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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

CATALOGUE

OF THE DESCRIBED

LEPIDOPTERA

v^i

XORTH AMERICA.

PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

JOHN G. MORRIS.

WASHINGTON:

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

MAY, I860.

ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION

OCTOBER 1, 1859.

JOSEPH HENRY,

Secretary S. I.

PREFACE.

IN the preparation of this Catalogue all accessible books have
been consulted, and it is believed that no descriptions of American
Lepidoptera have been overlooked. The works which my own
library and those of the Smithsonian Institution and the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia do not contain, were kindly
lent by entomological friends. The "authorities," enumerated on
a subsequent page, will show the extent of my researches.

The classification adopted is that recommended in part by Her-
rick-Schaeffer and Walker, but in some of the families of the Noc-
tuidae I have followed Guenee. A catalogue like the present is
not the place for strict scientific classification; that must be left
for a systematic descriptive work.

As far as p. 49, Guenee's volumes have been cited according to
their number as regards the subject, ex. gr. vol. V. of the Suites
a Buffon, is vol I. of Noctuelites, and I have thus referred to them,
but after p. 49 they are quoted according to the Suites.

I am well aware of the imperfections of this Catalogue in many
respects, but it will still give a fair exhibition of what has been
accomplished in this department.

The Mexican and West Indian species have been included, or
most of them, at the earnest entreaty of several entomologists;
firstly, because some of the species are common to the continent
and the islands ; and, secondly, because it is not impossible that
before many years our political boundaries may extend over some
of those countries.

Although this Catalogue enumerates over 2000 species, the
greater number of which occur in the United States proper, yet
there is reason to believe that hundreds yet remain to be disco-

iv PREFACE.

vered. Our new territorial acquisitions in the West are con-
stantly affording remarkable insect novelties, all of which will be
described in the course of time by our naturalists. The science of
entomology is rapidly advancing in our country ; every year the
number of students is increasing, and discoveries of new species in
all the orders are of frequent occurrence.

It will be observed that the Catalogue contains very few micro-
lepidoptera. That section has, as yet, received but little attention
in the United States; Dr. B. Clemens, of Easton, Pa., however, is
now making a special study of it, and has kindly furnished me with
the names of his species as far as published. Dr. Herrick-Schaeffer,
of Ratisbon, Bavaria, has described some other species, which may
hereafter be added to this Catalogue as an Appendix.

I desire in this place publicly to express nay obligations for the
very valuable aid afforded me by Professor S. S. Haldeman, of
Columbia, Pa., by Dr. J. L. Leconte, of Philadelphia, and by Dr.
B. Clemens, of Easton, Pa. Other gentlemen have contributed
material and counsel, for all of which I am truly grateful.

JOHN G. MORRIS.

BALTIMORE, March, 1860.

AUTHORITIES

AGASS. — Lake Superior, its physical character, vegetation, and animals,
compared with those of other and similar regions. By Louis Agassiz.
Boston, 1850. 8vo.
ANN. Soc. ENT. — Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France. 1832-44,

Paris.

BOISD. et LEC. — Histoire generale et Iconographie des Lepidopteres et des
Chenilles de 1'Amerique Septentrionale par le Dr. Boisduval et M.
Le Conte, de New York, torn I. Paris, 1833.
BOISD. SPEC. G-EX. — Species General des Lepidopteres, par le Dr. Boisduval.

. Paris, 1836.
C. B. M. — Catalogue of the British Museum. Lepidoptera in Pts. I-XIX.

12mo. 1844-59, London.

CATESBY. — The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama
Islands, &c. &c. By Mark Catesby, F. R. S. 2 vols. fol. London.
1754.
CLEMENS. — Article V. in Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, New

Series, vol. IV — Synopsis of N. Amer. Sphingidae. 1859.
Proceedings of the Academy of Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia,
for 1859, 1860 — Contributions to American Lepidopterology
—No. 1, Sept. 1859 ; No. 2, Nov. 1859 ; No, 3, Jan. 1860.
CLERCK. — Icones insectorum rariorum. Stockholm, 1759-64.
CRAM. — Cramer's Papillons Exot. des trois parties du monde, &c. Utrecht,

1775-79. 4to.

DONOV. — Donovan's Naturalist's Repository. London, 1835. 2 vols. Svo.
DOUBLEDAT and HEWITSON. — Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. London.
DOUBLED. — Doubleday in Gray's Zoolog. Magazine. London.

Doubleday in Annals of Natural History. 1844, London.
Doubleday in The Entomologist. 1840-42, London.
DRDR. — Drury's Illustrations of Nat. Hist. 3 vols. 1770-73, London.

(Also new edition by "Westwood, 1837.)

FAB. — Fabricii Entomologia Systematica. 1792-98, Hafniae.
FABRICIUS. — Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta, etc. Hafniae,

1793.

Mantissa Insectorum, etc. 1787, Hafniae. Svo.
FISHER. — Proceedings of the Acad. Nat. Sciences for 1858. Philadelphia.

VI AUTHORITIES.

FITCH. — Transactions of the New York State Agricult. Soc., &c. &c.

Report I, 1855 ; II, 1856 ; III, 1857 ; IV, 1858 ; V, 1859.
GN. — GUENEE. — Histoire naturelle des Insectes — Species general des Lepi-
dopteres par MM. Boisduval et Guenee. Tome cinquierne. Noc-
tuelites par M. A. Guenee. Vols. I, II et III. Ouvrage accom-
pagne de Planches. Paris, 8vo. 1852.
" Delto'j'des et Pyralites. Tome huitieme. 1854.
" Uranides et Phalenites. Tomes neuvieme et dixieme. Vol. I et II.

1857.

GUER. — Guerin in Griffith's Cuvier's Regne Animal.
GODT. — Godart in Encyclopedic Methodique, vol. IX.
HARR. — Harris's Treatise on some of the Insects of New England which are

injurious to vegetation. Boston, 1842. Second edition, 1852.
" Harris's SphingesMn Silliman's Journal, vol. XXXVI. 1839.
HERBST. — Herbst und Jahlonski, Schmetterlinge. Berlin, 1783-1804.
HERR.-SCHAEFF. — Herrick-Schaeffer's Fortsetzung von Hiibner. Ratisbon,

1843.

" Herrick-Schaeffer's Neue Exot. Ratisbon.

HEWITSON'S Exotic Butterflies. London.

HiiBN. — HUBNER. — Exotischer Sammlung. 180G, 4to. (without paging).
" Zutraege zur Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge. 1818, 4to.

(paging from 1 to 1000). Augsburg.
" Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge. 8vo. 1816.
KIRBT. — Fauna Boreali-Americana. Part IV. Insects, by Kirby. Norwich,

1837. 4to.

KIRT. — Kirtland in Silliman's Journal, vol. XIII, new series.
LATR. — Latreille in Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland. Vol. 3. Paris, 1811.
" Latreille in Humboldt and Bonpland's Recueil d'Observations de
Zoologie d'Anatomie comparee, &c. &c. 2 vols. 4to. Paris,
1811-33.
LINN. — LINNAEUS. — Mantissa. 1767. 8vo.

" " Systema Naturae. Ed. 13, 1767.

" " Amoenitates Academicae. Lugd. Bat., 1749.

LUCAS. — Hist. Naturelle des Papil. exotiques. Paris, 1858.
MENETRIES. — Bulletin de la Soc. Imper. des Naturalistes. Moscow.
MERIAN. — Ins. Surinam, folio. Amsterdam, 1705.
NAT. LIB. — Jardine's Naturalist's Library, Vol. XXXVI.
PAL. BEAUV. — Palisot de Beauvois, Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en

Arnerique. Paris, 1805. Fol.

PEALE. — Lepidoptera Americana. 4to. Philadelphia, 1833.
PECK. — Agricultural Repository of Massachusetts, vol. V.
POET. — Memorias sobre la historia naturale de la Isla de Cuba, vol. I. Ha-

baua, 1851.
SAY. — American Entomology. 3 vols. 1817-28. Philadelphia,

AUTHORITIES. vii

SEBA. — Locupletissimi rerum nat. thesauri accurata descriptio., &c. &c.

4 vols. Amsterdam, 1734-65. Fol.

SM. ABB. — The Natural History of the Earer Lepidopterous Insects of
Georgia, with the plants on which they feed. By John Abbott.
Edited by J. E. Smith. 2 vols. folio. London, 1797.
STOLL. — Supplement a 1'Ouvrage Cramer's Papillon's exotiques. Amster-
dam, 4to. 1787.

WESTWOOD. — Arcana entomologica. 2 vols. 4to. London, 1840.
" Annals of Natural History. 2d ser. vol. XV.

" Edition of Drury. 1837.

ZELLER. — Oken's Isis, 1848.

ERRATA.

ERRATA ET ADDENDA.

Page 9, transfer Eres. ezorias to same genus on p. 6.

" 15, Urn. textula not. tentula.

" 16, transfer Glauc. venosa and ruficeps to genus UtllOSia.

" 16, for Troclillilim Steph. read Scop.

" 16, add aceris Clemens, Pr. A. N. Soc. 1860, to Trocliiliuiil.

" 18, erase An. coniferarum as synonym of S. kalmia.

" 18, for leucophaeta read leucophaeata.

" 19, after forestan erase mark of interrogation.

" 19, for ficus Merian read Drury.

" 21, transfer D. imperialis to genus Ceratocampa.

" 22, transfer Cli§iocampa to BOMBYCIDAE.

" 22, angulosa Sm. Abb., not Doubleday.

" 23, add albosigma and vau, Fitch, to Clostera.

" 23, transfer opercularis and pyxidifera (Lagoa) to Limacodes.

" 24, erase epimenis as syn. of Spil. virginica.

" 26, transfer Lycomorplia to Litbosiadae.

" 26, NOT vittata Harr. but miniata Kirby.

" 27, change A. xylinoides to xyliniformis.

" 29, add pallens Eur. et U. S. to genus Leucania.

" 29, add typhae U. S. to genus Noiiagria.

" 31, change Marmotiiiia to Marmoriiiia.

" 32, change C. vidua to C. viduata.

" 32, erase genus Claryma and the two species.

" 34, erase ref. to Guenee in E. capit. and petric.

" 37, under Galgllla change partita to subpartita.

" 44, omit Guen. as authority for Pliurys perlata.

" 45, erase genus Marmorinia and species.

" 45, insert Fam. HERMINIDAE under Hypena.

" 46, insert after Ileritiiitia genus Epipasrliia Clemens,
superatalis Clem.— Conn.— Pr. A- N. Soc. Phil. Jan. 1860.

" 47, for magualis read magnalis.

" 50, for Penthina Treitschke read Carpocapsa Treits.

" 62, transfer Doryodes to p. 48.

In all places where Doubleday is cited as authority for species read
Walker.

The edition of Harris's Insects of Mass, quoted is that of 1842.

CATALOGUE

NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

Fam. I. PAPILIONIDAE.

Papilio Linn.

turnus Linn. — Hudson's Bay to Florida. — Linn. Mant. T, 536. Fab. Syst.

Ent. 452, 41. Fab. Spec. 11, 16, 66. Catesby's Ins. of Ga. pi. 97.

Godt. Encyc. IX, 55. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 6, 7. Say's Amer. Ent. Ill,

pi. 40. Boisd. Spec. gen. 338. P. alcidamus Cram. 4, t. 38, A. B.

P. lentilochus Linn.
*/ glaucus Linn. — Middle and South. States (var. ? turnus.) — Linn. Syst.

Nat. II, 746. Fab. Syst. Ent. 445. Cram. pi. 139, f. A. B. Godt.

Encyc. IX, 60. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 8, 9. Boisd. Spec. gen. 335.
troilus Linn.— U. S., Hex., Jam.— Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 746. Fab. Syst.

Ent. 444. Cram. t. 18, 207, f. A. B. C. Drur. t. 11, f. 3—5. Godt.

Encyc. IX, 62, 97. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 10. Boisd. Spec. gen. 334.

P. iloneus Sm. Abb. I, pi. 2. Hiibn. Samml. exot.
philenor Linn.— U. S., Hex.— Linn. Mant. I, 535. Fab. Syst. Ent. 445.

Say's Amer. Ent. pi. 1. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 2, 3. P. astinous Drur. I,

pi. 11, f. 1—4. Cram. 1, 18, t. 208, f. A. B.
asterias Fab.— U. S., Mex.— Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, pi. 1. Cram. 385, G. D.

Godt. Encyc. IX, 58. Drur. I, t. 2. Boisd. Spec. gen. 332. Har-
ris's Ins. Mass. 212. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 4. P. troilus Sm. Ab. I,

pi. 1. P. ajax Clerck. Icon. t. 83. P. polyxenes Fab. Syst. Ent. 444.
thoas Linn. — Southern States, Mex., Jam. — Linn. Mant. I, 536. Fab.

Syst. Ent. 454. Cram. 19, t. 38. Drur. I, pi. 22. Godt. Encyc. IX,

62. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 12. Boisd. Spec. gen. 355. P. cresphontes

var. Cram. 165, f. A. B.
I/ calchas Fab.— South. States.— Fab. Syst. Ent. 453. Drur. I, t. 19. Godt.

Encyc. IX, 59. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 5. Boisd. Spec. gen. 337. P.

palamedes Cram. 8, t. 93, A. B.
1

r>v6

2 PAPILIONIDAE.

tajax Linn.— South. States.— Linn. Syst. Nat. 750, 32. Fab. Syst. Ent.
455. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 4. Beauv. IV, pi. 11, 70. Godt. Encyc. IX,

53. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 1. Boisd. Spec. gen. 258. P. marcellus

Cram. t. 98, G. H.
marcellus Cram. — South and West. — Cram. 98, F. G. Godt. Encyc. IX,

53. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 2. Boisd. Spec. gen. 257.
sinon Fab.— Florida, Jam., Cuba. — Fab. Syst. Ent. 452. Cram. 27, t. 317.

Boisd. et Lee. pi. 3. Godt. Encyc. IX, 53. Boisd. Spec. gen. 261.

P. protesilaus Drur. 3, pi. 22, f. 3, 4.
antilochus Linn. Syst. Nat. 11, 751, 35. Fab. Syst. Ent. 451. Catesby

II, pi. 83. Boisd. Spec. gen. 340. (Boisduval thinks that P. anti-
lochus is P. turnus, with artificial tails. It has been seen by no one

since Linne and Catesby.)
Villiersii Boisd. et Lee. — Flor., Cub. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 14. P. devilliers

Godt. Encyc. IX, Suppl. 810. Boisd. Sp. gen. I, 325.
rutulus Lucas. — California. — Lucas, Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 279.
eurymedon Lucas. — California. — Lucas, Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 280.
zolicaon Lucas. — California. — Lucas, Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 281.
celadon Lucas. — N. Am. — Lucas in Guer. Rev. Zool. 1852, 130.
arcesilaus Lucas. — N. Am. — Lucas in Guer. Rev. Zool. 1852, 131.
i polydamus Linn. — Flor., Cuba, Braz. — Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 747. Fab.

Syst. Ent. I, 457. Cram. 211. Drur. I, pi. 17. Godt. Encyc. IX,

39. Herbst. 1. 10. Seba, Mus. 4, t. 39. Merian, 31. Boisd. Spec.

gen. 321. Boisd. et Lee. 38, pi. 15.

machaon Linn. — Calif., Eur., Kamtschatk. — (All European authors.)
garamas Hiibn. — Mex. — Hiibn. Samml. exot.

acamas Fab.— Jam.— Fab. Syst. Ent.- Ill, 1, 8. Boisd. Sp. gen. I, 360.
oxynius Doubled. — Cuba. — Doubled, augustus Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 358.
aristodemus Esper. — Mex. — Esper, Ausl. Sehmett. t. 56, f. 2. temenes

Godt. Encyc. IX, 63.

philolaus Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 251.
agesilaus Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. 263.
thymbraeus Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. 303.
phaon Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. 319.
aristcr Godt.— Mex.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 60.
pilumnus Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. 341.
daunus Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. 342.

photenus Doubled. — Mex. — Ann. Nat. Hist, new ser. XIV, 415 (1845).
caiguanabus Poey. — Cuba. — Poey, Hist. Nat. 1, pi. 15.
thersites Fab.— Jam.— Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 30. C. B. M. (Pt. 1, 1852.)
cebatus Doubled.— Mex.— C. B. M. (Pt. 1, 1852.)
homerus Fab. — Mex. ? — Fab. Ent. Syst. 111. Donov. Repos. pi. 20.

Esper, exot. t. 45. Godt. Encyc. IX, Suppl. 811. Boisd. Spec.

gen. 345.

cincinnatus Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. 346 ; asclepius Hiibn.
Marchandii Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. 350.
montezuma Westw. — Mex. — Westw. Arc. ent. 2, 18, f. 3.
mezentius Doubled. — Mex. — Doubled. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844.

PAPILIONIDAE.

pelaeus Fab. — Jam. — Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 5. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 366.

Westw. Arc. ent. t. 18. P. augeas Menetries. Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc.

N. S. Ill, 10.
marcellinus Doubled. — Jam. — C. B. M. 8 (1845.) protesilaus Drur. I, t.

22, f. 1, 2.

epidaus Doubled.— Hex.— Doubled, and Hew. t. 3, f. 1 (1846.)
palnus Fab.— Jam.— Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 5. C. B. M. pt. 1, 1852, 40.
iphidamas Doubled.— Hex.— C. B. M. pt. 1, 1852, 44.
pavores Doubled.— Hex.— C. B. M. pt. 1, 1852, 44.
aeonophas Doubled. — Mex. — C. B. M. pt. 1, 1852, 65.
ulopas Doubled.— Mex.— C. B. M. pt. 1, 1852, 69.

Parnassius Latr.

smintheus Doubled. — Rocky Mtns. — Doubled, and Hewit. Gen. diurn.

pi. 4, f. 1.

clarius Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 283.
nomion Fisch. — Calif., Siberia. — Fischer Entomograph. de la Russie II,

242, tab. 6. Boisd. Spec. gen. 397.
clodius Menetr. — Calif. — Menetries in Voyage de M. Wosnesenski.

Euterpe Swains.

charops Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 407,
nimbice Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 409.

Leptalis Dalm. Licinia Swains.

jethrys Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 423.

cydno Doubled. — Mex. — Doubled. Gray's Zool. Mus. 75. Pieris nehemia

Boisd. Spec. gen. 528.

antherize Hewits. — Mex. — Hewits. exot. pt. 27.
euryope Hewits. — Mex. — Hewits. exot. pt. 27.

Pieris Schr. Latr. Pont ia Fab. Ochs. Horsf.

monusta Godt.— Ga. to Brazil.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 141. Linn. Syst. Nat.

II, 760. Fab. Syst. But. Ill, 1, 189. Cram. 151. F. var. orseis

Godt. Encyc. 141. Hiibn. Samml. exot. var. cleomes Boisd. et

Lee. pi. 16.
casta Kirby.— Nortb. St.— Kirby Faun. Bor. IV, 288. cruciferarum Boisd.

Spec. gen. I, 519.

protodice Boisd.— U. S. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 543. Boisd. et Leo. pi. 17.
oleracea Harr. — North. St. — Har. Ins. Mass. 214. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 518.
sisymbrix Boisd. — California. — Ann. Ent. Soc. 2me Ser. X, 284.
leucodice Boisd. — California. — Ann. Ent. Soc. 2me Ser. X, 284.
Viardi Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 439.
lycimnia Godt. — Mex. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 144. Cram. 105.
helvia Godt.— Mex.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 145.
isandra Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 490.
elodia Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 529.
josephina Godt.— Mex.— Encyc. IX, 158. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 532.

4 PAPILIONIDAE.

autodice Hiibn. — California, Chili. — Hiibn. Samml. exot. Boisd. Spec.

gen. 539.
marana Doubled. — W. Ind. — Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844.

(P. chloroyrapha, figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 17, must be omitted,

Boisd. in Spec. gen. I, 432, states that he was misled by Hiibn., and

that the species is from Java.)
menapia Felder. — Utah. — Feld. in Wiener Entom. Monatschrift III, No.

9,271.

Antliocaris Boisd. Dup. Pieris Latr. Pontia Ochs.

X genutia Fab.— N. Am.— Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 193. Godt. Encyc. IX, 168.

Hiibn. Samml. exot. Fern. Lherminieri Godt. Eucyc. IX, 164.
creusa Doubled. — Rocky Mts. — Doubled, and Hew. pi. 7, f. 1.
lanceolata Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 284.
sara Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 285.
ausonia Hiibn. — California — Hiibn. Europ. Schmett. fig. 582.

Nathalis Boisd.
jole Boisd. — Mex., Texas. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 589.

Rliodocera Boisd. Dup. Goiiiopteryx Leach. Colias Latr.

maerula Fab.— Flor., Jam.— Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 212. Godt. Encyc. IX, 89.

Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 600. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 23. eclipsis Cram. 129,

A. B. Hbst. t. 103.

lyside Godt.— South. St.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 98. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 603.
lorquini Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. torn. Ill, 3me Ser. XXXII.
rhamni Boisd. — California and Eur. — Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 286.
eurytheme Boisd. — Mex. — Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 286.
Lacordairei Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 600.
gueneeana Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 601.

CaSIidryas Boisd.

"f eubule Linn.— South. St.— Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 764. Cram. 120. mar-
cellina Cram. 163. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 24. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 613.
eubule et marcellina Godt. IX, 92. Fab. E. S. I, 477. Hbst. pi. 110.

marcellina Fab.— South. St. (an mas Eubule ?)— Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 209.
eubule Sm. Abb. I, pi. 5. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 615. Boisd. et Lee.
pi. 24.

drya Fab.— W. Ind.— Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 659. Godt. Encyc. 92. Boisd.
Spec. gen. I, 616. Menetries Nov. Mem. Soc. Moscow, t. Ill, 118.

thalestris Boisd. — Cuba. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 621.

evadne Godt. — Cuba. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 98. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 628.
alcmeone Cram. 141 E. statira Swains. Zool. 111. pi. 5.

neleis Boisd. — Cuba. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 129.

orbis Boisd. — Cuba. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 830.

philea Godt.— St. Dom.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 91. Linn. Syst. N. II, 764.
Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 212. Cram. 173. Female lolia Encyc. IX, 94.
aricia Encyc. IX, 91. melanippe Cram. 34. Boisd. Sp. gen. 619.

PAPILIONIDAE.

Fab. Godt. Latr. Ochs.

Jf caesonia Godt. — South. St. — Godt. Eiicyc. IX, 98. Stoll, Suppl. Cram.

pi. 41. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 635. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 20. philippa?

Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 211.
Wosiiesenski Menetries. — Calif. — Men. Voyage de M. Wosnesenski.

Catal. of the Petersburg Irnper. Acad. Sciences, 77.
hyale Linn. — Calif., Siberia. — Boisd. Spec. gen. 650. palaeno Fisch.

Entom. de la Russie, pi 11.
edusa Fab.— N. Am., Eur.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 103. Boisd. Spec. gen. I,

638. Boisd. et Lee. 59.
chrysotheme Godt.— South. St.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 103. Hiibu. Pap.

426—8. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 643, pi. 2, B. f. 5. Boisd. et Lee. 62.
yt philodice Godt. — N. Am. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 100. Boisd. Spec. gen. I,

647. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 21. anthyule Hiibu. Zutr. 307. Swains

Zool. Illustr. 1st Ser. pi. 60.

amphidusa Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2uie Ser. X, 286.
eurydice Boisd. — California. — Arm. Soc. cut. torn. Ill, 3me Ser. XXXII.
Boothii Curt. — Arc. Am. — Ross's Second Voyage.
phicomene Godt. — Hudson's Bay. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 100. Boisd. Spec.

gen. I, 649.
pelidne Boisd. — Labrador. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 644. Boisd. et Lee. 66,

pi. 21.
nastes Boisd. — Labrador. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 648.

Terias Swains. Xaiitlilclia Boisd. Olim. Pieris et Colias

Latr. Godt.

nicippe Godt.— South. St.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 103. Cram. 210. Fab. E.

S. Ill, 1, 208. Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 653. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 20. Say's

Anier. Ent. II, pi. 30.
lisa Boisd. — N. Am. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 661, pi. 2, A. f. 5. Boisd. et

Lee. pi. 19.
delia Cram. — South. St. — Cram. 273, A. Boisd. Spec. gen. I. 663. Boisd.

et Lee. pi. 18. daira Godt. Eucyc. IX, 137.

jucunda Boisd. — N. Am. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 665. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 19.
hyona Boisd. — St. Dorn. — Boisd. Sp. gen. 667. Menetries Nouv. Mem.

Soc. AIosc. Ill, t. 11.

dina Boisd. — Cuba. — Boisd. Sp. gen. 666.
Westwoodii Boisd. — Mex.— Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 666.
since Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 683.
thymetus Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 662.
midea Boisd. — Cuba. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 659.
elathea Boisd. — Jam. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 664.
stigmula Boisd.— Cuba.— Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 661.
-,< proterpia Boisd.— Jam. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 654.

vemista Boisd.— Jam.— Boisd. Spec. gen. I, 658.
pmexicana Boisd. — Mex.— Boisd. Spec. gen. pi. 19, 679.
agarithe Boisd.— Mex.— Boisd. Spec. gen. 623.

6 NYMPHALIDAE.

Fam. DANAIDAE.

Damnis Boisd.
berenice Cram. — South. — Cram. t. 205. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 39. D. erip-

pus Godt. Encyc. IX, 186. gilippus Sm. Abb. I, pi. 7.

X archippus Fab.— U. S., Mex., Braz. — Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 49. Sm.
Abb. I, pi. 6. Catesby II, pi. 88. Boisd. et Lee. 137, pi. 40. plex-
ippus Cram. Ill, 24, pi. 206. Say Am. Ent. pi. 54. erippus Cram.
pi. 3.

cleothera Godt. — Jam. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 185. Doubled, and Hew. t. 12.
cleophile Godt. — Jam. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 185. Doubled, and Hew. t. 12.

Fam. NYMPHALIDAE.

Heliconia Fab.

charitonia Linn. — South. States. — Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 757. Godt. Encyc.

IX, 210. Boisd. et Lee. 140, pi. 41.
diaphona Drur. — Jam. — Drur. (Westw.) II, pi. 7.
zuleika Hewits. — Nicaragua. — Hewits. Exot. I, pi. 8.
diaphanus Hewits. — Jam. — Hewit. Exot. I.
tolosa Hewit. — Mex. — Hewit. Exot. I.
derasa Hewit. — Nicaragua. — Hewit. Exot. I.
Virginia Hewit. — Mex. — Hewit. Exot. I.
morgane Hewit. — Mex. — Hewit. Exot. I.

Itliomia Doubled.

patilla Hewits. — Mex. — Hewits. Exot. I.
leila Hewits. — Mex. — Hewits. Exot. I.
nero Hewits. — Mex. — Hewits. Exot. I.
zea Hewits. — Mex. — Hewits. Exot. I.

Eresia Doubled.
phyllira Hewits. — Mex.— Hewits. I, pi. 30.

Slderone Doubled.
syntyche Hewits. — Mex. — Hewits. Exot. pi. 55.

Papbia Doubled.
electra Hewits. — Mex.— Hewits. Exot. pi. 46.

Syncbloe Boisd.

lacinia Geyer. — Mex. — Geyer in Hiibn. Zutrag. f. 899.

janais Drur. — Mex. — Drur. Ill, t. 17, f. 5. Godt. Encyc. IX, 392.

hippodrome Geyer. — Mex. — Geyer f. 863.

marina Geyer. — Mex. — Geyer f. 877.

NYMPIIALIDAE.

Agraulis Boisd.

-f-vanillae Linn.— South. States.— Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 787. Cram. t. 212.
Boisd. et Lee. pi. 42. passiflorae Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1. Sm. Abb.
I, pi. 12.
delila Fab.— Jam.— Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 57. Godt. Encyc. IX, 244.

cillene Cram. t. 215.
julia Fab.— Jam.— Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 180. Godt. Encyc. IX, 244.

Hiibn. Samml. exot. alcionea Cram. t. 215.
moneta Boisd. — Mex. — Boisd. Spec. gen. I, t. 210.

Argjnnis Fab.

x idalia Fab.— U. S.— Fab. Ent. emend. Ill, 145. Drur. 4, t. 13. Cram. 4,

t. 44. Herbst, IX, 166, t. 252—3. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 43.
diana Cram.— South. St.— Cram. II, 4, pi. 98. Fab. Syst. emend. Ill, 145.

Herbst. IX, 169, pi. 253. Godt. Encyc. IX, pi. 35. Say's Amer.

Eut. I, pi. 17. Boisd. et Lee. 149.
y. cybele Godt.— U. S.— Godt. Encyc. IX. 263. Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 289.

Boisd. et Lee. pi. 45. daphnis Cram. 5, pi. 57. Herbst, IX, 176,

pi. 225.
'*• columbina Boisd. et Lee. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 44. hegesia Cr. pi.

209. claudin Cr. t. 69, f. E. F.
/ myrina Cram.— U. S.— C.-am. 16, pi. 189, B. C. Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 290.

Say's Amer. Ent. V, 3, pi. 46. myrissa Godt. Encyc. IX, 268. Boisd.

et Lee. 155, pi. 45. Fab. Syst. ernen. Ill, 145. Herbst, IX, 178,

pi. 255.
-^ bellona Godt.— U. S.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 271, 33. Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1,

254. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 45.
aphrodite Godt.— North. States.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 264. Fab. Syst. Ent.

Ill, 1, 144. Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 290.
astarte Doubled. — N. Amer. — Doubled, and Hew. t. 23. f. 5. (Supposed

by them at first to be a Melitaea.)
ashtaroth Fisher. — New Jersey. — Fisher. Proceed. A. N. Soc. Phila.

1859.

calippe Boisd.— California. — Boisd. Ann. Ent. Soc. X, 2me Ser. 302.
zerene Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Ent. Soc. X, 2me Ser. 302.
aglaja Linn. — Calif., Europe. — (All European authors.)
egleis Boisd. — Calif. — Boisduval — ?
adiaste Boisd. — Calif. — Boisduval — ?
ossianus Boisd. et Lee. — Labrador. — Boisd. et Lee. 157. trichlaris Hiibn.

exot. aphirope Hiibn. Eur. Schm. f. 734, 5.
polaris Boisd. et Lee. — Labrador. — Boisd. et Lee. 159.
chariclea Godt.— Labrador. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 273. Boisd. et Lee. 161.
freya Godt.— Arc. Amer.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 273. Kirb. Faun. Bor. 391.
pantherata Martyn. — Hayti. — Martyn, Psyche 1. 14. briarea Godt. Encyc.

IX, 261.

euryale Doubled. — Mex. — Doubled, and Hew. t. 23.
briarea Godt..— St. Dom.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 261, 16.

''''

-i-i.

8 NYMPHALIDAE.

Melitaea Fab.

^ phaeton Cram.— Mid. States.— Cram. Ins. 17, 1. 193. Fab. Syst. Eut. 481.
Hbst. VI, 111, t. 142, f. 3, 4. Drur. I, pi. 21, f. 3, 4. Boisd. et Lee.
pi. 47.

ismeria Boisd. et Lee. — South. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 46.
^-tharos Cram. — U. S. — tharossa Godt. Encyc. IX, 289. Drur. I, pi. 21.

Hbst. IX, pi. 203, f. 4, 5. Boisd. et Lee. 170, pi. 47, f. 3.
, nycteis Doubled. — Mid. States. — Doubled, and Hew. pi. 23.
aiiicia Doubled. — Rocky Mtns. — Doubled, and Hew. pi. 23.
proclea Doubled. — Rocky Mtns. — Doubled, and Hew. pi. 23.
chalcedon Doubled. — California. — Doubled, and Hew. pi. 23.
editha Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Eut. Soc. X, 2me Ser. 305.
palla Boisd.— California.— Boisd. Ann. Ent. Soc. X, 2me Ser. 305.
pelops Drur. — Jam. — Drur. I, pi. 19.

Grapta Doubled. Vanessa Fab.

f- interrcgationis Godt.— U. S.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 301. F. Syst. Ent. Ill,
1, 78. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 51. Harr. Ins. Mass. 219. C-aureum
Cram. t. 19. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 11.

-f comma Harris. — North. St.— Harris Ins. Mass. 221.

Vanessa F.

J( J-album Boisd. et Lee. — North. States. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 50.
^ Milberti Encyc.— North. St.— Encyc. IX, 307. Doubled, and Hew. 26.

Boisd. et. Lee. pi. 50. furcillata Say's Amer. Ent. II, 27.
.f- progne Cram. — North. St. — Cram. t. 85. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 50. Harr. Ins.

Mass. 221. C-argenteum Kirby Faun. Bor. pi. 3.

antiopa Linn. — Hudson's Bay to Mex., Eur., Asia. — Linn. Syst. II, 776.
Encyc. IX, 308. Kirby Faun. Bor. IV, 294. Boisd. et Lee. 173.
Harr. Ins. Mass. 218.

californica Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Ent. Soc. X, 2ine Ser. 306.
Lintneri Fitch.— N. York.— Fitch's Fifth Report.

Pyrameis Hubner.

-/. atalanta Linn.— U. S.— Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 779. Encyc. IX, 319. Hiibn.

Pap. t. 15. Boisd. et Lee. 175.
v cardui Linn. — (Four quarters of the globe.) — Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 776.

Encyc. IX, 323. Boisd. et Lee. 178. carduelis Cram. t. 26.
•f- huntera Sm. — South. St. — Sm. Abb. I, pi. 9. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 48. vir-

giniensis Drury I, pi. 5. iole Cram. Schmett. t. 12.
-f- carye Hiibn. — Calif., Braz. — Hiibn. Samml. exot.

Hubner.

coenia Boisd. et Lee. — South. St. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 49. orythia Sm. Abb.
I, pi. 8. iunonia Hiibn. ,

NYMPHALIDAE.

lethe Fab.— Hex.— Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 80. Godt. Encyc. IX, 818.
steneles Linn. — Jam. — Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 750. Clerck, Icon. t. 35.

Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 85. Godt. Encyc. IX, 378.
epaphus Godt. — Mex. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 299. Latr. in Humb. et Boupl.

t. 35.
Chiron Fab.— Mex.— Fab. Syst. But. Ill, 1, 20. Godt. Encyc. IX, 359.

marius Cram. t. 200.

Aliarfia Hiibner.

4" iatrophaeHubn.— W. Ind. — Hiibn. Verzeich. bek. Schmett. (1816.) Linn.

Syst. Nat. II, 779, n. 172. Fab. Syst. But. Ill, 1, 98. Cram. t. 209,

var. Godt. Encyc. IX, 297.
lytraea Godt. — Jam. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 299. clmjsopclia Hiibn. Zutr.

f. 547.
amathea Doubled. — Mex. — Doubled, and Hew. t. 24, var. Godt. Encyc.

IX, 298.

Nymplialis Latr. Umeniiiis Fab.

# Ursula Fab.— Mid. and South. St. —Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 82. Sm. Abb.

I, pi. 10. ephestion Godt. Encyc. IX, 42. astyanax Fab. Mant.

II, 4, 29.

arthemis Drur. — North. St. — Drur. II, pi. 10. Say's Ainer. Ent. II, pi.

23. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 54.
X disippus Godt.— U. S.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 392. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 55.

misippus Fab. Syst. Ent. 481. archippus Cram. pi. 16.
Lorquini Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Ent. Soc. X, 2me Ser. 301.
glycerium Doubled. — Far West. — Doubleday and Hewits. pi. 50.
cadmus Cram. — South. St. — Cram. Pap. t. 22.
acherontia Fab.— New York? to Braz. — Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 76.
pherecides Cram. — South. St. — Cram. Pap. t. 330.
eulalia Doubled. — Mex. — Doubled, and Hew. pi. 36. cadmus Cram.

Eresiii Boisd.

ezorias Hewits.— Mex.— Hewits. exot. pt. 24.

1 ""

Morplieis Hiibner.
Ehrenbergii Doubled. — Mex. — Doubled. Gen. diurn. pi. 43, f. 1.

A pat ura Fab.

clyton Boisd. et Lee.— South. St. — Boisd. et Lee. 209, pi. 56.
celtis Boisd. et Lee.— South. St.— Boisd. et Lee. 210, pi. 57.

Aganistiios Boisd.

-/ orion Boisd. et Lee.— South. St.— Boisd. et Lee. 195, pi. 52. odius Fab.
Syst. But. 457. danae Cram. pi. 84, A. B.

10 SATYRIDAE.

Fam. SATYRIDAE.

Clifonobas Boisd.

balder Boisd. et Lee. — Labrador. — Boisd. et Lee. 216.

bootes Boisd. et Lee. — Labr. — Boisd. et Lee. 218.

oeno Boisd. et Lee. — Labr. — Boisd. et Lee. 220. taygeta var. Hub.

also Boisd. et Lee. — New Hampshire. — Boisd. et Lee. 222.

Hiibner.
eurythris Fab.— U. S.— F. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 137. Godt. Encyc. IX, 494.

Boisd. et Lee. pi. 61. cymela Cr. t. 132.
sosybius Fab.— South. St.— F. Ent. Syst. Ill, 219. Godt. Encyc. IX, 495.

Boisd. et Lee. pi. 63. camerta Cr. t. 293.
areolatus Godt.— U. S.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 494. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 13. Boisd.

et Lee. pi. 63.
gemma Hiibn. — U. S. — Hiibn. Samml. exot. pi. 2, f. 7, 8. Boisd. et Lee.

pi. 62.
canthus Linn.— North. St.— Linn. Syst. Nat. 768, 129. Godt. Encyc. IX,

493. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 60. eurydice Linn. Amoen. Acad. 6, 406.
acmenis Hiibu. — Baltimore. — Hiibn. Zutr. f. 233, 4.
polixenes Fab. — U. S.— Fab. Ent. Syst. emend. Ill, 152.
cantheus Fab.— U. S.— Fab. Syst. Ent. 486. Spec. torn. II, 31. Godt.

Encyc. Meth. IX, 493.

Yptllima Hiibner.
philomela Hiibn. — U. S. — Hiibner. fig. 83.

Erebia Dalman.

discoidalis Kirby.— North. St.— Kirby Faun. Bor. IV, 298.
^ nephele Kirby. — North. St. — Kirby Faun. Bor. IV, 299.
Rossii Curtis. — North. St. — Curtis, Ross's Arc. Voy.
maucinus Doubled. — North. St. — Doubled, and Hew. pi. 64.
vesagus Doubled. — Rocky Mtus. — Doubled, and Hew. pi. 64.

Satyrus Fab.

<£ alope Fab.— U. S.— Fab. E. S. Ill, 229. Encyc. IX, 524. Boisd. et Lee.

pi. 59, 228.

ariana Boisd.— Cal.— Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. X, 2me Ser. 308.
sthenele Boisd.— Cal.— Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 308.
pegala Fab.— N. Am.— Fab. Syst. Ent. 494, III, pt. 1, 230, an var. alope ?

Debts Doubled.

•V portlandia Fab.— North. St.— Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 103. Boisd. et Lee.
pi. 58, 226. andromacha Hiibn. Say's Amer. Ent. II, pi. 36.

LIBYTHEIDAE — LYCAENIDAE. 1 1

Coenonyniplia Hiibn.

califoruica Doubled. — California. — Doubled. Gen. pi. 66.
galactina Boisd. — Cal. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. 309.
semidea Say.— U. S.— Say's Amer. Ent. Ill, pi. 50.

Calisto Hiibner.

zangis Fab.— Carolina.— Fab. Syst. Ent. 486, III, pt. 1, 218. Herbst, Pap.

t. 203. Godt. Encyc. IX, 525. Doubled, and Hew. pi. 66, f. 5.
hyssius Godt.— N. Am. ?— Godt. Encyc. IX. 525, n. 131.

Fam. LIBYTHEIDAE.

Libytliea Fab.

motya Boisd. et Lee. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 64.

Bachmani Kirtland. — Ohio. — Kirt. Silliman's Journ. XIII, new ser. 336.

Fam. LYCAENIDAE.

TBiecla F. Polyommatus Latr. I>ycaena Ochs.

halesus Fab.— South. St.— Fab. Syst. emend. Ill, 273. Fab. Mant. II,

67. Cram. Ins. 9, t. 98. Hbst. X, 322, t. 295. Boisd. et Lee. 83,

pi. 25. dolichos Hiibn. Zutr. f. 219.

M-album Boisd. et Lee. — Georgia. — Boisd. et Lee. 86, pi. 26.
psyche Boisd. et Lee. — Georgia. — Boisd. et Lee. 88, pi. 27. (An var. M-

album ? Boisd.)
hyperici Boisd. et Lee. — Ga., Flor. — Boisd. et Lee. 90, pi. 28. (An var.

favonius ?)
-i. falacer Godt.— U. S.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 633. Boisd. et Lee. 92, pi. 29.

calanus Hiibn. Exot.
favonius Godt.— U. S.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 635. Boisd. et Lee. 95, pi. 30.

Sm. Abb. I, pi. 14. melinus ? Hiibn. f. 121, 22.
liparops Boisd. et Lee. — Ga. — Boisd. et Lee. 99, pi. 31. favonius? Sm.

Abb.

irus Godt.— Ga.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 674. Boisd. et Lee. 101, pi. 31.
arsace Boisd. et Lee. — South. St. — Boisd. et Lee. 103, pi. 32.
niphon Boisd. et Lee. — Ga., Flor. — Boisd. et Lee. 103, pi. 33.
. smilacis Boisd. et Lee. — Ga.— Boisd. et Lee. pi. 33. damon Cram. t. 390.
mopsus Boisd. et Lee. — Car., Ga. — Boisd. et Lee. 109, pi. 34.
poeas Hiibn.— South. St. — Boisd. et Lee. Ill, pi. 35. beon Godt.
acis Drur. — South. St. — Drur. I, pi. 1. ixion Fab.
iroides Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 289.
eryphon Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soe. ent. X, 2me Ser. 289.
dumetorum Boisd. — California.— Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 291,

12 LYCAENIDAE.

augustus Kirb.— North. St.— Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 298.
grunus Boiscl. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 289.
sylvinus Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 287.
auretorum Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2rue Ser. X, 287.
saepium Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 287.
damastus. Godt. — Va. — Encyc. IX, 640. damon Grain. 390.
nipha Hiibn. f, 203, 4. N. Anaer.
balliston Hiibn. f. 229. N. Amer.
acmenis Hiibn. f. 223. N. Amer.

lygdamus Doubled. — Hudson's Bay. — Doubled. Entomol. 209.
pan Drur. — Jam. — Drur. (Westw.) II, pi. 23.

Argus Geoffr.

filenus Poey. — U. S. — Poey, Cent. Boisd. et Lee. 114, pi. 35. ubaldus
Godt. Encyc. IX, 689. pseudoptiletes Boisd. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 35.
^- pseudargiolus Boisd. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. 118, pi. 36.

Poly GUI matus Latr. I,ycaena Fab. Argus Geoffr.

^ comyntas Godt.— U. S.— Encyc. IX, 660. Boisd. et Lee. 120, pi. 36.
>o phleas Godt.— U. S., Africa.— Godt. Encyc. IX, 670. Linn. Syst. Nat. II,

793. Hiibn. Pap. t. 72, f. 362.

V thoe Boisd. et Lee.— Mid. States.— Boisd. et Lee. 125, pi. 38.
epixanthe Boisd. et Lee. — West. St.— Boisd. et Lee. 127, pi. 38.
crataegi Boisd. et Lee. — Ga. — Boisd. et Lee. 128, pi. 37. tarquinius Fab.

Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 319. Godt. Encyc. 580.

hypophleas Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 293.
helloides Boisd.— California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2uae Ser. X, 292.
gorgon Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 292.
xanthoides Boisd.— California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2rne Ser. X, 292.
arota Boisd. — California.— Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me -Ser. X, 293.
amyntula Boisd.— California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent, 2me Ser. X, 294.
exilis Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 295.
actaegon Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 295.
xerces Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2rne Ser. X, 296.
saepiolus Boisd.— California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2nie Ser. X, 297.
icarioides Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 297.
pheres Boisd.— California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 297.
heteronea Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. eut. 2me Ser. X, 298.
enoptes Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 298.
piasus Boisd. — California.— Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 299.
antiacis Boisd. — California. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2rne Ser. X, 300.
acmou Doubled.— U. S.— Doubled, and Hew. pi. 76.
antibubastus Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. 19, f. 99.
dorcas Kirb.— North. St.— Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 299.
lucia Kirb.— North. St.— Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 299.
lysippus Linn. — Jam. — Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 793. Cram. pi. 380. Fab.

Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 321. Godt. Eucyc. IX, 566. Drury (Westw.) I,

4, pi. 2, f. 2.

ERYCINIDAE — HESPERIDAE. 1 3

Fam. ERYCINIDAE.

Lcmonias 111.
mormo Felder.— Utah.— Feld. Wiener Ent. Monatschrift III, No. 9, 271.

Nympliidia Fab.

pumila Boisd. et Lee. — Ga., Flor. — Boisd. et Lee. 131, pi. 37. cernes Linn.
Syst. Nat. XX, 11, 706.

Fam. HESPERIDAE.

Doubled, and Hew.

A tityrus Sin. — N. Am. — Sm. Abb. I, pi. 19. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 72. Harr.

Ins. Mass. 223.

yuccae Boisd. et Lee. — Flor. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 70.
olynthus Boisd. et Lee. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 75.
antouinus Latr. — Calif., Braz. — Encyc. Meth. IX, 746.

Nisoniades Hiibn.

•> juvenalis Sm. — U. S. — Sm. Abb. I, pi. 20. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 65.
. catullus Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb.

Herminieri Godt. — Carolina. — Godt. Encyc. IX, 777.
}C brizo Boisd. et Lee. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 66.

Cyclopides Hiibn.

coras Cram. — U. S. — Cram. pi. 31. Encyc. IX, 776. aesculapius F. Syst.
Ent. Ill, 1, 347. otho? Sm. Abb. I, pi. 16. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 77-

Pamphila Fab.

vitellius Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. I, pi. 17.

thaumas Fab.— U. S.— Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, pi. 327.

zabulon Boisd. et Lee. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 76.

origenes Fab. — U. S. — Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, pi. 329. cernes Boisd. et Lee.

accius ? Sm. Abb. I, pi. 23.

arpa Boisd. et Lee. — U. S.— Boisd. et Lee. pi. 68.
bulenta Boisd. et Lee. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 67.
)( brettus Boisd. et Lee. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 75.
pustula Hiibn. — U. S. — Hiibn. Zutriig. f. 625.
Drurii Encyc. — U. S.— Encyc. IX, 767.

numitor Fab.— U. S.— Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 324. puer Hiibn. Zutr. f. 275.
aragos Boisd. et Lee. — California. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 78. tristis Boisd.

Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X.

phyleus Boisd. et Lee. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 78.
Peckii Kirb.— U. S.— Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 300.

EPIALIDAE — COSSIDAE.

fa I '

'Yt

UAX>

leseur Godt.— U. S.— Encyc. YL, 748.
textor Hvibn.— U. S.— Hubn. Zutr. pi. 515.
sanguinea Hubn. — U. S.— Hubn. Zutr. pi. 613.
syrichthus Fab.— U. S.— Fab. Mant. II, 90.
oileus Linn.— U. S. — Linn. Syst. Nat. I, pi. 2, 795.
orcus Cram. — U. S. — Cram. Pap. pi. 334.

lies peri a Latr.

cellus Boisd. et Lee. — U. S. — Boisd. et Lee. pi. 73.

lycidas Encyc.— U. S.— Encyc. IX, 751. Sin. Abb. I, pi. 20. Boisd. et

Lee. pi. 71.

proteus Fab.— U. S.— F. Syst. Ent. Ill, 331. Encyc. IX, 730.
bathyllus Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. I, pi. 22. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 74.
comma Boisd. — Calif. — Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 2rne Ser. X, 313.
sylvanus Boisd. — Calif. — Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 2me Ser. X, 313.
sylvanoides Boisd.— Calif.— Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 2uie Ser. X, 313.
nemorum Boisd. — Calif. — Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 2me Ser. X, 314.
agricola Boisd. — Calif. — Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 2me Ser. X, 314.
pratinicola Boisd. — Calif. — Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 2rne Ser. X, 315.
ruricola Boisd.— Calif.— Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 2me Ser. X, 315.
campestris Boisd. — Calif. — Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 2me Ser. X, 316.
sabuleti Boisd.— Calif.— Ann. Soc. eut. Ill, 2rne Ser. X, 316.
vestris Boisd. — Calif. — Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 2me Ser. X, 317.

Syrfclitlius Boisd.

ruralis Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 311.
caespitalia Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 312.
scriptura Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 313.
ericetorum Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 313.

Castnia Fab.
hesperiaris Walk.— Mex.— Cat. Br. Mus. 1583.

Earn. EPIALIDAE.

EpialUS Fab.

argenteo-maculatus Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Ins. Mass. 295.
Sup. 389. C. B. M. Heter. 1556.

Agassiz Lake

Earn. COSSIDAE.

Cossus Fab.

robiniae Peck. — U. S. — Peck Mass. Agricult. Rep. V, 67. Harr. Ins. Mass.
296. C. B. M. Heteroc. 1514. Fitch, Fifth Report, No. 293.

CONCHILOPODIDAE — PSYCHIDAE — ZYGAENIDAE. 1 5

plagiatus Doubled. — U. S.— C. B. M. Heteroc. 1515.
querciperda Fitch.— N. Y.— Fitch, Fifth Report, No. 294.
populi Doubled.— Hudson's Bay.— C. B. M. Heter. 1115.
Macmurtrei Guer. — U. S. — Icon, du Regne Animal.

Zeuzera Latr.

pyrinua Godt.— N. Am.— Godt. Encyc. VIII, 76. Fab. E. S. 590.
canadensis Herr. Schaef. — Canada. — Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. Ser. I, 168.
Redtenbacbii Hammersch. — Mex. — Hammersch. Naturw. Abhandl. II,
151, pi. 14. C. B. M. Heteroc. 1530.

Fam. CONCHILOPODIDAE.

L,i ii) a codes Latr.

cippus Sin.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. 145, pi. 13. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, 177, pi. 21.
querceti Herr. Schaef. — U. S. — Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. I, f. 174.
quercicola Herr. Schaef. — U. S. — Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. I, f. 175.
^ pithecium Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. 174, pi. 74. Nat. Lib. V, 37, 183,

pi. 21.
spinuloides Herr. Schaef. — U. S. — Herr. Schaef. I, f. 187. C. B.M. Heteroc.

1147.

X fasciola Doubled.— N. Am.— C. B. M. Heteroc. 1147.
taftula Doubled.— N. Am.— C. B. M. Heteroc. 1148.
S panda Doubled.— N. Am.— C. B. M. Heteroc. 1148.
flavula Doubled.— N,ov. Scot.— C. B. M. Heteroc. 1149.

*?u^ /W^

• , t

Fam. PSYCHIDAE.

Perophora Harr.
Melsheimeri Harr.— U. S.— Harr. Ins. Mass. 2d ed. 319.

Fam. ZYGAENIDAE.

Alypia Kirby. Agarisla Latr.

-j-octomaculata Sm.— N. Am.— Sm. Abb. I, 87, pi. 44. Harr. Sphing. 34.
oc<omacM/a/zs Hiibn. Zutr. 22, f. 119. quadriguttalis Hiibn. Ver. 351.
guttata Boisd.— California. — Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 320.
MacCullochii Kirb. — Canada. — Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 301.

Procris Fab. Ino Leach.
Jf americana Harr.— U. S.— Harr. Sphing. Silliman's Journ. XXXVI.

•

1 6 SESIADAE.

Glaiucopis Fab.

ipomaeae Harr. — Ga. — Harr. Sphing. Silliman's Journ. XXXVI, 316.

C. B. M. Heteroc. 1777.

omphale Hiibn. — Flor. — Say's Anier. Ent. II, pi. 19. Harr. Spiling. 317.
JT pholus Drur.— U. S.— Drur. II, pi. 28. Harr. Sphing. 318.
-• semidiaphana Harr. — South. St. — Harr. Sphing. 318. fulvicollis Hiibnr.

exot. I.

epimenis Drur. — U. S. — Drur. Ill, 39. Harr. Sphing.
ferox Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. Heteroc. 223.
americaiia Doubled. — Ga. — C. B. M. Heteroc. 286.
Pertyi Herr. Sch.— Ga.— Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. I, f. 249. C. B. M.

Heteroc. 1609.

dimidiata Herr. Schaef. — Ga. —Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. I, f. 222.
latipeiinis Boisd. — California. — Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 320.
chalciope Hiibn. — Havana. — Hiibn. Samrnl. exot. XXIII, 235, f. 469.
impar Doubled.— Hex.— C. B. M. Heteroc. 169.
tyrrheiie Hiibn. —Jam. — Hubn. Samrnl. exot. XXIII, 242. C. B. M.

f-_-r, - •X-

/venosa Doublea. — Mex. — C. B. M. Heteroc. 284. \ A^.

ruficeps_Dgublud.— Mex.— C. 13. M. Heteroc. 2*4.

pretus Cram. — Jam. — Cram. II, 121. Hiibn. Samml. exot. add.

achemon Fab.— Jam.— Fab. Spec. II, 162. Mant. II, 104. C. B. M.

Heteroc. 277.

dares Cram.— W. Ind.— Cram. I, 76. C. B. M. Heteroc. 277.
fenestrata Cram.— Jam.— Cram. V, 140. Drur. I, 54, pi. 25. C. B. M.

Heteroc. 277.

vulcamis Doubled. — Mex. — C. B. M. Heteroc. 288.
subcyanea Doubled. — Mex. — C. B. M. Heteroc. 230.
lichas Fab.— W. Ind.— Fab. Sp. II, 505. Mant. II, 104. C. B. M.

Heteroc. 211.
bella Doubled.— Mex.— C. B. M. Heteroc. 216.

Faro. SESIADAE.

S&C&fa • /4±6... -' m*
Ts'«clii5Hsm Stoftb. Sesia F. Aegerfa F.

marginatum Harr. — North. St. — Harr. Sphing. 309. Silliman's Journ.

XXXVI, 309.

tibiale Harr.— North. St.— Harr. Sphing. Silliman's Jour. XXXVI, 309.
denudatum Harr. — North. St. — Harr. Sphing. 309. Harr. Ins. Mass. 232.
triciiicta Harr. — North. St. — Har. Sphing. Silliman Journ. XXXVI.
•• cucurbitae Harr. — North. St. — Harr. Sphiug. Harr. Ins. Mass. 232.
caudata Harr. — North. St. — Harr. Sphing.
syringae Harr. — North. St. — Harr. Sphing.

tipuliformis Harr. — North. St. — Harr. Sphing. Harr. Ins. Mass. 234.
fulvipes Harr. — North. St. — Harr. Sphing.
scitula Harr. — North. St. — Harr. Sphing.
pyri Harr. — North. St. — Harr. Sphing. Harr. Ins. Mass. 235.

. ~^Jfc \

SPIIINGIDAE.

-^ exitiosa Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Spiling. Say Amer. ent. II, pi. 19. pepidi-
formis Hiibn. f. 553, 4. Harr. Ins. Mass. 232.

Tliyridopteryx.

ephemeraeformis Steph. — U. S. — Steph. Doubleday, Entomolog. 97.

Tliyris Illig.

'/ maculata Harris. — U. S. — Harris, Sphing. Silliman Journ. XXXVI.
lugubris Boisd. — U. S. — Boisd. Spec. gen. pi. 14.

Urania Fab.

fulgens Doubled. — Mex. — C. B. M. heteroc. 5.

V Boisduvalii Doubled. — Mex. — C. B. M. heteroc. 4. Guer. Reg. an. 82.
fernandinus MacLeay. — Cuba. — MacLeay, Trans. Zool. Soc. I, 180.

Fam. SPHINGIDAE.

[This Family has been elaborately monographed by Dr. B. Clemens, in
vol. IV, New Series, of the Journal Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila. 1859.]

Sesia Fab.

r pelasgus Cram.— U. S.— Cram. Ill, 93, pi. 248. thisbe Fab. . cimbiciformis

Steph. Harr. Sphing. 308. Harr. Ins. Mass. 230.
X diffinis Boisd.— U. S.— Boisd. Spec. gen. pi. 15, f. 2. Harr. Sphing. 308.

Harr. Ins. Mass. 230. fuciformis Sm. Abb. I, 85, pi. 43.
ruficaudis Kirb. — Canada. — Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 303.
satyriniformis Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hiibn. fig. 453.
fusicaudis Walk.— Ga.— Walk. C. B. M. pt. VIII.

Macroglossa Ochs.

flavofasciata Walk.— Hudson's Bay.— Walk. C. B. M. pt. VIII, 87.

tantalus Linn.— South and west.— Fab. Sp. Ins. II, 1531, 1. Cram. I,
107, pi. 68. Clemens, 131. ixion Linn. Syst. Nat. II. 803, 26. zonata
Drury I, 57, pi. 26. titan Cram. II, 73, pi. 142. annulosum Swains.
Ill, pi. 132. balteata Kirtland, Sillim. 13 n. s. 39, 337.

ceculus Cram.— Mex.— Cram. II, 80, pi. 146. Clem. Synop. 132. fas-
datum Swains. Ill, pi. 132.

sagra Poey.— W. Ind.— Poey. Cent. Dec. II. Clem. Synop. 132.

Perigonia Boisd.

lusca Fab.— Mex.— Fab. Sp. Ins. II, 140, 5. stulta Boisd. Herr. Schaeffer,

Samm. exot. ser. 1. Clemens, 138.
subhamata Walk.— Mex.— Walk. C. B. M. pt. VIII, 102. Clem. Synop

138.
glaucescens Walk.— Mex.— Walk. C. B. M. pt. VIII, 103. Clem. Synop.

138.
undata Walk.— Jam.— Walk. C. B. M. pt. VIII, 103. Clem. Synop. 138.

18 SPHINQIDAE.

Enyo Hiibn.

lugubris Drur.— U. S.— Drur. I, 61, pi. 28. Sm. Abb. pi. 30. Hiibn. Zutr.

595, 6. fegens Cram. Ill, pi. 225. Clemens, Synops. 139.
camertus Cram. — Mex. — Cram. Ill, pi. 225. Clem. Synop. 140.

Proserpinus Hiibn. Pterogon Boisd.

inscriptum Harr. — Indiana. — Harr. Sphing. Silliman Journ. XXXVI.

Genus Deidamia Clemens, 137.

gaurae Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. I, 61, pi. 31. Nat. Lib. XXXVI.
Clarkiae Boisd.— California.— Ann. Soc. ent. X, 2me Ser. 318. Clem. 134.

Arctonotus Boisd.
lucidus.— Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. X, 2me Ser. 319. Clemens, 188.

Tliyreus Swainson.

/T Abbotii Swains.— U. S.— Harr. Sphing. 27. Clemens, 135.
X nessus Cram.— U. S.— Harr. Sphing. 28. Cram. II, 9, pi. 107. Clem. 136.
? thetis Drury. — Jam. — Drury (Westw.) I, pi. 26, f. 4. (Zi/gaena thetis.)
Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 391. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. 2393, 115.

Sphinx Linn.

leucophaeta Clem. — Tex. — Clemens, Synop. Jour. Ac. N. S. Phila. 1859

IV, 168.

y cingulata Fab. — Mid., South. St. — Fab. Ent. Syst. emend. Ill, 375. con-
volvuli Sm. Ab. I, pi. 32. Harr. Sphiug. Sillim. Journ. XXXVI.
Drurei Donovan. Clemens, J. Acad. IV, 164.
.'- quinquemaculala Haw. — North. St. — Harr. Sphing. Sillim. Journ.

XXXVI. Clemens, 166. celeus Hiibn.
jf Carolina Linn.— South. St.— Drur. I, 52, pi. 25, f. 1. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 33.

Harr. 249. Clemens, 165.

Jf drupiferarum Sm. Abb.— South. St.— Sm. Abb. 71, pi. 36. Clem. 172.
-f- kalmiae Sm. — South. St. — Sm. Abb. 73, pi. 37. Harr. Sphing. Harr.

Ins. Mass. 230. Clem. 171. nlnvt< r r/o. TfinTjfiirar "ufo Walker.
k gordius Cram.— U. S.— Harr. Sphing! '"Wafr. Ins. Mass? 230. Clem. 173.
•f cinerea Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 230. Harr. Sphing. chersis Hiibn.
Jifsordida Hiibn. — U. S. — Harr. Sphing. emeritus Hiibn. lugens Walk.
V hylaeus Drury. — U. S. — Drury, II, 45, pi. 107. Harr. Sphing. Ins. Mass.
230. priniSm. Abb. dynaeus Hiibn. Dolba hylaeus Walk., Clem. 178.
* plebeia Fab.— U. S.— Harr. Sphing. Silliman's Journ. XXXVI. Clem. 170.
coniferarum Sm. — U. S. — Sm. Abb. 83, pi. 42. Harris Sphing. Silliman's

Journ. XXXVI. Clem. 174.
ello Linn. — South. St. — Harr. Sphing. Silliman's Journ. XXXVI. Clem.

175.

^X chionanthi Sm. — U. S. — Sm. Abb. 1, pi. 34. rustica Cram. Pap. exot. t.
301, f. A. Nat. Libr. XXXVII, 101, pi. 5. Macrosila rustica Clem.
163. ~~X~

brontes Drury. — U. S. — Drury 29, f. 4. Macrosila Ironies Clem. 166.

-r*

SPHINGIDAE. 19

hasdrubal Cram.— W.Ind.— Cram. Ill, 90, pi. 246. Clem. 161, (Macrosila.)
cluentius Cram.— W. Ind.— Cram. I, pi. 78. Clem. 131, (Macrnsila.)
forestanJjfCram. — Hond.— Cram. IV, pi. 394. Clem. 167, (Macrosila.)
obscura Fab.— Mex.— Fab. Spec. II, 142. Fab. Syst. emend. Ill, 361.

Clem. 176, (Anceryx.) stheno Hiibn.

scyron Cram. — W. Ind.— Cram. IV, pi. 301. Clem. 176, (Anceryx.)
guttularis Walk.— St. Dom.— Walk. C. B. M. 227. Clem. 177, (Anceryx.)
oenotrus Cram. — Mex. — Cram. IV, pi. 301. Walk., Clem. (Anceryx.)
caicus Cram. — W. Ind. — Cram. II, pi. 125. Walk., Clem. (Anceryx.)
alope Drur. — Jam. — Drur. (Westw.) I, pi. 27, f. 1. Walk., Clem. (Anceryx.)
antaeus Drur. — Jam. — Drur. (Westw.) II, pi. 25. hydaspes in Fabr.

Cram. pi. 118. iatrophae Fab. JJ. S. Ill, 1, 362. Clem. 162 (Micros.)
luscitiosa Clem. — Wise., N. York. — Clemens, Synopsis, 172.
jasminearum Le Conte — U. S. — Le Coute, Art. Ent. in Ency. Brit. pi. 236.

Clemens, Synop. 173.

PllilampelUS Harris.

X vitis Linn. — South. St.— Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 801. Drur. I, pi. 28. Sm.
Ab. II, 79, pi. 40. Harr. Sphing. Silliman, XXXVI. Nat. Libr.
XXXVII, 104, pi. 7. Clemens, 156.
y- satellitia Linn.— U. S.— Linn. Syst. Nat. 2301. Drur. I, pi. 29. Harr.

Sphing. Clemens, 154. lycaon Cram, pandorus Hiibn.
^. achemon Drur. — U. S. — Drur. II, pi. 29, fig. 1. crantor Hiibn. Sm. Abb.

II, 81, pi. 41. Harr. Sphing. Clemens, 155.
-*• labruscae Merian.— Mex. — Mer. Ins. Sur. pi. 34. Clemens, 156.

Jussieuae Hiibn. — Mex.— Hub. exot. Baud. 1. fasciatus Sulz. pi. 20.
typhon Klug. — Mex.— Klug. Neue Schmett. pi. 3. Clemens, 155.

Pachylia Walk.

inconspicua Walk.— Jam.— Walk. C. B. M. pt. VIII, 190. Clem. 160.
-/- ficus NUirMM — Mex.— Mer. pi. 33. Drvur. II, pi. 26. Walk., Clem. 158.
inornata Clem. — Honduras.— -ficus Cram. IV, pi. 394. Clemens, 159.
resumens Walk.— Honduras.— Walk. C. B. M. pt. VIII, 190. Clem. 159.

Darapsa Walk. Chocrocanipa Dup. Harr. Metopsilas

Dune. Deilepliila Boisd.

•f pampinatrix Sin.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. I, pi. 28. Harr. Sphing. Silliman,
XXXVI. myron Cram. Ill, pi. 247. Darapsa myron Walk., Clem.
146. cnotus Hiibn. Zntr. exot. f. 321.
\f choerilus Cram.— U. S.— Cram. Ill, 247. azaleae Sm. Abb. I, pi. 27

Harr. Sphing.

versicolor Harr.— U. S.— Harr. Sphing. 303. Darapsa versic. Clem. 148.
pholus Cram. — W. Ind.— Cram. I, pi. 87. Clem. 148.
rhodocera Walk.— St. Dora.— Walk. C. B. M. pt. VIII, 184.

Clioerocampa Dup.

A tersa Linn.— South. St.— Linn. Mant. I, 358. Sm. Abb. IT, 75, pi. 38.
Drur. L, pi. 28, fig. 3. Harr. Sphing. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, 99, pi.
5, f. 1. Cram. pi. 397. Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 378. Clem. 150.

• 1 nn c n a» i ->T /-/

20 SPHINGIDAE.

Chiron Drur. — Jam. — Drur. (Westw.) I, pi. 26, f. 3. Clem. 150.
procne Clem. — Calif. — Clemens, Synop. Journ. Ac. N. S. Phila. 1859,151.
versuta Clem.— Mex.— Clem. Syn. Journ. Ac. N. S. Phila. 1859, 152.
falco Walk.— Mex.— Walk. C. B. M. pt. VIII, 132. Clem. 151.
drancus Cram.— W. Ind.— Cram. II, pi. 132. Clem. 151.
nitidula Clem. — Mex. — Clemens, Synop. Journ. Ac. N. S. Phila. 1859, 151.
thalassina Clem. 150.

Ambulyx Boisd.

ganascus Stoll.— Mex.— Cram. V,157,pl.35. Drur. I. 62,pl.2S. Clem. 153.

strigilis Linn.— Jam.— Mant. I, 538. Drury, pi. 28, f. 4. Clem. 152.

•

Deilepliila Ochs.

x lineata Fab.— U. S.— Fab. E. S. Ill, 1,368. Sm. Abb. II, 77, pi. 39. Harr.

Sphing. Silliman's Journ. XXXVI. Haldeman, in Stansb. Exp.

366. daucus Cram. II, 41, pi. 125. Clemens, 143.

Chamaenerii Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Sphing. Agass. Lake Sup. 387, pi. 7,
intermedia Kirb. — Can. — Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 302. D. galii var. Clem.

Pergesa Walk.
thorates Hiibn. — Mex. — Hubn. exot. f. 525. Clemens, 145.

Ceratomia Harr.

1 quadricornis Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Sphing. Clem. 179. amyntor Hiibn.
X repentinus Clem. — U. S. — Clemens, Synops. 180.

Smeriiatlius Latr.

X excaecatus Sm. — U.S. — Sm. Abb. I, pi. 25. Say, Am. Ent. Harr. Sphing.

Silliman's Jonrn. XXXVI. Clemens, 182.

astylus Drur. — U. S. — Drur. I, pi. 26. Harr. Sphing. Clem. 184. io Boisd.
myops Sm. — U. S. — Sm. Abb. I, pi. 26. Harr. Sphing. Clem. 181.

rosacearum Boisd. Spec. gen. pi. 15.
X geminatus Say. — U. S. — Say, Amer. Ent. I, pi. 12, fig. 1, 2. Harr. Sphing.

Clem. 183. Var. ocellatus jamaicensis 1 Drur. Cerisii Kirb. Faun.

Bor. 301.

* juglaudis Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. I, pi. 30. Harr. Sphing. Clem. 185.
X- modestus Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Sphing. Agass. Lake Sup. 388. Clem. 183.
V opthalmicus Boisd. — Calif. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. torn. Ill, 3d ser. xxxii.

Daremma Walk.
undulosa Walk.— Can.— Walker, 231. Clemens, 186.

Oeiiosanda Walk,
noctuifortnis Walk.— St. Dorn.— Walker, 232. Clemens, 187.

Ellema Clem.
/. Harrisii Clem. — U. S. coniferarum Harr. 297. Clemens, 188.

SATURNIADAE. 21

Fam.. SATURNIADAE.

S at U I'll fa Sclir. Attacus Hiibn.

^ luna Drur.— U. S.— Drur. Ill, pi. 24. Sm. Abb. I, 95, pi. 48. Linn. Syst.

Nat. 1, 2, 810. Harr. Ins. Mass. 277.

X promethea Drur. — U. S.— Drur. I, pi. 11. Sm. Abb. I. 91, pi. 4. Harr.
Ins. Mass. 281. Cram. I, 118, pi. 75. Beauv. pi. 21. Fab. Ent.'
Syst. 558—7.
f- cecropia Linn. — U. S. — Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 809. Sm. Abb. I, 89, pi. 45.

Harr. Ins. Mass. 279. Peale Lep.
/ polyphemus Fab.— U. S.— Fab. Spec. Ins. II, 168. Sm. Abb. I, 93, pi.

47. Harris, Ins. Mass. 279. Peale Lep.
angulifera Cat.— U. S.— Cat. Br. Mus. Heteroc. 1224.
euryalus Boisd. — N. Am. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Ill, 2me Ser. xxxn.
calleta Westw.— Mex.— Westw. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2d Ser. XV, 279.
lavendra Westw.— Mex.— Westw. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2d Ser. XV, 1274.
Orizaba Westw.— Mex.— Westw. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2d Ser. XV, 294. C. B.

M. 1203.

jorula Westw.— Mex.— Westw. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2d Ser. XV, 298. C. B.
speculifer Doubled.— Mex.— C. B. M. 1206. [M. 1202.

Aglia Ochs. Saturnia Schr.

•f io Fab.— U. S.— Fab. Sm. Abb. I, 97, pi. 49. Ins. Mass. 284. Nat. Lib.

XXXVII, 156, pi. 16.
-j- maia Drur.— U. S.— Drur. II, pi. 24. Sm. Abb. 90, pi. 50. Godt. Encyc.

V, 37. Harris, Ins. Mass. 285. proserpina Fab. E. S. 561. Nat.

Lib. XXXVII, 154, pi. 16.
hera Harris.— U. S. — Ins. Mass. 286.

?paphia Fab.— U. S.— Fab. Ent. Syst. 557. Godt. Encyc. V, 25.
? chryseis Godt.— U. S.— Godt. Encyc. V, 38.

eglanteria Boisd.— Californ.— Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 323.
pica Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. Mus. Heteroc. 1318.
? magaera Fab.— N. A.— Fab. Mant. II, 109, 12. Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1.

C. B. Mus. 1378.

Dryocampa Harr.
— -• " •—"""" q •/

imperialis Drur.— U. S.— Drur. I, pi. 9. imperatoria Sm. Abb. Harris, •*-"- u^K'

Ins, Mass. 290. Cram. V, 178. .
bicolor Harris.— South. St.— Ins. Mass. 293.
^ pellucida Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. 115, pi. 58. virginiensis Drur. pi. 13.

astynome ? Oliv. Encyc. V, 43, 73. Fitch, Fifth Report.
t- rubicunda Fab.— U. S.— Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 429. Harris, Ins. Mass. 293.
*- senatoria Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. 113, pi. 57. Harris, Ins. Mass. 292.

Fitch, Fifth Report.

-^stigma Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb.- Ill, pi. 56. Harr. Ins. Mass. 292. Oliv.
Encyc. 42, 69. Hiibn. exot. 1. C. B. M. 1496. Fitch, Fifth Report.

22 BOMBYCIDAE — NOTODONTIDAE.

Ceratocampa Harr.

regalis Fab.— U. S.— Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 436, 93. Harr. Ins. Mass. 259. Dun-
can, Nat. Lib. XXXVII, pi. 18. regia Sm. Ab. 161, pi. 61. laocoon
Cram. Pap. exot. II, 80.

: ^^ i . ft 4-^

Clisiocampa Harr. T\

y sylvatica Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Ins. Mass. 271. Fitch, Fifth Report, neus-
tria Sm. Abb.

Fam. BOMBYCIDAE.

Gastropaclia Ochs.

americana Sm. — N. Am. — Sm. Abb. 101, pi. 51. Harr. Ins. Mass. 273.
: velleda Stoll.— U. S.— Stoll. Cram. exot. 178, pi. 41. Sm. Abb. 103, pi.

52. Harris, Ins. Mass. 275.

occidentalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1393. ilicifolia Sm. Abb. 1, 101,
laricis (Planosa; Fitch.— U. S.— Fitch, N. Y. Rep. 266. [pi. 51.

? quercaria Srn.— U. S.— Sin. Abb. pi. 103.

Artace Doubleday.

punctistriga Doubled.— N. A.— C. B. M. 1491.
albicans Doubled.— N. A.— C. B. M. 1492.
punctatissima Doubled.— N. A.— C. B. M. 1491.

Fam. NOTODONTIDAK

Notodont a Ochs.

anguina Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. II, 167, pi. 83.

unicornis Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. II, 165, pi. 86. Ins. Mass. 307. C. B.
basistriens Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1000. [M. 1030.

angulosa Doubted.— Ga.— C. B. M. 999. Sm. Abb. II, 165, pi. 83.

Heterocampa Doubleday.

astarte Doubled.— Flor.— Doubled. Entomol. 57. C. B. M. 1023.
manteo Doubled.— Flor.— Doubled. Entomol. 58. C. B. M. 1029.
umbrata Doubled.— Flor.— C. B. M. 1023.
biundata Doubled.— N. Y.— C. B. M. 1025.
ipomae Doubled. — Flor. — Doubled. Entomol. 60.

Datana Walk.

contracta Doubled.— N. A.— C. B. M. 1062.
aurora Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. II, 173, pi. 87. C. B. M. 1062.
ministra Sm.— U S.— Sm. Abb. II, 161, pi. 81. C. B. M. 1061.

ARCTIADAE. 23

Ulerice Doubleday.
bidentata Doubled.— N. Y.— C. B. M. 1076.

Pygaera Ochs.

torrefacta Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. II, 76. C. B. M. 1088.
t, albifrons Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. II, 161, pi. 81. C. B. M. 1029.
concinna Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1030.
producta Doubled.— Flor.—C. B. M. 1031.
? gibbosa Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. II, 163, pi. 32.

Cerura Schrank.

furcula? Sm.— South. St.— Sm. Abb. 141, pi. 71. Guer. Icon. Reg.
; borealis Harr. — Mass. — Ins. Mass. 306. [an. Griff,

bifida Doubled.— Huds. Bay.— C. B. Mus. 984.

Tanada Walk,
antica Doubled.— Ga.— C. B. M. 1745.

Eudryas Hiibn.

,» grata Fab. — U. S. — Bombyx grata Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 457. Hair. Ins.

Mass. 310.
unio Hiibn. — U. S. — Hiibn. Harr. Ins. Mass. 310.

Clostera Stephens.

inclusa Hiibn. — Ga. — Hiibn. Zutr. anastomosis Sm. Abb. 143, pi. 72.
apicalis C. B. B.— Hudson's Bay.— C. B. M. 1058.
?ricana Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 314.

x^~

Fam. ARCTIADAE.

Orgyia Ochs.

leucostigma Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. II, 157, pi. 79. Harr. Ins. Mass. 262.
vetusta Boisd. — Californ. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. "K, 322. C. B.
antiqua Linn.— U. S., Eur.— Ins. Mass. 263. [M. 786.

Da§ycliira Steph.

achatina Sm.— South. St.— Sm. Abb. II, 153, pi. 77. C. B. M. 865.
leucophaea Sm. — Ga.— Sm. Abb. II, 155, pi. 78. Hiibn. Samml. II. C.

B. M. 870.

opercularis (Lagoa) Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. II, 105, pi. 53. C. B. M. 1760.
pyxidifera (Lagoa) Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. II, 107, pi. 54. C. B. M. 1760.

N . /

rt-t*\^j. *•+

24 ARCTIADAE.

•

Phragmatobia Steph. Arclia Hiibn.
vagans Boisd. — Californ. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 322.
assimilans Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 630.
albicosta Doubled.— Hex.— C. B. M. 630.

Apantesis Walk.
radians Walk.— Ga.— C. B. M. 632.

Spilosoma Steph. Arctia Schr.

/ acrea Drur.— U. S.— Drur. I, 7, pi. 3. Fab. Ent. S. Ill, 1, 451. Sm. Abb.
133, pi. 67. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, 171, pi. 20. pseuderminea Peck,
Agric. Repos. VII, 328. capratina Cram. Exot. Ill, 170, pi. 287.
C. B. M. 667.

echo Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. II, 135, pi. 68. Hiibn. Verz. 184. C. B. M. 668.
y virginica Fab.— U. S.— Fab. Supp. But. Syst. 437. C. B. M. 668. Harr.

Ins. Mass. 248. «£affiEH»J)rur. Ill, pi. 29.
-{ cunea Drur. — U. S. — Drur. I, 36, pi. 18. C. B. M. 669. punctatissima

Sm. Abb. 139, pi. 70.
congrua Doubled.— Ga.— C. B. M. 669.
y egle Drur.— U. S.— Drur. II, 36, pi. 20. C. B. M. 669.

Arctia Auct.

caja Fab. — U. S., Eur. — Fab. Ent. Syst. 581. Agass. Lake Sup. C. B.

M. 600.
americana Har. — N. A. — Agass. Lake Sup. 391, pi. 7. Ins. Mass. 246.

C. B. M. 606.

parthenos Kirby.— N. A.— Agass. Lake Sup. 390, pi. 7. C. B. M. 608.
virgo Linn. — N. A. — Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulsr. 381. Clerck, Icon. pi. 45. Fab.

Sp. Ins. II, 199. Oliv. Encyc. V, 93. Hiibn. Exot. II. Sm. Abb.

II, 123, pi. 62. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, 175, pi. 19. Harr. Ins. Mass.

244. C. B. M. 608. Var. ? Callimorpha parthenice. Kirb. Faun. Bor.

IV, 303, pi. 4.
y arge Drur.— U. S.— Drur. I3 pi. 18. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, 174, pi. 19. Oliv.

Encyc. V, 93. dione Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 442. Sm. Abb. II, 125, pi. 63.
phalerata Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 245.

virginalis Boisd. — Californ. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 321.
ft virguncula Kirb.— U. S.— Kirb. Faun. Bor. IV, 304, 2, pi. 4. C. B. M. 609.
placentia Sm.— N. A.— Sm. Abb. II, 129, pi. 65. C. B. M. 610.
nais Drur.— U. S.— Drur. I, pi. 7. C. B. M. 609.
phyllira Drur.— U. S.— Drur. I, 15, pi. 7. Oliv. Encyc. V, 94. Sm. Abb.

II, 127, pi. 64.
-^Isabella Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. II, 131, pi. 68. C. B. M. 611.

rubricosa Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 253.
4- textor Harr. — Ga. — Ins. Mass. 255.
? graphica Hiibn. — U. S.— Hiibn. pi. 3.
hebraica Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. fig. 387.
collaris Fitch.— North. St.— Fitch State Agric. Rep. 383.

ARCTIADAE. 25

punctata Fitch.— Miss. — Fitch State Agric. Rep. 383.

dahurica Boisd. — Californ. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me Ser. X, 321.

gelida Doubled. — Labr.— C. B. M. 611.

liyperborea Doubled. — Arc. Am. — C. B. M. 611.

Neineopliila Steph. Arct-ia Schr.

figurata Drur.— Va.— Drur. II, 22, pi. 12. Beauv. Lep. pi. 24. C. B. M.
californiae Walk. C. B. M. 625. [625.

petrosa Doubled. — Rocky Mtns. — C. B. M. 626.
rufula Boisd. — Californ. — Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. Ill, 3d Ser. XXXII.

Ecpaiitheria Hiibn.

scribonia Stoll. — N. Arn. — Stoll. Cram. Exot. V, 177, pi. 41. ocularia
Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 425. oculatissima Sm. Abb. II, 137. Nat. Lib.
XXXVII. C. B. M. 689.

caudata Doubled.— Hex.— C. B. M. 689.

incaruata Doubled.— Mex.— C. B. M. 690.

extrema Doubled.— Hex.— C. B. M. 691.

obliterata Doubled.— W. Ind.— C. B. M. 691.

nigriplaga Doubled.— W. Ind.— C. B. M. 692.

simplex Doubled.— W. Ind.— C. B. M. 692.

decora Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 693.

Deiopeia Steph.

•** bella Drur.— U. S.— Drur. I, 52, pi. 24. Encyc. V, 99. Harris, Ins. Mass.

241. Nat. Libr. XXXVII, 191, pi. 24.
speciosa Doubled.— Jam.— C. B. M. 568.
ornatrix Drur.— Antigua.— Drur. (Westw.) I, pi. 24, f. 2.

Calllmorpha Latr. Ilypercampa C. B. M.

clymene Esper.— U. S.— Esper. Schmet. IV, 22. C. B. M. 651. Colone

Hiibn. Bombyx. 135, 8, pi. 31.
confmis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 661.
contigua Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 650.
comma Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 652.
militaris Harr.— Mass.— Ins. Mass. 243. Var. Lecontei.
Carolina Harr. — Ins. Mass. 243.
vinosa Drur.— Jam.— Drur. I, 43, pi. 23. C. B. M. 333.

Eucyane Hubner.
pylotis Drury— Hex.— Drur. II, 9, pi. 5. Encyc. V. 99. C. B. M. Het. 362.

CIiH-ysauge Hiibner.
dimas Cram.— Mex — Cram. I, 91, pi. 59. C. B. M. 375.

Eudule Hiibner.
variegata Doubled.— Jamaica. — C. B. M. 380.

2 6 LITHOSIADAE — CYMATOPHORADAE — NOCTUADAE.

^ Lopliocampa Harr. Halcsidota Hubn.

caryae Harr.— U. S.— Ins. Mass. 259. Fitch, N. Y. Rep. 163.
tesselaris Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. Ill, 149, pi. 75.
fulvo-flava Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 733.
annulifascia Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 734.
bicolor Doubled.— Mex.— C. B. M. 734.
insulata Doubled. — Jam. — C. B. M. 734.
palpalis Doubled.— Jam.— C. B. M. 735.
strigosa Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 736.

dimidiata Herr. Schaef. — Ga. — Herr. Schaef. exot. Sp. nov. ser. l,f. 222

Fam. LITHOSIADAE.

Gnopliria Steph.

vitjata Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Ins. Mass. 241. miniata Kirby, Faun. Bor.
/ - IV, 305

-4-

LJUiosia Fab.
pupula Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. Exot. II, 24, 164, f. 327. C. B. M. 522.

S
Fam. CYMATOPHORADAE.

Cymatoplaora Treitschke.
caniplaga Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 18.

Tliyatira Hubn.

abrasa Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. noct. I, 12.

pudens Guen. — North. St. — Guen. noct. I, 13. C. B. M. noct. 8.

cymatophoroides Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. I, 13.

Fam. NOCTUADAE. NOCTUAE Linn.

Diplatliera Ochs.

fallax Herr. Sch.— Ten.— Herr. Sch. Exot. f. 2, 11. C. B. M. noct. 35.

jocosa Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 37, 40. C. B. M. noct. 36.
4-deridens Guen. — N. A.— Guen. noct. I, 35, 37. C. B. M. noct. 36.
1 cavillator Doubled.— Mex.— C. B. M. noct. 37.

Acronycta Ochs.

tritona Guen. — Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 42. C. B. M. 53. Hiibn. Zutr. 107.
X Psi ? Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 43.

NOCTUADAE. 27

lobeliae Gnen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 44. C. B. M. noct. 54.
furcifera Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 44. C. B. M. noct. 54.
hasta Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 45. C. B. M. noct. 54.
telum Guen. — U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 45. C. B. M. noct. 54.
spinigera Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 46. C. B. M. noct. 54.
interrupta Guen.— Ga. — Guen. noct. 1, 46. C. B. M. noct. 54.
lepusculina Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 46. C. B. M. 55.
hastulifera Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. II, 183, pi. 92. Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent.

I, 47. C. B. M. uoct. 57.

acericola Guen.— Ga.— Guen. noct. I, 48. C. B. M. noct. 57.
rubricorna Guen. — N. A. — Guen. noct. I, 48. C. B. M. noct. 57.
oblinata Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. 1,47. Sm. Abb. II, 187, pi. 94. Guen.

noct. 1, 49. C. B. M. noct. I, 58.

innotata Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. noct. I, 50. C. B. M. noct. 59.
brumosa Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. I, 52. C. B. M. noct. 59.
hamalelis Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 52. C. B. M. noct 59.
superans Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. noct. I, 53. C. B. M. noct. 59.
clarescens Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. I, 54. C. B. M. noct. 60.
longa Gueu.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 54. C. B. M. noct. 60. .

xyjinoidesjKmn.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 56. C. B. M. noct. 60. X-'H -

circulifera Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. I. 709.
modica Doubled.— Hudson's Bay.— C. B. M. noct. 56.
grisea Doubled. — Hudson's Bay. — C. B. M. noct. 57.
contacta Doubled. — Hudson's Bay. — C. B. M. noct. 58.
declarata Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 61.
impressa Doubled. — Hudson's Bay. — C. B. M. noct. 61.
insita Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 61.
fasciata Doubled.— Hudson's Bay.— C. B. M. noct. 62.
mixta Doubled.— Huds. Bay.— C. B. M. noct. 62.
leporina Doubled. — Huds. Bay. — C. B. M. noct. 44.
distinguenda Doubled. — St. Dom. — C. B. M. noct. 63.

"71- Bryopliila Treitschke.

palliatricula Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 26. C. B. M. noct. 26.
teratophora Herr. Schaef.— Ten.— Herr. Schaef. exot. f. 213. C. B. M.

noct. 27.

corticosa Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 30. C. B. M. noct. 27.
discitincta Doubled.— Hudson's Bay.— C. B. M. noct. 27.
discivaria Doubled.— Hudson's Bay. — C. B. M. noct. 28.
nana Hubn.— Ga.— Hubn. Exot. I, 14, f. 23. Verz. 205. C. B. M. uoct. 26.
discinigra Doubled.— Hudson's Bay.— C. B. M. noct. 28.

Grammophora Guenee.

hebraea Hubn.— Ga.— Hiibn. Exot. I, 10, f. 25. Guen. noct. I, 31. C. B.

M. noct. 29.
cora Hiibn.— N. Am.— Hiibn. Exot. 1, 14, f. 59. Guen. noct. I, 31. C. B.

M. noct. 29.
trisignata Doubled.— Can.— C. B. M. noct. 29.

28 NOCTUADAB.

Xauthia Ochs.

rufago Hiibn.— Ga.— Hiibn. Exot. 1, 15, 31. Guen. noct. I, 392. C. B. M.

noct. 464.

aurantiago Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. I, 394. C. B. M. noct. 464.
bicolorago Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. noct. I, 397. C. B. M. noct. 464.
ferrugineoides Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. uoct. I, 398.
silago Guen.— Hud-s. Bay.— Guen. noct. I, 394. C. B. M. noct. 460.
viridescens Doubled. — St. Dom. — C. B. M. noct. 465.
spurgata Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 749.

Microcoelia Guenee.

fragilis Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 34. C. B. M. noct. 31.
diphtheroides Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. noct. I, 34. C. B. M. noct. 31.

Gortyna Ochs.

\ zeae Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Ins. Mass. 319.

leucostigma Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 123. C. B. M. noct. 157.

rutila Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 123. C. B. M. noct. 157.

marginidens Guen.— 111.— Guen. noct. I, 123. C. B. M. noct. 157.

limpida Guen.— 111.— Guen. noct. I, 123. C. B. M. noct. 157.
... nebris Guen.— 111.— Guen. noct. I, 124. C. B. M. noct. 157.

nitella Guen.— 111.— Gueu. noct. 1, 124.

Leucauia Ochs.

straminea Treitsch. — N. Y., Eur. — Treitsch. Guen. noct. I, 91. C. B. M.

noct. 89.

extranea Guen. — N. Amer. — Guen. noct. I, 77. C. B. M. 93.
videns Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 78. C. B. M. 94.
extincta Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 79. C. B. M. 94.
diffusa Doubled.— Nov. Scot.— C. B. M. 95.
insueta Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. I, 81. C. B. M. noct. 95.
linita Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. I, 81. C. B. M. noct. 95.
littera Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 71. C. B. M. noct. 77.
obusta Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. I, 74. C. B. M. noct. 77.
pseudargyria Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. I, 74.
ebriosa Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. I, 74. C. B. M. noct. 77.
juncicola Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. I, 83. C. B. M. noct. 96.
scirpicola Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. I, 84. C. B. M. noct. 96.
commoides Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. noct. I, 86. C. B. M. noct. 96.
albilinea Hiibn.— N. A.— Hiibn. exot. II, 25, 169, f. 337. Guen. noct. I,

89. C. B. M. noct. 99.

phragmitidicola Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. I, 89. C. B. M. noct. 97.
multilinea Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 97.
dorsalis Doubled. — St. Dom. — C. B. M. noct. 98.

tj £,-v~, C U

NOCTUADAE 29

My till mil a Hiibner.

contraria Doubled.— U. S. — C. B. M. noct. 78.
tripars Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. noct. 78.

oubled.— Nov. Scot.— C. B. M. noct. 78.

Hiibner.

inquinata Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 104. C. B. M. noct. 128.
enervata Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 105. C. B. M. noct. 128.
fodiens Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 105. C. B. M. noct. 128.

Ilydroecia Guenee.

erythrostigma Guen. — Guen. noct. I, 126.

<f lorea Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 126. C. B. M. noct. 161.
immanis Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. 1, 128. C. B. M. noct. 162.
stramentosa Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. noct. I, 129. C. B. M. noct. 162.
nictitans Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. noct. 159. Gn. noct. I, 126.
salicarum Doubled. — Huds. Bay. — C. B. AI. noct. 717.

Olottula Guenee.

timais Cram.— Cram. Ill, 148, pi. 275. Hiibn. exot. Ill, 39, f. 589. Guen.
noct. 1, 116. C. B. M.

Cissusa Walk.
spadix Cram.— Va.— Cram. exot. Ill, 149, pi. 275. C. B. M. noct. 153.

* Leptilia Gueuee.

dormitans Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 15. C. B. M. noct. 10.
•/• ophthalmica Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 15. C. B. M. noct. 10.
Doubledayi Guen.— North. St.— Guen. uoct. I, 15. C. B. M. noct. 10.

Apatela Fab.

-f" americana Harr.— U. S. — Ins. Mass. 317.
aceris Sm.— South. St.— Sm. Abb. 185, pi. 93.

Mamestra Ochs.
~h picta Harr.— U. S.— Ins. Mass. 329.

arctica Encyc.— N. Am.— Encyc. 120. Herr. Schaef. Eur. Schm. II, 272,
pi. 31. Guen. noct. I, 193. C. B. M. noct. 225.

fribolus Guen.— Guen. noct. I, 194.

abjecta Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 193. C. B. M. noct. 227.

impulsa Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 194. C. B. M. noct. 231.

passer Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. 1, 195. C. B. M. noct. 231.

dubitans Doubled.— N. Y. — C. B. M. noct. 232.

ordinaria Doubled.— N. Y. — C. B. M. noct. 232.
f contenta Doubled.— Nov. Scot.— C. B. M. noct. 233.

unicolor Doubled.— Nov. Scot.— C. B. M. noct. 233.

30 NOCTUADAE.

insulsa Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 234.

adjuncta Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 199. C. B. M. noct. 234.

configurata Doubled. — Mex. — C. B. M. noct. 234.

Diaiitliaecia Guenee.
capsularis Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. II, 22. C. B. M. noct. 505.

Mesogona Boisd.

culea Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. I, 404. C. B. M. noct. 474.
madida Guen.— Mex.— Guen. noct. I, 404. C. B. M. noct. 474.

Cirroedia Guenee.
pampina Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 402. C. B. M. noct. 472.

Ochsenbeimer.
orina Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. II, 10.

Orthosia Ochsenheiiner.
nisciens Doubled. — U. S. — C. B. M. uoct. 746.

OrtllOdes Guenee.

infirma Guen. — U. S. — Gueu. noct. I, 375.

cyuica. — Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. noct. I, 375. C. B. M. noct. 443.
ninia Guen.— N. Y. — Gueu. uoct. I, 375. C. B. M. noct. 443.
candens Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. uoct I, 376. C. B. M. noct. 444.
vecors Gueu.— N. Y.— Gueu. noct I, 376. C. B. M. uoct. 444.

/? ' / ' Apamea Ochs.

/W^fj^^

(SW&- mactata Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 207. C. B. M. noct. 250.

V finitima Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. uoct. I, 206. C. B. M. noct. 250.
' remissa Guen.— N. Y.— Gueu. noct. I, 208. C. B. M. noct. 729.
jaspis Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. uoct. I, 209. C. B. M. noct. 250.
modica Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 207. C. B. M. noct. 250.
^ insignata Doubled.— N. Y.— C. B. M. noct. 729.

Xylopkasia Steph. lladena Boisd.

apamiformis Guen. — U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 132. C. B. M. noct. 176.
lignicolora Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. uoct. I, 140. C. B. M. noct. 176.
verbascoides Guen. — N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 141. C. B. M. noct. 177.
sectilis Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 141. C. B. M. noct. 177.
mucens Hiibn.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 142. C. B. M. noct. 177.
confusa Httbn.— U. S.— Guen. uoct. I, 142. C. B. M. noct. 177.
cariosa Hiibn.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 144. C. B. M. noct. 178.
rurea Guun. — U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 137. C. B. M. noct. 171.
indocilis Doubled.— N, Y.— C. B. M. noct. 179.
libera Doubled.— N. Y.— C. B. M. noct. 179.
X "V^t? ' jFft v-tstS'

NOCTUADAE. 31

infixa Doubled. — Flor.— C. B. M. noct. 178.
arcuata Doubled. — Flor. — C. B. M. noct. 178.

Tliermesia Hubner.
gemmatilis Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. Ill, 355.

+ f*

Marmotinia GmW'o,

epionoides Guen. — Ga. — Guen noct. Ill, 371.
geometrioides Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 371.

Let is Guenee.
specularis Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hiibn. exot. II. Guen. noct. Ill, 156.

Erebus Latreille.

odora Drury.— Tex.— Drury I, 6, pi. 3. Guen. noct. Ill, 167. C. B. M.
1299.

Pliaeocyma Hubner.

unifera Hiibn.— Ga. — Hiibn. exot. I, 19, 49, f. 97. Guen. noct. Ill, 3. C.
B. M. 1046.

If onioptera Boisd.

lunata Drury.— U. S.— Drury I, 40, pi. 20. Guen. noct. Ill, l'2. C. B. M.

1053.

exhausta Guen.— N. Am. ?— Guen. noct. Ill, 14. C. B. M. 1053.
edusa Drury.— U. S.— Drury (Westw.) 11,46, pi. 24. Guen. noct. Ill,

14. C. B. M. 1054. putrescens Guer. Icon. Reg. an. pi. 89.
minerea Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 15. C. B. M. 1054.
colycanthata Sm.— South.— Sm. Abb. II, 207, pi. 104. Guen. noct. Ill,
involuta Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1055. [15. C. B. M. 1054.

plenipennis Doubled. — Flor.— C. B. M. 1055.
lineosa Doubled. — U. S.— C. B. M. 1056.
cingulifera Doubled.— Flor. — C. B. M. 1056.
declarans Doubled.— Flor.— C. B. M. 1057.
integerrima Doubled. — Flor. — C. B. M. 1057.
viridans Doubled. — Flor. — C. B. M. 1064.
obliqua Guen.— Can.— Guen. noct. Ill, 16. C. B. M. 1054.
terrosa Guen.— Mex.— Gueu. noct. Ill, 11. C. B. M. 1058.
configurata Walk. — Mex. — C. B. M. 1058.
fuliginosa Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1059.
infausta Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1059.
gradata Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1060.
posterior Doubled.— Jam.— C. B. M. 1060.
terminalis Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1061.
directa Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1061.
humeralis Doubled. — St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1062.

32 NOCTUADAE.

H»«— • — - "•"

Claiiyma Guene"e.

angularis Hiibn.— N. Am.— Hiibn. Zutr. 9. Guen. noct. II, 95.
asopialis Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hiibn. Zutr. 9. Guen. noct. II, 96.

Ingura Guenee.

delineata Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. II, 311. C. B. M. noct. 875.
abrostoloides Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 311. C. B. M. noct. 875.
criatatrix Guen.— N. Am. ?— Guen. noct. II, 313. C. B. U. noct. 875.

oculatrix Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. II, 313. C. B. M. noct. 875.
arcigera Guen.— W. Ind.— Guen. noct. II, 310. C. B. M. noct. 876.

Placodes Boisd.
cinereola Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 316.

Catocala Schrank.

y parta Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 84. C. B. M. noct. 1193.
^ uuijuga Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1194.

\/ amatrix Hiibn.— U.S.— Hiibn. Exot. II, f. 3. Guen. noct. Ill, 86. C. B. M.
k nurus Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1196. [1195.

junctura Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1196.
V cara Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1196.
selecta Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1197.

ultronia Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. exot. II, 26, f. 347. Guen. noct. Ill, 89.
concumbens Doubled.— N. Am.— C. B. M. 1198. [C. B. M. 1197.

• ilia Cram.— U. S.— Cram. exot. I, 53, pi. 33. Guen. noct. Ill, 91. C. B.
uxor Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 92. C. B. M. 1199. [M. 1198.
lachrymosa Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 93. C. B. M. 1199. Vidua?

Encyc. VIII, 288.
X. epione Drury.— N. Am.— Drury (Westw.) I, 43, pi. 23. F. E. Syst. Ill, 2,

163. Encyc. VIII, 288. Guen. noct. Ill, 93. C. B. M. 1200.
]/ insolabilis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 94. C. B. M. 1200.

vidua' Sm.— U. S.— Sm. Abb. II, 181. pi. 91. Gu<-n. noct. Ill, 04. C. B.
V desperata Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 95. C. B. M. 1201. [M. 1200.
0 cerogama Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 96. C. B. M. 1202.
jkneogama Sm.— N. Am.— Sm. Abb. II, 175, pi. 68. Nat. Libr. XXXVII,

202, pi. 26. Guen. noct. Ill, 96. C. B. M. 1202.
-f palaeogama Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 97. C. B. M. 1202.
cmuliercula Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 97. C. B. M. 1203.
4-innubens Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 98. C. B. M. 1203.
-^ antinympha Hiibn. — U. S.— Hiibn. voz. 278. C. B. M. 1203. paranympha

Drury (Westw.) I, 44, pi. 23. melanympha Guen. noct. Ill, 98.
censors Sm.— N. Am.— Sm. Abb II, 177, pi. 89. Encyc. VIII, 197. Guen.

noct. Ill, 99. C. B. M. 1204.
micronympha Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 102. C. B. M. 1204.

*"'

NOCTUADAE.

amasia Sm.— N. Am.— Sm. Abb. II, pi. 90. Encyc. VIII, 290. Nat. Libr.

XXXVII, 205, pi. 26. Guen. noct. Ill, 103. C. B. M. 1204.
grynea Cram.— Va.— Cram. exot. Ill, 29, pi. 208. C. B. M. 1205.
illecta Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1205.
puptula Doubled.— N. Am.— C. B. M. 1205.
inuptialis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1206.

polygama Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 10.'.. C. B. M. 1207.
connubialis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 105. C. B. M. 1207.
~t- arnica Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hiibn. exot. I, 14, f. 27. andrephila Guen. noct.

Ill, 106. C. B. M. 1208.

messalina Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 107. C. B. M. 1209.
electilis Doubled.— Mex.— C. B. M. 1209.
olicta Doubled.— Nov. Scot.— C. B. M. 1193.

Oplliusa Oclis.

Smithii Gn.— N. Am. — Guen. iioct. Ill, 207.
similis Gn. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 267.
apicalis Gn. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 267.
bistriaris Hiibn.— N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 268.
consobrina Hiibn. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 268.
atomarius Hiibu. — Ga. — Hiibn. exot. I, 16. C. B. M. 1321.

Acontia Ochs.

- candefacta Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. exot. Ill, 39, 294, f. 587. Guen. noct. II,

216. C. B. M. 784.

erastrioides Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 218. C. B. M. 784.
biplaga Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. II, 218. C. B. M. 785.
aprica Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 219. C. B. M. 785.
ardqris Hiibn.— Ga.— Hiibn. exot. Ill, 34, f. 551. Guen. noct. II, 216. C.
dfebilis Doubled.— Flor.—C. B. M. noct. 786. [B. M. 785.

margaritata Drury.— U. S.— Drury (Westw.), pi. 21.

Agnomonia Hiibner.

anilis Drur.— U. S.— Drur. (Westw.) II, 21, pi. 12. Guen. noct. Ill, 273.
sesquistiaria Hiibn. — U. S. — Hiibn. Zutr. 419.

Hiibner.
hinna Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 216.

Pseudopliia Walk.
liburua Doubled.— N. Am.— C. B. M. 1364.

Cliainyris Guenee.

/ cerinthia Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 225. C. B. M. noct. 803.
o

34 NOCTUADAE.

Euclidia Ocks.

X cuspidea Gaen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 292. C. B. M. 1361.

capiticola 6ktwu.— Rocky Mntns.— Guen. noct. Ill, 292. C. B. M. 1362.
petricola Ghieiw— Rocky Mntns.— Guen. noct. Ill, 292. C. B. M. 1362.

AnomiS Hiibner.

fulvida Guen. noct. II, 397. C. B. M. 988.

bipunctata Guen.— Ga.— Guen. noct. II, 401. C. B. M. 988.

luridula Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 401. C. B. M. 988.

MonogOlia Guenee.
hormos Guen. — Ga. — Guen. noct. II, 403. C. B. M. noct. 995.

Siavaiia Walk,
repanda Doubled.— Flor.—C. B. M. 1009.

Scoliopteryx Germar.
A libatrix Linn.— N. Am., Eur.— Linn. Guen. noct. II, 405. C. B. M. 1011.

Xaenia Steph.
typica Doubled.— U. S., Eur.— C. B. M. 1020.

Antlioecia Boisd.

{ rivulosa Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 184. C. B. M. noct. 694.
arcigera Gueu. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 184. C. B. M. noct. 694.
^*'<-c jaguarina Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 184. C. B. M. noct. 694.

lynx Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 185. C. B. M. noct. 694.
tuberculum Hiibn. — Pa. — Hiibn. exot. Ill, 29, 259, f. 517. Guen. noct.

II, 185. C. B. M. 695.
bina Guen.— N. A.— Guen. noct. II, 186. C. B. M. noct. 695.

Ilcliotliis Ochs.

spinosa Doubled. — N. Am. — C. B. M. noct. 687.

pyralis Hiibn.— Ga.— Hiibn. exot. I, 23, f. 127. C. B. M. noct. 687.

exprimens Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 687.

Famila Walker.
nundina Drur.— N. Y.— Drur. (Westw.) I, 35, pi. 18. C. B. M. noct. 679.

Rhodopliora Guen. Alarm Westw.

florida Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 171. C. B. M. noct. 675.
gaurae Hiibn.— Ga.— Hiibn. exot. Ill, 35, f. 557. Sm. Abb. II, 197, pi. 99.
(Alaria) Duncan, Nat. Libr. XXXVII, 200, pi. 24. C. B. M. noct. 675

NOCTUADAE. 35

Lepipolys Guenee.
perscripta Guen. — Flor.— Guen. II, noct. 174. C. B. M. noct. 677.

Aspila Guenee. Cllloridea Westw.

Rhexiae Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. II, 199, pi. 100. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, 198,
pi. 24. Guen. noct. II, 175. C. B. M. noct. 678.

subflexa Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 175. C. B. M. 678.

virescens Fab.— W. Ind.— Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 280, 72. Oliv. Encyc. VII,
269. Guen. noct. II, 175.

A 11 a Ha Hiibner.

impingens Doubled. — Rocky Mtns. — C. B. M. noct. 700.
Richardson! Doubled. — Arc. Am. — C. B. M. noct. 700.
septentrionis Doubled. — Arc. Am. — C.. B. M. noct. 700.
constricta Doubled. — Arc. Am. — C. B. M. noct. 701.

Eriopus Treitsch. Callopistria Hiibner.
floridensis Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. II, 293. C. B. M. noct. 863.
mollissima Guen. — Flor.— Guen. noct. II, 294. C. B. M. noct. 863.
granitosa Guen.— N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 295. C. B. M. noct. 863.
argentilinea Doubled.— N. Am. — C. B. M. 863.

Lepidomys Guenee.
irrenosa Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 202. C. B. M. noct. 767.

Derrima Walker.
stellata Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 770,

Agrophila Boisd.

leo Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 205. C. B. M. noct. 773.
dama Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 205. C. B. M. noct. 774.
onagrus Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. II, 205. C. B. M. noct. 774.

Abrostola Ochs.

urentis Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. II, 322. C. B. M. noct. 883.
ovalis Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 322. C. B. M. noct. 883.

CalyptiS Guenee.
iter Guen.— N. Am. ?— Guen. noct. II, 324. C. B. M. noct. 885.

Plusia Ochs.

•+ aerea Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. Eur. Schmet. pi. 5fi, f. 271. Guen. noct. II

333. C. B. M. noct. 890.

festucae Albin.— N. Am., Eur.— Albin. Guen. noct. II, 337. C. B. M.
noct, 894.

36 NOCTUADAE.

mya Hiilin.— Can., Eur.— Hiibn. Guen. noct. II, 338. C. B. M. noct. 895.
-f balluca Geyer.— N. Am.— Geyer, exot. 22, 241, f. 681. Guen. noct. II, 334.
C. B. M. 904.

thyatyroides Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 337. C. B. M. noct. 905.

U-brevis Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. II, 341. C. B. M. noct. 905.
. biloba Gueu.— Flor.— Guen. uoct. II, 341. C. B. M. noct. 906.

verruca Fab.— U. S.— F. E. S. Ill, 2. Encyc. 315. Guen. noct. II, 342.
C. B. M. 906. omega Hbnr. Zut. f. 373. omicron Hbnr. Verzeichn.
251.

rogationis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 354. C. B. M. noct. 906.
s precationis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 344. C. B. M. noct. 906.
+ simplex Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 346. C. B. M. noct. 907.

ou Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. II, 348. C. B. M. noct. 907.

oxygramma Gueu. — Ga. — Guen. noct. II, 350. C. B. M. noct. 908.

falcigera ? Kirby.— Can.— Kirby Faun. Bor. IV, 306. C. B. M. noct. 90S

flagellum Doubled.— N. Am.— C. B. M. noct. 909.

indegna Doubled.— Ga.— C. B. M. noct. 909.

mortuorum Guen. — Can. — Guen. noct. II, 353. C. B. M. noct. 910.

ainpla Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 910.

quadriplaga Doubled. — Va. — C. B. M. noct. 911. iota? Cram. exot. II,.
100, pi. 165.

selecta Doubled.— Hud. Bay.— C. B. M. 912.

alticola Doubled.— Rocky Mtns.— C. B. M. 912.

secedens Doubled.— Hud. Bay.— C. B. M. 913.

falcifera Guen.— W. Ind.— Guen. noct. II, 328. C. B. M. 913.

egena Guen.— St. Dorn.— Guen. noct. II, 328. C. B. M. 914.

includens Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 914.

calceolaris Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 914.

humilis Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 915.

Guenee.
pepita Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. II, 358. C. B. M. noct. 936.

llemicera Guen.

cadmia Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 383.
ampla Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 910.

Erastria Ochs.

cameola Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. II, 228. C. B. M. noct. 807.
nigritula Gueu. — Flor. — Guen. noct. II, 229. C. B. M. noct. 807.
rmisculosa Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 230. C. B. M. noct. 807.
albidula Gueu.— U. S.— Guen. noct. II, 230. C. B. M. noct. 807.
rubicunda Doubled. — N. Y. — C. B. M. noct. 808.
inscripta Doubled. — U. S.— C. B. M. noct. 80S.
varia Doubled. — Florida. — C. B. M. noct. 808.
biplaga Doubled. — Illinois.— C. B. M. noct. 808.

NOCTUADAE. 37

ia Guenee. Erastria Ochs. Autliopliila Boisd.
olivula Guen. — N. Aui. — Guen. noct. II, 231.

Leptosia Guenee. Bi-yopliila Treitsch. Anf Iiopbila Treitsch.
concinmmacula Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 238. C. B. M. noct. 816.

Guenee.

•partita Gurn.— Flor.— Guen. noot. II, 239. C. I'.. M. noct. 817.
hepara Guen.— N. A.— Guen. noct. II. 239. C. B. M. noct. 817.

Xantlioptera Guenee.

nigrofimbria Guen.— N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 241. C. B. M. noct. 818.
semiflava Gueu.— U. S. — Guen. noct. II, 241. C. B. M. noct. 818.
seiniocrea Guen. — Ga. — Guen. noct. II, 241. C. B. M. noct. 818.

Ulicra Guenee.
minima Guen. — U. S. — Guen, noct. II, 246. C. B. M. noct. 823.

Micropliysa Boisd. Opliiusa Treitsch.
sobria Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. noct. 835.

Cliariptera Guenee. Polia Boisd.
festa Guen.— Carolina. — Guen. noct. II, 57. C. B. M. noct. 535.

Rapllia Hbnr.

ononycha Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 48. C. B. M. noct. 528.
propulsa Doubled. — Flor. — C. B. M. noct. 539.

Hecatera Guenee.
laudabilis Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. Ill, 30. C. B. M. noct. 511.

Plilogopliora Ochs.

anodonta Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 63. C. B. M. noct. 541.
iris Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 64. C. B. M. noct. 542.
periculosa Doubled.— N. Y. — C. B. M. noct. 542.

Euplcxia Steph.

y lucipara Linn.— N. Y., Eur.— Linn. Gueu. noct. II, 68. C. B. M. noct.
543.

Polyphaeiiis Boisd. Polia Ochs.
herbacea Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. noct. II, 73. C. B. M. noct. 549.

38 NOCTUADAE.

Enrols Hiibn. Polia Treitsch. Aplecta Guenee.

herbida Den. & Schieff. — N. A., Eur. — Den. & Schieff. Guen. noct. II,

75. C. B. M. noct. 550.

occulta Guen. — Can., Eur. — Guen. noct. II, 76. C. B. M. noct. 551.
imbrifera Guen. — Can. — Guen. noct. II, 77. C. B. M. noct. 555.
nimbosa Guen. — N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 77. C. B. M. noct. 555.
latex Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 78. C. B. M. noct. 556.
condita Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 78. C. B. M. noct. 556.

Hadena Ochs. Polia Treitsch.

miseloides Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. 11,89. C. B. M. noct. 582.
distincta Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 91. C. B. M. noct. 583.
chenopodii Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. II, 89.

W-latinum Guen.— N. A., Eur.— Guen. noct. II, 105. C. B. M. noct. 578.
grandis Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 105. C. B. M. noct. 578.
^ xylinoides Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 106. C. B. M. noct. 584.
bellicula Hiibn.— Ga.— Hiibn. exot. I, 18, 43, f. 85. C. B. M. noct. 583.
pisi Linn. — N. A., Eur. — Linn. Guen. noct. II, 101. C. B. M. noct. 575.
rectilinea Esper. — N. A., Eur. — Esper. Guen. noct. II, 105. C. B. M.
intracta Doubled. — Arc. Am. — C. B. M. noct. 584. [noct. 579.

insignis Doubled. — Jam. — C. B. M. noct. 585.
punctirena Doubled. — St. Dom. — C. B. M. noct. 586.
detracta Doubled.— N. Y.— C. B. M. noct. 732.
albifusa Doubled.— Nov. Scot.— C. B. M. noct. 732.
contenta Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 732.
amputatrix Fitch.— N. Y.— Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XVI, 425.

Cassandfia Walk,
emittens Doubled. — Jam. — C. B. M. noct. 606.

Epimda Dup.
onychina Guen. — N. Am. — Gueu. noct. II, 48.

Calocampa Hbnr.
vetusta Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hiibn. Europ. Schmet. pi. 97.

Nephelodes Guenee.

fl (l/be. olfrnS violans Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. noct. I, 130. C. B. M. noct. 163.

? emmedonia Cram. — Va. — Cram. exot. Ill, 92, pi. 247. C. B. M. noct.
minians Guen.— Can.— Guen. noct. I, 130. C. B. M. noct. 163. [163.

Scoliocampa Guenee.
ligni Guen.— Ga.— Guen. noct. I, 131. C. B. M. noct. 166.

Acbatodes Guenee.
sandix Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 132. C. B. M. 166.

NOCTUADAE. 39

XylOMJJgCS Guenee. Xylilia Treitsch.
phytolaccae Sm.— South. St.— Sm. Abb. II, 193, pi. 97. C. B. M. noct.

183. eridania Cram. exot. IV, 13, pi. 358.
sunia Guen.— St. Thomas.— Guen. noct. I, 149. C. B. M. 183.
putrida Guen. — Guadaloupe.— Guen. noct. I, 148. C. B. M. 183.

L,aplirygiua Guenee.

frugiperda Sm.— N. Am.— Sm. Abb. II, 191, pi. 96. Guen. noct. I, 159.

unisignata Doubled.— Flor.—C. B. M. noct. 189. [C. B. M. 189.

arcuata Doubled.— Flor.—C. B. M. noct. 718.

vitrina Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. noct. 718.

filifera Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. noct. 719.

orbicularis Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. uoct. 719.

ferrocana Doubled. — Jam. — C. B. M. noct. 720.

Prod cilia Guenee. Hadena Boisd.
)< commelinae Sm.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. II, 189, pi. 95. Guen. noct. I, 162.

C. B. M. noct. 193.

ornithogalli Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 163. C. B. M. noct. 193.
eudiopta Guen.— N. Am. ?— Guen. noct. I, 164. C. B. M. noct. 193.
signifera Doubled.— Ga.— C. B. M. 193.
plagiata Doubled.— Jam.— C. B. M. 144.
latifascia Doubled. — Jam. — C. B. M. 145.

Heliopliobus Guenee.
fimbriaris Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 172. C. B. M. noct. 208.

Crymodes Guen6e.

borea Guen.— Arc. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 186. C. B. M. noct. 219.
exulis Guen.— Labr.— Gueii. noct. I, 185. C. B. M. noct. 219.
gelida Guen.— Labr.— Guen. noct. I, 186 C. B. M. noct. 221.
gelata Guen.— Labr. — Guen. noct. I, 186. C. B. M. noct. 221.

Miaiia Walk.

undulifera Doubled.— Flor.—C. B. M. noct. 258.
vincta Doubled.— Flor.—C. B. M. noct. 730.

Celaena Steph.

festivoides Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 220. C. B. M. noct. 261.
chalcedonia Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 221. C. B. M. noct. 262.
arna Gueu.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 222. C. B. M. noct. 262.
> herbimacula Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 223. C. B. M. noct. 262.
exesa Doubled.— Flor.— C. B. M. 262.
punctifera Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 263.
infecta Doubled.— Illin.—C. B. M. 263.
irresoluta Doubled. — Flor. — C. B. M. 731.

40 NOCTUADAE.

deliriosa Doubled.— St. Dorn.— C. B. M. 731.
agrotina Guen. — Cuba. — Guen. noct. I, 221.
inclinata Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. noct. 732.
semifurca Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. noct. 732.
prolifera Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. noct. 732.

Perigea Guenee.

xanthioides Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 227. C. B. M. noct. 271.
iufelix Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 229. C. B. M. noct. 271.
vecors Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 231. C. B. M. noct. 271.
circuita Guen.— St. Thos.— Guen. noct. I, 227. C. B. M. noct. 272.
apameoides Guen.— St. Thos.— Guen. noct. I, 220. C. B. M. noct. 273.
abstemia Guen. — Mex. — Guen. noct. I, 231.

Moiiodes Guenee.
nucicolora Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. I, 241. C. B. M. noct. 284.

Caradriiaa Ochs.
tarda Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 243. C. B. M. noct. 292.

Xylina Ochs.

coiitraria Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. noct. 627.
infructuosa Doubled. — Flor.— C. B. M. noct. 627.
signosa Doubled.— North. St.— C. B. M. noct. 627.
multifaria Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. uoct. 628.
commoda Doubled. — Flor. — C. B. M. noct. 760.
claufacta Doubled.— Flor.— C. B. M. noct. 760.
orbifera Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. noct. 760.

Hapalia Hbnr. AS rolls Guenee.
indicans Doubled.— Flor.— C. B. M. noct. 359.

Spaelotes Boisd. Asrrot is Ochs. Cai'adriiia Herr. Schaef.

ravida Doubled.— N. Y.— C. B. M. noct. 364.

pyrophila Guen.— Nov. Scot.— Guen. noct. I, 301. C. B. M. noct. 365.

Grrapliiplsora Ochs. Noctua Lin. Agroilis, Poiia,

OrOaosia Herr. Schaef.

C-nigrum Auct.— U. S., Eur. — Auct. Guen. noct. 1, 328. C. B. M. noct. 389.
triangulum Guen.— N. Y., Eur.— Guen. noct. I, 329. C. B. M. uoct. 390.
Dahlii Gueu.— U. S., Eur.— Guen. noct. 332. C. B. M. noct. 393.
lubricans Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. 323. C. B. M. noct. 398.
jucanda Doubled. — Can.— C. B. M. noct. 399.
expansa Doubled. — Can. — C. B. M. noct. 399.
sigmoides Guen.— N. Y.— Gueu. noct. I, 325. C. B. M. noct. 400.
augur Fabr.— U. S., Eur.— Fabr. Guen. noct. I, 325. C. B. M. noct. 387.

NOCTUADAE. 41

baja Gmel.— N. Y., Eur.— Gmel. Guen. noct. I, 335. C. B. M. noct. 396.
bicarnea Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 329. C. B. M. noct. 400.
elimata Guen.— Ga.— Guen. noct. I, 333. C. B. M. noct. 400.

Ortliosia Ochsenheimer.
instabilis Schiffm.— N. Y.— Fitch, Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XVI, 343.

Ocbropleura Hlibner.
ochrogaster Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 327. C. B. M. noct. 408.

Cerainica Guenee.

exusta Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 344. C. B. M. noct. 417.
vindemialis Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 344. C. B. M. noct. 417.
V-album Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. I, 345. C. B. M. noct. 418.

Taeniocampa Guenee. OHIiosia, Cerastis Ochs., Treitsch.

Herr. Schaef.

alia Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 352. C. B. M. noct. 429.
Mbisci Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 355. C. B. M. noct. 429.
oviduca Guen.— N. Ani.— Guen. noct. I, 357. C. B. M. uoct. 429.
styracis Guen.— Ga.— Guen. noct. I, 357. C. B. M. noct. 430.
collinita Guen.— N. Ani.— Guen. noct. I, 351.

Cerastis Ochs.

auchocelioides Guen.— N. Y.— Gueu. I, noct. 384. C. B. M. 452.
adulta Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. II, noct. 393.

Scopolosoma Curtis.
X sidus Guen. noct. I, 3S6.

I&oporiua Guenee.
hesperidago. — Guen. noct. I3 386.

Xestia Hbn. Xantllia Ochs., Herr. Schaeff.

chloropha Hbnr.— Ga.— Hbnr. esot. IV, pi. 304. Herr. Schaetf. Schmet.
Eur. II, 201, pi. 23. C. B. M. noct. 470.

Cucullia Ochs., Auct.

< asteroides Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 133. C. B. M. noct. C56. (2

> postera Guen.— North. St.— Guen. noct. II, 133. C. B. M. noct. 656.
florea Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. II, 134. C. B. M. noct. 656.
chamomillae Fab.— N. Y., Eur.— Fab. Guen. noct. II, 142. C. B. M.
noct. 650.

Ampliipyra Ochs.

pyramidoides Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. II, 413. C. B. M. noct. 1018.
? turbulenta Hiibn.— Ga.— Hiibn. exot. I, 15, 34, f. 67—8.

42 NOCTUADAE.

Guenee.
talidiformis Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. 11,152. C. B. M. noct. 661.

CBs-ia Geyer.

sanguinea Geyer. — N. Am. — Geyer. exot. IV, 9, 307, f. 613. Guen. noct.
II, 167. C. B. M. 672.

A £ rot is Ochs.

spissa Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. I, 261. C. B. M. noct. 327.
jaculifera Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 262. C. B. M. noct. 327.
malefida Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. I, 267. C. B. M. noct. 328.
-. suffusa Den. & Schieff.— U. S., Eur., Asia.— Guen. noct. I, 268. C. B. M.

noct. 309.

incivis Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. 1,274. C. B. M. noct. 331.
tritici Linn.— U. S.— Linn. Guen. noct. I, 288. C. B. M. 321.
obeliscoides Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 293. C. B. M. 331.
ravida Den. & Schieff— U. S. Eur.— Den. & Schieff. Guen. noct. I, 300.
telifera Harr.— U. S.— Ins. Mass. 323.
inermis Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 323.
messoria Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 324.
tesselata Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 324.
j- clandestiiia Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 327.
devastator Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 324.

annexa Treitsch.— U. S.— Guen. noct. I, 268. C. B. M. noct. 328.
patula Doubled.— Rocky Mtns.— C. B. M. noct. 329.
haesitans Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. noct. 329.
incallida Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. noct. 330.
perlentans Doubled.— N. Y.— C. B. M. noct. 332.
finnica Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. I, 270. C. B. M. noct. 311.
venerabilis Doubled. — Nov. Scot. — C. B. M. noct. 328.
orophila Hiibn.— Mex.— Hitbn. exot. V, 7, 405. C. B. M. noct. 736.
imperita Hiibn.— Labr.— Hiibn. exot. Ill, 16, 221. C. B. M. noct. 333.
decerneiis Doubled. — St. Dom. — C. B. M. noct. 333.
radix Doubled.— Nov. Scot.— C. B. M. noct. 3324
mollis Doubled.— Nov. Scot.— C. B. M. noct. 331.
divergens Doubled. — Nov. Scot. — C. B. M. noct. 327.
repleta Doubled. — Mex. — C. B. M. noct. 736.
emittens Doubled. — Mex.-'-C. B. M. noct. 737.
subterranea Fab.— St. Thos.— Guen. noct. I, 268.

Ypsia Guenee.

aeruginosa Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 17. C. B. M. noct. 1074.
undularis Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. Ill, 18. C. B. M. noct. 1074.

Anthracia Hbnr.

squamularis Drury. — N. Am. — Drury II, 18, pi. 9.

coracias Guen. — Ga.— Guen. noct. Ill, 19. C. B. M. noct. 1075.

cornix Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 19. C. B. M. noct. 1075.

NOCTUADAE. 43

Campometra Guenee.
amella Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 25.

Hypograitaiiia Guenee.
andromedae Guen.— Ga.— Guen. noct. Ill, 36. C. B. M. noct. 1095.

Lophoptera? Guenee.
pygmaea Hiibn.— Ga.— Hiibn. exot. I, 21, 55, f. 109. C. B. M. 1133.

Allolria Hiibner.
elonympha Goien.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 37. Hbnr. Zutr. 11, f. 29.

Panula Guenee.

inconstans Guen.— N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 59. C. B. M. 1144.
remigipila Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. Ill, 60. C. B. M. 1144.

Boiina Dup.

jucunda Hiibn. exot. I, 17, 41, f. 81. cinis Guen. noct. Ill, 62. C. B. M.
limitaris Guen.— Mex.— Guen. noct. Ill, 70. C. B. M. 1440. [1145.

nigrobasis Guen. — Mex.— Guen. noct. Ill, 65. C. B. M. 1146.
fasciolaris Hiibn.— St. Dom.— Hiibn. exot. Ill, 15, 223, f. 443. fascicularis

Guen. noct. Ill, 63. C. B. M. 1147.

januaris Guen.— Hayti.— Guen. noct. Ill, 67. C. B. M. 1149.
russaris Guen.— St. Dom.— Guen. noct. Ill, 69. C. B. M. 1149.
cunearis Guen. — Cuba. — Guen. noct. Ill, 70. C. B. M. 1150.
novanda Guen.— Jam.— Guen. noct. Ill, 64. C. B. M. 1150.
perpendicularis Guen.— Jam.— Guen. noct. Ill, 65. C. B. M. 1151.
heliothoides Guen.— St. Dom.— Guen. noct. Ill, 68. C. B. M. 1151.
ochrodes Gueii.— St. Dom.— Guen. noct. Ill, 64. C. B. M. 1151.
terminifera Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1151.
lucigera Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1152.
strigifera Doubled.— St. Dom. — C. B. M. 1152.
glaucipennis Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1153.
parens Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1154.
excavans Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1154.
bistriga Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1155.
bivittata Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1156.
subtilis Doubled.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1156.
confirmans Doubled. — St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1157.
umbrosa Doubled. — St. Dom.— C. B. M. 1158.

Syneda Guenee.

limbolaris Geyer.— Ga.— Geyer Zutr. 23, 345, f. 689. Guen. noct. Ill 71.

C. B. M. 1168.
graphica Hiibu.—Ga.— Hiibn. exot. I, 8, 6, f. 11. Guen. noct. Ill 71. C.

B. M. 1168.

44 NOCTUADAE.

Partlieiios Hbnr.

nubilis Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. exot. II, f. 3. Guen. noct. Ill, 80. C. B.
M. 1179.

Drasteria Hbnr.

convalescens Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 289.
•yf^erechthea Guen.— U. S.— Guen. uoct. Ill, 289.
erichto Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 289.
? horrida Hiibn.— Ga.— Hiibu. Zutr. I, 11, 16, f. 3. C. B. M. 1357.

Guenee.
orthosioides Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 296.

Poapliila Guenee.

deleta Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 300. C. B. M. 1369.
sylvarum Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 300. C. B. M. 1369.
quadrifilaris Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. exot. 37, f. 569. Guen. noct. Ill, 300.

C. B. M. 1369.

erasa Guen.— N. Ana.— Guen. noct. Ill, 301. C. B. M. 1370.
herbicola Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. Ill, 302. C. B. M. 1370.
contempta Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 302.

flavistriaris Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hiibn. Zutr. f. 555. Guen. noct. Ill, 302.
perplexa Hiibn.— N. Am.— Hiibn. Zutr. f. 555. Guen. noct. Ill, 302. C.

B. M. 1371.
bistrigata Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. Zutr. III. Guen. noct. Ill, 303. C. B.

M. 1371.

herbarum Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. noct. Ill, 303. C. B. M. 1371.
patibilis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1372.
revoluta Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1372.
ingenua Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. 1373.
obversa Doubled.— Ga.— C. B. M. 1373.
amplissima Doubled. — Flor.— C. B. M. 1374.
porrigens Doubled.— Flor.— C. B. M. 1374.
narrata Doubled.— Flor.— C. B. M. 1375.
pacalis Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. Ill, 305. C. B. M. 1375.

Phurys Guenee.

vinculum Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. III. 305. C. B. M. 1375.

lima Guen. — Flor. — Guen. noct. Ill, 305.

perlata ftato.— N. Am. ?— Guen. noct. Ill, 305. C. B. M. 1380.

Caeiiurgia Guenee.
purgata Doubled.— Flor.— C. B. M. 1380.

Caliptcra Guenee.
frustulum Gu£n.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 308.

NOCTUADAE. 45

Guenee.
natatrix Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. Ill, 323.

Reilligia Guenee.

marcida Guen.— N. Am:— Guen. noct. Ill, 317. C. B. M. 1495.
disseverans Guen.— Flor.— Guen. noct. Ill, 324. C. B. M. 1495.

Panopoda Guenee.

rubric osta Guen. — N. Am. — Gueu. noct. Ill, 324. y- j[r! £f/?-ve«/-«' &~i -^t £•

roseicosta Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. Ill, 325.
carneicosta Gueu. — U. S. — Guen. noct. Ill, 325.
rufimargo Hiibn. — U. S. — Hiibn. exot. I, 13.

Mai-morinia Guenee.

/ epionoides Guen.— Ga.— Guen. noct. Ill, 371.
( geometrioides Guen. — Ga. — Guen. uoct. Ill, 371.

Div. DELTOIDES Latr.

Schrank.

X- baltimoralis Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. IV, 34.
madefactalis Guen. — U. S. — Guen. noct. IV, 35.
^ scabralis Fabr. — N. Am. — Gueu. noct. IV, 40.
erectalis Guen.— Pa.— Guen. noct. IV, 40.
edictalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. pt. 16, 1858, 28.
generalis Doubled.— Phila.—C. B. M. pt. 16, 1858, 29.
abalieiialis Doubled.— N. Y.— C. B. M. pt. 1C, 1858, 31.
manalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. pt. 16, 1858, 33.
deceptalis Doubled.— N. Y.— C. B. M. pt. 16, 1858, 30.
eductalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. pt. 16,' 1858, 35.
factiosalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. pt. 16, 1858, 37.
fallacialis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. pt. 16, 1858, 37-
habitalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. pt. 16, 1858, 39.

Rivula Guenee.
propinqualis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 49.

SSermisiia Latr.

morbidalis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 56.
pedipilalis Gueu.— N. Am.— Gneu. noct. IV, 57.
cruralis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 58.
•f- jacchusalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 104.
protumnusalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 104.
eumelusalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 105.

46 PYRALIDAE.

cloniosalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 105.
pyramusalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. ]6, 1858) 106.
phalerosalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 107.
salusalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 107.
heliusalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 108.
clitoralis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 108.
thrasalis Doubled,— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 109.

. Vvflk? t4- 1 ks ,<2,^ / oor- '

Bleptina Guenee.

caradrinalis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 67.
suviectalis Doubled.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858), 241.

Helia Guenee. PyrallS Treitsch.

phaealis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 76.
americalis Guen. — N. Am. — Gueii. noct. IV, 78.
aemularis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 78.
lituralis Guen. — Ga. — Guen. noct. IV, 78.

Renia Guenee.
discoloralis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 82.

Clanyma Guenee.

angularis Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hiibn. Saminl. 107. Guen. noct. IV, 95.
asopialis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 96.

II or 111 is a Walk.
absorptalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 74.

Fam. PYRALIDAE Guenee.

Pliacelllira Guilding, (Hald., emend.)

hyalinatalis Linn.— Jam.— Walk. B. M. C. Pyral. 510.

immaculalis Guen.— U. S.— Guen. Delt. et Pyral. 297, 303.

nitidalis Cram.— U. S.— Cram. Tap. Exot. IV, 160. B. M. C. Pyral. 511.

Pyralis Linn.

olinalis Guen.— N. Am. ?— Guen. noct. IV, 118.
¥ farinalis Harr.— U. S.— Ins. Mass., 2d ed. 371.
decoralis Hiibn. — U. S. — Hiibn. Zutr. 18, fig. 91.
octralis Hiibn. — U. S. — Hiibn. Zutr. 18, fig. 95.
pussilalis Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. Zutr. 28, fig. 167.
nummulalis Hiibr.— U. S. — Hiibn. Zutr. fig. 185.
perstrialis Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. Zutr. fig. 457.
pantheralis Hiibn. — U. S. — Hubn. Zutr. fig. 673.
bistrialis Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. Zutr. fig. 775.

PYRALIDAE. 47

A gl oss a Latr.

domalis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 128.
^j pinguinalis Harr. — U. S. — Ins. Mass. 343, 2d ed. 371.

Rhodaria Guenee. Botys Herr. Schaef.
phoenicialis Hiibn. — N. Am.— Hiibn. Zutr. 115. Guen. noct. IV, 173.

Ilerbllla Guenee. Botys Herr. Scliaef.
subsequalis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 177.

Desmia Westw.

maculalis Westw. — N. Am. — Mag. de Zool. 1832, pi. 2. Guen. noct. IV,

189.

(Westw. cites Botys bicolor (Swains. Zool. Ill, 77) as the probable £>
of this species.)

Samoa Guenee.

ecclesialis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 194.
castellalis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 195.
ebulealis Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 196.
huronalis Gueu. — Canada. — Guen. noct. IV, 198.

Asopia Treitsch.
bicoloralis Guen.— N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 205.

Ilyalca Guenee.
dividalis Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. Zutr. 779. Guen. noct. IV, 207.

Agatliodes Guenee.

monstralis Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 209.
designalis Gueu.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 209.

Isopteryx Guenee.

aplicalis Gue"n.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 229.
mag^lis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 230.
stemalis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 231.

Stenia Gueuee.
ranalis Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 243.

Parthenodes Guenee.
xantholeucalis Guen.— Ga. — Guen. noct. IV, 253.

Spilomela Guenee.
platinalis Gueu.— Missouri.— Guen. noct. IV, 282.

48 PYRALIDAE.

Clinioides Guenee.
opalalis Gueu.— N. Am.— Guen. iioct. IV, 301. B. M. C. Pyral. 518.

Margaronia Hiibn. Margarodcs Gueuee.
quadristigmalis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 304.

Doryodes Walk.
acutalis Doubled.— U. S.— C. B. M. (pt. 16, 1858) 73.

• - ; '

Bofys Latr.

ponderalis Guen.— N. Am. ?— Guen. noct. IV, 328. C. B. M. Pyral. 561.

oxydalis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 328. C. B. M. Pyral. 561.

flavidalis Guen.— N. Am. ?— Guen. noct. IV, 329. C. B. M. Pyral. 562.

extricalis Guen.— N. Am. ?— Guen. noct. IV, 338. C. B. M. Pyral. 562.

argyralis Hiibn.— N. Am.— Hiibn. Zutr. 113. Guen. noct. IV, 341.

theseusalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. 562.

siriusalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. 563.

licealis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. 563.

mysippusalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. 564.

periusalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. 564.

arsaltealis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. 564.

thymetusalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. 565.

eeglealis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. "565.

scyllaris Walk.— Hex.— C. B. M. Pyral. 566.

oedipodalis Guen.— W. I.— C. B. M. Pyral. 569.

xanthialis Guen.— Cuba.— C. B. M. Pyral. 569.

campalis Guen.— W. I.— C. B. M. Pyral. 570.

cubanalis Guen. — Cuba.— C. B. M. Pyral. 570.

gastralis Guen.— Haiti.— C. B. M. Pyral. 570.

marialis Poey.— Cuba.— C. B. M. Pyral. 571.

vecordalis Guen.— Haiti.— C. B. M. Pyral. 571.

delimitalis Guen.— Haiti.— C. B. M. Pyral. 571.

ostrealis Guen.— W. I.— C. B. M. Pyral. 572.

detritalis Guen.— W. I.— C. B. M. Pyral. 572.

lycialis Walk.— W. I.— C. B. M. Pyral. 572.

dryalis Walk.— St. Com.— C. B. M. Pyral. 573.

hecalialis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pyral. 573.

helcitalis Walk.— W. I.— C. B. M. Pyral. 574.

agavealis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pyral. 574.

peleusalis Walk.— St. Dorn.— C. B. M. Pyral. 575.

jasonalis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pyral. 575.

eurytalis Walk. — W. I. — C. B. M. Pyral. 576.

glaucusalis Walk.— Jam.— C. B. M. Pyral. 576.

philinoralis Walk.— Jam.— C. B. M. Pyral. 577.

gealis Walk.— Jam.— C. B. M. Pyral. 578.

eratalis Walk.— Jam.— C. B. M. Pyral. 578.

PYRALIDAE. 49

creonalis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pyral. 579.
vestalis Walk.— Jam.— C. B. M. Pyral. 579.
pyrinealis Walk.— St. Doni.— C. B. M. Pyral. 580.
gnomalis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pyral. 580.
? ceresalis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pyral. 581.
? ccecilialis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pyral. 581.
? thalialis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pyral. 582.
?belusalis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pyral. 582.

Ebulea Guenee. Botys Latr.

fumalis Guen. — Ga. — Guen. noct. IV, 358, 430.
tertialis Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. noct. IV, 364, 446.
murcialis Walk.— St. Dorn.— C. B. M. Pyral. 746.

llomopliysa Guenee.

glaphyralis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 366.

sesquistrialis Hiibn. — Pa. — Hlibn. Zutr. 369. Guen. noct. IV, 366.

Pionea Guenee.

rimosalis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 371. C. B. M. Pyral. 756.
scripturalis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. 373, 476. C. B. M. Pyral. 757.
eunusalis Walk.— N. Am.— C. B. M. Pyral. 756.
helvalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. 757.
dionalis Walk.— N. Scotia.— C. B. M. Pyral. 758.

Asciodes Guenee.
internitalis Guen. — Haiti. — Guen. noct. 375.

SpilOdes Guenee.

? nisceecalis Walk.— N. Scotia.— C. B. M. Pyral. 771.
helvialis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pyral. 772.

Scopula Sclir.

illibalis Hiibn. U. S.— Hiibn. Zutr. 95. Guen. noct. IV, 395,
rubigalis Guen.— U. S.— Guen. noct. IV, 398.
orasusalis Walk.— N. Scot.— C. B. M. 784.
nestusalis Walk.— N. Scot.— C. B. M. 784.
thoonalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. 785.
diotimealis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. 785.

JVyniplsuBa Sclir.
similalis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 403.

Mecyna Guenee.

reversalis Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. noct. IV, 409.
4

5 0 PYRALIDAE — TORTRICIDAE — TINEADAE.

Galleria Fabr.
cereana Fabr.— U. S.— Harr. Ins. Mass. 357, 2d ed. 384.

Earn. TORTRICIDAE.

Loxotaenia Steph.

y rosaceana Harr.— U. S.— Harr. Ins. Mass. 348, 2d ed. 376. Fitch, Tr.

N. Y. Agr. Soc. XVI, 346.
cerasivorana Fitch.— N. Y.— Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XVI, 382.

Tortrix Treitschke.

sartena Hiibn. — U. S. — Htibn. Zeutr.
circulavia Hiibn. — U. S. — Hiibn. f. 363.
tubercularia Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. f. 733.
lasciva Hiibn.— U. S.— Hubn. f. 733.
malana Fitch.— U. S.— Fitch, 3d Rep. 40.
triquetrana Fitch. — U. S. — Fitch, 2d Rep. 244.

r 0 &sfa6 &-** Jf^^i fa-**

V_ _ I nail—

pomonella Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Ins. Mass. 351, 2d ed. 379 (Carpocapsa).
oculana Harr. — U. S. — Harr. Ins. Mass. 2d ed. 377.

Argyrolepia Steph.
quercifoliana Fitch. — U. S. — Fitch, Fifth Report, p. 46.

Croesia Hiibuer.
persicana Fitch.— N. Y.— Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XVI, 357.

Epbippipliora Duponchel.
caryaiia Fitch.— Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XVI, 459.

Fam. TINEADAE.

Tetraloplia Zeller.

militella Zeller.— Car.— Zeller, Isis, 1848, 880.
robustella Zeller.— Ga.— Zeller, Isis, 1848, 881.

ApIlOUlia Hiibner.
terenella Zell.— Ga.— Zell. Isis, 1848, 857.

MycloiS Hiibner.

indiginella Zell.— N. Am.— Zell. Isis, .1848, 857.
exulella Zell.— N. Am.— Zell. Isis, 1848, 857.

TINEADAE.

Pempelia Hiibner.

lignosella Zell.— N. Am.— Zell. Isis, 1848, 857.
petrella Zell.— N. Am.— Zell. Isis, 1848, 857.

Anacampsis Curtis.
robiniella Fitch.— 5th Rep. N. Y. Apr. 1858, p. 834.

Cerostoma Latr.
brassicella Fitch.— U. S.— Fitch, Nox. Ins. N. Y. 170.

Argyromyges Stephens.

quercifolieUa Fitch.— N. Y.— Fifth Rep. N. Y. Agr. Soc. 1S58, 827.
quercialbella Fitch.— N. Y.— Fifth Rep. N. Y. Agr. Soc. 1858, 828.
pseudacaciella Fitch.— N. Y.— Fifth Rep. N. A. Agr. Soc. 1858, 836.
morrisella Fitch.— N. Y.— Fifth Rep. N. Y. Agr. Soc. 1858, 838.
uhlerella Fitch.— N. Y.— Fifth Rep. N. Y. Agr. Soc. 1858, 838.
ostensackella Fitch.— N. Y.— Fifth Rep. N. Y. Agr. Soc. 1858, 838.

Tinea Fabricius.

biflavimaculella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Sept. 1859,

257.

dorsistrigella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 258.
crocicapitella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 258.
carnariella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 258.
lanariella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 258.
nubilipennella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 259.
variatella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 259.
ligulella Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. f. 143.
zeae Fitch.— U. S.— Fitch, 2d Rep. 320. Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XV, 552.

Xylestilia Clemens.

pruniraniiella Clemens.— Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Sept. 1859,
259.

Amydria Clemens.
effrenatella Clemens.— Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Sept. 1859, 260.

Anaphora Clemens.

plumifrontella Clemens.— Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Sept. 1859,

261.

popeanella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 261.
arcanella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 261.

Inctirvaria Haworth.

russatella Clemens.— Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jauy. 1860, 5.
acerifoliella Fitch.— N. Y.—Ornix acerifoliella Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. II,
272. Clemens, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany. 1860, 5.

52 TINE AD AE.

Bracbytaenia Steph. MS.
malana Fitch.— N. Y.— Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XV, 473.

Plutella Schrank.

vigilaciella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany. 1860, 5.
limbipennella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 6. Cerostoma brassicella ?

Fitch, Rep. I, 170—5.
mollipedella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 6.

Hypoiiomeuta Zeller.

multipunctella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany.
1860, 8.

Eudarcia Clemens.

simulatricella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany. 1860,
11.

Cbaetocbilus* Stephens.

pometellus Harris.— N. Y.— Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. II, 229.

malifoliellus Fitch.— N. Y.— Loc. cit. 232 ; Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XV, 463.

contubernalellus Fitch. — N. Y. — Loc. cit. 233.

trimaculellus Fitch. — N. Y. — Loc. cit. 233.

ventrellus Fitch.— N. Y.— Loc. cit. 234 ; Tr. Agr. Soc. XV, 466.

Argyresthia Hiibner.
oreasella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany. 1860, 7.

Gracilarfa Zeller.
superbifroiitella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany.

1860, 6.

fulgidella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 6.
venustella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 6.
strigifinitella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 7.
violaceella Clemens. — Peun. — Loc. cit. 7.

Omix Treitschke.

trepidella Clemens.— Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany. 1860, 7.
festinella Clemens. — Penii. — Loc. cit. 7.
crataegifoliella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 8.

acerifoliella Fitch.— U. S^— Fitch, 2d Rep. 269 ; Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XV,
501.

Cosnaopteryxl Hiibner.
gemmiferella Clemens. — Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 10.

* This genus is no longer recognized. The individuals formerly included under it are
now found chiefly under the genus Cerostoma. The above species, however, do not belong
to the latter genus.

TINEADAE — LITHOCOLLETIDAE. 53

Bedellia? Stainton.

? staintoniella Clemens.— Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany.
1860, 8.

Cosmiotes Clemens.

iUectella Clemens.— Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany. 1860, 9.
maculosella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 9.
madarella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 9.

Coleopliora Zeller.

laticornella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany. 1860, 5.
coenosipennella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 5.
infuscatella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 5.
cretaticostella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 5.
coruscipennella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 4.

Diachorisia Clemens,
velatella Clemens.— Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany. I860, 13.

Fam. LITHOCOLLETIDAE.

Litliocolletis Zeller.

lucidicostella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Nov. 1859,

319.

robiniella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 319.
desmodiella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 320.
aeriferella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 320.
basistrigella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 321.
argentifimbriella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 321.
obscuricostella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 321.
ostryaefoliella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 322.
lucetiella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 322.
obstrictella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 322.
caryaefoliella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 323.
aceriella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 323.
guttifinitella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 324.
crataegella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 324.
hamadryadella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 324.
argentinotella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 325.

Tisclieria Zeller.

Solidagonifoliella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Nov.

1859, 326.

Zelleriella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 326.
citriuipemiella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 326.

5 4 LTTHOCOLLETIDAE — PTEROPHORIDAE — TJR APTERYD AE.

Pliyllociiistis Zeller.
vitigenella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. PMla. Nov. 1859, 327.

Leucantliiza Clemens.

amphicarpeaefoliella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Nov

1859, 328.

Bucculatrix? Zeller.
? coronatella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany. 1860, 12.

Antispila Herrich-Schaffer, Frey.

nyssaefoliella Clemens.— Penn.— Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. Jan. 1860,11.
cornifoliella Clemens. — Penn. — Loc. cit. 11.

Aspidisca Clemens.

splendoriferella Clemens. — Penn. — Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jany.

1860, 12.

Fain. PTEROPHORID.E.

Pterophorus Geoffr.

periscelidactylus Fitch. — U. S. — Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. I, 149.
lobidactylus Fitch.— U. S.— Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. I, 143.
tenuidactylus Fitch. — U. S. — Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. I, 144.
cineridactylus Fitch. — U. S. — Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. I, 144.
marginida stylus Fitch. — U. S. — Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. I, 144.
nebulaedactylus Fitch. — U. S. — Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. I, 145.
naevosidactylu3 Fitch. — U. S. — Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. I, 145.
cretidactylus Fitch.— U. S.— Fitch, Nox. Ins. Rep. I, 145.

Fain. URAPTERYDAE. Phalenites Gn. (Geometra Linn.)

CSioerodes Guenee.

incurvata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 37, pi. 3, f. 2.
if transversata Dru. — N. Am. — Dru. I, pi. 8, f. 2. Guen. IX, 38.
goniata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 38.

Eutrapea Hbnr.

clemataria Hiibn.— U. S.— Hiibn. Samml. exot. Sm. Abb. II, 201, pi. 101,

Guen. IX, 47.
ephyrata Guen. — Guadaloupe. — Guen. IX, 69.

Acrosemia Herr. Sch.
decurtaria Herr. Sch. — N. Am. — Herr. Sch. Neu. exot. f. 481.

ENNOMIDAE. 55

Fam. ENNOMIDAE.

Apicia Guene"e

spinetaria Guen. — N. Ain. — Guen. IX, 85.
juncturaria Guen. — N. Am.? — Guen. IX, 88.

Mici'O§ema Her. Sch.
latistrigaria Herr. Sch. — N. Am. — Herr. Sch. Neu. exot. f. 482.

Hemioptisis Her. Sch.
drapenularia Herr. Sch. — N. Am. — Herr. Sch. Neu. exot. f. 480.

Guenee. s\

armataria Herr. Sch.— N. Y.— Herr. Sch. Schm. exot. 373. Guen. IX, 91. A

Epione Dup.
serinaria Herr. Sch. — U. S. — Herr. Sch. Schm. exot. 365. Guen. IX, 99.

Sicya Guenee.

solfataria Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. IX, 104.

sublimaria Harr. — N. Y. — macularia Harr. Agass. Lake Sup. 392.

truncataria Guen. — Can. — Guen. IX, 104.

Angerona Dup.
crocaotaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 114. citrinaria Hbnr. Zutr. 499.

A Bljperetis Guenee.

nyssaria Guen.— U. S.— Guen. IX, 118.

exsinuaria Guen.— U. S.— Guen. IX, 118.

amicaria Herr. Sch.— U. S.— Herr. Sch. Schm. exot. 361. Guen. IX, 118.

insinuaria Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. IX, 119.

persinuaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 119.

subsinuaria Guen.— U. S.— Guen. IX, 119.

alienaria Herr. Sch.— U. S.— Herr. Sch. Schm. 364. Guen. IX, 120.

Nematocampa Guenee.
filamentaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 121, pi. 5, f. 1.

Eudropia Guenee.

pectinaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 123.

obtusaria Hiibn.— N. Am.— Hiibnr. Europ. Schm. 390. Guen. IX, 123.

amoenaria Guen.— N. Am. — Guen. IX, 124, pi. 3, f. 8.

56 ENNOMIDAE.

hypochraria H. Sch.— N. Am.— H. Sch. Schm. exot. 207, 8. Guen. IX, 125.
refractaria Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. IX, 125.
lateritiaria Guen.— N. Am. — Guen. IX, 125.
tigrinaria Guen. — Can. — Guen. IX, 123.

Metrocampa Latr.

praegrandaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 128.
™,L. perlata Guen.— N. Am. — Guen. IX, 128.

Ellopia Treitsch.

pultaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 131.
?placeraria Gueu. — Cal. — Guen. IX, 131.
fervidaria Hiibn.— Ga.— Hub. Zutr. 409. Guen. IX, 132.
fiscellaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 133.
> flagitiaria Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. IX, 133.

Caberotles Guenee.

X metrocamparia Guen. — N. Am,. — Guen. IX, 137.
remissaria Guen. — Pa. — Guen. IX, 137.
imbraria Guen. — Pa. — Guen. IX, 137.
superaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 138.
majoraria Guen. — N. Am. — Gtien. IX, 138.
-f- ineffusaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 138.

floridaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 139.
& phasianaria Guen.— Md.— Guen. IX, 140, pi. 3, f. 10.
interlinearia Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. IX, 140.

Tetracis Guenee.

^ crocallata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 141.
aspilatata Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. IX, 141.
aegrotata Guen. — Cal. — Guen. IX, 141.
truxaliata Guen.— Cal.— Guen. IX, 142, pi. 20, f. 9.

Ewrymene Dup. Eimomos Boisd. Treitsch.

emargataria Guen. — N. Am. — Gueu. IX, 145. fervidaria Herr. Sell. exot.
phlogosaria Guen. — Can. — Guen. IX, 146. [203.

alcoolaria Guen. — Can. — Guen. IX, 146.

Metanema Guenee.

Vx a.i.0 Y» *£'£. ' forficaria Guen.— Cal.— Guen. IX, 172.

quercivoraria Gueu. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 172.

Eiinonios Treitsch. Eugenia Hbn. Herr. Sch.

y magnaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 175.

y. subsiguaria Hubn. — N. Am. — Hiibnr. exot. Ill, A. i. Guen. IX, 181.

AMPHIDASYDAE — BOARM1DAE. 57

Fam. AMPHIDASYDAE.

Ceratonyx Guenee.
satanaria Guen.— Ga.— Guen. IX, 194, pi. 2, f. 2.

Aliiipliidijsys Treitsch. GSist«»ii Leach. Herr. Sch.

quernaria Srn.— Ga.— Sm. Abb. II, 205, pi. 103. Guen. IX, 207.
cognataria Guen. — N. Ana. — Guen. IX, 208.

Earn. BOARMIDAE.

Ilemeropliila Steph. Boarmia Dup. Herr. Schaef.
unitaria Herr.— N. Am.— Herr. Schaef. exot. 204. Guen. IX, 219.

Synopsia Hiibn. Roarmia Auct.
phigaliaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 225, pi. 4, f. 1.

Boarinia Treits.

pampinaria Guen. — U. S. — Guen. IX, 245.

clivinaria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. IX, 245.

frugaliaria Guen.— Ga.— Guen. IX, 246.

humaria Guen. — Ga. — Guen. IX, 246.

intraria Guen.— Md.— Guen. IX, 246.

defectaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 248.

sublunaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 248.

titearia Cram.— Va.— Cram. 275, c. Guen. IX, 248.

gnopharia Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 251, pi. 5, f. 10.

umbrosaria Guen. — Ga. — Guen. IX, 251. Hiibn. exot. VI, Aa.

porcelaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 252.

larvaria Guen.— Can.— Guen. IX, 247.

canadaria Guen. — Can. — Guen. IX, 263.

Teplirosia Boisd. Ectropis Hiibn.
cribrataria Gueu. — Ga. — Guen. IX, 260, pi. 3, f. 9.

Parapliia Guenee.

deplauaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 272.
subatomaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 272.
nubecularia Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 273.

Broiiclielia Guenee.

hortaria Guen.— U. S.— Guen. IX, 289. Hiibn. 153. liriodendraria Sm.

Abb. II, 203, pi. 102.
dendraria Guen.— U. S.— Guen. IX, 289.

58 GEOMETRIDAE — PALYADAE.

Steiiotraclielys Guenee.
approximaria Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hbn. exot. VI, B— a. Guen. IX, 290.

Guenee.
pyrolaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 324.

Fam. GEOMETRIDAE,

Geometra Linn.

iridaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 344.

siccifolia Fitch.— N.'Y.—Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XVI, 381.

Nemoria Hiibn. Geometra Alior.

? pistasciaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 348.
chloroleucaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 351.
faseolaria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. IX, 351.

lodiS Hiibn.
euchloraria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 355.

Dyspteris Hiibn.
abortivaria Herr. Sch.— Ohio.— Herr. Sch. exot. 346. Guen. IX, 363.

Raclieospila Guenee.
lixaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 374.

Synclilora Gueuee.
liquoraria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. IX, 375.

Oporatoia Stephens.
dilutata Schieferm.— N. Y.— Fitch, Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. 1858, 344.

Aplodes Guenee.

mimosaria Guen. — Ga. — Guen. IX, 377. aerata Fab. Sup. 238.
glaucaria Guen.— Ga. — Guen. IX, 377.

Fain. PALYADAE.

Byssodes Guenee.

argentata Drur. — Jam. — Drur. II, 25, pi. 14.
privignaria Guen. — Martinique. — Guen. IX, 401.

EPHYRADAE — ACIDALIDAE — CABERADAE. 5 9

Fam. EPHYRADAE.

IV 11 Illi a Guenee.
terebintharia Guen.— Hayti.— Guen. IX, 403.

Epliyra Dup. Zoiiosoma Herr. Sch.

culicaria Guen.— Ga.— Guen. IX, 407.
myrtaria Guen.— N. Am. — Guen. IX, 408.
pendulinaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 414.
rudimentaria Guen. — Hayti. — Guen. IX, 407.

Fam. ACIDALIDAE.

-f. Aciclafia Treitsch.

magnetaria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. IX, 450.

sideraria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. IX. 451.

demissaria Hiibn. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 466.

insularia Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 469.

placidaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 4b'9.

pannaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 470.

liepaticaria Guen.— N. Am. — Guen. IX, 471.

laevitaria Hiibn.— N. Am.— Hbr. Zutr. 873. Guen. IX, 471.

sublataria Gueu. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 474.

ossularia Guen. — Pa.— Guen. IX, 475.

temnaria Guen. — N. Am. — Gueu. IX, 476.

myrmidonata Guen. — N. Am. — Gueu. IX, 487. lautaria? — Hiibn. Zut.

539.

purata Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 488, pi. 7, f. 6.
lumenaria Hiibn.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 488. Hiibn. Zutr. 757-58.
inductata Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. IX, 494.
monogrammata Guen. — Hayti. — Guen. IX, 463.
umbilicata Fab.— Hayti.— Guen. IX, 504.

Timandra Dup. Ennomos Tr. Acidalia Herr. Sch.
viridipennaria Guen.— N. Am.— Gueu. X, 3.

Fam. CABERADAE.

Stesrania Gueuee. Cabera Treitsch.
pustularia Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. X, 49, pi. 17, f. 9.

Cabera Treitschke.
erythemaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. X, 56.

6 0 CABERADAE — MAC ARIDAE — FIDONIDAE.

Corycia Dup. IBapta Steph. Herr. Sch.

>f hermineata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 58.

albata Guen.— Ga.— Guen. X,58.
•f. vestaliata Guen. — N. Ana. — Guen. X, 59.

Fam. MACARIDAE.

A mi lap is Guenee.

triplipunctata Fitch.— 5th Rep. Tr. N. Y. Agr. Soc. 1858, 325.
unipunctata Haw. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 62.
nullaria Hiibn. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 63.

Macaria Curt.

+- distribuaria Hiibn.— N. Am.— Hiibn. Zut. 585. Guen. X, 76, pi. 4, f. 6
* -J- praeatomata Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. X, 76.
bicolorata Fab.— Va.— Guen. X, 77.
ocellinata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 85.
granitata Guen. — Pa. — Guen. X, 85.
coutemptata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 86

Elalia Dup.
marcescaria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 92.

Fain. FIDONIDAE

Teplirina Guenee. Fidonia Tr. Herr. Sch.

haliata Guen.— Cal.— Guen. X, 97.
muscariata Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 98.
neptaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 99.
giiophosaria Guen. — N. Y. — Guen. X, 99.
monicaria Guen. — Cal. — Gu6n. X, 100.
unicalcararia Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 100.
lorquinaria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 101.
sabularia Guen. — Cal. — Gueu. X, 105.
detersata Guen. — N. Am.— Guen. X, 105.

Psaniatodes Guenee.

eremiata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 109.
nicetaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. IX, 107.

FIDONIDAE. — ZERENIDAE. 61

Cycloniia Guenee.

mopsaria Guen. — Hayti.— Guen. X, 124.
iodaria Guen. — Hayti. — Guen. X, 124.
plagaria Guen.— Hayti. — Guen. X, 125.

Numeria Dup.

obfirmaria Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hiibn. exot. VI. Guen. X, 135.
hamaria Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 136.
fritillaria Guen.— U. S.— Guen. X, 136.
duaria Gueii. — Can. — Guen. X, 135.

Sclidosoma Led. Fidoiiia et Boorniia Herr. Sch.

juturnaria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 147, pi. 15, f. 9.
faeminaria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 149.

Fidonia Treitsch.
avuncularia Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 155.

Haeniatopis Hubn.

grataria Fab.— N. Am.— Guen. X, 171, pi. 19, f. 6. saniaria Hub. Zutr.
345.

Gorytodes Guenee.

uncaiiaria Guen.— Cal.— Guen. X, 180. Plataea californiaria Herr. Sch.
Neu. exot. f. 537.

Aspilaies Treitsch.

dissimilaria Hiibn.— Cal., N. Am.— Guen. X, 182.
coloraria Fab.— N. Am.— Guen. X, 183. accessaria Hiibner, exot. 503.
sigmaria Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. X, 184.

Fam. ZERENIDAE.

Pantberodes Hiibner.
unciaria Guen.— Mex.— Guen. X, 201.

Abraxi§ Leach.

?ribearia Fitch.— North. St.— Fitch Trans. Agricult. Soc. N, York VII.
Guen. X, 208.

62 LIGIADAE — LARENTIADAE.

Fam. LIGIADAE.
'Itrv jt ^-~~"

DorjOdeS Gueuee.

, fy^r acutaria Herr. Sch.— Ga.— Herr. Sch. Supp. 74, f. 417. Guen. X, 233, pi.

spadaria Guen.— Flor.— Guen. X, 234. [17, f. 6.

Fam. LARENTIADAE.

Larentia Treitsch. Oporabla Steph.

dilutata Auct. — N. Am. et Eur. — Auct. Fitch, Fifth Report.
implicata Guen.— Cal.— Guen. X, 284.

Eupitliecia Curtis.
subapicata Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 331.

LepiOdeS Guenee.
scolopacinaria Guen. — U. S. — Guen. X, 360.

Ypsipetes Steph.
pluviata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 378.

Melantliia Dup.
ruficillata Guen.— Can.— Guen. X, 382.

Melanippe Dup. Cidaria Tr., Herr. Sch.

•f" gothicata Guen.— N. Am.— Guen. X, 388.
•f ] lacustrata Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. X, 395.
intermediata Guen. — Pa. — Guen. X, 395.
iduata Guen.— Can.— Guen. X, 403.

Allticlea Guenee.
vasiliata Guen. — Can. — Guen. X, 407.

Coremia Guenfie. Cidaria Treitsch., Herr. Schaef.

convallaria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 410.
defensaria Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 411.
orthogrammaria Led. — Ga. — Guen. X, 417.
plebeculata Guen.— Cal. ?— Guen. X, 419.

Pliibalapteryx Steph. Larentia Treitsch
TC inteatinata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 432.

EUBOLIADAE — SIONADAE.

* Scotosia Steph. Larciitia Auct.

haesitata Guen.— Cal. — Guen. X, 444.
pannosata Guen. — Hayti. — Guen. X, 443.

Spargania Guenee.
magnoliata Guen. — Can. — Guen. X, 455.

Cidaria Treitsch.

mancipata Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 468.
diversilineata Hiibn. — N. Am. — Hiibn. Guen. X, 475.
gracilineata Guen. — N. Am. — Guen. X, 476.
immanata Haw. — Can. — Guen. X, 466. var. russata.

Fam. EUBOLIADAE.

Etibolia Dup.
custodiata Guen. — Cal. — Guen. X, 491.

Fam. SIONADAE.

Heterophleps Herr. Sch.
triguttaria Herr. Sch.— Pa.— Herr. Sch. exot. 202. Guen. X, 514.

Odezia Boisd.
albovittata Guen.— N. Y.— Guen. X, 520.

Anisopteryx Steph.

vernata Peck.— U. S.— Harr. Ins. Mass. 332, 2d ed. 359.
pometaria Harr.— U. S.— Harr. Ins. Mass. 333, 2d ed. 360.

nyberuia Latr.
tiliaria Harr.— U. S.— Harr. Ins. Mass. 342, 2d ed. 370.

APPENDIX.

The 17 — 18 number of Catalogue of Lepidoptera of the British Museum,
received as the present work is going through the press, contains the fol-
lowing additional species : —

Pyralidae.

Pyralis hyllalis Walk.— N. Am.— C. B. M. Ft. XVII, p. 265— p. 46 of

Catal.

Aglossa cuprealis Hiibn. — U. S., Eur. — Guen. Delt. et Pyral. 127.
Pyrausta orphisalis Walk.— Nova Scot.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 311.
Pyrausta erosnealis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 311.
Rhodaria nescalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 315.
Rhodaria flegialis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 316.
Rhodaria? ophionalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 316.
Ennychia glomeralis Walk.— Nov. Scot.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 331.
Desmia funeralis Hiibu. — U. S. — Guen. Delt. et Pyral. 189, 122 synonym.

of D. maculalis.

Desmia? janassialis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 337.
Samea elealis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 351.
Samea jarbusalis Walk.— St. Dorn.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 352.
Samea acestealis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 352.
Samea medealis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 353.
Asopia archasialis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 365.
Asopia dircealis Walk.— St. Dom.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 365.
Isopteryx? obliteralis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 399.
Isopteryx? leucothoalis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 400.
Olistogoma seminealis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 430.
Cataclysta lamialis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 436.
Cataclysta claudialis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 437.
Cataclysta? julianis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 438.
Paraponyx allionealis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 453.
Phalangioides seriualis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 468.
Phalangioides? negatilis Walk.— U. S.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 468.
Zebronia platinalis Guen.— Delt. et Pyral. 282, 277. C. B. M. Pt. XVII,

469.

Zebronia hedonialis Walk.— W. Ind.— C. B. M. Pt. XVII, 470.
Phakellura hyalinatalis Gn.— St. Dom.— Delt. et Pyral. 296, 302. C.

C. M. Pt. XVIII, 510.
Phakellura immaculalis Gn.— U. S.— Guen. Delt. et Pyral. 297, 303.

C. B. M. Pt. XVIII, 510.
Phakellura nitidalis Cram.— N. Am.— Guen. Delt. et Pyral. 299, 311.

C. B. M. Pt. XVIII, 511.

INDEX OF GENERA

Abraxis, 61
Abrostola, 35
Achatodes, 38
Acidalia, 59
Acontia, 33
Acronyeta, 26
Acrosemia, 54
Aegeria, 16
Aganisthos, 9
Agarista, 15
Agathodes, 47
Aglia, 21
Aglossa, 47, 64
Agnomonia, 33
Agraulis, 7
Agrophila, 35
Agrotis, 42
Alaria, 34
Allotria, 43
Alypia, 15
Ambulyx, 20
Arnilapis, 60
Amphidasys, 57
Amyclria, 51
Anaphora, 51
Anacampa, 51
Anarta, 35
Anartia, 9
Angerona, 55
Anisopteryx, 63
Anomis, 34
Anthoecia, 34
Anthocaris, 4
Anthraeia, 42
Anticlea, 62
Antispila, 54
Apamea, 30
Apantesis, 24
Apatela, 29
Apatura, 9
Aphomia, 50
Apicia, 55
Aplodes, 58
Arctia, 24
Arctonotus, 18
Argus, 12
Argynnis, 7
Argyresthia, 52
5

Argyromyges, 51
Argyrolepia, 50
Artaee, 22
Ascoides, 49
Asopia, 47, 64
Aspila, 35
Aspilates, 61
Aspidisca, 54
Attacus, 21

Bankia, 37
Basilodes, 36
Bedellia, 53
Bendis, 33
Bleptina, 40
Boarmia, 57
Bolina, 43
Botys, 48
Brachytaenia, 52
Bronchelia, 57
> Bryophila, 27
^ Brysodes, 59
Bucculatrix, 54

Cabera, 60
Caberodes, 5fi
Caenurgia, 44
Caliptera, 44
Calisto, 11
Calliinorpha, 25
CaUopistria, 35
Callydrias, 4
Caloeampa, 38
Calyptis, 35
Campometra, 42
Caradrina, 46
Cassandria, 38
Castnia, 14
Cataclysta, 64
Catocala, 32
Celaena, 39
Ceraraica, 41
Cerastis, 41
Ceratocampa, 22
Ceratomia, 20
Ceratonyx, 57
Cerostoma, 51
Cerura, 23

INDEX OF GENERA.

Chaetochilus, 52
Chamyris, 33
Chariptera, 37
Chionobas, 10
CMoridea, 35
Choerodes, 54
Choerocampa, 19
Chrysauge, 25
Cidaria, 63
Cirroedea, 30
Cissusa, 29
Clanyma, 32
Cliniodes, 48
Clisiocampa, 22
Clostera, 23
Coenonympha, 11
Coleophora, 53
Colias, 5
Corycia, 60
Cosmia. 30
Cosmiotes, 53
Cosinopteryx, 52
Cossus, 14
Crambodes, 42
Croesia, 50
Crymodes, 39
Cucullia, 41
Cyclomia, 61
Cyclopides, 13
Cymatophora, 26

Danais, 6
Darapsa, 19
Daremma, 20
Dasychira, 23
Datana, 22
Debis, 10
Deiliphila, 20
Deiopeia, 24 '^ t
Derrima, 35
Desinia, 47, 64
Diachorisia, 53
Dianthoecia, 30
Diphthera, 26
Doryodes, 48
Drasteria, 44
Dryocampa, 21
Dyopteris, 58

Ecpantheria, 25
Ellerna, 20
Ellopia, 56
Endropia, 55
Ennomis, 56
Ennychia, 64
Enyo, 18
Ephippiphora, 50
Epialus, 14
Epione, 55
Epunda, 38

Erastria36'»'"
Erebia, 10

Eriopus, 35
Eubolia, 49
Euclidia, 49
Eucyane, 25
Eudareia, 52
Eudule, 25
Eudryas, 23
Eupithecia, 62
Euplexia, 37
Eurois, 38
Eurymene, 56
Euterpe, 3
Eutropea, 54
Exelis, 58

Famila. 34
Fidonia, 61

Galgula, 37
Galleria, 50
Gastropacha, 22
Geometra, 58
Glaucopis, 16
Glottula, 29
Gnophria, 26
Goniloba, 13
Goniopteryx, 4
Gortyna, 28
Gorytodes, 61
Gracillaria, 52
Grarnmophora, 27
Grapiphora, 40
Grapta, 8

Hadena, 38
Halesidota, 26
Halia, 60
Haemotopsis, 61
Hapalia, 40
Hecatera, 37
Helia, 46
Heliophobus, 39
Heliconia, 6
Heliothis, 34
Hernicera, 36
Hemerophila, 57
Hemioptisis, 55
Herbula, 47
Herminea, 45
Hesperia, 14
Heterocampa, 22
Heterophleps, 63
Homophysa, 49
Hoinoptera, 31
Hoporina, 41
Hyalea, 47
Hybernia, 63
Hydroecia, 29
Hypena, 45
Hyponoineuta, 52
Hyperites, 55
Hypogramma, 43

INDEX OF GENERA.

Incurvaria, 51
Ingura, 32
Ino, 15
lodis, 58
Isogona, 45
Isopteryx, 47, 64
Ithomia, 6

Junonia, 8

Laphrygma, 39
Larentia, 6
Lemonias, 13
Lepidomys, 35
Lepiodes, 62
Lepipolys, 35
Leptalis, 3
Leptina, 29
Leptosia, 37
Letis, 31
Leucania, 28
Leucanthiza, 54
Libythea, 11
Licinia, 3
Limacodes, 15
Limenitis, 9
Lithoeolletis, 53
Lithosia, 26
Lophocarupa, 26
Lophoptera, 43
Loxotaenia, 50
Lycaena. H
Lycomorpha, 26
Lyssia, 44

Macaria, 60
Macroglossa, 17
Mamestra, 29
Margarodes, 48
Marmorina, 45
Marmotinia, 31
Mecyna, 49
Melanippe, 62
Melanthia, 62
Melitaea, 8
Mesogona, 30
Metanema, 56 —
Metrocampa, 56
Miana, 39
Micra, 37
Microcoelia, 28
Microseina, 55
Microphysa, 37
Monogona, 34
Monodes, 40
Morpheis, 9
Myclois, 50
Mythimna, 29

Naenia, 34
Nathalis, 4
Nemeophila, 25

Nemoria, 58
Nemetocampa, 55
Nephelodes, 38
Nerice, 23
Nisoniades, 13
Nonagria, 29
Notodonta, 22
Numeria, 61
Numia, 59
Nymphalis, 9
Nymphidia, 13
Nymphula, 49

Ochropleura, 41
Odezia, 63
Oeposanda, 20
Olistogoma, 64
Ophiusa, 33
Oporabia, 58
Orgyia, 23
Oria, 42
Ornix, 52
Orthodes, 30
Orthosia, 41

Pachylia, 19

Pamphila, 13

Panopoda, 45

Pantherodes, 61

Panula, 43

Paphia, 6

Papilio, 1

Paraponyx, 64

Parophia, 51

Parnassius, 3

Parthenos, 44

Parthenodes, 47

Pempelia. 50

Penthina, 50

Pergesa, 20

Perigea, 40

Perigonia, 47

Perophora, 15

Phacellura, 46, 64

Phaeocyma, 31

Phalangeoides, 64

Phibalopteryx, 62
Philampelus, 19-
Phlogophora, 37
Phragmatobia, 24
Phurys, 44
Phyllocnistis, 54
Pieris, 3
Pionea, 49
Placodes, 32
Plusia, 35
Plutella, 51
Poaphila, 44
Folia, 37
Polyommatus, 12
Polyphaenis, 37
Pontia, 3

INDEX OF GENERA.

Priocycln, 55
Procris, 15
Prodenia, 39
Proserpinus, 18
Psammatodes, 61
Pseudophia, 33
Pterogon, 18
Pterophorus, 54
Pygaera, 23
Pyrameis, 8
Pyralis, 46, 64
Pyrausta, 64

Racheospila, 58
Raphia, 37
Reinigia, 45
Renia, 46
Rbodaria, 47, 64
Rhoclocera, 4
Rhodophora, 34
Rivula, 45

Samea, 47, 64
Saturnia, 20
Satyrus, 10
Scoliocarapa, 38
Scoliopteryx, 34
Seopolosoraa, 41
Scopula, 49
Scotosia, 63
Selidosoma, 61
Sesia, 17
Siavana, 34
Siderone, 6
Sisya, 55
Smerinthus, 20
Spaelotes, 40
Spargania, 63
Sphinx, 18
Spilodes, 39
Spilomela, 47
Spilosoma, 24
Stegania, TrO •>'
Stenia, 47~
Stenotrachelys, 58

Synchloe, 6
Synchlora, 58
Syneda, 43
Synopsia, 57
Syricthus, 14

Taeniocampa, 41
Tanada, 23
Tephrina, 60
Tephrosia, 57
Terias, 5
Tetracis, 56
Tetralopha, 50
Thecla, 11
Therrnesia, 31
Thyatira, 26
Thyreus, 18
Thyris, 17
Thysidopteryx, 17
Timandra, 59
Tinea, 51
Tischeria, 53
Tortrix, 50
Trochilium, 16

Urania, 17
Vanessa, 8

Xanthia, 28
Xantliidia, 5
Xanthoptera, 37
Xestia, 41
Xylesthia, 51
Xylina, 40
Xylomyges, 39 •
Xylophasia, 30

Ypsia, 42
Ypsipites, 62
Yphthima, 10

Zebronia, 64
Zeuzera, 15

PUBLISHED BY THE

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
MAY, 1860.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. v

Vfi.

SYNOPSIS

OF TF1K DESC'RUiED

LEPIDOPTERA

NORTH AMERICA.

Part I— DIURNAL AND CREPUSCULAR LEPIDOPTERA.

>l *

COMPILED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

JOHN G. MORRIS,

WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

FEBRUARY, 1862.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE present " Synopsis of North American Lepidoptera" has
been compiled by the Rev. Dr. J. G. Morris, of Baltimore, at the
request of the Institution, to serve as a companion to the Cat-
alogue published in 1860. The work is necessarily incomplete,
claiming to be nothing more than a compilation of the published
descriptions of the species of the same order; but its publication
has been earnestly urged, as tending to facilitate a knowledge of
an order of insects of great economical importance.

Dr. Clemens, of Easton, Pa., has made a number of important
additions and corrections while the work was passing through the
press, besides furnishing an original Appendix.

The Institution is also under obligations to Dr. J. L. Leconte,
Prof. S. S. Haldeman, Mr. W. H. Edwards, and Dr. B. Clemens,
for assistance in correcting the proofs of the work.

JOSEPH HENRY,

Secretary S. I.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,

WASHINGTON, February, 1862.

ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION, OCTOBER, 1860.

PHILADELPHIA:
C O L L I >' .S , PRINTER.

PREFACE.

IT is a gratifying fact that the science of entomology is making
rapid progress in our country, and that so much has already been
accomplished by industrious students. There is an increasing
demand for books on this subject, but as yet none has been pub-
lished professing to describe all the species of any one order
of our insects. Admirable monographs of some families and
genera of Coleoptera have been published by Dr. Leconte and
others, and of our Sphingidse by Drs. Harris and Clemens. Other
entomologists, as Say, Melsheimer, Peale, Fitch, Ziegler, Halde-
man, Uhler, and a few others, have contributed essentially to the
discrimination of the species of various orders, but thus far no
more comprehensive work has been attempted. Dr. Harris's inval-
uable book on the insects of New England injurious to vegetation,
approaches the nearest to such a work of any that have appeared
in our country. The splendid and costly volume of Boisduval and
Leconte on our diurnal butterflies, published in Paris, 1833, has
never been finished, and contains but twenty-one genera and nine-
ty-three species. Foreign naturalists have described hundreds of
our species, but their descriptions are scattered through a number
of journals and other works not easily accessible to the American
student.

I have attempted in this work to bring together in as narrow a
compass as possible all our described Lepidoptera, embracing the
Rhopalocera and the first two tribes of the Heterocera. Thus all
our known diurnals, Sphinges and Bombyces, are included, down to
the Noctuidre proper. The latter will probably be taken up at some
future time. I have collected the descriptions from many different
authors, to whom due credit is given, but I have omitted some of
the references -to books, having given them in full in my catalogue

IV PREFACE.

of North American Lepidoptera, published by the Smithsonian
Institution, which students will, of course, consult, if they desire
to know the literature of the species. For the same reason, I
have also omitted the list of abbreviations.

With the generous permission of Dr. Clemens, of Easton, Pa.,
I have incorporated nearly the whole of his admirable synopsis of
North American Sphingida?, published in the Journal of the Aca-
demy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1859, only omitting some
minor details and the references to other authors. I have also
added his descriptions of Arctiidae, published in the Proceedings
of the Philadelphia Academy for Nov., 1859. He has himself
furnished an appendix containing many new and original views in
regard to the classification of our Lepidoptera, with descriptions
of genera and species.

In a supplement will be found a notice of such species as have
come to ray notice up to the present date, principally from the
publications of Mr. S. H. Scudder and Mr. Edwards. The
latter gentleman has also supplied some important rectifications of
synonymy.

I have inserted descriptions of what are deemed by some to be
distinct species, but which are regarded by others as mere varieties,
in order to give their authors an opportunity of being heard, and
that readers may conveniently compare them.

As regards the classification, I have chiefly adopted that of Dr.
Herrich-Schaeffer, of Ratisbon, with some modifications of Walker,
of the British Museum. No doubt, changes will hereafter be
found necessary.

J. G. MORRIS.

BALTIMORE, December, 1861.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Advertisement
Preface .

Table of Contents .
Introduction .

Definition of Lepidoptera

External Structure .

Head

Thorax .

Abdomen

Legs

Wings

Table of Families .
Description of Species, etc.
RHOPALOCERA .

PAPILIONIDAE .

PlERIDAE

DANAIDAE
HELICONIDAE
NYMPHALIDAE .

LlBYTHEIDAE

SATYKIDAE
LYCAENIDAE
ERYCINIDAE
HESPERIDAE
HETEROCERA .
EPIALIDAE
COSSIDAE .

CONCHILOPODIDAE

. xxi,

126

iii

ZYGAENIDAE

. xxi,

132

vii

GLAUCOPIDIDAE

. xxi,

133

./EGERIADAE

. xxii,

137

}ptera xiii

THYRIDAE

. xxii,

141

PSYCHIADAE

. xxii,

142

. xvii

SPHINGIDAE

. xxii,

143

. xvii

DREPANULIDAE .

. xxiv,

217

. xvii

SATURNIDAE

. xxiv,

219

. xvii

BOMBYCIDAE

. xxiv,

232

. xvii

NOTODONTIDAE .

. xxiv,

238

. xvii

ARCTIIDAE

. XXV,

248

tc. . 1

LlTHOSIIDAE . .

. XXV,

252

. xvii, 1

Appendix, by Dr. B. Clemens .

259

. xvii, 1

ZYGAENIDAE

u f

259

. xviii, 15

GLAUCOPODIDAE

262

. xviii, 36

)

CTENPCHIDAE .

. xxvi,

282

. xviii, 38

LYCOJIORPHIDAE

. xxvi,

288

. xix, 40

PERICOPIDAE

xxvii,

2!>3

. xix, 63

NYCTEMERIDAE .

xxvii,

296

. xix, 70

LlTHOSIIDAE

* •

299

. xx, 81

HYPSIDAE

306

. xx, 103

ARCTIIDAE

312

. xx, 105

. xx, 122

Supplement, by Dr. J.

G. Morris.

. xxi, 122

PlERIDAE .

• *

315

. xxi, 123

NYMPHALIDAE .

• *

324

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

SATYRIDAE

LYCAENIDAE

,/EGERIADAE

NOTODONTIDAE

AKCTIIDAE

327 Notes, by W. H. Edwards

328 Notes, by Dr. B. Clemens

330 ! Errata

336

Index of Genera

336 Index of Species

350
352
352
353
355

INTRODUCTION,

(FROM THE GERMAN OF V. HEINEMANN ' )

BUTTERFLIES are insects having six feet and membranous wings
covered with minute scales. They undergo a perfect transforma-
tion ; the caterpillar or larva, furnished with ten to eighteen feet, is
hatched from the egg, and after various moulting, is changed into
the pupa, from which after a longer or shorter period, the perfect
butterfly comes forth. It performs its destined office, the female
deposits her eggs and dies.

The butterfly consists of the body and members ; the former is

Fig. 2.

composed of head, thorax, and abdomen ; the members are the
feet and wings.

1 Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz. Systematise!!
bearbeitet von H. v. Heinemann. Braunschweig. 1859. F. Vieweg und
Sohii.

Till

INTRODUCTION.

HEAD, caput. Figs. 3 to 7.

The head is located in front of the thorax and separated from it,
in most instances, by a very indistinct segment. On both sides
are situated the large globular reticulated eyes, oculi, b ; between
them and above is the vertex, c ; in front is the from, d ; and be-
low at the end is the mouth, os. The orbits of the eyes, orbita, fig.
4, e, are often distinguished by color and the character of the
scales. Between the vertex and from are the feelers, antennce, a,
near the eyes, behind them at the orbita, or at a little distance from
them in many species, are two small, round, smooth elevations,
which are called simple eyes, ocelli, f.

The parts of the mouth are but little developed in butterflies.
The proboscis or tongue, lingua, g, is composed of the two lower
jaws (maxillae) grown together as a double tube and usually sepa-
rated only at the end, and which, for the most part, is corneous and
spiral. It is seldom absent, or consists only of two slender, soft
threads. Under the tongue are placed the two palpi, h, which are
three jointed ; above these in many nocturnal moths there are in
addition two palpuli, figs. 5 and 6, i. The palpi are of various

Fig. 5

•-. i

form and size, sometimes scarcely visible, sometimes as long as the
head and thorax together; the scales on the palpi are also of vari-
ous density; the second joint is usually the longest and most
densely scaled, the terminal joint is, for the most part, slender and
pointed, frequently setaceous.

INTRODUCTION.

The feelers (antenna) vary also in length; sometimes not ex-
ceeding the breadth of the head, and sometimes much longer than
the length of the body. They are filiform (thread-like) when the
shaft is of equal thickness throughout the length, fig. 8 ; setiform
(bristle shaped), when it becomes thinner towards the point, fig. 9;
fusiform (spindle shaped), when it is thickest in the middle and
thin at the root and point, fig. 10; clavate (club form), fig. 1, a,
when it gradually thickens towards the summit, and capitate (knob
form), fig. 11, when it suddenly enlarges at the end.

Tig-. 8. 9. 10. 11.

With regard to their covering, the antennas are either naked, or
finely or compactly ciliated, fig. 12, or furnished with two single
hairs on each segment, fig. 13, or tufted, fig. 14.

Fig. 12

Fig. 13.

The processes of the antenna? are either in the form of obtuse
pyramidal teeth, fig. 15, or serrate, fig. 16, or pectinate, fig. 18.

Pig. 15.

Fig- 16. Kg. 17. ]?ig. 18.

INTRODUCTION.

A comb-like or pectinate process from the under side of the anten-
nae is called lamellate, fig. 17. Frequently the processes themselves
are ciliated, the pectinations equal on both sides, and the pyra-
midal teeth usually furnished at their summit with short cilia3.

THORAX. Figs. 1, 2, k.

JTig. 20.

nid

The thorax in front, bears the head ; behind, the abdomen ; be-
neath, the legs, and on the sides, the wings; the fore part, collare,
1, and the shoulder-covers, scapulae, m, which cover the roots of
the wings, are often prominent. Besides this, the scales above often
form peculiar elevations.
i

ABDOMEN. Figs. 1, 2, n.

This consists of six to seven rings, the segments of which are
for the most part discernible under the scales. These segments
often have above, or on the sides or behind, tufts of hair.

LEGS, pedes. Figs. 2, 19.

There are three pairs of legs, pedes antici, A, pedes medii, B,
and pedes postici, C. They are composed of the coxa, by means
of which the leg is inserted into the body, o, the trochanter, p,
wh'ich unites the coxa and the femur, q; the tibia, r, and the feet,
tarsi, s. The tibiae have usually two spurs, calcares, t, at the end;
the hind tibiae often have two behind the middle, u ; the fore tibiae

INTRODUCTION.

occasionally have an eniargi nation on the inner side, the upper
edge of which is often prolonged into a spur, v.

WINGS, alee. Figs. 1, 20—28.

There are two pairs of wings, the fore wings, alts anteriores, fig.
20, and hind wings, alee posteriores, fig. 21, indifferently called pri-
maries and secondaries, or superiors and inferiors — sometimes rudi-
mentary or imperfect in the females, very seldom entirely wanting.
The primaries lie with their hind edge on the fore edge of the
secondaries, and cover the latter entirely in most of the nocturnal
moths when in a state of repose. The secondaries are often folded
together when at rest, and in that case usually have on the upper
edge near the root, a strong elastic, sometimes double hair or bris-
tle, which draws itself through a hook on the under side of the
primaries and serves to maintain or render more easy the expansion
of the secondaries. This is called the frennlum, fig. 21, fr. This
instrument is wanting in nearly all butterflies, which do not fold
the secondaries when at rest.

The wings have three edges or margins, the anterior margin,
maryo anterior, on the upper side, A, the interior margin, marao
interior, opposite the anterior, B, and the posterior margin or seam,
margo posterior or limb us, C, which is opposite the root of the
wing, basis, and binds the two other margins. The angle made

Kg. 20.

Tiff. 21.

nld

xii

INTRODUCTION.

by the anterior margin and the posterior, is called the anterior an-
gle, D, on the secondaries; on the primaries, this angle is called
the apex; the angle between the posterior and interior margins E,
is called the posterior angle on the primaries, and the anal angle on
the secondaries. In many of the Tineidae, the interior margin and
posterior angle are wanting, because the wings are very narrow
and lanceolate, the edge proceeding in a regular curve from the
apex to the base, figs. 27, 28.

The external limit or boundary of the wing is the Unea limbalis,
the scales extending beyond that are called the fringe, cilice, fig.
20, F. In some micro-lepidoptera, especially in those with narrow
wings, these cilice are hair form and very long, and often longer on
the secondaries than the breadth of the wing. A line of darker
shade, parallel with the margin, often runs through the fringe. The
margin is straight, rectus, when it proceeds in a straight direction ;
curved, when it forms a concave curve towards the base, fig. 20 ;
sinuate, when it makes a convex curve towards the base, fig. 24 ;
entire, when it forms an even, straight, curved or sinuate line, fig.
24 ; undulate, when it makes small rounded indentations, fig. 20 ;
dentate, when there are sharp, angular, closely connected, teeth-
like projections, fig. 21 ; cucidlate (hood shaped) when small,
rounded emarginations run into sharp angles toward the base, and
lobate, when these emarginations are larger, fig. 23.

. 22.

Fig. 23.

1'ig-. 24.

The wings themselves consist of a skin-like membrane which are
held in a state of expansion by the ribs or nerves, costce, running
across or through them. The structure and arrangement of these
costce are of great importance in the systematic division of butter-
flies, and hence a special description of this structure and the de-
termination of each costa are necessary, figs. 22 — 28. 1

1 [This nervular system of classification is of comparatively recent date,
and is not closely followed in the present work. — M.]

INTRODUCTION. Xlll

From the middle of the root of each wing two ribs proceed,
which usually are united in or behind the middle of the wing, by
an interrupted or curved short cross nerve q, thus inclosing a field
between it and the root or base. These are called the anterior
median nerve, also the subcostal, sc, and the posterior median, or
subdorsal, sd. From them and the cross nerve, a number of others
proceed which terminate on the anterior and posterior margins.
These are counted on the posterior margin from the posterior an-
gle toward the anterior angle and are designated by the numbers
2, 3, 4, &c. &c., without any regard to the fact whether they arise
separately from the median and cross nerves, or whether two or
more unite towards the base and proceed from the common branch.

Besides these, there exist on the interior margin of the wings
from one to three nerves (on the primaries usually only one, seldom
two), which arise from the base or root, and end on the posterior
or interior margin ; these are called dorsal nerves. These aU bear
the figure 1, and are distinguished by la, Ib, Ic. On the anterior
margin of the primaries and for the most part on that of the se-
condaries, a nerve springs from the root, which is called the costal
nerve, and which always bears the highest number, as No. 8, fig.
22. On the secondaries of many Noctuida, this costal nerve unites
with the anterior median for a short distance, fig. 21, or it is en-
tirely united with it at the base, so that it seems to proceed from
the anterior median itself. The frenulum mentioned above is es-
sentially also a nerve, which has remained free from the membrane
of the wing. In most butterflies, which have \\ofrenulum, there
are in the place of it, on the anterior margin, one or more short
curved nerves terminating on it, fig. 22. Nerve 5 of the second-
aries is often wanting or is less distinct ; this is also the case with
nerve 5 of the primaries ; their position is, however, easily deter-
mined by the larger space between 4 and 6, and they as well as
other occasionally obsolete nerves are counted, so that each nerve,
if possible, may always have the same numerical designation. That
nerve at the apex of the primaries on the one terminating nearest
to it, is called the apical nerve, fig. 24, 8.

The two median nerves with their ramifications, and the costal
and dorsal nerves, are most prominent in the structure. Each of
the medians runs off into three branches, the anterior of the se-
condaries into two, so that the individual branches, one after the
other, proceed from the principal bough. A more extensive rami-

XIV INTRODUCTION.

fication does not occur on the secondaries, and all the branches
terminate in the outer margin; so also with the branches of the
posterior median of the primaries. On the other hand, the two
first branches on the primaries end on the anterior margin, nerves
11 and 10; the third proceeds as nerve 6 to the outer margin, but
at or behind the cross nerve it furcates, and nerve 8, which here
arises out of it, proceeds usually to the apex or near it, after it has
again branched off, and nerve 7 is sent off to the outer margin and
nerve 9 to the anterior, fig. 24. Nerve 10 also frequently furcates,
in sending one branch towards the outer margin, impinging on
nerve 8, usually at the place where nerve 7 originates, so that this
is the continuation of that branch, which then cuts nerve 8. There
are some deviations from this structure, especially in the micro-
lepidoptera, of which the neuration of the primaries is more simple.
It is not to be denied that the anterior margin and the apex of the
primaries, on which the power of sustaining flight chiefly depends,
acquire a greater strength from the complicated nerve structure,
whilst the secondaries do not require it, inasmuch as they are closely
united with the primaries ; but on the other hand, on the interior
margin they are furnished with more simple dorsal nerves, which
are sufficient to sustain the wider superficies of the wings. The
dorsal nerve of the primaries and the costal of the secondaries also
appear to bear a mutual relation to each other, and this may also
be true with regard to the corresponding margins. Both these
nerves often have an inclination to furcate toward the root of the
wings. In those cases, for instance, where the costse of the infe-
riors after its origin unites with the anterior median, it is essentially
a furcation, in which case, however, the one branch constitutes part
of the median, or coincides with it.

The spaces between the nerves are called cells, cellulce, and are
so distinguished by numbers, that the cell always contains the
number of the nerve which it follows, counted from the interior
margin. Thus the cell between the nerves 2 and 3 is called cell 2;
the one between the nerves 3 and 4 is called cell 3, &c. &c. In
fig. 25, they are distinguished by Roman letters. The cells, on
the contrary, between the interior margin and nerve 2 are distin-
guished as cell la, lb, Ic, Id, fig. 26. The cell between the cross
nerve and the two medians is called the median cell, cellula media,
cm. Occasionally it is divided by one or two longitudinal nerves,
in which case the distinct parts are called the anterior median cell

INTRODUCTION.

and the inferior median cell, fig. 25, am and cm. In some genera,
the cross nerve between nerves 4 and 5 is obsolete, so that the
median cell is here open and passes into cell 4. There are also

Fig. 25.

Tig-. 26.

sometimes small inclosed cells at the median, called accessory cells,
which are either situated at the root of the secondaries, fig. 22, r,
or intrusive cells, as fig. 25, s, or appendicular cells, as fig. 25, x.

In the family of Tineidce with lanceolate secondaries, the nerve
structure declines. The median cell is indistinct or entirely obso-
lete, for all the nerves arise either from the root or other nerves,
or lose themselves in the membrane in the vicinity of the cross

- 27.

Fig. 28.

nerve. The number of nerves, especially in the secondaries, also
diminishes.

In order to distinguish the wings lengthwise, they are divided
into three fields or areas, the basal area, figs. 1 and 20, ba, the
middle area, ma, and the limbal area, la. In many genera, these
areas or fields on the primaries are marked or distinguished by
simple, double or triple cross lines or narrow bands, which are
called, fig 20, sa, transverse anterior (extra basillaire) or posterior,
sp (ligne coudee). These transverse bands or streaks are most
distinct and common in the Noctuidce, fig. 20. In these, there is
in addition a cross line between the base and the anterior line,
which does not extend down to the interior margin, and which is
called the basal half line, sd (demi-ligne of the French); and ano-
ther conspicuous cross line between the posterior line and the limb,
called the undulate line, IT (ligne-subterminal). In the field or
area, between these two, there are often arrow-shaped spots, which

XVI INTRODUCTION.

are called sagittate spots. Besides these, the Noctuida or moths,
have three distinguishing marks in the middle area; one in the
cell, Ib, called the dentiform spot; a small, usually round one in
the median cell, called the orbicular, mo, and behind it, a larger,
kidney-shaped spot, called the reniform, mr. .The two latter are
often surrounded by a double edge, lighter than the ground color.
Between both, there is usually drawn across the whole wing, a darker
band, which is called the transverse median shade, am. Some spe-
cies have a dark square spot between the two spots in the median
cell, which often extends itself in a pyramidal form over the orbi-
cular towards the root, so that both spots form a sort of recumbent
pyramid, and is called the pyramidal spot. The posterior trans-
verse streak alone is for the most part continued over the second-
aries, which is then called, on both sides of the wing, the arcuated
line.

The reniform mark appears on the under side as the median
lunule, and all the dark spots on the cross nerve of both sides of
the secondaries bear the same name, fig. 21.

In general, the structure of the several parts of the butterfly, as
far as this is necessary to the determination of the species, genus,
etc. , can easily be recognized, without dissection. Difficulties some-
times occur in the frequently indistinct simple eyes, palpuli and
frenulum. The last is usually present in species which fold their
wings, when in a state of rest. A careful examination with a
magnifying glass will readily detect the presence of this member.
Much more difficult is a discrimination of the nerve structure, inas-
much as the nerves are frequently so covered with scales, that with-
out removing them, the nerves cannot be seen. In this case, the
under side of the wings should be particularly examined, inasmuch
as the nerves on this side are more distinct than on the other. But
if this will not suffice to determine all the points desirable to be
known, the scales must be removed. In order to accomplish this,
either take a sharp, fine penknife and move the blade or back gen-
tly over the nerves on the under side of the wings, until the nerves
become distinct, or rub the whole wing with a soft, blunt hair pen-
cil until all the scales are removed, but on the upper side only,
when you wish to observe the furcation of the dorsal nerves of the
primaries. This operation can be most satisfactorily performed
when the specimens are fresh.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.*

SECTION I. RHOPALOCERA.

Antennae filiform, terminating in a knob or club. Wings, at
least the primaries, elevated in repose; no bristle or frenulnm ;
no stemmata or simple eyes — flight diurnal.

Fam. I. Papilionidae.

Larva with two retractile tentacles on first segment. Eyes promi-
nent; palpi short; six feet adapted for walking; wings wide, nerves
distinct, abdominal edge of the secondaries concave, discoidal cell
in both wings, closed, hooks of the tarsi simple, abdomen free.

A. Club of antennae arcuate ;

Wings wide, secondaries with long tails or lobed. Papilio.

B. Club straight ;

Primaries transparent at the summit, two black ocelli in the
discoidal cellule, abdomen of the female with a corneous
pouch. [No species east of the Rocky Mountains.] Parnassius.

* [The present synopsis is believed to be approximately correct and
generally agrees with the body of the book as far as the Rhopalocrra are
concerned, but in the Hete.rocera the conformity is not so rigid, owing to
the indistinctness of some of our new American genera and an indisposi-
tion to create new families in which to place them. Further investigation
will be required to determine their proper place in the system. The sy-
nopsis, however, gives a tolerably fair exhibit of our Lepidopteral Fauna,
exclusive of the Noctuidx proper, which may, however, hereafter be some-
what improved.

The Genus Pimela, p. 129, belongs to tiombycidw, inadvertently placed
where it now stands. — J. G. M.]
B

XV111 SYNOPSIS OF THE GEN'ERA.

Fam. II. Pieridae.

Antennsa truncated at the extremity or clubbed. Secondaries
with no concavity on abdominal edge, abdomen received into a
groove, color whitish or orange to greenish-white on the upper side.

A. Antennas abruptly terminating in an ovoid club ;

a. Wings narrow, elongate.

* Secondaries wider than the primaries. [Mexican.] Leptalis.

b. Wings of ordinary width.

f Palpi with long fascicled hairs, last article shorter than

the preceding.

a. Antennae rather long. [Mexican.] Euterpe.

0. Antennae very short. Nathalis.

ft Last article of the palpi at least as short as the pre-
ceding.
«. An auroral spot at the summit of the primaries,

at least in the males. Anthocaris.

B. No auroral spot. Pieris.

B. Antennas truncated at the summit or terminating insensibly in

an obconic club ;
a. Wings robust.

* Primaries angulate. Rhodocera.
** Primaries not angulate, secondaries entire.

a. Antennae rather long, terminating insensibly in a

club. Callidryas.

B. Antennas short, terminating in an obconic club.

Colias.
I. Wings thin and delicate. Terias.

Fam. III. Dauaidae.

Palpi remote, not extending much beyond the head, club of an-
tennas formed insensibly ; wings wide, with the edges somewhat
sinuous, discoidal cell of the secondaries closed, thorax robust,
pectus with white dots, four walking feet.

Secondaries of the males with a black spot in relief. Dauais.

Fam. IV. Helicoiiidae.

Abdomen slender, elongate ; wings narrow, oblong, abdominal
edge scarcely embracing the lower part of the abdomen, discoidal
cell closed.

Antennas longer than the head and abdomen, nearly filiform, in-
sensibly thickening towards the extremity, four walking feet.
[Only one species ; southern.] Heliconia.

SYNOPSIS OP THE GENERA. XIX

Fam. V. Nymphalidae.

Palpi nearly comrivent, porrect, scaly, their anterior face as wide
as the sides, discoidal cell nearly always open, nails of tarsi strongly
bifid.

A. Antenna with a flattened club, primaries sinuous. Agraulis.

primaries not sinuous. Argynnis.
Under side of wings without nacred spots. Melitaea.

B. Club of antennae not flattened ;

a. Primaries excised, angular, secondaries with a pale, silvery

or golden mark like the letter L or C. Grapta.

6. Primaries subtriangular, less excised, apex truncate, palpi

very hairy. Vanessa.

c. Primaries less angular, palpi less hairy. Pyrameis.

d. Eyes naked, anterior legs less hairy. Junonia.

e. Primaries rounded at the summit, proboscis very long. Anartia.

f. Primaries dentate, sometimes prolonged to a tail. Nymphalis.

g. Primaries, fore margin arcuate, angle acute, tail prominent,

color coppery. Paphia.

h. Primaries slightly dentate, secondaries with ocelli. Apatura.
t. Primaries not dentate, subfalciform — no ocelli. Aganisthos.

Fam. VI. Libytheidae.

Larva without spines ; palpi very long, contiguous, in the form of
a beak, parallel to the axis of the body; wings angular, rather ro-
bust ; discoidal cellule of secondaries open. Libythea.

Fam. VII. Satyridae.

Wings robust, abdominal edge of the secondaries forming a groove ;
discoidal cellule closed ; nervures of the primaries often dilated at
their origin.

Costal nervure feebly inflated at base ; color pale, dull, livid.

[Extreme north.] Chionobas.

Veins delicate, color uniform. Neonympha.

Costal nervure much inflated, color dark brown ; wings ocellate or

with black spots. Erebia.

One or two veins of primaries inflated ; limb of secondaries dentate ;

secondaries marbled beneath ; primaries ocellate. Satyrus.

Eyes hairy ; base of costal and median nerves of primaries dilated ;

secondaries lobed. Calisto.

Costal nervure inflated ; secondaries emarginate, slightly caudate.

Debis.
The three principal nerves inflated, no ocelli. Coenympha.

XX SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Fam. VIII. I/ycaenidae.

Larva onisciform ; discoidal cellule closed apparently by a small
nerviform prominence.

Small ; under side with small spots or ocellated points ; often a

marginal band of yellow spots ; color of males usually blue. Argus.
Under side ocellate ; color fulvous. Polyommatus.

Secondaries with filiform tails ; sometimes simply dentate. Thecla.

Fani. IX. Erycinidae.

Small ; six walking feet in the males, four in the females.

Antennae long, annulated with whitish ; abdomen shorter than the

secondaries. Nymphidia

Antennae shorter, not annulate. Lemonias.

Fam. X. Hesperidae.

Head wide, transverse ; antennae often terminated by a hook.

Primaries triangular, often with pellucid spots ; anal angle with no

lobe, no silvery spots beneath. Hesperia.

Anal angle with a short tail turned outwards, or an obtuse point,

silvery spots beneath. Goniloba.

Anal angle rounded. Nisoniades

Wings with orange-colored spots ; color dark brown. Cyclopaedes.

Primaries only erect in repose ; disk in many species with an ob-
lique velvety patch. Famphila.

Color brownish, with numerous translucent, angular and square
whitish spots. Syrichthus.

SECTION II. HETEROCERA.

Antennae variable, prismatic, pectinate, serrate, moniliform or
filiform ; wings deflected in repose, secondaries mostly frenate ;
stemmata or false eyes in many genera. Flight diurnal, crepuscu-
lar, most frequently nocturnal.

SYNOPSIS OP THE GENERA.

Fam. I. Epialidae.

Proboscis short or obsolete ; palpi nearly obsolete ; antennae mo-
niliform, shorter than the thorax ; wings deflected, long, narrow,
secondaries semi-hyaline. No stemmata.

Thorax not crested ; body pilose ; last abdominal annuli of the fe-
male forming an elongated oviduct. Epialus.

Fam. II. Cossidae.

Body stout, pilose, head small, antennae shorter than half the
length of the wings, palpi small, eyes naked, proboscis short or ob-
solete, wings strongly veined, deflected ; flight nocturnal ; stemmata
none.

Abdomen long, extending beyond the anal angle ; hind tibiae with

two pair of spurs ; palpi shorter than the head. Cossus.

Hind tibiae with only terminal spurs. Zeuzera.

Fam. III. Coiicliilopodidae.

Body rather stout ; proboscis not visible ; antennae of £ simple,
rather serrated, pilose at the apex, which is acute ; legs stout, pilose ;
hind tibiae with four spurs ; wings moderately broad, deflexed ; abdo-
men a little tufted at the extremity. Larva onisciform, or flat.

Fore wings, subcostal veins exterior to the disk, bifid, with two
nervules from the disk. Limacodes.

With one nervule from the disk. Adoneta.

Fore wings, subcostal trifid, exterior to the disk. Empretia.

Fore wings, subcostal quadrifid, exterior to the disk. Nochelia.

Fam. IV. Zygaenidae.

Antennae fusiform cylindric, often pectinate ; proboscis long, con-
volute ; wings longer than the body, primaries more narrow, se-
condaries rounded ; stemmata present.

Costal vein bifid at base; antennae fusiform. Zygaena.

Without costal vein. Procris ? Clemens.

Antennae not pectinate, thicker in the middle than at the apex. Alypia.

Fam. V. Glaucopididae.

Wings narrow, often limpid or with limpid spots ; hind wings
short ; antennae pectinated ; flight diurnal.

XX11 SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Hind wings without a discal nervule ; median vein of hind wings
bifid; wings usually hyaline. Glaucopis.

Median vein of hind wings trifid ; subcostal vein with a marginal

branch; discal vein vertical. Ormetica.

Hind wings with a discal nervule ; median vein of hind wings bifid.

Euchromia.

Median vein 3-branched. Cyanopepla.

Fam. VI. ^Egeriadae.

Primaries narrow, usually vitreous to the margin ; secondaries
shorter, altogether vitreous ; abdomen often with a caudal tuft.

Antennae gradually thickened nearly to the end, curved ; proboscis
nearly obsolete ; male, with a caudal tuft. Trochilium.

Fam. VII. Thyridae.

Antennse feebly thickened in the middle, first article inflated ; no
stemmata ; wings broad, subtriangular, more or less angulate and
indented, opaque with semitransparent spots.

Body short and thick, abdomen conical, tufted at the end. Thyris.

Fam. VIII. Psychidae.

Proboscis obsolete, palpi hirsute, antennas pectinate or ciliate,
wings more or less rounded. Female mostly apterous.

Antennae of the male pectinated more than half the length ; abdo-
men of the male very long. Female wingless. Oiketicus.

Antennse of the male pectinated almost to the apex ; abdomen ex-
tending beyond the wings. Female wingless. Thyridopteryx.

Primaries acuminate at the apex. Female winged. Perophora.

Fam. IX. Sphingidae.

FORE WINGS ENTIRE.

A. Terminal margin obliquely convex;

Antennse clavato prismatic, with hook and seta ;

Tongue twice or nearly twice as long as the body. Macrosila.

Tongue as long as the body, or somewhat longer. ) Spmnx.

( Dolba.

( Pachylia.

Tongue two-thirds as long as the body. A Darapsa para.

' Lapara.

Tongue about one-third as long as the body. j Ceratomia.

( Daremma.

Tongue as long as palpi. Ellema

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. XX 111

Antennae slender, minutely serrate-setose;

Abdomen more or less tufted ;

Tongue moderate. Oenosandra.

Tongue rather short. Perigonia.

Tongue one-half as long as body. Macroglossa.

Antennae subclavate or fusiform ;

,. f Arctonotus.

Abdomen not tufted at the tip.

' Deilephila.

Abdomen tufted at the tip.

( Macroglossa.

B. Terminal margin wavy. Anceryx.*

C. Terminal margin nearly straight or slightly sinuate ;f

Antennae with a long hook ;

Tongue two-thirds as long as the body. Pachylia.

Tongue as long as the body. Philampelus.

Antennae somewhat fusiform, rather short ;

Tongue as long as the body. Chaerocampa.

I). Terminal margin excavated by the tip, convex from the middle ;
Abdomen without apical tuft ;

f Ambulyx.
Tongue not quite as long as body or as long. •{ Pergesa.

I Chaerocampa pars.
Tongue nearly obsolete. S. Juglandis £ .

Tongue about half as long as. the body. Darapsa.

Abdomen with apical tuft ;
Fore wings with silvery streaks. Calliomma.

FORE WINGS NOT ENTIRE.

Fore wings indented above interior angle ;

Abdomen with apical tuft. Proserpinus.

Abdomen without apical tuft. Unzela.

Fore wings excavated near tip and anterior angle. Thyreus pars.
Fore wings truncate at the tips ;

Angulated and denticulated.
Tongue nearly as long as the body. Thyreus pars.

Angulated in the middle.

Abdomen with apical tuft. . nyo.

' Perigonia.

Abdomen without tuft or scarcely tufted ;

Tongue about as long as palpi. Smerinthus pars.

Tongue two-thirds as long as the body. Deidamia.

Not angulated in the middle. Perigonia purs.

* M. untxus and the 9 °f & Juglandis. f A. caicus.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Fore wings denticulated ;

With silvery streaks and angulated. Calliomma pars.

Without silvery streaks, not angulated. Smerinthus.

Fam. X. Drepaiiulidae.

Body slender ; proboscis inconspicuous, palpi very short, antennae
longer than the thorax, feet slender, naked ; wings wide, primaries
falcate ; antennae of the males moderately pectinated — of the female
scarcely longer. Drepana.

Fam. XI. Saturnidae.

Antennae ^Btiform, bipectinate in the male ; no sternmata ; se-
condaries wide, fringe short, without a frenulum ; body thick, densely
pilose.

Antennae of males bipectinate, females unidentate. Saturnia.

Antennae of both sexes strongly pectinate ; wings with vitreous,

diaphanous spots. Attacus.

Antennae of the male deeply pectinated to much beyond half the

length, minutely serrated from thence to the tips — of the female,

simple. Dryocampa.

Antennae of the male merely serrated for more than one-third ; of

the female, simple. Ceratocampa.

Fam. XII. Bombycidae.

Antennae in both sexes pectinated, strongly in the males ; body
robust, pilose ; wings strong ; cocoons of the larvse silky, hence called
spinners.

A. Limb of the wings denticulate ;

A. Antennae very short.

a. Body thick. Gastropacha.

B. Limb of the wings not denticulate ;

A. Antennae of the male equally pectinate.
f Primaries with veins not punctate.
o Primaries with no pale discal spot ; subacuminate at

the apex. Clisiocampa.

— Primaries rounded at the apex. Pimela.

ft Primaries, veins punctate. Artace.

Fam. XIII. Notodontidae.

Body usually robust, pilose, extending beyond the wings ; anten-
nae of the male usually pectinate, rarely simple — of the female,
simple, rarely pectinate ; wings entire, often long.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. XXV

Antennae of the female pectinate. Cerura.

Antennae of the female serrate. Notodonta.

Antennae of both sexes pectinate. Ichthyura.

Antennae of the male pectinate, naked at the apex. Heterocampa.

Antennas of the male not pectinate to the apex. Edema.

Antennae setaceous, minutely ciliated. Eudryas.

Antennae of male minutely pectinated ; of female minutely serrated.

Datana.
Antennae moderately pectinated. Nadata.

Fam. XIV. Arctiidae.

Stature robust ; stemmata conspicuous ; maxillae short ; antennae
moderate, those of the female, when not nearly obsolete, bipectinate
or ciliate, sometimes serrate or simple ; abdomen thick, often macu-
late ; frenulum conspicuous ; flight often heavy, nocturnal.

Thorax not fasciculate, wings rounded. Arctia.

Primaries not dilated ; body maculate. Spilosoma.

Wings rather long, third article of palpi very short. Lophocampa.

Body slender, third article of palpi globose. Nemeophyla.

Antennae simple, ciliate ; abdomen not extending beyond the wings ;

costa of primaries straight. Phragmatobia.

Primaries long. Ecpantheria.

Antennae in both sexes simply ciliate, with two strong setx at each

joint. Callimorpha.

Body fusiform ; antennae minutely pectinate. Apantesis.

Antennae deeply pectinate ; tibiae with only terminal spurs. Orgyia.

Antennae simple in both sexes — those of the male subpilose below.

Deiopeia.
Antennae of male deeply pectinate — of female moderately so. Dasychira.

Fam. XV. Litliosiidae.

Body slender, elongate ; no stemmata. Antennae usually ciliate
or simple. Thorax not crested. Abdomen not extending beyond
the wings, or very little. Wings often subelliptical, primaries nar-
row, secondaries often twice as wide as the primaries. Frenulum
conspicuous. In repose, the primaries plicate.

Antennae setaceous, simple ; wings not long. Eustixia.

Antennae setaceous, simple, shorter than the body ; wings narrow.

Eubaphe.
Antennae setaceous, simple, minutely pubescent ; wings long, narrow.

Mieza.

XXVI SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Antennae of the male setaceous. Gnophiis.

Antennae deeply pectinated. Lagoa.

Antennas setiform, scarcely ciliated in the males ; wings rather

broad, semi-diaphanous, rounded. Nudaria?

Antennas rather deeply pectinated ; wings narrow, rather long. Lerina.
Antennae moderately pectinated ; wings moderately long and broad.

Apistosia.

Antennas moderately pectinated ; wings rather long and narrow. Ardonea.
Wings moderately broad, not long. Hypoprepia.

Wings very narrow, somewhat pointed. Lymire.

Wings narrow, not long. Percote.

Hind wings much broader than the fore wings. Lithosia.

Fam. XVI. Ctenucliidae.

Hind wings without costal vein ; subcostal bifid from the origin
of the discal ; discal vein simple, angulated usually beneath the
middle of the di^k ; median vein 4-branched.

Wings very narrow ; hind wings broader than the fore wings ; an-
tennas moderately pectinated in the male. Acoloithus.

Hind wings narrower than the fore wings ; rather deeply pectinated

in the male. Aglaope.

Wings broad or narrow, elongate-trigonate ; antennas deeply pecti-
nated in the male. Ctenucha.

Fore wings rather broad, obovate ; antennae rather thick, tapering

at the tips, pectinated. Malthaca.

Fam. XVII. Lycomorpliidae.

Hind wings without costal vein ; subcostal bifid ; median 3-
branched.

Wings narrow ; fore wings nearly fusiform ; antennas biserrated or

very minutely pectinated. Lycomorpha.

Fam. XVIII. Melameridae.

This family has much affinity to the Glaucopididx, and also to
the Pijralitfs. Wings generally more or less black, occasionally with
a metallic hue, frequently adorned with bright colors or partly lim-
pid. All the species are Mexican or West Indian.

Body nearly linear and cylindrical ; wings black, generally narrow,

with yellow, luteous or white stripes, bands or spots. Josia.

Wings mostly limpid ; generally long and narrow. Dioptis.

Wings rather broad ; fore wings not angular. Uraga.

SYNOPSIS OF THE CENE11A.

XXV11

Fam. XIX. Pericopidae.

Species large, often with pale dots on the head and thorax ; wings
ample, more or less vitreous. Mexican and West Indian.

Wings long, rather broad, more or less semi-hyaline.
Wings long, rather narrow, with semi-hyaline spots.
Wings ample ; fore wings with a semi-hyaline band.

Pericopus.

Composia.

Eucyane,

Fam. XX. ]tfyctemeridae.

Some of the genera, like a few of the Pericopidce, have much re-
semblance to the Rhopalocera. The body is slender and the wings
ample, and they have likewise a general resemblance to some of the
Geometrites. They are nearly all Mexican and West Indian.

Wings moderately broad ; fore wings straight in front, rounded at
the tips, oblique along exterior border ; autenuse moderately pec-
tinated. Caralisa.

Wings long and narrow ; antennae of % minutely pectinated. . Eubule.

Wings short, somewhat triangular ; antennae of £ pectinated on

both sides. Psycomorpha.

Wings broad, not long, generally black with semi-hyaline white

spots. Melanchroia.

LEPIDOPTERA

NORTH AMERICA,

SEC. I. KHOPALOCERA.

Antennas filiform, terminating in a knob or club. Wings,
at least the primaries, elevated in repose : no bristle or
frenulum at the anterior edge of the secondaries. No stem-
mata or simple eyes on the vertex. Flight diurnal.

FAM. I. PAPILIONIDAE.

Larva elongated, with two retractile tentacles on the first
ring. Perfect insect with the abdominal' edge of the second-
aries concave. Discoidal cellule closed. Hooks of the tarsi
simple. Six feet adapted to walking in both sexes.

PAPILIO LINN.

Head large ; eyes prominent ; palpi very short, joints scarcely
distinct ; antennae elongate, club pyriform ; body, more or less
hairy, free from the wings ; wings robust, borders more or less
dentated, often terminated by a tail ; central cell closed ; nerves
prominent.

Larva smooth, or bearing fleshy tubercles ; provided with two
retractile tentacles protruding from the first segment ; emitting a
strong odor when alarmed.

Chrysalis without metallic spots, moderately angular, occasion-
ally a horn on the back ; head square, bifid, or truncate ; fastened

by the tail and suspended by a thread across the back.
1

2 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

1. Papilio turnus Linn. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 6, 7. Say's Amer. Ent. pi. 1.

Pal. de Beauv. VII, pi. 2. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pi.
118. Cram. Pap. Exot. pi. 38. P. alcidamas Cr.

Wings pale yellow, border black — that of the primaries divided
by eight or nine yellow spots ; wings traversed by four unequal
black bands.

Secondaries with a marginal range of six lunnles, two rufous,
four yellow ; anal emarginations bordered with yellow. These
lunules are surmounted with groups of bluish atoms. Emargina-
tions large, obtuse ; tail black, bordered with yellow within.

Under side of primaries similar to the upper, the marginal points
forming nearly a continuous ray, preceded by a range of grayish
atoms.

Under side of secondaries has the border sprinkled with grayish
yellow, with all the marginal lunules rufous in the middle ; a range
of bluish lunules above the border, three or four of which are sur-
mounted with a little rufous.

Body blackish above ; two yellow rays on the thorax, yellowish
ray below.

Larva green above, whitish below ; sides with seven oblique
greenish stripes ; between the fourth and fifth segments, a trans-
verse band, yellow before, black behind ; on the third segment a
lateral, ocellated spot, with two blue pupils ; head flesh-color,
neck yellow ; feeds on various species of Prunus.

The chrysalis is brown, more or less deep, with a conical point
on the breast.

The perfect insect measures from three to four inches across the

wings, and is found in the United States generally.

BOISD.

2. P. glaucus Linn. (Most probably a Southern female variety of P.

turnus.} Boisd. et Lee. pi. 8, 9. Cram. Pap. Exot. pi. 139. Pal.
de Beauv. VI, Liv. pi. 1.

Size and habits, and when held towards the light, showing the
markings of P. turnus; varies from pale brown to deep black.

Wings blackish brown ; primaries, with a marginal series of
eight oblong, yellowish spots, preceded by arcuated groups of
bluish atoms. Secondaries sprinkled with blue, except at the
base ; outer limb divided by a range of seven lunules, some yel-
low, others rufous, surmounted by cuneiform spots of pulverulent

PAPILIO. 3

blue, forming one wide arcuated band ; outer border dentated ;
tail spatulate, bordered with yellow inside, as well as all the eraar-
ginations of all the wings.

Beneath primaries paler brown, with three blackish bands, pro-
ceeding from the anterior margin, the two outer abbreviated, the
basal continuous. Secondaries brown; a transverse line gradually
narrowing towards its end. Marginal lunules, rufous, slightly
bordered with yellow ; the band of bluish atoms (in the fresh sub-
ject) surmounted by four or five triangular russety spots.

Body black, with two yellow spots on the sides.

Larva similar to that of P. turnus.

Inhabits the Southern States.

BOISD.

3. P. rutulus Boisd. The figure, size, and fades of P. turnus, of which it
is perhaps only a modification. Ann. Soc. ent. de France, X, 2me
ser. 279.

Upper side ochry yellow, with the extremity of all the wings
rather widely bordered with black ; primaries cut by the nerves,
and marked with five unequal transverse black bands, the first
continuing from the base the whole length of the abdominal edge
of the secondaries ; the second descending to the anal angle of the
latter, and abruptly bending to unite with the first; the third a
little divided, and ending on the first branch of the median ; the
fourth at the extremity of the discoidal cellule and not passing the
median ; the fifth somewhat shorter ; the border of the primaries
is divided by a ray of ochry yellow oblong points ; secondaries with
a streak or blackish arc on the extremity of the discoidal cellule ;
a marginal row of six crescents, of which the anal is fulvous and
the other five yellow ; anal emargination bordered with fulvous,
surmounted as well as the internal crescent with a group of blue
atoms; the exterior edge with wide obtuse teeth, and a spatulate
black tail, edged with yellow within, as well as all the emargina-
tions.

Under side similar to the upper, the marginal points forming a
continuous ray, preceded by a ray of grayish atoms ; that of the
secondaries has the border powdered with yellowish gray, the
marginal crescents being ochry as above. A row of bluish cres-
cents on the anterior edge of the border. Body blackish above,
yellowish below, with two black ventral rays.

It differs from P. turmts in that the upper side of the secondaries

4 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

have not the fulvous crescent on the internal angle, and the under
side has not the fulvous crescent in the border, nor the sagittate
spots between the border and discoidal cellule of P. turnus.

California. — In the spring and summer.

BOISD.

4. P. eurymedon Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me ser. 280.

The general appearance of turnus, but the black predominates
more, and the bands are nearly white. Ground color very black ;
primaries with four bands, white a little yellowish ; the first at the
base; the second before the discoidal cellule ; the third, very short,
represented by a simple streak at the end of the cellule ; the fourth
bifid at its summit and united below to the second ; a row of
marginal oblong points diminishing before the internal angle.
Secondaries with two wide whitish bands, or rather with a whitish
disk, cut by a black ray as in P. turnus; the border divided by a
row of five crescents, and two fulvous anal ones; anal emargination
fulvous, surmounted, as well as the internal crescent, with a group
of blue atoms ; tail black, spatulate, edged with whitish as well as
the emarginations. Under side of primaries, nearly like the upper.
That of the secondaries similar to turnus but much more black ;
the border sometimes divided by fulvous crescents, and sometimes
of the ground color, except the two anal and the anal emargination
which are always fulvous ; all the crescents are surmounted by a
row of blue spots. Body black above, with two white rays on the
thorax ; whitish below, with two black ventral rays.

California.

Gray regards P. eurymedon as a mere variety of P. rutulus.
Catalogue of Lep. Ins., in collection of Brit. Mus., pt. 1, p. 24.

BOISD.

5. P. zolicaon Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me ser. 280.

Primaries black, traversed by an oblique, yellow band, divided
into eight spots by the black nerves ; this baud is preceded by two
streaks and a spot of the same color ; the border divided by eight
yellow points. Secondaries with a black arc at the end of the
discoidal cellule ; abdominal edge black, powdered with yellow,
tail linear, black, obtuse, bordered with yellow on one side.

The anal eye bright fulvous, circled with yellow fulvous, body
black, with a lateral yellow band.

California.

BOISD.

PAPILIO.

6. P. troilus Linn. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 10. Sm. Abb. vol. I, pi. 2. Cram.

Pap. Exot. pi. 207. Ilerbst, pi. 17 (mas.) pi. 20 (foem.). Drury,
I, pi. 2. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot., pi. 19. P. ilioneus,
Sin. Abb.

Wings blackish, dentate, emarginations yellowish white. Prima-
ries, with a range of seven or eight spots of pale yellow on the
outer margin, gradually decreasing in size upwards. Secondaries,
with a marginal range of seven greenish lunules, the upper one,
orange yellow. Above these, a wide bluish gray band divided by
the nervures. The limule of the anal angle, is orange yellow inside
greenish gray outside, tail black.

Under side of primaries, deep brown, two marginal series of yel-
low spots, besides one or two towards the upper edge.

Under side of secondaries, has two series of rufous lunules, sepa-
rated by a band of bluish atoms ; anal spot rufous.

Body black, with yellow spots on the thorax and a line of yellow
points on each side. Expands three inches.

Larva green, with a yellow marginal band; two series of blue
points on the sides and in the fourth segment two carneous spots,
on the third, a carneous ocellated spot, pupilled with deep blue,
on the first, a black band ; the under side ferruginous, at the base
of the membranaceous feet, a series of seven blue points. Feeds
on Laurus sassafras and other species of Laurns.

Chrysalis a little gibbous, pale ferruginous striated with a deeper
tint.

BOISD.

7. P. asterias Fab. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 1. Cram. Pap. pi. 385. Boisd. et

Lee., pi. 4. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pi. 20. Haldeman, in
Stansbury's Expl. p. 366. P. troilus, Sm. Abb.

Winys deep blackish brown, with two macular pale yellow bands;
the first, composed of eight spots, nearly triangular, traversing the
middle of the secondaries ; the second is marginal, and the spots
are smaller, eight or nine of which are on the primaries and six
on the secondaries, mostly lunular. Besides these, the primaries
have one or two spots toward the upper margin, and the second-
aries, six or seven blue lunules between the spots. At the anal
angle, a rufous spot, with a black point — emargination yellowish —
tail black.

6 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of primaries, paler ; the firsthand is pale rufous,
except the first two or three triangular spots, which are yellow.

Under side of secondaries, orange, except the two last of the
marginal band, which are yellow. In the female the spots of the
first band are smaller, sometimes obsolete on the secondaries.

Body black, rufous points on the thorax, and three series of yel-
low spots on the sides. Expands four inches. United States.

Larva apple green, with a transverse band on each segment
formed of alternate bands of black and yellow, excepting on the
first three, where the black band is interrupted by the yellow points
only towards the spiracles ; whilst on the back, the yellow are placed
before the black band ; three black points on the anterior part of
the first segment and two black lines on the head. The feet have
black points at their base.

Feeds on Daucus carota, Anethum fceniculum and other umbelli-
ferous plants.

Chrysalis grayish, with ferruginous wavy streaks.

BOISD.

8. P. philenor Fab. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 11. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 3. Say's
Amer. Ent. pi. 1. Grain. Pap. pi. 208. Drury I, pi. 2. Herbst,
pi. 19. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pi. 8. P. astinous, Grain.

Primaries black, with a greenish reflection towards the outer
border — emarginations, whitish ; in some specimens, a series of
whitish spots along the outer border, obsolete in others.

Secondaries blackish, with a greenish hue except towards the
base, a range of six whitish lunules — tail black, whitish at the base.

Under side of primaries, dull black ; a marginal range of five or
six whitish spots.

Under side of secondaries has a brilliant greenish reflection, ex-
cept at the base, where there is a whitish spot. Seven lunules of
bright rufous, surrounded with black. Four or six of those above
bordered with white on one side ; expands three and a half inches.
North America.

Larva brown, with two lateral series of smaller reddish tubercles.
The first segment has two long processes — nine of moderate length
below and others in the three last segments. — Feeds on Aristolo-
chia serpentaria.

Chrysalis grayish violet, back yellowish ; head truncate.

BOISD.

PAPILIO. 7

9. P. chalcas Fab. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 5. Herbst, pi. 62 ; Drur. I, pi.

19. Cram. Pap. Exot. pi. 93. P. palamedes Drur. Cr.

Wings olive black, traversed by an interrupted, pale yellow
band, continued over the secondaries, formed of triangular spots
in the primaries — a yellow spot near the upper edge and nearer
the base, a short, yellow, narrow line. Towards the outer edge, a
marginal range of roundish, yellow lunules ; anal angle, with a
bluish crescent ; a little dusty yellow between the base and the mar-
ginal points. Emarginations, yellow. Tail black, with a yellowish
ray in the middle.

ruder side of primaries, paler ; near the base, a transverse line
of grayish atoms.

Under side of secondaries is traversed by a rufous line. The
transverse baud, macular, whitish within, rufous without. The
marginal luuules are whitish — the middle rufous, and the interval
sprinkled with yellowish dust; a band, also, of blue crescents.

.Zfocfy 'black; a yellow line on each side of the thorax and abdo-
ineu.

Southern States. — Expands four and a half inches.

Larva green, punctured with pale blue ; under size and feet, car-
neous ; head, yellow, ferruginous with a black arc ; the third segment
has a lateral, carneous eyelet with a blue pupil, surmounted with a
blue point. The fourth has a lateral, carneous spot. The green is se-
parated from the reddish, by a marginal, yellow line. Feeds on
Laurus.

Chrysalis, uneven, or humpbacked; ferruginous on the back,

roseous beneath and four ranges of small bluish points.

BoisD.

10. P. thoas Linn. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 12. Craru. Pap. Exot. pi. 1G7.

Drur. pi. 22. Herbst, pi. 39. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot pi.
15. P. cresphontes Cram. P. oxitus Hbnr.

Wings deep black above, traversed by a yellow macular band,
extending across the base of the secondaries. The third spot is
oblong, surmounted by two or three others. The primaries have
besides, four yellow lunules near the inner angle.

The secondaries have a curved series of six or seven yellow lu-
nules ; the anal angle has a rufous crescent with a group of blue
atoms above it ; dentate and the emarginations of both, yellow.

Tail black, with an oval yellow spot.

8 LEPIDOPTEBA OP NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of primaries much paler ; on the base, a large, radi-
ated yellow spot, which fills the discoidal cellule and eight marginal
spots.

Under side of secondaries, yellow, divided by six or seven blue
lunules, three or four of which are associated with as many ferrugi-
nous spots. The anal spot corresponds with that of the opposite
side. Expands five inches.

Body yellow; back black; thorax, black above, with two yellow
lines. Southern States.

Larva brownish below, back covered with large, whitish
blotches, irregular, spotted with brown.

Chrysalis brown, marked with blackish points. Feeds on the

orange tree.

BOISD.

11. P. ajax Sm. 'Alb. Boisd. et -Lee. pi. 1. Sin. Abb. I, pi. 4. Pal. de
Beauv. IV, pi. 2.

Upper side of the wings, blackish brown, with bands, whitish
yellow ; the first, which is at the base of the primaries, is very small ;
the second is wide and descends beyond the middle of the secon-
daries ; the third is only a whitish line ; the fourth is wide, bifid
above, and descends on the disk of the secondaries ; the fifth and
sixth are short and of unequal length ; the seventh is marginal and
interrupted.

The secondaries have fewer whitish lunules, two other bluish lu-
nules, and at the anal angle a bilobed red spot, resting on a black
crescent, which is cut transversely by a blue line and surmounted
by a group of grayish atoms. Eniarginations whitish.

Tail black, linear, white at the extremity and on the sides.

Under side paler, a nai'row grayish band on the internal side of
the marginal band of the primaries.

Under side of secondaries differ considerably from the upper.

The white marginal lunules are preceded by a black streak and
the blue lunules by an equal number of grayish crescents. A
slightly fiexuous scarlet line, bordered with white, separates the
two whitish bands. The bilobed spot is surmounted with white.
Expands three inches. Southern States.

Body blackish, with two whitish lines on the sides ; antennae
brown, with the lower side of the club blackish. Its flight is low,
rapid, not sailing.

PAPILIO. 9

Larva green, with the stigmata yellow and a tricolored transverse
band in the fourth segment, black in the middle, and yellow behind.
Feeds on Porcelia pyymaea and Anona palustris.
Chrysalis ferruginous, with clearer lines and darker striae.

BOISD.

12. P. marcellus Cram. Boisd. et Lee. pi. II. Grain. Pap. Exot. pi. 98.

Esper, Pap. Eur. Part 1, pi. 51. P. ajax Hbnr.

Resembling ajax but somewhat larger. Wings deeper black,
transverse bands more narrow ; secondaries more elongate ; tail
longer, the posterior half of which is whitish. The red anal spot
is not bordered with white in front as in ajax. It sometimes forms
a large round spot, sometimes a transverse ray, and again bilobed, or
divided into two spots ; no blue crescent between this red spot and
the anal emargination ; all the whitish bands, more narrow on both
sides, excepting that along the abdominal border, which is wider.
All the other characters as in P. ajax. Southern States. Flight
more graceful than that of P. ajax.

The larva differs much from that of P. ajax. It has a whitish
ground, striated transversely with violet, with a yellow semi-cir-
cular band on the middle of each ring ; the band of the fourth ring
is bordered before with black. Chrysalis ferruginous. Feeds on
Porcelia pygmcea.

BOISD.

Gray in Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. considers P. ajax and P. mar-
cellus to be varieties of the same insect. This is now the opinion of
all the collectors in this country. One of them declares that P. ajax
is the spring, and P. marcellus the fall brood of the same species.

J. G. M.

13. P. sinon Fab. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 3. Cram. pi. 318. Herbst, pi. 45.

Drur. 1, pi. 22. (Drury's fig. is not exact; Cramer's, too green.)
P. protesilaus Drur. P. celadon Lucas.

Size of P. ajax, and analogous. Wings deep black, with the
bands yellowish white, ordinarily a little greenish. The first, at the
base, is linear and descends on the secondaries, even to the red spot ;
the second, of the same width, a little bent, widening on the se-
condaries ; after this, there is a small, very narrow line, sometimes
obsolete ; then, a band wide in the middle, bifid above, and termi-
nating in a point on the disk of the secondaries ; then, a small,
short band, a whitish or greenish point, and finally, a marginal,

10 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

raacular band composed of eight Innules. The secondaries have
six whitish crescents, marginal, and a large, red, bilobed anal spot,
placed a little obliquely and wider internally.

Tail black, linear, whitish at the end.

Under side of primaries, brownish, on which all the characters
of the upper side are visible.

Under side of the secondaries also presents the same bands as
the opposite surface, but there is, besides, a red line placed on the
black band between the two principal white bands ; near the anal
angle, this line is bent, as in P. ajax, but instead of widening, as in
the latter to form two red lunules, it continues in the same width
on the disk ; this line is bordered with white, but only in the place
where it corresponds to the red spot above. Some grayish atoms
above the two last white crescents.

Body blackish, with two whitish rays on the thorax ; abdomen
blackish, cumulated with white above, grayish below. Antennae
blackish. Southern States.

Larva unknown.

P. sinon is easily distinguished from the neighboring species by
its greenish bands, the macular posterior band ; the red line on the
under side not forming a crescent and the body annulated with

white.

BOISD.

14. P. celadon Lucas. ' Guer. Rev. Zool. 1852, 130.

A little smaller than P. sinon, with which it has been con-
founded by Cramer. Upper side of w-ings, black, with bands of a
clear green thus disposed ; the first, linear, common, running along
the abdominal edge of the secondaries, nearly to the red spot of
the anal angle ; the second, also common, descends a little lower
on the secondaries ; the third, very wide, principally in the secon-
daries, common, and sending out on them two prolongations, which
reach the costal edge; on the secondaries it does not extend beyond
the intermediary band ; the fourth, narrow, not passing the me-
dian nervure of the secondaries; the fifth, smaller than the fourth,
is placed beyond the summit of the discoidal cellule, and is divided
into three spots by the nervures, which are of a russety brown; the
sixth, macular, forming, on the second, a range of spots, more or
less rounded, nearly marginal, but sinuous and not touching the
posterior edge of the primaries, as in P. sinon. Under side, like

PAPIL10. 11

the upper, with the black inclining towards russety. The seconda-
ries, besides the characters already mentioned, present a marginal
range of lunulcs of a clear green and an anal spot of red vermilion,
but much smaller than in P. sinon. The external edge is dents -
ted as in sinon by a tail less long and entirely black ; emargina-
tions less bordered with whitish than in sinon. Under side rus-
sety white, with the red spot more narrow than above. There is
also a reddish, feeble line, which goes from the middle of the edge,
without passing the superior nervure of the discoi'dal cellule; an-
tennoe black; palpi clothed with white hairs; head black, with a
yellowish ray on each side, which continues on the sides of the tho-
rax, thorax black: abdomen black, annulated with yellowish white
on the sides; below, of this color, with a longitudinal narrow black
ray.

Expands 58 mill. California — Oregon ?

LUCAS.

15. P. arcesilaus Lucas. Guer. Rev. Zool. 1852, 131.

Male, a little smaller than P. ajax. Upper side brown black,
with bands of a pale yellowish white thus disposed ; first, linear,
common, touching the abdominal edge of the secondaries so as
nearly to join the red spot of the anal angle, from which it is sepa-
rated only by a small line of black; the second is a little wider; the
third, more narrow, not passing the discoidal cellule ; the fourth,
very wide, bifid in parting from the median nervure : the fifth,
very short, wider and less elongated than the third ; the sixth,
nearly marginal, feeble, interrupted by the nervure ; under side of a
black more clear, with the same designs as above ; upper side of
secondaries deeper black, with the spot of yellowish white very
large, occupying all the centre and losing itself posteriorly in a
space powdered with yellowish ; anteriorly, it is interrupted by a
black band very short, which proceeds from the middle of the edge;
the red spot is large, transverse, oblique and supported behind on
two yellowish spots; the exterior edge presents a marginal space
of yellow lunules, dentated ; tail black, yellow at the extremity.
Under side resembles the upper, and has besides in the middle, a
red sinuous ray, bordered with black on the internal side at its an-
terior part, and slightly edged with this color on the external side ;
the red transverse band is more narrow than on the upper side,
edged with white behind, with the lunules of the anal angle pow-

12 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

derecl with whitish atoms ; tail much more edged with yellow on
the internal side than above ; palpi yellowish white ; this color con-
tinues on the sides of the thorax, which is black. Abdomen black
above, yellow in the sides or below — a ray in each side.
California — Oregon ? Expands 62 mill.

LUCAS.

16. P. machaon Linn. Figured by most European authors.

Upper side yellow, with a rather wide black border, sinuate
within, divided on the primaries by a row of eight yellow marginal
points and in the secondaries by a marginal row of six lunules of
the same color, of which four or five of the intermediary are largest ;
all these lunules are preceded by an orbicular spot formed of blue
atoms ; the anal angle is marked by a reddish yellow ocular spot,
surmounted by a whitish violet crescent. Primaries with four
black spots along the upper edge, of which the outer one is the
smallest and nearly round ; the two following are transverse, not
passing the median nervure ; the fourth is very large, occupying
all the base, and powdered with yellowish gray, as well as that part
of the border comprised between the marginal points and the
ground color ; the branches of the median nerve black and dilated.
Secondaries have a black arc at the extremity of the discoidal cel-
lule ; the abdominal edge black, powdered with yellowish ; the con-
tour with short teeth and a black linear tail of moderate length,
obtuse at the extremity, bordered with yellow in the internal side;
emarginations bordered with yellow as well as the sinus of the pri-
maries.

Under side nearly similar to the upper with all the nervures
black and the yellow more mingled with the black and occupying
more space. The blue spots of the secondaries are more narrow,
somewhat lunulate ; the second, third, and sometimes the sixth are
each surmounted with a russety spot. Body yellow, with a dorsal
band ; antennas black.

California — Europe — Asia.

BOISD.

17. P. villiersii Boisd. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 14. P. devillicrsi Godt.

Nearly same size as P. troihis. Wings greenish blue, shining,
dentated, emarginations white, a marginal range of bluish lunules,
much smaller on the primaries than on the secondaries.

Tail moderate, spatulate.

PARNASSITJS. 13

Under side of primaries, shining, blackish bronze to the middle,
with an arc of white spots at the end of the discoidal cellule, and
a marginal range of silver white triangular spots.

Under side of secondaries, brown, with the origin of the base
and outer border, yellowish white ; in the middle, three large, sil-
ver spots. Towards the edge, a range of five to seven silver spots,
separated from the external border by a black zigzag line, sur-
mounted by ferruginous crescents, reposing on a deep bronze
ground.

Body black bronze, with white points on the prothorax, breast
and sides of the abdomen. Southern States.

BOISD.

18. P. polydamas Linn. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 15. Cram. Pap. pi. 211.
Drury I, pi. 17. Herbst, pi. 10. Seba Mus. p. 39. Merian, Surin.
pi. 31. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pi. 17.

Size of P. asterias. Wings greenish black, traversed towards the
extremity by a band of yellow more or less pale, of moderate width,
somewhat macular; formed, on the primaries, of cuneiform, point-
ed spots, and on the secondaries, of cuneiform, truncated spots.
The primaries sinuate, slightly dentate; the secondaries dentate.
Emarginations yellow.

Under side brown ; that of the primaries more clear towards
the base, with the same markings as above ; that of the seconda-
ries is more obscure towards the extremity, with a marginal
range of seven reddish brown spots, linear, transverse, a little flex-
uous, of which the three outer are usually bordered with silver
white. At the base, there is also a reddish spot.

Body black, the prothorax, the sides of the breast, and of the ab-
domen, with rufous spots or streaks.

Georgia.

Larva which lives on Aristolochia, is brown, with fleshy spines
of the same color ; the body radiated with red and each segment
having, besides, four ocellated spots, half yellow, half red.

BOISD.

PARNASSIUS LATK.

Head rather small ; eyes not prominent : palpi longer than the
head, elevated beyond the front, furnished with long and fine hairs,
and composed of three distinct, equal articles ; the first arcuate,

1 4. LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the second straight, the third linear; antennae short, terminating
in a straight, ovoid, elongated club.

Body thick, hairy ; abdomen of the female provided with a pouch
or horny valve. Wings, parchment like, nerves prominent, not
dentated, and nearly destitute of scales on the under side and to-
wards the summit on the upper side. Secondaries have the abdo-
minal edge sloped, leaving the abdomen entirely free.

Larva smooth, cylindroid, thick, with small tubercles, a little
hairy. The first ring provided with a furcate tentacle of the shape
of a Y. Head small, round.

Chrysalis cylindrico-conical, powdered with a bluish efflores-
cence, enveloped between leaves in a light tissue of silk and sus-
tained by transverse threads.

1. P. clarius Ei-ersm. Bullet, de Moscou, XVI, 539, fig. 1.

Primaries white, with two black streaks in the discoidal cellule ;
the extremity semitransparent, gray, divided by a row of white spots;
internal angle sometimes without spots and sometimes marked with
a small blackish spot.

Secondaries white, with two small red ocelli ; anal angle with a
black arc, often obsolete in the males.

Under side of the secondaries with two ocelli as above ; the
base usually with the impression of red obsolete spots ; the arc of
the anal angle black or red. Body blackish, with whitish hairs,
very short on the thorax ; palpi covered with yellow hairs. The
female has the anal arc distinct, reddish on the under side ; wings
divided above by a blackish marginal festooned line ; the horny
pouch of the under side of the abdomen, large, entirely white and
bordered with yellow hairs.

Northern California.

EVERSMAN.

2. P. nomion Fisch. Fiscli. Entomograph. de la Russie, II, pi. 6. Boisd.

Icon. pi. 4, fig. 3. Godt. Dup. Suppl. pi. 43. Boisd. Spec. Gen.
pi. 2. Gray. Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. fig. 316, 409, 410.

Base of the wings black ; transverse sinuous ray of the extremity
well defined on all the wings ; two spots between the discoidal cel-
lule and this ray, on the primaries, marked with reddish ; the spot
on the middle of the internal edge has the middle of it reddish ;

PARNASSIUS. 15

secondaries with a reddish spot at the base ; abdominal edge
covered with a space more deeply blackish, ascending in the form of
an anchor or hook, to the extremity of the discoidal cellule ; fringe
intersected with black ; antenna; strongly annulate with black.
Female a little larger than the male, wings powdered with blackish ;
pouch of the under side of the abdomen small, brownish, not
prominent, formed of two wrinkled valves, separated by a longitu-
dinal groove.

Rocky Mountains.

BOISD.

3. P. clodius Menetries. Voyage de M. "Wosnesjensky. P. clarius, Boisd.

Very near to P. clarius Eversm. but larger ; wings of a dead
white, a little yellowish (the transparent part and the row of spots
on the external edge as in clarius.)

On the under side, the primaries have the same black spots as in
clarius, but the two discoidal spots of the anterior edge are very
narrow ; the base is widely powdered with black ; near the internal
edge there is a well defined small black spot.

The secondaries have the base powdered with black, the two
ocelli are small and irregularly round, pale reddish, with a deep
black edge ; no anal spot.

Under side paler white and glossy ; with the same markings as
above but less distinct.

The four spots at the base of the secondaries are pale red, each
one limited outwardly by a black trait. (These spots do not occur
in P. clarius.) Towards the anal angle, there is a cuneiform spot
of a similar red, with a black line above and below it, and near it
and more outwardly, there is a black point.

The whole body is covered with long, yellowish hairs, which on
the front, the anterior of the thorax and under the abdomen are ~^*, \
shorter, closer and russety. Expands three inches and a half.

California. /C

FAM. II. PIERIDAE.

\ vV

Larva slightly pubescent, somewhat attenuated at iliu

extremity. Perfect insect with the abdominal edge of the\(

secondaries without a concavity. Discoidal cellule closed.
Hooks of the tarsi unidentate.

16 LEP1DOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

PIERIS SCHK.

Head rather small, short ; eyes naked, moderate ; palpi rather
long, somewhat compressed, a little cylindrical, clothed with rigid
hairs, slightly fasciculate ; the last article slender, nearly as long
as the preceding, forming a small acicular point ; antennas moderate,
the joints distinct, the club ovoid compressed. Abdomen not ro-
bust, a little shorter than the secondary wings. Wings moderately
strong, the discoidal cellule closed ; the internal edge of the
secondaries convex, embracing more or less the lower part of the
abdomen.

Larva cylindrical, elongate, pubescent, marked with longitudinal
rays and small granules more or less visible.

Chrysalis angular, terminated before by a point more or less
long, sometimes nearly smooth, and sometimes furnished with
tubercles more or less sharp, attached by the tail and a transverse
line.

Pieris may easily be distinguished from the neighboring genera
by the antennae not being truncated, the palpi less compressed,
of which the last article is always nearly as long as the preceding ;
by the less robust body and the wings more thin. Tliey never
have those central silver or ferruginous spots which are always
present on the discoidal cell of the under side of the wings of the
true Colias. The prevailing color is white, more or less spotted
with black.

1. P. monusta Hiibn. Samml. Exot. Boiscl. et Lee. pi. 1G. Hiibn.
Pap. Esot. Cram. 151. P. orseis Godt. P. cleomes Boisd.

Male. Upper surface of primaries, white with a black border,
wider at the summit, serrated within. Upper surface of seconda-
ries, entirely white in the males. Under surface of primaries white,
with the border pale brown, or yellow ochre.

Under surface of secondaries, yellow ochry, more or less pale,
with the border pale brown, and a saffron spot at the base.

T7ie female has an arcuated black line on the middle of the
primaries, and a marginal series of black triangular spots in the
secondaries.

PIERIS. 17

Body white ; thorax obscure ; shoulders grayish ; neck ferrugi-
nous. Antennas black, annulated with white ; tip of the club
greenish. Expands two to three inches.

Larva violet, with longitudinal bands of citron ; head, feet, and
lower part of the body yellow — a little greenish.

Chrysalis pale, yellowish, shaded with blackish, with a raised
point on the back.

Feeds on Chome pentaphylla.

Georgia to Brazil.

Boisu.

2. P. protodice Boisd. Boisd. et Lee. 45, pi. 17.

Male. Primaries white, with a large black trapezoidal spot near
the upper edge, and an oblique, raacular, black band ; the summit,
near the border, has four or five black triangular spots on the
nervures.

The upper side of the secondaries entirely white, sometimes
with a small group of blackish atoms near the internal angle.

The under side of the primaries resembles the upper, but the
black markings are paler — a little greenish at the summit.

The under side of the secondaries white, slightly tinted with
yellow or greenish, with the nervures more pale or ochry ; a slight
blackish spot on the border of the discoidal cellule, besides a mar-
ginal impression of dark atoms scarcely distinct from the ground
color.

The female has the black of the primaries more intense ; the
secondaries are white, tinted with grayish ; exterior edge dark,
with five or six white trapezoidal spots.

Under side washed with greenish brown in the nervures, and a
submarginal band of the same color.

Expands two and a half inches.

United States.

BOISD.

P. sisymbrii Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me ser. X, 284.

Upper side white ; primaries with a subcostal spot ; a trans-
verse, interrupted ray, and some longitudinal streaks at the end of
the nerves, blackish brown ; secondaries without spots.

Under side of primaries similar to the upper, except the streaks,
which are powdered with greenish brown.
2

18 LEP1DOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of secondaries white, with the nerves widely edged
with greenish brown, dilated towards the marginal edge, and
nearly united between this edge and the cellule by a transverse
ray ; obsolete, more or less interrupted.

California — rare.

BOISD.

P. leucodice Erersrn. Figured in Bulletin, Moscow, XVI. pi. 7, f. 2.

Winys on both sides white ; nerves black ; primaries on both
sides, with the usual median spot, occupying the transverse nervnre
and external fascia, black ; secondaries below, with the external
fascia, blackish.

Northwestern America.

EVEKSMANX.

P. autodice Hiibn. Samml. Exot. Boisd. Spec. Gen. 539.

Upper side of the male white; primaries, with some marginal
triangular blackish marks at the summit, preceded by a macular
transverse ray of the same color ; a black oblong spot in the form
of a transverse ray on the extremity of the discoidal cellule.

Upper side of female white, a little yellowish, with a marginal
row of black triangular marks on the four wings, nearly touching,
preceded by a sinuous row of sagittate spots, of which the con-
cavity is turned inwards ; the black spot of the discoidal cellule
of the primaries is large, quadrangular, and a little prolonged on
the upper edge.

Under side of the primaries differs from the upper in having the
discoidal spot cut by a white vein ; in having the summit of a pale
yellow, with the marginal marks less distinct, paler, and each one
divided by a whitish gray nervure.

Under side of secondaries pale yellow in both sexes, with the
nervures whitish gray, slightly edged with blackish, a little dilated
on the posterior edge ; a transverse ray of six sagittate spots,
blackish, corresponding to those on the upper side of the female ;
the upper edge, and two points at the base, saffron yellow ; a vein
of the same color, but paler in the discoidal cellule, and another
not far from the abdominal edge, a little mingled ; a small white
space on the extremity of the discoidal cellule, and a small black-
ish, oblong spot, pupilled with whitish, situated between the costal
and subcostal nervure.

PIERIS. 19

Body whitish ; head saffron yellow ; antenna? black, annulated
with white, with the club greenish white.
California — Chili.

3. P. oleracea Ilarr. Ins. Mass. (1842), 214.

All the wings white ; base of the primaries dusky.

Under side of primaries yellowish at apex ; riervures darkish.

Under side of secondaries straw color, with broad dusky nerv-
ures ; base, deep yellow.

Body black ; antennas blackish, annulated with white ; ochry at
the end of the club.

Northern States. — Expands two inches.

HARRIS.

P. casta Klrly. — P. cruciferarum Boisd. Spec. Geii. 519. Figured in
Kirby Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, pi. 3.

Antennae black, nnnulated with white ; wings white ; primaries,
at the anterior margin, sprinkled with blackish ; secondaries, under-
neath, with a few scattered black scales accompanying the nervures ;

wings rounded and very entire.

KIRBY.

P. menapia Felder. Wiener Entom. Monatschrift, III, No. 9, 271.

Wings tender, white ; veins black at the base ; elongate ; con-
colored ; costal streak and apical edge black ; this edge profoundly
sinuate within, and divided on the under side with six (in the male
five) large white spots.

Secondaries of the male with a submargiual streak, flexuous ;
blackish above, with black points situated at the extreme of the
veins ; below more distinct.

Secondaries of the female with the same streak, but much more
distinct and obscure ; below, the veins widely margined with fus-
cous ; the costa, the basal and other spots a little livid ; abdomen
above blackish, below whitish.

Utah.

FELDEB.

20 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ANTHOCARIS Boisn.

Head rather small, short ; eyes moderate, a little prominent ;
palpi rather long, somewhat divergent, bristled with stiff hairs,
somewhat fasciculate ; last article thin, very distinct, acicular,
scarcely -as long as the preceding ; antennse rather short, joints
distinct, terminated more or less abruptly by an ovoid, compressed
club. Abdomen not robust, a little shorter than the secondaries.
Wings delicate, discoidal cellule closed ; the secondaries lightly
embracing the under part of the abdomen.

Larva slender, pubescent, attenuated at both extremities.

Chrysalis naked, navicular; rings immovable, carinated, more or
less arcuated, destitute of lateral points ; attached by the tail and
a transverse line.

Anthocaris differs from Pieris in the form of the chrysalis, which
is navicular, equally attenuated at both ends, and in the antennae
of the perfect insect. It can easily be distinguished from the
allied genera by the delicate texture of the wings and the auroral
or reddish spot which covers more or less of the summit of the
primaries, at least of the males in two of our species.

1. A. genutia Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 193. Lherminieri (fern.) Godt.
A. Midea? Hiibn.

Wings white ; primaries, with external border concave, and the
summit pale orange ; upper edge near the base, sprinkled with
grayish, a small black point near the middle.

The fringe of the secondaries bordered with a range of small
black spots.

Undqr side of primaries white, with the summit greenish, small
black point in the middle.

Under side of secondaries marbled with green.

Expands an inch and an eighth.

The female is destitute of the orange summit, but has blackish
spots along that edge. The black spot on the middle of the
primaries is larger than in the male.

Southern States.

BOISD.

NATHALIS. 21

2. A. lanceolata Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me ser. X, 284.

A little larger than A. genutia, but destitute of the auroral spot
in the male as well as in the female.

Upper side white ; primaries with a black spot at one end of the
discoidal cellule, and at the other, some brownish black streaks.

Under side of primaries with the costal spot as above, and the
summit reticulated with greenish gray.

Under side of secondaries entirely marbled and finely reticulated
with greenish gray, with the edge marked with some small white
spots, of which one is largest.

California — rare.

BOISD.

3. A. sara Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me ser. "X, 285.

Upper side white, or white slightly tinted with yellow ; that of
the primaries marked at the summit with a large triangular orange
red spot, bordered with black ; the black spot of the discoidal
cellule is connected with the black border.

Upper side of the secondaries transparently showing the mark-
ings of the opposite side, and with some blackish, marginal spots,
more or less distinct.

Under side of primaries a little more pale than above.

Under side of secondaries finely pointed, and marbled with white
and greenish, like A. genutia.

The females with a paler spot, not edged with black, and divided
at the extremity by a series of sulphury white marginal points.

California.

BOISD.

NATHALIS BOISD.

Head rather large, bristled ; palpi long, separate, extending
beyond the eyes, covered with stiff hairs ; second article long, the
last much shorter than the preceding ; antenna? very short, joints
distinct, terminated abruptly by an oval, flattened club, a little
truncated at the summit; body moderate. Abdomen as long as
the secondaries. Wings not robust, discoidal cellule closed ; the
secondaries embrace a portion of the under side of the abdomen ;
the anterior border, in the male, with a small, oval, glandular,
naked impression.

22 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

It differs from Terias by its long, separate, and bristly palpi ;
from Anthocaris and Pieris, by the shortness of the antennae, and
especially by the small glandular space mentioned above.

1. N. iole Boisd. Spec. Gen. I, 589.

Wings saffron yellow; the primaries have at the summit a black,
rather large, triangular space, marked on the side with two small
yellow streaks. Below this space, not far from the internal angle,
a spot of the same color, surmounted by a small black point.
Secondaries without spots, or with the border, with small, blackish,
separate lines, nearly obsolete ; the costal border blackish, marked
with a lenticular space of dull gray, partly denuded.

The under side of the, primaries differs from the upper, the
ground color being paler, except along the side, where it is orange
yellow ; there is a small, discoidal, black point, and below the
apical blackish space there are three blackish spots.

The under side of the secondaries is greenish yellow, strongly
powdered with obscure atoms, especially towards the base, with
two transverse obsolete lines, formed by the condensed atoms.

Body blackish, powdered with yellowish atoms ; antennas short,
blackish, annulated with whitish, with the club much compressed,
and of a russety tint. Expands one inch.

Texas.

BOISD.

2. N. irene Fitch.

"Differs from N. iole in having the under side of the primaries
destitute of a blackish central dot, and of the three blackish spots
towards their inner angle, the hindmost one is here prolonged into
a broad stripe extending to the base of the wing, and slightly
separated from its inner edge ; and the base of the wing instead of
its outer edge is orange yellow."

Mississippi Valley.

FITCH.

RHODOCERA BOISD.

Head small, retracted ; eyes naked, not prominent ; palpi much
compressed, contiguous, furnished with short hairs, scaly ; last
article very short ; antennae rather short, truncated, more or less

RIIODOCERA. 23

arcuated, enlarging from the middle to the extremity ; thorax rather
robust, covered with line silky hairs. Wings rather robust, dis-
coidal cellule closed. The primaries always have the summit more
or less sharp and angular; the secondaries sometimes furnished
with a prominent angle, forming a groove, which embraces the
lower part of the body ; body shorter than the secondaries.

Larva feebly pubescent, attenuated at both extremities, green,
with a paler lateral ray.

Chrysalis much arcuated, spindle-shaped at both ends; always
attached by the tail, and a transverse line over the body.

Rhodocera strongly resembles the next genus, Callidryas ; but
it differs from that in the arcuated antenna? and angular wino-s

O D

The ground color is yellow, more or less pale. Ordinarily, there
is a ferruginous spot at the extremity of the cellule of each wing.
The median uervure of the secondaries is more prominent than in
the other genera. The males differ from the females in the more
lively yellow of the wings. In the American species, the costal
border of the primaries of the males is hispid, and rough to the
touch.

1. R. maerula Fab. E. S. Ill, 1, 212. Figured in Cram. Pap. II, pi. 129.
Hbst. Pap. pi. 103. Donov. Gen. illust. of Ent. pi. 2. Boisd. et
Lee. 71, pi. 23. R. ecUjjsis Cram. Hbst.

Yellow citron above, with a black point on the middle of the
primaries, and one of pale orange, slightly circled with black on
the secondaries.

The primaries are somewhat falcate at the summit; along the
outer border, a range of small orange points ; secondaries, angular.

ruder side paler than the upper; discoidal spot of each wing
ferruginous, and marked with a white point.

Body of same color as the wings ; antenna? reddish.

Female, more lively yellow than male. Expands three and a
half inches.

Southern States.

BOISD.

24 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA

2. R. lyside Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 93.

Upper side whitish green ; primaries, with the base, yellowish
orange, and the summit washed with yellow russety. Secondaries,
without spots.

Under side of primaries a little paler than the upper, with the
summit somewhat broader russety.

Under side of inferiors yellowish, without spots, the median
nervure very prominent ; antennae short, grayish rosy, with the end
of the club ferruginous.

Female whiter, with the upper side of the secondaries ochry
yellow, and the base of the primaries deprived almost entirely of
the yellow spot.

Southern States.

GOD ART.

3. R. rhamni Linn. Figured in Boisd. Spec. Gen. pi. 2, B. fig. 7.

Upper side of the male citron yellow, that of the female greenish
white, with an orange point on the extremity of the discoidal
cellule of each wing, and some very small indistinct ferruginous
points on the fringe.

Under side of the male paler than the upper; the' discoidal
orange spot is replaced in both sexes by a ferruginous point, a
little whitish in its centre.

Body blackish above, yellowish below, with white silky hairs on
the thorax and at the base of the abdomen. Expands over two
inches.

California.

BOISD.

CALLIDRYAS BOISD.

Inferior palpi much compressed, with short hairs ; last article
conical, much shorter than the preceding ; antennte of moderate
length, neatly truncated at the extremity, slightly arcuated, enlarg-
ing insensibly from the base to the extremity. Prothorax rather
long. Body robust. Abdomen much shorter than the secondaries.
Wings robust, discoidal cellule closed ; secondaries forming a
groove which embraces the under side of the body.

The Callidryas vary in color from orange yellow to pale saffron.
Their wings, always destitute of angles, ordinarily have on the

CALLIDIIYAS. 25

under side, at least in the females, one or two silvery or ferruginous
points. They are distinguished from Colias and Rhodoceras by
the absence of the rough costal edge of the primaries of the males,
of the prominent angles, and by the form of the antennae The
sexual difference is very striking, and this has led some writers to
describe the two sexes as different species.

1. C. enbule Linn. Figured in Boisd. Spec. Gen. pi. 2, B. fig. 6. Cram.
120. A. B. 163. A. B. C. Boisd. et Lee. 74, pi. 24. Sui. Abb. I, pi.
5. C. marcellina Cram.

Boisd. in Boisd. et Lee. p. 75, following the example of the old
authors, confounded this species with G. marcellina, making the
latter the male; but a subsequent comparison of the larvce con-
vinced him of his error.

Male. — Upper side yellow citron, with a thin indistinct border
of yellow, more dull and dentated on the primaries ; the fringe of
all the wings is marked by distant ferruginous small points.

Under side more deeply yellow ; primaries, with two ferruginous,
geminate points at the end of the discoidal cellule, followed by a
transverse, brownish, zigzag ray.

Under side of secondaries, with two discoidal, silvery points,
circled with ferruginous, situated on a sinuous, brownish line, pre-
ceded by red ferruginous points, more or less distinct, and followed
by a tortuous, brownish, indistinct line.

Female, or C. eubule of authors, of a more vivid yellow ; se-
condaries rounded, fringe orange, interrupted by transverse brown
lines or spots. Primaries, with a large brown spot on the middle,
cut by an orange arc ; border narrow, brown, crenulate, preceded
towards the summit by a tortuous, blackish, indistinct ray.

Under side more intensely yellow than the male, with the same
markings more prominent and more ferruginous ; the primaries
have two discoidal, united silvery points ; the secondaries have a
part of the points of the base united in a tortuous line, so that they
have three tortuous, transverse rays, of which the middle one is
joined with that of the primaries.

Body yellowish, with greenish hairs on the thorax; antennae,
and under side of the last article of the palpi, rose brown. Ex-
pands about two and three quarter inches.

Florida.

BOISD.

26 LEPIDOrTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. C. marcelliaa F«l>. E. S. Ill, 1, 209. Figured in Donov. Nat. Eepos.
pi. 0. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 5. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 24. C. eubule et mar-
cell ina Godt.

It is almost impossible to distinguish this species from G. eubule,
The most positive character is, that the secondaries are less
rounded, and the anal angle more prominent.

The upper side of the male is similar to that of C. eubule; but the
under side has the points and tortuous lines more obsolete ; the
geminate ferruginous points of the primaries are replaced by a
red or ferruginous point, cut by a small yellow nervure ; and the
two discoida!, silvery points of the secondaries, are a little smaller.

The upper side of the female has the same designs as Eiibulf,
only that the secondaries have the posterior border very indistinctly
marked by small brown lines or spots.

Under side similar to 0. enlide, only that it is ordinarily strewed
with small ferruginous atoms.

Larva deep citron yellow, punctured with black, and a blue
transverse ray on each segment ; abdomen below and feet yellow,
with a lateral range of small blue lines above the feet. Feeds on
Cassia.

Southern States.

BOISD.

COLIAS FAB.

Inferior palpi much compressed, covered with short silky hairs,
rose red; last article much shorter than the preceding ; antennae
straight, short, rose red, terminating in an obtuse cone, which
extends more than a fourth of (heir length. Abdomen shorter than
the secondaries ; thorax robust ; color more or less lively yellow ;
border black.

Colias differs from Pieris in the shorter antennae, insensibly
terminating in an obconical club ; in the black border common to
all the wings; in the primaries, usually having a black discoidal
point, and the secondaries a central point, orange above and
ordinarily silvery below, accompanied by another small point, in a
small reddish or ferruginous spot on the insertion of the median
nerve, at the base of secondaries below.

COLIAS. 27

Larva smooth, slightly pubescent, a little attenuated at the
extremities.

Chrysalis carinated above, not arcuate, destitute of lateral points,
terminating anteriorly in a point ; always attached by the tail, and
a transversal line placed below the middle of the body.

1. C. caesonia Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 93. Figured in Boi.sil. et Leo.

b'7, pi. 22. Stoll. Snppl. Craui. pi. 41. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap.
Exot. pi. 39. C. ]>ftilt'j>))a? Fab.

Wings beautiful yellow ; primaries, with the summit, very sharp,
sometimes a little falcate.

Primaries blackish at the base, a large black point in ihe
middle ; a wide black border, sinuate, or rather emarginate inte-
riorly, making- the yellow part bear a rude resemblance to a dog's
head, of which the black point forms the eye. On the upper edge,
near the summit, are three whitish oblong streaks. Fringe rosy.

Secondaries with a black border strongly dentated within ; two
large geminate discoidal orange spots, and some streaks of the
same color near the border. Fringe yellow, washed with rosy.

Under side of the primaries dull yellow, except in the middle.;
a black eye with a silvery pupil.

Under side of secondaries deep yellow, with two silvery, dis-
coidal, geminate points, circled with ferruginous; besides this, a
transverse line of ferruginous points, as in most of the species.

Body blackish above ; yellowish below ; antennaj reddish.

The female is of yellow, less bright; the border of the primaries
is of black, less deep, with some indistinct yellow streaks ; the
border of the secondaries is interrupted, and the surface here and
there presents some traces of rosy. Expands two inches and a
half.

Larva green, with a lateral white band, punctured with yellow;
besides this band, there is on each segment a transverse black
band, bordered with yellow. Feeds on different species of Trifo-
lium.

Southern States EOISD.

2. C. edusa Fab. Ent. System. Godt. Encyc. IX, 103. Figured in most

of the European works on this subject.

Wings yellow, inclining to fulvous, more or less mingled with
greenish on the secondaries.

28 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The primaries have a large black point at the extremity of the
discoidal cellule, and a wide border of the same color, sinuated
interiorly, a little dilated at the summit, and divided at this part
bvjine yellow nemires; the secondaries have on the disk an orange
spot, and at the extremity a black border following that on the
primaries, more or less sinuated within, and terminating in a point
a little before the anal angle.

Under side of the primaries differs from the upper in being a
little more pale ; all the part corresponding to the border is
yellowish green, preceded by a transverse line of points, of which
the three inferior are black, and the others ferruginous and

smaller.

The under side of the secondaries is yellowish green, with two
geminate, discoidal, silvery points, bordered with ferruginous cor-
responding to the orange spot, of which the outer is the smaller;
besides this,- there is a reddish line at the base, on the insertion of
the median nerve ; a small ferruginous spot on the costal edge,
followed by a transverse line of ferruginous points in a line with
those of the primaries.

The fringe of all the wings is yellow, interrupted with brown
above and rosy below.

Body yellow greenish ; back black ; antennae and feet rosy.

The female differs from the male in having the border divided
by a yellow band, macular, interrupted on the primaries.

Larva, which feeds on Trifolium, is green, with a lateral ray
mingled with white and yellow, marked with a fulvous point on

each ring.

Chrysalis green, with a lateral yellow line and some ferruginous

points.

Inhabits the four quarters of the globe.

BOISD.

3. C. chrysotheme Eiibn.. Pap. 426-8. Figured in Boisd. Spec. Gen.
pi. 2, B. fig. 5. Boisd. Icones, pi. 9, fig. 34. Hiibn. Europ. Schmett.
pi. 85.

llesembles O. edusa, but paler; border browner, divided by fine
yellow nervures. The primaries are broadly yellow on the edge ;
the discoidal point more narrow, transverse, surrounded with ferru-
ginous. The discoidal spot on the under side of the primaries has
a silvery pupil.

In the female the yellow orange occupies only the disk of the

COLIAS. 29

primaries, and the yellow spots which divide the border are larger,
more distinct, and paler.

Inhabits North America and Europe.

BOISD.

4. C. philodice Codt. Encyc. Mi>th. IX, 100. Figured in Boisd. et Lee.

64, pi. 21. Swains. Zool. Illust. 1st series, pi. 60. Lucas, Hist.
Nat. des Pap. Exot. pi. 39. C. anthyale Hiibn.

Upper side canary yellow, with a black border, slightly sinuous
within, and terminating on the secondaries, a little before the anal
angle. Primaries, with a black point near the upper edge.
Secondaries, with a pale orange point on the disk.

Under side of primaries canary yellow, with the edge and ex-
tremity a little russety ; the discoidal point usually pupilled with
white.

The under side of the secondaries is yellow, a little russety, with
two geminate, discoidal, silvery points, bordered with ferruginous,
of which the outer one is the smaller; parallel to the.outer edge
of both wings there is a series of ferruginous points.

The fringe of the four wings is rosy below ; more dull above.

Body and antennce as in the other species.

The female has the border less black, a little wider, a little
dilated at the summit, divided on the primaries by a maculav band
interrupted by the ground color ; the discoidal point pupilled with
whitish above.

A female variety is sometimes found with wings nearly white.

Inhabits the United States.

BOISD.

5. C. amphidusa Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 236.

Wings with the border of the same form and width as edusa ;
slightly powdered with yellowish atoms, and diyided at the summit
of the primaries by three or four fine yellow nerves. The upper
edge slightly powdered with citron yellow.

Female, sulphury white.

California.

BOISD.

6. C. eurytheme Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X.

Perhaps only a variety of 0. chrysotheme.
Usually much larger, of a brighter orange fulvous, with the
yellow nervures less numerous. The spots which divide the border

30 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

of the secondaries in the females are less neat and less distinct than
in C. chrysotheme.

California, Mexico, and some of the States.

BOISD.

7. C. pelidne Boisd. Boisd. et Lee. 66, pi. 21.

Upper side of all the wings yellow, inclining a little to greenish,
with a black border, regularly sinuated on the internal side, and
ending on the secondaries towards the middle of their outward
sco in.

Under side of the primaries is paler, with the edge powdered
with darker atoms, and an oval, central, elongated point, pupilled
with reddish.

Under side of the secondaries is greenish yellow, with a rounded,
central, reddish point, surmounted by another much smaller point
of the same color. The base also has a reddish point.

The fringe of all the wings is red ; antenna? yellowish rosy, with
the knob brownish above and yellowish below.

Labrador.

BOISD.

8. C. pliicomone Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 100.

Upper side greenish yellow in the male ; greenish white in the
female, covered in both sexes with a blackish powder, usually less
abundant in the disk of the primaries, marked with a black dis-
coidal point ; a rather wide blackish border, and divided by a
range of spots of the ground color. Secondaries have also a black
border, divided by a band of the ground color; but the black
often disappears, especially in the female, so that the border is
formed by a yellow or whitish band ; a discoidal yellow spot.

Under side of the primaries white, more or less greenish, with
the summit russety -yellow ; a silver discoidal point, bordered with
ferruginous, sometimes united to a smaller point; a small ferrugi-
nous spot on the insertion of the median nervure and the costal
edge.

Labrador.

BOISD.

9. C. nastes fioisd. Spec. Gen. I, 648.

Smaller than C. plticomone, but very similar to it.
Under side yellow, a little greenish, powdered as in pliicomone,
with the fringe and the edge of the primaries a little more rosy ;

COLIAS. 31

primaries with n blackish border, insensibly mingling with the
yellow, divided by small elliptical yellow spots, placed on the
nervures ; a black discoidal point, sometimes ocellated. Seconda-
ries nearly like phicomone.

Under side of the primaries white, more or less greenish, with
the summit yellowish, and a black discoidal point, pupilled with
whitish.

Under side of the secondaries greenish yellow, covered with a
fine blackish dust from the base to beyond the middle, and marked
at the extremity of the discoidal cellule with a solitary small spot
of a ferruginous reddish, pupilled with russety white. Antennae
red, with the under side of the club yellow.

Female whitish above, less powdered with blackish atoms than
the female of C. phicomone, with the border of the primaries

divided by regular elliptical spots.

Labrador.

BO:.«D.

10. C. hyale Linn. Figured in Fischer Entom. <le la Russie, pi. 11.
C. palaeno Fisch.

Upper side saffron yellow, with a large black point at the end of
the discoidal cellule of the primaries, and a pale orange spot, a
little bilobed, on the disk of the secondaries. Primaries with a
black border at the extremity, widened at the summit; cut its
whole length by a suite of spots of the ground color, of which the
two intermediary are less distinct, and the following ones some-
times mingled with the general tint. Secondaries with a blackish
border, narrow, often macular, and sometimes nearly obsolete,
especially in the males.

Under side of the primaries has no border, summit yellow, a
little russety, preceded by a transverse line of blackish points.

Under side of secondaries entirely russcty yellow, with two
geminate points, discoidal, silvery, bordered with ferruginous,- cor-
responding to the orange spot of the upper side, of which the
exterior is the smallest; besides this, a small reddish mark at the
base, a small ferruginous spot on the costal edge, followed by a
transverse line of ferruginous points, on a line with those of the
primaries. Fringe reddish, as well as the upper edge.

Body yellow, with the head ferruginous ; palpi, antennae, and
feet reddish.

32 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Female pale saffron yellow, and nearly white above.

California — Europe — Africa — Siberia.

BOISD.

11. C. vosnesenski M6n6tri6s. Figured in Cat. Petersburg Imper. Acad.

Sci. 77.

Nearly the size of G. caesonia; but the primaries are much more
pointed at the summit, and the external edge more falcate.

The primaries have a beautiful, vivid, yellow spot on the disk ;
a violet reflection over all the wing ; base powdered with black, as
well as the whole length of the anterior edge; a black discoidal
point ; the black border of the external edge is wider than in C.
caesonia ; it is emarginated, square, somewhat, as in this species,
but it encroaches more on the yellow spot so as to nearly touch the
discoidal point, which completely destroys the likeness to a dog's
head, so distinctly marked in C. caesonia.

The fringe is rosy, with some yellow spots on each side of the
summit.

The secondaries are beautiful citron yellow, covered over with
orange yellow without any spot, only that the trace of the dis-
coidal point of the under side is indicated by an orange point.

The under side of the four wings as in C. caesonia, only that the
discoidal point of the primaries is smaller, and the second silver
point of the secondaries is larger. Head black ; antenna reddish;
thorax black, with some scattered yellow hairs.

Body black, a little yellowish below.

California.

TERIAS SWAINS.

Head short, inclined, somewhat concealed under the costal edge
.of the primaries ; eyes miked ; palpi very short, covered with short
hairs, scaly ; last article small, thin, naked, much shorter than the
preceding ; antennas slender, articulation distinct, terminating in
an ovoid or conic club, a little arcuate, slightly compressed late-
rally.

Body rather slender ; prothorax very short. Abdomen com-
pressed, extending the length of the secondaries. Wings thin,

TERIAS. 33

delicate, rather wide, discoidal cellules closed ; primaries having
the costal edge strongly arcuate towards the base ; the seconda-
ries embracing the abdomen below.

This genus has been sometimes confounded with Pieris and
again with Colin s. It differs from the first in having the palpi
furnished with shorter and more closely set hairs, and the last
article very short. It differs from the second in the delicate
texture, the arcuate antennae, the laterally compressed club, and
the wings destitute of the discoidal silvery spots below.

The thin and delicate wings are usually yellow, with the summit
of the primaries deep black, contrasting agreeably with the ground
color.

1. T. nicippe Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 208. Figured in Grain. Pap. pi.
210. Herbst. Pap. pi. 107. Eoisd. et Lee. 55, pi. 20. Say's Arner.
Ent. pi. 30. Lucas' Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pi. 38.

Upper side lively yellow orange, with a wide black common
border, sinuate within, wider at the summit of the primaries, where
it is surmounted on the upper edge with three or four small yellow
streaks. The primaries also have on the extremity of the discoidal
cellule a small black crescent, and the upper edge towards the base
is densely sprinkled with black.

Under side of primaries paler.

Under side of secondaries yellow, with brown atoms ; a small
discoidal black dot; a brownish spot on the middle of the costal
edge ; then a transverse band, undulate, more or less brownish.

Female differs from the male in being paler and often of a yellow
color ; the black border of the primaries suddenly ceases a little
before the internal angle, and that on the secondaries is partly
effaced towards the anal angle.

Larva, which feeds on Cassia and Tri folium, is pale green, with
a dorsal ray more obscure, and a lateral white band, marked before
with five yellow points.

Chrysalis green, a little arcuate, sprinkled with ferruginous spots.

United States. — Expands a little over two inches.

BOISD.

34 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. T. lisa Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gen. I, 661. Figured in Boisd. et Lee.
53, pi. 19. Boisd. Spec. Gen. pi. 2. T. smilax Godt.

Wings citron yellow above. Primaries have the base powdered
with blackish ; a small black discoidal point ; a black border,
beginning at the middle of the upper edge, dilated at the summit,
and dentated within.the whole length.

Secondaries have a narrow black border, dentated within, obso-
lete towards the anal angle.

Fringe of all the wings rosy above.

Under side of primaries yellow, with a small black discoidal
point, and the upper edge embroidered with reddish.

Under side of secondaries yellow, sprinkled with obscure atoms,
with three small blackish points, of which one is on the base, and
two on the disk ; a blackish, undulate, transverse, macular ray,
followed on the external angle by a roundish, ferruginous spot.

The four wings are edged with red ferruginous, interrupted by
small black points, and separated from the fringe by a thin line of
silver white.

Female pale saffron yellow, with the base of the superiors more
densely powdered with blackish.

Larva, which feeds on Cassia and Glycina, is green, with four
longitudinal whitish rays.

Chrysalis green.

Southern States. — Expands nearly two inches.

BOISD.

3. T. delia Cram. Figured in Cram. Pap. Esot. pi. 273. Herbst. pi. 1 7.
Boisd. et Lee. pi. 18. T. daira Godt.

Primaries citron yellow, with a wide black border, dentated
within, ending abruptly before reaching the internal angle. Tipper
edge sprinkled with blackish ; a blackish longitudinal band, rather
wide, parallel to the internal edge, bordered with marigold below,
and not extending to the internal angle.

Secondaries yellow ; a black, marginal, triangular spot on the
outer angle, in a line with some small, indistinct, marginal points
or streaks of the same color, situated on the extremity of the
nervures.

Fringe of all the wings above rosy.

Under side of primaries yellow, with the edge and summit wine
red, and two small black discoidal points.

TERIAS. 35

Under side of secondaries wine red, two small blackish discoidal
points, and a transverse, undulate, brownish, interrupted band.

The female is destitute, or nearly so, of the black longitudinal
band, and of the marginal, marigold line. The base is sprinkled
with blackish.

Larva, which feeds on' Tri folium , Cassia, and Gbjcinc, is green,
with a longitudinal white line on each side above the feet.

Chrysalis green.

Southern States. — Expands an inch and a half.

\ BOISD.

4. T. jncunda Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gen. 1, 665. Figured in Boisd. et
Lee. pi. 19.

Primaries like those of T. delict, except that the fringe is white,
and the ground color of a less lively yellow.

Secondaries yellow saffron, with a blackish border, a little sinu-
ated within, and nearly obsolete before reaching the anal angle.

Under side of primaries yellow in the middle ; other parts
whitish, sprinkled with grayish atoms.

Under side of secondaries white, finely aspersed with grayish.

Female paler ; primaries densely powdered with blackish, desti-
tute of the marigold line; border of secondaries a little wider, and
sometimes interrupted by yellow streaks.

N. America. — Expands about an inch.

T. proterpia Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gen. 654. Figured in Lucas' Hist.
Nat. des Pap. Esot. pi. 38.

Upper side orange red in the male, and russety yellow ochre in
most of the females ; nervures black towards the extremity. Pri-
ijiurics, with a black border along the upper edge, rather wide,
continuing more or less on the outer edge. Secondaries without
a border, or with a blackish border effaced ; outer edge angular
in the middle.

Under side of all the wings paler than on the upper; that of the
primaries without border or spots, that of the secondaries more or
less sprinkled on the disk with spots or atoms a little more obscure,
sometimes nearly obsolete.

The nervnres of the ground color, or only those of the primaries
blackish at the extremity. Secondaries without any border, with
the exterior angle much more prominent and prolonged, in the
form of a tail.

36 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of secondaries more densely sprinkled or speckled
with atoms and ferruginous spots.

Texas — Mexico. — Expands 18 to 22 French lines.

BOISD.

T. mexicana Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gen. 679. Figured on pi. 3, C. fig.
1, of Boisd. Spec. Gen.

Wings brilliant citron yellow ; primaries with a black border at
the extremity, rather wide, ending squarely at the internal angle,
showing near the middle a rather deep quadrangular sinus ; the
outer edge slightly sinuate, and whitish ; secondaries, with the
middle of the exterior edge prolonged to a prominent angle, in
the form of a tail ; a black border of moderate width, a little
dentated on its internal side, not reaching the internal angle ;
costal edge washed with orange yellow, mingling with the ground
color.

Under side of the primaries pale citron yellow, with a black
central point, the edge intersected with brown points ; the outer
edge reddish near the fringe.

Under side of secondaries yellow, sprinkled with ferruginous
atoms, with a blackish central point ; edge intersected with ferru-
ginous points, and marked near the external angle with a spot of
the same color ; the posterior half having four or five other spots
of the same color, of which two or three are in a line, and tending
to form a transverse band ; the middle of the outer edge more or
less washed with ferruginous.

female differs from the male in the upper side being yellowish
white, with a wider border, the quadrangular sinus more profound;
the anterior edge of the secondaries widely orange yellow, and
below, three ferruginous posterior spots form on the secondaries a
narrow, transverse, ferruginous band.

Texas — Louisiana — Mexico.

BOISD.

FAM. III. DANAIDAE.

Larva smooth, cylindric, with five pairs of simple, fleshy,
flexible processes. Chrysalis rather short, cylindric, with
brilliant golden spots. Perfect insect ; palpi separated; thorax
and pectus with spots. Wings wide, discoidal cellule closed,
llooks of the tarsi simple.

DANAIS. 37

DANAIS BOISD.

Head a little more narrow than the thorax ; antenna) rather
long, insensibly terminating in a club ; palpi remote, with the last
article short, acicular, and straight ; white points on the head,
prothorax, thorax, and breast. Abdomen rather thin, nearly as
long as the secondaries. "VYings wide, with the outer edge some-
what sinuate. Secondaries of the males have usually, towards the
anal angle, a very black spot or tubercle, divided by a grayish
ray in relief, placed on the extremity of the nervure.

Our two species have two ranges of whitish points on the
blackish border of the wings.

1. D. berenice Cram. Figured in Cram. Pap. pi. 205. Sin. Abb. vol. I,
pi. 7. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 39. D. erippus Godt. Fab. D. gilippus
Sm. Abb. Godt.

Wings rufous brown, often more obscure at the base, with n
black border extending from the upper edge of the primaries to
the anal angle of the secondaries.

The primaries have on both sides a number of white spots on
the upper edge and disk, forming usually two marginal ranges, of
which the outer divides the border.

The secondaries have sometimes the black border without any
points, and sometimes it is divided by one or even two ranges of
white points.

The under side of the primaries differs very little from the
upper; but the under side of the inferiors is divided by wide
black veins, bordered with whitish. The disk has three or four
white points, situated on the edge of the discoidal cellule. The
black marginal border is divided by two rows of white points.

The nervures on the upper surface of the secondaries in the
female are finely lined with grayish white.

The larva, which feeds on Nerium, Asdepias, &c., is whitish
violet, with transverse stripes of a deeper color; a transverse band
of reddish brown, on each ring, divided in its length by a narrow
yellow band. Along the feet a longitudinal band of yellow citron.
Ijong, fleshy processes, of brown purple, disposed in pairs on the
second, fifth, and eleventh rings.

Chrysalis green, with golden points on the anterior side, and a

38 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

semicircle of the same color on the dorsal side, a little beyond the
middle, separated from a blue band by a row of small black dots.
Southern States. — Expands three and three quarter inches.

BOISD.

2. D. archippus Sm. Alb. Figured in Sm. Abb. vol. I, pi. 6. Cram.
206. Hiibn. Esot. Samml. Say's Amer. Ent. Ill, pi. 54. Boisd. et
Lee. 137, pi. 40. D. merjalippe Hiibn.

The four wings somewhat sinuate, fulvous above, with a rather
brilliant reflection ; all the wings entirely margined with deep
black, having, in fresh specimens, a bluish reflection ; nervures
same color. The summit of the primaries has three oblong,
fulvous spots, preceded by eight or ten smaller, white or yellowish
white extending to the middle of the upper edge. Two rows of
white spots on the outer borders of all the wings; occasionally the
inner row is ferruginous. The fourth nervure of the secondaries
has a large black spot or tubercle.

The under side presents the same markings as the upper, but
the points of the posterior edge are larger and all white. The
ground color of the secondaries is nankin yellow, with the nervures
slightly bordered with whitish. The emarginations of all the
wings white.

Body black, with yellowish points on the thorax and breast.

The female has wider nervures, and is destitute of the black
tuberculous spot on the secondaries.

Larva whitish, transversely fasciated with black and yellow. It
has two pairs of fleshy processes, blackish, of whic"h the anterior
pair are situated on the second ring, which are much longer than
the other pair, situated on the eleventh ring. Feeds on Asclepias.

Chrysalis pale green, with golden points before ; a semicircle
of gold behind, bordered below by a range of small black clots.

Middle and Southern States. — Expands four and a half inches.

BOISD.

FAM. IV. HELICONIDAE.

Larva cylindric, spinose the whole length. Perfect insect;
palpi short, separate, not much elevated. Abdomen thin,
elongate. Wings oblong, narrow, elongate. Abdominal
edge of the secondaries scarcely embracing the under side of
the abdomen. Discoidal cellule closed.

HELICOXIA. 39

HELICONIA FAB.

Palpi extending a little beyond the clypeus ; second article
much longer than the first; antennae filiform, gradually enlarging
towards the extremity. Wings oblony, narrow. Abdomen elon-
gate ; four walking feet in both sexes.

1. H. charitonia Linn. Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 757. Figured in Cram.

pi. 191. Boisd. et Lee. 140, pi. 41. Lucas' Hist. Nat. des Pap.
Exot. pi. 50.

Wings black, with bands of citron yellow. The primaries have
three, of which the two outer are transverse and oblique ; the inner
one proceeds directly from the base to the middle, where it makes
an elbow to gain the posterior edge above the internal angle.

The secondaries have two transverse bauds, of which the upper
is the wider, straight and continuous ; the lower is curved, and
formed of spots of different sizes. The posterior edge, which is
slightly sinuate, has, towards the anal angle, a range of six or
seven small yellow points, and near the base there are one or two
points of carmine.

The under side resembles the upper, except that the yellow
bands are paler ; the primaries have the upper edge reddish at the
base ; the secondaries have four blood red points, disposed two by
two near the abdominal edge, and separated by the upper band ;
and, finally, the marginal points of these secondaries are whitish,
and extend to the summit.

Body black, with yellow points on the head and thorax, and
lines of the same color on the sides of the breast and abdomen.

Georgia and Florida. — Expands three inches and a half.

BOISD.

2. H. diaphana Drury. (Westwood's Ed.) Figured in Jardine's Nat.

Libr. vol. IV, pi. 12, fig. 3. Drury, vol. II, pi. 7.

Upper side: antennae black and very long; thorax and abdo-
men dark brown.

Wings transparent, vitreous. Primaries with the anterior edges
bending inwards. A small narrow border of dark brown runs
entirely round the edges of these wings, and on the anterior edges
about a third from the tips, runs a dark brown streak towards the
middle of the wings, close to which is a small white spot, joining

4 0 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

to the anterior edge. Secondaries having also a very narrow
border, running about two-thirds round them, and stopping at the
abdominal edges. Some long yellowish hairs are placed on the
anterior edges near the body.

Under side: palpi, sides, breast, ash colored. The dark brown
borders surrounding the wings appear on this side orange brown ;
the rest as on the upper side ; margins of the wings entire.

Texas.

WESTWOOD'S DRURY.

FAM. Y. NYMPIIALIDAE.

Larva cylindric, spinose'the whole length, or only on the
head. Chrysalis variable. Perfect insect; palpi usuall}7 close,
elevated, very scaly ; the anterior face of their first two
articles nearly as wide or wider than their sides. Abdominal
edge of the secondaries forming a deep groove to receive the
abdomen. Discoidal cellule nearly always open. Hooks of
the tarsi bifid.

ACRAULIS BOISD.

Head large, at least as wide as the thorax ; antenna? rather
long, terminated by a flattened club, more elongate, and less
rounded than in Argynnis ; palpi ascending, a little divergent at
the summit, covered with close-set hairs ; the first article very
short, obtuse. Abdomen shorter than the secondaries ; discoidal
cellule of the latter always open ; primaries elongate, with the
posterior edge sinuate; the secondaries denticulate.

1. A. vanillae Linn. Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 787. Figured in Cram. pi. 212.
Stoll. Suppl. pi. 1. Sulz. Gesch. pi. 18. Clerck, Icon. pi. 40.
Boisd. et Lee. 143, pi. 42. A. passiflorae Fab.

Male, bright fulvous; female, more dull; primaries elongate,
posterior border a little concave, divided at the summit by the
veins, and lower down by streaks, widest at the edge, black.
Disk, with some black spots, of which two or three of those
situated in the discoidal cellule are pupilled with white. In some
specimens, these pupils are obsolete.

The secondaries are bordered by a black band, crenated on the
outside, and divided by large spots of the ground color. Between
the centre and outer edge there are three or four black spots.

AUGTNNIS. 41

The under side of the primaries differs from the upper in having
the summit dull yellow (the color of dead leaves), with six or
seven silver spots, and the costal spots pupilled with silver.

The under side of the secondaries is dull yellow, with about
seventy-two very brilliant silver spots, elongate, of which the
marginal are smaller. The upper edge at the base is also silvery.
Among the spots in the middle, one is strongly emarginate, or
nearly separated in two.

Body fulvous above, yellowish below, with white dots on the
head, and silvery lines on the breast.

Larva cylindric, pale, fulvous, with four blackish longitudinal
bands, of which the two dorsal are sometimes obsolete; furnished
with ranges of blackish ramose spines, of which two are placed on
the summit of the head. Head with a whitish ray on each side,
lined with black ; feet black.

Chrysalis russety brown, with some paler shades. Feeds on
Passijiora.

Southern States. — Expands four inches.

BOISD.

ARG1TNKTS FAB.

Head large, at least as wide as the thorax; antennse rather long,
abruptly terminated by a flattened club, grooved; palpi pilose,
somewhat remote ; the first article slender, naked at its extremity,
and pointed like a needle. Abdomen shorter than the secondaries.
Wings sinuate or denticulate.

Ground color fulvous, usually with black points, forming sinu-
ous, transverse lines, and sometimes with a blackish border, more
or less wide ; the under side usually has nacred spots, or violet or
ferruginous nacred reflections.

1. A. idalia Fab. Fab. Ent. emend. Ill, 145. Figured in Crara. pi. 44.
Drury I, pi. 13. Herbst. pi. 252. Boisd. et Lee. 147, pi. 43. Lucas'
Hist. Nat. cles Pap. Exot. pi. 5U.

Upper side of primaries fulvous, with about fifteen black spots,
of which the upper are linear, situated in the discoidal cellule ;
below these they form a zigzag, transverse line ; the others are
round, smaller, and disposed in a line parallel to the outer edge ;
this edge is covered by a wide black band, dentated within, and

42 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

divided, in the male, by a range of yellowish crescents ; and in the
female, by a row of white spots.

The female has also some white spots on the summit, where the
border dilates considerably.

The upper side of the secondaries is steel blue, with the base .
russety, traversed by two rows of large white points, of which the
outer are yellow in the male.

The under side of the primaries resembles the upper, except that
the terminal band is less deep, and the spots which divide it are
nacre.

The tinder side of the secondaries is dull brown (dead leaves),
with about twenty-eight nacred spots, of which the seven marginal
are crescents ; those of the disk are conic, divided or bordered by
a black line ; the edge at the base nacre. Emargiuations of the
wings whitish.

Body blackish, with yellow hairs on the thorax.

United States. — Expands nearly five inches.

BOISD.

2. A. diana Cram. Cram. II, 4. Figured in Cram. pi. 98. Herbst. pi.

253. Say's Amer. Ent. pi. 17.

Wings slightly dentate ; black brown from the base to the
middle, then fulvous to the edge. The fulvous forms a wide band,
crenate within, having on the primaries two transverse rows of
black points, and on the secondaries only one row.

The black points are obsolete on the under side of the primaries ;
the dark part is marked with two nacre spots, preceded within by
three fulvous streaks, and outwardly by three small yellowish spots.

Tinder side of secondaries much paler than the upper, with nine
nacre spots, of which three are triangular, situated between the
base and the middle of the outer edge ; the seven others are cres-
cent, on a line with the posterior edge.

Southern States.

SAY.

3. A. cybele Godt. Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 2(33. Figured in Cram.

pi. 57. Herbst. pi. 255. Bois.d. et Lee. 151, pi. 45. A. chijilm/-:
Cram. A. aphrodite Fab.

Upper side obscure from the base to the middle ; deeper in the
female ; then fulvous, with three transverse rows of black spots, of
which the interior are in a zigzag line. Those intermediary are

ARGYNNIS. 43

round ; the exterior crescent. In the discoidal cellule there are
some marks as in the analogous species. The outer edge is pre-
ceded by a black line crossed by nervures of the same color. ,

Under side of the primaries like the upper, except that the base
is fulvous ; and opposite the summit there are some silvery spots,
of which four or five rest on the black crescents.

Under side of the secondaries brown ferruginous, with the base
and about twenty-four spots, nacre; the spots at the base are
small ; those of the middle larger; those of the edge triangular,
:ind separated from the preceding by a yellowish band, losing itself
in the ferruginous.

Body brownish ; antenna blackish ; club black, tipped with
fulvous.

This species is usually confounded with A. aphrodite, but is
different, as will be seen from the description.

United States. — Expands nearly three inches.

BOI.SP.

4. A. aphrodite Fab. Fab. Syst. Ent. Ill, 1, 144. Similar to A. cijbele,
for which it is usually taken.

Pr-imartes tawny orange brown at base, spotted, inscribed and
reticulated with black; at the posterior margin, a deep orange
band, edged with black ; above this, a series of black crescents,
succeeded by one of round spots ; the costal margin is barred with
black, the three anterior bars being angular, and the fourth shaped
like the letter P ; this is followed by three others less distinct ;
the reticulations of the disk terminate posteriorly in a zigzag black
band ; underneath, at the external angle, are five silver marginal 4L**-
series of crescents, above which the wing is spotted with black,
with a few paler spots surmounted by a black crescent; underneath
they are reddish brown, with a pale, tawny, marginal band. A
marginal series, consisting of seven silver triangular spots, edged '
with black, next follows ; and a second series, consisting of the
same number, differing in shape, edged also with black, the inter-
mediate one being the smallest; a third series of four spots suc-
ceeds, that next the costal margin is crescent-shaped ; the second
is subtriangular, divided by a black line ; the third is oblong ; th.>
fourth minute. At the base are five spots, varying in form ; on
the shoulders is also a silver spot, and the inner margin is silvered,
but less couspiculously. Fringe pale, barred with black.

Fabricius does not mention the two costal silver spots of the

44 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

prone surface of the primaries. In some specimens these appear
not silvered.

United States — Canada. — Expands 2^ to 2| inches.

KlKBY.

Doubleday, in lit., says: "A. aphrodite is smaller and rather

brighter than A. cybele. It has the outer margin of the primaries

quite black, instead of the fulvous markings of A. cybele. The

.margins of the secondaries have an additional black line ; flight also

different."

5. A. columbina Godt. Godt. Encyc. Method. IX. Figured in Crarn.
pi. 209 et 69. Boisd. et Lee. 153, pi. 41. A. hegesia Cram. A. claudia
Cram.

Winr/s bright fulvous above, paler in the female, with a trans-
verse, posterior row of black points; outer edge black, divided by
u range of fulvous crescents ; the four wings are traversed by two
black zigzag lines.

The primaries have, besides, two annular black spots on the
discoidal cellule.

The under side of the primaries has the upper edge fulvous ; the
second zigzag line is obsolete, and at the summit there is a grayish
triangular space more or less distinct.

Under side of secondaries yellow russety, tainted with brownish ;
two whitish transverse bands, of which the anterior is discoidal,
extending somewhat on the nerves; the second is marginal, narrow,
dentated within, separated from the first by a row of black spots
pupilled with grayish.

Body of same color as the wings.

This species varies much according to localities. There are
some on which the second zigzag ray is obsolete ; others, on which
the first is apparent only in the primaries ; others again, which
show scarcely any trace of the whitish transverse on the under side
of the secondaries.

Larva spiny, reddish yellow, with two lateral bands, and a series
of dorsal spots, white ; abdomen whitish, with the head and feet
black; spines blackish, and the two on the first ring are much
larger, and directed towards the front like antennas.

< '/trysalis white, moderately angular, scattered with black dots
and streaks ; dorsal points yellow.

Southern States. — Expands three inches.

BOISD.

ARGYNN1S. 45

6. A. xnyrina Cram. Cram. Encyc. Method. IX, 268. Figured in Cram.

pi. IS-!). Herbst. pi. 255. Boisd. et Lee. 155, pi. 45. Say's Amer.
Eut. pi. 4i>. A. myrissa Godt.

Upper side fulvous with black spots, some irregular, disposed
confusedly towards the base ; the others are in the form of points
or dots, in a line parallel with the outer edge, which has a black
band, divided by a series of fulvous crescents.

Under side of primaries paler, except at the summit, where it is
a little ferruginous, and marked with two or three nacre spots."
The outer edge also has a range of triangular silver lunules.

The under side of the secondaries is red ferruginous, with two
or three yellow spaces, and about twenty-four silver spots, some
irregular and unequal towards the base, the others disposed in two
transverse series, of which the one forms marginal crescents; these
two rows are separated by a series of brownish black points.
Towards the base of the wings there is a black silvery circle.

Body blackish above, grayish yellow below; antenna? black, and
annul ated with white, and the extremity of the club yellow.

Female with a taint a little less vivid than the male.

United States. — Expands one and three quarter inches.

BOISD.

7. A. bellona Godt. Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 271. Boisd. et Lee. 164,

pi. 45.

Size and form of A. myrina, but the primaries are a little more
sinuous.

Wings fulvous, with a large number of black spots, some placed
confusedly towards the base, where the ground color is more
obscure, the others forming two parallel rows on the outer edge,
which is sometimes a little intersected with black.

Under side of primaries fulvous and spotted, as above, with the
summit washed with brown and pale yellow, and marked with a
small transverse line of whitish violet.

The anterior half of the under side of the secondaries is yellow
russety, with ferruginous undulations and atoms, a bifid spot of
whitish violet towards the base, inclosing in its angle an orbicular
spot of reddish yellow. The other half is violet or coppery purple,
with a transverse row of six or seven brown points pupilled with
whitish, followed on the terminal edge with obscure lunules, more
or less distinct, and forming nearly a continuous marginal ray.

46 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Body and autennge as in the analogous species.
Southern States. — Expands an inch and a half.

BOISD.

8. A. freya Godt. Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 273. Figured in Herbst.

pi. 272.

Stalk of the antennas yellow, with a large compressed brown
knob, red underneath, at the base and tip.

Wings tawny, dark brown at the base, with a narrow black band

"occupying the posterior margin, followed by a series of black

arrow-headed spots, next to which in the primaries is a zigzag,

angular, discoidal, black band, and at the anterior margin, five

transverse spots of the same color.

The under side of the primaries is tawny, variegated with black
and white spots and lines. .

Under side of the secondaries is reddish, variegated with white
and yellow spots and baud, with a discoidal, arrow-headed, white
spot in the centre. Fringe of the wings alternately white and
yellow.

Canada.

KIRBT, FAUN. BOR. 391.

9. A. aglaia Linn. Syst. Nat. II. Figured by many European authors.

Reddish yellow with black marks.

Under side of the secondaries greenish, yellow near the seam ;
no reddish spots with silver pupils ; the nacred spots usually small
and round, in number about twenty-one, not including those at
the origin of the upper edge and internal edge, which are also
silvery.

In the females, the marginal lunules of the upper side of the
primaries are yellow, not fulvous.

California and Europe.

GOBAET.

10. A. calippe Boisd. Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2rne ser. X, 302.

Upper side fulvous, traversed by a black zigzag ray, preceded
from the side of the base by black sinuous streaks, and followed
by a row of black points ; all the exterior contour blackish,
divided by a line of lunules more pale than the ground color.

Under side of primaries reddish fulvous, paler at the extremity,
with the same markings as above, and a series of silvery marginal
lunules, preceded by two or three apical spots of the same* color.

AROYNNIS. 47

Under side of secondaries brownish, with about twenty silver
spots, the edge of the wings towards the abdomen silvery.

In the female the ground color is paler, with the other markings
blacker ; on the under side the general tint is paler, and nearly
yellowish.

California — rare.

Boisb.

11. A. ashtaroth Fisher. Figured in Proceed. A. N. S., Phila., 1858,
p. 180, pi. 8. In the place cited, this species is named astarte, but
was afterwards changed to ashtaroth by Dr. Fisher.

icings with both surfaces fulvous ; above with a broad,
black exterior margin, containing a range of seven small whitish
spots, parallel with the margin ; four large oblong spots of black
proceeding from the exterior margin, the two intermediate ones
reaching beyond the middle of the wing, the others shorter, wiih
each a small fulvous spot near the tip ; and four spots of black
descending from the subcostal nervnre, of which the one nearest
the body is linear, the next square, the third roundish, with a
fulvous spot in the centre, and the fourth connate with the fourth
of the before-mentioned spots proceeding from the exterior margin.

The lower unnys are above bluish black, changing to brownish
fulvous near the base, with an indistinct whitish spot below the
centre.

The under side of the upper wings has seven spots of pearly
white parallel with the outer margin, of which the five exterior
ones are linear, and the two others round ; from these two round
spots proceed two oblong black spots to the middle of the wing,
and the two next have each a round black spot above them. From
the subcostal nervure proceed four black spots, of which the two
nearest the body are linear, the next triangular, inclosing a fulvous
spot, and the fourth is almost confounded with the black upper
margin.

The under side of the lower wings is brown, with four white
sublunate spots, bounded above and below by black, and parallel
with the lower margin. There arc, likewise, two long black spots
outside of the outer one of these spots; the whole base of the wing
is occupied by six large pearly spots, radiating from the axilla,
one of which occupies the precostal portion ; between the second
and third (which are very wide) is a smaller spot, and the third is

48 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

crossed near its base by a short black bar. The emarginations of
the wings are margined with white.

Body black ; thorax thickly covered with brownish fulvous hairs.

The above described butterfly so nearly resembles the Argynnis
idalia, that at first sight it may easily be taken for a mere
variety. The want of a double row of white spots on the upper
surface of the lower wings, although a remarkable difference, would
not perhaps constitute a specific mark ; yet, when we come to
examine the under surface, instead of the twenty-four or twenty-
five spots of white, which are observed over its whole surface, we
find but two near the margin, and six large ones occupying nearly
the whole of the base, and radiating from the axilla, we cannot
hesitate to pronounce it distinct and certainly new.

The larva is unknown. The interesting fact of so large a species
of butterfly being found at this time in New Jersey, and having
heretofore escaped the researches of all entomologists, has led me
to offer this short communication for publication in the Proceed-
ings. It was found by me in July of this summer, on Succasunna

Plains, near Schooley's Mountain, in Morris County.

FISHER.

Most probably a variety of A. i Julia. (Morris.)

12. A. ossianus Herbst. Boisd. et Lee. p. 157. Figured in Boisd. Icon.

Hist. pi. 19. Herbst. pi. 270. A. trichlaris Hiibn.

Small ;' upper side fulvous, inclining to yellowish.

Under side of the primaries deeper fulvous; summit washed with
ferruginous ; the lunules of the extremity are scarcely indicated.

Under side of secondaries reddish ; all the spots are nacred,
except the transverse ray, which precedes the ocellated ones ; mar-
ginal lunules small, not very triangular, bordered by a brown arc.

The nacred spots of the under side of the female are more dull
and smaller than in the male, and the transverse black points of
the primaries are nearly all pupilled.

Labrador.

13. A. polaris Boisd. Boisd. et Lee. p. 159. Figured in Boisd. Icon. Hist.

pi. 20.

Size of A. myrina. Primaries have nearly the same design as
A.frigga, of Europe. The base is less obscure, and the points
which precede the terminal edge are smaller.

Under side of secondaries ferruginous brown. The base is

ARGYNNIS. 49

marked with four small white spots. Towards the middle, there is
a transverse, irregular white band, slightly powdered with brown,
and divided by the nervures, which are russety. Beyond this band,
there is another white band nearly mactilar, of which each spot
is bordered by a clear yellowish space, and is marked by a black-
brown point, corresponding to those of the opposite surface ; the
terminal edge is divided by small white lines or streaks, inflated
at their anterior extremity. These wings are bordered with white.
Fringe alternately white and black, and the white part forms below
with the small white marginal lines, a kind of T.

The female differs from the male only in having the spots and
white bands of the secondaries a little clearer.

Labrador.

BOISD.

14. A. chariclea Godt. Encyc. Meth. IX, 273. Figured in Herbst, pi.

272.

Xearly the size of A. myrina.

Upper side fulvous, traversed by black zigzag lines and by a row
of black points, situated before the marginal lunules.

Under side of primaries fulvous, with the apical extremity yel-
lowish, and a terminal row of small streaks of yellowish-white,
which intersect the fringe and terminate in a small blackish arrow-
shaped spot.

Under side of the secondaries purple-brown, deeper towards
the base, which is marked with three small nacred spots ; a little
before the middle is another nacred baud, sinuous, bordered with
black-brown, and often powdered with ferruginous, especially in
the males ; between the spots of the base and this band, there is
an isolated silver point, usually pupilled with brown. The poste-
rior half of these wings is of a clearer .tint, with some whitish
reflections, especially near the transverse band — a row of purple-
brown points, corresponding to the black points of the upper side,
and at the extremity a terminal series of nacred triangular lunules,
pointed with brown. Often in the males, all these lunules are
strongly powdered with brown, and then are only indicated by a
small white line, similar to those of the primaries.

female a little larger than the male, sometimes a little more
sombre above. On the under side, the nacred spots forming the
4

50 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

transverse band and the marginal lunules are more brilliant and
more rarely powdered with ferruginous brown.

Labrador.

BOISD.

MELITAEA FAB.

In generic characters nearly similar to Argynnis. Wings
usually blackish and fulvous, sul> denticulate, spotted like a chess-
board. The nacre on the under side of the secondaries of Argynnis
is here replaced by yellow or violet pearly reflections. Discoidal
cellule of the secondaries always open.

1. M. phaeton Fab. Syst. Ent. 481. Figured in Cram. pi. 193. Drury

I, pi. 21. Herbst, pi. 3. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 47, p. 167.

Wings obscure black, with a marginal series of fulvous spots,
more or less triangular, preceded by two transverse rows of yellow
points. The primaries have, besides, two fulvous spots in the dis-
coidal cellule, followed outwardly by some yellow dots.

On the under side, the base of each wing is marked with fulvous
spots intermingled with yellow dots.

Body black ; palpi and/ee< fulvous ; abdomen spotted with yel-
low below, and pointed with yellow on the sides; antennae, blackish;
club a little ferruginous.

United States. — Expands two and three-eighths inches.

BOISD.

2. M. ismeria Boisd. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 46, p. 168.

Upper side yellowish fulvous, with a large number of black spots;
some placed confusedly towards the base, forming zigzag rays ;
others forming two transverse sinuous rays on the primaries and a
single one on the secondaries, where it is followed by a row of
points of the same color.

The outer edge of the four wings is black, divided on the
primaries by fulvous spots and on the secondaries by a line of
crescents, which are yellowish-white. Besides these, the summit
of the primaries is marked by four or five white dots.

The under side of the primaries has a whitish macular band
before the outer edge, preceded by three or four spots of the same
color.

MELITAEA. 51

Under side of the secondaries fulvous, with white spots towards
the base ; then a median, transverse, irregular baud, and finally
marginal lunnles of the same color. These last are separated from
the transverse band by a series of blackish points corresponding
to those of the upper side.

Fringe of all the wings blackish, intersected by white.

Body and antenna as in the analogous species.

Larva yellow, with spines and three longitudinal rays, blackish.

Head black, as well as the scaly feet and abdomen on under side;
other feet yellow.

Chrysalis ash-gray, with some clearer spaces ; the small dorsal
tubercles nearly white.

Southern States. — Expands one and three-eighths inch.

BOISD.

3. M. tharos Cram. M. tharossa Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 289. Figured

in Cram. pi. 1G9. Drury, I, pi. 21. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 47, p. 170.

Wings fulvous, with black wavy lines, more or less wide, often
confluent or interlaced. A wide black border on the outer edge,
a little sinuous within, marked on the primaries with a fulvous
yellow spot, and divided on the secondaries by a regular sinuous
line of grayish, preceded by a row of black ocular dots.

The upper edge of primaries black ; from which, at the end of
the discoidal cellule, there proceeds a black streak, which loses
itself in the sinuous lines.

Under side of the primaries fulvous, with ferruginous wavy lines,
very fine and indistinct. The border is more brown, mingled with
the fulvous and marked with a yellow spot larger than that on the
upper side.

The under side of the secondaries is ochre yellow, with a large
number of wavy, brown ferruginous lines ; a brown border, touch-
ing neither the anal nor external angle, marked by a yellow crescent.
This border is preceded by a row of small brown dot's, correspond-
ing to those on the upper side.

Body black above, yellowish below.

United States. — Expands an inch and an eighth.

BOISI

4. M. editha Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 305.

Boisduval says, it is possible that this species is the same whichN
Poubleday and Hewitson have figured in pi. 23 of their work as

52 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

M. anicia, but unfortunately they have not represented the under
side, which in many species it is important to know. The upper
side of the secondaries of their M. anicia has a marginal series of
three fulvous bands, whilst in this species the intermediary range
is pale yellow.

Upper side blackish-brown, with the fringe whitish, some spots
of bright fulvous and some yellow spots disposed in transverse
bands ; the four bands of the secondaries alternately yellow and
fulvous, interrupted ; the one before the last yellow and that which
precedes it fulvous, the spots slightly pupilled with yellow; the
upper edge of the primaries reddish.

Under side fulvous, with bands ochry yellow, more or less edged
with brown ; that of the secondaries, with each spot of the ante-
penultimate band, pupilled with ochry yellow.

The female is nearly similar to the male, with the primaries a
little more rounded at the summit.

California.

BOISD.

5. M. palla Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 305. M. nycteis Double-
day.

Upper side bright fulvous.

Under side of primaries fulvous, with a terminal band of ochry
yellow.

Under side of secondaries fulvous, with two bands of ochry yel-
low, edged with brown, and some basal spots of the same color,
forming an irregular band ; posterior band nearly terminal, formed
by crescents more or less large ; that which precedes it is cut
longitudinally by two irregular blackish lines.

The female is very different from the male ; the spots of the
under side are usually of a pale ochry yellow, except the small
marginal crescents and the antepenultimate baud of the seconda-
ries, which are fulvous. On the under side the ochry yellow bands
cover nearly the whole surface, and the fulvous is reduced on the
secondaries to marginal crescents, a row of five or six large points,
and some basal spots.

California.

BOISD.

GRAPTA. 53

6. M. zerene Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X.

Upper side bright fulvous, as in M. cybele, with the black mark-
ings as in the species of the same group.

Under side of primaries fulvous, with the markings of the upper.
The summit has spots of a yellowish-white, and the edge is divided
by small crescents of the same color.

Under side of secondaries ferruginous gray, with spots of yel-
lowish-white, as in the neighboring species, but not silvery ; the
spots of the middle and the marginal crescents are environed and
surmounted with ferruginous, more obscure than the general tint.
Female a little larger than the male, with the under side ferru-
ginous gray, paler, and sometimes the marginal crescents a little
silvery.

California.

BOISD.

GRAPTA KIEBT.

Nearly allied to Vanessa, from which it may be distinguished by
its more excised and angular wings, and its less hairy palpi. All
the known species have the upper surface more or less brightly
fulvous, spotted with black ; lower surface crowded and veined
with different shades of brown ; the secondaries have a more or
less angular silvery or pale golden mark, resembling sometimes
the letter L or C, whence the name C-album, &c. &c.

The larvce, like those of the neighboring genera, have the second
and third thoracic and also the abdominal segments armed with
spines, which are set round with whorls of delicate bristles.

Pupa angular and tuberculated ; head rather deeply notched,
generally brown or grayish-brown, with silvery or golden blotches.

1. G. interrogationis F. E. S. Ill, 1, 78. G. aureum Cram. Figured,
in Cram. pi. 19. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 2. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 51, p. 192.

Upper side of all the wings fulvous or ferruginous fulvous, with
seven or eight unequal black spots, and the outer edge sometimes
brown, obscure, and sometimes of a ferruginous tint, mingling in-
sensibly with the ground color.

54 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Upper side of secondaries deep brown, with a greenish blue
reflection and the base red ferruginous.

Under side of all the wings grayish, marbled with brown; some-
times ferruginous or brownish, with the extremity a little more
clear ; often brown, slightly glossed with greenish white, especially
on the secondaries. On the disk, a silvery spot, sometimes in the
form of a C, sometimes in the form of an interrupted C or mark
of interrogation. In most of the varieties, there is a row of black
points on the terminal edge of each wing. The secondaries are
furnished with prominent tails.

Larva deep brown, with the body pointed and striated with
yellowish and whitish. Head and feet reddish, spines blackish.
Along the feet a ray of citron yellow, and above the stigmata
another ray of the same color, marked with a row of red spots.

Chrysalis angular, obscure, with golden spots. Feeds on Ulmus
and Tilia.

United States. — Expands two and three-quarter inches.

BOISD.

2. G. comma Harris. Ins. Mass. 221 (1842).

Upper side tawny orange ; fore wings bordered behind and
spotted with black ; hind wings shaded behind with dark brown,
with two black spots on the middle and three more in a transverse
line from the front edge, and a row of bright orange-colored spots
before the hind margin ; hind edges of the wings powdered with
reddish-white.

Under side marbled with light and dark brown, the hinder
wings with a silvery comma in the middle.

The caterpillar has a general resemblance to that of G. inter-
rogationis.

Chrysalis brownish gray, or white variegated with pale brown
and ornamented with golden spots ; there are two conical ear-like
projections on the top of the head, and the prominence on the
thorax is shorter and thicker than that of G. interrogation-is, and
more like a parrot's beak in shape.

Expands from two and a half to two and three-eighths inches. —
Harris, Insects of Mass., p. 221.

Harris thinks that his G. comma is different from the European
G. C-album, which Boisd. et Lee., p. 190, describe as occurring

VANESSA. 55

here, and for the purpose of comparison, their description is
inserted : —

3. G. C-album Linn.

Nearly the size of G. proyne.

Upper side fulvous or ferruginous, with scattered black spots ;
outer edge more or less obscure.

Under side sometimes brownish-black, sometimes brownish-
yellow, with green atoms on the outer half, which, with the excep-
tion of the costal margin, is always lighter.

Under side of secondaries has a G or C of pure white on the
disk.

Body blackish, with greenish hairs on the thorax.

Antennae black above, brown below, with white rings ; extremity
of the club reddish.

Environs of Philadelphia only.

Bois. ET LEG.

VANESSA FAB.

Clothed with long hairs, eyes densely hairy; labial palpi porrect,
projecting beyond the forehead, scaly and densely hairy all round ;
first joint much curved, second swollen beyond the middle, third
nearly acicular. Antennas about three-fourths the length of the
body, with two distinct grooves below ; club rather short, last
joint minute, pointed. Thorax clothed with long hairs. Prima-
ries subtriangular, apex truncate. Anterior margin but little
curved, sometimes deeply emarginate; ianer margin nearly straight,
costal nervure rather stout, extending about to the middle of the
anterior margin. Secondaries somewhat obovate. Inner margin
the longest; outer margin more or less sinuate, dentate, prolonged
into a tooth or short tail at the termination of the third median
nervule. Abdomen about two-thirds the length of the inner mar-
gin of the posterior wing. Larva cylindric, head and first thoracic
segment unarmed, the rest armed with long spines, set with setas
in whorls. Pupa very angular and tuberculate ; head deeply bifid,
often adorned with golden spots.

Vanessa differs from Grapta in the palpi, which are much less,

56 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

hairy, and in the wings in not having the inner margin of the
primaries emarginate. The larva of Vanessa differs in wanting
the spines on the head.

1. V. J-album Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 50, p. 185.

Upper side dull yellow or fulvous, with the base of the prima-
ries and a part of the secondaries more obscure. A little before
the outer edge, there is a brown ferruginous or blackish ray, which
on the primaries of the male often blends with the terminal edge,
which is nearly always powdered with blackish. The primaries
have four or five unequal spots on the middle and on the upper
edge, three short transverse bands of the same color, of which that
on the summit is separated by a white spot. The secondaries have
the upper edge black, divided by a white spot.

Under side of the wings brown, from the base to the middle,
with waves more pale and others more obscure ; then, grayish-
white reticulated and a marginal interrupted ray of ashy blue. On
the middle of the inferiors, there is a small grayish mark in the
form of a J.

North and West. — Expands three inches.

BOISD.

2. V. milberti Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 307. V. furcillata Say.

Boisd. et Lee. pi. 50, p. 187. Say, Amer. Ent. II, pi. 27.

Upper side brownish-black, traversed between the middle and
the extremity by a wide fulvous band, a little sinuous within, where
it has a paler tint, followed on the secondaries by a marginal row
of violet-blue crescents.

The primaries have two fulvous spots in the discoidal cellule, a
black spot in the band on the costal edge, and a white spot besides.

Under side blackish, with waves more obscure, and a band of
paler tint corresponding to that of the upper side.

Body blackish-brown.

Northsrn States. — Expands an inch and a half.

BOISD.

3. V. progne Cram. Figured in Cram. pi. 85. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 50, p. 188.

Upper side bright fulvous, a little paler at the extremity of the
primaries. These have five black spots, of which two are in the
discoidal cellule and three below the median nervure ; two short

VANESSA. 57

brown bands along the upper edge, one at the end. of the discoidal
cellule and the other near the summit, from which it is separated
by three or four crescents paler than the ground color. Towards
the internal angle, there is a brown spot slightly united to the
border, which is deep brown.

The secondaries have the extremities blackish, insensibly mingling
with the fulvous, which is marked with two small black spots. A
little before the outer edge, there is a row of fulvous spots, some-
times indistinct. The angulated tails of the secondaries are tinted
with grayish-violet, and the emarginations of all the wings are
bordered with yellowish-gray.

Under side brown, striated with blackish, with a paler band
towards the outer edge, angulated on the primaries ; a white mark
ou the disk of the secondaries, which has a faint resemblance to the
letter L.

Some female specimens have along the marginal edge on the
under side some shining greenish crescents, more or less distinct,
and nearly united in a continuous line. These have the upper side
of a less brilliant fulvous.

United States. — Expands two inches.

Boisi>.

4. V. antiopa Linn, Syst. Nat. II, 776. Figured in most of the Euro-

pean works.

Upper side velvety black chestnut, with a yellowish terminal
band, the internal side of which is a little sinuous, preceded by a
line of seven or eight dots of violet-blue.

The primaries have the upper edge finely interrupted with yel-
lowish-white, and marked between the middle and the bluish points
with two transverse and parallel spots of the same color as the
border.

Under side obscure black, with wavy lines of deeper color, and
a small central grayish point.

Body and antenna black ; club ferruginous.

United States and Europe. — Expands three inches.

BOISD.

5. V. lintneri Fitch. Third Report to N. Y. State Agr. Soc., p. 485 of

Trans.

Wings of the same form and color of V. antiopa, but their
pale border is twice as broad, occupying a third of the length of

58 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the wings, and is wholly destitute of the row of blue spots which
occur in V. antiopa forward of the border. Ground color deep
rusty brown, much more tinged with liver reddish than in V. an-
tiopa. The fore margin of the anterior wings is black, freckled
with small transverse white streaks and lines, but is destitute of
the two white spots of the other species. The broad outer band
is of a tarnished pale ochre yellow hue, speckled with black, and
becomes quite narrow at the inner angle of the hind pair. Wings
beneath similar to those of V. antiopa, but are darker and without
any sprinkling of ash-gray scales or any whitish crescent in the
middle of the hind pair, and the border is speckled with gray and
whitish in wavy transverse streaks, without forming the distinct

baud which is seen in V. antiopa.

FITCH.
[Probably a variety of V. antiopa. — J. Gr. M.]

6. V. californica Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 306.

Upper side bright fulvous ; primaries with three black bands on
the upper edge, as in the allied species, and only three large points
on the disk ; a white ante-apical streak ; the edge of all the wings
blackish, but destitute of blue crescents.

Under side paler, with the transverse band very angular.

California.

BOISD.

PYRAMEIS DOUBLED. & HEWITS.

Differs from Vanessa in having the wings less angular, palpi less
hairy, and in somewhat different form ; the club of the antenna? is
rather more pointed ; larva? have all the segments except the head
and prothorax armed with long spines, set round with whorls of
stiff bristles. They differ also in habits ; those of Pyrameis are
always solitary, drawing together the sides of a leaf with silken
threads, and thus forming a cylindric dwelling ; the pupa? are
similar in shape and markings.

1. P. atalaiita Linn. Ryst. Nat. II, 779. Figured in most European
works on Lepidoptera.

Upper side black, with a red band. The band of the seconda-
ries is marginal, with four black dots on it, terminated at the anal

PYRAMEIS. 59

angle by a double bluish spot. The band of the primaries is
arcuate, slightly interrupted in the middle. Summit slightly
bluish, with six white spots, of which the interior, in the form of a
transverse band, rests on the costal edge.

Under side of the primaries nearly similar to the upper, but the
summit is brown mixed with gray. The red band is paler at each
extremity, and separated from the white spots by a bluish ring.
At the base there are several streaks of the same color.

Under side of secondaries brown, slightly marbled with gray ;
a yellowish spot on the middle of the costal edge, and some bluish
atoms on the lower edge, which is more or less grayish. Ernar-
ginations white.

Body of same color as the wings. Antennae annulated with
white and black; club yellowish.

Larva differs in its tints — sometimes of a yellowish-green, some-
times violet powdered with gray ; spines moderate, and a sinuous,
lateral band of citron yellow. Feeds on Urtica, and is almost
constantly enveloped between several leaves, drawn together by
silk threads.

Chrysalis blackish, moderately angular, covered with a grayish
efflorescence, and ornamented with golden spots.

United States and Europe. — Expands two inches and a half.

BOISD.

2. P. cardui Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 776. Figured in most European works.

Upper side of primaries at the base and internal edge russety
brown ; the middle fulvous, nearly cherry-red ; border black,
transverse and angulate. Summit widely black, with five white
spots, of which the interior is largest, and rests transversely on the
edge ; the four others are in the form of unequal dots, and ranged
in an arc. Posterior edge entirely black, with white emarginations.

Upper side of secondaries fulvous, more or less reddish, with
the base, the internal edge and disk russety brown, and three pos-
terior and parallel rows of black points, of which the intermediary
are oblong and smallest; the exterior are marginal, the interior
only four in number, and sometimes slightly ocellate.

The under side of the primaries has the same markings as the
upper, but the fulvous of the middle still more approaches red.
The black baud which divides it is marked with white near the
costal edge, and the summit is greenish-brown.

60 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of secondaries marked with brown, white and yel-
lowish, with a row of four ocular spots, separated from the edge
by a grayish line, along which there is a series of small bluish
crescents formed by atoms.

Body russety browu above, whitish below, with black rings on
the abdomen.

Larva spinous, brownish or gray, with lateral and interrupted
yellow lines. Feeds on various species of Carduus, Serratula, and
Cirsium.

Chrysalis grayish, moderately angular, scattered with golden
spots, which sometimes cover nearly the whole surface.

Inhabits the four quarters of the globe.— Expands two and a
half inches.

3. P. huntera Sm. Alb. P. virginiensis Drury. P. iole Cram. Figured
in Sm. Abb. pi. 9. Cram. 12. Drury I, pi. 5. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 48,
p. 180.

Size of P. cardui, and in many respects similar, but the outer
edge of the primaries is usually more emarginate ; the summit has
a slight blue reflection, and it is browner on the under side. The
interior white spot is more narrow and bent outwards. There is
a white point between the extremity of this band and the internal
angle.

Upper side of secondaries also very similar to P. cardui.

The under side is brown, slightly obscure, with nervures of a
yellowish- white, crossed near the base by two lines of this color.
In the middle, there is a transverse band of white, a little grayish,
or of a rosy white, followed exteriorly by two ocellated spots. Near
the posterior edge, there is a marginal band of nearly the same
tint, divided in its length by a violet undulated line.

In the females, the tint of the upper side is sometimes carmine
or brick color.

Larva blackish-gray striated with yellow, with the segments
more clear, and the first rings more obscure. Along the feet, and
below the stigmata, a yellow lateral ray, and above these another
yellow ray, marked with a small orange spot above each stigma.
The spines are yellow. Feeds on Gnaphalium oUusifolium.

Chrysalis yellowish, of the same form as that of P. cardui, scat-
tered with a large number of golden spots.

United States.

BOISD.

JUNONIA. 61

JUNONIA DOUBLED. & HEW.

This may be distinguished from the allied genera by the naked
eyes and less hairy anterior legs. In the other genera, these legs
are densely clothed with long hairs, and this is also the case with
the females of Vanessa and Pyrameis, but in Junonia, though the
legs of the males are thickly set with fine hairs, they are short, and
do not so entirely cover the legs as to make it difficult to detect
their form and even their articulations. The cells of both pairs
of wings are always open, except in a few aberrant species.
Larva?, with the head and all the segments armed with spines,
which make them resemble the larva? of Argynnis rather than
those of Vanessa. Pupa tuberculated, scarcely angular.

1. J. coenia Hubn. J. onjthia Sin. Ab. .7. larinia, var. Goclt. J. junonia
Hiibn. Figured in Hubn. Exot. Saniml. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 8. Boisd.
et Lee. pi. 49, p. 182.

Upper side obscure brown, with two black ocellated spots ; iris
grayish-yellow ; pupil blue — the lower one much the larger. They
are preceded by a fulvous ray, followed by a double grayish mar-
ginal ray, almost obsolete in the primaries. These have towards
the base two fulvous streaks bordered with black, and between the
two ocellate spots a white baud or yellowish-white, going from
the summit to the terminal edge. There is also a small white spot
above the upper ocellus.

The two ocelli of the secondaries are also of unequal size. The
upper one is in part encircled by fulvous, in part by black. It is
nearly covered with violet-blue atoms. The inferior one is similar,
but much smaller.

The under side of the primaries is fulvous towards the base,
with some grayish lines bordered with black ; paler towards the
end, with the two ocelli and the separating band as on the upper
side, and ordinarily a second small eye above that of the summit.

The under side of the secondaries is ferruginous gray, with more
obscure wavy lines and a transverse ferruginous brown band,
marked with two or three small eyes and two blackish points.

Body of same color as the wings. Antenna whitish, with the
club blackish. Expands two inches and a half.

62 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Larva blackish, pointed with white ; lower side of abdomen
and feet fulvous. It has two lateral white lines, of which the
upper is marked with a row of fulvous spots. Spines blackish.

Chrysalis like those of P. cardui and P. huntera, but blackish,
varied with whitish, without any metallic spots.

Southern United States.

BOISD.

ANARTIA DOUBLEI>AY.

Head rather small, scaly ; eyes round, a little prominent ; pro-
boscis twice the length of the body ; labial palpi scaly ; antenna?
nearly as long as the body ; club short, compressed, pointed ;
thorax oval, rather robust ; primaries subtriangular, rounded at
the summit ; external edge a little emarginated towards the mid-
dle ; internal edge slightly emarginate, external edge of seconda-
ries sinuous, dentate, and forming a tooth at the end of the third

median nervure ; internal edge emarginate before the anal angle ;

feet of the first pair of the male scaly, femurs scarcely more robust
than, the tibiae ; tarsi subcylindrical, thin ; those of the female
scaly, more robust, femurs nearly cylindrical ; tarsi of five joints
nearly as long as the tibiae ; feet of the second and third pairs
rather elongate ; abdomen thin, rather short.

1. A. jatrophae Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 779. Figured in Cram. pap. pi.
202. Herbst, tab. 172.

Upper side with a more or less livid tint, with brownish, trans-
verse, undulated lines, and three black, ocellate spots, of which
one is on the primaries towards the internal angle, and the other
two on the secondaries. Some specimens have the extremity of
the wings russety, and the line which divides it forms parallel to
the edge, a double row of lunules of this color.

Under side paler, and the ocellate spots have a small whitish
pupil. Antennae black, with the club ferruginous. Body dark
above, whitish below.

Texas — Brazil.

GODT.

LIBYTHEA. 63

FAM. VI. LIBYTHEIDAE.

Larva without spines, slightly pubescent, finely shagreened.
Chrysalis short, a little angular. Perfect insect ; palpi very
long, contiguous, in the form of a beak, parallel to the axis
of the body. Wings angular, rather robust; discoidal cellule
of the secondaries open.

LIBYTHEA Fab.

•
Inferior palpi in the form of a rostrum or beak. Primaries

angular. Antennas short, stiff, fusiform.

1. L. motya Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 64.

Wings brown ; middle of primaries fulvous, beginning at the
base ; towards the upper angle- three white spots, one near the
costal edge, oval, the other two smaller and square.

Secondaries with a large pale yellow space in the centre, com-
mencing at the base, and a whitish one on the side.

Under side of primaries similar to the upper, excepting that the
fulvous part and the spots are intersected by the nerves, black.

Under side cinereous, with a darker band extending over half
the wing, and a crescent streak near the outer edge.

United States. — Expands nearly two inches.

BOISD.

2. L. bachmani Kirtland. Var? of L. motya. Figured in Silliman's

Journ., XIII, New Series, 356.

Body, dark brown ; upper surface of primaries brownish, with
three white spots placed in a triangle near the tip, the superior
and interior spots oblong and irregular, the exterior smallest and
oval, the inferior quadrangular. An ochry yellow band is situated
on the humerus, and a second on the posterior margin, but does
not reach the tip of the wing. A similar band extends across the
lower half of the secondaries.

Under side of primaries similar to the upper ; that of the secon-
daries reticulated with brown.

Expands one and five-eighths of an inch, while L. motya expands
more than two inches.

64 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

The form and size of the white spots in the primaries differ;
the absence of a large white quadrangular spot and a different
arrangement of the yellow bars mark this as a new species.

Ohio.

KlRTLAND.

NYMPHALIS LATR.

Head a little more narrow than the thorax ; eyes large, promi-
nent; palpi moderate, a little longer than the head ; last article
much shorter than the preceding, obtuse ; antenna nearly the
length of the body, insensibly enlarging in an elongate club ;
wings wide, rather robust, dentate, always destitute of ocelli and
prolongations in the form of a tail.

1. N. Ursula Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 82. N. ephestion Godt. N. astyanax
Fab. Figured in Stoll, suppl. a Cram, pi, 25. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 10.
Boisd. et Lee. pi. 53, p. 199.

Wings -slightly dentate; blackish-brown above, glossed with a
bluish tint, much more deep towards the extremity of the secon-
daries. These have parallel to their 'terminal edge a double fes-
tooned black line, preceded by a bent transverse ray of the same
color ; three rows of bluish crescents, of which the interior are
much the largest. In the female, the blue occupies less space, and
the crescents which form the first row are truncate, less marked,
smaller, and each one supported behind by a fulvous point.

The primaries have the summit more brown than the rest of the
surface, and marked by one or two small white spots. The pos-
terior edge has two rows of blue or slate-colored crescents, preceded
within by a row of fulvous points often indistinct, and existing
sometimes only on the half of the wing nearest the upper edge.

Under side is brown, a little reddish, glossed, in the male by a
violet-blue tint, except at the summit of the primaries. The base
of these is marked in the cellule by two fulvous spots, surrounded
with black and environed with blue ; the base of the secondaries
has three nearly similar spots ; the origin of the upper edge of all
the wings is fulvous; the terminal edge of all has two rows of blue
crescents, preceded within by a row of fulvous spots bordered with
black behind.

Body blackish, with the under side of abdomen whitish.

NYMPHALIS. 65

Larva whitish or russety white with green shades, which cover
a part of the back ; the second ring is armed with two long ferru-
ginous horns, a little arcuate ; the fifth bears two roundish tuber-
cles, of the same color. The other tubercles are greenish and not
prominent.

Chrysalis russety, with the under side of the abdomen whitish,
and a prominent projection on the back. Feeds on Salix, Vac-
cinium, and Cerasus.

United States. — Expands three and a half inches.

BOISD.

2. N. arthemis Drury. N. lamina Fab. Godt. Figured in Drury, II, pi.

10. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 54, p. 202. Say Amer. Ent. II, pi. 23.

Upper side brownish-black, with a common white band a little
beyond the middle, and a double series of blue marginal crescents
on the secondaries, and only one on the primaries. These have at
the summit two or three small white spots, and the secondaries, in
the males, a bent row of seven roundish spots, or large fulvous
dots, situated between the band and the blue crescents.

The lower side differs from the upper in having the ground color
more pale, excepting on the outer edge where it remains blackish;
at the base of each wing there are some bluish spots, accompanied
by large reddish points ; the primaries have a series of reddish
points before the double line of blue lunules of the extremity.

Emarginations of all the wings white. Body black, with three
white lines along the abdomen. Antennce black.

The female is larger than the male ; the bent row of large ful-
vous points is replaced above by lunules formed of bluish atoms ;
below, it has the same markings as the male.

Northern States. — Expands three and a half inches.

BOISD.

3. N. disippus Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 392. N. misippus Fab. N.

archippus Cram. Figured in Cram. pi. 16. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 55, p. 204.

Upper side fulvous, with nerves and edges black ; the terminal
edge has two rows of white points, the exterior are the smaller,
and placed in the emarginations; near the summit of the primaries,
where the black dilates sensibly, are three white points, followed
by a macular and transverse band of four fulvous spots.

The secondaries are traversed beyond the middle, reaching from
the external edge to the anal angle, by a bent, black ray.
5

66 LEPIDOPTEEA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side has the ground color and fulvous spots of the summit
more pale ; the interior points of the terminal edge are replaced
by a double series of white lunules ; there are two white spots on
the costal edge towards the base, and sometimes a point near the
base of the cell.

Antennce black as well as the body ; the latter is pointed with
white on the head and breast.

The female is somewhat larger than the male, and the second
row of crescents on the under side of the wings is a little bluish.

Larva green, varied with white ; the first rings are russety.
The second ring bears two spiny horns, a little arcuate in front ;
the third, fifth, sixth, seventh and tenth has each a small spiny
process, and the eleventh two short spines. Feeds on Salix and
Prunus.

CJirysalis russety, with the sides of the abdomen varied with
white, and a prominent projection on the back.

United States. — Expands from two inches and a half to four

inches.

BOISD.

4. L. lorquiiii Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 301. L. eulalia
Doubled.

Upper side brown-black, traversed toward the middle by a white
macular baud, preceded on the primaries in the discoidal cellule
by a spot of the same color ; primaries, with the summit very
widely ferruginous red, separated from the brown part by three or
four white spots. Secondaries with two large fulvous points
towards the anal angle.

Under side brown, with the same band and the same white spots
as above ; the common baud followed by a ferruginous space,
divided by a series of whitish sagittate crescents, bordered with
black at the summit ; that of the primaries with two ferruginous
streaks in the cellule ; that of the secondaries with the edge
whitish, and the base intersected by whitish-gray spots.

California.

BOISD.

PAPHIA DOUBLEDAT.

Wings with a metallic gloss, under side indistinctly reticulated ;
female with the upper side more variegated with brown or pale-
colored spots than the male. Head not tufted in front; eyes large,

APATURA. 6t

prominent. Labial palpi thickly squamose, broad in front. An-
tennae short, slender ; club sleuder, obliquely rounded off at tip.
Primaries large, fore margin strongly arched, somewhat elbowed
near the base, apical angle more or less acute ; apical margin
sometimes deeply emarginate near the tip. Secondaries subovate,
costal margin rounded, outer margin sometimes scolloped ; the
extremity of the third branch of the median vein being extended
into a tail. Abdomen rather small and subovate.

1. P. glycerium Doubleday. Figured in Doubleday and Hewitson's
Genera, pi. 50.

Upper side copper red ; margin of all the wings brownish inte-
riorly, powdered with the same color ; primaries with two short
brownish bands commencing on the costal, the one nearest the apex
undulate ; the brownish margin extends about one-third on the
anterior edge, with a deep emargination near the summit.

Under side paler, of the color of dead leaves ; the bands on the
primaries longer than above, and a transverse band on the secon-
daries separating the deeper shade of the base from the other part ;
an indistinct white spot near the upper edge.

Female larger, paler, markings in the primaries more distinct
and wide ; similar below.
Texas — Illinois.

APATURA FAB.

Eyes large, prominent ; antennae rather long, terminated by an
elongated cylindrical club, the end of which is yellow ; palpi con-
tiguous; thorax long and robust; abdomen proportionately small;
wings slightly dentate, often with a bluish reflection, the seconda-
ries with the cellule open and having at least one ocellus on the
under side; the primaries always have the outer edge more or less
concave, and in the discoidal cellule on the under side two or three
black transverse streaks. The secondaries are also somewhat con-
cave above the anal angle.

The Apalurce resemble Satyri in the form of the larva and in

68 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the ocelli on the under side of the wings, but differ in habits ; the
former live on trees, the latter on low grounds and grasses.

1. A. clyton Boisd. Boisd. et Lee., 209, pi. 56, p. 208.

Primaries reddish-yellow or fulvous, with the extremity brown-
ish, marked with two rows of small spots and a marginal interrupted
ray, ochry yellow. The fulvous portion has two black streaks on
the discoidal cellule, and is separated from the brownish by a
sinuous blackish ray.

The secondaries are obscure rufous, gradually becoming brown-
ish towards the extremity. This part is divided by a row of five
black points ocellated with rufous, preceded by a series of quad-
rangular spots a little more clear than the ground color and fol-
lowed by a yellowish marginal ray, as a continuation of that on
the primaries. Besides these, there is near the middle a blackish,
sinuous, transverse ray, very distinct at its origin on the upper
edge.

Under side of all the wings is russety gray, with a violet reflec-
tion ; an obscure marginal ray, and a median, black, transverse,
flexuous ray, corresponding to that on the upper side, more distinct
on the primaries, where it is preceded by two black streaks and
followed by the same spots as above, but paler. This same ray is
preceded, in the discoidal cellule of the secondaries, by two black
streaks. The ocellated points have the pupil bluish-white. The
emarginations of all the wings are feebly white.

Larva, which feeds on Primus and other drupaceous plants, is
green., with four rays of greenish yellow. Head yellowish-green,
marked with two black spots and surmounted by two short ramose
yellowish spines ; the two small anal points are a little elevated.

CUirysalis green, with the envelopment of the wings and some
indistinct dorsal rays greenish-yellow.

Southern States. — Expands nearly two inches and a half.

BOISD.

2. A. celtis Boisd. Boisd. et Lee., p. 210, pi. 57.

Same size and form of A. clyton.

Upper side pale russety gray. Outer half of the primaries
brownish, marked with about a dozen small white spots disposed
in two lines a little sinuous, of which one or two near the summit

AGANISTHOS. 69

are ocellated with black and very small. The exterior edge has a
russety line, preceded near the external angle by a black eye ocel-
lated by yellowish-red, on a line with the white spots of the second
row. There are two black transversal streaks in the discoidal
cellule.

The secondaries are traversed, towards the middle, by two indis-
tinct curved lines of blackish-gray, and near the marginal edge by
two parallel undulated lines of the same color, very distinct.
These lines are preceded by a curved row of six black eyes, of
which the second, counting from above, is the largest ; the others
sensibly diminish in size. The anal is very small and often wanting.

The under side is whitish, and has nearly the same markings as
the upper. On the secondaries, the two curved lines of the middle
are preceded, towards the base, by two or three small annular
brownish spots. The ocelli are pupilled with white, and sur-
rounded by a small yellow iris.

Upper side of the body brownish-gray. Under side whitish- gray.
Antennee brownish, with the club yellowish.

Larva, which feeds on Celtis occidentalis, is yellowish, with the
sides more pale and nearly whitish. The back has a ray yellowish-
green, bordered on each side by an obscure green line. The
whitish part is also divided longitudinally by a green obscure ray.
Head green, surmounted by two small bih'd spines. The small
anal points are a little raised.

Chrysalis yellowish-green, a little bifid.

Southern States.

BOISD.

AGANISTHOS BOISD.

Head nearly as wide as the thorax ; eyes large, prominent ; an-
tennae, long, terminated by an elongated cylindrical club ; palpi
near together, converging at the extremity ; thorax long, thick,
very robust ; abdomen proportionately small ; wings not dentate,
very strong and robust ; the primaries have the outer edge very
emarginate and the summit prolonged, which gives them a falcate
form ; the secondaries are rounded, without tails, the anal angle a
little prominent ; both sides destitute of ocelli.

70 LEPTDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. A. orion Fab. Syst. Ent. 457. A. odius Sulz. A. danae Cram.
Figured in Cram. pi. 84. Sulz. Gescli. pi. 13. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 52,
p. 195.

Expands about five inches. Upper side of primaries brownish-
black, with a fulvous, longitudinal band, which covers the anterior
surface, terminating a little distance from the outer edge. On the
upper edge there is an oblong white spot of moderate size.

The upper side of the secondaries is brownish-black, with the
base obscure fulvous.

The under side of all the wings is brown shaded with gray, with
two transverse bands more deep near the base ; then two black
lines equally transverse, which unite towards the internal edge of
the secondaries. A white spot on the primaries, corresponding
with that on the upper side ; the terminal edge of all the wings is
grayish-white on each side.

Upper side of the body fulvous, with the extremity brownish ;
under side, color of the wings. Antenna ferruginous.

Florida. [Most probably not found in the United States. —

Major Leconte tesle, M.]

BOISD.

•

FAM. VII. SATYRIDAE.

Larva attenuate at the extremities and nearly pisciform,
terminated by two anal points more or less prominent ; head
sometimes rounded, sometimes emarginate or bifid, or sur-
mounted by two spines. Chrysalis cylindroid, not much
angular. Perfect insect; palpi close, elevated, very hairy;
body moderate; wings rather robust, abdominal edge of the
secondaries forming a groove ; discoidal cellule always
closed ; nervures of the primaries often much dilated at
their origin.

CHIONOBAS BOISD.

Head not quite so wide as the thorax, closely connected with it;
antennae terminating in an elongated club, forming insensibly and
occupying nearly the half; palpi remote, covered with fine hairs;
last article very short ; wings rounded ; primaries, with the costal
nervure feebly inflated.

The species of this genus differ from the other Salyridce in

CHIONOBAS. 71

their pale, dull, livid, and, as it were, diseased color, indicating
their far northern habitat.

1. C. also Boisd. et Lee., p. 222. Figured in Boisd. Icones, pi. 40.

Wings of a dirty grayish tint, mixed with yellow, slightly trans-
parent with some small brownish atoms, a little more dense near
the fringe. The primaries have a little more uniform color, deeper
at the base, with an oblique shadow on the median nerve. The
secondaries are sufficiently transparent to observe the markings on
the opposite side.

The under side of the primaries is more deeply powdered with
brownish than the upper, with the upper edge and summit varie-
gated with grayish and blackish.

The under side of the secondaries is brownish to the middle,
with some grayish atoms, and marbled with the same color near
the external edge. The posterior portion is grayish violet, with
blackish atoms and small undulations.

The fringe is grayish-white, interrupted with blackish.

Rocky Mountains of New Hampshire.

BOISD.
[Most probably Sat. semidea Say. — M ]

2. C. balder Boisd. et Lee., p. 216. Figured in Boisd. Icones, pi. 39.

Boisd. Iconograph. du Regne Animal, pi. 80.

Upper side livid yellowish-brown, with the border a little more
obscure. Primaries at the extremity have three pale yellow spots,
of which two have a central black point. Secondaries, near the
extremity, have a row of four or five pale yellow spots, cuneiform ;
the one nearest the anal angle usually has a black point.

Under side of primaries is more yellow than the upper, with the
costal edge, apical point, and a part of the extremity, pale ash,
sprinkled with brown.

Under side of the secondaries brownish, varied with ash-gray ;
a little bluish. It is traversed in the middle by a broad band,
dentated, and forming a suite of nearly equal angles. The edge
of this band and the extremity of the wing are more gray than the
rest. Fringe white and black. Body brown ; antenna? grayish
at the base, pale testaceous to the end.

North Cape — Greenland — Labrador.

BOISD.

72 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

3. C. bootes Boisd. et Lee., p. 218. Figured in Boisd. Icon. pi. 37.

Upper side yellowish-brown, mixed with gray; primaries towards
the extremity with a blackish marginal ray, interrupted or indis-
tinct. The arc which closes the discoidal cell is blackish, followed
by a brownish angular impression.

Upper side of secondaries yellowish, with an obscure impression
on the middle and towards the base. The border is of the same
color as that of the primaries, and separated from the yellowish by
a blackish macular ray. Fringe grayish-white divided by black.

Under side of primaries yellowish, with the summit and costal
margin whitish, with brown points. The cellule is traversed by a
blackish ray ; beyond this, there is another blackish ray, more dis-
tinct, and bent into an acute angle on the median nerve.

Under side of the secondaries is whitish, the base varied with
black — a wide, sinuous band traversing the middle. Extremity
russety, pointed with brown ; a macular, blackish ray ; nerves
white. Body brown ; antennas fulvous ; base gray.

North Cape — Labrador — Greenland.

BOISD.

4. C. oeiio Boisd. Figured in Boisd. Icones, pi. 39.

Wings thin and delicate ; color livid brown, mixed with yel-
lowish. Primaries nearly transparent at the extremity, which is
more yellowish; apex and edge with some blackish atoms. Secon-
daries transparent, with some black atoms towards the edge.

Under side of the primaries more yellowish, with the summit
and costal edge pointed with brownish.

Under side of the secondaries is marked with white and black,
traversed by a blackish band, crenate. The extremity, with black-
ish atoms, forming a macular ray. Fringe white and black. Body
brown. Antenna? as in the preceding species.

Lapland — Siberia — Labrador.

BOISD.

NEONYMPHA HUBNEE.

Body small, hairy ; wings large, not diaphanous, uniformly
colored above, more or less ocellated and strigose, especially be-
neath. Head small and slightly hairy. Antennas very short,
annulated with white, joints short, club robust, elongate ; labial

NEONYMPHA. 73

palpi densely clothed in front with long, straight, bristly hairs.
Thorax oval, very finely hairy. Primaries large, entire, fringed
with fine hairs ; costal margin slightly arched, veins delicate.
Secondaries sub-triangular, costal margin arched, outer angle
rounded, anal angle rather obtuse, outer margin entirely fringed
with long hairs. Fore legs of the males small and feathery ; fore
legs of the females very small, slightly feathery. Four hind legs
short, scaly. Femurs slightly clothed with hairs, tibial spurs dis-
tinct, claws much curved, entire, slender.

Larvce elongate, thickest in the middle, longitudinally strigose,
tail bifid. Chrysalis short and thick, with the head case rather
incurved and obtuse.

1. N. eurythris Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 137. N. cymela Cram. Figured

iii Herbst, pi. 196. Cram. pi. 132. Boisd. et Lee. pi. (Jl.

Wings entire, slightly brown on the upper side ; primaries, at
the extremity, with two black ocelli ; iris yellow ; double silvery
pupil. These spots are separated from the outer edge by a triple
blackish line.

Upper side of secondaries with three ocelli ; the upper one small
and widely separated from the two below ; the middle one the
largest, and it alone having the double silvery pupil.

The female has but two spots on the upper side of the secon-
daries.

Under side paler, with two brown wavy lines traversing the
middle. Between the two ocelli, corresponding to those on the
upper side, there are two double silver points.

Under side of secondaries has four spots, the upper and lower
of which are the smallest. There are also two intermediary silver
points, sometimes with an iris. Behind these spots are three
blackish lines. Body brownish ; antennas annulated with white
and black ; club ferruginous.

United States. — Expands an inch and a half.

BOISD.

2. N. gemma Hiibner. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 62.

Wings entire ; upper side uniform pale brown, except on the
lower edge of the secondaries, where there are three or four
crescent-shaped black spots.

74 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA .

Under side paler. From the base of all the wings to the middle,
there are short brown streaks. The primaries with two transverse
brown lines, the outer one wavy, and the edge with a black ray.
The secondaries are traversed by two wavy lines ; towards the
outer border, an irregular violet spot surrounded with black, en-
closing two small silver points, one at each end. Between this
and the edge is a series of silver points, confluent towards the
anal angle.

United States. — Expands an inch and a half.

BOISD.

3. N. sosybius Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 219. N. camertus Cram. Herbst.

Figured in Cram. pi. 293. Herbst, pi. 195. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 63.

Wings entire, brownish ; upper side without spots ; round the
outer edge of all are three darker lines.

Under side, which is lighter, has three transverse, obscure, un-
dulated lines. Discoidal cellule with a curved streak, and on the
secondaries a similar streak extending obliquely from one line to
the other, besides three fine lines round the edge.

The primaries have four or five ocelli, and the secondaries six.

The latter are black, with a simple white pupil and yellow iris;
some of them are less distinct than others, and sometimes almost
obsolete.

United States. — Expands an inch and a quarter.

B«ISD.

4. N. areolatus Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 494. Figured in Sm. Abb.

I, pi. 13. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 63.

Wings entire, brownish ; upper side without spots.

Under side paler, with two ferruginous transverse lines. Be-
tween these lines there is an elongated, ferruginous circle, in which
the primaries have three or four ocelli, with a bluish pupil and
yellow iris ; the secondaries inclose in this circle six ocelli, of
which the third, fourth and fifth are oblong, with the pupil oval.

Southern States Expands an inch and a half.

BOISD.

5. N. canthus Linn. Syst. Nat. 768. N. boisduvalli Harris. Figured

in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 60.

Wings entire ; bright brown above, darker towards the ex-
tremity, with four ocelli, two of which are not always distinct.

EREBIA. 75

The secondaries have six ocelli ; the anal one is of the ground
color, with a black pupil, indistinct.

Under side paler, crossed with irregular wavy lines. The pri-
maries have four ocelli, with the pupil white. The secondaries
have six ocelli, five of which are contiguous.

United States. — Expands nearly two inches.

BOISD.

[Fabricius has united the following with the preceding, but
Godart maintains that it is a distinct species. — J. G. M.]

6. N. cantheus Fab. Ent. Syst. 48C.

Nearly the same size as N. canthus. Upper side blackish-brown,
without spots. Under side lighter, with two ferruginous, oblique,
common lines. The primaries have three small indistinct eyes.
The secondaries have six, of which the fifth is large ; the sixth,
which is at the anal angle, small.

North America.

GODART.

* *

EREBIA DALMAN.

Club of the antennae gradual. Eyes naked. Tibia shorter than
the tarsus. Only the costal of the primaries inflated. Species
rather small in size ; color dark brown ; usually a ferruginous
band or spots with small black eyes, pupils white. Sometimes
the eyes are obsolete and in their stead only black spots. Under
side paler ; a dark band marbled. Outer edge rounded. Palpi
with long hairs at the last joint ; antennae not annulated.

1. E. discoidalis Kirbij. Faun. Bor. Ain. IV, 298, pi. 3.

Body brown ; antennae aunulated with white ; wings entire,
brown ; costa spotted with gray ; a triangular obscure reddish
tawny discoidal stripe extends from the base to the posterior mar-
gin of the primaries, and is discoverable also on the under side,
where the wing is faintly clouded with gray at the tip ; the secon-
daries underneath are indistinctly marbled and clouded with gray
or whitish ; fringe whitish and brown alternately.

Canada. — Expands an inch.

KIRBY.

76 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. E. nephele Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 299.

Color brown above and beneath, but paler beneath. Antennae
annulated with white ; knob slender.

Upper side is marked with an obsolete but broad submarginal
band, in which there are two eyelets with a clouded white or
bluish-white pupil, and a small black iris with a very indistinct
brown ring. The posterior wings are crenate, and marked with a
minute or obsolete black spot.

Under side, the belt of the anterior wings is much more distinct,
eyelets bright, and the outer ring of brown plain ; margin of the
wing traversed with two or three lines parallel to the edge. Outer
half of the hind wing paler and marked with six small eyelets,
which form three rows, the largest eyelet being in the middle ; the
anal angles divaricate, leaving a wide triangular space.

Canada.

KIRBY.

•

SATYRUS FAB.

.Eyes naked. Tibia long, with a spur at the end. One or two
veins on the primaries inflated. Wings wide, limb of the prima-
ries seldom rounded, that of the secondaries dentate. Upper side
brown or black, usually with a broad whitish or yellowish band
before the limb, and with ocelli in the primaries. Under side of
secondaries marbled.

[Westwood, in second volume of Doubleday's, Hewitson's, and
Westwood's Genera, proposes to limit the genus Satyrus to those
species generally of large size, which are distinguished by having
the costal and median veins of the primaries dilated at the base,

the sub-median being simple, and by having the eyes naked

J. G. M.]

1. S. alope Fab. E. S. Ill, 229. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 59.

Upper side blackish-brown ; under side paler and finely undu-
lated with black. Primaries on both sides, with a wide, yellow
ochry band, concave behind, sinuous before, touching neither the
upper nor lower edge. This band bears two ocelli, with blue
pupils, the lower one sometimes indistinct or obsolete.

SATYRUS. 77

The upper side of the secondaries, usually towards the anal
angle, has a similar ocellated spot.

The under side has a row of six ; iris yellow, pupil blue, of
which the two extreme and the intermediary are smallest.

Body of the color of the wings ; antennas annulatecl with white
and black.

The S. pegala of Fab. is most probably only a variety which
has but one eye on the primaries.

United States. — Expands two and a half inches.

BOISD.

2. S. ariane Boisd.

Upper side blackish-brown ; primaries with two black ocelli
pupilled with white, the iris a little paler ; secondaries with a
smaller eye often preceded by another small one without a pupil.

Under side brown, with the markings more obscure ; the eyes
of the primaries with a fulvous iris, preceded by a transverse
brown line, and followed near the fringe by three very fine parallel
lines ; that of the secondaries is traversed in the middle by two
sinuous brown lines, followed by an irregular row of six small
black ocelli and more or less marked with blue.

The female is much larger than the male ; the ocelli of the pri-
maries are larger, circled with fulvous yellow ; the small ocelli of
the under side of the inferiors much less distinct than in the male.

California.

BOISD.

3. S. sthenele Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 308.

Upper side brown, with the fringe ash-gray, intersected with
black ; that of the primaries with two small black ocelli with white
pupil ; that of the secondaries without spots.

Under side ash-gray, deeper at the base ; that of the primaries
with two larger ocelli circled with fulvous yellow, that of the
secondaries traversed by a wide brown angular band and marked
towards the anal angle by two small black ocelli with white pupil.

California.

BOISD.

4. S. pegala Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 494.

Body brown ; primaries obscure brown, with a wide russe
band which does not reach the edge. On both sides an eye with
a white pupil.

78 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Upper side of the secondaries obscure brown, with a black eye,
white pupil and yellow iris.

Under side of various colors, with six eyes, of which three are
united, the fifth very large. These eyes, which vary in number
and form, are black, pupil whitish, and iris ferruginous.

North America.

GODT.

DEBIS BOISD.

Body rather small, wings large; secondaries generally augulated
in the middle with a row of large ocelli ; eyes prominent, hairy ;
labial palpi rather elongated, clothed in front with moderately
short fine hair. Antennae slender, club slender, with short joints.
Thorax short, thick, hairy. Primaries triangular, ovate; fore
margin strongly curved, apical angle rounded, apical margin but
little if at all emarginate, costal vein dilated at the base. Secon-
daries subovate, more or less scolloped along the outer margin,
which is generally deeply angulated or rather shortly tailed at the
extremity. Fore legs very minute and thickly clothed with long
silky hairs ; tarsus slender, as long as the tibia, and destitute of
joints or claws. Fore legs of the females rather larger than those
of the males, slender, scaly, destitute of hairs ; tarsal articulations
concealed by scales, obliquely truncate at tip, where there are a
few short spines. Tibial spurs of the hind legs rather long.

1. D. andromacha Hiibn. Figured in Say, Amer. Ent. II, pi. 36.

Body above and the superior surface of the wings brown ; pri-
maries beyond the middle, with a broad paler band, bifid before,
and including a series of four fuscous oval spots or epupillate
ocelli, of which the second and sometimes the third are small and
the posterior one largest ; between the band and the exterior edge
is a single narrow pale line, sometimes obsolete ; exterior edge
alternately white and black ; secondaries with a narrow fuscous,
angulated line across the middle, and a broad pale band beyond
the middle, in which is a series of five fuscous epupillate ocelli with
a yellow iris, the third smallest, then the fifth, the first being largest,

DEBIS. 79

exterior margin slightly tinged with rufous and with one or two
fuscous lines.

Under side perlaceous, with a brown narrow band before the
middle ; beyond which is a broad lighter perlaceous band, in which
on the primaries are four epupillate ocelli, two or three anterior
•ones small, and on the secondaries are six ocellate spots, consisting
of a fuscous spot surrounded by a yellow line and having a white
pupil ; first spot distant, third small, fifth double; exterior margin
with a yellow line.

Larva long, subcylindric, striate ; head with two erect horns ;
body terminating in two porrected points.

Chrysalis short, thick, constricted across the abdomen.

North and West.

SAY.

2. D. portlandia Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 103. Figured in Boisd. et Lee.
pi. 58.

Upper side pale livid brown, inclining to russety, with three
large black eyes on the primaries and five on the secondaries.
These eyes have no pupils and are surrounded with a yellow iris.
Sometimes the primaries have a small intermediate eye between
the first and second, and the secondaries have a sixth small anal
eye.

The under side is paler than the upper, with a violet reflection,
traversed by two brown sinuous rays, between which there is a
discoidal arc of the same color. The eyes are neater and blacker
than above, with the iris yellow ; those of the primaries are in-
closed in an oblong white ring, and the first is often pupilled with
white ; those of the secondaries are nearly all pupilled with white,
the anal is double and the pupils oblong. Besides this, the eyes
are preceded on all the wings by a white sinuous band, and fol-
lowed by a line of the same color, which is double in the secon-
daries. The marginal edge is fulvous yellow. Antenna yellowish ;
body of the color of the wings.

Larva feeds on grasses ; green, with two white dorsal lines and
a lateral band of the same color. The anal points are prominent,
rosy white ; head surmounted by two points of the same color,
which are elevated in the form of ears ; the under side of the abdo-
men and the feet are whitish-green.

Georgia.

BOISD.

80 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

COEONYMPHA WESTWOOD.

Body small, wings entire, rounded, sometimes entirely destitute
of ocellated spots ; the tbree principal nerves of the primaries
inflated at the base ; fringe long, costal edge moderately arcuated •
secondaries oval and triangular, fringe long, external edge convex
and entire, internal edge usually emarginate towards the end ;
antenna3 thin, not annulated with black, club ovoid, elongate;
labial palpi much compressed, straight, hairy in front; head small,
hairy, without a frontal tuft ; eyes prominent, naked ; abdomen
moderately long, thin.

1. C. semidea Say. Amer. Ent. Ill, pi. 50.

Body black, immaculate ; antennae fuscous, beneath bright ru-
fous toward the tip, the club very gradually formed ; primaries
brown, the costal margin with alternate black and white spots ;
beneath dull ochreous, with obsolete, transverse, abbreviated,
blackish lines ; costal and broad tip margin alternated with vivid
black and white lines ; secondaries dark brown ; towards the pos-
terior margin obscure ochreous, with obsolete abbreviated, black-
ish, transverse lines ; posterior margin with a slender black line
and dirty white edging ; beneath marbled with black and white,
the black prevailing across the middle and base of the wing.

White Mountains of ]S"ew Hampshire.

SAY.

2. C. galactina Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 309.

Upper side white, a little yellowish; without any other spot than
by the transparency of the other side.

Under side of the primaries with a small black eye at the sum-
mit, most frequently without a pupil, preceded from the side of
the base by a ferruginous transverse line a little bent ; that of the
secondaries washed with gray, aud this part more obscure is sepa-
rated from the other by a sinuous ray, followed by one, two, three
or four small black eyes, often without pupils.

California.

BOISD.

CALISTO. ARGUS. 81

CALISTO HPBN.

The hairy eyes, the dilatation of the base of the costal and
median veins of the primaries, the insertion of all the branches of
the post-costal veins beyond the extremity of the discoidal veins,
the strongly angulated middle disco-cellular vein and the lobed
secondaries, distinguish this genus.

1. C. zangis Fab. E. S. Ill, 218. C. agues Cram. Figured in Cram. pi.
325. Herbst, pi. 203.

Upper side brownish-black velvety, a little paler towards the
tip ; a small black eye with a yellow iris at the lobe of the se-
condaries.

Under side ferruginous, with four black transverse and undulated
lines, of which two are between the base and the middle, the other
two near the terminal edge.

Primaries, opposite the summit, have a large black eye, with a
russety iris and a double white pupil.

Secondaries have two eyes, of which the anal one is like that on
the upper side, the other similar to that of the primaries, but a
little oblong and surmounted with three white points.

Body of the color of the wings.

Carolina. — Expands an inch and a half.

ENCYC. M£TH.

FAM. VIII. LYCAENIDAE.

Larva in the form of Oniscus (wood-louse.) Chrysalis short,
obtuse at both ends. Perfect insect; abdominal edge em-
bracing a little portion of the abdomen. Discoidal cellule
closed apparently by a small nerviform prominence. Hooks
of the tarsi very small.

ARGUS LINN.

Head smaller than the thorax ; palpi bent ; second article co-
vered with short and thick-set hairs ; the last article naked, thin
and filiform ; antennae, moniliform, terminated by fusiform club,
compressed laterally at its extremity. The color of Argus is
usually blue. The under side presents a number of small spots

82 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

or ocellated points, and often a marginal band of yellow spots.
The females differ from the- males in being often brown or blackish.
Wings rounded, and ordinarily without tails. Some species have
a small filiform process.

1. A. filenus Poey, Cent. A. Hanno ? Hubn. A. ubaldus Godt. A. pseu-

doptiletes Boisd. Figured in Hubn. Exot. Samml. Cram. 390. L. M.
Boisd. et Lee. pi. 35, p. 114.

Upper side of the male blue, with a slight black border ; fringe
whitish. In both sexes there is a small black round spot near the
marginal edge of the secondaries.

Under side ash-gray, usually more pale in the male than in the
female, with a discoidal crescent on the middle of each, and three
sinuous, common bands, formed of small black spots circled with
white, of which the posterior are a little less distinct and somewhat
. sagittate. The space which separates the internal band of the
median is usually whiter than the rest, and forms a band of small
white quadrangular spots. The base of the secondaries has a
transverse row of three very black points, circled with white ; of
which the external is largest. The secondaries have on the mar-
ginal edge and near the anal angle, a black eye, more or less circled
with yellow, sprinkled behind with golden-green atoms.

Southern States. — Expands three-fourths of an inch.

BOISD.

2. A. pseudargiolus Boisd. et Lee. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 36,

p. 118.

Upper side of the. male tender violet blue, with a slight black
edge, often widened on the primaries. Fringe whitish and black.

Upper side of the female paler blue and less violet, a wide black,
border on the primaries, and a marginal row of black points ; a
small black arc at«the extremity of the discoidal cellule.

Under side obscure gray, with a brown discoidal streak, a trans-
verse sinuous line of black points a little circled with white, and a
marginal row of brownish triangular crescents, each one supported
by a point more obscure. At the base of the pmuati^s, a trans-
verse row of three distinct black points.

Larva green, pubescent; back yellowish; a median interrupted
ray, cut transversely by a wide arc ; oblique streaks on the sides ;
near the feet a marginal ray, dark green ; head black.

POLYOMMATUS. 83

Chrysalis reddish ; wing envelopes greenish ; back with four
rows of obscure spots.

United States. — Expands an inch.

BOISD.

POLYOMMATUS LATH.

Palpi very straight ; last article naked, rather long and subu-
late ; head more narrow than the thorax; antennce long, terminated
by a fusiform elongated club ; anal angle of the secondaries in
most males a little prolonged ; posterior edge usually somewhat
emarginate before this angle, in the females.

Ground color of the wings more or less lively fulvous, at least
in one of the sexes. The females always have some black points
on the upper side.

1. P. comyntas Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 660. Figured in Boisd. et
Lee. pi. 36, p. 120.

Upper side of the male violet blue, posterior edge blackish.

Upper side of the female blackish-brown, sometimes uniform,
sometimes with the base covered with bluish dust. Fringe white
in both sexes ; secondaries, with a marginal row of small round
spots, of which one or two, near the filiform tail, are surmounted
with a reddish arc.

Under side gray, with a central arc, then a flexuous line of
small ocellate points, circled with white, and two marginal lines
of small brownish spots. Secondaries, with a row of two or three
basal black points, and two anal triangular crescents, reddish-
yellow, with black ends, each supported on a very black point, but
separated from it by a small arc of shining gold-green atoms.

Larva dirty greenish-white ; an interrupted dorsal ray, and
oblique lateral russety streaks ; near the head, a transverse streak
blackish, and near the tail, two greenish triangular spots. Head
black.

Clirysalis yellowish ; wing envelopes paler, and four dorsal rows
of obscure points.

United States. — Expands a little over an inch.

BOISD.

84 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. P. phlaeas Linn. Syst. Nat. 793. Figured inmost European authors.

Upper side of the primaries in both sexes shining fulvous, with
the upper and side edge blackish-brown, and eight large black
points.

Secondaries blackish-brown, with a central arc and some deeper
points ; then a fulvous crenated band, sometimes surmounted by a
row of four or five blue points.

Under side of the primaries grayish-ash, with fifteen small scat-
tered points, and a flexuous line.

Larva, which feeds on Rumex, is green, pubescent, with a rosy
dorsal and marginal line, or sgmetimes pale green.

Chrysalis grayish, with obscure points on the back.

United States, Europe, Africa, &c. — Expands over an inch.

BOISD.

3. P. hypophlaeas Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 293.

Closely resembles P. phleas, but is smaller, with the points more
distinct, the wings more rounded ; under side of the secondaries
white-ashy, with the yellow marginal band strongly marked.

North of California and Northern United States.

BOISD.

4. P. thoe Boisd. et Lee. Figured in Guer. Reg. Anim. pi. 81. Boisd.

et Lee. pi. 38, p. 125.

Upper side of the male brownish, with a violet reflection and a
light blackish border ; three black points, of which two are in the
discoidal cellule.

Secondaries have on the terminal edge an orange fulvous band,
crenated behind, and a blackish arc on the end of the discoidal

cellule.

Upper side of the primaries of the female fulvous, with a blackish
border, and some black discoidal points, of which two or three are
in the cellule, and the others disposed in a transverse line. That
of the secondaries brownish, with some scattered brownish points
disposed nearly as on the primaries, and a fulvous marginal band
as in the male, but paler.

Under side in both sexes the same. Primaries fulvous, with
the posterior edge ashy, two or three sinuous rows of black points,
and four similar points between the base of the wing and the
internal row.

POLYOMMATUS. 85

Under side of secondaries pale ashy, with a fulvous band as
above ; some black points circled with white, without order, to-
wards the base, but regular towards the extremity. Fringe of
secondaries white and black.

United States. — Expands over an inch.

BOISD.

5. P. epixanthe Boisd. et Lee. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 38, p. 127.

Upper side brownish-black, with scattered black points. Pri-
maries with the costal edge a little reddish ; secondaries with a
narrow marginal fulvous band, crenated behind. Fringe grayish.

Under side yellowish ; primaries, with about fifteen black points
disposed as in the analogous species ; secondaries, with black
points, but small ; a crenated band of a more lively tint than that
on the upper side.

Western States. — Expands about an inch.

BOISD.

6. P. crataegi Boisd. et Lee. P. tarquinius Fab. Figured in Boisd. et

Lee. pi. 37, p. 128.

Wings, blackish-brown ; primaries, with a longitudinal sinuous
yellow band, irregular at its extremity, and marked towards the
base by a blackish interrupted line.

Secondaries, with the lower limb bright yellow, and a marginal
series of black points.

Primaries of the female yellowish, with a crenate black border
and two longitudinal interrupted black bands, the anterior the
longer, and divided into three parts. Secondaries with the ex-
tremity yellowish, and four to six black points disposed in two
rows.

The under side is reddish-yellow, glossed with whitish, with
deeper spots slightly circled with white on the secondaries ; pri-
maries, with all the disk, of a yellowish tint.

Larva, which feeds on Crataegus, is green, with three dorsal
white rays, and one at the base of the feet.

Chrysalis grayish ; back darker, marked with prominent tuber-
cles. Hind extremity pointed and a little arcuate.

United States. — Expands an inch and a half.

BOISD.

86 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

7. P. helloides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 292.

Upper side smoky yellow, with a beautiful violet reflection in
the male. Markings nearly as in P. phleas, except that the latter
has only one black point towards the base of the primaries, whilst
this species has two.

Under side of primaries nearly similar to P. phleas ; that of the
secondaries reddish-gray, with a row of marginal lunules bright
ferruginous.

San Francisco.

BOISD.

8. P. gorgon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 292.

Upper side with a bright violet reflection, a small black border,
and the fringe intersected with white ; primaries with a small sub-
costal black point ; secondaries with a fulvous anal streak.

Upper side of the female dull brown, spotted with fulvous, as in
the allied species, but of a paler tint.

Under side of both sexes russety on the primaries, pale grayish
on the secondaries, with a great number of ocellate black points
on each wing, and a row of fulvous marginal spots on the secon-
daries:

Mountains of California.

BOISD.

•

9. P. xanthoides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 292.

Size and general appearance of P. gorgon.

Under side of the male pale ashy-brown, rather glossy, with a
black edge and white fringe slightly cut by the black of the nerves.
Primaries with a small subcostal black streak, preceded by a small
point of the same color ; secondaries with a fulvous marginal
streak towards the anal angle, and marked with two or three mar-
ginal black points in a line, and united with the border.

Under side russety gray, with a great number of black points ;
that of the secondaries with two or three fulvous lunules towards
the anal angle, preceded by a ray paler than the general tint.

Mountains of California. Rare.

BOISD.

10. P. arota Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 293.

Upper side of the male brown, with a glossy red reflection, and
some small points which are transparent from the opposite surface;

POLYOMMATUS. 87

anal angle of secondaries with two small black marginal points,
one on each side of the tail.

Upper side of the female brown, with the disk of the primaries
and the greater part of the secondaries fulvous, spotted with black.

Under side of the primaries fulvous, the extremity ashy, with a
great number of ocellate black points.

Under side of secondaries ashy, with smaller points and less dis-
tinct, a whitish band, terminal, sinuous within, deeper towards the
fringe, and marked on each side of the tail with a black point.
Distinguished from the allied species by the small tail.

California.

BOISD.

11. P. amyntula Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2rne ser. X, 294.

Very similar to P. comyntas, of which it may be only a variety.
It differs from it in the male not having fulvous lunules on the
upper side, and in the under side of both sexes being more white,
with smaller points ; and finally, in having only the anal lunule
powdered with golden atoms.

California.

BOISD.

12. P. exilis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 295.

The smallest species known.

Upper side clear brown; secondaries paler, with -a blackish
border.

Under side of primaries very clear brown, with white interrupted
transverse stria?, more or less distinct.

Under side of secondaries white, with brown stria3 and a mar-
ginal row of seven black ocelli powdered with golden atoms.

California.

BOISD.

13. P. antaegon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 295. P. acmon ?

Westw. and Hewits. Gen. Diurn. Lep. pi. 76, fig. 1.

Upper side beautiful violet blue, with a small blackish border
and white fringe ; inferiors with ante-marginal border fulvous,
resting on a series of black points.

Under side ash-gray, with a great number of distinct and neat
black points. That of the secondaries has before the border a
fulvous interrupted band, resting on a row of black ocelli, pow-

LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dered with very brilliant golden atoms ; a black point between
the base and the discoidal spot of the primaries. The female is
sometimes all blue, sometimes only at the base, and sometimes
nearly black. In every case the band of the upper side of the
secondaries is always more distinct than in the male.
California.

BOISD.

14. P. xerces Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 296.

Upper side of the male, blue ; that of the female brown, with
some blue atoms at the base, without any other spot.

Under side of both sexes dark gray, with a central spot and a
sinuous interrupted band, formed of large white points; no mar-
ginal lunules.

California.

15. P. saepiolus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 297.

Upper side blue, with a black border, wide on the primaries,
more narrow on the secondaries, the primaries having besides a
black costal point. Female entirely black, or powdered with blue
at the base. ,

Under side ash-gray in the male, dark gray in the female, with
a great number of black points as in the analogous species ; that
of the secondaries with three or 'four fulvous marginal luuules,
more distinct in the female.

Mountains of California.

16. P. icarioides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 297.

Upper side violet blue, with a small black border and white
fringe. That of the secondaries with the border interrupted,
forming a series of marginal black points.

Under side clear and white ; that of the primaries with a dis-
coidal lunule and a transverse sinuous line formed of black ocel-
late spots ; that of the secondaries with a central lunule and two
sinuous rows of white points scarcely pupilled with black. Female
brown, with the under side rather dark brownish-gray, marked
with a central lunule and two rows of distinct ocellate black points.

Mountains of California,

POLYOMMATUS. 89

17. P. pheres Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 297.

Upper side violet bine. Under side ashy-white ; that of the
primaries with a small discoidal cellule and a sinuous line of ocel-
late black points ; that of the secondaries with white spots not
ocellate. Female brown, with the base more or less bluish.

San Francisco.

18. P. heteronea Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 297.

Upper side violet blue, with a small blackish edge, white fringe,
and very prominent nerves.

Under side ashy-white ; that of the primaries with a point and
central lunule black, followed by two parallel sinuous lines of black
points.

Under side of secondaries with two parallel rows of small obso-
lete spots, whitish-gray, little distinct from the ground color.

Upper side of the female brown, with the disk more or less
fulvous, pointed with black, and traversed by a sinuous line of
large black points. Under side like that of the male.

Mountains of Northern California.

19. P. enoptes Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 298.

Upper side violet blue, with a rather wide black border ; the
fringe intersected with white and black on the primaries only,
entirely whitish on the secondaries.

Under side ashy-white, with a great number of black ocellate
points ; the two strite of posterior points are separated on the
secondaries by a series of five yellow lunules.

California.

BOISD.

20. P. piasus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser, X, 299.

Upper side blue, fringe whitish ; that of the female with a blackish
border on all the wings.

Under side of both sexes ashy-white, with a multitude of black
ocellate points disposed as in the analogous species. Those of the
posterior row are followed by one of clear white, which forms a
transverse band, and occupies the whole space between it and the
crescents of the extremity, which are nearly effaced, and resting

90 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

behind on a grayish marginal band, crenate, more obscure than the
ground color.

California.

BOISD.

21. P. antiacis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 300.

Upper side violet blue, with a slender black margin and whitish
fringe.

Under side ash-gray, with the base greenish-blue ; a transverse
line of black points strongly ocellate with white, near the ex-
tremity, preceded on the primaries by a central lunule and on the
secondaries by a central lunule and two ocellate points. Female
blackish above, with the base more or less bluish.

San Francisco.

BOISD.

22. P. dorcas Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 299. Figured in Kirby Faun.

Bor. Amer. IV, pi. 4, fig. 1.

Body black above, white below. Antenna? black, with white
rings. Knob tipped with orange; wings brown, with a reddish
tint, underneath tawny ; primaries with an angular band, formed
by faint black spots; behind these nearer the costa is a black bar,
above which are two more spots ; between the band and the pos-
terior margin are three more black spots, arranged transversely,
and above the base are three more black spots forming a triangle;
the secondaries have a slight sinus near the anal angle, the fringe
of which projects so as to assume the appearance of a short tail ;
across the disk runs an angular band formed of faint black spots,
above which is a crescent of the same color ; at the anal angle is
an orange-colored angular bar, or abbreviated band ; underneath,
these wings have several indistinct black dots, the three external
ones of which form an obtuse angle with the four internal ones.

"This species seems to be the American representation of P.
phlaeas, but its color is much less vivid."

Canada.

KIRBY.

23. P. lucia Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 299. Figured in Kirby Faun. Amer.
Bor. IV, pi. 3, fig. 8, 9.

Wings above silvery blue, terminating, especially at the poste-
rior margin, in a very slender black line ; fringe white, barred

THECLA. 91

with black; primaries underneath ash-colored, mottled with white;
in the disk is a black crescent and a curved macular band, consist-
ing of mostly oblique black crescents edged with white, especially
on -their under side. The wing terminates posteriorly in a broadish
brown band, formed chiefly by obsolete eyelets; secondaries brown,
underneath spotted and striped with black and white ; towards the
posterior margin the white spots are arranged in a transverse band
parallel with it, and as in the primaries ; the wing terminates in
several obsolete eyelets.

Canada. — Expands one inch.

KlKBT.

24. P. americana Harris MS.

The fore wings on the upper side are coppery-red, with about
eight small square black spots, and the hind margin broadly bor-
dered with dusky-brown ; the hind wings are dusky-brown, with a
few small black spots on the middle, and a broad coppery-red band
on the hind margin. The wings expand from 1TL to li inch.
The caterpillar is long oval, and slightly convex above, and of a
greenish color ; it probably lives like the P. phleas, on the leaves
of dock and sorrel. The chrysalis, which is usually suspended
under a stone, is light yellowish-brown and spotted with black
dots.

Massachusetts.

HARRIS.

THECLA FAB.

Palpi nearly straight, sometimes longer than the head ; last
article naked, rather long, subulate or a little acicular; head more
narrow than the thorax ; eyes rather prominent; antennce of mode-
rate length, terminated by a club usually elongate and sometimes
nearly fusiform ; secondaries prolonged in one or more thin tails,
sometimes but rarely simply dentate.

1. T. halesus Fab. Syst. emend. Ill, 273. T. dolichos Hiibn. Figured
in Cram. 98. Herbst, pi. 295. Hubn. Zutr. 219. Boisd. et Lee.
pi. 25, p. 83.

Upper side of the males, beautiful glossy blue. Primaries have
at the extremity a black border of moderate width. Secondaries

92 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

terminated by two black tails, of which the external one is much
shorter. At the external angle, near the summit, there is a wide
black border, which does not reach the anal angle. The latter is
extended somewhat in the form of a spatule, powdered on both
sides with golden atoms, which extend to the base of the tails.

The upper side of the females is pale greenish-blue, and this
color extends scarcely beyond the middle of the wings ; spatule
and base of the tails, as in the males.

Under side of all the wings in both sexes is brownish-black, with
three red spots, of which one is at the base of the primaries, and
the two others at the base of the secondaries. The latter have
besides, towards the anal angle, a macular ray of golden green,
followed by several white spots, powdered with some golden atoms.
The males often have along the edge of the superiors, a blue ray,
more or less distinct.

Body and thorax above of the color of the wings.

Abdomen red below and on the sides, and in some specimens
this color extends to the back.

Under side of the breast black, with some white points which
extend to the base of the primaries.

Head pointed with white ; antennae black, with the club more
fusiform than in most of the species of this genus.

Larva, which feeds on Quercus, green, slightly pubescent.
Head and scaly feet testaceous. On the back, there is a small
ray, and on the sides nine oblique bands of obscure green. At
the base of the feet, a marginal ray of greenish-yellow.

Chrysalis russety, pointed with brown.

Southern States. — Expands an inch and a half.

BOISD.

2. T. M-album Boisd. et Lee. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 26, p. 86.

A size smaller than T. halesus. Upper side of the male blue, a
little violet, with a wide black border commencing at the base of
the primaries and extending nearly all round.

The upper side of the female is a little more pale, and the black
border is usually wider.

In both sexes, the secondaries are furnished with two small
black tails, of which the external one is shorter.

The under side of the wings is cinereous ; that of the primaries
is traversed towards the middle by a small white ray which begins

THEOLA. 93

on the upper edge and ends on the median nervure. The secon-
daries have beyond the middle a whitish line, straight in its first
half, angular towards the anal angle, where it describes a kind of
M, and then continuing to the side. Between this line and the
outer edge there is another line, less distinct, shaded outwardly
with blackish, interrupted by a red spot, situated in the space
between the two tails. The anal angle has a black spatule, sepa-
rated from the internal tail by a square pale blue spot. At the
base of the tails there is a small white or grayish line which sepa-
rates the fringe, which is also white in this part of the wings.
The base of the upper edge of the primaries is reddish, and the
middle of the secondaries, near the upper edge, is marked with a
whitish point.

Body, bluish above ; ashy gray below.

Antennae blackish, annulate with white ; club blackish, tipped
with fulvous.

In some specimens there is a small red spot on the spatule of
the anal angle.

Larva slightly pubescent, pale green, a little yellowish, with a
dorsal ray and seven oblique streaks, green.

Head black ; marginal ray yellow, slightly shaded with obscure
green on its upper side. Feeds on Quercus.

Chrysalis brownish-gray, with the anterior part and envelope of
the wings pale gray, a little greenish.

Southern States.

BOISD.

3. T. psyche Boisd. et Lee. p. 88. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 27.

Same size as T. M-album, and most probably a mere variety.
The four wings glossy blue, a little violet, with a wide black border
as in T. M-album. The primaries sometimes have the costal margin
a little reddish at the origin.

Secondaries with two tails; generally a small red spot at the
anal angle ; sometimes a small white spot on the disk of the pri-
maries, in the male.

Under side dark, cinereous. Primaries traversed in the upper
half by two whitish rays, meeting at their lower extremity. Secon-
daries traversed to the middle by a white ray describing a sort of
M. Between this ray and the external edge there is another,
which is interrupted between the two tails by a red spot. Near

94 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the larger tail there is a bluish space, bordered interiorly with
black.

Southern States.

BOISD.

4. T. hyperici Boisd. et Lee. p. 90. T. favonius? Boisd. Figured in
Boisd. et Lee. pi. 28.

Probably a variety of T. favonius. Upper side blackish-brown,
uniform in the female, a more obscure tint in the disk of the male,
forming a sort of indistinct spot.

The secondaries have two tails, of which the internal is the
longer. They are preceded by one or two fulvous crescents, sup-
ported by a black spot, separated from the fringe by a pale bluish-
gray ray. The edge of the anal spatule is also a little bordered
with fulvous.

The under side of the wings is ash-gray. The primaries are
traversed in their posterior half by two rather wavy rays, of which
the anterior one is white, bordered with reddish-brown, and the
other brown, feebly lined with whitish.

The secondaries are traversed by two white rays, shaded with
brown before. The anterior one is angular towards the anal angle,
and the other is interrupted between the two tails by a fulvous
spot, marked with black behind. The anal spatule is more widely
fulvous than above, and between this and the other fulvous spot
there is a space of pale blue. Besides these, the four wings have
at the origin of .the fringe a small brownish line more or less appa-
rent, and the costal edge is a little marked with fulvous at its
origin.

Body like the wings ; lower side of the head and the extremity
of the abdomen of the female a little fulvous. Antennae blackish,
with white rings ; club tipped with reddish. Breast and under
side of abdomen white.

Larva above reddish, with three brown rays, of which one is on
the back. Lower side of abdomen, head and feet, green. Feeds
on Hypericum.

Chrysalis yellowish, with the rings of the abdomen a little violet,
marked with four rows of black points.

Southern States. — Expands a little over an inch.

BOISD.

THECLA. 95

N 5. T. falacer Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 633. T. calanus Hiibn. Figured
in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 29, p. 92.

Upper side uniform brownish-black. Primaries with a small,
oval, grayish shining spot on the disk of the males. Secondaries
terminated by two small tails, a little whitish at the extremity, of
which the internal one is much the longer. At the base of these
tails, near the fringe, there is a small grayish-white line, sometimes
preceded by an indistinct fulvous spot.

Under side ashy brown, with a short, geminate, bluish ray on
the disk of each wing. The primaries are traversed by two small
rays of bluish-white, shaded with brown on one of their sides, of
which the exterior is indistinct. The secondaries are traversed by
two similar rays which form an angle towards the abdominal edge.
Between the tails there is a fulvous spot, bordered with black on
the outer side, followed by one or two small spots of the same
color — an ashy blue space, bordered with a black spatule. The
anal emargination is also bordered with fulvous ; a small white
marginal line at the fringe.

Body, like the wings ; breast, with some bluish hairs ; abdomen
whitish. Antennae blackish, with white rings ; club blackish.

Larva, which feeds on Crataegus, pale russety ; a little greenish
on the sides, which are marked with oblique brown streaks ; a
wide brown band on the back, which disappears on the middle
rings, where it is replaced by two parallel brown lines; the brown
band reappears on the posterior rings.

Chrysalis yellowish-brown, powdered with brown atoms.

Southern States. — Expands a little over an inch.

BOISD.

-1 6. T. favonius? Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 635. T. melinus? Hiihn.
T. humuli Har. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 14. Boisd. et Lee. pi. 30.

Form and size of T. falacer. "Upper side dusky brown, with
a tint of blue gray ; and in the males there is an oval darker spot
near the front edge ; the secondaries have two short thread-like
tails, the inner one the longer and tipped with white ; along the
hind margin of these same wings is a row of little pale blue spots,
interrupted by a large orange-red crescent, inclosing a small black
spot ; under side slate gray, with two wavy streaks of brown,
edged on one side with white ; and on the secondaries an orange-

96 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

colored spot near the bind angle, and a larger spot of the same
color inclosing a black dot just before the tails. It expands one
inch and one-tenth." Larva feeds on Humulus (Hop).

HARRIS, INS. MASS., p. 217, ed. 1842.'

7. T. liparops Boisd. et Lee. p. 99. T. favonius Sm. Abb. Figured in
Boisd. et Lee. pi. 31.

Form and size of T. falacer. Upper side clear brown ; on the
disk of the primaries a fulvous, oblong spot, transversely disposed
and mingling more or less with the ground color. In the female?
this fulvous space is preceded by a small black spot.

Secondaries terminated by two tails, of which the internal is the
longer. Between these tails, usually a fulvous spot in the female.
In both sexes, there is a small black spot at the base of each tail,
separated from the fringe by a whitish or bluish ray. The anal

spatule is also marked by a blackish spot surmounted with a little
. • -

white. .•' •

Under side pale ash-gray- primaries traversed by four white
lines, more or less distinct, M&lflpnitmg towards the lower edge.
Between these lines and the outer edge there is another sinuous
white line. Secondaries traversed by two double rays, of which
the anterior form a sharp angle below. Behind these rays, there
is a fulvous macular band, formed of from three to six spots, bor-
dered slightly with black. Anal spatule is marked with a little
black, and between it and the long tail there is a bluish space.

Under side of the body like the wings. Breast, abdomen below,
and feet grayish-white. Antenna black, with white rings ; club
tipped with fulvous.

Larva yellowish-green, with a dorsal line and eight oblique
streaks of dark green. Marginal ray green, yellow below.

1 There is an almost inextricable confusion in the determination of these
species. T. humulus Harr. has been mistaken for T. favonius Sm. Abb.,
but is different. Boisd. has figured this species as F. favonius in Boisd. et
Lee. pi. 30, but he is doubtful himself of its correctness. He says, " I am
by no means certain that Abbot's Favonius is the same as the one I give.

After having carefully examined my specimens and attentively

compared them with the original drawings and notes of Abbot, I have
come to the conclusion that my Ifyperici is the same as my Favonius ....
and that T. liparops is the true Favonius."

THECLA. 9T

Chrysalis ash-gray, with two rows of blackish points on each
side of the abdominal rings.

Southern States.

BOISD.

8, T. iris Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 674. Figured in Boisd. et Lee.

pi. 31, p. 101.

Upper side of the male blackish-brown, with a small grayish
ovoid spot near the costal edge ; the female is deeper brown, with
the extremity more or less russety.

Wings denticulate ; fringe whitish.

Under side brown, with a white transverse line, sinuous. Ex-
tremity of the wings a little russety, divided by an indistinct ray,
divided by the nervures. The extremity of the secondaries are
powdered with ash-gray, and divided by a transverse interrupted
line of brown purple, often marked by one or two small brown
spots. The base is slightly powdered with gray, and separated
from the tint of the middle by a wavy transverse line.

Larva, which feeds on Vacdnium, is yellowish-green, with two
dorsal interrupted rays; one lateral ray and eight oblique streaks
pale green.

Chrysalis ferruginous, pubescent; two longitudinal obscure rays.

Georgia. — Expands an inch and an eighth.

GODART.

9. T. arsace Boisd. et Lee. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 32, p. 103.

Same size as T. iris, and in some respects similar.

Upper side of the male brownish-black, with a small ovoid spot
near the costal edge ; the female is deeper brown, with the ex-
tremity reddish-yellow, forming on the primaries a large spot
mingling with the ground color, and on the secondaries a smaller
spot situated near the anal angle. Wings denticulate as in T. iris.

Under side brown, traversed in the middle by a sinuous brown
line ; extremity of the primaries paler, divided by two transverse
rays more obscure and indistinct ; extremity of the secondaries is
powdered with gray as in T. iris, divided by a row of indistinct
brownish spots, aud forming nearly a curved ray.

Larva reddish ; back white from the second to the ninth ring,
and divided by two parallel interrupted lines of obscure green.
Near the base of the feet, there is a marginal ray of the same color,
7

98 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

bordered with white below, and between that and the dorsal rays
a row of seven or eight oblique streaks.

Chrysalis reddish before, and the wing envelopes greenish.

Southern States.

BOISD.

10. T. niphon Hubn. Figured in Hiibn. Zutr. fig. 203. Boisd. et Lee.

pi. 33, p. 105.

Size, color, and upper side markings of T. iris and T. arsace.

Under side rather clear russety brown ; the discoidal cellule of
the primaries has two black transverse streaks, and beyond the
middle a black sinuous ray edged with white, followed by a row of
black sagittate spots, uniting in a curved wavy line, separated
from the fringe by small grayish spaces. The secondaries are
traversed by two tortuous black rays, of which the one towards the
base is edged with white within and the other with white without,
and connecting with the ray of the primaries. Between these two
rays there is a black streak, and the outer one is followed by an
angular black ray, of which the posterior concavity is filled by a
pale tint, which separates it from a marginal purple line, more or
less mingling near the fringe, with an ashy tint.

Larva green, pubescent, with three longitudinal rays on the
back, the middle one pale yellow, the other two white. Near the
feet, usually a small marginal white line. Head brown. Feeds
on Pinus.

Chrysalis grayish, with four rows of small spots, of which the
two middle ones are blackish and indistinct, and the others ferru-
ginous.

Georgia and Florida.

BOISD.

11. T. smilacis Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 33, p. 107.

Upper side blackish-brown, with a pale whitish spot near the
middle of the costal edge ; the secondaries have two thin tails, as
in the analogous species.

Under side greenish, often washed with a little reddish, with a
transverse whitish ray sinuous on the primaries, tortuous on the
secondaries, bordered in front by a ferruginous tint. Between this
ray and the base, the secondaries have another short transverse
sinuous ray of the same color. The extremity is marked by two
or three ashy crescents, of which the intermediary is black in front,

THECLA. 99

and the third in a line with two or three small ferruginous spots,
more or less distinct. The anal palette is black, and near the
fringe there is a small white marginal line.

Larva, which feeds on Smilax, is green, with the head and feet
blackish. It has four rows of red spots, of which the two dorsal
are formed of smaller spots, and one on each side composed of
spots somewhat larger.

Chrysalis grayish-brown, with the abdomen more clear and

reddish.

BOISD.

12. T. sylvinus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sen X, 287.

Upper side brownish-black in both sexes, with a stigma on the
primaries of the male, and one or two fulvous spots near the anal
angle of the secondaries of the female.

Under side pale ashy, with a small discoidal spot on each wing,
and two sinuous striae of points of the same color towards the
extremity ; the anal angle of the secondaries with a space of bluish
ashy, preceded before the tail by a yellow lunule supported by a
black point.

California.

BOISD.

13. T. auretorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 287.

Upper side blackish-brown, with a stigma on the primaries and
two obsolete fulvous spots towards the anal angle of the seconda-
ries. Under side br.own, with two wavy rays on the secondaries,
blackish, indistinct, of which the posterior is nearly marginal and
supported in two small fulvous crescents ; edge of the anal angle
black.

California.

BOISD.

14. T. saepium Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 287.

Upper side reddish-brown, without spots, in both sexes ; the
male with a stigma on the primaries. Under side brown, a little
more pale towards the extremity, traversed a little beyond the
middle by a small white line, wavy, and near the extremity by a
line more obscure, obsolete, equally sinuous, blending towards the
anal angle of the secondaries into a grayish-blue space preceded
by a small black crescent.

California.

BOISD.

100 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

15. T. grunus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 289.

Female ; upper side brown, with the disk obscure fulvous, espe-
cially on the secondaries. Under side pale yellowish, traversed a
little beyond the middle by an indistinct ferruginous line. On the
right and left of the tail there is a small fulvous crescent, sur-
mounted by a blackish arc.

California.

BOISD.

16. T. iroides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me. ser. X, 289.

Upper side brown, without spots in the male, the disk a little
ferruginous in the female, and angle of the secondaries deeply
emarginate. Under side brown. Under side of secondaries fer-
ruginous brown, sometimes a little vinous, with the base widely
obscure, and the extremity with a row of blackish points, more or
less distinct.

California.

BOISD.

17. T. eriphon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 289.

Upper side brown, with the disk more or less marked with fer-
ruginous. Under side paler brown ; that of the primaries with a
small central point, an undulated ray, edged with white and mar-
ginal sagittate spots, blackish ; that of the secondaries washed
with vinous red, and traversed by three black rays profoundly
sinuous, edged with white, of which the posterior is serrate, form-
ing sagittate spots.

California. Rare.

BOISD.

18. T. dumetorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 291.

Wings olive brown, without spots ; anal palette of the seconda-
ries nearly obsolete. Under side of primaries russety, a little
greenish ; that of the inferiors greenish, with a transverse row of
small white points.

California.

BOISD.

19. T. damastus Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 640. T. damon Cram.

Figured in Cram. pi. 390, fig. C. D.

Upper side blackish-brown, with the disk fulvous.

THECLA. 101

Under side green, with two black bent lines, and bordered with
white to the extremities of the primaries ; with three similar lines,
but flexuous, on the surface of the secondaries. The anal angle
of secondaries has a suite of three small ocelli with a white iris.

Virginia. — Expands scarcely half an inch.

GODART.

20. T. acis Drury. T. mars Fabr. T. ixion Fabr. Figured in Drury, I,

pi. 1, fig. 2.

Upper side. Primaries entirely dark brown, without any marks
or spots. Secondaries the same, with four tails, the inner ones
much longer than the others ; close above which latter are two red
spots, edged at the bottom with black, and two more placed at
the anal angle. The ciliae white.

Under side. All the wings of a dark lead color. A very narrow
black and white line crosses the primaries, parallel to the external
edges ; another indented irregular line crosses the secondaries,
beginning near the middle of the anterior edge, and meeting just
below the extremity of the body. Four long reddish spots are
very visible on this side, below which are four black ones.

Jamaica. — Drury gives New York as its habitat. Doubtful.

21. T. strigosa Harr. MS.

" The streaked Theda has a long and a short tail on each of the
hind wings, and is of a dark brown color, without spots on the
upper side ; the wings beneath are ornamented with wavy trans-
verse white streaks, and near the hind margin of the posterior
wings is a row of deep orange-colored crescents, with a large blue
spot near the hindmost angle. It measures ly1^ inches across the
wings. In the markings of the under side of the wings it nearly
resembles T. liparops."

Massachusetts.

HARRIS MS.

•

22. T. aubumiana Harris MS.

The outermost of the tails is very short, and often nothing re-
mains of it but a little tooth on the edge of the wing. It varies
considerably in color; the females are generally deep brown above,
but sometimes the wings are rust-colored or tawny in the middle,
as they always are in the males ; the oval opaque spot which

102 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

characterizes the latter sex is ochre yellow. Upon the under side,
the wings in both sexes are green, the anterior pair tinged with
brown from the middle to the inner edge ; externally, next to the
fringe, they are all margined by a narrow wavy white line, bor-
dered internally with brown ; at some distance from the posterior
margin is another broader white line, or series of contiguous spots,
bordered internally with brown ; this line, on the fore wings, does
not reach the inner margin ; on the hind wings it consists of six
spots arranged in a zigzag manner, and the last spot, next to the
inner margin, is remote from the rest ; besides these, there are on
the same wings three more white spots bordered with brown, be-
tween the zigzag band and the base ; and between the same band
and the margin three black spots, behind the middle one of which
is a rust-red spot with a black centre. The wings expand from
IgV to 1TV inch. This pretty species is found on the mouse-ear
( GnapkaUum plantagineum) in May, and on the flowers of the
spearmint in August.

Massachusetts.

HARRIS MS.

23. T. mopsus Hubn. Figured iu Hiibn. Zutr. fig. 135. Boisd. et Lee.
pi. 34, p. 109.

Upper side of the male blackish-brown, with the usual ovoid
spot on the costal edge. The female is more dull, without the
costal spot, but with one or two yellow lunulate»spots towards the
anal angle of each wing. The secondaries are without tails.

Under side of the male is grayish-brown, traversed by a row of
black points circled with white, followed on the secondaries by a
marginal band of reddish and somewhat macular, and on the
primaries by a second row of black points lightly circled with
white.

Under side of the female is a little more clear. The series of
ocellated spots is preceded in the secondaries by a discoidal black
streak circled with white ; the red marginal band is more sensibly
edged with white in front, and continues a little on the primaries,
where it replaces the second row of black points on the male.

Larva, which feeds on Eupatorium celestinum, is greenish, with
the back a little more whitish. The anterior and dorsal part has
a brownish quadrangular space, bifid behind, and marked with
four white spots. The three hind rings have a wide white border,
edged with brown. Head and feet brownish.

NYMPHIDIA.

103

Chrysalis resembles that of Smilacis, but differs in having on
each side a row of yellow ferruginous points.

Southern States. — Expands an inch and a half.

BOISD.

24. T. poeas Hiibn. T. beon Godt. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 35,

p. 109.

Upper side blackish-brown, with the base of the primaries and
the extremity, or even the whole of the secondaries, pale blue.
Some specimens have the base of the primaries entirely blackish,
and sometimes even all the wings, without any traces of the blue.
The secondaries have tails, white at the summit. Some, which
have the extremity blue, have a row of small marginal, unequal
lunules, blackish-brown.

Under side is russety gray.

Southern States.

BOISD.

25. T. augustus Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 298. Figured in Kirby, Faun.

Bor. Amer. IV, pi. 3.

Antennae, annulated with white ; knob elongated ; wings dusky
black, with a dull ferruginous disk ; fringe alternately white and
black ; secondaries underneath black at the base ; at the apex
dusky ash-colored, with a transverse series of about eight black
spots, rudiments of which appear on the lower surface of the
primaries.

Canada. — Expands one inch.

KlEBT.

FAM. IX. ERYCINIDAE.

Larva very short, pubescent or hairy. Chrysalis short,
contracted. Perfect insect ; nearly constantly sis feet in the
females and four in the male. Abdominal edge of the secon-
daries not prominent. Discoidal cellule sometimes open,
sometimes closed, and sometimes closed apparently by a
false nervure. .Hooks of the tarsi extremely small.

NYMPHIDIA FAB. Erycina Latr.

Head of the width of the thorax ; antennae long, annulate with
whitish, terminated by a small elongated club ; palpi short,

:<*

104 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

straight, scarcely extending beyond the eyes; thorax slender,
rather long; abdomen a little shorter than the secondaries; the
four wings rounded ; discoidal cellule of the secondaries open ;
six feet in the female, four in the male.

1. N. pumila BOISD. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 37, p. 131.

Upper side reddish ferruginous, with wavy, blackish, flexuous
lines, nearly macular. Besides these black lines, the extremity
has two others of a black lead color, separated by a row of black
points, of which the internal one is strongly sinuous. Under side
fulvous yellow, with the transverse lines more macular. Body
above ferruginous, below yellowish.

Georgia — Florida.

BOISD.

LEMONIAS ILL.

Head hairy ; eyes naked. Antennse rather long, slender ; club
long, slender. Primaries more or less triangular ; costal margin
nearly straight ; apical angle subacute, post-costal vein with only
three branches. Secondaries subovate; post-costal curved at its
base, forked at a moderate distance from the base. Fore legs of
the males very small, densely clothed with soft silky hairs ; fore
legs of the females longer, slender, scaly ; tarsus armed beneath
with some short spines at the tips of the joints. Four hind legs
long, slender, scaly. Tibiae not armed beneath with spines. Nails
and appendages minute.

1. L. mormo Felder. Wiener Entom. Monatschrift, III, No. 9, 271.

Wings subrepand ; cilise widely intersected with white, above
obscurely fuscous, beneath paler. Primaries on both sides ferru-
ginous fulvous from the base to the disk, with two basal points, a
third larger, internal, a discal spot, a macular band, sinuate and
seven points, submarginal, surrounded with black and white, the
disk paler and the submarginal points much larger, elongate,
spotted with black, veins fulvous.

Secondaries a little fulvescent above the base, with two points,
marked with white ; two discal spots, one larger, the external band
macular, much interrupted, repand, minute white spots surrounded

HESPERIA. 1 05

with white, beneath mucli paler ; costa white at the base, the spots
and points of the upper surface, but much larger and nearly con-
fluent. Antenna annnlated with white. Thorax and abdomen
black above, below with the palpi and feet whitish.

Utah.

FELDER.

FAM. X. HESPERIDAE.

Larva cylindric, without spines; first ring small, head
prominent. Chrysalis tfylindroid, elongate, hardly angular.
Perfect insect; head wide, transverse. Antennae often ter-
minated by a hook. Palpi short, last article very small.

HESPERIA LINN.

Head broad ; body robust. Labial palpi compressed in front
and incurved, with the sides convex and angulated. Antenna? of
moderate length or elongate, straight, slender, with a subterminal
club, tip hooked. Primaries elongated triangular ; apical mar-
gin, more or less convex ; costal margin not reflexed, and the
disk in the males not marked with the oblique silky patch ; often
marked with pellucid spots. Secondaries subtriangular, with the
outer and anal angles rounded, or with the outer margin rounded
and sometimes dentated. Anal angle not produced into a promi-
nent lobe or short tail, and the disk beneath not marked with
silvery spots.

1. H. cellus Boisd. Figured iji Boisd. et Lee. pi. Y3.

Wings brown ; primaries with a broad yellow band across the
middle, the top of which is whitish ; a whitish spot at the upper
edge. Secondaries without spots on the disk. Fringe dull yel-
low or greenish, more distinct on the upper angle of the seconda-
ries. Under side paler ; markings of primaries the same, except
that lower edge is yellow. Secondaries with two bands of deep
brown.

United States. — Expands two inches.

BOISD.

106 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

2. H. lycidas Godt. Encyc. Method. IV, 751. Figured in Boisd. et Lee.

pi. 71.

Wings deep brown, a little yellowish near the base ; primaries
with four or five yellow spots, forming a short irregular band ;
between this band and the summit are two or three points of the
same color. Secondaries without spots.

Under side of primaries with a yellow band, narrow at the costal
edge, widening downwards but not reaching to the lower edge ;
beyond this, is an interrupted line of yellow spots and a pale
purple streak.

Under side of secondaries ash-gray, a large silvery spot on the
outer edge, surmounted by two points of the same color : fringe
white and brown.

United States. — Expands two inches.

BOISD.

3. H. proteus Godt. Encyc. Method. IX; 730. Figured in Boisd. et Lee.

pi. 69. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 39. Cram. pap. pi. 260. Clerck, Icon. Ins.
pi. 42.

Wings brown ; light green at the base of the primaries, and
covering half of the secondaries. Primaries, with four or five
white spots oblong or square, and an arcuated line of white points
intersected by the nerves. Secondaries extending to long tails.
Body greenish above.

Under side purplish brown ; markings similar to the upper ex-
cept the black border of the spots and arc on the primaries, and
two interrupted narrow bands on the secondaries.

United States. — Expands over two inches.

BOISD.

4. H. bathyllus Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 22. Boisd. et Lee.

pi. 74.

Wings deep brown, with a narrow, interrupted transverse band
of white on the primaries, and three small dots intersected by the
nerves, near the summit. Secondaries without spots.

Under side paler, with dark brown narrow bauds on the secon-
daries.

United States. — Expands two inches.

BOISD.

HESPERIA. 10t

5. H. sylvanus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 313.

Upper side fulvous, with yellowish spots, of which one is situated
towards the base; the others forming behind the middle a trans-
verse and flexuous range. These spots are more apparent in the
female ; the male has on the primaries a black, wide, oblique
streak.

Under side greenish fulvous, but more bright in the middle of
the primaries and at the internal angle of the secondaries, with
pale yellowish spots. Secondaries with five spots. Body above
pale fulvous, below whitish. Antennae, annulate with whitish ;
club, terminated with a black hook ; ferruginous below.
California and Europe.

BOISD.

6. H. sylvanoides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 313.

Size and form of H. sylvanus. Upper side of the male like H.
sylvanus, except that near the oblique black spot there is a black-
ish streak which appears to be a prolongation of it, and there are
not at the extremity near the border the three or four points a
little paler than the ground, which are found in H. sylvanus.

Under side of the female has on the disk a black triangular spot,
followed by a small white transparent spot, the summit with three
yellow points. Secondaries a little sinuous, with the border deep,
the base widely blackish. Under side pale yellow, sometimes a
little grayish on the secondaries, and not of a bright yellowish-
green as in H. sylvanus.

California.

BOISD.

7. H. nemorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 314.

Upper side of the male as in H. sylvanoides, the border a little
wider, the mark of the primaries also wider, prolonged by a streak
to the summit.

Under side deep yellow ; that of the secondaries without spots ;
that of the primaries paler in the middle, with the impression of the
mark of the opposite surface.

California.

BOISD.

108 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

8. H. agricola Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 314.

Upper side blackish ; that of the primaries having the mark pro-
longed to the summit by a blackish streak, a transverse row of
yellow points between the border and this mark. That of the
secondaries with the black border rather wide, and the base more
or less brown.

Under side of the primaries yellow, with the mark less deflnite
than above ; that of the secondaries yellow, with a kind of trans-
verse band, nearly median, of a paler tone.

California.

BOISD.

9. H. pratincola Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 315.

Upper side bright yellow, nearly without border, having only in
certain males some blackish triangular streaks on the nerves ; that
of the primaries with the mark as in H. sylvanus, ordinarily sur-
mounted towards the summit with a blackish streak more or less
distinct.

Under side uniform yellow ; that of the primaries having towards
the summit, on the edge, a small spot a little paler than the ground;
that of the secondaries without spots. Female larger, with a ser-
rate blackish border; that of the primaries having an oblique,
blackish ray, surmounted towards the summit by a spot of the
same color. Under side of the primaries nearly as in the male ;
that of the secondaries with a transverse, irregular row of spots
paler than the ground color.

California.

BOISD.

10. H. ruricola Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 315.

Wings a little sinuous, yellow, with a small brown border ; pri-
maries with the mark distinct as in H. sylvanus, marked longitu-
dinally with a small whitish line.

Under side yellow, with all the surface of the secondaries and
the summit of the primaries greenish.

California.

BOISD.

11. H. campestris Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 316.

This species is distinguished from all the other California spe-
cies, by the large truncated spot, which forms the mark of the

HESPERTA. 109

primaries. Figure and size of H. nemorum. Wings yellow, with
a rather wide brown border; fringe pale yellow. Primaries of the
male marked at the summit, with two or three points of the ground
color. Secondaries with the disk more or less marked with black
in the middle.

Under side* rather pale yellow, nearly uniform ; that of the pri-
maries marked at the summit with three small paler spots ; that of
the secondaries with a transverse line of similar small spots.

California.

BOISD.

12. H. sabuleti Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 316.

Wings of nearly the same yellow as in H. sylvanus, with a rather
wide brown border, serrate on the primaries ; the latter Laving the
mark shorter and more truncate than in H. sylvanus, joined to a
grayish spot ; under side paler yellow, with a row of brown streaks
slightly sagittate ; that of the inferiors with a row of similar streaks
towards the base. Female larger. Under side paler ; that of the
primaries, between the border and the disk, with a row of spots
paler than the ground color.

California.

BOISD.

13. H. ? vestris Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 317.

Upper side russety brown ; that of the primaries with four small
white spots somewhat transparent, of which two are punctiform,
near the upper edge ; the two others larger, in the ramifications of
the median nerve; that of the secondaries without spots. Under
side duller, a little more grayish, with the same spots as above.

California.

BOISD.

14. H. comma Lin. Syst. Nat.

Resembles H. sylvanus,. but the under side is more greenish and
spotted with white. These spots are nine in number, three towards
the base, the six others forming a bent row behind the middle.
Fringe white, spotted with black below. Club of the antennae
terminated below by a large ferruginous point.

California and Europe.

BOISD.

110 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[The following descriptions of new species have been kindly
furnished by Mr. Samuel Scudder, of Boston. They were found
among Dr. Harris' MSS., and are to appear in the new edition of
his work on the insects of New England injurious to vegetation.
Not having seen the species, I have placed them all provisionally
under this genus. — J. GK M.]

15. H. hobomok Harris MS.

Dark brown above ; on each of the wings a large tawny yellow
spot, occupying the greater part of the middle, four or five minute
spots of the same color near the tips of the fore wings, on which is
also a short brownish line at the outer extremity of the central
mesh ; under side of the fore wings similar to the upper, but paler;
hind wings brown beneath, with a yellow dot near the shoulder,
and a very broad deep yellow band which does not attain the inner
margin, and has a tooth-like projection extending towards the
hinder edge. The male has not the usual distinguishing oblique
dash on the fore wings, which differ from those of the female only
in the greater size of the tawny portion, which extends to th,e front
*margin.

Massachusetts.

HARRIS MSS.

16. H. leonardus Harris MS.

Dark brown above ; fore wings of the male tawny yellow on the
front margin from the base to beyond the middle ; behind this
tawny portion is a short black line, and behind the latter a row of
contiguous tawny spots extending from the middle to the inner
edge towards the tip, the spots at this extremity small and sepa-
rated from the others ; fore wings in the female without the tawny
front edge and black line ; hind wings in both sexes with a central
curved, tawny yellow band ; wings beneath bright red-brown ; the
first pair blackish from the middle to the inner edge, and spotted
as on the upper side ; hind wings with a yellow dot in the middle,
and a curved row of seven bright yellow spots behind it.

Massachusetts.— Expands inch and a half.

HARRIS MSS.

17. H. sassacus Harris MS.

Dark brown above; all the wings with a tawny yellow spot occu-
pying the greater part of the middle of each, and with two or three

HESPERIA. 1 ] 1

little detached spots of the same color near the extremity of the
first pair; beneath, ochre yellow, with small pale yellow spots near
the tip, corresponding to those on the upper side of the fore wings,
and on the hind wings seven small square pale yellow spots, namely,
one before the middle and the others in pairs behind it.
Massachusetts. — Expands one and a quarter inch.

HARRIS MSS.

18. H. metacomet Harris MS.

Dark brown, slightly glossed with greenish-yellow above ; the
male with a short oblique black line on the middle of the fore
wings, on both sides of which in the female are two yellowish dots
on the middle, and two more near the front margin and tip ; hind
wings, beneath, with a transverse row of four very faint yellowish
dots, which, however, are often wanting.

Massachusetts. — Expands one three-tenths of an inch.

HARRIS MSS.

19. H. ahaton Harris MS.

Dark brown above ; fore wings in the male tawny before the
middle from the base nearly to the tip, the tawny portion ending
externally in three minute wedge-shaped spots ; on the middle an
oblique velvet black line, near the outer extremity of which are
two or three small tawny spots ; under side spotted as above; hind
wings without spot above ; of a greenish or dusky yellow tinge
below, with a transverse curved row of four minute yellowish dots,
•which are often very faint or entirely wanting. In the female there
is a tawny dash along the front margin of the fore wings, and the
oblique black line is wanting, but the other spots are larger and
more distinct.

Massachusetts. — Expands from one to one and one-tenth inch.

BARKIS.

20. H. wamsutta Harris MS.

Dark brown above; fore wings with a broken row of small tawny
spots towards the tip, and in the males a large tawny patch, cover-
ing the whole of the fore part of the wings from the base to the
middle, and an oblique curved black line behind it ; hind wings
with a small tawny dot before the middle, and an indented tawny
band or row of contiguous unequal spots ; under side of the fore

112 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

wings light brown, aud with larger yellow spots than on the other
side ; hind wings light brown, with two large irregular bright yel-
low spots, connected in the middle, and covering nearly the whole
surface.

Massachusetts. — Expands nearly an inch.

GONILOBA WESTWOOD.

HARRIS MSS.

Head occasionally clothed with red hairs ; labial palpi as seen
from above, forming two short square projections in front of the
face. Antennae with a long and slender club, the terminal half of
which is reflexed, forming a slender hook, acute at the tip. Pri-
maries long, triangular, generally marked on the disk with semi-
pellucid spots. Apical margin entire, slightly convex towards the
apex ; discoidal cell long and narrow. Secondaries large, sub-
triangular ; outer angle rounded, outer margin slightly scalloped,
spotted with black. Anal angle produced into a short tail turned
outwards or into an obtuse point. Upper disk of the wings often
unspotted, but the base is yellowish or metallic-colored. Lower
disk often varied with silvery patches.

1. G. tityrus F. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 72. Sm. Abb. I, pi. 19.

Wings brown ; primaries with a transverse semi-transparent band
across the middle, and a few spots towards the tip, of a honey yel-
low color ; secondaries, with a short, round obtuse tail on the anal
angle.

Under side of primaries similar to that above ', that of the secon-
daries has a broad silvery band, edged with black. Margin of all
the wings below a little paler, with the nerves black. Fringe
yellow and brown.

Larva, which feeds on Robinia, "is pale green, transversely
streaked with dark green, with a red neck, a very large head
roughened with minute tubercles, slightly indented or furrowed
above, and of a dull red color, with a large yellow spot on each
side of the mouth."

United States Expands two and a half inches.

HARRIS.

GONILOBA. 113

2. G. yuccae Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 70.

Wings brown, lighter at the base ; primaries, with a yellow spot
near the centre, a broad irregular band and two oblong spots of
the same color near the summit.

The secondaries have four square yellow spots or a macular ray.
Fringe broad, yellow and brown, that of the secondaries brighter.

Under side of primaries bluish oil the outer edge ; the yellow
band interrupted by brown, and a whitish spot near the anal angle.
Upper edge with an ashy streak, one end of which is furcate.

The female is destitute of the spots on the secondaries ; the band
on the primaries is not so broad. Body paler than the wings.

Southern States. — Expands nearly three inches.

BOISD.

3. G. olynthus Boisd. Figured iu Boisd. et Lee. pi. 75.

Wings blackish-brown, paler on the middle of the secondaries.
Primaries with six or seven unequal white spots. Secondaries
with three or four white spots or a macular white ray.

Under side ochry, except the lower part of the primaries ; mark-
ings similar to those of the upper side. Secondaries without spots.
Thorax greenish ; abdomen brown above, whitish below ; pectus
pale green.

United States. — Expands two inches.

BoiSDi

4. G. antoninus Latr. Encyc. Method. IX, 746.

Club of the antennae yellowish, abruptly terminating in a sharp
hook. Upper side of the body and wings blackish. Primaries
with six or seven yellowish transparent spots from the middle to
the summit, of which the one near the middle of the upper edge
and two or three others are in the form of small lengthened points
near the summit ; the others are below, and disposed in an oblique
line.

Under side the disk is deeper black, and the upper edge from
the base to near the middle is yellowish-gray. On the middle of
the secondaries there is a transverse range of two small spots,
sometimes square, sometimes nearly punctiform, yellowish and
vitreous, sometimes obsolete.

Under side of secondaries is grayish or yellowish from the base
8

114 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

to near the middle ; then, of a reddish-brown, with the portion of
the outer edge contiguous to the outer angle, paler or cinereous.

California — Brazil — Surinam.

GODT.

NISONIADES HUBN.

Head and thorax broad, abdomen elongated. Antennae with
the club somewhat fusiform, elongate, curved, with the tip gradu-
ally acuminated ; that of the males larger and more slender than
that of the females. Labial palpi very hirsute. Primaries divari-
cating and horizontally extended when at rest, with the costal
margin often recurved in the males. Apical margin entire, fringe
not spotted. Secondaries broadly triangular, with the outer and
anal angles rounded. Fringe not scalloped, nor spotted. Hind
legs with the middle spurs distinct.

1. N. juvenalis Sm. Abb. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 65. Sin. Abb.

I, pi. 20.

Wings deep brown ; primaries with a number of black spots, a
white spot on the cellule, and an interrupted curved line of white
points, three or four of which are near the costal edge. Seconda-
ries dull brown, with two or three curved rows of paler points.

Under side of the primaries very similar to the upper ; seconda-
ries with several spots near the upper edge.

United States — Expands an inch and a half.

BOISD.

2. N. brizo Boisd, Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 66.

Wings blackish-brown ; primaries with two broad transverse
pale bluish lines, edged with black, serrated; on the outer edge, a
row of yellowish points. Secondaries with two curved rows of
similar points.

Under side of all the wings with two rows of yellowish spots
near the'lower edge.

The female, besides the bands on the primaries, has a zigzag
yellowish transverse near the outer edge.

Southern States. — Expands an inch and a half.

• BOISD.

CYCLOPAEDES. 115

3- N. catullus Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 777. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, •
pi. 24.

Small ; body black, head white. Wings deep black, with a
transverse line of white points near the posterior edge ; primaries,
with other small points of this color, fewer in number on the under
side, and that of the secondaries.

Var. Wings without spots on the upper side ; secondaries with
only one white point before the ray formed by the others ; in some
specimens the spots fail entirely.

Southern States.

ABBOT.

4. N. 1'herminier Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 777. N. pygmsea? Fab.

Antenna black, with the rings and a part of the under side of
the club whitish ; terminal hook brown. Wings blackish, but
paler below, inclining to ashy and without spots.

Carolina. — Expands nine lines.

GODART.

5. N. tristis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X.

Figure and size of N. juvenalis. Wings blackish-brown, with
the fringe of the secondaries white. Primaries with some black
undulations, on the middle a small whitish point, then a bent line
of six similar points, separated into two groups, the one of four
near the upper edge, the other of two, beyond the median nerve.

Under side paler than the opposite. In this species, as in N.
juvenalis, the small points are placed on the most obscure little
bands.

California.

BOISD.

CYCLOPAEDES HUBN.

Head as broad as the thorax ; labial palpi remote, hirsute, por-
rected, as low as the head; terminal joint very minute, conical,
nearly concealed by the hairs of the preceding joint. Antennas
short, club stout, slightly curved, not hooked at the tip, which is
obtuse. Wings erect when at rest. Primaries long, fringe entire.
Disk dark brown, with orange-colored spots, alike in both sexes.
Secondaries short, entire ; spotted on the primaries. Hind legs

116 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

with the tibise destitute of a pair of spurs in the middle. Abdo-
men, especially in the males, long and slender, with the tip slightly
tufted.

1. C. coras Cram. C. aesculapius F. C. otJw ? Sru. Abb. Figured in
Boisd. et Lee. pi. 77. Sin. Abb. pi. I, pi. 31. Cram. pap. 3, pi.
31, fern.

Small, blackish, with the body and base covered with yellowish
hairs. Antenna? russety above, whitish or paler below, with the
rings black. Wings traversed on both sides by a russety yellow
band, formed by a suite of spots. Upper side of secondaries with
a russety spot near the centre ; under side with an arcuate band of
spots. Male ; the base of the primaries is russety yellow, which
is divided in the form of strite ; the blackish line, in the form of a
cicatrice, is bordered outwardly by a deep black line. On the
under side, the spots are paler and mingle with the yellow. Along
the posterior edge a row of small, round, indistinct spots.

Southern States.

GODART.

PAMPHILA FAB.

Head very broad in the males ; thorax robust ; abdomen as long
as the secondaries. Labial palpi porrect, short, densely hairy,
remote. Antennas terminated by a thick, nearly straight club,
generally with a short slender hook. Primaries alone erect in
repose. Apical margin convex in males, fringe entire, not alter-
nated in its colors. Disk in the males in many species marked
with an oblique velvety patch of scales. Secondaries broadly tri-
angular, outer and anal angles rounded, slightly truncated near the
anal angle ; margin entire. Discoidal vein nearly obliterated.

1. P. zabulon Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 76.

Wings brown, but this color almost displaced on the primaries
by ochre yellow ; a yellow mark on the brown external border.
Secondaries with a large circular yellow spot on the disk. Under
side ochry, with irregular brown spots and streaks, the latter pro-
ceeding from the base.

Southern States. — Expands a little over an inch.

GODART.

PAMnilLA. 117

2. P. origenes F. E. S. Ill, p. 329. P. cernes Boisd. Figured iu Boisd.

et Lee. pi. 76.

Wings greenish-brown ; primaries pale orange at the base, ex-
tending along the costal and lower edges ; a spot near the middle.

Under side of primaries similar to the upper ; that of the secon-
daries greenish-yellow. Thorax greenish ; upper side of abdomen
ochry.

United States. — Expands a little over an inch.

BOISD.

3. P. arpa Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 68.

Wings blackish-brown, with half of the primaries lighter ; a dark
baud commencing on the middle of the lower edge, and extending
obliquely towards the summit, and forming an acute angle with an
indistinct streak proceeding from the base.

The disk of the secondaries is lighter than the borders. Under
side of all the wings ochry yellow, with darker lines proceeding
from the base, contiguous on the primaries, forming a dark brown
space, which bears two ochry spots.

Southern States. — Expands nearly two inches.

GODART.

4. P. bulenta Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 67.

Wings deep brown, occupying the whole extent excepting the
half of the costal rim and the outer edge, with honey yellow. Near
the summit, a curved streak of brown extending into the yellow
field.

The secondaries have two long oval yellow spots ; the lower one
the smaller.

Fringes yellow; sides of the thorax and of the abdomen the
same color.

Under side paler ; summit of the primaries pale orange ; lower
edge blackish, interrupted by yellow.

The primaries of the female are traversed by an irregular yellow-
baud, interrupted near the summit, where it forms a large round
spot. The secondaries have but one large roundish yellow spot.

Southern States. — Expands nearly two inches.

GODAKT.

118 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. P. brettus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 75.

Wings dark brown, greenish towards the base ; primaries with
seven or eight yellow irregular spots, forming a curved macular
band.

Under side of primaries pale brown, clearer towards the outer
edge, sprinkled with pale dots.

Under side of secondaries pale green, with irregular darker spots.

Southern States. — Expands one inch.

GODAKT.

6. P. arogos Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 76.

Wings blackish-brown ; more than half of the primaries pale
yellow, with a thin short line of brown near the centre. The
secondaries, with a cuneiform spot on the middle. Fringe yellowish.

Under side of all the wings greenish, and destitute of spots.

The primaries of the female have fine pale yellow streaks on the
costal edge, below which there is a furcate streak. Secondaries
without spots.

Southern States. — Expands an inch.

GODART.

7. P. phyleus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pi. 78.

Wings deep brown ; primaries varied with yellow, forming an
irregular, angular, interrupted band towards the outer margin' of
the primaries ; a long club-shaped yellow mark proceeding from
the base, with a brown streak in the centre of it, and a yellow line
near the costal edge. Secondaries with five cuneiform spots,
forming a curved row, the second of which is long and reaching to
the base, besides a narrow yellow line extending from the base to
near the anal angle.

Under side ochry yellow ; primaries with sagittate brown spots
near the outer edge, and a large irregular spot at the base.

The female is ochry yellow, with all the edges covered with
cuneiform brown spots, as well as the disk of the primaries and
the upper edge of the secondaries, some of which are furcate.

Southern States. — Expands over an inch.

GODART.

8. P. leseur Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 748.

Wings black ; ordinary spots of the primaries and those in the
form of points on the secondaries of a transparent white ; that of
the four anterior spots of the primaries which is nearest the upper

PAMPIIILA. 119

edge, is emarginate at each end ; those of the secondaries are in
the form of points, of which one is isolated, nearly central, and the
four others below, in a transverse row ; the antepenultimate is the
largest ; beyond the extremity of this series, there is a fifth, very
small and indistinct. Wings finely bordered with white.
United States.

GODART.

9. P. thaumas Fab. E. S. Ill, 327. P. origenes Fab. Foemina ?

Small, brownish-black ; anterior half of the primaries, excepting
the internal edge, fulvous. The black line of the middle, common
to the males, is surmounted at its interior extremity with a fulvous
point, and divided abruptly at its posterior edge from the adjacent
portion of the surface by a linear incision, followed by a depression ;
between this depression and the edge and nearly in a transverse
line, are four small fulvous points, of which the inferior is a little
larger and isolated, and the others in a small line. The female
has in this place some white and transparent points, varying from
six to eight, but the three superior are constant.

United States.

GODART.

10. P. drurii Godt. Encyc. Method. IX, 767.

Yery similar to P. thaumas. Primaries blackish, with a trans-
verse row of fulvous spots. The male has only two, of which the
interior is divided into two unequal parts ; the black line and dis-
tinctive of the sex form only an oblong point; it is terminated
behind by the lowest of the preceding spots. Between the nerves
there are two spaces, of which the scales are elevated in the form
of finely striated pencils. Secondaries of a glossy russety brown;
under side more dull, traversed by a ray of small pale yellowish
spots, obsolete in some specimens.

United States.

GODART.

This species approaches very nearly the P. vitettius Sm. Abb. I,
pi. 17. It is also probably the same as bion Fab. Suppl. Ent.
Syst. p. 432. Another species analogous to the preceding as
well as to P. thaumas, Fab. names exclamationis Ent. Syst. torn.
Ill, pars 1, p. 326, No. 232. Wings, as well as body, blackish ;
primaries with a yellowish linear spot, and a point of the same
color on the under side.

GODART.

120 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

11. P. peckii Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 300. Figured iu Kirby, Faun. Anier.

Bor. IV, pi. 4.

Body brown, paler on the under side. Antennae rufous above ;
below the joints a white patch. Knob fusiform, hooked ; wings
above tawny brown, with an articulated angular band common to
both wings, of pale yellow. Primaries striped and streaked with
the same color near the base and in the costal area; underneath,
the wings paler. Primaries have nearly the same marks as above;
on the secondaries, the angular band is surmounted by another
irregular spot, so as to form two contiguous spots, or rather one
large irregular didymous one.

Canada.

KlKBY.

12. P. monitor Fab. E. S. Ill, 324. Figured in Hiibn. Zutr. f. 275,

The smallest of the family. Antennas black, rings white, ter-
minating in a small point. Body black above, white below ; upper
side of all the wings blackish, but glossed for the greatest extent,
with shining yellow; under side of primaries blackish, with the
outer edge and summit yellowish ; under side of secondaries yel-
lowish, with the outer edge blackish.

United States.

GODART.

13. P. vitellius Sm. Abb. Figured in Sin. Abb. I, pi. 17.

Head and thorax of males clothed with greenish, fulvous hairs;
club of antennas fulvous, stem brown ; primaries tawny above, with
slender black veins ; in the centre of the disk a large black oval
spot, the anterior part of which as well as the base within are
velvety, and the remainder silky. Outer margin broadly brown
and uninterrupted, although irregularly notched within ; two small
connected, transverse, fulvous spots near the tip, separating a part
of the dark border from the rest. Secondaries above darker tawny,
with black veins and a broad irregularly notched dusky border all
around the wings, broken near the anal angle by a longitudinal
streak of orange, running to the margin. Wings beneath pale
tawny ; base of primaries black, with brownish tips, preceded by
two small transverse patches of paler buff color, the upper one
farthest from the tip. Secondaries marked along the margins with
some slight dusky spots, indicating the dark border of the upper

SYRICHTHUS. 121

side ; a dusky spot in the middle of the disk ; under side of the
head and breast pale buff.

United States. — Expands an inch and a quarter.

SYRICHTHUS BOISD.

Body robust; abdomen not extending beyond the anal angle of
the secondaries ; terminal joint of the palpi inclined ; posterior
tibire with two pairs of spurs. "Usually dark brown, with nume-
rous translucent angular and square whitish spots, either in rows
or scattered.

1. S. oilus Linnt. Syst. Nat. I, 795. S. tartarus Hiibn. S. syrichtlius

Fab. S. orchus Cram. Figured in Westw. Brit. Butterflies, pi. 38.

Wings rounded; primaries varied with black and white. Secon-
daries beneath cinereous, with waved black streaks. Antennas
black, club cinereous beneath.

WESTWOOD.

2. S. ruralis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 311.

Wings black, with two white spots between the base and the
transverse band of the primaries ; secondaries with two bands of
spots. Under side of the secondaries mingled with white and
brown, the middle and the extremity having a kind of band or
brownish shade, with obsolete spots between these two spaces.

California.

BOISD.

3. S. caespitalis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 312.

Wings black, with two small white spots between the base and
transverse bands of the primaries; secondaries have on the middle
a small macular band. Under side of secondaries with a narrow
median band, continuous, serrate ; no white spots at the base.

California.

BOISD.

4. S. scriptura Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2nae ser. X, 313.

Small ; the white spots small ; two white spots between the base
and the transverse band of the primaries. Under side of seconda-
ries whitish, with the white spots distinct.

California. A

BOISD.

122 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. S. ericetorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 313.

Upper side of the male white, a little sulphury, having no other
markings than a festooned terminal line, forming a row of small
sagittate spots, resting on a black line at the root of the fringe ;
at the summit of the superiors the small spots form two or three
rows. Under side of the wings white ; that of the secondaries
with two brownish bands, the one covering a part of the base, and
the other at the extremity. Upper side of the female blackish,
with two white transverse bands ; the first in the middle, wide,
sinuous, irregular ; the second, much more narrow, formed of small
sagittate spots, except that which is on the upper edge of the
primaries, which is quadrangular, and cut by the nerves.

California.

BOISD.

SEC. II. HETEROCERA.

Antennas, variable; prismatic, pectinate, serrate, moniliform
or filiform. Wings never erect when at rest: the posterior
pair frequently frenate. Ocelli generally present. Flight
sometimes diurnal, sometimes crepuscular, more frequently
nocturnal.

FAM. I. EPIALIDAE.

Proboscis short or none. Palpi obsolete. Antennae moni-
liform, scarcely longer than the width of the head. Thorax
not crested. Abdomen not barbate. Wings deflected, long,
narrow, nearly equal. Primaries opaque, secondaries semi-
hyaline.

EPIALUS FAB.

Antennae shorter than the thorax, moniliform, inserted at the
anterior and lateral part of the head, a little above the eyes. Palpi
indistinct. Proboscis spiral, but slightly apparent. Wings elon-
gated, rather narrow, tectiform. Body more or less pilose — the
last abdominal segment of the female forming an elongated oviduct

cossus. 123

or sort of tail. Legs simple, more or less pilose. Tarsi composed
of five articles, of which the last is terminated by two small hooks.
The larva lives in the ground, and feeds on the roots of plants. It
is white or reddish- white, soft and naked, or slightly downy, with
a brown, horny head ; a spot on the forepart of the body, brown
and hard ; sixteen legs. Cocoons imperfect, sometimes made of
silk, sometimes of morsels of wood or grains fastened together by
gummy silk.

1. E. argenteo-rnaculatus Harris. Figured in Agassiz' Lake Superior,
pi. 7, fig. 6.

Superior wings, ashen gray, with silvery white spots near the
base. Next to these are three or four brown spots, or an inter-
rupted line of brown not extending across, terminating towards
the inner angle in an oblong drab spot which extends to the edge.
' The centre is occupied by an oblique long spot of drab, with an
indistinct touch of brown in the middle. On the upper edge there
are four drab spots, the one nearest the tip being the largest and
rounded below. There is a broad margin of the same color on
the outer edge, gradually enlarging from near the tip and narrow-
ing at its termination. On this margin there are three indistinct
lines of silver white.

The inferiors are pale yellow, pilose at the base ; an oblong
drab spot on the edge near the tip, and below the tip a large spot
of deeper yellow.

On the under side the markings are similar, but much less dis-
tinct.

HARRIS.

FAM. COSSIDAE.

Body thick, rather densely pilose. Head small. Antennae
shorter than half the length of the wings. Palpi small, eyes
naked. Proboscis short, or none. Legs short and robust,
more or less pilose. Wings strongly veined. Flight noc-
turnal. Wings in repose, tectiform.

COSSUS FAB.

Body stout. Palpi very short or not visible. Antennas serrated
or pectinated, longer than the thorax. Abdomen extending more

124 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

or less beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, pilose ; hind tibiae
with four short spurs. Wings rather long, hardly broad. Prima-
ries hardly convex along the costa, rounded at the tips, very
oblique along the exterior border; first and second inferior veins
almost contiguous at the base ; third near the second and about
twice further from the fourth. Female with a serrated oviduct.

1. C. robinice Peck. Mass. Agric. Soc. Report, V, 67.

Male. Dark brown. Primaries paler brown, hoary along the
interior border, with irregular blackish reticulations, and with a
discal blackish stripe composed of five large irregular spots.
Secondaries pale luteous, black to about half the length from the
base and along the costa. Female. Hoary, shaded with pale
brown. Thorax with three slender black stripes. Primaries with

irregular blackish reticulations, and some discal and anterior black
streaks. Secondaries dark brown or blackish, paler towards the
margin, more indistinctly reticulated. Fringe with black dots.

The larva bores the locust tree (Robinia pseud-acacia}.

United States. — Male expands H inch. Female 2 to 2^ inches.

2. C. populi Walker. C. B. M., Part VII, p. 1515.

Female. Cinereous. Antennae black, very minutely serrated, a
little longer than the thorax. Palpi black, extending as far as the
head. Legs with whitish bands. Wings slightly reticulated, with
very numerous minute transverse blackish streaks. Primaries with
two very slender irregular blackish bands ; one at beyond one
third of the length ; the other sub-apical and forked in front.
Length of the body 14 lines. Wings expand 28 lines.

Hudson's Bay.

WALKEK.

3. C. plagiatus Walk. C. B. M., Part VII, p. 1515.

Male. Hoary. Palpi not extending so far as the head ; third
joint very minute. Thorax with a slender black stripe atong the
inner side of each scapula. Tarsi gray, with whitish bands. Pri-
maries reticulated with gray, narrower and much more oblique
than those of C. populi ; a brown patch with hoary dots on the
middle of the interior border, and an irregular, sub-apical oblique
band of the same hue. Secondaries gray, hoary and indistinctly
reticulated with gray along the borders ; fringe of the four wings

ZEUZERA. 125

whitish, with blackish intervals. Length of the body 11 lines, of
the wings 28 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

4. C. querciperda Fitch. Fifth Report, No. 294.

" Smaller than G. Robinice, with thin and slightly transparent
wings, which are crossed by numerous black lines, the outer mar-
gin only of the forward pair being opaque and of a gray color ;
the hind wings colorless, with the inner margin broadly blackish
and the hind edge coal black."

New York.

FITCH.

ZEUZERA LATR.

Body stout. Palpi very short. Antennas slender, shorter than
the thorax. Abdomen extending far beyond the secondaries.
Legs stout, almost bare ; hind tibia? with two very minute apical
spurs. Wings narrow. Primaries slightly acuminated, straight
along the costa, extremely oblique along the exterior border ;
discal areolet intersected by a forked veinlet ; second superior
vein forked at half its length ; second inferior vein more than
twice further from the third than from the first; third a little
further from the third than from the second. Male. Antennas
deeply pectinated, bare from half the length to the tips. Female.
Antennae bare. Oviduct exserted.

1. Z. canadensis Herr. Scharf. Lep. exot. ser. I, 168.

Male. Straw color ; primaries thickly covered with little trans-
verse brown streaks; fore part of the disk white, hind part grayish.
Secondaries white, with straw-colored veins.

Canada.

HERR. SCHAEF.

2. Z. pyrina Fab. E. S. 590.

Head white, front blue, thorax white, with twelve blue points
disposed in the following order : 2, 4, 4, 2. Primaries white, with
black points disposed in bands; outer edge ferruginous; anterior
tibiaa blue below.

North America.

FAB.

126 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM. CONCHILOPODIDAE.
LIMACODES DUNCAN.

Body rather stout, slender in some species. Proboscis not
visible. Palpi porrect, rather stout, covered with scales, extending
a little beyond the head ; third joint conical, acute. Antennas of
the males simple, compressed, rather serrated, pilose at the apex ;
those of the females slender, a little serrated towards the apex,
which is acute, extending a little beyond the head. Legs stout,
pilose ; hind tibiae with four spurs. Wings moderately broad,
deflexed ; primaries elongate, posterior margin rounded. Abdo-
men a little tufted at the extremity in both sexes.

1. L. cippus Cram. L. querceti Herr. Schaef. Figured in Cram. Pap.

Exot. I, 84, pi. 53. Sin. Abb. pi. 13. Nat. Libr., vol. 37, pi. 21,
p. 177. Walker, C. B. M. V, 1144 (1855).

Brownish-red. Primaries with a curved dark brown band be-
yond two-thirds of the length and with some dark brown marks
nearer the base ; each wing with two green spots, which are divided
on the outer side by a white and black border from two red spots ;
upper green spot transverse, smaller than the other, which is longi-
tudinal and attenuated at its tip. Secondaries with testaceous

borders and a dark brown spot on the interior angle.

WALKER.

Larva destitute of feet, properly so called, their place being
supplied merely by a few protuberances ; and along the under
side of the body there is a soft pliable membrane, covered with a
kind of glutinous matter, by means of which and the protuber-
ances, it slides rather than creeps over the surface of a body. The
back appears composed of three parts, the intermediate of which
is separated from the others by a kind of keel, and is oval, a little
pointed at both ends ; the lateral parts projecting a little beyond
the edges of the body. The head is entirely retractile.

NAT. LIB.

2. L. quercicola Herr. Schaeffer. Lep. exot. I, f. 175. Walker, C. B. M.

V, 1144.

Brownish-red. Primaries with a curved dark brown band, be-
yond two-thirds of the length, and with two dark brown discal

LIMACODES. 12T

spots nearer the base ; each wing with two small green spots,
which are contiguous on the outer side to two larger red spots ;
fore green spot transverse, hind one triangular. Secondaries rather
paler than the fore wings.

Georgia.

WALKER.

3. L ? pithecium Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 74. Nat. Libr.

vol. 37, pi. 31, p. 185.

Primaries bluish, with transverse waved bands of yellowish-
brown, and more or less clouded with dusky ; secondaries entirely
brown, with a narrow yellow line within the fringe ; body of the
female rather thick, thorax and abdomen bluish, the former brown
on the side and the latter with brown rings. The body of the
male is wholly light brown, with clouds of a deeper color, and the
abdomen tufted at the apex. The female expands an inch and

three lines, the male somewhat less.

NAT. LIB.

/ h
Larva flat, with long projecting appendages on each side, covered

with hairs and two other projecting pieces of intermediate size

behind the head, and a larger pair over the tail.

4. L ? spinuloides Boisd. Figured iu Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp.

ser. I, f. 187. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1147.

Ferruginous. Primaries with an oblong black discal spot, a
row of black marginal dots, and a short white costal sub-apical
streak. Secondaries pale brown, with very pale borders. Male.
Antennae slightly pectinated. Primaries with two oblique brown
bands, which are connected by the interior border. Female. An-
tennas simple. Primaries dingy whitish along the costa near the
base, with an oblique dingy whitish band which includes the black
discal spot, with a short oblique white streak resting on the inte-
rior border, and with a short sub-apical baud of black dots.

Xorth America.

WALKEK.

5. L ? fasciola Boisd. Figured in Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I,

f. 186. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1148.

Male. Fawn color. Antenna? hardly pectinated. Primaries
reddish, with a slightly oblique white band, which is forked behind
and hooked in front, with a white apical spot, and with a blackish

128

LEP1DOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

band which proceeds from the hook of the white band. Seconda-
ries testaceous.

North America.

WALKER.

6. L? textula Boisd. Figured in Hevr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I,

f. 184. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1148.

Female. Pale fawn color. Wings with abbreviated transverse
whitish bands, whose borders are partly blackish.

North America.

WALKER.

7. L? pallida Walk. C. B. M., V, 1148.

Testaceous. Antennas nearly simple. Abdomen extending as
far as the hind wings. Primaries with two curved gray slender
discal bands.

North America.

WALKER.

8. L ? flavula Boisd. Figured, in Herr. Scliaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I,

f. 183. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1149.

Male. Primaries pale fawn color. Antennas simple. Seconda-
ries whitish.

Nova Scotia.

WALKER.

9. L. laticlavia Clemens. Proc. A. N. S., Phil. 1860, p. 157.

Body and fore wings rather dark ochreous yellow. Fore wings
with an oblique silvery band, inclined towards the base of the
wings, from the costa to the middle of the inner margin, and
toothed toward the base on the sub-median nervure or fold. A
rather faint reddish-brown line extends from the costal origin of
the silvery band to the hind margin beneath the middle. Hind
wings pale ochreous yellow. Abdomen rather reddish ochreous.

Larva. Outline elliptical, somewhat pointed behind ; body flat-
tened, with the sides curving from a central ridge, flattened above.
The ridge has a vertical elevation at its sides, growing less and
less before and behind, and terminates in front in a rounded margin,
and behind in an obtuse short spine. The body is smooth, with
no distinct spined papula?, but the edges of the ridge and the out-
line of the body are thrown into folds, sub-crenated. The body is
thickest in the middle, whence it curves anteriorly and posteriorly.

PIMELA. ADONETA. 129

General color of the body is pale green and dotted with numerous
yellow points. Central ridge is bordered in front with yellow.

The larva feeds on the under side of the leaf of maple in Sep-
tember, and the imago appears in. the spring. — Clemens, Pro.
A. N. S., 1860, p. 15T.

PIMELA CLEMEXS. Layoa? "Walker.
P. lanuginosa 'Clemens. Proc. A. N. S. Pliila. p. 156, 1860.

Female ? The wings of my specimen are badly worn and de-
nuded. Antennae pale brownish-yellow. Face dark brownish;
head and tail dull yellow. The anterior tibiae and all the tarsi
are dark brownish. The undeuuded portion of the fore wings at
the base, is woolly and pale brownish-yellow.

Male? Antennas yellowish-white. Face and the fore legs black-
ish-brown, the hairs white and all the tarsi blackish-brown toward
the ends. Thorax white, very slightly tinted with yellowish. Ab-
domen rather deep, dull yellow. Wings white, slightly tinted with
yellowish ; fore wings woolly toward the base, with a dark brownish
discoloration along the upper part of the disk and the costa ad-
joining it.

CLEMENS.

ADONETA CLEMENS.
A. voluta Clemens. Proc. A. N. S. p. 158, I860.

Reddish-brown, somewhat paler in the 9 than the £ . Fore
wings with a dingy yellow streak along the base of the inner mar-
gin, extended toward the disk above the middle of the wing, and
on this portion are two or three blackish dots. On the hind por-
tion of the disk is a short black streak. In the £ there is another
short black streak along the median nervure and its last branch,
with a curved row of three black submarginal spots. The lower
streak and the spots are as distinct in the 9 as in the % . In both
sexes there is a subapical dingy yellow patch, lightly bordered
behind with whitish. Hind margin spotted with black. Hind
wing pale reddish-brown.

Larva. Body semi-cylindrical, tapering posteriorly, and round-
ed obtusely in front. Nearly smooth, but with a subvascular row
of small fleshy, minutely spined papulae on each side of the vascular
line, three of which, placed anteriorly, are separated and distinct,
9

130 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

and three approximated on the last rings; the intermediate ones
are minute. The outline of the body above the ventral surface is
furnished with a row of minute spined papulae.

Bright green, with a broad dorsal yellow band containing a
reddish purple one, which is constricted opposite the second and
third pairs of anterior papulae and dilated into an elliptical patch
in the middle of the body. This is almost separated from a smaller
elliptical patch which is constricted opposite the third pair of pos-
terior papulae and ends in a small round patch. The anterior and
posterior papulae are crimson and the intermediate ones green.
The superventral row of spined papulae are green.

In September, on the leaf of apricot. Imago in March.

CLEMENS.

EMPRETIA CLEMENS.
E. stimulea Clemens. Proc. A. N. S. p. 158, 1860.

Body and fore wings uniform dark ferruginous, with two small
subapical white spots, and in the £ two more near the base of the
wing beneath the median nervure. Hind wings pale reddish-brown.

Larva. Body semicylinclrical, truncated obliquely before and
behind, with a pair of anterior long, fleshy, subvascular, slenderly
spined horns and a pair smaller beneath them, above the head; a
posterior similar pair and a smaller anal pair beneath them. The
superventral row of papula? are rather large and densely spined.
After the last moulting the longer horns become moderate in
length.

The portion of the body between the anterior and posterior
horns is a fine bright green color, bordered anteriorly and super-
ventrally by white, with a central, dorsal, oval reddish-brown patch
bordered witli white, which color is again edged by a black line.
The horns, papula?, and anterior portion of the body are reddish-
brown, with a small yellow spot between the anterior horns, while
the posterior pair are placed in a yellow patch.

The spines with which the horns are supplied produce an ex-
ceedingly painful sensation when they come in contact with the
back of the hand, or any portion of the body on which the skin is
thin.

On a great variety of plants; fruit trees, the rose, Indian corn

(Zea mays), and a number of other plants.

CLEMENS.

NOCHELIA. 131

E. paenulata Clemens. Proc. A. N. S. Phila. p. 159, 1860.

Body dark reddish-brown. Fore wings dark reddish-brown
along all the borders, with a large central pea-green patch, ex-
tending from the base of the wing to the subterminal portion,
bordered narrowly on the inner side and behind with white, and
deeply indented opposite the middle of the inner margin, where
there is a bright brown patch in the reddish-brown border. Hind
wings yellowish-brown.

I do not know the larval state of this species, and have only
two specimens, both apparently females. T can perceive no differ-
ence in the structural characters of the imago of this and the pre-
vious species, and am quite sure that they belong to the same
generic group. The discovery of the larval form will, however,
determine the question.

Illinois.

CLEMEXS.

NOCHELIA CLEMENS.
N. tardigrada Clemens. Proc. A. N. S. Phil. p. 159, 1860.

Male. Body and fore wings rather dark reddish-brown, with a
small, nearly triangular pea-green patch narrowly bordered with
dark brown at the base of the wing, beneath the median nervure,
slightly excavated behind where it adjoins a bright brown patch.
Towards the hind end of the disk, in its middle, is a minute oval
dark brown streak; two small pea-green subapical spots, the one
nearest the costa minute.

Larva. The body is elliptical, much flattened above. There
is on each side a row of subvascular, minutely spined papula?, of
which the three anterior and two posterior are more conspicuous
than the rest. The superventral row of papula are moderate,
equal, and form the outline of the body.

General color very pale green, "with dorsal patches of the general
hue beautifully margined by crimson lines, and crimson vascular
patches, of which those between the fourth and ffth, seventh and
eighth pairs of subvascular papula? are most conspicuous, although
small. All the papula? are pale green.

On the apricot in September. Imago in April.

The genera Pimela, Limacodes, Adoueta, Empretia, and No-
chelia belong to that most anomalous family Liuuacodida?. Per-

132 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

haps some of the groups described as new have been heretofore
established, but I found the effort to identify them from meagre
and unsatisfactory diagnoses of the imago an almost futile task.

CLEMENS.

FAM. IY. ZYGAENIDAE.

Front squamose. Palpi cylindrical, barbate, or hirsute ;
third article very distinct, sometimes naked. Antennas fusi-
form, sometimes cylindric, and moniliform, often pectinate.
Tongue long, convolute. Tibiae armed at the apex with four
more or less distinct spurs. Wings deflected, longer than
the body; primaries more narrow; secondaries rounded, very
rarely angular. Flight diurnal. Larva rather contracted,
sluggish; head small, pubescent or pilose. Pupa folliculate.

ALYPIA KIRBY.

Body short, rather robust. Head small ; eyes moderate. Pro-
boscis shorter than half the body. Palpi hairy, extending a little
beyond the head; second article a little longer than the first;
antennas thicker in the middle than at the apex, nearly as long as
\\\Q body; thorax thick ; abdomen more slender. Wings rather
wide, not elongate, rounded on the margins. Feet robust, rather
hairy, with strong spines.

•j 1. A. octomaculata Fab. A. octomaculalis Hiibn. A. quadriguttalis

Hiibn. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 44.

Black, with two sulphur-yellow spots on the primaries and two
white ones on the secondaries; shoulder-covers and front sulphur-
yellow ; fore and middle tibiae thickly covered with orange hairs.
Larva cylindrical, elongated, yellow, with transverse rows of black
points, slightly hairy, without a caudal horn. Lives on the grape-
vine, and incloses itself in a cocoon in the earth.

Northern States.

2. A. guttata Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. X, 2me ser. 320.

Upper side black ; secondaries without spots ; primaries with
about eighteen pale yellow, mostly rounded spots, of which two or
three, towards the upper edge, are small and punctiform. Body
black, with the shoulders and shield pale yellow ; end of the

PROCRIS. 133

abdomen fulvous, as well as the head. Underside of the primaries
like the upper.

California. Rare.

BOISD.

3. A. McCullochi Kirb/j. Figured in Kirby, Faun. Amer. Bor. IV, pi. 4,

tig- 5-

Body and wings very black; orbits of eyes externally clothed
with white hairs ; tippets whitish ; primaries with three white
spots, one near the base, oblique, obversely wedge shaped, divided
into two by a longitudinal black line; next, at a little distance from
the anterior margin, is a subtrapezoiclal small white spot, between
which and the posterior margin is an articulated band, abbreviated
at each end, of the same color, consisting of six spots divided by
black lines; the same spots distinguish the under surface of these
wings, and besides, there is a whitish longitudinal one on the costal
area. The secondaries have three white spots on both surfaces,
viz., a large rectangular one near the base divided longitudinally
into four; a longitudinal band divided into five spots; the longi-
tudinal costal streak may almost be regarded as forming a sixth.
The four anterior legs are covered with orange hairs.

Canada.

KlKBY.

FAM. Y. GLATJCOPIDIDAE HARRIS.*

PROCRIS FAB. Aqlaope Latr. \'

J 1 \ SiS ~^ -

M f
Wings narrow, elongated, opaque, immaculate. Antennae slen- ^^fr \,\\ 3fc ^

der, tapering at each end, and bipectinated beneath in the males.
Palpi small, short, pendent, and nearly naked. Tongue short, but
distinct and spirally rolled. Abdomen slender and nearly cylin-
drical in the males, thicker in the females, and tufted at the end.

Spurs of the hind tibia? two in number, and very minute.

HARRIS.

* The succeeding descriptions by Harris will be found in Silliman's
American Journal of Science, vol. xxxvi.

134 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. P. americana Boisd. Figured in Guerin's Iconograpliie and Griffith's

Cuvier.

Blue black, with a saffron colored collar and a fan shaped, some-
what bilobed black caudal tuft. Expands from ten lines to an
inch. Larva hairy, green, with black bands. It is gregarious
and devours the leaves of the grape vine, and undergoes its trans-
formations in an oblong-oval, tough whitish cocoon, which is fas-
tened to a leaf.

2. P? smithsoniana Clemens. Pr. A. N. S. p. 540, 1860.
The entire insect is greenish black ; immaculate.

Texas.

CLEMENS.

3. P. (Acoloithus Clemens') falsarius Clem. Pr. A. N. S. p. 540, 1860.
Black. Prothorax fulvous, especially on the sides, with a point

on the median line black. Hind wings rather thin.

Penna., 111.

CLEMENS.

MALTHACA CLEMENS.

M. perlucidula Clemens. Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1860, p. 541.

Blackish-brown. Wings slightly transparent. Fore wings with

the basal half luteous above the fold. Hind wings luteous along

the costa from the base to the middle.

CLEMENS.

GLAUCOPIS FAB.

Wings narrow in some, broad in others, entire, for the most part
opaque, and with the body more or less glossed with blue, some-
times spotted or partially transparent. Antenna feathered or bi-
pectinated in both sexes; the pectinations elongated in the males
and short in the females. Palpi more or less elongated and re-
curved. Tongue moderate, spirally rolled. Caudal tuft minute
or wanting. Posterior tibiiB with three or four spurs of moderate

size.

HARRIS.

1. G. ipomoeae Harris.

Fore, wings greenish-black, with three yellowish-white dots near
the front margin and two others close together beyond the middle;

GLAUCOPIS. 135

land wings violet-black, with a transparent colorless spot at base;
body tawny orange; antenna and head black, the latter spotted
with orange; a broad stripe on the shoulder-covers, a transverse
spot on the thorax behind, and the incisures of the abdomen black ;
legs violet-black ; coxa3 beneath, and a spot on the thighs, orange
colored.

Southern States. — Expands an inch and three-quarters.

HARRIS.

2. G. (Cosmosoma Hiibn.) omphale IJiilm. (according to Say). SEge-

ria omphale Say. Figured in Say Amer. Ent. VII, pi. 19.

Scarlet? wings transparent, veined and bordered with black;
the first pair with a small black subcostal spot, and the black bor-
der very much widened at tip; head azure blue; antennce black,
with the tips white; two terminal joints of the palpi, and aline
on each shoulder-cover black ; four azure-blue dots in a transverse
row on the fore part of the thorax ; last four segments of the
abdomen black, with four azure blue spots on each side, and a
dorsal black line extending from the middle of the second segment,
including in it seven azure blue spots; belly and outside of the
second pair of tibia? black.

Florida. — Expands an inch and a half or more.

For a specimen of this beautiful insect I am indebted to Mr.
Doubleday. It cannot belong to the genus ^Egeria, to which it
was referred by Mr. Say, in his American Entomology, where it
is figured.

United States.

HARRIS.

3. G. (Lycomorpha Harris) pholus Fab.

Blue-black or deep indigo blue; wings at base and shoulder-
covers orange. Expands fourteen or fifteen lines. Larva pale
green with yellowish spots running into the green; head black,
covered with a few short whitish hairs ; body sparingly clothed
with rather long hairs, which are white at the sides and black on
the back, the hairs arising singly from minute tubercles, those on
the third segment the longest, and with the others before them
directed forwards. It eats the lichens on stone heaps in shady
places, and undergoes its transformation in a thin silky cocoon.

United States.

HARRIS.

136 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4. G. semidiaphana Harris. G. fulvicpllis Hiibn.

Slate color. Wings rather narrow and subacute ; first pair
brownish slate, with the anterior edge clay-colored ; hind wings
semi-transparent in the middle ; head and antennas black ; collar,
front edge of the breast, and base of the palpi orange. Expands
fifteen to sixteen lines.

Middle and Southern States.

HARRIS.

5. G. latreillana Kirby. Faun. Amer. Bor.

Fore wings dusky drab with a silky lustre, and the anterior edge
clay color; hind wings rusty black; fringes of all the wings white,
interrupted with black in the middle; top of the head, orbits be-
hind, base of the palpi, front of the breast, and a spot on the fore
part of each shoulder-cover orange ; thorax, abdomen, and coxas
glaucous or greenish-blue, with a silky lustre; abdomen beneath
and legs light brown.

Northern States.

HARRIS.

6. G. latipennis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. X, 2me ser. 320.

Wings black, each marked on the disk with a very pale yellow
spot, divided into three unequal parts ; primaries near the summit,
with an oblique band formed of four yellow spots of the same yel-
low. Body bluish-black ; pectus marked with fulvous.

California.

BOISD.

7. G. epimenis Drury. Vol. III. 39. Probably genus Brepha.

Brownish-black. Fore wings sprinkled in spots with light blue
scales, which form a narrow band near the hinder margin and
marked with a large yellowish-white patch beyond the middle ;
hind wings with a broad dark orange red band behind the middle.
The white spot of the fore wings is indented toward the middle
of the wing, and on the under side there is a small triangular spot
near the base of the wing and a short transverse one beyond it,
which unites behind with the angular projection of the large white
patch. Expands rather more than one inch.

North America.

HARRIS.

TROCHILIUM. 137

FAM. VI. JEGERIAD.E HARRIS.

With false eyes or ocelli. Secondaries wide, entire; fringe
short, vitreous, with a frenulum; two or three nerves on the
interior margin, besides five others without a costal. Hy-
menopterous like insects, whose primaries usually are vitre-
ous to the margins, and secondaries altogether. Body large;
eyes naked; antennas longer than half the primaries, gradu-
ally enlarging and again diminishing at the tip; seldom fili-
form; usually ciliate in the male, more seldom lamellar or
pectinate. Palpi strongly developed, erect, hairy below ;
terminal joint sharp, naked. For the most part a distinct
spiral tongue; in Trochilium only two short soft pieces. Legs
robust, covered with scales or hairs, with two pairs of long
spurs. Abdomen extending far beyond the anal angle, with
seven segments (the female has but six), with red, yellow, or
white rings, usually with a caudal tuft. Primaries narrow,
at least four times longer than wide; interior angle rounded.
Secondaries shorter but much wider; anal angle rounded. In
a state of repose the wings are usually about half erected.
Larva usually whitish, with head dark. Lives in the bark
or the interior of trees and shrubs, seldom in the roots or
stalks of herbaceous plants.

TROCHILIUM SCOP.

Antenna gradually thickened nearly to the end, which is curved
but not hooked; tip with a pencil of hairs. Two short soft pro-
cesses instead of a tongue.

Hornet like in appearance. Body stout; antenna of the males
with a lamellar process at every joint ; palpi strong, densely pilose ;
legs, especially the posterior, clothed with a sort of fur. Male
only with a caudal tuft. Primaries often, secondaries always trans-
parent.

HARRIS.

1. T. marginatum Harris.

Black. Wings transparent; first pair with a broad border, the
tip and a transverse band beyond the middle pale brown ; hind
wings with a broad black fringe; antennae black; two longitudinal
lines on the thorax; hind margins of the abdominal segments,

138 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

orbits, palpi, and legs, except at base, yellow. Expands rather
more than .one inch and a quarter.

New Hampshire.

HARRIS.

2. T. tibiale Harris.

Brownish. Wings transparent; first pair with a narrow border
and an abbreviated band beyond the middle pale brown ; hind
wings with a narrow brownish fringe; antennas black; orbits, two
lines on the thorax, edges of the abdominal segments and tibia?
yellow ; hindmost tibia? covered with yellow hairs. Expands one
inch and a half. The yellow bands on the abdomen are much nar-
rower and less bright than in marginatum.

New Hampshire. — On Populus candicans.

HARRIS.

3. T. denudatum Harris.

Chestnut brown. Fore wings opaque, with a large triangular
transparent spot adjacent to the outer hind angle, a rusty red spot
at base, and another near the middle; hind wings transparent, with
the margin and fringe brown, and a rust red costal spot; orbits,
edges of the collar, incisions of the abdomen, tibia?, and tarsi dull
yellow; antennce brownish above, rust yellow at tip and beneath.
Expands from one inch and a quarter to more than one inch and

a half.

HARRIS.

T. tricincta Harris.

Blue-black. Fore wings opaque; hind wings transparent, with
the border, fringe, and a short transverse line near the middle
black; palpi at tip, collar, a spot on each shoulder, and three bands
on the abdomen yellow; antenna? short, black; four posterior tibia?
banded with orange ; tarsi yellow, tipped with black ; tail flat, with
two longitudinal yellow lines. Expands from one inch to one inch
and two lines.

This species seems to come near to the European T. asiliformis;
but the male has only three yellow abdominal bands; while in the
asiliformis there are five bands in the male sex. The antenna? are
shorter and thicker than in the following species, and are furnished
beneath with a double row of short pectinations or teeth, which
are thickly fringed with hairs. The sexes were captured together
upon the common tansy.

North America.

HARRIS.

TROCHILIUM. 139

T. cucurbitae Harris.

Fore wings opaque, lustrous olive brown; bind wings transpa-
rent, with the margin and fringe brown ; antenna; greenish-black ;
palpi pale yellow, with a little black tuft near the top; thorax
olive ; abdomen deep orange, with a transverse basal black band,
and a longitudinal row of five or six black spots; tibia? and tarsi
of the hind legs thickly fringed on the inside with black and on
the outside with long orange-colored hairs ; spurs covered with
white hairs. Expands from thirteen to fifteen lines.

Larva similar in form and color to those of other species. Lives
in the pith of squash and pumpkin vines. Forms in the ground a
cocoon composed of grains of earth cemented by a gummy matter.
Pupa almost entirely excluded from the cocoon during the last
transformation.

North America.

HARRIS.

T. caudata Harris.

Brown. Male with the fore wings transparent from the base to
the middle ; hind wings transparent, with a brownish border, fringe,
and subcostal spot; antennae, palpi, collar, and tarsi tawny yellow ;
hind legs yellow; end of the tibia? and first tarsal joint fringed with
tawny yellow and black hairs; tail slender, cylindrical, nearly as
long as the body, tawny yellow, with a little black tuft on each
side at base. The female differs from the male in having the fore
wings entirely opaque; the hind legs black, with a rusty spot in
the middle of the tibia?, and fringed with black; caudal tuft of the
ordinary form and size. Expands from one inch to one inch and
three lines. Larva inhabits the stems of our indigenous currant,

Ribes floridum.

HARRIS.

T. syringae Harris.

Brown. Fore wings with a transparent line at base; hind wings
transparent, with a brown border, fringe, and subcostal spot; an-
tenna?, palpi, collar, first and second pairs of tarsi, and middle of
the intermediate tibia? rust red ; middle of the tibia? and the tarsi
of the hind legs yellow. Expands one inch and two lines. Larva
lives in the trunks of Syringa vulgaris, the common lilac.

HARRIS.

140 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

T. exitiosa Say. Figured in Say, Amer. Ent. VII, pi. 19.

Steel blue. Male with the wings transparent; the margins and
fringes, and a band beyond the middle of the first pair steel blue;
palpi, collar, edges of the shoulder-covers and of the abdominal
segments, two bands on the tibia? including the spurs, anterior
tarsi, and lateral edges of the wedge-shaped tail pale yellow.
Female with the fore wings opaque ; the hind wings transparent,
with a broad opaque front margin, and the fringe purple-black ;
antennas, palpi, legs, and abdomen steel blue, the latter encircled
in the middle by a broad saffron-colored band. Male expands
from nine to thirteen lines; female from fifteen to seventeen lines.
Larva inhabits the trunks and roots of the peach and cherry trees,
beneath the bark. The larva is the well known peach-tree borer,
which annually injures to a great extent or destroys numbers of
these trees. For the means of preventing its ravages, see Say's
Entomology, Vol. II, and my communication in the New England
Farmer, Yol. V, p. 33. The insects above described, though very
dissimilar, are really the sexes of one species. I have raised many
of them from the larvse, and have also repeatedly captured them,
in connection, on the trunks of peach and cherry trees.

HARRIS.

T. fulvipes Harris.

Blue black. Wings transparent; margin and fringes, and a
transverse band beyond the middle of the first pair blue-black ;
antennae black, yellowish at the end; palpi beneath, a spot on the
thorax under the origin of the wings, intermediate and hindmost
tibia?, all the tarsi, and the basal half of the under side of the
abdomen orange colored; hindmost tibia? somewhat thickened by
a covering of tawny hairs. Expands thirteen lines.

HARRIS.

T. tipuliformis Harris.

Blue-black. Wings transparent, with the margin and fringes
blackish ; the first pair with a transverse blue-black band beyond
the middle, and a broad one at tip streaked with copper color ;
antenna? black; palpi beneath, collar, upper edges of the shoulder-
covers, a spot on each side of the breast, three narrow rings on
the abdomen, ends of the tibia?, and the spurs pale golden yellow;
tail fan-shaped, blue-black. The male has an additional transverse
yellow line between the second and third abdominal bands. Ex-

THYRIS. 141

pands from seven and a half to nine lines. Larva lives in the
pith of the currant bush. This destructive insect is not a native,
but has been introduced from Europe with the cultivated currant

bush.

HARRIS.

T. scitula Harris.

Purple-black. Wings transparent, with the margins golden yel-
low; the first pair with a narrow purple-brown band beyond the
middle and a broad one at the tip ornamented with golden yellow
lines; fringes blackish; front and orbits covered with silvery white
hairs; antennae black; palpi, collar, upper edges of the shoulder-
covers, a narrow band at the base of the abdomen, a dorsal spot
behind it, a broad band around the middle, the lateral edges of the
fan-shaped tail, anterior coxa?, sides of the breast, tibiae and tarsi,
except at the joints, with the spurs golden-yellow. Expands about
eight lines. This beautiful little species is easily distinguished by
the prevalence of yellow on the under side of the body and legs.

HARRIS.

T. pyri Harris.

Purple-black. Wings transparent, with the margins, a narrow
band beyond the middle of the first pair, and a broad one at tip,
purple-black, the latter streaked, with brassy yellow ; antennae black-
ish ; palpi beneath, collar, edges of the shoulder-covers, a broad
baud across the middle of the abdomen, a narrow one before it,
an indistinct transverse line at base, the posterior half of the ab-
domen beneath, the sides of the breast, anterior coxae, legs except
the joints of the tibias, and'the lateral edges of the wedge-shaped
tail golden yellow. Expands six lines and a half. Larva lives
under the bark of the pear-tree. For some further particulars
respecting this species, see my communication in the New England

Farmer, Vol. IX, p. 2, 1830,

HARRIS.

THYRIS ILLIGER.

Wings broad, subtriangular, more or less angulated and indented,
opaque, with small semi-transparent spots. Antenna fusiform, but
slender, and only slightly thickened in the middle ; arcuated and
simple in both sexes. Tongue moderate. Body short and thick ;

Abdomen conical and tufted at the end.

HARRIS.

142 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

T. maculata Harris.

Brownish-black, sprinkled with rust yellow dots ; hind margins
of the wings deeply scalloped, with the edges of the indentations
white ; each of the wings with a transparent white spot, which in
the fore wings is nearly oval and slightly narrowed in the middle;
in the hind wings larger, kidney shaped, and almost divided in two;
palpi beneath, a spot before the anterior coxae, the tips of the tar-
sal joints above, and the hind edges of the last three or four ab-
dominal segments white. Expands from six to eight lines.

Massachusetts.

HARRIS.

FAM. VII. PSYCHIADAE.
THYRIDOPTERYX STEPH.

Body of the male densely pilose. Antennae deeply pec-
tinated, not longer than the thorax. Abdomen extending
beyond the wings. Legs pilose. Wings narrow, bare, vitre-
ous, and colorless. Primaries about twice the length of the
secondaries, rounded at the tips. Secondaries slightly trunc-
ated, with a long and stout frenulum. Female apterous.

T. ephemaeraeformis Harris.

Black, pilose; wings vitreous; anterior margin of the primaries

and interior of the secondaries squamous.

HARRIS.

PEROPHORA HARRIS.

Body stout, thickly clothed with short hairs. Proboscis obso-
lete, palpi short ; antenna of the male deeply pectinated to the
tips; abdomen extending beyond the hind wings; legs rather short;
femora and tibia? thickly pilose ; wings rather long, thickly clothed,
opaque. Female winged ; antenna moderately pectinated.

P. melsheimerii Harris.

Pale ash red ; wings irrorate with minute black points ; a com-
mon oblique linear fuscous fascia bent backwards before the apex
of the primaries, marked with a larger median blackish point.

HARRIS.

SPHINGIDAE. 143

FAM. VIII. SPHINGIDAE.1

The perfect insects included in this group are characterized
by the absence of simple eyes on the vertex at the base of the
antennas. The head is well developed, and well clothed with
hairs, that but rarely show a tendency to become tufted; the
antennas are prismatic, and more or less thickened towards
the tip, where they are recurved in the form of a hook, and
surmounted by a ciliated seta; they are doubly ciliated in
the males, on the sides of the plates prolonged beneath from
the stalk, and nearly simple in the females: in some genera
the terminal seta is obsolete, but fhe stalk is distinctly pris-
matic, and the articles are ciliated or bear short pectinations
in the males. The eyes are usually large, hemispherical and
salient, and the palpi have the third article reduced to a mere
point, placed on the summit of the well developed second
article. The tongue is usually well developed, and nearly
equal to the length of the body; in some instances it is more
than twice longer than the body, and in others it is almost
obsolete.

The thorax is always well developed and large, containing
powerful muscles, that are attached to elongated, narrow and
dense wings, the inner border of which is much shorter than
the exterior, in consequence of the obliquity of the hind
margin, and are attached to each other by a bristle and hook.
They are characterized by the following peculiarities of struc-
ture. The basal portions of the marginal and costal nerv-
ures are thick and strong, and contiguous to each other and
the subcostal nervure ; these and the subcosto-marginal nerv-
ules proceed towards the apex of the wing almost like a
bundle of rods, thus forming an external margin capable of
resisting rapid and strong vibrations upon the atmosphere.
In addition to the two marginal nervules, given off from
near the posterior-superior angle of the disk, the subcostal
divides into a subcosto-apical, post-apical and inferior uerv-
ules. At the origin of the subcosto-inferior, the discal-nerv-

1 The following monograph of the Sphingidre is the production of Dr.
Brackenridge Clemens, of Easton, Pa., and was published in the Journal
of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., July, 1859. By his kind permission it is
inserted here. Everything is retained except the admirable paper on
Classification which precedes it, and some minor details, besides a few
Brazilian species. — J. GL M.

144 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ure takes a transverse course, throwing off near its centre,
the disco central, and joins the subrnedian at the origin of
the medio-superior nervule; in addition to this, the median
throws off more posteriorly the medio-central and posterior
nervules. Lastly, near the inner margin is found the sub-
median nervure, which is simple and usually bifid at the base.

In the posterior wings, the costal nervure is simple and
prolonged to the hind margin, and is connected with the
subcostal towards the base, by a short intercostal nervule.
The subcostal nervure subdivides into two branches, the
apical and postapical; the discal nervure arises at the bifur-
cation of the subcostal, and emits the disco-central nervule
about its centre, and anastomoses with the submedian at the
origin of the medio-superior. The median nervure is nearly
straight, but angulated at the origin of the rnedio-central,
and posterior to this point throws off the medio-posterior.
The submedian and internal nervures are both simple.

This pterogostic structure, without undergoing any essen-
tial variation whatever from the type, is found in all the
genera of the group.

The abdomen is usually cylindrico-conical, longer than the
posterior pair of wings, sometimes tufted at the tip, and each
of its segments are furnished on the posterior edges with a
row of acute spinules concealed by a covering of scales.

The legs are usually long and strong, and the under sur-
face of the tarsi roughened with numerous, acute, rigid spin-
ules and furnished with a pair of free, simple claws. The
anterior tarsi have a long single spur on the inner surface,
the middle a terminal pair, and the posterior two pair.

The eggs of the perfect insect are deposited singly on the
food-plants of the larvae, which are usually conspicuous in
size when full grown, and live a solitary life. They have
naked, cylindrical bodies, varying slightly in form, and pre-
senting, usually, differences of ornamentation in the several
genera. They possess eight pairs of feet, three of which are
thoracic, four abdominal, and one terminal; the latter are
large, strong, and almost square, with the plantoe situated at
the anterior angle. On the dorsum of the eleventh segment
is placed a rigid spine, called the caudal horn, and when this
is absent it is replaced by a lenticular tubercle.

The pupae are cylindrico-conical, with the extremity of the
abdominal case terminating in single, stout, acute spine, and
is contained in an imperfect cocoon, or near the surface in a
cell, or in a subterranean cell.

SPHINGIDAE. 145

Synoptical Table of Genera.

A. ANTERIOR WINGS ENTIRE.

I.* Terminal margin obliquely convex.

f Antennae clavato-prisrnatic or prismatic, with a short hook and seta.

J Abdomen long, cylindrico-conical, not tufted at the tip.
1° Tongue twice, or nearly twice, as long as the body.
Macrosila. — Head large ; eyes very large ; wings rather broad, interior angle

dilated.
S. Leucophxata. — Head large, eyes very large ; wings narrow, interior

angle rounded.

2° Tongue nearly as long as the body, or somewhat longer.
Sphinx. — Head rather long and narrow, eyes small ; wings narrow and

long.

Macrosila Forestall. — Head large and broad, eyes large ; fore wings broad.

Wings rather short and broad, hind margin in middle slightly dilated.

Dolba. — Tongue a little longer than the body, eyes small, head broad and

obtuse.

3° Tongue two-thirds as long as the body.
Pachylia (in part). — Head large, prominent, eyes large; body thick and

large.
Darapsa, Group II. — Tongue moderately long.

Interior border of wings straight.

Lapara. — Tongue moderate ; head small and short ; palpi very short ; abdo-
men linear.

4O Tongue about one-third as long as the body.
Ceratomia. — Body thick ; head small, eyes small; thorax short, globose :

abdomen long.

Daremma. — Body rather slender ; tongue short, distinct ; abdomen taper-
ing.

5° Tongue as long as palpi.

Ellema. — Body subfusiform ; head small, narrow, subtufted and sessile :
eyes small.

ft Antennse slender, minutely serrate-setose.

t Abdomen more or less tufted at the tip.
(Enosanda. — Head slightly crested ; tongue moderate ; palpi long and

slender.
Perigonia. — Head rounded, smooth; tongue rather short ; palpi very short

and stout.

Macroglossa. — Head very broad ; tongue one-half as long as body, eyes
small ; palpi broad beneath.
Iff Antennse subclavate or fusiform, with a minute hook.

J Abdomen not tufted at the tip.

Arctonotus. — Tongue obsolete or very short; body very pilose ; abdomen
hardly longer than thorax.
10

146 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Deilephila. — Tongue as long, or nearly as long, as body ; abdomen atten-
uated at tip.

H Abdomen tufted at the tip.
Sesia. — Wings hyaline in the middle.
Macroglossa. — Wings opaque ; tongue as long as the body.

II*. Terminal margin wavy between nervules.
Anceryx. — Tongue as long as the body; head broad and conical, eyes

large ; wings narrow.

M, Antaeus. — Tongue nearly twice as long as the body.
S. Juglandis 9 • — Tongue nearly obsolete.

III.* Terminal margin nearly straight or slightly sinuate.
Anceryx Caicus. — Body rather long and slender, wings narrow,
f Antenna with a long hook tapering to the end, ciliferous in ^ , simple in £ .
JJ Abdomen thick and large; wings deeply concave on inner border.

Tongue two-thirds as long as the body.
Pachylia. — Interior angle of hind wings, covered with white scales ; head

broad, eyes large.
Tongue as long as the body.
Philampelus.

ft Antennse somewhat fusiform, rather short, hook minute.

J Abdomen oblanceolate, body long and slender.
Tongue as long as the body.

Anterior wings narrow, tip very acute, often somewhat hooked.
Chaerocampa. — Head large, conical; eyes moderate; abdomen with a slen-
der pencil of hairs.
IV.* Terminal margin excavated by the tip, convex from the middle.

J Abdomen without apical tuft.

Ambulyx. — Wings narrow and very long ; head prominent, conical, ob-
tuse ; tongue long.

Tongue not quite as long as the body, or as long.
Pergesa. — Antennse filiform, longer than thorax ; body oblanceolate ; wings

slightly denticulated.
Chserocampa (in part).

Tongue nearly obsolete.
S. Juglandis ^ . — Antennse subpectinated.

Tongue about one-half as long as the body.

Darapsa. — Head subtufted, front nearly vertical, eyes small ; antennas
with a long hook.

ft Abdomen with apical tuft.
Fore wings with silvery streaks.

Calliomma, Group II. — Head prominent, conical ; antenna minutely ser-
rate setose.

B. ANTERIOR WINGS NOT ENTIRE.

I.* Terminal margin angulated, denticulated, excised or indented.
1° Fore wings with angular indentations above interior angle.
J Abdomen with apical tuft. •

SESIA. 147

Proserpinus. — Antennae clavate with minute liook; tongue as long as
body ; eyes minute.

tt Abdomen without apical tuft.
Unzela. — Antennas rather slender ; tongue moderately long.

2O Fore wings circularly excavated near the tip and interior angle,

middle rounded.
Thyreus, Group II. — Head small, eyes very small; tongue equal to 3d

abdominal ring.
3° Fore wings truncated at the tips.

f Augulated and denticulated,
t Tongue nearly as long as the body.

Thyreus, Group I. Abdomen with apical tuft ; head broad and obtuse ;
eyes small.

tf Angulated in the middle.

tt Abdomen with apical tuft.

Enyo. — Antennae sub fusiform, short, with angular hook ; tongue equal to

3d abdominal ring.

Perigonia. — Antennae slender, setaceous ; tongue rather short ; head ob-
tuse ; palpi short.

ttt Abdomen without apical tuft, or scarcely tufted.
Calliomma, Group V. — Fore wings with silvery lines (in note).
Smerinthus (in part). — Tongue about as long as palpi.
Dei'damia. — Tongue two-thirds as long as body; body fusiform.

ftf Not angulated in the middle.
Perigonia. — Group II.

4° Fore wings denticulated.

| Without silvery streaks.
Smerinthus. — Tongue about as long as palpi or almost obsolete.

ft With silvery streaks and angulated.
Calliomma. — Group IV.

SESIA FABR.

The body is pilose, stout and more or less oval or elliptical in
outline, in the 9 , but more elongate and slender in the male. The
thorax is advanced and tapers anteriorly to the head, which is
small, but free and prominent, with the front broad ; the eyes are
very small ; the palpi exceed the front and terminate acutely in a
pencil of hairs ; the tongue when unrolled extends to about the 5th
abdominal segment; the antenna? are longer than the thorax, slen-
der at the base, clavate and furnished with a minute seta at the
extremity. The abdomen is tufted at the extremity, and about

148 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

twice as long as the thorax. The wings are transparent in the
middle ; the fore wings with the hind margin entire, obliquely
convex, and the inner margin concave beyond the inner angle ;
hind wings somewhat acuminated at the tip and short. The legs
are slender and the hind tibise with four moderate spurs. Male,
antennse finely ciliferous. Female, nearly simple.

The larva tapers anteriorly, has a dorsal and stigmatical stripe,
and a short recurved horn. It undergoes its transformation in an
imperfect cocoon on the surface of the ground.

1. S. diffinis Boisd. S. fusiformis Abbot & Smith. Figured in Sin. Abb.
I, pi. 43. Boisd. sp. gen. pi. 15.

Head and thorax pale yellowish-green ; palpi blackish terminally
and pale yellow beneath ; breast pale yellow, with blackish hairs
beneath the legs, and all the legs black. The abdomen adjoining
the thorax has the thoracic hue ; the third and fourth segments,
sometimes only the fourth, are black or blackish along the sides of
the four first anterior rings, and the fifth and sixth are pale brown-
ish mixed with yellow. The ventral surface is bluish-Mack, with
pale yellow patches corresponding to the tufts on the margins of
the fifth and sixth segments. The lateral anal tufts are black, the
central pale brown. The disk of the anterior wings is transparent
almost to the base, with a narrow, dark brownish border along the
costa, a patch on the inner margin tapering to the inner angle, and
a narrow terminal border in the J1, but rather broad and dentate
between the nervules in the 9, of the same hue; a ferruginous
patch on the apical interspace, sometimes followed by a smaller
one in the succeeding, in the ? . The posterior wings are bordered
with dark brown on the costa near the base, broadly on the inner
margin, the terminal margin in the £ very narrow, and moderate
in the 9.

There are variations in color ; sometimes the thorax is fawn-
colored above and somewhat ochreous beneath: the abdomen fawn-
colored at the base, the two middle segments dark reddish-brown,
the ends and sides blackish and the two terminal rings fawn-color
above, with two large yellow patches on the ventral surface which
is black.

SESIA. 149

Mature Larva. Pale pea-green, reddish beneath, with a dark
green dorsal line, a pale yellow stiginated stripe.
Canada; Northern and Southern United States.

CLEMENS.

2. S. thysbe Fab. S. pelasgus Cramer. S. cimbiciformis Stepli. I. S.
nificaudis Kirby, Walker. Figured in Cram. pi. 248.'

Head, palpi above and thorax dark green, mixed with brown ;
palpi on the sides blackish, beneath of a light cream color ; the
breast and legs, except the tibiae of the hind pair, which are brown-
ish, have the same yellowish-white hue. The eyes are slightly
encircled with white scales. The two basal segments of the abdo-
men above are yellowish-brown ; the two middle are deep ferru-
ginous or reddish-brown, and the terminal have small ferruginous
patches in the middle, the rest of each being a dull, yellowish-
brown. The ventral surface is bright ferruginous, with three or
four small yellowish tufts between the segments on the line sepa-
rating the dorsal and ventral surfaces ; the lateral anal tufts are
black, the central reddish-brown and ferruginous beneath. The
anterior wings, the basilar space, especially towards the inner mar-
gin, is ferruginous, and olivaceous toward the base of costa; the
disk is divided by a dark brown line; the costa is dark brown and
the broad terminal band has the same hue, with a ferruginous patch
in the apical interspace. The posterior wings have a bright ferru-

1 S. ruficaudis of Kirby. — "Body yellow olive, underneath pale yellow.
Antennje black ; fore wings reddish-brown, hyaline in the disk, with the
hyaline part half divided towards thie base, with a costal bar ; covered with
yellow olive hairs at the base underneath the costa, the posterior margin
and the nervures are dark ferruginous ; there is also a yellow stripe on the
inner side of the base ; hind wings hyaline in the disk, base externally
and costa yellow ; internally the base is ferruginous ; underneath the dark
part of the wings is ferruginous and the base pale yellow ; two first seg-
ments of the abdomen yellow olive, two next black, the rest ferruginous,
with pale yellow lateral spots."

S. ruficaudis of Walker. — Fawn-color. Head whitish about the antenme
and beneath, with a brown band in front. Pectus testaceous. Abdomen
deep red, fawn-color at the base, with testaceous spots along each side ;
hind borders of segments black; apical tuft red, with some black hairs on
each side. Wings limpid, deep red at the base, and with broad deep red
borders. Fore wings deep red at the tips and with a blackish discal streak.
Length of the body 9 — 12 lines ; of the wings 18 — 24 lines.

150 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ginous, broad inner border, a moderately broad duller terminal
band, the nervules in which are blackish.

Mass.; Canada; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.

3. S. fusicaudis Walker, C. B. M. p. 83.

Light fawn-color. Head beneath and pectus whitish testaceous.
Palpi prominent. Abdomen deep red; basal part light fawn-color,
bordered with white ; a row of testaceous spots along each side.
Apical tuft blackish-brown ; middle third part deep red. Wings
limpid, deep red towards the base, and with very broad deep red
borders. Fore wings fawn-color at the base, deep red towards the
tips. Length of the body 13 — 14 lines; of the wings 25 — 27
lines.

Georgia.

CLEMENS.

MACROGLOSSA OCHS.

The body is rather short, stout, and thick. The head is large,
broad, and prominent; the antennae with a minute seta and about
as long as the thorax ; the eyes small and rather flattened ; the
palpi thick and very broad beneath. The thorax is thick, well
advanced in front of the anterior wings, and tapering but little to
the head. The abdomen is flattened beneath, tufted at the tip,
and about twice as long as the thorax. The legs rather slender ;
hind tibiae with four moderate spurs. The wings are opaque; the
length of the anterior is somewhat less than that of the entire
body, rather more than twice longer than broad across the inner
angle, and sometimes thrice ; hind margin entire, very obliquely
convex, and the inner margin concave above the inner angle.

Larva. — The European type of this genus has a small head and
a caudal horn on the llth ring, and tapers anteriorly; the skin is
finely shagreened and is marked by a stigmatal and substigmatal
line. It undergoes its transformation on the surface of the ground
in an imperfect cocoon. The pupa is elongated, with the head-'
case very salient.

§ Antennae subclavate; tongue as long as the body.(?)

MACROGLOSSA. 151

1. M. flavofasciata Walker, C. B. M. p. 87.

Testaceous blackish beneath. Head with a blackish band in
front. Abdomen blackish, with a testaceous tuft on each side at
the tip. Wings blackish-brown, with a broad oblique luteous
band. Fore wings somewhat luteous beneath toward the base.
Length of the body 8 lines, of the wings 20 lines,

Albany River; Hudson's Bay.

CLEMENS.

§§ Antenna? slender, scarcely clavato-prismatic ; tongue about
one-half as long as the body; not pilose.

2. M. tantalus Linn. Sphinx ixion Linn. Sphinx zonata Drury. Sphinx

titan Cram. M. annulosum Swainson, pi. 132, f. 1. M. baltcata?
Kirtland. Figured in Cram. pi. 68. Drury, pi. 26. Swains, pi. 132.

Head, palpi above and thorax brown, but in the recent specimen
tinged with deep olivaceous; palpi beneath whitish, and the breast
and legs ash-colored or brownish-white in the male ; in the female
these parts have a more or less brownish hue. Abdomen brown
or olivaceous brown, with the third segment banded above with
white; beneath brown, the upper segments in the males having an
ashy hue, with four white points on the lateral, hind portions of
the ventral segments; lateral terminal tufts blackish-brown, the
central testaceous. Anterior wings ferruginous-brown with a dou-
ble row of whitish spots extending from the discal spot to the inner
margin ; discal spot blackish surrounded with white ; with three
white subterminal spots approximated in the subcosto-iuferior, me-
dio-superior, and central interspaces, and a terminal dull brownish
band. Posterior wings blackish, costal border pale brownish-white,
fringe above white and short.

South America; Mexico; West Indies; Texas; Ohio.

CLEMENS.

3. M. ceculus Cramer II, 80, pi. 146. M.fasciatum Swaiuson II, pi. 132.

Head, palpi and thorax obscure brown; palpi beneath and breast
white. Thorax with a blackish patch above the base of the wings.
Abdomen brown inclining to blackish posteriorly, with two orange-
colored spots on each side of the second and third segments, a
blackish-brown patch on the fourth and a pale yellow spot on the
fifth, with a lateral tuft beneath it of the same hue. Terminal
tufts dark brown. Abdomen beneath brown. Anterior wings
obscure purplish-brown, varied with dark brown ; a dark brown

152 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

patch at the base, with a line and band of the same hue crossing
the disk; a dark brown demi-line extending from the origin of the
medio-central uervule to the inner margin, and a line crossing the
base of the nervules furcate above, with a subterminal band also
furcate toward costa, of the same hue ; a white spot in medio-
central interspace. Posterior wings blackish-brown, with a cen-
tral pale orange-yellow band.

South America; Mexico.

CLEMENS.

4. M. sagra Poey. Cent, de Lep. de 1'Ile de Cuba, Decade II, with figure.
Walker, C. B. M. p. 89.

Cinereous brown, testaceous beneath. Thorax with two ferru-
ginous stripes on the sides, margined between with hoary. Abdo-
men ferruginous, tessellated with hoary, with two pale yellow spots
on sides of middle segments, and two rows of white spots beneath.
Wings rather broad, with a white line near the base and varied
with ferruginous bands, especially a broad interrupted one near
external border ; a white spot toward the end of medio-central
interspace. Posterior wings blackish, with an oblique, central,
pale yellow band, and the exterior border margined with the same
hue.

South America; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

PROSERPINUS HUBNEK.

The body is rather long, slender and tapering. The head is
free, prominent and moderately large ; the front broad, oval and
obtuse; the antennae subclavate, longer than the thorax, with a
minute terminal setigerous hook; the eyes minute and shaded with
hairs from above; the palpi are pilose, rather thick and equal to
the front; the tongue as long as the body. The thorax is advanced
and tapers in front to the head, and is smooth. The abdomen is
twice longer than the thorax, cylindrico-conical, with an abundant
terminal tuft in both sexes; very sparingly tufted on the sides.
The legs are slender and smooth, the posterior tibia with four
moderate spurs. The anterior wings are as long as the body with-
out the the tuft; three times longer than wide across the inner

PROSERPINUS. 153

angle; tip acuminated, the hind margin entire and obliquely con-
vex from the tip to the medio-posterior interspace, where it is
angularly indented; the inner angle salient and the inner margin
concave above it. Hind wings rather short, obtusely rounded at
the tip and the hind margin entire. Male — Antennae finely cili-
ferous. Female. — Antenna? simple.

Larva tapers anteriorly from the third segment, body cylindrical,
head small and the eleventh segment with a caudal horn. Tt is
ornamented with rows of vascular round spots, and irregularly
elliptical subdorsal and lateral spots. The metamorphosis takes
place on the surface of the ground in an imperfect cocoon.

Duponchel describes the larva of this genus, under the name
Pterogon, as having a lenticular tubercle instead of a caudal horn.
The outline of the wings, as given in the diagnosis, differs also from
the European type, in which the fore wings are slightly hooked,
with two or three distinct dentations. Abbot and Smith represent
the wings of P. gaurce with these peculiarities, but my specimens

do not correspond.

CLEMENS.

1. P. gauree Abbot $• Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. 1 pi. 31.

Antenna brownish-green and whitish at the tips. Palpi be-
neath, white ; the tips of the palpi, head and thorax greenish, with
a greenish white line on the sides of the head and thorax. Abdo-
men greenish or brownish-green, and the apical tuft the same, with
the hind portions of the segments paler. Anterior wings pale
yellowish-green, with deep green shades; the basal portion pale
yellowish-green, with a broad, median dark green band, the ante-
rior edge of which is concave, and its posterior, beginning on the
costa at the origin of the post-apical vein, inclines to about the
middle of the inner margin. The median band is bordered poste-
riorly with pale yellowish-green, and the terminal border is shaded
with bright greenish, deepened toward the costa and tip, with a
pale streak at the tip and a pale line from the costa to subcosto-
inferior vein. The discal spot is dark green on a somewhat lighter
ground. Posterior wings orange, with a narrow terminal blackish

154 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

band; sometimes the orange color is deepened to reddish above
the terminal baud ; fringes paler.

Texas.

Mature larva, head green. Body dark green; with the first
segment banded with white containing four black points; with a
row of vascular black dots, and two rows of semi-elliptical black
dorsal patches edged with white, and a row of lateral somewhat
oval patches, blackish and crimson behind, also edged with white ;
a row of subdorsal dots between this and dorsal patches ; prolegs
crimson, with crimson patches on the sides of the tenth and ele-
venth segments. Horn yellow at the base and black terminally.
(Abbot & Smith.)

Pupation. — The larva enters the pupa state in Georgia about
the latter part of May, and appears as a perfect insect during the
middle of June. (Abbot & Smith.) In Texas there are two broods
of perfect insects, according to the dates of capture, one during
the entire month of April and another in July.

Food-plants. — Gaura biennis.

Georgia; Texas.

CLEMENS.

2. P. clarkiae Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. X, 2me ser. p. 318.

The appearance (port) and size of P. gaurce of Georgia. Supe-
rior wings of an olive-green, with the extremity faintly tinted with a
little greenish-white and a transverse whitish, nearly straight band.
Inferior wings of the same yellow color as the European OBnothera?
with a little black border. The four wings of an olivaceous green
beneath, with a whitish band on the inferior wings. Body oli-
vaceous.

California.

CLEMENS.

UNZELA WALKER.

Body fusiform, rather stout. Proboscis moderately long. Palpi
as usual. Antenna? rather slender. Abdomen much less than
twice the length of the thorax. Legs moderately stout; hind
tibia? with four rather short spurs. Wings moderately broad, not
long. Fore wings straight along the costa, rounded at the tips ;
exterior border slightly oblique, forming a very obtuse and much

THYREUS. 155

rounded angle in the middle, with a slight excavation in front and
two shorter and more distinct indentations behind. Hind wings
rounded at the tips; exterior border slightly denticulated, some-
what excavated toward the interior angle.
i

1. U. ? japyx Cramer, I, 137, pi. 87, f. C. Walker, C. B. M. 162.

Ferruginous brown. Abdomen purplish with testaceous bands
on the hind portions of the segments and a white transverse band
at the base of the abdomen. Thorax dark brown. Anterior
wings dark brown from the base to the middle, with two somewhat
roseate, separated, oblique lines crossing the middle of the disk
and a round spot at the base margined with roseate; terminal por-
tion of the wing greenish with a black spot on costa at about the
origin of the post-apical nervule, another beneath the tip on pos-
terior margin and a larger one at the inner angle, containing a
small blue spot. Posterior wings dark brown, somewhat roseate
on inner margin, with a black terminal line.

THYREUS SWAINSON.

The body is obtuse, broad and stout. The head is moderate,
the front obtuse, nearly vertical, uniformly broad and thickly
haired; the palpi very hairy, rather short and obtuse; the eyes
small : the tongue, when unrolled, reaches to about the fourth or
6fth abdominal segment; the antenna taper at the extremity and
end in a long hook without seta. The abdomen is broad and
rather short, a little more than once and a half longer than the
thorax, semi-oval in outline, tufted with terminal and lateral tufts.
The thorax is thick, hairy, globosely rounded in front with meta-
thoracic sub-tufts. The wings are narrow and rather long. The
anterior in length equal to that of the body, truncate at the tips,
angulated opposite the medio-superior nervule, excavated from
post-apical to superior and doubly excavated from the superior
nervule to the inner angle. Posterior wings, tip rounded, hind
border denticulated and the inner angle somewhat salient and
acute. Male. — Antennce ciliferous. Female. — Almost cylindrical
and simple.

156

LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Larva, the head is moderate and the body is naked, wrinkled
transversely, and tapers gently from the fourth segment, and is fur-
nished with a lenticular tubercle on the eleventh segment instead
of a caudal horn. Its position when disturbed is not sphinx-like ;

it shortens the anterior rings and throws the head from side to side,
making at the same time a crepitating noise. When on the ground,
its motions under irritation are often violent. It prepares for pu-
pation on or near the surface of the ground.

1. T. abbotii Swainson. Figured in Swains, pi. 60.

Head, palpi, and thorax, dull chocolate-brown ; prothorax with a
blackish-brown transverse line, and two others crossing the middle of
thorax ; abdomen dark-brown, lighter in the middle ; terminal tufts
dull yellowish-brown in the male, and female with a large light-yel-
lowish central pencil, and small lateral brownish ones. Anterior
wings dull-chocolate brown, lighter beyond the middle, even yel-
lowish-brown in the female ; an oblique dark-brown line passing
behind and near to the minute dark-brown discal dot; several dark-
brown lines on the inner margin, and curving obliquely to the
lower part of medic-superior nervule, and proceeding thence to the
costa as sharply-angulated lines, and long dark-brown dashes pro-
jecting upward in the interspaces ; apical interspace grayish-
brown, with a dark-brown sagittal dash on the margin, and others
in the three following marginal interspaces : fringes dark-brown.
Posterior wings sulphureous, with a dark-brown terminal band,
breaking into a series of short lines in a slightly roseate space
above anal angle ; fringes brown.

Mature Larva. Male, head dark-brown, banded broadly at sides
with light-green, and with a narrow central, short greenish band.
Body reddish-brown, with numerous patches of light-green, oval on
the dorsum, and irregularly triangular on the sides, with an inter-
rupted, subdorsal chocolate-colored line. The lenticular tubercle
on the eleventh segment is black, encircled at the base by a yellow-
ish line and a blackish cordate patch ; anal shield pale green ter-
minally, and brown above, crossed by irregular brown lines. Fe-
male, body uniform reddish-brown, or blackish-brown, immaculate;
with interrupted dark-brown subdorsal lines, and numerous trans-
verse striaB. Length about three inches. Swainson's figure of this
larva is erroneous.

THYREUS. 157

Pupation. The transformation of the larva takes place in a
superficial cell. The pupa is dark-brown; the head case broad
and rounded; the tongue case not apparent, and level with the
breast. There is, I think, but one annual brood. The larva
reaches its development about the latter part of July, and enters
the pupa state to appear in the following spring as an imago.

Food-plants. The indigenous and cultivated grape-vines, and
Ampelopsis quinquefolia.

New York ; Pennsylvania; Georgia; Massachusetts; Ohio.

CLEMENS.

GK OUP II.

The thorax tapers on the sides markedly to the head, which is
small and prominent. The front is smooth and narrow, the eyes
very small, the palpi acutely haired at the extremity, and exceed-

ing the front, the antennae with a moderate hook without seta; the
tongue extends to about the third abdominal ring. The tip of the
anterior wings is rounded, the hind margin circularly excavated
beneath tip, and above the inner angle, the middle being convex.
Posterior wings, hind margin scarcely denticulated, and slightly
excavated near the inner angle.

2. T. nessus. Figured in Cram. pi. 107. Walker, C. B. M. p. 99.

The head, palpi, and thorax, dull ferruginous brown, palpi be-
neath and breast rufescent ; a yellowish-white streak on the sides
of the head and thorax, and a transverse ferruginous line on the
hind part of metathorax. The abdomen a dark chestnut-brown,
with the hind margins of fourth, or fourth and fifth segments, pale
yellow, with three or four bright ferruginous, lateral spots, begin-
ning on the fourth segment, and two very small pure white tufts
on the segments adjacent to the triple apical tuft, which is deep
chestnut ; beneath rufescent, with three lateral white dots on the
hind portions of the posterior segments. Anterior wings brown,
with a purplish hue, costa grayish-brown ; an indistinct dark-brown
band and line in basilar space; a dark chestnut, broad median
band, divided above the medio-superior nervule to the costa, and
containing a lighter colored discal spot; a grayish-brown subter-
minal line interrupted by the central nervules, and edged anteriorly

158 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

with brownish, with a long, dark-chestnut patch interposed in the
medio-central interspace; a ferruginous patch at the base of apical
interspace, with two dark-brown adjacent patches in the succeed-
ing interspaces. The fringes dark-brown in the middle, pale yel-
low in the excavations, and bordered by dark-brown. Posterior
wings bright-red, with a dark-brown terminal band ; fringes from
the tip to the centre brownish, and thence to anal angle pale
yellow.

Canada; Massachusetts; New York; Pennsylvania; New Hamp-
shire.

CLEMENS.

DEIDAMIA CLEMENS.

Size moderate. The body is quite fusiform, and the inclination
of the sides of the thorax to the head is. quite abrupt. The head
is small, almost impacted on thorax, but not depressed ; it is com-
pressed laterally and subtufted, the front vertical and moderately
broad ; the eyes small, and somewhat sunken ; the labial palpi short
and pilose; the tongue extends to the end of the third abdominal
segment ; the antennae taper at the end, slightly hooked, and without
the terminal seta. The thorax is thick, and well clothed with long
decumbent hair. The abdomen is long, rather slender and oblau-
ceolate, with an exceedingly slight terminal tuft. The legs are
rather slender, and moderately long, the anterior tibiae tufted at the
sides ; the posterior with two very short middle and terminal spurs
concealed in the tibial hairs. The anterior wings are about equal
in length to that of the body, and are a little more than twice
longer than broad across the inner angle; the hind margin angu-
lated in the middle, truncate at the tip, excavated from the post-
apical nervule to the medio-superior, and angularly indented above
the inner angle ; the inner margin concave. The posterior wings
are rounded at the tips, hind margin slightly denticulated. The
submedian nerve is' simple at the base. Male, antennse ciliferous.
Female, antennae simple.

PERIGONIA. 159

1. D.inscripta. Pterogon? inscriptum Harris. Thyreus? inscriptus Walker,
C. B. M. p. 308.

The head is grayish-brown, and whitish above the eyes; palpi
reddish-brown. Thorax grayish-brown, with a double, curved
white line crossing the prothorax, edged behind with brown, and
a brown sagittal dorsal patch, with a short whitish line across the
middle of tegula?. The abdomen is dull brown above, with three
or four subdorsal, deep brown spots ; beneath, a dull ferruginous
brown, with the hind portions of the segments of a lead color.
Anterior wings ash-gray at the base, in the middle, and towards
the tip, banded with brown; a short, obscure, brown costal streak
at the base; two brownish bands before the middle, united on the
inner margin by blackish-brown ; discal spot ash-gray; a reddish-
brown band, arising on the costa at the origin of post-apical ner-
vule, convex in the middle, and retreating thence to the inner mar-
gin; the subcosto-inferior and medic-superior interspaces pale-
brown, as well as the portions of the succeeding interspaces
exterior to the band, and marked by reddish-brown lunules ; a deep
brown apical patch encircled with white ; and a subterminal one
similarly colored in post-apical interspace. Posterior wings dull
reddish-brown, with a dusky terminal border tapering to the inner
angle; fringes white.*

Indiana ; Long Island ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.

PERIGONIA BOISD.

Body broad, slightly fusiform. Head obtuse. Proboscis rather
short. Palpi very short and stout. Antenna? setaceous, slender,
a little longer than the thorax. Abdomen much longer than the
thorax. Legs rather slender ; hind tibia? with four moderately long
spurs. Wings opaque, moderately broad. Fore wings hardly convex
toward the tip of the costa, rather oblique along the exterior border,
which is slightly angular in the middle and behind the tip ; fourth
inferior vein (posterior) remote from the others. Hind wings very
slightly denticulate along the exterior border. Male, antenna?
minutely serrate setose. Female, antenna? simple. ( Walker.}

* Pupa/inn. — Larva transformed in a cell. Tongue-case of pupa, an
elevated short ridge ; at its cephalic end a short central spine, and on
each of the eye-cases, a spinous tubercle. Color, very dark brown.

160 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. P. lusca Fair. Perigonia stulta Boisd.

Ferruginous brown, somewhat cinereous and testaceous beneath.
Fore wings with three grayish, diffuse bands, and transverse black-
ish lines. Posterior wings with variable luteous bands, and streaks
along the interior angle.

Mexico; South America; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

GROUP II.

Fore wings not angular in the middle of the exterior border, and
are excavated behind the sub-apical angle. The exterior border
of hind wings convex, and not denticulated. Head conical.

2. P. subhamata Walker, p. 102.

Brown (male) or ferruginous (female), paler beneath. Wings
with oblique, undulating, pale ferruginous bands, which are most
numerous on the fore wings, and the latter have a discal dot of the
same hue, and a cinereous sub-apical spot. Length of the body
13—15 lines; of the wings 28—32.

Mexico and South America.

CLEMENS.

GROUP III.

Head rounded in front, not conical. Fore wings somewhat
rounded at the tips, slightly convex and not excavated along the
exterior border, which is very oblique.

3. P. glaucescens Walker, p. 103.

Brown, testaceous beneath. Head with a white streak on each
side behind the eye. Antennae tawny, very slender, not longer
than thorax. Thorax slightly tinged with green. Abdomen fer-
ruginous, slightly glaucous ; fifth segment whitish ; sixth and se-
venth segment with a whitish tuft on each side ; apical tuft blackish.
Wings reddish beneath. Fore wings with a glaucous tinge, and
with two oblique bands, the one dark brown and interior, the other
ferruginous and exterior, and bordered with dark brown on its
outer side. Hind wings dark brown, with a luteous spot by the
interior angle, and a white speck near the base of the interior bor-
der. Length of the body 12 lines ; of the wings 28 lines.

CLEMENS.

ENYO. 161

4. P. undata Walker, p. 103.

Brown. Head beneath and pectus somewhat hoary. Thorax
•with a short, broad, posterior, dark brown stripe on each side.
(Abdomen. and hind wings wanting.) Fore wings cinereous, shin-
ing, with a white dot and a black discal streak at the base, with a
white streak traversing the black discal spot, and with two broad,
irregular, ferruginous bands, which are bordered, and the exterior
one interlined with black. Length of the body 9(?) lines, of the
wings 18 lines.

Jamaica.

CLEMENS.

ENYO HUBN.

The body is long, thick and fusiform. The head large, promi-
nent and broad ; front nearly vertical, flattened, and smooth ; eyes
large and salient ; palpi smooth, stout and closely applied to the
front; tongue extends to the end of the third abdominal segment;
antennae rather short, not as long as the thorax, minutely ciliferous,
fusiform and ending in an angular hook with seta. The thorax is
crested in front, long from the base of anterior wings to the head,
and rounded in front. The abdomen is oblanceolate, slightly more
than twice longer than the thorax, and sparingly tufted at the apex.
The legs are slender, the anterior and middle smooth, the posterior
with femora and tibiae pilose, with two short and two moderately
long spurs. The anterior wings are very oblique, length much
less than that of the body, and somewhat more than twice longer
than broad across the inner angle ; the posterior margin truncate
at the tip, obtusely angulated opposite medio-superior nervule,
excavated from post-apical to superior, and thence excavated and
slightly wavy to the inner angle, which is hooked ; inner margin
deeply concave. Posterior wings rounded at tip; hind margin
doubly excavated from the medio-central to inner angle, which is
acute.

Larva. Head rather small; body tapers anteriorly, and is

wrinkled transversely, with a long, straight, caudal horn. Pupa
11

162 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

rather slender ; head case obtuse ; tongue case not apparent. The
larval transformation is subterranean.

1. E. lugubris Drury, I, 61, pi. 28, f. 2. Abbot & Smith, I, pi. 59, pi. 30.

Thyreus lugubris Harris. Sphinx fegens Cramer.

Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen brown, with an obscure pur-
plish or reddish hue ; palpi beneath pale reddish brown. Abdo-
men with an indistinct double row of dorsal, dark brownish spots;
beneath as well as the thorax, pale rufescent brown, with a tawny
line in the middle of ventral surface ; yellow lateral dots on the
hind portions of the segments, and a small lateral, pale yellow
pencil of hairs at the base of the first segment. Anterior wings
brown, with a rufous tinge in the middle and toward the tip; an
oblique, pale brown line before discal spot, beginning near the
origin of subcosto-inferior vein, margined on each side with darker
brown ; discal spot blackish, edged with pale brown ; a broad,
dark brown, subterminal shade, extending from post-apical vein to
the hind margin, and bordered anteriorly by a curved, pale brown
line ; a ferruginous brown spot in apical interspace, with its basal
portion and the middle of the next interspace pale reddish hue and
three indistinct brownish lines crossing the nervules. Posterior
wings brownish, deepening toward terminal margin, with indistinct
lines above the inner angle, and dark brown marginal spots at the
inner angle and on the ends of medio-posterior and central veins.

Mature Larva. Head dark green, with a yellow frontal band.
Body pale green, with vascular dark green dashes, and a dark
green subdorsal line bordered beneath with whitish ; nine short,
lateral, pale yellow bands ; horn dark green ; stigmata reddish.
(Abbot & Smith.')

Food-plants. Ampelopsis hederacea. (Virginian creeper.)

Georgia, West Indies, Mexico, South America.

CLEMENS.

2. E. camertus Cramer.

Mouse color; abdomen with a double row of blackish brown
spots. Fore wings with a testaceous discal spot ; with a blackish
oblique interior line margined with hoary, and a large diffuse
exterior blackish patch, with a sub-apical ferruginous spot and a
blackish submarginal line edged with white. Posterior wings with
dark oblique undulating lines and blackish marginal spots.

Mr. Walker's description does not correspond well to Cramer's

DEILEPHILA. 1 63

figure, pi. 525, which is dark brown, and the anterior wings lute-
ous brown, with a broad dark brown median band tinged obscure
purple. The following individual from Brazil, in the collection of
the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, appears to me
to come nearer to Cramer's figure.

Dark brown ; thorax distinctly crested. Abdomen dark brown
with a double row of spots, on the sides, and a small lateral rufous
terminal tuft and a long central one dark brown, with a cinereous
ring just above them ; beneath, a dull cinereous central line edged
with dark brown. Anterior wings dark brown varied with obscure
purplish ; basal portion dark brown, with a dark median patch
chiefly beneath the median nerve and intersected by paler lines on
the inner margin, and bordered behind and above broadly with a
paler hue ; a dark brown patch extending from the origin of sub-
costo-inferior vein to the tip of post-apical, excavated on each side
beneath, and extended as a line to the margin at the end of medio-
posterior vein, inclosing a lighter patch in the middle on the costa,
and at the tip mixed with rufous ; a testaceous curved marginal
patch. Posterior wings dark brown, paler towards the hind mar-
gin. Posterior legs hairy to the end of the tarsi.

Mexico, West Indies, South America.

CLEMENS.

DEILEPHILA Ocns.

The body is usually stout and thick. The head moderate,
prominent; the front smooth, rather broad and long, semi-ellip-
tical; the eyes moderate; the tips of the palpi level with the
front ; the tongue as long or nearly as long as the body ; the
antennae clavate, terminating suddenly in a minute hook and seta.
The thorax is thick, and tapers abruptly to the head. The abdo-
men is thick and cylindrico-conical, about twice as long as the
thorax, and tapers rather suddenly at the terminal segments,
having at the tip a more or less distinct, short pencil of hairs.
The wings are entire ; the length of the anterior equal to that of
the body, rather more than twice and a half longer than broad,
the hind margin obliquely convex ; the inner somewhat concave
above the interior angle. The posterior wings are rounded at the
tip and the hind border slightly excised near the interior angle.

1C4 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The legs are long and the two exterior spurs of the hind tibias
very short, the two interior long. Male. Antennae ciliferous.
Female. Antennae simple.

Larva. Head small and elongate-globose, caudal horn rather
short, nearly straight and rough. "Without oblique bands, but
with a row of subdorsal spots on each side. The anterior seg-
ments are much attenuated, and are capable of being withdrawn
or shortened or much extended; none of the segments dilated.
When disturbed, they fall from their food-plants, shorten the ante-
rior segments and bend the head toward the terminal extremity.
In repose, the anterior rings are merely shortened. The larval
transformation takes place in a superficial cell excavated from the
surface.

1. D. lineata Fabr. Sphinx daucus Cramer. Figured in Cram. pi. 125.
Sm. Abb. pi. 39.

Palpi white beneath. Head and thorax dark olive with a white
line on each side extending to the end of tegular, where it is edged
above slightly with blackish; two white dorsal lines and one on
superior edge of the tegulse. Abdomen greenish-brown, tinged
with reddish on the sides : a white dorsal line with a double row
of black dorsal spots and lateral alternate white and black spots.
Anterior wings deep olivaceous, with a straight buff-colored baud
from the inner margin of the base to the tip, and its basal and
apical portion whitish; the olivaceous portions of the wing are
bordered and shaded with black ; a white discal line and all the
nervules white except the apical ; a marginal bluish-gray space
and fringes dark buff. Posterior wings black, costa brownish,
with a rose-colored central band, including a white spot near the
inner margin and a marginal reddish line ; fingers white.

Mature Larva. Head dark green, dotted with yellow dots.
Body uniform yellowish-green ; a dorsal patch on first segment
darker and dotted with yellowish-white ; a subdorsal row of ellip-
tical spots, connected by an intermediate faint yellow line ; the
spots consist of two curved short black lines, inclosing superiorly an
orange-yellow dash, and inferiorly the yellow subdorsal line. The
stigmatse are reddish-orange, black margined on a yellow base.

DEILEPIIILA. 165

Shield and terminal prolegs roughened with white dots ; caudal
horn yellowish-orange toward extremity, and rough. Feet yellow.
Length about three inches.

Pupation. The pupa is light brown, the head-case compressed
laterally and prominent ; tongue-case not apparent. In Pennsyl-
vania the first brood of Iarva3 reach maturity about the latter part
of July, and appear as imago about the middle of August. There
is doubtless a second brood, but I have never seen them during
autumn. In Texas, the first brood of perfect insects occurs from
about March 10th to April, and there is another about the middle
of July.

Food-plants. Portulacca oleracea (purslane) and the turnip. I
have, however, fed the larva in confinement on the leaves of the
apple-tree.

Mexico ; West Indies ; Canada ; entire United States ; the
western plains to the Rocky Mountains, and California.

CLEMENS.

2. D. chamaenerii Harris. D. intermedia Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. p. 302.
Figured in Agass. Lake Sup. pi. 7.

Palpi beneath whitish. Head and thorax olive-brown, with a
white line on the sides, margined on the tegula? above with black-
ish. Abdomen brownish-olive, with small dorsal white spots,
with two lateral alternate white and black patches on the sides at
the base, fourth segment immaculate and fifth and sixth white
spotted. Beneath, the thorax is testaceous and the abdomen dark
brownish with white lines on the hind portions of the segments.
Anterior wings deep olivaceous, with a buff-colored band from
the inner margin of the base to the tip, sinuous posteriorly and
irregularly indented before ; a black patch at the base and one at
the origin of disco-central nervule, with an indistinct whitish discal
spot. The terminal margin dull brown and black, margined
before ; fringes brown. Posterior wings black, with a rose-colored
central band, deepening toward the inner margin and including a
white spot ; the hind margin is indistinctly marked with reddish,
and the fringes white.

Mature Larva. Green, somewhat bronzed, dull red beneath ;
with nine round cream-colored spots encircled with black on each
side, and a dull red caudal horn. Harris.

166 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Food-plants. Epilobium angmtifolium (great willow-herb).

Canada — United States.

CLEMENS.

[Dr. Clemens regards this species, on the authority of Walker,
as identical with D. galii of Europe. — J. G. M.]

FERGESA WALKER.

Body moderately stout. Proboscis long. Palpi as usual.
Antennae slender, rather longer than the thorax. Abdomen ob-

lanceolate, more than twice the length of the thorax. Legs long,
slender ; hind tibise with four long spurs. Wings rather long,
moderately broad, very slightly denticulated along the exterior
border. Fore wings hardly convex in front, acuminated ; exterior
border rather oblique, very slightly undulating, its fore part very
slightly concave. Hind wings rounded at the tips.

In the European Porcellus the head is free, short, obtuse, and
broad. The body short and stout. The palpi project beyond the
clypeus ; the eyes are quite small but salient ; the tongue scarcely
as long as the body ; the antenna rather clavato-prismatic, with a
short hook and seta. The thorax is short and obtuse in front.
The length of the anterior wings about equal to that of the body,
and are a little more than twice longer than broad across the inner
angle. The hind margin of the posterior wings is slightly wavy.
The individuals were formerly part of the genus Chcerocampa.

Larva. Smooth, anterior segments retractile, with ocellated
spots on the sides of the fifth and sixth, and without a caudal horn.

1. P. thorates Hiibner, Exot. Schmett. f. 525.

Green, testaceous beneath. Head and thorax with a white line
on each side. Thorax and abdomen somewhat golden-hued on the
sides. Abdomen rufo-fawn color, with green along the dorsum
toward the base, and a row of yellow dorsal dots. Anterior wings
with interrupted whitish bands curving from inner margin to costa,
and tinged with rufescent; with brown lines at base of the nervules,
and a greenish patch over the middle of median nervules, with a
pale brown apical patch above it ; marginal space rufo-brownish.

DARAPSA. 167

Posterior wings blackish at base, with a broad, median, luteous
band, and a brown marginal band.

Var. J3. Male. Fawn-color ; anterior wings gray and brown
mixed, with a silvery discal spot. Posterior luteous, interrupted
with ferruginous along exterior margin.

Var. y. Female. Anterior wings rufescent, bande'd with gray
and brown mixed.

Mexico ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

DARAPSA WALKER.

Size moderate, body rather slender and tapering. The head is
small, narrow, and almost sessile ; the vertex subtufted, front ver-
tical ; the eyes small ; the palpi short and rather slender ; the
tongue about one-half as long as the body ; the antennae a little
longer than the thorax, slender and almost filiform, with a long
hook without seta. The thorax is rather short, almost globosely
rounded in front. The abdomen oblanceolate, thrice as long as
the thorax. The anterior wings are as long, or somewhat longer
than the body, twice and a half longer than broad across the inte-
rior angle; the tips acuminated, the hind margin excavated rather
deeply from beneath the tip to medio-superior vein, and thence
convex to the interior angle ; the inner margin deeply concave
above interior angle. Posterior wings with tips rather pointed
and hind margin somewhat excavated before the interior angle.
Male. Antennae prismatic and ciliferous. Female. Antennaa slen-
der and almost filiform.

Larva. Head very small and elongate-globose. The body
tapers suddenly to the head, from the anterior portion of the third
segment, which, together with the fourth and fifth, are much swollen.
The anterior rings are retractile within the fourth. A caudal horn
on the eleventh segment. It is ornamented with a subdorsal line
and irregularly oval lateral patches. The larval transformation
takes place on the surface of the ground in an imperfect cocoon,
consisting of vegetable debris united by silken threads.

168 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

During the day the larva conceals itself beneath a leaf, stretch-
ing out the body on the midrib.

1. D. chcerilus Cramer, II, 91, pi. 247. Sphinx azalea Abbot & Smith.

Chcerocampa choerilus Harris. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pi. 27.

Head, palpi and thorax ferruginous brown, with a spot at the
base of anterior wings, and tegulte behind tipped with brownish-
gray. The abdomen fawn color, with the hairs of the hind portions
of segments whitish. The anterior wings are fawn color, tinged
with reddish from the base to the middle ; a broad ferruginous
brown shade crossing the nervules, and composed of three lines
having between them two rows of indistinct, fawn-colored spots ;
marginal space grayish at the tip, and obscure purplish toward the
interior angle ; a ferruginous brown line across the middle of the
disk, and another, rather indistinct, near the base. Posterior wings
ferruginous, deepening to a ferruginous brown narrow border, on
the excavated portion of the hind margin; fringes whitish.

Mature Larva. Head green, with a narrow, central, brownish
line. Body green, deepening on the sides and whitish on the dor-
sal region, with six oblique, irregularly oval, lateral whitish bands ;
stigmatte orange; horn bluish-green. A variety is represented by
Abbot & Smith in which the green color is replaced by pale fer-
ruginous and the bands the same ; horn dark brown. (Abbot &
Smith.')

Pupation. Undergoes the larval transformation in an imperfect
cocoon on the surface of the ground. Abbot & Smith represent
that in Georgia the first brood enter the pupa state about the mid-
dle of May and appear as perfect insects during the middle of
June; another became a pupa September 16th and an imago on
April 16th following.

Food-plants. Azalea nudiftora. (Abbot.)

Georgia; Massachusetts; Connecticut; New York.

CLEMENS.

2. D. myron Cramer, III, 91, pi. 247. Sphinx pampinatrix Abbot & Smith,

I. Otus cnotus Htibn. Choerocampa pampinatrix Harris. Figured,
in Cram. pi. 247.

Head, palpi, prothorax and tegulse dull dark green ; a whitish
patch at the base of anterior wings, the tegulae beneath edged with
whitish and a triangular whitish line on dorsum of thorax. Abdo-

DAIIAPSA. 169

men dull greenish. Anterior wings dull pale green from the base
to about the middle, with discal spot and a moderate band across
the middle of disk dark green ; a broad dark green shade across
the nervules, divided in the middle by an indistinct lighter line, and
deeply excavated posteriorly, where there is a dull greenish cine-
reous marginal patch. Posterior wings ferruginous, with a dusky
green patch near the interior angle.

Mature Larva. Head pale green, with an indistinct, lateral
yellowish line. Body pale green, inclining to yellowish and deep-
ening in color beneath the subdorsal lines, which are greenish-
white, and curve on the sides from first segment to base of caudal
horn, with seven irregularly oval, greenish-white patches inclosing
orange-colored stigmata? and bordered beneath with dark green.
There are several small crimson vascular spots on the dorsum.
Sometimes reddish-brown, and the subdorsal lines and lateral
patches tinged with reddish. Horn reddish-brown, with black
tubercles.

Pupation. Transforms on the surface in an imperfect cocoon.
Pupa luteous with the wing-cases brown and dotted with lines of
black dots; eye-cases black; abdomen with the incisions between
the segments black and round black lateral spots. The fall brood
of larvae enter the pupa state from the latter part of August to
the middle of September.

Pennsylvania; Massachusetts; Georgia; New York.

CLEMENS.

3. D. pholus Cramer. Figured in Cram. I, pi. 87.

Rufescent. Fore wings blackish-brown, with a gray triangular
discal patch ; a fawn-colored patch on the median nervules and a
red submarginal line, with two marginal brown bands, one arising
on the costa at about the origin of post-apical vein, and the other
near the margin itself. Posterior wings red, paler towards the base.

West Indies.

Tongue scarcely one-half as long as the body. Anterior wings

excavated behind the tip.

CLEMENS.

4. D. versicolor. Chcerocampa versicolor Harris, p. 303, 3.

Pale green varied with olive and whitish. A white line on each
side of the head, a dorsal white line, tinged with reddish and ex-
tending from the head to the tip of the abdomen ; prothorax and

170 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

edges of tegulae above and beneath margined by white lines. A
rnetathoracic spot on each side, and the middle of the abdominal
segments tinged with dark buff, with the hind margins of the seg-
ments dark green from the base to the middle and thence to the
tip reddish-brown. Anterior wings slightly ferruginous at the
base, with narrow olive-green and dull white bands, the latter
slightly tinged with ferruginous, arising at the inner margin of the
base and curving to the costa from the basal portion of the disk
to beyond the origin of post-apical nervule ; an oblique whitish
apical line with an olive-green patch adjoining and before it, in the
post-apical interspace, and the line edged with olive-green in the
apical interspace. Hind wings rust colored, with an indistinct,
greenish terminal margin. Under surface of anterior wings pale
sulphureous; toward the base pale ferruginous, with an olive streak
along the costa from the base widening toward the tip. Posterior
wings olive-green powdered with white at the base.

Massachusetts.

CLEMENS.

GROUP II.

Proboscis moderately long. Wings long, rather narrow. Fore
wings slightly acuminated, convex in front toward the tips ; exte-
rior border slightly convex, very oblique ; interior border slightly
concave from half its length to the interior angle. Hind wings
hardly acuminated.

5. D. rhodocera Walker, p. 184.

Fawn color, paler beneath. Sides of the head and of the thorax
whitish. Antenna? rose color above. Abdomen paler than the
thorax, with a blackish spot on each side at the base. Fore wings
with a cinereous tinge, with an oblique exterior line, with a brown-
ish discal dot, and with two diffuse ferruginous spots, one in front,
the other behind; cilia? ferruginous. Hind wings blackish, whitish
about the interior angle; cilia? mostly whitish. Length of the
body 17 lines ; of the wings 36 lines.

St. Domingo.

CLEMENS.

CHCEROCAMPA. 171

CHCBROCAMPA DUF.

The body in this group is slender, long and tapering. The
thorax is smooth, rather short, advanced in front of the base of
the anterior wings and tapers on the sides to the head. The head
is rather large, prominent and moderately broad; the front smooth,
conical and broad ; the eyes moderate and salient ; the palpi
ascending to a level with the front; the tongue extends to the
end of the abdomen ; the antennas are short, but longer than the
thorax, clavato-prismatic, terminating suddenly in a short hook
and seta. The abdomen is quite long, more than twice longer
than thorax, oblanceolate, tapering very much to the tip, which is
acute. The wings are narrow, the anterior three times longer than
broad across the inner angle, and the length much less than that
of the body; the tip very acute, the hind border very oblique and
nearly straight or slightly excavated beneath the tip. Hind wings,
the tip somewhat acuminated, hind border very oblique, and
interior angle well marked. The legs are long and slender, the
anterior tibias hairy, and hind tibias with four moderate spurs.

Larva. The head is small and the anterior segments very much
attenuated from the third, and retractile; third and fourth swollen,
with a large subdorsal ocellus on the latter, followed by a row
of ocelli, similar ; eleventh segment with a caudal horn (Allot fy
Smith). The larval transformation takes place in an imperfect
cocoon spun on the surface of the ground.

1. C. tersa Drury. Theretra tersa Hiibner. Charocampa tersa. Metop-
silus tersa Duncan. Figured in Drury, I, pi. 28, Nat. Libr. vol.
xxxvi. pi. 5.

Palpi pale ferruginous beneath ; head and thorax brownish
olive, with a lateral whitish line inclining to roseate on the sides ;
tegulfe slightly edged above with ferruginous. Abdomen with a
broad, dorsal, dusky band, containing five indistinct darker lines
and lateral band on each side, rusty yellow. Anterior wings
greenish brown, slightly glaucous toward the base, with a minute
discal spot, dark brown, and with numerous oblique, alternate,

172 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dark brown and yellowish lines, extending from near the base and
middle of inner margin to the tip, with a straight, brownish, sub-
marginal line. Posterior wings black, with a row of subterminal
yellow spots.

Mature Larva. Light green, with a large, subdorsal, crimson
ocellus on the fourth segment, containing a blue ring and edged
with black and white rings, with six others smaller and similar,
placed on a white subdorsal line, which begins on the second seg-
ment and extends to the crimson caudal horn. The dorsurn is
dashed with brown points ; stigmata yellow dotted with black
points above and below. (Abbot & Smith.')

S. America ; Mexico ; W. Indies ; Southern States ; Illinois ;

Ohio ; Texas.

CLEMENS.

2. C. chiron Drury, I, 50, pi. 26. Sphinx nechus Cramer. Theretra nechus

Hiibner.

Green, sometimes ferruginous fawn-color ; a line on the sides of
head and thorax and body beneath whitish testaceous. Fore wings
dark green ; with a pale yellow streak at the base of the inner
margin, and an irregular, oblique brown, or testaceous band tra-
versing the lower part of the nervules, enlarging toward the inner
margin and extended above on it as a line. Posterior wings black,
with a band of pale yellow spots. Abdomen green, slightly gilded
on the sides, with a double row of black dorsal dots. Legs very
long.

S. America ; Mexico ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

§§ Fore wings very acute and somewhat JiooJced.

3. C. falco Walker, p. 132.

Fawn-colored, whitish testaceous beneath. Head and thorax
with a whitish stripe along each side. Disk of the thorax cinere-
ous brown. Abdomen brown, with a fawn-colored stripe along
each side, and a double dorsal whitish line. Fore wings with
blackish speckles, with a blackish discal dot and with several black-
ish, slightly oblique, posterior lines, slightly hooked and more
acute at the tips than in the other species of this genus. Hind
wings with two blackish stripes; exterior border slightly emargin-
ate. Length of the body 15 — 19 lines ; of the wings 30 — 40 lines.

Mexico.

CLEMENS.

CECEROCAMPA.

173

§ Hind border of anterior wings nearly straight.

4. C. procne Clemens.

Head and thorax dull brown (if not faded), with a broad whitish
stripe on the sides, extended to the lower edge of tegulce. Abdo-
men brownish testaceous, with faint dark brown dorsal marks in
atoms. Anterior wings rather pale brownish, punctated with dark
atoms and with obscure dark brown lines extending from the base
to the tip ; discal spot dark brown and small. Posterior wings
uniform blackish-brown. Under surface of the wings brownish,
somewhat tinged with rufous, and with two rows of brown spots
in the middle of the posterior.

California.

CLEMENS.

§§ Fore wings very acute and somewhat hooked.

5. C. drancus Cramer, II, 56, pi. 132. Xylophones drancus Hiibner.

Blackish-brown; sides of head and thorax with a white line, and
a white dorsal line extending from the head to tip of the abdomen ;
tegulas edged above with reddish-brown, beneath with white. The
base of abdomen with two reddish-brown bands. Anterior wings
blackish-brown, discal spot black; several lines extending from the
inner margin to the tip, three of which in the middle of the wing
arise from a blackish patch on the inner margin placed on a fawn-
colored ground and a single black, subterminal line placed between
two dark brown lines. Posterior wings uniform dark brown.
( Cramer's figure.}

West Indies.

CLEMENS.

§§ Anterior wings acute and somewhat hooked.

The following species resembles in some respects Mr. Walker's
crotonis, but I think it is not the same.

6. C. nitidula Clemens.

Head and thorax with a rufo-whitish line on each side. Head
and anterior portion of tegula? dark brown, tinged with greenish,
with the disk brown. Abdomen brown, paler on the sides, with a
double row of dorsal dark brown dots and a black patch on the
sides at the base. Anterior wings dull greenish-brown, with a

174 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

large black spot on the inner margin near the base; discal spot
small and black ; a single broivnisk line from the inner margin to
the tip; with two rows of indistinct brownish dots on the nervules
before it, and a more decided row behind, near the posterior mar-
gin. . Posterior wings black, with a row of central, pale testaceous,
triangular spots, and a narrow terminal border of the same hue.

Under surface of the wings, disk of the anterior blackish, and
thence rufescent brown; posterior wings rufescent brown, with two
lines of dark brown, dots.

Mexico.

CLEMENS.

§ Hind border of anterior wings nearly straight.
7. C. versuta Clemens.

Head and thorax brown. Abdomen brown, with black rings
between the basal segments and a black spot on each side of the
basal segment. Anterior wings brown with a faint wavy line and
narrow band across the middle of the disk, somewhat deeper brown;
discal spot small and dark brown ; an oblique brownish band ex-
tending from the origin of subcosto-inferior vein toward the inner
angle, followed by two short lines of the same hue; a blackish-
brown, irregular, wavy line, extending from the costa near the ori-
gin of the post-apical vein to inner margin above the angle, and
another of the same hue joining it by an angle on the disco-central
vein, and extended very irregularly from near the tip to the inner
angle, and -shaded toward the hind margin of the wing with dark
brownish. Posterior wings dark brown, dull greenish at the base,
with an irregular, central, luteous band, tinged with orange.

Mexico.

CLEMENS.

AMBULYX BOISD.

Body rather slender or hardly stout. Head prominent, conical,
obtuse. Proboscis long. Antennas minutely serrated. Abdomen
long, oblanceolate. Legs slender; hind tibiae with four very long
spurs. Wings narrow and very long, especially in the typical spe-
cies, A. strigilis. Fore wings slightly curved in front toward the
tips, which are acuminated ; exterior border excavated by the tip,
nearly straight, and extremely oblique from thence to the interior

PHILAMPELUS. 1?5

angle, where the interior border forms an inward curve ; second
inferior vein (superior} nearly twice further from the third (poste-
rior) than from the first (disco-central) • third more than twice
further from the fourth than from the second. Hind wings some-
what emarginate along the exterior border. Walker.

1. A. strigilis Linn. Mant. I, 558.

Pale fawn color; luteous beneath. Head with a furcate ferrugi-
nous brown spot between the antennas and thorax, with two large
lateral patches of the same hue. Antenna? white. Abdomen with
a brown dorsal line and oblique brown lateral streaks, edged with
testaceous. Anterior wings fawn color, with separated, oblique
ferruginous streaks on the costa, four abbreviated, wavy blackish-
brown lines crossing the middle of the nervules, a few spots on the
inner margin, and a marginal black line (bordered above in Cra-
mer's figure with blue). Posterior wings luteous or pale orange,
with three angulated brownish lines and brownish terminal margin.

South America; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

2. A. ganascus Stall, Cramer, V, 157, pi. 35, f. 3.

Fawn color; head with a band between the antennas, the tegulce
and a band at the base of the abdomen dark greenish-brown. The
antenna? white. Abdomen fawn-color, with brown or ferruginous
dorsal spots. Anterior wings brown, with a glaucous hue; a rect-
angular spot on the base of the inner margin dark greenish-brown,
edged with testaceous ; a small round one at the base, two in the
disk, another near the tip on costa, one in medio-posterior inter-
space and a small one above the interior angle of the same hue
and edged with greenish. Posterior roseate, with three angulated
blackish-brown bands sometimes dilated and somewhat connected.

South America; Mexico; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

PHILAMPELUS HARRIS.

The body is large and thick. The head rather large, free and
prominent, with the front long, smooth, conical and rather broad ;
the eyes large or moderate; the palpi ascending and pressed
closely to the front; the tongue as long as the body; the antennae

176 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

long, exceeding the thorax, slender and tapering at the extremity
into an ample hook with seta. The thorax is thick, moderately
advanced in front of the base of anterior wings and rounded. The
abdomen large, thick, cylindrico-conical and acute at the tip, more
than twice the length of the thorax. The wings are moderately
long; the length of the anterior somewhat more than that of the
body, and about twice and a half longer than broad across the
inner angle; the hind border entire, slightly excavated from the
tip to medio-superior vein, and thence convex to interior angle, or
very oblique and almost straight, with the inner margin deeply
concave. The posterior are somewhat acuminated at the tips and
the hind margin slightly excavated before the inner angle. The
legs are long but strong, and the hind tibiae with two short and
two long spurs. Male. — Antennas ciliferous. Female. — Antennse
simple.

Larva. The head is small and globose, and the segments of the
body anterior to the fourth much attenuated to the head ; these
and the head are capable of being retracted within the fourth,
which is much swollen. Instead of a caudal horn on the eleventh
segment there is a shining lenticular tubercle, and the body at this
part is rounded, and descends very abruptly to the anal shield.
It is ornamented with irregularly oval, stigmatal patches and a
faint subdorsal line.

In repose, or when disturbed, the anterior rings are retracted
within the fourth, causing it to appear truncated and bulbous
anteriorly, and at the same time the body is thrown into a sphinx-
like posture. The larval transformation is subterranean.

The pupa is cylindrico-conical; head-case distinct and promi-
nent; tongue-case not apparent.

§ Eyes moderate. Fore wings undulating.

1. P. satellitia Linn. Ins. II, 148, 36. Sphinx lycaon Cramer. A. Pho-
lus lycaon Hubner. Daphnis pandorus Hubner. Figured in Drury,
I, pi. 20.

Head, tips of the palpi and middle of thorax pale green, basal

PIIILAMPELUS. 177

articles of palpi brownish; tegulte dark olive, forming a triangular
patch; a dorsal line on prothorax and two metathoracic patches
dark olive. Abdomen pale brownish tinged with green, with a
dark olive patch on dorsum at the base and a lateral blackish patch
on each side. Anterior wings pale green, with deep olive shades;
a sub-median nearly square patch on inner margin, with a shade
extending to the base, a patch above the interior angle, with a
spot in the medic-posterior interspace separated from it by the
uervule, and almost bordered by a faint line which is angulated on
the medio-central, a sub-apical patch and a broad disco-median
shade, all deep olive; a double blackish discal spot. The medio-
central and posterior nervules and the space between the patches
on the inner margin, tinged with roseate; a few olive-colored
dashes across the disk and two lines of the same hue, sometimes
faint, crossing the nervules from the hind portion of sub-median
patch. Posterior wings pale green, with a large, round black
patch toward the middle of inner margin, and abroad sub-terminal
black derm-band terminating in blackish lines and a row of spots
toward inner margin, on a roseate ground.

Mature Larva. Head green. Body pale green on dorsurn,
deepening on the sides, with minute dark green rings, which be-
come on the dorsum dark green dots. Six short, irregularly oval
patches on the sides, margined with a black line, inclosing the
stigmata?, which are bordered with pale crimson. The lenticular
tubercle black and contained in a yellow patch bordered with
black.

Food-plants. Indigenous and exotic grape-vines and Ampe-
lopsis.

South America; Mexico; West Indies; United States.

CLEMENS.

2. P. achemon Drury. Sphinx crantor Cramer. Pholus crantor Hiibner.
Figured iu Druiy, II, pi. 20.

The head, tips of the palpi and disk of the thorax fawn-color
with a grayish hue; basal articles of the palpi dark reddish-brown ;
tegulie deep ferruginous brown, forming a triangular patch mar-
gined with whitish. The abdomen pale reddish-brown with a cu-
preous lustre, and the hind portions of the segments tipped with
white. Anterior wings dusky fawn-color, sometimes pale-fawn
color, with a ferruginous brown dot at the base, a square sub-nie-
12

178 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dian patch on the inner margin, a patch above the inner angle
divided toward its apex by the medio-posterior nervule and a large
sub-apical patch, ferruginous brown ; from the sub-median patch
two faint brown lines are thrown off posteriorly to the costa, the
most exterior being angulated on the medio-central vein, and from
its anterior portion are two other diverging brownish lines, with a
faint line above them near the base of the wing; the disco-median
shade is rather faint and brownish. The posterior wings are pink,
deepening in intensity toward the middle of inner margin, and
above the interior angle is a reddish-brown streak ; a subterminal
row of ferruginous brown spots from the middle to the interior angle,
and a broad dusky terminal band. The under surface of the wings
is roseate.

Young Larva. Green, with yellow lateral stripes edged with
black, and a long, recurved, slender reddish horn.

Mature Larva. Head reddish-brown. Body pale reddish-'
brown on the dorsum, with a darker vascular line, and pale-reddish
subdorsal line on each side, and the general color deepened late-
rally. Six lateral, short, irregularly-oval white patches bordered
with black, containing the stigmata?. The anterior rings are dot-
ted with blackish. The lenticular tubercle is black, and contained
in a brown patch edged with adjacent black and white lines.

Food-plants. The grape.

New York ; Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.

3. P- typhon Klug, Neue Schmett. pi. 3, f. 1.

Cinereous, reddish beneath. Palpi red. Thorax with two dark-
brown abbreviated stripes. Abdomen with dark-brown bands, red
on the sides. Anterior wings glaucescent and testaceous mixed,
with several blackish-brown sub-trigonate patches. Posterior
wings red, with a denticulated black band varied with glaucescent,
with the exterior margin brown, and the, cilia white.

Closely allied to P. achemon.

Mexico.

CLEMENS.

4. P. labruscae. — Madam Merian, Ins. Sur. pi. 34.

Green, testaceous beneath. The abdomen sometimes, and rarely
the whole body and anterior wings, testaceous. Abdomen with a

PHILAMPELUS. 170

black spot at base on each side, beneath and at sides spotted with
white. Anterior wings green, with two darker bands margined
with white, one of which crosses the disk, and meets an oblique one
on the inner margin. Posterior wings blue, with a black angu-
lated baud edged interiorly with red, and a sub-terminal black
band breaking into black lines toward interior angle on a reddish
ground ; terminal margin testaceous.

S.America; Mexico; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

§§ Eyes large. Fore wings nearly straight.

5. P. vitis Linn. Ulerian, Ins. Surin. Philampelus hornbeckiana Harris,
p. 299, note. (?) Figured in Drury, I, pi. 28. Cram. pi. 267. Sm.
Abb. I, pi. 46.

Head and thorax grayish tinged with greenish. Thorax with a
dorsal dark olive line, tegulns dark olive, edged with white. Abdo-
men dark olive, paler on the sides, with a pale dorsal line ; a blackish
patch on the sides at base, and a dark olive dorsal patch at the
base. Anterior wings deep olive, with a double whitish transverse
line toward the base, a pale buff-colored band (in faded specimens
white or whitish), extending from the base to the tip, crossed by
another of the same hue from the lower third of inner margin to
costa, beyond the origin of post-apical vein, and containing poste-
riorly a dark olive line ; the nervules of the median nerve pale
flesh color, or whitish, when faded ; discal spot double and black.
Posterior wings pale-green, pale-yellowish along the costa, with a
central black line terminating in a black patch, near the middle of
inner margin, and a sub-terminal black band tapering to interior
angle ; the inner margin rose-red, inclosing above the interior
angle a whitish spot ; terminal margin cinereous.

Mature Larva. Head reddish, with two black lines in front.
Bo^ly flesh color mixed with yellow, and with short, transverse black
lines. The lateral semi-oval bands are yellowish-white, edged with
black. Body beneath the stigmata? is greenish, with black lines
and stigmatal blackish dots on the three anterior segments ; lenti-
cular tubercle blackish with dorsal black lines. Abbot and Smith.
Pupation. According to Abbot and Smith, it enters the pupa
state August 14th, and appears as an imago September 7th. An-
other became a pupa September 29th, and appeared July 18th fol-
lowing.

180 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

Food-plants. Jussieua erecta (decurrens) ?

S. America ; Mexico ; West Indies ; Southern U. States.

CLEMENS.

The following species approaches P. vitis so nearly in its orna-
mentation, that I am much disposed to place it as a variety. But
for the present, perhaps, it is better to represent it as distinct.

6. P. jussieuae Hiibner. Sphinx fasciatus Sulz.

Pale buff, tinged with reddish. Head and thorax with a dorsal
olivaceous green line. Thorax with two broad olivaceous green
stripes. Abdomen with two black spots at the base on the sides,
and two dorsal olivaceous green stripes. Anterior wings oliva-
ceous green, costa reddish-brown, with a discal mark, a transverse
streak near the base, with two connected bands along the middle,
and the veins pale buff; exterior margin reddish-brown. Poste-
rior wings pale-green, rosy along the inner margin and exterior
half of terminal border, with two black spots near the middle of
inner margin, and a sub-terminal black band ending in short lines,
and a dusky patch at inner angle.

S. America ; West Indies ; Mexico.

CLEMENS.

PACHYLIA WALKEK.

The body is large and thick. The head is large, free and promi-
nent ; the front smooth, long, broad and elliptical : the palpi ascend
to its level; the eyes are large or very large, salient and hemi-
spherical ; the tongue strong and thick, but when unrolled extends
only to about the third abdominal segment; the antenna? are about
as long as the thorax, with a long hook, compressed laterally.

•

The thorax is smooth, immaculate, thick and cylindrical, well ad-
vanced in front of the base of anterior wings, and tapering on the
sides to the head. The abdomen is large, nearly cylindrical or
oblanceolate, generally rather more than twice the length of the
thorax. The wings are about equal in length to that of the body,
or somewhat longer, and about twice and a half longer than broad
across the inner angle ; the hind margin of the anterior entire,

PACHYLIA. 181

almost obliquely convex, but slightly excavated near the tip and
above inner angle, or more decidedly excavated and rounded in
the middle, with the tip acuminated ; the inner margin deeply con-
cave above inner angle. The posterior wings are suddenly curved
above the tip, and the hind.margin slightly denticulated, or almost
straight. The legs are strong and moderately long, the posterior
tibiae having two very short external and two long internal spurs.
Male, antennas prismatic and well ciliated. Female, antennae
simple.

The specimens of the perfect insects of this genus in my
possession most undoubtedly show strong affinities to that of Plii-
lampelus. I am at a loss to conceive wherein Mr. Walker can
perceive any affinity to Macroglossa, unless it be in resumens and
inconspicua. These species I have never seen, and the generic
diagnosis given above Cannot, therefore, include any structural
peculiarities which may characterize them.

1. P. ficus Merian, pi. 33.

Pale luteous brown, varied with dark brown. Head, thorax
and palpi dark brown. Abdomen pale brown on the sides and
between the basal segments ; the two basal segments banded with
blackish-brown. Anterior wings luteous-brown, with dark brown
markings ; a patch at the base and a single line nearly joining it,
three wavy lines crossing the middle of the disk, a conspicuous
discal spot, a patch near the origins of medic-superior and central
nervules, a small patch on the inner margin beneath it, consisting
of three short lines, the most posterior of which is the continua-
tion of the upper of three separated, denticulated lines curving
across the middle of the nervules. A semi-oval, apical, pale,
greenish-brown patch, pointed on the tip and bordered beneath by
a dark brown triangular shade, the tip of which reaches the inedio-
central nervule on the margin. Posterior wing pale luteous, with
a broad central black band and a broad marginal band of the same
hue tapering towards the inner margin, with an indistinct line of
the same hue above it; inner angle covered with niveous scales.

Mexico ; West Indies ; S. America.

CLEMENS.

182 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

I think the following is the male of P. ficus. Should the con-
jecture be wrong, I would propose for it the name P. lyncea.

Bright pure brown somewhat tinged with ferruginous. Thorax
with a purplish reflection. Palpi beneath white. Abdomen paler
than thorax, pale yellowish on the sides and between the basal
rings. Anterior wings with a paler rather broad stripe near the
base containing a dark brown line and indistinct lines of the same
hue crossing the middle of the disk ; discal spot conspicuous, fer-
ruginous brown, with three separated, denticulated, rather indis-
tinct dark brown lines crossing the middle of the nervules ; a
semi-oval, apical, pale luteous patch, bordered beneath by a tri-
angular ferruginous brown shade, with a pale purplish patch at
the interior angle. Posterior wiugs ochraceous, with a central
black band not extended to costa, and a marginal blackish band
tapering toward the inner angle, bordered above by a series of
black dots on the nervules continued as a line toward the inner
margin ; the inner angle covered above with niveous scales. The
wings beneath ochraceous, both anterior and posterior with a row
of sub-terminal blackish dots and the latter with a faint central
dark line.

From the Smithsonian Institution. Capt. Pope's collection in

Texas.

CLEMENS.

Anterior ivings rather narrower than 'the preceding, more pointed
at the tip and the hind border more distinctly sinuous.

2. P. inornata Clemens. Sphinx ficus Cramer.

Dull greenish-brown or dark reddish-brown. Abdomen rusty
brown on the sides. Anterior wings in the 9 with an olivaceous
hue toward the base and somewhat purplish posteriorly. A pale
brownish nearly semi-circular patch on the middle of costa extend-
ing beneath to the medio-superior and behind to the post-apical
nervule ; this is bordered by a broad umber brown band, which
sends off to the middle of inner margin a short band of the same
hue. There is only one distinct denticulated umber-brown line
crossing the middle of the nervules, and is sometimes obsolete. A
semi-oval, apical pale brown patch, tinged with dull greenish and
bordered beneath by a triangular umber-brown shade. Posterior
wings nearly concolorous umber-brown, or deep reddish-brown,

MACROSILA. 183

deepened to an obscure marginal blackish band. The inner angle
curved above with niveous scales.

Honduras and Brazil.

CLEMENS.

•

3. P. resumens Walker, p. 190.

Fawn color, paler beneath. Abdonwn with a black band on
each of the three basal segments ; the four following segments
with two black spots on each. Fore wings with several undu-
lating transverse brown lines, with a brown discal dot, and with
three brown dots near the interior angle ; exterior border cinereous.
Hind wings paler, with a black discal stripe, which is connected
at the tip of the wings with a black marginal stripe. Length of
the body IT — 18 lines; of the wings 40 — 42 lines.

For. ]3. — Cinereous brown. Hind wings dull pale fawn color,
greenish toward the base.

S. America ; Honduras ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

4. P. inconspicua Walker, p. 190.

Fawn-color, testaceous beneath. Abdomen with two rows of
black dots, and toward the base with two interrupted black bands.
Fore wings with three undulating oblique blackish lines, a little
darker between the third line and the exterior border. Hind
wings a little paler than the fore wings, with two dark brown
stripes, the one discal, the other marginal ; a brown undulating-
line between them. Length of the body 21 lines ; of the wings
48 lines.

Jamaica.

CLEMENS.

MACROSILA WALKER.

Size large, or very large, body thick and long. The head is
large, free and advanced ; the front very broad and long, taper-
ing but little to the tips of the palpi ; the eyes very large and
salient; the. antenna clavato-prismatic, with a short hook and seta;
the palpi very thick and ascending, and pressed against the front;
the tongue twice or nearly twice the length of the body, or about
one-third longer. The thorax is large aud thick, somewhat rounded

184 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

in front, and tapering moderately on the sides to the head. The
abdomen is tapering and cylindrico-conical, at least twice the
length of the thorax. The wings are long, entire ; the anterior
rather broad across the inner angle, which is dilated, the hind
margin obliquely convex, sometimes slightly wavy, and the interior
margin with a long coneave excision. The legs are long and
strong, the posterior tibia? having four very long spurs.

This group is very closely allied to Sphinx by the characters of
the perfect insect, and I have hesitated much whether to restrict
its limits as described by Mr. Walker, or to extend it. The gene-
ral agreement in the length of the tongue of such individuals here
included as I have been able to examine, has led me to take the
latter course. This will doubtless be regarded as objectionable,
but I think a greater degree of clearness of arrangement is
attained. Under any arrangement portions of the two groups as
compared to each other do not present well-marked or decided
differences, and if some of the members of the present one strongly
recall that of Sphinx, one member of the latter reproduces in its

structure most of the peculiarities of Macrosila.

CLEMENS.

1. M. collaris Walker, p. 201.

Hoary, white beneath. Thorax dark-brown in front, and with
some brown marks on each side. Abdomen with a much inter-
rupted, middle, brown line, and with transverse, brown spots along
each side. Wings brown beneath. Fore wings with a white clis-
cal dot, and with oblique, undulating, transverse, brown lines ; also
with a testaceous streak which extends from the base to an oblique,
undulating, testaceous band. Hind wings brown, whitish at the
base and along the anterior border, and with two hoary bauds.
Length of the body 18 — 19 lines ; of the wings 42 — 46 lines.

West Indies.

CLEMENS.

2. M. hasdrubal Cramer, pi. 246, f. F.

Somewhat hoary. Head and thorax grayish-brown, the latter
with a black streak on the upper edge of tegula?. Abdomen with
indistinct, lateral, blackish patches, edged before with whitish.

MACROSILA. 185

Fore wings with a black streak at the base, with two wavy, black
lines crossing the posterior part of the disk ; black marks on the
costa, and marginal black spots and a series of dots on the median
nervules. Hind wings blackish-brown, white along the interior
angle, with brown undulating lines. Male. — The anterior wings
principally brown. (Smaller than the 9 with the black lines more
distinct, The under surface in both ash-gray, with two brown
bands. — Poey.}

Mature Larva. Gen. Char. — Head large. Body nearly uni-
formly cylindrical, with anal shield, broad and truncate at the ex-
tremity. Caudal horn extremely long, slender, and membranous. —
Head reddish-brown. Body black, with nine or ten bright yellow,
transverse bands on the middle of the segments. The first seg-
ment, the prolegs and a spot, whence rises the caudal horn, red-
dish-brown, dotted with black. (Poey'sjif/.}

Pupation. The larval transformation takes place on the surface,
where the pupa is covered simply by the superficial debris. The
pupa is represented without the detached tongue-case. (Poey.')

Food-plants. The larva feeds on a species of Plumieria.

South America and Central ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

I think it doubtful whether Cramer's M. hydraspus and medor are
the same species, but having no specimen of the former, I am un-
able to determine the question. The general markings of the ante-
rior wings are very similar, but hydraspus has three white spots on
each side of the posterior abdominal segmeuts, besides the three
yellow spots on the basal rings. This is a peculiarity neither of
the male nor female medor of Cramer.

Prof. Poey regards his M. duponchelas differing specifically from
medor of Cramer, and antaeus of Drury. His figure, however,
does not diifer from a specimen in the Acad. Nat. Sciences from
Jamaica, nor from a Mexican specimen in my own collection, ex-
cept that the latter is much larger than either, and the subterminal
line in Poey's figure is more distinctly edged with white.

186 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The third article of palpi a small terminal hook ; anterior wings

slightly wavy.

3. M. antaeus . Merian, f. 2. Sphinx hydraspus Cramer, f. A.(?)

Sphinx medor Cramer, f. A. Sphinx jatrophx Fabr. 18 ; Mant. Ins.
II. 94, 21 ; Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 3G2, 22. Gmel. Syst. Nat. I, 5, 2376,
63. Cocytius jatrophx Hiibner. Amphonyx duponchel Poey.

Palpi blackish-brown, beneath yellowish-whfte. 'Head, thorax,
and abdomen, blackish-brown, intermixed with gray atoms ; te-
gula? with a black streak, edged beneath with whitish ; abdomen
with a dorsal row of black spots, and three large yellow spots on
each side at the base edged with black, and black spots from the
last to the tip of abdomen. Anterior wings blackish-brown,
sprinkled with grayish scales ; a grayish spot at the base, with a
double, angular, black line crossing the middle of disk to the upper
third of inner margin, and two or three serrated lines of the same
hue on the middle of the nervules, and a subterminal black line
curving from the .costa, near the origin of post-apical to near the
inner angle, and edged anteriorly rather broadly with brownish-gray ;
black circlets on the ends of posterior nervules, and a broad black
apical streak ; black streaks in rnedio-central and posterior inter-
spaces, and two discal whitish spots, one near the sub-median
nerve, and the other near the sub-costal. Posterior wings trans-
parent in the middle, with black nervules and a broad, terminal,
black border, with indistinct, grayish spots above inner angle ; yel-
low at the base. Beneath, the body is whitish, with abdominal
blackish spots ; and the wings yellowish toward the base.

South America ; Mexico ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

4. M. cluentius Cramer, I, 124. pi. 78, f. B.

Grayish-black, testaceous beneath ; antennae testaceous. Tho-
rax fawn-color on the sides. Abdomen black, with a broad cine-
reous stripe, and several luteous spots on the sides. Anterior
wings with numerous black spots or marks on the costa and inner
margin, and semicircular black marks on the ends of the nervules,
with a subapical streak and stripe behind, fawn-color. Posterior
wings black, with an interrupted median stripe, and the interior
margin luteous.

South America ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

MACROSILA. 187

5. M. rustica Cram. IV, 21, pi. 301. AcJierontia chionanthi Hiibner.

Figured in Sulz. pi. 20. Grain, pi. 301. Sm. Abb. pi. 34.

Head and ends of palpi blackish-brown, with a short white clash
on the vertex, and white spots at the base of the antenna? ; palpi
beneath white. Thorax blackish with white spots on the disk, and
tegula? at the base of anterior wings. Abdomen blackish-brown,
with a narrow blackish dorsal line, and three round orange-yellow
spots margined with black on each side, and two rows of dorsal
white spots. The under surface' of the thorax and abdomen is
white. Anterior wrings blackish-brown, or ferruginous brown,
when faded, mottled with white ; a few white spots at the base ;
the middle of disk crossed by two black lines and a brown one,
which is margined on both sides with white, with serrated black
lines traversing the nervules, margined broadly behind with
brownish-white ; discal spot white, an irregular sub-terminal
blackish line, with white marginal spots and a short, oblique, api-
cal streak, edged above with white ; cilire white spotted. Poste-
rior wings blackish, costa and disk yellowish, with a white spot
near the base, and one above the inner angle crossed by black
lines.

Mature Larva. Head and body dark-green, the latter becom-
ing yellowish on the dorsuni and sides, with faint greenish lines ;
thoracic rings with wavy, reddish dorsal lines. Seven oblique
lateral blue bands edged with purple, and beneath this a white baud
colored yellowish on its lower part. Horn yellow, with reddish
tubercles. (Abbot & Smith.}

Pupation. Enters the ground to transform. Pupa dark red-
dish-brown, with long detached tongue-case applied to the breast
by its point. It becomes a pupa in Georgia in July.

Food-plants. The fringe tree.

S. America ; Mexico ; "West Indies ; Texas ; Georgia ; Vir-
ginia.

CLEMENS.

6. M. instita Clemens.

Head and palpi blackish-brown. Thorax concolorous, rather
rusty brown, with a small metathoracic black tuft. Abdomen
black, with dispersed bluish scales along the dorsum, with the
basal segment banded with brown, and three large orange yellow
spots on the sides of the basal segments ; beneath and between

188 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

these spots are short white marks. The legs and under surface of
thorax blackish-gray, and whitish in the middle. Anterior wings
are brown in the greater part, separated by an exceedingly irregu-
lar outline from a black costal portion covered with dispersed pale-
blue scales, and which is dilated from the costa into an angular
basal, a large nearly square median, and an apical irregularly-oval
patch ; the brown portion has two broad dilations toward the
costa, both extending to the sub-costal nerve. The median black
patch contains a small white discal dot, and is edged beneath and
behind by pale-brownish. The post-apical nervule and sub-costo
inferior are pale-colored, and toward the termination of medio-
ceutral and posterior nervules are four small black spots, two on
either side of each. The fringes are brown, broadly spotted with
black. Posterior wings are pale-brownish and grayish from the
middle to the base, with a large black patch at base, two central
black bands, and between the latter and the former an oblique
demi-line ; a moderate, bjack marginal band, having a bluish one
in its centre. The fringes black, spotted with brown.

Honduras.

CLEMENS.

7. M. cingulata Linn. Sphinx drurcei, Donovan. Sphinx convohuli,
Druiy. Figured in Drury, 1, pi. 25. Cram. pi. 225. Sin. Abb. 1,
pi. 32.

Head, ends of palpi and thorax cinereous, with a brownish tinge ;
palpi white beneath, prothorax with two blackish lines and tegulte,
with one central and one on superior margin of the same hue ; me-
tathoracic tufts black, with a few bluish scales. Abdomen brown-
ish cinereous, with large rose-colored lateral patches, separated by
black bands. Anterior wings grayish-brown, with a grayish spot
at base, irregular dark-brown angulated lines crossing the disk,
and discal spot whitish, ringed with blackish ; three dark-brown
lines curving across the middle of the nervules, and bordered pos-
teriorly with brownish-gray, in which the last line is produced into
points on the nervules ; a row of dark-brown circlets on the poste-
rior nervules, with a line of the same hue in post-apical interspace
extended to the tip, and streaks of the same hue in the central and
posterior interspaces. Posterior wings rosy toward the base, with
a central black band and black demi-line above it, a grayish space
posteriorly, and a broad marginal cinereous band, bordered above
with black. Legs cinereous, thorax and abdomen beneath white.

MACROSILA. 189

Mature Larva. Head yellowish, with two brownish dashes on
each side. Body blackish-brown, with a crimson vascular line con-
taining anteriorly diamond-shaped blackish-brown patches ; a crim-
son sub-dorsal line, and a wavy, yellowish stigmatical line, sending
off just above the stigmatse short-curved processes. Horn short,
brownish, and white on the sides. (Allot & Smith.}

Pupation. Pupa reddish-brown, with a detached cylindrical
tongue-case that makes one turn and a half, and is applied to the
breast. The larva transformation is subterranean. In Virginia,
pupation began October 3d, and the imago appeared May 30th ;
in Georgia, it began August 20th, and the imago appeared Sep-
tember llth. (Allot & Smith.)

Food-plants. The sweet potato.

Mexico; West Indies; Texas; Georgia; Virginia; Pennsyl-
vania.

CLEMENS.

8. M. Carolina Linn. Figured in Drury, I, pi. 25.

Head, palpi, and thorax blackish-gray or brownish-gray; thorax
grayish on the sides, with short black lines on prothorax, the mid-
dle and upper edge of tegula?; metathoracic tufts black tipped with
bluish, followed by two large black patches. Abdomen blackish-
gray, with a double row of dorsal white spots, five nearly round
orange-yellow spots on each side, with black bands between and
intermediate white spots below. Anterior wings cinereous or
brownish-gray, with a white spot at base; angulated, somewhat
indistinct, blackish lines crossing the middle of the disk to the
basal portion of the inner margin ; discal dot white, with parallel,
rather approximated, black lines crossing the middle of the ner-
vules, an irregular subterminal black line and marginal whitish
line; with a black line hooked below in post-apical interspace, and
a short one at tip edged above with whitish and blackish shades
toward the base of rnedio-central aud posterior interspaces. Pos-
terior wings gray, with a black spot at base, an oblique black
demi-line, a double black central band, and a broad marginal
blackish-gray band, having a black baud in the middle and edged
above with black. Under surface of thorax and abdomen gray,
with a reddish-brown tinge.

Mature Larva. Downy, wrinkled transversely. Head and body
dark green, the latter paler on the dorsum, with whitish dots;

190 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

lateral oblique white bands, edged above with bluish and short
transverse black lines. Stigrnatie black, with a yellow point above
and below, except the first and last, which are orange-yellow with
a black central point, and all edged with blue. Shield and termi-
nal prolegs edged below with yellow; caudal horn rust-colored
terminally. Feet white, ringed with black.

Pupation. The larval transformation takes place in a subter-
ranean cell. The pupa is dark reddish-brown, with a detached,
cylindrical, rather thick tongue-case, not as much arched nor as
long as that of 5-maculata.

Food-plants. The tobacco and tomato plants.

South America; Mexico ; West Indies ; and generally through-
out the United States.

CLEMENS.

9. M. quinquemaculata Stcpli. Pldegetliontius celeus Hiibner. Sphinx
Carolina Donovan, XI, pi. 361.

Head, palpi, and thorax ash-gray; prothorax with three ob-
liquely transverse black lines; teguke with a superior and short
central black line ; the lateral rnetathoracic tufts bluish in the mid-
dle, followed by a large black patch on each side. Abdomen gray,
with a slender black dorsal line, with four or five orange-yellow spots
on the sides separated by black bands, having white spots above and
beneath. Anterior wings gray, varied with brownish in the middle
and toward the tip, with oblique black lines on the inner margin
beneath median nervure, and three of the same hue arising about
the middle of inner margin and curving toward the inner angle
within the submedian, and thence continued across the nervules
toward the costa; a sub-terminal black and marginal white line,
both limited anteriorly by the disco-central nervule ; a short apical
black line, one in post-apical interspace hooked below, a slender
recurrent one in disco-central interspace, a double one in medio-
superior and blackish shades in the central and posterior. Poste-
rior wings whitish, with .a black spot at base, a black demi-line,
two central, separated, serrated black lines, and a broad brownish-
gray marginal band, bordered broadly above with black. Under
surface of the thorax and abdomen red-ash color.

Mature Larva. Head green, with a black stripe on each side.
Body very dark green, with a black patch on first segment, and
lateral oblique greenish-yellow bands, each meeting a stigmatal

MACROSILA. 191

stripe of the same hue, thus forming a series of angular bands on
the sides. The stigmatse are all black, except the first and last,
which are orange-yellow. The feet and caudal horn black. Body
dotted with numerous yellowish-green dots, and marked with short
black lines above the lateral bands.

Pupation. The larval transformation is subterranean. The
pupa dark reddish-brown, with a cylindrical, long and much-arched,
detached tongue-case.

Food-plants. The tomato and potato plants.

Throughout the United States.

CLEMENS.

10. M. brontes ? Sphinx brontes Drury, II, 52, pi. 29, f. 3.1 Walker.

"The insect here described differs much from Drury's figure, and
may be a distinct species."

Cinereous. Antennae white. Thorax margined with black, with
white on the sides. Abdomen with a median black line, and two
angulated black streaks on the si'des. Anterior wings with a white
discal spot, with transverse angulated interior brown and exterior
black lines, with an exterior undefined white baud and streak be-
hind, sometimes obsolete, and with exterior black streaks. Hind
wings brownish, with three blackish streaks.

United States.

CLEMENS.

11. M. forestan Cramer, IV, 216, pi. 394.

Tongue one-third longer than the body.

Head and tips of palpi brownish gray, the latter beneath gray

1 Brontes Drury. "The antennae are white inwardly, but brown out-
wardly. The eyes large and black. The head and neck dark brown.
Thorax and abdomen gray ; on the hind part of the former are two small
black spots, and on each ring two small black streaks. Anterior wings
gray, with a white discal spot and a small white cloud next the tips ;
having several curved and indented black lines crossing them from the
anterior to the posterior edges, some being faint and others very distinct.
The fringes are brown, spotted with white. The inferior wings are of a
very dark brown, but along the abdominal edges and corners are gray.
Fringe like that of the superior wings. Beneath, breast white ; abdomen
white with four central reddish spots ; anterior wings uniform, dark
grayish-brown, with a narrow white streak at the tips. Inferior wings
crossed by two faint lines and also of a dark grayish-brown."

From New York.

192 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

or whitish. Thorax with a black line in front extended on the
sides to tegulce, where it is bordered below with whitish. Abdo-
men brownish gray, with a lateral black angulated band on each
side, sometimes a black stripe with dull yellowish spots. Anterior
wings gray or hoary, more or less varied with green and pale
brownish, with a black streak along the base of inner margin,
several black angulated lines crossing the disk and angulated
black lines crossing the base of the nervules ; discal spot grayish,
adjacent to which is a greenish-brown median patch; black streaks
at the base of medio-central and posterior interspaces and blackish
circlets on the ends of posterior nervules, with a black curved sub-
apical line. Posterior wings nearly uniform blackish brown, with
a whitish patch above the interior angle crossed by two or three
black lines ; sometimes with faint blackish transverse bands.

Collection Acad. N"at. Sciences, Philadelphia, and Mr. \V. H.
Edwards, of Newburg.

South America; Honduras.

CLEMENS.

SPHINX LINN.

The size is very large, large, or moderate. The body is long,
tapering, and cylindrical. The head free and prominent, the front
broad, long, and conical. The antennae prismatic, a little longer
than the thorax, with a short hook and seta. The tongue variable.
The thorax advanced and tapering on the sides to the head. The
abdomen somewhat more than twice longer than the thorax and
sometimes nearly thrice. The wings are long and narrow ; the
length of the anterior exceeding that of the body, and about one-
third as long as they are broad across the inner angle, with the tip
acuminated, the hind margin entire and usually very obliquely
convex, with the inner angle rounded and the inner margin nearly
straight or slightly concave. The legs are moderately long and
stout, the hind tibiae with four very long spurs.

Larva. The head is large, semi-oval, and flattened in front.
The body is almost uniformly cylindrical, smooth, and obliquely
banded on the side, with an arching caudal horn, and the thoracic
segments somewhat folded. The tongue-case of the pupa is short

SPHINX. 193

and detached, but reposes upon the breast. It is contained in a
subterranean cell.

GROUP I.

Size very large. Head large. Eyes large and salient. Tongue
nearly twice as long as the body. Palpi thick, ascending and.
pressed against the front.

1. S. leucopheeata Clemens.

Head, palpi, and thorax gray ; tegulre with a black line on the
superior margin. Abdomen grayish, with a black patch on each
side at the base and alternate black and whitish demi-bands.
Anterior wings gray, with a small black patch about the middle
of the base ; an indistinct blackish double line arises at the base
of the inner margin and extends to the origin of medio-central
vein, and two lines of the same hue cross the lower portion of disk
obliquely to about the same point ; a blackish wavy line, curved
toward the costa, and bordered beneath with pale gray, arises
about the middle of the inner margin and extends to the lower
part of disco-central nervule, whence it retreats indistinctly to the
costa ; a subterminal, angulated, abbreviated black line, bordered
irregularly with pale gray. A deep black streak in post-apical
interspace continued to the tip, and conspicuous black streaks at
the base of medio-central and posterior interspaces ; discal spot
obscure and whitish ; fringes gray. Posterior wings grayish, with
a black median band and broad black marginal band, with a space
on terminal margin from the middle to the inner angle, gray.
Beneath, thorax ash gray, abdomen white, with a few brownish
ventral spots.

Texas.

CLEMENS.

GROUP II.

Size large or moderate. The head moderate. The eyes small
and but moderately salient. The tongue one-third longer than the
body, or about as long or somewhat shorter. The palpi are thick
and slightly exceed the front, with which the hairs of the tip are
scarcely identified.
13

194 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. S. cinerea Hubner. Lethia chersis Hiibner.

Head, palpi and thorax dark gray ; tegulse tipped with whitish
terminally, with a black line on the superior edge and a short in-
distinct one above and parallel to it, and a metathoracic spot on
each side. Abdomen dark gray, with a black dorsal line and
alternate black and white lateral demi-bands. Anterior wings
dark gray, with a black spot at base, a delicate black discal line ;
a black streak at the tip and in post-apical interspace, bordered
above with pale gray, in sub-costo inferior, medio-central and pos-
terior interspaces, and a slender black line in sub-median sulcus ;
a sub-terminal blackish line and one near the margin bordered
below with pale gray and both abbreviated toward costa. Poste-
rior wings sordid gray, with a broad median and a terminal black
band.

Massachusetts; Wisconsin; Southern States.

. CLEMENS.

3. S. sordida Eiibner. Agrius eremitus Hiibn. Sphinx lugens "Walker,

p. 219 ? '

Dark brownish cinereous. Head and thorax paler on the sides,
with a rather broad blackish-brown stripe on the middle of tegulee,
extending to prothorax and edged above with two lines of the
same hue, and with a brownish dorsal line on the disk of thorax ;
metathoracic spots, black. Abdomen with a dorsal black line and
alternate black and whitish demi-bands on the sides ; beneath
white, with central blackish spots. Anterior wings brownish cine-
reous, with a black margined white discal spot, through which
passes a short blackish discal dash, and a smaller one above it ;
with blackish-brown costal marks over the disk, the two most
posterior of which reach to the discal spot and are joined or nearly
joined at an angle by two more or less distinct lines from the inner

1 S. lugens. — Blackish-gray, paler beneath. Head and thorax paler on
each side. Thorax with two black stripes. Abdomen with interrupted
white and blackish bands. Fore wings slightly tinged with brown, with
black costal marks, and with discal and exterior streaks ; two whitish
discal dots, the fore one occasionally obsolete. Hind wings black, with
two whitish undulating bands ; ciliae white. Length of the body 17 — 19
lines ; of the wings 42 — 46 lines.

Mexico.

SPHINX. 195

margin of the base ; a broad diffuse blackish-brown apical streak
with a costal line above it in apical interspace, and blackish-brown
streaks in the interspaces, except the raedio-superior ; an abbre-
viated blackish-brown line edged exteriorly with grayish near the
terminal margin. Posterior wings yellowish-white, with a black
spot at ^he base, a median and broad marginal band black. Length
of the body 16 lines ; expansion of the wings 35 lines.

Var. A. a male. — Brownish, with two distinct dark brown lines
from the inner margin of base and the middle of the costa, angn-
lated on the disk ; over the median nervules the wing is dark
brown, with faintly indicated irregular lines crossing the middle of
the nervules to the costa and grayish spots exterior to them.
Length of body 22 lines ; expansion of the wings 54 lines.
Near Jalapa, Mexico. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

Var. B. a male. — Blackish cinereous ; two distinct black angu-
lated lines crossing the posterior portion of the disk from the inner
margin of base ; with a band of blackish-brown lines crossing the
middle of the nervules. Length of the body 20 lines ; expansion
of the wings 47 lines.

Near Jalapa, Mexico. Acad. Xat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

CLEMENS.

Mr. Walker's h/gens is probably one of these varieties of sordida.
Mexico; Texas; Massachusetts.

4. S. plebeia Fabr. Sp. II, 146, 31.

Head and thorax dark gray, with a transverse black line on
prothorax continued to the tegulas, which are pale grayish beneath
it. Abdomen gray, with a slender black dorsal line and a black
stripe on each side containing whitish spots. Anterior wings
gray, with a short black stripe at the base of the inner margin,
two very oblique, short black lines from the basal portion of costa
to the disk, sometimes uniting with the line from the base on the
disk, and two distinct serrated black lines crossing the middle of
the nervules from about the origin of post-apical to the lower third
of inner margin ; black streaks in all the interspaces, that in medio-
superior contained in a white streak, and short white streaks on
the terminal portion of medio-central and posterior interspaces ;
discal spot white and the nervules tipped with blackish at their

196 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ends. Posterior wings blackish-brown, grayish towards the base
and the inner border, and sometimes faintly grayish in the middle.

Pennsylvania ; Connecticut ; Massachusetts.

• CLEMENS.

5. S. kalmise Abbot $• Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. 1, pi. 37.

Head and thorax ferruginous brown, paler on the sides; tegulce
with a central and upper black line, metathoracic patches black.
Abdomen ferruginous brown with a central black line and alter-
nate whitish and black demi-bands. Anterior wings ferruginous
brown, paler in the middle, with two oblique blackish streaks at
the base of inner margin and very oblique ferruginous streaks from
the costa to disk; a pale streak in post-apical interspace, margined
on each side with ferruginous, and ferruginous and brownish streaks
in the remaining interspaces, with a whitish line near the margin
edged above with blackish ; discal spot small and ferruginous ;
fringes reddish-brown. Posterior wings brownish-white, with a
broad central and terminal black band ; exterior margin reddish-
brown and fringes of the same hue.

Mature Larva. Head green, with a lateral black stripe. Body
fine pale green, deepening on the sides, with pale yellow, lateral,
oblique bands edged above with black, which is again bordered
with pale blue ; first and second prolegs with a black spot on the
sides; stigmatse orange-yellow; shield and terminal prolegs dotted
with numerous brown dots on a pale brownish patch ; caudal horn
blue, but thickly covered with black tubercles. Length about
three inches.

Pupation. The larval transformation is subterranean. The pupa
dark-brown ; the tongue-case half as long as the breast and ap-
plied to it, with the extremity bulbous. The larva enters the pupa
state during the latter part of August or in September, and ap-
pears as an imago in the following June or early in July.

Food-plants. I have found the larva nearly full grown on the
lilac about the middle of July. Also feeds on the leaves of Kal-
mia latifolia. (Abbot & Smith.}

Canada ; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Massachusetts ; Georgia.

CLEMENS.

SPHINX. 1 97

6. S. drupiferarum Abbot ,j- Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. 1, pi. 36.

Head and thorax blackish-brown, whitish fawn-color on the
sides. Abdomen brown, with a slender dorsal line and a lateral
black band on each side containing brownish-white spots. Ante-
rior wings dark brown, with costa from base beyond the disk, and
to median nervure below, whitish fawn-color, with wavy, separated
dark brown lines crossing lower portion of the nervules, the last
bordered above with whitish; a fawn-colored marginal space taper-
ing to the tip and containing a whitish line. A black discal dash,
and two delicate black discal lines continued singly on the disco-
central nervule, with black streaks in submedian sulcns and all the
interspaces except the niedio-superior. Posterior wings whitish,
with a broad median black band enlarged towards the costa and
sub-terminal black band, with the terminal margin fawn-color.

Mature Larva. Head green, with a lateral blackish band. Body
pale green, with lateral, oblique purple bands, edged beneath with
white ; caudal horn dark reddish-brown, yellow on the sides at
base ; stigmata? orange-yellow. Length about 3^ inches.

Pupation. The larval transformation takes place in a subter-
ranean cell. The pupa is dark brown, with reddish-brown between
the segments and the tongue-case short, reposing on the breast
and truncate at the extremity. The perfect insect from the fall
larva appears early in June.

Food-plants. The larva feeds on the leaves of the various varie-
ties of Plum.

Pennsylvania ; Massachusetts.

CLEMEXS.

7. S. luscitiosa Clemens.

Antenna? blackish-brown. Palpi blackish-brown. Head and
thorax blackish-brown or blackish and white on the sides. Ab-
domen brown, with a black stripe on each side. Anterior wings
pale brown, with a ferruginous hue ; the inner border fuliginous,
a terminal fuliginous band tapering to the tip of the wing, with a
wavy outline anteriorly, and the costa and a patch on the costa
above the tip of the same hue ; a slender black discal line, with
black lines and streaks in all the interspaces and sub-median snl-
cus. Fringes blackish. Posterior wings yellow or stramineous,
with a broad terminal black band and the fringes whitish.

Wisconsin ; New York.

CLEMENS.

1 98 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

8. S. gordius Cramer. Figured in Grain. Ill, pi. 247.

Head and disk of the thorax blackish-brown or black and red-
dish-gray on the sides. Abdomen dark gray, with a dorsal black
line and alternate black and grayish demi-bands. Anterior wings
blackish-gray, with a roseate hue; discal spot conspicuous and
white, a discal black line bifid toward the discal spot, with the
usual lines and streaks in interspaces and subraedian sulcus, black;
a blackish-brown marginal shade, with pale grayish on the portion
of the wing above it, at the base and the tip of the wing. Fringes
dark brown spotted with white. Posterior wings gray, with a black
median band, and a broad, black marginal band ; the fringes white.

Mature Larva. Apple green, with seven oblique white lateral
bands, slightly edged above with violet, a rusted caudal horn, and
a brownish line on each side of head. (Harris.) There is almost
too much resemblance in this description to the larva of dntpi-
ferarum.

Pupation. The larval transformation is subterranean ; pupa
with a very short detached tongue-case. (Harris.)

Food-plants. The larva feeds on the leaves of the apple-tree.
(Harris. )

Maine ; Massachusetts ; Connecticut.

CLE.MENS.

9. S. jasmiiiearum Le Conte, Sr. Wilson, Treat. Ent. in Ency. Brit. pi.

236, f. 5, 6.

Palpi gray-brownish on the sides. Head and thorax pale gray,
with a transverse black line on prothorax extended to the middle
of tegulee, with a black dash in the middle of the disk and meta-
thoracic black streaks on each side of median line. Abdomen dull
gray, with a black stripe on each side containing whitish spots.
Anterior wings gray, with blackish-brown markings; a blackish
streak at the base of inner margin, with two brownish lines from
the disk to its lower end; two blackish-brown oblique lines or a
broad oblique streak from the costa to the disk at the origin of
median nervules; discal spot white, with a brownish discolored
patch just posterior to it, extending from costa at the origin of sub-
costo inferior nervule to medio-posterior interspace, where it be-
comes a black spot, and continued thence to inner margin as tvvo
brownish lines; two doubly curved lines of connected spots cross-
ing the middle of the nervules from near the origin of post-apical

SPHINX. 109

to the lower third of the inner margin, with nn irregular brownish
line near the terminal margin; along, decided black streak in
medio-central interspace, with a blackish spot on the terminal
margin of the medio-central nervule. Posterior wings nearly uni-
form blackish brown, with a faint grayish central band and a gray-
ish patch above the interior angle.

Pupation. Larval transformation subterranean. The pupa is
dark brown, with a very short cylindrical tongue-case bulbous at
the extremity, and applied to the breast.

Food-plants. Mr. Newman, of Philadelphia, found a pupa of
this insect beneath an isolated ash tree, under such circumstances
as to render it probable that this is one of the food-plants of the
larva.

Long Island; New York; Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.
i

Length of tongue unknown.

10. S. coniferarum Abbot $• Smith. Figured in Sin. Abb. I, pi. 42.

*
Cinereous ; white beneath. Thorax with a brown stripe on each

side. Abdomen cinereous without bands. Anterior wings, with
a brown basilar,' wavy line, a brown costal spot above the discal
spot, which is blackish ; with a crenated brown line crossing the
middle of the nervules edged anteriorly with whitish. A long
black streak in medio-central interspace, and a shorter one in the
posterior, with the ends of the nervules tipped with blackish.
Posterior wings brown. (Abbot & Smith's figure.)

Mature Larva. Head yellow with two black lines. Body gray,
with three rows of dorsal, square, dark-gray spots, one of which
is vascular, having a black clot at each angle, and a slender, whitish,
vascular line, with whitish striae between the square spots. First
segment with two dashes and one subdorsal on each side. The
larva is full grown about August 27th and Nov. 10th, which latter
produces an imago in April following. (Abbot & Smith.)

Food-plants. Pinus palustris.

Georgia ; Canada.

CLEMENS.

N. B. The specimen Dr. Harris described under this name, as
I have ascertained from a photograph, was E. harrisii. This is
probably likewise identical with S. coniferarum. The discovery
of the larva of harrisii will remove any doubt respecting the iden-
tity of the insects. — B. CLEMENS.

200 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ANCERYX WALKER.

Body rather long and slender. The head large, free and promi-
nent ; the front broad, subconical, the vertex pilose or subtufted ;
the eyes large and salient ; the tongue as long as the body ; the
palpi rather slender, scantily pilose and pressed against the front,
with the terminal article exposed. Antenna? as long or somewhat
longer than the thorax, with a short hook and seta. Thorax well
developed anterior to the base of the fore wings, but rounded ante-
riorly, usually with a slight double crest on the fore part of the
dorsum. Abdomen slender and oblanceolate, at least twice the
length of the thorax. Legs long and slender, hind tibioe with
moderate spurs. The wings narrow and moderately long ; the
length of the anterior less than that of the body, and about three
times longer than broad across the inner angle, the tip acuminated,
the hind border obliquely rounded, but wavy between the nervules,
the inner angle rounded and the inner margin moderately concave.
Posterior wings rather acute at the tip, with the hind margin
entire.

Head smooth, thorax scarcely crested.
1. A. ello Linn. Figured in Drury I, pi. 27. Cram. IV, pi. 301.

Head and thorax gray ; the front of thorax and the vertex dis-
colored with blackish, without distinct markings, with a black line
on sides of thorax extending from the eyes to the base of anterior
wings. Abdomen gray, with a dorsal gray band, containing a
slender blackish line, and banded with alternate black and gray
bands in both sexes. Anterior wings pale grayish, varied with
blackish ; with a blackish stripe extending irregularly from the
base to the tip, and consisting chiefly of streaks between the ner-
vules ; base of the wing blackish, with a patch in costa over disk,
and at the origin of subcosto-inferior nervule, and' with a row of
marginal black spots in the interspaces. Posterior wings rust red,
with a broad, blackish brown, terminal band and a cinereous patch
at the anterior angle.

ANCERYX. 201

The anterior wings of the specimens described are unfortunately
worn.

Mature Larva. Head purple ; body obscure brown, with a
black dorsal line, and spotted irregularly with white on the sides ;
caudal horn purple. (Merian.)

Food-plants. The leaves of a species of Psidium or Guava.

South America ; West Indies ; Mexico ; Texas ; Southern

United States ; California.

CLEMENS.

Vertex and thorax with distinct double crests.

2. A. obscura Fab. sp. II, 142, 14. Erinnys stheno Hubner.

Hoary and somewhat bluish gray. Head and thorax dark gray
and paler on the sides, the latter with a few short black lines, or
with the disk before blackish brown, and a stripe of the same hue
on the sides. Abdomen dusky gray without bands, and two brown-
ish dorsal lines. Anterior wings hoary, or gray tinted with bluish,
with blackish markings ; a blackish streak extending from base to
the tip, and a short, nearly parallel blackish streak above the inte-
rior angle ; a blackish patch on costa at the posterior extremity
of the disk, a fainter one about the middle, and another at the
origin of the post-apical nervule ; a row of black dots on the lower
third of the nervures and another about the middle, each series
being connected by a faint acutely angled line ; a row of marginal,
black dots in which terminate faint, slender, blackish lines in the
interspaces from the post-apical to the medio-central. Posterior
wings rust-red or reddish fawn-color, with a dark-brown patch on
the terminal margin, about the interior angle, and a series of indis-
tinct dots above the nervules.

In the markings of the anterior wings this species bears a very
striking resemblance to A. ello.

Mexico ; West Indies ; Texas.

CLEMENS.

3. A. scyron Cram. IV, 23, pi. 301.

Hoary, cinereous. Thorax with a broad, anterior, blackish
band, and two blackish, posterior, abbreviated bands. The seg-
ments of the abdomen with interrupted, blackish bands, separated
and whitish. Fore wings dark brown, varied with yellowish, with

202 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

a few brown bands more or less definite and branched, sometimes
almost obsolete. Posterior wings luteous, broadly margined with
black, with a somewhat hoary patch along the interior angle.

South America; "West Indies.

CLEMENS.

TJiorax doubly crested.

4. A. alope Drury, I, 58, pi. 27.

Brown. Abdomen blackish, with hoary interrupted bands and
a dorsal stripe. Anterior wings with a series of angular black
> lines about the middle of the nervures, with a paler streak near the
middle of the inner margin, more or less bent backwards, some-
times blackish brown. Hind wings luteous or orange yellow, with
a broad brown terminal margin.

Var. j3. Female. Brown, cinereous beneath. Head and thorax
with a blackish stripe. Abdomen hoary, with three slender black
stripes and with broad black bands ; tip fawn-color. Fore wings
with indistinct blackish lines and streaks, and with some exterior
fawn-colored streaks. Hind wings luteous, with very broad dark
brown borders ; exterior margin somewhat fawn-colored. Length
of the body 20 lines ; of the wings 39 lines.

S. America ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

5. A. guttularis Waller, p. 227.

Hoary, whitish beneath. Head and fore part of the thorax with
a brown middle line. Abdomen with a slender whitish stripe, and
with a slight lilac tinge. Wings beneath pale brown, white at the
base and along the interior border of the hind wings. Fore wings
with a black streak along the middle, and with several black dots.
Hind wings brown, ferruginous at the base ; cilios white. Length
of the body 10 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

St. Domingo.

CLEMENS.

Thorax doubly crested.

6. A. cenotrus Cramer, IV, 22, pi. 301.

Cinereous, beneath white. The head is whitish, with the sides
of a dirty rose color. The segments of the abdomen whitish, and
white beneath, with black points towards the sides. Anterior
wings reddish brown toward the base, with slightly fawn-colored

BOLBA. 203

lines and streaks, sometimes with the margins brown in part.
Posterior wings rufescent or reddish brown, with a terminal blackish
brown bund and a small cinereous patch at the interior angle.

S. America ; Mexico ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.
i

Hind margin of fore wings not denticulated, entire?
7. A. caicus Cramer, II, pi. 125.

Cinereous. Thorax with three blackish brown stripes. 'Abdo-
men with two dorsal black lines and broad interrupted black bands.
Anterior wings with pale brownish and blackish brown lines in the
interspaces, a blackish brown line on the inner margin and a white
discal line. Posterior wings red, with black radii from the hind

margin.

South and Central America ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

DOLBA WALKER.

Size moderate or small. The body is stout, and rather short.
The head rather small, but free and moderately prominent; the
front broad, vertical, rounded and obtuse ; the eyes quite small
and scarcely salient ; the palpi nearly horizontal and equal to the
front; the tongue somewhat longer than the body; the antenna?
rather slender, with a short hook and seta, and about as long as
the thorax. The thorax but little advanced anterior to the base
of fore wings, tapering but little to the head and rounded in front.
The abdomen rather conical, and about twice the length of the
thorax. The length of the anterior wings rather more than that
of the body, somewhat more than twice longer than broad, the tip
rounded, the hind margin entire and oblique, somewhat prominent
in the middle and slightly concave above the inner angle ; inner
margin slightly concave. Posterior wings obtusely rounded at the
tip, hind margin entire and somewhat concave before the inner
angle.

1. D. hylaeus Dntry. Figured in Drury II, pi. 25. Srn. Abb. I, pi. 35.
Sphinx prini Abbot & Smith. IlyJoiciis dynzus Hiibner.

Palpi white beneath. Head and thorax brownish ferruginous,
and whitish on the sides, with two white dots on the disk of thorax

204 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

and two Mack metathoracic spots. Abdomen brownish ferrugi-
nous, with a row of dorsal brown spots and a double row of white
spots, and with lateral alternate black and narrow white demi-
bands. Anterior wings dull ferruginous, or dark brownish varied
with white and blackish; a white spot' at the base, with a blackish
band, white margined towards the base, crossing the middle of the
disk ; discal spot white and black margined, a band of blackish
lines crossing the middle of the nervules, margined posteriorly
broadly with whitish, and black circlets on the posterior ends of
median nervules ; apical line black, white margined toward costa.
Posterior wings whitish, with an indistinctly double, median black-
ish band, joined near inner margin by a blackish patch from the
base and a broad terminal dark brown band edged above with
blackish. Sometimes the wing is blackish brown, with a central
white line and a fainter one above it, with white at the base.

Mature Larva. Head green, with a pale blue line on each side.
Body pea green, with lateral oblique pink bands edged below
with white ; caudal horn crimson. (Abbot & Smith.)

Pupation. Pupa reddish brown ; tongue-case not apparent.
Pupation began May 17th, and the imago appeared June 19th.
Another entered the pupa state August 25th, and appeared April
26th, in Georgia. (Abbot & Smith.)

food-plants. Prinos glaber; Wiuterberry.

Mexico ; Georgia ; Massachusetts ; Connecticut.

CLEMENS.

CERATOMIA HARRIS.

Size large. Body usually thick and long. The head small,
nearly sessile, and somewhat depressed ; front broad and almost"
vertical, pilose or sub-tufted ; the eyes small and scarcely salient;
the palpi rather short and slender, nearly horizontal and not iden-
tified with the front ; tongue about one-third as long as the body,
not as long as the thorax ; the antennas longer than the thorax,
ending in a short hook with seta. The thorax is thick, sub-glo-
bose, but little advanced anterior to the base of the fore wings.
The abdomen is cylindrical, tapering near the extremity, and
nearly thrice or full thrice the length of the thorax. The legs
stout and the hind tibiaj with two long internal and two short

CERATOMIA. 205

external spurs. The wings are rather broad, the anterior with the
tip rounded, the hind margin entire, obliquely convex, and the
inner margin somewhat concave above the interior angle. Male,
antennas ciliferous. Female, antennas simple.

Larva. Head large, semi-oval, somewhat flattened in front.
Body wrinkled transversely and granulated, with a vascular line of
fleshy serrations and a thoracic dorsal line of granulations on each
side, and with four thoracic fleshy granulated horns ; caudal horn
rather short, straight, and roughened. The pupa is smooth;
tongue-case not apparent. Transformation subterranean.

1. C. quadricornis Iluln. Agrius amyntor Exot. Sclimett.

Palpi brown. Head grayish or whitish-fawn color. Thorax
with the disk fawn color or greenish brown and whitish on the
sides, a short transverse dark-colored line before and the tegula?
with a central and superior blackish line on each side, with black
metathoracic spots. Abdomen fawn colored or brownish, with a
slender black dorsal line and two black stripes on each side. An-
terior wings fawn color, varied with blackish brown, or dull green-
ish brown varied with black ; costa grayish at the base, with wing
of a pale hue above the median nervure and dusky beneath it;
three dark brown irregular lines advance from the basal portion
of the inner margin to the disk beyond its middle, and thence
retreat to the costa ; discal spot white, with a short black discal
dash resting on median nerve ; several subterminal blackish lines
arise above the interior angle and run nearly parallel to the hind
margin to disco-central nervure, whence they retreat to the costa;
black streaks in all the interspaces, with the fringes brown, spotted
with white. Posterior wings pale brownish, with a subterminal
blackish or dark-brown band and shaded with blackish in the mid-
dle or forming indistinct dark-colored lines.

Mature Larva. Head pale green, with an indistinct whitish
lateral stripe. Body pale green, becoming just before pupation
in one of the sexes more or less reddish brown, dotted with obscure
granulations ; lateral stripes pale greenish, with whitish granula-
tions and two thoracic dorsal white granulated lines ; caudal horn
greenish ; stigmatas black encircled with yellow and divided by a
yellow line. Feet reddish or tipped with reddish. Length about
3 inches.

206 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Pupation. The larval transformation is subterranean. Pupa
dark brown, smooth cylindrico-conical, tongue-case not apparent.
The larva reaches maturity about the beginning of September,
and appears as an imago during the following May or June.

Food-plants. The larva feeds on the leaves of Ulmus ameri-
cana, the American Elm.

Massachusetts ; Pennsylvania ; Michigan.

CLEMENS. *

2. C. repentinus Clemens.

Head and thorax dark gray, paler on the sides; prothorax with
two black transverse lines, the first edged above with luteous
scales ; tegulse with a central black stripe. Abdomen dark gray,
pale gray on the sides, with a slender dorsal black line and with
two black stripes on each side. Anterior wings pale or rather
deep cinereous, varied with black and white ; two black lines arise
near the basal portion of the inner margin and cross the disk to
the costa, sometimes indistinct or obsolete in the middle; a black-
ish costo-discal patch containing a short black discal streak; discal
spot white and black margined ; two distinct sets of double, ser-
rated, undulating black lines cross the middle of the nervules, and
are separated by pale grayish or whitish, with an irregular whitish
line near hind margin ; a black apical line margined with whitish,
and black streaks in the two last median interspaces ; fringes white,
spotted with dark brown. Posterior wings blackish gray, with
three parallel, narrow undulating black bands; fringes white,
spotted with dark brown.

Food-plants. I have been assured by various collectors that
the larva feeds on the ash; none of them, however, were able to
describe it from recollection.

Michigan; Connecticut; New York ; Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.

N. B. This insect is probably Sphinx Ironies of Drury. See
page 191. (B. CLEMENS.)

SMERINTHUS LATR.

Size moderate or large. The body is robust and thick, with
the tip of the abdomen turned upward in the males. The head is
small, sessile, sometimes sunken and depressed ; the front mode-
rately broad, vertical, pilose or subtufted : the eyes small scarcely

SMERINTIIUS. 207

prominent or visible from above ; the palpi thick and short, but
equal to the front; the tongue almost as long as the palpi; the
antennas usually without the terminal hook, without distinct seta,
and about as long as the thorax. Thorax short, almost globose
and but little, advanced. The abdomen cylindrico-conical, more
than twice longer than the thorax. Wings without bristle and
hook. The anterior are longer than the body, and about twice as
long as broad; the hind margin angulated opposite the post-apical
vein and the medio-central, truncate at the tip and excavated be-
tween the angles, or denticulated along the hind margin ; the
inner margin is deeply concave above the interior angle, which is
somewhat prominent. Male, antennas densely ciliferous or sub-
pectinated, with the articles produced beneath. Female, antenna
simple.

Larva. The head is semi-oval or pyramidal, with vertex acute.
The body granulated, with a caudal horn, and obliquely banded
with dorsal thoracic lines on each side. Transformation subter-
ranean. The pupa of Group I. smooth and cylindrico-conical,
and the position of the larva, when at rest or when disturbed,
sphinx like.

GROUP I.

§ Hind wings dilated on the costa at the tip.
~f Fore wings angulated and excavated on the hind margin.

1. S. myops Abbot $• Smith. Smerinthus rosaccarum Boisduval. Figured
in Sin. Abb. I, pi. 26. Boisd. Sp. Gen. pi. 15.

Palpi, head and thorax chocolate brown and the two latter por-
tions with a purplish or rosy tinge; the sides of palpi and a stripe
in the middle of the thorax tawny yellow. Abdomen brownish
luteous, with irregular tawny yellow spots, and the hind portions
of the segments dark brown. Anterior wings chocolate brown,
with a faint purplish or reddish gray tinge towards the fease ; a
small blackish spot at the base, between median and sub-median
nerves; an indistinct brownish curved line crosses the basal por-
tion of the disk, with a large, median, chocolate brown patch, with

208 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

its anterior margin darkest, inclined towards the anal angle, and
joined at an acute angle by a patch of the same hue about the
middle of sub-median nervure ; one or two wavy sub-terminal
brown lines, with an irregular chocolate brown band near the
hind margin, extending from the tip to about the middle of the
wing and thence to anal angle indistinctly ; a dull yellow patch
above anal angle, with blackish spots above it in sub-median
sulcus, and another about the middle of apical interspace, with an
angular, narrow, bluish line at the tip. Posterior wings dull
yellow, with the costa and outer portion from near the middle,
chocolate brown, and one or two short bluish lines above the tip
and a dull yellow spot upon it ; ocellus black, with a large pale
blue pupil.

Mature Larva. From Abbot & Smith's figure ; head bluish
green, with a bright yellow line on the sides. Body bluish green
with a row of sub-dorsal and stigmatal reddish brown spots ; six
oblique lateral bright yellow bands, with two thoracic sub-dorsal
yellow (?) lines; caudal horn yellow on the sides.

Pupation. The larva enters the earth to transform. In the
Southern States the first brood enters the pupa state about the
middle of June, and becomes imago early in July; pupation begins
with the second during the latter part of October, and they appear
as perfect insects during the following spring. The pupa is smooth,
abdomen cylindrico-conical and acute ; color deep brown. (Abbot
$ Smith.)

Food-plants. The leaves of the wild cherry.

CLEMENS.

-f"j" Fore wings denticulated on hind margin, with a denticulation
opposite disco-central nearly obsolete.

2. S. excaecatus Abbot $* Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pi. 25.

Palpi, head and thorax fawn-color, with a roseate tinge, with a
chestnut-colored thoracic dorsal stripe tapering to the head and
metathoracic transverse patch of the same hue. Abdomen fawn-
color with a dark brown dorsal line. Anterior wings fawn-color,
with dark brown shades, with a small blackish spot at the middle
of base £bd two brown lines crossing the basal portion of the disk;
a large, median, brown patch, with its anterior margin darkest and
inclined towards the inner angle, and the posterior margin concave
in the middle, tinged with purplish towards the centre, containing

SMERINTHUS. 209

a brown discal dot, and joined at an acute angle by a patch of the
same hue about the middle of the submediau nervure ; two or three
brown lines crossing the middle of the nervules and following the
outline of median patch, succeeded by an irregular brownish band;
the marginal space brown; a small brown spot at inner angle, with
two or three black spots above it in sub-median sulcus, with faint
blackish streaks in the post-apical, subcostal and costo-inferior and
medio-superior interspaces. Posterior wings rose-color in the
middle, with a brownish patch at the tip crossed by two or three
short whitish lines ; ocellus black, pupil pale blue, with two short
whitish lines between the ocellus and the inner margin.

Var. A male. Brownish olivaceous. Thoracic streak dark
brown. The median shade of the fore wings brownish olivaceous
with a purplish tinge, and a deep brown streak at the base of pos-
terior interspace ; discal spot blackish.

Egg. Spheroids much flattened above and beneath, almost like
narrow sections of a cylinder ; smooth, white, with an equatorial,
reddish brown band, having a slender, central, white line. Invest-
ing tunics thick and resisting.

Young Larva, on first emerging from the egg is green, without
granulations, and oblique, lateral stripes; a long reddish caudal
horn ; without thoracic subdorsal lines.

Mature Larva. I regret I have no description of the mature
larva. The following is that of Harris : Apple green, with two
short, pale lines before, seven oblique, yellowish white lines on
each side and a bluish caudal horn. According to Abbot & Smith's
figure, the head is green with a crimson line on each side ; the body
yellowish green, lateral bands and caudal horn yellow, with a sub-
dorsal and double stigmatal row of crimson spots.

Pupation. The larva enters the ground to transform ; the pupa
is chestnut-brown, smooth, with a short, obtuse, terminal spine.

Food-plants. The leaves of the apple tree and those of the Rosa
Carolina.

Pennsylvania ; Massachusetts ; Georgia.

CLEMENS.

§§ Costa of superior wings rounded and entire from the base to
the tip, which is rounded.

•j- Fore wings denticulated on hind margin, with that oppo-
site disco-central nearly obsolete.
14

210 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

3. S. modesta Harris. Figured in Agas. Lake Sup. pi. 7.

Palpi, head, thorax and abdomen olivaceous. Anterior wings
from the base to nearly the hind end of the disk very pale oliva-
ceous, with an indistinct, irregular, darker streak across the mid-
dle, and margined towards the base of the wing with a still paler
hue ; a broad, deep, olivaceous, median band, undulating ante-
riorly and crenated or undulating posteriorly, containing a pale,
angular, discal spot and darkest towards the base of the wing ; a
deep, olivaceous band across the middle of the nervules crenated
posteriorly and bordered with a paler hue ; the remainder of the
wing is deep olivaceous with a paler band from the middle to the
inner angle, posterior wings purplish-red iu the middle, with a
transverse, black spot above inner angle and a blackish, olivaceous
patch beneath it; in the male the wing is olivaceous exteriorly and
along terminal border.

Pupation. Mr. Ashton, of N. Y., has taken the perfect insect in
July.

Food-plants. Mr. Crist, of Nazareth, Northampton Co., Pa.,
informed me he found a larva of this insect several years ago on
the Lombardy poplar.

Massachusetts; Lake Superior; Pennsylvania; Sonora, Mex.,
New York.

CLEMENS.

f f The hind margin of fore wings angulated and excavated.

Articles of the antennae with single short pectinations in % .
simple in the 9 .

4. S. geminatus Say. Sphinx ocellatus jamaicensis Drury. Smerintlius ce-
risii Kirby. Figured in Drury II, pi. 25. Kirby Faun. pi. 4. Say's
Amer. Ent. 1, pi. 12.

Palpi reddish-brown; head thorax in front and tegulae whitish
or pale gray, with a large, thoracic, dorsal, deep chestnut, semi-
oval patch. Abdomen brownish-gray. Anterior wings gray,
tinged with rosy and with dark brown streaks and patches ; two
curved, brownish, basal lines bordered with rosy-gray ; the basal
half of medio-posterior interspace filled by a dark brown or a fer-
ruginous brown patch, joined by a line of the same hue crossing
the disk from the costa and obliquely by another from the upper
third of inner margin, shaded posteriorly with brownish, through
the centre of which passes the sub-median nervule ; discal spot

SMERINTHUS. 211

pale, margined with brown ; a brownish band, margined before
with darker brown, crosses the base of the nervules, and is followed
by two or three more or less distinct rosy-gray and brownish, un-
dulating, subterminal lines ; a deep brown, semi-oval patch at the
tip edged with whitish, and a ferruginous brown spot above inner
angle, usually with two smaller spots above it ; the middle of ter-
minal space dark brown. Posterior wings rosy, along exterior
and terminal border yellowish-gray; ocellus black, emitting a
short, broad line to inner angle, and with two or three blue pupils.

Food-plants. I have secured numbers of the pupa from the mid-
dle of October to the beginning of November at the base of
willows.

Canada ; Illinois ; Massachusetts ; Pennsylvania ; Jamaica.

CLEMENS.

Q Structure unknown.
5. S. ophthalmicus Boisduval. Ann. Soc. Ent. t. Ill, 3me ser. xxxii.

Le S. ophthalmica assez rapproche de notre ocellata, plus voisin
de gemmattis de Say, mais 1'oeil n'est pas double et il differe de
toutes les especes du meme groupe par sa large bande bruiie,
anguleuse, qui traverse le milieu des ailes superieures.

S. ophthalmicus is nearly related to the European ocellatus, and
more intimately to geminatus of Say, but the pupil is not double,
and it differs from all the species of the same group by having a
large, angular, brown band traversing the middle of the superior

wings.

This description of M. Boisduval is almost too indefinite to
authorize even a conjecture respecting this species, but it will pos-

sibly prove to be merely a variety of geminatus.

CLEMENS.

Antennae ciliferous in the £ , simple in the 9 .
6. S. astylus Drunj. Sphinx io Boisd. Figured in Drury II, pi. 26.

Reddish-brown or cinnamon-colored. Thorax with a dorsal
ferruginous stripe attenuated before. Teguloe tinged with rosy
white in the 9. Abdomen fawn-color, with a faint dorsal brown-
ish line and the sides in the J\ somewhat tawny yellow, in the Jr
rosy white. Anterior wings very white toward the base in the 9 ,

•

212 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

with a bluish-black stripe along the inner margin, and a line of the
same hue along the medio-posterior nervule, joining it near the
inner angle, with sub-terminal whitish bands faintly tinged with
roseate, and a tawny yellow spot at the tip and inner angle. Pos-
terior wings tawny yellow or lutescent, intermixed with brownish
toward the costa, and a black ocellus above the inner angle, with
a bluish pupil. Under surface of anterior wings tawny yellow,
somewhat reddish-brown exteriorly, with yellow spots and white
bands corresponding to those on the upper surface. Posterior
wings reddish-brown, with two parallel, irregular rosy white cen-
tral lines. Length of the body 45 lines ; expanse of the wings 30
lines in the J*, 33 lines in the 9-
Massachusetts ; New York.

CLEMENS.

GEOUP II.

The hind margin of the anterior wings somewhat excavated from
the tip to medio-central nervule, and thence rounded to the inner
angle, entire in the £ , crenated in the 9- Posterior wings emar-
ginate at the tip, hind border entire in the £ , crenated in the 9.
Antennae with the stalk ciliferous, and the articles produced be-
neath the stalk each bearing four short pectinations in the Jv, and
simple in the 9. Palpi short in the 9 and scarcely exceeding the
front; in the g exceeding it, divergent, almost attaining the level
of the vertex, the development being in the second article and the
third rudimental ; the tongue about as long as the palpi.

Larva, is granulated on transverse wrinkles, tapers anteriorly,
the thoracic rings being slender. The head is pyramidal and
granulated, the vertex elevated above the dorsum and bifid; caudal
horn densely spined. The pupa is rough, with the terminal seg-
ments of abdomen flattened.

The position of the larva at rest is not sphinx-like ; it is ex-
tended along the mid-rib of a leaf, and when disturbed, throws its
head from side to side, making a crepitating noise.

This group has its European representative in Smerinthus populi.

DAREMMA. 213

7. S. juglandis Abbot fr Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pi. 29.

Palpi reddish brown or dark brown; head and thorax pale fawn
color or pale grayish, with a more or less distinct thoracic dorsal,
brownish stripe. Abdomen fawn color or unicolor. Anterior
wings, from the base to about the middle of disk, pale gray," with
a faint lilac tinge or pale fawn color, and a brownish line crossing
the basal part of the disk; a broad median shade, with its posterior
margin commencing on the costa midway between the origin of
post-apical vein and the tip, and inclined to about the middle of
inner margin, darkest at the edges and ochraceous brown, dark
brownish or ferruginous brown, and sometimes almost obsolete
above the medio-posterior vein, whence are emitted two lines which
mark the outline of the shade ; a line of the same hue parallel to
posterior margin of median shade, with an intervening paler space
and a light-colored shade near hind margin, extending from disco-
central vein to the inner angle; the marginal space dark colored,
with a small light-colored costal spot extended to the tip. Poste-
rior wings ochraceous brown, or dull fawn color, with a central
light-colored band edged on each side by dark lines, corresponding
to the posterior edge of median shade and its parallel line.

Mature Larva. Head pale reddish brown, with a pale yellow
lateral stripe and granulations. Body pale green or yellowish green,
with oblique lateral crimson streaks, edged beneath with pale yel-
low ; body tinged with crimson above the prolegs and behind the
horn ; granulations pale yellow ; horn brownish, with blackish
spinules. Feet dark reddish brown. Length about 2^- inches.

Pupation. The pupa is blackish brown, roughened, with four
little prominences on the front of the head-case, and the terminal
segments flattened on the ventral surface. The larva attains its
full growth about the middle of September, and undergoes its
transformation in a cell just beneath the surface.

Food-plants. The leaves of the black walnut and the hickory.

Massachusetts; New York; Pennsylvania; Georgia.

CLEMENS.

DAREMMA WALKER.

Body rather slender. Proboscis short, distinct. Antennae se-
taceous, serrated, a little longer than the thorax. Abdomen taper-
ing, full thrice the length of the thorax. Legs rather short and

214 LEPIDOPTEEA OF NORTH AMERICA.

stout; hind tibite with four long spurs. Wings long, moderately
broad. Fore wings very slightly convex in front, hardly acumi-
nated, entire, slightly convex and very oblique along the exterior
border. Hind wings hardly acuminated.

1. D. undulosa Walker, p. 231.

Cinereous, hoary beneath. Thorax with a black testaceous-
bordered band in front and another behind, where there is also a
white band; a black stripe on each side. Abdomen with slight
testaceous bands, with a brown stripe in the middle, and with brown
spots along each side. Wings with white brown spotted cilise.
Fore wings with slender undulating blackish bands, three toward
the base and four beyond the middle, where there is a white black-
ish-bordered discal spot ; a blackish apical streak. Hind wings
with three brown bands.

Length of the body 13 lines, of the wings 36 lines.

Orillia, West Canada.

CLEMENS.

CENOSANDA WALKEK.

Male. Size small. Body moderately stout, subfusiform. Head
slightly crested. Proboscis moderately long. Palpi a little longer
and more slender than in the other genera ; third joint minute,
conical, apparent. Antennae setaceous, very minutely serrate, much
longer than the thorax. Abdomen less than twice the length of
the thorax, slightly tufted at the tip. Legs rather slender ; hind
tibiae with four moderately long spurs. Wings rather short, mode-
rately broad. Fore wings rounded at the tips, moderately oblique
and slightly convex along the exterior border ; first, second, and
third inferior veins somewhat approximate ; fourth remote.

1. CB. noctuiformis Walker, p. 232.

Hoary, whitish beneath. Head with a brownish crest. Thorax
with a brownish stripe along each side. Abdomen with a black
dot on each segment. Fore wings with several slender undulating
or angular, dark brown bands, and with a transverse more distinct

LAPARA — ELLEMA. 215

streak by the interior angle, near which there is a brown spot.
Hind wings brown, yellow towards the base.

Length of the body 6 lines, of the wings 14 lines.

St. Domingo.

CLEMENS.

LAPARA WALKER.
Male. Body rather slender. Head small, short. Proboscis

•

moderately long. Palpi very short. Antenna? slender, subclavate,
hardly longer than the thorax and attenuated but hardly hooked
toward the tips. Abdomen linear, full twice the length of the
thorax. Legs slender ; hind tibia? with four moderately long
spurs. Wings rather narrow, not long. Foi'e wings almost
straight in front, slightly rounded at the tips, straight and very
oblique along the exterior border; interior border straight; second
inferior vein far nearer to the first than to the third; fourth very
remote. Hind wings rounded at the tips.

This genus has much outward resemblance to the Bombycidce.

1. L. bombycoides Walker, p. 233.

Cinereous. Fore wings with a zigzag, oblique, black line, and
with several lanceolate, black marks. Hind wings brownish, paler
towards the base ; cilia? white.

Length of the body 10 lines ; of the wings 24 lines.

Canada.

CLEMENS.

ELLEMA CLEMENS.

Size small. Body rather slender, diameter nearly equal, but
slightly fusiform in the <£ . The head is quite small, sessile and
somewhat depressed, being but partially visible from above ; the
front moderate, vertical and subtufted ; the palpi rather short and
slender, but equal to the front ; the tongue equal to palpi ; the
eyes very small ; the antenna? terminating in a short hook and seta,
and longer than the thorax. The thorax is very short and pilose,
but little advanced anterior to the base of the fore wings and
rather globosely rounded in front. The abdomen is cylindrical,

216 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

or nearly so, and about thrice the length of the thorax. The
anterior wings are equal to the length of the entire body, and are
a little more than twice longer than broad, with the tip rounded,
and the hind margin entire and obliquely convex, the inner angle
rounded and the inner margin straight. Hind wings rounded at
the tips.

Male. Antenna? prismatic and ciliferous. Female. Antenna?
fusiform and finely ciliated.

1. E. harrisi. Sphinx coniferarum Harris, p. 297.

The palpi, head and thorax moderately pale umber, with the
sides of the thorax at the base of the anterior wings and lower
portion of tegulse grayish. Abdomen brownish-gray. Anterior
wings umber colored, varied with pale gray, with two blackish-
brown lines from the inner margin crossing the disk to the costa,
and a series of blackish lunules in the interspaces, extending from
the costa a little beyond the origin of post-apical nervule to the
lower third of the inner margin and bordered interiorly with pale
gray ; the mark in medio-central interspace is lanceolate, and
sometimes that in the posterior interspace; the ends of the nervules
tipped with dark brownish; fringes brown, spotted with white.
Lighter towards the base. Female, the pale gray less abundant
on anterior wing, with long black dashes in the basal portion of
medio-central and posterior interspaces, and blackish in the middle
of submedian sulcus.

Mature Larva. Mr. George Newman, a collector in Philadel-
phia, assures me he has taken the larva of this insect near maturity
on the pines of New Jersey about the latter part of September.
He could describe it only in general terms. It was without a
caudal horn, and in general color green.

Maine ; New Jersey ; New Hampshire ; North Carolina.

CLEMENS.

ARCTONOTUS BOISD.

Male. Body thick, very pilose. Proboscis very short, obsolete.
Palpi stout, very short and pilose. Antenna? thick, serrate, very
pubescent, much longer than the thorax. Abdomen elougato-
obconical, hardly longer than the thorax. Legs stout, pilose ;

ARCTONOTUS. 217

hind tibias with four rather short spurs. Wings moderately broad,
not long, hardly denticulated, rather deeply ciliated. Fore wings
straight in front, slightly acuminated, rather oblique and slightly
convex along the exterior border ; second inferior vein (medio-
superior) nearer to the third (medio-central) than to the first
(disco-central) ; third rather further from the fourth (posterior)
than from the first. Hind wings much rounded at the tips. —
Walker.
This genus appears to connect Smerinthus with the Bombycidce.

1. A. lucidus Boisd. Walker, p. 264.

Male. Gilded, tawny. Palpi brown. Antenna? testaceous with
ferruginous branches. Lappets of the thorax (tegulce) with a
darker border, which has a whitish edge. Fore wings with two
oblique, purplish bands, which are connected along the interior
border. Hind wings red, with gilded borders, and with a ferru-
ginous submargiual band.

"Size of our cenotherae. Wings quite entire; the superior dim
yellowish-gray, with a brilliant yellow reflection, marked with two
or three very obscure transverse bands, the most decided of which
is sinuous and placed near the extremity. Inferior wings violet,
with the extremity of an obscure purple and the fringe paler.

Body very short; corselet very hairy, of the color of the superior
wings. Antennae very robust (tres fortes]. Under surface of the
wings of a grayish tint, with the disk of the superior ferruginous."
Boisduval, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2me ser. X, p. 319.

California.

CLEMENS.

FAM. IX. DREPANULIDAE.

Appearance geometriforra. Proboscis often none, some-
times conspicuous. Palpi very short. Antennae of the male
usually pectinated, of the female, simple. Abdomen not
extending beyond the secondaries. Legs slender; wings
wide; primaries often fa Icate. Flight nocturnal; wings ex-
tended in repose. Larva naked, with fourteen feet, gibbous
on the back, attenuated behind, no anal feet.

The following genus is the only representative of this family as
yet discovered in this country.

218 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

DREPANA SCHR.

Body very slender. Proboscis not visible. Palpi very short,
not extending beyond the head. Antennae longer than the thorax.
Abdomen not extending so far as the hind wings. Legs slender,
bare, hind tibiae with four rather short spurs. Wings broad. Pri-
maries falcate, slightly convex along the costa, undulating or in-
dented along the exterior border ; interior angle rounded ; discal
areolet intersected by a secondary vein ; second inferior vein more
than twice further from the third than from the first ; third not
further from the fourth than from the second. Male. Antennae
moderately pectinated. Female. Antennae very minutely pecti-
nated, much longer than those of the male.

1. D. fasciata Stcph. Uncula Haw.

Wings brownish-yellow; anterior with two oblique brown striae,
bent towards the costa ; the posterior one with a brown cloud at-
tached towards the outer margin ; between these streaks is a small
black dot towards the anterior edge of the wing ; posterior wings

with a single streak.

WALKER.

2. D. arcuata Walk. C. B. M. VIII.

Male. Pale testaceous. Antennas with brown branches. Fore
wings very falcate, with brown oblique streaks along the costa ;
with two slender zigzag brown bands near the base, with two dark-
brown discal dots, and with three exterior brown bands ; the first
and the third of the latter slight and undulating ; the second dark-
er, more distinct, and nearly straight, ending at the tip of the
wing, which is pale brown in front and gray behind, excepting the
extreme tip, which is wholly dark brown. Hind wings with seve-
ral indistinct tawny undulating bands, and with two minute brown
discal dots. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 15 lines.

This species closely resembles D. falcataria in form and color
and markings, but may be distinguished by its more falcate fore
wings, by the more oblique second exterior band, by the less
numerous and less distinct bands of the hind wings, and by other
differences.

Nova Scotia.

WALKER.

DREPANA. 219

The two following species differ from the European groups of
Drepana by the outline of their fore wings, which are convex in

the middle of the exterior border.

WALKER.

3. D. rosea Walk. C. B. M. VIII.

Male. Pale dull rose-color. Head bright rose-color. ' Antennae
with rather short and thick-set branches. Hind tibias with the
apical spurs rather long. Wings partly yellow towards the base,
with a yellow oblique and slightly undulating band, which in the
hind wings is dilated, and occupies the whole apical half of the
wing, with the exception of a spot in front of the exterior border.
Fore wings nearly straight along the costa, slightly falcate at the
tips ; exterior border undulating, convex in the middle, third infe-
rior vein thrice further from the fourth than from the second.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Nova Scotia.

WALKER.

4. D. marginata Walk. C. B. M. VIII.

Male ? Like D. rosea in the form of its wings'. Yellow. Head
rose-color. Antenna? like those of D. rosea in structure. Legs
partly red, more pilose than those of D. rosea; hind tibias with
very minute spurs. Wings with some slender indistinct oblique
and undulating pale-reddish bands. Fore wings nearly straight in
front, slightly falcate at the tips, undulating along the exterior
border, which is convex in the middle ; costa with a slight reddish
tinge towards the base ; exterior border with a red band, which
contains some black marks, and is continued to the fore part of the
exterior border of the hind wings ; two white discal dots ; second
inferior vein about twice further from the third than from the first;
third twice further from the fourth than from the second. Length

of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

WALKER.

FAM. X. SATURNIDAE.

Antennae bipectinated in the male; much longer than the
width of the head. Tongue often obsolete. Palpi very short.
Legs robust, hairy; hind tibiae with two small apical spurs.
Abdomen pilose, sometimes not reaching the ends of the

220 LEPIDOPTEEA OF NORTH AMERICA.

wings. "Wings wide and sometimes fenestrate ; fore wings
often falcate, interior margin with only one vein. No fre-
nulum.

SATURNIA SCHRANK.

Palpi distinct, rather short, clothed with scales, compressed,
triarticulate, terminal joint short, ovate ; maxilla? obsolete. An-
tennse short ; those of the male bipectinated, each joint bearing a
simple pectination, the latter diminishing in length towards the
apex of the antenna? ; those of the female with each joint uniden-
tate, not pectinated ; head moderate ; thorax rather short and pilose;
abdomen moderate, pilose, tufted at the apex; wings entire, broad,
horizontally expanded. — Stevens' Illust. Brit. Ins., Yol. II, p. 36.

1. S. io Smith Sf Allot. Figured in Vol. I, pi. 49. Naturalists' Lib.
XXXVII, p. 156, pi. 16, fig. 3.

Antenna?, head, and thorax yellow, the two latter hairy ; supe-
riors, yellow in the male, with several undulating brown streaks ;
reddish-brown in the female, with three waved continuous yellow
lines across the surface and a cluster of small yellow spots towards
the centre. Superiors, yellow beneath, with a black ocelliform
spot in the middle, with a white pupil, behind which is a transverse
reddish ray. Inferiors, yellow above, with a large central ocelli-
form spot, which is black, with a white elongated pupil ; behind
this eye there is a black semicircular band, succeeded by another
parallel oi>e which is ferruginous ; the inner margin of the wing is
likewise ferruginous. On the under side yellow, with a transverse
ferruginous ray.

The male expands two and a half inches ; the female is larger.
Thorax and legs ferruginous, abdomen ochre-yellow, with a narrow
purple line on each segment.

Larva, clear green, with a lateral brown stripe, edged below with
white, beginning on the fourth segment and ending at the anus.
Each segment has five or six tufts of green prickles, terminated by
minute black points, which occasion a smarting sensation if they
penetrate the hand. There is a triangular brown spot on the
under side of each segment, beginning with the fourth. Feet
brown.

The cocoon is spun between several dry leaves.

SATURNIA. 221

It feeds on sassafras (Lanrus sassafras), dogwood (Cornus flo-
rida), and poplar (Liriodendron).
United States.

2. S. maia Drury. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 50. Proserpina Fab. Nat.

Library XXXVII, p. 154, pi. 16, fig. 1. Drury II, pi. 42. Cram.
Pap. Exot. II, 3 pi. 98. Pal. Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amer. pi. 24.

Head and antennas black ; the latter strongly pectinated. Tho-
rax in front whitish. Top of head black and hairy, behind ferru-
ginous. Abdomen above black, terminated by a tuft of ferruginous
hairs in the males; below gray, with white spots on the sides.
Wings black, thin and translucent ; they are crossed by a whitish
band, which expands on the inferiors. On each there is a black
spot, with a whitish streak on it. Under side similar. Legs
black; femurs ferruginous. Expands two and a half inches.

The larva varies much in color, according to age. When full
grown, it is yellow, with a broad dark stripe on each side and two
reddish tubercles on the top of each segment. The head, posterior
segment, and legs, purplish red. Each segment has several hairy
spines.

Feeds on various species of oak.

United States.

3. S. hera Harris, Ins. of New England, p. 286. Fig. on pi. 359, IV of

Audubon's Birds of America.

Resembles S. maia in form and size, but the wings are more
opaque. Color pale yellow. On each of the wings there is a
reniform black spot between two transversely undulating black
bands; outer margin black; the veins, from the external black
band to the edge are marked with broad black lines, and there is
a short black line at the base of the superiors. The head, forepart
of the thorax, and upper side of the legs are deep ochre yellow.
The rings of the abdomen are transversely banded with black at
the base and with ochre yellow on their hinder edges. The reni-
form spots on the superiors have a very slender central yellow cres-
cent, and those on the inferiors touch the external black band.

Expands three inches.

The other moth figured on the same plate in Audubon is proba-
bly the female of hera.

Southern States.

HARRIS.

222 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4. S. eglanterina Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 323.

Size and form of Proserpina. Upper side of primaries yellowish-
white, slightly flesh color, powdered with a little blackish at the
base, with the upper edge and two transverse bands black ; the
one, near the base, uniting with a large longitudinal streak of the
same color ; the other, near the extremity, bent, but not sinuous.
Between these two bands there is a black rounded spot, or kind of
eye, marked with a small whitish crescent ; fringe widely black,
uniting with some sagittate streaks of the same color, situated on
the nerves. Secondaries of a beautiful ochry yellow, marked in
the middle with a large black point, in place of an eye ; beyond
the middle a black curved band, in a line with that of the primaries.
Fringe black, forming some sagittate spots of the same color.
Head and prothorax ferruginous; thorax mingled with yellow.
Abdomen of the same color as the secondaries, paler below and a
little annulated with black. Under side like the upper. Antennae
black, pennated in the male, a little ciliate in the female.

California.

BOISD.

5. S. pica Walker. C. B. M. 1318.

Male. White. Head, thorax in front and behind, pectus and
femora luteous. Antennae, tibiae and tarsi brown. Abdomen above
luteous, with a whitish spot and a brown band on each segment.
Wings with black borders, with two curved black bands, with a
large curved discal black spot, and with marginal black streaks.
Fore wings with a black basal streak. Length of the body 11
lines ; of the wings 30 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

6. ? megaera Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 1. Walker, C. B. M. pt. v, 1378.
Primaries bluish spotted with white ; secondaries white at the

apex, blue with yellow waves.

North America.

WALKER.

7. S. galbina Clemens. Proc. A. N. S. for I860, p. 156.

Antennas luteous. Body and head rather dark brown. Fore
wings yellowish-brown, with a rather faint, whitish, angulated band
at the base. On the discal nervure is a round, black ocellus having

ATTACUS. 223

a central subvitreous streak, containing a yellow circle, and toward
the base of the wing a slender blue, crescent. A whitish band
crosses the middle of the nervules, with a faint wavy one between
it and the hind margin. In the apical interspace is a black spot,
with a crimson streak to the tip of the wing. The marginal por-
tion of the wing is whitish and is tinged in the terminal edge with
pale yellowish-brown. Hind wings similar in color and ornament-
ation to the fore wings, the ocelli being somewhat smaller. On
the under surface, which is similar in hue to the upper, the faint
wavy bands of the fore and hind wings are very distinct.

Texas.

CLEMENS.

ATTACUS LINN.

The Attaci are distinguished from the Saturnians by their su-
perior size — the wide, strongly pectinated antennas in loth sexes;
the horizontal and widely extended wings, which are marked with
vitreous, diaphanous spots, and by the tubercles on the backs of the
larva?.

1. A. cecropia Linn. Drury, I, pi. 18. Figured in Sin. Abb. pi. 45.
Nat. Lib. XXXVII, p. 132, pi. xi.

Antennae brown and broadly pectinated. Body fulvous. Thorax
very hairy, with a white band before. Abdomen annulated with
alternate white and dark brown, the latter edged behind with black ;
primaries falcate at their extremity. They are brown and covered
with a white dust; a fulvous spot at the base, bordered with whit-
ish. On the disk, a semi-transparent reniform spot, bordered with
black, with a white centre. A fulvous band crowned with white
crosses both wings ; a sinuous whitish band on a grayish ground
crosses the posterior edge; towards the inferior angle there are
two or three irregular round black spots in a series ; near the up-
per angle there is an ocellated black spot, nearly surrounded with
green ; between this and another oblong black spot on the tip,
there is a mark similar to an inverted W.

Secondaries similar, excepting the lower edge, which has a nar-
row brown band ; above it a series of spots of the same color, on
a grayish ground, which is surmounted with a broad band of brown.
The discoidal spot is larger and the transverse band broader.

224 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Expands from five and a half to six inches.

Larva, light green ; the second segment, surmounted with two
red tubercles, having a number of short black hairs; the third seg-
ment has two larger tubercles ; the others are crowned with oval
yellow warts with hairs at the end ; the last segment has but one
of a larger size. On the side, two series of long, light blue tuber-
cles, and a shorter series over the first five segments.

Feeds on apple, cherry, wild plum, currant, barberry.

It spins an oval cocoon, which is often as large as a hen's egg,
which it attaches to the side of a stem. Externally it is brown
and wrinkled ; inside of this outer covering there is paler brown
silk ; this covers an inner cocoon closely spun, within which the
chrysalis reposes.

United States.

2. A. promethea Drury. Figured in Drary II, pi. 11. Sm. Abb. I, pi.
46. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, p. 134, pi. 12.

Eyes and antenna? dark brown ; the latter broadly pectinated in
the males. Thorax and abdomen dark brown. Legs and under
side of the body reddish-brown. Wings same color, falcate on the
outer edge. A sinuous, grayish line crosses both in the middle ;
outer margin drab, through which passes a sinuous, dark reddish
line; an ocellate black spot, surmounted by a blue crescent near
the tip, between which and the tip there is a zigzag whitish line.
The wings near the upper angle are of a rich flesh color.

The secondaries are similar, except the drab margin, on which,
besides the sinuous line, there is a series of oblong dark brown spots
between the line and ground color of the wings.

The under side is similarly marked, but the color approaches to
a crimson tint. In the middle of the superiors there is a small
sagittate spot of dark red ; the inferiors have an indistinct, short,
white line in the middle. Expands three inches and a half.

The female differs considerably from the male. The body is
reddish-brown. The upper surface of the wings is. bright ferrugi-
nous. They have the ocellated spot and the zigzag line near the
tip as well as the sinuous line on the drab margin as in the male,
but the oblong corresponding spots on the inferiors are ferruginous
instead of brown.

Both lower wings are crossed by an undulating yellowish-white
line, the inner edge of w.hich is black and the outer gray. At the

ATTACUS. 225

base there is a large fulvous spot, bordered with white and black.
On the middle of the superiors there is an oblong yellowish-white
spot, broadest at the upper extremity, bordered with black. On
the middle of the inferiors there is a* spot of similar color, but
more square and emarginate below.

The under surface is similar, but the color is brighter and the
ocellated spot on the superiors is brownish. Expands four inches.

Larva green ; feet yellow. Each segment except the posterior
has six blue spots, mounted with black tubercles. In the second
and third segments the two middle tubercles are supplanted by two
red processes of a third of an inch in length. The last segment
has but five tubercles ; the central one has a yellow process.

It feeds on Laurus sassafras, spice wood, L. benzoin, and swamp
buttonwood, Cephalanthus occidentals.

In preparing for its transformation, it selects a leaf and covers
the upper surface of it with a yellowish-brown silk, extending this
coating over the footstalk of the leaf and attaching it firmly to the
branch. It next draws the edges of the leaf together, thus cover-
ing itself with a mantle, in which it spins a strong cocoon. It
soon assumes the pupa form, in which state it remains suspended
with the leaf during the winter and is disclosed the next summer.

United States.

3. A. luna Fabr. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 48. Drury, I, pi. 4. Cram.
Clerck, Icon.

Antennse brown ; head white and small. Thorax white, some-
times yellowish or greenish, with a reddish-brown band at the
anterior part, which extends the whole length of the upper edge
of the superior wings.

Body of the same color with the thorax, but usually whitish.
Both pairs of wings are clear green. On each there is an ocellate
spot, of which a small part is transparent, encircled with yellow,
before which there is a semicircle of black and blue, and in that
of the primaries a purple line between the semicircle and the trans-
parent part. On one side of each there is also a whitish line. The
nervures on all the wings are very distinct and pale brown. The
wings near the body are densely pilose.

The secondaries are terminated by a spatular tail, nearly two
inches long ; all the wings are edged with pale yellow or ochre.

The under side is similar to the upper, except an indistinct un-
15

226 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dulating line running along the margin of both wings. Feet fer-
ruginous or purple-brown. Body covered with white hairs having
the appearance of wool. Expands about five inches.

Larva pale bluish-green. A yellow stripe on each side of the
body. Between each segment of the back a line of yellow. On
each segment five or six small pearly protuberances, tinged with
purple or red, having a few hairs. At the posterior end three
brown spots, edged above with yellow. Length, when at rest,
about two inches ; about three, when in motion.

It spins its cocoon of whitish silk about two inches long, between
two or three leaves it has previously drawn together with silken
threads. The moth is disclosed in June.

It feeds on walnut (Juglans) and hickory (Car yet).

United States.

4. A. polyphemus Fab. Figured in Nat. Lib. XXXVI.

Antennoe ferruginous; body of the same color ; head cinereous.
Superiors falcate, especially in the male. Upper margin cinereous,
or dull ochre yellow. Base and outer edge russety. About half
from the centre to the tip they are sprinkled with dark brown.
Towards the base an irregular band of pale white and carmine.
An obsolete ferruginous band crosses the middle. Towards the
margin a band of pale purple and brownish, terminated at the tip
with a black spot interrupted by the nervure, on a whitish ground
nearly surrounded with purple. Near the centre there is an ocel-
late, transparent spot, bordered with a double ring of yellow and
black, and a whitish semicircle towards the base.

Inferiors, fnlvo-cinereous ; posterior border russety ; a broad
band, half pale violet and half blackish, surmounts this border.
In the centre, a large black ocellate spot, with a yellow iris and a
transparent oval point in the middle. Above the transparent part
there is a blue dust that insensibly mingles with the black.

On the under side the ground color is paler, but the bands are
more distinct. The outer border of the superiors is deep brown.
The base of the inferiors is brighter ferruginous, resting on a brown
band crossing both inferiors horizontally. The black part of the
ocellate spot on the upper side is not discernible, and inatead of
the band there is a row of indistinct semicircular spots. Expands
nearly six inches.

Larva, somewhat similar to that of A. lima, but it is destitute

ATTACTJS. 227

of the lateral yellow stripe and the bands between the segments.
It has pearly tubercles tinted with purple. Head and feet brown.
Posterior end bordered by a brown mark similar to the letter V.

It forms its cocoon similar to A. lima.

United States.

5. A. paphia Fab. Figured in Petiv. Gazoph. tab. 29.

Nearly the size of A. cecropia. Primaries with the extremity sub-
falcate; ferruginous yellow, with the anterior edge cinereous. A
yellowish white band, an ocellated spot, white, of which the middle
is gray. The iris brown and the pupil transparent; edge ferrugi-
nous, on which there is a black violet ray. A little before the
extremity there is an indistinct blackish marginal spot. Seconda-
ries yellow, rounded, an ocellated spot similar to the preceding
placed in the middle; paler towards the posterior edge, with indis-
tinct undulated rays. Under side ferruginous yellow, with the
same spots as on the upper side. The ocellated spots of the male
are oblong; those of the female round.

North America.

GODT.

6. A. angulifera Walker. C. B. M. 1224.

Male and female. Wings with a blackish zigzag band, which
extends from much beyond the middle of the costa of the fore
wings to three-fourths of the breadth of the interior border of the
hind wings. This band is diffuse on the inner side, and is bordered
with a diffuse whitish line on the outer side. Discal spot whitish,
forked, with a black border; larger in the fore wings than in the
hind wings. Exterior border pale testaceous, curved, outwardly
black bordered band between the base and the discal spot, and
with a black subapical ocellus, which is bordered with white on
the inner side. Hind wings with a row of elongated spots near
the exterior border.

Male. Brown. Antenna very deeply pectinated ; branches in
pairs, which are of equal length. Abdomen extending to much
less than half the breadth of the hind wings.

Female. Ferruginous or reddish. Antennas moderately pecti-
nated; the alternate branches black and rather longer than the
others. Abdomen extending to much more than half the breadth

228 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

of the hind wings. Length of the body 7 — 12 lines; of the wings
42—48 lines.

North America.

WALKER.

7'. A. didyma 'Palis de Beauv. Figured in Palis of de Beauv. pi. 20.

Body very thick, very hairy; wings saffron yellow. Primaries
with some vinous spots; sprinkled above with numerous, small,
irregular dots; a large vinous spot at the base; external edge with
a deeper band, nearly ferruginous, bordered with the same color
as the base. Each wing has two round, ocelliform spots towards
the middle; ring vinous; centre white; these two are contiguous
on the primaries. Those on the secondaries are a little separated,
the upper one is browner. Under side paler yellow, edges above
a little ferruginous and somewhat more spotted than the rest. The
ocelliform spots have their edges nearly violet; upper spots entirely
violet.

North America.

DE BEAUVOIS.

8. A. splendida De Beauvois. Ins. en Afrique et en Amer. p. 133, pi.
22, f. 1, 2.

Dull reddish-brown. Thorax banded with white beforeand behind.
Abdomen with a white stigmatal band, edged above and beneath
with black, and containing reddish-brown spots. Fore wings with
a basal white streak extending from the costa to the base of inedio-
posterior nervule and thence to the inner margin at the base of the
wing, bordered toward the base with orange-yellowish and exter-
nally by black. The breadth of the disk is occupied by a large
trigonate vitreous patch, extended behind so as to interrupt a white,
wavy, narrow band crossing the middle of the uervules, and which
is bordered internally with black and externally with orange-yel-
lowish. The trigonate patch is edged within by white and exter-
nally by black behind and before. Beyond the transnervular band
the wing is brown dusted with blackish and powdered with whitish
roseate in the medio-posterior and submedian interspaces behind
the band. At the tip is a large whitish roseate patch, three con-
tiguous black spots at the end of the postapical interspace, with a
wavy, black, submargiual line. Hind margin luteo-testaceous.
Hind wings, trigonate vitreous patch somewhat larger than in fore
wings, continued around the costa to the base of the wing and the

CERATOCAMPA. 229

medio-posterior interspace and those adjoining it, powdered with
whitish roseate behind the band. Hind margin luteo-testaceous,
with a row of black spots and a dark brown line.
Texas.

CLEMENS. Proc. A. N. S. for 1860, p. 1GO.

CERATOCAMPA HARRIS.

Body thick. Proboscis short, hardly visible. Palpi very short,
not exceeding as far as the head. Antennae a little shorter than
the thorax. Legs stout, rather long, hind tibia? with two very
minute apical spurs. Wings rather long, moderately broad. Fore
wings acuminated, very slightly convex in front ; exterior border
almost straight, very oblique ; second inferior vein twice or more
than four times further from the third than from the first. Male.
Antenna? deeply pectinated, merely serrated. for more than one-
third of the length from the tips. Female. Antenna? simple.

(The name of the genus is founded on the character of the larva,

that being armed with horns.)

C. B. M.

1. C. regalis Fab, F. regia Sm. Abb, Laocoon Cram. Figured in Sm.
Abb. p. 121, pi. 61. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, p. 161, pi. 18. L. Drury,
pi. 9.

Antenna? pectinated half their length, and setaceous at the end ;
head orange-red ; thorax same color, with a yellow band in front,
extending round each side, and two longitudinal broad yellow lines
on the top ; abdomen red, with a yellow band across each segment
except the last. Superiors olive, with about six large yellow spots
in a series crossing them, the two largest near the tip ; two or
three other irregular yellow spots further towards the base ; two
yellow spots at the base ; nervures thick and red. Inferiors orange-
red, with large irregular patches of yellow and a series of six or
seven olive-colored sagittate spots between the veins towards the
anal angle. The under side of the superiors is yellow at the base, red
in the centre, and olive on the margin. The series of yellow spots
and the red nervures similar to the upper side. Under side of
inferiors bright yellow, with a red spot in the centre. A pale red
transverse band which expands and covers the whole of the outer

230 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

angle, where there are a few sagittate olive spots. Body beneath
yellow, with some red spots ; legs red. Expands five inches.

Larva green, with pale blue across each segment ; on the side
of each segment a large bluish spot nearly square ; head and feet
orange. On the first segment two long curved spines ; on. the
second, four, and an equal number on the third. They are yellow,
except at the tip, and are beset with small sharp points. On each
of the other segments there are six shorter spines, except the ele-
venth, on which there are seven, the longest one in the middle, and
on the last segment there are eleven. Length from five to six
inches.

Feeds on black walnut (Juglans), persimmon (Diospyros vir-
giniana}.

Chrysalis short and thick, with a small mucro at the posterior
part and edges of the segments without spines.

United States.

2. G. imperialis Drury. Imperatoria Sm. Abb. Figured in Sin. Abb. II,
pi. 55. Jardine's Nat. Lib. XXXVII, pi. 17.

Antennas and head yellow or reddish-brown ; thorax brown in
front, yellow on top, purple on the sides ; abdomen yellow, shaded
with purple.

Primaries yellow, sprinkled with purple, a large purple spot at
the base, a double round spot, with a yellow centre on the disk, a
sinuous purple band, commencing at the tip and crossing the wing,
a broad purple patch on the external border.

Secondaries of the same color, a smaller purple cloud at the
base, a purple band with a round spot, having a yellow centre
resting on it. Under side paler, the sprinkled dots not so nume-
rous, and the bands indistinct. Expands four and a half inches.

Larva varies in color ; sometimes tawny, again orange and
tawny, occasionally green. It has two short rugose horns on each
of the second and third segments, and some minute sharp points
on the others, crowned with tufts of long rigid hairs. There is a
small yellow spot, surrounded with a black ring, on the sides of all
the segments except the first three.

Feeds on the plane-tree (Platanus occidentalis) , the oak (Quer-
cus~), sweet gum (Liquidambar}, and pine (Pimis).

Chrysalis narrow, elongated, tail bifid at the extremity, edges
of the segments armed with a regular series of spines.

United States.

DRYOCAMPA. 231

•

DRYOCAMPA HARRIS.

Body stout. Proboscis not visible. Antennas shorter than the
thorax. Abdomen hardly extending beyond the hind wings. Legs
stout ; hind tibite with two minute apical spurs. Wings mode-
rately broad, thinly pilose. Primaries straight along the costa,
acuminated at the apex, hardly convex, and very oblique along
the exterior border.

Male. Antennas deeply pectinated to much beyond half the
length, minutely serrated from thence to the tips. Female. An-
tenna simple.

1. D. stigma F. Figured in Smith & Abbot, p. Ill, pi. 56.

Reddish-ochreous. Superiors purple on the outer border and
internal side, thickly sprinkled with blackish clots ; a small white
spot in the centre and crossed from the tip with a narrow purple
band. Body deep yellow ; the under side similar though paler
and not having so many black spots. Inferiors with a narrow
transverse purple red band ; border sprinkled with a few black
dots. Expands from one inch and three-quarters to two inches
and three-quarters.

Larva yellow, with black thorns on the back. Feeds on the oak.

United States.

2. D. senate ria F.

Ochre-yellow. Wings faintly tinged with purplish-red, espe-
cially on the front and hind margins, and crossed by a narrow
purple-brown band behind the middle. Superiors sprinkled with
blackish dots ; a small white spot near the middle. The male is
much smaller than the female ; its wings are thinner and more
tinged with purple-red. Expands about an inch and three-quar-
ters ; the females two and a half or more.

Larva black, with four narrow ochre-yellow stripes along the
back and two on each side. On each segment about six short
thorns or sharp points, besides two on the top of the second seg-
ment, which are long and filiform, but not flexible.

United States.

232 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

3. D. pellucida Abb. Virginiensis Drur. Figured in Smith & Abbot, p.

115, pi. 58.

Resembles D. senatoria, but is smaller and more delicate.

Body ochre-yellow. Superiors of the male purple-brown, with
a large colorless transparent space in the middle, near which is a
small round white spot, and towards the hinder margin a narrow
oblique very faint dusky stripe. Inferiors purple-brown, nearly
transparent in the middle, and margined with pale purple. Under
side similar.

Larva rust-yellow ; body pea-green, shaded on the back and
sides with red ; striped with very pale yellowish-green, and armed
with black spines.

United States.

HARRIS.

4. D. rubicunda F. Harris, Ins. of Mass. p. 293.

Superiors rose-colored, crossed by a broad pale yellow band.
Inferiors pale yellow. Abdomen and legs rose-colored.

United States.

HAEEIS.

5. D. bicolor Harris, Ins. of Mass. p. 293.

Upper side of the fore wings and under side of the hind wings
are brownish-gray, sprinkled with black dots, and with a small
round white spot near the middle, and a narrow oblique dusky
band behind it on the fore wings ; the upper side of the hind wings
and the under side of the fore wings, except the front edge and
hinder margin of the latter, are crimson-red, and the body is
brownish-gray. The male expands two inches and a quarter.

United States.

HARRIS.

BOMBYCIDAB STEPH. Bombycina Her.-Sch.

The difficulty of distributing this family into consistent genera
has been acknowledged by all who have studied it. Various sy-
nopses have been proposed, but none, as yet, have been generally
adopted. Most of them have been founded more or less exclu-
sively on the perfect insects, but such cannot stand as the larva?
and transformation become better known.

GASTROPACHA. 233

« .

The Bomlycida, so called from Bombyx, the ancient name for
silkworm, inclose themselves in cocoons of silk in the larval state,
and hence are called spinners by the Germans. They are mostly
thick-bodied moths, with the antenna? generally pectinated in both
sexes. The organs of the mouth are in an undeveloped state, the
thorax woolly, and the anterior legs often very hairy. The larva?
for the most part have tubercles mounted with tufts of hair, and
live exposed on plants.

GASTROPACHA OCHS.

Body thick. Head prominent. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi stout,
porrect, pilose, extending some distance beyond the head; third
joint less than half the length of the second, rounded at tip.

Antenna? curved, a little shorter than the thorax. Abdomen gene-
rally extending more or less beyond the hind wings. Legs stout,
very pilose, hind tibia? with two very minute apical spurs. "Wings
moderately broad, denticulated along the exterior border. Fore
wings nearly straight in front, slightly acuminated at the tips,
moderately oblique along the exterior border ; first and second
inferior veins almost contiguous at the base ; third rather remote
from the second, more remote from the fourth. Male. Antenna?
rather deeply pectinated. Female. Antenna? moderately pecti-
nated.

1. G. americana. Figured in Smith & Abbot, p. 101, pi. 51.

Color, reddish-brown ; margins of anterior and posterior wings
notched ; notches white ; behind the middle of each of the wings
is a pale band, edged with zigzag dark-brown lines, and there are
also two or three short irregular brown lines running backwards
from the front edge of the fore wings, besides a minute pale cres-
cent edged with dark brown, near the middle. In the female, the
pale bands and dark lines are sometimes wanting, the wings being
almost entirely of a red-brown color.

United States.

HAKRIS.

234 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. G. laricis Fitch. (Planosa Fitch, taricis.) Figured in Fitch's Second

Report.

Male. Head densely clothed with white hairs in front, blackish
ones about the eyes. Palpi minutely concealed by fine long hairs.
Antennae short, abruptly bent near the middle, pectinated to the
bend, and then shorter to the end. Thorax clothed with long
hairs of dark gray; an oblong crest of glossy scales on the poste-
rior part. Tongue short, not coiled. Abdomen with blackish
hairs above, whitish beneath, the end with a dense pure white tuft.
AYings semitransparent, thickly covered with brown scales, which
are denuded ; veins robust and white, with darker irregular bands ;
unemarginate. Legs densely covered with long white tufts; for-
ward shanks have a tuft of blackish hairs.

Female. Much larger, and differently colored. Wings thin,
translucent; hind edge with a slender white band; before this
there is a narrow pale dusky band abruptly widened near its mid-
dle to double its width ; this band is margined on its anterior side
by a white line, by which it is separated from a much broader and
more dusky band which is waved in its middle ; forward of this
the wings are milk-white, crossed by four very faint equidistant
wavy bands of the same delicate pale dusky hue with those behind.
Hind wings of the same dusky tint as the bands of the fore wings,
but paler ; a white line on their hind margin. Body white, with
a tuft of pale brown at the apex. Thorax crested blackish. An-
tenna? shorter than those of the male. Expands an inch and a
half.

New York.

FITCH.

3. G. velleda Stoll. Figured in Smith. & Abbot, p. 103, pi. 51.

Body thick and woolly, white, variegated or clouded with blue-
gray. On the fore wings are two broad dark-gray bands inter-
vening between three narrow wavy white bands, the latter being
marked with an irregular gray line ; the veins are white, promi-
nent, and very distinct; the hind wings are gray, with a white
hind border on which are two interrupted gray lines, and across
the middle there is a broad faint whitish band ; on the top of the
thorax is an oblong blackish spot, widening behind, and consisting

CLISIOCAMPA. 235

of long black and pearl-colored scales shaped somewhat like the
handle of a spoon. Great disparity iu the size of the sexes.

HARRIS.

4. G. occidentalis Waif:. Tlicifolia Sm. Abb. Americana Harris. Fig-
ured iu Smith & Abbot, II, pi. 51.

Ferruginous; cilia? of the wings marked with white ; primaries
with oblique blackish fasciae, testaceous at the base, cinereous at
the exterior margin ; secondaries with the disk partly testaceous.

North America.

HARRIS.

CLISIOCAMPA CURTIS.

Body stout or thick. Palpi short, hardly extending beyond the
head ; third joint slightly acuminated. Antennas a little longer
than the thorax. Legs stout, pilose ; hind tibiae with two very
minute apical spurs. Wings more or less broad. Fore wings
straight in front, slightly rounded at the tip, somewhat oblique along
the exterior border; first and second inferior veins almost contigu-
ous at the base ; third twice further from the fourth than from the
second. Male, antennas deeply pectinated. Abdomen robust,
hardly extending beyond the hind wings. Female, antennae very
slightly pectinated. Abdomen thick, extending for one-third of
its length beyond the hind wings. (C. B. 717.)

1. C. decipiens Walk. Castrensis Smith & Abbot.

Color rust or reddish-brown, variegated with gray, especially on
the middle and base of the fore wings. Anterior wings crossed
obliquely by two dingy white parallel lines; margin ciliate and
whitish. Hind wings without lines or spots ; a portion of the
costal margin whitish. Beneath darker. Length of the body 5 — 6
lines; of the wings 10 — 12 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

Harris, Ins. of Mass., has called this species Americana, but
that name is preoccupied by Fab.

236 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. C.? americana Fab.

Male. Antenna strongly pectinate. Wings whitish ; primaries

with some fuscous costal streaks.

FAB.

3. C. sylvatica Harris. Ins. of Mass. p. 271.

Brownish-yellow or nankin color. The hind wings, except at
base, are light rusty brown. On the fore wings are two oblique
rust-brown and nearly straight parallel lines. A variety is some-,
times found with a broad red-brown band across the fore wjngs,
occupying the whole space, which, in other individuals, intervenes
between the oblique lines. The wings expand from one inch and
a quarter to one and three quarters.

Larva. Light blue, clear on the back, and greenish at the sides.
Head blue, without spots. Two yellow spots and four black dots
on the top of the first segment. Along the top of the back a row
of eleven oval white spots, beginning on the second segment, and
two small elevated black and hairy dots on each segment, except
the eleventh, which has only one of larger size. On each side of
the back is a reddish stripe bordered by slender black lines ; and
lower down on each side is another stripe of yellow color between
two black lines. The under side of the body is blue-black. Lives
in communities of three or four hundred under a common web or
tent, which is sometimes made against the trunk of the walnut, oak,
and more rarely of apple-trees.

Northern States.

HARRIS.

ARTACE WALKER.

Body moderately stout. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi stout, por-
rect, pilose, not extending beyond the head ; first joint short; third
minute, conical. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind
wings. Legs stout, pilose; hind tibia3 with two minute apical
spurs. Wings rather narrow. Fore wings straight in front, round-
ed at the tips, very oblique along the exterior border; interior
angle somewhat rounded and very obtuse ; first and second inferior
veins contiguous at the base ; third about twice further from the
fourth than from the second.

CERURA. 237

Male. Antennae rathei* deeply pectinated to beyond one-third
of their length, slightly pectinated from thence to the tips. Fe-
male. Antenna? moderately pectinated.

1. A. punctlstriga Walker, C. B. M. pi. 5, 1491.

White. Antennae with tawny branches. Tarsi with black bands.
Fore legs very thickly clothed with long hairs. Fore wings with
four oblique bands of black dots on the veins ; these bands form
each an angle near the costa, and there the dots are largest, and
the space between them is occasionally blackish; a row of black
dots (which are occasionally obsolete) between the veins on the
exterior border. Hind wings with a transverse more or less indis-
tinct brownish mark near the interior angle. Length of the body
8 — 10 lines; of the wings 16 — 24 lines.

Georgia.

WALKEK.

2. A. albicans Walker. C. B. M. 1492, pt. v.

White. Palpi rose color, blackish towards the base. Antennas
with brown branches. Legs with black bands ; fore tibia? partly
clothed with rosy hairs. Wings with a row of black dots* between
the veins on the exterior border, near which there is a parallel row
of brownish dots. Fore wings with a rosy tinge towards the base
of the costa ; veins with black dots, which form four or five oblique
bands. Length of body 5 — 6 lines; of the wings 12 — 16 lines.

Georgia?

WALKER.

3. A. punctivena Walker.

Male. Tawny, shining, paler beneath. Middle tarsi black, with
testaceous bands. Fore wings with five oblique bands of black
dots ; the dots on the veins, with the exception of those of the
exterior marginal band which lie between the veins. Hind wings
with an indistinct interrupted submarginal grayish band. Length

of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

WALKEK.

238 LEriDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM. XL NOTODONTLDAE HER.-SCH.

Body usually robust, pilose, abdomen extending beyond
the wings, sometimes nearly double the length. Proboscis
often none or very short, sometimes rather long. Palpi
moderate, rarely very long. Antennaa of the male usually
pectinate, rarely simple; of the female, simple, rarely sub-
pectinate. Eyes usually naked. Legs densely pilose or
scaly. Primaries not wide. Wings entire, often long.

CERURA SCHR. Hcrpya Hiibn.

Body stout, pilose. Proboscis very short. Palpi very short.
Antennas pectinated to the tips, longer than the thorax. Abdomen
extending beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, pilose; hind tibiae
with two minute apical spurs. Wings rather long. Fore wings
almost straight along the costa, rounded at the tips, very oblique
along the exterior border ; anterior angle much rounded ; discal
areolet intersected by a secondary forked vein ; three inferior veins,

second about four times further from the third than from the first.

C. B. M.

1. C. borealis Harris. Furciila Sm. Abb. Figured in Griffith's Kegne
Animal, Smith & Abbot, p. 141, pi. 71.

Antennae feathered in both sexes, but narrow and tapering, and
bent upwards at the point ; the legs, especially the first pair, which
are stretched out before the body when at rest, are very hairy;
wings thin and almost transparent. Ground color, dirty white ;
the fore wings are crossed by two broad blackish bands, the outer
one of which is transversed and interrupted by an irregular wavy
whitish line ; the hinder margins of all the wings are dotted with
black, and there are several black dots at the base and a single one
near the middle of the fore wings ; the top of the thorax is black-
ish, and the collar is edged with black.

United States.

HARRIS.

NOTODONTA. 239

NOTODONTA OCHS.

Body stout. Proboscis distinct, very short. Palpi short, por-
rect, pilose, not extending beyond the head ; third joint very
minute. Abdomen extending for one-third or one-half of its length
beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, femora and tibia? densely
pilose ; hind tibia? with four rather long spurs. Wings somewhat
long, rather narrow or moderately broad. Fore wings nearly
straight hi front, rounded at the tips, very oblique and slightly
denticulated along the exterior border ; interior angle very oblique;
interior border tufted in the middle ; discal areolet intersected by
a secondary forked vein ; three inferior veins, second thrice further
from the third than from the first. Male. Antenna? moderately
pectinated. Female. Antenna? simple.

1. N. angulosa Sm. Alb. Figured in Smith & Abbot, pi. 83.

Male. Crested ; primaries fawn-color, with black flexuous lines
and streaks, back porrect ; secondaries whitish. Female. Prima-
ries fawn-color, with white spots and three luteous bands; second-
aries pale testaceous, with a fuscous subapical costal spot.

Georgia.

C. B. M.

2. N. basistriens Walk. C. B. M. 1000.

Male. Cinereous, hoary beneath. Head, thorax, and fore wings
partly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis testaceous. Antenna?
tawny. Thorax with a slender black band between the fore wings.
Abdomen slightly testaceous. Fore wing, with a testaceous patch,
which occupies the basal third part of the wing, is bordered with
black and has a brownish disk; the adjoining part of the wing has
a whitish tinge, which is widest in front, and beyond it is a slender
undulating oblique brown band, which is obsolete towards the
costa ; the wings beyond are indistinctly mottled. Hind wings
whitish for about two-thirds from the base, with a slight discal un-
dulating grayish band, which corresponds to the band of the fore
wings. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 19 lines.

New York.

C. B. M.

240 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The following are placed by Walker in Doubleclay's genus He-
terocampa, which differs from Notodonta in the deeper pectination
of the antenna? of the males, in the dilation of the fore tibiae, and
in the more slender legs.

1. H. astarte Doublcday, C. B. M. 1023. Figured in- the Entomologist, 57,

pi. f. 1, 2.

Primaries ash-green, with ferruginous transverse streaks and
central crescent ; apex with a white lunate spot.

East Florida.

C. B. M.

2. H. umbrata Walk. C. B. M. 1023.

Ferruginous. Thorax with a black band in front. Fore wings
with several indistinct transverse slightly oblique undulating black-
ish lines. Hind wings hoary, grayish along the border, and with
a slight discal curved grayish baud. Length of the body 9 lines ;
of the wings 20 lines.

East Florida.

C. B. M.

3. H. varia Walk. C. B. M. 1023.

Female. Cinereous. Thorax with blackish marks. Fore wings
with some whitish marks along the costa, with a costal subapical
short oblique whitish baud, and with three discal whitish spots ;
five irregular undulating black double bands. Hind wings pale
gray, with broad brown borders. Length of the border 10 lines;
of the wings 24.

New York.

C. B. M.

4. H. manteo Walk. C. B. M. 1029.

Primaries fuscous-cinereous, with numerous transverse more ob-
scure streaks, a marginal series of black points, a central white
line, in which there is a geminate black point.

New York.

C. B. M.

5. H. biundata Walk. C. B. M. 1025. .

Male. Cinereous. Head, thorax, and fore wings slightly tinged
with green. Pectus, abdomen beneath, and legs, whitish. Fore
wings with some blackish marks at the base, and with a double

EDEMA. 241

undulating blackish band at one-fourth of the length; two slight
oblique and undulating brown bands beyond the middle, and to-
wards the exterior border a more oblique and undulating band of
blackish spots ; under side grayish, whitish about the borders.
Hind wings brownish, whitish towards the base and beneath.
Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 20.
New York.

WALKER, C. B. M.

6. H. ipomaeae Doubleday, Entomologist, 60.

Primaries fusco-ferruginous, sprinkled with cinereous, an indis-
tinct middle band, a stigma pupilled with ashy-ferruginous, veins
towards the apex black.

Florida.

WALKER, C. B. M.

EDEMA WALK.

Body moderately stout. Proboscis short. Palpi slender, pubes-
cent, extending beyond the head ; second joint more than twice the
length of the first ; third lanceolate, nearly half the length of the
second. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs
slender; hind tibise with four long apical spurs. Wings mode-
rately broad. Fore wings straight along the costa/almost angular
at the tips; exterior border oblique and slightly convex; three in-
ferior veins; first and second contiguous at the base; third remote.
Male. Palpi ascending. Antenna? minutely pectinated to beyond
five-sixths of the length, more than half the length of the body.
Female. Palpi porrect, shorter than those of the male. Antennae
simple, less than half the length of the body.

1. E. unicornis Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. II, pi. 83.

Anteriors, light brown, variegated with patches of greenish-
white and with wavy dark brown lines, two of which inclose a small
whitish space near the shoulders; there is a short blackish mark
near the middle; the tip and outer hind margin are whitish, tinged
with red in the males ; and near the outer hind angle there are one
small spot and two black dashes ; posterior wings of the male are
dirty white, with a dusky spot on the inner hind angle ; those of
the female are sometimes entirely dusky; body brownish — two
16

242 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

narrow black bands across the forepart of the thorax. Wings ex-
pand one and a quarter to one and a half inches.

Larva. The top of the fourth riug rises in the form of a long
horn, sloping forwards a little ; the tail, with the hindmost feet,
which are rather longer than the others, is always raised when the
larva is at rest, but it generally uses these legs in walking; head
large, brown; sides of the second and third ring, green; rest of the
body brown, variegated with white on the back — a few short hairs
hardly visible.

United States.

HARRIS.

2. B. concinna Sm. Abbott. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 85.

Color, light brown; forewings dark brown along the inner mar-
gin are more or less tinged with gray before; a dark brown dot
near the middle, a spot of the same color near each angle, a very
small triangular whitish spot near the shoulders, and several dark
brown longitudinal streaks on the outer hind margin ; the hind
wings of the male are brownish or dirty white, with a brown spot
on the inner hind angle ; those of the female are dusky brown ;
body light brown, with the thorax rather darker. Expands from
one to one and three-eighth inch.

Larva. Yellowish brown, paler on the sides, striped with
slender black lines ; head red ; on the top of the fourth ring there
is a hump, also red ; along the back, several short black prickles ;
hinder extremity tapering, and is always elevated at an angle with
the rest of the body, when not crawling.

United States.

HARRIS,

3. E. albifrons Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 80.

Male. Hoary. Palpi brown above. Thorax with a tawny band
near the fore border. Forewings with various small brown marks,
white along the costa for half the length from the tips ; the outline
of this white part is very irregular, and the adjoining part of the
wing behind it is dark brown ; a row of short undulating blackish
streaks along the exterior border. Length of the body six lines,
of the wings fifteen lines.

Female. Cinereous. Fore wings thinly covered with black
flecks ; a brown zigzag band at a little before one-third- of the
length, and extending from the costa to rather beyond half the
breadth of the wing ; a large white patch on the fore half of the

ICHTHYURA.

breadth of the wing between the first band and a second, which is
brown, oblique, complete and slightly undulating ; beyond the
latter there are two slight whitish oblique bands, the first incom-
plete, the second marginal and intersected by a blackish band.
Hind wings pale brown, partially and very thinly flecked with
brown, with a brown discal spot, and with a brown oblique slightly
undulating band, which is composed of flecks, and corresponds to
the second brown band of the fore wings. Length seven lines —
wings twenty lines.

United States.

WALKER, C. B. M.

4. E. producta Walk. C. B. M. 1031.

Male and Female. Cinereous. Palpi above blackish-brown.
Antenna? brown. Thorax with two brown bands. Legs whitish ;
fore legs above blackish-brown. Fore wings slightly mottled with
brown, and with two irregular black slender bands ; the first emit-
ting a branch from its middle towards the base of the wing ; the
second emitting two branches to the fore part of the exterior bor-
der; a white apical spot, a whitish spot at the base and some black
streaks along the exterior border. Hind wings brown, with a
whitish fringe ; under side whitish, with two or three bands of
brown dots. Length of the body 5 — 6 lines ; of the wings 11 — 12
lines.

East Florida.

C. B. M.

ICHTHYURA HUBN. Pygaera Ochs. Clostera Hoffmansegg.

Body moderately stout. Proboscis very short. Palpi short,
porrect, not extending as far as the head ; third joint, small, coni-
cal. Antenna? less than half the length of the body. Abdomen
extending for about one-third of its length beyond the hind wings,
tufted at the tip. Legs stout ; fore tibia? very densely pilose ;
hind tibiae with small apical spurs. Wings moderately broad.
For^ wings straight along the costa, rounded at the tips, slightly
oblique along the exterior border ; interior angle much rounded ;
discal areolet intersected by a secondary vein ; three inferior veins,
second nearly contiguous to the first, rather remote from the third.
Male. Antenna? rather deeply pectinated. Female. Antenna? mi-
nutely pectinated.

244 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. I. inclusa Hiibner.t I. anastomosis Sm. Abb. /. americana Har.

Antennae pectinated in both sexes ; the thorax has an elevated
crest in the middle ; tail tufted and turned up at the end in the
males ; the fore legs thickly covered with hairs to the end, and are
stretched out before the body when at rest ; color brownish-gray ;
fore wings faintly tinged with pale lilac, and more or less clouded
with rust-red ; they have an irregular row of blackish dots near
the outer hind margin, and are crossed by three whitish lines, of
which the first nearest the shoulders is broken and widely separated
in the middle; the second divides into two branches, one of which
goes straight across the wing to the inner margin, and the other
passes obliquely till it meets the end of the third line, with which
it forms an angle or letter V ; across the middle of the hind wings
there is a narrow brownish band, much more distinct beneath than
above ; on the top of the thorax there is an oblong chestnut-
colored spot, the hairs of which rise upwards behind and form a
crest. All the whitish lines on the fore wings are more or less
bounded externally with rust-red. It expands from one inch and

one quarter to one inch and five-eighths.

WALKER. •

2. I. albosigma Fitch. Fifth Report, p. 64.

Grayish-brown ; fore wings crossed by three faint paler streaks,
the two first parallel, the hind one with its outer half silvery white
and strongly waved in the«ehape of the letter S ; width 1.50.

United States.

FITCH.

3. I. vau Fitch. Fifth Report, p. 65.

Similar to inclusa, but darker colored and smaller, with the
bands more slender and distinct, and may be readily distinguished
from that species by its having the first band not dislocated but in
its middle strongly curved backwards, the apex of the curve usually
forming an acute point. The last band also is much more strongly
undulated near its outer end, curving backwards almost in a |emi-
circle, and is of a much more vivid white color and broadly bor-
dered on its hind side with bright rust-red. Its hind wings also
are destitute of the paler band across their middle width about
1.20.

United States.

FITCH.

EUDRYAS. 245

KUDRYAS HiiBN.

Wing structure similar to that of the Noctuina. In the hind
wings the costal and subcostal veins do not run adjacent and parallel
to each other, as is usual amongst the genera of the family, but arise
from a short, common stalk. In the fore wings the structure is
precisely that of the Noctuina, showing the secondary or subcostal
cell, and the subdivision of the nervules characteristic of this group.

The head is smooth, rather short, with ocelli. The antennae
setaceous, minutely ciliated. The labial palpi slightly ascending,
but little exceeding the clypeus, smooth, rather thick; middle and
basal joints nearly equal, the terminal minute and ovoid. Tongue
rather slender, and about as long as the anterior coxse.

Thorax and basal segment of the abdomen tufted. Breast
woolly. Abdomen smooth. Legs tufted ; fore legs especially,
which have a large globose tarsal tuft, one on the tibiae and one
on the COXEB. In repose, the fore legs are held in advance.

1. E. grata Fab. Ent. Syst. Ill, 457.

Fore wings pure white, with a broad stripe along the front edge,
extending from the shoulder a little beyond the middle of the edge
and a broad band around the outer hind margin, of a deep purple
brown color; the band is edged intern'ally with olive green and
marked towards the edge with a slender wavy white line ; near the
middle of the wing and touching the brown stripe, are two brown
spots, one of them round and the other kidney-shaped ; and on the
middle of the inner margin there is a large triangular olive-colored
spot ; the under side of the same wings is yellow, and near the
middle there is a round and kidney- shaped black spot. The hind
wings are yellow above and beneath ; on the upper side with a
broad purple-brown hind border, on which there is a little wavy
white line, and on the under side with only a central black dot.
Head black. Along the middle of the thorax, a broad stripe of
black and pearl-colored glittering scales. Shoulder covers white.
Upper side of the abdomen is yellow, with a row of black spots on
the top, and another on each side ; under side and the large muff-
like tufts on the fore legs, are white ; other legs, black.

246 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Larva. Blue, transversely banded with deep orange across the
middle of each -ring; bands dotted with" black; head and feet
orange ; top of the llth ring somewhat bulging, and the forepart
of the body hunched up when at rest. Feeds on the grape.

United States.

HARRIS.

2. E. unio Hiibner.

Smaller than E. grata ; differs in having the stripe and band on
its fore wings of a brighter purple brown color, the round and
kidney-shaped spots contiguous to the former also brown, the
olive-colored edging of the band wavy with a powdered blue spot
between it and the triangular olive-colored spot on the inner
margin, and a distinct brown spot on the inner hind angle of the
posterior wings ; all the wings beneath are broadly bordered behind
with light brown, and the spots upon them are also light brown.

United States. •

HARRIS.

DATANA WALK.

Body rather stout, pilose; hairs rather smooth. Proboscis short,
not exceeding the breadth of the head. Palpi short, porrect, not
extending beyond the head ; second joint very much longer than
the first; third acute, very minute. Thorax somewhat convex.
Abdomen extending for one-fourth of its length beyond the hind
wings. Legs stout, pilose ; hind tibiae with four rather long spurs.
Wings broad or rather broad. Fore wings nearly straight along
the costa, hardly angular at the tips ; exterior border more or less
oblique ; three inferior veins ; first and second united at the base ;
third rather remote. Male. Antennas minutely pectinated ; the
branches successively but very slightly decreasing iu length.
Female. Antennae minutely serrated.

1. D. ministra Drury. Figured in Drury, pi. 14. Sm. Abb. pi. 81.

Luteous-tawny. Thorax rather darker towards the hind part,
which is pale testaceous. Pectus, abdomen and legs pale testa-
ceous. Fore wings tawny, with four slender ferruginous bands ;
first band at one-fourth of the length, curved outward ; second,

DATANA. 247

third and fourth bauds oblique ; second curved backward towards
the costa, beyond the distal spot or spots, the space between it
and the first a little darker than the wing elsewhere ; third and
fourth bauds very slightly uudulating ; a more or less distinct
streak between them, very near to the fourth ; under side without
bands. Hind wings a little paler than the fore wings ; under side
,pale testaceous. Male. Fore wings with one discal brown spot.
Female. Fore wings with two discal brown spots, the outer one
larger than the other. Length of the body 10 lines ; of the wings
26—27 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

2. D. contracta Walk. C. B. M. 1062.

Much resembling the preceding species, but with narrower fore
wings. Luteous-tawny. Thorax brown towards the hind part,
which is whitish testaceous. Pectus, abdomen and legs testaceous.
Fore wings tawny, whitish testaceous about the base and along the
outer side of the second, third and fourth bands; four slender brown
bands ; first much like that in D. ministra, but rather less convex;
second more oblique, more retracted towards the costa, and nearer
the first on the hind border ; third and fourth also rather more
oblique than in the preceding species ; cilia brownish. Hind wings
whitish, with testaceous borders. Length of the body 7 lines ; of
the wings 19 lines.

North America.

WALKER.

3. D. ? anguina Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 84.

Female. Pale luteous ; thorax cinereous ; abdomen and secon-
daries fawn color ; primaries subferruginous, spotted with black ;
band and exterior margin whitish, base pale luteous.

Georgia.

Sm. Abb.

4. D.? aurora Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 87.

Yellow ; thorax rosy before ; abdomen rosy at the apex ; prima-
ries rosy at the base and margin ; secondaries of the male rosy, of
the female white.

Georgia.

Sm. Abb.

248 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

NADATA WALKER.

Body moderately stout, pilose ; hairs rather smooth. Proboscis
distinct, shorter than the breadth of the head. Palpi porrect,
rather slender, not extending beyond the head ; second joint full
twice the length of the first ; third minute conical. Thorax highly
crested ; the crest terminating in an acute cone. Legs rather
slender, pilose ; hind tibiae with four long spurs. Wings rather
broad. Fore wings with slight undulations along the exterior
border, slightly acute at the tips; three inferior veins; first and
second connected at the base ; third rather remote. Male. An-
tennae moderately pectinated, more than half the length of the
body. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Fore
wings almost straight along the costa, exterior border less oblique
than in the female. Female. Third joint of the palpi more acute
than in the male. Antennas simple, hardly more than half the
length of the body. Abdomen extending for one-fourth of its
length beyond the hind wings. Fore wings slightly convex along
the costa.

1. N. gibbosa Sm. Abb. Figured in Sin. Abb. pi. 82.

Tawny, whitish testaceous beneath. Fore wings very minutely
covered with ferruginous flecks ; a slightly oblique ferruginous
band at one-third of the length, and another more oblique, at a
little beyond two-thirds of the length ; the outer border of the
latter is more or less paler than the rest of the wing ; two white
discal dots, one behind the other, exterior border with whitish
marks. Hind wings testaceous, whitish towards the costa, and
with a slender indistinct tawny somewhat undulating discal band ;
exterior margin slightly tawny. Length of the body t|- — 10 lines;
of the wings 20 — 24 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

FAM. ARCTLLDAE HERR.-SCHAEF. Chelonides Boisd.

Stature robust ; ocelli conspicuous ; maxillae short sub-
membranaceous, sometimes obsolete. Antennas moderate,

ORGY A. 249

of the female, when not nearly obsolete, bipectinate or
ciliate, sometimes serrate or simple. Palpi small, pilose,
often triarticulate. Abdomen stout, maculate. Wings en-
tire, deflexed, variegated in color. Frenulum conspicuous.
Larvce with coarse, hairs, growing in clusters or tufts from
the tubercles in transverse rows on the body.

ORGYA Ocns.

Male. Body slender. Proboscis very short. Palpi short, stout,
very hairy ; third joint very small. Antennae very deeply pecti-
nated. Legs slender ; hind tibise with two rather short apical
spurs, or with four moderately long spurs. Wings broad. Fore
wings with the first, second and third inferior veins near together.
Hind wings extending beyond the abdomen.

1. O. leucostigma Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 79.

The males have large ashen-gray wings, crossed by wavy darker
bands on the upper pair, on which, moreover, is a small black spot
near the tip, and a minute white crescent near the outer hind angle.
The body of the male is small and slender, with a row of little tufts
along the back, and the wings expand one inch and three-eighths.
The females are of a lighter gray color than the males, their bodies
are very thick, and of an oblong oval shape, and, though seemingly
wingless, upon close examination two little scales, or stinted wing-
lets, can be discovered on each shoulder.

Larva of a bright yellow color, sparingly clothed with long and
fine yellow hairs on the sides of the body, and having four short
and thick brush-like yellowish tufts on the back, that is on the
fourth and three following rings, two long black plumes or pencils
extending forwards from the first ring, and a single plume on top
of the eleventh ring. The head, and the two little retractile warts
on the ninth and tenth rings are coral red ; there is a narrow black
or brownish stripe along the top of the back, and a wider dusky
stripe on each side of the body.

United States.

HARRIS.

2. O. antiqua Linn. Figured in most European works.

The male is of a rust-brown color, the fore wings are crossed
by two deeper brown wavy streaks, and have a white crescent near

250 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

the hind angle. They expand about one inch and one-eighth.
The female is gray, and wingless, or with only two minute scales
on each side in the place of wings, and exactly resembles in shape
the female of the foregoing species. The larva is yellow on the
back, on which are four short square brush-like yellow tufts ; the
sides are dusky and spotted with red ; there are two long black
pencils or plumes on the first ring, one on each side of the fifth
ring, and one on top of the eleventh ring ; the head is black ; and
the retractile warts on top of the ninth and tenth rings are red.

United States and Europe.

HARRIS.

3. O. leucographa Walk. C. B. M.

Male. Obscurely fuscous ; primaries paler, with a sub-basal
streak, a costal ante-apical spot, two bands, the first wide before
the middle, the second arcuate dark fuscous, and a white posterior
spot. Female. Apterous.

Georgia.

WALKER.

4. O. vetusta Boisd. Am. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 322.

Primaries fuscous, a paler band at the base and a white anal
spot ; secondaries fusco-rufesceut.

California.

BOISD.

APANTESIS WALKER.

Female. Body fusiform, clothed with close smooth hairs. Head
small. Head and thorax clothed with short hairs, lying close and
smooth. Proboscis short. Palpi hairy, porrect ; third joint coni-
cal, small. Antennae minutely pectinated. Abdomen with very
short hairs, extending to one-third of its length beyond the hind
wings. Fore wings narrow, subfusiform, slightly convex along
the costa ; outer border slightly oblique and convex ; Kind angle
very obtuse and much rounded ; first, second and third inferior
veins very near together at the base ; fourth twice further from the
third than the third from the first. Hind wings rather broader
than the fore wings and hardly two-thirds of the length. Legs
moderately stout ; hind tibiae with four spurs of middling length.

DEIOPEIA. 251

1. A. radians Walk. C. B. M. 632.

female. Dark brown. Head clothed above with luteous hairs.
Proboscis testaceous. Antennae black. Thorax in front luteous
.with two brown stripes ; middle part with two luteous stripes.
Abdomen above testaceous towards the base and with two luteous
stripes. Fore wings with testaceous borders, excepting the apical
third part of the costal margin ; a discal testaceous streak, extend-
ing from the base along one-fourth of the length of the wing, forked
at its tip. Hind wings red towards the base ; the outline of the
red part very angular. Fore femora with a luteous spot on each.
Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Georgia.

WALKER.

DEIOPEIA CUKT. Eyprepia Ochs. Euchelia Boisd. %

Palpi elongate, above recurved subsquamous ; first article stout,
second long ; third short, ovate. Maxillas much longer than the
head. Antennas simple in both sexes, rather short, those of the
male subpilose below. Primaries oblong, subelliptic, truncated ;
secondaries subdiaphanous, strongly plicate. Legs moderate ;
tibiae very short, hind tibise with four spurs at the apex.

1. D. bella Linn. Figured in Cram. Pop. Exot. II, 20, 109. Drury I, pi.

24. Nat. Lib. vol. XXXVII, pi. 24.

Primaries fine yellow, traversed with several irregular white
bands, with a series of black dots in each and a regular row of
black dots on the outer margin ; fringe pure white. Secondaries
scarlet, irregularly margined with black behind ; fringe white,
thorax nearly white, spotted with black ; abdomen whitish ; an-
tennas black, naked, setaceous.

Expands from an inch and a half to an inch and three-quarters.

United States.

HARRIS.

2. D. aurea Fitch.

Fore wings bright marigold yellow, with four bands of round
pale sulphur-yellow spots upon a brilliant steel blue ground, the
hindmost band almost upon the apex, its outer half abruptly
widened and slightly united with the third band, which is the
broadest and towards its outer end is abruptly narrowed and

252 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

almost interrupted. Its hind wings are transparent, with a dusky
margin and blackish veins. Width one inch.
Georgia.

FITCH.

FAM. LITHOSIIDAE STEPH. Lithosina Her.-Schaef.

Body slender, elongate, no ocelli. Proboscis often longer
than the head. Palpi not extending beyond the head, cylin-
drical, third article shorter than the second or not longer.
Antennae usually ciliate or simple. Thorax not crested.
Abdomen not extending beyond the wings or very little.
Wings often subelliptical ; primaries narrow, with, rounded
apex ; secondaries often twice as wide as the primaries.
Frenulum conspicuous. Color yellow or gray, seldom black,
Sometimes with cross bands or rows of black points, occa-
sionally confluent. In repose, the primaries are plicate ; the
secondaries folded close to the abdomen. Larvce herbivo-
rous, usually with hairy tubercles. Pupae, very short, with
segments immovable.

EUSTIXIA WALKER.

Male. Body moderately long and wide. Palpi short. Antennas
setaceous, simple. Abdomen extending a little beyond the secon-
daries. Feet slender ; wings not long ; primaries nearly straight
on the costal edge, oblique at the apical margin, the posterior
angle subrotund.

1. E. pupula Hiibner.

Male. Brownish-black, below whitish ; wings whitish ; prima-
ries with four bands, secondaries with two, composed of black
spots.

United States.

WALKER, C. B. M.

EUBOPHE HUBNEB.

Male. Body slender. Palpi short. Antenna? slender, setaceous,
simple, a little shorter than the body. Abdomen extending a
little beyond the secondaries. Feet slender. Wings narrow,

MIOZA. 253

rather long ; primaries oblique at the apical margin ; secondaries
rounded, not angulate.

1. E. aurantiaca Hiibner.

Orange ; secondaries paler towards the base.

United States.

HiiBN.

MlttZA WALKER.

Body slender, rather short. Palpi straight, slender, a little
shorter than the head ; third joint linear, conical at the tip, a little
shorter than the second. Antennae slender, setaceous, very mi-
nutely pubescent. Abdomen extending as far as or a little beyond
the hind wings. Legs slender ; hind tibiae with four long spurs.
Wings long, narrow. Fore wings very slightly convex in front,
conical at the tips, with a somewhat rounded angle behind ; the
three inferior veins approximate at the base. Hind wings with
four inferior veins ; third approximate at the base, fourth remote.

1. M. igninix Walk.

Pale red or saffron-color. Head white above, pale red on the
vertex. Palpi with black tips. Antennae black. Thorax white,
with six black spots, one on the disk, two on each side, and one
on the scutellum. Fore tibiae and fore tarsi brown. Fore wings
above white with black streaks on one-third of the breadth from
the costa and on one-third of the length from the tips ; in the rest
of the wing there are five elongated black spots, two before the
middle and three beyond the middle. Length of the body 3 — 3J
lines; of the wings 10 — 11 lines.

St. John's Bluff, E. Florida.

WALKER, C. B. M.

2. M. subfervens Walk.

Male. Pale red or saffron-color. Head and thorax white above.
Antennae white towards the base. Fore wings white above with
many elongate brown points, and with two oblique bands of browp^"
dots, one at one-fourth of the length, the other before two-thirds
of the length. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

United States.

WALKER, C. B. M.

254 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

3. M. ? pupula Hubner.

Orange; thorax white; primaries above marked with black,
pale green, subroseous towards the apex.

United States.

WALKER, C. B. M.

PITANE WALKER.

Male. Body linear, moderately long and stout. Palpi pilose,
very short ; third joint very small. Antennae moderately deeply
pectinated, little more than half the length of the body. Abdo-
men not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs rather stout ;
hind tibia? with four long spurs. Wings moderately broad, not
long ; fore wings straight along the costa, slightly oblique at the
tips ; hind angle somewhat rounded.

1. P.? mediastina Hubner.

Male. Black ; disk of the thorax and abdomen at the end, lute-
ous ; primaries with a clavate postmedian band and seven white
bands ; secondaries luteous with a band and margins black.

Georgia.

WALKER, C. M. M.

CISTHENE WALKER.

Male. Body rather short, moderately stout. Palpi much shorter
than the head ; third joint conical, acuminated, less than half the
length of the second. Antenna? stout, setose, setaceous, rather
more than half the length of the body. Abdomen not extending
so far as the hind wings ; tip forcipated. Legs moderately stout;
hind tibiae with four rather long spurs. Wings moderately broad,
not long. Fore wings very slightly convex in front, oblique at
the tips, rounded and not angular behind ; third inferior vein full
twice further from the second than the second from the first;
fourth nearly twice further from the third than the third from the
second.

1. C. subjecta Walk.

Rose-color. Head black, rosy about the eyes. Palpi and an-
tennae black. Proboscis testaceous. Thorax with a black disk.

CROCOTA. 255

Legs mostly whitish, partly brown. Fore wings aeneous gray,
with a fusiform rosy streak beyond the middle of the costa, and
with a rosy discal stripe along more than half the length from the
base, dilated and joining the hind border at each end. Apical
third part of the hind wings aeneous gray. Length of the body
2J — 2| lines ; of the wings T — 8 lines.

Var. a. Costal streak of primaries wanting, discal .stripe ap-
pearing only at its tip.

Var. b. Discal stripe of primaries replaced by a slender streak,
which extends along the hind border and is slightly dilated at the
tip.

United States.

WALKER.

CROCOTA HUBNER.

Male and Female. Body moderately stout, not long. Palpi
stout, porrect, pubescent, as long as the head ; third joint slender,
acuminated, not half the length of the second. Antennas setaceous,
slightly setose, rather stout, hardly or not more than half the
length of the body. Abdomen not extending so far as the hind
wings. Legs rather slender ; hind tibia? with four long spurs.
Wings rather broad, not long. Primaries very slightly convex in
front, slightly angular at the tips, oblique along the apical border,
indistinctly angular behind ; first, second and third inferior veins
approximate at the base ; fourth remote from the third..

1. C. ferruginosa Walk.

Ferruginous, paler beneath. Abdomen pale ferruginous, with a
row of dorsal black dots. Secondaries pale ferruginous, with a
blackish dot in the disk and two or three blackish spots along the
border. Length of the body 3^ — 4 lines; of the wings 10 — 11
lines.

Hudson's Bay.

WALKER.

2. C. brevicornis Walk.

Fawn color, or luteous fawn color. AntennaB black, short.
Abdomen rose-color. Primaries rosy beneath. Secondaries rose-
color, with an indistinct and sometimes quite obsolete brown stripe

256 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

on the hiud border, and a brown dot in the disk. Length of the
body 2| — 3Jr lines ; of the wings 8 — 10 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

3. C. rubicundaria Eiibner.

Fulvous; wings sometimes with a discal fuscous spot; seconda-
ries rufous, margined with black.

Var. a. Primaries tawny, with a slight brown dot in the disk.
Secondaries red with a black discal spot and a broad black hind
border.

Var. b. Secondaries partly red on the hind border.

Var. c. All the wings without discal spots.

Massachusetts.

WALKER.

GNOPHRIA STEPH. Setina Schr. Atolmis Hiibner.

Palpi moderate, recurved, subsquamous ; maxillas as long as the
antennas ; antennas simple ; of the male, setaceous. Primaries
narrow, of nearly equal breadth ; secondaries opaque. Feet short,
rather robust ; tibiae short, robust, hind tibiaa with four spurs.

1. G. vittata Harris, Lithosia miniata Kirby.

Deep scarlet ; primaries with two broad stripes and a short
stripe between them at the tip, of a lead color ; secondaries with
a very broad lead-colored border behind ; the middle of the abdo-
men and joints of the legs of the same color.

Larva feeds on lichens, and may be found under loose stones in
the fields in the spring. It is dusky and thinly covered with stiff,
sharp, and barbed black bristles, which grow singly from small
warts. Early in May it makes its cocoon, which is very thin and
silky, and'twenty days afterwards is transformed to a moth.

HARRIS.

DASYCHIRA STEPH. Orgyia Ochs.

Body generally stout. Palpi porrect, pilose, extending very
little beyond the head ; first joint short ; third slender. Abdomen
not or hardly extending beyond the hind wings. Legs stout ; fore
legs with very long hairs ; hind tibias with four moderately long

LAGOA. 25 7

spurs. Wings moderately broad, generally rather long. Fore
wings slightly convex along the costa, hardly angular at the tips,
oblique along the exterior border; interior angle more or less
rounded ; first and second inferior veins nearly contiguous. An-
tennae of the male deeply pectinated ; of. the female, minutely.
Female winged.

1. D. achatina Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 77.

Crested ; primaries cinereous, with a white streak before, inter-
sected behind with a black arc terminating in an angular white
point.

Georgia.

WALKER.

2. D. rossii Curtis.

Transparent gray. Fore wings with two blackish waved lines,
forming a fascia across the middle, with a spot between them and
a sinuated, abbreviated band beyond them. Hind wings cream-
color, ochreous along the hind border, with a broad blackish
margin.

Arctic America.

WALKER.

LAGOA WALKER.

Male. Body stout, short, very pilose. Proboscis obsolete.
Palpi very short. Antennae deeply pectinated, rather less than
half the length of the body. Abdomen extending a little beyond
the hind wings. Legs stout, thickly clothed with long hairs ; hind
tibiae with short apical spurs. Fore wings moderately broad, not
long, straight along the costa, rounded at the tips ; second infe-
rior vein as far from the first as from the third; fourth proceeding

from the base of the wing.

1. L. operctilaris Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 53.

Male. Pale luteous. Head whitish on the vertex, brown in
front. Antennae white ; branches brown, with white tips. Ab-
domen and hind wings testaceous. Legs partly clothed with
17

2r>8 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

whitish hairs ; tarsi black. Fore wings woolly, especially towards
the base. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 13 lines.

Georgia.

WALKER.

2. L. pyxidifera Sm. Abb. Figured in Sin. Abb. pi. 54.

Testaceous ; primaries with some fuscous and black flexnous
discal streaks.

Georgia.

WALKEB.

APPENDIX.

BY BRECKENRIDGE CLEMENS.

SPHINGINA (IN PART).
FAM. ZYGAENIDAE.

The present family, together with Grlaucopididae, JEyerudne
and SphiiKjidae, form the great group known as Sphingina.
Lithosides forms another group of families, and should precede
the family Arctiidae.

I am convinced that the limit of the family under consi-
deration is much more restricted than is usually represented.
It is made to include a variety of incongruent forms, which
it is extremely difficult to unite under a common and satis-
factory definition. And hence it may be, that the diagnoses
to which I have had access are indefinite, and that the cha-
racters drawn from the most important parts of structure are
modified by numerous exceptions. The family is therefore
restricted here to two genera, one of which displays some of
the characters of the succeeding family group.

In the fore wings the subcostal vein at its posterior end
is curved downward so as to form, in connection with the
median vein, a fusiform disk, and gives rise to Jive nervules,
two of ivlrich run to the costa, one to the tip, and two to the hind
margin beneath the tip. In Zygaena} the subcostal vein is not
attenuated at the posterior end giving rise to the two lower
nervules, but in Procris? (Clem.) it is attenuated from the
third subcostal branch. The discal vein is short, angulated
and rather attenuated, and receives the discal fold at its
angle. The median vein is 4 branched and curves upward
from the origin of the posterior branch. The fold of the
wing is thickened and the submedian is simple.

In the hind wings the subcostal branch is bifid, the lower
branch being angulated at its base, and from the angle arises
an angulated, more or less oblique discal vein which receives
the discal fold. The median vein is 4-branched and curves
upward from the posterior branch. Procris ? (Clem.) is with-

260 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

out a costal vein, and Zygaena has a costal vein bifid at the
base, and is connected with the subcostal by an intercostal
branch.

The antennae are fusiform, sometimes pectinated, with
branches shorter in the 9 than in the J*. The palpi are
short, cylindrical and hairy, or very short, almost rudimental.
The tongue is as long as the thorax beneath or almost want-
ing. Flight of the imago diurnal.

ZYGAENA FABR.
Anthrocera Scop. Intr. Hist. Nat. I, 414 ; Steph. ; Westw.

Fore wings rather narrow ar.d elongated ; their length exceeds
that of the body somewhat ; the tip of the wing is rounded and
the hind margin obliquely rounded ; the inner angle rounded and
nearly opposite the middle of the costa. The subcostal nervure,
or vein, and the median are adjacent in the basal third of the wing
and diverge thence to form a markedly fusiform disk placed above
the middle of the wing, and which reaches to the apical third.
There are five subcostal nervules, the first arising near the middle
of the disk, and the two others adjacent to each other at the pos-
terior-superior angle of the disk; the third nervule, viz., the apical,
is bifid from its middle, and from its origin the subcostal curves
downward throwing off two nervules to the hind margin. The
discal vein is short and angulated, and receives the discal fold.
The median nervure is 4-branched, and curves upward from the
medio-posterior branch, which arises at a point about midway be-
tween the first and second subcostal branches, to join the discal at
the angle which receives the discal fold. The fold of the wing is
thickened, and the submedian nervure is simple.

The hind wings are somewhat more than one-half the length of
the fore wings ; irregularly ovate, dilated at the inner angle. The
disk is broad, irregularly fusiform, and extends to the apical third
of the wing. The costal nervure is bifid at the base of the wing,
and is connected with the subcostal at its middle by a minute
intercostal branch; from this point the subcostal departs obliquely
and divides into two branches at the end of the disk, the lower one
being angulated. An oblique angulated discal nervure at the
angle of the lower branch, receives the discal fold. The median is
4-branched, curving upward to join the discal from the origin of
the posterior nervule.

PROCR1S. 261

Fore wings marked with spots or blotches.

Head and face pilose ; without ocelli. Eyes rather large, round.
Antennae claviforin, one-third less long than the fore wings, the
tip without hairs or seta. Palpi short, scarcely ascending beyond
the front, cylindrico-conical, pilose beneath, acute. Tongue cor-
neous, and about as long as the thorax beneath.

Body moderately stout, hairy ; the fore wings when closed ex-
tending beyond the tip of the abdomen. Legs slender ; tarsi
roughened with spines. The fore tibia? with a rather long inter-
nal spine; the tibia? of the posterior legs with four very small
spines.

Larva fat, contracted, subcylindrical, slightly pubescent. Pupa
inclosed in a tough cocoon, pointed at both ends. The larva? feed
exclusively on papilionaceous plants.

1. Z. onobrychis Fabr. Walker 96-7. Var. 1.

Fore wings shining blue, with six yellow spots margined with
white, the posterior one red and sernilunar. Hind wings yellow.

Georgia.

WALKER.

PROCRIS? FABK.

Fore wings somewhat fusiform. The subcostal vein with two
distinct, rather long marginal nervules, with apical vein simple,
with two disco-central nervules. The median 4-branched, the
medio-posterior opposite the first marginal nervule and the two
upper branches on the line of the discal vein, which is straight.
The fold of the wing is thickened from the base to the tip. Sub-
median simple. Hind wings not as broad as the fore wings at
their broadest part, ovate. The subcostal vein is bifid, the lower
branch giving rise to a decided rather oblique discal vein, which is
angulated above the medio-superior nervule, where it receives the
discal fold. Median vein with four, equidistant nervules.

Head moderate, advanced, but without decided neck ; with
rather large ocelli. Face moderate, oblique and projecting tuler-
cularly at the base of the antennas, and in the middle. Eyes small.
Antenna? incrassated at the tip, as long as the thorax beneath, with

262 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

rather deep pectinations in the J1, serrated or minutely pectinated
in the 9. Palpi rudimental, tubercular. Tongue rudiraental.

Body rather thick, short. Patagia rather elevated, consisting
of two transverse plates rounded above, making the prothorax
more than ordinarily wide above. Abdomen ovate, without apical
tuft, less long than the thorax beneath. Legs short and slender ;
fore tibiae unarmed; hind tibiae with two very minute apical spurs.

1. P.? smithsoniana Clemens. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860, 540.

The entire insect is greenish-black ; immaculate.
Texas. Capt. Pope's collection. From the Smithsonian In-
stitution.

FAM. GLAUCOPIDIDAE.

Wings narrow, often limpid or with limpid spots. Fore
wings equal in length to that of the body. Htnd wings
short, scarcely more than half as long as the fore wings,
rounded, rarely angulated. In the fore wings the subcostal

\/ o

vein is only slightly arcuate from the base to the tip of the
wing and subdivides into five or six branches, the two first
of which, sometimes contiguous and sometimes separated,
run to the costa. The origin of the discal and subcosto-
inferior nervule is a common one, and the marginal nervules
arise contiguous to each other and interior to it, or one inte-
rior and the other exterior. After the origin of these, the
subcostal continues to the tip of the wing, and about midway
subdivides into an apical and post-apical branch, the former
of which is sometimes bifid at its tip. The median is 4-
branched and curves upward from the 2d (medio-inferior);
the 1st (medio-posterior) is separated at its origin from the
others, and is curved. The discal fold is distinct, and the
discal uervure extends nearly across the disk.

The hind wings are without the costal nervure. The sub-
costal is bifid, sometimes sending a nervule to the costa from
the disk. The median is usually likewise bifid, sometimes with
the lower branch forked near its end. In some genera, how-
ever, it is 3-branched. The discal vein is usually much
curved and oblique, usually without a nervule to the hind
margin, but sometimes with a medio-discal nervule, that is,
with one on the side of the median system.

GLAUCOPIS. 263

The antennas are pectinated. Palpi usually curved,
smooth and cylindrical. Tongue moderate, usually as long
as the thorax beneath.

Flight of the imago diurnal.

TABLE OF GENERA.

Hind wings without a discal nervule ;
Median vein of hind wings bifid ;

Wings usually hyaline. GLAUCOPIS.

Median vein of hind wings trifid ;

Subcostal vein with a marginal branch, discal vein vertical.

OKMETICA.

Hind wings with a discal nervule ;

Median vein of hind wings bifid. EDCHROMIA.

Median vein 3-branched. CYANOPLEPLA.

GLAUCOPIS FABR.

Wings most frequently narrow, sometimes ample ; hyaline or
limpid, with black borders or tips, and the veins covered with
scales.

In the fore wings the subcostal nervure subdivides into two
marginal nervules, a bifid apical branch and a post-apical branch ;
the subcosto-inferior branch is usually the only one proceeding from
the disk, when it arises at its posterior-superior angle. Sometimes,
however, the disk emits from four to six nervules(?). The median
nervure is 4-branched. Hind wings without costal nervure. The
subcostal is bifid from the disk, and the discal is without branches
to the hind margin. (?) The median is bifid or bifid with the lower
branch forked near its tip.

Head with ocelli. Antennas most frequently bipectinated.
Palpi moderate, generally ascending, usually longer than the
clypeus.

Body linear, most generally slender, subcylinclrical and more or
less metallic. Patagia small. Legs with the tibia? roughened
with spines.

This genus is of considerable extent, and its limits are very
undecided. I have only a single specimen belonging to it, and

2G4 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

hence cannot venture on making a more definite diagnosis than
that given above. Systematists have divided it, however, into a
number of groups, some of which may prove hereafter to be true
genera, and the subdivision will assist the student in recognizing
individuals.

Group Isantlirene.

Isanthrene Hubner. Verz. Schmett. 125.

Body cylindrical. Palpi rather long ; second joint rather short
and slender. Antennas slightly pectinated beneath, serrated near
the tips. Wings hyaline, more or less bordered with black, and
in some species with a black band on the base of the disk. The
disk emits five veins, discal fold distinct along the whole length.
Abdomen linear. Legs rather stout ; median and apical spines of
the hind tibia? of moderate length. Especially distinguished by

the cylindrical abdomen.

WALKER.

1. G. chalciope Buhner. Samml. Ex. Schmett. 23, 235, f. 469, 470.

Blue Antennae luteous. Abdomen with lateral white dots.
Wings limpid, margined with black. Fore wings with a black
band.

Havana.

WALKEB.

Group Poecilosoma.

Poecilosoma Hilbner. V. S. 126.

Body stout, convex, cylindrical, partly metallic. Antenna?
slender, minutely pectinated to the tips. Wings hyaline, metallic
at the base ; fore wings with black tips ; discal fold distinct.
Legs moderately stout ; median and apical spurs of the hind tibia?

very small.

WALKEB.

1. G. multicincta Walker. C. B. M. 163.

Male. Dark brown, linear, cylindrical, partly covered with blue
scales. Head with some white hairs above and thickly clothed
with white hairs beneath. Palpi white beneath, straight, rather
short ; third joint very small. Antenna? black, moderately deeply

GLAUCOPIS. 265

pectinated. Thorax with two white bands in front, and with a
crimson stripe on each side of the wing ; a few scattered blue
hairs. Breast with white hairs. Wings limpid, rather broad.
Fore wings with black tips and borders, on the latter some blue
scales; a black band across the end of the discal areolet where the
veinlets hardly form an angle ; no trace of the discal fold. Bor-
ders of the hind wings mostly black. Abdomen with two crimson
spots at the base, and with a row of crimson spots along each side;
a slender white band on the hind border of each segment ; under
side white, with short crimson and black bands along the apical
half, and with a tuft of crimson hairs at the tip. Legs brown,
mostly clothed with white ; coxae blue beneath ; fore tibia? with
long spines beneath ; middle and apical spurs of the hind tibia;
rather long. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 1C lines,

St. Domingo.

WALKER.

Group L,aemocliaris.

Laemocharis Boisd. Herr.-Schaeff. Erruca Walker. C. B. M. 165.

Body linear, cylindrical, rather slender. Palpi not rising to
the vertex ; third joint slender, more than half the length of the
second. Antenna? minutely pectinated. Wings moderate, limpid;
fore wings with black tips ; discal fold distinct. Legs slender ;

hind tibiae with four small spurs.

WALKEK.

1. G. pertyl Boisd. Herr.-Schaeff. Lep. Ex. Nov. Ser. I, f. 249.

Black. Head with two white dots. Abdomen with four basal
luteous dots, and two lateral interrupted white stripes. Wings
limpid, margined narrowly with black.

Georgia.

WALKffiR.

Group Cosmosoma.
Cosmosoma Hilbner. Harris, Descr. Cat. N. Amer. Spiting. 37.

Wings mostly hyaline. The subcostal vein of the fore wings
is adjacent to the external margin, with two subcosto-marginal
nervules, one from the disk arising at a point midway between the
origin of the medio-posterior branch and its penultimate, the other
exterior to the disk, midway between it and the origin of the post-

266 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

apical nervule. The apical branch beyond its middle sends off the
post-apical nervule, and near its tip an apical nervulet to the costa.
Median vein 4-branched. Hind wings about half as long as the
fore wings ; without costal vein ; subcostal bifid from the origin of
the discal vein, which is very obliquely inclined towards the base
of the wing and abruptly curved above the median, where it re-
ceives the discal fold. Median vein bifid exterior to the disk, with
the lower branch furcate at the tip.

Head moderate, smooth, neck not distinct; with ocelli. Face
smooth and vertical. Eyes moderately prominent. Antenna?
rather more than half as long as the body, pectinated to the tips
in the g , less so in the ?. Palpi rather stout, carved, exceeding
the face, smooth, but hairy at the base ; basal and middle joints
nearly equal ; terminal small and conical. Tongue equal to the
thorax beneath.

Body scarcely equal in length to the fore wings, rather slender,
nearly linear. Patagia small. Legs moderately stout, smooth ;
fore tibia? with a moderate, concealed spur from the base ; hind

tibia? with four rather small spurs.

CLEMENS.

1. G. omphale Eiibner. sEyeria omphaJe Say, Am. Ent. II, pi. 19, lower fig.

Bright red. Antenna? black, with white tips. Head blue.
Thorax most frequently striped with black. Abdomen with a
black dorsal stripe, and the tip black, varied with blue. Wings
margined with black and with black veins.

Florida ; Mexico near Jalapa.

CLEMENS.

2. G. iinpar Walker. C. B. M. 1G9.

Black. Head bright blue in front. Thorax luteous, which hue
extends over the basal part of the borders of the wings ; an inter-
rupted blue band in front of the thorax. Wings limpid ; a black
stripe extending along the borders, and very broad at the tips of
the fore wings; a large slightly curved black spot at the tip of the
disk. Abdomen luteous at the base, near which are two dorsal
blue spots ; three rows of blue spots at the tip. Legs dark tes-
taceous. Length of body 7 lines ; of the wings 20 lines.

Mexico.

WALKER.

EUCHROMIA. 267

3. G. tyrrhene Hubner. Ex. Schmett. 23, 242, f. 433-4.

Orange-colored. Head blue. Antennas black. Abdomen with
two blue stripes (interrupted in the 9), and the tip blue. Wings
limpid, with the base orange-colored, tip ferruginous. In the
male the fore wings have a discal orange-colored spot.

Jamaica.

WALKER.

Group Marissa.
Marissa Walker. C. B. M. 174.

Body short. Palpi rising above the head; third joint long,
linear, shorter than the second. Antenna? of the male very broadly
pectinated. Wings ample, limpid, with black borders ; fore wings
about twice the length of the hind wings, with the discal fold dis-
tinct. Legs slender; hind tibiie with four minute spurs.

1. G. columbina Fair. Ennomia columbina Hiibn. Ex. Schmett. 8, 15,
f. 9, 10.

Bright red. Antennas black. The disk of the thorax black,
with a white line. Abdomen with a dorsal black stripe, with
transverse white lines. Wings limpid, margined with black ; fore
wings with a spot near the disk and the tip red.

Jamaica.

WALKER.

EUCHROMIA HUBXER.

Wings more or less narrow and elongated, opaque or marked
with a few hyaline or limpid spots. The wing structure and out-
line of the fore wings are more markedly sphingiform than in the
genus Glaucopis. The subcostal vein gives rise to two marginal
branches from the hinder part of the disk to the post-apical branch
midway between the origin of the subcosto-inferior branch and the
tip of the wing ; the subcosto-inferior and discal vein arise from
the subcostal at a common point. There is no disco-central branch.
The median is 4-branched, with the medio-posterior remote from
the other branches. The submedian simple. The hind wings are
rather more than half as long as the fore wing ; without costal
nervure ; subcostal bifid from the origin of the discal, which is
obliquely curved towards the base of the wing and gives rise to

268 LEPIDOPTEEA OF NORTH AMERICA.

a disco-central branch below the middle. The median is two-
branched^) from the insertion of the discal.

Head with ocelli. Antemue of the males most frequently pecti-
nated, sometimes plumose, of the females sometimes subpectinated
or serrated. Palpi of moderate length, sometimes short, generally
curved and cylindrical.

Body rather slender, cylindrical and smooth. Abdomen, with
a prominent tubercle on each side of the basal segment, generally
smooth, sometimes tufted along each side. Legs usually slender
and rather long.

The same uncertainty is connected with the present limits of
this genus as with the preceding one. In general structure, the
species included in it are sometimes allied to the Lithosides and
again to the Bombycidae or to the European genus Syntomis. It
has been divided into a number of groups so as to indicate their
special peculiarities with accuracy.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES.

A. Discal areolet not narrow.

B. Antennae of the J* pectinated or plumose.

C. General structure like that of Syntomis.

D. Abdomen not tufted along each side.

E. Palpi not porrect.

F. Body and wings more or less metallic.

G. Hind tibise not ciliated.

i. Hind wings rounded or hardly angular.
j. Body hardly hairy.
k. Wings unspotted.

I. Wings bright red. lichas.

K. Wings very generally spotted or wholly blackish with green or blue

reflections.

I. Allied to the Lithosides in structure. Antennas pectinated to the
tips. Wings broad. Abdomen rather short, extending very little
beyond the hind border of the hind wings.
m. Abdomen more or less metallic.

n. Hind wings partly red. fastuosa.

nn. Hind wings bluish at the base. bella.

I*. Body narrow, cylindrical. Wings long and narrow, covered with
opaque or limpid spots. Abdomen long, extending for half its
length beyond the hind wings. Resembles Syntomis.

EUCHROMIA. 269

m. Wings with luteous or yellow spots.
n. Fore wings not marked with blue.
o. Abdomen not metallic.
p. Abdomen with many bands.

q. Fore wings with two spots and a streak. ferox.

qq. Fore wings with five dots. ipomaeae.

mm. Wings with white or limpid spots.

0. Hind wings limpid, black margined. fenestrata.
oo. Hind wings with two or more spots.

p. Fore wings with six white spots. vulcanus.

pp. Fore wings with three white spots. subcyanea.

l\ General color black, with golden green stripes or rows of spots. An-
tennae pectinated.

m. Thorax with green streaks and dots.

n. Legs black. iiiterrupta.

I1. Body short. Antennre pectinated. Wings shorter and broader than

preceding groups and opaque.
m. Hind wings with a hyaline stripe.

n. Abdomen banded with yellow. ventralis.

nn. Abdomen with glittering green spots. quadrigutta.

GG. Hind tibise ciliated.

i. Color black. plumipes.

ii. Color pale. pretus.

CC. General structure like that of Bombycidcs.
d. Body not metallic.

f. Wings with various shades of brown and white or fawn color.
y. Hind wings blue.

h. Abdomen luteous. dryas.

gy. Hind wings not blue.
h. Abdomen brown or black.

1. Hind wings not or hardly limpid towards the base.

j. Fore wings with cuneiform marks. Sylvius.

Group Empyreuma.
Empyreuma Hiibner. Verz. Schmett. 120.

Body metallic, rather long, spotted, and scarcely hairy. An-
tennae setaceous, much more than half the length of the body,
thickly and rather deeply pectinated to the tips. "Wings long,
moderately broad, wholly opaque and squamose, not spotted.
Hind wings not angular. Abdomen nearly linear, not petiolated.
Legs stout, not plumose. Tibiae with short spurs. This group
approaches nearest to Zygaena in its form and in the color of its
wings.

270 LEPIDOKTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. E. lichas Fabr. Hiibn. Samml. Ex. Schmett. 12, 21, f. 41, 42.

Black, with shining green reflection. Wings bright red, with a
median green streak and white punctures. Abdomen black, with
two golden bands.

Cuba, St. Domingo.

WALKER.

Group Belemnia.
Belemnia Walker, 211.

Body rather long and narrow. Body and wings brilliantly me-
tallic. Antenna? setaceous, more than half the length of the body,
thickly and rather deeply pectinated to full three-fourths of the
length in the male. Fore wings long, moderately broad, opaque
and squamose, with red or yellow semi-hyaline spots towards the
tips. Hind wings angular on the hind border near the base. Ab-
domen linear, not petiolated. Legs slender, not plumose. Tibia?

with short spurs.

WALKER.

1. E. eryx Fabr. Sphinx inaurata Cram. Pap. Ill, 67, pi. 140, f. E, F.

Wings black. Fore wings golden towards the base, with a
discal spot and the abdomen beneath, blood-red.

In this species the following varieties of color occur: —

Var. a. Head and thorax with gilded or golden green spots.
Fore wings gilded towards the base, with a red spot in the disk.
Abdomen with a cupreous stripe, bright green towards the base
and bright blue towards the tip on each side.

Var. b. Like Var. a. Abdomen with gilded green spots on
each side along the whole length.

Var. c. Spots on the fore wings yellow. Red beneath the ab-
domen extending partly over the sides above on the hinder half.

West Indies, South and Central America.

WALKER.

Group Automalis.
Automalis Walker, 213.

Approaches the Lithosiides in structure. Body more or less
metallic. Third joint of the palpi very short. Antennae pecti-
nated to the tips. Wings broad, opaque, more or less spotted,
metallic at the base. Abdomen rather short, extending very little

EUCHROMIA. 271

beyond the bind wings. Fore tiboa dentate beneath ; middle and

apical spurs of the hind tibia? small.

WALKER.

1. E. fastuosa Walker, 215.

Black. Head, palpi, thorax in front and three dorsal stripes
bright green. Antennas minutely pectinated beneath to the tips.
Fore Avings dark brown, golden green at the base, and with two
bright red spots, one near the base, the other in the middle near
the fore border, the last also appears beneath where there is an-
other spot beyond it. Hind wings deep purplish blue, bright red
along the middle part of the hind border; this red stripe widens in
breadth towards the tip of the wing. Femora and tibias mostly
golden green ; fore coxae and fore tibia? white on one side. Length
of the body 5 — 6 lines ; of the wings 18 — 20 lines.

Jamaica.

WALKER.

2. E. bella Guer. Icon. Reg. An. Ins. Texte, 502.

Shining violet-blue. Antennas black. Wings black. Fore
wings with a yellow streak at the base and a spot in the disk of
the same hue, and a blue streak near the base towards the hind
border.

Mexico.

WALKER.

Group Hippola.
Hippola Walker, 222. Syntomcida ? Harris, N. A. Sphing. 36.

Male. Body cylindrical, slender. Palpi very hairy at the base,
moderately long ; third joint small, conical at the tip, not more
than one-fourth of the length of the second. Antennre rather
deeply plumose. Wings long and narrow, mostly opaque ; discal
areolet-veinlet forming a right angle ; discal fold distinct along
the whole length. Abdomen long, linear ; appendages small.
Legs moderately long ; fore tibias furrowed beneath ; middle and
apical spurs of the hind tibias rather small.

1. E. ferox Walker, 223.

Male. Dark purple. Head with tawny hairs in front and with
a short orange band behind. Palpi with black hairs towards the

272 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

base. Antennae dark blue, white above towards the tips. Thorax
orange with two purple stripes on each side. Fore wings dark
bluish-green, purple along the hind borders, wi'th two small yel-
lowish white spots between the first and third inferior veinlets,
and with a very short yellowish-white streak before the middle of
the discal areolet, and only visible beneath. Hind wings purple,
partly bluish-green, with a broad white streak near the base and
towards the hind border. Abdominal segments above and beneath
with orange bands which are connected on each side ; appendages
testaceous. Legs bluish-purple ; coxae beneath with orange to-
mentum, which also appears, but mnch more slightly, on the
femora. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 22 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

2. E. ipomaeae Harris. Sesia ipomaeae OEmler. Glaucopis (Syntomeida)

ipomaeae Harris, N. A. Sphinx, 36. Var.? E.ferox?

Body tawny orange. Antennae and head black, the latter spot-
ted with orange. Thorax with a broad black stripe on the shoul-
der covers and a t/ransverse spot of the same hue behind/ Fore
wings greenish-black, with three yellowish-white dots near the
front margin and two others close together beyond the middle.
Hind wings violet-black, with a transparent colorless spot at the
base. Abdomen with the incisures black. Legs violet-black ;
coxae beneath and a spot on the thighs orange-colored. Expands
one inch and three-quarters.

Georgia.

HARRIS.

3. E. fenestrata Stoll. Cram. Pap. Exot. V, 140, pi. 30, f. 5. Drury,

Ins. I, 54, pi. 25, f. 3. Westw. ed. Drury, I, 53, pi. 25, f. 3.

Black. Fore wings with two limpid, approximated spots before
the middle of the wing, and behind the middle a short, indented
limpid band curved externally. Hind wings limpid, margined with
black. Feet red.

Jamaica.

WALKER.

Group Emlera.
Endera Walker, 228.

Color partly metallic. Body nearly linear, not broad. Palpi
moderately long ; second joint rather short. Antennas pectinated

EUCHROMIA. 273

to the tips. Wings long, rather narrow, with limpid spots. Hind
wings not angular. Legs rather long and slender; hind til>i;B
with two moderately long spurs; Grst at three-quarters of the
length ; second at the tip.

1. E. vulcanus Walker, 228.

Black, clothed with black hairs. Thorax with a white spot on
each side, and with a white band in the hinder part beneath. Fore
wings with a white dot on each side at the base and with eight
limpid spots; two near the base ; two in the disk, and four forming
a short band nearer the tip. Hind wings with three limpid spots;
two near the base, and one beyond the middle. Abdomen with
two rows of white spots along each side, and with a few red hairs
at the tip. Fore femora clothed with red hairs. Length of the
body 9 lines ; of the wings 24 lines.

Mexico.

WALKER.

2. E. subcyanea Walker, 230.

Black, clothed with black hairs. Fore part of the thorax
blackish-green on each side in some aspects, and with six white
dots, two on each side and two nearer the disk ; a white dot be-
hind the scntellum. Fore wings very narrow, with three large
white hyaline spots which have a slight opaline lustre, and form a
very slightly curved stripe on the disk ; third spot intersected ;
under side brilliant blue towards the base and along the hind
border. Hind wings brilliant blue in front and wholly so beneath,
with three hyaline white spots ; basal spot of moderate size ; the
other two small. Femora and tibiae with blue scales; a white
streak on each of the posterior femora, and a larger one on each
of the fore coxa?. Length of the body 9 ? lines ; of the wings 25
lines.

Mexico.

WALKER.

Group Calonota.
Calonotos JJiibner. Verz. Schmett. 123.

Color partly metallic. Body rather slender. Palpi moderately
long ; second joint small. Antennae pectinated to the tips.
Wings long and narrow. Hind wings not angular. Legs rather
18

274 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

stout; median and apical spurs of the bind tibiae of moderate

length.

WALKER.

1. E. interrupta Walker, 1628.

Male. Black, with a metallic green tinge. Thorax with white
or green marginal dots in front, and with two dorsal streaks of
the same hue. Abdomen with a white dot at the base, and with
interrupted gilded green bands ; under side with two lateral rows
of white spots, which decrease in size hindward. Legs piceous.
Wings black, narrow. Fore wings with four elongated limpid
spots, the hind one of the first pair nearer the base of the wing
than the fore one, which, like the exterior pair is intersected by
the black veins. Hind wings with the disk limpid towards the
base, and with an exterior intersected limpid spot. Length of
the body 7£ lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Mexico.

WALKEK.

•

Group Antichloris.

Antichloris Htibner. Verz. Schmett. 124.

Body rather narrow. Palpi moderately long ; second joint
small. Antennae .rather deeply pectinated, serrated towards the
tips. Fore wings opaque, unspotted, rather broad, slightly pointed
at the tips, obtusely angular on the hind border. Hind wings
obliquely truncated and slightly angular at the tips ; hind border
a little sinuated. Peculiar in the form of the hind wings.

1. E. eriphia Fabr. A. phemonoe Htibn. Snmml. Ex. Schinett. 9, 8, f.
15-6. A. caca Samml. Ex. Schmett. 24, 67, f. 133, 4.

Var. Male. Gilded green. Head crimson behind. Tongue and
antennae black. Palpi black, white beneath. Thorax crimson on
each side in front. Pectus with white spots on each side. Abdo-
men above black, with three rows of triangular gilded green spots;
under side with two lateral interrupted white stripes, which extend
from the base to the middle. Fore coxae white beneath. Wings
dark brown. Hind wings whitish in front.

Mexico, West Indies.

WALKER.

EUCHROMIA. 275

•

Group Horamia.
Horamia Iliibner. Verz. Schmett. 124.

Wings narrow. Fore wings much longer than the body. The
subcostal vein is adjacent to the external margin, with two mar-
ginal nervules from the hinder end of the disk, the first opposite
the penultimate branch of the median, the second forked at about
.its middle. The apical branch gives rise at about its middle to
the post-apical. The subcosto-inferior and the discal vein arise
at a common point, the latter slightly curved. Median vein 4-
branehed, the posterior remote from the penultimate. Hind wings
equal to the length of the body. Without costal vein. Subcostal
vein bifid from the margin of the discal vein, which is very ob-
liquely inclined to the base and suddenly curved about the middle
of the disk, where it receives the discal fold ; immediately beneath
this arises a medio-discal nervule. JMedian vein bifid from the
disk.

Head rather large, smooth, free; with ocelli. Face narrow.
Eyes rather large, prominent. Antennae shortly pectinated or
serrated to the tip, whence it is moniliform, and more or less
dilated or fusiform about the middle. Palpi curved, ascending to
the middle of the face ; basal joint hairy beneath ; middle and
terminal joint smooth and cylindrical. Tongue about as long as
the thorax beneath.

Body cylindrical, smooth. Patagia small. Abdomen obtuse,
with a prominent tubercle on each side of the basal segment.
Legs slender and long ; fore tibia? with a moderate spur from the
base ; hind tibia? towards the ends and the hind tarsi plumose.

Hind tibiae with two short spurs.

CLEMENS.

1. E. plumipes Drury. Aglaope plumipes Westw. ed. Drury, II, 51, pi. 27,
f. 3.

Blackish. Thorax marked with white. Abdomen banded with
white. Hind tibia? plumose.

Far.? Palpi short; third joint small. Black, indistinctly tinged
with blue. Head, thorax, base of the wings, and abdomen towards
the base with white dots. Wings blackish-brown. Abdominal
segments with white bands. Legs partly covered with white
scales ; hind tibia? with a white band before the middle, beyond

276 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

which they are deeply plumose with black hairs to the tip ; hind
tarsi white, black and plumose towards the base.

Mexico.

WALKER.

2. E. pretus Cram. Sphinx adscita pretus Cram. Pap. Exot. II, 121, pi. 175,
f. E, F. Horamia pretus Hiibn. Samtnl. Exot. Schmett. Addend, pi.
f. 1 — 4. E. plumipes Clemens, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Nov. 1860*546.

Fawn-colored. Antennae banded with black. Prothorax and
basal portion of the abdomen whitish. Hind wings brownish.
Fore wings testaceous. Femora and tibiae black at the tips.

West Indies.

Var. Bluish-black. Antennae with orange-yellow tips. Palpi
orange-yellow; face, orbits and a spot between the antennae of the
same hue, the former with a central blackish stripe. Thorax with
four spots on the disk orange-yellow or yellow, and four on the
prothorax, one on each side and two central, and a stripe along
the upper edge of the tegulae, of the same hue. Abdomen banded
with more or less decided orange-yellow, with a short, transverse
white stripe at the base above between the tubercles, and with
two white bands at the base beneath, the first of which is extended
on the sides. Breast with three white marks on each side. Wings
concolorous dark brownish, with a white spot on the costa at the
base. The fore coxae with an orange-yellow stripe and fore tibiae
striped externally with the same hue. Hind coxoa orange-yellow;
femora black; tibiae orange yellow banded with black at the tips,
and ciliated with long hairs ; tarsi orange-yellow and plumose to
the tips.

This species was erroneously described in the Proceedings of
November, 1860, as plumipes. Mr. Walker, on page 1632, de-
scribes varieties that approach this very nearly, but in making up
the paper for the Proceedings, I overlooked them.

Cuba, West Indies.

CLEMENS.

Group Amycles.
Amycles Walker, 253, 1633.

Male. Body rather long. Palpi rather short; third joint very
small. Antenna? rather deeply pectinated for nearly two-thirds of
the length, setaceous and abruptly simple thence to the tips.

EUCHROMIA. 277

Wings rather short, very narrow. Fore wings distinctly angular
on the hind border. Abdomen slightly tapering from the base to
the tip. Legs moderately stout ; spurs of the hind tibia; rather
long.

Female? Antenna; simple and beset with short bristles along
the whole length. Wings short, extremely narrow, less distinctly

angular.

WALKER.

1. E. anthracina Walker, 253, 1G33.

Male. Purplish black. Prothorax with a red dot on each side
beneath. Fore wings towards the tips dingy white, between
which and the black there is a slight brown interval; fringe black.
Hind wings dark brown, dingy white in front. Abdomen with an
oblong oblique shining white spot on each side at the base.

Femalet Fore wings with a whitish band at three-fourths of the
length, blackish thence to the tips. Length of the body 5 — 6
lines; of the wings 12 — 14 lines.

Mexico.

WALKER.

Group Ewcerea.
Eucereon Hiibner. Verz. Sclimett. 123.

Body rather stout, nearly cylindrical. Palpi moderately long,
curved; third joint very minute. Antennae slender, minutely pec-
tinated to the tips. Wings opaque, spotted. Legs moderately
stout ; median and apical spurs of the hind tibise rather long.
This group connects the Glaucopididae with the Bombycidae.

1. E. sylvius Stoll. Cram. Pap. Exot. V, 65, pi. 14.

Fore wings brown or fawn-color, with many blackish streaks.
Abdomen in part red or luteous or yellow.

Var. a. Fore wings brown ; areolets full of blackish marks of
various size and shape, but mostly cuneiform. Abdomen partly
red.

Var. b. Fore wings fawn-color, their spots less large and less
numerous. Abdomen partly red.

Var. c. Like Var. b, but abdomen partly luteous.

Mexico.

WALKER.

278 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. E. dryas Cram. Phalaena dryas Cram. Pap. Exot. I, 110, pi. 70, f. C.

Black. Abdomen luteous, with dots on the sides and the tip,
black. Fore wings dark brown. Hind wings blue, broadly mar-
gined with brown.

West Indies.

WALKER.

Group ?

1. E. bimaculata Fabr. Mant. Ins. II, 106, 51 ; Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 402, 54.

Sphinx zygaena bimaculata Gmel. ed. Syst. Nat. I, 5, 2398, 145.

Wings concolorous black. Fore wings with two yellow spots.
Hind wings with two white spots.
America, North ?

WALKER.

2. E. achemon Fabr. Sp. Ins. II, 162. 24 ; Mant. Ins. II, 104, 29 ; Ent.

Syst. Ill, 395, 31. . Sphinx zygaena achemon, Gmel. ed. Syst. Nat. I,
5, 2396, 131.

Wings brown, with two white spots. Abdomen blue, banded
with yellow.

Jamaica.

WALKER.

3. E. dares Cram. Sphinx adscita dares Pap. Exot. I, 76, pi. 48, f. F.

Blackish-brown. Fore wings white, with a large brown spot
on the disk, and a smaller one of the same hue on the margin.
West Indies.

WALKER.

Group Mastigocera.

Mastigocera Harris. N. A. Sphinges, 35, note.

Dr. Harris' description of the characters of this group is so
indefinite that it is scarcely possible to determine its relationships.
I think, however, it belongs to the genus Euchromia and to the
group Horamia.

1. M. vespina Harris. Cat. N. A. Sphinges, 35.

Light rust-brown. Wings immaculate. Collar, first abdominal
segments above, third below, and a triangular spot on each side,
white. Head, thickened part of the antennae, edge of the thorax
behind the collar, and a large triangular spot on each side of the

ORMETICA. 279

second abdominal segment, black. Breast black, spotted with
white. First and second pairs of thighs, except at the base, mid-
dle of the hind pair, aud extremity of the tibia?, black. Expands
lj inch to If.

St. Thomas, W. I.

HARRIS.

ORMETICA CLEMENS.

Wings opaque. Fore wings rather narrow, equal in length to
that of the body ; hind margin very obliquely rounded, with the
inner angle opposite the middle of the costa. The subcostal vein
is adjacent to the costa, and gives rise to a marginal nervule from
the disk nearly opposite the penultimate branch of the median
vein, and another exterior but near to the disk. The post-apical
arises just exterior to the second marginal nervule, and the apical
is bifid at its posterior third. The discal vein and the subcosto-
inferior arise at a common point, the former very obliquely inclined
to the base, but straight. The median is 4-branched. Hind wings
extremely short, not one-half as long as the anterior; without costal
vein; subcostal vein arched, with a marginal nervule from the
point of origin of the discal, and bifid at the tip much exterior to
the cell. Discal vein vertical. Median 3-branched.

Head rather large, smooth, free ; with small ocelli. Face
tapering, smooth, vertical. Eyes rather large, prominent. An-
tenna wanting. Palpi curved, cylindrical, ascending to the middle
of the front, stout, smooth ; basal joint short, rather hairy beneath ;
middle joint smooth, rather thickened in the middle and about four
times as long as the apical joint ; terminal joint very short, ovate.
Tongue as long as the thorax beneath.

Body not metallic, rather stout, equal in length to the fore
wings, smooth. Patagia moderate, decumbent, and overlapping
the meso-thorax. Abdomen tapering at the tip, more than one-
half as long as the body beneath. Legs smooth, rather stout ;
tarsi roughened with spines ; fore tibia; with a stout internal spur
from the base ; hind tibia? with four spurs.

280 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. O. sphingiformis Clemens.

Bluish-black. Face with a blue band. Body with a yellow
stripe on each side extending from the head to the tip of the abdo-
men. Palpi blackish, whitish at the base and on the second joint
beneath. Fore wings with the extreme costa from the base to
beyond the middle yellow, with a broad stripe of the same hue
from the base to the bind margin beneath the tip, somewhat con-
tracted behind. Hind wings, exterior half yellow, interior half
black. The uuder surface of the wings the same as above. Abdo-
men beneath with a central yellow stripe. Legs black; fore coxa3
each with a yellow spot ; femora white internally ; tibia? striped
with white. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 19 lines.

The structure of this insect shows marked affinities to the group
of Sphinges.

Mexico, near Jalapa.

CLEMENS.

CYANOPEPLA CLEMENS.

Female? Fore wings much longer than the body, moderately
broad, rounded at the tip, and very oblique along the margin.
The subcostal vein adjacent to the external margin, with a single
marginal nervule from near the hind end of the disk, and a second
marginal nervule just exterior to it. The apical branch near its
exterior third sends off a post-apical nervule, and near the tip a
nervulet to the costa. The subcosto-inferior nervule and the dis-
cal vein arise at a common point, the latter angulated. Median
vein 4-branched, with the posterior nervule rather remote from the
others, and the origin of the first subcosto-marginal nervule. Hind
wings rather more than one-half as long as the fore wings, nearly
equal to the length of the body. Without costal vein. Subcostal
bifid at the origin of the discal vein, which is much curved. Me-
dian vein 4-branched, the superior branch is medio-discal, the two
middle ones from a common base, the posterior remote.

Head moderate, smooth, without distinct neck ; without ocelli.
Face rather narrow, smooth. Eyes rather small, moderately pro-
minent. Antennae more than one-half as long as the body, minutely

CTANOPEPLA. 281

pectinated or serrated beneath. Palpi curved, ascending rather
above the middle of the face, smooth, slightly hairy at the base ;
middle joint rather more than twice longer than the basal joint ;
terminal joint very minute, ovate. Tongue equal to the thorax
beneath.

Body metallic, cylindric, scarcely slender, smooth. Patagia
rather small, somewhat erected. Abdomen less than one-half as
long as the body beneath. Legs rather slender, smooth ; fore
tibise with a short, concealed middle spur ; hind tibia3 with four
rather short spurs. Tarsi minutely spinous.

1. C. cruenta Clemens.

Black. Palpi blue. Head and body metallic blue. Fore wings
with a large crimson spot at the base, extended to the middle of
the disk and to the fold beneath, and another of the same hue,
oval and obliquely placed in the median nervules ; inner margin
at the base and a streak along the submedian vein metallic blue ;
cilia at the tip white. Hind wings dark bluish-black, immaculate.
Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 20 lines.

Mexico, near Jalapa.

CLEMENS.

LITHOSIDES.

Antennae most frequently moderately long, slender, setaceous.
Tongue very often longer than the head. Ocelli very often ab-
sent. Palpi not longer than the head, cylindrical, third joint
shorter than the second, or not longer. Body slender, elongated.
Thorax not crested. Wings very often subelliptical, posterior
often folded and slightly enfolding the abdomen. Fore wings
rounded at the tips.

The wing structure of the species included in this group is so
diverse that I have been unable to draw up a diagnosis which will
apply to it. The insects arranged under this group, compose
beyond doubt more than one natural family, but with the limited
number of specimens at my command I cannot undertake the divi-
sion of it.

282 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM. I. CTENUCHIDAE.

GROUP I.

Hind wings without costal vein. The subcostal vein bifid from
the origin of the discal, or posterior to it (Acoloithus) , the lower
branch more or less angulated towards its base. Discal vein sim-
ple, angnlated usually beneath the middle of the disk, receiving a
more or less thickened discal fold. Median vein 4-branched, with
the posterior sometimes remote from its penultimate. In the fore
wings the subcostal vein is not remote from the costa and its
. branches are decumbent, except in Acoloithus.

ACOLOITHUS CLEMENS.

The following insect greatly resembles Americana in appear-
ance and almost exactly in ornamentation. It must, however, be
very distinct from it. The wings are extremely narrow. Hind
wings broader than the fore wings, less ovate than in Americana,
and rounded at the interior basal angle ; length rather more than
that of the body. The disk of the fore wings is closed by a rather
faint, irregularly oblique vein, with one disco-central nervule, and
angulated at the medio-superior nervule, where it receives a rather
faint discal fold. The subcostal vein with three equidistant, mode-
rately erect marginal nervules from the disk, with the apical vein
simple. Median vein 4-branched, with the posterior nervule and
the marginal opposite at their origins. The fold is thickened and
the submedian vein simple. In the hind wings the subcostal vein
shows a tendency to separate into two veins from its point of bi-
furcation towards the base of the wing and resembling two veins
crossing each other ; exterior to the. point of bifurcation and a
little behind the middle of the lower branch arises a decided, curved
discal vein which receives, just above the medio-superior nervule,
a decided or thickened discal fold. The median vein is 4-branched,
with the two posterior branches equidistant from the second one.

Head moderate, free, smooth ; with large ocelli. Face broad,
rounded. Eyes rather small, round and scarcely prominent. An-

AGLAOPE. 283

tennse nearly as long as the body, moderately pectinated in the <f,
minutely pectinated in the 9. Palpi equal to the front, filiform,
porrected, distinctly 3-jointed and with joints nearly equal ; termi-
nal joint obtuse. Tongue about one-half as long as the thorax
beneath. ^

Body short, rather slender, not metallic. Patagia very minute.
Abdomen as long as the thorax beneath, not tufted at the tip and
scarcely tufted along the sides, with a minute, lateral tubercle on
the basal segment. Legs extremely slender and rather short ; fore
tibite with a slender tibial spur from the middle ; hind tibiae with
two minute apical spurs.

1. A. falsarius Clemens.

Black. Prothorax fulvous, especially on the sides, with a point
on the median line black. Hind wings rather thin.

Pennsylvania ; Illinois, from Mr. Kennicott.

CLEMENS.

AGLAOPE LATR.

Wings extremely narrow. Hind wings ovate-lanceolate, nar-
rower than the fore wings ; length much less than that of the body ;
length of the fore wings somewhat more than that of the body.
The disk of fore wings closed by a very faint, irregular vein, with
two disco-central nervules; subcostal vein with a single marginal

•

nervule from the posterior end of the disk and with the apical
branch trifid near the tip of the wing or bifid with a long fork.
Median vein 4-branched, with the posterior scarcely remote from
the penultimate. Fold of the wing thickened from the base to the
tip. Submedian with a short fork at the base of the wing. Hind
wings without costal nervure ; subcostal bifid, with an oblique
discal vein arising near the base of the lower branch, and angulated
above the medio-superior uervule, where it receives the discal fold.
Median vein 4-branched, with nervules nearly equidistant.

Head rather small, free, smooth ; with large ocelli. Face
smooth, rounded, rather narrow. Eyes rather small, scarcely pro-

284 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

minent. Antennas with bases approached, much shorter than the
body, rather deeply pectinated in the J\ less pectinated in the 9.
Palpi very minute, filiform, drooping, with only two distinct joints;
terminal joint acute. Tongue about as long as the thorax beneath.
^Body extremely slender, cylindrical, not metallic. Patagia
cylindrical, minute. Abdomen without lateral tubercle, tufted at
the tip and along the sides. Legs extremely slender ; fore tibice
without tibial spur ; hind tibite with two very minute apical spurs.

1. A. americana Boisd. Griff. An. Kingd. Lep. Procris americana Boisd.,

S. G. Lep. I, pi. 16, f. 7 ; Guer. Icon. Reg. An. Ins., pi. 84, bis, f. 11.
Procris dispar Har., Cat. P. americana Har., Cat. N. A. Spliin., p.
35\ Ctenucha americana Walker, 286.

Blue-black. Prothorax above entirely fulvous or orange.
Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Georgia.

Subcostal vein exterior to the disk, trifid ; apical branch ivith a

long fork.

2. A. coracina Clemens.

The specimens are imperfect and denuded. The entire insect is
black, without the orange-colored prothorax of Americana.

Texas. Capt. Pope's collection. From Smithsonian Institution.

CTENUCHA KIKBY.

Wings broad, or narrow, elongate-trigonate. Fore wings with
the subcostal vein giving rise near the posterior end of the disk to
a single marginal nervule, and another exterior to the disk and
nearer to it than to the post-apical nervule, which is given off near
the apical nervulet. The subcosto-inferior nervule and discal
branch from a common stalk, the latter straight and the discal
fold received by the medio-superior nervule. The median vein
4-branched, the posterior much behind the marginal branch, and
rather remote from the penultimate. Hind wings without costal
vein ; subcostal bifid, with the discal given off from the fork and
receiving the discal fold at its angle. Median vein 4-brauched,

CTEN1JCHA. 285

with the posterior remote from the other branches, which are
aggregated.

Head moderate, free, neck distinct, slightly hairy above ; with
ocelli. Face smooth, rather narrow. Eyes moderately large, pro-
minent. Antennae about one-half as long as the body, deeply pec-
tinated in the g , slightly pectinated in the 9. Palpi porrect.
exceeding the front somewhat, squamose ; basal joint slightly
hairy ; the basal and middle joint nearly equal ; the terminal

shorter, acuminated. Tongue as long or nearly as long as the
thorax beneath.

Body cylindrical, slender, more or less metallic. Patagia scale-
like. Hind wings equal to the body in length. Abdomen with a
lateral tubercle on the basal segment. Legs rather slender ; fore
tibias with a short tibial spur ; hind tibias with four moderately
long spurs.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

Head above orange-yellow.

Fore wings with costa luteous.

Cilia white ; wings broad. latreillana.

Cilia blackish; wiugs narrow. fulvicollis.

Head red or crimson.

Fore wings with four yellowish white stripes. venosa.

Fore wings with a white costal and discal stripe. ruficeps.

Fore wings without stripes.

Wings blackish ; fringes white. rubriceps.

Wings broad; palpi porrect; post-apical nervule interior to

apical nervulet.

1. C. latreillana Kirby. Fauna Bor. Am. IV. 305, 1.

Dark brown or blackish-brown. Palpi pale orange, tips black-
ish. Face dark blue. Head above, prothorax beneath and the
tegulce in front pale orange. Thorax and abdomen dark metallic
blue. Wings with whitish cilia, except in the middle. The fore
wings in the 9 have the extreme costa luteous.

United States, Canada.

CLEMENS.

286 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Wings moderately broad; antennae moderately pectinated.

2. C. rubriceps Walker, 283.

Dark brown, black beneath. Head and palpi towards the base
clothed with bright red hairs. "Wings fringed with white. . Fore
wings with blackish veins. Hind wings bluish-black. Abdomen
of the <£ sericeous green above.

New Grenada.

WALKEK.

Wings moderately broad; post-apical nervule interior to apical

nervulet.

3. C. venosa Walker, 284.

Dark brown, black beneath. Head above, prothorax beneath,
clothed with bright red hairs in the £ , and with yellow hairs in
the 9. Face dark blue. Palpi blackish, base bright red. Pa-
tagia and tegulse in front striped with yellow, the latter likewise
on the superior edge. Wings fringed with white. Fore wings
with four yellowish-white stripes ; the first costal, second on the
subcosto-inferior nervule, third on the median vein, extended to
the two middle branches ; fourth on the submedian vein. Hind
wings and abdomen of the J* dark bluish-black, of the 9 blackish.

Mexico, Texas. Capt. Pope's collection. Smithsonian Institu-
tion.

CLEMENS.

4. C. ruficeps Walker, 284.

Blue. Head above and thorax in front beneath clothed with
crimson hairs. Palpi black, with crimson hairs towards the base.
Thorax with a lappet on each side and a white spot on each
shoulder. Legs white beneath. Wings blackish-brown, blue at
the base. Fore wings with a white costa and a white interrupted
stripe extending from the base to near two-thirds of the length in
the disk. Hind wings with a white discal stripe tapering from the
base to half the length.

Mexico.

WALKER.

MALTHACA. 287

Wings long, narrow ; fore wings opaque, post-apical exterior to
apical nervulet ; hind wings hyaline in the middle. Palpi curved.

5. C. fiilvicollis Hiibner. Glaucopis (Ctenuchci) semidiaphana Harris,
Cat. N. A. Sphin., 38, 4.

Slate-colored or blackish-brown. Antennae bluish-black. Palpi,
basal joint ochreous, the other joints blackish. Head above, pa-
tagia, prothorax beneath, tegulte in front and a stripe beneath the
fore wings ochreous or orange. Fore wings with a luteous stripe
along the extreme costa. Wings with cilia of the general hue.
Abdomen bluish-black, scarcely metallic.

Illinois. Mr. Kennicott.

CLEMENS.

GKOUP II.

Hind wings without costal vein. Subcostal vein bifid, the lower
branch strongly angulated and parallel to the upper, the angle
giving rise to a doubly angulated discal vein, which sends off a
disco-central branch from the upper angle and receives the thick-
ened discal fold at the lower one. Median vein 4-branched. In
the fore wings the subcostal vein is rather remote from the costa
and its marginal branches are erected ; the discal with two central
nervules.

MALTHACA CLEMENS.

Fore wings rather broad, obovate; the discal cell broad behind,
fusiform. The subcostal vein sends two short nearly erect marginal
nervules to the costa, and from the superior angle of the disk arise
two long nervules, on a short common stalk, the lower one of which
is the apical, but delivered rather above the tip. The discal vein
is rather faint and gives rise to two disco-central nervules, the
upper one rather on the costal side of the wing. Median vein 4-
branched, the posterior nervule arising a little behind the first
marginal branch. The fold is thickened and the submedian shortly
forked at the base. Hind wings ovate ; as broad as the fore wing
and in length equal to that of the body. Without costal vein.
Subcostal is furcate, the lower branch giving rise at an obtuse

288 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

angle to a thickened discal vein, which is angulated above the
medio-superior nervule, where it receives the discal fold, and above
this is given off a single disco-central nervule. Median vein 4-
branched, with branches equidistant, except the two superior ones.

Head moderate, free, vertex rather elongated, smooth ; ocelli
large. Face moderately broad, rounded, slightly protuberant.
Eyes rather small, scarcely prominent. Antenna with bases almost
united, rather thick, but tapering at the tips, pectinated. Palpi
extremely short. Tongue about one-half as long as the thorax
beneath.

Body slender, cylindrical. Patagia minute, rolled. Abdomen
not tufted at the tip or on the sides, about one-half the length of
the body beneath. Legs slender ; fore tibiae with a short concealed
spur on its middle ; hind tibite with two extremely minute apical
spurs.

1. M. perlucidula Clemens.

Blackish-brown. Wings slightly transparent. Fore wings with
the basal half luteous above the fold. Hind wings luteous along
the costa from the base to the middle.

Illinois, Mr. Kennicott. Maryland, Dr. Morris.

CLEMENS.

FAM. II. LYCOMORPHIDAE.

Hind wings without costal vein. Subcostal bifid, the
lower branch slightly angulated near its base, giving rise to
an oblique, simple discal vein. Median vein 3-branched,
with branches equidistant, the medio-superior branch re-
ceiving the discal fold. In the fore wings is rather remote
from the costa and its marginal branches rather erect.

LYCOMORPHA HARRIS.

Wings narrow. Fore wings nearly fusiform. Near the poste-
rior end of the disk the subcostal vein gives rise to two marginal
nervules and two nearly equidistant exterior to the disk. Without
post-apical nervule. The subcosto-inferior nervule and the discal .

LYCOMORPHA. 289

arise on a common stalk, the latter angulated in the middle and
receiving the discal fold. The median vein is 4-brauched, the
posterior arising at a point opposite the middle of the space be-
tween the first and second marginal nervules. Hind wings with-
out costal vein. Subcostal bifid near the tip, the lower branch
giving rise to an oblique discal. Median vein 3-branched, the
superior nervule receiving the discal fold.

Head smooth, free, without ocelli. Face rounded. Eyes mode-
rate. Antennas a little shorter than the body, biserrated or very
minutely pectinated. Palpi short, little exceeding the clypeus,
cyliudric, porrected ; the basal joint long, nearly equal to the front ;
the middle and terminal joints equal, very short and ovate. Tongue
a little longer than the thorax beneath.

Body slender, nearly cylindrical, not metallic. Patagia scale-
like. Hind wings equal in length to the body. Legs rather
slender; fore tibiae with a short concealed tibial spur; hind tibia?
with one middle spur and two moderate apical spurs.

1. L. pholus Fabr. Sp. Ins. II, 166, 49.

Bluish-black. The tegulse and the basal fourth of the wings
luteous.

Nova Scotia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.

2. L. dimidiata Herr.-Schaeff. Pyromorpha dimidiata Lep. Ex. Sp. Nov.

Ser. I, f. 222.

Black. Fore wings yellow at the base. [Is it distinct from Z.
pholus ?]
Georgia.

FAM. III. MELAMERIDAE.

This family has much affinity to the GlaucQ2rididae and
also to the Pyralites. The wings are very generally more
or less black, occasionally with a metallic hue, very fre-
quently adorned with bright colors or partly limpid.
19

290 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

JOSIA HtfBNER.

Body generally nearly linear and cylindrical, varying in length
and stoutness. Palpi variable as to length ; in some species much
shorter, in others a little longer than the head ; third joint varying
from one-eighth to one-half of the length of the second. Antennae
of the male generally more or less pectinated, sometimes simple ;
of the female generally simple, occasionally serrated. Abdomen
extending as far as the hind wings, or beyond them. Legs mostly
slender ; hind tibioe very generally with four spurs of various
length ; middle pair wanting in a few species. Wings black,
generally narrow, adorned with yellow, luteous, or white stripes,
bands or spots.

Group Tliyrgis.

Thyrgis Walker, 316.

Fern. Body cylindrical, nearly linear, moderately long and slen-
der. Palpi a little longer than the head ; third joint linear, more
than half the length of the second. Antennas minutely serrated.
Abdomen obconical towards the tip, not extending beyond the
hind wings. Legs slender ; hind tibiaa with four short spurs.
Wings broad, moderately long.

1. J. tribuna Hiibner. Epldaltias tribuna Exot. Schmett. 24, 246, f. 491, 2.

Luteous. Head, disk of the thorax and abdomen, with a dorsal
black stripe. Wings black. Fore wings with a luteous stripe at
the base and an oblique luteous band behind the middle of the
wing. Hind wings with a broad luteons stripe.

Cuba.

WALKEK.

DIOPTIS HUBNER.

Body cylindrical, slender, generally long and linear. Palpi
varying in length, not longer than the head ; third joint more or
less shorter than the second. Antennae of the male generally pec-
tinated, occasionally serrated or simple ; of the female sometimes
pectinated, more often simple. Abdomen extending as far as the

DIOPTIS. 291

hind wings, and most often beyond them. Hind tibia? with four
spurs of various length, very rarely with two spurs. Wings mostly
limpid, generally long and narrow, broad in some species.

Group Euagra.
Euagra Walker, 323.

Body cylindrical, slender, linear, rather long. Palpi ascending,
as long as the head ; third joint conical, very small, about one-
sixth of the length of the second. Antennas, minutely pectinated
to seven-eighths of the length in the male, simple in the female.
Abdomen extending from one-fourth to one-half its length beyond
the abdomen. Legs slender; fore tibia? not dentated ; hind tibiae
with four moderately long spurs. Wings rather long and narrow.

1. D. hcemanthus Walker, 324.

Bright blue. Prothorax beneath and head clothed with crimson
hairs. Head white in front. Palpi crimson towards the base.
Abdomen and legs white beneath. Abdomen with a tuft of black
hairs at the tip ; sexual appendages large, testaceous. Wings
deep black, blue towards the base. Fore wings with an oblique
elongato-triangular white hyaline baud in the disk beyond the
middle; this band is attenuated towards the hind border and
approaches nearer to it than to the fore border, and contains no
apparent veins. Hind wings with a narrow white hyaline discal
stripe which extends from the base nearly to the hind border and
is traversed obliquely by a black vein near its tip. Length of the
body 5 lines ; of the wings 15 lines.

Mexico.

WALKER.
•
Group Hy mi ina.

Hyrmina Walker, 331.

Body cylindrical, linear, very slender, rathgr long. Palpi
ascending, curved, shorter, than the head ; third joint pointed, not
one-fourth of the length of the second. Antenna; of the male
rather deeply, of the female minutely, pectinated. Abdomen ex-
tending a little beyond the hind wings of the male, and nearly as
far as them in the female. Legs slender; fore tibia? of the male
slightly channelled and not dentated beneath ; hind tibias with four

292 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

small spurs. Wings moderately long, rather broad ; fore wings
with three inferior veins.

1. D. vinosa Drury. Ex. Ins. I, 47, pi. 23, f. 4. Sphinx vinosa Drury
App. 4.

Wings grayish-diaphanous. Fore wings with the anterior and
posterior margin reddish-yellow, with a large external spot, white
in the middle margined with black. Hind wings, fern., with a
submarginal reddish-yellow band.

Jamaica.

WALKER.

Group Lauroii.
Lauron Walker, 333.

Body cylindrical, linear, slender, rather long. Palpi straight,
porrect, as long as the head ; third joint acuminated, nearly one-
third of the length of the second. Antennae closely pectinated ;
branches of moderate length in the male, very short in the female.
Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings in both sexes
or not extending beyond them in the females of some species.
Legs very slender ; fore tibiae not dentated ; hind tibise with two
very minute apical spurs. Wings long,, rather broad, more or less
hyaline ; three inferior veins.

1. D. ergolis Walker, 335.

Black. Thorax and the costa of the fore wings along the basal
half and a short, oblique band, red: Fore wings with the disk at
the base subhyaline, an abbreviated, oblique band near the tip,
white.

Jamaica. •

WALKER.

CHRYSAUGE HIJBNEK. •

Group Flavinia.
Plavinia Walker, 369.

Body slender,' of moderate length, nearly linear and cylindrical.
Palpi porrect, shorter than the head ; third joint acuminated, less
than one-third of the length of the second. Antenna? of the male
deeply pectinated, of the female simple. Abdomen hardly extend-

URAGA. 293

ing beyond the hind wings in the male, shorter in the female.
Legs slender ; hind tibiae with two small apical spurs. Wings of
moderate length, rather narrow.

1. C. dimas Cram. Pap. Exot. I, 91, pi. 59, f. C.

Whitish. Head, thorax in frojit and hind wings, -red. Fore
wings with the costa red, with a median, oblique thickly spotted
black band.

West Indies.

WALKEE.

URAGA WALKER.

Male. Body nearly linear and cylindrical, moderately stout and
long. Palpi longer than the head ; third joint lanceolate, a little
shorter than the second. Antennae moderately pectinated. Ab-
domen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs slender ;
hind tibia? with four small spurs. Wings of moderate length,
rather broad. " Fore wings rounded and not angular on the hind
border.

1. U. hcemorrhoa Walker, 465.

Black. Head and prothorax clothed with crimson hairs. Palpi
crimson, with black tips. Abdomen blue, crimson towards the tip
beneath and with a slender crimson stripe on each side. Femora
blue. Fore wings with a narrow, linear, straight, slightly oblique
whitish band with testaceous borders at two-thirds of the length.
Hind wings bluish beneath towards the base. Length of the body
6^ lines ; of the wings 15 lines.

Jamaica.

WALKEE.

FAM. IV. PERICOPIDAE.

This family is composed of large species, which often have
pale dots on the head and thorax, and whose wings are ample
and frequently more or less vitreous. It is connected with
the Melameridae, and has some affinities with the Arctiidae.

294 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

PERICOPIS HUBNER.

Body nearly linear and cylindrical, moderately long and stout.
Head and thorax of the male hairy, the latter thick. Palpi more
or less ascending, hairy in the male ; third joint acuminated in the
male, conical in the female, abdut one-third of the length of the
second. Antennae little or not more than half the length of the
body, pectinated moderately or minutely in the male, very slightly
or serrated in the female. Abdomen of the male slightly com-
pressed, much narrower than the thorax, extending for one-third
of its length beyond the hind wings; of the female obconical at
the tip, extending for one-fourth of its length or less beyond the
hind wings. Legs moderately stout ; hind tibiae with two minute
apical spurs. Wings long, rather broad, more or less semihyaline;

four inferior veins.

WALKER.

1. P. eurocilia Cram. Pap. Exot. II, 126, pi. 178, f. C.

Ferruginous. Head, thorax in front and abdomen spotted with
white. Thorax and abdomen on the sides striped with yellow.
Wings with marginal white dots. Fore wings with a black stripe
near the base, with a short, oblique black band in front, and the
tip of the wing black; also a broad median yellow band, sur-
rounding a black spot, abbreviated and incised behind. Hind
wings black, red at the base, with ferruginous discal streaks.

West Indies.

WALKER.

2. P. leucophaea Walker, 352.

Wings quite opaque in the female.

Blackish-brown. Antennae very minutely pectinated. Thorax
with several white dots in front. Fore wings with a crimson dot
on each at the base. Hind wings with a row of crimson spots near
the hind border, close to which there is a row of white dots.
Male. Abdomen with a luteous tip. Fore wings with two gray
slightly oblique irregular nearly connected semi-hyaline bands, the
subapical one clearer than the first. Fern. Last abdominal seg-

COMPOST A — EUCYANE. 295

ment with a luteous margin. Length of the body 9 — 10 lines;
of the wings 24 — 28 lines.

Mexico.

WALKER.

COMPOSIA HUBNER.

Body nearly cylindrical, rather stout, of moderate length. Palpi
vertical, shorter than the head ; third joint less than half the length
of the second. Antennae of the male slightly pectinated, of the
female minutely pectinated. Abdomen oblanceolate in the male,
fusiform in the female, extending as far as the hind wings. Legs
rather slender ; fore tibia? excavated beneath ; hind tibke with two
minute apical spurs. Wings long, rather narrow with setnihyaline
spots.

1. C. sybaris Cram. Pap. Exot. I, 112, pi. 71, f. E. ? De Beaiiv. pi. 24,
f. 7. Composia credula Hiibn. Samml. Ex. Schraett. II, Lep. Ill,
Phal. II, Ver. viii. Coll. B, Var. II, f. 1—4.

Black, white beneath. Body and wings thickly dotted with
white. Fore wings with four nearly square crimson spots.

West Indies.

WALKEK.

EUCYANE HUBNER.

Body nearly cylindrical and linear, rather stout, moderately long.
Palpi ascending as long as the head ; third joint linear, rather
more than half the length of the second. Antenna? of the male
moderately pectinated, of the female serrated. Abdomen hardly
extending to the hind border of the hind wings in the male, a little
shorter in the female. Legs moderately stout ; hind tibia? with
four small spurs. AVings ample ; fore wings with a semi-hyaline
band ; four inferior veins.

Winys very broad.

1. E. pylotis Drury. Ins. Exot. II, 9, pi. 5, f. 3. Callimorpha? pylotis
Westw. ed. Drury II, 11, pi. 5, f. 3.

Blackish-blue. Abdomen luteous beneath, with the hind borders

296 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

black. Fore wings with a broad, white median band ; cilia at the
tip white. Hind wings with white cilia.

Mexico.

WALKEK.

FAM. Y. NYCTEMERIDAE.

Some of the genera, like a few of the Pericopidae and of
the Chalcosiidae, have much resemblance to the Rhopalocera.
The body is slender and the wings ample, and they have
likewise a general resemblance to some of the Geometrites.

CARALISA WALKER.

Male. Body hardly stout. Tongue elongate. Palpi porrect,
extending far beyond the head ; third joint elongated, acuminated,

•

much more than half the length of the second. Antennas mode-
rately pectinated, much more than half the length of the bftdy.
Abdomen extending as far as the hind wings. Legs slender ;
hind tibiae with four rather short spurs. Wings moderately broad.
Fore- wings straight in front, rounded at the tips, very oblique
along the exterior border; first, second and third inferior veins
nearly contiguous ; fourth remote.

1. C. editha Walker, 1661.

Male. Deep blue. Head crimson beneath, white about the eyes.
Palpi crimson at the base. Disk of the abdomen with a short
broad crimson stripe, which tapers in front ; under side crimson.
Wings with broad black borders ; cilia white. Length of the
body 6 lines ; of the wings 18 lines.

West Indies.

WALKER.

EUDTJLE HUBNER.

Body slender, nearly linear and cylindrical, rather long. Palpi
porrect, rather shorter than the head; third joint conical, not more
than one-fourth of the length of the second. Antennas of the male

PSYCHOMORPHA — MELANCHORIA. 297

minutely pectinated, of the female serrated. Abdomen generally
extending beyond the hind wings. Legs slender ; hind tibia3 with
four spurs of moderate length. Wings long and narrow ; fore
wings with four inferior veins.

1. E. variegata Walker, 380.

Crimson. Head black, white about the eyes and with white
dots above. Antenna? and palpi. black, the latter black beneath.
Abdomen black, with a white band which is widest beneath on
each segment. Legs black, white beneath. Fore wings with
black-bordered veins towards the base, in the middle with a black
oblique band which does not extend towards the fore border, but
is dilated and contains a white dot towards the hind border ;
apical fourth part black with three or four white dots in a trans-
verse line. Hind wings veined with black, and with broad white
dotted black borders. Male. Hind wings black, streaked with
white beneath.

West Indies.

WALKER.

PSYCHOMORPHA HARRIS.

Body slender, hairy at the tip. Palpi slender, nearly horizontal,
extending a little beyond the clypeus, covered with loose hairs so
as to conceal the joints. Tongue moderate, spirally rolled. An-
tennas in the male pectinated on both sides, the pectinations rather
short, simple in the female. Wings short, somewhat triangular,
with the outer margins rounded ; discal areolet of the hind wings
short, closed by a sinuous vein. Abdomen not extending beyond
the bind wings. Legs short, hairy ; spurs of the hind tibia? three,
slender, nearly concealed by the hairs.

1. P. epimenis Drury, App. III. Exot. Ins. Ill, 39, pi. 29, f. 2. See p. 136.

MELANCHROIA HITBNER.

Body slender, of moderate length, nearly linear and cylindrical.
Palpi porrect, hairy, shorter than the head ; third joint conical,

298 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

nearly half the length of the second. Antennas closely pectinated;
branches long or of moderate length in the male, very short in the
female. Abdomen not extending as far as the hind wings. Legs
slender ; hind tibiae with four spurs. Wings broad, not long,
generally black with semi-hyaline white spots.
Spurs short, near together.

1. M.? cephise Cram. Pap. Exot. IV, 182, pi. 381, f. E. Hiibner, Samml.

Exot. Schmett. II, Lep. II, Phal. II, Ver. vii. Hyp. A. Sphing. 17,
f. 1—4.

Deep black. Head, prothorax, sides of the thorax in front and
breast clothed with luteous hairs. Palpi, legs and hind borders of
the abdominal segments whitish beneath. Wings fringed with
white, and with an elliptical white spot on each tip ; veins some-
what cinereous. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 18 lines.

Mexico, West Indies, Central America.

WALKER.

2. M. inconstans Gcyer. Samml. Exot. Schmett. V, 17, 431, f. 861-2.

Male. Black. Thorax with luteous spots. Wings bluish-black,
at the base beneath luteous or red. Fore wings with white borders.
Mexico.

WALKER.

FAM.

VIRBIA WALKER.

Allied to the Noctuidae. Body rather short, moderately stout,
nearly linear and cylindrical. Palpi stout, straight, porrect, a
little shorter than the head ; third joint very small. Antennas
simple in both sexes. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind
wings. Legs rather stout; hind tibite with two very minute apical
spurs. Wings rather short and broad. Fore wings distinctly an-
gular ; third superior vein trifurcate ; first and second inferior veins
near together at the base.

NUDARIA. 299

1. V. luteilinea Walker. C. B. M. 471.

Brown. Palpi at the base and tongue testaceous. Antennae
black. Abdomen on each side with a slight luteous stripe which
tapers from the base towards the tip. Fore wings ferruginous
above and luteous beneath for more than half the length from the
base, and with a reddish line along the costa. Hind wings luteous
with broad black borders which are of equal breadth from the tip
of the fore border to the tip of the inner border. Length of the
body 4 lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

Mexico.

FAM. VI. LITHOSIIDAE.

In the hind wings the costal and subcostal veins have a
common origin in the posterior third of the wing. The sub-
costal is bifid beyond the origin of the discal, which is some-
times doubly angulated, giving rise to a disco-central branch
from the lower angle, and sometimes simple and curved.
Median vein 3-branched. Tn the fore wings the subcostal
vein is remote from the costa, and the marginal branches
rather erect.

NUDARIA? HAW., STEPH.

Wings rather broad, semi-diaphanous, rounded. In the fore
wings the subcostal vein forms a large subcostal cell over the discal
vein, giving rise about the middle of the cell above to a marginal
nervule, and beneath to the subcosto-inferior and discal vein, the
latter having a disco-central nervule. At the apex of the cell
behind, the vein becomes trifid, dividing into a marginal, post-
apical and apical nervules, the latter with a nervulet from its
middle. Hind wings about equal to the body in length ; without
costal vein ; subcostal vein with a marginal nervule arising from
the disk near the discal vein, and becoming bifid exteriorly at a
point remote from the discal vein ; with a disco-central nervule.
Median 3-branched, with the posterior nervule somewhat interior
to the origin of the marginal nervule.

Head free, rather small, smooth ; without ocelli. Face smooth,
rather narrow, clypeus prominent. Antenna? setiform, moderately

300 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

long, scarcely ciliated in the males. Palpi slender, slightly curved,
but little exceeding the clypeus, slightly hairy at the base; the basal
joint twice larger than the middle ; terminal joint minute, ovate.
Tongue as long as the thorax beneath.

Body slender. Patagia nearly obsolete. Legs rather long and
slender ; fore tibia? unarmed ; hind tibia3 with four spurs, the
middle pair short.

Eggs globular, pale yellow ; producing larvse one week after
deposition. The larva on escaping from the egg is geometriform,
with ten legs. This refers to the species described below which
differs sufficiently in structure from the European N. mundana, it
appears to me, to authorize the separation of our species from the
group containing the European species. It may belong to the
Geometrina.

1. N. mendica Walker, 576.

Pale yellowish. Fore wings with the costa at the base fre-
quently touched with ochreous, with two irregular oblique blackish,
sometimes pale gray, bands, composed of large -spots ; one on the
middle of the disk, and the other crossing the nervules, and a
single spot of the same hue near the hind margin in the medio-
central interspace, sometimes connected with the posterior band.
Pennsylvania, New York.

WALKER.
•
LERINA WALKER.

Male. Body short, thick, very hairy. Palpi thick, very short,
hairy ; third joint very small. Tongue very short. Antennas
rather deeply pectinated. Abdomen extending as far as the hind
wings. Legs moderately stout ; hind tibice with two rather long
middle spurs and two minute apical spurs. Wings narrow, rather
long. Fore wings straight in front, slightly rounded and not
angular behind ; first and second inferior veins almost contiguous
at the base; third about six times nearer to the second than to
to the fourth.

APISTOSIA. 301

1. L. incarnata Walker, 477.

Black, clothed with black hairs. Head above, thorax and abdo-
men towards the tip thickly clothed with crimson hairs. Palpi,
antennas and legs black. Thorax with a black dorsal stripe, not
extending to the front. Wings metallic bluish-green, not hairy.
Length of the body 5^ lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Mexico.

WALKER.

APISTOSIA HUBNEE.

Male. Body nearly linear, rather stout, moderately long. . Palpi
stout, very much shorter than the head ; third joint conical, very
small. Tongue of moderate length. Antenna? moderately pecti-
nated. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs
stout ; hind tibia? with four long spurs. Wings moderately long
and broad. Fore wings very slightly convex in front, obtusely
angular behind ; first and second inferior veins united at the base ;
third rather more than four times nearer to the second than to the

fourth.

WALKER.

1. A.? terminalis Walker, 478.

Body bluish purple. Head, fore part of the thorax, tip of the
abdomen and fore coxa? crimson. Palpi shorter than the head ;
third joint .conical, less than one-fourth of the length of the second.
Antennce wanting. Abdomen extending for one-third of its length
beyond the hind wings. Legs purplish-black, moderately stout.
Wings black, tinged with green and purple, rather long and nar-
row ; first and second inferior veins of the fore wings near together
at the base ; third full twice further from the fourth than from the
second. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 19 lines.

Mexico.

WALKER.

The characters of this and of the following species, of which the
specimens described are deprived of their antennae, partly differ
from those of Apistosia.

302 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. A.? multifaria Walker, 479.

Allied to Euchromia ? Metallic blue. Head, prothorax and
sides of the thorax clothed with rosy hairs. Abdomen extending
very little beyond the hind wings. Fore coxa?, knees and tips of
the tibia? white. Palpi red, very ranch shorter than the head ;
third joint conical, very small. Wings black, rather long and
narrow, tinged with blue towards the base ; costa and fringe mostly
white ; first and second inferior veins very near together at the
base ; third full four times further from the fourth than from the
second. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

California.

WALKER.

ARDONEA WALKER.

Male. Body rather slender, nearly linear, moderately long.
Palpi hairy, much shorter than the head; third joint conical, not
more than one-fourth of the length of the second. Antennas mode-
rately pectinated. Abdomen elongate-fusiform, extending for one-
fourth of its length beyond the hind wings, forcipated at the tip.
Legs rather slender; hind tibiae with four long spurs. Wings
rather long and narrow. Fore wings hardly convex in front,
slightly angular behind ; first and second inferior veins united at
the base ; third very near the second ; fourth twice further from
the third than the third from the second.

1. A. munda Walker, 1680.

Female. Deep blue. Head, and fore part of the thorax and
of the breast crimson. Palpi crimson, with black tips. Antenna?
black. Abdomen extending for about one-third of its length
beyond the hind wings. Wings moderately broad ; fringe white,
with a black interval on the middle of the exterior border of each
wing, and another towards the interior angle of the hind wings.

St. Domingo.

WALKER.

HYPOPREPIA HUBNER.

Female. Body stout, rather short, elongato-subfusiform. Head
rather small. Palpi stout, very much shorter than the head ; third

I LYMIRE. 303

joint acuminated, not half the length of the second. Tongue short.
Abdomen oblanceolate, not extending quite so far as the hind
wings. Legs moderately stout; hind tibia? with two minute apical
spurs. Wings moderately broad, not long. Fore wings slightly
convex in front ; the hind angle somewhat rounded ; first and
second inferior veins almost contiguous at the base; third about
eight times nearer to the second than to the fourth.

1. H. fucosa Iliibncr. Exot. Schmett. 21, 236, f. 471-2.

Rose-colored. Abdomen with a broad dorsal gray 'band.
Wings gray. Fore wings with the borders and a furcate stripe,
rose-colored. Hind wings with the basal half rose-colored.

Georgia.

WALKER.

LYMIRE WALKER.

Female. Body stout, elongate-fusiform. Head large. Palpi
stout, slightly curved, a little shorter than the head ; third joint
conical, very small, not one-fourth of the length of the second.
Tongue of moderate length. Antenna? setaceous, moderately pec-
tinated, rather more than half the length of the body. Abdomen
extending for nearly half its length beyond the hind wings. Legs
slender, rather long; hind tibia? with four minute spurs. Wings
very narrow, somewhat pointed. Fore wings straight in front for
two-thirds of the length, conical towards the tips, very oblique
along the apical border, very obtusely angular behind ; first and
second inferior veins united for a short space from the base ; third
very near the second ; fourth remote from the third.

1. L. melanocephala Walker, 490.

Hoary. Head, antennas, and palpi black. Head, palpi, and
fore coxa? thickly clothed beneath \\ith pale luteous hairs. Pro-
thorax clothed with pale luteous hairs. Abdomen blackish, pale
luteous beneath. . Anterior legs brown, with testaceous femora ;

304 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

hind legs testaceous. Fore wings with testaceous fore borders.
Hind wings limpid, with hoary fore borders and tips*

Jamaica.

WALKER.

PERCOTE WALKER.

Male. Body rather thick and long. Palpi curved, ascending,
as long as the head ; third joint slender, linear, not more than
one-fourth of the length of the second. Tongue short. Antennae
minutely pectinated. Abdomen extending for nearly half its
length beyond the hind wings. Legs rather stout (mutilated in
the specimens described), with four? spurs of moderate length.
Wings narrow, not long. Fore wings straight in front, conical
towards the tips, rounded and not angular behind ; first and
second inferior veins contiguous at the base, third about thrice
further from the fourth than from the second.

1. P. signatura Walker, 493.

Brown. Head with a luteous spot on each side behind the
vertex. Palpi luteous beneath towards the base. Thorax with a
luteous spot on each side. Abdomen luteous above, pale testa-
ceous beneath. Coxse luteous. Fore wings with a short oblique
limpid streak near the fore border and before the middle of the
length. Hind wings grayish hyaline with broad brown borders.

West Indies.

WALKER.

LITHOSIA FABR.

Fore wings rather elongated, subelliptico-truncate. Disk rather
narrow, closed by a very faint vein. Subcostal vein remote from
the costa, with two marginal nervules from near the middle of the
disk rather erected, and another exterior to the disk, between it
and the furcate apical nervule. The subcosto-inferior and discal
from a short common stalk. Median 4-branched, the posterior
remote from the others, arising interiorly to the first marginal
nervule. Hind wings much broader than the fore wings; with

LITHOSIA — EUSTIXIA. 305

tlie costal and subcostal veins from a common stalk, the latter bifid
beyond the disk, which is closed by a faint vein. Median vein
3-branched, the two superior on a common stalk, which becomes
bifid opposite the fork of the subcostal.

Head rather small, free, smooth ; without ocelli. Face mode-
rate, flat, smooth. Eyes moderate, prominent. Antenna? simple,
setose in both sexes ? Palpi moderate, recurved, but little ex-
ceeding the clypeus, squamose ; the basal joint tumid, and about
equal to the middle joint, which is cylindric; the terminal joint
slender and nearly equal to the middle joint. Tongue slightly
more than one-half as long as the thorax beneath.

Body moderately thick, rather less than the length of the hind
wings. Patagia small, nearly cylindrical. Abdomen beneath one-
half the length of the body. Legs rather stout ; fore tibia? with a
short spur at the base ; hind tibia? with four moderate spurs.

1. L. miniata Kirby. Faun. Bor. Am. IV, 305, 1. Gnopria vittata Harris,

Ins. Mass. 2d ed. 262. Atolmis? miniata Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Nov. IS GO, 543.

Scarlet or yellow tinged with scarlet. Antenna? black. Palpi
tipped with black. Fore wings with three broad slate-colored or
lead-colored stripes, the first near the costa ; the third near inner
margin ; the second short in the middle of the wing posteriorly.
Hind wings blackish slate-colored, scarlet or pinkish at the base.
Abdomen black with a broad scarlet stripe beneath.

CLEMENS.

2. L. longipennis Walker, 510.

Yellow. Palpi brownish towards the tips. Tibia? and tarsi
brownish. Fore wings long, narrow, conical at the tips, with a
very long narrow brown border which is slightly widened at the
tips, and does not extend further than the tips of the hind wings
towards the base behind. Hind wings with a brown fringe at the
tips.

Mexico.

WALKER.

EUSTIXIA HCBXER. See p. 252.
20

306 LEP1DOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

EUBAPHE IliJBNER. See p. 253.

The following genus is one of a group that appears to connect
the Lithosiidae with the Tineirta. It probably differs from the
Lithosiidae in structure, and cannot be regarded as a member of
the family.

MIEZA WALKER. See p. 253.

2. M. subfervens Walker, 528. See p. 253.

3. M.? pupula Hiibner. Eustixis pupula Hiibn., Samml. Exot. Sclimett.

Ill, 24, 245, f. 489, 490. See p. 254.

FAM. VII. HYPSIDAE.

In the structure of the palpi, this family much resembles
some of the groups of the Noctuites quadn'fidae of Guenee.

PITANE WALKER. See p. 254.

1. P.? mediastina Hiibner. Dysauxes mediastina Hiibner, Sarnnil. Exot.
Schmett. Ill, 27, 253, f. 505-6. See p. 254.

Male. Black. Disk of the thorax and abdomen at the tip lute-
ous. Fore wings with a postmedian clavate band and seven
bands, white. Hind wings luteous, bordered with black, and with
a black band.

Georgia.

WALKER.

FAM. ?

CROCOTA IIuBSEE.

Fore wings rather broad, trigonate. The subcostal vein almost
above posterior end of the disk, gives rise to a single marginal
nervule, and the apical-branch is trifid at the tip; and sometimes
with a second short marginal branch from about the middle of the
apical nervule. The subcosto-inferior and the discal arise on a
short common stalk, the latter vein angtilated. The median is
4-branchcd, with the posterior remote from the others. Iliud

CROCOTA. 307

wings rounded, broader than the fore wings, with the costal and
subcostal veins from a common stalk, the former simple and the
latter bifid, with an angulated discal vein from the point of bifur-
cation. Median with three branches, the posterior remote.

llead moderate, free, smooth ; ocelli small. Face moderate,
flat, smooth. Eyes rather large, prominent. Antennae not more
than half as long as the body, rather stout, setaceous and slightly
setose. Palpi rather slender, porrected, exceeding the clypeus by
at least one-half their length, and pubescent ; the terminal joint
pointed and slender, about one-half as long as the middle joint.
Tongue slender, about one-half as long as the anterior coxaa, or
rudimentary.

Body smooth, rather slender ; length less than that of the hind
wings. Patagia scale-like. Abdomen smooth, beneath' one-half
as long as the body. Legs rather slender; fore tibiee with a short,
concealed, middle spur ; hind tibiae with four short spurs.

Closely allied to the Arctiidee.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
Wings with a discal dot.

Abdomen ferruginous, with dorsal and black dots. fermginosa.

Abdomen rose color. brevicornis.

Abdomen reddish-brown or fulvous. rubicundaria.

Wings without discal dot.

Abdomen red, with a black stripe. laeta.

Abdomen testaceous ; wings subhyaline. cupraria.

1. C. lubicundaria Hiibner. Samml. Ex. Sch. Ill, 28, 256, f. 511, 5, 12.
Arctia rubricosa Harris, Ins. Mass. 2d ed. 274. See p. 2r<tj.

Fulvous or reddish-brown. Antennae fulvous, blackish on the
sides. Fore wing sometimes with a brown discal spot. Hind
wings more or less red, with a more or less distinct marginal black
band, sometimes absent, and sometimes with a dark brown discal
dot. Fore wings with a second marginal nervule on the middle
of the apical.

Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.

Variety? Yellowish. Fore wings without discal dot. Hind

308 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

wings with a discal dot and rather broad, distinct dark brown
marginal band.

Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.

2. C. brevicornis Walker, 536. See p. 255.

Fawn color or luteous fawn color. Antennas black, short.
Abdomen rose color. Fore wings rosy beneath. Hind wings rose
color, with an indistinct and sometimes quite obsolete brown stripe
in the hind border, and a brown dot in the disk. Body 2^ — 3|

lines long; wings 8 — 10 lines.

WALKER.

I have specimens which correspond very nearly to the above
description. The anterior portion of the body is luteous, as are
the fore wings, but combined with a reddish hue. Hind wings
cinnabar red, without marginal band or discal spot, and in one
specimen the terminal joint of the palpi is blackish.

Illinois, Mr. Keunicott.

CLEMENS.

3. C. ferruginosa Walker, 535. See p. 255.

Ferruginous. Abdomen pale ferruginous, with a row of dorsal
black dots. Hind wings pale ferruginous, with a blackish dot in
the disk, and two or three blackish spots along the border. Length
of the body 3^ — 4 lines ; of the wings 10 — 11 lines.

Hudson's Bay.

WALKER.

It is possible this insect may be the rubricosa of Harris. I
have specimens which agree in general with Mr. Walker's descrip-
tion, but they possess noticeable differences in structure as com-
pared with the others described previously. In these the tongue is
rudimentary ; fore wings with a second marginal branch in the
middle of the apical nervule. In every other particular the struc-
ture conforms to that of the genus. These differences may be
sexual. In ornamentation they are reddish-brown, scarcely ferru-
ginous, and in addition to the discal dot, have a rather faint dark
brownish band crossing the nervules. Hind wings rather paler
than the fore wings, one specimen with a blackish discal spot, the
other without it, and faint blackish spots along the margin near
the inner angle.

CISTHRENE — TRICHROMIA. 309

My own impression is that rubicundaria of Hiibner and rubri-
cosa of Harris is a variable insect, and Ih&t ferruginosa of Walker,
and perhaps brevicornis, are not true species. I am much more
uncertain, however, respecting the latter than the former.

4. C. cupraria Walker, 536.

Testaceous. Fore legs mostly brown. Wings slightly rosy
testaceous, subhyaline, with a slight cupreous tinge towards the
tips. Length of the body 3 — 4 lines; of the wings 9 — 11 lines.

Jamaica ? S. America.

WALKEK.

5. C. laeta. Lithosia laeta Boisd. Guer. Icon. Reg. An. Ins. pi. 88, f. 6,

p. 519. C. laeta Walker, 537.

Grayish-black. Tongue testaceous. Abdomen red, with a black
stripe which is broader beneath than above. Fore wings red along
the costa. Hind wings red, with a broad grayish-black border.
Length of the body 3 lines ; of wings 9 lines.

N. America ?

WALKER.

CISTHRENE WALKER. See p. 254.

FAM.

TRICHROMIA HUBXEB.

Body slender, rather long. Palpi short. Antennas setaceous,
simple, slender. Abdomen exceeding the hind wings by one-third.
Feet slender, hind tibiae with four long spurs. Wings rather nar-
row, scarcely elongated. Fore wings slightly convex along the
costa, somewhat oblique along the apical border, posterior angle
rounded.

1. T. trigemmia Hiibner. Exot. Schinett. Ill, 22, 239, f. 477, 478.

Dark brown. Fore wings with a yellow median band, and a
spot of the same hue at the tips. Hind wings white, the hind
margin and more than one-third of the tip gray.

St. Domingo.

WALKEK.

310 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM.

CINCIA WALKER.

Female. Body short, stout, linear. Palpi straight, much shorter
than the head ; third joint linear, conical at the tip, much shorter
than the second. Antenna slender, serrated, pubescent, a little
more than half the length of the body. Abdomen not extending
beyond the hind wings. Legs slender; hind tibiae with four
moderately long spurs. Wings rather broad, not long. Fore
wings slightly convex in front, oblique along the apical border,
angular behind ; first, second and third inferior veins approximate
at the base ; fourth remote from the third.

1. C. conspersa Walker, 539.

Whitish or hoary. Palpi blackish towards their tips. Thorax
with black dots. Anterior tibiae with black bands. Fore wings
sprinkled with black points and with full twenty-four black dots,
of which there is a row across each tip ; under side and hind wings
blackish.

Jamaica.

WALKER.

FAM.

ERITHALES POEY.

Tongue distinct. Palpi cylindrical, produced beyond the head;
with the third joint oriform. Antennae of the males strongly pec-
tinated. Wings exceeding the abdomen.

1. E. guacolda Poey. Cent. Lep. Cuba.

Wings brown ; fore wings partly paler, with many black dots.
Abdomen yellow. Body and feet dotted with black.

'Cuba.

POET.

rCECILOPTERA. 311

1'AM. ?

"Wings with tinensform structure. Hind wings with the
costal nervure straight; with the subcostal simple, aWmiiated
interiorly to the discal, but joining (he costal near Us basal third.
Discal vein nearly straight, icifh t/w disco-cf.ntral nervules.
Median with three equidistant branches.

Fore wings with the disk extending beyond the apical
third of the wing. About the middle of the disk the sub-
costal vein sends off a strong marginal branch, beyond which
is a secondary cell, from the hinder end of which arise two
marginal and an apical branch ; discal vein nearly straight,
with three disco-central branches; median 3-branched, the
posterior very remote from its penultimate; the fold is
thickened and the subcostal is forked at its base.

PCBCILOPTERA CLEMENS.

The wings are longer than the body. The anterior rather nar-
row, enveloping the body when folded ; apex obtusely rounded and
hind margin slightly oblique. The sut»costal nervule gives rise to
a marginal nervule, about its middle, and within the disk forms a
large secondary cell, from the hind end of which arise three dis-
tinct marginal nervules, the lower one reaching the costa rather
above the tip. The disk extends rather beyond the apical third
of the wing, and tbe discal vein gives rise to three nervules. The
median is 3-branched, the posterior branch being remote from the
others and arising opposite the origin of the subcostal branch,
which forms the secondary cell. The fold is thickened, and the
submedian furcate at its base. The hind wings are rather broader
than the fore wings ; obliquely rounded along the hind margin
from the tip to tbe base; costa nearly straight. The costal nervure
distinct and simple ; the subcostal simple and rather attenuated
from the discal vein towards the base. The discal vein gives rise
to two nervules, and sends a false nervule through the disk towards
the base of the wing. The median subdivides into three equi-
distant nervules.

Head rather small, smooth, free ; without ocelli. Face rather

312 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

narrow, tapering, vertical. Eyes small, salient. Antenna? slender,
with joints closely set, serrated beneath with scales. Palpi slender
cylindrical, curved, ascending rather above the middle of the front;
basal joint sqnamose ; middle and terminal joints smooth and equal
in length. Tongue about one-half as long as the body.

Body slender, scarcely equal in length to the fore wings. Pata-
gia scale-like. Abdomen slender, more than one-half as long as
the body beneath. Legs smooth and slender ; fore tibia? with a
long, concealed internal spur ; hind tibia? with a pair of apical
spurs.

The wing structure of the insect included in this genus resembles
most strikingly that of the Tineina, and must form a group con-
necting the Lilhosides directly with it.

1. P. compta Clemens.

Palpi pale yellow, with the ends of the second and third joints
black. Head yellow, with a black spot between the antenna? and
a black band across the face. Thorax reddish orange, with two
black spots in front ; neck yellow, edged behind with blackish.
Fore wings reddish orange, with four bluish-black patches placed
transversely on the wing and containing yellow spots; the first at
the base ; the second interior to the middle of the wing ; the third
exterior to the middle, constricted toward the costa and connected
behind with the subterminal patch, which is constricted in the
middle. The hind wings are slightly hyaline ; dark brown.

Texas. Capt. Pope's Coll. From the Smithsonian Institution.

CLEMENS.

FAM. ARCTIADAE.
Group Callimorpliides.

Body slender, smooth or nearly smooth, much shorter
than the wings, either when folded or extended. Head
small, smooth, with ocelli. Fore wings elongate-trigonate ;
hind wings slightly diaphanous, ample, length equal to that
of the body, folded when at rest.

Hind wings neuration arctiteform ; costal and subcostal
veins with a common origin near the middle of the disk;

DEIOPEIA. 313

subcostal bifid usually beyond the origin of the discal vein,
sometimes from the origin of it; discal vein simple angu-
lated. Median 4:-branched, with the three upper branches
more or less aggregated, and the fourth very remote from
them. Fore wings icil/t a secondary cell in the subcostal
system.

DEIOPEIA STEPH.

Fore wings elongate-trigonate, length exceeding that of the
body by at least one-third ; subcostal vein with a narrow cell
above the discal vein, with a single marginal branch arising inte-
riorly to it and one from its hinder apex ; the subcostal vein con-
tinues towards the tip of the wing from the apex of the subcostal
cell subdividing into post-apical and apical branches, the latter
furcate. Discal vein, simple, angulated. Median 4-branched,
the posterior very remote from the other branches.

In the hind wings the subcostal vein is bifid from the origin of
the discal.

Head small, smooth, with ocelli. Eyes prominent. Antenna?
simple in each sex, rather short and slightly pilose beneath in the
males. Palpi curved, ascending nearly to the middle of the face,
squamose, basal joint tumid, middle joint long, terminal joint
short, ovate. Tongue about equal to the thorax beneath.

1. D. bella Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 2, 884, 348, 399. Tinea bella Drury, I, 51,
pi. 24, f. 3.

Palpi white, with black tips. Head and thorax white, spotted
with black. Thorax with an orange-yellow spot on each side in
front. Fore wings orange-yellow, with five or six white bands,
spotted in the middle with black, the last one furcate towards the
costa and the hind border spotted with black. Hind wings bright
red, with the hind margin bordered with a black, white-bordered,
indented band, which is furcate at the tip of the wing. The under
side of the wings is red ; along the costa of the fore wings are
three equidistant black spots, an angulated black band, sometimes
interrupted, near the hinder margin, and a row of marginal black
spots ; along the costa of the hind wings, beginning on the middle,

314 LEPTDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

are two white-bordered black spots, and a furcate, white-bordered
black band on the margin similar to that on the upper surface.
Illinois, Texas (from Smithsonian Collection, Copt. Pope),

Florida, Nova Scotia.

CLEMENS.

2. D. speciosa Walker, 569.

White. Head and thorax with black spots. Thorax with a
red spot on each shoulder. Fore wings with alternate black and
red bands, the former macnlar, the latter angular and very varia-
ble as to breadth ; under side deep red, with a, few black spots.
Hind wings red ; with two or three variable black white-bordered
spots in front and with a black border.

West Indies.

WALKER.

SUPPLEMENT.

While the present compilation of the published North American
doptera has been passing through the press, additional species have been
announced by authors, and others have been detected that had been pre-
viously overlooked ; some important rectifications of synonymy have also
been found necessary. With the view, therefore, of making the work as
complete as I can, to the end of the year 1861, I propose to combine in a
Supplement everything I can find bearing on the subject, not already pre-
sented in the preceding pages. This will include some species belonging
to families elaborated by Dr. Clemens, and which he has omitted from
their not having come under his observation, or from his not being satis-
fied with their exact position in the system. J. G. M.

FAM. II. PIERIDAE, p. 15.

By S. H. SCUDDER (in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. nisi. VIII, 18G1, 178).

PIERIS SCHR., p. 16.

P. oleracea Boisd. (p. 19 of the present work). Pontia casta Kirby, F.
Bor. Am. IV, 288, pi. 3, fig. 1 (p. 19). Pontia oleracea Harris, N.
Eng. Farmer, VIII, 402, Ibid. Ins. Inj. Veg., 1st ed. 213 ; 2d ed. 23?,
Ibid. Agass. L. Sup. 386, pi. 7, fig. 1. Pieris crucifcrarum Boisd. Spec.
Gen. 519.

The butterflies described by Harris, Boisduval, and Kirby, under
the above-mentioned names, are one and the same insect. It is
found inhabiting the northern and eastern portions of North Ame-
rica, reaching south but rarely as far as Pennsylvania, and extend-
ing to the east to Nova Scotia, west at least as far as Lake Supe-
rior, while to the North it is found up to Great Slave Lake, in the
Hudson's Bay Company's Territory, and even according to Kirby,
to lat. 65° N. on McKenzie River.

I have examined many specimens obtained by Mr. R. Kennicott
at different points in British America, from Lake Winnipeg to the
Great Slave Lake, and by Mr. Drexler upon the southeastern

316 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

shore of Hudson's Bay, all of which were kindly placed in my hands
for examination by W. H. Edwards, Esq., of Newburgh, N. Y.
I have also had before me in my comparisons specimens in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, from various
points in the northern United States, among which are those col-
lected by Professor Agassiz, on the north shore of Lake Superior ;
besides these, I have availed myself of ray opportunities of study-
ing the specimens contained in the cabinet of the late Dr. Harris,
now in possession of this Society, and have, in addition, compared
with them specimens in my own collection, obtained in various
portions of the New England States.

I have never seen a perfectly white specimen of this insect ; the
most immaculate ones I have examined had a few gray scales scat-
tered about the base of the primaries and along the basal half of
the costal border, while beneath, the whole surface of the second-
aries was bathed with a scarcely perceptible tint of a pale-yellow-
ish color ; from this limit every possible intermediate variation
may be found, in males and females equally, till it comes to have
an upper surface with obsolete spots similarly situated to those on
the upper surface of P. Rapes of Europe, and the line along the
costal border extending sometimes, with much distinctness, beyond
the tip, nearly halfway down the outer border; the upper surface
is also sometimes faintly tinged with pale-greenish yellow, the ex-
tremities of their nervules tipped with black, and the grayish scales
of the base extended into the secondaries ; but upon the under
surface are found the widest limit of variation, for not only may
the tips of the primaries become distinctly greenish or lemon-
yellow, and the nervules at the apical portion, together with the
medial nervure, be somewhat heavily bordered with grayish scales,
but also the whole surface of the secondaries may have its ground
color distinctly greenish or lemon-yellow, and all the nervures,
from origin to tip, very broadly and thickly bordered with grayish
scales, while a slender line of grayish scales — the continuation of
the third superior nervule — crosses the cell longitudinally ; the
costal border also at base is colored with orange, and the inner
border at base with grayish scales; at the same time specimens are
found with the under surface of the secondaries having broadly bor-
dered nervures combined with a basal color of nearly pure white.

No possible step in the gradation from one extreme to the other
is wanting, and both extremes are found equally among numerous

PIERIS.

317

examples from as widely distant places as Massachusetts and the
Great Slave Lake, though the suite of specimens with which I
have made my comparisons would seem to indicate that the paler
forms are more commonly met with in the more southern localities,
and the more heavily marked ones are the characteristic forms of
the north. It may be noticed in this connection that Kirby, by a
comparison between a single specimen from Massachusetts with
three from lat. 65° K, separated the northern from the southern

as being less heavily marked.

SCCDDEK.

P. protodice BoiscL (p. 17). Scudder, Pr. Boston N. H. Soc. VIII,
1861, 180.

An examination of a large number of specimens in the collection
of the late Dr. Harris, in that of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, and in my own, has shown me that this butterfly also
enjoys a wide geographical range, extending from Texas on the
southwest, Missouri on the west, and the mouth of the Red River
of the North on the northwest, as far as Connecticut, and the
southern Atlantic States on the east.

Coincident with these widely separated geographical limits is its
wide range of variation, especially to be noticed on the under sur-
face of the secondaries, wherein it corresponds remarkably with
P. ohracea. On the one hand, we have secondaries which are
immaculate, save some scarcely perceptible yellow scales on the
discal nervule, bordered by a very few scattered gray scales, a
cluster of a few distant gray scales near the border, between the
first and second superior nervules, and a dozen or so, more widely
separated, similarly situated between the second and third, and the
edge of the wing light greenish-gray, with the fringe white. On
the other hand, we find greenish-gray scales spread quite heavily
along the borders of all the nervures, with the exception of the
basal half of the superior and first inferior nervules, which being
clustered together toward the border into arrow-head spots, and
uniting together at their widest portion, form a transverse zigzag
bar ; in the place of the few grayish scales, between the first and
second superior nervules, we have a large spot of greenish-gray
extending across the first superior nervule to the border; a few
scales only border the anterior half of the third superior and first
inferior nervules, and the yellow scales of the discal nervule are

318 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

only slightly increased iri number, though the scales which border
it make a large spot, and are generally deficient in the greenish
tinge ; the narrow border is interrupted by the darker scales which
form the swollen tips of the arrow-head spots.

These extremes of variation I have found most generally in the
male; in the other sex, I have not seen any specimens which had
these wings so nearly immaculate as that first mentioned, the
nearest approach to it being in specimens which discover a few
scattered scales along the borders of the nervures, the cross-bar of
arrow-head spots, reduced to an indefinite indistinct zigzag band,
and the central spot of yellow, bordered with gray scales quite in-
distinct.

It may also be said of this species, as of P. oleracea, that these
differences are observable equally in any locality in which the in-
sect may be found, and the gradation is complete, though I have
not as yet seen any heavily marked males from the extreme western
limit of their range, but all I have examined have been nearly
immaculate.

P. profodice is the American representative of the European
daplidice, the Alpine callidice, the Siberian leucodice, the South
American autodice, the Arabian glanconome, and the South Afri-
can hellica. We have in temperate North America no represent-
ative of the European P. chlorodice.

In eastern Labrador there is a white butterfly, very closely allied
to, but yet distinct from P. oleracea. It was considered by Bois-
duval to be the same (see Spec. Gen. I, 518). Four specimens
were obtained by an expedition sent out in the summer of 1860,
by the Lyceum of Natural History in Williams College, to Labra-
dor and Greenland ; they were collected by Mr. A. S. Packard,
Jr., en Caribou Island, Straits of Belle Isle, and have been sent
me for examination with numerous other insects — it may be called

SCUDDEB.

8. P. frigida Scudder. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII, Sept. 1861, 181.

Two of the specimens obtained were males and two females;
the shape of the secondaries of the male of frigida is as in the
female of oleracea, those of friyida being proportionally narrower
across the hind margin, and broader across a lice parallel to it,
near the base of wing, than in the same sex in oleracea; or in
other words, the secondaries of friyida are relatively more quad-

PJER1S. 319

rate, and those of oleracea more triangular ; the outer half of the
costal border of the secoudaries is slightly more docked \nfrigida
than in oleracea; the dark narrow line which follows the costal
border of the primaries extends around over rather more than half
the outer border of the wing, while in oleracea it seldom extends
beyond the tip, and very rarely half way round the outer border ;
the nervures on the under surface are more heavily marked than
in the darkest individuals of oleracea, though the markings are in
the same locality, such as the outer and uppermost nervules of the
primaries, the median nervure, the nervures of the secondaries,
except the discal, the inner margin next the base, and a band
crossing the cell, which is the extension of the third superior ner-
vule ; the markings of the primaries are heaviest towards the outer
border, those of the secondaries away from it ;. the costal border
of the secondaries at base is slightly tinged with saffron ; the color
of the under surface of the wings is slightly dirty white, tinted with
very pale greenish-yellow, especially noticeable on secondaries and
upper half of primaries ; when any color is present on the prima-
ries of oleracea it is confined to the tip; it differs further from
oleracea in having the black scales at base of both wings above
more profuse and widely spread, frequently bordering the nervures
quite broadly ; indeed grayish scales are more or less scattered
over the whole of the upper surface, giving the insect a grim ap-
pearance, increased rather than diminished by the slightest possible
yellowish tint.

By this description it would be exceedingly difficult to distin-
guish this species otherwise than by immediate comparison with
both sexes of oleracea; the differences are more easily to be seen
than described, though the extreme limits of variation of oleracea
do by no means permit us to include within its boundaries this
comparatively persistent form ; it is more heavily marked than the
extreme of oleracea.

Eastern Labrador.

SCDDDEE,

In order the better to compare together some of our species of
Pieris, I introduce here descriptions of some new species
genus from our western coast.

320 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

9. P. venosa Scudder. Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII, Sept. 1861, 181.

Above, white tinted with very pale greenish-yellow; base of all
the wings black, and costal border of primaries with a black band,
extending about half its length ; extremities of upper nervules of
primaries broadly margined with black scales, with a spot of the
same color in the middle of the space between first and second
inferior nervules; a black dot at the tips of the nervules of second-
aries. The female differs from the male in having nearly all the
nervures on upper side of primaries somewhat bordered with gray-
ish scales, and the extremities of the lower nervules almost equally
with the upper ; but most characteristically by the presence of a
band of grayish scales along the posterior border of primaries,
which is bent abruptly upwards in the direction of the spot in the
space between first and second inferior nervules, and continues to
third inferior nervule, sometimes interrupted at the angle.

Beneath, as in the darker forms of P. oleracea, with the ground
color slightly more highly colored than the upper surface, the ner-
vures of the secondaries being heavily, and those of the primaries
more narrowly bordered with grayish scales, with a saffron-colored
spot at base of costa of secondaries.

Antenna? black, with incomplete white annulations interrupted
above ; tip of club yellowish ; body black, with whitish hairs be-
neath ; the wings expand from 1.75 to 2 inches.

I have examined twenty specimens (5 9, 15 J1 ), brought to the
Museum of Comparative Zoology by Mr. Alexis Agassiz, from
San Mateo and Mendocino City, California.

[Doubleday in his Gen. Diurn. Lep. states that P. callidice Godt. is
found among the Rocky Mountains ; Boisduval, in his Lep. de la Cali-
fornie, enumerates P. leucodice Eversmann among them, remarking that
his specimens "do not difl'er from individuals from Altai ;" and lastly,
Menetries, in his St. Petersburg Catalogue, gives P. autodice Hiibn. as an
inhabitant of California. Since no description has been given in any of
these cases, and the insects themselves are so closely allied, one can
scarcely doubt that these entomologists had before them specimens of the
same Californian species. Among the large number of species from the
Pacific coast, which I have examined, I have never seen anything ap-
proaching near enough to either of these to warrant the positive assertion
that it was the species referred to by them. P. venosa is the most nearly
allied for which I cannot but think they have mistaken it, sad as the blunder
may be. P. callidice, leucodice, and autodice are represented by P. proto-
dice, belonging to an entirely different section of the genus from P. venosa.]

SCUDDEK.

PIERIS. 321

10. P. marginalia Scudder. Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII, Sept. 1861, 183.

This species is most closely allied to the preceding P. venosa.
The ground color is as in venosa, but almost devoid of markings ;
base of all the wings black ; costal border of primaries with a nar-
row black band, extending about half its length ; a few grayish
scales at the tip of wings ; outer edge of primaries, and posterior
edge of secondaries with a very fine black line, slightly swollen at
the tips of the nervures ; fringe white ; beneath as in P. venosa,
with the secondaries and apex of primaries more yellowish ; males
and females alike in their markings.

Body black, with some white hairs above, and a considerable
number of yellowish white ones beneath ; antennae as in P. venosa.
The wings expand two inches.

I have seen only two specimens (1 9, 1 cf ) which are in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. The female came from the Gulf
of Georgia,' and the male from Crescent City, California. They

were obtained by Mr. Agassiz.

SCUDDEK.

11. P. pallida Scudder. Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII, Sept. 1861, 183.

Above, very pale-yellowish, nearly white ; base of both wings
and basal half of costal border of primaries dotted with grayish
scales ; whole costal edge of primaries black; the male has, in ad-
dition, a band of grayish scales on the posterior border of prima-
ries as in the male of P. venosa, turned abruptly towards, and
sometimes interrupted at the angle, extending to the third inferior
nervule ; and in the middle of the space between the first and
second inferior nervules, as in both sexes of P. venosa, a cluster
of grayish scales.

Beneath, secondaries and apex of primaries yellowish, with some-
times a few indistinct grayish scales scattered along the nervures,
otherwise quite immaculate.

Body, above black, with scattered yellowish hairs ; beneath yel-
low; antennae as in P. venosa. The wings expand two inches.

This species was obtained by Mr. Alex. Agassiz, at the Gulf of
Georgia. I have had before me five specimens (3 9,2 J1), which

are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

SCUDDER.

322 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

12. P. tau Scudder. Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII, Sept. 1861, 183.

Above, pure white ; costal border of primaries with a broad
black band, suddenly bending downwards and outwards, and fol-
lowing the discal nervule to its uttermost extremity, forming, with
the black body, an elegantly formed T ; this band has a white
streak in it at the base ; beyond the costal band, and connected
with it by the black edge of the costal border, is a large apical
spot, the inner edge of which runs parallel to the outer edge of the
extension of the costal band, till it reaches the first inferior ner-
vule, when it curves towards the base a short way, and again ex-
tending downwards, with an incurved border, reaches the second
inferior nervule, where it is rather abruptly broken ; this spot has
three or four, sometimes five white, unequal, oval, sometimes round
spots, the largest nearest the apex ; some blackish scales follow
the principal nervures of the secondaries for a short distance, and
the tips of the nervures are sometimes black, otherwise there are
no markings on the secondaries of the male, except the dusky re-
flection of the markings of the lower surface, which the transpa-
rency of the wing allows ; the female, however, repeats slightly at
the outer angle the markings of the lower surface.

Beneath, pure white ; the markings of the upper surface of the
primaries are repeated, with the white spots and streaks slightly
enlarged and increased ; the nervures of the secondaries are all
narrowly bordered with blackish scales, which expand at the tips ;
commencing at the termination of the first superior nervule, a sub-
marginal narrow band approximately follows the curve of the
margin, is beut at the third superior nervule, and extends to the
inner angle.

Labial palpi with mingled black and white hairs; antennas
black, with white scales scattered irregularly over the sides and
under surface, as far as the club. Body black, with whitish hairs,
especially below. The wings expand two inches.

It represents in Washington Territory the P. sisimbrii Boisd.
of California. A large number of specimens are in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, obtained by Mr. A. Agassiz at the Gulf
of Georgia.

The distinction I have made between males and females in the
foregoing descriptions, is founded upon characters which I first
noticed by comparing together the two sexes of P. protodice, a
species whose sexes have been known for a long time, and which

PIERIS. 323

are easily distinguished by their markings. On placing together,
side by side, series of males and females of this species, it was dis-
covered that there was a sexual distinction in the cut of the hind
margin of the secondaries ; it consists in the female having the
outer angle more prominent, and so the whole hind margin less
regularly curved, or, as it might be expressed, more flattened —
these differences, though slight and requiring a careful examina-
tion, hold persistently in all species of Pieris I have examined. I
have in several cases tested it carefully, by separating, upon this
characteristic, the specimens of those species which exhibit two
classes of individuals with distinct markings, and have in all cases
found the markings to be coincident unequivocally with the cut of
the wing. It will be seen, however, that in all the species it does
not hold, as in P. protodice, that the female is the darkest.

Two of the species I have described from Western America, P.
venosa and P. pallida, represent respectively the P. napi and P.
rapce of Europe. It will be noticed in the European species that
each has the same plan of ornamentation upon the upper surface
of primaries, namely, a large apical and small subrnarginal central
spot, and that the peculiar distinction between the two is found in
the presence or absence of the dark scales bordering the nervures
of the secondaries. Just so is it in the Western American species,
separated most characteristically from one another by the same
distinction in the under surface of the secondaries, and linked to-
gether in the same way by certain characters of ornamentation
(which, however, are not borrowed from its European congeners),
that is, by the presence in the males of the bent band of the inner
margin of primaries, and a small submarginal central spot. But
when we turn to Eastern America we find this striking circum-

stance, that P. oleracea, within its own wide range of variation
represents both P. rapce. and napi of Europe, and both, P. pallida
and venosa of the Pacific coast ; — and what do we discover here,
but that, discarding the strict lines of demarcation which separate
alike P. rapce and napi and P. pallida and venosa, it follows in-
stead, with remarkable similarity, the range of variation discover-
able in P. protodice, as before described, a species much farther
removed from it in the genus than are they, thus simulating rather
its geographical neighbor than its nearest congeners.

P. frigida and P. marginalis appear to have no true represen-
tatives.

SCDDDEK.

324 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM. Y. XYMPHALIDAE, p. 40.

By W. H. EDWARDS (m Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861).

MELIT2EA FAB. p. 50.
7. M. mylitta Edivards.

Male. Upper side fulvous ; fringe of primaries alternately black
and white, of secondaries white ; on hind margin of primaries a
broad black border, in which is a series of fulvous lunules, the
middle one largest and projecting, preceded by a sinuous row of
round fulvous spots which increase in size towards the inner mar-
gin ; next, a fulvous band, the upper half of which intersects the
preceding row at the fifth spot, making it appear bifid on the costal
margin ; this band is edged anteriorly by a black line which is
dilated on costal and on inner margin ; on the distal arc a fulvous
streak entirely edged with black ; base of both wings covered by
wavy confluent black lines, as in Tharos.

Secondaries have a narrow black marginal border, on the ante-
rior edge of which is a row of fulvous lunules, the one next the
anal angle bisected longitudinally by a black line ; above these a
row of black dots, the one in the anal angle oblong ; on the costal
margin near the outer angle a black patch, from which an inter-
rupted dark line crosses the wing to near the abdominal margin.

Under side : primaries pale fulvous, clouded with yellowish on
the apex and hind margin ; the black markings on the disk of
upper side indicated below from the transparency of the wing ; a
black patch near the inner angle, a faint black streak on costal
margin, and another on inner margin corresponding with the
dilated extremities of the line above ; both wings bordered by
lunules.

Secondaries yellowish, clouded with brown on the disk and on
the hind margin; the middle lunule white and arrow-shaped, those
next the angles yellowish, the others dark brown ; a row of brown
points corresponding with the spots above ; across the middle of
the wing an irregular band of yellowish white edged with ferrugi-
nous ; next the base several white or yellow-white spots edged with
ferruginous.

Female. One third larger than the male, which it resembles ;
the marginal spots and transverse band on primaries are of lighter

MELIT^EA. 325

color, the latter tawny; the marginal lunules on secondaries are
tawny ; beneath, the lunules next the inner angles of secondaries
are silver white, as are the band and the spots next the base ; near
the apex of primaries are four or five small silver spots. Expands
1.2 inch.

Texas, Kansas, California.

This species appears to vary widely in color. Individuals are
found blackish instead of fulvous, the wavy lines near the base lost
in the uniform shade. The marginal spots and band are light
colored, nearly yellow, but disposed as in the type above described ;

the under side exhibits little variation.

EDWARDS.

8. M. minuta Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Upper side orange fulvous ; a narrow black border upon the
hind margin of both wings, within which is a series of fulvous
lunules ; preceding the black border a narrow common fulvous
band edged anteriorly with black, and inclosing on costal margin
of primaries a transverse row of four obsolete white spots ; from
this band to the base both wings are marked by transverse, undu-
lated black lines ; base clouded with brown ; costa of primaries
brown ; fringe white, cut with black at the intersection of the
nervures.

Under side orange, brighter on secondaries ; a narrow white
border on the hind margin of both wings ; anterior to this a series
of white luuules, each edged with black ; on costal margin of pri-
maries a transverse row of four white spots ; beyond this to the
base black markings as on upper side ; on secondaries the lunules
are preceded by an immaculate orange band, beyond which is a
broad transverse white band, containing three rows of black spots,
somewhat irregularly placed, and mostly oblong; some of the
middle row circular ; another irregular white band crosses the
wing towards the base, edged with black spots ; at the base a
white spot edged with black. Expands 1.4 inch.

Texas.

EDWARDS.

9. M. nycteis Doubleday. Figured in Doubl. & Hewitson, pi. 23.

Male. — Upper side tawny ; fringe long, with alternate bars of
black and white ; primaries next the base crossed by black undu-
lated lines edged without by a zigzag black band which is dilated
on the costal and on the inner margin ; a broad black border on

326 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

hind margin and apex, within which, along the margin is an inter-
rupted series of points, the middle one lunular, the two next the
apex white, the others tawny ; preceding these a transverse sinu-
ous row of small spots, nearly round, tawny, except the two on
the costal margin, which are white and minute ; between the black
border and the zigzag band a broad sinuous tawny band common
to both wings.

Secondaries next the base greenish-black, lightly sprinkled with
tawny atoms, and marked by two or three patches of same color,
the outline less irregular than on primaries ; on hind margin a
narrow black border, which extends also along the costal margin
to the common tawny band ; from its anterior edge on the costa,
a wavy black line crosses the disk and terminates inside the abdo-
minal margin ; upon the hind margin a series of yellow lunules,
the third from the anal angle largest and projected; above these a
broad tawny band, edged anteriorly by the wavy black line, in-
closes a row of six black spots, the middle one largest, the one in
the anal angle long ; abdominal margin paler than disk.

Under side : primaries tawny, next the base showing faintly the
black markings of the upper side ; a small patch of black on inner
margin ; hind margin and apex pale brown, clouded and spotted
on the apex with white ; a marginal series of arrow-shaped spots
of yellowish-white, the third from the inner angle and two next
the apex largest ; anterior to these, the transverse row of spots on
upper side is reproduced faintly ; secondaries pale brown, clouded
in the disk and on hind margin with black ; a marginal series of
unequal silver lunnles; above these a row of six black spots edged
with yellow, the first next the costa nearly obsolete, the second
and third round, the fourth and fifth semi-oval, and the sixth long;
the fourth faintly pupilled with white ; across the middle of the
wing an irregular silver band, and between this and the base seve-
ral silver spots, all edged with dark brown ; within the cell two
small yellow spots ; body above greenish-black, beneath white ;
antennas brown, annulated with white; club reddish-brown.

Female. One-third larger than male, which it closely resembles ;
the marginal spots on primaries beneath are long and attenuated ;
the silver lunules of secondaries take the form of a deeply crenated
band ; a distinct silver pupil in the fourth black spot. Expands
1.4 inch.

Illinois, Missouri.

EDWARDS.

LIMENITIS — SATYRUS. 327

LIMENITIS FAB. Nymphalis La.tr. p. 64.
5. L. weidemeyerii Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliilad. 18G1.

Male. Upper side brownish-black, with a broad common white
band a little beyond the middle, making an obtuse angle within on
the primaries and tapering towards the abdominal margin of
secondaries, divided into long spots by the nervures; posterior to
this band on secondaries an obsolete row of fulvous spots; within
the hind margin of both wings a series of small white spots, mi-
nute on secondaries; between these and the band on costal margin
of primaries a short transverse row of four white spots, the second
largest, the fourth minute ; crenations white.

Under side paler, with a common white band and four white
spots on primaries as above ; on secondaries a row of fulvous spots
posterior to the band ; a little within the hind margin of both
wings a series of large lunules cut transversely and unequally by a
crenated black line parallel to the margin ; these lunules are bluish-
white except towards apex of primaries, where the inner row is
white ; on primaries a narrow ferruginous band upon the discal
arc, followed within the cell successively by blue atoms, a bluish-
white band and a ferruginous band, both narrow, transverse, and
oblique ; next the base blue atoms ; costa ferruginous ; on second-
aries the broad abdominal margin is bluish-white ; the entire space
between the band and the base is striped transversely with white
and bluish-white, divided into spots by the nervures, with ferrugi-
nous lines between the stripes ; costa white ; body above black ;
beneath white, with a black stripe along the side of abdomen ;
palpi and legs white; antennae and club brownish-black. Expands
2.6 inch.

Rocky Mountains.

EDWARDS.

FAM. SATYRIDAE, p. 70.

SATYRUS FAB. p. 76.
5. S. sylvestris Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliilad. 1861.

Mole. Upper side brown ; fringe same color ; behind and along
the discal cell of primaries a dark patch extending from the base
half way to the apex ; near the apex a small round black spot
with a faint iris ; a black point near the inner angle. Under side

328 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

paler ; primaries with a tinge of yellow ; two ocelli corresponding
to the spots above, the larger next the apex, each with white
pupils and yellow iris; the disks of both wings finely streaked with
dark brown ; a dark line parallel to and near the hind margin of
primaries ; on secondaries are two dots — a white one in the anal
angle, a dark one near the apex.

Female. Same size as the male, a little lighter color ; near the
apex of primaries a single spot ; the dark patch as in the male ;
on the under side two dots near the anal angle of secondaries.
Expands 1.9 inch.

California.

EDWARDS.

COENONYMPHA, p. 80.

3. C. inornata Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side ochrey brown, lighter in the disk of all the
wings; costal margin of primaries and abdominal margin of
secondaries grayish ; no spots above or below ; fringe gray,
crossed by a darker line.

Under side : primaries same color as above from the base to
beyond the middle ; then a transverse sinuous ray of paler color,
and beyond this to hind margin grayish ; sometimes this ray dis-
appears, the basal color extending nearly to the apex ; secondaries
gray, with a slight greenish tinge, darker from base to middle, and
this shade separated from the paler margin by a transverse, tortu-
ous, interrupted ray, the course of which is parallel to the hind
margin.

Female. Wholly dull ochrey yellow, marked as the male. Ex-
pands 1.4 inch.

Lake Winnipeg. .

EDWARDS.

4. C. ochracea Edwards. Pr. Aca<l. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side entirely of a bright, glossy ochre yellow, with-
out any spot or mark, except what is caused by the transparency
of the wings ; base of both winps dark gray ; abdominal margin
of secondaries pale gray ; fringe pale gray, crossed by a darker
line.

Under side : primaries same color as above ; costal margin, apex
and base grayish ; near the apex a round, sometimes rounded-

LYC7ENA. 329

oblong, black spot with white pupil and pale yellow iris ; this is
preceded by an abbreviated, pale yellow, transverse ray.

Secondaries light reddish-brown, grayish along the hind margin ;
abdominal margin and base dark gray ; near the hind margin and
parallel to it is a series of six black dots, sometimes obsolete,
usually with white pupil and broad yellow iris; near the base two
irregular pale brown spots, and midway between the base and the
hind margin a sinuous, interrupted ray of same color, extending
nearly across the wing.

Female. Like the male. Expands 1.4 to 1.6 inch.

Lake Winnipeg ; Kansas ; California.

EDWARDS.

FAM. VIII. LYC^ENIDAE, p. 81.

LYOaiNA OCHS. (Thecla Fab.) p. 11.

26. L. anna Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side violet-blue with a pink tinge, brighter at the
base and on costal margin of primaries ; hind margin of both
wings narrowly edged with black, which in the primaries extends
slightly along the nervures and the costal margin ; fringe white.

Under side grayish-white with a tinge of blue at the base ; pri-
maries with a discal streak, followed by a transverse series of six
small black spots, the one next the inner angle double, and the
fifth largest ; both wings bordered by rusty spots surmounted by
black crescents, the four or five nearest the anal angle powdered
posteriorly with silver atoms ; secondaries have three small spots
near the base, an obsolete discal spot, and a transverse series of
eight small spots in a double unequal curve.

Female. Upper side light brown, with an obsolete discal spot
on primaries ; hind margin of both wings bordered by a series of
fulvous crescents, which in the secondaries partly inclose spots of
dark brown. Under side fawn-colored, marked as in the male.
Expands 1.3 inch.

California.

EDWARDS.
>y ,,£ 't £»— xy> '

27. L.^Jeudderii Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. In size, form and color, resembles cegon of Europe.
Upper side dark violet blue ; hind margin of both wings and cos-

— ,

330 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

tal margin of secondaries edged with black ; costal margin of pri-
maries lias a fine black border ; fringe white.

Under side dark gray ; primaries have an oval black discal spot,
a transverse, tortuous series of six black spots, all edged with white,
the one next the inner angle double, the fifth twice as long as the
others ; on the hind margin a double series of faint spots ; second-
aries with four black spots near the base, one being very close to
the inner margin, and minute; a discal streak and a series of eight
spots in a double unequal curve, all of which, as well as the basal
spots, are edged with white ; a marginal series of six or seven
metallic spots, each surmounted by a spot of fulvous, which is
bordered anteriorly by a dark crescent ; these metallic spots are
edged posteriorly and sometimes replaced by black ; ends of nerv-
ures expanded into small black spots.

Female. Upper side brown, with a black discal spot on prima-
ries ; secondaries with a marginal row of obsolete spots surmounted
by grayish crescents. Under side pale bun"; primaries as in the
male, except that the discal spot is preceded by a small double
spot, and all the spots are larger; on the secondaries the spots are
less distinct, and some of them wanting ; the transverse series is
set in a band of white ; marginal spots without the metallic gloss.
Expands 1.1 inch.

Lake Winnipeg.

EDWARDS.

28. L. fuliginosa Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side entirely blackish-brown ; fringe lighter.
Under side light brown, with a dark discal spot and a double row
of rusty points parallel to the hind margin of both wings, the
outer row on primaries obsolete.

Female. A little larger, of lighter color both above and below,
but similarly marked. Expands 1.3 inch.

California.

EDWARDS.

FAM. VI. ^EGERIADAE, HARRIS, p. 137.

TROCHILIUM, p. 137.
13. T. acerni Clemens. Proc. A. N. S. for 1860, p. 14.

Both wings transparent. Antennce little thickened at the tips.

TROCHILIUM. 331

Abdomen sessile, tufted at the tip. Hind tarsi very slender and
smooth, as long as the tibice.

Head and labial palpi deep reddish-orange, the former white in
front of the eyes. Antenna bluish-black, the basal joint reddish-
orange in front. Thorax ochreons yellow, with the tegula? in front
touched with pale bluish-black. Abdomen bluish-black, varied
with ochreous yellow; terminal tuft deep reddish-orange. Fore
wings with the margins and median nervure bluish-black, dusted
with yellowish ; a large discal, bluish-black patch ; terminal por-
tion of the wing ochreous yellow, with a blackish subterminal
band, and the nervules blackish ; the hinder margin bluish-black
and the cilia deep fuscous. Hind wings with a black discal patch ;
nervules blackish, and hinder margin blackish. Under surface of
the body ochreous yellow, with a bluish-black patch on each side
of the second abdominal segment. The middle and posterior
tibia? annulated with bluish-black at their ends; the anterior
blackish, with the coxa? touched with reddish-orange. All the
tarsi touched with blackish above. The larva bores the trunk of
the maple.

Northern States.

CLEMENS.

Group Parantlireue.

14. T. bassiformis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 39.

Male. Black. Head with red hairs behind. Palpi red, with
some black hairs beneath. Antenna? red, minutely pectinated,
very slightly thickened towards the tips, very much longer than
the thorax. Thorax with two testaceous (?) stripes. Abdomen
with testaceous (?) dorsal spots, much narrower than that of P.
vespiformis. Posterior tibia? with a single testaceous band ; fore
tibia? and anterior tarsi red; hind tibiae and hind tarsj much longer
than those of ^E. vespiformis ; hind tarsi testaceous. Fore wings
purplish, with a limpid basil stripe, and with a reddish streak in
front. Hind wings limpid, with a lurid tinge ; cilia? cupreous.
Length of the body 6i lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

15. T. pyramidalis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 40.

Male. Black. Head with yellow hairs about the eyes. Palpi
yellow beneath; third joint elongate-conical, much less than half

332 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the length of the second. Antennae rather stout, almost filiform,
slightly pectinated, ferruginous beneath, very much longer than
the thorax. Thorax with two yellow spots on each side, one at
the base of the fore-wing and one in front. Abdominal segments
with yellow bands, which are broadest and most distinct beneath.
Legs with whitish stripes. Wings limpid with blackish cupreous
ciliae. Fore wings blackish cupreous along the costa and at the
tips, and with a blackish cupreous band, which is slightly bordered
with red ; a red line along the hind border. Length of the body
5£ — 6 lines ; of the wings 9 — 11 lines.

St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay.

WALKER.

Group Bembecia.

16. T. odyneripennis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 42.

Female. Dark brown, slightly cupreous. Head whitish about
the eyes. Palpi yellow, obliquely ascending, not long. Antennas
bluish-black, simple, subfiliform, rather stout, very little longer
than the thorax. Thorax with three yellow spots on each side.
Abdomen with a yellow band on the hind border of each segment.
Legs yellow ; femora striped with brown. Wings limpid, with
cupreous ciliae. Fore wings cupreous along the costa and at the
tips, and with the usual band of the same hue. Length of the
body 5£ — 6| lines; of the wings 11 — 13 lines.

Nova Scotia.

WALKER.

17. T. emphytiformis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 43.

Male. Purplish black. Head with white hairs in front. Palpi
thickly clothed beneath with rather long brown and tawny hairs.
Antennae ferruginous. Thorax with a yellow band in front, and
with a yellow spot at the base of each fore wing, and one at the
tip of the scutellum. Abdomen with a yellow band on each seg-
ment ; apical tuft black, with a few yellow hairs. Legs red, partly
yellow ; femora black ; tibias with black stripes. Wings purplish
cupreous. Fore wings yellow and partly red in the disk, which is
interrupted by the usual band. Hind wings slightly streaked with
red, limpid towards the base. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the
wings 10 lines. Female. Head yellow in front and along the hind
border. Palpi yellow, clothed beneath with reddish hairs. An-

TROCHILIUM. 333

tennse red, blackish towards the tips. Apical tuft of the abdo-
men luteous, with a few black hairs on each side. Tibice wholly
red. Fore wings with red disks. Hind wings mostly red along
the borders.

In this species and in the JE. Odyneripennis the antennas of the
male are more deeply pectinated than in the European species of
the group Bembecia.

United States.

WALKEK.

18. T. pyralidiformis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 44.

Female. Cupreous brown. Head with yellow hairs about the
eyes. Palpi yellow, slender. Antennae slender, subclavate, very
much longer than the thorax. Pectus with a yellow stripe on each
side. Abdomen with a yellow band at the middle of its length.
Hind tibia? mostly yellow ; hind tarsi whitish. Fore wings cupre-
ous-brown, with a yellowish basal streak on the under side. Hind
wings limpid, with cupreous-brown cilia?. Length of the body 4
lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

Group Conopia.

19. T. sapygeeformls Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 45.

Male. Bluish-black. Head with red hairs behind. Palpi red,
black above towards the base. Antennas serrated and pubescent
beneath, very much shorter than those of the European Conopicn.
Abdomen with a slight red band at the base ; segments from the
fifth to the eighth red ; apical tuft blue. Anterior tibia? tawny ;
hind tibise with red tips ; tarsi mostly testaceous. Wings with
cupreous cilia?. Fore wings blue, purple towards the tips, with a
red discal streak, behind which there is a limpid streak. Hind
wings limpid. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

This species differs much from the typical form of Conopia, and
somewhat approaches Pyropteron.

United States.

WALKER.

20. T. geliformis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 46.

Male. Black. Head white on each side in front. Palpi almost
bare ; third joint lanceolate, rather less than half the length of the

334 LEPIUOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

second. Antennas bluish-black, simple, ferruginous beneath and
slightly thicker towards the tips, about twice the length of the
thorax. Abdomen red, black at the base ; apical tuft bluish-
black ; red towards the base. Fore wings bluish-black. Hind
wings limpid, with blackish tips and hind borders. Length of the
body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

SA1VNI1VA WALKER.

Male. Body rather stout. Proboscis almost obsolete. Palpi
slender, curved, acuminated, obliquely ascending, almost bare ;
third joint very slender, just half the length of the second. An-
tennae filiform, simple, rather slender, acuminated at the tips, nearly
twice the length of the thorax. Abdomen about twice the length
of the thorax. Legs slender ; hind tibiae long and stout, some-
what pilose, as is also the hind metatarsus. Wings narrow,
opaque, squamous. Hind wings limpid at the base. Female ?
Palpi a little stouter than those of the male ; third joint shorter
and stouter. Antennas like those of the male. Abdomen about
twice the length of the thorax. Hind tibiae more slender and .
much shorter than those of the male ; hind metatarsus slender,
not pilose. Fore wings opaque. Hind wings limpid, opaque at
the base.

1. S. uroceriformis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 64.

Male. Bluish-black. Head reddish behind. Palpi reddish,
black towards the tips above. Thorax somewhat ferruginous.
Abdomen with a broad orange band on the fourth segment.
Wings metallic green, mingled with blue and purple; cilice cupre-
ous. Hind wings limpid at the base. Length of the body 7
lines; of the wings 14 lines. Female1? Head and palpi black.
Antennas whitish at the base. Abdomen with a red band.
Wings with black cilia?. Hind wings limpid, bluish-black at the
base. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

TROCHILIUM. 335

MELITTIA WALKER.

Body rather stout. Proboscis elongated. Palpi moderately
long, slightly pilose ; third joint lanceolate, hardly half the length
of the second. Antennae subclavate or clavate, rather longer than
the thorax. Abdomen oblanceolate, much longer than the thorax.
Legs stout ; hind legs most densely pilose, with long hairs, which
extend nearly to the tips of the tarsi. Wings hyaline, rather nar-
row. Fore wings occasionally opaque ; fourth inferior vein not
very remote from the third, which is near to the first and to the
second.

North America.

1. M. ceto Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 60.

Aurato-viridis; caput antice et apud oculos album; palpi lutei,
basi albi ; abdomen rufum maculis dorsalibus nigris, subtus lu-
teum ; pedes rufi, nigro albo que varii; alae anticae aurato-virides;
posticas limpidas.

United States.

WALKER.

Far.? Olivacea; palpi pallide flavi, fasiculo subapicali nigro;
antenna? viridi-nigne; abdomen ochraceum, fascia basali maculis
que dorsalibus nigris ; pedes postici pilis extus ochraceis intus
nigris dense herti ; aloe anticas olivaceo-fuscoa opacse, posticae lim-
pidas fusco marginal®.

Massachusetts.

WALKER.

2. M? flavitibia Walker. C. B. M. VIII. Trochiliwntibiale Karris. Am.
Journ. Sci. XXXVI.

Fusesceus ; caput apud oculos flavum ; antennae nigra? ; thorax
flavo bivittatus; abdominis segmenta flavo marginata; tibiae flavae,
posticaa pilis flavis dense vestitas ; alas limpida?, anticre marginibus
fascia que abbreviata pallide fuscis.

New Hampshire.

WALKER.

336 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM. XI. NOTODONTIDAE, p. 238.

HETEROCAMPA.

3. H. semiplaga Walker. Canadian Naturalist, 1861.

Male and Female. Cinereous, thickly pilose, with a slight olive-
green tinge, whitish-cinereous beneath. Palpi distinct, obliquely
ascending, not extending beyond the frontal tuft. Thorax by the
hind border and abdomen at the base black. Wings partly clouded
with black, adorned with three indistinct irregular denticulated
black lines ; marginal line black ; fringe with black points. Fore
wings somewhat rounded at the tips, with a submarginal line of
black dots. Male. Antennae tawny, moderately pectinated to three-
fourths of the length. Female. Antennae simple. Length of the
body 9 lines ; of the wings 20 lines.

Township of Montcalra, Canada.

WALKER.

FAM. XII. ARCTIADAE, p. 248.
ARCTIA SCHB.

Stature robust. Head and thorax" with long hairs. Tongue
usually very short. Palpi porrect, short, very hairy ; first article
longer than the second ; the third subacute. Antennae slender,
rather long. Thorax not crested. Abdomen annulate, robust.
Male. Antennae pectinate. Female. Antennae serrate, sometimes
pectinate. Hind tibiae with four spurs; fore tibiae simple. Colors
and markings different ; primaries dark, sometimes white, gray, or
yellow, or with bright spots or streaks ; secondaries with dark
spots on a lighter ground. Secondaries with eight veins. Flight
nocturnal. Larvae solitary.

1. A. americana Harris. Figured in Agassiz' Lake Superior, pi. 7, fig. 5.

Head brown ; antennae white above, with brown pectinations.
Thorax brown above, margined before with an arcuated yellowish-
white band, which is continued on the outer edge of the shoulder
covers; upper edge of the collar crimson-red. Primaries coffee-
brown, with three yellowish-white spots on the outer edge, and

ARCTIA. 337

crossed by irregular anastomosing yellowish-white lines. Seconda-
ries bright ochre-yellow, with a large reniform central black spot,
two round black spots behind, a third smaller spot near the anal
angle, and a black dot between the middle and inner margin.
Abdomen tawny, with four blackish dorsal spots. Legs dusky ;
thighs and anterior tibiae fringed with red hairs ; hindmost tarsi
whitish, annulated with black.

Lake Superior.

HARRIS.

2. A. parthenos Harris. Figured in Agassiz' Lake Superior, pi. 7.

Head brown, with a crimson fringe above and between the black
antennas. Thorax brown above, margined before with an arcuated
cream-colored band, which is continued on each side of the outer
edge of the shoulder covers ; upper edge of the collar crimson red.
Primaries dusky brown, with three small cream-colored spots on
the outer edge ; four spots of the same color in a line near the
inner margin, and several more scattered on the disk. Secondaries
deep ochre-yellow, with the base, the basal edge of the inner mar-
gin, a triangular spot in the middle, adjoining the basal spot and
a broad indented band behind, black. Abdomen dusky above,
tawny at the tip and beneath. Legs dusky, thighs and tibiae
fringed with crimson hairs.

Lake Superior.

HARRIS.

3. A. placentia Abbot. Figured in Sm. Abb. pi. 65.

Fuscous ; primaries with one or three pale testaceous spots ;
secondaries reddish, margin and some submarginal spots fuscous ;
abdomen above reddish, with the dorsal spots and apex fuscous.

Var. a. Fore wings with the outer fringe partly pale testaceous ;
and with several spots and dots of the same color in the disk.

Var. b. Fore wings with the outer fringe wholly blackish-brown,
unspotted, except two very miuute testaceous dots.

North America.

4. A. virginalis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 321.

Upper side black, with about twenty yellow spots on the prima-
ries. Secondaries fulvous, with three bands and the principal
nerves black ; the band of the extremity incomplete, ending before
reaching the anal angle ; sometimes all the bands are united by
22

338 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the nerves, the ground is then black, with fulvous squares. Head
fulvous ; thorax black, with the shoulders yellow ; scutellura ful-
vous ; body fulvous above, with black rings, bluish-black below.
Under side of the secondaries as above. Under side of the pri-
maries with the spots at the base and of the middle fulvous.
San Francisco.

BOISD.

5. A. virgo Sm. Abb. Var. CallimorpJia pnrthenice Kirby. Figured in

Sm. Abb. pi. 62 ; Naturalist's Lib. vol. 36, pi. 19. Var. in Faun.
Bor. Amer. IV, pi. 5.

Primaries carneous, fading to reddish buff, and covered with
many stripes and lance-shaped spots of black ; secondaries ver-
railion-red, with several large angular spots towards the posterior
margin. Antennas ferruginous ; thorax fulvous, with three broad
black stripes and two small black spots over the eyes. Under side
of the abdomen black ; upper side vermilion red, with a row of
black spots close together along the top of the back. Larva
brown, rather thickly covered with tufts of brown hair.

Var.? Thorax carneous with five black spots; primaries black,
with pale carneous streaks ; secondaries reddish, with five black
spots.

United States.

NAT. LIBRAKT.

6. A. virguncula Kirby. Figured in Faun. Bor. Amer. IV, pi. 4.

Head pallid ; orbit of the eyes and mouth black ; antenna black,
?errato-pennate ; thorax pallid with five lanceolate black spots ;
the posterior ones being the largest ; primaries black with pallid
rivulets, which are formed by the scales that clothe the nervures,
and produce the rays at the apex of these wings, when the lines
are traversed by a transverse, angulated band ; underneath they
are pale, with the black points less distinct, except at the apex ; a
black spot in the disk near the costal margin ; the secondaries are
orange-tawny, spotted at the apex with black ; abdomen tawny
above, below pale, with a dorsal and on each side a double lateral
black macular stripe ; trunk underneath black, with pale hairs,
intermixed; legs black; tibiee pale above; thighs with a pale
spot at the base and apex.

Canada.

KlRBT.

ARCTIA. 339

7- A. nais Drury. Figured in Drnry, pi. 7.

Antennae black and pectinated. Head and body light yellowish-
brown. Thorax with three black longitudinal marks, and several
spots on the abdomen. Primaries black, with broad ochre stripes,
the second furcate ; cilioe light yellowish-brown ; secondaries light,
yellowish or ochre brown, with a faint black spot on each and a
broad irregular border of a dusky-black running along the external
edges, but narrow in the middle. Wings entire. Under side paler.

Var. a. Male. Fore stripe of the primaries not joining the
costa.

Var. b. Male. Inner border of the secondaries reddish.

Var. c. Male. Primaries with no pale oblique band towards
the tips.

Var. d. Female. Like Var. c. Secondaries red, with broad
blackish borders. Abdomen wholly brown, except on each side
above towards the base.

Var. e. Female. Primaries with testaceous veins ; fore stripe
and part of the middle stripe almost obsolete.

United States.

WESTWOOD.

8. A. phyllira Drury. Figured in Drury I, pi. 7 ; Sm. Abb. II, pi. 64.

Primaries black, ciliae cream-color; margin next the body cream-
color ; one longitudinal line, two transverse lines and near the
tip two zigzag lines, forming a VV °f huff. Secondaries red, with
four black spots. Margins black.

United States.

HARRIS.

0. A. parthenice Kirby. Var. A. tirgo.

Antennae black pectinated ; thorax flesh-colored, with two ante-
rior and three posterior oblong black spots, the latter being the
largest ; primaries black, with the so-called rivulets pale, with a
slight pinkish tint ; the main streams, especially towards the apex,
form several islets, most of which are divided by slender ones which
do not appear on the under side ; the secondaries are of the color
of red lead, with five black spots towards the posterior margin,
the intermediate three forming a macular band above which is one
smaller, and below it another. Underneath, also, a small spot at
the costal margin above the other.

Canada.

KIRBY.

340 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

10. A. dione ITiibn. Fab., Sm. Abb. Arge Drnry. Figured in Drury,

I, pi. 18 ; Sm. Abb. pi. 63 ; Naturalist's Library, vol. 36, pi. 19.

Ground color of primaries and thorax cream-color, sometimes
delicate pink ; surface variegated with numerous black lines and
angular spots. Secondaries cream-color or tinged with red, with
a fulvous marginal line and many oblong black spots behind.
Antenna? black at the extremities ; neck red, with two small black
streaks above it ; thorax with a black stripe in the centre and
another on each side ; abdomen with three rows of black spots,
those along the back being largest. Anterior femurs red, with
two black spots close to the head.

Var. a. Primaries reddish-white, with cuneiform black spots.
Secondaries red, with black yellow bordered spots.

Var. b. Spots of the primaries much larger and forming a
stripe toward the hind border.

Var. c. Spots of the primaries still larger and more inclined to
form stripes. Spots of the secondaries without yellow borders.

Var. d. Secondaries whitish, spots small and without yellow-
borders.

Larva dark brown, with five pale or yellow longitudinal stripes,
each segment bearing a transverse row of fulvous tubercles, from
which spring a dense tuft of brown hairs.

United States.

NAT. LIBRARY.

11. A. hyperborea Curtis. C. B. M. 611.

Fuscous ; primaries with a costal spot and posterior vitta inter-
rupted with rust-red; secondaries fuscous, with a band unimacu-
late and margin ochry.

Arctic America.

WALKER.

/tx

, ^yyr^if. 12. A. Isabella Hiibn. Figured in Sm. Abb. II, pi. 68.

Antenna? filiform, tawny-yellow. Thorax tawny and brownish.
Abdomen tawny, deeper color beneath ; three rows of black spots,
six or seven in each row. Primaries tawny, with a few black
scattering spots. Secondaries nearly transparent, slightly tawny,
with six spots ; legs black or dark brown.

United States.

SM. ABBOT.

ARCTIA. 341

13. A. gelida Moesch. C. B. M. 611.

Black, thorax bivittate with yellow ; sides of the abdomen
yellow, spotted with black ; primaries yellowish, with black an-
gular spots; secondaries subcinereous.

Labrador.

WALKER.

14. A. rubricosa Harris. Ins. Mass. 253.

Primarie&.reddish-brown, almost, transparent, with a small black
spot near the middle ; secondaries dusky, becoming blacker behind
(more rarely red with a broad blackish border behind), with two
black dots near the middle ; the inner margin next to the body
and the fringe, reddish ; thorax reddish-brown ; abdomen cinnabar
red, with a row of black dots on the top and another row on each
side. Expands an inch and a quarter.

Massachusetts.

HARRIS.

15. A. dahttrica CoisJ. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 321. Figured in

Boisd. Icon. Hist. Lep. 126, 2, pi. 60.

Carneous ; head, three streaks of the body and numerous inter-
costal spots of the primaries black; secondaries yellowish, base
and cilias yellow, with black spots.

California, Siberia.

BOISD.

16. A. fignrata Drunj, II, pi. 12.

Upper side. Antennae dark brown and pectinated. Thorax
cream-color and black. Abdomen black, sides red. Primaries
black, a cream-colored line running from the shoulders parallel to
and at a small distance from the posterior edge, towards the lower
corner, stopping at about one-third from the external edge, from
whence, near the end of this line, arise two others, which rnn
almost to the anterior edges. Secondaries, red in the middle,
surrounded, except on the abdominal edges, by a broad black
margin. Sometimes only with a small red spot on the secondaries.

Under side. Palpi hairy and black ; wings as on the other side,
with the colors less distinct.

Southern States.

WESTWOOD.

342 LEPIDOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

SPILOSOMA STEPH.

White, gray or yellow, with black dots or vittse ; abdomen with
five rows of black dots, one above and two rows on each side ;
sometimes the points indistinct.

tf 1. S- acrea Drury. Caprotina Cram. ; pscuderminea Peck. Figured in
Drury, I, pi. 3 ; Cram. Pap. Exot. Ill, pi. 287 ; Sm. Abb. pi. 07.

Head, thorax and primaries of the male cream-color or deep
ochre-yellow; the surface of the latter with numerous black spots,
five of which are placed in a regular row along the anterior border
and six on the external one ; secondaries entirely yellow, with a
few black spots near the external edge and middle. Abdomen
yellow, with a row of black spots down the centre and another on
each side ; apex cream-colored ; under side of wings and thighs
deep yellow, female. All the wings white, with numerous black
spots, variable in their distribution, but there is a marginal row
on the inferiors which is wanting iu the male. Eyes and antenna
in both sexes, black.

Larva white, when young ; nearly black, when full grown ;
intermediate stage, reddish-brown ; two yellow lines along the
sides, and a transverse series of orange spots on each segment.
From the back of each segment arises a tuft of blackish hairs.

<^VY^! ' ./o. S. echo Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. II, pi. 68.

» Wings white, veins on both sides margined with black ; abdo-
men luteous, with black spots.

Georgia.

Sat. ABBOT.

•y, 3. S. virginica Fab. Supp. Ent. s. 437. C. B. M. 668. Epimenis Drury,
III, pi. 29.

White, with a black point on the middle of the primaries, and
two black dots on the inferiors ; one in the middle and the other
near the posterior angle, much more distinct on the under side; a
row of black dots on the back ; another on each side and between
these a longitudinal deep yellow stripe ; femora and tibia3 of the
fore legs ochre-yellow.

Larva varies in color ; often of a pale yellow or straw color,

SPILOSOMA. 343

with a black line along each side of the body, and a transverse
line of the same color between each of the segments, and it is
covered with long pale yellow hairs. Others are of a brownish-
yellow or foxy red. Head and ends of the feet ochre-yellow ;
body below blackish.

Var. a. Wings wholly white.

Var. b. Primaries with one black dot.

Var. c. Primaries with one black dot ; secondaries with two
black dots.

Var. d. Primaries with two black dots ; secondaries the same.

Var. e. Primaries with three black dots; secondaries the same.

North America.

WALKER.

^•L^t't Q

. i '• »

4. S. cunea Drury. Punctatissima Sm. Abb. Figured in Drury, I, pi.

18 ; Sm. Abb. pi. 70.

Antennas black, pectinate ; head white ; back and abdomen ash-
color. Primaries white ; spots numerous, of many forms, and
sooty black ; external margin with five spots ; those nearest the
tips triangular. Secondaries with a dark spot near the external
edge, and faintly marked near the external angle. Length of the

body 5 — 6 lines ; of the wings 13 — 18 lines.

WALKER.

5. S. congrua Walk. C. B. M. 669.

White. Tarsi with black bands. Fore coxae and fore femora
luteous, with black spots on the inner side; fore tibia? striped with
black on the inner side. Male. Head and fore part of the thorax
with a slight testaceous tinge. Primaries with four oblique very
imperfect and irregular bands, composed of pale brown dots.
Length of the body 6 — 7 lines; of the wings 16 — 20 lines.

Georgia.

WALKER.

r 6. S. egle Dntry. Figured in Drury, II, pi. 20. ]rf

Wings rather long, thin, delicate, of a bluish-gray color, paler
on the front edge and without spots ; head, thorax, under side of
the body and legs, gray ; neck cream-color ; top of abdomen
bright yellow, with a row of black spots and two rows on each
side. Expands from one inch and three-quarters to nearly two
inches.

344 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Larva black ; a whitish line on each side, covered with short
tnfts of hairs proceeding from tubercles.

Uuited States.

WALKEB.

• .7. S. textor Harris. Ins. Mass. p. 275, 2d ed.

White, without spots ; fore femurs tawny-yellow ; feet blackish.
Expands from one inch and a quarter to one and three-eighths.

Larva greenish, dotted with black ; a broad blackish stripe
along the top of the back, and a bright yellow stripe on each side.
The warts from which the thin bundles of spreading, silky hairs
proceed, are black on the back and rust-yellow or orange on the
sides. Head and feet black. Spin large webs and live in com-
munities.

Northern States.

HARRIS.

8. S. collaris Fitch, 3d Report, 265.

Milk-white and glossy ; head, neck, base of the outer edge of
•aljg^ the fore wings and anterior hips pale ochre-yellow; feet pale
brown. Width 1.35.

Mississippi.

FITCH.

9. S. punctata Fitch, 3d Report, 265.

White ; a continuous black stripe on the fore side of the an-
terior feet and shanks, their thighs and hips being yellow in front
and the fore wings having a black central dot, and in the males a
row of small blackish spots extending from the middle of the inner
margin to the tip.

New York.

FITCH.

^ CALLIMORPHA LATR. Hypercompa Hiibn.

•

Palpi very short, pilose, scales appressed ; tongue much longer
than the head ; antenna? in both sexes simple, ciliated, with two
strong setce at each joint. Body slender. Wings densely squa-
raose. Feet robust, squamose; anterior tibiae much shorter than
the femora.

CALLIMORPHA. 345

1. C. Clymene Esper. Colona Hiilm. Carolina1? Harris. Figured in

Esper Sclimett. IV, 22, 10, pi. 182 ; Noct. 103, f. 1.

Luteous; antennas black; palpi black at the apex ; prothorax
biguttate with fuscous ; disk of thorax white, univittate with fus-
cous ; abdomen often with fuscous dorsal spots ; primaries with
an angulate basal fuscous vitta, three anterior spots and one pos-
terior subapical divided, white ; secondaries often with two fuscous
spots.

Var. a. Secondaries with three submarginal spots and a mar-
ginal streak.

Var. b. Secondaries with two submarginal spots.

Var. c. Secondaries with one submarginal spot.

Var. d. Secondaries immaculate.

United States.

WALKER.

2. C. militaris Harris. Ins. Mass. 2d ed. p. 264.

Primaries white, almost entirely bordered with brown ; with
an oblique brown band from the inner margin to the tip ; the
brown border on the front margin generally has two short angular
projections, extending backwards on the surface of the wing. Se-
condaries white, without spots. Body white ; head, thorax and
femurs yellow ; a longitudinal brown stripe along the top of the
back from the thorax to the tail.

Var. a. Primaries with four white spots ; second nearly round.

Var. b. Second spot forked ; fourth interrupted.

Var. c. Third spot nearly divided.

Var. d. Second and third spots divided.

United States.

HAKRIS.

4. C. confinis Walker. C. B. M. G61.

White. Head, prothorax, fore coxa3 and abdomen at the base
luteous. Proboscis tawny. Palpi with black tips. Antennas
black. Thorax and abdomen with a brown stripe. Primaries
brown, with a discal slightly angular white stripe, and an elongate
triangular oblique subapical white baud. Length of the body six
lines ; of the wings eighteen Hues.

United States.

WALKER.

346 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. C. contigua Walker. C. B. M. 650.

White. Head, prothorax and fore coxae luteous. Proboscis
tawny. Palpi black, luteous at the base. Antennae black. Thonix
and abdomen with a brown stripe. Primaries brown, with a white
discal stripe which widens from the base to a little beyond the
middle, and with two large subapical white spots. Secondaries
with a small brown spot near the hind border. Body 6 lines long;
wings 18.

United States.

WALKER.

, 6. C. comma Walker. C. B. M. 652.
>

Luteous, partly testaceous. Proboscis tawny. Palpi with black

tips. Antennae black. Thorax and abdomen with a brown stripe.
Primaries above with a brown border, which is interrupted at the
tips and by the hind angle, near which there is a curved brown
streak. Secondaries occasionally with a small round brown spot
near the hind border. Body 7 lines long ; wings 20.
United States.

WALKER.

PHRAGMATOBIA STEPH.

Head and thorax with long hairs. Palpi short, scarcely distinct,
very pilose. Proboscis subspiral. Antennae short, ciliate — of the
male, serrate ; of the female, simple. Thorax thick. Abdomen
maculate. Anterior tibia? unarmed ; posterior tibiae with four
spurs. Wings subdiaphanous.

1. P. vagans Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 322.

Mouse-color; primaries immaculate; secondaries black, fringe
cinereous ; all the wings cinereous below, with a black lunule.

North California.

BOISD.

2. P. assimilans Walker. C. B. M. 630.

Male. Red. Antennae testaceous. Thorax with brown hairs.
Wings red; veins darker. Primaries slightly brown along the
costa, and' elsewhere indistinctly sprinkled with pale brown, with
two blackish dots. Secondaries brighter red, with three black
dots, two in the disk and one near the hind border towards the
inner angle. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

ECPANTHERIA — HALESIDOTA. 347

Var. Primaries almost wholly brown. Secondaries with a broad
blackish submarginal stripe.

United States.

WALKER.

ECPANTHERIA WALKER.

Body stout. Proboscis moderately long. Palpi very short ;
third joint acuminated, small. Abdomen extending more or less
beyond the hind wings. Legs stout ; hind tibia? with minute
apical spurs. Wings moderately broad. Primaries much longer
than secondaries. Male, Antenna? serrated ; secondaries short.
Female. Antenua3 simple, not serrated.

1. E. scribonia Stall. Macularia Fab., Cram. Ocutatissima Sm. Abb.
Chryseis, Grodt. Figured in Stoll. Supp. Cram. V, pi. 41 ; Sm. Abb.
pi. 69 ; Nat. Lib. vol. 37.

Antenna? black ; head white, with a black point on each side
near the antenna?. Thorax with ten or twelve black spots, with
a pale bluish-white centre, making them appear annular ; the two
hinder spots largest and somewhat curved. Ground color of the
wings white, the surface of the superiors variegated with black
spots, most of which are ocular, placed irregularly towards the
base, but having a tendency to form transverse rows externally ;
inferiors white, with a few faint black spots behind. Abdomen
blue-black, variegated on the back and sides with orange-yellow ;
legs white, the extremities with black rings.

Larva brownish-black, with an orange-red band along each side.
The hairs are placed on tubercles alternately nearer the anterior
edges of each segment, so that they form a pretty broad band and
leave the rest of the body naked.

United States.

NAT. LIBRARY.

HALESIDOTA WALKER. Lophocampa Har.

Body stout. Proboscis long. Palpi stout, porrect, not long ;
second joint much longer than the first ; third conical, very minute.
Abdomen extending for about one-third of its length beyond the
secondaries. Legs stout; hind tibia? with four moderately long

348 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

spurs. Wings long, narrow. Mule. Antennas slightly pectinated.
Female. Antennae serrated.

1. H. caryae Harris. Ins. Mass. 2d ed. p. 279.

Color, light yellow-ochre ; the fore wings are long, rather nar-
row, and almost pointed, are thickly and finely sprinkled with little
brown dots, and have two oblique brownish streaks passing back-
wards from the front edge, with three rows of white semitranspa-
rent spots parallel to the outer hind margin ; the hind wings are
very thin, semitransparent, and without spots ; and the shoulder-
covers are edged within with light brown. They expand from one
inch and seven-eighths to two inches and a quarter or more. The
wings are roofed when at rest ; the antenna? are long, with a
double, narrow, feathery edging, in the males, and a double row
of short, slender teeth on the under side, in the females; the feelers
are longer than in the other Arctians, and not at all hairy ; and
the tongue is short, but spirally curved.

Larva covered with short spreading tufts of white hairs, with a
row of eight black tufts on the back, and two long, slender, black
pencils on the fourth and on the tenth ring. The tufts along the
top of the back converge on each side, so as to form a kind of
ridge or crest ; and the warts, from which these tufts proceed, are
oblong-oval and transverse, while the other warts on the body are
round. The hairs on the forepart of the body are much longer
than the rest, and hang over the head; the others are short as if
sheared off, and spreading. The head, feet, and belly are black ;
the upper side of the body is white, sprinkled with black dots, and
with black transverse lines between the rings.

United States.

HARRIS.

2. H. tesselaris Sm. Alb. Figured in Sin. Abb. pi. 75.

Faintly tinged with ochre-yellow ; their long, narrow, delicate,
and semitransparent wings lie almost flatly on the top of the back;
the upper pair are checkered with dusky spots, arranged so as to
form five irregular transverse bands ; the hind edge of the collar,
and the inner edges of the shoulder-covers are greenish-blue, and
between the latter are two short and narrow deep yellow stripes ;
the upper side of the abdomen and of the legs are deep ochre-
yellow.

HALESIDOTA. 349

The tufts on the larva are light yellow or straw-colored, the
crest being very little darker; on the second and third rings are
two orange-colored pencils, which are stretched over the head
when the insect is at rest, and before these are several long tufts
of white hairs ; on each side of the third ring is a white pencil,
and there are two pencils, of the same color, directed backwards,
on the eleventh ring. The body is yellowish-white, with dusky
warts, and the head is brownish-yellow.

United States.

HARRIS.

3. H. fulvo-flava Walk. C. B. M. 733. /^

Testaceous, paler beneath. Proboscis tawny. Thorax with two
tawny stripes, which converge hindward, and with two tawny spots
in front between the stripes. Femora and tibiae hairy; fore femora
and fore tibia? tawny above. Primaries yellow, with a tawny spot
at the base, with two oblique tawny bands, with darker borders ;
these bands are partly connected, and the inner one is especially
irregular and ramose, being forked in front and dilated in the disk
towards the base, and emitting a branch to each border. Second-
aries whitish, with a slight testaceous tinge. Length of the body
6 — 7 lines; of the wings 16 — 18 lines.

Var. Primaries tawny, with yellow spots at the base, at the tips,
along the costa, and forming an oblique band beyond the middle.

North America.

WALKER.

4. H. annulifascia Walker. C. B. M. 734. , y>-

Pale testaceous. Proboscis and antennre tawny. Thorax with
two tawny stripes, which converge hindward. Primaries with
tawny punctures, which are most numerous, and partly confluent
on the disk beyond the middle, and with four oblique bands of
whitish tawny bordered spots ; veins tawny. Secondaries whitish,
with a slight testaceous tinge. Length of the body 6 — 8 lines ;
of the wings 18 — 22 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

5. H. maculata Harris. Ins. Mass. 259.

Light ochre-yellow, with large irregular light brown spots on
the primaries, arranged almost in transverse bands. It expands
nearly one inch and three-quarters.

HARRIS.

350 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

DASYCHIRA, p. 256.
3. D. clan'destina Walker. Canadian Naturalist, 1861, p. 36.

Male. Cinereous, varied with black, thickly pilose. Antenna?
short, broadly pectinated. Legs short, very pilose. Wings partlv
shaded with black, with four irregular undulated black lines which
are dilated on the costa of the fore wings; under side paler, with
the lines obsolete except by the costa. Length of body 6 lines ;
of wings 14 lines.

Bevins Lake, Montcalm, July T.

WALKER.

For the following notes of synonymy, geographical distribution, etc., I
am indebted to Mr. W. H. Edwards. J. G. M.

OBSERVATIONS BY W. H. EDWARDS.

The following species are known to be resident in Texas, &c., by me: —

Papilio pilummus. Texas.
" aristodemus. Texas.

" cresphontes. This has been confounded with Thoas, but is re-
stored by Doubleday. Menetries, in Cat., notes the difference between
these two species.

Leptalis melite. New Mexico. Boisd. Spec. Gen. 422.
Callidryas cipris. Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.
orbis. Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.
plnlea. Florida and Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.
arrjante,. Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.

Tcrias midea. California, according to Menetries in Cat. Boisd. Spec. Gen.
" palmira. Poey in Memorias. Florida and Georgia.
" elathea. Georgia. Boisd. Spec. Gen.

Colias eurytheme.. Boisd. Ann. Ent. Soc. X, 286. This is the species
-csually taken for Edusa, I believe. Boisduval had doubts of Edusa being
found in this country. I have never seen the European Edusa here, and
do not believe in it.

Synchloe janais. Texas. Drury, III, 17.

Catagramma clymene. Florida. Described and figured in Lucas.

Cystineura amyone. Texas. Menetries, in Cat. and figured.

Eumcnia atala. Florida. Figured and described in Poey's Cent.

Rhodoccra clorinde. Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.

Marpesia zerynthia. Texas. Hiibner.

Ageronia feronia. Texas. 1 n

S One or both of these is figured m Drury.
fornax. Texas, t

SPECIES IN TEXAS. 351

Timetes chiron. Texas. Herbst. 52.

Limenitis f.ulalia. California. Doubleday & Hewitsou.

Smyrna karzinski. Texas.

Victorina steneles. Figured and described in Lucas.

Megistanis cadmus, Texas. Cramer.

Cyldelis hyperipte. Florida. Hiibner.

Besides these, I find mentioned in authors —

Parnassius Smintheus. Rocky Mountains. Dcubleday & Hewitson.
Colias rutulans. California. Boisd.
Aryynnis Boisduvalli. Labrador. Sommer.

" thais. Figured in Godart, and described in Herbst.
" frigga. Herbst. 273.
Chionobas chryxus. U. S. Doubleday & Hewitson.

" bore.

Afi/calesis ostita. Georgia. Hiibner.
Thecla melinus. California. Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. X.
Lt/caena Franklinii. Polar Amer. Curtis in Ross Exp.
Polyommatus antheile. Newfoundland. In C. B. M.

" amicetus. Albany River.

Thanaos tristis. California and Texas. Boisd. Ann. X.

" Cervantes. California. Graslin, Ann. Ent. Soc.
Anthocaris crcusa. California.

" lanceolata. California.

" ausonia. California.

PapJiia gly cerium. Texas ; Illinois.

P. rutulus is said by Gray to be eurymedon.

P. zolicaon is said by Menetrius, in Cat., to be same as mac.Jiaon.

P. ajax I do not believe to be same as marcellus. All my ajax came
from Savannah, £ and £ , and all my marcellus from West Virginia, 1
and 9 . All of each were taken in the Spring.

Nathalis Irene, Fitch, is simply iole, with a trifling variation.

C. Vosnesenski of Menetries, is C. eurydice of Boisd. in Ann.

Melitaea zerene should have been Argynnis.

M. palla is not a synonym for nycteis of Doubleday, as given on page 52.
The latter is found in Illinois and vicinity.

On page 70, orion has a vast distribution. It comes from Brazil, Gre-
nada, Central America, and West Indies. It is as likely to be in Florida
as any other species common to Cuba.

Delis andromacha and portlandia are the same.

Cccnonympha scmidea, page 80. This species is a Chionobas. Is same as
C. also of Boisd., but Say should have the preference.

Page 101. T. aubumiana is smilacis.

Page 111. //. ahaton is cernes.

352

CORRECTIONS AND ERRATA.

CORRECTIONS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

Page 340. Arctia Isabella is Spilosoma Isabella.
" " A. rubricosa is A.? rubricosa, probably identical with the genus

Crocota.

" 342. Spilosoma echo is Hypantria echo.
" " S. cunea is Hypantria cunea.
" 343. S. textor is Hypantria textor (type gen.).
" " S. eyh is (Euchates) egle.
" " S. colfaris and S. punctata probably likewise belong to the

genus Hypantria.
" 344. Gen. Callimorpha should be Hyper compa ; the latter is a generic

group created from the former.

" 345. C. comma is Hypercompa interrupto-marginata Beauv.
" 349. II. fuho-flava synon. //. maculata ?
" " //. annulifascia synon. H. caryx?

ERRATA.

In the description of A. aphrodite, on p. 43, after "marginal,1' add,
" triangles surmounted with black, and above them, near the costa, two
others ; the secondaries have a marginal series of black crescents."

P. 82, 5th line from bottom, read "secondaries," instead of" primaries."

P. 96, 21st " " " "often," " "after."

ORGYA, p. 249, should be put into Fam. LIPARID^J.

DASYCHIEA, p. 256, « " "

LAGOA, p. 257, " " "

MIOZA, p. 253, read MIEZA.

P. 329, 3d line from bottom, read " L. Scuddcrii."

INDEX OF GENERA.1

Acoloithtis, 134, 282
Adoneta, 129
JEsreriadae, 137, 330
Aganisthos, 69
Aglaope, 133, 283
Agraulis, 40
Alypia, 132
Ambulyx, 174
Amycles, 276
Anartia, 62
Anceryx, 200
Anthocaris, 20
Anthrooera, 260
Antichloris, 274
Apantesis, 250
Apatura, 67
Arctia, 336

Arctiidae, 248, 312, 336
Arctonotus. 216
Ardonea, 302
Argus, 81
Argynnis. 40
Artace, 236
At nl mis, 256
Attacus, 223
Automalis, 270

Belemnia, 270
Bombycidae, 232

Calisto, 81
Callidryas, 24
Callimorpha, 344
CallimorT hides, 312

Calonota, 273
Caralisa, 296
Ceratocainpa, 229
Ceratomia, 204
Cerura, 238
ChEerocampa, 171
Chionobas, 70
Chrysauge, 292
Cincia, 310
Cisthrene, 254, 309
Clisiocampa, 235
Clostera, 243
Co?nonyrapha, 80, 328
Colias/26
Coniposia, 205
Conchilopodidae, 126
Cosmosoma, 265

Cossidae, 123

Cosnis, 123
Cn.rota, 255, 306
Ctenucha, 284
Cyanope'pla, 280
Cydopsedes, 115

J?anaidae, 36

Panai,-. 37
Parapsa, 167
Paremma, 213
Pa.-y<.-hira, 256, 349
Datana, 245
Debis, 78
Peidamia, 158
Peiliphila, 163
Deiopeia, 251, 313
Dioptis, 290
Polba, 203
Prepana, 218
Drepanulidae, 217
Pryocampa, 231

Ecpantheria, 346
Edema, 241
Ellema, 215
Einpretia, 130
Empyreuma, 269
Enclera, 272
Enyo, 161
Epialus, 38
Erebia, 75
Ery cilia, 103
Erycinidae, 103
Erythales, 310
Euagra, 291
Eubaphe, 252, 306
Ein-erea, 277
Euchromia, 134, 267
Eucyane, 295
Eudula, 2'.Hi
Eiulryns - l.'i
En/in pin, 267
Eu.xtixia, 252, 305

Gastropacha, 233
Glaucopididac, 134,

202

Glnucnpis, 134, 263
(Jniiphria, 256
Goniloba, 112
Grapta, 53

Halesidota, 347
Heliconia, 39

Helicpnidae, 39

Hesperia, 105
Hcsperidae, 105

Heterocampa, 349
Hcterocera, 122

Hippola, 271
Horaniia, 275
Hypoprapia, 302
Hyrsidae, 306
llynnina, 291

Tohthyura, 243
Isanthrene, 264
losia, 290

Junonia, 61

Lasmocharis, 265
Lagoa, 257
Lapara, 215
Lauron, 292
Lemonias, 104
Lerina, 300
Limacodes, 126
Limeiiitis, 64
Limenitis, 327
Lithosiidae, 252, 299
Lithosia, 304
Lopkocampa, 288
Lycomorphidae, 288
Libytheidae, 63
Libythea, 63
Lycmia, 81
Lye;eniil;v, 329

Lycaenidae, 81, 329

Lycomorpha, 135, 288
Lyinire, 303

Macroglossa, 150
Macrosila, 183
Malthaca, 287
Marissa, 267
Mastigocera, 278
Mclameridac, 289
Melanchroia, 297
Melitzca, 50, 329
Mellitia, 335
Mieza, 253, 306

1 Synonyms are in italics ; namea of families ia heavy faced type, of subfamilies in
small capitals.

354

INDEX OF GENERA.

Nadata, 248
Nathalis, 21
Neonyinpha, 72
Nisoniades, 114
Nochelia, 131
Notodonta, 239
Notodontidae, 238, 349
Nudaria, 299
Wyctimeridae, 296
Nyim»halidae,49,324
Nyrnphalis, 64
Nymphidia, 103

Oenosanda, 214
Ormetica, 279
Orgyia, 249

Pachylia, 180
Pamphila, 116
Paphia, 66
Papilio, 1
Papilionidae, 1
Parnassius, 13
Percote, 304
Pergesa, 166
Pericopidae, 243

Pericopis, 294
Perigonia, 159
Perophora, ]42
Philampelus, 175
Phragmatobia, 346
Pieridae, 15, 315
Pieris, 15, 315
Pimela, 129
Pitane, 254, 306
Pceciloptera, 311
Poecilosoma, 264
Polyommatus, 83
Procris, 133, 261
Proserpinus, 152 .
Psycomorpba, 13&, 297
Fscychiadac, 142
Pygara, 243
Pyraineis, 58

Rhodocera, 22
Rhopalocera, 1

Sannina, 334
Saturnia,- 220
Saturnidac, 219
Satyridae, 70, 327

Satyrus, 70, 327
Sesia, 147
Smerinthus, 206
Sphingidac, 143
Sphinx, 192
Spilosoma, 341
Syrichthus, 121

Terias, 32
Thecla, 91
Thyreus, 155
Thyridopteryx, 142
Thyrgis, 290
Thyris, 141
Trichoma, 309
Trocbiliurn, 137

Unzela, 154
Uraga, 293

Vanessa, 55
Virbia, 298

Zeuzera, 125
Zygsena, 260
Zyg-xnidac, 132

INDEX OF SPECIES.1

abbotii, 156

acerni, 330

acbenion, 177, 278

achatina, 257

acis, 201

acraeea, 341

tescidapixs, 116

aglaia, 46

agnes, 81

agricola, 108

ahaton, 111

ajax, 8

ajbicans, 237

albifrons, 242

albosigma, 244

alcidamus, 2

alope, 76, 202

also, 71

americana, 91, 134, 233,

236, 284, 336
amphidusa, 29
amyntula, 87
anartia, 62
andrornache, 78
anguina, 247
angulifera, 227
angulosa, 239
anna, 329
annulifasoia, 348
annulosum, 151
antasgon, 87
anteeus, 186
anthracina, 277
anthyale, 24
antiopa, 57
antiqua, 249
antoninus, 113
aphrodite, 43
arcesilaus, 11
archippus, 38
arcuatus, 218
areolatus, 74
argenteo-maculatus, 123
ariane, 77
arogos, 118
arota, 86
arta, 117
arsace, 97
arthemis, 65
assimilans, 346

astarte, 240

caryae, 59, 347

ashtaroth, 47

Carolina, 189

asterias, 5

casta, 19

astinous, 6

catullus, 115

astyanax, 64

caudata, 139

astylus, 211

cecropia, 223

atalanta, 58

ceculus, 151

aubumiana, 101

celadon. 10

augustus, 103

cellus, 105

aurantiaea, 253

celtis, 68

aurea, 251

cephiae, 298

auretorum, 99

cerisii, 210

aurora, 247

ceto, 335

autodice, 17

chaetnonerii, 165

azalea, 168

chalcas, 7

chalciope, 264

bachmani, 63

ehariclea, 49

balder, 71

charitonia, 39

233,

basistriens, 239

ckionantlii, 187

bassiformis, 331

chiron, 172

bathyllus, 106

choorilus, 165

bella, 251, 271, 313

chrysotheme, 28

bellona, 45

cimbiciformis, 149

berenice, 37

cinerea, 194

bicolor, 232

cingulata, 188

bimaculata, 278

cippus, 126

bion, 119

clandestina, 349

biundata, 240

clarius, 14

boisditvali, 74

clarkiae, 154

bombycoides, 215

claudia, 44

bootes, 72

cleome, 16

borealis, 238

clodius, 15

brettus, 118

cluentius, 186

brevicornis, 255, 308

clymene, 344

brizo, 114

clyton, 68

brontes, 191

compta. 312

bulenta, 117

coenia, 61

cnllaris, 184

caesonia, 27

columbina, 44, 207

caaspitalis, 121

comma, 54, 109, 245

caicus, 203

comynta?, S3

c-album, 55

concinna, 242

123

californica, 58

confinis. 345

calippe, 46

congrua, 343

camertus, 162

coniferarum, 199

campestris, 109

conspersa, 310

canadensis, 125

contigua, 345

cantheus, 75

contracta, 247

canthus, 74

convolvuli, 188

cardui, 59

coracina, 284

Synonyms are in italics.

356

INDEX OF SPECIES.

corns, 116
crfintor, 177
crataegi, 85
cresphontes, 7
cr/iriferanim, 19
cruenta, 281
cucurbitae, 139
cunea, 392
cupraria, 304
cybele, 42
cyniela, 73

dahurica, 341
daira, 34
damastus, 100
daiiae, 70
daphnis, 42
dares, 278
daucits, 164
decipiens, 235
delia, 34
denuclatum, 138
diana, 42
diapbana, 39
dirlyma, 228
diffinis, 148
dimas, 293
dimidiata, 289
dione, 339
discoidalis, 75
disippus, fi5
dorcas, 90
drancus, 173
drupiferarum, 197
druryi, 188
dryas, 278
duruetorum, 100
dyncBiis, 203

eecHpsis, 23
echo, 342
editho, 51, 296
edusa, 27
eglanteria, 222
egle, 343
ello, 200

etnphytiformis, 332
enoptes, 89
ephemaariformis, 142
ephestion, 64
epimenis, 136
epixanthe, 85
ere.mitus, 194
ergolis, 292
ericetorum, 122
eripbae, 274
eriphon, 100
erippus, 37
eubule, 25
eulalia, 66
eurocilia, 294
eurymedon, 4
eurytheme, 29
eurytbris, 72

excaccatus, 208
exilis, 87
exitiosa, 140

falco, 172
falacer. 95
falsarins, 134, 283
fasciata, 218
fasciatum, 151, 180
fasciola, J27
fastuosa, 271
favonius, 95
fege.tis, 162
fenestrata, 272
ferox, 271

ferruginosa, 255, 308
ficus, 181
fisrnrata, 341
filenus, 82
flavinia, 292
flavitibia, 335
flavofasciata, 151
flavula, 128
forestan, 191
freya, 46
frigida, 318
fucosa, 303
fuliginosa, 330
fulvicollis, 287
fulvipes, 149
fulvoflava. 348
fitn-illiiia, 56
fuscicaudis, 150
fusiform!:-, 148

gal a tin a, 80
galbina, 222
ganascus, 175
gaucolda, 310
gaurse, 153
gelida, 340
geliformis, 333
geminatus, 210
gemma, 73
genutia, 20
gibbosa, 248
gi/ippus, 37
glaucescens, 160
glaucas, 2
glyceriurn. 67
gordius, 198
gorgon, 86
grata, 245
grunus, 100
guttata, 132
gutturalis, 202

hasmorrhea, 293
halesus, 91
harrisi, 216
liasdrubal, 184
hff^rrifi, 44
helloides, 86
bera, 221

heterorea, 89
hobomok, 110
hncmanthus, 291
hinnitU, 95
huntera, 66
hyale, 31
hydraspus, 186
hylaeus, 203
bypevborea, 340
byperici, 94
hypophlaeus, 84

icarioides, 88
i.l a Ha, 40
igninix, 253
ilirifotia, 235
iloneus, 5
impar, 266
imperialis, 230
imperataria, 230
im-iirnatn, 301
inclusa, 244
ineonspicua, 183
inconstans, 298
inornata, 182
inscripta, 159
instita, 187
intermedia, 165
interrogation is, 53
interrupta, 274
io, 220
iole, 22

ipomaeaa, 134, 241 272
irene, 22
iris, 97
iroides, 100
Isabella, 340
ismeria, 50
ixion, 151

j-album, 56
jatropbse, 62, 186
japhyx, 155
jasmin earum, 198
jucunda, 35
juglandis, 213
junonia, 61
jussieuae, 180
juvenalis, 114

kalmiaa, 196

labruscse, 178
la?ta, 309
lamina. 65
laneeolata, 21
lanuginosa, 129
laricis, 234
laticlavia, 128
latipennis, 136
latreilliana, 136, 285
leonardus, HO
leucodice, 18
leucograpba, 250

INDEX OF SPECIES.

35t

leucophoea, 294
leucophaeata, 193
leucostigma, 249
1'herminier, 115
Vhennhiii -i /, 20
leseur, 118
lie-has, 270
lineata, 164
lintneri, 57
liparo))'!, 96
lisa, 34

longipennis, 305
]ori|uini, 66
lueifl, 90
luciflus, 217
luge/is, 194
luguhri;!, 162
lu'n a, 225
lusca, 160
luscitiosa, 197
luteilinea, 290
lycaon, 176
lyncea, 1&2
lyside, 24

maccullochi, 132
machaon, 12
maculata, 142, 349
m-album, 92
maerula, 23
maia, 221
manteo, 240
inarcellina, 26
marcellus, 9
marginal!?, 321
marginata, 219
marginatum, 137
mars, 101

medhistina, 254, 306
mi'ilor, 188
megajva, 222
megalippe, 38
melanocephala, 303
melsheimeri, 142
menapia, 19
menilica, 300
metacomet, 111
mexicana, 36
milberti, 56
militaris, 344
miniata, 256, 305
ministra, 246
minuta, 325
misippus, 65
modesta, 210
monusta, 16
mopsus, 102
mormo, 104
motya, 63
multicineta, 2fi4
multifaria, 302
munda, 302
inylitta, 324
myops, 207

myrina, 45
myrissa, 45
myron, 168

nais, 338
nastes, 30
neck us, 172
nemorum, 107
nephele, 76
nrssiis, 157
nii-ippe, 33
niphon, 98
nitidula, 173
noctuiformis, 214
nomioti, 14
numitor, 120
nycteis, 325

obscura, 201
occidentalism 235

ochracea, 328
ootomaculata, 132
octomaculalis, 132
ott his, 70

odyneripennis, 332
ceno, 72
cenotrus, 202
oileus, 121
oleracea, 19, 315
olynthus, 113
omphale, 135, 266
onohryehis, 261
opercularis, 257
opbthalmicus, 211
origenes. 117
orion, 70
orythia, 61
orseis, 16
ossianus, 78
oxitus, 7

pjenulata, 131
paleeno, 31
pule merles, 7
palla, 51

pallida, 128, 321
pampinatrix, 168
paphia, 227
parthenice, 339
parthenos, 336
passiflorce., 40
peck'ii, 120
pegala, 77
pelasgus, 149
pelidne, 30
pellucida, 232
perlucidula, 288
pertyi, 265
]ih:i'tiin, 50
pheres, 89
phicomene, 30
jibilenor, 6
philodice, 29
phleas, 84

pbolus, 135, 169, 289
pliylwus, 118
phyllira, 339
piasus, 89
jiica, 222
pilhecinm, 127
jilacL-ntia, 337
jilajriatus, 124
plobeia, 195
plumipes, 275
pocas, 103
jinlaris, 48
polyilamus, 13
polyphemus, 226
po]>uli, 124
portland ia, 79
pratinicnla, 108
pretus. 276
pi-mi, 203
proene, 173
producta, 243
progne, 56
promethea, 224
proserpina, 221
proterpia, 35
protesilaus, 9
proteus, 106
protodice, 17, 317
pseudargiolua, 82
psyche, 93
pumila, 104
punctata. 334
punctistriga, 237
punctivena, 238
pupula, 252, 254, 306
pylotis, 295
pyralidiformis, 333
pyramidalis, 331
pyri, 141
pyrina, 125
pyxidifera, 258

C[uadricornis, 205
guerceti, 126
quercicola, 126
querciperda, 125
quinquemaculata, 190

radians, 251
regalis, 229
repentinus, 206
resumcns, 183
rhamni, 24
rhodocera, 170
robinite, 124
rosea, 219
rosiiceanim, 207
rossii, 257
riibic-anda, 232
rubit-amlaria. 256, 307
rubm-eps, 286
rubicosn, .'! Ill
ruficaudis, 149
ruficeps, 286

358

INDEX OP SPECIES.

ruralis, 121
ruricola, 109
rustica, 187
rutulus, 3

sabuleti, 109
saepiolus, 88
ssepiuin, 99
sagra, 152
sapygfeformis, 333
sara, 21
sassacus, 110
satellitia, 176
scitula, 141
scribonia, 346
scriptura, 121
scyron, 201
semiplaga, 349
semidea, 80
semidiaphana, 136
senatoria, 231
signatura, 304
silvestris, 327
sinon, 9
sisymbrii, 17
smilacis, 98
smilax, 34

smithsoninna, 134, 262
sordida, 194
sosybius, 74
speciosa, 314
sphingiformis, 280
spinuloides. 127
splendida, 228
sthenele. 77
stkeiio, 201
stigma, 231
stimula, 130
strigilis, 175
strigosa, 101
subcyanea, 273
subfervens, 253, 306
subhainata, 160

subjecta, 254
sybaris, 295
sylvanoides, 107
sylvanus, 107
sylvatica, 236
sylvinus, 99
Sylvius, 277
syringae, 139

tantalus, 151
tardigrada, 131
tarquinius, 85
tau, 322
terininalis, 301
tersa, 171
tesselaris, 348
textor, 343
textula, 128
tharos, 51
thaumas, 119
thoas, 7
thoe, 84
thorates, 166
thysbe, 149
tibiale, 137
tipuliforruis, 140
titan, 151
tityrus, 112
tri'buna, 290
tri.chlaris, 48
tricincta, 138
trigemmis, 309
tristis, 115
troilus, 5
turnus, 2
typhon, 178
tyrrhene, 26-7

tibaldus, 82
umbrata, 240
undata, 161
undulosa, 214
unicornis, 241

unio, 246
uroceriformis, 334
Ursula, 64

vagans, 346
vanillae, 40
varia, 240
variegata, 297
vau, 244
velleda, 234
venosa, 286, 320
versicolor, 169
versuta, 174
vespina, 278
vestris, 109
vetusta, 250
villiersii, 12
vinosa, 292
virginalis, 337
virginica, 342
virginiensis, 60
virgo, 337
virguncula, 338
vitellius, 120
vitis, 179
vittata, 256
voluta, 129
vosneskenski, 32
vulcanus, 273

wamsutta, 111
weideineyeri, 327

xanthoides, 86
xerces, 88

yuccse, 113

zabulon, 116
zangis, 81
zerene, 53
zolieaon, 4
zonata, 151

••HH
.

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Full text of "Catalogue of the described Lepidoptera of North America. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution"

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