.
;'Wr m
eO-/ -iir
CATALOGUE
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS,
CHIEFLY IN THE MUSEUM OF THE
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
SPENCER F. BAIRD,
ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
WASHINGTON :
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
OCTOBER, 1858.
ydM ‘ '•»
m\ » m
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF GENERA OF BIRDS.
(the numbers are those of the first species mentioned in the catalogue.)
A.
Accipiter, 15
Actiturus, 545
Actodromus, 531
Adamastor, 651
Aegialeus, 507
Aegialitis, 504
Aegiothus, 320
Aestrelata, 638
Agelaius, 401
Aix, 587
Aloa, 710
Aminodromus, 341
Ampelis, 232
Anortliura, 273
Anous, 696
Anser, 563
Anthus, 165
Antrostomus, 111
Aphriza, 511
Apobapton, 732
Aquila, 39
Aramus, 480
Ardea, 487
Ardetta, 491
Archibuteo, 30
Ardenna, 647
Arquatella, 528
Astragalinus, 313
Astur, 14
Asturina, 33
Athene, 58
Atthis, 105
Audubonia, 489
Aytliya, 591
B.
Basilenterus,
Batlimidurus, 121
Bernicla, 567
Blasipus, 663
Bonasa, 465
Botaurus, 492
Brachyotus, 52
Brachyrhamplius, 732
Bubo, 48
Bucephala, 593
Buteo, 18
Butorides, 493
C.
Calamospiza, 377
Calidris, 534
Callipepla, 476
Campephilus, 72
Camptolsemus, 600
Campylorhynchus, -262
Cardellina, 216
Cardinalis, 390
Carpodacus, 305
Cataractes, 729
Cathartes, 1
Catherpes, 263
Centrocercus, 462
Centronyx, 331
Centrophanes, 326
Centurus, 91
Cerorliina, 717
Certhia, 275
Certhiola, 301
Ceryle, 117
Chaetura, 109
Chamaea, 274
Cliamaepelia, 453
Charadrius, 503
Chaulelasmus, 584
Chen, 563
Chenalopex, 710
Chloephaga, 573
Chloroceryle, 118
Chondestes, 344
Chordeiles, 114
Chroicocephalus, 667
Chrysomitris, 310
Ciceronia, 722
Circus, 38
Cistothorus, 268
Coccygus, 69
Colaptes, 99
Collyrio, 236
Columba, 445
Colymbus, 698
Contopus, 137
Conurus, 63
Corvus, 423
Coturnicops, 557
Coturniculus, 338
Cotyle, 229
Craxirex, 46
Creagrus, 679
Creciscus, 556
Crex, 558
Crotophaga, 66
Cupidonia, 464
Curvirostra, 318
Cyanocitta, 457
Cyanospiza, 383
Cyanura, 434
Cygnus, 561
Cyrtonyx, 477
Cyrtopelicanus, 615
D.
Dafila, 578
Daption, 639
Demiegretta, 482
Dendrocygna, 574
Dendroica, 189
Diomedea, 630
Dolichonyx, 399
Dysporus, 399
E.
Ectopistes, 448
Elanus, 35
Embernagra, 373
Empidonax, 140
Eremopliila, 302
Ereunetes, 535
Erismatura, 609
Erolia, 529
Euphonia, 224
Euspiza, 378
P.
Falcinellus, 500
Falco, 5
Florida, 490
Fratercula, 713
Fregetta, 646
Fulica, . 559
Fulix, 588
Fulmarus, 635
G.
Gallinago, 523
Gallinula, 560
Gambetta, 539
Garzetta, 485
Gennaia, 10
Geococcyx, 68
Geothlypis, 170
Glaucidium, 60
Glottis, 538
Goniaphea, 380
Graculus, 620
Grus, 478
Guiraca, 380
Gymnokitta, 431
H.
Haematopus, 512
Haliaetus, 40
Harelda, 597
Harporhynclius, 256
Helmintliophaga, 180
Helmitherus, 178
Helospiza, 368
Herodias, 486
Hesperiphona, 303
Heteroscelus, 543
Hierofalco, 11
Himantopus, 518
Hirundo, 225
Histrionicus, 596
Hydrobata, 164
Hydrochelidon, 695
Hylotomus, 90
Hypotriorchis, 7
I.
Ibis, 498
Icteria, 176
Icterus, 408
Ictinia, 36
Ixoreus, 156
j.
Junco, 350
L.
Lagopus, 467
Lampornis, 100
Lampronetta, 599
Laniivireo, 248
Larus, 656
Leucoblepharon, 567
Leucopareia, 572
Leucopolius, 509
Leucopternis, 21
Leucosticte, 322
Limosa, 548
Lobipes, 520
Lophodytes, 613
Lophoplianes, 285
Lopbortyx, 474
Lunda, 712
M.
Macrorliamphus, 524
Mareca, 585
Melanerpes, 94
Melanetta, 601
Meleagris, 457
Melopelia, 450
Melospiza, 363
Mergellus, 614
Mergulus, 738
Mergus, 611
Micropalama, 536
Milvulus, 122
Mimus, 253
Mniotilta, 167
Molotlirus, 400
Momotus, 119
Mormon, 712
Myiadestes, 235
Myiarclius, 130
Myiodioctes, 211
N.
Nauclerus, 34
Nectris, 648
Neocorys, 166
Nephoecetes, 108
Nettion, 579
Numenius, 549
Nyctale, 55
Nyctiardea, 495
Nyctea, 61
Nyctherodius, 496
Nyctidromus, 116o
O.
Oceanites, 644
Oceanodroma, 640
Ochtliodromus, 506
Oidemia, 604
Olor, 561
Ombria, 725
Onocrotalus, 616
Oporoinis, 174
Oreopeleia, 454
Oreortyx, 473
Oreoscoptes, 255
Ortalida, 456
Ortyx, 471
Ossifragus, 634
Otus, 51
Oxyechus, 504
P.
Pachyrhamplius, 120
Pagopliila, 676
Pandion, 44
Panyptila, 107
Parula, 168
Paroides, 300
Parus, 289
Passerculus, 332
Passerella, 374
Patagioenas, 447
Pedioecjetes, 463
Pelioanus, 615
Pelionetta, 602
Perisoreus, 443
Peucaea, 370
Phalacrocorax, 620
Phaeopus, 550
Phaeton, 629
Phalaropus, 519
Phaleris, 719
Phainopepla, 234
Philomachus, 544
Philohela, 522
Phoebastria, 631
Plioebetria, 633
Plioenicopterus, 502
Phrenopicus, 80
Pica, 432
Picicorvus, 430
Picoides, 82
Picus, 74
Pinicola, 304
Pipilo, 391
Planesticus, 155
Plectroplianes, 325
Plotus, 628
Podiceps, 702
Podylimbus, 709
Poecilopternis, 23
Polioptila, 289
Polyborus, 45
Polysticta, 598
Pooecetes, 337
Poospiza, 355
Porphyrula, 561
Porzana, 555
Procellaria, 634
Progne, 231
Protonotaria, 169
Psaltriparus, 297
Psilorliinus, 444
Pfcychorliamphus, 724
Puffin us, 647
Pyranga, 220
Pyrrhuloxia, 389
Pyrocephalus, 147
Q.
Querquedula, 581
Quiscalus, 419
R.
Rallus, 552
Recurvirostra, 517
Regulus, 161
Rhodostethia, 678
Rhyacophilus, 541
Rhynchophanes, 330
Rhynchops, 697
Rhyncliopsitta, 64
Rissa, 672
Rosthramus, 37
S.
Sagmatorhina, 716
Salpinctes, 264
Saxicola, 157
Sayornis, 134
Scardafella, 452
Schoeniclus, 530
Seolecopliagus, 417
Scops, 49
Seihrus, 186
SeVasphorus, 103
Setjophaga, 217
Siatlia, 158
Simorliynchus, 719
Siljta, 277
Somateria, 606
SpaVula; 583
Spermophila, 388
Sphyropicus, 85
Spizella, 357
Squatarola, 510
Starnoenas, 455
Steganopus, 519
Stercorarius, 652
Sterna, 681
Strepsilas, 515
Strix, 47
Sturnella, 406
Sula, 617
Surnia, 62
Symphemia, 537
Synthliborliamphus, 736
Syrnium, 53
T.
Tacliypetes, 619
Tacliytriorchis, 29
Tantalus, 497
Telmatodytes, 268
Tetrao, 459
Thalassarche, 632
Thalassidroma, 640
Thalassoica, 637
Tliriothorus, 265
Tinnunculus, 13
Trichopicus, 74
Tringa, 526
Tringoides, 543
Trochilus, 101
Troglodytes, 270
Trogon, 65
Trupialis, 405
Tryngites, 546
Turdus, 148
Tylorhamphus, 720
Tyrannus, 124
TJ.
Uria, 726
Urile, 626
Utamania, 7H
V.
Yireo, 244
Vireosylva, 240
X.
Xanthocephalus, 404
Xantlioura, 442
Xema, 680
Xenopicus, 81
Z.
Zenaida, 449
Zenaidura/ 451
Zonotrichia, 345
I. TABLE OF THE HIGHER GROUPS
Order I. RAPTORE8. (Page 3.)
Family.'
Sub-family.
Section.
Genus.
1
Sub-genus.
Species examined and
identified.
1 Species not examined nor
identified.
1 Extra limital species.
Current number of first
| species mentioned. 1
1. Vulturidae
4
Cathartinae
1. fJat.hartes?, Ill
3
]
L 1
2. Falconidae
7
7
Falco 4 .
7
2
5
’
7
Gennaia
12
10
13
2
11
Tinnilnpiilna
13
j
13
Accipilrinae ....
15
3. Astur, Lac
15
14
16
3
15
Buteoninae
19
<; r,„p! n,’„
19
Ri.tpn
19
3
18
T.Allnnntprnia
23
2
21
Pnppilppfprnip
25
6
23
Tachytriorchis
31
1
29
32
3
30
7. Asturina, Vieill
33
Milvinae
36
8. Nauclerus, Vi^r. ....
36
\
34
9. FJnnns, Slav . ,
1
35
10. Ictinia, Vieill
37
36
11. Rostrhamus, Less..
38
1
37
12. Circus, Lacep^^*^.
38
1
41
41
1
39
14 Haliaetus Sav
42
40
15. Pandion, Sav
44
1
44
Polvbonn e
16. Polyborus, Vieill . ..
45
1
45
17. Craxirex,’ Gould....
46
46
3. Strigidae
47
47
47
\
47
Buboninae
48
19. Bubo, Cuv
49
1
48
20. Scnps, Sav
2
49
21. Otus, Cuv
53
54
1
52
55
23 Syrnium^Sav"0111^' '
55
2
53
24. Nyctale, Brehm ....
57
3
Athoninno
59
59
2
58
26. Glaucidium, Boie...
61
60
63
27. Nycf.ea, Steph ......
x
61
28. Surnia, Dum
64
62
b 3*
XVIII
TABLE OF THE HIGHER GROUPS.
Order'll. SCANSORES. (Page 65.)
Order III. INSESSORES. (Page 126.)
Sub-order A. STRISORES. (Page 128.)
Sub-order B. CLAMATORES. (Page 156.)
TABLE OF TIIE HIGHER GROUPS.
XIX
Sub-order C. OSCINES.
148
155
156
157
158
161
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
174
176
178
180
186
189
211
216
217
220
224
225
229
231
232
234
235
236
240
244
218
253
255
256
259
262
263
264
265
268
269
270
273
274
275
277
282
285
297
300
TABLE OF THE HIGHER GROUPS.
Sub-order C. OSCINES— Continued.
TABLE OF THE HIGHER GROUPS.
XXI
Order IV. RASORES. (Page 593.)
Sub-Order A. COLUMBAE. (Page 595.)
Family.
(S
595
Sub-family.
Section.
Genus.
596
599
601
602
603
605
606
607
608
Sub-genus.
Ph
|
2
1
1
1
1
; | Species not examined nor
: identified.
; 1 Extra limital species.
! a
||
445
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
596
600
159. Columba, L.... ...
596
596
600
160. Ectopistes, Sw
Patagioenas, Reich.. .
162. Melopelia, Bon....
163. Zenaidura, Bon.. ..
164. Scardafella, Bon...
165. Chamaepelia, Sw..
166; Oreopeleia, Reich .
167. Starnoenas, Bon. . .
Sub-Order B.
GALLINAE. (Page 609. )
30. Penelopidae.....
610
168. Ortalida, Merrem. .
610
j
456
31. Phasianidae
613
Meleagrinae
613
169. Meleagris, Linn...
613
2
457
32. Tetraonidae. ...
610
170. TetraOj Linn
3
171. Centrocercus, Sw.
624
462
172. Pedioecetes, Bd...
625
463
173. Cupidonia, Reich..
627
j
464
174. Bonasa, Steph
629
2
175. Lagopus, Vieill
632
3
1
467
6g8
n'rtyjrin.o
638
176. Ortyx, Steph
2
471
177. Oreortyx, Baird . . .
642
1
473
178. Lopbortyx, Bon. ..
643
2
474
179. Callipepla/Wagler..
646
1
476
180. Cyrtonyx, Gould . .
647
1
477
Order V. GRALLATORES. (Page 650.)
Sub-Order A. HERODIONES. (Page 651.)
34. Gruidae
652
181. Grus, Linn
653
3
478
35. Aramidae
657
657
1
480
36. Ardeidae
659
ArHpinnp
659
Ardeae
659
183. Demiegretla, Blyth.
660
3
482
184. Garzetta, Bon.. ....
664
1
485
185. Herodias, Boie....
666
1
486
186. Ardea, Linn
667
2
487
187. Audubonia,' Bp....
670
j
469
188. Florida, Bd
671
1
490
Botaureae
659
189. Ardetta, Gray
672
j
491
190. Botaurus, Steph. . .
674
|
492
Nycticoraceae. ..
660
191. Butorides, Blyth .. .
676
j
493
192. Nyctiardea, S w. . . .
678
j
495
193. Nyctherodius,Reic.
679
1
496
37. Tantalidae . . . . . .
681
Tantalinae
681
194. Tantalus, Linn....
Ibinae
681
195. Ibis, Mochr
682
Th.o
2
498
Falcinellus, Bon
1
500
38. Plataleidae
686
. . *
196. Platalea, L
39. Phoenicopteridae
687
197. Phoenicopterus, L .
687
j
502
XXII
TABLE OF THE HIGHER GROUPS.
Order Y. GRALLATORES— Continued.
Sub-Order B. GRALLAE. (Page 688.)
Tribe 1. LIMICOLAE. (Page 688.)
m./)
11
\A 12
X IT
18
22
X 28
X 51
52
56
X 57
65
66
6 7
J 68
69
TO
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T2
T3 •
vf T4
^ T5
16
TT
T8
T9
t-f 42
43
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45
46
4T
48
49
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94
95 ’
96
9T
Jr 100
101
102
4" 103
104
105
106
10T
X 108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
X 116
lit
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
12T
128
X 129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
X 142
X 143
144
145 "
146
147
148
149
'ShV
151
152
153
154>
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
X 166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
- 175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
T X 188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
X 204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
X 216
217
218
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224
x 225
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229
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236
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250
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278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
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lc! 290
X 291
292
293
294
295
296
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298
299
300
:,x
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X 302
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304
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^"'309^
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312
313
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316
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*X 319
320
321
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750
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758
759
760
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762
763
764
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769
770
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772
773
774
775
776
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778
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784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
\(
TABLE OF THE HIGHER GROUPS.
XXIII
Order VI. NATATOBES. (Page 752.)
Sub-order A. ANSERES. (Page 753.)
Sub-order B. GAYIAE. (Page 818.)
Tribe 1. TOTIPALMI. (Page 819.)
XXIV
TABLE OF THE HIGHER GROUPS.
Tribe 2. LONGIPENNES. (Page 819.)
Tribe 3. BRACHYPTERI. (Page 819.)
II. LIST OE SPECIES.1
Page.
1. Cathartes aura , (Linn.) Illig. Turkey Buzzard. All of North America, except the
Arctic regions 4
2. Cathartes calif or nianus, (Shaw,) Cuvier. California Vulture. Western North America 5
3. Cathartes atratus, (Bartram,) Less. Black Vulture. Southern North America. Central
America to Chile 5
(4.) Cathartes burrovianus, Cassin. Burroughs’ Vulture. Mexico, Vera Cruz, Mazatlan. 6
5. Falco (FalcoJ anatum, Bonaparte. Duck Hawk. North America, east of the Rocky
mountains 7
6. Falco (Falco) nigriceps, Cassin. Western North and South America 8
7. Falco ( Hypotriorchis) columbarius, Linn. Pigeon Hawk. Temperate North America,
Mexico, Central America, Northern South America 9
8. Falco (Hypotriorchis) aurantius , Gmelin. Mexico, South America - ■ 10
9. Falco (Hypotriorchis) femoralis, Temminck. New Mexico, Mexico, South America • • 11
10. Falco ( Gennaia) polyagrus, Cassin. Prairie Falcon. Western North America 12
11. Falco (Hier of alco) candicans, Gmelin. Jer Falcon. Northern North America; Green-
land 13
12. Falco ( Hierofalco ) islandicus, Sabine. Jer Falcon. Northern North America; Green-
land 13
13. Falco ( Tinnunculus) sparverius, Linn. Sparrow Hawk. Entire continent of America • • 13
14. Astur atricapillus, (Wils.) Bonap. Goshawk. North America; chiefly in the north-
western portions 15
15. Accipiter cooperii, Bonap. Cooper’s Hawk. All of temperate North America 16
16. Accipiter mexicanus, Swains. Western N. America 17
17. Accipiter fuscus, (Gmelin,) Bon. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Throughout North America
and Mexico » 18
18. Buteo swainsoni , Bonap. Swainson’s Buzzard. Northern and Western N. America- • 19
19. Buteo bairdii , Hoy. Baird’ s Buzzard. Northern and Western N. America 21
20. Buteo calur us, Cassin. Red-tailed Black Hawk. Western N. America 22
21. Buteo (Leucopternis) insignatus, Cassin. Western N. America 23
22. Buteo (Leucopternis) harlani, (Aud.) Bon. Harlan’s Buzzard. Western N. America- • 24
23. Buteo (Poecilopternis) borealis , (Gmelin,) Vieill. Red-tailed Hawk. Eastern North
America; fur countries ; Cuba, Jamaica 25
24. Buteo (Poecilopternis) montanus, Nuttall. Western red-tailed Hawk. Western N. Ame-
rica. 26
25. Buteo (Poecilopternis) lineatus, (Gmelin,) Jardine. Red-shouldered Hawk. Eastern and
Northern N. America 28
’-When authorities are inclosed in parentheses it shows that the species was first described under a different genus. A
second authority (or a single one uninclosed) is that of the name as adopted. Extra limital species have their current
number similarly inclosed
b4 *
XXYI
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
28
26. Buteo (Poecilopternis) elegans, Cassin. Western North America
27. Buteo (Poecilopternis ) pennsylvanicus, (Wilson,) Bonap. Broad-winged Hawk. Eastern
North America 29
28. Buteo (Poecilopternis) oxypterus , Cassin. New Mexico 30
29. Buteo (Tacky triorchis) cooperi, Cassin. California 31
30. Archibuteo lagopus, (Brunnich,) Gray. Rough-legged Hawk. All of temperate North
America and Europe 32
31. Archibuteo sancti-johannis (Gmelin,) Gray. Black Hawk. Eastern and Northern North
America * 33
32. Archibuteo ferrugineus , (Licht.) Gray. California Squirrel Hawk. Western North
America 34
33. Asturina nitida , (Lath.) Bonap. Northern Mexico and South America 35
34. Nauclerus ,/urcatus, (Linn.) Yigors. Swallow-tailed Hawk. Eastern United States to
the Mississippi, northward to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin; acci-
dental in Europe 36
35. Elanusleucurus, (Vieillot,) Bonap. White-tailed Hawk. Southern and Western States
and South America 37
36. Idiniamississippiensis, (Wilson,) Gray. Mississippi Kite. Southern States, Texas, and
New Mexico 37
37. Bostrhamus sociabilis, (Yieillot,) D’Orbigny. Black Kite. Florida and southward- •• 38
38. Circus hudsonius, (Linn.) Yieillot. Marsh Hawk. All of North America and Cuba- • • 38
39. Aquila canadensis , (Linn.) Cassin. Golden Eagle; Ring-tailed Eagle. All of North
America 41
40. Haliaetus pelagicus, (Pallas,) Siebold. Northern Sea Eagle. Russian American Islands ;
Japan. 42
41. Haliaetus washingtonii, ( Aud.) Jard. Washington Eagle. Kentucky 42
42. Haliaetus albicilla, (Linn.) Cuv. Gray Sea Eagle. Greenland; Europe 43
43. Haliaetus leucoceplialus, (Linn.) Savigny. Bald Eagle. All of temperate North America.
Accidental in Europe * 43
44. Pandion carolinensis, ( Gmelin,) Bon. Fish Hawk. Throughout temperate North Ame-
rica 44
45. Polyborustharus, (Molina,) Cassin. Caracara Eagle. Southern North America, Florida,
Texas, Mexico • — 45
46. Craxirex unicindus , (Temm.) Cassin. Harris’ Buzzard. Southern States, Mexico,
South America 46
47. Strix pratincola, Bonap. Barn Owl. Throughout temperate North America 47
48. Bubo virginianus , (Gmelin,) Bon. Great Horned Owl. The whole of North America.
Runs into varieties, atlanticus , pacificus , ardicus, magellanicus - - • • • 49
49. Scops asio, (Linn.) Bonap. Mottled Owl. The whole of temperate America, Greenland 51
50. Scops m’ccallii , Cassin. Western Mottled Owl. Western and southwestern North
America. 52
51. Otus wdsonianuSy Lesson. Long-Eared Owl. The whole of temperate North America 53
52. Brachyotus cassinii, Brewer. Short-Eared Owl. The whole of temperate North Ame-
rica; Greenland; Cuba 54
&
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LIST OF SPECIES.
XVII
Page.
53. Syrnium cinereum, (Gmelin,) Aud. Great Gray Owl. Northern North America 56
54. Syrnium nebulosum, (Forster,) Gray. Barred Owl. Eastern North America; FortTejon,
Cal. 56
55. Nyctale richardsoni, Bonap. Sparrow Owl. Northern North America; Canada 57
56. Nyctale albifrons, (Shaw,) Cassin. Kirtland’s Owl. Northern North America; Wis-
consin; Canada 57
57. Nyctale acadica, (Gmelin,) Bon. Saw-whet Owl. The whole of temperate North Ame-
rica; Fort Tejon, Cal 58
58. Athene hypugaea, Bonap. Burrowing Owl. From Mississippi river to the Rocky Moun-
tains 59
59. Athene cunicularia , (Molina,) Bon. Burrowing Owl. North America, west of the Rocky
Mountains; South America 60
60. Glaucidium gnoma , (Wagler,) Cassin. Pigmy Owl. Oregon; California; Mexico - - • • • 62
61. Nycteanivea, (Daud.) Gray. Snowy Owl. Northern regions of both continents; Canada;
Greenland; South Carolina; Bermuda 63
62. Surniaulula, (Linn.) Bonap. Hawk Owl. Northern regions of both continents; Canada 64
63. Conurus carolinensis, (Linn.) Kuhl. Parakeet. Southern and southwestern States, as
far west as the Missouri • • • 67
(64.) Bhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, (Sw.) Bon. Thick-billed Parrot. Rio Grande, Texas?? 66
65. Trogon mexicanus, Swainson. Mexican Trogon. Northeastern Mexico to Rio Grande- 69
66. Crotophaga rugirostris, Sw. Black Parrot. Florida to Brazil 71
67. Crotophaga ani , Linn. Ani. Maritime parts of the southeastern United States and
south to Brazil 72
68. Geococcyx calif or nianus, (Less.) Baird. Chaparral Cock. Middle Texas, New Mexico,
and California, to Central Mexico - 73
69. Coccygus americanus , (Linn.) Bonap. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Eastern United States to
the Missouri plains 76
70. Coccygus erytlirophthalmus , (Wils.) Bon. Black-billed Cuckoo. United States to the
Missouri plains 77
71. Coccygus minor , (Gmelin,) Cab. Mangrove Cuckoo. Florida keys to West Indies - • • • 78
72. Campephilus principalis , (Linn.) Gray. Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Southern Atlantic
and Gulf States. - 81
(7 3. ) Campephilus imperialism (Gould, ) Gray. Imperial W oodpecker. Chiefly Central Ame-
rica and southwestern Mexico - 82
74. Picus ( Trichopicus) villosus, Linn. Hairy Woodpecker. Northern and western regions;
var. major , medium, minor 84
75. Picus (Trichopicus) harrisii, Aud. Harris’ Woodpecker. From the Pacific coast to
the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains 87
76. Picus (Trichopicus) pubescens , Linn. Downy Woodpecker. Eastern United States,
• towards the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains 89
77. Picus (Trichopicus) gairdneri, Aud. Gairdner’s Woodpecker. From Pacific coast to
eastern base of Rocky Mountains 91
XXVIII
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
78. Picus (Dyctiopicus) nuttalli, Gambel. Nuttall’s Woodpecker. Coast region of Cali-
fornia 93
79. Picus (Dyctiopicus) scalaris, Wagler. Rocky mountains and its slope, south of 35th
parallel, to Yucatan - • - ■ • 94
80. Picus (Phrenopicus) borealis, Y ieill, Red-cockaded Woodpecker. Southern States • 96
81. Picus (Xenopicus) albolarvatus, (Cass.) Baird. White-headed Woodpecker. Cascade
mountains of Oregon, and southward into California 96
82. Picoides arcticus, (Sw.) Gray. Black-backed three-toed Woodpecker. Northern por-
tions of the United States to the Arctic regions, from the Atlantic
to the Pacific- • • • 98
83. Picoides Mr sutus, ( Vieill.) Gray. Banded three-toed Woodpecker. Arctic regions of
North America 98 ^
84. Picoides dorsalis, Baird. Striped three-toed Woodpecker. Laramie peak, Rocky Moun-
tains 100
85. Sphyrapicus varius, (Linn.) Baird. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Atlantic ocean to the
eastern slopes of Rocky Mountains, Greenland 103
86. Sphyrapicus nuchalis, Baird. Red-throated Woodpecker. Rocky mountains • 103,921
87. Sphyrapicus ruber, (Gm.) Baird. Red-breasted Woodpecker. Pacific slope of the United
States 104
88. Sphyrapicus williamsonii, (Newb.)Baird. Williamson’s Woodpecker. Rocky Mountains
to the Cascade mountains 105
89. Sphyrapicus thyroid, eus, (Cass.) Baird. Brown-headed Woodpecker. Cascade and coast
range of California and Oregon. • 106
90. Hylatomus pileatus, (Linn.) Baird. Black Woodcock. North America, from Atlantic to
Pacific 107
91. Centurus carolinus, (Linn. ) Bon. Red-bellied Woodpecker. North America, from At-
lantic coast to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains 109
92. Centurus flaviventris, Sw. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Rio Grande region of the — -
United States, south into Mexico 110
93. Centurus uropygialis, Baird. Gila Woodpecker. Lower Colorado river of the west- • • HI
94. Melanerpes erythrocephalus, (Linn.) Sw. Red-headed Woodpecker. North America, —
from the Atlantic to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains - • 113
95. Melanerpes formicivorus, (Sw.) Bon. California Woodpecker. Coast region of Califor-
nia, and south; in northern Mexico, eastward almost to the Gulf
of Mexico; also on upper Rio Grande 114
96. Melanerpes torquatus, (Wils.) Bonap. Lewis’ Woodpecker. Western America, from - — -
Black Hills to Pacific 115
97. Colaptes auratus, (Linn.) Sw. Flicker. Eastern North America to the eastern slopes of
the Rocky Mountains; Greenland 118
98. Colaptes mexicanus, Swain. Red-shafted Flicker. Western North America, from the -
Black Hills to Pacific 4?Q
98a. Colaptes hybridus, Baird. Ci’oss between two preceding. Upper Missouri 122
99. ? Colaptes chrysoides, (Malher.) Baird. New Mexico- 425
100. Lampornis mango, (Linn.) Sw. Black-throated Humming Bird. Florida?. 130
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LIST OF SPECIES
XXIX
Page.
101. Trochilus colubris, Linn. Ruby-throated Humming Bird. Eastern North America to
the High Central Plains; south to Brazil 131
102. Trochilus alexandri, Bourc. and Mulsant. Black-chinned Humming Bird. Coast of
California, southward 133
103. Selasphorusrufus, ( Gm.) Sw. Red-backed Humming Bird. West coast of North Ame-
rica, and across from Gulf of California to the Upper Rio Grande
Valley 134
104. Selasphorus platycercus, (Sw.) Gould. Broad-tailed Humming Bird. High lands of
Mexico, through Rocky mountains to Fort Bridger, Utah 135
105. Atthisanna, (Less.) Reich. Anna Humming Bird. Coast region of California 137
106. Atthis costae, (Bourc.) Reich. Southern California and Colorado Basin 138
107. Panyptila melanoleuca, Baird. White-throated Swift. Colorado Basin, New Mexico - • 141
108. Nephoecetes niger, (Gm.) Baird. Northern Swift. Northwestern America (Simiahmoo
bay, W. T.) to West India islands. 142
109. Chaetura pelasgia, (Linn.) Steph. Chimney Swallow. Eastern United States to slopes
of Rocky mountains. • • • 144
110. Chaetura vauxii, ( Towns.) De Kay. Oregon Swift. Pacific coast, from Puget’ s Sound
to California 145
111. Antrostomus carolinensis, (Gm.) Gould. Chuck-will’s Widow. South Atlantic and Gulf
States 147
112. Antrostomus vociferus, (Wils.)Bonap. Whip-poor-will. Eastern United States to the
Plains. • • • • * 148
113. Antrostomus nuttaUi, { Aud.) Cassin. Nuttall’s Whip-poor-will. High Central Plains to
the Pacific coast 149
114. Cliordeiles popetue, (Vieill.) Baird. Night Hawk. North America generally. 151
115. Cliordeiles henryi, Cassin. Western Night Hawk. Rocky mountains; north to Fort
Bridger. Fort Laramie 153, 922
116. Cliordeiles texensis, Lawrence. Texas Night-hawk. Rio Grande valley and south; west
to Gulf of California • ■ • 154
117. Ceryle ( Megaceryle) alcyon, (Linn.)Boie. Belted King-fisher. Entire continent of North
America 158
118. Ceryle ( Chloroceryle) americana, (Gm.) Boie. Texas King-fisher. Rio Grande region
of Texas and southward 159
119. Momotus caeruliceps, Gould. Saw-bill. Mexico to Rio Grande valley 161
120. Pachyrliamphus aglaiae, Lafresnaye. Rose-throated Flycatcher. Mexico to Rio Grande 64
121. Bathmidurus major, Cab. Northeastern Mexico to Rio Grande? 166
122. Milvulustyrannus, (Linn.) Bon. Fork-tailed Fly-catcher. South America to Vera Cruz;
accidental in the United States 168
123. Milvulusforficatus, (Gm.) Sw. Scissor-tail. Central Texas to Mexico 169
124. Tyrannus carolinensis, (Linn.) Baird. King Bird. Eastern North America to Rocky
mountains 171
125. Tyrannus dominicensis, (Briss.) Rich. Grey King Bird. South Carolina coast, acci-
dental ; Florida Keys and West Indies . 172
XXX
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
126. Tyrannus verticalis, Say. Arkansas Flycatcher. Western North America, from the
High Central Plains to the Pacific 173
127. Tyrannus vociferans, Sw. Cassin’s Flycatcher. Yalley of Gila, eastward to Pecos
river, Texas; and from South Pass into Mexico, on table-lands - • • 174
128. Tyrannus couchii, Baird. Couch’s Flycatcher. Northeastern Mexico to Rio Grande • • 175
(129.) Tyrannus melancholicus, Vieill. Southern Mexico, Central and South America - • • • 176
130. Myiarchus crinitus, (Linn.) Cab. Great Crested Flycatcher. Eastern North America
to the Missouri and south to eastern Texas 178
131. Myiarchus mexicanus, (Kaup,) Baird. Ash-throated Flycatcher. Coast of California
and across by Yalley of Gila and Rio Grande to northeastern
Mexico 179
(132.) Myiarchus cooperi, (Kaup,) Baird. Mexico 180
133. Myiarchus lawrencii, (Giraud,) Baird. Lawrence’s Flycatcher. Northeastern Mexico
to the Rio Grande 181
134. Sayornis nigricans , (Sw.) Bon. Black Flycatcher. California coast and across by
Valley of Gila and upper Rio Grande to New Leon, and south - • 183
135. Sayornis fuscus, (Gm.) Baird. Pewee. Eastern North America • 184
136. Sayornis sayus, (Bon.) Baird. Say’s Flycatcher. Upper Missouri river and Central
High Plains westward to the Pacific and south to Mexico 185
137. Contopus borealis, (Swainson,) Baird. Olive-sided Flycatcher. Rare on the Atlantic
and Pacific coasts of the United States; Fort Bridger. Found in
Greenland 188
138. Contojous richardsonii, (Sw.) Baird. Short-legged Pewee. High central dry plains to
the Pacific ; Rio Grande valley southward to Mexico ; Labrador 189
139. Contopus virens, (Linn.) Cab. Wood Pewee. Eastern North America to the borders
of the High Central Plains; south to New Granada 190
140. Empidonax traillii, (Aud.) Baird. Traill’s Flycatcher. Eastern United States, and
south to Mexico 193
141. Empidonax pusillus, (Sw.) Cab. High Central Plains to the Pacific; Fur countries ;
southward into Mexico 194
142. Empidonax minimus, Baird. Least Flycatcher. Eastern United States to Fort Brid-
ger 195
143. Empidonax acadicus, (Gm.) Baird. Small Green-crested Flycatcher. Eastern United
States to the Mississippi 197
144. Empidonax Jlaviventris , Baird. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Eastern United States
generally ; perhaps replaced on the Pacific by a closely allied
species, E. difficilis 198
145. Empidonax hammondii, (deVesey,) Baird. Vicinity of Fort Tejon to Los Angeles, Cal. 199
146. Empidonax obscur us, (Sw.) Baird. Rocky mountains to Fort Bridger, Utah; Fort
Yuma • • • 200
147. Pyrocephalus rubineus, (Bodd.) Gray. Red Flycatcher. Valleys of Rio Grande and
Gila, southward * • • • 201
148. Turdus (Turdus) mustelinus, Gm. Wood Thrush. Eastern United States to Missouri
river ; south to Guatemala 212
— —
LIST OF SPECIES.
XXXI
Page.
149. Turdus ( Turdus) pallasi, Cab. Hermit Thrush. Eastern North America to the Mis-
sissippi river 212
var. silens, Swainson. High lands of Mexico to Fort Bridger 213
150. Turdus (Turdus) nanus, Aud. Dwarf Thrush. Pacific coast of North America to
Rocky mountains 213
151. Turdus (Turdus) fuscescens, Stephens. Wilson’s Thrush. Eastern North America
to the Missouri ; north to fur countries 214
152. Turdus (Turdus) ustulatus, Nuttall. Coast region of Oregon and Washington Ter-
ritories 215
153. Turdus (Turdus) swainsonii, Cab. Olive-backed Thrush. Eastern North America to
Fort Bridger ; south to Mexico and Peru; north to Greenland ;
accidental in Europe and Siberia 216
154. Turdus (Turdus) aliciae , Baird. Gray-cheeked Thrush. Mississippi region to the
Missouri 217
155. Turdus (Planesticus) migratorius, Linn. Robin. Continent of North America to
Mexico 218
156. Turdus (Ixoreus) naevius, Bon. Varied Thrush. Pacific coast of North America;
accidental on Long Island and near Boston 219
(157.) Saxicola oenanthe, (Linn.) Bechst. Stone Chat. Greenland; accidental in northern
part of North America ; common in Europe 220
158. Sialia sialis, (Linn.) Baird. Blue Bird. Eastern North America to west of Missouri
river ; Fort Laramie • • 222
159. Sialia mexicana, Sw. Western Blue Bird. Pacific coast of North America, and along
Valley of Gila to upper Rio Grande, and south 223
160. Sialia arctica, Sw. Rocky mountain Blue Bird. Upper Missouri to Rocky mountains
range, and south to Mexico; rare on the coast of California • • • • 224
161. Regulus calendula, (Linn.) Licht. Ruby-crowned Wren. United States, from Atlantic
to Pacific. 226
162. Regulus satrapa, Licht. Golden-crested Wren. Northern parts of United States;
from Atlantic to Pacific; on west coast only noticed on Puget’s
Sound 227
163. Regulus cuvieri, Aud. Cuvier’s Golden Crest. Pennsylvania 228
164. Hydrobata mexicana, (Bon.) Baird. Water Ouzel. Rocky mountains and west from
British America to Mexico. Fort Tejon 229
165. Antlius ludovicianus , (Gm.) Licht. Tit-lark. North America generally; Greenland;
accidental in Europe 232
166. Neocorys spragueii, (Aud.) Sclater. Missouri Skylark. About Fort Union, Nebraska- • 234
167. Mniotilta varia, (Linn.) Vieill. Black and white Creeper. Eastern North America
to Missouri river; south to Guatemala. Var. longirostris, Baird.
Florida 235
168. Parulaamericana, (Linn.) Bonap. Blue yellow-backed Warbler. Eastern North Ame-
rica to Missouri river; south to Guatemala 238
169. Protonotaria citrea, (Bodd.) Baird. Prothonotary Warbler. South Atlantic and Gulf
States to mouth of Ohio north, and the Missouri river west;
West Indies 239
XXXII
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
170. GeotMypis trichas, ( Linn.) Cab. Maryland Yellow-throat. North America from Atlan-
tic to Pacific 241
(171.) GeotMypis velatus, (Vieill.) Cab. Green-headed Warbler. West Indies and South
America 243
172. GeotMypis Philadelphia, (Wils.) Baird. Mourning Warbler. Eastern North America
as far west as Independence, Mo 243
173. GeotMypis macgillivrayi, (Aud.) Baird. Macgillivray’ s Warbler. Pacific coast of North
America, south to Gulf of California, and across to Monterey,
Mexico. In Rocky mountains to Fort Laramie 244
174. Oporornis agilis, (Wils.) Baird. Connecticut Warbler. Eastern United States 246
175. Oporornis formosus , (Wils.) Baird. Kentucky Warbler. Eastern United States as
far west as Fort Riley; south to Guatemala 247
176. Icteria viridis, (Gm.) Bonap. Yellow-breasted Chat. Eastern United States to the
Missouri ; south to Guatemala 248
177. Icteria longicauda, Lawr. Long-tailed Chat. High Central Plains of United States to
the Pacific; south into Mexico 249
178. Helmitherus vermivorus, (Gm.) Bonap. Worm-eating Warbler. Eastern United States
to Missouri river; south to Guatemala - 252
179. Helmitherus swainsonii, (Aud.) Sw. Swainson’s Warbler. South Atlantic States 252
180. Helminthopliaga pinus, (Linn.) Baird. Blue-winged Yellow Warbler. Eastern United
States to the Missouri; south to Guatemala 254
181. Helminthopliaga chrysoptera, (Linn.) Baird. Golden-winged Warbler. Eastern United
States to the Missouri; Bogota 255
182. Helminthopliaga bachmani, (Aud.) Cab. Bachman’s Warbler. South Atlantic States;
Cuba 255
183. Helminthopliaga ruficapilla, (Wils.) Baird. Nashville Warbler. Eastern North America
to the Missouri; Fort Tejon, Cal.; Greenland 256
184. Helminthopliaga celata. (Say,) Baird. Orange-crowned Warbler. Mississippi river to
the Pacific; south to northern Mexico • • • 257
185. Helminthopliaga peregrina, (Wils.) Cab. Tennessee Warbler. Eastern United States
to the Missouri 258
186. Seiurus aurocapillus, (Linn.) Sw. Golden-crowned Thrush. Eastern North America
to the Missouri 260
187. Seiurus noveboracensis , (Gm.) Nutt. Water Thrush. Eastern United States to the
Missouri, and south to Guatemala, perhaps to Brazil 261
188. Seiurus ludovicianus,- (Vieill.) Bon. Large-billed Water Thrush. Eastern United
States to the Missouri ; south to Mexico. 262
189. Dendroica virens , (Gm.) Baird. Black-throated Green Warbler. Eastern United
States to the Missouri ; south to Guatemala ; Greenland 267
190. Dendroica occidentals, (Towns.) Baird. Western Warbler. Pacific coast 268
191. Dendroica townsendii , (Nutt.) Baird. Pacific coast, North America, to the Rocky
Mountains ; south to Mexico and Guatemala ...... 269
192. Dendroica nigrescens, (Towns.) Baird. Black-throated Gray Warbler. Pacific coast
United States ; Fort Thorn, New Mexico 270
LIST OP SPECIES.
XXXIII
Page.
193. Dendroica canadensis, (Linn.) Baird. Black-throated Blue Warbler. Eastern United
States to the Missouri ; south to the West Indies 27 1
194. Dendroica coronata, (Linn.) Gray.’ Yellow Rump. Eastern North America to the Mis-
souri plains ; stragglers seen on Puget’s Sound 272
195. Dendroica audubonii , (Towns.) Baird. Audubon’s Warbler. Pacific coast of United
States to Rocky mountains.; south to Mexico 273
196. Dendroica, blackburniae, (Gm.) Baird. Blackburnian Warbler. Eastern North Ame-
rica to the Missouri ; south to Guatemala. 274
197. Dendroica castanea, (Wils.) Baird. Bay Breasted Warbler. Eastern United States to
the Missouri ; south to Guatemala 276
198. Dendroica pinus, (Wils.) Baird. Pine Creeping Warbler. Eastern United States to
the Missouri 277
199. Dendroica montana, (Wils.) Baird. Blue Mountain Warbler. Blue mountains of Vir-
ginia 278
200. Dendroica pennsylvanica, (Linn.) Baird. Chestnut-sided Warbler. Eastern United
States to the Missouri 279
201. Dendroica caerulea, (Wils.) Baird. Blue Warbler. Eastern United States to the Mis.
souri river 280
202. Dendroica striata, (Forster, ) Baird. Black Poll Warbler. Eastern North America to
the Missouri high plains ; Cuba ; Greenland 280
203. Dendroica aestiva , (Gm.) Baird. Yellow Warbler. United States from Atlantic to Pa-
cific ; south to Guatemala and West Indies 282
204. Dendroica maculosa, (Gm.) Baird. Black and Yellow Warbler. Eastern United States
to the Missouri ; south to Guatemala 284
205. Dendroica kirtlandii, Baird. Kirtland’s Warbler. Northern Ohio 286
206. Dendroica tigrina, (Gm.) Baird. Cape May Warbler. Eastern United States to the
Mississippi ; Cuba 286
207. Dendroica carbonata, (Aud.) Baird. Kentucky.- 287
208. Dendroica palmarum, (Gm.) Baird. Yellow Red Poll. Eastern United States to the
Mississippi, and Red river of the ngrth 288
209. Dendroica superciliosa , (Bodd.) Baird. Yellow-throated Warbler. Eastern United
States as far as Pennsylvania and Ohio to the Missouri ; south to
Mexico • 289
210. Dendroica discolor, (Vieill.) Baird. Prairie Warbler. Atlantic States, as far north as
New York 290
211. Myiodiodes mitratus , (Gm..) Aud. Hooded Warbler. Eastern United States to the
Missouri ; south to Guatemala 292
212. Myiodiodes minutus, (Wils.) Baird. Small-headed Flycatcher. Eastern Atlantic States 293
213. Myiodiodes pusillus, (Wils.) Bon. Green Black-cap Flycatcher. United States from
Atlantic to Pacific ; south to Guatemala 293
214. Myiodiodes canadensis, (Linn.) Aud. Canada Flycatcher. Eastern United States to
the Mississippi; south to Guatemala 294
215. Myiodiodes bonapartii, Aud. Bonaparte’s Flycatcher. Louisiana 295
(216.) Cardellina rubra, ( Sw.) Bon. Vermilion Flycatcher. Northern Mexico 296
b 5 *
XXXIV
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
217. Setophaga ruticilld, (Linn.) Sw. Redstart. Eastern United States to Fort Bridger ;
West Indies in winter 297
218. Setophaga picta, Sw. Northern Mexico ; Rio Grande valley 298
(219.) Setophaga miniata, Sw. Northern Mexico (Rio Grande valley) to Guatemala 299
220. Pyranga rubra, (Linn.) Yieill. Scarlet Tanager. Eastern United States to the Mis-
souri river 300
221. Pyranga aestiva, (Linn.) Yieillot. Summer Red Bird. South Atlantic and Gulf States,
through Texas, and south to Guatemala • 301
222. Pyranga hepatica, Sw. Rocky mountains of New Mexico, southward. 302
223. Pyranga ludoviciana, (Wils.) Bon. Louisiana Tanager. From the Black Hills to the
Pacific ; south to Mexico. • 303
(224.) Euphonia elegantissima, (Bon.) Gray. Northern Mexico to Guatemala. Califor-
nia?. 304
225. Hirundo liorreorum , Barton. Barn Swallow. North America from Atlantic to Pacific 308
226. Hirundo luriifrons, Say. Cliff Swallow. North America from Atlantic to Pacific • • • • 309
227. Hirundo tricolor, Yieill. White-bellied Swallow. North America from Atlantic to Pa-
cific • 310
228. Hirundo thalassina, Sw. Yiolet Green Swallow. Rocky mountains to Pacific. South
Mexico ; east to Saltillo, Mexico • •'••• 311
229. Cotyle riparia, (Linn.) Boie. Bank Swallow. North America generally • • 313
230. Cotyle ( Stelgidopteryx) serripennis , (Aud.) Bon. Rough-winged Swallow. United
States from Atlantic to Pacific • • • • * 313
231. Progne purpurea, (Linn.) Boie. Purple Martin. North America generally - • • • • • • • • 314
Progne ? Indian Key, Florida App. 923
232. Ampdis gar'rulus, Linn. Wax Wing. Northern parts of both continents. Seen in
the United States only in severe winters, except along the great
lakes. In the Mississippi valley south to Fort Riley. “ Millions”
seen north of Fort Bridger. 317
233. Anipelis cedrorum, (Yieill.) Baird. Cedar Bird. North America generally ; south to
Guatemala 318
234. Phainopepla nitens, (Swainson,) Sclater. Yalley of Gila and southern Colorado to up-
per Rio Grande; west to Fort Tejon; east to Coahuila, Mexico 320, 923
235. Myiadestes townsendii, (Aud.) Cab. Townsend’ s Flycatcher. United States, from
Rocky Mountains and Black Hills to the Pacific ; south to the
borders of Mexico • • • • 321
236. Collyrio borealis, (Bon.) Baird. Great Northern Shrike. Northern regions, from At-
lantic to Pacific ; in winter south, through most of the United
States • • 324
237. Collyrio ludovicianus, (Linn.) Baird. Loggerhead Shrike. South Atlantic and Gulf
States. • • • • •••••• • • • • • 325
238. Collyrio excubitor aides, (Sw.) Baird. White-rumped Shrike. Missouri plains and fur
countries to Pacific coast; eastward into Wisconsin, Illinois, and
Michigan (?). 327
■
LIST OF SPECIES.
XXXV
Page.
239. CoUyrio degans, (Sw.) White-winged Shrike. Western America- • 328
240. Vireo ( Vireosylva ) olivaceus , (Linn.) YieilL Red-eyed Flycatcher. Eastern United
States to Fort Bridger, Utah ; in Texas to Devil’s river ; south
to Guatemala ; Greenland • • • • • • • • • • • •••••• 321
241. Vireo (Vireosylva) flavoviridis , Cassin. Northern Mexico to Panama - ■ • • • 332
242. Vireo (Vireosylva) virescens, Vieill. Bartram’s Vireo. Central and eastern South
America; Atlantic United States 333
243. Vireo (Vireosylva) altiloquus, (Vieill.) Gray. Whip Tom Kelly. Coast of southern
Florida and the West Indies • ■ 334
244. Vireo philadelphicus, Cassin .Pennsylvania to Wisconsin • • • • ...... 335
245. Vireo gilvus, (Vieill.) Bon. Wai’bling Flycatcher. Atlantic to Pacific coast of United
States ; var. swainsonii ; Columbia river 335
246. Vireo belli, Aud. Bell’s Vireo. Missouri and eastern Texas 337
247. Vireo atricapillus, Woodh. Black-headed Flycatcher. Devil’s river, Texas ....... . 337
248. Vireo ( Lanivireo ) noveborcicensis, (Gm.) Bon. White-eyed Vireo. Eastern United
States to the Missouri and throughout Texas ...... ...... 338
249. Vireo ( Lanivireo ) lmttoni , Cass. Hutton’s Flycatcher. South California, across by
valley of Gila to northeastern Mexico - 339
250. Vireo (Lanivireo) solitar ius, (Wils.) Vieill. Blue-headed Flycatcher. United States
from Atlantic to the Pacific 340
251. Vireo (Lanivireo) eassinii, De Vesey. Cassin’s Vireo. Fort Tejon, California 340
252. Vireo (Lanivireo) flavifrons, Vieill. Yellow-throated Flycatcher. Eastern United
States to Missouri ; south to Central America- 341
253. Mimus poly glottus, (Linn.) Boie. Mocking Bird. Southern United States from Atlan-
tic to High Central Plains. Perhaps replaced by another species
to the Pacific. ( M. caudatus ) 344
254. Mimus carolinensis, (Linn.) Gray. Cat Bird. Eastern United States to Fort Brid*
ger ...... 346
255. Oreoscoptes montanus, (Towns.) Baird. Mountain Mocking Bird. Rocky mountains
from Fort Bridger south to Mexico;, along valley of Gila and
Colorado; San Diego, California 347
256. Harporhynchus redivivus, (Gambel, ) Cab. Coast of California ...... 349
257. Harporhynchus lecontii, (Lawr.) Bonap. Fort Yuma, California 350
258. Harporhynchus crisscdis, Henry. Fort Thorn to Fort Yuma • 351
259. Harporhynchus curvirostris, (Sw.) Cab. Lower Rio Grande ■ 351
259. ? Harporhynchus vetula, (Wagl.) New Mexico- ..... 352
260. Harporhynchus longirostris,\ (Lafres.) Cab. Lower Rio Grande, south through eastern
Mexico. - • 352
261. Harporhynchus ruf 'us, (Linn.) Cab, Brown Thrush. Eastern North America to Mis-
souri river, and perhaps to High Central Plains, unless replaced
by a long-tailed variety, (H longicauda) ■ 353
262. Campylorhynchus bruyneicapiUus, (Lafres.) Gray. Valleys, of Rio Grande and Gila,
southward • • • • • ...... • • .... .... ...... .... .... 355
XXXVI
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
263. Catherpes mexicanus, (Sw.) Baird. White-throated Wren. Valley of Rio Grande, Colo-
rado, and Gila, (but not on the coast of California,) south into
Mexico 356
264. Salpindes obsoletus, (Say,) Cab. Rock Wren. High Central Plains through the Rocky
mountains to the Cascade range, (but not on the Pacific coast?)
Fort Tejon 357
265. Thriothorus ludoviciamis, (Gm.) Bon. Great Carolina Wren. Eastern United States
to the Missouri ; north to Pennsylvania ; in Texas, to upper
Rio Grande 361
266. Thriothorus berlandieri , Couch. Northeastern Mexico, towards the Rio Grande • • • ■ 362'
267. Thriothorus bewickii, (Aud.) Bon. Bewick’s Wren. North America, from Atlantic
to Pacific ; south to Mexico. The western bird possibly distinct,
( T. spilurus ) 363
268. Cistothorus ( Telmatodytes) palustris, (Wils.) Cab. Long-billed Marsh Wren. North
America, from Atlantic to Pacific ; north to Greenland • • • - • • • • 364
269. Cistothorus ( Cistothorus) stellaris, (Licht.) Cab. Short-billed Marsh Wren. Eastern
United States to the Loup Fork of Platte 365
270. Troglodytes aedon , Vieill. House Wren. Eastern United States to the Missouri, or to
the High Central Plains 367
271. Troglodytes parkmanni, Aud. Parkman’s Wren. Western America, from the High
Central Plains and upper Missouri to the Pacific 367
272. Troglodytes americanus, Aud. Wood Wren. Eastern United States 368
273. Troglodytes (Anorthura) hyemalis, (Wils.) Vieill. Winter Wren. North America
generally 369
274. Cliamaea fasciata, Gambel. Coast of California 370
275. Certhia americana, Bonap. American Creeper. Eastern North America 372
276. Certhia mexicana, Gloger. Rocky mountains to Pacific ; Mexico 373
277. Sitta carolinensis, Gm. White-bellied Nuthatch. Eastern North America to the High
Central Plains. West of this replaced by S. aculeata - • 374
278. Sitta aculeata , Cassin. Slender-bill Nuthatch. Pacific coast, and east towards the
Rocky mountains 375
279. Sitta canadensis , Linn. Red-bellied Nuthatch. North America to the Rocky moun-
tains ; probably also to the Pacific 376
280. Sitta pusilla, Latham. Brown-headed Nuthatch. South Atlantic (and Gulf ?) States- 377
281. Sitta pygmaea. Vigors. California Nuthatch. Pacific coast and towards Rocky moun-
tains ; New Mexico 378
282. Polioptila caerulea, (Linn.) Sclat. Blue -Gray Flycatcher. United States, from Atlan-
tic to Missouri, and on the southern border from the Gulf
of Mexico to the coast mountains of California, south to Guate-
mala • 380
283. Polioptila plumbea, Baird. Valley of Colorado and Gila 382
284. Polioptila melanura , Law. Valley of Rio Grande and Gila; west to San Diego - • • • 382
285. Lophophanes bicolor , (Linn.) Bon. Tufted Titmouse. Eastern North America to the
the Missouri river, or else replaced there by a L. missuriensis • • 384
LIST OF SPECIES.
XXXVII
Page.
286. Lophophanes atricr (status, Cassin. Black-crested Tit. Valley of Rio Grande and
south 385
287. Lopliophanes inornatus, (Gamb.) Cassin. Coast of California and southern Rocky
mountains 386
288. Loplioplianes wollweberi , Bon. Southern Rocky mountains, and south into Mexico,
on the table-lands 386
289. Parus septentrionalis, Harris. Long-tailed Chickadee. Missouri river to the Rocky
mountains, or else replaced there by P. albescens 389
290. Parus atricapillus, Linn. Black-cap Titmouse. Eastern North America, along the
Atlantic border 390
291. Parus occidentalis, Baird. Western Titmouse. North Pacific coast of United States- 391
(292.) Parus meridionalis, Sclater. Mexican Titmouse. Eastern Mexico 392
293. Parus carolinensis, Aud. Carolina Titmouse. South Atlantic States to Washington • 392
294. Parus montanus , Gambel. Pacific coast of United States to the Rocky mountains • ■ 394
295. Parus ru/escens, Towns. Chestnut-backed, Tit. Pacific coast of the United States - • 394
296. Parus hudsonicus , Forster. Northeastern portions of North America to the North
Atlantic States 395
(297.) Psaltriparus melanotus, (Hart.) Bon. Black-cheeked Tit. Eastern.Mexico to the
Rio Grande • - - - * 396
298. Psaltriparus minimus , (Towns.) Bon. Least Tit. Pacific coast of United States 397
299. Psaltriparus plumbeus, Baird. Southern Rocky mountains 398
300. Paroides flaviceps, (Sund.) Baird. Rio Grande valley of Texas and Mexico. Fort
Yuma 400
301. Gerthiola flaveola , (Linn.) Sund. Yellow-rumped Creeper. Indian Key, Florida, and
West Indies 924
302. Eremophila cornuta, (Wils.) Boie. Sky Lark. Everywhere on the prairies and desert
plains of North America; Atlantic States in winter. A smaller
vaiiety on the western plains 403
303. Hesperipliona vespertina, (Cooper,) Bon. Evening Grosbeak. Pacific coast to Rocky
mountains ; Northern America east to Lake Superior 409
304. Pinicola canadensis , (Briss.) Cab. Pine Grosbeak. Arctic America, south to United
States in severe winters 410
305. Carpodacus purpureus, (Gm.) Gray. Purple Finch. North America from Atlantic
to the High Central Plains 412
306. Carpodacus calif ornicus, Baird. Western Purple Finch. Pacific coast of United
States 413
307. Carpodacus cassinii, Baird. Cassin’s Purple Finch. Rocky mountains and valley of
the Colorado. Fort Tejon ? 414
308. Carpodacus frontalis, (Say,) Gray. House Finch. Rocky mountains to the Pacific.
^ Perhaps several varieties 415
(309.) Carpodacus haemorrhous, Wagler. High lands of Mexico 417
310. Chrysomitris magellanicus, (Vieill.) Bon. Black-headed Gold-finch. South America.
Accidental in United States, (Kentucky) 419
311. Chrysomitris stanleyi, (Aud.) Bon. Stanley’s Gold-finch. California (?) Probably
western Mexico 420
XXXVIII
LIST OF SPECIES.
312. Chrysomitris yarrdli, (Aud.) Bon. Yarr ell’s Gold-finch. California (?) Probably
western Mexico • • • • . . 421
313. Chrysomitris tristis, (Linn.) Bon. Yellow Bird. North America generally 421
314. Chrysomitris psaltria, (Say,) Bon. Arkansas Pinch. Southern Rocky mountains to
the coast of California 422
315. Chrysomitris mexicana, (Sw.) Bon. Mexican Goldfinch. Mexican side of the valley
of the Rio Grande, southward; Copper Mines of the Gila ....... 423
316. Chrysomitris lawrendi, (Cassin,) Bon. Coast of California 424'
317. Chrysomitris pinus, (Wils.) Bon. Pine Finch. North America, from Atlantic to
Pacific 425
318. Curvirostra americana, Wils. Red Crossbill. North America generally, coming south-
ward in winter. Resident in the mountains of Pennsylvania.
Perhaps var. mexicana in Rocky mountains 426
319. Curvirostra leucoptera, (Gm.) Wils. White-winged Crossbill. Northern parts of North
America generally 427
320. Aegiothus linaria, (Linn.) Cab. Lesser Red Poll. Throughout eastern North America,
coming south in winter; Washington Territory 428
321. Aegiothus canescens, (Gould.) Cab. Mealy Red Poll. Greenland . 429
322. Leucosticte tephrocotis, Sw. Gray-crowned Finch. Northern Rocky mountains; vicinity
of Salt Lake City in winter . 430
323. Leucosticte griseinucha, (Brand,) Bonap. Russian America, Aleutians 430
324. Leucosticte arctous , (Pall.) Bonap. Kamtschatka; Russian America - • ■ • 430
325. Plectrophanes (Plectrophanes) nivalis , (Linn.) Meyer. Snow Bunting. North Ame-
rica, from Atlantic to Pacific ; south into the United States in
winter • • • 432
326. Plectrophanes ( Centrophanes) lapponicus, (Linn.) Selby. Lapland Longspur. Eastern
North America into United States in winter. Not yet found
much west of the Missouri. Fort Laramie ?.'••• 433
327. Plectrophanes (Centrophanes) pidus, Sw. Smith’s Bunting. Prairies of Illinois in
winter ; in summer north to the Saskatchewan • • 434
328. Plectrophanes (Centrophanes) ornatus , Towns. Chestnut-collared Bunting. Plains of
the Upper Missouri • • • • 435
329. Plectrophanes ( Centrophanes ) melanomus , Baird. Eastern slope of the Rocky moun-
tains; Mexico, on the table-lands • • • • • 436
330. Plectrophanes (Bhynchophanes) maccoivnii , Lawr. Eastern slopes of Rocky moun-
tains ; from Fort Thorn, N. M., as far east as the Black Hills,
north of the Platte ° » 437
331. Gentronyx bairdii, (Aud.) Baird. Mouth of the Yellowstone • • 441
332. Passerciclus savanna, (Wils.) Bon. Savannah Sparrow. Eastern North America to
the Missouri plains ................ ^ 442
333. Passerculus sandwichensis, (Gm. ) Baird. Northwestern coast, from the Columbia river
to Russian America- • • • • • • • • — • • — • 444
334. Passerculus anthinus , Bon. Coast of California, near San Francisco; Russian America,
Kodiak ...... ...... .... .... ...... .......... .... 445
LIST OF SPECIES.
XXXIX
Page.
835. Passerculus alaudinus, Bon. Coast of California and lower Rio Grande of Texas and
Mexico; Fort Bridger 446
336. Passerculus rostratus, (Cass.) Baird. Coast of California near San Diego. 446
337. Pooecetes gramineus, (Gm.) Baird. Grass Finch. United States from Atlantic to the
Pacific; or else one species to the high central plains, and another
from this to the Pacific 447
338. Cotui'nicuhis passerinus, (Wils.) Bon. Yellow-winged Sparrow. Eastern United States
to the high central plains (Loup Foi’k) ; also along the vallej^ of
Gila and Colorado 450
339. Coturniculus lienslowi, (Aud.) Bon. Henslow’s Bunting. Eastern United States as far
north as Washington; westward to the Loup Fork of Platte 451
340. Coturniculus lecontii, (Aud.) Bon. Leconte’s Bunting. Mouth of Yellowstone 452
341. Ammodromus caudacutus, ( Gm.) Sw. Sharp-tailed Finch. Atlantic coast of the United
States 453
342. Ammodromus maritimus, (Wils.) Sw. Sea-side Finch. Atlantic coast as far, at least,
as Long Island • • 454
343. Ammodromus samuelis, Baird. California 455
344. Cliondestes grammaca, (Sav,) Bon. Lark Finch. From Wisconsin and the prairies of
Michigan to Pacific coast; south to Texas and Mexico, on the
plains 456
345. Zonotrichia leucophrys, ( Forster,) Sw. White-crowned Sparrow. United States from
Atlantic to the Rocky mountains, where they become mixed up
with Z. gambelii; Greenland. 458
346. Zonotrichia gambelii , (Nutt.) Gambel. Rocky mountains to the Pacific coast; Fort
Bridger 460
347. Zonotrichia coronata, (Pallas.) Baird. Golden-crowned Sparrow. Pacific coast from
Russian America to southern California; Black Hills of Rocky
mountains? • • • 461
348. Zonotrichia querula, (Nutt.) Gamb. Harris’s Finch. Missouri river, above Fort Leav-
enworth 462
349. Zonotrichia albicoUis, (Gm.) Bon. White-throated Sparrow. Eastern United States to
the Missouri 463
(350.) Junco dnereus (Sw.) Cab. Mexico 465
351. Junco dorsalis, Henry. Fort Thorn, New Mexico • 466
352. Junco or egonus, (Towns.) Sclat. Oregon Snow Bird. Pacific coast of the United States
to the eastern side of the Rocky mountains; stragglers as far
east as Fort Leavenworth in winter, and Great Bend of Mis-
souri 467
353. Juilco caniceps, (Woodh.) Baird. Rocky mountains, from Black Hills to Fort Bridger
and San Francisco ; mountains of New Mexico 468
354. Junco hyemalis, (Linn.) Sclat. Snow Bird. Eastern United States to the Missouri,
and as far west as Black Hills • 468
355. Poospiza bilineata, (Cass.) Sclat. Black-throated Sparrow. Valley of Rio Grande and
of Gila. (Big canon of Colorado.) 470
LIST OF SFECIES.
XL
Page
356. Poospiza belli, (Cass.) Sclat. Bell’s Finch. Southern California and valley of Gila and
Colorado to Fort Thorn, and north to Fort Bridger, where very
abundant 470
357. Spizella monticola, (Gm.) Baird. Tree Sparrow. Eastern North America to the Mis-
souri; also on Pole creek and Little Colorado river, New Mexico- 472
358. Spizella pusilla, (Wils.) Bon. Field Sparrow. Eastern North America to the Mis-
souri river 473
359. Spizella socialis, (Wils.) Bon. Chipping Sparrow. North America from Atlantic to
Pacific 473
360. Spizella pallida, (Sw.) Bon. Clay-colored Bunting. Upper Missouri river and High
Central Plains to the Saskatchewan country 474
361. Spizella breiveri, (Aud.) Cass. Brewer’s Sparrow. Rocky mountains of United States
to the Pacific coast 475
362. Spizella atrigidaris, (Cab.) Baird. Black-chinned Sparrow. Mexico just south of the
Rio Grande - 476
363. Melospiza ( Melospiza) melodia, (Wils.) Baird. Song Sparrow. Eastern United States
to the High Central Plains. • • • • ...... 477
364. Melospiza (Melospiza ) heerrnanni, Baird. Heermann’s Song Sparrow. Tejon Pass, Cali-
fornia 478
365. Melospiza (Melospiza) gouldii, Baird. California. 479
366. Melospiza (Melospiza) rufina, (Brandt,) Baird. Pacific coast of the United States to
Russian America. 480
367. Melospiza ( Melospiza) fallax, Baird. Rocky mountain region from Fort Thorn to the
Colorado - 481
368. Melospiza (Helospiza) lincolnii, (Aud.) Baird. Lincoln’s Finch. Un’ted States from
Atlantic to Pacific, and south through Mexico to Guatemala • • • • 482
369. Melospiza (Helospiza ) palustris, (Wils. ) Baird. Swamp Sparrow. Eastern United States
from the Atlantic to the Missouri 483
370. Peucaea aestivalis, (Licht.) Cab. Bachman’s Finch. Georgia 484
371. Peucaea cassinii, (Woodh.) Baird. San Antonio, Texas, to Los Nogales, Sonora — • 485
372. Peucaea rujiceps, ( Cass.) Baird. Coast of California 486
373. Embernagra rufivirgata, Lawr. Yalley of the Rio Grande and probably of Gila,
southward. Mazatlan, Mexico * .......... 487
374. Pcisserella iliaca, (Merrem,) Sw. Fox-colored Sparrow. Eastern United States to the
Mississippi. 488
375. Passerella toionsendii, (Aud.) Nutt. Pacific coast of United States as far south as
Sacramento. Fort Tejon??- 489
376. Passerella scliistacea, Baird. Head-waters of Platte and Fort Bridger to Fort Tejon,
California. Perhaps another species, P. megarhynchus, (App.) 490, 925
377. Calamospiza bicolor, (Towns.) Bon. Lark Bunting. High Central Plains to the Rocky
mountains; southwesterly to valley of Mimbres and Sonora 492
378. Euspiza americana, (Gm.) Bon. Black-throated Bunting. United States from the At-
lantic to the border of the High Central Plains
494
LIST OF SPECIES.
XLI
Page.
379. Euspimtoionsendii, (Aud.) Bon. Townsend’s Bunting. Chester county, Pennsylvania.
But one specimen known 495
380. Guiraca ( Goniapliea) ludoviciana , (Linn.) Sw. Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Eastern
United States to the Missouri plains ; south to Guatemala 497
381. Guiraca ( Goniaphea ) melanocephala, Sw. Black-headed Grosbeak. High Central
Plains from Yellow Stone to the Pacific ; Table lands of Mexico 498
382, Gmraca caerulea , (Linn.) Sw. Blue Grosbeak. More Southern United States from
Atlantic to Pacific ; south to Mexico 499
383. Gyanospiza parellina, (Bon.) Baird. Northeastern Mexico to the Rio Grande 502
384. Gyanospiza ciris , (Linn.) Baird. Painted Bunting. South Atlantic and Gulf States
to the Pecos river, Texas ; south into Mexico 503
385. Gyanospiza versicolor , (Bon.) Baird. Northeastern Mexico, probably to the Rio
Grande ; Peru 503
386. Gyanospiza amoena , (Say,) Baird. Lazuli Finch. High Central Plains to the Pacific 504
387. Gyanospiza cyanea, (Linn.) Baird. Indigo Bird. Eastern United States to the Mis-
souri ; south to Guatemala 505
388. SpermopMla mordetii, Pucheran. Rio Grande of Texas ; south to Honduras 506
389. Pyrrliuloxia sinuata , Bon. Yalley of the Rio Grande of Texas 508
390. Gardinalis virginianus, Bonaparte. Red Bird. More southern portions of the Unsted
States to the Missouri ; probably along valley of Rio Grande
to Rocky mountains 509
391. Pipilo erythrophthalmus, ( Linn.) Yieill. Ground Robin. Eastern United States to the
Missouri river 512
392. Pipilo or eg onus. Bell. Oregon Ground Robin. Coast of Oregon and Washington
Territories 513
393. Pipilo arcticm , Sw. High Central Plains of Upper Missouri, Yellowstone, and
Platte; Fort Bridger « 514
394. Pipilo megalonyx, Baird. Southern coast of California and across through vallies
of Gila and Rio Grande 515
395. Pipilo abertii, Baird. Base of Rocky mountains in New Mexico; Yalley of Gila
and Colorado 516
396. Pipilo fuscus, Sw. Coast region of California 517
397. Pipilo mesoleucus , Baird. Yalley of Upper Rio Grande and across to the Gila
river ; East to Santa Caterina, New Leon 518
398. Pipilo chlorurus , (Towns.) Baird. Blan ding’s Finch. Yalley of Rio Grande and
Gila. Rocky mountains north to the South Pass ; south to
Mexico 519
399. DolicJumyx oryzivorus, (Linn.) Sw. Boblink. Eastern United States to Fort Bridger,
Utah 522
400. Molothrus pecoris , (Gm.) Sw. Cow Bird. United States from the Atlantic to Cali-
fornia ; Fort Bridger • • 524
401. Agelaius phoeniceus, (Linn. ) Yieill. Swamp Blackbird. United States from Atlantic
to Pacific 526
b 6 *
XLII
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
402. Agdaius gubernator, ( Wagl.) Bon. Red-shouldered Blackbird. Pacific coast ot United
States; Colorado river 529
403. Agelaius tricolor, (Nutt.) Bon. Red and White-shouldered Blackbird. Coast of Cali-
fornia ; Colorado river 530
404. Xanthocephalus icterocephalus, (Bon.) Baird. Yellow-headed Blackbird. Western
America, from Texas, Illinois, Wisconsin, and North Red river
to California ; south into Mexico ; Greenland • 531
(405.) TrupiaMs militarise (Linn.) Bonap. Red-breasted Lark. Western coast of South
America ; around to Falkland Islands ; perhaps in Brazil ; coast
of California ? 533
406. Sturndla magna, (Linn.) Sw. Meadow Lark. Eastern United States to the High
Central Plains ; south to Mexico ; Cuba? 535
407. Sturndla neglecta, Aud. Western Lark. Western America, from High Central Plains
to the Pacific ; east to Pembina, and perhaps to Wisconsin ...... 537
408. Icterus vulgaris , (Linn.) Daudin. Troupial. Northern South America and West
Indies ; accidental on the southern coast of United States 542
409. Icterus audubonii , Giraud. Audubon’s Oriole. Yalley of the Lower Rio Grande
of Texas, southward 542
(410.) Icterus mdanocepJialus, (Wagl.) Gray. Warm parts of Mexico 543
411. Icterus parisorum, Bon. Yalley of the Rio Grande, south to Guatemala; in Texas,
found on the Pecos 544
412. Icterus wagleri, Sclater. Northeastern Mexico to Rio Grande valley ; south to
Guatemala • • • 545
413. Icterus cucuUatus, Swain. Hooded Oriole. Yalley of the Lower Rio Grande, south-
ward • ...... ... • • • 546
414. Icterus spurius, (Linn.) Bon. Orchard Oriole. United States, from the Atlantic to
the High Central Plains; probably throughout Texas; south to
Guatemala • • • • • • 547
415. Icterus baltimore, (Linn.) Daudin. Baltimore Oriole. From Atlantic coast to the High
Central Plains, and in their borders ; south to Guatemala 548
416. Icterus bulloekii, (Sw.) Bon. Bullock’s Oriole. High Central Plains to the Pacific;
rare on upper Missouri ; south into Mexico -• 549
417. ScolecopJiagus ferrugineus, (Gm.) Sw. Rusty Blackbird. From Atlantic coast to the
Missouri 551
418. Scolecophagus cyanocepJialus, ( Wagl.) Cab. Brewer’ s Blackbird. High Central Plains
to the Pacific; south to Mexico ; Pembina, Minnesota 552
419. Quisccdus macrourus, Sw. Great-tailed Grakle. Yalley of the Lower Rio Grande of
Texas, southward 1 • • • 553
420. Quisccdus majar , (Wils;) Yieill. Boat-tailed Grakle. Southern Atlantic and Gulf
Coast ; mouth of Rio Grande, Texas • • • • 555
421. Quisccdus versicolor. (Linn.) Yieill. Ci’ow Blackbird. Atlantic to High Central Plains;
Fort Bridger — • 555
422. Quiscalus baritus, (Linn.) Yieill. Florida coast and West Indies 556
423. Corvus carnivorus, Bartram. American Raven. Entire continent of North America; ^ ,
rare east of the Mississippi 560
424. Corvus cacabtl, Wagl. Colorado Raven. Colorado river of California, southward •• • 563
LIST OF SPECIES.
XLIII
Page.
425. Corvus cryptoleucus, Couch. White-necked Grow. Valley of Rio Grande and Gila ;
abundant on the Llano Estacado 5G5
426. Corvus americcmus, Aud. Common Crow. North America to the Missouri region ;
also on the coast of California? (Not found on the High Central
Plains?). 566
427. Corvus americanus, var. floridanus , Baird. Florida Crow. Southern peninsula of
Florida 568
428. Corvus caurinus, Baird. Northwestern Fish Crow. Washington Territory and north-
west coast 569
429. Corvus ossifragus, Wilson. Fish Crow. South Atlantic (and Gulf?) coast - • • • 571
430. Picicorvus columhianus, (Wils.) Bon. Clark’s Crow. From Rocky mountains to Pa-
cific ; east to Fort Kearney ••••••••* 573
431. Gymnokitta cyanocephala, Pr. Max. Maximilian’s Jay. Rocky mountains to Cascades
of California and Oregon. Not on the Pacific coast- • • • • ...... 574
432. Pica hudsonica, (Sabine, ) Bon. Magpie. Arctic regions of North America; the United
States from the High Central Plains to the Pacific north of Cali-
fornia 576
433. Pica nuttalli, Aud. Yellow-billed Magpie. Coast of California ••• - 578
434. Cyanura cristata, (Linn.) Sw. Blue Jay. Eastern North America ; west to the Mis-
souri. • 580
435. Cyanura steReri, (Gm.) Sw. Steller’s Jay. Pacific coast of North America ; east to
St. Mary’s mission, Rocky mountains 581
436. Cyanura macrohphus, Baird. Long-crested Jay. Central line of Rocky mountains to
the table lands of Mexico 582
437. Cyanocitta calif ornica, (Vigors,) Strick. California Jay. Pacific coast from Columbia
river, south; not in the interior 584
438. Cyanocitta woodhousii, Baird. Woodhouse’s Jay. Central line of Rocky mountains
to the table lands of Mexico 585
439. Cyanocitta Jloridana, (Bartram,) Bon. Florida Jay. Florida 586
440. Cyanocitta sordida , (Sw.) Baird. Mimbres region of Rocky mountains, and south to
table lands of Mexico 587
441. Cyanocitta ultramarina, (Bon. ) Strickl. Ultramarine Jay. South side of valley of Rio
Grande, near the coast and southward 588
442. Xanthoura luxuosa, (Lesson, ) Bon. Green Jay. Valley of Rio Grande of Texas, and
southward. 589
443. Perisoreus canadensis, (Linn.) Bon. Canada Jay. Northern America into the northern
parts of United States from Atlantic to Pacific ; farther south in
Rocky mountains. • • . • 590
444. Psilorhinus morio, (Wagler, ) Gray. Rio Grande valley of Texas, southward 592
445. Columba ( Columba) fcisciata, Say. Band-tailed Pigeon. Rocky mountains to Pacific
coast; south to New Leon, Mexico - • • • 597
446. Columba (Columba) flavirostris, Wagl. Red-billed Dove. Lower Rio Grande 598
447. Columba (Patagioenas) leucocephala, Linn. White-headed Pigeon. Indian Key and
other southern keys of Florida; not on main land; West Indies
generally 599
XLIV
LIST OP SPECIES.
Page.
448. Ectopistes migratoria, (Linn.) Sw. Wild Pigeon. North America to High Central
Plains 600
449. Zenaida amahilis, Bonap. Zenaida Dove. Florida Keys; chiefly on or near Indian Key
and the West Indies 602
450. Melopelialeucoptera, ( Linn.) Bon. White-winged Dove. Valley of Rio Grande, south-
ward; California; West Indies 603
451. Zenaiduracarolinensis, (Linn.) Bon. Common Dove. Throughout United States, from
Atlantic to Pacific; Cuba 604
452. Scarda/ella squamosa, (Temm.) Bon. Scaly Dove. South side of valley of Rio Grande,
southward; perhaps S. inca , Bon 605
453. Chamaepelia passerina, (Linn.) Sw. Ground Dove. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts,
Lower California; accidental near Washington, D. C 606
454. Oreopeleia martinica, (Gm.) Reich. Key West Pigeon. Key West, Florida, and West
Indies. 607
455. Starnoenas cyanocepJiala, (Linn.) Bon. Blue-headed Pigeon. West India islands; occa-
sionally at Key West, Florida, and other southern Keys 608
456. Ortalida mi c calli, Baird. Chiacalacca. New Mexico- 611
457. Meleagris gallopavo , Linn. Wild Turkey. United States 615
458. Meleagris mexicana , Gould. Mexican Turkey. Mexico 618
459. Tetrao obscurus, Say. Dusky Grouse. Black Hills of Nebraska to Cascade mountains
of Oregon and Washington 620
460. Tetrao canadensis, Linn. Spruce Partridge. Spruce forests and swamps of northern
United States to the Arctic seas; west nearly to the Rocky mount-
ains 622
461. Tetrao franldinii, Douglas. Franklin’ s Grouse. Northern Rocky mountains, and west 623
462. Centrocercus urophasianus, (Bon.) Sw. Cock of the Plains. Sage plains of the north-
west 624
463. Pedioecetes phasianellus, (Linn.) Baird. Sharp-tailed Grouse. Northern prairies and
plains, from Wisconsin to Cascades of Oregon and Washing-
ton. 626
464. Cupidonia cupido, (Linn.) Baird. Prairie Hen. Western prairies and plains, within
the limits of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains;
southeast to Calcasieu, Louisiana; east to Pocono mountains,
Pennsylvania, Long Island, and eastern coast - • 628
465. Bonasa umbellus , (Linn.) Steph. Ruffed Grouse. Wooded portions of eastern United
States towards the Rocky mountains. 630
465. * Bonasa , var. umbdloides, (Douglas,) Baird. Gray Mountain Grouse. Northern val-
leys of Rocky mountains 630
466. Bonasa sabinii, (Douglas,) Baird. Oregon Grouse. Rocky mountains, to Pacific coast
of Oregon and Washington 631
467. Lagopus albus, (Gm.) Aud. White Ptarmigan. Northern America; rare in the north-
ern parts of United States 633
468. Lagopus rupestr is, (Gm.) Leach. Ptarmigan. Arctic America. 635
/
LIST OF SPECIES.
XLY
Page.
469. Lagopus leucurus, Sw. White-tailed Ptarmigan. Northern America to the west;
southward along Rocky mountains to Cochetope pass, in latitude
39°. 636
470. Lagopus americanus, Aud. American Ptarmigan. Arctic America 637
471. Ortyx virginianus, (Linn.) Bon. Partridge; Quail. Eastern United States, to the
High Central Plains 640
472. Ortyx texanus, Lawr. Southern Texas and vallej^of Rio Grande • • • 641
473. Oreortyx pictus, (Douglas,) Baird. Plumed Partridge. Mountain ranges of California
and Oregon towards the coast 642
474. Lopliortyx calif ornicus, (Shaw,) Bon. California Quail. Plains and lowlands of Cali-
fornia and Oregon towards the coast; Mohave river 644
475. Lophortyx gamhelii, Nutt. Gambel’s Partridge. Upper Rio Grande and Gila, to the
Colorado of California 645
476. Callipepla squamata, (Vigors,) Gray. Scaled or Blue Partridge. Yalley of Rio Grande
of Texas. Not yet detected further west. Most abundant on the
high broken table lands and mezquite plains 646
477. Cyrtonyx massena, (Lesson,) Gould. Massena Partridge. Chiefly on the upper Rio
Grande, from the high plains of the Pecos. 647
478. Gr us americanus, (Linn.) Ord. Whooping Crane. Florida and Texas; stragglers in
Mississippi valley • • • • 654
479. Grus canadensis , (Linn.) Temm. Sand-hill Crane. Whole of western regions of United
States; Florida- 655
480. Grus fraterculus, Cassin. New Mexico. 656
481. Aramus giganteus, (Bon.) Baird. Crying Bird. Florida and West Indies 657
482. Demiegretta pealii, (Bon.) Baird. Peale’s Egret. Seacoast of south Florida. 661
483. Demiegretta ruf a, (Bodd.) Baird. Reddish Egret. Coast of south Florida and Gulf
of Mexico to mouth of Rio Grande; Cuba 662
484. Demiegrettaludoviciana, (Wils.) Baird. Louisiana Heron. Coast of South Atlantic and
Gulf States 663
485. Garzetta candidissima, (Jacquin,) Bon. Snowy Heron. Coast of middle and Gulf
States, and across to California • • • • • ..... 665
486. Eerodias egretta, (Gmel.) Gray. White Heron. Southern portions of the United
States; straggling to Massachusetts 666
486. * Eerodias egretta, var. calif ornica, Baird. Coast of southern California, and perhaps
the Rio Grande of Texas. 667
487. Ardea herodias, Linn. Great Blue Heron. Throughout the entire territory of the
United States; West Indies 668
488. Ardea wurdemannii, Baird. Florida Heron. South Florida 669
489. Audubonia ocddentalis, (Aud.) Bon. Great White Heron. South Florida and Cuba 670
490. Florida caerulea, (Linn.) Baird. Blue Heron. South Atlantic and Gulf coast to
Mexico • • • • • • ■ • 671
491. Ardetta exilis, (Gmel.) Gray. Least Bittern. Throughout the United States, from At-
lantic to Pacific 673
492. Botauruslentiginosus, Steph. Bittern. Entire continent of North America 674
XL VI
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
493. Butorides.virescens, (Linn.) Bon. Green Heron. United States generally 676
494. Butorides brunnescens, (Cab.) Cuba; Florida? •••• ..... 676
495. Nyctiardea gardeni, (Gmelin,) Baird. Night Heron. United States generally. 678
496. Nyctherodius violaceus, (Linn.) Reich. Yellow-crowned Night Heron. South Atlantic
and Gulf States ; South America. 679
497. Tantalusloculator , (Linn.) Wood Ibis. South Atlantic and Gulf States and across
to the Colorado river ; as far north as North Carolina and mouth
. of Ohio 682
498. Ibis rubra, (Linn.) Vieillot. Red or Scarlet Ibis. South America and West Indies.
Very rare or accidental in the United State. 683
499. Ibis alba, (Linn.) Vieillot. White Ibis. South Atlantic and Gulf States ; straggling
occasionally northward 684
500. Ibis (Falcinellus) ordii, Bonaparte. Glossy Ibis. Found singly and at intervals over
the whole United States ••••••• 685
501. Platalea ajaja, Linn. Rosy Spoonbill. South Atlantic and Gulf States . ■ 686
502. PJioenicopter us ruber, Linn. Flamingo. Warm parts of America. Rare on the Florida
Keys 687
503. Charadrius virginicus, Borck. Golden Plover. All of North America, South Ame-
rica, Northern Asia, Europe 690
504. Aegialitis ( OxyecJius) vociferus, (Linn.) Cassin. Killdeer. North America to the
Arctic regions; Mexico; South America. 692
505. Aegialitis (Oxyechus) montanus, ( Towns.) Cassin. Mountain Plover. Western North
America; Fort Bridger, and Fort Tejon ...... • • ; 693
506. Aegialitis( OcJithodromus ) wilsonius, (Ord, ) Cassin. Wilson’ s Plover. Middle and South-
ern States on the Atlantic, and the Atlantic coast of South Ame-
rica. 693
507. Aegialitis ( Aegialeus) semipalmatus, (Bon.) Cab. Semipalmated Plover. The whole
of temperate North America. Common on the Atlantic 694
508. Aegialitis (Aegialeus) melodus, ( Ord,) Cab. Piping Plover. Eastern coast of North
America; Nebraska ; Louisiana 695
509. Aegialitis (Leucopolius)nivosa, Cassin. Presidio, (near San Francisco,) California • • 695
510. SquatarolaJielvetica, (Linn.) Cuv. Black-bellied Plover. All of North America. The
seacoasts of nearly all countries of the world. • • • • ...... ...... 697
511. ApJiriza virgata, (Gmelin,) Gray. Surf Bird. Pacific coast of North America? South
America; Sandwich Islands • 698
512. Haematopus palliatus, Temm. Oyster Catcher. Coast of Atlantic ocean; States on
the Pacific? Florida ■ • • • 699
513. Haematopus niger, Pallas. Bachman’s Oyster Catcher. Western coast of the United
States; Kurile islands 700
(514)? Haematopus ater, Yieillot. Western coast of the United States? South America;
coast of Chile • • • ■ 700
515. Strepsilas interpres, (Linn.) Illig. Turnstone. Shores of the Atlantic and Pacific,
throughout North America. One of the most widely diffused of
birds, being found in nearly all parts of the world 701
516. Strepsilas melanocephalus, Vigors. Black Turnstone. Western North America. 702
LIST OF SPECIES.
XLVII
Page.
517. Becurvirostra americana , Gm. American Avoset. All of temperate North America;
Florida 703
518. Himantopus nigricoUis , Vieillot. Black-necked Stilt. United States generally 704
519. Phalaropus wilsonii, Sab. Wilson’s Phalarope. Entire temperate regions of north
America; New Mexico 705
520. Phalaropus hyperboreus, ( Linn.) Temm. Northern Phalarope. The whole of tempe-
rate North America; Europe; Japan; San Francisco, Cal 706
521. Phalaropus fulicarius , (Linn.) Bon. Red Phalarope. Entire temperate regions of
North America; Asia; Europe 707
522. Philohela minor, (Gm.) Gray. American Woodcock. Eastern North America 709
523. Gallinago wilsonii, ( Temm.) Bon. English Snipe. Entire temperate regions of North
America; California 710
524. Macrorhamphus griseus, (Gm.) Leach. Red-breasted Snipe. Entire temperate regions
of North America • ■ - 712
525. Macrorhamphus scolopaceus, (Say,) Lawrence. Entire temperate regions of North
America; Washington Territory; New York • 712
526. Tringa (Tringa) canutus, Linn. Gray Back. Eastern North America; Europe • • • • 715
527. Tringa ( Tringa) cooperi, Baird. Long Island 716
528. Tringa (Arguatella ) maritima, B^unnich. Purple Sandpiper. Eastern North America;
Europe 717
529. Tringa (Erolia) subarquata, (Gould,) Temm. Curlew Sandpiper. Atlantic coast of
the United States; rare; Europe; Asia; Africa 718
530. Tringa (Schoeniclus) alpina, var. americana, Cassin. Red-backed Sandpiper. Entire
temperate regions of North America 719
531. Tringa ( Actodromas )maculata,Y ieill. Jack Snipe. North America generally. South
America. Accidental in Europe 720
532. Tringa ( Actodromas ) wilsonii, Nuttall. Least Sandpiper. Entire temperate North
America. • • 721
533. Tringa {Actodromas) bonapartii, Schlegel. North America east of the Rocky mount-
ains - 722
534. Calidris arenaria, (Linn.) Uliger. Sanderling. Entire temperate regions of North
America; South America; Europe 723
535. Ereunetes petrijicatus, 111. Semipalmated Sandpiper. Entire temperate regions of
North America ; South America ; varying much in size 724
536. Micropalama himantopus, (Row.) Baird. Stilt Sandpiper. Eastern North America- • • 726
537. Symphemia semipalmata , (Gm.) Hartlaub. Willet. Entire temperate regions of
North America ; South America 729
538. Glottis fioridanus, Bon. Florida Greenshank. Florida 730
539. Gambetta melanoleuca, (Gm.) Bon. Tell-tale. Stone Snipe. Entire temperate regions
of North America. Mexico 731
540. Gambetta flavipes, (Gm.) Bon. Yellow Legs. Eastern North America ; western?- • ■ 732
541. Bhyacophilus solitarius, (Wils.) Bon. Solitary Sandpiper. Entire temperate regions
of North America. Mexico- 733
542. Heteroscelus brevipes , ( Vieill. ) Baird. Wandering Tatler. Washington Territory.
Islands in the Pacific. South America. Northeastern Asia.
Japan 734
XLYIII
LIST OP SPECIES.
Page
543. Tringoides macularius, (Linn.) Gray. Spotted Sandpiper. Entire temperate North
America; Oregon. Accidental in Europe 735
544. Philomaclius pugnax, (Linn.) Gray. Ruff. Northern Europe and Asia. Accidental
on Long Island 737
545. Actiturus bartramius, (Wils.) Bon. Field Plover. Eastern North America ; South
America. Europe 737
546. Tryngites rufescens, (Vieillot,) Cab. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. All of North America;
South America ; Europe • • • 739
547. Limosafedoa , (Linn.) Ord. Entire temperate regions of North America. South Ame-
rica. 740
548. Limosa Tiudsonica, (Lath.) Sw. Northern and eastern North America; New Jersey- 741
549. Numenius (Numenius) longirostris , Wilson. Long-billed Curlew. The entire tempe-
rate regions of North America. Perhaps two or more species
included .... ...... 743
550. Numenius ( Phaeopus ) hudsonicus, Latham. Hudsonian Curlew. Atlantic and Pacific
coasts of North America. California 744
551. Numenius (Phaeopus) borealis, (Forst.) Latham. Esquimaux Curlew. Eastern and
northern North America 744
552. Radius elegans , Aud. Marsh Hen. Middle and Southern States on the Atlantic
Ocean; California 746
553. Rallus crepitans , Gm. Clapper Rail. Middle and southern coast of the States on
the Atlantic Ocean ; South America 747
554. Radius virginianus , Linn. Virginia Rail. The entire temperate regions of North
America ; New Mexico, California, Oregon 748
555. Porzana (Porzana) Carolina , Vieill. Common Rail. Entire temperate regions of
North America 749
556. Porzana (Creciscus) jamaicensis, (Gm.) Little Black Rail. Middle and Southern
States on the Atlantic Ocean 749
557. Porzana (Coturnicops) noveboracensis, ( Gm.) Yellow Rail. Eastern North America- - 750
558. Crex pratensis, Bechst. Corn-crake. Europe; Greenland. Accidental on the Atlantic
coast of the United States • 751
559. Fulica americana, Gmelin. Coot. Entire temperate regions of North America- • 751
560. GaUinula ( Gallinula) galeata, (Licht.) Bon. Florida Gallinule. Southern countries of
North America; accidental in Middle and Northern States 752
561. Gallinula (Porphyrula) martinica, ( Linn.) Lath. Purple Gallinule. Southern States
of North America, Louisiana, Florida. Accidental in the middle
and northern United States 753
561. Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. American Swan. Continent of North America- ■ • 758
562. Cygnus buccinator , Rich. Trumpeter Swan. Western America, from the Missis-
sippi valley to the Pacific * 758
563. Anser ( Chen) hyperboreus, Pallas. Snow Goose. Whole of North America. Perhaps
a second species, (A. albatus) 760
LIST OF SPECIES.
XLIX
Page.
564. Anser (Chen) caerulescens, Linn. White-headed Goose. North America 761
565. Anser (Anser) gambelii, Hartlaub. White Fronted Goose. Whole of North Ame-
rica 761
566. Anser frontalis, Baird. Interior of North America 762
567. Bernicla ( Leucoblepharon) canadensis, (Linn.) Boie. Canada Goose. Whole of North
America. Accidental in Europe 764
568. Bernicla (Leucoblepharon) leucopareia, (Brandt,) Cassin. White-cheeked Goose.
West coast of America. Perhaps mixed with B. occidentalis ■ • • • 765
569. Bernicla (Leucoblepharon) hutchinsii, ( Rich.) Bonap. Huctchin’s Goose. Northern
and western regions of North America 765
570. Bernicla (Bernicla) brenta, Steph. Brant. Eastern or Atlantic coast of North
America ; Europe. Not yet observed on the Pacific side of
the continent 767
571. Bernicla (Bernicla) nigricans, (Lawr.) Cassin. Black Brant. Pacific coast of North
America. Yery rare on the Atlantic coast 767
572. Bernicla (Leucopareia) leucopsis, (Linn.) Barnacle Goose. Very doubtful as an
inhabitant of North America 768
573. Chloephaya canagica, (Sewast.) Bon. Painted Goose. Aleutian Islands 768
574. Dendrocygna autumnalis, (Linn.) Eyton. Long-legged Duck. Valley of Bio Grande,
Texas ; also in South America and West Indies 770
575. Dendrocygna fulva, (Gmelin,) Burm. Fort Tejon, California, and south into Brazil • 770
576. Anas boschas, Linn. Mallard. Entire continent of North America and greater part
of Old World 774
577. Anas obscura, Gm. Black Duck. Atlantic region of North America. Not yet
detected on the Pacific, nor in Europe 775
578. Dafila acuta, (Linn.) Jenyns. Sprig-tail; Pin-tail. Whole of North America and
Europe 776
579. Nettion carolinensis, (Gm.) Baird. Green-winged Teal. Whole of North America;
accidental in Europe 777
580. Nettion crecca, (Linn.) Kaup. English Teal. Europe ; accidental on the eastern
coast of the United States 778
581. Querquedula discors, (Linn.) Steph. Blue-winged Teal. Eastern North America
to Rocky mountains. Not yet found on the Pacific coast, nor in
Europe 779
582. Querquedula cyanoptera, (Vieill.) Baird. Red-breasted Teal. Rocky mountains to
Pacific ; accidental in Louisiana ; spread over most of western
South America- • • • - 780
583. Spatula dypeata, (Linn.) Boie. Shoveller. Continent of North America; abundant
in Europe 781
584. Chaulelasmus streperus, (Linn.) Gray. Gadwall. North America generally, and
Europe 882
585. Mareca americana, (Gm.) Stephens. Baldpate; American Widgeon. Continent of
North America ; accidental in Europe 783
b 7*
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
586. Mareca penelope, (Linn.) Bon. English Widgeon. Old World ; accidental on the
Atlantic coast of United States ; Greenland 784
587. Aix sponsa , (Linn.) Boie. Summer Duck. Continent of North America 785
588. Fulix marila, (Linn.) Baird. Big Black-head. Whole of North America and
Europe. 791
589. Fulix affinis , (Forster,) Baird. Little Black-head. Whole of North America;
accidental in Europe ...... ...... .... .... 791
590. Fulix collar is, (Donovan,) Baird. Ring-necked Duck. Whole of North America ;
accidental in Europe 792
591. Aythya americana , (Eyton,) Bon. Red-head. Whole of North America • • • • • • • • 793
592. Aythya vallisneria, (Wils.) Bon. Canvas-back. Whole of North America 794
593. Bucephala americana , (Bon.) Baird. Golden Eye. Whole of North America- • • - • 796
594. Bucephala islandica , (Gm.) Baird. Barrow’s Golden Eye. Iceland and northern
parts of America; in winter, not rare on the St. Lawrence- 796
595. Bucephala albeola , (Linn.) Baird. Butter Ball. Whole of North America - • • • • • • • 797
596. Histrionicus torquatus, (Linn.) Bon. Harlequin Duck. Northern seacoast of north-
ern hemisphere • • • • ...... - - ...... ...... .... .... .... 799
597. Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach. South Southerly. Near both coasts of North
America; Europe 800
598. Polysticta steUeri, (Pallas,) Eyton. Steller’s Duck. Northeastern Asia; accidental (?)
on northwest coast of America, and in Europe 801
599. Lampronetta fischeri , Brandt. Spectacled Eider. Norton sound, Russian America,
63£ N. L - - 803
600. Camptolaemus labradorius , (Gm.) Gray. Labrador Duck. Northeastern coast of
North America 803
601. Melanetta velvetina, (Cassin,) Baird. Velvet Duck. Near both coasts of North
America, to the north; perhaps M. carbo , of Pallas 805
602. Pdionetta perspiicllata, (Linn.) Kaup. Surf Duck. On and near seacoast of North
America ; quite far south in winter; accidental in Europe ...... 806
603. Pdionetta trowbridgii , Baird. Long-billed Scoter. Coast of southern California in
winter • • • • • • • ...... .... 806
604. Oidemia americana, Swains. Scoter. Seacoast of North America* 807
605. Oidemia (Pdionetta) bimaculata, Baird. Huron Scoter. Lake Huron and adjacent
waters in fall and winter • • • • • . 808
606. Somateria mollissima , (Linn.) Leach. Eider Duck. Atlantic and Arctic coasts of
northern hemisphere; Pacific coast, N. A 809
607. Somateria V. nigra , Gray. Pacific Eider. Kotzbue sound, N. W. coast of America 810
608. Somateria speetahilis, (Linn.) Leach. King Eider. Arctic regions of northern
hemisphere; Pacific coast 810
609. Erismatura rubida, (Wils.) Bon. Ruddy Duck. Whole of North America; abund-
ant throughout the interior ................................ 811
610. Erismatura dominica, (Linn.) Eyton. Black Masked Duck. West Indies ; accidental
on Lake Champlain 811
LIST OF SPECIES. LI
Page.
611. 3Iergus amcricanus, Cass. Sheldrake. Whole of North America 813
612. Mergus scrrator, Linn. Red-breasted Merganser. Whole of North America and Eu-
rope. 814
613. Lopliodytes cucullatus, (Linn.) Reich. Hooded Merganser. Whole of North America 816
614. Mergellus albellus , (Linn.) Selby. Smew. Northern parts of Old World ; very acci-
dental in America 817
615. Pelecanus ( Cyrlopelecanus ) erythrorhynchus, Gmelin. American Pelican. North Ame-
rica generally, on both shores and in the interior 868
616. Pelecanus (Onocrotalus)fiuscus, Linn. Brown Pelican. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts
of the United States ; coast of California 870
617. Sula ( Sula) bassana, Briss. Common Gannet: Solan Goose. Atlantic coast of North
America and Europe 871
618. Sula (Dysporus) fiber, (Linn.) Booby Gannet. South Atlantic and Gulf coast of
United States 872
619. Tachypetes aquilus, (Linn.) Vieillot. Frigate Pelican : Man-of-war Bird. South At-
lantic and Gulf coasts of United States and southern coast of
California. Generally distributed in tropical regions 873
620. Graculus ( Phalacrocorax ) carbo, (Linn.) Gray. Common Cormorant. Atlantic coast
of North America to New Jersey, (in winter) and Europe 876
621. Graculus (Phalacrocorax) perspicillatus , (Pallas,) Lawrence. Pallas’s Cormorant.
Russian America 877
622. Graculus (Phalacrocorax) cincinnatus, (Brandt,) Gray. Tufted Cormorant. Sitka,
Russian America 877
623. Graculus dilophus, ( Sw.) Gray. Double Crested Cormorant. Arctic North America ;
south to Carolina and California in winter. 877
624. Graculus fioridamis, (Aud.) Bon. Florida Cormorant. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts
of United States and some distance inland 879
625. Graculus mexicanus, (Brandt,) Bon. Mexican Cormorant. Coast of Texas and Rio
Grande; Cuba 879
626. Graculus (Urile) penicillatus, (Brandt,) Bonap. Brandt’s Cormorant. West coast of
North America 880
627. Graculus ( Urile) violaceus, ( Gmelin,) Gray. Violet Green Cormorant. West coast
of North America 881
628. Plotus anhinga, Linn. Snake Bird : Water Turkey. Fresh waters of South Atlantic
and Gulf States 883
629. Phaeton fiavirostris , Brandt. Yellow-billed Tropic Bird. Tropical regions of the At-
lantic seas 855
630. Diomedea (Diomedea) exulans, Linn. The Wandering Albatross. Pacific ocean ••• • 821
631. Diomedea (Phoebastria)brachyura, Temm. The Short-tailed Albatross. North Pacific;
coasts of California and Oregon 822
632. Diomedea ( Thalassar che) chlororhyncha, Gmel. The Yellow-nosed Albatross. Pa-
cific ocean ; coast of Oregon 822
633. Diomedea ( Phoebetria) fuliginosa, Gmel. The Sooty Albatross. Pacific coasts of Cali-
fornia and Oregon. 823
LII
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page-
634. Procellaria ( Ossi/ragus) gigantea , Gmel. The Gigantic Fulmar. Pacific ocean, off
Columbia river - = 825
635. Procellaria (Fulmar us) glacialis, Linn. The Fulmar Petrel. Northern Atlantic- • 825
636. Procellaria pacijica, Aud. The Pacific Fulmar. Pacific coasts of North America. . 826
637. Procellaria ( T halassoica) tenuirostris, Aud. The Slender-billed Fulmar. Pacific
coast ; Columbia river 826
638. Procellaria (Aestrelata) meridionalis, Lawrence. The Tropical Fulmar. Atlantic
coast, from Florida to New York 827
639. Daption capensis, (Linn.) Steph. The Pintado Petrel. Off the coast of California • 828
640. Thalassidroma ( Oceanodroma) furcata, (Gmel.) Gould. Fork-tailed Petrel. Coasts
of Oregon and Russian America 829
641. Thalassidroma (Oceanodroma) hornbyi, Gray. Hornby’s Petrel. Northwest coast
of America 829
642. Thalassidroma leachii, Temm. Leach’s Petrel. Atlantic coast, from Massachu-
setts to Baffin’s bay- • - 830
643. Thalassidroma melania, Bon. The Black Stormy Petrel. Coast of California 830
644. Thalassidroma (Oceamtes) wilsoni, Bon. Wilson’s Stormy Petrel. Off the Atlantic
coast, from the Gulf of Mexico to Baffin’s bay 831
645. Thalassidroma (Procellaria) pelagica, (Linn.) Bon. Mother Cary’s Chicken. At-
lantic ocean, banks of Newfoundland 831
646. Fregetta lawrencii, Bonap. The Black and White Stormy Petrel. Florida coast • • 832
647. Puffinus (Ardenna) major, Faber. The Greater Shearwater. Atlantic ocean,
Florida coast to the Gulf of St. Lawrence 833
648. Puffinus (Nectris) fuliginosus , Strick. The Sooty Shearwater. Atlantic coast of
the Northern States. Banks of Newfoundland 834
649. Puffinus anglorum, Temm. The Mank’s Shearwater. Coast of New Jersey to
Labrador 834
650. Puffinus obscurus , (Gmel.) Lath. The Ducky Shearwater. Southern coast of the
United States ; Gulf of Mexico 835
651. Puffinus (Adamastor)dnereus, Gmel. The Cinereous Petrel. Pacific ocean, off the
California coast 835
652. Stercorarius catarractes, (Linn.) Temm. The Common Skua. Coast of California- 838
653. Stercorarius pomarinus, Temm. The Pomarine Skua. Labrador; as far south as
New York in winter 838
654. Stercorarius parasiticus, (Linn.) Temm. The Arctic Skua. Arctic America; coast
of United States from New York, northwest 839
655. Stercorarius cepphus, (Brunn.) Buffon’s Skua. Arctic seacoasts of America; Baf-
fin’s bay 840
656. Larus glaucus, Brunn. The Glaucous Gull. Arctic seas, Labrador, New York in
winter, rarely 842
657. Larus glaucescens, Licht. The Glaucous-winged Gull. Northwest coast of North
America 842
658. Larus leucopter us, Faber. The White-winged Gull. Arctic seas; Baffin’s Bay; Labrador 843
659. Larus chalcopterus, (Bruch,) Lawr. The Gray- winged Gull. American coast of
Behring’s Straits, and Greenland 843
LIST OF SPECIES. LIII
Page.
G60. Larus marinus, Linn. The Great Black-backed Gull. North Atlantic, Labrador;
as far south as Florida in winter 844
661. Larus argentatus, Briinn. The Herring Gull. Atlantic coast, from Texas to New-
foundland; western States, Ohio and Mississippi rivers 844
662. Larus occidentalis, Aud. The Western Gull. Northwest coast of America 845
663. Larus calif ornicus, Lawr. The California Gull. West coast of North America- • • 846
664. Larus delawarensis, Ord. The Ring-billed Gull. Arctic America; Texas to La-
brador; western rivers; northwest coast 846
665. Larus suckleyi, Lawr. Suckley’s Gull. Pacific coast, Puget’s Sound 848
666. Blasipus heermanni, ( Cass.) Bon. The White-headed Gull. Coast of California- 848
667. Chroicocephalus atricilla, Linn. The Laughing Gull. Texas to Massachusetts • • • ■ 850
668. Chroicocephalus franldinii, (Rich.) Bruch. Franklin’s Rosy Gull. Missouri river;
interior of fur countries 951
669. Chroicocephalus cucullatus, (Li cht.) Bruch. The Hooded Gull. Panama, Louisiana 851
670. Chroicocephalus Philadelphia, (Ord,) Lawrence. . Bonaparte’s Gull. Texas to Nova
Scotia; Mississippi river; fur countries, Pacific coast of North
America 852
671. Chroicocephalus minutus , (Pallas,) Bruch. The Little Gull. Arctic America,?
Europe 853
672. Rissa tridactyla, (Linn.) Bonap. The Kittiwake Gull. Fur countries, Labrador;
southern coast in winter 854
673. Rissa septentrionalis, Lawr. The North Pacific Kittiwake. Pacific coast of North
America, Puget’s Sound - 854
674. Rissa hrevirostris , Brandt. The Short-billed Kittiwake. Northwest coast of
North America 855
675. Rissa nivea, (Pallas,) Bruch. The Yellow-billed Gull. Russian America 855
676. Pagophila eburnea, (Gm.) Kaup. The Ivory Gull. Coasts of arctic America,
Labrador, Newfoundland 856
677. Pagophila brachytarsi, Hollb. The Short-legged Gull. Greenland 856
678. Rhodostethia rosea, (Jard.) The Wedge-tailed Gull. Arctic seas 857
679. Creagrus furcatus, (Neboux,) Bon. The swallow-tailed Gull. California 857
680. Xema sabinii, (Sabine,) Bon. The Fork-tailed Gull. Nova Scotia, northward;
arctic seas 857
681. Sterna aranea , Wils. The Marsh Tern. Coast of the United States, as far north
as Connecticut 859
682. Sterna caspia, Pallas. The Caspian Tern. Coast of New Jersey, northward 859
683. Sterna regia, Gambel. The Royal Tern. Atlantic coast of the southern and mid-
dle States, and California 859
684. Sterna elegans, Gambel. The Elegant Tern. Coast of South California 860
685. Sterna acuflavida, Cabot. Cabot’s Tern. Texas to Florida 860
686. Sterna havelli, Aud. Havell’s Tern. Texas to South Carolina 861
687. Sterna trudeauii, Aud. Trudeau’s Tern. Coasts of New Jersey and Long Island- 861
688. Sterna fuliginosa, Gmelin. The Sooty Tern. Texas to Florida 861
689. Sterna wilsoni, Bon. Wilson’s Tern. Texas to Labrador ' 861
LIV
LIST OF SPECIES.
Page.
690. Sterna macroura , Naum. The Arctic Tern. Coast of the New England States to
the Arctic seas; fur countries • • • • • • • • • * 862
691. Sterna forsteri , Nutt. Forster’s Tern. Louisiana to Florida; New York; fur
countries, and California * * * * 862
692. Sterna paradisea, Briinn. The Roseate Tern. Florida to New York 863
693. Sterna pikei, Lawr. The Slender-billed Tern. Coast of California 863
694. Sterna frenata, Gambel. The Least Tern. Texas to Labrador; western rivers • • 864
695. Hydrochelidon plumbea, (Wils.) The Short- tailed Tern. Texas to the New England
States; Mississippi rivers and tributaries; fur countries - ■ • • • • • ■ 864
696. Anous stolidus, (Linn.) Leach. Noddy Tern. Texas to Florida - • • • • • ...... .... 865
697. Bhynchops nigra, Linn. Black Skimmer. From Texas to New Jersey • 866
698. Colymbus torquatus, Brunnich. Loon ; Northern Diver. Northern regions of
northern hemisphere • ■ • 888
699. Colymbus arctieus, Linn. Black-throated Diver. Arctic regions of northern hemis-
phere • • • - - - - ■ • • • • * * • 888
700. Colymbus pacificus, Lawrence. Pacific Diver. Pacific coast of United States ••• • 889
701. Colymbus septentrioncdis, Linn. Red-throated Diver. Northern hemisphere • •••• 890
702. Podiceps griseigena , (Bodd.) Gray. Red-necked Grebe. Northern hemisphere.
American bird perhaps distinct • • • 892
703. Podiceps cristatus , (Linn.) Lath. Crested Grebe. Northern hemisphere. Per-
haps a second species on Pacific coast, (P. cooperi.) 893
704. Podiceps occidentals, Lawr. Western Grebe. Pacific coast of United States ••• • 894
705. Podiceps clarldi, Lawr. Clark’s Grebe. New Mexico and California 895
706. Podiceps cornutus, (Gm.) Latham. Horned Grebe. North America- ........... 895
707. Podiceps calif or nicus, Heermann. California Grebe. Western North America- • • 896
708. Podiceps auritus , (Linn.) Lath. Eared Grebe. Northern Europe; accidental (?)
in North America • • • • • • • • • • 897
709. Podylimbus podiceps , (Linn.) Lawr. North America- .......... 898
7 10. Alca (Clienabpex ) impennis, Linn. Great Auk. Arctic Seas; south to Newfoundland. 900
711. Alca ( Utamania ) torda, Linn. Razor-billed Auk. Arctic Seas; south to New Jersey • 901
713. Mormon (Lunda) cirrhata, (Pallas,) Bon. Tufted Puffin. North Pacific Ocean ;
Arctic Seas, south to California ............................. 902
713. Mormon (Fratercula) corniculata, Naumann. The Horned Puffin. Northern Seas • 902
814. Mormon (Fratercula) glacialis, Leach. Sea Parrot; Puffin. Northern Seas - ...... 903
715. Mormon (Fratercula) arctica , (Linn,) Illiger. Puffin. North Atlantic* 903
716. Sagmatorrhina labradoria, (Gmelin,) Cassin. North Pacific* 904
717. Cerorhina monocerata, (Pallas,) Cassin. North Pacific Coasts; south to California- 905
718. Cerorhina sucldeyi , Cassin. Puget Sound 906
719. Phaleris ( SimorhyncMs ) cristateLlus , (Pallas,) Bon. Coasts of North Pacific ...... 906
720. Phaleris ( Tylorliamphus ) tetracula , (Pallas,) Stephens. Coasts of North Pacific* • • • 907
721. Phaleris (Tylorhomphus) camtschatica, (Lepechin,) Cassin. Coasts of North America 908
722. Phaleris ( Ciceronia ) microceros , Brandt. Coasts of North Pacific- ■ • 908
723. Phaleris ( Ciceronia ) pusillus, Pallas. Asiatic coast of North Pacific; American do* 909
724. Ptychorhamphus aleuticus, (Pallas,) Brandt. American Coast of North Pacific, south
to California •••••• 910
LIST OF SPECIES. LV
Page.
725. Ombria psittacula, (Pallas,) Eschsch. Coast of North Pacific 910
726. Uria(Uria) grylle, (Linnaeus,) Latham. Guillemot. Arctic and Northern Seas.
South to New Jersey 911
727. Uria ( TJria) columba, (Pallas,) Cassin. Coasts of North Pacific 912
728. Uria (Uria) carlo , Pallas. Northern coasts of North Pacific 913
729. Uria { Catarades ) lomvia , Briinnich. Poolish Guillemot. Arctic Seas and North
Atlantic 913
730. Uria {Catarades) ringvia, Briinnich. Murre. Arctic and Northern Seas; south
to California 914
731. Uria { Catarades ) arra , Pallas. Thick-billed Guillemot. Arctic Seas and North
Atlantic ; south to New Jersey 915
732. Brachyrhamphus {. Apobapton ) marmoratus , (Gmelin,) Brandt. Marbled Guillemot.
American coasts of North Pacific. California 915
733. Brachyrhamphus (Apobapton) wrangelii, Brandt. Aleutian Islands 917
734. Brachgrhampjlius {Apobapton) brachypjterus, Brandt. Unalaschka 917
735. Brachyrhamphus {Apobapton) kitilitzii, Brandt. Kamtschatka; North Pacific 917
736. Brachyrhamphus {, Syntliliborliamphus ) antiquus, (Gmelin,) Brandt. Gray-headed Auk.
Northwestern coast, America • 916
737. Brachyrhamphus {Apobapton) temminckii, Brandt. Coast of North Pacific; Puget’s
sound 916
738. Mergulus able, (Linnaeus,) Vieillot. Sea Dove. Dove-kie. Arctic Seas and
North Atlantic ; south to New Jersey 918
The following birds are enumerated in the preceding list which are not legitimately entitled
to a place in the fauna of North America, (exclusive of Mexico.) Some of them have been
described in the report for the purpose of comparison with closely allied species of the United
States ; others are mentioned because introduced by previous writers, though probably on
erroneous data. Future investigations will doubtless result in the removal of others from the
list now retained there:
No. 4. Cathartes burrovianus, Cassin. Mexico.
63. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, Bon. Mexico.
71. *Campephilus imperialis, Gray. Mexico.
Dryotomus lineatus.^) Mexico ; South America.
129. *Tyrannus melancholicus, Vieill. South Mexico.
132. Myiarchus cooperi, Baird. Mexico.
171. *Geothlypis velatus, Cab. Southern West Indies and South America.
216. Cardellina rubra, Bonap. Mexico.
219. Setophaga miniata, Sw. Mexico.
224. Euphonia elegantissima, Gray. Mexico.
244. *Vireo virescens, VieiU.Q) South America. (?)
292. Parus meridionalis, Sclater. South Mexico.
297. Psaltriparus melanotus, Bon. Guatemala.
298. Carpodacus haemorrhous, Sdater. Mexico.
311. *Chrysomi tris stanleyi, Bonap. South America.
1 No N rtb American specimens seen.
LVI
LIST OF SPECIES.
312. *Chrysomitris yarrelli, Bonap. South America.
350. Junco cinereus, Sclater. Mexico.
405. Trupialis militaris, Bon. South America.
408. ^Icterus vulgaris, Daud.(}) South America.
410. Icterus melanocephalus, Gray. Mexico.
494. Butorides brunnescens, Baird. Cuba.
498. *Ibis rubra, L.(}) West Indies, Cuba, and South America.
514. *Haematopus ater, VieiU. South America.
Total of species, 23 ; of which one is not mentioned in the list, leaving 22. Of the 23
species, nine marked with an asterisk are given by Mr. Audubon.
The following species, claiming to be actually inhabitants of North America, have not been
described from the specimens, none haying been procurable for the purpose. Of several of
them no specimens are known in any collection :
Haliaelitus washingtonii.
Regulus cuvierii.
Dendroica montana.
carbonata.
Myiodioctes minutus.
bonapartii.
iEgiothus canescens.
Leucosticte griseinucha.
arctous.
Lagopus americanus.
Chloephaga canagica.
Polysticta stelleri. (])
Oidemia bimaculata.
Somateria v-nigra.
Graculus perspicillatus.
cincinnatus.
Thalassidroma hornbyi.
melania.
Larus chalcopterus.
Rissa brevirostris.
nivea.
Pagophila brachytarsi.
Rhodostethia rosea.
Creagrus furcatus.
Xema sabinni.
Chroicocephalus minutus.^)
Podiceps auritus. (J)
Sagmatorhina labradoria.
Brachyrhamphus kittlitzii.
wrangelii.
brachypterus.
Total — 31 species.
The following species are probably accidental visitors only, and are not yet entitled to a
permanent place in our fauna :
Milvulus tyrannus. Heliornis surinamensis. (2)
Saxicola cenanthe. Mareca penelope.
Chrysomitris magellanicus. Nettion crecca.
Philomachus pugnax. Erismatura dominica.
Crex pratensis. Mergellus albellus. — Total, 10 species.
SUMMARY.
Species enumerated in the list 738
Of these, extralimital 22
Total of North American species(3) 716
North American birds given by Wilson in 1814 283
North American birds given by Bonaparte, 1838 471
North American birds given by Audubon in 1844 • • • • 506
1 No North American specimen seen. s Not enumerated in the list.
* Of these no specimens at all, of 28 species, were to he procured in this country for examination, and extralimital ones
only of 3 others. Many supposed species are referred to in different parts of the report ; some of which may prove genuine.
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