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CATALOGUE
OF THE
SPECIMENS OF AMPHIBIA
THE COLLECTION
OF THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
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PARTY Jf.
BATRACHIA GRADIENTIA, ETC.
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PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
LONDON: 1850.
(i
PREFACE...
THE first part of this Catalogue, containing the Toads and
Frogs, or Tailless Batrachians, will shortly follow; but so
many additional specimens of these animals have been re-
ceived in the Museum since the MS. was put into type,
that it is considered advisable to defer its appearance until
they can be examined, and the new ones described.
The part now printed contains the Tailed Amphibia, or
Salamanders, Newts, and Sirens.
MM. Duméril and Bibron have not yet described the spe-
cimens of these families, and the death of M. Bibron, it is
to be feared, has indefinitely deferred the appearance of the
remainder of their work.
J. KE. GRAY.
British Museum,
June 1. 1850.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
The names in italic are desiderata in the Museum Collection.
Page Page
Orver I. BATRACHIA. Xiphonura Jeffersoniana . 84
Ambystoma Caroline . => SB
Suzorrer I. SALIENTIA. tigrinum ON Nis ad =
(See Part I.) talpoideum : ch, oo
opacum . . : - 36
Susorver II]. GRADIENTIA., punctulatum . : Af
macrodactylum : Sn
Fam. I. SaraManpRIp&. Hi vapete j _ 37
Salamandra nigra . : . 16 episcopus : hd baat f
maculosa. : - 16 erythronotum : eupeue
Pleurodeles Waltl : oe 2 Haldemani . : . 38
Triton Poiretii . : Se 2? frontale ; - J 38
cristatus ae 19 | Plethodon glutinosum 39
marmoratus . 20 granulatum 39
alpestris : : 21 | Desmognathus niger 40
Notophthalmus miniatus 22 fuscus : 40
viridescens : 23 auriculatus . 41
Euproctus platycephalus . 24 | Hemidactylum scutatum 41
Cynops pyrrhogaster 25 | Batrachoseps attenuatus 42
Taricha torosa 25 quadridigitatus 42
lugubris . : 26 | Spelerpes longicauda 43
Bradybates ventricosus . 2,26 cirrigera 44
Lophinus punctatus Heed bilineata 44
palmatus : : 28 guttolineata 45
Ommatotriton vittatus . 29 rubra 45
Seiranota perspicillata . 29 montana 46
salmonea 46
Fam. [I]. Motrew.s. porphyritica 46
Hynobius nebulosus (Japan). 30 Bellii 46
Molge striata (Japan) . 31 | Geotriton fuscus 47
Cidipus variegatus 48
Fam. III. Prersoponmips. Ensatina Eschscholtzii 48
Onyehodactylus japonicus 33 | Axolotl : : : 49
Heterotriton ingens : 33 | Axolotes maculata ‘ 50
6 SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page Page
Ichthyophis glutinosus . . 60
Orver II. PSPEUDOSAURIA. Rhinatrema bivittatum . i
Fam. I. Proronopsip&.
Sieboldia maxima . ‘ ae Orver IV.
Protonopsis horrida ; . Ss PSEUDOICHTHYAS. |
fusca : : i . 54
Fam. I. Lerprposirenipz&.
Fam. I]. AmpuHiumip&. Lepidosiren paradoxa Qn . oe
Pe piinme means «5B ae ei amnetia ; ; Me
Murenopsis tridactyla . 55 ASO ee : :
Orver III. PSEUDOPHIDIA. Oxver V. MEANTIA,
Fam. I. Proreinz,
Fam. I. Cacinupz.
fee a erdeilic . Bm Proteus anguinus . : . Ce
une : ; Necturus maculosus . 66
tentaculata. ‘ oie) ;
: | lateralis . ° : oT
compressicauda : oh 58
ee ne eaten Wer ee Fam. II. Srrenipz.
oxyura ; . - 58
squalostoma . : - 59] Siren lacertina : . . 68
Siphonops interrupta. Kt BO intermedia . : . 69
mexicana : : . 591 Pseudobranchus striatus . - | 69
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
EUROPE.
Salamandra nigra pierce )
maculosa :
Pleurodeles Waltl .
Triton cristatus
marmoratus
alpestris
Euproctus petal (Cor- }
sica and Sardinia)
Bradybates ventricosus (Spain)
_ Lophinus punctatus :
palmatus : °
Seiranota perspicillata .
Geotriton fuscus (Italy) .
- Proteus anguinus :
N. ASIA.
Ommatotriton vittatus (Syria)
S. ASIA.
Cecilia oxyura (Malabar)
Ichthyophis aes eae
lon) . : :
JAPAN,
Cynops pyrrhogaster
Hynobius nebulosus’ .
Molge striatus
Onychodactylus j japonicus
Sieboldia maxima
N. AFRICA.
Pleurodeles Walt] re
Triton Poireti :
29
58
W. AFRICA.
Cecilia squalostoma
Protopterus annectens
rhinocryptis
N. AMERICA, East Coasr.
Notopthalmus miniatus
viridescens
Xiphonura J effersoniana
Ambystoma Caroline
tigrinum
talpoideum
opacum . . :
episcopus
erythronotum
Haldemani
frontale .
Plethodon glutinosum
granulatum
Desmognathus niger
Suscus
auriculatus
Hemidactylum scutatum
Batrachoseps quadridigitatus .
Spelerpes longicauda {
cirrigera
bilineata
guttolineata
rubra
montana . °
salmonea
porphyritica
Protonopsis horrida
fusea,' .. ,
Amphiuma means
A4
Page
Murenopsis tridactyla . . 55] Batrachoseps attenuatus . 42
Necturus maculosus . . 66 Bellii. : : . 46
lateralis .. . . 67| CHdipus variegatus . . 48
Siren lacertina (Carolina) . 68 {| Ensatina Eschscholtzii . - 480
intermedia (Texas) . 69
Pseudobranchus striatus . . 69 TROPICAL AMERICA.
N. AMERICA, Wesr Coast. | ©@°li# gracilis” =) Saas
tentaculata . ; .
Taricha torosa (California) . 25 compressicauda 2 , ie
lugubris . ‘ . » 25 rostrata . 3 . . 68
?Heterotriton ingens. - 331 Siphonops interrupta . . 59
Ambystoma punctulatum . 37 mexicana. a Sn
macrodactylum : - 37) Rhinotrema bivittatum . cite
mavortium . . . 871 Lepidosiren paradora . . 62
CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Cuass IV. AMPHIBIA.,
Animal furnished with a distinct bony skeleton.
Skin naked, and without any bony case; very rarely with very
small embedded scales.
Body variable in form.
Skull with two occipital condyles.
Head without any distinct neck.
Toes (almost always) without claws.
fibs none, or short. Sternum often distinct.
Male without any prominent generative organs.
Respiring by cellular lungs, and often by external gills, which
generally fall off as the animal reaches adult age.
Eggs with a soft shell.
Young subject to a metamorphosis. :
Amphibia, Reptiles, seu A. Reptilia (partim), Zinn. Syst. Nat. ed.
©... 3.
Sebze (seu Amphibia) Reptilia (part.) Scovol, Introd H. N. 460.
1777. .
Batrachia Tschudi, Batrach. 1838.
Batraciens Brongniart, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1799; Duméril, Zool.
Anal. 1806.
Batrachia (and Ophidia part.) Rajin. Annal. Nat. 74.1815.
Les Batraciens (et Serpents nus) Cuvier, Iég. Anim. ii. 88. ed.
2 i 101.
Reptilia Batrachia Oppel. Rept. 1811.
Amphibiens Blainv. Org. Anim. i. tab. 5. 1822.
Batrachia, Reptiles Ictyoides ou Nudipelliféres Blainy. Bul. Soc.
Philom. 1816, 119.
Amphibia Batrachii Cuv.; Eichwald, Zool. Spec. iii. 163.
Dipnoa Leuck. ; Fitz. Nat. N. Class. 63. 1826, Syst. Rept. 1843.
Dipnoa, or Diplonoa, Batrachia Bonap. Amph. Eur. 10. 1839;
Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino, i. 1839.
& 5
10 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Synopsis of Orders.
A. Nostrils enclosed in a bony case ; the internal nostrils opening
into the middle of the palate—TRrirongs.
Order I. Barracuta.
Gill well developed, vanishing in adult age. Adult with four
limbs. |
Order II. Psruposavuria.
Gill rudimentary or internal. Body with four legs.
Order III. Psrupopuip1a.
Gill rudimentary or internal. Body cylindrical. Legs none.
B. Nostrils not enclosed in a bony case ; the internal nostrils opening
between the lips and the bones of the palate.—S1RENEs.
Order IV. Psrvuporcuruyas.
Gill internal. External skin scaly.
Order V. Meantta. 4
Gill well developed, retained throughout life. Skin naked.
Or they may be divided according to the structure of the skull,
and arranged thus: 7
Subclass I. LacerTINI.—Skull formed of separate bones. Gills
of the young (and, rarely, of the adult animal) well de-
veloped and exposed. Skin naked.
Order V. Mzantta.
Gill permanent. Internal nostrils in inner edge of lip.
Order I. Batracuta.
Gill deciduous. Nostrils in a bony case, internal nostril
in palate.
Subclass Il. [curuyop1.— Skull solid, the bones united together.
Gills enclosed under skin, often early deciduous. Neck
with brachial holes. Skin with embedded scales, Body
elongate, tailed.
~ Order II. Psreuposavurta.
Internal nostril in palate. Body depressed. Legs four.
Scales minute, embedded.
BATRACHIA. ll
Order ITI. PsEvpoPHmpra.
Internal nostrils in palate. Body subcylindrical. Legs
none. Scales minute, embedded.
Order IV. PsrupoIcHTHYAS.
Internal nostrils in the inner edge of upper lip. Body
compressed. Legs four, rudimentary. Scales large.
A, Trironss. — The nostrils enclosed in a bony case ; the internal
nostrils opening on the sides of the middle of the palate.
Orper I. BATRACHIA.
Skull formed of separate bones.
Nostrils enclosed in a bony case; the internal nostrils opening on
the sides of the middle of the palate.
Gills of the young (and rarely of the adult animals) well developed
and exposed.
Skin naked, smooth.
Body of young elongate.
Tail often deciduous.
Legs four, rarely only two.
Batraciens Brongniart, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1799; Duméril, Zool.
Anal. 1806.
Batrachia Rajfin. Anal. Nat. 74. 1815.
Batrachia and Hemibatrachia Pitz. Syst. Rept. 30. 38.
Amphibia Caducibranches Latr. Fam. Nat. 1823.
Divide into two Suborders thus : —
Suborder I. S4LrenTIA.
Body short, depressed, without any tail.
Suborder II. GRADIENTIA.
Body elongate, tapering, tailed.
The details of the first Suborder are given in Part I.
A 6
Fig. 10.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
TABLE III.
Palatine surface of the skull of the* larva of Triton marmorata,
p. 20., from Dugés, Batrach. p.157. t.14. f. 89,, and Van der —
Hoeven, t.1. f. 1.
. Palatine surface of the skull of the adult Triton marmorata,
p. 20., from Dugés, |. c. p. 157. t. 14. f. 86.
. Palatine surface of the skull of the Azoloél, from Cuvier, Os.
Fos. v. t. 27. f..25. p. 415.
. Reduced figure of palatine surface of skull of Cynops pyrrhogas-
ter, p. 25., from Tschudi, Batr. 1.2. f. 5. b., and Sal. subcris-
tata, Fauna Jupon. Batr. t. 5. f. 8.
. Reduced figure of palatine surface of skull of Moige striata, —
p. 31., copied from Sal. nevia, Fauna Japon. Batr. t. 5. f. 10.
. Reduced figure of palatine ‘surface of skull of Anychodactylus
japonicus, p. 33., copied from Sal. unguiculata, Fauna Japon.
Batr, t. 5. f. 6.
TABLE IV.
. Palatine surface of skull of Proteus anguinus, p.65., copied from
Cuvier, Os. Fos. v. t. 27. f..15
. Palatine surface of skull of Stren lacertina, p. 68., copied from
Cuvier, Os. Fos. v. t. 27. f. 3.
. Palatine surface of skull of Protonopsis horrida, p. 53., from
Van der Hoeven, Tijdschrift, 1838, t. 1. f. 4.
. Palatine surface of skull of Cecilia, from Dugés, Batr. t. 14.
f, 93. p. 161.
. Palatine surface of skull of Lepidosiren paradoxa, p. 62., copied
and reduced from Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. xiv. t. 7. f. 6.
. Palatine surface of head of Murenopsis tridactyla, p. 55., copied
from Owen, Odont. t. 62. f.7. (part only).
i —
Ford & George, Imp.
14
7 Wing, lith
ee =) ae én a
20
aV "J NI VIVA VY
7
a 2
G Lug Mh
A) LEA NAA aan,
———————_—_—
orge, limp
(Ss
&G
Fore &
W Wing, hth.
13
Suborder I]. GRADIENTIA.
Body elongate, tailed in all ages. Limbs four, weak, small, equal.
Gills well developed in the young, decaying as the animal arrives
at full age, very rarely retained through life.
Teeth in both jaws, and often in the palate.
Ears hidden.
Internal nostrils in middle of palate, surrounded by bone.
Vent longitudinal.
Skin naked, smooth, or warty.
Sternum and claviceule none.
Ribs distinct or rudimentary.
_ Eggs elliptical, isolated, deposited separately at different
periods, hatched in succession.
Larva elongate, conical, compressed behind. Gills exposed,
on the side of the neck, over the three or four branchial slits.
Fore and hind legs developed nearly at the same time. The gills
are sometimes retained for a longer period, and are rarely even
found withered on the side of the neck of the adult specimens.
Gradientia Laur. Rept. 1768.
Quadrupedes ovipari caudati (partim) Lacép. Quadr. 1. 1788.
Batrac. Urodéles Duméril, Zool. Anal. 1806.
Batrac. caudata Oppel. Rept. 1811.
Batrac. gradientia mutabilia Merrem, Tent. 1820.
Amph. caducibranchia Urodela Dum. Fam. Nat. 1825.
Rane Phaneroglosse (part.) Wagler, Syst. 1830.
Amph. Urodela Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 218.; Bell, Todd’s Cyclop.
Med. 1835; Swains. Cab. Cyc. i. 342.
B. urophora (part.) Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839.
B. tetrapoda et dipoda Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839.
A. Monopneumena caducibranchia Hogg, |. c. 1841.
A. M. caducibr. arcucadentia (part.) Hogg, 1. c. 19.
Salamandrina Muller, Isis, 1831, 710. 7
A. prolatibranchia (part.) Hogg, Ann. Mag. N. H. 1841, 361.
Salamandrine Tschudi, Batr. 1838, 26. 91.
Urodelia Rafin. Annal. Nat. 78. 1815.
Urodeli Eichwald, Zool. Spec. ii. 164.
Ranz (Salamandride) Bonap. Faun. Ital. ti. 4. 181., Amph. Eur.
i. 1839.
Salamandra Brongn. Cuvier, R. A. ii. 15.
Pseudosauriens ou Salamandres Blainv. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1816, 111.
B. U. atretodera Baird, Amer. Batrach. 281. 1849.
A ied "
14 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Hemibatrachia Fitz. S. R. 33.
Atretodéres ou Salamandroides Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gen. viii. 92.
Salamandride (partim) Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839; Bonap. Amph.
Eur. i. 71.
Tritonia Rajin. Annal. Nat. 78. 1815.
Salamandride Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 215.
Rafinesque names, but does not describe, three genera in this
suborder, viz. PatmreTsEs, Lorpuinus, MErnvs.
Synopsis of Families.
I. SaLamanpripD#. Palate with teeth on the inner hinder edge
of the elongate palatine bones, in two diverging series.
Sphenoid toothless. ‘t. 3. f. 11. 13.
II. Motaip#z. Palate with teeth on the outer hinder edge of
the elongated palatine bones, in two converging series.
Sphenoid toothless. t. 3. f. 14.
III. PLeTHODONTID#. Palatine teeth in a short series across the
hinder end of each short vomerine bone, forming a cross
band behind each internal nostril, and the sphenoid often
covered with teeth. t.3. f. 15.
Fam. L SALAMANDRIDA.
Palatine teeth in two longitudinal series; one on the inner hinder
edge of each of the elongated triangular vomerine bones.
Sphenoid toothitess. +. 3. f. 11. 13.
Skull with a bony orbit above the eyes ; sometimes wanting.
Tongue broad, attached only slightly, free on the sides, and more
or less behind.
Ribs rarely developed and mobile; generally rudimentary, immov-
able, or entirely wanting.
Salamandride Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 215.
Cryptopleura (part.) Fitz. S. R. 33.
Elophile (part.) Fitz. S. R. 33.
Hydrophil Fitz. S. R. 33.
Salamandrine (part.) Fitz. S. BR. 33.
Tritones Tschudi, Batrac.; Fitz. S. ft. 34.
Salamandre (part.) T'schudi, Batr. t. ; Fitz. S. R. 33.
Salamandrina (part.) Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 181., Amph. Eur. Ay hae
:
|
:
q
vo. -,
SALAMANDRIDZ. 15
_ Pheneropleura et Cryptopleura (part.) Fitz. S. R. 32.
Pleurodeles. Tschudi, Batr. 56. 91.; Pitz. S. R. 33.
Pleurodelina Bonap. Faun. Ital. ii. 171., Amph. Eur.
10.
Synopsis of Genera.
. Tongue moderate, attached; hinder and side edges scarcely
free. Toes 4:5.
. Palatine Teeth in two series, extending before the internal
nostrils.
. SatamanpRA. Back with a series of perforated warts. Paro-
tids large, glandular.
. Purvropexes. Sides with a series of holes perforated by the
ribs, and a line of pores between the axilla and the groin.
. Palatine teeth in two series, commencing on a line with the
internal nostrils.
. Triton. Granular. Sides with a series of pores between the
axilla and the groin. Tongue oblong. Tail compressed.
Parotids porous, distinct.
. NoroputHaitmus. Granular. Sides with a series of pores be-
tween axilla and groin. Tongue oblong. Tail compressed.
Parotids none.
. Evprocrus. Granular. Tongue rhombic. Vent with a co-
nical protuberance. Tail compressed, round at the base.
. Cynors. Granular. Sides not porous. Parotids large, com-
pressed. ‘Tail compressed.
. Taricua. Granular. Sides not porous. Parotids indistinct.
Tail compressed.
. Brapypates. Granular. Tongue very small. Tail round at
the base.
. Lopuinus. Smooth. Sides poreless. Palatine teeth in two
separate series. Orbit in palate small.
Ommatotriton. Smooth. Sides poreless. Palatine teeth in
a crowded series. Orbit in palate very large, convex.
B. Tongue large, hinder half free. Toes 4:4. Palatine teeth in
il.
two series.
Serranota. Granular.
16 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
A. Tongue moderate, attached ; hinder and side edges scarcely free.
Toes 4:5.— Salamandrina.
a. The back with a series of pierced warts on each side.
1. SALAMANDRA.
Head thick. Eyes large. Mouth large. Tongue broad, fixed in
front, granular; hinder part and sides scarcely free. Palatine
teeth in two separate longitudinal series, parallel behind, but —
rather wider apart and arched in front. Parotids large, glan-
dular, flat-topped.—Body with two series of glands down the
back and tail, each ending in a pore; lateral line simple, with a
group of pores on each side.—Feet very minute.—Toes 4:5,
free. — Tail roundish.— Skin smooth.— Ribs slightly developed,
not movable.—Females viviparous.
Rusconi and Cuvier have observed that in the young animal
the whole vomerine is covered with teeth. Cuvier, Os. Foss.
v. 418.
Salamandra Laur. Rept. 41.; Dum. Zool. Anal. 95.; Oppel. Rept.
74. 80.; Cuvier, R. A. 1. 99. ed. 2. 11. 115.; Merrem, Tent. 184.;
Rafin. Annal. Nat. 78.1815; Bonap. Fauna Ital. 1. 131., Amph.
Eur. 66.; T’schudi, Batrach. 56, 91.; Fitz. S. R.23.; Gray, Ann.
Phil. 1825, 215.
1. SALAMANDRA NIGRA. Black Salamander.
Black, spotless. Skin rugose, with papille; lateral warts very
prominent. ‘Toes depressed.
Salamandra atra Laur. Rept. 42. 149. t. 1. f.2.; Latr. Rept. ii.
218.; Daud. Rept. vii. 215.; Merrem, Tent. 184.; Bonap. Fauna
yo As ellis Oana
Lacerta Salamandra B. Gmelin, S. N. 1. 1067.
Lacerta atra Wolf, Sturm, Deutsch. Fauna, t.
a. In spirits. Styria. From Leyden Museum.
2. SALAMANDRA MACULOSA. Salamander.
Black, yellow-spotted ; warts on the sides numerous, prominent.
Lacerta Salamandra Linn. Mus. Ad. Fred. 1. 45., Syst. N. 1371.;
Gmelin, S. N. 1. 1067.; Latr. Rept. i. 194. ;
Salamandra maculosa Laur. Rept. 42.151.; Gravenh. ; Wagler,
B Fitz. ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. t. , Amph. Eur, 67.; Fitz.
SALAMANDRIDZ : SALAMANDRA, PLEURODELES. 17
S. maculata Werrem, Tent. 185.; Tschudi, Batr. 91.
S. vulgaris Cloquet, Dict. Sci. Nat. xlvii. 50.
Salamandra terrestris Wurfb. ; Ray, Syn. 273.; Daud. Rept. vii. 221.
t. 97. f.1.; Schlegel, ; Funke,
Salamandra Gresner, Quad. ov. 80 fig.
Salamandra Corsica Savi, N. Giorn. Pisa, 1839, 208.; Bonap. —
Fauna Ital.t .f. ., Amph. Eur. 67. (with anomalous teeth.)
OstEoL. Cuvier, Os. Fos. v. 406. t. 25. f. 1, 9. 10.
Anat. Dugés, Batrac. t.
a. In spirits. Sardinia. Presented by Professor Bonelli.
b—d. In spirits. Europe.
e. In spirits. Black; back with two yellow streaks; belly
with large yellow spots on each side. Portugal. Pre-
sented by P. B. Webb, Esq.
f. In spirits. Yellow; back with three broad black streaks.
S. Europe. Portugal. Presented by P. B. Webb, Esq.
g. In spirits. Hungary. Black, with roundish yellow spots.
Mr. Brandt’s collection. é
b. The sides with a line of small pores between the axilla and groin.
2. PLEURODELES.
Head rounded, rather depressed. ‘Tongue small, nearly circular,
adherent, edges slightly free. Parotids porous. Eyelid equal.
— limbs long. — Toes 4:5, free, clawless, elongate. — Tail
long, thin, compressed at the base.— Teeth very small, acute, on.
the inner edge of the jaws. Palatine teeth in two distant longi-
tudinal series, united by an arch in front, near the maxillary
teeth, much in front of the line of the internal nostrils— Ribs
perfect, fourteen pair, pointed, perforating the skin.—Orbit with ©
a peculiar bony arch above.
Pleurodeles Michahelles, Isis, 1830, 195.; Tschudi, Batr. 56. 91.;
Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 113., Amph. Eur. 65.; Fitz. S. R. 33.
1. PLEURODELES WALTL.
Brown spotted, with a series of white specks on each side; beneath
pale yellowish, black-speckled. Tail rather longer than rest of
the body.
Pleurodeles Waltl Michah. Isis, 1830, 195. t.2.; Bonap. Fauna
ftal. t. . f.5.; Tschudi, Batr. 91. t.2. f.1., Mém. Sci. Nat.
eke) Pe, 8S. 33. ~
Th) Re
eye
P \
é
|
18 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
a. In spirits. Tangier. Skin tubercular, with a black-brown |
horny wart in the centre of each tubercle. Back not
crested. Tail compressed, with a continued fringe on
edge. Grey-brown above, with a series of roundish white
spots on each side; beneath whitish. Length 34 inches,
tail 74 inches. The tail longer ; gill in a very rudiment-
ary condition. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection.
b. In spirits. Tangier. Tail shorter, the gill remaining in
a contracted state on each side. From Mr. Fraser’s
Collection.
c,d. In spirits. Young. §. Europe? Presented by P. B.
Webb, Esq.
3. TRITON.
Head rounded, convex; crown rather flat. Tongue large, oval,
papillary, sides free, pointed in front. Palatine teeth numerous,
in two separate longitudinal series, rather diverging behind the
front, and nearly on a line with the internal nostrils. Max-
illary teeth rather large. Parotids porous, a group of pores on
the lores, and a line of pores on each side between the legs.—
Skin soft, granular.— Tail compressed, almost the length of the
body. — Toes elongate, slender, free or lobed, or imperfectly
palmated. Plantar warts distinct——Ribs very short, slender.
The lips of the old specimens become enlarged, dependent.
Triton, sect. 1. Gray in Griffith's A. K. ix,
Triton Bell, Brit. Rept. 119.; Fitz. S. R. 32.; Bonap. Amph. Eur.
21., Fauna Ital. ii. 131. n. 16.
Triton sp. Laur. Rept. 37.; Duméril, Z. A. 95.; Oppel. Rept. 254.;
Cuvier, R. A. 11. 99.3; Gray, Ann. Phil. 1828, 215.; Tschudi, Batr.
60. 95. (not Linn. nor Lamck.) 7 3
Triturus Rafin. Annal. Nat. 78. 1815.
Oiacurus Leuckart.
Glossoliga Bonap. Fauna Ital. 1. 131.
Molge sp. Merrem, Tent. 185. 1820.
Larva:
Ichthyosaurus Latr. Rept. (not Keenig.)
Proteus, part. Laur. Rept.
1. Triton Porrett.
Pale whitish (in spirits, perhaps bleached), with irregular purplish
brown spots. ‘Tail longer than the body and head, rather square ~
at the base, then compressed with a sharp upper and lower
edge. oe 2
<- <2
<5 ee
SALAMANDRIDZ: TRITON. 19
Salamandra major Gray in Griffith’s A. K. ix.
Sal. fenestrata Mus. Paris.
Triton nebulosus Guich. Explor. Sci. Alger. Rept. t. 4. f. 1. (no
text).
Tene Poireti Gervais, Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat. 1835, vi. 313., Ann.
Sci. Nat. vii. 312.
Lacerta palustris ? Poiret, Voy. Barb. i. 290. (not Linn.)
?Glossoliga Poireti Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 131. t. . f..3. (young) ;
Fitz. 8. R. 33.
a. In spirits. N. Africa?
b. In spirits. Young? N. Africa? ‘Tail short, very acute,
only as long as the body, with an even membranous fin
on each edge. Back and tail brown-spotted.
2. TRITON CRISTATUS.
Blackish, black-spotted ; sides minutely white-dotted. ‘Tail with
a lanceolate bluish longitudinal band, rather below the middle ;
lower edge yellow or orange. Belly yellow or red, with rows
of black spots, the middle spot often confluent. Parotids po-
rous. A series of pores on each side of the back, and along
each side of the belly, continued over the under side of the
limbs, forking in front, going over and under the eyes. The line
over the eyes and in front of the orbit is formed of two or three
- series. Lips of adult dilated, enlarged.
Male in breeding season: dorsal and caudal crest toothed,
and separated by a notch at the loins. Female and male in
winter: crest none; lower edge of tail orange. (Penn. B. Z.
iu. t. 4.3; Laur. Rept. t. 2. f. 4.)
Young olive-brown, dorsal line yellow; abdomen orange,
black-spotted ; lower edge of tail orange-red.
Triton cristatus Laur. Rept. 39.146. ; Tschudi, Batrach. 95.; Fitz.
S. R. 34.; Bell, Brit. Rept. 119. fig. (adult); Bonap. Fauna
Ttal.t. .f.1.2.; Bibron, P. Z. S. 1838, 23.
Lacerta palustris Linn. S. N. 1. 370.; Sturm, Faun. Germ. t.
T. americanus Laur. Rept. 49., from Seba, Thes, t. 89. f. 4, 5.
?Lac. americana Houtt. ; Gmelin, S. N. 1. 1065,
Lac. aquatica a. Gmelin, S. N.i. 1065. (not Linn.)
Lac. lacustris Blumenb. Handb. 248.
Salamandra palustris Schneid. Amph. 1. 60.
Lac. porosa Retzius, Faun, Suec. 1.288. 3
Salamandra cristata Schneider, Amph. i. 57.3; Daud. Rept. viii.
233.; Cuvier, R. A. 1. 100. ed. 2. 11. 116.
S. platyura Daubent.
S. laticauda Bonnat, Enc. Meth. t. 2. f. 4.
20 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Molge palustris Merrem, Tent. 187.; Gravenh. Delic. Mus. Vrat. —
85 on
Salamandra platicauda Rusconi, t. 1. f. 3, 4., t. 2. f. 1, 2.
Lacertus aquaticus Gesner, Quad. ov. 31. fig.
Salamandra aquatica Ray.
Triton Bibroniu Bell, Brit. Rept. 129. fig. (young.)
Triton marmoratus Bibron, Proc. Z. Soc. 1838, 23. (not Latr.)
Salamandra carnifex Schneider, Amph. i. 71.
Lac. palustris 6. Gmelin, S. N. i. 1065.
Triton carnifex Laur. 38. t. 2. f. 3.; Bonap. Fauna Ital. t. . f.3.
S. pruniata Schneid. Amph. i. 69.
Larva, Penn. B. Z. iii. t. 4.
Ostxrou. Cuvier, Os. Fos. vii. 8. t. 26. f. 6,7, 8.3; Dugés, Batrac. t.
a. In spirits. Not crested. Exeter. Presented by W. E.
Leach, M.D.
b. In spirits. Not crested. Wandsworth. Presented by
W. E. Leach, M.D. :
c,d. In spirits. Half-grown. Bayswater. Presented by R.
Latham, Esq.
T. Bibronu Bell, Brit. Rept. 129.
e—g. Larve in different stages. Cobham, Surrey. Pre-
sented by W. E. Leach, M.D.
h—k. In spirits. Back highly crested. England.
Z. In spirits. Nape, crown, and tail low-crested. Europe.
m. In spirits. Crested. Near London. Presented by J. E.
Gray, Esq.
n. In spirits. Small. Not crested. Presented by W. E.
Leach, M.D.
o—q. In spirits. Larve of different sizes. Cobham, Surrey.
Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D.
r—u. Inspirits. Adult, back with only a slight ridge. Turin.
Presented by Professor Bonelli.
v. In spirits. Adult, back with only a slight ridge. Russia? —
z—z. In spirits. Nearly full-grown, with short irregular gills
on each side. Brown, black-spotted; sides white dotted ;
belly yellow, spotless. Hamburg. Mr. Brandt's Collection.
Var.? Triton marmoratus Bonap. Fauna Iial.t., Amph. Eur. 39.
(not Cuvier.)
3. TRITON MARMORATUS.
Olive-brown. Back grey-marbled and black-dotted. Lower part
of sides and belly white-dotted. Head grey, black-dotted
and spotted. Dorsal streak and under side of tail orange or
yellow. a
- — ‘
SALAMANDRIDZ : TRITON. at
Salamandra marmorata Cuvier, R. A. ii. 115.
Triton Gesneri Lair. Rept. ii. 221.
T. marmoratus Lair. Rept.; Daud. Rept. viii. 241.; Tschudi, Batr.
9)
: ?Salam, elegans Lesson, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuvier, 1839, 199. (young ?)
Osterou. t.3. f.10. f.11. Dugés, Batrac. t. 14. f. 85. 88., cop.
Van der Hoeven, Tijdsch. N. Gesch. 1838, t. 1. f. 12.
a,b. Adult, and half-grown. Oporto. Presented by Col.
Owen, K.C.A.
c. In spirits. Brown, dorsal line white, adult discoloured.
Europe.
d, e. Side grey-marbled, dorsal line white, belly spotless ;
young. §. Europe. Presented by P. B. Webb, Esq.
4, TRITON? ALPESTRIS.
Lead-coloured, beneath orange, spotless; side with series of black
spots. Nose rather blunt. Back warty. Belly smooth. Dorsal
crest none. Tail shorter than the body, compressed, upper
and lower edges acute.
Salamandra aquatica a nullo hactenus descriptus Wurfb. Salam.
64. t.2. f. 4.
Triton alpestris Laur. Repl. 38. t.2. f.4.; Bonap. Faun. Ital. t.
f.2.; Sturm, Fauna Germ. t.; Tschudi, Batr. 95.
T. Wurfbainii Laur. Rept. 38.
T? salamandroides Laur. Rept. t.; Schrank, Faun. Boic.
- Proteus tritonius Laur. 37. t.2. f. 2. (larva.)
Lacerta lacustris «. Gmelin, S. N.1. 1065.
Salamandra alpestris Bechst. in Lacép. i. 260.; Schneid. Amph.i.71.
S. ignea in Bechst. in Lacép. 1. 263.
S. Wurfbaini Latr. Rept. 11. 245. t.
Lacerta gyrinoides Merrem, Schrift. Berl. N. F. ix. 194. t. 6.
Molge Wurfbaini Merrem, Tent. 186.
Molge alpestris Merrem, Tent. 187.
Lacerta Triton Merrem, Tent. 187.
Molge ignea Gravenh.; Merrem, Rept. 186.
Salamandra rubriventris Daud. viii. 239. t. 98. f. 1.
Salamandre ceinturée Latr. Salam. 52. t. 5. f. 5.
Salamandra cincta Daud. Rept. viii. 259
a.? In spirits. Not good state. Back warty, grey, black-
marbled. Sides white-dotted, with several series of small
black spots; beneath yellow, spotless. Collar under
throat black-spotted. Europe.
b. In spirits. Back blackish: side and sides of tail black-
spotted; beneath, yellow spotless: lower lip with a
\
22 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
regular series of black spots. Hungary. Mr. Brandt's —
collection. ‘
Var.1. Skin very smooth, scarcely warty.
T. alpestris apuanus Bonap. Fauna Ital. t. .f.3., Amph. Eur. 70.
Hab. Italy. Mus. Bonaparte.
5.? Triron nycuTuEmERvs Michah., Bonap. Fauna Ital. t. . £.5.,
Tschudi, Batrac. 95. “is perhaps the young of T. mar-
morata ? or I’. cristata.” Bonap. Amph. Eur.
6. Triton Ermanni Wiegm., quoted by Tschudi, Batrac. om » 19
unknown to me.
4, NOTOPHTHALMUS.
Head flat, crown ridged. Skin granular, rugose. Tongue small,
oblong, attached, edges scarcely free. Palatine teeth in two
series, rather wider apart behind. Internal nostrils large, ob-
long, transverse. Parotids none, poreless. — Sides with a series
of pores. — Toes 4:5, free, depressed; soles warty. —Tail com-
pressed. Lower sides of thighs of males? with a callous plaited
band.
A bony orbit above the eye, formed of the union of processes
from the frontal and tympanic bones, enclosing a foramen through
which pass the flexor muscles of the jaw, similar in this respect to.
Cynops, Pleurodeles, and Huproctus. 'The ossification extending
to the hyoid apparatus, carpus, and tarsus. Vertebre much
compressed, with high crests. ‘Three apertures in the skin of the
cheeks behind the eye, not communicating with the cavity of
the mouth. Hind feet much flattened; first and fifth hind toes
nearly rudimentary. Baird, |. c. 281.1849.
Dr. Holbrook describes this species as having a transverse series
of palatine teeth, but they are not apparent in our specimens.
The genus chiefly differs from Triton in the want of parotids.
Triturus (and Notophthalmia and Diemictylus) Rafin. An. Nat.n.
24, March, 1820.
Notophthalmus sp. Baird, Amer. Batr. 1849.
1. NoToPHTHALMUS MINIATUS.
Head, body, and tail brownish red, brown-spotted; throat and
abdomen orange red; back with two rows of deep red, symme-
trical, black-edged spots. Tail longer than the body, tip com-
pressed. ee
SALAMANDRIDZ : NOTOPHTHALMUS, EUPROCTUS. 23
Triturus miniatus Rajfin. Ann. of Nat. n. 24. 1820.
Sal. Stellio Say, Amer. Jour. Sci. i. 264. (not Catesby.)
Sal. symmetrica Harlan, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phil. v. 158. 1825,
N. A. Rept. 67., Med. and Phys. Res. 98.; Holbrook, N. A.
Herp. v. 57. t.17.; Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 119.
Salamandra Greenii Gray, Griffith, A. K. ix.
Molge ocellata Bell, MS.
Tristella symmetrica Gray, MS. B. M.
Notophthalmus miniatus Baird, 1. c. 284
a. In fluid. N. America. Presented by T. Bell, Esq.
S. Greenii Gray, Brit. Mus.
b. In spirits. N. America. Presented by T. Bell, Esq.
_ Molge ocellata Bell, MS.
é, @. In aes N. America. Presented by Jacob Green,
M
a Tn spirits. N. America. Presented by E. Doubleday,
E
sq.
g, h. In spirits. N. America. From the Leyden Museum.
Var. Nearly smooth ; spots on sides of back oblong, one or more
rarely confluent. ib
i—k. In spirits. N. America, §. Carolina. Presented by
Dr. R. Harlan.
2, NoToPFHTHALMUS VIRIDESCENS.
“ Head and body above olive-brown, with two rows of bright ver-
milion circular vertebral spots. Throat and abdomen orange,
black-dotted. Tail longer than the head and body, compressed in
its whole length. Tongue broad, flat, entire, adherent, except
on its front and sides.”
Salamandra dorsalis Harlan, Jour. Acad. N. §. Phil. v. 201.
1828 ; Storer, Rept. Mass. 59.
S. millepunctata Storer, Boston Jour. n.11. ii. 60.
Triton dorsalis Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. 77. t. 25.
Triturus (Diemictylus) viridescens Rafin. Annal. of Nat. n. 22.
1820.
Triton millepunctata Dekay, Rept. N. York, 84. t. 15. f. 34.
Notophthalmus viridescens Baird, Batr. Amer. 284. 1849.
Hab. Maine, Pennsylvania, Georgia.
5. EUPROCTUS.
Tongue large, depressed, lateral and hinder margin scarcely free.
— Maxillary teeth rather large, strong, curved; palatine series
24 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
two, straight, diverging. — Parotids none.—Shkin granulose (in
young smooth, soft); anal regions of the adult produced into a —
cone, upper foramen roundish at base of tail.— Tail rather
long, subcompressed, round at the base.—Limbs strong. — Toes
4:5, long, slender, free; plantar warts none; middle toe long-
est.— Ribs well developed, mobile.— Orbit with a peculiar bony
arch above. |
Bibron represents the tongue as small and rhombic, and the
hinder end of the series of palatine teeth as arched and diverging.
Euproctus Gené; Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 95. 131. n.13., Amph.
Eur. 21.; Berthold, Lehrb. Zool. 211. 1845 ;
?Megapterna Savi, N. Gior. 1839; Bonap. Faun. Ital. i.
Pelonectes Fitz. S. R. 33.
Salamandrina (part.) Pitz. S. R.
1. Euproctus PLATYCEPHALUS.
Olive brown, white-granulated. Centre of under side cinereous,
black dotted and spotted. Tail rather longer than the body.
Male thighs smooth; female thighs spurred behind. Young
ashy brown, very minutely black-dotted ; beneath yellowish ash.
Larva brown; back with two series of ferruginous spots. Tail —
short, two-edged. Peas
Molge platycephala Otto; Gravenh. Mus. Wrat. 84. 3.
Triton Rusconi Gené, Mus. Tigur.
Euproctus Rusconi G'ené, Syn. Rept. Sard. 78. t.1. f.34.; Bonap.
Fauna Ital. t. .; Berthold, Lehrb. Zool. 211. 1845; Bibron,
Explor. Sci. Algérie, Rept. t. 4. f. 2. no text.
?Megapterna montana Savi, Nuov. Giorn. Pisa, 1839, 211.; Bonap.
Fauna Ital. t. 62.
Euproctus platycephalus Bonap. Amph. Eur. 68., Fauna Tial.
ns oe | | 2
Pelonectes platycephalus Fitz. S. fi. 33.
Hab. Sardinia and Corsica. Mus. Bonaparte, Rome.
c. The sides without any series of pores between the axilla and groin.
6. CYNOPS.
Head broad, crown flat, muzzle prominent. Parotids very large,
swollen, compressed, rounded; and glands on the sides of the
neck porous. — Body short.— Skin granulose. Sides without
any series of pores.—Zail compressed, smooth.—Palatine teeth
small, in two separate longitudinal series, rather diverging behind.
(t. 3. f. 13.) — Tongue very small, suborbicular, adherent, slender, ,
SALAMANDRIDZ : CYNOPS, TARICHA. 25
fleshy, scarcely free on the edges. — Feet short, strong. — Toes
4:5.—Ribs- ? — Skull broad, with a distinct zygomatic arch.
Cynops Tschudi, Batrac. 94.; Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 131. n.11.;
Fitz. S. R. 33.
Pelonectes sp. Fitz. S. R. 33.
Salamandrina (part.) Fitz. S. R. 33.
I. Cynorps PYRRHOGASTER.
Brown, beneath bright red, black-spotted.
Molge pyrrhogastra Boie, Isis, 1826, 215.
Cynops subcristatus Tschudi, Batr. 94. t. 2. f. 5.
Salam. subcristata Schlegel, Fauna Jap. vii. t. 4. f. 1.2, 3. t. 5.
f. 7, 8., Abbild. t. 40. f.1. 3.
Ostrou. +.3.f.13. Tschudi, Batr. t.2. f.5.; cop. Schlegel,
Fauna Japon. t. 5. f. 7, 8. (palatine teeth omitted.) 7
a—c. In spirits. Japan. From the Leyden Museum.
7. TARICHA.
Head broad, crown flat, granular. Tongue roundish, attached ;
hinder and side edges only slightly free. Palatine teeth in two
parallel nearly close series. Parotids swollen, porous.— Skin
granular. Sides with a black line, but without any line of
pores.— Tail elongated, compressed.— Tves 4 : 5, free, depressed.
— Postorbital apophysis distinct.
Notopthalmus (part.) Rajfin.; Baird, Amer. Batr. 284. 1849.
1. TARICHA TOROSA.
Black, with scattered, elevated, roundish, granular tubercles.
Chin, throat, abdomen, and beneath, yellow mingled with very
minute pale dots. Tail rather longer than the head and body,
rounded at the base, compressed at the end, with a slightly
elevated keel on the two edges. Length six inches. Toes
4:5, mner very small.
Triton torosus Esch. Zool. Atlas, iii. 12. t. 21. f. 15. (skull.)
Notophthalmus torosus Baird, Amer. Batr. 284.
Salamandra Beecheyi Gray in Griffith's A. K. i. 107.; Zool. Bee-
chey’s Voy. t. 31. f. 3. 1839. !
_ Triton Ermanni Wiegm.; Ermann, Reise, 1835, Arch. 1836.
T. granulosus. Skelton, Sillim. Jour. vii. 202. 1849.
Pleurodeles Californie Bibron in Mus. Zool. Soc.
a, 6. In spirits, California, Monterey.
B
ee ea
pd a) See
: ees ir
wi
26 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
2. TARICHA? LUGUBRIS.
Head large, Eyes very prominent. Tail rather longer than the
body, which is cylindrical. Head, tail, extremities, and the rest
of the animal, dark olive above, lighter beneath. An indistinct,
regular row of yellowish spots on each side; several small
spots. Palatine teeth
Salamandra lugubris Halliwell, Journ. A. N. S. Philad. 1848,
126.
Hab. Monterey, Upper California.
This species wants further examination.
8. BRADYBATES.
Head small. Muzzlerounded. Forehead compressed. Palatine
teeth few. Tongue very small, papillary, entirely adherent. Ex-
ternal nostrils under the eyes. Parotids indistinct. — Limbs
short.—eet small.— Toes 4:5, free.— Tail short, roundish,
turgid at the base.—Ribs distinct.
Bradybates T'schudi, Batr. 56.91.; Bonap. Amph. Eur. 66., Fauna
Ital. ii. 131.
1. BRADYBATES VENTRICOSUS.
Brown, with obsolete very small transverse lines. Tail much
shorter than the body.
Bradybates ventricosus Tschudi, Batr. 91. t.2. f. 2.; Bonap. Amph.
Eur. 66., Fauna Ital. t. .f.4.; Fitz. S. R. 33.
Hab. Spain. Mus. Neuchatel, and Mus. Bonaparte, Rome.
9. LOPHINUS.
Parotids and lines on the head porous.—Skin smooth (or minutely
granular when on land).—Sides with a blood-vessel, but no series
of pores between the axilla and groin.— Tongue small, oblong.—
Palatine teeth in two close longitudinal lines gradually diverging
behind.— Orbits in palate slightly convex.— Toes 4:5, free, lobed,
or webbed. — Tail compressed. — Back and tail of male with a
continued crest.
Lophinus Rafin. Anal. Nat. 78. 1815.
Triton sp. Tschudi, Batrac. 95.; Bonap. Amph. Eur. 70, 71.
Lissotriton sp. Bell, Brit. Rept. 332.; Pitz. S. Rh. 33. sols
Triton, § 2. Gray in Griffith's A. K. ix. | ‘aie
SALAMANDRID : BRADYBATES, LOPHINUS. 27
1. LopHINUS PUNCTATUS.
Greenish or brown, black-spotted and dotted, beneath red and
yellow. Head black-streaked. Fin of the back of the male
high, continued on back and upper and lower side of tail, scol-
loped on the edges; of the female, low on the back, higher on.
both edges of the tail, entire. Toes separate; of the males
in summer fringed with membrane, of young simple. Palatine
teeth in two very close series.
Triton parisinus Laur. Rept. 40.
Lacerta aquatica Linn. S. N. 1. 370. ¢
L. aquatica 8. Gmelin, S. N.1. 1106.3; Shaw, Zool. ii. 298. f. 83.
(not Linn.) |
L. Triton Retz. F. Suec. i. 288.
L. Salamandra e. Gmelin, S. N. 1. 1106.
L..teniata mas Sturm, Fauna, t.
L. maculata Sheppard, Linn. Trans. vii. 53.
Salamandra palmata Schneid. Amph. 1.72.
Salamandra teniata Bechst.; Schneid. Amph. i. 58.; Sturm, Faun.
Deut. t.
S. exigua Rusconi, t. 1. f. 1, 2. (not Laur.)
S. elegans Daud. Rept. viii. ‘255.
S. punctata Daud. Rept. vii. 257.; Cuvier, R. A. ii. 99.
S. palustris Bonelli.
-Molge punctata Merrem, Tent. 186.
Triton punctatus Bonap. Fauna Ital.t. . f.4., Amph. Eur. 70.;
Selys, Fauna Belg. i. 293. t. 5. f. 3,4. ge
Triton lobatus Otth.; Tschudi, Batr.95.; Bonap. Fauna Ital.
han 2
Molge palmata Merrem, Tent. 186.
Salamandra palmipes Latr. Rept. u. 240.; Daud. Rept. viii. 253.
38.1.2.
Lacerta vulgaris Linn. S, N.i. 370. (female or male in winter,
when on land.)
Triton palustris Laur. Rept. 39. t. 4. f. 2.
Salam. palustris Schneid. Amph. 60.
Triton exiguus Laur. Rept. 41. t. 3. f.4.; Bonap. Faun. Ital. t.
f.5. (young.
Salam. abdominalis Daud. Rept. viii. 250.
Lissotriton punctatus Bell, Brit. Rept. 132. f. _. (young.)
Liss. palmatus Bell, Brit. Rept. 139. f. 1. (aged.)
Brown Lizard Penn, B. Z. 29. iil. t. 3.
Common Newt Shaw, Zool. ii. 295.
Molge cinerea Merrem, Tent. 183.
Larva: Proteus tritonius Laur. S. M. 37. t. 2. f. 2.
Ostzox. Dugés, Batr. t. 14. f. 9, 10. (os hyoides.)
B 2
28 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Var. 1. Sides and belly with large black spots.
Lissotriton palmipes Bell, Brit. Rept. 189. f. (aged.)
Salam. punctata Lair. 31. t. 6. f. 6 a.
a—d. In spirits. Male in summer, of various sizes. Wolds:
worth. Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D.
e. In spirits. Male in winter? Near London.
Var. 2. Brownish, with small spots or mottlings on the belly,
and a narrow white streak along the lower part of each
side ; none on the tail.
Salam. abdominalis Latr. t. 5. f. 4 a.?
J—h. In spirits. Near London.
Var. 3. Pale brownish with a darker streak on each side of the ©
back, a few spots on the belly, and paler on the side,
sometimes forming interrupted lines. Lips often dilated.
S. elegans Daud. ?
1. init. Adult.
j- In spirits.
k—m. In spirits. Turin. Presented by Professor Bonelli.
n—p. In spirits. Larva. Cobham, Surrey.
2. LorpHINuS PALMATUS.
Pale brown, varied. Head black, dotted and aeiee Fin of
the back of male and female continued. entire, low on the back,
higher on the tail. Toes of males united, completely webbed,
moderate. Palatine teeth in two rather distant series.
? Triton palustris Laur. Rept. t. 9
Salamandra exigua Laur. Rept. t. 9 tial
S. abdominalis Daud. Rept. t.
S. cincta Daud. Rept. viii. 259. 9 (not Latreille.)
Triton palmatus Otth.; Bonap. Fauna Ital. t. , Amph. Eur. 71.;
Selys, Fauna Belg. i. 293, t. 5. f.1. ¢ £2. 9; ; Fite. N. Class.;
Tschudi, Batr.
Salamandra palmata Cuvier, R. A. ii. (not Schneider.)
a, b. In spirits. Nottingham. Presented by W. Higgin-
bottom, Esq.
10. OMMATOTRITON.
Skin smooth or minutely punctured.— Sides without any series of
pores between the axilla and groin.— Tongue large, rounded in
front.—Parotids indistinct, porous.— Palatine teeth in two lon-
gitudinal lines, quite close together i in front, rapidly divergmg at -
the hinder end, crowded between the very convex _ orbital
SALAMANDRIDE : OMMATOTRITON, SEIRANOTA. 29
prominences of the palate.— Toes 4: 5, free. — Tail compressed.
—Male with a high toothed dorsal and caudal crest, interrupted
over the loins.
Lissotriton (part.) Bell, Brit. Rept. 141.
1. OMMATOTRITON VITTATUS.
Pale grey, closely black-spotted. Tail nearly black. Side of ab-
domen and middle of tail with a broad white streak, beneath
white. Throat black-dotted. Male in summer with a high
toothed dorsal and caudal fin, the base interrupted over the
loins. ‘Toes separate, webbed, slightly finned.
Molge vittatus Gray, B. M. 1830.
Triton vittatus Jenyns, Brit. Vert. 3085. ; Poe Mus. Paris, fide
Guérin, Icon. Rég. Animal, 17. t. 28. f. 2.
Lissotriton palmipes var. Bell, Brit. Rept. 141. fig.
a—c. In spirits. Lycia? England? Presented by J. E. Gray,
Esq. a. Specimen figured by Mr. Bell.
According to M. Guérin this species is found in Lycia. Icon.
Reég. Anim. p. 17.
B. Tongue large, hinder half free. Toes 4:4.—Seiranotina.
11. SEIRANOTA.
Head angular. Eyes large. Nostrils lateral. Tongue large, ob
long, cordate ; side edges, and hinder half free. Palatine teeth
numerous, in two series, close, diverging and forming an equal-
sided triangle behind. Teeth very minute. Parotid none. —
Tail roundish, elongate. — Body densely warty. Back and tail
with a bony crest.— Fingers and toes four, short, thick. — Ribs
well developed, scarcely movable.
Seiranota Barnes, Silliman’s Jour. xi. 2g 18.; Bonap. Fauna
- Ttal. ii. 131., Amph. Eur. 33. j
Salamandrina ‘Fitz. N. Class. 1826, S. ft. 33. ; ; Bonap. Fauna Ital. ;
Gravenh. Del. Mus. Wrat. 88.
Salamandra sp. Savi, Cuvier, R. A. ii. 115.
1, SEIRANOTA PERSPICILLATA.
Black. Head with a triangular reddish spot ; Heueare white, black-
spotted; under part of thighs and tail reddish.
Le Trois Doigts Lacép. Q. ov. 1496. t. 36.; Latr. Rept. ii, 258. f.
Salamandra ter-digitata Bonn. Oph. t. f.
S. tridactyla Daud. Rept. viii. 261.
B3
30 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA,
Molge tridactylus Merrem, Tent. 183.
Salamandra perspicillata Savi, Bib. Ital. ; Cuvier, R. A. ii. 118.
Seiranota condylura Barnes, Silliman’s Amer. J. 8. xi. 268.
Salamandrina perspicillata Fitz. N. Class. 41., S. R. 33. ; Bonap.
Faun. Ital. t. Gravenhorst, Delic. Wrat. 88.
Seiranota perspicillata Bonap. Faun. Ital. ii. 131., Amph. Eur. 66.
a—e. In spirits. Lucca. Presented by J. Browning, Esq.
FS, g. In spirits. Dalmatia. From Dr. Heckles’s Collection.
Fam. Il. MOLGID.
Head depressed.
Orbit not bony above.
Tongue large, adherent
Palatine ¢eeth in two converging series, each line being in the outer
hinder edge of the elongated angular vomerine bones. Sphenoid
toothless. t. 3. f. 14.
Ribs rudimentary or wanting.
Synopsis of Genera.
1. Hynogius. FParotids none. |
2. Morex. Parotids large, glandular.
1. HYNOBIUS.
Head depressed; crown convex. Muzzle rounded. Tongue very
large, elongate, quite entire, adherent. Palatine teeth in two
central series, arched in front to the inner nostrils. Paro-
tids indistinct. — Sides plaited.— Limbs short, thick. — Tail
short, ensiform, round at the base.
Hynobius Tschudi, Batr. 60. 94.; Bonap. Faun. Ital. i. 131. n. 12.;
Fritz. S. R. 34.
Salamandra (part.) Schlegel, Faun. Jap.
1. HyNoBius NEBULOSUS.
Pale brown, slightly clouded, rather paler beneath.
Hynobius nebulosus Z'schudi, Batr. 94.
in neb. Schlegel, Fauna Jap. t. 4. £. 7—9., Abbild. t. 40. f. thre
8. (9, 10. jun.) ‘
a, b. In spirits. Japan. From the Leyden Museum. BX
MOLGIDZ : HYNOBIUS, MOLGE. 31
2. MOLGE.
Head thick. Parotids large, depressed. Tongue large, adherertt
aiong the centre. Teeth of the palate in two long oblique di-
verging series, rather arched in front to the inner nostrils. (t. 3.
_f. 14.)— Feet short, thick.—Collar large.— Tail thick, rounded, -
extreme tip compressed.—Skin very smooth.
Pseudo-Salamandra Tschudi, Batr. 56. 91. 1838; Fitz. S. R. 33.
Molge sp. Merrem, Tent.185.
Molge Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 131. n. 3.
1. Monee sTRIATA.
Black; beneath whitish and black varied.
Pseudo-Salamandra nevia Tschudi, Batr. 92.
Molge striata Bonap. Faun. Ital. ii. 131.
- Molge striata (part.) Merrem, Tent. 185.
Salamandra nevia Schlegel, Fauna Japon. t. 4. f. 1,2, 3., t. 5. f. 9.
10., Abbild. t. 39. f. 4. :
Salamandre schisteuse Schlegel, Fauna Japon. 127.?
OstEox. t. 3. f. 14. Schlegel, Faun. Japon. t. 5. f. 9, 10. (skull.)
a—d. In spirits. Japan. From the Leyden Museum.
Fam. OL PLETHODONTID.
Palatine teeth forming an interrupted cross series in front of the
palate, between the internal nostrils, each series running across
the hinder end of the broad vomerine bones. The sphenoid
with two more or less broad, sometimes confluent, series of teeth,
which are rarely wanting. t.3.f.15. Paratoid indistinct. —
_ Skin smooth, rarely granular, without any series of pores.
Dr. Holbrook’s ‘description of the palatine teeth in many in-
stances, and sometimes of the tongue, does not agree with the
specimens in the British Museum.
Dr. Baird’s Revision of N. American Tailed Batrachia, in Jour.
Acad, N. S. Philad. n. s. i. 281., Oct. 1849, appears more accu-
rate.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Tongue broad, adherent, only slightly free on the sides.
Sphenord toothless.
a. Toes and Fingers clawed. Hind Legs dilated.
1. Onycnopactytus. Toes 4:5, free. . h'
B4 .
ur fy Ps
; ~H
32 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
b. Toes and Fingers not clawed.
2. Herrrorriton. “Toes 4: 5, slightly webbed; outer toe fringed. —
Tongue large, circular; front slightly movable. Sphenoid
(? Palatine) teeth in a transverse group.”
38. XipHonura. Toes 4:5. Tongue circular. Tail mugs com-
pressed.
4. Ampystoma. Toes 4:5, free. Tongue oblong. Tail pera
rounded below, keeled above.
B. Tongue broad, expanded, attached the whole length by a central
line ; sides and back edges free. Sphenoid toothed, .
5. Preruopon. Toes 4:5, free. Hinder part of tongue shortly
free. |
C. Tongue broad, expanded; front half attached by a central line,
hinder half free, exsertile. Sphenoid toothed,
6. Desmoenatuus. Toes 4: 5.
7. Hemrpactyitium. Toes 4:4, free. Hinder part of tongue
large, and great part free.
D. Tongue peltate, subcircular, free all round, only aitached 1 by a
cylindrical central ‘pedicel from a sheath,
8. Batracnosers. ‘Toes 4:4, free. Body very long. Legs far
apart. a
9. Spevurres. Toes 4:5, free. Body thick,
10. Grorriron. Toes 4:5, hinder ones webbed to the tip.’
11. Epirus. Toes 4:5, very short, webbed to the end.
1
;
) -
E. Tongue peltate, very large, attached by a central cylindrical |
pedicel and by a slight process on the front edges.
12. ENsaTIna.
A. Tongue broad, adherent, hinder side edges only free. Sphenoid
toothless. Carpus. and Tarsus ossified in the adult. — Amby-
stomina.
a. Toes and Fingers clawed. Hind Legs dilated.
1, ONYCHODACTYLUS.
Head broad, rounded ; crown flat. Eyes large, prominent. Paro-
tids none. Tongue large, ovate, acute. Palatine teeth in two —
PLETHODONTID : ONYCHODACTYLUS, HETEROTRITON. 35
arched series ; sphenoid toothless. t. 3. f.15. Collar and lateral
plaits distinct.— Feet long, thick.— Toes 4:5, free, clawed. The
hinder edge of outer hind foot dilated.— Tail elongate, roundish.
Onychodactylus Tschudi, Batr. 57. 92.; Bonap, Faun. Ital. ii. 331.
n. 5.; Fitz. S. B. 33.
Dactylonyx Bibron, MS. fide Bonap.
Onycopus Dum. & Bib. MS., Erp. Gen. viii. 4.
1, ONYCHODACTYLUS JAPONICUS.
Purplish. Back with a broad pale streak expanded over the crown.
Claws black.
Onychodactylus Schlegeli Tschudi, Batr. 92.
Salam. unguiculata Schl. Fauna Japon. vii. 65. f. 1—6..
Lacerta japonica G'mel. Houttuyn, Vert. ix. t. 9. f. 3.
Lac. Thunbergii Donnd.; Thunb. N. Schw. Abh. viii. t. 4.
Molge striata (part.) Merrem, Tent. 185.
Onychodactylus japonicus Bonap. Fauna Ital. 11. 131.
Onycopus Sieboldi Dum. & Bibr. MS., Erp. Gen. viii. 4.
Ostrou. t.3.f.15. Fauna Jap. t. 3. f. 6.
a, b. In spirits. Adult and larva. Japan. From the Leyden -
~ Museum.
b. Toes and Fingers not clawed.
2, HETEROTRITON.
_ Ffead large, depressed. Muzzle full, rounded, flattened above.
Nostrils anterior, superior. Eyes large. Mouth large. Tongue
broad, circular, only slightly movable on its anterior and lateral
margin. Palatine teeth in a small group, behind each internal
nostril. Sphenoid teeth in a large transverse group, in the
middle of the palate. — Fore limbs short, thick. Fingers four.
— Hinder limbs much larger. Toes five. Outer hinder toe
fringed on its outer edge. — Tail compressed.” Holbrook.
Triton sp. Holbrook, N. A. Herp. 85.
Salamandra sp. Green, J. Acad. N. S. Phil. vi. 254.
1, HerERoTRIToN INGENS. : :
Bluish slate-coloured, with pale subovate spots. Belly slate-
coloured.
Salamandra ingens Green, J. Acad. N. S. Phil. vi. 254.
Triton ingens Holbrook, N. Amer. Herp. v. 85. t. 29.
Hab. Western Waters of N. America, Tennessee, Louisiana.
B Sd
34 Tae CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA:
oo”
i
3. XIPHONURA. aa
Head large, rounded ; crown convex. Palate flat, broad. Pala-
tine teeth in a continued transverse line, behind the internal
nostrils. Sphenoid with a few scattered teeth. Tongue large,
broad, attached, free on the edges. — Feet strong, large. ‘Toes
elongate, free; end callous. — Skin densely granular.— Tai much
compressed, elongate, ensiform.
Dr. Holbrook incorrectly describes the “'Tongue small, round,
pedunculated, slightly attached in front. Palatine teeth minute,
in a transverse row behind the nares. Sphenoid with two lon-
pitudinal series to the hinder part of the palate.”
Xiphonura Tschudi, Batr. 61.95.; Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 131. n.
17.; Fitz. S. R. 34.
Salamandra sp. Green, Harlan, Holbrook.
Triton sp. Holbrook, N. A. Herp. 77.
Ambystoma 8. Baird, J. A. N. S. Phil. 1849, 281.
1. XIPHONURA JEFFERSONIANA.
Head very large. Eyes full and prominent. Body cylindrical,
elongate. Light brown above, with azure spots. Tail as long
as the body, compressed at the tip.
Salamandra Jeffersoniana Green, Maclurian Lyceum,i. 4. 1827 ;
Harian, M. and P. Res. 98., N. A. Rept. 85. note; Holbrook,
N. A. Herp. v. 51. t. 14.; Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 120. }
S. variolata var. Harlan, N. A. Rept. 18.
Xiphonura Jeffersoniana Tschudi, Batr. 93. -
Triton niger Dekay, Rept. N. York, 85. t. 1. 5. f. 35. 1842.
Ambystoma Jeffersoniana Baird, Amer. Batr. 283.
a. In spirits. Not good state. N. America. From the Ley-—
den Museum.
4, AMBYSTOMA.
Head thick, convex. Skin "smooth. Parotids indistinct, place
marked by a few pores. Tongue ovate, moderate, attached, free
on the side, rather contracted behind. Palatine teeth numerous, —
in arather short cross series. Inner nostrils small, far apart.
Sphenoid toothless.— Toes free.—Tail oblong, roundish. —Sides
with cross folds.— Skin, in some species, with closely set glands
secreting a milky fluid.t-Eggs deposited in packets under damp
stofies. (Baird.) : _
Ambystoma Tschudi, Batr, 57. 1838; Bonap. Faun. Ztal. ii. 131.
n: 4, " m ti hee jo Le
PLETHODONTID& : XIPHONURA, AMBYSTOMA. 35
Ambystoma « Baird, Amer. Batr. 281. 283. 1849.
Salamandroides Fitz. S. R. 33.
Salamandra sp. Bonnat; Merrem, Tent. 185.
Pseudotriton Tschudi, Bair: 93.
Plethodon (part.) T'schudi, Batr. 92.
Plethodon Baird, J. A. N. S. Phil. i. 282. 1849.
Saurophis Fitz. S. B33.
Salamandra, § 2. Holbrook, N. A. Herp. 67.
Triton sp. Holbrook, N. A. Herp. 79.
§ Stout, black, pale spotted, or varied.
1. AmBystomA CAROLINZ.
Head moderate, muzzle slightly rounded. Body and tail above
bluish black. Sides with a row of round or oval yellow spots;
beneath purplish black.
Lacerta Caroline Linn. S. N. ed. 10.
Stellio (Spotted Eft) Catesby, Carol. t..10,; Penn. Act. Zool. ii. 534.
Lacerta punctata Linn. S. N. i. 370.3; Gmelin, S. N. 1076.; Laur.
Rept. ii. 252.
Lac. maculata Shaw, Zool. iii. 304.
Le Pontuée Lacép. Quadr. ov.
Salamandra punctata Bonnat, Erp. 63., Ency. Méth. t. 12. f. 1.;
- Merrem, Tent. 185.
Salamandra venenosa Barton, Amer. Phil. Trans. iv. t.1.; Daud.
Rept. vil. 229. 1803? ; Holbrook, N. A. Herp. ii. 105. t. 24. ed. 2.
v. 67. t. 22.
Lacerta subviolacea Barton, Trans. Amer.* Phil. Soc. vi. 112. tA.
16.5
Salamander subviolacea Harlan, M. and P. Res. 93., N. A. Rept.
. ; Schlegel, F. Japon. 118.
Seisccitdea Argus Bell’s MS. Mus. Zool. Soc. n. 659.
Ambystoma subviolaceum Tschudi, Batr. 92.; Bonap. F. Ital. 131.
3 oes heap punctata Baird, Amer. Batr. 283.
a—e. In spirits. N. America, Pennsylvania.
J; g- In spirits. N. America. Presented by Thomas Bell, Esq.
h,t, In spirits. N. America. From Mus. Leyden.
jh k. In spirits. N.America. Old Collection.
l.. Variety with small spots.
2. AMBYSTOMA TIGRINUM.
“ Head large. Muzzle rounded. Body elongated, bluish black,
with irregular eae colnure spots. Tail longer than the body,
~
36 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
compressed, two-edged, coloured like body. Tongue broad,
sub-round, entire, adherent posteriorly, less so in front, only
loose and movable on the sides. Palatine teeth from outer
margin of inner nostrils inwards and backwards. Sphenoid — |
teeth in a larger transverse slightly arched group, rather in
front of the end of the former.” |
Salamandra tigrina Geen, J. Acad. N. S. Phil. v. 116.; Harlan,
N. A. Rept. 12., M. and P. Res. 93. |
Triton tigrina Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. 79. t. 26.
Ambystoma tigrina Baird, 1. c. 284.
Hab. New Jersey, Massachussets.
3. AMBYSTOMA ? TALPOIDEUM.
“ Dusky, nearly black ; beneath dusky, purplish. Head very large,
flattened. Muzzle full, rounded. Mouth large. Tongue sub-
rhomboidal, smaller and perfectly adherent behind, lateral and
front edges free. Internal nostrils large. Palatine teeth minute,
in a line, slightly arched backward in the middle, where the
teeth are largest and more numerous. Sphenoid toothless. Eye
small. Body short, thick, clumsy, Tail short, thick, com-
pressed. Fore limbs short, thick, stout. Fingers four, short.
Hinder limbs stouter. ‘Toes five, slightly united at their base.”
Salamandra talpoidea Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. 73. t. 24.
Hab. South Carolina,‘on the seaislands. Terrestrial, burrowing
under the ground like moles.
4. AMBYSTOMA OPACUM.
Head short, broad. Muzzle large, rounded. Body and tail pale
ash, with irregular bluish-black cross bands. ‘Throat and abdo-
men purplish blue. Tail as long as body, compressed,
Salamandra opaca Gravenh. Ueber Zool. Syst. 431. 1807, Delic
Mus. Urat. 1.75. t. 10.
Salamandra Gravenhorstii Leuckart in Fitz. N. Class. Rept. 1825.
Salamandra fasciata G'reen, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phil. 1. 350. 1818;
Harlan, N. A. Rept. 13., Med. and Ph. Rep. 94. ;-Holbrook, N. A.
Herp. v. 71. t. 23.; Dekay, Rept. N. York, 77. t. 17. f. 40.
Ambystoma opaca Baird, 1. c. 280. |
Ambystoma subviolacea (var?) Tschudi, Batr. 92.
a,b. In spirits. N. America. Presented by Dr. Mac
Murtrie. co
c. In spirits. N. America. Presented by Thos. Bell, Esq.
d. In spirits. N. America.
e, f. In spirits. N. America. From the Leyden Museum.
g, h. In spirits. N. America. Ble ES
PLETHODONTIDE : AMBYSTOMA. 37
5. AMBYSTOMA PUNCTULATUM.
F Lead-coloured, smooth. Lower part of sides and beneath white.
Cheek and upper part of sides with distant scattered white dots.
: Head depressed. Eyes large, prominent. Tail as long as the
body, slender, rather tapering and compressed, rounded above
. and below.
; a. In spirits. Monterey, California.
6. AMBYSTOMA MACRODACTYLUM.
_ Dark brown. Back with a broad (chestnut-brown) obscure stripe.
Sides greyish-sprinkled; beneath dark brown, spotless. ‘Toes
long, not webbed. Tail roundish, not compressed. Skull longer
than broad. |
Ambystoma macrodactyla Baird, J. A. N. S. Phil. 1849, 292.
Hab. Oregon. Astoria. Mus. Acad. N.S. Philadelphia.
7. AMBYSTOMA MAVORTIUM.—
‘Dull black or dark brown (in spirits), yellow-blotched above and
below. Back with about 9, tail with 13, transverse yellowish
bands. Body thick. Feet short ; toes short, broad. Tail much
- compressed, longer isi body and head. Skull broader than
long.
_ Ambystoma mavortia Baird, J. A. N. S. Philad. 1849, 293.
Hab. New Mexico. (Dr. Weslizenus.)
8. AMBYSTOMA EPISCOFUS.
BY elinwish, with dark mottlings and darker spots. Tail much —
compressed, shorter than the body. Skull longer than broad.
Head wedge-shaped.
_ Ambystoma episcopus Baird, J. A. N. S. Philad. i. 292. 1849.
‘
|
Hab. Mississippi, Kemper county. (C. Lloyd.)
§§ Slender, brown.—Sauroph is Fitz.
bho ar cea = eee
9. AMBYSTOMA ERYTHRONOTUM.
i Head short. Muzzle blunt. Body cylindrical, with a broad brown
____ vertebral streak to end of tail; sides yellowish ; abdomen white.
_. Tail shorter than the body, tapering, pointed. Young reddish.
4
|
38 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA. .
Salamandra erythronota Green, Jour. A. N. S. Philad. i. 356. —
1818 ; Harlan, M. and P. Res, 95., N. A. Rept. 13.; Holbrook, N. ;
Amer. Herp. v. 43. t. 11.
S. cinerea Green, 1. c. 1. 356.1818; Harlan, |. c. 95., N. A, Rept.
12.; Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 118.
Plethodon cinereus Tschudi, Batrac. 92,; Baird, Batr. Amer.
385. |
Plethodon erythronota Baird, |. c. 285.
Saurophis erythronota Fitz. S. BR. 33.
a—c. In spirits. N. America. Presented by Edward Double-
day, Esq.
d, In spirits. N. America.
e—g. In spirits. N. America. Presented by Thos. Bell,
Esq.
10. AmBysToMA ? HALDEMANI.
Head flattened: above. Muzzle rounded. Body and tail above
pale yellow, with three irregular series of dusky spots and
blotches. Sides rather dusky. Tongue broad, subrotund. Pe-
dicel short. Palatine teeth minute, in a line, running rather
backwards, not united. Sphenoid teeth minute, in a longitudinal
sroup in centre of palate.
Salamandra Haldemani Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. 59. t. 18.
Hab. Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia.
11. AMBYSTOMA ?? FRONTALE ?
Dirty ferruginous, beneath yellowish. Nose white. Tail shorter
than the body, thick, tapering, and pointed. Length three
inches.
Salamandra sinciput alba Green, Jour. Acad. Philad. 352. 1818;
Harlan, N. A. Rept. 13.
S. frontalis Gray, Griffith, A. K. ix. 107.
Hab. New Jersey. (Green.)
B. Tongue broad, expanded, attached the whole of its length by a
central line; the sides and hinder,end sree. Sphenoid toothed.
Carpus and Tarsus not ossified—Plethodontina.
5. PLETHODON.
Head broad, depressed. Parotids none. Tongue large, broad,
expanded, attached nearly the whole of its length by a linear cen-
Oe
PLETHODONTIDZ : PLETHODON. 39
tral band ; sides and hinder end free. Palatine teeth in two short
series, generally interrupted in the middle, and sometimes rather
directed backwards. Sphenoid covered with teeth in several
- series; group wide behind.— Skin smooth. Sides plaited.— Tail
rounded.
Plethodon Tschudi, Batr. 58.92.; Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 131. n.
Bee ue. S. h. 32.; Baird, |. c. "9299,
Phatnomatorhina Bibron, MS. ), fide Bonap. 1. c.
1. PLETHODON GLUTINOSUM.
Head large, semioval. Tail round, nearly twice as long as the
body. Bluish black above. Back and tail minutely white-
spotted ; sides with larger confluent white spots.
Salamandra glutinosa Green, Jour. Acad. N. S. Philad. i. 357.
1818, Sept.; Schlegel, Faun. Jap. 118.; Harlan, N. A. Rept. 14. ;
Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. 39. t. 10.; Dekay, Rept. N.York, t.17.
f. 42. (very young.)
S. variolata Gilliams, J. Acad. Ny. S. Philad. 1. 460. 1818, Decemb. ;
_ Harlan, N. A. Rept. 18.
S. cylindracea Harlan, Jour. Acad, N.S. v. 156. 1825., Med. and
Phys. Res. 94., N. A. Rept. 12.
“§, cylindrica Harlan,” fide Schlegel.
Triton porphyriticus Dekay, Rept. N. York, 85, t. 16. f. 37.
Plethodon glutinosus Tschudi, Batr. 92. ; "Bonap. Fauna dist il.
dot.. Lucie. fh. 32.:: Baird, Bair. ‘Aimer. 285.
Ostnox. Tschudi, Bair. t. 2. f. 4. (skull.)
a—c. In spirits. Pennsylvania, N. America. Presented by
Jacob Green, M.D.
d—g. In spirits. N. America. Presented by Edward Double-
day, Esq.
h, In spirits. N. America. From the Leyden Museum.
Sal. cylindrica Harlan.
i, Young series, with very minute, white dots.
2. PLETHODON GRANULATUM.
Head large. Skin granulated. Body elongated, cylindrical. Tail
round, slender, rather longer than the body and head. Greenish
slate colour above, varied with grey and brown beneath.
Salamandra granulata Dekay, Herp. N. York, ii. t. .; Holbrook,
NN. A. Herp. v. 63. t. 20.
Hab. New York. Var. P. oth ?
40 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
C, Tongue broad, expanded ; front half attached by a central longi
tudinal line; hinder half broad, expanded, free, erectile, ihe a
those of ‘frogs. Sphenoid toothed. Carpus and Tarsus not ossified.
— Desmognat hina.
6. DESMOGNATHUS.
Toes 4 before, 5 behind. Gape narrow. Body sabes mia
Sphenoidal teeth in two narrow patches attached to the edges of
the sphenoidal bone. Occipital condyles very peculiar in consist-
ing of short cylinders projecting from the exoccipitals with their
axes parallel to that of cranium, and their extremities forming
a spherically convex articulating surface. Crest of the first cer-
vical vertebra transverse, with a strong ligament passing from
_ each end across the posterior corner of the cranium to be in-
serted into the lower jaw. These ligaments prevent the opening
of the jaw beyond a very slight amount. Baird, \. ¢. 282.
Desmognathus Baird, J. Acad. N. S. Philad. U.S. 1, 282. 1849.
Triturus sp. Rafin. Annals of Nat. 1820.
Pseudotriton sp. Tschudi, Batr. 93.
Triton sp. Holbrook, N. A. Herp. 93.
Salamandra sp. Green.
1. DESMOGNATHUS NIGER.
“Black above. Sides with a few whitish spots. Abdomen purplish.
Tail round at the base, compressed, two-edged at the tip.
Tongue suboval, thin, broader behind, narrow and adherent in
front, loose and most movable at its hinder edge. Palatine
teeth in a transverse line. Sphenoid with a longitudinal series
of teeth.” Holbrook.
Salamandra nigra Green, J. A. N, S. Philad. 352. 1818; Harlan, M.
and Ph. Res. i. 99., N. A. Rept. 16.; Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 119.
S. intermixta Green, Maclurian Lyceum, i. 5.; Harlan, N. A.
Rept. 84.
S. picta Harlan, M. and P. Res. 98., N. A. Rept. 17.
Pseudotriton nigra Tschudi, Batr. 93.
Triton nigra Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. 81. t. 27.
Desmognathus niger Baird, Batr. Amer. 286.
Hab. Atlantic States, from lat. 43° to Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic.
Mus. Acad. N. S. Phil.
2. DESMOGNATHUS FUSCUS.
“Head rather large; muzzle roundish. Body elongate, stout.
Dusky purplish above, with two series of elongated sa
Seis
PLETHODONTIDZ : DESMOGNATHUS, HEMIDACTYLIUM. 41
red spots. ‘Tail with a red mesial line, compressed at the sides,
tapering, acute. Tongue round, shortly pediceled. Palatine
teeth very minute, in a line behind the nostrils, united in
middle. Sphenoid teeth (half a line behind) in two longitudinal
subparallel groups, rather wider behind.” Holbrook.
Salamandra quadrimaculata Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. 49.
S. quadramaculata Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. t. 13.
Triturus fuscus Raf. Annals of Nat. 1820. |
Sal. intermixta Green, Hall's Portfolio, xx. 259.; Macl. Lyc. i.
827.
S. picta Harlan, J. Acad. N. S. v. 138. 1828,
Desmognathus fuscus Baird, |. c. 285.
Hab. Georgia, Carolina, Pennsylvania.
3. DESMOGNATHUS AURICULATUS.
Head small. Body and tail cylindrical, dusky brown, with a red-
dish brown spot near the ear; sides with a series of minute
reddish dots. |
Salamandra auriculata Holbrook, N. Amer. Herp. v. 47. t. 11.
Plethodon ? auriculatus Riippell, Verz. Mus. Senk. 24. |
Desmognathus articulatus Baird, |. c. 286, 1849.
a—d. In spirits. New Orleans. Presented by Edward Dou-
bleday, Esq. any
7. HEMIDACTYLIUM.
Head small, rounded, truncated. Body short, round.— Tail fusiform,
compressed. Body and tail plaited on the sides.— Skin smooth.—
Sphenoid feeth in many series.— Tongue very long, acute in
front, broad behind ; front half adherent by a central linear band,
sides and under part free. —eet slender.— Toes 4:4; short,
webbed at the base. Costal furrows deep, extending to dorsal line
“Hemidactylium Tschudi, Batr. 59. 94. 1838.; Bonap. Fauna Ital.
ii. 131. n.10.; Fitz. S. R. 33.; Baird, l.c. 284, 1849 -
1. HEMIDACTYLIUM SCUTATUM.
Pale brown, beneath yellowish, black-spotted.
Hemidactylium scutatum Tschudi, Batr. 94.; Bonap. Fauna’ Ital,
li. 131. , .
Salamandra scutata Schlegel, Mus. Leyd. Abbild. t. 40. f. 4. 6.
Fauna Japonica, ii, 119.
a |
Salamandra melanosticta Gibbes, Boston Jour. N. H. v.89. t. 10.
a. In spirits. N. America, Niagara. Back with three indis-
tinct series of black specks. Sides dark, clouded.
42 | CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
D. Tongue peltate; top subcircular, dilated; free all round, only
attached by a central subcylindrical pedicel, which is surrounded
by a sheath. “ Tongue entirely protractyle, capable of consider-
able protrusion, and supported on the top of the constricted hyod
apparatus. Sphenordal teeth on two plates, not in contact, diverg-
ing behind.” Baird.—(idipina. 3
8. BATRACHOSEPS.
Head very short. Eyes prominent.—Skin smooth.—Body and tail
elongate, slender, roundish, plaited on the sides.—Lzimbs slender,
far apart. — Toes 4:4, short, slender, free.— Tongue peltate.
_ — Palatine teeth very small, in a small transverse arched series.
Batrachoseps Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 131. n. 9. 1841; Pitz. S. Rept.
33.; Baird, Jour. Acad. N. S. P. 1849, 283. 287.
Salamandrina Eschsch. Zool. Atlas, 21. (not Savi.)
. . a
1. BATRACHOSEPS ATTENUATUS.
Blackish brown. Back and upper part redder, with a black dorsal
line and diagonal cross lines. Body and tail elongate, slender,
round. Feet very small, thin. Toes 4: 4, subequal, free.
Salamandrina attenuata Esch. Zool. Ailas, t. 21. f. 1—14.
Batrachoseps attenuatus Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 131. 1841; Pitz.
S. ft. 33. |
B. attenuata Baird, 1. c. 288.
OstEoL. Esch. Zool. Atlas, t. 21. f. 5, 6.
a—c. In spirits. Young and adult. St. Francisco, California.
2. BATRACHOSEPS QUADRIDIGITATUS.
Pale straw colour, beneath bluish and silvery, vertebral and lateral
line brown dotted. Body long, slender. Tail very long.
Salamandra quadridigitata Holbrook, N. Amer. Herp. v. 65. t. 21.
Batr. quadridigitata Baird, J. A. N.S. Phil, 1849, 287. |
Hab. Georgia, Florida, 8. Carolina.
PLETHODONTIDZ : BATRACHOSEPS, SPELERPES. 43
9, SPELERPES.
Head moderate. Eyes moderate, pupil oblong, horizontal. Paro-
tids none. Tongue large, peltate, free all round, on a cylindri-
cal central pedicel. Palatine teeth in a transverse series, between
the internal nostrils. Sphenoidal teeth in two or more longitu-
dinal series. — Body subcylindrical, plaited on the sides. — Toes
4:5, free.— Tail subcylindrical, tapering, keeled ba and
rounder beneath.
Spelerpes Rajin. Atlant. Jour. i. 22. 1832; Baird, Jour. A. N. S.
Phil. 1849, 287.
Pseudotriton Tschudi, Batrac. 60. 94. 1838; Baird, Jour. A: N.S.
Phil. 1849, 286.
Batrachopsis Fitz. Syst. Rept. 34. 18.
Cylindrosoma Tschudi, Batrac. 60. 94. 1838 ; Bonap. Fauna Ital.
1.131. n. 7.
Mycetoglossus Bibron, MS., fide Bonap. Fauna Ital. 11. 131.
Molge sp. Werrem, Tent. 185.
Plethodon saurocercus /%tz. S. R. 34.
Triton sp. Troost. |
Salamandra sp. Green, Holbrook, Storer.
Larva: |
Siren sp. Pal. de Beauv. Amer. Phil. Trans. iv. 279. 1796.
Proteus sp. Green, Jour. A. N.S. Phil. i. 358. 1818.
§ Tail elongate, compressed, rounder beneath. — Spelerpes.
1. SPELERPES LONGICAUDA. bites
Nose moderate, depressed. Eyes large. Body elongate, lemon-
coloured above, marked with small, irregular, oblong or round,
black spots. ‘Tail more than twice as long as the body, com-
pressed, with black cross bands.
Salamandra longicauda G'reen, Jour. A. N.S. Philad. i. 351. 1818;
Harlan, N. A. Rept. 15., M. and Ph. Res. 16.; Holbrook, N. A.
ery. 4 GY. 4. 19.; Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 118. ; ; Dekay, Rept.
N. Y. 78. t. 17. f. 41.
Spelerpes lucifuga Raf. Atlant. Jour. i. 22. 1832.
Spel. longicauda Baird, 1. c. 287.
Cylindrosoma longicauda Tschudi, Batr. 93.; Bonap. Fauna Iial.
mM, iat.
Plethodon (Saurocercus) longicauda Fitz. S. R. 34.
a. In spirits. Half-grown ; middle of back and upper part of
44 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
tail nearly spotless. N. America. Presented by Jacob a
Green, M.D.
Salamandra longicauda Holbrook, N. A. Herp. t. 19.
6. In spirits. Adult ; back, sides, and upper part of tail with
large black irregular spots; upper lips with two cirri. N.
America.
c, d. In spirits. Half-grown ; like 6, but with an indistinct
spotless band on each side of the back. N. America. Pre-
sented by Edward Doubleday, Esq.
e. Inspirits. Yellow; back with four irregular series of black
spots, spots of the vertebral series smaller and closer to-
gether. N. America, Ohio. From Leyden Museum.
f. In spirits. Half-grown ; back and upper part of tail slightly
spotted ; spots on side and sides of tail crowded, sub-
confluent. N. America, Ohio. From Leyden Museum.
g, h. Young (var.?). Belly black-spotted. N. America.
2. SPELERPES CIRRIGERA.
‘“¢ Head short; muzzle rounded. Upper jaw 2-bearded between
nostrils and lips. Body above pale yellow, mottled with black
dots, with a dusky lateral line. ‘Tail compressed; longer than
the body. ‘Tongue elongated, oval, thin, very mobile. Palatine
teeth transverse, from inner edge of internal nares. Sphenoid
teeth very minute, mm a broad longitudinal streak to hinder end
of palate.”
Salamandra cirrigera Green, J. Acad. N. S. Philad. iv. 951. 1881 ;
Harlan, M. and P. Res. 97.; Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. 53. t. 18.
Spelerpes cirrigera Baird, Jour. A. N. 8. Phil. 1849, 287.
Hab. Louisiana and Mississippi. Probably only a variety of the
preceding, which often has two beards on the upper lip.
3. SPELERPES BILINEATA.
‘‘ Head small. Body cylindrical. Tail longer than the body, tip
slightly compressed. Above brownish yellow, sides with a black
line, belly yellow. Tongue small, suboval, thin, pediceled, very
movable. Palatine teeth in a cross line. from inner edge of
nostrils. Sphenoid teeth | in two longitudinal lines to back of
palate.”
Salamandra bilineata Green, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phil. i. 395.
1818; Harlan, N. A. Rept. 16. }
S. bilineata Holbrook, N. A. Herp. v. 55. t. 16.
S. flavissima Hoplan. Silliman’s Amer. Jour. Sct. 1825., ON. aa
Rept. 17., M. and P. Res. 97.
PLETHODONTIDZ : SPELERPES. 45
-Mycetoglossus bilineata Bonap. Faun. Ital. ii. 131. '
Spelerpes bilineata Baird, 1. c. 287. 1849.1
Hab. Massachussets, N. and S. Carolina.
4. SPELERPES GUTTOLINEATA.
Nose short. Eyes large. Body pale straw-coloured above, with
black vertebral line bifurcating behind the occiput; a black la-
teral band enclosing a row of white spots, and edged with
white, beneath. Tail nearly twice as long as body and head.
Salamandra guttolineata Holbrook, Amer. Herp. v. 29. t. 7.
_Spelerpes guttolineata Baird, |. c. 1849, 287.
a. In spirits. N. America.
§$ Tail not longer than the body, conical, keeled above, Skull as long
_ as broad. — Pseudotriton Tschudi,
5. SPELERPES RUBRA.
Nose rounded. Eyes small. Red above, darker-clouded, with
numerous black dots. Sides red, spotless, and abdomen red,
black-dotted. Tail about as long as the body, keeled above at
the end.
Salamandra rubra Latr. Rept. iv. 305.; Daud. Rept. viii. 227. t.
92. f. 2. 1803; Harlan, N. A. Rept. 16.; Holbrook, N. A. Herp.
v. 35. t. 9.; Dekay, Rept. N. Y. Oct. 17. f. 43.
Molge rubra Merrem, Tent. 183.
S. rubriventris Green, J. Acad. N. S. Philad. i. 383. 1818, adult
living ; Harlan, Med. and Phys. Res. 97.
S. maculata Green, Jour. Acad. N. S. Philad.i. 350. 1818, bleached =
Harlan, M. and P. Res. 97., N. A. Rept. 15.
Pseudotriton maculata Tschudi, Batr. 95.
S. subfusca Green, Jour. A. N. S. Phil. i. 357. 1818, adult in
spirits; Harlan, N, Amer. Rept. 15.; Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 119.
S. fusca Green, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phil. i. 357.; Harlan, M. and P.
Res: 97., N: A. Rept. 14. |
Triton subfuscus Troost.
Pseudotriton subfuscus Tschudi, Batr. 95.; Fitz. S. R. 34.
Mycetoglossus subfuscus Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 131.
Mycet. ruber Bibron.
LaRvA:
Siren operculata Pal. de Beauv. Amer. Phil. Trans. iv. 279.
t. f. 3. 1796. 3
Proteus neocesareanus Green, Jour. A. N. Phil. i. 358. 1818,
be]
*
46 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
a—t. In spirits. Different ages. N. America. Presente”
by Jacob Green, M.D. |
S. maculata Green.
j. In spirits. N. America. Presented by Prof. Verauxen.
6. SPELERPES MONTANA.
Reddish brown, with scattered well-defined black or dark brown
circular spots; beneath deep salmon colour. Tail as long as the
. body. Toes dark, without the longitudinal bar. Costal grooves 17.
Pseudotriton montanus Baird, Jour. A. N. §. Philad. 1849, 287.
Hab. N. America, Pennsylvania. (Baird.)
7. SPELERPES ? SALMONEA.
“Body and tail yellowish brown above ; yellowish salmon-coloured
on the sides, and with a salmon-coloured line on each side from
orbit to nose. Tail rather longer than the body, con
at the end.”
Salamandra salmonea Storer, MS.; Holbrook, N. A. Herp. ed. 1.
lil. t. 22. 1838, ed. 2. v.33. t. 8.; ; Dekay, Rept. 'N. Y. 76. t.16, £39.
Pseudotriton salmoneus Baird, 1. c, 287.
Hab. N. America, Vermont.
Probably S. porphyritica Green, Cont. Macl. Lyc.i.t. 1. f. 2.
8. SPELERPES ? PORPHYRITICA.
“Head moderate. Muzzle blunt. Body elongated. Tailas long
as body, compressed, and slightly keeled on the upper and
hinder half of lower edge. Above dark brown, with irregular
white spots. Tongue ‘broad, elongated, thin, attached pos-
teriorly, less so anteriorly, and most’ movable on the sides.
Palatine teeth in a continued transverse line. Sphenoid tooth-
less. Nostrils lateral, superior, with a slight ridge from them to
the orbit.”
Salamandra porphyritica Green, Maclurian Lyceum, 1. 3.t. 1. f. 2.5
Harlan, Med. and Ph. Rep. 98
Triton porphyriticus Holbrook, N. Amer. Herp. v. 83. t. 28.
Hab. Pennsylvania, French Creek. (Green.)
=. SPELERPES BELLI.
Blackish back, with two series of oblong yellow spots, front ones
confluent. N ape with a broad triangular yellow mark, with a |
PLETHODONTIDH: GEOTRITON, DIPUS. 47
large oblong yellow spot on each side. Toes short. Palatine
teeth :
a. In spirits. Tail reproduced, ? brown, tapering, rounded
_ above and below. Mexico. Presented by T. Bell, Esq.
10. GEOTRITON.
Head rounded. Muzzle high, truncated. Eyes large, prominent.
_ Parotids none. ‘Tongue large, circular, peltate, only affixed
in the middle, very mobile. Teeth very minute; palatine
placed in four series, two anterior and two posterior.—Body
rounded. Sides plaited. Skin smooth, thin, soft. Ribs none.—
Limbs slender, thin, long.—Toes 4: 5, short, thick, all united by
a web.—Soles of feet without warts.— Zail roundish, attenuated.
Geotriton Bonap. Faun. Ital. t. 31. n. 14., Amph. Eur. 67.;, Tschudi,
Batr. 59. 93. 1838; Fitz. S. R. 33. —
Salamandra sp. G'esner, Schlegel, Cuvier.
1. GEOTRITON FUSCUS.
Brown, with obscure reddish marks, beneath ash with very minute
white dots. Muzzle obliquely truncated below. Nostrils
lateral. Eyes prominent. ‘Tail rather shorter than the body.
Salamandra fusca Gesner, Quad. ov.; Aldrov., Laur. Rept. 4
Lacerta Salamandra y. Gmelin, S. N. 1. 1067.
Salamandra Savii Gosse, Cuvier, R. A.
Salamandra Genei Schlegel.
Geotriton Genei Tschudi, Batr. 94. t. 5. f. 3., Mdém. Soc. Neuch.
G. Savi Bonap. Faun. Ital. t.
Geot. fusca Bonap. Amph. Eur. 66.
S. atra (part.) Merrem, Tent. 184.
?S. funebris Bory, D. Class. Hist. Nat.
Hab. Italy. Mus. Bonaparte, Rome.
11. G@DIPUS.
Head flat, broad. Muzzle truncated. Eyes prominent. Neck
long, slender. Palatine teeth many, extending to the inner
hinder angle of the inner nostrils. Tongue small, ovate, only
affixed in the middle.— Feet small. ‘Toes ? indistinct ;
very small, broad, rounded, webbed. — Skin very smooth,
minutely punctated ; lateral line none.—7Zail subcylindric,
elongate.
48 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA,
“‘ Sphenoidal teeth on two plates, not in contact, dined ba eo
hind. Toes dilated at the top into sucker-like disks, as in Hyla. "
Baird, |. c. 282.
(Edipus Tschudi, Batr. 58. 93. 18388; Bonap. Fauna Ital. ii. 181.
n. 8.; Fitz. S.R. 34. (not Lesson, 1840.)
Salamandra sp. Cuvier, R. A.
1. CEDIPUS VARIEGATUS.
Yellow brown, with three irregular slightly inosculatory dorsal
streaks.
Salamandra platydactyla Cuv. Mus. Paris.
(Edipus platydactylus Tschudi, Bair. 93. 1834; Fitz. S. R. 34. ;
Bonap. Fauna Ital. 1. 131.; Baird, |. c. 286.
Salam. variegata Gray, Griffith, A. K. ix. 107.
a. In spirits. Tail reproduced, short, conical, thick. Mexico.
b. In spirits. ‘Tail perfect, tapering, longer than body and
head. Mexico.
K. ath as broad, peltate, attached by a round central pedicel, and by
a small Srenum on the front edge-—Ensatinina.
12. ENSATINA.
Head depressed. Nose short. Eyes large, prominent. Paro-
tids none. — Skin smooth. ~ Sides folded across.— Joes 4: 5,
elongate, free, slender.— Tail subcylindric, rounded beneath,
attenuated. — Tongue very large, round, expanded, attached by a
round central pedicel, and a slight round belt on the front mar-
gin. — Palatine teeth in two regular transverse arched woclas
partly behind the inner nostrils. Sphenoid toothless.
1. Ensatina EscuscHortzit.
Smooth, ferruginous. Back marbled. Tail pointed, nearly as long
as the body ; beneath thick, above rather compressed.
Triton ensatus E’schscholiz, Zool. Atlas, 6. t. 22. f. 1—12.
a,b,c. In spirits. California. Half-grown and young. —_
BATR. GRADIENTIA : DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 49
Animals apparently of this Suborder, which have only been
observed in ther Larva state.
1. Axotott Cuvier, R. A. 11. 119.; HMumb. Obs. Zool. Oss. Fos.
v. 1811; Mayer, Anal. 87.; Home, Phil. Trans. 1824. |
Gyrinus Hernand. N. 8. 77.; Shaw, Nat. Mise. ii. 313. (not
Linn.)
Siredon Wagler, Icon. t.20. Syst.; Tschudi, Batrac. 97. ; Fitz.
S. &. 34.
Phyllhydrus Brook, Cat. Mus.; Gray in Griffith's A. K. 1x. 108.
Triton Larva? Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825. 215.
Molge Larva Merrem, Tent. 187.
Piscibus ludicus seu Axolotl Hernand. Hisp. 76.
Gyrinus edulis seu Atolocatl Hernand. Anim. N. Hispan, 77.
Phyllhydrus pisciformis Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. 108.
Siredon Axolotl Wagler, Icon. Amph. t. 20. 1833; Tschudi,
Batr. 9.; Fitz. S. R. 34.
Proteus seu Larva Salamandre, Mexicanis Axolotl, Cuv. Humb.
Zool.i. 109. t. 12.14. f. 10. 16.
Axolotl Home, Phil. Trans. 1824, 519. t. 21. 23.; Cuvier, Oss.
Poe wate 27. 1. 24,.95., A. A. i.119.
Siren pisciformis Shaw, Zool. iii. t. 140. f.12. 1802.
Gyrinus mexicanus Shaw, Nat. Misc. t. 313. 1800.
Molge giganteus junior Merrem, Tent. 187.
Axolotus mexicanus Cuvier; Ribron, Mus. Zool. Soc. n. 674.
Axolotes guttatus Owen, Ann. and Mag. N. H. xiv. 23. ,
Hypocthon pisciformis Gravenh. Del. Mus. Urat. 84. 1829.
Siredon mexicanus Baird, |.c. 292. 1849.
Anat. Cuvier in Humboldt's Obs. Zool. t. 12.; Home, Phil.
Trans. 1824; Cuvier, Oss. Fos. v. 418. t. 27. f. 24, 25.
Ostrou. Cuvier in Humboldt, Obs. Zool. t. 14. f. 10—16.
(skeleton).
a—c. In spirits. Mexico. Mr, Brandt’s collection.
The skull, t. 3. f. 12., copied from Cuvier, Oss. Foss. t. 27. f.25.,
differs very little from that of the young Triton marmoratus, which
had not gained its second pair of legs, figured t.2. f. 10. from
Duges, t. 14. f. 89.
“It (Siredon) so much resembles the larva of Ambystoma
punctata, in both external form and internal structure, that I can-
not but believe it to be the larva of some gigantic species of this
genus. It differs from all known Perennibranchiates in possessing
the larval character of the gular or opercular flap, this being unat-
tached to the subjacent integuments, and free to the extremity of
the chin. The nondiscovery of the adult is no argument against
c
50 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
its existence. I had caught hundreds of the very remarkable larva
of Pseudotriton salmoneus near Carlisle, before I found an adult.
Until then I knew no where to refer the animal, supposing this
species to exist no nearer than the mountains of New York and
Vermont.” — Baird, Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 1849, 292.
2, AXOLOTES MACULATA Owen, Ann. and Mag.N. H. xiv. 23. 1844.
Siredon maculatus Baird, 1. c. 292. |
* Axolotes marmoratus” Owen MS. Brit. Mus.
a,b. In spirits. Pale brown, minutely punctated. Partly
dissected. Mexico. Presented by R. Owen. Esq.
Doubtful Species of B. Gradientia.
1. Cylindrosoma albipunctatum Riippell, Verz. Mus. Senk. 24., not
described. N. America.
2. Xiphosura flavomaculata Riippell, Verz. Mus. Senk. 24., not
described. N. America.
. Salamandra agilis Sager, Silliman’s Jour. Sci. xxxvi. 1839, 322
. §. lurida Rafin. Atlant. Jour. 3. 121. 1832.
. S. punctatissima W. Wood, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phil. 1825, 306.
. Triton tereticauda Eschsch. Zool. Atlas, iii. 14. Smooth,
ferruginous red; belly white, dotted. Tail acuminated,
roundish. Length six inches. California.
7. Salamandre mortuaire Bosc, N. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxi. 60. xxxi.
t.8. f.6. Toes 4:55; inner toes very small. Black, varied
with grey; belly pale brown. Tail cylindrical, longer than the
body. ,
a oO -
8. Salamandra granulata Dekay, Rept. N. Y. 78. t. 23. f. 66. 1842
9. Salamandra coccinea Dekay, Rept. N. Y. 81. t. 21. f. 54. 1842
=? N. miniata Rajin.
10..Sal. ocellatus Fitz. N. Class. Rept. 1825.
11, Sal. similis Fitz. N. Class. Rept. 1825.
12. Triturus hypoxanthus Rajfin. Annals of Nat. n. 20, 1820.
13. T. nebulosus Raffin. Annals of Nat. n. 23. 1820.
14, T. lutescens Rajin. Atlantic Jour. n. 3. 121. 1832.
PSEUDOSAURIA. i
Orper II. PPEUDOSAURIA.
Body elongate, lizard-like, with a tail.
Legs four, rudimentary.
Gills rudimentary, internal. Gill apertures permanent throughout »
life.
Internal nostrils on the sides of the palate, surrounded by the bone of
the palate.
Amphiumide G'ray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 216.
Imperfectibranchia Hogg, Ann. N. H..1839.
Ichthyodi hedreoglossi Wagler, Syst. 1830.
Amph. abranchia Bell in Todd’s, Cyclop. Med. 1835 (not Hogg).
A. urophora (part.) Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839.
B. tetrapoda (part.) Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839.
B. lacertiniformia (part.) Hogg, 1. c.
Diplopneumena mancabranchia Hogg, |. c.
Menopomatide Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839.
Monopneumena imperfectibranchia Hogg, |. c. 1839.
Monopneumena caducibranchia arcumanentia Hogg’, 1839.
A. diplopneumena imperfectibranchia Hogg, Ann. and Mag. N. H.
1841, 362.
Proteideee Tschudi, Batr. 1838, 26.
_Derotremata Miiller, Isis, 1831, 710., Ann. and Mag. N. H. 1841,
355.
Cryptobranchoidee (part.) Fitz. Class. 66.; Holbrook, N. A. Herp.
87
Cryptobranchoidei Hichw. Zool. Spec. ii. 164.
Ichthyodi (part.) Bonap. Amph. Eur. ii. 1839.
Ichthyodea Fitz. S. R. 34.
Hemisalamandre et Derotremata Fitz. S. Rept. 34.
Salamandra andriadine Bonap. Fauna Ital., Amph. Eur. 11.
B. U. Trematodera (part.) Dum. & Bib.
B. U. Trematodera a. Baird, Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 1849, 289.
Abranchia (part.) Swainson, Cab. Cyclop. il. 342.
Synopsis of Families.
I. Proronorsipz. Legs strong. Palatine teeth in a transverse
arched series.
Il. Ampuiumip#. Legs weak. Palatine teeth in two longitu-
dinal diverging series.
c 2
§2 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA,
Fam. I. PROTONOPSID&.
Body depressed, fringed on the sides.
Legs four, well developed, fringed on the sides.
Toes 4: 5.
Hlead depressed. Bones of skull soldered together.
Jaws with a single series of teeth.
Palate with an arched series of teeth on the front edge of the
vomer, near to and parallel with the intermaxillary and maxillary
teeth. See t.3. f.18.
Amphiumide (part.) Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825 ; Bonap. Desc. Anim.
Vert. 26. 1832.
Andriadina et Protonopsidina Bonap. Fauna Ital. i. 131., Amph.
Eur.
Synopsis of Genera.
1. Sresoitp1A. Tail depressed at the base, compressed at the end.
Toes free.
2. Proronorsis. ‘Tail compressed. Toes webbed.
1. STIEBOLDIA.
Head large, ovate, trigonate, densely glandular. Muzzle produced.
Crown convex. Forehead concave. Nostrils marginal, approxi-
mate. Eyes very small, scarcely to be seen. Parotids none.
Tongue not distinct; united to the tegument of the base of the
mouth. Palatine teeth numerous. — Feet with a crustaceous
appendage behind. Toes 4:5, small, free, depressed, with a
depressed lateral cutaneous lobe.— Tail depressed, roundish at
the base.—Body depressed, with transverse plaits and a thick —
cutaneous appendage along each side.
Megalobatrachus Tschudi, Batrac. 61. 96. 1838; Fitz. S. R. 34.
Sieboldia Bonap. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, Fauna Ital. ii. 131. n. 2.
Cryptobranchus sp. Van der Hoeven. P. Z. S. 1838, 25., Tijdsch. 1.
Salamandra sp. Schlegel.
Hydrosalamandra Leuckart, Froriep. Not. xii. 19.
1. SIEBOLDIA MAXIMA.
Megalobatrachus Sieboldii Tschudi, Batr. 96.; Fitz. S. R. 33.
Salamandra maxima Schlegel, Fauna Japon. vii. t. 6, 7, 8.
Sieboldia maxima C. Bonap. MS. 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. 183"
Fauna Ital. 11. 131.
PROTONOPSIDZ : SIEBOLDIA, PROTONOPSIS. 53
Cryptobranchus japonicus Van der Hoeven, Proc. Z. Soc. 1838, 25.,
Tijdsch. 1. t. 1. f.56., Fauna Japon. t.
Hydrosalamandra japonica Leuckart, Froriep. Not. xii. 19.
a. Skin stuffed. Japan. From Leyden Museum.
b. Skeleton of a. Japan. From Leyden Museum.
2. PROTONOPSIS.
Head large, ovate, trigonate, flat. Muzzle produced. Mouth large.
Jaws with a series of minute teeth. Palatine teeth small, con-
centric with the maxillary on front edge of the vomerine bones.
Nostrils marginal, close together, square. ‘Tongue very indis-
tinct.—Neck with a single slit on each side.—Body depressed,
granose. — Tail compressed. — Feet short, outer edge fringed.
Toes 4:5, short, webbed, clawless; outer toe of the hind foot
fringed. —The palatine teeth have been taken for a second series
of maxillary. t.4.f.18.
Protonopsis (part.) Barton on Siren lacertina, 28.
Salamandrops Wagler, Syst.; Fitz. S. R. 34.
Cryptobranchus sp. Leuck. Isis, 1821, 257., Mém. Soc. Strasb. iii.
Fitz. N. Class. 66. 1826 ; Eichw. Zool. Spee. il. 164.; Van Fs
Hoeven, Tijdsch.
Menopoma Harlan, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.i. 270. 1825; Tschudi, Batr.
96.; Cuvier, R. Act L1G.; Baird, 1. ¢. 1849, 290.; Owen,
ssa a S. 1838, 25.
Abranchus Harlan, Ann. Lyc. N. Y, 1.221. 1825; Gray, Griffith's
A, K. ix. 109.
Eurycea ftafin. Atlant. Jour. 1832.
1. PRoronorsis HoRRIDA. Hellbender.
Pale cinereous, with darker blotches. Head very large, broad.
Protonopsis horrida Barton.
Abranchus horridus Gray, Grriffith’s A. K. ix. 109.
Salamandra horrida Barton.
Salamandra gigantea Barton on Siren lacertina, 28.; Cumer,
R. A. ui. 101. ed. 2. i. 118.
Molge gigantea Merrem, Tent. 187.
Menopoma gigantea Tschudi, Batr. 96.
Salamandrops gigantea Wagler, Syst. ; Fitz. S. R. 34.
Salamandra alleghaniensis SE; "Daud, Rept. viii. 231, 1803;
Latr. Rept. ui. 253. fig. ; Cuv. Oss. Foss. v. 2.
Menopoma alleghaniensis Watine. Ann. N. Y. Lyc. 1. 270. 1825,
J. A. N. P. 320.; Wied. Voy. Amer. N. iii. 313.; Dekay, Rept.
Hy. ¥ 89. t. 08. f. 44. ; Baird, \. c. 290.
Abranchus alleghaniensis Harlan, Ann. N. Y. Lye. i. 221. 1825 ;
Leconte, Ann. che Ne York, i. t. BA
54 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Triton alleghaniensis Daud. Rept. viii. 231.
Leverian Water Newt Shaw, Zool. 44. 303. 1802.
Proteus of the Lakes (young) Say, Jour. A. S. Phil. i. i 4
Cryptobranchus alleghaniensis Van der Hoeven, Tijdsch. i. t. f. 4.7.
1838. .
Cryptobranchus salamandroides Leuck. Isis, 1821, 257.; Fitz. N.
C. 66. 1826. 3
Eurycea mucronata Rafin. Atlant. Jour. No. 3. 121. 1832. :
Alligator at Pittsburg. i‘
Osteot. t. 4. f. 18. Cuvier, Oss. Fos. v. 409. t. 26. f. 3, 4, 5, 6.
(skull). ; Van der Hoeven, |. c. t. 1. f. 4.
a. In spirits. Young, not good state. N. America. From
the Leyden Museum.
b. In spirits. Adult. N. America.
2. PRoTONOPSIS FUSCA.
Head large, flat. Muzzle full and rounded. Body uniform, pale
brown, beneath paler.
Menopoma fusca Holbrook, H. Amer. Herp. v. 99. t. 33.; Baird,
I, c. 290.
Hab. N: Carolina and Georgia. Probably only a variety of the
former. |
Fam. I. AMPHIUMID.
Head oblong, nearly four-sided. Muzzle truncated. Lips thick,
external. Gape small. Jawswith a series of small golden-coloured
teeth. Palate with two subcentral, longitudinal, rather diverg-
ing series of teeth, nearly parallel to the maxillary teeth. (See
t. 4, f.21., from Owen, Odont. t. 62. f. 7.) ‘Tongue indistinct.
Internal nostrils surrounded by bone on the sides of the palate.
Neck with a foramen on each side.
Body eel-shaped.
Feet four, short, slender, jointless, of little use for walking.
Toes rudimentary.
ibs very rudimentary.
Living in water, burrowing in the mud in swamps near streams.
Hybernates.
Amphiumide (part.) Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825 ; Bonap. Distrib. Anim.
Avert. 27., Amph. Eur.
Amphiuminina Bonap. Amph. Eur. 62. ,
Amphiuma Cuvier, R. A. iu. 118.
Abranchia (part.) Swains. Cab. Cyclop. 1. 342. 1839.
————
AMPHIUMIDZ : AMPHIUMA, MURZENOPSIS.
Gr
Or
Synopsis of Genera.
1. AmpniumaA. Toes 2: 2.
2. Murznopsis. Toes 3: 3.
1. AMPHIUMA.
Toes 2: 2.
Amphiuma Linn. ; Garden, Correspond. with Linn. 1821; Cuvier,
Oss. Fos. v. 420., Mem. Mus. H. N. xiv. 4.; Wagler, Icon. 6.;
Tschudi, Batr, 97.; Baird, 1. c. 1849, 290.
Chrysodonta Mitchill, Med. Recorder, 1822.
Sirenoides Fitz. S. R. 34.
1. AmMpuiuMA MEANS. Congo Snake.
Dark brown.
Amphiuma means Zinn. ; Garden in Smith's Correspondence of Lin-
neus, 333. 599. 532.; Holbrook, N. A. Herp. t.30.; Harlan,
Jour. N.S. Phil. 11., Annal. Lyc. N. Y. 126. t. 22.
Amph. didactylum Cuv. Mém. Mus. xiv. 4.t. f. 1, 2, 3. 1828;
Wagler, Icon. t. 19. f. 1., Bull. Sct. Nat. 163.
Chrysodonta larveformis Mitchill, Medical Recorder, 1822, No. 19. ;
Harlan, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phil. ww. 54.
Siren similis Linn. ; Smith, Corresp. 1. 599.
Sirenoides didactylum Fitz. S. R. 34.
Anat. Harlan. J. A. N.S. iii. 55.
a. In spirits. Adult. N. America.
b, c. In spirits. N.America. Presented by T. Bell, Esq.
2. MURZENOPSIS.
Toes 3: 3.
Murenopsis itz. S. Rh. 34.»
Amphiuma sp. Cuvier, R, A. 1. 118.
?Siren (adult) Rusconi.
1. MurzNopsis TRIDACTYLA.
Amphiuma tridactyla Cuv. Mém. Mus. xiv. t. 1.3; Holbrook,
N. A. Herp. t. 31.; Baird, |. c. 1849, 290.
_ Mureenopsis tridactyla Fitz. S.R.34.
?Four-footed Siren, Siren quadrupeda Barton on Siren lacertina.,
Siren lacertina (adult) Rusconi, Amour. Salam, p. 11.
OsTEo.. t. 4.f.21. Owen, Odont. t. 62. f. 7.
a. In spirits. Florida, N. America. Presented by R.
Harlan, M. D
c 4
56 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Orver III. PSEUDOPHIDIA.
Body elongate, subcylindrical. Limbs none.
Skin smooth, wrinkled, with minute embedded scales. »~™ as
Tail extremely short. ro wart
Vent open at the extremity of the body. me Wy Ques q
Gill opening on the side of the neck, closed in the adults. inaerege
Bones of skull united into a solid mass. Ws
Internal nostrils on the hinder part of the palate, surrounded by
bone.
Jaws with a series of teeth.
Palate with an arched series of teeth in the centre, parallel to the
maxillary one, and before the internal nostrils. See Dugés,
Batr. t. 14. f. 93. 95. copied t. 4. f. 19.
Amphibia Serpentes (part.) Linn. S. Nat. i. 349.
’ Abranchia Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839. 270.
~~ Batrachii apoda Oppel. Rept. 1811; Merrem, Tent. 1820.
' Ceecilize hedreoglossee Wagler, Syst. 1830.
}
Amph. apoda Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825; Bell, Todd’s Cyclop. Med.
1835, 237.
Amph. menopneumena abranchia Hogg, I. c. 18. 1839.
Cécilies Blainv. N. Ann. Mus. 1836.
~~ Ophiosomes ou Céciliodes Duméril, Compte rendu, 1839, 22.:
~ Gymnophidia seu Cecilia Miiller, Isis, 1831, 710.
- A. celatibranchia Hogg, Ann. and Mag. N. #1. 1841, 361.
Les Serpens nus Cuvier, Rég. Anim. ii. 86. ed. 2. ii. 98.
Ophidia gymnodermia afin, Annal. Nat. 78. 1815.
Lacertz (Ceecilioidei) Fitz. ; Hichw. Zool. Spec. iii. 177.
~~ Batrachophidi Bonap. Dist. Anim. Vert. 24., Amph. Eur. 10.
1839.
~~ Pseudophidiens ou Cécilies Blainv. Bul. Soc. Philom. 1816. 119.
Ceecilioidea Fitz. N. Class. 63. 1826.
Ophiosoma Dum. & Bib. Erp. Gen. viii.
Ceciliade Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 217.; Hogg, Ann. N. Hist. 1839,
270., 1841, 361.; Dum. et Bib. Erp. Gen. viii.
Crecilize Tschudi, Batr. 1838, 26.; Fitz. 8S. R. 34.
Epicria Pitz. S. R. 34.
Peromeles ou Cecilioides Dum. & Bib. Erp. Gen. viii. 97.
Ceeciliidee Bonap. Amph. Eur. 51. |
Ceciliina Bonap. Amph. Eur. 51.
~ Ophidio-Batraciens Duvernoy, Rev. Zool. 1849, 185.
Apoda Swains. Cab. Encyc, i. 343. a
CORCILITDA: CUSCILIA. oF
Fam. I. CQACILIID:.
Character and Synonyma of Order.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Muzzle pitted.
1. Cacrr1a. The pit under each nostril.
2. Sipnonors. The pit before each eye. Body with broad rings.
3. Icutuyoruis. The pit before each eye. Body with narrow
rings.
B. Muzzle not pitted.
4. RHINATREMA.
A. Muzzle with Pits on each side.
1, CQHCILIA.
Head cylindrical. Muzzle prominent. Maxillary and palatine
_ teeth short, strong, conical. ‘Tongue velvety, with two hemi-
spheres corresponding to the inner holes of the nostrils. Eyes
seen through the skin, or indistinct. A small pit or false nostril
below each nostril.
Cecilia Tschudi, Batr. 26. 55. 90.; Fitz. S. -R. 34.; Dum. et Bib.
Erp. Gen, viii. 274.
Ozs. Cecilia nasuta Herm. is a fish (Sphagebranchus).
1. CascILIA GRACILIS.
Body very long and slender, smooth, except near the cylindrical
hinder extremity, where there are 15 close circular plaits. Tail
rounded, depressed, rounder above. Muzzle broad, rounded.
Cecilia gracilis Shaw, Zool. iii.597. 1802 ; Hempr. Berl. Mag. 1824,
294.
C. lumbricoidea Daud. Rept. vii. 410. t. 92. f. 2.1802 ; Dum. et Bib.
H. G.. viii. 275.
C. lumbricoides Merrem, Tent. 168.; Cuv. R. A. ii. 100.; Gray
in Griff. A. K. ix, 284.
C. vermiformis Shaw, MS. B. M.
c 5
58 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Ostnou. Dugés, Bair. t. 14. f. 92—95.
a. In spirits. Wants head, discoloured. Specimen named by :
G. Shaw, M.D.
Cecilia gracilis Shaw.
b. In spirits. Black.
c. In spirits. Black, wants head. Demerara. Presented by
J. Hadfield, Esq. |
d. In spirits. Bleached. Shorter.
C. vermiformis G. Shaw, MS. Brit. Mus.
e. In spirits. Without head (var.). Thicker, rings wider
apart. S. America.
2. CacILiA TENTACULATA.
Body cylindrical, rather thick, elongate, with 150 sometimes in- ~
complete rings. Muzzle broad, rounded. Tail rounded. |
Cecilia albiventris Daud. Rept. vii. 422. t. 92. f. 2. 1802; Cuv.
Rh. A. i. 100.; Gray, Griffith's A. K. ix. 283.; Dum. et Bib. H. G.
vill. 277.
C. tentaculata Shaw, Zool. ii. t. 1386, 1802.
a. In spirits. Specimen named by Dr. G. Shaw in Brit.
us.
Cecilia tentaculata Shaw.
3. CaicILIA COMPRESSICAUDA.
Body elongate, rather thick. Back smooth, with ring-like folds
beneath. Muzzle broad, rounded. End of the nats com-
pressed, angular above. Cloaca quite terminal.
Ceecilia compressicauda Dum. § Bib. E. Gen. vii. 278.
Hab. Cayenne.
4, CacILIA ROSTRATA. ‘a 4
Body short, rather thick, cylindrical, with 25 circular eae
Muzzle narrow, obtusely pointed. ‘Tail rounded.
Cecilia rostrata Cuv. R. A. ii. 100.; Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. 284. ;
Dum. et Bib. Erp. Gen. viii. 279.
Hab. S. America.
5. CamciniA OXYURA.
Body short, moderately thick, cylindrical, with 180 olssbe the 30
last only ‘surrounding the body. Muzzle rather narrowed. Tail .
pointed. | a,
CEHCILIIDA : SIPHONOPS. 59
Cecilia oxyura Dum. § Bib. E. Gen. viii. 280.
Hab. Malabar. Museum, Paris.
6. Ca@cILIA SQUALOSTOMA.
Body cylindrical, deep olive, with confluent yellow spots, with 140.
or 144 rings, the 12 hinder not completely surrounding the
body. Muzzle prominent, with a slight protuberance rather
below and behind the nostril. Eyes not distinct.
Cecilia squalostoma Stutchbury, Linn. Trans. xvii. 362. -
Hab. Africa, Gambia. Mus. Bristol Institution.
2. SIPHONOPS.
Head and body cylindrical, with broad rings. Muzzle short.
Maxillary and palatine teeth strong, pointed, slightly curved.
Tongue broad, entire, with vermiform pits. Hyes seen through
the skin. A pit or false nostril on the lip, in the middle between
the nostrils and the eye.
_ Anat. Duvernoy, Régne Anim. Croch.t. 36., Rev. Zool. 1849, 186.
Siphonops Wagler, Syst. 198. (1828) ; Tschudi, Batr. 55. 90. ; Fitz.
S. R.34.; Dum. et Bib. Erp. Gen. vii. 282.
Cecilia sp. Mikan, Cuvier.
1. SIPHONOPS INTERRUPTA.
Body with 86 or 90 equally distanced, nearly regular rings.
Muzzle broad, rounded. ‘Tail rounded. |
Siphonops annulatus Wagler, Syst.198.; Dum. et Bib. Erp. Gen.
viii. 282.
Cecilia annulata Mikan, Delect. Braz. t.11.; Spiz, Braz. t. 26.
ae
C. interrupta Cuv. R. A. ii. 100.
a. In spirits. Brazils. Presented by Lord Stuart.
b. In spirits. Brazils. From the Leyden Museum.
2. SIPHONOPS MEXICANA.
Rings on the front half of the body regular, equidistant; of the
hinder half twice as close as the upper ones, only encircling the
_ dorsal half of the body. Muzzle slightly narrowed. Tail
rounded. Back slate-coloured, beneath white ; vent with a white
ring. |
c 6
60 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
years
eA
Siphonops mexicanus Dum. § Bib. Erp. Gen. vill. 284.
Amphisbeena versatilis Johnston, MS. B. M. 1820. ) 8
a, b. In spirits. Mexico. Presented by Captain Sir Edwrr
Belcher, K.C.B., R.N.
ce. In spirits. Mexico. Presented by C. Johnston, Esq.
Amphisbena versatilis Johnston, MS.
3. ICHTHYOPHIS.
Head depressed, elongate. Muzzle obtuse. Maxillary and pala-
tine teeth slender, acute, hooked. ‘Tongue entire, velvet-like. —
Eyes distinct. A pit (or tentacle) below the eye, near the edge.
of the upper lip.—Body rather fusiform, with numerous crowded
circular folds.
Ichthyophis Fitz. N. Class. 63.
Epicrium Hasselt, Isis, 1827; Wagler, Syst. 198.; Tschudi, Batr.
55. 90.; Fitz. S. R. 34. !
Cecilia sp. Linn.; Van Hasselt, Isis. 1827, 565.; Gray, Ann. Phil.
1825. -
1. IcHTHYOPHIS GLUTINOSUS.
Body with 325 ring-like plaits; brown, with a white streak on
each side. ‘Tail conical.
Ichthyophis Hasselti Fitz. Verz. 63.
Kpic. Hasselti Wagler, Isis, 1828, 743.
Epicrium glutinosum Dum. & Bib. Erp. Gen. viii. 286.
Cecilia glutinosa Linn. S. N. 1. 393.; Seba, u.-t. 25. f. 2.3; Gray,
in Griff. A. K. ix. 248.
C. viscosa Latr. Rept. iv. 238.
C. hypocyanea Hasselt, Isis, 1827, 365.; Schlegel, Abbild. t. 39. f.
1. jun.
a. In spirits. Ceylon. Presented by Sir Joseph Banks,
Bart. P.R.S. |
B. Muzzle not pitted.
4, RHINATREMA
Head depressed, elongate. Muzzle blunt, without any pits. Teeth, —
maxillary and palatine, slender, acute, ‘pent backwards, Tongue
entire, velvety. Eyes distinct.— Body rather fusiform, with nu- ~
merous circular plaits. Black, with a yellow band on each sides, ‘
- Rhinatrema Dum. & Bib. Vili. 288. ; Fitz. S. &. 34.
Cecilia sp. Cuvier, R. A. ii. 100.
PSEUDOICHTHYAS. 61
1. RHINATREMA BIVITTATUM.
Rhinatrema bivittatum Dum. & Bib. H. G. viii. 288.
Cecilia bivittata Cuv. R. A. ii. 100.; Guérin, Icon. t. 25. f. 2.
Gray in Griff. A. K. ix. 284.
Hab. Cayenne. Mus. Paris.
B. Smrenus. — Nostrils not enclosed in a bony case; the internal one
in front, between the lips and the bones of the palate. Maxil-
lary bones none, or rudimentary. Palate and lower jaw toothed.
Cuvier (Oss. Fos. v. 240.) observes that the internal nostril is
the character which best separates these animals from fish. See
also Owen (Linn. Trans. xviii. 327.).
Orper IV. PSEUDOICHTHYAS.
Body elongate, fish-like ; covered with imbricated oval scales ; and
with dorsal and caudal membranes resembling fins, strengthened
with soft jointed rays.
_ Legs four, rudimentary, elongated, subulate.
‘Gill external, under side tufted ; internal, on the edge of some of
the septa between the gill openings. Melville.
External nostrils not enclosed in a bony case; the internal ones
between the lips and the bones of the palate.
Mazille none. Intermaxille very small, with one or two teeth.
Palatine teeth very large. Lower jaw with large teeth. t. 4. f.20.
Heart with two auricles.
Lungs equal.
_ Trachea, on ventral face of digestive tube.
_ Amph. diplopneumena fimbribranchia Hogg, Ann.and Mag. N. H.
_-:1841, 362.
_ Pisces (part.) Owen, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 1839, Ann. and Mag.
— N. Fi. 265., Ann. Sci. Nat. x. 371.; Bonap. Pisces Europ.
_ Amphibia (part.) Bichoff, Mem. Leipzig, 4to, 1840, and in Ann.
Set. Nat. 1840; Jones, Outlines of Animal King. 538.; M. Ed-
wards, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1840, 159., and in Ann. and Mag. N. H.
1841, 468.; Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 121.
_ Ichthyo-Batraciens Duvernoy, Rev. Zool. 1849, 188.
62 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Fau. I. LEPIDOSIRENID.
Synopsis of Genera.
1. Leprpostren. Ribs fifty-five pair.
2. Proroprerus. Ribs thirty-six pair.
1. LEPIDOSIREN.
Ribs 55 : 55.—Body elongate.—Limbs anterior, simple.
Lepidosiren Fitzinger ; Wiegmann, Arch. 1837, 232.; Natterer,
Annal. Wiener Mus. 1837, i. 165.; Owen, Linn. Trans. xviii.
327.; Bischoff, Mém. Anat. 1840, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1840, 159.
Ann. N. Hist. vi. 466., vil. 362. ; Pitz. S. R. 34.; Schlegel, Faun.
_ Japon. 121.
Amphibichthys Hogg, Ann. and Mag. N. H. 1841, 362.
1. LEPIDOSIREN PARADOXA. Caramuru.
Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitz. Ann. Wiener Mus. 1837, ii. 165. t.
Bischoff, Mém. Anat., Ann. Sci. Nat. 1840.
OstEoL. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1840, t.
Hab. Brazils. Mus. Vienna.
2. PROTOPTERUS.
Ribs 36 : 36.—Body short, tapering. — Limbs anterior, simple.
Lepidosiren sp. Owen, Linn. Trans. xviii. 327., Odont. t. 59.t.;
Milne- Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1840, 371., Ann. and Mag. N. H.,
1841, 466. 497.; Hogg, Ann. and Mag. N. H. vii. 1841; Jones,
Outlines of Anim. K.538.; Jardine, Ann. and Mag. N. H. 1841,
vil. 21.; Melville, Rept. Brit. Assoc. 1847; Miiller, Ann. and
Mag. N. H.,1845, 348. ,
| Protopterus Owen, Cat. Col. Surg. MS., Linn. Trans. xviii. 332.
Protomelus Hogg, Ann. and Mag. N. H. vii. 359. note, 1841.
Rhinocryptis Peters ; Miller, Obers. Berl. Acad]1844, and Ann. and
N. H: 1845, 348.
1. PROTOPTERUS ANNECTENS. Saget hin ed
Lepidosiren annectens Owen, Linn. Trans. xviii. 322.; Jardine, —
Ann. and Mag. N. H. 1841, vu. 21. fig. p.24, 25.; Melville, —
Rept. Brit. Assoc. 1847. _ | ee: Me
Ri ha ys . ‘ { 4 oft PA Np +]
ie ae: Pr Git ayes een ae “Tn
Gey 8 FS Qt an ,
MEANTIA. 63
Ostron. t. 4. f. 20. Owen, Linn. Trans., Odont. t. 59.
a—d. In spirits. Gambia. Presented by the Earl of Derby
e—f. In spirits. Gambia. Presented by J. Gates, Esq.
2. PROTOPTERUS RHINOCRYPTIS. |
Rhinocryptis amphibia Miiller, Obers. Berl. Acad. 1844, Arch.
Phys. 1845. t. ; Ann. and Mag. N. H. 1845, 348.
Anat. Miiller, 1. c.
Hab. Quillemane. Dr. Peters, Mus. Berlin. “ The same as the
preceding.” Dr. Melville.”
Orper V. MEANTIA......
Body elongate, naked, smooth.
Legs two or four, rudimentary, weak, with short weak toes.
Gulls external, well developed, permanently developed during the
whoie life of the animal.
_ Nostrils not enclosed in a bony case; the inner ones opening be-
tween the lips and the palatine bones.
Eyes small, without eyelids.
Mazille rudimentary or wanting ; intermaxille toothed.
Palate and lower jaw toothed. See t.4. f. 16.17.
_ Sebe, seu Reptilia caudata (part.) Scopoli, Introd. H. N. 463. 1777.
}
Meantia Rajin. Annal. Nat. 78. 1815.
Amphibia amphipneusta (part.) Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 215.; Bell,
Todd's Cyclop. Med. 1835. |
Sirenes Linn. ; Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 215.
Sirenide Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 215.; Bonap. Distr. A. Vert. 27.,
Amph. Eur.
B. Grad. amphipneusta Merrem, Tent. 1820.
Amph. perennibranchia Ichthyoida Latr. Fam. Nat. 1825.
Ord. Manentibranchia Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839.
Ichthyodi hedrzoglossi (s. 2.) Wagler, Syst. 1830.
Reptilia malacoderma amphibia Kirby, Bridgw. Treat. ii. 4165.
A. dipoda et tetrapoda (part.) Hogg, 1. c.
_A. anguiformia et pisciformia (part.) Hogg, I. ¢.
-Diplopneumena externibranchia Hogg, |. c. 18. 1839.
Proteidea Muller, Isis, 1831, 710.
Peromeles (part.) Dum. & Bib. Erp. Gen.
64 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
A. manentibranchia Hogg, Ann. and Mag. N. H. 1841, 362.
Proteides Tschudi, Batr. 1828, 26.
Phanerobranchidee Fitz. ; Holbrook, N. A. Herp. 101. |
Achthyoidei Hichw. Zool. ‘Spee. iii. 163. _
Ichthyodi (part.) Bonap. Amph. Eur. 11. 1839. .
Amphibiens ou Proteus ou Sirens Blainv. Bull. Soe. Philom.
1816, 119.
Subichthiens Blainv. Org. Anim. t. 5. 1822.
Ichthyodea branchiata Fitz. Syst. R. 35.
-Perennibranchia, or Phanerobanchia Bonap. Distr. An. Vert. 1832.
Exobranches ou Proteoides Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gen. viii. 94.
B, U. trematodera 8. Baird, J. A. N. Phil. 1849, 290.
A. Amphipneura Swains. Cab. Cyc. i. 339. 1839.
Synopsis of Families.
L Prorers. Legs four, weak. Tail compressed. Palate with
a single series of teeth on the front edge of the vomerine
bone.
II. Sirewipz. Legs two, anterior. Body subcylindrical. Pala-
tine teeth in numerous cross series on the vomerine bone.
Fam. IL. PROTEID4.
Limbs four, weak.
Tail compressed.
Gill-flaps distinct.
Palatine teeth in two long series on the front edge of the vomerine
bones. t. 4. f.16.
Proteina Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 215.
Ichthyoida (part.) Latr. Fam. Nat. 1825.
Proteide Hogg, Ann. N. Hist. 1839.
Hypochthonina Bonap, Amph. Eur.
Synopsis of Genera.
1. Proteus. Head long, truncated in front. Toes 3:4. Tail
short, compressed. Maxillary bone incomplete, toothless.
2. Necrurus. Head broad, depressed. Toes 4:4. Tail com- ‘i
pressed. Maxillary bone complete, toothed. ‘
PROTEIDZH !: PROTEUS. 65
1. PROTEUS.
Head oblong, truncated. Eyes very small. Maxillary teeth none.
Palatine teeth in two long series. t.4.f.16. Tongue not to
be distinguished. — Gills large, 3: 3. on each side, fringed.
— Feet four.—Toes 3: 4.— Tail short, compressed. — Body
elongate, cylindrical. — Skin smooth.
Proteus (sp.) Laur. Rept. 37. 1788; Schneider, Amph. i. 31.
Proteus Schreiber, Phil. Trans. 1801; Latr. Rept. iv. 310.; Daud.
Rept. viii. 263.; Michah, Isis, 1830, 190.; Cuvier, R. An. ui. 102.,
Oss. Fos. v. 427. (not Miller.)
_ Larvarius Rafin. Annal. Nat. 78. 1815. |
Platyrhynchus Leuckart, Equo Bisulco, 4. 1816.
Hypochthon Merrem, Tent. 188. 1820; Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825,
215.; Tschudi, Batrac. 97.; Fitz. S. R. 35.
1. PROTEUS ANGUINUS.
Pale bluish, becoming darker when exposed.
Proteus anguinus Laur. Rept. 37. t. 4. f.3.; Schreib. Amph. 1. 45.
Phil. Trans. 1801; Confighachi et Rusconi, Prot. Ang.; Latr.
Rept. ii. 306.; Daud. Rept. viii. 266.; Cuvier in Humb. Obs.
, Zool. i. 119. t. 13. f. 5. —10..102.
_ Siren anguinus Shaw, Zool. iii. 608.
. Hypochthon Laurentit Merrem, Tent. 188.; Fitz. N. Class, 66.,
8. R. 35.3; Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 215.
H. anguinus Bonap. Amph. Eur. 94.; Tschudi, Batr. 97.
P. Laurentii, P. Freyeri, R. Schreibersii, R. Zoysii, P. Carrare,
and P. xanthostictus Filzinger, Mus. Vienna.
Osrrot. t.4. f.16. Cuvier, Humboldt, Obs. Zool. 1.418. (skelet.),
Oss. Fos.v. 427. t. 27. f. 14, 15. )
a. In spirits. Adult. Carniola.
S. anguinus Shaw, B. M.
b—d. In spirits. Nearly adult. Carniola
e, f. In spirits. Young. Carniola. Presented by M. Drum-
mond, Esq. |
g. In spirits. Nearly adult. Carniola. Presented by B.
Tyndall, Esq.
h. In spirits, Young. Carniola? Presented by Miss Bell.
t. In spirits. Half-grown. Carniola?
k. In spirits. Adult. Krain, Magdalenengrotte.
P. anguinus Schreber.
1. In spirits. Adult. Krain. From the Vienna Museum.
P. Laurentii Fitzinger.
m. In spirits. Adult. Krain. From the Vienna Museum.
P. Freyeri Fitzinger.
66 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA,.
n, 0. In spirits. Adult. Krain and Adelsburg. From the ~
Vienna Museum.
P. Schreibersii Fitzinger. pee
p. In spirits. Adult. Krain. From the Vienna Museum.
P. Zoysu Pitzinger.
q. In spirits. Adult. Presented by Professor Carrara.
P. Carrare Fitzinger. — |
2. NECTURUS.
Head large, broad, depressed. Mouth large. Lip thick, fleshy.
Eyes small. Jaws with a single series of conical pointed
teeth. Palate with along arched series of teeth on the front of
the vomerine bones, concentric with the maxillary teeth. Pte-
rygoid teeth few. ‘Tongue broad, full in‘ front, free and mov-
able at the tip and front of the sides. Spiracles two on each
side.—Gill large, three-lobed, each concealing the spiracles. —
Feet four. Toes 4:4, clawless. — Body nearly smooth.— Tail
compressed.
Protonopsis (part.) Barton on Siren Lacertina.
Proteus sp. Barnes; Mitchell, Silliman’s Jour. iv.; Lacép. Ann.
Mus. x. 230.; Mayer, Anal. 82.
Necturus Rafin. Jour. Phys. \xxxviii. 417.1819 ; Annal. Nat. 1820;
Wagler, Syst. 210.; Fitz. S. R. 35. oy
Menobranchus Harlan, Annal. N. Y. Lyc. 1. 221. 1825, Journ. —
Acad. N. S. Philad. iv. t. 21.3; Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 216. ;
Tschudi, Batr. 97.; Cuvier, R. A u.119. |
Salamandra sp. Schneid. Amph. i. 50.
Triton (larva?) Say, James's Travels, 1. 5. 203. 1823; Jour. Acad.
N. S. Philad. 111.
Exobranchia Rajin. Annal. Nat. 78. 1815.
Phanerobranchus Fitz. N. Class. 43. 68. 1826.
Sirena sp. Rafin. Amer. Month. Mag. iv. 41. 1818.
1. NECTURUS MACULOSUS.
Dusky cinereous grey, with irregular subcircular darker spots; a
dark streak from nose over the eyes.
Salamandra sp.? elacu Champlain Schneider, Amph. i. 50. 1799.
Proteus tetradactylus Lacép. Ann. Mus. x. 230. t. 17. 1807.
Menobranchus Lacepedii Gray in Griff. A. K. ix. 108.
Phanerobranchus Lacepedii Fitz. N. Class, 66. (1826.) ;
Menobranchus tetradactylus Harlan, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phil. v. —
324.; Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825. 216.! ) a
Sirena maculosa Rajin. Am. Monthly Mag. iv.41.1818, = =
PROTEIDE, NECTURUS ; SIRENIDZ. 67
Necturus maculatus Rafin.; Blainv. Jour. Phys. Ixxxviii. 417. 1819 ;
Baird, 1. c. 1849, 291.
Necturus maculosus Rafin. Annals of Nat. 1820.
N. luteus Rafin. Annals of Nat. 1820.
N. phosphoreus Rajin. Annals of Nat. 1820.
N. lateralis Wagler, Syst. 210.; Fitz. S. R. 35.
Menobranchus Sayil Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 216.
Proteus of the Lakes Mitchell, Amer. Jour. Arts and Sciences, iv.
181. vi. 63.
Menobranchus maculatus Holbrook, N. Amer. Herp. viii. t. 29.
1842.
Proteus maculatus Barnes, Amer. Jour. Arts and Sct. xi. 268. 1827,
xill. 68.
- Men. lateralis Harlan, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. i. 221. 1825, Med. and
Phys. Res. 89.; Neuwied, Trav. N. Amer. ui. 245.
Salamandra alleghaniensis jun. Daud. Rept. viii. 231.; Say, Jour.
Acad. N. S. Phil. iv. t. 21.
Protonopsis horrida (part.) Barton on Siren.
Triton lateralis Say, James's Exped. Rocky Mountains, 1. 5. 302.
1823.
a. In spirits. Half-grown. N. America, Ohio. From the
— Leyden Museum.
6. In spirits. Not good state. N. America.
c. In spirits. Adult. N.America. Presented by John Edw.
Gray, Esq.
2. NECTURUS LATERALIS.
Head large, flattened above. Muzzle truncated. Body elongate,
dusky brown, with a dark streak from nostril through the eye,
and along each side to the tail.
Triton lateralis Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mount. i. 300., 5. 108.
Menobranchus lateralis Harlan, Med. and Phys. Res. 89. ; Hol-
brook, N. A. Herp. v. 115. t. 28.
Hab. Mississippi.
3. Necturus n. s. Gibbes, fide Baird, J. A. N. Phil. 1849, not
described.
Hab. Santee River, 8. Carolina.
Fam. Il. SIRENID/.
Limbs two, anterior, small.
Body sabcylindrical, rather compressed behind.
68 CATALOGUE OF AMPHIBIA.
Operculum none.
Teeth in each jaw. |
Palate with numerous cross series of teeth on the vomerine bones.
b.4 17:
Living in moist clay, rarely in water, but can swim well.
Sirenina Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 216.
Sirenide Bonap. Amph. Eur. 32. ; ; Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839.
Ichthyoida (part.) Latr. Fam. Nat, 1828.
Sirenes (part.) Fitz. S. R. 35.
Proteidew (part.) Tschudi, Batr. 96.
Meantes Linn. S.N. i. addend.
Synopsis of Genera.
1. Stren. Fingers four. Gills ciliated.
2. Psrupoprancuus. Fingers three. Gills not ciliated.
1. SIREN.
Head oblong, subquadrate, short. Mouth small. Eyes very small.
Maxillary and intermaxillary teeth none. Palatine teeth nume-
rous on the front of outer side, i1.many oblique cross series
on the vomerine bone (t. 4. f.17.). Tongue small, arrow-shaped.
rather rounded in front, only free at the tips and front of sides.
— Gulls three on each side, small; spiracles three on each side
under the gills.— Feet two, anterior, small. Fingers four.— Body
cylindrical, elongate.— Skin smooth.
Siren Linn, S.N.1i. add., Amen. Acad. vii. 311. 1766; Schneid.
Amph. i. 48.; Scopoli. Int. H. N. 463. 1777 ; Latr. Rept. li. 159. 5
Daud. Rept. vii. 269. 438.; Cuvier, R. A, ii. 102. ; Merrem,
Tent. 188.; Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 46.; Tschudi, Batr. 69—98. ;
Fitz. S. R. 35.; ; Holbrook, N. A. Herp. ; Baird, |. c. 1849, 291.
Sirena Rafin. Annal. Nat. 78. 1818.
Murena sp. Gmelin, S. N. i. 1136.
Larve lacertee Pallas 2? Nov Comm. Petrop. xix. 438. 1775 ; Linn.
S. N. 1. 871. note.
1. SrrEN LAcERTINA. Siren, or Mud Eel.
Black, with numerous white specks ; beneath purplish.
Mud Iguana Ellis, Phil. Trans. lvi. 189. t.
Murena Siren Gmelin, S. Nat. i. 11386. |
Siren lacertina Linn. Amen. Acad. vii. 311. 1766; Syst. Nat. add. j
2.t. 99. f. 2.3; Shaw, Zool. iii. 601.; Baird, 1. c. 291. if
Siren Penn. Arct. Zool, 325.
SIRENIDZ : SIREN, PSEUDOBRANCHUS. 69
Sirene Camper, Schrift. Berlin. N. F. vii. 482.; Cuvier in Humb.
Obs. Zool. i. 28. t. 11. 14. f.1.9., R.A. 11. 120.; Shaw, Zool.
iii. 601.; Schneider, Amph. i. 48.; Daud. Rept. vii. 272.; Mer-
rem, Tent. 188.; Harlan, Med. and Phys. Res. 88.; Fitz. S. R. 35. ;
Holbrook, N. A. Herp. t. 34.
Osteot.t. 4. f. 17. Cuv. Humb. Obs. Zool. 1. 98.3; i. t. 14. f. 9.
Oss. Fos. v. t. 27. f. 1—6.
a. In spirits. N. America. Presented by Dr. Garden.
2. SIREN INTERMEDIA.
Dusky bluish black. Gills three-lobed, reticulated and fringed
below.
Siren intermedia Leconte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 53.1828; Harlan, Med.
and Phys. Res. 89.; Wagler, Syst. 318.; Holbrook, N. A. Herp.
v. 107. t. 35.; Cuvier, R. A. 1. 121.
Siren lacertina (half-grown) Schlegel, Faun. Japon.
a. In spirits. Texas. Mr. Ward’s Collection.
2. PSEUDOBRANCHUS.
Head suboval, flattened. Muzzle rather pointed. Eyes rather
large. — Fingers three. — Gill three-lobed, fimbriated on the
_ edges, the front lobe very small. Spiracle one on each side.
’ Pseudobranchus Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 216.; Fitz. N. Class. 48.
1826, S. R. 35.
Parvibranchus Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839, 6. note.
Siren sp. Leconte, Ann. N. Y. Lye. i. 52. 1824; Tschudi Batr. 98.
Sirenoide Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 121.
1. PsrEuDOBRANCHUS STRIATUS.
Body dusky, with a broad brown stripe on each side, and another
rather paler on each side of the belly.
Siren sp. Mitchell in Cuv. Oss. Fos. v. 419. (1822.)
Siren striata Leconte, Ann. Lyc, N. York, i. 54. t. 4. 1824, ii. 183. ;
Harlan, Med. and Phys. Res. 88.; Wagler, N.S. 310.; Tschudt,
Batr. 98.; Cuvier, R. A. ii. 121.; Baird, 1. ¢. 291.
Pseudobranchus striatus Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825.; Fitz. S. R. 35.
Siren lacertina jun. Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 121.
Hab. N. America. Mus. Le Conte.
A.
abdominalis, Sal. 27.
Abranchia, 51. 56.;
5).
Abranchus, 53.
Acholotes, 50.
agilis, Sal. "48,
albipunctatum, Cylind. 48.
albiventris, Coec. 58.
Amph.
alleghaniensis, Ab. 53.5
Cryptol. 53.; Men. 53.;
Sal. 53. 67.
Alligator, 54.
os apuanus, Triton,
; Molge, 21.; Sal. 21.3
Triton, oh.
Ambystomina, 32.
Ambystoma, 32. 34, 35.
americana, Lac. 19.
americanus, Triton, 19.
amphibia, Rhin. 63.
Amphibichthys, 62.
Amphisbena, 60.
Amphibiens, 9.
Amphipneura, Amph. 64,
amphineusta, Amph. Grad.
63
amphipneuste, Amph. 63.
Amphiuma, 54, 55.
Amphiumida, 51. 54,
Amphiuminina, 54.
Andriadina, 52.
andriadine, Sal. 5].
anguiformiz, Amph. 63.
anguinus, Prot. 65.
annectens, Lep. 62.
annulatus, Siph. 59.
Apoda, 56.
apoda, Batrachii, 56.
aquatica, Lac. 19. 27.; Sal.
20), 21
aquaticus, Lac. 20.
arcumanentia, Mon. cad. 51.
Argus, Sal. 35.
articulatus, Desm. 41.
Atolocatl, 49.
atra, Sal. 47.; Lac. 16.
atretodera, Batrac. Urod.13.
Atretodéres, 14.
attenuata, Batr. 42. ; Sal. 42.
attenuatus, Batrach. 42.
auriculata, Sal. 41.
auriculatus, Desm. 41.;
Pleth. 41.
Axolotl, 49.; Sired. 49.
Axolotus, 50.
B.
Batrachia, 9, 10, 11.
Batrachophidii, 56.
Batrachopsis, 43.
Batrachoseps, 32. 42.
Batraciens, 9. 11.
Beecheyi, Sal. 25.
Bellii, Spel. 46.
INDEX.
Bibronii, Triton, 20.
bilineata, Mycetog. 45.;
Sal. 44.; Spel. 44, 45.
bivittata, Coec. 61.
bivittatum, Rhi. 61."
Bradybates, 15. 26.
C.
Caducibranches, Amph. 11.
caducibranchia arcucaden-
tia, A. M. 13.
Ceecilia, 56, 57.
Ceeciliadze, 56, 57.
Ceeciliina, 56.
Ceecilioidea, 56.
Ceecilioidei, Lacerte, 56.
Californie, Pleur. 25.
carnifex, Sal. 20.; Trit. 20.
Caroline, Lac. 35.; Amb.
35.
Carrare, Prot. 65.
caudata, Batrac. 13.; Rep-
tilia, 63.
Cécilies, 56.
Cécilioides, 56.
ceinturée, Sal. 21.
celatibranchia,2Amph. 56.
Chrysodonta, 55.
cincta, Sal. 21. 28.
cinerea, Molge, 27.5 Sal. 38.
cinereus, Pleth. 38.
cirrigera, Sal. 44. ; Spel. 44.
coccinea, Sal. 49.
condylura, Seir. 30.
compressicauda, Ccec. 58.
Corsica, Sal. 17.
cristata, Sal. 19.
cristatus, Triton, 19.
Cryptobranchoidez, 51.
Cryptobranchoidei, 51.
Cryptobranchus, 52.
Cryptopleura, 14, 15.
cylindracea, Sal. 39.
cylindrica, Sal. 39.
Cylindrosoma, 43, 48.
Cynops, 15. 24.
D.
Dactylonyx, 33.
didactylum, Amph. 55.; Si-
renoides, 55.
Diemictylus, 22.
Derotremata, 51.
Desmognathus, 32. 40.
Diplonoa, 9.
Diplopneumena,51.; Amph.
ol.
Dipnoa, 9.
dipoda, Amph. 63.; Batrac.
13.
dorsalis, Not. 23.5 Trit. 23.
EK.
elegans, Sal. 2]. 27, 28.
Elophile (part.), 14.
ensatus, Triton, 48.
Epicria, 56.
Epicrium, 60.
episcopus, Amb. 37.
Ermanni, Triton, 22. 25.
erythronota, Pleth, 38.; Sal.
38. ; Saurophis, 38.
Erythronotum, Amb. 37.
Eschscholtzii, 48.
Euproctus, 15. 23.
Eurycea, 53.
Ensatina, 32. 48.
exigua, Sal. 27. ; Triton, 28.
exiguus, Triton, 2.
Exobranches, 64.
Exobranchia, 66.
externibranchia, Dip. 63.
F,
fasciata, Sal. 36.
fenestrata, Sal. 19.
fimbribranchia, Amph. dip.
61.
flavissima, Sal. 44.
flavomaculata,Xiph. 48.
Freyeri, Prot. 65.
frontale, Amb. 38.
frontalis, Sal. 38.
funebris, Sal. 47.
fusca, Geot. 47.3; Sal. 45.
47.; Menop. 54.; Prot. 54.
fuscus, Desm. 40.; Geot.
47.; Trit. 41.
G.
Genei, Sal. 47.
Genei, Geot. 47.
Geotriton, 32. 47.
Gesneri, Triton, 21.
gigantea, Molge, 53.3 Sal.
53.; Salamandrops, 53.
giganteus junior, Molge, 50. |
Glossoliga, 18.
glutinosa, Coec. 60.; Sal. 39.
glutinosum, Epic. 60. 5
Pleth. 39.
glutinosus, Ich. 60.3; Pleth.
39 ;
gracilis, Coec. 57.
Gradientia, tt,
gradientia mutabilia, Ba-
- trac. 13.
granulata, Sal. 39. 49.
granulatum, Pleth, 39.
granulosus, Triton, 25.
Gravenhorstii, Sal. 36.
Greenii, Sal. 23.
guttatus, Ach. 50.
guttolineata, Sal. 45. ; Spel.
45.
gymnodermia, Ophidia, 56.
Gymnophidia, 5 56.
gyrinoides, Lac. 21.
Gyrinus, 49.
POs
—_ Li
~~ oe
Hi,
es Amb. 38. ;
Hasselti, Ich. 60.
hedrzoglosse, Ceeciliz, 56.
hedrzoglossi, Ichthy. 63.
Hemibatrachia, 11. 14.
Hemidactylium, 32. 41.
Hemisalamandra, 51.
Heterotriton, 32, 33.
horrida, Prot. 53. 67.; Sal
53.
horridus, Ab. 53.
Hydrophili, 14.
Hydrosalamandra, 52.
Hynobius, 30.
Hypocthon, 50. 65.
Hypochthonina, 64.
hypocyanea, Ceec. 60.
hypoxanthus, Tritur. 50.
I. J.
Ichthyo-Batraciens, 61.
Ichthyodea, 51.
Ichthyodi, 10. 51. 64.
Ichthyoida, 64. 68.
Ichthyoida, Amph. per. 63.
Ichthyophis, 57. 60.
Ichthyosaurus, rs.
ignea, Molge, 21.; Sal. 21.
Imperfectibranchia, 51.
imperfectibranchia, Monop.
51
Sal. 33. ;
Sal.
ingens, Het. 33.;
Triton, 33.
intermedia, Siren, 69.
intermixta, Sal. 40, 41.
interrupta, Siph. 59.
Japonica, Hyd. 52. ; Lac. 33.
- japonicus ; Cryptod. 52. 5
Onych. 33.
Jeffersoniana, Amb. 34.;
Sal. 34. ; Xiph. 34.
L.
Lacepedii, Menob. 66.; Pha-
nerob. 66.
lacertina, Siren, 55. 68, 69.
Lacertini, |)
lacertiniformia, Batrach. 51.
lacustris, Lac. 19. 21.
Larva, 20.
Larva, Molge, 49. ; Sal. 49.;
Triton, 49.
larveformis, Chry. 55.
Larvarius, 65.
laticauda, Sal. 19,
lateralis, *Menob. 67.; Nect.
67.; Triton, 67.
Laurentii, Prot. 65.
Lepidosiren, 62.
Lepidosirenide, 62.
Lissotriton, 26.
lobatus, Triton, 27.
longicauda, Cylind. 43.
Sauroc. 43.; Salam. 43.
Spel. 43.
Lophinus, 14, 15. 26,
lucifuga, Spel. 43.
INDEX,
lugubris, Sal. 26.; Tar. 26.
lumbricoidea, Coec. 57.
lurida, Sal. 49.
lutescens, Tritur. 49.
luteus, Nect. 67.
M.
macrodactyla, Amb. 37.
macrodactylum, Amb. 37.
maculata, Axol. 50.; Lac.
Die Bh. 3.’ Sale 16. 45.3
Pseudot. Ab,
maculatus, Nect. 67.; Prot.
67.; Sired. 50.
maculosa, Sal. 16. ; Sir. 66.
maculosus, Nect. 66, 67.
major, Sal. 19.
malacoderma
Rep. 63.
mancabranchia, Dipl. 51.
Manentibranchia, 63.; Amp.
64
amphibia,
marmorata, Sal. 21.
marmoratus, Axol.50.; Tri-
ton, 20, 21.
mavortia, Amb. 37.
mavortium, Amb. 37.
maxima, Sal. 52. ; Sieb. 52.
means, Amphiuma, 55.
Meantes, 68,
Meantia, 10. 63.
Megalobatrachus, 52.
Megapterna, 24.
Meinus, 14.
melanosticta, Sal. 42.
Menobranchus, 64. 66.
Menopoma, 53.
Menopomatide, 51.
mexicanus, Axol. 50. ; Gyn.
49.; Siph. 59. 3 Sired. 50.
millepunctata, Sal, 23. ; Tri-
ton, 23.
miniatus, Not. 22, 23.; Tri-
tur. 23.
Molge, 18. 30, 31.
Molgida, 14, 30.
Monopneumena, 51.
montana, Meg. 24.; Spel.46.
montanus, Pseudot. 46.
mortuaire, Sal. 50.
mucronata, Euryc. 54.
Murena, 68.
Murzenopsis, 54, 55.
N.
neevia, Sal. 31.
Nasuta, Ceec. 57.
nebulosus, Hyn. 30.; Sal.
0.; Trit. 19.; Tritur. 49.
Necturus, 66.
neocesareanus, Proteus, 45.
Newt, Common, 27.
niger, Desm. 40. ; Trit. 34.
nigra, Pseudot. 40.; Sal. 16.
0.; Triton, 40.
Notophthalmus, 15. 22.
Nudipelliféres, 9.
nychthemerus, Triton, 22.
71
O.
ocellata, Molge, 23.
ocellatus, Sal. 49.
CEdipus, 32. 47.
Oiacurus, 18.
Ommatotriton, 15, 28.
Onychodactylus, 31, 32.
Onycopus, 33.
opaca, Amb. 36. ; Sal. 36./
opacum, Amb. 36.
operculata, Siren, 45,
Ophidia, part. 9.
Ophidia, Batraciens, 56.
Ophiosoma, 56.
Ophiosomes, 56.
oxyura, Coec. 58,
P.
palmata, Molge, 27.; Sal.
27, 28
ape Lissot. 27.; Sal.
; Loph. 28.
pata 14,
palmipes, Lissot. 28. 29.;
Sal. 27.
palustris, Lae. 195" 2075
Molge, 20. ; Sal. 19. 2763
Triton, 27. 28,
paradoxa, Lep. 62.
parisinus, Triton, 27.
Parvibranchus, 69,
Pelonectes, 24.
Perennibranchia, 64.
Peromeles, 56. 63.
pees Sal. 30.3; Seir.
, 00.
Pheneropleura, 15.
Phanerobranchia, 64.
Phanerobranchus, 66.
Phaneroglosse, Rane, p.13.
Phatnomatorhina, 39.
phosphoreus, Nect. 67.
Phyllhydrus, 49.
picta, Sal. 40, 41.
pisciformia, Amph. 63.
pisciformis, Hyp. 50.; Si-
ren, 49.
platicauda, Sal. 20.
platycephala, Moige, 24.
platycephalus, Eup. 24.;
Pel. 24,
platydactyla, Sal. 48.
platydactylus, C&dip. 48,
Platyrhynchus, 65.
platyura, Sal. 19.
Plethodon, 32. 35.
Plethodontide, 14. 31.
Plethodontina, 38.
Pleurodeles, 15. 17. 25.
Pleurodelina, 15,
Poireti, Glossol. 19. ; ; Triton,
18. 19.
porosa, Lac. 19.
porphyritica, Sal, 46 ; Spel.
46
porphyriticus, Triton, 39.46,
prolatibranchia, part. 13.
Proteide, 64,
Proteidez, 51. 63. 68.
72 INDEX.
Proteina, 64. Saurophis, 35, 37. etr
Proteus, 18. 49. 64, 65. Savi, Geot. 47. , pate one yee ‘or
Protomelus, 62. Savii, Sal. 47. Thunbergii, Lac. 33.
Protonopside, 51. Sayii, Menob. 67. tigrina, Amb. 36. ; Sal. 36’;
Protonopsidina, 52. schisteuse, Sal. 31. Triton, 36. : :
Protonopsis, 52, 53. 66. Schlegeli, Onych. 33. tigrinum, Amb. 35, |
Protopterus, 62. Schreibersii, Prot, 65, torosa, Taricha,25.
pruniata, Sal. 20. scutata, Sal. 41. torosus, Not. 25.5 Triton, 25.
Pseudobranchus, 68, 69. scutatum, Hemid. 41. Tremadotera, B. U. 51. 64.
Pseudoichthyas, 10. 61. Seba, 9. 63. tridactyla Murenop. 55. :
Pseudophidia, 10. 56. Seiranota, 15. 29. Sal. 29. ‘
Pseudophidiens, 56. Serpentes, Amph. 56, tridactylum, Amph. 55,
Pseudo-Salamandra, 31. Sieboldia, 52. tridactylus, Molge, 30.
Pseudosauria, 10. 50. Sieboldii, Megal. 52.; Ony- ‘Triton, 15. 18.; Lac. 21.
Pseudosauriens, 13. cop. 33. 27.
Pseudotriton, 35. 43. simile, Siren, 55. Tritones, 10. 11. 14.
punctata, Amb. 35.; Lac. similis, Sal. 49. Tritonia, 14.
35.; Molge, 27.; Sal. 27, 28. sinciput alba, Amb. 38. tritonius, Proteus, 21. 27.
punctatissima, Sal. 49. | Siphonops, 57. 59. Triturus, 18. 22.
punctulatum, Amb. 37. Siredon, 49.
punctatus, Lissot.27.; Loph. Siren, 49. 68. 7
27. ; Triton, 27. Siren, Murena, 68.
pytrhogastra, Cynops, 25. Sirena, 66. 68. Ue a Amph. 13. ; Batr.
Sirene, 69.
: Q. Sirenes, 10. 61. 68. Bae Batrac, 13.
quadramaculata, Sal. 40,41. Sirenidz, 64. 67. Urodeli, 13,
quadridigitata, Batrach. 42. Sirenina, 68. Urodelia, 13.
quadridigitatus, Batrach.42. Sirenoide, 69. urophora, Amph. 51.
quadrupeda, Siren, 55. Sirenoides, 55. unguiculata, Sal. 33.
Quadrupedes ovipari cau- Spelerpes, 32. 43. urophora, Batrac. 13.
dati, 13. eee Ceec. 59.
- Stellio, 35. ; Sal. 25. < V.
2 striata, Molge, 31. 33. 5
Reptiles Ictyoides, 9. Siren, 69. variegate, ais
Rhinatrema, 57. 60. striatus, Pseudob, 69. veils Sal. 3 ig 39.
Rhinocryptis, 62. subcristata, Sal. 25.. venendsa’ Galnan
rhinocryptis, Prot. 63 subcristatus, Cynops,.25. ' entriecieae Biad 6
‘rostrata, Coec. 58. subfusca, Sal. 45. bis miforeaie Choe, 57.
ruber, Mycetog. 45. subfuscus, Mycetog. 45. ; er satatie Arn hisb. 60.
rubriventris, Sal. 26. 45. Pseudot. 45.; Triton, 45. veri ‘decane Not. 93.- Tri-
rubra, Molge, 45. ; Sal. 45. ; rasta ec Amb. 36. 3 Lac. te, BAe "2
Spel. 45. 35.3; Sal. 35. °
Rica, Eup. 24.; Triton, subviolaceum, Amb. 35. . Mra phe gs Omm
24, Subichthiens, 64. Bis vine {
s symmetrica, Sal. 23. ; Trist. vulgaris Lae. 7.3 Sal. 17.
. 23. P
Salamandra, 13. 15, 16.3
Lac. 16. 27. 35, 47. T. mi
Salamandre, 14. tzeniata mas, Lac. 27.; Sal. Walti, Pleurod. 17.
Salamandrida, 14.; Ran. 13. 27. Wurfbainii, Molge, 21.;
Salamandrina, 13, 14. 24. talpoidea, Sal. 36. Sal. 21.; Triton, 21.
29, 42. talpoideum, Amb. 36.
Salamandrina, part. 14, Taricha, 15. fe X.
Salamandroides, 35.; Cryp- tentaculata, Coec. 58. : 65.
tob. 54.; Triton, 21. ter-digitata, Sal. 29. Sohamura, se oe
Salamandrops, 53. tereticauda, Triton, 49. Xiphosura, 48 ' ”
Salientia, 11. 13. terrestris, Sal. 17. P eae
salmonea, Sal. 46.; Spel. 46. tetradactylus, Menob. 66. ; Z
salmoneus, Pseudot. 46. Prot. 66. ;
Zoysii, Prot. 65.
THE END.
LONDON:
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