Catalogue of the heads and horns of Indian big game bequeathed by A.O. Hume ... to the British Museum (Natural History)

v-V
•

PRESENTED

BY

THE

tlbe {Trustees

OF

BRITISH MUSEUM,

EXCHANGE

BIOLOGY
RA

6

PORTRAIT OF A. 0. HUME, C.B.

CATALOGUE

OP THE

HEADS AND HORNS

OF

INDIAN BIG GAME

BEQUEATHED BY

A. O. HUME, C.B.,

TO THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

By R. LYDEKKER, F.R.S.

LONDON :

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OP THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.

SOLD BY
LONGMANS, GREEN & Co., 39, PATERNOSTER Row, E.G.

B. QUARITGH, 11, G-RAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, W.

DULAU & Co., LTD., 37, SOHO SQUARE, W.

AND AT THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.

1913.

(All rights reserved.)

LONDON :

PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W.

PREFACE

A GENERAL account of the remarkable series of specimens
described in the following pages is given by Mr. Lydekker
in his Introduction.

The late Mr. Allan Octavian Hume, C.B., who bequeathed
the Collection, had been a benefactor of the Museum for
many years. The Indian Mammals which he had presented
were specially valuable, while his collection of skins and
eggs of Birds from various parts of the Indian Empire, given
nearly thirty years ago, consisted of some 82,000 specimens,
and was described by the late Dr. E. Bowdler Sharpe as
" one of the most splendid donations ever made to the
Nation."

Mr. Hume kept the finest specimens of the heads of Big
Game in his own possession uotil his death, and it is these
specimens to which the present work principally refers. It
is hoped that the Catalogue will be useful to sportsmen and
others who are interested in the larger Mammals of our
Indian Empire, but it will in any case serve the purpose
of directing attention to the gifts of a generous benefactor
and of associating his name permanently with the official
publications of the Museum.

The thanks of the Trustees are due to Eowland Ward,
Limited, for permission to use Figs. I, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, which were taken from the specimens in
question, while they were still in Mr. Hume's possession, for
the illustration of Records of Big Game.

SIDNEY F. HAEMEE,

Keeper of Zoology.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY),
LONDON, S.W.

February, 1913.

268083

CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFACE . . . . . . . . v

INTRODUCTION. ....'..... xi

Family BOVID^: . . . . . . . 1

The Gaur. Bos (Bibos) gaurus . . . . .1

The Gayal. Bos (Bibos) frontalis 2

The Yak. Bos (Poephagus) grunniens .... 3

The Indian Buffalo, or Arna. Bos (Bubalus) bubalis . . 4

A. — Typical Eace. Bos bubalis bubalis ... 4

B. — Assam Dun Buffalo. Bos bubalis fulvus . . 5

The Argali. Ovis ammon. ...... 5

A. — Tibetan Argali. Ovis amnion hodgsoni. . . 6
B. — Kashgarian Argali. Ovis ammon humei . . 6
C. — Pamir Argali. Ovis ammon poli . . . .8

The Urial, or Sha. Ovis vignei ...... 9

A. — Astor and Ladak Urial. Ovis vignei vignei . . 9

B. — Punjab Urial. Ovis vignei punjabiensis . . 10

C. — Afghan Urial. Ovis vignei cycloceros . . .10

The Bharal, or Blue Sheep. Pseudois nahoor . • . .11

The Sind Wild Goat. Capra hircus blythi . . . .12

The Asiatic Ibex. Capra sibirica . . . . .13

A. — Kashmir Race. Capra sibirica sakeen . . .13

B. — Lahul Eace. Capra sibirica filippii . . .14

The Markhor. Capra falconeri ...... 14

A.— Astor Markhor. Capra falconeri falconeri . . 15
B. — Pir-Panjal Markhor. Capra falconeri cashmiriensis 16
C. — Gilgit or Hazara (?) Markhor. Capra falconeri,

subsp. ........ 17

D. — Cabul Markhor. Capra falconeri megaceros . . 18

E. — Suleman Markhor. Capra falconeri jerdoni . . 20

The Tahr. Hemitragus jemlaicus . . . . .21

The Nilgiri Tahr. Hemitragus hylocrius . . . .22

The Takin. Budorcas taxicolor. . . . . .22

The Serow, or Sarao. Capricornis sumatrensis . . .23
A. — Himalayan, or Nepal, Serow. Capricornis suma-
trensis bubalinus. . . . . . .23

B. — Kashmir Serow. Capricornis sumatrensis humei . 24
C. — Arakan Serow. Capricornis sumatrensis rubidus . 25
D. — Sze-chuan Serow. Capricornis sumatrensis milne-

edwardsi . 25

Vlll CONTENTS

PAGE

The Goral. Nemorhsedus goral . . . . .26

The Nilgai. Boselaphus tragocamelus . . . .27

The Chousingha, or Four-horned Antelope. Tetraceros

quadricornis . . . . . . . .27

The Chiru, or Tibetan Antelope. Pantholops hodgsoni . 28

The Blackbuck, or Indian Antelope. Antilope cervicapra . 28

The Chinkara, or Indian Gazelle. Gazella bennetti . . 30

The Goa, or Tibetan Gazelle. Gazella picticaudata . . 30

The Goitred, or Persian Gazelle. Gazella subgutturosa . 31

The Saikik, or Yarkand Gazelle. Gazella yarkandensis . 31

Family CERVIDJS . . .32

The Shou. Cervus wallichi . . . .'...<,." .32

Sikkim, or True, Shou. Cervus wallichi affinis . .32

The Hangul. Cervus cashmirianus . . . . . 33

The Yarkand Stag. Cervus yarkandensis . • . . .34

The Barasingh, or Swamp-Deer. Cervus (Eucervus) duvauceli 36

The Thamin. Cervus (Eucervus) eldi . . . .36

The Sambar. Cervus (Eusa) unicolor . . • ; .36

A. — Indian Sambar. Cervus unicolor unicolor . • .37

B. — Malay Sambar. Cervus unicolor equinus . .38

The Chital, or Axis Deer. Cervus (Axis) axis . . .38

The Para, or Hog-Deer. Cervus (Hyelaphus) porcinus . 38

The Muntjac. Cervulus muntjac . .40

The Kastura, or Musk-Deer. Moschus moschiferus . . 40

Family EHINOCEROTID^E ...... . . 41

The Great Indian Ehinoceros. Ehinoceros unicornis . . 41

AFEICAN SPECIMENS 41

The Aoul, or Sommerring's Gazelle. Gazella soemmerringi . 41
The Gerenuk. Lithocranius walleri . ... .42

The Beisa. Oryx beisa . . . . . . .42

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Portrait of A. O. Hume Frontispiece

PAGE

Fig. 1.— Skull and Horns of Cow Gaur. Bos (Bibos) gaurus.

(From E. Ward's " Eecords of Big Game ") . .2

,, 2. — Skull and Horns of Yak. Bos (Poephagus) grunniens . 3

,, 3. — Skull and Horns of Kulja Argali. Ovis ammon little-

dalei 7

,, 4. — Skull and Horns of Pamir Argali. Ovis ammon poll . 9

,, 5. — Skull and Horns of Afghan Urial. Ovis vignei cyclo-

ceros ......... 11

,, 6. — Skull and Horns of Sind Wild Goat. Capra hircus

blythi. (From E. Ward's " Eecords of Big Game ") 12

,, 7. — Frontlet and Horns of Astor Markhor. Capra falconeri
falconeri. (From E. Ward's "Eecords of Big
Game") 15

,, 8.— Skull and Horns of Pir-Panjal Markhor. Capra fal-
coneri cashmiriensis. (From E. Ward's " Eecords
of Big Game ") 16

,, 9. — Frontlet and Horns of Gilgit or Hazara (?) Markhor.
Capra falconeri, subsp. (From E. Ward's " Eecords
of Big Game") 17

,, 10. — Skull and Horns of Cabul Markhor. Capra falconeri
megaceros. (From E. Ward's "Eecords of Big
Game") 19

,, 11. — Skull and Horns of Suleman Markhor. Capra fal-
coneri j&rdoni. (From E. Ward's " Eecords of Big
Game") 20

,, 12. — Skull and Horns of Blackbuck. Antilope cervicapra.

(From E. Ward's " Eecords of Big Game ") . .29

„ 13. — Skull and Antlers of Sikhim Shou. Cervus wallichi

affinis. (From E. Ward's " Eecords of Big Game ") 33

„ 14. — Skull and Antlers of Yarkand Stag. Germs yarJcan-

densis. (From E. Ward's " Eecords of B g Game ") . 35

,, 15. — Skull and Antlers of Indian Sambar. Cervus (Busa)
unicolor unicolor. (From E. Ward's " Eecords of
Big Game") 37

,, 16. — Skull and Antlers of Chital. Cervus (Axis) axis. (From

E. Ward's " Eecords of Big Game ") 39

INTRODUCTION

BY the kind permission of the Editor, the following obituary
notice of Mr. Allan Octavian Hume, C.B., is reproduced,
with some slight abbreviations and verbal alterations, from
The Times of August 1st, 1912.

" Born on June 6, 1829, Mr. Hume was one of the six
children of Joseph Hume, the reformer, who entered the
medical service of the East India Company before the close
of the 18th century, and came home in 1808 the possessor
of a large fortune. He was at the height of his fame when
Allan, early in 1849, passed out of the East India College,
Haileybury, into the Indian Civil Service, and was posted
to the North- West Provinces. The system of departmental
examinations introduced soon after enabled Hume so to out-
distance his seniors that when the Mutiny broke out he
was officiating Collector of Etawah, which lies between Agra
and Cawnpur. Eebel troops were constantly passing through
the district, and for a time it was necessary to abandon
headquarters ; but both before and after the removal of the
women and children to Agra, Hume acted with vigour and
judgment. The steadfast loyalty of many native officials
and landowners, and the people generally, was largely due
to his influence, and enabled him to raise a local brigade of
horse. In a daring attack on a body of rebels at Jaswant-
nagar he carried away the wounded joint magistrate,
Mr. Clearinont Daniel, under a heavy fire, and many months
later he engaged in a desperate action against Firoz Shah
and his Oudh freebooters at Hurchandpur. Company rule
had come to an end before the ravines of the Jumna and
the Chambul in the district had been cleared of fugitive
rebels. Hume richly merited the C.B. (Civil division)
awarded him in 1860. He remained in charge of the district
for ten years or so and did good work. Humeganj, a hand-

Xll INTRODUCTION

some square forming the centre of Etawah city, is but one
of many examples of his zeal for building.

" Hume's appointment, in 1867, to be Commissioner of
Customs in Upper India gave him charge of the huge physical
barrier * which stretched across the country for 2,500 miles
from Attock, on the Indus, to the confines of the Madras
Presidency. He carried out the first negotiations with
Eajputana Chiefs, leading to the abolition of this barrier,
and Lord Mayo rewarded him with the Secretaryship to
Government in the Home, and afterwards, from 1871, in the
Ee venue and Agricultural Departments. Leaving Simla,
he returned to the North- West Provinces in October, 1879,
as a member of the Board of Ee venue, and retired from the
service in 1882.

" Instead of coming to England he went back to the
large house he had purchased at Simla, and set to work to
form some organization which would focus the aspirations
of advanced Indians throughout the country.

" Inheriting also his father's versatility, Hume was well
known for botanical and ornithological work. During his
long career he devoted most of his spare time and much
money to collecting material for a great work, ' The Birds of
India.' By his own efforts, and the assistance of forty or
fifty willing helpers in all parts of India, he succeeded,
after a quarter of a century's work, in gathering together in
the museum of his Simla house an enormous collection of
bird-skins and eggs. The manuscript for the book was
almost complete, but it was never to appear. During the
winter of 1884 the greater part of the invaluable papers were
stolen from his museum during his absence, and, it is
supposed, destroyed. He had to give up what had been the
ambition of his life. His collection, consisting of 63,000
bird-skins, in perfect condition, and 19,000 eggs, he generously
presented, in 1885, to the British Museum (Natural History).
So important and valuable was the gift, that the late

* This was a thorn-hedge supplemented by walls and ditches,
and strongly patrolled for preventing the introduction into British
territory of untaxed salt from native states (see Sir John Strachey's
" India," London, 1888).

INTRODUCTION Xlll

Dr. Bowdler Sharpe was sent out to Simla to take over the
collection and bring it to London. In 1891 Mr. Hume also
presented to the Museum a number of skulls and horns of
big game animals of the Indian Empire and the neighbouring
countries. He wrote various ornithological monographs, and
in collaboration with Colonel C. H. T. Marshall (who was
responsible for the illustrations rather than the text), he
brought out in three volumes, 'The Game Birds of India,
Burma, and Ceylon,' published in Calcutta from 1879 to
1881. His botanical hobby was industriously pursued until
his last illness. He founded and endowed the South London
Botanical Institute at Tulse Hill, and gave it his collection
of from 30,000 to 40,000 sheets of preserved British and
casual alien plants, brought together chiefly by his own
labour, from all parts of the British Isles.

" He married Mary Anne Grindall, who died in 1890, and
their only child is the widow of Mr. Eoss Scott, sometime
Judicial Commissioner of Oudh."

Mr. Hume, who had for some time previously been in
indifferent health, died at his residence, The Chalet, 4, Kings-
wood Koad, Upper Norwood, on Wednesday, July 31st, 1912,
at the age of eighty-three.

By his will Mr. Hume left to the Trustees of the Museum
the collection of skulls and horns which forms the subject
of the present Catalogue. The following notice of the bequest
appeared in The Times of November 1st, 1912, and is
reproduced, with a few omissions and verbal alterations, by
the Editor's permission :—

" Taken in conjunction with Mr. Hume's gift in 1891, of
the bulk of his collection of similar objects, it constitutes
one of the most valuable acquisitions of the kind ever
received by the Museum. Apart from the collection presented
at various times during the first half of the last century by
Mr. Brian Hodgson, the Museum before 1891 was poor in
specimens of Indian big game, whereas it now possesses,
thanks to Mr. Hume, a collection of these objects which is
certainly unsurpassed and probably unrivalled. When
Mr. Hume gave the bulk of his collection to the Museum
in 1891, he reserved for himself a certain number of picked

XIV INTRODUCTION

specimens, and it is these that have now become the property
of the nation.

"The collection, which embraces specimens not only
from India proper, but from the Himalaya, Kuen-lun, the
Pamirs, Burma, etc., was made at a time when the big game
of many parts of this area was more abundant than is the
case at the present day, and consequently includes finer
examples of many species than are now obtainable. And
it is this which constitutes its chief value and interest, as
it would nowadays be impossible to bring together a similar
collection. Mr. Hume never did things by halves, and
when his collections of big-game trophies and birds were
made he had collectors or agents at work in all the countries
accessible from India.

" Nowadays, it is almost superfluous to mention, sports-
men attach a high value to heads which are 'records/ or
nearly such, in the matter of horn-length ; and it is obvious
that as many specimens as possible of this class — as being
the finest and handsomest of their kind — ought to be in the
national collection. In specimens of this nature the Hume
bequest is particularly rich, containing four which appear to
be ' records ' in their particular species or race, and many
others which approximate more or less closely in dimensions
to this standard.

" Among the species represented by unusually fine heads
are the yak of Tibet, the chiru antelope, with its long
V-shaped black horns, of the same area, the Goitred,
Yarkand, and Indian gazelles, the blackbuck of the plains
of India, the markhor goat and ibex of the Himalaya, the
tahr or ibex of the Nilgiris — which survives as the result
of Government protection — the gaur of the Pachmarri and
other Indian hill-ranges, and the buffalo of Assam. Wild
sheep are strongly represented, the chief species and races
being the Tibetan race of the argali, Marco Polo's sheep of
the Pamir, the smaller tirial of the Punjab and Ladak, and
the Tibetan bharal, which stands midway between sheep and
goats.

" Among the deer tribe the place of honour belongs to
the Sikhirn stag, or shou, of which there are two magnificent

INTRODUCTION

XV

heads, one being the actual ' record.' Till Mr. Hume made
his collection shou heads were very rare in Europe, and even
now they are much thought of even in the neighbourhood
of their own country. Other species in the collection include
the hangul of Kashmir, the sambar, the chital or spotted
deer, and the barasingh of the plains of India, the thamin
of Burma, remarkable for the unique form of its antlers,
and the Yarkand stag, which is the more valuable on
account of the circumstance that examples of this deer
have been difficult to obtain since the Chinese occupation
of the country."

The following Table exhibits the position occupied by
the finest heads in the bequest in Mr. Kowland Ward's
' Eecords of Big Game,' ed. 6, 1910 :—

Species.

Length of
Hume
Specimen.

Position in
Big Game
Records.

Record
Length.

Yarkand Stag ....

894

4

414

Shou , . .

66|

1

Sambar ,

6

55ff

Chital ,

38i

4

39

Hog-Deer ....

19£

14

Thamin

38 £

6

42

Chiru. .

27f

1

Blackbuck ....

28i

3

30 1

Yarkand Gazelle ....

16*

2

17

Arakan Serow ....
Himalayan ,, .

94

12J

5
1

ion

Tahr

14J

9

i^1

Nilgiri Tahr ....
Punjal and Astor Markhor .

16f

3

18

17!

63

Cabul and Suleiman

( 322

11

48^

I 31 ~

12

^dO i

Leh Ibex .

48i

1

2

Sind Wild Goat .

52|

3

55 *

Bharal

30|

3

32^

Tibetan Argali ....

48

14

57

Pamir „

66J

17

75

Leh Urial .

4

QQ

Baluchi ,,
Buffalo
Yak . . . . I

331

00 3

12
20

O*7

39|

77f

OOy

39

In addition to the specimens comprised in the bequest
-105 in number— the present Catalogue includes two of

xvi INTRODUCTION

the specimens presented to the Museum by Mr. Hume in
1891, as these respectively form the types of two races.

The synononay of the various species and races included
in the Catalogue makes no pretence to be complete, but is
merely sufficient to explain complicated points in nomen-
clature and to indicate to the reader where to refer to
descriptive accounts of the various species and races. Brief
descriptive notices of the species and races have been
introduced where it appeared desirable.

Unless the contrary is stated, the heads and horns
pertain to male animals.

It may be mentioned that the technical names employed
in this Catalogue are mainly based on priority, and that in
several instances they differ from those used by the late
Dr. Blanford and by the author in other' works.

All the illustrations are from specimens in the collection
described.

E. LYDEKKEE.
February, 1913.

CATALOGUE

OF THE

HUME BEQUEST

OF

INDIAN BIG GAME

FAMILY BOVID^ffi.

"THE GAUR.

BOS (BlBOS) GAURUS.

Bos gaurus, Hamilton Smith, in Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 899, 1827 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 484,
1891 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 50, 1907 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 440, 1910.

1.— 12. 10. 31. 81.* Skull, with horns. Northern
Travancore ; collected by Mr. A. W. Turner. Outer length
of horns <5l,t girth 16j, tip-to- tip interval 29 inches.

2.— 12. 10. 31. 82. Skull, with horns. Southern Mishmi
Hills. Outer length of horns 29, girth 15f, tip-to-tip
interval 36J inches.

3.— 12. 10. 31. 80. Skull, with horns, female (fig. 1).
Northern Travancore ; collected by Mr. A. W. Turner. Length
of horns 24, girth 13£, tip-to-tip interval 13 inches. This
specimen stands No. 65 in Mr. Ward's list, where it is the
record for its sex.

" This means the 81st specimen registered on October 31, 1912.

f This indicates the maximum length along the outer curve. If
in this and the following specimens there is any difference in the size
of the two horns, the dimensions refer to the larger one.

B

• -g s

; CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

FIG. 1. — SKULL AND HORNS OF Cow GAUR (Bos [Bibos"] gaurus).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

THE GAYAL.

BOS (BlBOS) FRONTALIS.

Bos frontalis, Lambert, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. vii, pp. 57, 302, 1804 ;
Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 487, 1891 ; LydeJcker,
Game Animals of India, etc. p. 64, 1907 ; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 446, 1910.

Although long regarded as a distinct species, there is no
reasonable doubt that the gayal is merely a domesticated
breed of the gaur, some herds of which have reverted to a
wild condition. Unfortunately the name frontalis antedates
gaurus.

4. —12. 10. 31. 88. Skull, with horns (fig. 1). Tenasserim,

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 6

between the town of that name and Lemyne ; shot by Mr.
W. Davison, Mr. Hume's collector. Length of horns 14J,
girth 13J, tip-to-tip interval 28 inches. This specimen stands
No. 3 in Mr. Ward's list. It is mentioned by Blanford as
being the only wild gayal with which he was acquainted.

THE YAK. .

BOS (POEPHAGUS) GEUNNIENS.

Bos grunniens, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 71, 1758, ed. 12, vol. i,
p. 99, 1766; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 490,
1891 ; LydeJcTcer, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 76, 1907 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 437, 1910.

5.— 12. 10. 31. 85. Skull, with horns (fig. 2), Angir-
takshin Pass, Kuen-hm Mountains ; shot, in the 'seventies,

FIG. 2. — SKULL AND HOENS OP YAK (Bos \_Poephagus] grunniens).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

by Mr. A. Dalgleish, who in the early part of that decade was
attached to the Central Asian Trading Company, and was

B 2

4 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

subsequently killed in Kashgaria. Length of horns 38J,
girth 18^, tip-to-tip interval 26 J inches. This specimen
stands No. 2 in Mr. Ward's list, and is exceeded in horn-
length only by a skull in the Lucknow Museum, in
which the horn-length is stated to be 39 inches ; since,
however, the two specimens were not measured with the
same tape, it is qui^e possible that re-measurement with a
steel tape would reverse their respective positions. The
next best specimen is one also from the Kuen-lun, presented
to the Museum by Mr. Hume in 1891, in which the horn-
length is 38 £ inches.

THE INDIAN BUFFALO, OR ARNA.

BOS (BUBALUS) BUBALIS.

Bos bubalis, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 71, 1758, ed. 12,
vol. i, p. 99, 1766 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 291,
1891; LydekJcer, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 83, 1907;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 427, 1910.

Two phases, or races, of this buffalo are found in Assam,
which differ in the shape of the horns ; those of the typical
form curving upwards in a sub-circular manner, while those
of the other are directed more or less outwards. In addition
to these is the dun buffalo.

A.— Typical Race.
Bos bubalis bubalis.

6.— 12. 10. 31. 84. Skull, with horns. Dhubri, Assam.
This specimen is No. 20 in Mr. Ward's list. Length of
horns, outside, 56J, girth 21J, tip-to-tip interval 40 inches.

7.— 12. 10. 31. 83. Skull, with horns, female. Gowhatti,
Assam. This specimen stands No. 29 in Mr. Ward's list.
Outside length of horns 54 J, girth 12f, tip-to-tip interval
69f inches.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 5

B. — Assam Dun Buffalo.

Bos bubalis fulvus.

Bos bubalis var. fulvus, Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm.

p. 492, 1891.
Bos bubalis fulvus, Lydelcker, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats, p. 126,

1898 ; Game Animals of India, etc. p. 88, 1907.

As one of the two type specimens was presented to the
Museum by Mr. Hume in 1891, this race is included in the
present Catalogue. It was described by Dr. Blanford as
follows : — " There is a very distinct race of a dun colour that
inhabits Upper Assam. I have seen two heads of bulls, one
in Mr. Hume's collection, now in the British Museum, the
other in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. These differ (from
the normal form) in the much more convex forehead, and
the skull is remarkably short in front of the orbits, the
nasals being shorter than the distance from their posterior
end to the vertex, whilst in ordinary buffaloes they are
larger." This communicates a concavity to the profile, which,
together with the shortness of the preorbital region, recalls
to some extent the skulls of African buffaloes (B. coffer).

91. 8. 7. 215. Skull and horns. Co-type. Mishmi Hills.

THE ARGALI.

OVIS AMMON.

Capra ammon, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 70, 1758, ed. 12,

vol. i, p. 97, 1766.
Ovis ammon, Erxleben, Syst. Nat., Mamm. p. 250, 1777; Ward,

Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 398, 1910 ; Ly&ekker, The Sheep

and Its Cousins, p. 268, 1912.

All the big wild sheep of Central Asia allied to the
argali of the Altai are best regarded as local races of that
species ; an almost complete gradation connecting the
massive, closely curved horns of the typical argali with the
lighter and more open type characterising those of the
Pamir argali.

6 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

A.— Tibetan Argali.
Ovis ammon hodgsoni.

Ovis hodgsoni, Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1840, p. 65 ; Blanford, Fauna

Brit. India, Mamm. p. 494, 1891.
Ovis ammon hodgsoni, LydekJcer, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 95,

1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 399, 1910.

8.— 12. 10. 31. 67. Skull, with horns. Ladak ; collected
by A. Dalgleish. In this specimen, which stands No. 14 in
Mr. Ward's list, the length of the horns is 46 J, the girth 19£,
and the interval between the tips 20 inches ; the correspond-
ing dimensions in the record specimen being 57, 18f, and
29 inches.

9.— 12. 10. 31. 68. Skull, with horns, Chantang, Kudok,
Western Tibet, near Pangong Lake.

10.— 12. 10. 31. 69. Skull, with horns, Ma Chan, Gartok,
Western Tibet.

11.— 12. 10. 31. 70. Skull, with horns, Hundes, Tibet.

B.— Kashgarian Arg-ali.
Ovis ammon humei, subsp. n.

Ovis poli, Stoliczka, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1874, p. 425, pi. liii, nee Blyth,

1840; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 496, 1891, in

part.
Ovis karelini, BrooJce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 512 ; Blanford, Zool.

2nd Yarkand Mission, Mamm. p. 80, 1878 ; nee Severtzoiv,

1873.

The wild sheep obtained by the Second Yarkand Expedi-
tion from the north-west of Kashgar, on the flanks of the Tian
Shan, were identified by Stoliczka with 0. poli. Sir Victor
and Mr. Basil Brooke subsequently referred them to 0. kare-
lini, Severtzow, of which the typical locality is the Ala-tau,
north of Lake Issik (Issik Kul), in the Semiretcherisk Altai,
although it was pointed out that the white rump-patch
is considerably larger than in the typical karelini. This
identification was accepted by Blanford in the " Zoology of
the Second Yarkand Mission," but in the " Fauna of British
India " he came to the conclusion that karelini, as represented
by the Kashgarian specimens, was inseparable from poli. In

OF INDIAN BIG GAME f

1902 the present writer* described a sheep from the south-
east of Kulja, or Hi, in the Tian Shan, as 0. sairensis little-
dalei, a title subsequently changed to 0. ammon littledalei,^
and he has hitherto been in doubt whether the Kashgarian
sheep should be referred to this race, to karelini, or to a
distinct form. A re-examination of the specimens in the
Museum (including a skin of littledalei obtained with the
type) has led to the conclusion that the Kashgarian sheep
represents a distinct race, for which the name of 0. ammon
humei is proposed; the type being a mounted ram in the
Museum, brought home by the Yarkand Mission, and
described by Brooke, \ with which the under-mentioned
pair of horns may be associated.

. The following are the distinctive features of these races
(of which only the last is included in this Catalogue), from
specimens in the winter coats : —

0. a. littledalei. Horns (fig. 3) shorter and less expanded

FIG. 3.— SKULL AND HORNS OP KULJA AEGALI (Ovis ammon littledalei}.

than in. poli, forming a little more than one complete turn.
Head brownish grey, with a nearly pure white muzzle;
throat-ruff pale yellowish fawn; general colour of upper-
parts (including nape) bright rufous fawn, rather darker on
middle of back, but no distinct dorsal line or flank-band;
thighs coloured like back ; no light rump-patch ; tail pale
yellowish fawn, with a whitish tinge ; fore-legs whitish grey

* Proc. Zool. Soc., 1902, p. 83.

f Lydekker, Field, vol. cxiii, D. 117, 1909, The Sheep and Its
Cousins, p. 277, 1912.
$ Op. cit., p. 513.

8 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

in front to knee, where there is a yellowish patch ; hind-legs
whitish grey in front nearly to hoofs, above which they are
light fawn ; throat-ruff coloured much like tail.

0. a. karelini* Horns f of the general type of littledalei,
but rather heavier. Head pale fawn on forehead and cheeks,
shading into white on muzzle ; throat-ruff white, shaded with
grey ; general colour light brown, becoming lighter towards
tail, where it is greyish white ; a distinct dark dorsal streak
and broad flank-band ; a rather small white rump-patch,
which includes the white tail ; hind surface of thighs white,
gradually shading into fawn of fore part of sides of same ;
upper part of fore-legs to knees, and lines on outer and
inner sides of hind-legs to hoofs pale fawn ; under-parts
yellowish white.

0. a. Jiumei. Horns f more or less of the littledalei type,
but with the outer front edge rounded in adults. Head
greyish brown above and at sides, but whitish on most of
face; back brownish grey, without dark dorsal streak, and
no distinct flank-band ; under-parts, limbs (including whole
of thighs), a large rump-patch, and tail pure white.

12.— 12. 10. 31. 87. Frontlet and horns, apparently
belonging to an immature individual. Paratype. Tian Shan,
north of the Maralbashi Forest ; collected by Mr. A. Dalgleish.
Length along outer curve 47, girth 13£, tip-to-tip 40 inches.

C.— Pamir Arg-ali.
Ovis ammon poll.

Ovis poll, Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 62 (polii) ; Blanford, Fauna
Brit. India, Mamm. p. 496, 1891 ; Lydekker, Wild Oxen, Sheep,
and Goats, p. 188, 1898, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 89, 1907.

Ovis ammon poli, LydeTcker, Field, vol. cxiii. p. 117, 1909, The Sheep
and Its Cousins, p. 282, 1912 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 405, 1910.

13.— 12. 10. 31. 76. Skull and horns (fig. 4). Valley
between Little and Great Pamir. In this head, which stands
No. 17 in Mr. Ward's list, the length of the horns is 66J, the

* Severtzow, Trans. Soc. Nat. Moscow, vol. viii, pi. 1, 1873.
f The Sheep and Its Cousins, pi. xxii, fig. 1.
j Brooke, op. cit., p. 512, figs. 2, 3.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME y

girth 13f, and the tip-to-tip interval 46J inches. The record
length is 75 inches.

14.— 12. 10. 31. 74. Skull and horns. Same locality ;
collected by Mr. A. Dalgleish.

15.— 12. 10. 31.75. Skull and horns. Same locality;
collected hy Mr. Dalgleish.

16.— 12. 10. 31. 79. Skull and horns (fig. 4). Same
locality.

FIG. 4. — SKULL AND HORNS OF PAMIR ARGALI (Ovis ammonpoli).

THE URIAL, OR SHA.

OVIS VIGNEI.

Ovis vignei, Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 70 ; Blanford, Fauna
Brit. India, Mamm. p. 497, 1891 ; Lydekker, Wild Oxen, Sheep,
and Goats, p. 166, 1898, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 99,
1907, The Sheep and Its Cousins, p. 261, 1912 ; Ward, Records
of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 468, 1910.

This species is represented by several local races, of which
three are represented in the collection, one of them having
been named by Mr. Hume.

A. — Astop and Ladak Uriah
Ovis vignei vignei.

Although typically from the Astor district, where it is
known as urin, this race is taken to include the urial or sha
—plural shapo — of Ladak.

17.— 32. 10. 31. 99. Skull and horns. Near Leh, at an
elevation of 10,000 feet; collected by Mr. JSTey Elias, the
well-known Central Asian traveller. In this specimen, which
stands No. 4 in Mr. Ward's list, the horns measure 36 J inches

10 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

in length by 11 J in girth, with a tip-to-tip interval of
4J inches. The record horn-length is 39 inches.

B.— Punjab Urial.
Ovis vignei punjabiensis, nom. n.

Ovis vignei cycloceros, Lydekker, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats,
p. 172, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 101, 1907, The Sheep
and Its Cousins, p. 261, 1912; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 410, 1910 ; nee 0. cycloceros, Hutton.

This race, the true urial, is a rather smaller and redder
sheep than the last, with the girth of the horns seldom
exceeding 10 inches.

18.— 12. 10. 31. 65. Skull and horns, Salt Eange, Punjab ;
shot by Mr. Hume. Length df horns 33J, girth 9£, tip-to-
tip interval 12J inches. This is the second best urial
definitely known to be from the Salt Range in Mr. Ward's
list ; the horn-length in the best being 34 inches.

C.— Afghan Urial.
Ovis vignei eyeloeeros.

Ovis cycloceros, Hutton, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. ii, p. 514,

1842.
Ovis blanfordi, Hume, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xlvi, pt. 2,

p. 327, 1877.
Ovis vignei blanfordi, LydeJcJfer, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats, p. 174,

Ib98, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 100, 1907, The Sheep and

Its Cousins, p. 264, 1912 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 410, 1910.

In this race the horns (fig. 5) are thicker than in the
last, and tend to turn outwards at the tips, forming a more
open spiral than in the other races, and have the front angles
prominent and occasionally showing a beaded structure.

The urial inhabiting Waziristan and the Trans-Indus
districts generally, as well as Baluchistan, are included in
this race.

19.— 12. 10. 31. 71. Skull and horns. Kelat, Baluchistan.
Type of blanfordi; collected by Dr. Duke. Length of
horns 34 J, girth 9, tip-to-tip interval 17 inches.

20.— 12. 10. 31. 66. Skull and horns (fig. 5). Haji
Khan, Kelat. Length of horns 37^, girth 10£, tip-to-tip

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 11

interval 12 inches. These dimensions are exceeded by
specimens from Waziristan.

21.— 12. 10. 31. 73. Skull and horns. Seah Koh,
Afghanistan ; shot by Col. G. de Morton.

FIG. 5.— SKULL AND HORNS OF AFGHAN UBIAL (Ovis vignei cycloceros).

THE BHARAL, OR BLUE SHEEP.

PSEUDOIS NAHOOR.

Ovis nayaur, Hodgson, Asiatic Researches, vol. xviii, pt. 2, p. 135,

1833, in part.

Ovis nahoor, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 107.
Ovis burrhel, Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 67.
Ovis nahura, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 170, 1843 ; Blanford,

Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 499, 1891 ; Ward, Records of Big

Game, ed. 6, p. 387, 1910.
Pseudois nahoor, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, p. 343,

1846.
Pseudois nahura, Nathusius, Zool. Anz. 1888, p. 333 ; Ward, Records

of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 387, 1910 ; Lydekker, Wild Oxen, Sheep,

and Goats, p. 231, 1898, The Sheep and Its Cousins, p. 309, 1912.
Ovis (Pseudois) nahura, Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 105,

1907.
Pseudois nayaur, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 863.

22.— 12. 10. 31. 77. Skull and horns. Garhwal. This
specimen stands No. 3 in Mr. Ward's list. Length of horns

12 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

30|, girth 12 J, tip-to-tip interval 21|. The record horn-length
is 32^ inches.

23.— 12. 10. 31. 78. Skull and horns. Garhwal.

THE SIND WILD GOAT.

CAPEA mucus BLYTHI.

Capra blythi, Hume, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1874, p. 240.

Capra segagrus, Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 502, 1891.

Capra hircus blythi, LydefcTcer, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats, p. 264,

1898, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 108, 1907 ; Ward, Records

of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 378, 1910.

This race was named, without description, by Mr. Hume
in order to distinguish it from Capra caucasica, with which

FIG. 6. — SKULL AND HORNS OF SIND WILD GOAT (Capra

hircus blythi).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

it had previously been confounded. It differs from the Persian
wild goat (C. hircus cegagrus) by its smaller size, the slight

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 13

development, or even absence, of the knots on the front edge
of the scimitar-like horns, which are more closely approxi-
mated at the tips, and apparently also by the paler ground-
colour of the coat.

24.— 12. 10. 31. 62. Skull and horns (fig. 6). Surjan
Hills, Sind ; shot by Col. F. Marston. Length of horns on
front edge 52f , girth 7|, tip-to-tip interval 8J inches. The
record length is 55J inches.

25.— 12. 10. 31. 63. Skull and horns. Twenty miles
north-west of the Eric Hills, Sind.

26.— 12. 10. 31. 64. Skull and horns. Mekran Hills ;
shot by Mr. J. Stupp.

THE ASIATIC IBEX.

CAPKA SIBIRICA.

Capra sibirica, Meyer, Zool. Annal. vol. i, p. 397, 1794 ; Blanford,
Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 503, 1891 ; Lydekker, Wild Oxen,
Sheep, and Goats, p. 255, 1898, Game Animals of India, etc.
p. 113, 1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 369, 1910.

This species, the finest representative of the true ibexes,
has been subdivided into a number of local races, of which
the typical one inhabits the Sayansk Eange, to the westward
of Lake Baikal.

A. — Kashmir Race.
Capra sibiriea sakeeiu

Capra sakeen, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xi, p. 283, 1841.

Ibex sakin, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi, p. 700, 1847.

Capra sakin, Blanford, Fanna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 504, 1891.

Capra sibirica sacin, Lydekker, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats, p. 284,
1898, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. i, p. 91, pi. x, Game Animals of
India, etc. p. 119, 1907 ; Ward, Eecords of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 369, 1910.

This race, which inhabits the mountains bordering the
northern and eastern sides of the Valley of Kashmir, from
which it may extend eastwards and northwards, is distin-
guished by the light colour of the back and the lower part of
the back of the neck, which, with the exception of a narrow
light brown dorsal stripe, is pale brownish or creamy white.

27.— 12. 10. 31. 60. Skull and horns. Kashmir.

14 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

28.— 12. 10. 31. 59. Skull and horns, belonging to the
Kashmir or an allied race. Mushnai, Khagan, between
Kashmir and Afghanistan.

B. — Lahul Race.
Capra sibiriea niippii.

Capra sibiriea filippii, Camerano, Atti Ac. Sci. Torino, vol. xlvL
p. 199, 1911.

Distinguished from the Balti and allied races by horn-
characters.

29.— 12. 10. 31. 61. Skull and horns. Sutlej Valley
above Eampur.

The following specimens may belong to this race :—

30.— 12. 10. 31. 58. Skull and horns. Upper Shyok
Valley, Nubra, north of Leh ; collected by Mr. Ney Elias.
This, the best ibex-head in the collection, stands No. 39 in
Mr. Ward's list. The horns measure 48J inches in length
and 9| in girth, with a tip-to tip interval of 30J inches. The
record length for Asiatic ibex (Tian Shan race) is 58 inches.

31.— 12. 10. 31. 57. Skull and horns. Near Leh ; collected
by Mr. Elias.

THE MARKHOR.

CAPRA FALCONERI.

-Sjgoceros (Capra) falconeri, Wagner, Munch, gelehrt. Anzeigei\
vol. ix, p. 430, 1839.

Capra falconeri, Wagner, in Hugel's Kasckmir, vol. iv, 579, 1848;
Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 505, 1891 ; Lydekker,
Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats, p. 286, 1898, Game Animals of
India, etc. p. 121, 1907; Ward, Becords of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 360, 1910.

All the forms of wild goats with the horns twisted in
screw-like or corkscrew-like fashion are included under this
specific title ; the variation in the shape of the horns being
taken for the basis of division into local races, at least some
of which appear to intergrade.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 15

A.— Astor Markhor.
Capra faleoneri faleoneri.

In this, the typical, race the horns form a more open
spiral and are more divergent than in any of the others ;
their length being also great, although not the maximum.

32.— 12. 10. 31. 55. Frontlet and horns (fig. 7). Astor.
In this specimen, which stands No. 43 in Mr. Ward's list, the

FIG. 7. — FRONTLET AND HORNS OF ASTOR MARKHOR (Capra faleoneri

faleoneri).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

horns measure 49 inches in length along the curve, 35 inches
in a straight line, and 14 in girth, with a tip-to-tip interval
of 44 inches.

33.— 12. 10. 31. 54. Skull and horns, provisionally
referred to this race. In Mr. Hume's MS. list this specimen
is stated to come from Astor ; but in Mr. Ward's list, where
it stands No. 18, the locality — on Mr. Hume's own statement
—is given as uncertain. The horns measure 54^ inches along
the curve and 10J in girth, with a tip-to-tip interval of
26J inches.

16 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

B.— Pir-Panjal Markhor.
Capra falconer! eashmiriensis.

Capra falconer! eashmiriensis, LydeJclcer, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and
Goats, p. 290, 1898, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 124, 1907 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 360, 1910.

FIG. 8. — SKULL AND HORNS OF PIR-PANJAL MAEKHOB (Capra

falconeri eashmiriensis).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

The horns form a less open spiral than in the typical
race, and in fine examples show two complete turns. There
is probably a gradation from this race to the Astor markhor

OF INDIAN BIG GAME

17

on the one hand and the Cabul markhor on the other. The
habitat is typically the Pir Panjal Kange on the southern
side of the Kashmir Valley, but also includes the Kaj-nag
Eange, on the western side of the Jhelam.

34.— 12. 10. 31. 56. Skull and horns (fig. 8). Pir Panjal.
This specimen is No. 53 in Mr. Ward's list. The horns
measure 48 inches along the curve, 37f in a straight , line,
and 12£ in girth, with a tip-to-tip interval of 29 inches.
The record length for this race is 63 inches.

C.— Gilgit or Hazara(?) Markhor.

Capra faleoneri, subsp.

35.— 12. 10. 31. 86. Frontlet and horns (fig. 9). Locality
unknown. In regard to this specimen Mr. Hume com-

FIG. 9.— FRONTLET AND HORNS OP GILGIT OR HAZARA (?) MARKHOR

(Capra faleoneri, subsp.).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

C

18 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

municated the following note:* — "The horns of this form,
hitherto never seen on the entire skull, but usually on the
frontal bone only, are brought down occasionally to Peshawar
from Cabul, and again find their way sometimes into the
Srinagar bazaar. They come from the west and from a long
way off, and that is all that can usually be learned about
them. They belong to the cork-screw group, but differ from
those of the two preceding races in being much slenderer,
and also in the greater number of turns put in by their main
ridge in any given length of horn measured straight from
base to tip. In this respect they are to the Pir Panjal and
Astor races what the Suleman Eange ones are to those of the
Cabul Mountains. The horns make a regular V, broader or
narrower, but the tip-to-tip measurement never, I believe,
exceeds the length straight, and usually, I think, falls at
least one-sixth short of this. The Cabuli from whom the
specimen was purchased said that he believed they came
from Hazara ; at the time I thought that he meant British
Hazara, but I now believe he meant Afghan Hazara. I have
often thought that perhaps they come from Kafiristan, and
that they form a connecting link between the Pir Panjal and
Cabul races."

On the other hand, the intermediate character of the
horns is suggestive of the Gilgit district.

D.— Cabul Markhor.
Capra falconer! megaeeros.

Capra megaeeros, Hutton, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. ii, p. 535,

1842.
Capra falconer! megaeeros, Lydekker, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats,

p. 293, 1898, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1902, p. 323, pi. xxvii, Game

Animals of India, etc. p. 127, 1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,

ed. 6, p. 367, 1910.

The markhor inhabiting the mountain ranges of northern
Afghanistan forms another stage in the gradation from the
Astor to the Suleman race, its horns being intermediate
between those of the latter and those of the Pir Panjal race,
In full-grown bucks, although nearly straight, they form a

* See Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 126.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME

19

slightly open spiral, or, in other words, show a tendency
towards the cork-screw type so conspicuous in the preceding
races. It is probable, indeed, that a complete gradation
may be found from the Fir Panjal to the Suleman type by

FIG. 10.— SKULL AND HORNS OF GABUL MARKHOK (Capra falconeri

megaceros).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

means of the present form, especially as represented in
Chitral.

36.— 12. 10. 31. 51. Skull and horns (fig. 10). Afghanistan.
In this specimen, which stands No. 12 in Mr. Ward's list,
the horns measure 32 inches in a straight line and 10 in
girth, with a tip-to-tip interval of 27J inches.

c 2

20

CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

E. — Suleman Markhor.
Capra falconer! jerdoni.

Capra jerdoni, Hume, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1874, p. 240.

Capra falconer! jerdoni, LydeJcker, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats,

p. 294, 1898, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 130, 1907 ; Ward,

Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 367, 1910.

In the markhor of the Suleman and other Trans-Indus
districts, including Quetta, the horns are relatively short and

FIG. 11. — SKULL AND HORNS OF SULEMAN MARKHOR (Capra falconeri

jerdoni}.
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

form a regular straight cone, on the surface of which the
front and hind keels are wound in a sharp spiral, forming in

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 21

good specimens two to three complete turns. The bodily
size is less than in the typical and Pir Panjal races.

It is probable that either one or other of the following
specimens, or one of those presented to the Museum by
Mr. Hume in 1891 is the type of this race.

37.— 12. 10. 31. 52. Skull and horns (fig. 11). Dehra
Ghazi Khan, Suleman Eange. In this specimen, which stands
No. 22 in Mr. Ward's list, the length of the horns in a straight
line is 26| inches, the girth 11J, and the tip-to-tip interval
22^ inches. The record length for the Suleman race is
48J inches, in a single horn in the collection of the Museum.

38.— 12. 10. 31. 53. Skull and horns. Dehra Ismail
Khan. Length of horns 25 J inches ; tip to tip 22 inches.

THE TAHR.

HEMITEAGUS JEMLAICUS.

Capra jemlanica (jemlahica on plate), Hamilton Smith, in Griffith's
Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 308, 1827.

Capra jemlahica, H. Smith, op. cit., vol. v, p. 358, 1827.

Capra jharal, Hodgson, Asiat. Research., vol. xviii, pp. 2, 129, 1833.

Capra quadrimammis, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. iv,
p. 710, 1835.

Hemitragus quadrimammis, vel jharal, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, vol. x, p. 913, 1841.

Hemitragus jemlaicus, Gray, Cat. Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 60, 1847;
Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 509, 1891 ; LydekJcer,
Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats, p. 298, 1898, Game Animals of
India, etc. p. 134, 1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 355, 1910 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 866.

39.— 12. 10. 31. 45. Skull and horns. Kumaon. This
specimen stands No. 9 in Mr. Ward's list. Length of horns
14J-, girth 8J-, tip to tip 6| inches. The record length is
inches.

40.— 12. 10. 31. 46. Skull and horns. Mula-danpur,
Kumaon ; collected by Mr. N. Troup.

41.— 12. 10. 31. 47. Skull and horns. Mula-danpur;
collected by Mr. Troup.

CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

THE NILGIRI TAHR.

HEMITRAGUS HYLOCRIUS.

Kemas hylocrius, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 81.

Hemitragus hylocrius, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxviii,
p. 291, 1859; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 511,
1891; Lydekker, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats, p. 303, 1898,
Game Animals of India, etc. p. 137, 1907 ; Ward, Records of
Big Game, ed. 6, p. 358, 1910.

42.— 12. 10. 31. 48. Mounted head. Near Utacamund,
Mlgiris ; collected by Mr. Ehodes Morgan. In this specimen,
which stands No. 3 in Mr. Ward's list, the horns measure
16| inches in length and 8f in girth, with a tip-to-tip interval
of 5| inches. The record length is 17^- inches.

43.— 12. 10. 31. 50. Skull and horns. Travancore Hills ;
collected by Mr. A. W. Turner. Length of horns 13* inches.

44.— 12. 10. 31. 49. Skull and horns. Near Utacamund ;
collected by Mr. Morgan.

THE TAKIN.

BUDORCAS TAXICOLOR.

Budorcas taxicolor, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xix,

p. 65, pi. i, 1850; Hume, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 483;

LydeJcher, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 158, 1907, Proc.

Zool. Soc. 1908, p. 795 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 349, 1910; Pocock, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1910,

p. 814, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 856.
Budorcas taxicola, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 45, 1852,

Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 32, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants

Brit. Mus. p. 101, 1873.

Mr. Hume, in the paper cited above, expressed the
opinion that the horns of female takin differ essentially in
form from those of males, this opinion being based on a
pair of horns which are evidently those of an immature
male.

45.— 12. 10. 31. 43. Imperfect skull and horns. Mishmi
Hills ; collected by Mr. Needham. This specimen, which is
probably the one represented in figure 1 of the plate accom-
panying Mr. Hume's paper, stands No. 11 in Mr. Ward's
list. The horns measure 20| inches in length and 11 J in
girth, with a tip-to-tip interval of 12 \ inches. In a specimen

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 23

presented by Mr. Hume to the Museum in 1891 the horn-
length is 20| inches. The record length is 25 inches.

46. — 12. 10. 31. 44. Immature frontlet and horns. Mishmi
Hills ; collected by Mr. Needham. This specimen was
regarded by Mr. Hume as a female.

THE SEROW, OR SARAO.

CAPEICORNIS SUMA.TRENSIS.

Antilope sumatraensis, Bechstein, Ubersicht vierfuss. Thiere, vol. i,

p. 98, 1799.

Antilope sumatrensis, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 354, 1801.
Antilope (Nemorhedus) sumatrensis, Hamilton Smith, in Griffith's

Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 277, vol. v, p. 352, 1827.
Naemorhsedus sumatrensis, Hamilton Smith, Jar dine' s Nat. Libr.,

Mamm, vol. iv, p. 97, 1836.
Nemorhsedus sumatrensis, Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv,

p. 272, 1846 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 314 ;

Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 139, 1907 ; Ward,

Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 345, 1910.
Capricornis sumatrensis, Ogilby, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 138 ; Gray,

List Mamm. Brit. Mus. pp. xxvi and 166, 1843.
Capricornis sumatraensis, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 176.

The identification of the Indian and Burmese serows with
the Sumatran species was suggested by the present writer in
1900, this view being provisionally adopted (Proc. Zool. Soc.
1908, p. 175) but subsequently abandoned (Ibid, 1910, p. 855)
by Mr. Pocock.

A.— Himalayan, or Nepal, Serow.
Caprieornis sumatrensis bubalinus.

Antilope thar, Hodgson, Gleanings in Science, vol. iii, p. 324, 1831,

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 105.

Antilope bubalina, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 12.
Antilope (Nemorhedus) thar, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 86.
Capricornis thar, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 138; Pocock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i, p. 187, 1908, Proc. Zool.

Soc. 1910, p. 855.
Capricornis bubalina, Gray, List., Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 166, 1843,

Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. Ill, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit.

Mus. p. 20, 1872.
Nemorhaedus bubalinus, Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind., Mamm.

p. 513, 1891.

24 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

Nemorhsedus sumatrensis bubalinus, LydeJcker, Great and Small
Game of India, p. 128, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc.
p. 139, 1907; Ward, Eecords of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 346, 1910.

Capricornis smnatraensis thar, PococTc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908, p. 176.

Although thar is undoubtedly the earliest scientific
name for this serow (which is called thar in Nepal), it is
liable to lead to confusion with Hemilragus jemlaicus.

47.— 12. 10. 31. 35. Skull and horns. Garhwal ;
collected by Mr. F. Wilson. This specimen is the record
in the matter of horn-length, which is 12 J inches; the girth
of the horns being 6£, and the tip-to-tip interval 2f inches.

The following specimens may belong either to this or to
C. s. jamrachi, Pocock (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1908, p. 183). It
might have been expected that all the Himalayan serows
east of Darjiling belonged to the last-named race, but Mr.
Pocock (pp. cit., p. 178) refers a Sikhim specimen to the
present one.

48.— 12. 10. 31. 33. Skull and horns. Mishmi Hills ;
collected by Mr. J. Needham.

49.— 12. 10. 31. 34. Skull and horns. Garo Hills, Assam ;
shot by Mr. G. P. Sanderson, author of Thirteen Years
among the Wild Beasts of India.

50.— 12. 1 0. 31. 89. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. •

B.— Kashmir Serow.
Caprieornis sumatrensis humei.

Capricornis sumatraensis humei, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908, p. 178.
Nemorhaedus sumatrensis humei, Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 346, 1910.

Although this race is unrepresented in the Hume
Bequest, it is mentioned here on account of being typified
by a specimen presented by Mr. Hume to the Museum in
1891.

This race is distinguished by the entire head being
uniformly pale chocolate-brown, without any admixture of
black, although there are some black hairs on the fore part
of the neck. The sides of the front of the lower jaw are
white, but there is no light throat-patch.

91. 8. 7. 95. Mounted head. Type. Kashmir. A second

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 25

specimen referable to this race is a skull, with horns, from
the Pir Panjal Kange, Kashmir, presented to the Museum
by the writer in 1888. The length of the horns is 9J, the
girth 5J-, and the tip-to-tip interval 6 inches.

C.— Arakan Serow.
Caprieornis sumatrensis rubidus.

Capricornis rubida, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,

p. 174, 1863.
Nembrhaedus sumatrensis rubidus, Lydekker, Great and Small Game

of India, p. 131, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 143, 1907;

Ward, Eecords of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 346, 1910.
Capricornis sumatraensis rubidus, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908,

p. 175.

Distinguished by the prevailing red colour of the coat.

51.— 12. 10. 31. 36. Skull and horns, Arakan; collected
by Mr. J. D. Mercer. This specimen is the record for this
race, the length of the horns being 9^, the girth 5, and the
tip-to-tip interval 5J inches.

52.— 12. 10. 31. 37. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector.

D.— Sze-chuan Serow.

Caprieornis sumatrensis milne-edwardsi.

Capricornis milne-edwardsi, David, Arch. Mus. Paris, Bull, vol. v,

p. 10, 1869.

Nemorhedus edwardsii, Anderson, Zool. Yunnan Exped. p. 335, 1878.
Nemorhsedus sumatrensis milne-edwardsi, LydeTclter, Game Animals

of India, etc. p. 143, 1907.
Capricornis sumatraeiisis milne-edwardsi, PococTc, Proc. Zool. Soc.

1908, p. 175.

Characterised by the rufous shanks, coupled with the
uniformly blackish brown colour of the whole of the upper-
parts.

53.— 12. 10. 31. 38. Skull and horns. Tho Toungyen
Valley, above Myawadi, Burma.

54.— 12. 10. 31. 39. Frontlet and horns. Pabya Hill
(600 ft.), 76 miles S.S.W. of Moulmein, Lower Burma.

55.— 12. 10. 31. 40. Frontlet and horns. Dorngin Hill,
north of Moulmein.

26 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

THE GORAL.

NEMORILEDUS GORAL.

Antilope goral, HardwicTce, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. xiv, p. 518,

pi. xiv, 1825.
Antilope (Nemorhedus) goral, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 85,

Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. iv, p. 488, 1835.
Kemas goral, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 138 ; Hodgson, Journ.

Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi, p. 607, 1847.
Nemorhedus goral, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 166, 1843, Cat.

Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 112, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.

p. 41, 1872; Horsfield, Cat. E. Indian Mus. p. 168, 1851.
Cemas goral, Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 516, 1891.
Urotragus goral, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of India, p. 136,

1900.
Urotragus bedfordi, Lydekker, Zoologist, 1905, p. 83 ; Ward, Records

of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 342, 1910.
Naemorhedus goral, Pococlc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908, p. 192.

In employing Nemorlicedus for the gorals instead of the
serows, the writer has followed Mr. Pocock, although he con-
siders such a change much to be deprecated, especially as in
Hamilton Smith's original description the name N. suma-
trensis stands first. As regards the spelling of the name,
Ncemorhedus is etymologically wrong, as the word is derived
from nemus (gen. nemoris), a wood, and hcedus, a young goat.
Hamilton Smith himself seems to have been uncertain with
regard to the spelling, as on p. 277 of vol. iv. of the " Animal
Kingdom," he has Nsemorhsedine Group, while in the fifth
volume he employed Ncemorhedus, and in the " Naturalists'
Library," Ncemor/iccdus.

The following specimens may belong either to the present
species or to N. hodgsoni, Pocock (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908,
p. 195).

56.— 12. 10. 31. 41. Skull and horns. Near Masuri,
Garhwal. In this specimen, which stands No. 14 in Mr.
Ward's list, the horns measure 7£ inches in length by 3 in
girth, with a tip-to-tip interval of 2| inches. The record
length for goral-horns is 9J inches.

57.— 12. 10. 31. 42. Skull and horns. Kumaon.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 27

THE NILGAI.

BOSELAPHUS TRAGOCAMELUS.

Antilope tragocamelus, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 5, 1766, Spicilegia
Zoologica, fasc. i, p. 9, 1767, fasc. xii, p. 13, 1777.

Antilope picta, Pallas, Spic. Zool. fasc. xii, p. 14, 1777.

Portax tragocamelus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 146, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 141, 1852.

Boselaphus tragocamelus, Sclater, List. Anim. Zool. Gardens, ed. 8,
p. 137, 1883; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll.
Surgeons, pt. ii, p. 260, 1884; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India,
Mamm. p. 517, 1891 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 93, 1900 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc.
p. 164, 1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 303, 1910.

58.— 12. 31. 10. 15. Skull and horns. Oudh. In this
specimen, which stands No. 10 in Mr. Ward's list, the horns
measure 9 inches in length by 6| in girth, with a tip-to-tip
interval of 3J inches. The record length is 10 inches.

59.— 12. 31. 10. 16. Skull and horns. Oude.

THE CHOUSINGHA, OR FOUR-HORNED ANTELOPE.

TETKACEROS QUADRICORNIS.

Cerophorus (Cervicapra) quadricornis, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom.

1816, pp. 75, 78.
Antilope quadricornis, Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. ser. 2,

vol. ii, p. 193, 1816.
Antilope (Tetraceros) quadricornis, Hamilton Smith, in Griffiths'

Anim. King. vol. iv, p. 256, vol. v, p. 845, 1827.
Tetraceros quadricornis, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 159, 1843,

Cat. Hodgson Coll. p. 26, 1846 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India,

Mamm. p. 519, 1891 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,

vol. i, p. 215, 1895 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc.

p. 171, 1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 302, 1910;

Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 921.

It is doubtful if the two-horned form known as T. q. sub-
quadricornutus really indicates a distinct race. Although
formerly classed next to the African duikerboks (Cephalophus),
the chousingha is now regarded as a near relative of the
nilgai.

60-62.— 12. 10. 31. 94-96. Three skulls, with horns.
Localities unknown.

28 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

THE CHIRU, OR TIBETAN ANTELOPE.

PANTHOLOPS HODGSONI.

Antilope hodgsoni, Abel, Calcutta Govt. Gazette, vide Phil. Mag.

vol. Ixviii, p. 234, 1826, Edinburgh Journ. Sci. vol. vii, p. 164,

1827.
Pantholops hodgsoni, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 80, Journ.

Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xi, p. 282, 1842, Calcutta Journ. Nat.

Hist. vol. iv, p. 291, 1844; Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus.

p. 52, 1852 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 524, 1891 ;

Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 45, pi. ii, 1897 ;

Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 184, 1907 ; Ward,

Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 233, 1910 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool.

Soc. 1910, p. 898.

This species, the sole representative of its genus, is
remarkable for having only two pairs of premolars in
each jaw.

63.— 12. 10. 31. 20. Skull and horns. North of Beansi
Pass, Kumaon ; collected by Mr. Norman Troup. This
specimen stands No. 1 in Mr. Ward's list. Length of
horns 27f, girth 6 J, tip-to-tip interval 13 J inches.

64.— 12. 10. 31. 21. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. No. 3 in Mr. Ward's list. Length of horns 27-J,
girth 5£, tip-to-tip interval 15J.

65.— 12. 10. 31. 22. Skull and horns. Same locality
and collector.

THE BLACKBUCK, OR INDIAN ANTELOPE.

ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA.

Capra cervicapra, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 17, ed. 12, vol. i,
p. 96, 1766.

Antilope cervicapra, Pallas, Misc. Zool., p. 9, 1766; Spicil. Zool.
fasc. viii, p. 18, 1767, vol. xii, p. 19, 1777; Blanford, Fauna
Brit. India, Mamm. p. 591, 1891 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book
of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 5, pi. xlviii, 1897; Lydekker, Game
Animals of India, etc. p. 175, 1907; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 235, 1910 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 894.

Cervicapra bezoartica, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 159, 1843.

Antilope bezoartica, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 117, Cat. Ungu-
lata Brit. Mus. p. 66, 1852 ; Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 275, 1867.

66.— 12. 10. 31. 18. Skull and horns (fig. 12). Gurgaon,
near Delhi. In this beautiful head, which stands No. 3
in Mr. Ward's list, the horns measure 28J inches in a

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 29

straight line, with a girth of 5 inches, and a tip-to-tip
interval of 17f inches.

67.— 12. 10. 31. 17. Skull and horns. Sirsa, Punjab
shot by Mr. Hume. Stands No. 13 in Mr. Ward's list. The

FIG. 12. — SKULL AND HORNS OF BLACKBUCK (Antilope cervicapra).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

horns measure 26 J inches in length, by 5 in girth, with a
tip-to-tip interval of 17J- inches.

30 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

68.— 12. 10. 31. 19. Skull and horns. Gurgaon ; col-
lected by Mr. W. Chill.

69.— 12. 10. 31. 26. Skull and horns of female. Gurgaon.
Females are normally hornless; and in this instance the
horns curve outwards and downwards in an altogether
peculiar manner. The specimen is figured in The Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii., p. 14.

THE CHINKARA, OR INDIAN GAZELLE.

GAZELLA BENNETTI.

Antilope bennettii, Sylcea, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 104.

Gazella bennettii, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 161, 1843.

Gazella bennetti, Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 526, 1891 ;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 119, pi. Ix,
1898 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 201, 1907 ; Ward,
Records 'of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 249, 1910.

70.— 12. 10. 31. 23. Skull and horns. Gurgaon, near
Delhi ; collected by Mr. Hume. No. 20 in Mr. Ward's list.
Length of horns 12f , girth 4£, tip to tip 5 inches.

71.— 12. 10. 31. 24. Skull and horns. Delhi.

72.— 12. 10. 31. 25. Skull and horns. Gurgaon;
collected by Mr. W. Chill.

73.— 12. 10. 31. 72. Skull and horns. Locality unknown.

THE GOA, OR TIBETAN GAZELLE.

GAZELLA PICTICAUDATA.

Procapra picticaudata, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv,

p. 334, pi. ii, 1847.
Antilope picticaudata, Wagner, in Schreber's Sdugtliiere, Suppl.

vol. v, p. 408, 1855.
Gazella picticaudata, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 547 ; Sclater

and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 71, 1898 ; Lydekker,

Game Animals of India, etc. p. 189, 1907 ; Ward, Records of

Big Game, ed. 6, p. 241, 1910.

74.— 12. 10. 31. 27. Skull and horns. Hills north of
Kurnaon. No. 18 in Mr. Ward's list. Length of horns 12|-,
girth 3£, tip to tip 4J inches. In a skull presented by Mr.
Hume in 1891 the horn-length is 13J inches. The record
length is 14J inches.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 31

75.— 12. 10. 31. 28. Skull and horns. Dhama Valley,
on northern side of Beansi Pass ; collected. by Mr. N. Troup.

THE GOITRED, OR PERSIAN GAZELLE.

GAZELLA SUBGUTTUROSA.

Antilope subgutturosa, Giildenstadt, Acta Ac. sci. Petrop. 1778, pt. 1,
p. 251, 1780.

Gazella subgutturosa, Gray, List, Mamm., Brit. Mus. p. 160, 1843;
Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 528, 1891 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 89, 1898 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of India, etc. p. 192, 1907 ; Ward, Records of
Big Game, ed. 6, p. 246, 1910.

It is possible that one or both of the under-mentioned
specimens may belong to the allied G. seistanica (Lydekker
Nature, vol. Ixxxiii., p. 202, 1910) of Eastern Persia.

76.— 12. 10. 31. 100. Skull and horns. Pishin Valley,
Kelat, Baluchistan ; collected by Col. Sir 0. B. St. John.
In this specimen, which stands No. 6 in Mr. Ward's list, the
horns measure 13£ inches in length by 4J in girth, with a
tip-to-tip interval of 4 inches.

77.— 12. 10. 31. 29. Skull and horns. The horns are
smaller than those of the preceding specimen, the girth
being 3f , and the tip-to-tip 3 inches. Locality unknown.

THE SAIKIK, OR YARKAND GAZELLE.

GAZELLA YARKAXDENSIS.

Gazella subgutturosa var. yarkandensis, Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, vol. xliv, pt. 2, p. 112, 1879, Zool. 2nd Yarkand Mission,
Mamm. p. 88, pi. xv, 1879 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 94, 1898; Lydekker, Game Animals of
India, etc. p. 196, 1907.

Gazella yarcandensis, Lydekker, Nature, vol. Ixxxiii, p. 202, 1910 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 247, 1910.

78.— 12. 10. 31. 30. Frontlet and horns. Plains of
Yarkand ; collected by Mr. A. Dalgleish. This specimen
stands No. 2 in Mr. Ward's list. Length of horns 16,
girth 15, tip-to-tip 3£ inches. The record length is 17 inches.

79.— 12. 10. 31. 31. Skull and horns. Same locality
and collector.

80.— 12. 10. 31. 32. Skull and horns. Same locality
and collector.

32 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

FAMILY CERVID^E.
THE SHOU.

CERVUS WALLICHI.

Cervus wallichii, Cuvier, Ossemens Fossiles, ed. 4, vol. vi, p. 89, 1835 ;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 574 ; Lydekker, Field, vol. cxx,
p. 860, 1912.

Five Central Asian deer, namely, C. wallichi, from the
neighbourhood of the Mansarowar Lake, C. affinis, of the
Chumbi Valley and Bhutan, C. cashmirianus, of Kashmir,
C. macneilli, of Sze-chuan, and C. kansuensis, of Kan-su, and
probably Yun-nan, constitute a group of the typical section
of the genus, distinct from the red deer group (C. elaphus)
on the one hand, and the wapiti group (C. canadensis) on the
other. They are provisionally allowed specific rank by
Mr. Pocock, but the present writer has given reasons for
regarding affinis as a local race of wallichi, and kansuensis as
a race of macneilli, whilst cashmirianus represents by itself
a third species.

The present species, in this wider sense, is characterised,
in addition to the peculiar form of the antlers,* by the
extension of the white on the back of the thighs above the
root of the tail to form a rump-patch, with little or no
blackish brown in front of the same.

Sikhim, or True, Shou.
Cervus walliehi afflnis.

Cervus affinis, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. x, p. 721,
1841 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 537, 1891 ;
Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, p. 88, 1898, Game Animals of
India, etc. p. 215, 1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. (3,
p. 37, 1910 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 572.

Distinguished from the Mansarowar C. wallichi wallichi
by the much smaller size of the white rump-patch, which is

* In the specimen of the typical -wallichi now living in the
Zoological Society's Gardens, the antlers in September appeared to
be of the general type of those of the Sikhim shou.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 33

traversed by a longitudinal dark streak, and apparently by
the pale fawn-brown (instead of earthy brown) colour.

81.— 12. 10. 31. 4. Skull and antlers (fig. 13). Northern
Bhutan ; collected by Mr. L. Mandelli. In this specimen ,

FIG. 13. — SKULL AND ANTLERS OF SIKHIM SHOU (Cervus wallichi affinis).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

which stands No. 1 in Mr. Ward's list, the dimensions of the
antlers are as follows : length on outer curve 55}, girth 6J,
tip-to-tip 17^, widest inside span 40|^ inches.

THE HANGUL.

CERVUS CASHMIRIANUS.

Cervus hanglu, Wagner, in Schreber's Saiigthiere, vol. iv. p. 352

(note), 1843 ; Pococlc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 566.
Cervus cashmeriensis, Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 529.

D

34 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

Cervus wallichii, Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 1867, nee Cuvier.

Cervus cashmeerianus, Falconer's Pal. Mem. vol. i, p. 576, 1868.

Cervus cashmirianus, Fitzinger, Sitzber. Ak. Wien, vol. Ixix, pt. 1,
p. 586, 1874 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 355,
1891 ; Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, p. 83, pi. iv, 1898, Game
Animals of India, etc. p. 208, 1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 32, 1910.

In addition to the form of the antlers, this species is
distinguished from the other members of the group by the
white chin and lower lip, the pale fawn muzzle, and the
broadly pointed ears, of which the upper margin is straight.
The white of the hind-quarters is restricted to the hind part
of the thighs, and does not extend beyond the sides of the
root of the tail, of whicji the lower surface is white and the
upper dark. In front the white area is bordered by a broad
blackish brown band, forming a patch on the rump.

82.— 12. 10. 31. 1. Skull and antlers. Sind Valley,
Kashmir ; collected by Mr. A. Dalgleish. This specimen is
No. 24 in Mr. Ward's list, the measurements of the antlers
being as follows : length on outer curve 43, girth 6, tip to
tip 20, widest inside span 35 inches. In a specimen presented
by Mr. Hume to the Museum in 1891 the antler-length is
45| inches ; the record length is 48J inches.

83.— 12. 10. 31. 2. Skull and antlers. Same locality and
collector.

THE YARKAND STAG.

YARKANDENSIS.

Cervus cashmirianus yarkandensis, Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 117 ; Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, p. 88, 1898.

Cervus yarkandensis, Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 447.

Cervus yarcandensis, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 933, Game
Animals of India, etc. p. 215, 1907; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 35, 1910.

Apart from a marked difference in the form of the antlers,
this species is distinguished by its light rufous colour, the
presence of a large orange rump-patch, including the tail, which
is also orange, and by less blackish brown on the buttocks.

84.— 12. 10. 31. 3. Skull and antlers (fig. 14). Maralbashi
Forest, N.W. of Kashgar ; collected by Mr. A. Dalgleish.
This specimen stands fourth in Mr. Ward's list. The
measurements of the antlers are : length on outer curve

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 35

39J, girth 6, tip to tip 24£, widest inside span 25 inches.
A second specimen with rather longer antlers (40^ inches) is
mentioned in the list as being in the Hume collection, but

FIG. 14. — SKULL AND ANTLERS OF YARKAND STAG (Cervus yarkandensis).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

it may be one of those presented by Mr. Hume to the
Museum in 1891. The record length is 41 1 inches, in a
specimen (No. 92. 7. 71. 1.) presented to the Museum by Sir
H. Lennard. The type specimen is a skull, with antlers,
presented to the Museum by Major C. S. Cumberland.

D 2

36 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

THE BARASINGH, OR SWAMP-DEER,

CERVUS (KucERvus) DUVAUCELI.

Cervus duvaucelii, Cuvier, Ossemens Fossilcs, ed. 3, vol. iv, p. 505,

1825.
Eucervus duvaucelii, Fitzinger, Sitzber. Ak. Wien, vol. Ixviii, pt. 1.

p. 356, 1873.
Cervus duvauceli, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878. p. 905 ; Blanford,

Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 538, 1891 ; Lydekker, Game

Animals of India, etc. p. 245, 1907.
Cervus (Eucervus) duvauceli, Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, p. 189,

pi. xiv, 1898 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 79, 1910 ;

Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 943.

85.— 12. 10. 31. 5. Skull and antlers. Gowhati, Assam.
Neither this nor the following specimen has antlers sufficiently
large to be included in Mr. Ward's list.

86.— 12. 10. 31. 6. Skull and antlers. Kheri district,
Oudh.

THE THAMIN.

CERVUS (EUCERVUS) ELDI.

Cervus eldii, Guthrie, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. ii, p. 417, 1842.

Panolia eldii, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 202, 1852.

Cervus eldi, Beavan, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 759; Blanford, Fauna

Brit. India, Mamm. p. 541, 1891 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of

India, etc. p. 252, 1907.

Eucervus eldi, Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 17.
Cervus (Eucervus) eldi, Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, p. 195, 1898 ;

Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 77, 1910.
Cervus (Panolia) eldi, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 944.

87.— 12. 10. 31. 7. Skull and antlers. Manipur; col-
lected by Mr. Hume. In this specimen, which stands No. 16
in Mr. Ward's list, the measurements of the antlers are as
follows : length on outside curve 38|, girth 6£, tip to
tip 24, widest inside span 30 j inches. The record length, is
42 inches.

88.— 12. 10. 31. 8. Skull and antlers. Thatone, Burma.

THE SAMBAR.

CERVUS (KusA) UNICOLOR.

Cervus unicolor, Bechstein, Algemein. Ubersicht vierfiiss. Thiere,
vol. i, p. 112, 1799 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm.
p. 543, 1891 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 223,
1907.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 37

Cervus aristotelis, Cuvier, Ossemens Fossiles, ed. 3, vol. iv, p.f503,

1825.
Cervus (Rusa,) unicolor, Hamilton Smith, in Griffith's Animal

Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 108, 1827 ; Lydekker, Deer of All Lands,

p. 144, pi. x, 1898 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 59,

1910.
Rusa unicolor, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 946.

A. — Indian Sambar.
Cervus unieolor unieolor.

FIG. 15. — SKULL AND ANTLERS OF INDIAN SAMBAR (Cervus [Rusa]

unicolor unicolor).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

89.— 12. 10. 31. 9. Skull and antlers (fig. 15). Chand
district, Central Provinces. In this specimen, which stands
Xo. 6 in Mr. Ward's list, the antler-measurements are as
follows : length on outer curve 46 i, girth 6|, tip to tip 24 £,
widest inside span 30 J inches. The record length is 50 J
inches.

B.— Malay Sambar.
Cervus unieolor equinus.

Cervus equinus, Cuvier, Ossemens Fossiles, ed. 3, vol. iv, p. 45, 1825.
Cervus unieolor equinus, Lydvkker, Deer of All Lands, p. 150, pi. xi,

1898, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 232, 1907 ; Ward, Records

of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 63, 1910.

90.— 12. 10. 31. 10. Skull and antlers. Garo Hills ; shot
by Mr. G. P. Sanderson.

THE CHITAL, OR AXIS DEER.

CERVUS (Axis) AXIS.

Cervus axis, Erxleben, Syst. Eegn. Animal, p. 312, 1777 ; Blanford,
Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 546, 1891 ; Lydekker, Game
Animals of India, etc. p. 233, 1907; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 68, 1910.

Cervus (Axis) axis, Hamilton Smith, in Griffith's Animal Kingdom,
vol. iv, p. 117, 1827.

Axis maculata, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 178, 1843.

Cervus (Rusa) axis, *Ly decker, Deer of All Lands, p. 179, 1898.

Axis (Axis) axis, PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 948.

91. - 12. 10. 31. 11. Skull and antlers (fig. 16). Dehra
Dun. The length of the antlers, according to Mr. Hume's
measurement, is 38^ inches on one side and 36| on the other.
The record length is 39 inches.

92.— 12. 10. 31. 12. Skull and antlers. Basim district,
Berar. This specimen is No. 9 in Mr. Ward's list. Length
of antlers 37^, girth 4J, tip to tip 24| inches.

THE PARA, OR HOG-DEER,

CERVUS (HYELAPHUS) PORCINUS.

Cervus porcinus, Zimmermann, Species Zool. Geogr. Quadr. p. 552,
1777 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 549, 1891 ;
LydeTeJcer, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 241, 1907.

Cervus (Axis) porcinus, Hamilton Smith, in Griffith's Animal King-
dom, vol. iv, p. 197, 1827.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME

39

Axis porcinus, Jardine, Nat. Library, Mamm. vol. iii, p. 196, 1835.
Cervus (Hyelaphus) porcinus, Sundevall, K. SvensJca Vet. AJc. Handl.

1844, p. 181, 1846 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 70,

1910.

Hyelaphus porcinus, Gray, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 67, 1847.
Cervus (Eusa) porcinus, Lydekker, Deer of All Lands, p. 175, 1898.
Axis (Hyelaphus) porcinus, PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 950.

FIG. 16. — SKULL AND ANTLERS OF CHITAL (Cervus [Axis'] axis).
From Ward's Records of Big Game.

93.— 12. 10. 31. 13. Frontlet and antlers. Bulundshahr,
Ganges Khadir, Eohilkhand ; collected by Mr. Hume. This
specimen stands No. 14 in Mr. Ward's list ; length of antlers

, girth 3J, tip to tip 9J inches. The Museum possesses

40 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST

a Burmese specimen (No. 1.9.7. 2.), in which the antler-
length is 21 1 inches ; the record length being 23 £ inches.

THE MUNTJAC.

CERVULUS MUNTJAC.

Cervus muntjac, Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 131, 1780.

Muntiacus muntjac, Bafinesque Analyse Nature, p. 56, 1815.

Cervulus muntjac, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Phi-lorn-. 1816, p. 77 ; Plan-
ford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 532, 1891 ; Lydekker, Deer
of All Lands, p. 203, 1898, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 257,
1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 80, 1910 ; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 952.

94.— 12. 10. 31. 14. Skull and antlers. Berar. In this
specimen, which stands No. 13 in Mr. Ward's list, the antlers
measure 6J inches in length by 3 in girth, with a tip-to-tip
interval of 3| inches; the record length is 10-f inches.

THE KASTURA, OR MUSK-DEER.

MOSCHUS MOSCHIFERUS.

Moschus moschiferus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i, p. 91, 1766 ;
Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 552, 1891 ; Lydekker,
Deer of All Lands, p. 311, 1898, Game Animals of India, etc.
p. 266, 1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 114, 1910 ;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 937.

95.— 12. 10. 31. 97. Skull. Garhwal. In this specimen
— No. 7 in Mr. Ward's list — the length of the exposed portion
of the tusk is 3 inches; the maximum recorded length is
4 inches.

96.— 12. 10. 31. 98. Skull. Himalaya.

OF INDIAN BIG GAME 41

FAMILY RHINOCEROimffi.

THE GREAT INDIAN RHINOCEROS.

EHINOCEROS UNICORNIS.

Bhinoceros unicornis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i. p. 56, 1758,
ed. 12, vol. i, p. 104, 1766 ; Stanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm.
p. 472, 1891 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 26,
1907, Supplement, p. 2, 1911.

It may be well to mention that Blanford believed the
range of this species to be mainly, if not entirely, restricted
to the area east of the Tista Eiver. It has, however, been
pointed out in the Supplement to Game Animals of India
that the species is common in parts of the Nepal Terai,
where it seems to be more abundant than in Kuch-Behar
and Assam.

97.— 12. .10. 31. 105. Mounted head. Locality unknown,
but probably Assam. The horn is quite small.

AEBICAN SPECIMENS

In addition to the foregoing Asiatic specimens, which
constitute its main value and interest, Mr. Hume's bequest
included the following horns of Somali antelopes, such as are
commonly offered for sale to homeward-bound passengers at
Aden. These specimens are referable to the following three
species : —

THE AOUL, OR SOMMERRING'S GAZELLE.

GAZELLA SOEMMERRINGI.

98-99.— 12. 10. 31. 103-4. Two pairs of horns, on the
frontlets. Somaliland.

42 CATALOGUE OF THE HUME BEQUEST OF INDIAN BIG GAME

THE GERENUK.

LlTHOCKANIUS WALLERI.

100-101.— 12. 10. 31. 101-2. Two pairs of horns, on the
frontlets. Somaliland.

THE BEISA.

OEYX BEISA.

102-105.— 12. 10. 31. 90-93. Four pairs of horns, on
the frontlets. Somaliland.

INDEX

aegagrus, Capra, 12
affinis, Cervus wallichi, 32
ammon hodgsoni, Ovis, 6
ammon humei, Ovis, 6
ammon, Ovis, 5
ammon poli, Ovis, 8
Antelope, Indian, 28
Antelope, Tibetan, 28
Antilope bezoartica, 28
Antilope bubalina, 23
Antilope cervicapra, 28
Antilope picta, 27
Antilope thar, 23
Aoul, 41
Argali, 5

Argali, Kashgarian, 6
Argali, Pamir, 8
Argali, Tibetan, 6
Arna, 4

(Axis) axis, Cervus, 38
axis, Cervus (Axis), 38
Axis, Deer, 38

Barasingh, 36
bedfordi, Urotragus, 26
bennetti, Gazella, 30
bezoartica, Antilope, 28
bezoartica, Cervicapra, 28
Beisa, 42
beisa, Oryx, 42
Bharal, 11

(Bibos) frontalis, Bos, 2
(Bibos) gaurus, Bos, 1
Blackbuck, 28
blanfordi, Ovis vignei, 10
blythi, Capra hircus, 12
Bos (Bibos) frontalis, 2
Bos (Bibos) gaurus, 1
Bos bubalis bubalis, 4
Bos bubalis fulvus, 5
Bos (Bubalus) bubalis, 4
Bos (Poephagus) grunniens, 3
Boselaphus tragocamelus, 27
bubalina, Antilope, 23
bubalinus, Capricornis sumatren-
sis, 23

bubalis, Bos bubalis, 4
bubalis, Bos (Bubalus), 4
bubalis fulvus, Bos, 5
(Bubalus) bubalis, Bos, 4
Budorcas taxicola, 22
Budorcas taxicolor, 22
Buffalo, Assam Dun, 5
Buffalo, Indian, 4
burrhel, Ovis, 11

Capra aegagrus, 12
Capra falconeri, 14
Capra falconeri subsp., 17
Capra falconeri cashmiriensis, 16
Capra falconeri falconeri, 15
Capra falconeri jerdoni, 20
Capra falconeri megaceros, 18
Capra hircus blythi, 12
Capra jemlahica, 21
Capra jemlanica, 21
Capra jharal, 21
Capra quadrimammis, 21
Capra sakin, 13
Capra sibirica, 13
Capra sibrica filippii, 14
Capra sibirica sacin, 13
Capra sibirica sakeen, 13
Capricornis sumatrensis, 23
Capricornis sumatrensis buba-
linus, 23

Capricornis sumatrensis humei, 24
Capricornis sumatrensis milne-

edwardsi, 25
Capricornis sumatrensis rubidus,

Capricornis thar, 23
cashmirianus, Cervus, 33
cashmiriensis, Capra falconeri, 16
cervicapra, Antilope, 28
Cervicapra bezoartica, 28
Cervulus muntjac, 40
Cervus (Axis) axis, 38
Cervus cashmirianus, 33
Cervus hanglu, 33
Cervus (Hyelaphus) porcinus, 38
Cervus (Kucervus) duvauceli, 36

44

INDEX

Cervus (Rucervus) eldi, 36
Cervus (Rusa) unicolor, 36
Cervus unicolor equirms, 38
Cervus unicolor unicolor, 37
Cervus wallichi, 32
Cervus wallichi affinis, 32
Cervus yarkandensis, 34
Chinkara, 30
Chiru, 28
Chital, 38
Chousingha, 27
cycloceros, Ovis vignei, 10

duvauceli, Cervus (Rucervus), 36

eldi, Cervus (Rucervus), 36
equinus, Cervus unicolor, 38

falconeri, Capra, 14
falconeri, subsp., Capra, 17
falconeri, Capra falconeri, 15
falconeri cashmiriensis, Capra, 16
falconeri falconeri, Capra, 15
falconeri jerdoni, Capra, 20
falconeri megaceros, Capra, 18
filippii, Capra sibirica, 14
Four-horned Antelope, 27
frontali s, Bos (Bibos), 2
fulvus, Bos bubalis, 5

Gaur, 1

gaurus, Bos (Bibos), 1

Gayal, 2

Gazella bennetti, 30

Gazella picticaudata, 30

Gazella soemmerringi, 41

Gazella subgutturosa, 31

Gazella yarkandensis, 31

Gazelle, Goitred, 31

Gazelle, Indian, 30

Gazelle, Persian, 31

Gazelle, Sommerring's, 41

Gazelle, Tibetan, 30

Gazelle, Yarkand, 31

Gerenuk, 42

Goa, 30

Goat, Sind Wild, 12

Goral, 26

goral, Nemorhsedus, 26

grunniens, Bos (Poephagus), 3

hanglu, Cervus, 33
Hangul, The, 33
Hemitragus hylocrius, 22
Hemitragus jemlaicus, 21

Hemitragus quadrimamrnis, 21
hircus blythi, Capra, 12
hodgsoni, Ovis ammon, 6
hodgsoni, Pantholops, 28
Hog-Deer, 38
humei, Capricornis sumatrensisr

24

humei, Ovis ammon, 6
(Hyelaphus) porcinus, Cervus, 38
hylocrius, Hemitragus, 22

Ibex, Asiatic, 13
Ibex, Kashmir, 13
Ibex, Lahul, 14
Ibex sakin, 13

jemlahica, Capra, 21
jemlaicus, Hemitragus, 21
jemlanica, Capra, 21
jerdoni, Capra falconeri, 20
jharal, Capra, 21

karelini, Ovis, 6
Kastura, 40

Lithocranius walleri, 42

Markhor, 14
Markhor, Astor, 15
Markhor, Cabul, 18
Markhor, Gilgit, 17
Markhor, Hazara, 17
Markhor, Pir-Panjal, 16
Markhor, Suleman, 20
megaceros, Capra falconeri, 18
milne-edwardsi, Capricornis su-

matrensis, 25
moschiferus, Moschus, 40
Moschus moschiferus, 40
Muntjac, The, 40
muntjac, Cervulus, 40
Musk-Deer, 40

nahoor, Pseudois, 11
nahura, Ovis, 11
nahura, Pseudois, 11
nayaur, Ovis, 11
nayaur, Pseudois, 11
Nemorhsedus goral, 26
Nilgai, 27

Oryx beisa, 42

Ovis ammon, 5

Ovis ammon hodgsoni, 6

Ovis ammon humei, 6

INDEX

Ovis ammon poli, 8

Ovis burrhel, 11

Ovis nahura, 11

Ovis nayaur, 11

Ovis poli, 8

Ovis vignei, 9

Ovis vignei blanfordi, 10

Ovis vignei cycloceros, 10

Ovis vignei punjabiensis, 10

Ovis vignei vignei, 9

Pantholops hodgsoni, 28

Para, 38

picta, Antilope, 27

picticaudata, Gazella, 30

(Poephagus) grunniens, Bos, 3

poli, Ovis, 6'

poli, Ovis ammon, 8

porcinus, Cervus (Hyelaphus), 38

Pseudois nahoor, 11

Pseudois nahura, 11

Pseudois nayaur, 11

punjabiensis, Ovis vignei, 10

quadricornis, Tetraceros,' 27
quadrimammis, Capra, 21
quadrimammis, Hemitragus, 21

Rhinoceros, Great Indian, 41
Rhinoceros unicornis, 41
rubidus, Capricornis sumatrensis,

25

(Rucervus) duvauceli, Cervus, 36
{Rucervus) eldi, Cervus, 36
(Rusa) unicolor, Cervus, 36

sacin, Capra sibirica, 13

Saikik, 31

sakeen, Capra sibirica, 13

sakin, Capra, 13

sakin, Ibex, 13

Sambar, 36

Sambar, Indian, 37

Sambar, Malay, 38

Sarao, 23

Serow, 23

Serow, Arakan, 25

Serow, Himalayan, 23

Serow, Kashmir, 24

Serow, Nepal, 23

Serow, Sze-chuan, 25

Sha, 9

Sheep, Blue, 11

Shou, 32

Shou, Sikhim, 32

Shou, True, 32
sibirica, Capra, 13
sibirica filippii, Capra, 14
sibirica sakeen, Capra, 13
soemmerringi, Gazella, 41
Stag, Yarkand, 33
subgutturosa, Gazella, 31
sumatrensis bubalinus, Capri-
cornis, 23

sumatrensis, Capricornis, 23
sumatrensis humii, Capricornis,

24

sumatrensis milne-edwardsi, Cap-
ricornis, 25
sumatrensis rubidus, Capricornis,

25
Swamp-Deer, 36

Tahr, 21

Tahr, Nilgiri, 22

Takin, 22

taxicola, Budorcas, 22

taxicolor, Budorcas, 22

Tetraceros quadricornis, 27

Thamin, 36

thar, Antilope, 23

thar, Capricornis, 23

thar, Capricornis sumatrensis, 23

tragocamelus, Boselaphus, 27

unicolor, Cervus unicolor, 37

unicolor, Cervus (Rusa), 36

unicolor equinus, Cervus, 38

unicornis, Rhinoceros, 41

Urial, 9

Urial, Afghan, 10

Urial, Astor, 9

Urial, Ladak, 9

Urial, Punjab, 10

Urotragus bedfordi, 26

vignei blanfordi, Ovis, 10
vignei cycloceros, Ovis, 10
vignei, Ovis, 9

vignei, uvis, y
vignei, Ovis vignei, 9
vignei punjabiensis, Ovis,

walleri, Lithocranius, 42
wallichi affinis, Cervus, 32
wallichi, Cervus, 32
Wild Goat, Sind, 12

Yak, 3

yarkandensis, Cervus, 34

yarkandensis, Gazella, 31

10

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