193
mentalis, Xiphorhynchus 303
meridae, Pseudocolaptes 177
meridana, Synallaxis. 101
merula, Dendrocolaptes 370
merula, Dendrocincla. 370
merulina, Dendrocincla 366
meruloides, Dendrocincla 366
meruloides, Dendrocops 366
Metopothrix 167
mexicanus, Sclerurus 248
mexicanus, Xenops 237
microrhynchus, Acanthurus 355
Microxenops 243
milled, Microxenops 243
minlosi, Xenerpestes 166
minor, Cillurus 34
minor, Deconychura 362
minor, Dendrocincla 365
minor, Furnarius 23
minutus, Turdus 232
minutus, Xenops 232
modesta, Asthenes 139
modestus, Synallaxis 139
moesta, Synallaxis 82
molitor, Cinclodes 31
montana, Synallaxis 59
montana, Uppucerthia 48
montanus, Anabates 195
montanus, Xenicopsoides 195
montivagans, Leptasthenura 66
moreirae, Oreophylax 74
moreirae, Synallaxis 74
mulleri, Cranioleuca 132
mulleri, Siptornis 132
multiguttatus, Nasica 317
multostriata, Asthenes 151
multo-striata, Synallaxis 151
multostriatus, Campylorhamphus. 340
multostriatus, Xiphorhynchus. . . . 340
multistrigatus, Dendrocolaptes. . . 270
mustelina, Certhiaxis 115
mustelina, Synallaxis 115
nana, Dendrornis 299
nanus, Xiphorhynchus 299
napensis, Xiphorhynchus 313
Nasica 348
nasalis, Nasica 348
neglecta, Siptornis 137
neglecta, Synallaxis 100
neglectus, Cinclodes 47
neglectus, Lepidocolaptes 325
neglectus, Picolaptes 325
neglectus, Xenops 237
negrensis, Dendrocolaptes 270
nematura, Lochmias 257
nematura, Myiothera 257
Neops . 232
nesiotis, Synallaxis 89
nicaraguae, Hylostictes 186
nigricauda, Automolus 218
nigrifumpsa, Synallaxis 91
nigrocapillus, Xenops 199
nigro-fasciata, Alauda 3
nigro-fumosa, Uppucerthia 27
mgrofumosus, Cinclodes 27
notatus, Picolaptes 317
notius, Synallaxis 86
oberholseri, Pseudocolaptes 178
obidensis, Thripophaga 155
obscura, Synallaxis 83
obscurata, Lochmias 258
obscurior, Sclerurus 250
obscurus, Anabates 218
obscurus, Automolus. . 218
obscurus, Xiphocolaptes 288
obsoleta, Cranioleuca 127
obsoleta, Leptoxyura 127
obsoletus, Dendrocolaptes 259,317
obsoletus, Xenops 234
obsoletus, Xiphocolaptes 286
obsoletus, Xiphorhynchus 317
obtectus, Picolaptes 326
occipitalis, Synallaxis 88
ocellatus, Dendrocolaptes 311
ocellatus, Xiphorhynchus 311
Ochetorhynchus 41
ochroblepharus, Cichlocolaptes . . . 188
ochrogaster, Philydor 201
ochorolaemus, Anabates. 219
ochrolaemus, Automolus 219
oleagineus, Anabazenops 190
oleagineus, Xenoctistes 190
olivascens, Sclerurus 255
olivacens, Synallaxis 76
olivaceus, Sittasomus 356
386
INDEX
omiltemensis, Xiphocolaptes 279
omissa, Synallaxis 108
Opetiorynchos 14
orenocensis, Xiphocolaptes 285
oreobates, Cinclodes 38
Oreophylax 74
ornatus, Oxyurus 56
orryctera, Geooecia 246
Orthocolaptes 259
Otipne 176
ottonis, Asthenes 137
ottonis, Siptornis 137
oustaleti, Cinclodes 32
Oxypyga 245
Oxyurus 55
palamblae, Cranioleuca 118
palamblae, Siptornis 118
pallescens, Dendrocolaptes 267
palliatus, Cillurus 40
palliatus, Cinclodes 40
palliatus, Dendrornis 318
palliatus, Xiphorhynchus 318
pallida, Cranioleuca 123
pallida, Leptasthenura 62
pallida, Upucerthia 45
pallidiceps, Synallaxis 127
pallidigularis, Automolus 221
pallidior, Philydor 200
pallidus, Synallaxis 123
palpebralis, Schizoeaca 72
panamensis, Pseudocolaptes 176
panerythrus, Philydor 206
paramo, Synall [axis] 146
paraensis, Automolus 214
paraensis, Dendrexetastes 273
Paraguay ae, Furnarius 16
paranensis, Leptasthenura 69
paranensis, Xiphocolaptes 276
pardalotus, Dendrocopus 313
pardalotus, Xiphorhynchus 313
parnaguae, Megaxenops 243
Parulus 75
parvirostris, Picolaptes 325
patagonica, Asthenes 138
patagonica, Motacilla 30
patagonica, Synallaxis 138
patagonicus, Cinclodes 30
patagonicus, Oxiurus 56
paytae, Geositta 10
pectinicaudus, Sittasomus 360
pectoralis, Automolus 216
pectoralis, Glyphorynchus 353
pelzelni, Xenops 233
percnopterus, Xenicopsis. . 189
perlata, Margarornis 171
perlatus, Sittasomus 171
perpallida, Sj^nallaxis 90
perrotii, Dendrocolaptes 274
perrotii, Hylexetastes 274
peruviana, Geositta 9
peruviana, Leptapthenura ....... 64
peruviana, Margarornis 1 70
peruviana, Schizoeaca 71
peruviana, Synallaxis 131
peruvianus, Phacellodomug 159
peruvianus, Picolaptes 323
peruvianus, Sclerurus 250
Phacellodomus 157
Phaceloscenus 157
phaeochroa, Dendrocincla 368
phaeopygus, Xiphocolaptes 284
phelpsi, Sittasomus 359
Philydor 199
Phleocryptes 57
phoenicurus, Enicornis. 51
phoenicurus, Eremobius 51
phryganopbila, Schoeniophylax . . . 73
phryganophila, Sylvia 73
Picerthia 256
pichinchae, Synallaxis 109
picirostris, Dendroplex 292
picoides, Gracula 288
Picolaptes 293
picumnus, Dendrocolaptes 269
picus, Dendroplex 288
picus, Oriolus 288
pileata, Leptasthenura 68
pileatus, Furnarius 24
piurae, Synallaxis 99
plagosus, Dendrocolaptes. 269
platensis, Leptasthenura 63
platyrhynchus, Dendrocolaptes. . . 265
platyrostris, Dendrocolaptes 264
platyryncha, Zenophasia 352
poecilopterus, Anthus i
poecilopterus, Geobates i
Poecilurus no
poliocephala, Sphenura 204
poliophrys, Synallaxis 76
polysticta, Asthenes 144
polysticta, Dendrornis 302
polystictus, Xiphorhynchus 302
polyzonus, Dendrocolaptes 262
praedatus, Lepidocolaptes 334
praedatus, Picolaptes 334
Premnocopus 259
Premnoplex 1 73
Premnornis 173
procerus, Xiphocolaptes 280
procurvoides, Campy lorham phus . 345
procurvoides, Xiphorhynchus .... 345
procurvus, Dendrocolaptes. . . .339,342
procurvus, Xiphocolaptes 280
promeropirhynchus, Dendro-
colaptes 281
promeropirhynchus, Xiphoco-
laptes 281
propinqua, Synallaxis 98
propinqua, Upucerthia 42
propinquus, Sclerurus 248
proxima, Siptornis 140
Pseudocolaptes 176
Pseudoseisura . . .181
INDEX
387
Pseudosiptornis . 133
pucheranii, Campylorhamphus. . . 347
pucheranii, Xiphorhynchus 347
pudibunda, Asthenes 137
pudibunda, Synallaxis 137
pudica, Synallaxis 91
pullus, Sclerurus 249
pulvericolor, Anabates 95
pumicola, Synallaxis 144
puncticeps, Picolaptes 328
puncticollis, Dendrocolaptes 272
punctigula, Dendrornis 310
punctigula, Leptasthenura 64
punctigula, Xiphorhynchus 310
punensis, Asthenes 147
punensis, Geositta 7
punensis, Siptornis 147
purusianus, Xenops 241
pusillus, Campylorhamphus 346
pusillus, Xiphorhynchus 346
Pygarrhichus 244
Pygarrhicus 244
pyrrhodes, Anabates 202
pyrrhodes, Philydor 202
pyrrholeuca, Asthenes 133
pyrrholeuca, Sylvia 133
pyrrhophia, Cranioleuca 128
pyrrhophius, Dendrocopus 128
quindiana, Asthenes 151
quindiana, Siptornis 151
radiolatus, Dendrocolaptes 263
rectirostris, Automolus 225
rectirostris, Dendrocopus 288
rectirostris, Limnoctites 54
rectirostris, Limnornis 54
rectirostris, Opetiorhynchus 225
reiseri, Cranioleuca 125
reiseri, Siptornis 125
reiseri, Sittasomus 257
remota, Dendrocincla 372
Rhopoctites 228
ridgwayi, Dendrocincla 370
ridgwayi, Dendrocolaptes 259
ridgwayi, Xenops 237
rikeri, Berlepschia 181
rikeri, Picolaptes 181
rimarum, Xiphorhynchus 294
riveti, Philydor 206
rivularis, Cillurus 37
robusta, Asthenes 141
robusta, Siptornis 141
roraimae, Automolus 219
rosenbergi, Xiphorhynchus 298
rostrata, Asthenes 140
rostrata, Siptornis 140
rostratus, Premnoplex 174
rostratus, Xiphocolaptes '. . . 281
rostratus, Xiphorhynchus 305
rostripallens, Dendrornis 295
ruber, Furnarius . . . -. 162
ruber, Phacellodomus 162
rubicola, Phacellodomus 163
rubidus, Automolus. 225
rubiginosa, Margarornis 172
rubiginosus, Anabates 215
rubiginosus, Automolus 215
rubiginosus, Dendrocolaptes 286
rufala, Siptornis 1 48
rufescens, Automolus 206
ruficauda, Synallaxis 114
ruficauda, Upucerthia 48
ruficaudatus, Anabates 208
ruficaudatus, Philydor 208
ruficaudus, Anabates 93,208
ruficaudus, Glyphorynchus 352
ruficaudus, Neops 235
ruficaudus, Ochetorhynchus 48
ruficaudus, Opetiorhynchus 17
ruficaudus, Xenops v 235
ruficapilla, Synallaxis 75
ruficeps, Dendrocincla 373
ruficeps, Sphenura 76,77
ruficollaris, Xenops. 154
ruficollis, Anabazenops 225
ruficollis, Automolus 225
ruficollis, Philydor 204
ruficollis, Sylvia 123
rufifrons, Anabates 157
rufifrons, Phacellodomus 157
rufifrons, Xenops 204
rufigenis, Cranioleuca 123
rufigenis, Synallaxis 123
rufigula, Dendrexetastes 273
rufigula, Dendrocolaptes 273
rufigularis, Sclerurus 252
rufipectus, Automolus 217
rufipectus, Synallaxis 109
rufipennis, Cranioleuca 130
rufipennis, Geobamon 1 1
rufipennis, Geositta i r
rufipennis, Phacellodomus 163
rufipennis, Synallaxis 130
rufipileatus, Anabates. 223
rufipileatus, Automolus 223
rufiventris, Synallaxis no
rufobrunneus, Philydor 230
rufobrunneus, Thripadectes 230
rufo-dorsalis, Xiphorhynchus .... 341
rufogularis, Synallaxis 107,149
rufo-olivacea, Dendrocincla. ..... 375
rufosuperciliatus, Xenoctistes. ... 188
rufosuperciliatus, Xenops 1 88
rufus, Dendrocolaptes 338
rufus, Dendrocopus 204
rufus, Furnarius 14
rufus, Merops 14
rufus, Philydor 204
rufus, Xenops ... 211
rupestris, Opetiorhynchos 31
russeola, Certhiaxis 114
russeola, Sylvia 114
ruticilla, Synallaxis 127
388
rutilans, Synallaxis 105
rutilans, Xenops 238
rutilus, Xenops '.,.:. 238
sajamae, Siptornis 139
salvini, Sclerurus 256
sanctae-martae, Lepidocolaptes . . 321
sanctae-martae, Picolaptes 321
sanctae-martae, Xiphocolaptes. . . 280
sancti-hilarii, Furnarius 257
sancti-thomae, Dendrocolaptes . . . 263
sancti-thomae, Dendrocops 263
saturata, Dendrocincla 374
saturatior, Dendroplex 290
saturatior, Picolaptes 332
saturatior, Upucerthia 44
saturatus, Automolus 218
saturatus, Xiphocolaptes 282,288
saxicolina, Geositta 9
Saxilauda 2
scandens, Gracula 260
scansor, Oxypyga 245
scansor, Sclerurus 245
schistaceus, Cinclodes 33
Schizoeaca 71
Schizoeacha 71
schocolatinus, Cinclodes 40
Schoeniophylax 73
schoenobaenus, Phleocryptes .... 59
sclateri, Anabates 213
sclateri, Synallaxis 150
sclateri, Thripadectes 229
sclateri, Thripophaga 157
sclateri, Xiphocolaptes 279
Sclerurus 245
scutata, Synallaxis 99
scrutator, Thripadectes 229
secunda, Deconychura 362
seilerni, Dendrocolaptes 271
semicinerea, Cranioleuca 126
semicinerea, Leptoxyura 126
semicinnamomeus, Pseudocolaptes 1 78
semirufus, Philydor 206
serrana, Upucerthia 47
setaria, Dendrophylax 70
setaria, Synallaxis 70
seticauda, Motacilla 56
sibilatrix, Phacellodomus 162
silvestrianus, Hydrolegus 257
similis, Dendroplex 317
simillimus, Glyphorhynchus 350
simoni, Synallaxis 97
simonsi, Heleodytes 41
simpliciceps, Dendrocolaptes 284
sincipitalis, Phacellodomus 158
singularis, Synallaxis 167
singularis, Xenerpestes 167
Siptornis 166
Siptornoides 133
Siptornopsis 132
Sittacilla 350
Sittasomus 354
Sittosomus 354
sordida, Asthenes 135
sordida, Synallaxis 135
soror, Xenops 233
sororia, Dendrornis 297
sororia, Lochmias 258
sororius, Xiphorhynchus 297
souleyetii, Dendrocolaptes 328
souleyetii, Lepidocolaptes 328
sparsim-striatus, Cinclodes 28
specularis, Phacellodomus 160
Sphenopyga 168
Sphenorynchus 350
spinicauda, Aphrastura 56
spinicauda, Motacilla 56
spirurus, Glyphorhynchus 350
spirurus, Neops 350
spixi, Synallaxis 85
spixii, Picolaptes 314
spizii, Xiphorhynchus 314
squamatus, Dendrocolaptes 319
squamatus, Lepidocolaptes . 319
squamiger, Anabates 1 70
squamigera, Margarornis 170
squamulata, Lochmias 257
steinbachi, Asthenes 145
steinbachi, Siptornis 145
stellata, Margarornis 172
stenoptila, Leptasthenura . ...... 61
stictolaema, Deconychura 362
stictolaemus, Sittasomus 362
stictonota, Margarornis 175
stictonotus, Premnoplex 175
stictoptilus, Ipoborus 185
stictpthorax, Synallaxis 98
stissitura, Synallaxis 80
stresemanni, Hylexetastes 275
striata, Enicornis 48
striata, Leptasthenura 67
striata, Synallaxis 67
striaticeps, Anumbius 160
striaticeps, Automolus 231
striaticeps, Cranioleuca 129
striaticeps, Phacellodomus 160
striaticeps, Pseudocolaptes. ..... 177
striaticeps, Synallaxis 128,130
striaticollis, Anabates 196
striaticollis, Anumbius 164
striaticollis, Phacellodomus 164
striaticollis, Siptornis 166
striaticollis, Synallaxis 166
striaticollis, Xenicopsoides 196
striatidorsus, Automolus 232
striatigularis, Dendrornis 304
striatigularis, Xiphorhynchus .... 304
stria tipectus, Synallaxis 104
strigilatus, Ancistrops 187
strigilatus, Thamnophilus 187
striolata, Leptasthenura 68
striolata, Sphenura 154
striolata, Synallaxis 68
striolatus, Xenicopsis 194
INDEX
389
striolatus, Xenoctistes 194
subalaris, Anabates 193
subalaris, Xenoctistes : . . 193
subandina, Synallaxis 119
subcristata, Cranioleuca 120
subcristata, Synallaxis 120
subflavescens, Philydor 208
subfulvus, Philydor 201
subguttatus, Picolaptes 295
subprocurvus, Xiphorhynchus . . . . 346
subpudica, Synallaxis 86
subulata, Sphenura 185
subulatus, Hyloctistes 185
sulphurascens, Sphenura 211
sulphurifera, Cranioleuca 130
sulphurifera, Synallaxis 130
superciliaris, Furnarius 24
superciliaris, Sphenura 200
superciliosa, Synallaxis 76
superciliosus, Dendrocolaptes. ... 128
susurrans, Dendrocolaptes 301
susurrans, Xiphorhynchus 301
Sylosella 354
sylviellus, Dendrocolaptes 355
sylviellus, Sittasomus 355
sylvioides, Sittasomus 360
Sylviorthorhynchus 54
Synallaxis 75
Syndactyla 188
Synnalaxis 60
tacarcunae, Xenicopsis 192
tacarcunae, Xenoctistes 192
taczanowskii, Asthenes 152
taczanowskii, Cinclodes 28
taczanowskii, Siptornis 152
tamucoensis, Upucerthia 44
tardus, Dendrocolaptes 270
tarefero, Dendrocolaptes 265
tatei, Premnoplex 175
tecellata, Synallaxis 73
temminckii, Dendrocolaptes 273
temminckii, Sittasomus 355
temporalis, Anabates 198
temporalis, Xenicopsoides 198
tenuirostris, Alauda 13
tenuirostris, Dendrocolaptes 334
tenuirostris, Geositta 13
tenuirostris, Lepidocolaptes 333
tenuirostris, Xenops 241
terrestris, Synallaxis 104
terricolor, Synallaxis 98
tertia, Synallaxis '. . 107
thelotii, Synallaxis 60
thoracicus, Campylorhamphus . . . 345
thoracicus, Xiphorhynchus 345
Thripadectes 228
Thripophaga 154
Thryolegus 53
Tinactor 245
tithys, Synallaxis 97
torridus, Furnarius 20
transfasciatus, Dendrocolaptes. . . 268
triangularis, Dendrocolaptes 307
triangularis, Xiphorhynchus 307
tricolor, Furnarius 21,25
trochilirostris, Campylorhamphus 342
trochilirostris, Dendrocolaptes. . . . 342
tucumanus, Cinclodes 36
tupinieri, Synallaxis 56
turdina, Dendrocincla 364
turdinus, Anabates 220
turdinus, Automolus 220
turdinus, Dendrocolaptes . 364
typhla, Dendrocincla 374
typica, Deconychura 361
tyrannina, Dendrocincla 376
tyranninus, Dendrocops 376
umbretta, Myiothera 253
umbretta, Sclerurus 253
umbrinus, Automolus 215
undulatus, Hylexetastes 276
undulatus, Premnocopus 261
uniformis, Hylexetastes 275
unirufa, Pseudoseisura 182
unirufa, Synallaxis 101
unirufus, Anabates 182
Upucerthia 41
urubambensis, Asthenes 153
urubambensis, Siptornis 153
validirostris, Picolaptes 303
validirostris, Ochetorhynchus .... 45
validirostris, Upucerthia 45
validus, Dendrocolaptes 270
variegaticeps, Anabazenops 198
variegaticeps, Xenicopsoides 198
variegatus, Dendrocolaptes 269
venezuelanus, Philydor 197
venezuelanus, Xenicopsoides 197
venezuelensis, Campylorhamphus 343
venezuelensis, Furnarius 22
venezuelensis, Poecilurus 1 1 1
venezuelensis, Synallaxis 1 1 1
venezuelensis, Xiphorhynchus. . . . 343
veraepacis, Automolus 215
villadenovae, Xiphocolaptes 278
virescens, Sittasomus 359
virgata, Asthenes 153
virgata, Synallaxis 153
virgaticeps, Thripadectes 229
virgatus, Hyloctistes 186
virgatus, Philydor 1 86
virgatus, Xiphocolaptes 281
vulgaris, Uppucerthia 34,37
vulpecula, Cranioleuca 126
vulpecula, Synallaxis 126
vulpina, Cranioleuca 124
vulpina, Synallaxis 124
wagleri, Dendrocolaptes 320
wagleri, Lepidocolaptes 320
390 INDEX
wallacei, Dendrocincla 375
wallisi, Henicornis 52
warscewiczi, Lepidocolaptes 323
warscewiczi, Thripobrotus 323
watkinsi, Automolus 217
weddellii, Dendrornis 311
whitii, Synallaxis 100
wyatti, Asthenes 146
wyatti, Synallaxis 146
Xenerpestes 166
Xenicopsis 187
Xenicopsoides 195
Xenoctistes 188
Xenops 232
xenothorax, Leptasthenura 68
Xiphocolaptes 276
Xiphorhynchus 293
Xiphornis 339
yucatanensis, Xiphorhynchus. . . . 304
yungae, Philydor 195
yungae, Xenicopsoides 195
zamorae, Sclerurus 246
Zenophasia . . . . j. 350
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