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THE CELEBRATION OF THE

TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH

ANNIVERSARY

OF THE

ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

JULY 15-19, 1912

LONDON
PRINTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY

AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

AND SOLD BY HUMPHREY MILFORD, AMEN CORNER, E.G.

1913

OXFORD : HORACE HART
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

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CONTENTS

PAGE

NARRATIVE OF THE CELEBRATION AND LIST OF DELEGATES ... 1

ADDRESS BY THE DEAN OF WESTMINSTER ...... 5

ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY .... 8

LATIN SPEECHES BY THE PUBLIC ORATORS OF THE UNIVERSITIES OF
OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE IN PRESENTING DELEGATES FOR HONORARY

DEGREES 24

ADDRESSES OF FELICITATION ........ 31

TELEGRAMS AND LETTERS 123

INDEX

270349

THE ROYAL SOCIETY

CELEBRATION OF THE 250iH ANNIVERSARY

Ox the 15th of July 1662 a Charter granted by King Charles II
passed the Great Seal incorporating, under the name of ' The
Royal Society ', a company of eminent and enthusiastic men who
for some years had been prosecuting the study of Natural Science,
or, as it was then termed, Experimental Philosophy. This date
has accordingly been reckoned to be that of the birth of the
Society as an organized association. The approach of the 250th
return of the day suggested that the event was one which might
appropriately be marked by some special form of commemoration.
Hence, early in the year 1911 the President and Council of the
Society determined to make it the occasion of a Celebration
which should be held at a time as near as might be found
convenient to that of the Society's birthday on 15th July
1912.

As an appropriate permanent memorial of the occasion two
volumes were undertaken to be prepared and published — (1) a new
edition of the ' Record ' of the Society and (2) a facsimile repro-
duction of the pages of signatures of the Fellows in the Charter-
book, from that of the Royal Founder down to those entered in
the summer of 1912.

The ' Record ', as revised, re-arranged, and enlarged, is intended
to give an account of the foundation and early history of the
Society with the text of all its Charters, its Statutes with their
variations down to the present time, the Society's various Trusts,
lists of its Benefactors, its Presidents and Officers and its Medal-
lists and Lecturers, with an account of its Library, Portraits,
Busts, and Medals, likewise full details regarding the existing
Committees and the various work of the Society. The Chrono-

2 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

logical Register of the Fellows has been thoroughly revised and
for the first time made complete.

The facsimile reproduction of the Signatures has been success-
fully accomplished by the University Press, Oxford, and has been
published in a folio volume with the title, * The Signatures in the
First Journal-book and the Charter-book of the Royal Society.'
This interesting volume contains the autographs of the Fellows
from the first founders down to the present day, and is probably
the most extensive existing collection of the signatures of dis-
tinguished leaders in science during the last two centuries and
a half. Besides the pages of the Charter-book, the volume
also comprises facsimiles of three pages of the first Journal-
book of the Society, on which, under date 5th December 1660,
are inscribed the autograph signatures of the original company
of men of science and their friends and well-wishers who resolved
to form themselves into an organized Society, and who, some
nineteen months later, were incorporated by the King as ' The
Royal Society '. One of the chief difficulties in the preparation of
this facsimile volume arose in the decipherment of many of the
signatures and the compilation of an alphabetical List which
should give accurately the dates of admission into the Society,
with the page of the Charter-book on which each signature would
be found. But in the end every signature was identified, and the
volume together with the ' Record ' were both ready for dis-
tribution by the 13th of July, on which day the President and
Treasurer had the honour of presenting a copy of each volume to
His Majesty King George V, who was graciously pleased to
accept them and to express his interest in the forthcoming
Celebration. Copies of these volumes were subsequently sent to
the Universities, Academies, and other Institutions that were
represented at the Anniversary.

The invitations to be present in London for the purpose of
attending the Society's Celebration began to be issued in January
1912. Each Foreign Member and a number of eminent foreign
men of science who were not Members were specially invited,
and the Universities, Academies, and other learned Institutions in
the United Kingdom, in the British Dominions beyond the Sea,
and in all the civilized countries of the world, were each asked to

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250th ANNIVERSARY 3

send a delegate. The illuminated Invitation was in Latin and in
the accompanying form, with the requisite verbal variations in the
last paragraph when addressed to individual persons.

It was arranged that the various functions should extend from the
evening of Monday, July 15th, to the evening of Thursday, 18th.
The following Diary was printed and placed in the hands of the
Fellows and visitors before the proceedings began :

MONDAY, JULY 15ra.

Evening Reception of the Delegates in the Rooms of the Royal Society,
Burlington House, Piccadilly, 8.30 to 11 p.m. The Enquiry Office will
be open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. this day, and on application there,
Delegates and Fellows will obtain all the tickets required for the various
functions of the Celebration.

TUESDAY, JULY 16xH.

Commemorative Service in Westminster Abbey ; 12 noon.

Formal Reception of the Delegates and Presentation of Addresses in the

Great Library of the Royal Society, 2.30 p.m.
Banquet in the Guildhall of the City of London, 6.30 for 7 p.m.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 17TH.

Visits in the morning to Places of Interest in and near London.

Garden Party given by Her Grace the Duchess of Northumberland, at Syon

House, on the Thames (4 to 7 o'clock).
Conversazione at the Royal Society, 9 o'clock.

THURSDAY, JULY ISra.

Visits in the morning to Places of Interest in and near London.

Garden Party at Windsor given by Their Majesties the King and Queen.

In the evening Dinner Parties ; particulars of which will await Delegates and

Fellows at Burlington House from the morning of Monday, July 15th,

onward.

The formal Celebration was held in the Rooms of the Royal
Society in Burlington House. For the convenience of those
attending it, an Enquiry Office and Post Office were fitted up
in the adjoining meeting-room of the Geological Society, which
that Society had kindly lent for the occasion, and where all the

B 2

4 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

cards of invitation, tickets, and other documents connected with
the Celebration were obtainable.

A number of the Clubs in the west end of London elected
Foreign and Colonial Delegates Honorary Members during the
time of the commemoration. A Committee of Ladies was formed
for the purpose of providing entertainment for ladies accompanying
delegates, at such times as they would not be present at the
functions of the Society. The meeting-room of the Royal Society
was set apart for the use of these ladies. The Ladies' Committee
took care that some of their number should always be in attend-
ance in that room at specified hours in order to render every
assistance in their power. By wearing different coloured badges
they indicated which of them spoke French, German, or Italian.
They organized visits to the Royal Gardens, Kew, and to places of
interest in London, and some of their number accompanied the
excursionists.

A Register was kept in which every Delegate was requested
to sign his name. This collection of autographs forms an
interesting record which will be preserved among the Society's
archives.

The Royal Society's invitation met with a cordial reception
all over the globe. The great majority of the Universities,
Academies, and other scientific Institutions sent delegates who
presented congratulatory addresses. In cases where delegation
was not attempted the addresses arrived by post together with
many telegrams of felicitation. The following is a brief narrative
of the proceedings throughout the Anniversary :

MONDAY, JULY 15rrn, 1912.

This being the birthday of the Royal Society the President,
Council, and Fellows assembled in the evening in their Library
for the purpose of informally welcoming such of the Delegates as
had already arrived in London, and settling with them some of
the arrangements for the more formal reception to be held on the
following day. A large proportion of visitors were present, though
some were unable to reach London in time for this meeting.

250TH ANNIVERSARY

TUESDAY JULY 16TH.

By arrangement with the Dean and Chapter, a short com-
memorative service was held at noon in the ancient Abbey of
Westminster. Assembling in the historic Jerusalem Chamber,
the President and Council of the Royal Society, in academic
dress and preceded by the Society's Mace, followed in procession
the Dean and clergy to the places reserved for them. Seats were set
apart for the general body of the Fellows, for the Foreign Members,
and for the Delegates and ladies who had accompanied them.
The music was arranged and conducted by the organist of the
Abbey, Sir Frederick Bridge, C.V.O., Mus.Doc. Towards the
close of the service a short address was given by the Dean, the
Right Reverend Bishop Ryle, C.V.O., D.D., who, at the request
of the Society, has permitted it to be printed here.

ADDRESS BY THE DEAN OF WESTMINSTER.

l Esdras iv. 38, 40, 41. Truth abideth, and is strong for ever ; she liveth
and conquereth for evermore. . . . Blessed be the God of truth. . . . And all
the people then shouted, and said, Great is truth, and strong above all things.

' Magna est veritas, et praevalet.1

' There have been times even within the memory of some who
are gathered within these walls, when a welcome such as we have
desired to give in this Abbey to the Members of the Royal
Society on the occasion of its 250th Anniversary, would have
received but a faint echo from the religious world of this country.

' The perturbation which took possession of men's minds last
century at the period of the most startling of the discoveries in
Natural Science was wont to betray itself too often in ill-considered
words of fear, impatience, and indignation. Nor need we wonder.
To quote the words of John Fiske : " The men of the present day
who have kept pace with the scientific movement are separated
from the men whose education ended in 1830 by an immeasurably
wider gulf than ever before divided one progressive generation of
men from their predecessors." Misunderstanding, apprehension,
and friction were the result.

6 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

' We look back with regret upon any occasion when the cause
of truth on any of its many sides has been compromised by the
attitude of its defenders ; or when the spirit of charity and
toleration has been forgotten in the wretched atmosphere of
controversy.

' Times are changed. I believe I may claim to speak in the
name of the whole world of contemporary Christian thought,
when in this Abbey I give expression to the gratitude which, as
a rule, we clergy have little opportunity to render, for the amazing
enrichment of human thought which has resulted from the patient
researches of Natural Science during the past two hundred and fifty,
and in particular during the past eighty, years. We thank God for
the great and glorious work that has been done by the men of
science; for the widening of human thought ; for the elevation com-
municated to the methods and ideals of study. " Science," as has
finely been said by an eminent religious teacher in our own day—
" science is truly a revelation. . . . Instead of the round world which
cannot be moved, every star that twinkles in the sky becomes
a fiery sun whirling through the deeps of space. Instead of the
six days of creation, we look down vistas of time to which
a thousand years are no more than a watch in the night. Instead
of repeated acts of creation, we see a mighty chain of life
stretching upwards from the sea- weeds and the sponges to — where
shall we put a limit to all-enduring patience and all-sovereign
goodness ? "

' With all humility we express our grateful obligation for the
benefits which for a quarter of a millennium have been rendered in
this country by the Royal Society. In no small measure it has
been due to the weight of wise opinion created by its studies and
observations, that the intellectual life of the people has emerged
so far as it has from the influence of the Middle Ages. The work
of the Royal Society has tended to elevate and purify thought.
It is untrammelled by party politics. Its studies overleap the
barriers of race and language. They make for the peace of the
world, as well as for the well-being of every class. They con-
tinually contribute to the promotion of Unity. Truth is one;
and however feebly our words may express it, yet we are convinced

1 Gwatkin, Knowledge of God, ii. 275.

250m ANNIVERSARY 7

that the discoveries of Science discharge a truly prophetic office
in making known to mankind the facts of the Universe, in which
we believe we may read the record of the Will of the Supreme
Mind. And in deepest humility we express our conviction that
the God whose laws are discerned in evolution, gravitation, and
the conservation of energy is He whose laws will be no less
clearly discerned in love, forgiveness, and redemption, in the
spiritual existence and in the gift of immortality.

' We stand, as it were, bareheaded, while you proclaim to
a solemnized and attentive world the wonderful mysteries of the
Universe. You have added sanctity to the knowledge of phe-
nomena ; you have laid deep and lasting the foundations of
accurate research ; you have quickened intellectual life with the
enthusiasm for the investigation of truth. You bid us not stand,
but go forward.

' In conclusion, let me remind you, while I bring to an end this
word of welcome to our Abbey, that we revere in this place the
great names which are famous on your roll of distinction, and
which are no less famous among the memorials committed to our
keeping. Newton and Darwin, Herschel and Adams, Humphry
Davy and Woodward, Buckland, Lyell and Joule, William
Spottiswoode and Stokes and Kelvin, how varied, how illustrious
is this galaxy of men, so simple in their lives, so potent in their
influence ! It is not for me to speak. But I suppose we should
not be wrong to assume that even with the light which the work
of these great men has shed upon the pathway of the progress of
mankind, we have only so far travelled a little way out of darkness.
What may we not in all humility pray for and expect from
the discoveries of Natural Science in the next two hundred and
fifty years ?

' That in the future, as in the past, the work of your Society
may be blessed to the increase of human knowledge, for the good
of our fellow creatures, and in the maintenance of just and
charitable opinion among all classes of the community, is, I am
sure, the earnest prayer of every man who has the fear of God in
his heart.

' " If Reason may not command," said Whichcote, some two
hundred and fifty -years ago, "it will condemn." And it is

8 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

through the pre-eminent influence of the men of the Royal Society
in the field of Natural Science, that we believe that Reason, as
the noblest gift of God to man, will assert its unfailing and bene-
ficent sway, never ceasing to be touched with the passionate search
for the secrets of truth and ever fired with the love of our fellow
creatures, and animated with the generous hope of benefiting them
through the application of scientific discovery. Magna cst veritas,
et praevalet.'

In the afternoon at 2.30 the formal Reception of the Delegates
took place in the Great Library of the Royal Society, which was
completely filled. The Delegates wrere grouped according to the
countries they represented, these countries being taken in alpha-
betical order. After the visitors had been marshalled to the seats
reserved for each country the proceedings began with an address
from the President, Sir Archibald Geikie, who spoke as follows :

ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT.

' On behalf of the Royal Society, I desire to express our warm
appreciation of the sympathetic response which has been made by
so many Universities, Academies, and learned Institutions in all
parts of the world, and by so many distinguished men of science,
to our invitation to celebrate with us on this occasion the 250th
birthday of the Society. No more striking proof than is presented
by this assembly could be given of the reality and cordiality of
that spirit of frank and loyal co-operation which unites into one
great brotherhood the students of science in every land and in
every language. We welcome you, Gentlemen, with our whole
heart. We appreciate most sincerely the honour which has been
conferred on the Royal Society by your presence here to-day. We
greet the Delegates who bring to us the felicitations of some of
the oldest centres of culture in Europe, which had become famous
some centuries before our own Society was born. Not less fully
do we rejoice to meet the Delegates from the younger Institutions
in our own and other lands, who have come from British dominions
beyond the seas, from furthest Asia and Africa, and in such numbers
from the Great Republic across the Atlantic where the lamp of
science now burns with so bright a radiance and in so many

250m ANNIVERSARY 9

centres of growing activity. While it is a proud satisfaction to
receive among our guests to-day leaders in science whose names
have become honoured household words in all parts of the globe,
the gratification is not less to find, among your number, scholars
who represent the older literary learning, who have been deputed
to convey to us the congratulations of the time-honoured Univer-
sities which they adorn. To one and all we return our grateful
thanks for your presence here at our Celebration. We sincerely
desire that the few festal days which you are to spend with us
may be in every way enjoyable to you, so that your impressions
of your visit to London on this occasion may become a pleasant
memory which you will care to cherish in the days to come.

' Two hundred and fifty years seem in some respects no long
span of time in the course of human history, but the two hundred
and fifty years across which we look back to-day have been in the
history of science a period of momentous importance, crowded
with incident, and full of marvellous achievement. When in
the earlier decades of the seventeenth century Francis Bacon was
so cogently insisting on the necessity of studying Nature by the
careful observation of facts and the testing of conclusions by
experiment, he made but slight practical impression in England.
The seed which he sowed did not spring into life until after he
had passed away. About the middle of the century, however, the
spirit of eager curiosity and inquiry with regard to the world
wherein we live, which spread over all civilized countries, reached
England also. Nature was still, as it had been from the earliest
days of mankind, a vast unknown region, full on every hand of
mystery and wonder. Even the most everyday phenomena
presented to thoughtful minds problems for which no satisfactory
solution had been found. The earnest desire to seek an explana-
tion of some of these familiar phenomena at last induced a re-
markable group of men in this country to organize themselves
systematically for the prosecution of that experimental philosophy
which Bacon had so longed to see pursued. The time, however,
was not propitious, for it was one of political turmoil and civil war
in England. The studious men who desired to pursue these
researches sought refuge from the social strife in the quiet
investigation of Nature. They met weekly in London, where they

10 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

discussed many and diverse questions in physical and biological
science, devising and carrying into execution numerous experi-
ments by which they tried to ascertain the nature and connexion
of some of the fundamental processes in the economy of this world.
When the civil commotions drove them from their meeting-place
in London, some of the more active and enthusiastic among their
number sought the shelter of Oxford, where, under the hospitable
roof of Wadham College, they were able to continue their inquiries.
' The restoration of the Monarchy in the early summer of the
year 1660, which led to the re-establishment of settled order in
the country, allowed the resumption of scientific meetings in the
autumn of that year. With the brighter prospects of peace
before them, the philosophers assembled once more in the
picturesque Gresham College in the city of London, and for the
better accomplishment of their aims they determined to form
themselves into a definite Society with a regular organization and
a common fund from which the cost of experiments could be
defrayed. Had they restricted the membership of their proposed
Society to men of science, properly so called, their number would
hardly have exceeded two score. But with commendable fore-
sight they took advantage of the prevalent spirit of curiosity
regarding the secrets of Nature, and gathered round them
a company of three times their own number comprising prominent
representatives of the Church, of Law, of Medicine, of Politics,
and of the Public Services. Their adherents included also men
of letters, and it is specially noteworthy that among these were
the foremost poets in the England of that day — John Dryden,
Edmund AValler, John Denham, Abraham Cowley, William
Hammond, and Thomas Stanley. This brilliant assemblage of
the intellect and learning of the time soon attracted the notice and
the active sympathy of King Charles II, who himself had his full
share of the widespread contagion of curiosity and inquiry. He
attended some of the meetings of the infant Society, and on the
15th July 1662 granted to it a Charter of Incorporation with the
name of " The Royal Society " and the definite constitution under
which it is still governed. That date was thus regarded as the
birthday of the Society which, after the lapse of two centuries and
a half, we are met to-day to celebrate.

250TH ANNIVERSARY 11

* The career of the Royal Society is fully recorded in its various
publications. Its "Philosophical Transactions" and "Proceedings",
and likewise the separate works which it has issued, form a chro-
nicle from which the successive stages in the progress of modern
science can be followed. The enumeration of only a few of the
names which appear in these volumes shows that the Society has
counted among its Fellows some of the great leaders in all branches
of Natural Knowledge. Starting its career with a notable group of
physicists and mathematicians, among whom were Robert Boyle and
John Wilkins, it ere long welcomed Isaac Newton into its ranks,
published his immortal " Principia ", and annually elected him as
its President for nearly a quarter of a century. The physical
sciences have all along been strongly represented here. It seems
but yesterday that James Clerk Maxwell's voice was heard in
these rooms and that Stokes and Kelvin sat in the presidential
chair. That the succession of leaders is still well maintained, the
presence here to-day of Lord Rayleigh, Sir William Crookes, Sir
Joseph Thomson, Sir Joseph Larmor, and many others amply
proves. Nor have the biological sciences been less prominent in
the work of the Society. From the early days of John Ray down to
those of Charles Darwin, Hooker, Huxley and Lister, every branch
of biology has been illustrated and advanced by our Fellows.

'As Science knows no restriction of country or language, the
Royal Society has from its earliest beginning cultivated friendly
relations with fellow workers in research all over the world. The
first list of original members includes the honoured name of the
physicist and astronomer Huygens, some of whose gifts to us we
still possess ; and from that time till now the Society has been
proud to inscribe on the roll of its Foreign Members the names of
the most illustrious exponents of science in each generation. It
has been glad also to recognize distinction by the award of its
medals far beyond the bounds of the British Dominions. At the
same time the Academies and Universities of other lands have
ever shown a generous recognition of the labours of the Fellows
of the Royal Society, honouring them by electing them into their
membership or by conferring upon them academic degrees. This
confraternity of the commonwealth of science reaches to-day the
climax of its manifestation in our experience, when we receive

12 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

delegates from so many countries who by their presence here ex-
press the sympathy and goodwill of the various institutions which
they represent. To these institutions, venerable and youthful,
a formal expression of our grateful appreciation will in due course
be transmitted. In the meantime I will conclude these opening
remarks by again thanking you for your presence here to-day and
bidding you a cordial welcome to the halls of the Royal Society.'

The presentation of Addresses from the various Institutions
represented then began. The delegations, as arranged in the
alphabetical order of the countries represented by them, are given
in the following list. As it would have been impossible that the
Addresses should be read at the meeting, one delegate from each
country was selected who should briefly express the friendly
feelings of his compatriots. The Addresses themselves will be
found in extenso from p. 31 to p. 122 of this volume.

250TH ANNIVERSARY 13

LIST OF DELEGATES ATTENDING THE CELEBRATION.

EUROPE.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

Imperial Academy of Sciences,

Vienna
Bohemian Karl-Ferdinand Univer- Prof. Dr. Frantisek Vejdovskv, Rector.

sity, Prague
Imperial Academy of Sciences, Cra- Prof. Dr. Leo Marchlewski.

cow
Royal Hungarian University, Buda- Prof. Izidor Frohlich, Rector.

pest

BELGIUM.

University of Louvain . . . Prof. A. de Hemptinne.
Royal Academy of Sciences, Brussels Prof. Louis Dollo.

DENMARK.

LTniversity of Copenhagen . . Prof. Hector F. E. Jungersen.
Royal Danish Society of Science, Prof. Eug. Warming.
Copenhagen

FRANCE.

University of Paris . . . Prof.EmilePicard, Membre de Tlnstitut.

Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mons. Gabriel Lippmann, President.
France, Paris Prof. Charles Barrois, Membre de

1'Institut.
Observatory, Paris . . . Mons. Henri Deslandres, Membre de

Tlnstitut.

Mons. A. Haller, Membre de Plnstitut.
French Society of Physics, Paris . Mons. E. B. Baillaud, Membre de

1'Institut.

Botanical Society of France, Paris . Mons. Philippe de Vilmorin.
Chemical Society of France, Paris . Mons. Hanriot, President.
University of Bordeaux . . . Prof. A. Pitres.
National Academy of Bordeaux . Prof. A. Pitres.
University of Clermont-Ferrand . Prof. Pellet.
University of Lille . . . Prof. A. Schatz.

LTniversity of Nancy . . . M. Ch. Adam,|Rector.
University of Toulouse . . . Prof. Jules Drach.

THE ROYAL SOCIETY

EUROPE — continued.

GERMANY.

University of Berlin

University of Bonn
University of Breslau
University of Erlangen .
University of Freiburg-im-Breisgau
University of Giessen
University of Gottingen
University of Greifswald
University of Halle
University of Heidelberg
University of Konigsberg
University of Leipzig

University of Marburg .
University of Munich
University of Miinster .
University of Rostock .
University of Strasburg
University of Tubingen .
Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences,

Berlin

Royal Society of Sciences, Gottingen
Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences,

Munich

Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Dr. Otto
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.

Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr.

W. Waldeyer.

W. Nernst.

H. Kayser.

Adolf Kneser, Rector.

Varnhagen.

Oskar Bolza.

Walter Konig.

Woldemar Voigt, Rector.

Jaekel.

J. Veit.

G. Quincke.

G. Winter.

Eduard Sievers.

W. Ostwald.

Eugen Korschelt.

von Groth.

Karl Busz.

Rudolf Hiibner, Rector.

J. Ficker.

H. von Vochting.

H. Rubens.

O. Wallach.
von Groth.

GREECE.

University of Athens

University of Rome .
University of Bologna .
University of Palermo . .
University of Pisa ....
University of Padua
Royal Academy dei Lincei, Rome .

Royal Academy della Crusca,

Florence
Royal Lombard Institute of Science

and Letters, Milan

, Prof. Andrew Andreadis.

ITALY.
. Prof. Vito Volterra.

Prof. Giovanni Guccia.

Prof. Marchese E. Paterno di Sessa.
Conte Ugo Balzani.

Prof. Vito Volterra.

EUROPE — continued.

Royal Society of Naples . . Sir Archibald Geikie, K.C.B., P.R.S.

Zoological Station, Naples . . Prof. Reinhard Dohrn.
Royal Academy of Sciences, Turin . Lord Rayleigh, O.M., F.R.S.

MONACO.
Oceanographical Institute . . Mr. J. Y. Buchanan, F.R.S.

NETHERLANDS.

University of Amsterdam . . Prof. C. Winkler, Rector Magnificus.

University of Groningen . . Prof. G. C. Nijhoff, Rector.

University of Ley den . . . Dr. F. Pijper, Rector.

University of Utrecht . . . Dr. A. A. Nyland, Rector Magnificus.

Royal Academy of Sciences, Am- Prof. P. Zeeman, Secretary.

sterdam

Dutch Society of Sciences, Haarlem . Dr. J. P. Lotsy, Perpetual Secretary.

Batavian Society of Experimental Dr. R. H. van Dorsten, Secretary.

Philosophy, Rotterdam

NORWAY.

Royal University of Norway, Chris- Prof. Waldemar Brogger.

tiania
Academy of Sciences, Christiania . Prof. H. Mohn, President.

PORTUGAL.
Academy of Sciences, Lisbon . . Mr. Edgar Prestage.

RUSSIA.

Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Dr. O. Backlund.
Petersburg Prince Boris Galitzin.

Prof. I. P. Pawlow.

University of Moscow . . . Prof. A. P. Goubaroff.
University of Dorpat (Juriew) . Prof. Alexander Ivanovic Jarockij.
University of Warsaw . . . Prof. P. I. Mitrophanow.

FINLAND.

University of Finland, Helsingfors . Prof. Anders Donner, Rector.
Finnish Society of Sciences, Helsing- Prof. J. J. Sederholm.
fors

SPAIN.

Royal Academy of Sciences, Madrid Prof. Rodriguez Carracido.

10 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

EUROPE — continued.
SWEDEN.

University of Lund . . . Prof. C. W. L. Charlier.
University of Stockholm . . Baron Gerard de Geer, Pro-Rector.
University of Upsala . . . Prof. Allvar Gullstrand.
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Count K. A. H. Morner, Vice-President.
Stockholm

SWITZERLAND.

University of Berne . . . Prof. Th. Studer.
University of Geneva . . . Prof. E. Naville.
Helvetic Society of Natural Sciences,

Berne
Federal Technical High School, Prof. P. Weiss.

Zurich

EGYPT.

University of Egypt, Cairo . . H.H. Prince Ahmed Fouad Pacha, Presi-
dent-Rector.
Gordon College, Khartoum . . Dr. James Currie, Principal.

JAPAN.

Imperial University, Tokio . . Prof. R. Fujisawa.
Imperial University, Kyoto . . Prof. Jisaburo Yokobori.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

University of California . . . Prof. H. C. Plummer.

University of Chicago . . . Prof. E. B. Frost.

Clark University, Worcester . . Prof. Arthur G. Webster.

Columbia University, New York . Dr. N. Murray Butler, President.

Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. . Prof. J. H. Comstock.

Harvard University . . . Prof. B. O. Peirce.

Johns Hopkins University, Balti- Prof. W. Bullock Clark.

Leland Stanford Junior University, Prof. Vernon L. Kellogg.

California

University of Michigan . . . Prof. William H. Hobbs.

University of Minnesota, Minnea- Dr. Arthur Hamilton.

polis

University of Pennsylvania, Phila- Dr. Edgar F. Smith, Provost.

delphia

University of Princeton, New Jersey Prof. John G. Hibben, President.

250TH ANNIVERSARY 17

I'XITED STATES OF AMERICA — continued.

University of Wisconsin . . Prof. Charles K. Leith.

Yale University .... Dr. Arthur Twining Hadley, President.

American Academy of Arts and Prof. Edwin H. Hall.

Sciences, Boston
Connecticut Academy of Sciences Prof. Ernest W. Brown, F.R.S.

and Arts
American Mathematical Society, Prof. H. B. Fine, President.

New York
American Philosophical Society, Prof. W. B. Scott, Vice- President.

Philadelphia

Franklin Institute, Philadelphia . Major G. O. Squier.
California Academy of Sciences, Mr. Joseph D. Grant.

San Fransisco

Carnegie Institution, Washington . Dr. R. S. Woodward, President.
National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Arnold Hague, Secretary.

Washington
Smithsonian Institution, Washing- Dr. Arnold Hague.

ton
Washington Academy of Sciences . Dr. L. O. Howard.

MEXICO.
National University of Mexico . Dr. G. C. Martinez.

BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS
AUSTRALIA.

University of Adelaide . . . Prof. H. Lamb, F.R.S.

University of Melbourne . . Prof. Henry Laurie.

University of Sydney, New South Prof. T. P. Anderson Stuart.

Wales

Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart Dr. Gregory Sprott.

Royal Society of Victoria, Melbourne Mr. J. R. Hogg.

Royal Society of New South Wales, Mr. Charles Hedley.

Sydney

CANADA.

McGill University, Montreal . . Lord Strathcona, Chancellor.

Dr. W. Peterson, Principal.

University of Toronto . . . Mr,. R. A. Falconer, President.
Queen's University, Kingston, On- Prof. John Watson,
tario

18 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS — continued.

University of New Brunswick, Dr. C. C. Jones, Chancellor.

Fredericton, N.B.

University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Prof. Swale Vincent.
University of Ottawa . . . The Rev. Dr. Roy, Rector.
Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa . Sir Gilbert Parker, M.P.

Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Prof. J. G. MacGregor, F.R.S.

Halifax, N.S.

INDIA.

H.H. Maharaj Rana Sir Bhawani

Singh, Bahadur of Jhalawar,

K.C.S.I., Rajputana

University of Allahabad . . Rai Bahadur G. N. Chakravati.

University of Bombay . . . Dr. F. G. Selby, late Vice-Chancellor.

University of Calcutta . . . Prof. P. C. Ray.

University of Madras . . . Dr. A. C. Mitchell.

Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta Mr. G. H. Tipper, Hon. Secretary.

Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Col- Sir Theodore Morison, K.C.I.E.

lege of Aligarh

Indian Institute of Science . . Dr. M. W. Travers, F.R.S., Director.

SOUTH AFRICA.

University of the Cape of Good Hope Prof. A. H. MacKenzie.

Natal University College, Pieter- The Hon. J. C. Dove Wilson.

maritzburg

Royal Society of South Africa . Sir David Gill, K.C.B., F.R.S.

BRITISH ISLES

ENGLAND AND WALES.

University of Oxford . . . Dr. C. B. Heberden, Vice-Chancellor.
„ „ Wadham College Rev. P. A. Wright- Henderson, D.D.,

Warden.

University of Cambridge . . Lord Rayleigh,O.M., F.R.S., Chancellor.
University of London . . . Dr. Wilmot Parker Herringham, Vice-

Chancellor.

University of Birmingham . . Sir Oliver Lodge, F.R.S., Principal.
University of Bristol . . Prof. Lloyd Morgan, F.R.S.

University of Durham (Armstrong • Sir George H. Philipson, Vice-Chan-
College) cellor.
University of Leeds . . . Mr. M. E. Sadler, Pro-Chancellor.

250TH ANNIVERSARY

BRITISH ISLES — continued.

University of Liverpool .
University of Manchester
University of Sheffield .

University of Wales

Royal College of Physicians .

lloyal College of Surgeons
London Society of Antiquaries
„ British Academy
British .Museum

Chemical Society
Entomological Society
Geological Society
Geological Survey of Great

Britain

Institute of Chemistry
Institution of Civil Engi-
neers
Institution of

Engineers
Institution of Mechanical

Engineers

Iron and Steel Institute
Linnean Society
Lister Institute of Pre-
ventive Medicine
Mathematical Society
Mercers' Company
Mineralogical Society
Pharmaceutical Society
Physical Society
Royal Academy of Arts
Royal Agricultural Society
Royal Anthropological In-
stitute

Royal Army Medical College
Royal Astronomical Society

Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S.

Sir Alfred Hopkinson, Vice-Chancellor,

Prof. W. M. Hicks, F.R.S., Acting
Vice-Chancellor.

Sir H. Reichel Vice-Chancellor.

Sir Thomas Barlow, Bart., F.R.S., Presi-
dent.

Sir Rickman J. Godlee, Bart., President.

Sir Charles H. Read, President.

Dr. A. W. Ward, President.

The Rt. Hon. The Speaker.

Sir F. G. Ken3'on, K.C.B., Director.

Dr. L. Fletcher, F.R.S., Director of
Natural History Museum.

Prof. P. F. Frankland, F.R.S., President.

The Rev. F. D. Morice, President.

Dr. A. Strahan, F.R.S., President.

Dr. J. J. H. Teall, F.R.S., Director.

Prof. R. Meldola, F.R.S., President.
Mr. R. Elliott-Cooper, Vice-President.

Electrical Mr. S. Z. de Ferranti, President.

Mr. E. B. Ellington, President.

Mr. Arthur Cooper, President.

Prof. E. B. Poulton, F.R.S.

The Rt. Hon. Sir H. E. Rosfcoe, F.R.S.,

Chairman.

Dr. H. F. Baker, F.R.S., President.
Mr. Horace Cullen, Master.
Prof. W. J. Lewis, F.R.S.
Mr. C. B. Allen, President.
Prof. Arthur Schuster, F.R.S., President.
Sir Edward Poynter, Bart., President.
Lord Middleton, President.
Mr. Alfred P. Maudslay, President.

Col. B. Skinner, Commandant.
Mr. F. W. Dyson, F.R.S., President.
c. 2

THE ROYAL SOCIETY

BRITISH ISLES — continued.

London Royal Geographical Society Major Leonard Darwin, Vice-President.

„ Royal Horticultural Society Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., President.

„ Royal Institute of British Mr. Reginald Blomfield, President.

Architects

„ Royal Institution of Great Dr. Donald W. C. Hood.

Britain

„ Royal Meteorological So- Dr. H. N. Dickson, President.

ciety

„ Royal Microscopical- Society Mr. H. G. Plimmer, F.R.S., President.

„ Royal Society of Arts . Lord Sanderson, G.C.B., Chairman.

„ Royal Society of Medicine . Sir Henry Morris, Bart., President.

,, Royal Statistical Society . Lord George Hamilton, G.C.S.I.

„ Royal United Service Insti- Col. Sir Lonsdale Hale.

tution

„ Zoological Society . . The Duke of Bedford, E.G., F.R.S.,

President.

British Association for the Advance- Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B., F.R.S.,

ment of Science President.

Cambridge Philosophical Society . Sir George Darwin, K.C.B., F.R.S.,

President.

Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, Lord St. Levan.

Falmouth

Royal Observatory, Greenwich . Rear- Admiral H. E. Purey-Cust,

Hydrographer to the Navy.

Manchester Literary and Philo- Prof. F. E. Weiss, President.

sophical Society

Ordnance Survey, Southampton . Col. C. F. Close, Director-General.

Ashmolean Society of Oxford . Dr. A. A. Rambaut, F.R.S., President.

National Physical Laboratory . Mr. R. Kaye Gray.

Society of Chemical Industry . Dr. Rudolph Messel, F.R.S., President.

SCOTLAND.

University of Aberdeen .
University of Edinburgh
University of Glasgow .

University of St. Andrews
Royal Society of Edinburgh

Rev. Dr. G. Adam Smith, Principal.

Prof. James Geikie, F.R.S.

Sir Donald MacAlister, K.C.B., Vice-

Chancellor.
Prof. J. C. Irvine.
Prof. A. Crum Brown, F.R.S.

Royal Philosophical Society of Prof. John Glaister, President.
Glasgow

250TH ANNIVERSARY 21

BRITISH ISLES — continued.

IRELAND.
University of Dublin (Trinity Prof. J. Joly, F.R.S.

College)

Royal Irish Academy, Dublin . Prof. J. A. McClelland, F.R.S., Secre-
tary.

Royal Dublin Society . . . Sir Howard Grubb, F.R.S., Vice-Presi-
dent.

Queen's University of Belfast . . Prof. J. Symington, F.R.S.
National University of Ireland, Dr. Alexander Anderson.
Dublin

On the evening of July 16th the 250th anniversary of the
Royal Society was celebrated by a Dinner held in the ancient
Guildhall of London, which was attended by 490 guests. Besides
the representative Delegates whose names are given in the fore-
going list (p. 13) the company included a large number of the
Fellows of the Society, several members of the Government, the
Ambassadors of France, Italy, and Japan, the Archbishops of
Canterbuiy and York, Cardinal Bourne, the Dean of Westminster,
the Moderator of the Church of Scotland, the Lord Chief Justice
of England, the Master of the Rolls, the Lord Justice Clerk of
Scotland, and representatives of literature, art, and science. After
the usual loyal toasts the toast of ' The Royal Society ' was given
by Mr. Asquith, the Prime Minister, and was responded to by the
President. The * Universities at Home and Abroad ' were pro-
posed by Viscount Morley, Lord President of the Council, and
responses were given by Professor Emile Picard, of the Institute
of France, Professor Waldeyer, of the University of Berlin, and
Professor Winkler, Rector of the University of Amsterdam. The
toast of the * Learned Societies in the Old World and the New '
was proposed by His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, and
was replied to by the Marchese E. Paterno di Sessa, of the
Accademia dei Lincei, Rome, Prince Boris Galitzin, of the
Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg, and Dr. R. S. Woodward,
President of the Carnegie Institution, Washington. The last
toast, that of the ' City of London ', was proposed by Dr. Peterson,
Principal of McGill University, Montreal ; and, in the unavoidable
absence of the Lord Mayor of London, a reply was made by the
Right Honourable Sir T. Vezey Strong, the previous Lord Mayor.

22 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

WEDNESDAY, JULY 17TH.

The morning of this day was set apart for visits to places of
interest in London, such as Lambeth Palace, Westminster Abbey,
the British Museum, Bloomsbury, the Natural History Museum,
South Kensington, and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Arrangements were made by which the several parties of visitors
were conducted over these and other institutions, and the chief
features of each were pointed out by the resident officials.

In the afternoon the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland
gave a Garden Party at Syon House, their residence on the
Thames, to which the Delegates and Fellows of the Royal Society
with their ladies were invited. As the weather was brilliantly
fine, a large company assembled in the picturesque grounds and
enjoyed the summer beauty of an English park.

In the evening a Conversazione was held in the rooms of the
Royal Society at Burlington House, which was numerously
attended. Among the objects of interest presented on the
occasion attention was specially directed to the large collection of
portraits hung on the walls of the tea-room and meeting-room.
In the short handbook which was supplied to the company
a brief account of each picture was given. The portraits are
valuable not only as likenesses of eminent men who have been
connected with the Royal Society, but not a few of them also as
works of art. On the walls of the tea-room hang contemporary
portraits of Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, Robert Boyle, John
Wallis, John Wilkins, Christopher Wren, John Flamsteed,
Edmund Halley, John Locke, and other early Fellows of the
Society. The meeting-room contains portraits of more recent
Presidents. Among the exhibits shown on this occasion were
the apparatus devised by Mr. C. T. R. Wilson for making visible
the tracks of ionizing particles of vapour condensed upon the ions
set free along the paths ; and also some Cloud-photographs showing
the nature of the ionization produced by different kinds of rays. Sir
William Crookes exhibited his historical collection of Radiometers
and Otheoscopes. Mr. C. V. Boys showed his instrument for
experimenting with rotating soap-films. Some of the historical
relics in the possession of the Society were likewise displayed,
including Robert Boyle's air-pump, Huygens' aerial or tubeless

250TH ANNIVERSARY 23

telescope, Newton's original account of his Reflecting Telescope,
dated January 1672, and some instruments that belonged re-
spectively to Christopher Wren, Joseph Priestley, Captain James
Cook, and Charles Darwin.

THURSDAY, JULY 18TH.

The arrangements for the morning were similar to those of the
morning of the previous day. In the afternoon, the President,
Council, and Delegates went by railway to Windsor, where, by
the King's command, they were first conducted to St. George's
Chapel and thence through the State apartments of the Castle,
where the visitors had an opportunity of seeing the treasures of
art collected by successive sovereigns of England. The whole
company was marshalled on the terrace overlooking the gardens,
the same geographical arrangement of the Delegates being
maintained as at the presentation of addresses in Burlington
House. The King and Queen then came down to the terrace,
and the President, Treasurer, and Secretaries of the Royal Society
were presented to their Majesties by the Lord Chamberlain.
The Delegates were then presented in succession to their Majesties
by the President. After the ceremony of presentation, the
company joined the large Garden Party which their Majesties had
invited to Windsor on the occasion, and the King and Queen,
conversing with their guests on the way, passed to the Royal Tent.

As the whole Celebration was to end on the evening of this
day arrangements were made for a series of farewell dinners,
smaller and less formal than the large banquet in the Guildhall,
when the hospitality could be mingled with more general
friendly intercourse. A number of the Fellows gave parties, at
which Delegates and the ladies accompanying them could see
a little of English homes. The other Delegates were entertained
by the Royal Society Club, a dining club connected with the
Society for some two hundred years. At these various parties much
pleasant conversation took place, the friendships which had been
begun on the previous days were further strengthened, and the
Fellows of the Royal Society bade their guests farewell with the
assurance that the Celebration had passed off as successfully as
could have been desired.

24 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

The various functions arranged by the Royal Society were now
completed, but reference should be made to the sympathetic
action of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in organizing
an additional day and inviting a considerable number of Foreign
and Colonial Delegates, together with a few Fellows of the Society,
to partake of the hospitality of these two ancient seats of learning.
On the morning of Friday, the 19th, two parties, about equal in
number, left London for Oxford and Cambridge respectively. At
Oxford the guests took luncheon at All Souls College, with the
Chancellor of the University, Lord Curzon, and the Warden and
Fellows as hosts. A garden-party in the afternoon at Wadham
was full of interest in connexion with the association of this
College with the early history of the Royal Society. The
Warden gave the visitors a brief address in the Lodge wherein
the meetings of the early founders of the Society were held when,
owing to the political troubles of the middle of the seventeenth
century, they could no longer be held in London. At Cambridge
similar hospitality was shown to the guests by the Master and
Fellows of St. John's College.

At both Universities Honorary Degrees were conferred on
a few of the more distinguished men who had attended the
Celebration of the Royal Society. As a permanent and interesting
record of the visits of this day, the Latin eloges pronounced by
the Public Orator of each University are here given. Those at
Oxford (by Mr. A. D. Godley) were as follow :

OXFORD

JONS OSCAR BACKLUND, Central Observatory, Poulkovo.

Hodie eos hospitio excipimus qui Regiam illam Societatem ducentos et
quinquaginta annos peractos celebrantem votis et gratulationibus salutatum
venerunt : quos igitur fautrix et altrix naturalis scientiae Universitas Oxo-
niensis oblata facultate quoad potest titulis exoptat ornare. Ex his primus
ad vos accedit qui antiquissimam omnium scientiam profitetur. Hie origine
Suecanus postea in Russiam invitatus migravit : ibi et aliarum turrium astris
observandis exstructarum et praecipue eius quae est apud Pulkowenses curam
suscepit. Quod si quid de studiis eius loqui audere possum, haec nomine certe
eos referre videntur qui longe aliam illi quidem scientiam e caeli motibus olim
deduxerunt : est enim mathematicus et mathematicas praesertim rationes

250TH ANNIVERSARY 25

astronomiae adhibet. His artibus Enckiani illius cometae cursum et veloci-
tatem est emensus : propter quod insignissimo praemio Astronomica nostra
Societas hominem doctissimum ornavit. Nunc vero habet illud quoque
meritorum testimonium, quod Academiarum illius concilii, quod mox Petro-
poli conventurum esse audimus, Praeses est nuper electus. Praesento ergo
vobis JOHANNEM OSKAR BACKHAND, Turris Speculatoriae Principalis inter
Pulkowenses Curatorem, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia, honoris
causa.

WALDEMAR C. BHOGGER, University of Christiania.

Eum ad vos duco qui ut geologicae scientiae nullum fere noil genus
tetigit, ita in rupium praecipue et saxorum structura atque elementis
scrutandis mirabilem peritiam atque eruditionem praestitit. Namque patriae
suae litorum et montium formas inspiciendo ea se cognitione imbuit ut
priscarum illarum terrae marisque mutationum velut imaginem exprimere
potuerit : quod qui scripta eius legerit, is glaciei paulatim recedentis tractus
et Oceani modo prolatos modo coartatos fines velut oculis praesens aspicere
videatur. Quid quaeritis ? nihil nisi eruditissime idem et disertissime exposuit :
novas rerum leges tulit et probavit : quamque alii in singulis geologiae parti-
bus diligentiam exercent hie toti illi scientiae adhibuit. Propter illud autem
vix minorem laudem mereri videtur, quod his studiis non otio et securitate
a ceteris curis remotum se dedit, sed curiae suae consiliis et regendae
Universitatis negotiis distractum atque occupatum.

Itaque cum nemo huius temporis in ea quam profitetur scientia cum maiore
laude sit versatus, — id quod insigne illud Wollastonianum nuper ei a doctis
viris collatum testatur, — praesento vobis WALDEMARUM CHRISTOPHORUM
BROGGER, Mineralogiae et Geologiae Professorem in Universitate Christianiensi,
Rectorem eiusdem Universitatis, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia,
honoris causa.

WILLIAM B. Scorr, University of Princeton.

Quod in antiquiore orbis terrarum parte a viris magni nominis iam est factum
hie quern videtis in America cuius reipublicae civis est primus effecit. Nam
cum alii geologistae aliis scientiae suae partibus se dederint, hie illuc potissi-
mum incubuit ut quaenam fuerint ea saecla animantum exquireret quae terras
nondum in speciem quam videmus informatas colebant : vestigia eorum
e remotissima antiquitate conservata et inclusas ipsis rupibus reliquias
enucleavit et in lucem produxit : unde nos modo monstrorum magnitudinem
miramur modo notorum hodie animalium fontem atque originem agnoscimus.
Quibus rebus inveniendis multum laboris suscepit: immo in ipsa Patagonia,
qua terrarum regione nihil potest esse ab humanitate seiunctius, tres continues
habitavit annos. Nemo tenebras et crepuscula mundi latiore visu amplexus
est, nemo reperta in rationum formam prudentius composuit. Haec ut

26 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

doctorum virorum consensu ita praecipue Geologicae nostrae Societatis iudicio
comprobantur : namque ea singular! honore et praemio ingeniosissimum
hominem nuper ornavit. Quare praesento vobis WILLELMUM BERRYMAN SCOTT,
Geologiae et Palaeontologiae Professorem Blairianum in Universitate Prince-
tonensi, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia, honoris causa.

WILHELM WALDEYER, University of Berlin.

Quid est dignius quod ab academicis honoretur quam continuus vitae cursus
uno tenore scientiae finibus proferendis deditus ? Hie enim quern videtis ex
ineunte aevo in anatomiae studio elaboravit, cuius rei est hodie professor :
annum agimus quinquagesimum ex quo primura reperta sua litteris mandare
coeperat : neque postea ullus est secutus quin idem commentariis et libellis
edendis industriam suam atque eruditionem indicaret. In quo temporis spatio
permagnam rerum varietatem scribendo tractavit : modo ovorum partum et
generationem animalium, modo oculos et visus rationem studiis et investiga-
tionibus amplexus est : vix ullam denique quaestionem quae modo ad corporis
humani structuram pertineret intactam reliquit. Neque a doctis hominibus
tantum haec laudantur, sed et omnibus profuerunt : multum enim qui medendi
artem profitentur sunt huius lucubrationibus et consiliis adiuti. Praesento
ergo vobis WILLELMUM WALDEYER, Imperatoris Germanici in Medicina con-
siliarium, Anatomiae Professorem et Anatomici Collegii in Universitate
Berolinensi rectorem, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia, honoris
causa.

PETER ZEEMAN, University of Amsterdam.

Hominem ingeniosissimum et multum experimentis ausum vobis praesento.
Et quoniam in hoc doctorum virorum consessu loqui posse mihi videor
liberius, quae praecipua fuerit eius famae causa paucis (advertite) docebo.
Nam cum ignis ardentis lumen per vitrum lineis distinctum ita transmitti
sciatis ut non omnes lineae sed secundum eius rei qua utitur naturam aliae
alias immisso lumine fulgeant : hie si vim magnetoelectricam igni adhibueris
commixtos una omnes spectri quod vocant colores in singulis lineis apparere
experiendo demonstravit. Hoc repertum maximi momenti ab iis haberi quibus
cura est primordia rerum quali natura praedita constent investigare, omnes
necesse est agnoscant. Itaque cum hie non modo in lucis ratione elaboraverit
verum etiam ad mundi totius naturae cognitionem multum contulisse videatur,
magnum inter omnes physicistas nomen et laudem consecutus est : neque est
quisquam dignior quern titulo aliquo hoc praesertim die ornemus. Praesento
igitur vobis PETRUM ZEEMAN, Physicae Professorem in Universitate Amstelo-
damensi, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia, honoris causa.1

1 Dr. Gabriel Lippmann, For. Memb. R. S. , President of the Academy of Sciences of
Paris, was to have been included among those who received Honorary Degrees, but the
sudden death of Professor Poincare recalled him at once to France.

250TH ANNIVERSARY 27

CAMBRIDGE

The following are the speeches delivered by the Public Orator
(Sir John Sandys) in welcoming the Delegates, on their visit to
Cambridge, and in presenting to the CHANCELLOR (Lord Rayleigh)
the several recipients of honorary Degrees :

In ipso limine laudationum nostrarum, Societatis Regalis tot hospites illustres,
post sacra saecularia feliciter acta, Cantabrigiam hodie invisentes, Academiae
totius nomine iubemus salvere. Unumquemque igitur vestrum salutat et
Baconis et Newtoni et aliorum in scientia natural! aut olim aut nunc insig-
nium virorum Universitas. Dum tot scientiarum inter se diversarum cultores
illustres e tot orbis terrarum partibus ad litora nostra atque adeo Academiae
nostrae ad nemora hodie advectos intuemur, denuo nobis rata esse videntur
vetera ilia prophetae verba: — 'plurimi pertransibunt, et multiplex erit scientia.'1
Tot advenarum illustrium e numero placuit Senatui nostro nonnullos, gentium
inter se diversarum legates, scientiarum inter se diversarum antistites, velut
exempli causa, titulo nostro decorare, qui honos, vestrum omnium praesentia
illustratus, vestrum omnium, ut speramus, benevolentia comprobabitur.

EDWIN B. FROST, University of Chicago.

Dignissime domine, domine Cancellarie, et tota Academia —
Primum omnium respublica maxima trans oceanum Atlanticum nobis
coniunctissima quasi nuntium quendam sidereum ad nos misit, qui lacus
maximi in litore astrophysica (ut aiunt) praeclare profitetur, lacus minimi in
margine speculae astronomicae celeberrimae praepositus. Ibi, astronomi prae-
clari, Societatis Regalis baud ita pridem Praesidis, vestigia secutus, stellas,
quae inerrantes vocantur, diligenter observavit, et spectri (ut dicitur) auxilio,
earum motus aut recedentes aut appropinquantes accurate computavit. Idem,
cum collegis optimis consociatus, stellas duplices atque etiam multiplices pluri-
mas detexit ; siderum denique illorum praesertim, quorum in aere helium inesse
comprobatum est, primus tarditatem quandam motus demonstravit. Astro-
nomo autem nostro, viro impigro, viro acerrimo, tarditatem mentis nemo
exprobrabit. Etenim, talium virorum auxilio, 'caelum ipsum petimus,1 non
iam ' stultitia \2 sed sapientia ; atque, ut philosophi cuiusdam Romani verbis
utar, * cogitatio nostra caeli munimenta perrumphV 3 Duco ad vos scientiae
astrophysicae professorem illustrem, EDWIN BRANT FROST.

1 Liber Danielis prophetae, xii. 4.

2 Hor. Carm. i. 3, 38. 3 Seneca, De Otio, v. 6.

28 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

MARQUIS E. PATERNO DI SESSA, University of Rome.

Ex Italia ad nos advectus est regni Italici Britannis amicissimi senator,
coronae Italicae eques clarissimus, qui, Palermi natus, Romae per annos
quadraginta scientiam chemicam experimentis suis luculeuter illustravit.
Peritis notum est hunc virum olim benzenii potissimum progeniem explorasse,
— benzenii, quod matris baud pulchrae filiam, filiarum autem suavium et
pulchrarum matrem nominaverim. Notum est eundem postea corpora ex
fluorino, elemento illo impigro, composita, penitus investigasse ; in aliis denique
elementis, bromio praesertim et phosphoro liquido, particularum pondera
accuratius examinasse. Ceterum ha'ec omnia scientiae ad mysteria intima
pertinent, non a nobis vixdum initiatis divulganda. Etenim e scriptoribus
Romanis unus ait, * omnium rerum sunt quaedam in alto secreta ' ; l alter
autem, ' facilius natura intellegitur quam enarratur.' 2 Duco ad vos scientiae
chemicae professorem admodum nobilem, MARCHIONEM EMANUELEM PATERN& DI
SESSA.

IVAN PETROVITCH PAWLOW, Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg,
Foreign Member of the Royal Society.

Russorum ex imperio maximo, a nobis remoto sed studiorum communium
in vinculis vicino, ad nos venit physiologiae professor Petroburgensis, qui
ciborum digerendorum rationem universam exploravit, his studiis officinam
quandam dedicavit, physiologiae studiosorum scholam florentissimam fundavit.
Ut alia omittam, quam pulchre ostendit sucos illos, qui cibo concoquendo
inserviunt, non modo mentis motu vario etiam ipsos moveri et mutari, sed
etiam unicuique ciborum generi esse accommodatos, atque omnibus elementis
noxiis adversari et in contrariam partem fortiter contendere. Mentis quidem
certamen Prudentii in carmine quodam heroico narratum vidimus ; corporis
autem certamen, mentisque et corporis societatem intimam ab hoc viro
celebratam audivimus. Talium virorum ex studiis Cornelii Celsi praecepto
illi melius obtemperare possumus : ante omnia corporis sui naturam quisque
norit.3 Duco ad vos physiologiae professorem egregium, IVAN PETROVITCH
PAWLOW.

CHARLES E. PICARD, of the Institute of France, Foreign Member of the Royal
Society.

Francogallorum respublica nobis vicina, et vinculis indies artioribus nobis-
cum coniuncta, hospitem ad nos misit mathematicum insignem, mathematici
insignis (olim cum studii eiusdem antesignanis Cantabrigiensibus consociati 4)

1 Plin. N. H. xvii. 29. 2 Seneca, Epp. 121, § 11.

3 Celsus, De Medicina, i. 3, ' ante omnia norit quisque naturam sui corporis.'
* Charles Hermite was associated with Sylvester, Ferrers, Stokes, and Cayley as one of
the editors of the Quarterly Journal of Mathematics from 1857 to 1878.

250TH ANNIVERSARY 29

et generum et operum eius editorem praestantissimum. Reipublicae autem
illi hodie propterea praesertim gratulamur, quod talium virorum consilium,
populi totius cum fructu, totiens expetit. Primum, abhinc annos quattuor et
viginti, praemium ex eadem studiorum provincia reportavit, quam in Scan-
dinavia Abelius primus illustraverat. Idem, scientiarum Academiae Parisiensi
nuper praepositus, quamquam argumentorum in genere quodam abstruso
versatur, stili lucidi lumine libros suos omnes illustravit. Testis est opus
praeclarum de scientiae statu hodierno ad sensum popularem accommodatum ;
testes sunt Analytica ilia, etiam a iuventute Britannica libenter perlecta;
testes etiam illae de methodi analyticae historia Angliae novae in Universitate
quadam nova nuper habitae orationes. Ergo in uno eodemque viro et
mathematici illustris et oratoris optimi habetis exemplar. Duco ad vos
studiorum analyticorum professorem eloquentem, CAROLUM AEMILIUM PICARD.

HEINRICH RUBENS, University of Berlin.

Germanorum ex imperio maximo, nobis utinam in perpetuum coniunctissimo,
ad nos perlatus est scientiae physicae in Universitate Berolinensi professor, qui,
luce cotidiana non contentus, etiam lucem illam, quae oculorum aciem fugit,
assidue exploravit. Lucem quidem universam ex undis constare electricis,
rationibus exquisitis ductus, Maxwellius noster olim praedixit ; idque et sui
ipsius et aliorum experimentis postea prorsus comprobatum est. Hie autem,
rem ipsam denuo aggressus, placitis Maxwellianis maxime congruus, lucis
undas longas est dimensus, illis quidem multo longiores quae erant antea
cognitae, sed illis aliquanto breviores quas vis electrica per artem adhibita
generare potuit. Sed, inter has duas undarum varietates penitus exploratas,
iam restat intervallum perbreve, quo sine dubio (fortasse per hospitem nostrum)
propediem expleto, Maxwellii nostri doctrina universa erit patefacta, et, inter
tot rerum naturae miracula, etiam lucis leges melius cognoscentur. Dixit
olim Miltonus noster, ' Lux sacra, salve, prima progenies Dei ' ; l et tu, salve,
lucis legum explorator indefesse. Duco ad vos scientiae physicae professorem
praeclarum, Regis sui consilio privato adscriptum, HENRICUM RUBENS.

J. E. B. WARMING, University of Copenhagen.

Regnum Danicum, Scandinaviae pars eximia, cum Britannia vinculis teneris
sed eisdem firmissimis coniuncta, misit scientiae botanicae professorem
emeritum, qui inter suos horto praefuit admirabilem in modum disposito et
ordinato. Idem non modo doctrinae botanicae orbem totum in libro quodam
eximio perlustravit, sed etiam, in aliis litterarum monumentis, partes eius
nonnullas aut ad Americam Australem aut ad zonae torridae miracula aut ad
Floram Arctoam pertinentes subtilius perscrutatus est. In ilia vero scientiae

1 Paradise Lost, iii. 1, ' Hail, holy Light ! offspring of Heav'n first-born.'

30 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

tarn pulchrae provincia, quae oecologia nuncupatur, viarum novarum explora-
tor exstitit. Unde factum est, ut haec studiorum provincia, non modo in
regno Danico, sed etiam inter Francogallos, inter Germanos, in Helvetia, in
Britannia, inter populos denique mari Atlantico a nobis divisos, cultoribus indies
pluribus pateat. Non minus autem quam haec potissimum pars scientiarum
imturalium, talium rerum scientia tota munus sibi vindicavit locorum spatiis
universum atque adeo orbi terrarum toti conterminum. Ergo hospitibus nostris
omnibus, e tot orbis terrarum partibus ad nos hodie allatis, Historiae Naturalis
auctoris eruditissimi verba licet sibi confidenter arrogare: 'Non unius terrae sed
totius Naturae interpretes sumus.1 1 Coronam nostram supremam accipit
Florae sacerdos venerabilis, EUGENIUS WARMING.

1 Plin. N. H. xviii. 214.

I. THE ADDRESSES1
EUROPE

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

IMPERIAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, VIENNA

HOCHGEEHRTE GESELLSCHAFT ! Gerechter Stolz erfullt unsere Seele, wenn
wir die Errungenschaften auf dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften betrachten.
Von den geheimnisvollen Vorgangen in der Natur liegt ein grosser Teil
enthiillt vor unseren Augen. Wir verstehen nicht nur die grossartigen
Vorgange, die der Himmel uns darbietet, wir konnen sogar die Bewegungen
der unsichtbaren Atome beschreiben. Bis zu den Grenzen der Sichtbarkeit
konnen wir noch das organische Leben verfolgen, das so lange ungestort das
Dasein der Menschen gefahrdete. Unzahlige praktische Erfindungen waren
die Folge der wissenschaftlichen Errungenschaften, Erfindungen, welche fur
das Behagen, aber auch fur die Gesundheit der Menschen von hochstem Wer.t
sind, Erfindungen, rait denen wir Raum und Zeit besiegen. Die Erforschung
der Natur war aber auch ein grosser Gewinn fur die moralische Hebung des
Menschengeschlechtes, sie allein war es, die die Menge aus dunklem Aberglauben
befreite, die solchen Verirrungen wie Astrologie, Alchemic usf. ein Ende
setzte. Allergrossten Dank sind wir daher den Mannern schuldig, die durch
ihre Forschungen dieses Emporbluhen der Wissenschaft erzielten. Aber
wenn es auch seit jeher nicht an hervorleuchtenden Geistern fehlte, die
Kometen gleich Licht in die Finsternis strahlten : die neue Richtung brach
sich erst Bahn durch vereintes Streben. Als beim Untergang der Scholastik
in den Menschen allmahlich die Erkenntnis aufdammerte, dass das Studium
der Natur vor Tillem geeignet ist, unseren Geist zu befreien, da zog gerade
in England die neue Richtung zahlreiche Schiller an, die, indem sie in dem
Forschen nach Wahrheit den besten Trost fur die Wirren ihrer Zeit fanden,
sich zu regelmassiger gemeinsamer Arbeit verbanden und alle Teile der
Naturwissenschaft in Angriff nahmen. Das Ansehen und die Zahl dieser
Manner, im Anfange noch die ' Invisibles ', stieg rasch, indem ihre Mitbiirger
den Wert ihrer Studien fur den Fortschritt der Menschheit erkannten.
Konigliche Gnade erhob diese Gesellschaft 1662 zur Royal Society, ein Akt,
welcher der ganzen Welt Vorteil brachte, indem die Royal Society nunmehr

1 These are arrange:! in the same geographical order as the List of Delegates, pp. 13-21.

32 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

durch 250 Jahre unermudlich immer neue Fruchte des Wissens zur Reife
brachte. Ihre Schriften enthalten die Bausteine unseres gesamten heutigen
Wissens, durch welche sie selbst und darnach die bewundernden Schwester-
akademien die Naturwissenschaften auf ihren heutigen Stand bringen konnten.
Eine der jimgsten Akademien, die dem Stern der Royal Society bewundernd
folgt, die kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, wiinscht der
Royal Society zu der 250. Wiederkehr ihres Stiftungstages, dass sie in
aller Zukunft ihres Bestandes sich erfreuen und fortfahren moge, eine Letichte
fur die Menschheit zu sein.

Wien, am 30. Juni

Das Presidium der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften :

E. VON BOHM-BAWERK, Prdsldent.
VIKTOR VON LANG, Vizeprasident,
FRIEDRICH BECKE, Generalsekretdr.
JOSEF VON KARABACEK, Sekretiir.

AMPLISSIMAE REGALI SOCIETATI LONDINI. Inter academias liberalium artium,
quae in rerum cognitione et scientiae pervestigatione vigent, Societas Vestra
principatum obtinet secundisque rerum proventibus antiquitus traditis ea
incrementa cepit, in quibus perquam raro alia collegia gloriari possint. Inde
ab ipsis cultus atque humanitatis quasi incunabulis clari et docti viri
Britannorum gentis societatem privatam constituerunt, quae postea tutela regis
Caroli II Regalis nuncupata est, ut non una aliqua in re elaboraret, sed
omnia, praecipue philosophiam, scientiae pervestigatione comprehenderet.
Gravitate et auctoritate sua iam a primordiis domi ad magnum et honoratum
ministerium indicis litterati et consiliarii rerum publicarum curatorum
producta est, foris vero editiones eius ab omnibus hominibus, qui in artibus
versantur, honorem consequuntur. Raro fit ut aliqua litterarum societas
per tarn longum tempus sit industria singulari, sicut Vestra, cui uni omnium
ducentesimum quinquagesimum diem natalem celebrare contigit. Qua ex re
concludi potest Societatem Vestram munere atque officio feliciter functam
esse, nam aliter sentire de societate, cui usus erat cunl luminibus doctrinae,
ut cum clarissimo Newton et cum viris doctis Halley, Simpson, Cavendish,
Wollaston, Priestley, Herschel, Davy et multis aliis, haud licet. Quamobrem
omnes viri docti de his sollemnibus gaudent, imprimis vero Croatarum
Universitas Zagrabiensis ex intimo corde amplissimae Regali Societati gratu-
latur, optatque ut in scientiae pervestigatione et in posterum fortuna prospera

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 33

utatur et quani maximos progressus in studiis facial. Senatus academicus
regiae litterarum Universitatis Francisco-Iosephinae.

Zagrabiae, die 9 luln 1912.

Rector: DR. JULIUS DOM AC.

Ab epistulis : FRANCISCUS PEVALEK.

IMPERIAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CRACOW

REGIA SOCIETAS, quae ducentos quinquaginta iam annos stat tanquam
columna ignea omnibus sive apud Britannos praeclaros sive apud reliquas
gentes scientiarum studiosis : quotiescunque difficiliores tractabant quaestiones,
indefesso praelucebat ardore, ut per tenebras et dubia pervenirent ad veritatis
contemplationem. Inter tot nationes, tot doctorum collegia et instituta, quae
gratissimam celeberrimae Societatis memoriam conservant, propter consilia
monitaque in scientiis colendis saepissime ab ea impertita, etiam antiquum
regnum Poloniae cum scholis suis et Academiis locum sibi debitum obtinet.
Itaque decet et convenit ut hoc die glorioso, communi laetitiae destinato,
quando Regia Societas cum superbia bene merita retrorsum per duo saecula cum
dimidio respiciet labores suos ac studia, etiam vox illius regionis audiatur quae
protulit Copernicum, utque iungatur chore mundano gratulatorum. Xeque
mirum videbitur, si muneri gratulandi celeberrimae Societati nomine nationis
Polonae totque generationum studiosorum ac doctorum incumbat detque
operam Academia Scientiarum Cracoviensis, non interruptae traditionis haeres
legitima et vera. Namque ruina libertatis politicae non inhibuit neque inter-
rupit apud Polonos studiorum progressum, erectio vero Imperialis Academiae
Scientiarum Cracoviensis, fundatae a Sua Maiestate, Imperatore Austriae Fran-
cisco losepho I, novarn et firmam addidit disciplinam et temperantiam antiquis
studiis, quae fere numquam cessavere durante regno Poloniae. Iam quadraginta
istis annis, qui praeterierunt ab eius institutione, Academia Cracoviensis,
imprimis vero eius Classis mathematico-physica multis re vera iungebatur vin-
culis Illustrissimae Regiae Societati turn quoad methodum indagationum melius
ediscendam turn ad clarius determinandum inceptorum operum finem ultimum.
Cuius rei testimoniis abundant tantum, quantum sat est, Academiae Cra-
coviensis Annales ; beneficia vero familiaris consuetudinis, concessa nostris
Academicis a nonnullis perquam illustribus membris Regiae Societatis his ultimis
decenniis quantum et quale fuerit, vere non poterit aestimari, nisi mutuum lit-
terarum commercium aliquando in medium proferatur. Itaque gratis animis
multiplices has relationes agnoscentes et revocantes Praeses ac Socii Imperialis
Academiae Scientiarum Cracoviensis, debitam manifestantes venerationem
suam hac occasione laetissima oblata et considerantes magnificam Societatis
Regiae historiam turn praeteritam turn praesentem, ex totis cordibus auguran-
tur ut historia futura non minus sit splendida utque novae scientiae humanae

provinciae inveniantur omnibusque pateant utque Regia Societas per multa
adhuc saecula futura remaneat Britannis gloriosa ac splendens corona, aliis
nationibus auxiliatrix et adiutrix omnis generis studiorum, tandem fraternitatis
mutuae populorum exemplum vivificans, ut omnes se diligant et adiuvent in
Christo, qui est scientiarum fons vivus, numquam exhaustus.
Cracoviae, die XII lulii A. D. MCMXII.

BOLESLAW ULANOWSKI, Secretarius generalis.
FRIDERICUS ZOLL Sen., Vice Praesidis.
WLADYSLAW NATANSON, Secretarms,

Classls mathematico-physica.
EDWARD JANCZEWSKI, Director,

Classis matJiematico-physica.

UNIVERSITY OF LEMBEEG

RECTOR ET SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS POLONIAE LEOPOLIENSIS Societati Regiae
Londinensi et vetustate et auctoritate primae inter Academias Scientiarum
in toto terrarum orbe salutem summaeque venerationis testimonium mittunt.
Inde ab illo Isaaco Newtonio et hodie collegium Vestrum inagno numero
virorum praestantissimorum ornatur, qui cum non unius populi, sed generis
humani sint praeceptores, Societas Regia quasi sol quidam doctrinarum
exstitit, cuius radii usque ad extremes cultus humanitatisque fines descendunt.
Ex eis quidem finibus orientalibus, sed ex terra quae Nicolao Copernico filio
suo gloriatur, accipite, Viri Illustrissimi, sollemnia semisaecularia quinta
Societatis Vestrae celebrantes, plurimam salutem nee non optima omina,
ut opera Vestra eodem atque adhuc modo etiam in tempus futurum uberrimos
fructus messemque opimam generi ferat humano.

Leopoli (Lemberg) in Austria, Galicia, die 1 lulii, Anno 191%.

L. FINKEL, 7i. t. Rector.

BOHEMIAN KARL-FERDINAND UNIVERSITY, PRAGUE

REKTOH A SEXAT CESKE UNIVERSITY KARLO-FERDINANDOVY v PRAZE pripojuji
se radostne k slavnosti vyznamneho dne, jimz Kralovska Spolecnost v Lon-
dyne oslavuje 2501ete vyroci sveho zalozeni. Pfi te pfilezitosti vzpominaji
nehynoucich zasluh, jez si Kralovska Spolecnost o rozkvet ved ziskala. Ona
prva postavila se v celo hnuti, jimz obrozeno badani ve vsech oborech ved
pfirodnich a v tomto smeru razila drahy od prveho sveho vzniku azdo doby
dnesni. V dobe, kdy v cechach rieprizni osudu a pohromami valecnymi
dohrobeny veskere mnohoslibne pocatky ku pesteni nauk, stalajiz Kralovska

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 35

Spolecnost v cele ruehu vedeckeho a dala podnet k zakladani jinych sesterskych
instituci Evropskych. I vzpomenouti dluzno onech prvych hlubokych myslitelu,
jiz postupem doby mystiku z vedy odstranovali, jakoz i neprehledne fady
on£ch slavnych badatelu, kteri v cele Kralovske Spolecnosti exaktnim a
biologick^m naukam nove smery vedecke prace urcovali. Na dnesnim pokro-
ku a na praktickych vymozenostech ved prirodnich ma Kralovska Spolecnost
nejvetsi podil ! Majice tedy stale na pameti velike ony zasluhy, jez si
Kralovska Spolecnost o rozkvet ved a tudiz i o prospech lidstva ziskala,
osvedcuji rektor a senat ceske university Kralovske Spolecnosti pocity sve
hluboke ucty a vaznosti, jakoz i sve uprimne blahopfani ku trvalym vysledkum
blahodarne jeji cinnosti.

v Praze, dne 1. Cervence 1912.

J. CELAKOVSKY, F. rector.

KAREL KADLEC, t. c. Dekanfakulty prdvnicJce.

RECTOR ET SENATUS CAES. REG. UNIVERSITATIS LITTERARUM CAROLEAE FER-
DINANDEAE PRAGENsis BoHEMiCAE Societati Regiae Londinensi. Ducentesima
quinquagesima natalicia Societatis vestrae quod sollemniter celebratis, gaude-
mus eaque sollemnia votis optimis prosequimur. Simul pia memoria illud
recolimus, quantopere Societas vestra de cultu ac flore scientiarum, ex quo
condita est, meruerit. Nam ilia prima tamquam dux eorum procedebat,
quorum opera studium in omnibus scientiarum naturalium generibus renatum
est, atque ita novas cogitandi vias per omne aevi sui spatium muniebat.
Quando temporum iniquitate bellicisque casibus omnia ferme felicia scientias
colendi initia in Bohemia extincta sunt, agmen virorum in doctrinis elaboran-
tium Societas vestra iam ducebat, effecitque ut aliae similes per Europae terras
conderentur societates. Atque in animum revocandi videntur cum primi illi
viri docti ingeniosi, qui procedente tempore superstitiones e doctrinarum
rationibus propellerent, turn innumerabiles illi rerum investigatores clarissimi,
qui Societati vestrae praepositi exactis quae dicuntur et biologicis disciplinis
velut novas vias docti laboris demonstrabant. Quod tantum ad hanc aetatem
naturales scientiae profecerunt quodque tantum fructum usus earum tulit
hominibus, haec maxima ex parte Societatis vestrae laus est existimanda.
Dum igitur memoria tenemus, quantopere Societas vestra de scientiarum
incremento et flore meruerit generisque humani commoda auxerit provexerit,
verecunde ac pie earn colimus suspicimus, quodque talia tamque utilia et
semper duratura effecit, sincere laetamur totoque animo vobis congratulamur.

Dabamus Pragae, capite regni Bohemiae, Jcalendis luliis anni MCMXII.

J. CELAKOVSKY, h. t. rector.
CAROLUS KADLEC, h. t. decanus facult. iuridicae.
D 2

36 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

ROYAL HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITY, BUDAPEST

RECTOR ET SENATUS REGIAE SCIENTIARUM UNIVERSITATIS HUNGARICAE
BUDAPESTINENSIS Magnifico Praesidi Societatis Regalis Londinensis pro
Scientia Natural! promovenda S. P. D. Magnifice Domine, E litteris Vestris
ad nos perhumaniter datis maximo cum gaudio Vos die decima sexta et
duabus insequentibus diebus mensis lulii a. c. Societatis Vestrae, a Carolo
Secundo rege Vestro constitutae, feliciter peracti anni ducentesimi quin-
quagesimi sollemnia celebraturos esse legimus. Gratias Vobis agimus, viri
praestantissimi, quod laeto cum hoc nuntio ad has Ferias saeculares nos
quoque benignissime familiarissimeque invitatos esse volueritis. His festis
per legatum nostrum publice missum Dominum Drem ISIDORUM FROHLICH,
Consiliarium Aulicum Reg. Hung., Rectorem huius temporis Universitatis
Nostrae Magnificum gratulationes nostras, caritatem votaque testamur, ex
animi sententia optantes ut per sequentia quoque saecula Societas Vestra
floreat et crescat. Haec vero charta sigillo Universitatis munita in tabulario
Societatis Vestrae deposita, perenni sit documento, quam sincere voluerit
particeps esse gens nostra Hungarica inter populos celeberrimos culturae
humanae diebus festis humanitatis et quam ardenter Vobis omnia bona
faustaque precata sit.

Dabamus Budapestini in Capite Regni Hungarian, die trigesima mensis
lunii a. D. millesimo nongentesimo duodecimo.

DR. ISIDORUS FROHLICH, h. t. Rector.

DR. ANTONIUS MARGITARY, Regis ConsiL, Senatus Notarius.

BELGIUM

UNIVERSITY OF LOUVAIN

A MONSIEUR LE PRESIDENT ET A MESSIEURS LES MEMBRES DE LA SOCIETE
ROYALE DE LONDRES. — Messieurs,L'Universite Catholique deLouvain, qui garde
le souvenir reconnaissant de la participation des Societes savantes a ses propres
fetes jubilaires, estheureuse aujourd'hui d'offrir, a son tour, a la Societe Royale
de Londres, ses vives felicitations a Foccasion de la celebration solennelle du
250me anniversaire de sa fondation. II n'est pas une Institution scientifique
qui puisse se glorifier d'un passe plus brillant et plus fecond. Dans le domaine
des sciences physiques et mathematiques comme dans celui de la biologie,
la Societe Royale s'est dignement acquittee de la mission que lui confia son
Auguste Fondateur : elle a ete un puissant facteur du progres des sciences
naturelles. Elle s'est acquis de la sorte un droit incontestable aux suffrages

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 37

de tous les Corps savants. LUniversite de Louvain forme les voeux les plus
ardents pour la prosperite toujours croissante de cette illustre Societe ; Vivat !
Crescat ! Floreat ! Au nom du Conseil Rectoral,

Le Recteur, P. LADEUZE.
Le Secretaire, J. VAN BIERVLIET.
Louvain, le 27 Juin 1912.

ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BRUSSELS

A LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES. — Monsieur le President, Sir ARCHIBALD
GEIKIE, Associe de 1'Academie royale de Belgique, Vous voulez bien porter
a la connaissance de TAcademie royale de Belgique que la Societe
royale de Londres, fondee, en 1645, par un groupe de savants, en vue du
progres de la science dans le Royaume-Uni, constituee en association des
1660, et investie le 15 juillet 1662, par le Roi Charles II, d'une Charte de
corporation, celebrera le 16 juillet de Tannee actuelle son deux cent cinquan-
tieme anniversaire. Vouz invitez, en meme temps, on ne peut plus confra-
ternellement, 1' Academic royale de Belgique a cette commemoration d'une si
haute importance pour la science, en general, de tous les pays qui s'occupent
de la culture des connaissances humaines en tete desquelles sont TAstronomie
et votre immortel Newton. L' Academic royale de Belgique est on ne peut
plus flatte'e de cette gracieuse invitation de la Societe royale pour laquelle
elle professe la plus grande admiration, non seulement pour ses membres si
illustres, mais aussi pour les travaux dont ils ont enrichi la science europeenne
pendant les deux siecles et demi ecoules de votre celebre Societe. Ce n'est
pas d'hier, illustre Confrere, que nous apprecions la haute valeur scientifique
de la Societe royale et sa valeur morale. Lors de son retablissement par le
Roi Guillaume Ier, en 1816, le premier soin de TAcademie royale de Belgique
fut de demander a la Societe royale de Londres 1'echange de ses publica-
tions avec vos celebres Philosophical Transactions. La collection que nous
possedons de ces Transactions remonte a Tannee 1777 ; elle constitue le
plus beau joyau de notre bibliotheque, au meme titre que les publications de
I1 Academic des sciences de Paris. C'est un tresor inestimable qui fait con-
stamment Tadmiration des savants qui y ont recours pour leurs travaux. Ils
sont legion les membres de la Societe royale que 1'Academie royale de
Belgique a eu Thonneur de compter comme associes depuis 1816. Et leurs
noms sont deja entoures parmi nous, comme en Angleterre, de Taureole de la
gloire : Charles Babbage, Sir John William Herschel, Pierre Barlow, Sir James
South, Sir Edward Sabine, John Barrat, John Taylor, Robert Brown, Sir
David Brewster, Michael Faraday, Sir Richard Owen, Sir Charles Wheatstone,
Sir George Biddell Airy, Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, Sir Charles Lyell,

38 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Thomas Davidson, Charles Robert Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Andrew
Crombie Ramsay, Thomas Henry Huxley, Lord Kelvin, John Tyndall, James
Prescott Joule, Sir Joseph Prestwich, Arthur Cayley, James Joseph Sylvester,
Sir William Henry Flower. D'autre part, c'est un reel honneur pour nous de
voir encore figurer dans nos rangs Sir George-Howard Darwin, Sir James
Dewar, Sir Edwin Ray Lankester, Sir John Murray et vous meme, Sir
Archibald Geikie, le si distingue president actuel de la Societe royale. II
nous est ^impossible, Sir, dans le cadre de cette Adresse de felicitations, de
citer tous les travaux de votre Societe, meme les plus celebres. Et cependant
1'Academie royale de Belgique aurait ete si heureuse d'en parler, surtout de
ceux qui, depuis le commencement du xvnme siecle, ont fait progresser les
sciences d'une maniere si prodigieuse. D'aussi celebres souvenirs et un aussi
memorable passe, dont la Belgique, comme toute TEurope scientifique, a
profite, sont le plus sur garant d'un avenir qui sera aussi illustre pour la
Societe royale de Londres. L'Academie royale de Belgique souhaite a la
Societe royale d'acquerir encore de nouveaux titres a la reconnaissance de
Thumanite. Puisse-t-elle, a tout jamais, pour le bien de celle-ci, continuer
a tenir avec 1'Academie des sciences de Paris le sceptre de la science qui
constitue le flambeau de la verite. Quant a Lord Lister, 1'Academie, au nom
de toute la Belgique, s'associe au deuil de 1'Angleterre au sujet de la mort de
Tillustre chirurgien. Telle est 1'expression des sentiments de 1'Academie
royale de Belgique, que Tun de ses membres, M. Dollo, s'est engage a vous
apporter de notre part.

Bruxelks, le 16 juillet 1912.

Le Secretaire perpetuel, LE CHEVALIER EDMOND MARCHAL.

DENMARK

UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN

UNIVERSITAS HATJNIENSIS REGALI SOCIETATI S. P. D. Duo iam saecula et
dimidium Regalis Societas ita egit, ut egregium illud dictum, quod vexillo
suo inscripsit, semper summa cum fide exsequeretur. Eo tempore exorta,
quo nihil fere praeter ecclesiam in lumine erat, praecipueque Naturalium
Rerum Scientia crassa superstitionis caligine obfuscabatur, hoc sibi proposuit,
ut novam et veram philosophiam naturalem in lucem duceret, experiendi arte
fultam et ingenua inquirendi ratione procedentem. Libera, a nullius gratia
pendens, nullo auxilio externo munita, incrementum sensu cepit et robur,
dum socii, scientiam ipsius causa ardentibus animis amantes, infatigabili
studendi vigore provehuntur veritatemque ex tenebris nebulisque eliciunt,
minime eo deterriti, quod labores, quibus operam suam impendebant, saepius

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 39

spes suas fallere nullumque profectum promittere videbantur. Procedente tern-
pore non raro apparuit, ea quoque, quae primo aspectu vana et sterilia esse
videbantur, uberes et inexhaustos fontes aperuisse. Quod vere dictum est,
Anglorum nationem non victoriis terras expugnando coloniasque late per
orbem condendo potius quam naturam suae terrae sibi subiciendo magnam et
illustrem factam esse, quodque nulla cuiquam relinquitur dubitatio quin
accrescens Rerum Naturalium Scientia toti generi humano immane quantum
profuerit, Regalis Societas merito gloriari potest, tarn hanc patriae laudem
quam illas communis hominum vitae utilitates magnam partem viris deberi
quos in sociorum numero habuerit. Ingenuo et grato animo eorum beneficio-
rum memoriam retinens, quae bonarum artium studia huic Societati deberft
quae ipsa princeps condita postea multis aliis eiusdem generis societatibus
originem dedit et normam, Universitas Hauniensis Regali Societati CCL annos
gloriose exactos gratulatur, sperans fore ut futura eius tempora digna prae-
teritis saeculis luce fulgeant.

FRANCISCUS BUHL, h. a. Rector Uuiversitatis.

ROYAL DANISH SOCIETY or SCIENCE, COPENHAGEN

TIL ROYAL SOCIETY i LONDON. Grundlseggelsen af Royal Society for
250 Aar siden var en Begivenhed, som ogsaa nu med allerstorste Paaskonnelse
maa mindes af enhver, som glaeder sig over den Hojde, hvortil Nutidens Natur-
videnskab har haevet sig. Ved dets Stiftelse lagdes nemlig Grunden til store
Laere : Bygninger, som siden den Tid ere voksede op, og som ere i Stand til at
baere kommende Tiders rige Arbejder. Uforglemmelige i Videnskabens His-
toric ere de hver paa sit Omraade fremragende Maend, der samledes fbrst i en
mere privat Kreds og dernaest i det af dem grundlagte Selskab for at fore-
tage naturvidenskabelige Forsog i et Omfang og med en Planmaessighed, som
ikke var kendt i tidligere Tider. Om den store Betydning af det Samarbejde
mellem indenlandske og udenlandske Medlemmer, som Royal Society straks
bragte tilveje, vidner den Brevveksling, som med det som Mellemled fortes
mellem Newton og Leibniz, og som indeholder de vigtigste Dokumenter
vedrorende Infinitesimalregningens Tilbliven. Endelig var det under dette
Selskabs Auspicier, at Newton nogle Aar senere, kraftig tilskyndet af dets
ovrige Medlemmer, udgav sine Principia. Disse faa Traek vise den Hoved-
andel, som Royal Society i sine fbrste Decennier havde i Grundlaeggelsen af
den moderne Mathematik, Fysik og Astronomi ; men tidlig udstraktes dets
initiativrige og frugtbringende Virksomhed ligeledes til de andre Omraader
af Naturvidenskaben, og ogsaa efter Udskillelsen af Selskaber med mere
specielle Formaal er Royal Society vedblevet at vaere Centralorganet for den
britiske Nations naturvidenskabelige Arbejde, der har haft og bestandig har
en saa fremragende Andel i de store Fremskridt paa alle Naturvidenskabens

40 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Omraader. Som Repraesentant for det mere beskedne Arbejde i de samme
Retninger, som gores af en langt mindre, men beslaegtet Nation, tager det
Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab levende Del baade i den almin-
delige Tak for alt det, som er ydet og den Dag i Dag bliver ydet gjennem
Royal Society, og i Onsket om en Fremtid, der svarer til dets Fortid
og Nutid.

I det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Juli 1912.

President VILH. THOMSEN.
Sekretaer H. G. ZEUTHEN.

FRANCE

UNIVERSITY OF PARIS

L'UNIVERSITE DE PARIS AU PRESIDENT, AU CoNSEIL ET AUX MEMBRES DE LA

SOCIETE ROYALE DE LoNDRES. — LTUniversite de Paris est heureuse de se faire
representer aux fetes donnees par la Societe Royale de Londres a Toccasion
du deux cent cinquantieme anniversaire de sa fondation. Ce fut un jour
memorable que celui ou le roi Charles II transforma en Societe Royale le club
ou se reunissaient chaque semaine quelques curieux de la methode experimen-
tale. Le programme de votre Charte etait de developper la nouvelle philo-
sophie, comme on disait alors, c'est-a-dire la connaissance de la nature au
moven de Inexperience. Votre Societe est toujours restee fidele a son premier
but, et Thistoire de la Science montre avec quel eclat vous avez contribue au
developpement de ce que vous appelez encore aujourd'hui la philosophic
naturelle. On ne peut se reporter aux premiers temps de votre fondation
sans evoquer le souvenir de celui qui fut pendant vingt-quatre ans votre
president, et dont un de vos poetes a dit eloquemment que c'est un honneur
pour le genre humain qu'un tel homme ait existe. Toute louange palit a
cote du nom d'Isaac Newton. II n'est pas une branche des sciences physico-
mathematiques et des sciences naturelles qui n'ait etc enrichie par les travaux
des membres de votre Compagnie. John Dalton et Humphry Davy comptent
parmi les fondateurs de la chimie moderne, et les decouvertes de Faraday et
de Maxwell en electricite ont eu d'immenses consequences. Toute une philo-
sophie se rattache au nom de Charles Darwin, dont les admirables et patientes
observations ont mis en evidence d'importants facteurs de 1'evolution des etres
vivants. Dans le grand labeur jamais termine, par lequel s'edifie peu a peu la
Science, chaque nation apporte sa mentalite particuliere. Vos savants restent
toujours soucieux des details et des applications. Quel bel exemple a donne
un grand physicien, comme Lord Kelvin, dont 1'esprit puissant, capable des
speculations les plus elevees sur la thermodynamique et la theorie des atonies-

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 41

tourbillons, s'attachait en merae temps aux questions pratiques de la naviga-
tion et de la telegraphic transatlantique ! II fut aussi des votres, Tillustre
Lord Lister qui, en s'inspirant des doctrines pastoriennes, a cree une methode
de pansement bouleversant la chirurgie, et s'est ainsi place parmi les bien-
faiteurs de 1'humanite. La Science est dans une perpetuelle evolution. Les
faits et les principes qui paraissent les mieux etablis restent toujours sujets a
revision. Mais, pour les reviser, il faut parfois une singuliere audace. Elle
ne vous a pas manque. Pres d'ici, des gaz nouveaux, Targon et ses conge-
neres, out ete extraits de 1'air atmospherique tant de fois analyse par les plus
illustres chimistes. (Test dans un laboratoire anglais que fut repris recem-
ment Tantique probleme de la transmutation des elements et que la trans-
formation du radium en helium a ete etablie ; ce souvenir, ou sont associees la
science anglaise et la science francaise, est particulierement cher a PUniversite
de Paris. La part aussi est considerable qui revient aux savants de votre
pays dans les vues nouvelles sur les theories electroniques de la matiere.
Depuis deux cent cinquante ans, 1'influence de la Societe Royale n'a cesse de
grandir. Ses Proceedings et ses Transactions comptent parmi les journaux
scientifiques les plus renommes et vont porter au loin le temoignage de votre
activite. Quelle gratitude tous les savants ne doivent-ils pas a la Societe
Royale pour son Catalogue of Scientific Papers pendant le xixe siecle,
entreprise immense, devenue internationale pour le siecle actuel, mais dont
vous avez conserve la haute direction. C'est encore a votre initiative qu'est
due la creation de P Association internationale des Academies ; grace a vous,
le projet, digne du chancelier Bacon, d'une Academic Universelle ouverte a
toutes les nations est devenu une realite. Vous vous etes toujours preoccupes
du role social que doivent jouer les Societes savantes. II n'est pas en Angle-
terre une grande entreprise, ayant un caractere scientifique, sur laquelle vous
n'ayez ete consultes, ou dont vous n'ayez suggere la creation. Qu'il nous
suffise de rappeler, pour des temps recents, le Laboratoire national de Phy-
sique, du a Tinitiative de votre Conseil, et qui reste place sous son controle
direct. Un passe si brillant repond de Tavenir de la Societe Royale. L'Uni-
versite de Paris lui apporte cordialement ses felicitations pour tant d'oeuvres
accomplies. Puissent toujours ses membres, rassembles pour Pavancement de
la connaissance de la nature, suivant les termes de votre Charte deux fois et
demie seculaire, continuer a travailler pour le progres des sciences et la gloire
de TAngleterre.

Paris, k 16juillet 1912.

Le Vice-Recteur, President du Conseil de FUniversite de Paris,

L. LIARD.

Le Professeur deltgue de TUniversite de Paris, EM. PICARD.

42 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

MESSIEURS ET CHERS CONFRERES, — Parmi les vceux que vous recevez de tous
cotes, a Toccasion de la celebration de votre deux cent cinquantieme Anniver-
saire, vous distinguerez, nous en sommes assures, ceux que 1' ACADEMIE DBS
SCIENCES DE PARIS nous a charges de vous presenter en son nom. Vous
connaissez de longue date les sentiments qui nous animent, Taffection que
nous vous portons, 1'admiration profonde que nous eprouvons pour vos
travaux. Ces sentiments remontent a nos premieres origines. Notre Aca-
demic et votre illustre Societe ont eu des destinees a peu pres pareilles. L'une
et Tautre ont ete etablies par les amis de la science, longtemps avant d'etre
reconnues par le gouvernement de leur pays. Des le debut du xvne siecle,
nos savants de Paris avaient pris 1'habitude de se reunir periodiquement, pour
se proposer des problemes de mathematiques, pour faire des experiences, pour
discuter les grandes questions scientifiques que susciterent les decouvertes
de Kepler et de Galilee. Vers la meme epoque, vos philosophes, vos savants,
dont plusieurs vinrent nous rendre visite, se reunissaient a Londres et a Oxford
pour s'occuper, comme les notres, d'experiences et de recherches scientifiques.
Lorsque ces assemblies qui se tenaient dans 1'un et 1'autre pays commencerent
a y etre connues, elles ne tarderent pas a recevoir 1'investiture officielle.
Charles II vous donnait votre premiere Charte en 1662. Quatre ans apres,
en 1666, notre Academie recevait la sienne des mains de Louis XIV et de
Colbert, ' ce ministre porte de lui-meme aux grands desseins ', en meme temps
qu'etait decidee la creation de TObservatoire de Paris. Nos commencements
se ressemblent a plusieurs egards. Par exemple, dans cette premiere partie
de leur carriere, nos Academies ont, Tune et 1'autre, compte parmi leurs
membres d'eminents medecins. II est vrai que les travaux de Newton n'ont
pas tarde a illuminer vos debuts d'un eclat incomparable ; notre Academie
peut revendiquer du moins 1'honneur d'avoir poursuivi et complete Tceuvre
de ce grand horn me. D'Alembert, Clairaut, Laplace, Lagrange figureront
dignement a cote des successeurs que vous avez donnes a Newton dans
Tachevement de la plus glorieuse conquete qu'ait jamais faite Tesprit humain.
Cette union feconde de nos recherches s'est maintenue jusqu'a nos jours.
Lorsque, vers la fin du xvin6 siecle, Lavoisier a jete les bases de la Chimie
moderne, ses travaux ont ete etroitement meles a ceux de Priestley et de
Cavendish. Au siecle qui vient de finir, et pour ne parler que de ceux qui ne
sont plus, la posterite reunira dans une admiration commune les noms de
quelques-uns de nos confreres, et ceux a jamais illustres d'Herschel, de
Dalton, de Faraday, de Darwin, de Lord Kelvin, de Sylvester, de Cayley,

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 43

cTAdams, de Maxwell, d'Huggins, de Lord Lister. Quelque incomplete
qu'elle puisse etre, cette enumeration montre bien que, tout en conservant
Fempreinte de Newton, tout en vous attachant a cultiver cette science
maitresse a laquelle il a donne le beau nom de philosophic naturelle, vous
n'avez neglige aucune branche du savoir humain. La methode qui vous
a guides peut etre aisement definie en quelques mots : Nullius in verba, telle
a ete la devise que la Societe royale a toujours appliquee dans les travaux que,
depuis sa fondation, Elle n'a cesse d'accomplir pour le developpement et
Taccroissement des sciences de la Nature. En repandant ainsi, en faisant
connaitre par vos propres recherches et par les directions que vous donnez,
cette methode scientifique que le Chancelier Bacon avait preconisee avec tant
de force et d'autorite, que Newton avait illustree dans ses Principia et dans
son Optique, vous avez rempli avec eclat la partie essentielle de la tache qui,
de tout temps, a ete devolue aux Societes Savantes ; mais votre action s'est
etendue plus loin encore et vous nous avez donne, sur d'autres points, des
exemples que tous doivent s'efforcer d'imiter. Rattaches a votre gouvernement
par des liens quelque peu laches, qui vous assurent une independance a peu
pres complete, vous avez tenu neanmoins a lui rendre tous les services qu'un
grand pays peut attendre d'une Societe Savante. Vous lui pretez votre
concours pour la distribution des subventions aux recherches scientifiques,
pour la direction de TObservatoire de Greenwich, du Laboratoire national
de physique, pour 1'etude des maladies tropicales qui se rencontrent dans
votre Empire, le plus vaste que le monde ait jamais connu ; vous provoquez,
vous sollicitez sa cooperation pour les expeditions maritimes et scientifiques,
pour les decouvertes geographiques, pour 1'etude des tremblements de terre,
de 1'Ocean dans ses profondeurs, et pour bien d'autres objets que nous
renoncons a enumerer. Tant de travaux, tant de preoccupations sont loin
d'epuiser votre activite; et Ton vous a toujours trouves animes d'un esprit
large et vraiment liberal, prets a susciter et a faire vivre ces associations
internationales qui sont appelees a prendre une place de plus en plus bienfai-
sante dans le developpement et dans la vie de Fhumanite. Naguere, vous
cooperiez avec nous a la creation de TAssociation Internationale des Academies ;
vous avez voulu diriger vous-memes une des entreprises les plus difficiles qui
aient jamais ete tentees : nous voulons parler du Catalogue international de
litterature scientifique^ qui a ete deja, et qui sera plus encore dans Tavenir,
si utile, si necessaire aux chercheurs de tous les pays. Les services que vous
avez ainsi rendus a votre pays, a la science et a Thumanite meritent le respect
et Tadmiration que vous apportent aujourd'hui tant de voix autorisees,
auxquelles nous sommes heureux de joindre les notres. Puissiez-vous prosperer
longtemps encore pour servir d'exemple a nos Societes Savantes, pour offrir
a votre pays et aux savants de toutes les nations une moisson de plus en plus
ample de ces decouvertes qui sont marquees au coin de toutes les qualites,
du genie de votre race ! tel est le voeu bien cordial et bien sincere que vous

44 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

presentent en ce jour vos confreres, permettez-nous de dire vos amis, de
T Academic des Sciences de Paris.
Le 15juilkt 1912.

GABRIEL LIPPMANN, President.

FELIX GUYON, Vice-President.

GASTON DARBOUX, Secretaire perpttuel pour les

Sciences mathematiques.

PHILIPPE VAN TIEGHEM, Secretaire perpttuel pour les

Sciences physiques.

OBSERVATORY, PARIS

LE DlEECTEUR DE L'OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS A MONSIEUR LE PRESIDENT

DE LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES. — Monsieur le President, — En nVinvitant
a assister a vos fetes, vous avez voulu honorer TObservatoire de Paris, dont
trois directeurs, J.-D. Cassini, Arago, Le Verrier, ont ete associes etrangers
de la Societe Royale. Parmi les grands noms qui, dans tous les ordres des
sciences, ont illustre votre Societe, ceux des astronomes, avec Bradley, Newton,
Herschel et tant d'autres, brillent aux tout premiers rangs. L'Observatoire
de Paris est heureux de leur rendre hommage, et d'exprimer a la Societe
Royale, avec ses remerciments pour Thonneur qui lui est fait, sa profonde
admiration.

B. BAILLAUD, Directeur de rObservatoire de Paris.

FRENCH SOCIETY OF PHYSICS, PARIS

LA SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE PHYSIQUE A LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES
a 1'occasion du deux cent cinquantieme anniversaire de sa fondation. — A
MONSIEUR LE PRESIDENT DE LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES. — Monsieur le
President, — La Societe Francaise de Physique vous exprime ses bien vives
felicitations a 1'occasion de la celebration du deux cent cinquantieme anniver-
saire de la fondation de la Societe Royale de Londres. Ces deux siecles et
demi de fecond labeur, que nous celebrons aujourd'hui, ont magnifiquement
accru, par leurs riches moissons de decouvertes, le patrimoine universel de
la Verite et de la Science. Votre illustre Compagnie a eu Fheureuse pensee
de convier les Societes savantes etrangeres a cette solennelle commemoration
de tant de souvenirs glorieux. La Societe Francaise de Physique est heureuse
de repondre a votre cordiale invitation, dont elle sent tout le prix, et de venir
apporter a la Societe Royale de Londres son tribut d'hommages et de
respectueuse admiration.

Paris, 1912.

B. BAILLAUD, President.

CH.-ED. GUILLAUME, Vice-president.
HENRI ABRAHAM, Secretaire general.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 45

BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF FRANCE, PARIS

A LA ROYAL SOCIETY, LONDRES. — LA SOCIETE BOTANIQUE DE FRANCE
est heureuse d'exprimer a la Royal Society ses plus chaleureuses felicitations
a 1'occasion de son 250&me Anniversaire et elle est particulierement flattee
et reconnaissante d'avoir ete invitee a prendre part aux Ceremonies Jubilaires.
Pleine d'admiration pour 1'oeuvre scientifique de la Savante Societe Anglaise
Elle forme le vceu que 1'avenir lui reserve une riche moisson d'importants
travaux et de glorieux lauriers.

Le President de la Societe Botanique de France, R. ZEILLER.
15 JuiOet 1912.

UNIVERSITY OF BORDEAUX

UXIVERSITATIS Bl'RDIGALEXSIS CoNSILIUM SoCIETATI RfiGALI LoNDINENSI

PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI PROMOVENDA SALUTEM. — Per vos, Viri doctissimi et
illustrissimi, liceat nobis — quod iam non semel fecimus — declarare quanta
iamdudum admiratione opera prosequamur sodalium vestrorum qui tantopere
ad promovendam scientiam contulerunt et conferunt. Rogamus iidem benigne
vota nostra accipiatis optantium ut in posterum non minoribus beneficiis
humanitatem donetis, ideoque in aeternum crescat et augeatur decus clarissi-
mae vestrae Societatis.

Datum Burdigalae, die X mensis lulii MCMXII in nomine Universitatis
Consilii.

A. PITRES, delegatus.

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF BORDEAUX

L'ACADEMIE NATIONALS DES SCIENCES, BELLES-LETTRES ET ARTS DE BORDEAUX

adresse a la Societe Royale de Londres a 1'occasion du 250e anniversaire de
sa fondation son salut confraternel et son vceu cordial de prosperite.
Londres et Bordeaux sont unis, depuis pres de deux mille ans, par des liens
qu'ont noues des interets economiques communs, qu'ont resserres des affinites
naturelles et des sympathies inalterables. Des Tepoque romaine Bordeaux
fut le point de depart de la voie qui mene de France en Grande-Bretagne et
dont Londres est le point d'arrivee. Au Moyen Age, pendant trois siecles,
les deux cites eurent des destinees semblables. Le meme roi d'Angleterre, due
d'Aquitaine, qui signa la Grande Charte, donna aux Bordelais ces franchises
communales dont ils gardent pieusement la tradition. La prosperite com-
merciale, nee des echanges entre Londres et Bordeaux, a pour jamais garanti
a notre ville son prestige de metropole du Sud-Ouest de la France. Get

46 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

amour des libertes municipales et cette solidarite economique sont les deux
traits caracteristiques de 1'histoire de Bordeaux. Au xviii6 siecle un nouveau
lien, d'une autre nature, fut noue. Cinquante ans apres Londres, Bordeaux
voulut avoir sa Societe royale, vouee, elle aussi, a Tetude et au progres des
sciences de la nature. Des relations tres nobles, dont nos registres conservent
la trace, s'etablirent entre la jeune Academie bordelaise et son eminente soeur
ainee. L'honneur en revient au membre le plus illustre de notre Compagnie,
a rimmortel penseur qui revela a la France la beaute de la constitution
anglaise, au grand Montesquieu. A la veille de celebrer le deuxieme
centenaire de sa fondation, 1'Academie de Bordeaux est fiere de rappeler
ces souvenirs. Puissent-ils resserrer, d'une fa£on plus etroite encore, les liens
seculaires de nos deux cites, affermir la cordiale entente de nos deux nations,
gage de la paix du monde !

Bordeaux, 8 Juillet 1912.

Le President de T* Academie nationale des Sciences,
Belles-Lettres et Arts de Bordeaux, PAUL COURTEAULT.

UNIVERSITY OF CLERMONT-FERRAND

PRAESIDI CONCILIO ET SODALIBUS AMPLISSIMAE SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONBINI
CONSISTENTIS UNIVERSITY CLAROMONTENsis S. P. D. — Accepimus, Viri Doctis-
simi et Illustrissimi, gratoque legimus animo litteras quibus nos certiores
facitis vos natalem vestrum hoc ipso mense lulio celebraturos esse ; vobisque
hosce ducentos quinquaginta peractos feliciter annos libentissime gratulamur.
Nemo est enim, inter eos qui scientiae Naturali promovendae student, qui
nesciat quantum per illud grande temporis spatium in rerum natura inqui-
renda, scrutanda, investiganda profeceritis, quantoque doctrinae emolurnento
per vos aucti fuerint homines. Unum igitur e nostro numero, uti amicissime
rogavistis, PROFESSOREM AUGUSTUM PELLET, delegavimus, qui vobiscum Socie-
tatem vestram fundatam concelebret, nostraeque erga vos benivolentiae testis
locuples festis diebus proximis intersit.

Ddbamus Claromonte, Kal. luliis a. MDCCCCXII.

A. COVILLE, Rector, Concilii Universitatis Praeses.

UNIVERSITY OF NANCY

UNIVERSITE DE NANCY. — MONSIEUR LE PRESIDENT, — Un navire, a pleines
voiles, franchissant la barriere des deux colonnes d'Hercule, dont Tantiquite
avait dit qu'on n'irait pas plus loin ; au-dessous, cette inscription, empruntee
a la Bible, Multi pertransibunt et augebitur Scientia, ' Beaucoup passeront, et

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 47

le domaine de la Science sera augmented: telle est Timage et telle est la devise
gravees au-devant du Novum Organum de Francis Bacon. Prophetiques
paroles, qui devaient trouver leur pleine realisation dans 1'ceuvre accomplie
par cette fille posthume de son genie, la Societe Royale de Londres. Depuis
deux siecles et demi, en effet, combien de savants ont passe, qui, apres avoir
explore toutes les parties du vaste monde scientifique, ont rapporte de leurs
voyages, com me un eloquent livre de bord, ces deux cent onze volumes de
vos Philosophical Transactions! Et quelle gloire pour eux d'avoir, sous les
plis du pavilion britannique, combattu le bon combat pour cet imperialisme
de la Science, le plus grand et le plus beau de tous, le seul qui n'enregistre
que des victoires, et dont beneficient tous les peuples ! Au dix-septieme
siecle deja, un de nos esprits les plus curieux, qui sous un air frivole cachait
le gout des choses serieuses, un Francais enfin, en etait emerveille, et s'inter-
rompait dans une de ses Fables pour jeter cette reflexion :

. . . Les Anglais pensent profondement.
Creusant dans les sujets, et forts d'experiences,
Us etendent partout Tempire des sciences.

Cet hommage que vous rendait ingenument notre La Fontaine, toute la
France savante vous 1'apporte aujourd'hui : non seulement Paris, la capitale,
mais aussi les diverses regions francaises, et la notre en particulier : je veux
dire la Lorraine. CTcst la France de 1'Est, sensible plus que toute autre a la
gloire scientifique, parce que, plus que toute autre, elle a appris a la connaitre
en de glorieux fils nes de son sol : au siecle dernier, les mathematiciens Ponce-
let et Hermite, Tun de Metz et Tautre du Pays messin, tous deux Lorrains, de
cette Lorraine arrachee depuis lors a notre Patrie; avant eux, Gergonne,
connu par ses Annales, et Liouville, par son Journal; apres eux, le plus haut
representant actuel des mathematiques parmi nous, un fils de Nancy meme,
Henri Poincare. (Test un grand honneur pour notre jeune Universite de
Nancy, de meler sa voix a ce magnifique concert d'eloges qui retentissent de
partout a la gloire de la Societe Royale de Londres. Par le nombre et la
valetir de vos travaux, par Illustration de vos savants, qu'en Angleterre la
faveur publique aussi bien que le pouvoir recompensent a 1'envi, puissiez-vous
toujours, comme vous avez fait jusqu'ici, poursuivre au cours des ages votre
fecond labeur, pro Dignitate et Augmentls Scientiarum, disait encore Bacon
* Pour Taccroissement ou le progres des Sciences, et aussi pour leur dignite ! '

Nancy, 14 Juillet 1912.

Le Recteur de V Universite, CH. ADAM,

Membre correspondant de Vlnstitut de France.

GERMANY

The Universities of Germany, instead of each preparing an Address, com-
bined their felicitations upon a large bronze Tablet which, at the Reception
of the Royal Society, was presented in their name by Professor Dr. Woldemar
Voigt, Rector of the University of Gcittingen. Delegates were at the same
time present from the Universities of Berlin, Bonn, Breslau, Erlangen,
Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Giessen, Gottingen, Greifsvvald, Halle, Heidelberg,
Konigsberg, Leipzig, Marburg, Munich, Munster, Rostock, Strassburg, and
Tubingen. The Tablet, which is shown in the accompanying illustration,
now hangs on the wall of the Entrance-hall of the Society's apartments in
Burlington House.

NlCAh
VSTRI

CVLTRIC1ET ,

*» XLANNOS
FELICITERPERACTOS
PIE CONGRATVLANTVR
NIVERSITATES GERMANIAE

A-D-MDCCCCXI!

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 49

ROYAL SOCIETY OF SCIENCES OF GOTTINGEN

REGIAE SOCIETATI SCIENTIARITM LONDINENSI quinquaginta lustrorum memo-
riam feliciter agenti tantam praeteritorum temporum gloriam praesentium-
que felicitatem congratulantes futurorum saeculorum pares auguramur even-
tus. Nam quo die Societas a Roberto Boylio constituta Regiae nomen
accepit, nova lux ingenii humani studiis affulsit, cum semina renatarum
litterarum temporibus iacta in agro Baconis Verulamensis opera praeparato
altas radices egissent et ad insperatam fructuum adcrescerent ubertatem.
Satis est reminisci primitias fere Societatis magnum Newtonem protulisse.
Sed post Newtonis tempora dici vix potest quot quantarumque rerum indaga-
tio Societati Regiae debeatur. Neque enim attinet commemorare Observa-
torii Greenwichensis vel Laboratorii Institutionis Regiae merita, vel expedi-
tionum Cookii, Rossii, aliorumque immortalem memoriam, vel summorum
virorum nomina suscitare, quorum cum suam quisque aetatem ampliore
scientiae lumine auxerit, coniuncti omnes acta Regiae Societatis inlustraverunt
labore famaque. Quorum potissimum opera factum, sed et popularium
prudenti liberalitate, ut inter Academias naturae scientiae deditas non aetate
tantum et vetere gloria, verum virtute et factis aut cum primis aut prima
numeretur ac robore vere iuvenali gaudens futuri quoque temporis palmas
victrices affectet. Qua laude fulta Regia Societas ut semper quae communi
scientiarum utilitati inservirent sua auctoritate promovit, hac nostra aetate
Academias totius orbis coniuncti laboris vinculis colligandi grande consilium
cepit et executa est. Quod non sine nostra opera factum esse libenter
recordamur atque in posterum quoque longam studiorum communionem feli-
citer duraturam esse speramus.

REGIA SOCIETAS LITTERARUM GOTTINGENSIS.

Datum Gottingae, die XV mensis lunii a. MCMXII.

ROYAL PRUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BERLIN

DER ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON ENTBIETET ZUR FEIER IHRES SSOJAHRIGEN
BESTEHENS DIE KONIGLICH PREUSSISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN zu
BERLIN HERZLICHEN GLUCKWUNSCH UNO SCHWESTERLICHEN GRUSS. — Wenn auch
einige andere wissenschaftliche Gesellschaften auf ein ebenso ehrwiirdiges
Alter zuriickblicken konnen, so darf sich doch die Royal Society riihmen, in
dem Vierteljahrtausend ihres Bestehens auf dem von ihr gepflegten Gebiet
der Naturwissenschaften mehr geleistet und auf die Entwickelung dieser
Wissenszweige einen grosseren Einfluss ausgeiibt zu haben als irgendeine der
gelehrten Korporationen aller Kulturvolker. Die Jubilarin ist nicht, wie
viele ihrer Schwestern, aus kleinen Anfangen zu ihrer heutigen Grosse und
Bedeutung hervorgewachsen. Vollendet, wie Minerva dem Haupte Jupiters
entstieg, tritt sie uns gleich nach ihrer Begriindung als eine stolze Genossen-

50 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

schaft von Forschern ersten Ranges entgegen. In der Liste der Mitglieder,
welche die Begeisterung fur die Wissenschaft und die Freude an der neuen
Experimentierkunst im Jahre 1662 zu gemeinsamer Arbeit in den Raumen
des Gresham College vereinigte, lesen wir mit Ehrfurcht die Namen von
Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle und anderen, deren Entdeckungen heute die
Grundlage weitverzweigter Wissensgebiete bilden. Aber der Glanz dieser
Namen wird iiberstrahlt von der leuchtenden Ruhmessonne Isaak Newtons,
des grb'ssten Physikers aller Zeiten und grossten Denkers auf dem Gebiet der
Astronomie, wie ihn Helmholtz genannt hat. Mehr als die Begriinder selbst
hat dieser gottbegnadete Meister, der wenige Jahre spater der Gesellschaft
als Mitglied beitrat und wahrend eines Zeitraums von 24 Jahren ihr Prasi-

dent war, der Royal Society den Stempel seiner Personlichkeit aufgepragt.
Es darf der Jubilarin das hohe Lob gespendet werden, dass sie stets von dem
Geiste der grossen Manner beseelt war, die an ihrer Wiege gestanden haben
und zu denen sich im Laufe der Jahrhunderte eine unabsehbare Reihe
hervorragender Forscher auf alien Gebieten der Naturwissenschaften hinzuge-
sellt hat. Frei in ihren Institutionen, ist sie durch alle Zeiten eine Pflegstatte
der reinen, von Vorurteilen unbeirrten Forschung geblieben, eine fur geistige
Freiheit kampfende Genossenschaft, die ihre hohe Devise : * Nullius in verba '
mit berechtigtem Stolze fiihrt. Moge sie in diesen edeln Traditionen fort-
leben, moge es ihr vergonnt sein, auch in kiinftigen Zeiten eine so grosse Zahl
hervorragender Manner und fiihrender Geister in ihrer Mitte zu vereinigen,
und moge sie, den alten Ruhmesblattern stets neue hinzufiigend, auch ferner-
hin die Wissenschaft mit neuer und immer reicherer Erkenntnis beschenken,
zur Ehre ihres grossen Vaterlandes und zum Segen der ganzen Menschheit !
DIE KO'NIGLICH PEEUSSISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN.

ROETHE. DIELS. WALDEYER. PLANCK.

ROYAL BAVARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, MUNICH

DER KONIGLICHEN GESELLSCHAFT zu LONDON, gegriindet zu einer Zeit, in
welcher nur im Geburtslande der neueren Kultur und auch hier nur als eine
ephemere Schbpfung furstlicher Gunst (der besonders von Schiilern Galileis
gebildete 'Cimento' in Florenz) eine Akademie zur Pflege der exakten
Wissenschaften entstand, und seitdem durch ihre Tatigkeit ununterbrochen
einen eminenten Einfluss auf die Fortschritte in der Erforschung der Natur
ausiibend, sendet hiemit zu ihrem 250jahrigen Wiegenfeste eine urn 100
Jahre jiingere Schwester, die KO'NIGLICH BAYERISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSEN-
SCHAFTEN zu MUNCHEN, ihre aufrichtigsten Gluckwiinsche.

Munchen^ im Juli 1912.

DR. VON HEIG.EL, Prdsident.

DR. v. GOEBEL, Sekretar der maihematisch-pliysikalisclien Klasse.

NATURAL SCIENCE UNION, HAMBURG

DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE VEREIN IN HAMBURG dankt der Royal Society
in London bestens fur die Einladung zum zweihundertflinfzigsten Stiftungs-
feste und sendet ihr in freudigster Anerkennung ihrer hohen Verdienste urn
unsere Wissenschaft die herzlichsten Gluckwiinsche. Moge sie weiter wachsen,
bliihen und gedeihen als leuchtendes Beispiel fur alle Volker und alle Zeiten.

PROF. DR. G. GURICH, /. Vorsitzender.

ITALY

UNIVERSITY OF ROME

UNIVERSITAS STUDIORUM ROMANA libentissimo animo se sociam ceteris
omnibus optimarum artiurn institutis, quotquot in orbe terrarum sunt, addit,
ut una cum iis Societati Regali Londinensi, quae per CCL ex quo condita
est annos (grande et gloriae plenum aevi spatium) liberales disciplinas summo
opere promoverit atque propagaverit, maximam admirationem gratumque
animum profiteatur. Nam ista Societas postquam a Bacone illo \rerulamiensi
animo est concepta, quo tempore disciplinae omnes miro quodam virorum
doctorum studio renovabantur atque ut ille apud Britannos, ita in Academiis
Linceorum et Experimenti nostrates, Galileius eiusque discipuli, rerum
natura qua ratione esset pervestiganda docebant, exemplo praemonstrabant,
ab incunabulis suis usque ad hoc tempus in optimis artibus colendis promo-
vendisque nunquam viam ceteris munire destitit ; quidquid autem eius
auspiciis aut inventum aut investigatum est, id omnibus est hominibus
patefactum celeberrimis editis actis quibus nomen est Philosophical Trans-
actions^ quo exemplo usi sunt ceteri ad sua quoque inventa in lucem pro-
ferenda. Magnum Newtonii nomen est cum Societate Regali Londinensi
tarn arte coniunctum, ut nemo possit de illius optimis inventis cogitare quin
statim in Societatis memoriam redeat, cui ille usque ad extremum vitae
diem praefuerit. Universitas Studiorum Romana vota pro Societate Regali
Londinensi nuncupat precaturque ut prospera semper utatur fortuna atque
summa ut nunc in perpetuum floreat gloria. Delegatus est qui personam
Universitatis Regiae Romanae gerat V. VOLTERRA, Eques torquatus, physicae
mathematicae Professor ordinarius, inter Senatores Italici regni adlectus,
Facultatis scientiarum Praeses.

Rornae, Die I mensis Inlii MCMXII.

ALBERT US TONELLI, Rector Romanae Universitatis
E 2

52 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA

REGALI SOCIETATI rebus naturalibus cognoscendis Londini ante annos prope
CCL institutae nunc feriis indictis natalem suum celebrant! Universitas
litterarum et artium Bononiensis fausta omnia, proinde ac merita est, spe
bona certaque precatur.

Namque alid ex alio clarescet, nee tibi caeca
nox iter eripiet quin ultima natural
pervideas : ita res accendent lumina rebus.

Bonon iae, VIII Kal lul a. MCMXII.

LEO PESCI, Rector Unvversitatis.

UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO

RECTOR SENATUS PROFESSORES ATHENAEI PANHORMITANI PRAESIDI CONCILIO
SODALIBUS REGIAE SOCIETATIS LONDINENSIS S. D.— Qua estis humanitate, annum
quinquagesimum et ducentesimum concelebraturi, ex quo Carolus II regio
rescripto Societatem vestram constituit, unum e nostro numero vobiscum
Londini esse concupivistis. Quod maxima nos voluptate adfecit. Vetus
enim amor coniunctioque inter Italos Britannosque est manetque nobis, ut
Vergiliano illo versu utamur, alta mente repostum quanto studio Britanni
Italiae renascentis exordia prosecuti sint. Cuius amoris vinculo quo Itali et
Britanni coniunguntur, alterum additum est, quo praesertim Athenaeum
nostrum Societati vestrae adhaeret, ex quo Stanislaum Cannizzarum qui. in
hac urbe natus, in Athenaeo nostro decem circiter annos adolescentes docuit
atque erudivit antequam Romam se contulit, in amplissimum Collegium
vestrum cooptandum et Copleiano nummo ornandum censuistis : cui honori
vix ullus anteponendus videtur, cum Societas vestra de tot ingeniis mirifice
excellentibus glorietur et, si quis ab ultimo fere initio rem repetere velit, de
Newtono illo, sodali vestro et praeside, tarn magni animi viro, ut, Galilaei
nostri ardorem aemulatus, animo morituro caeli claustra perruperit polumque
rotundum percurrerit. Ergo ex nostro numero libentissime clarissimum
sodalem nostrum IOHANNEM BAPTISTAM GUCCIAM misimus qui votorum no-
strorum interpres et nuntius his diebus vobiscum bona omnia vobis
Societatique vestrae precaretur. Valete.

Datum Panhormi, Id. lun. A. MDCCCCXIL

FED. RAFFAELE, Rector.

V. USSANI, Ab Epistulis Latinis.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 53

ROYAL ACADEMY OF THE LINCEI, ROME

REGIA LYNCEORUM ACADEMIA CLARISSIMO PRAESIDI CONCILIO ATQUE REGIAE
SOCIETATIS LONDINENSIS SoDALisus Salutem. — Longo iam temporis spatio
luxuriosae ac munificae suae vitae ista praeclara Regia Societas homines clari-
tate praestantes, quorum magnos gerit spiritus genus humanum, domum suam
recepit. His diebus festis ad memoriam servandam atque colendam indictis
veteris et praeclarae Societatis, quae, anno MDCLXII, Rege Carolo II
auspice, orta est, Societates omnes, quibus maxime sunt cordi humanae
scientiae progressus, bona omnia mittunt. Regia Lynceorum Academia,
me auctore, summam suam animi voluptatem significat et diei Regiae Lon-
dinensis Societatis natalis particeps est.

Romae, Mense Iidio MCMXII.

PETRUS BLASERNA, Praeses.

MONACO

OCEANOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE

L'INSTITUT OCEANOGRAPHIQTJE fonde par le Prince de Monaco s'associe aux
temoignages de respect que bien des corps scientifiques adressent aujourd'hui
a leur doyenne en songeant avec reconnaissance aux efforts qu'elle fit avant
tout autre pour agrandir le domaine de 1'esprit. Les savants groupes autour
du Prince apportent leurs felicitations pour ce 250me anniversaire avec un
empressement d'autant plus cordial que les savants anglais sont les premiers
qui aient compris Timportance du role devolu a 1'Oceanographie dans le
progres des connaissances humaines. Cette circonstance est favorable pour
reconnaitre la haute influence que la Societe Royale de Londres a su exercer
sur le developpement scientifique de TAngleterre en faisant naitre parmi les
esprits cultives la puissance de Initiative. (Test ainsi que les grandes
expeditions scientifiques cogues par les savants de TAngleterre ont ete presque
toujours rendues effectives par le concours des particuliers. Souvent TEtat
a joint sa contribution en hommes et en nature aux grandes entreprises telles
que la croisiere du Challenger ; puisse-t-il intervenir plus largement encore
pour la solution des problemes scientifiques dont la recherche etablit mieux
que toute autre manifestation d'energie le prestige moral d'une nation. Un
Etat qui favorise la culture de 1'esprit sans entraver le libre essor des opinions
fait honneur au pays dont il est une emanation. D'ailleurs la Grande
Bretagne qui a montre comment un peuple edifie sa puissance, son prestige et
sa prosperite en respectant ce qu'il y a de noble et d'emouvant dans ses
traditions, la Grande Bretagne possede deja, avec la longue existence de votre
Societe Royale, la tradition scientifique. Aussi une elite intellectuelle vient

54 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

aujourcThui saluer le genie du Peuple Britannique dans une de ses plus belles
fructifications. Les hommes de science ne revendiquent pas un privilege
exclusif dans revolution de la mentalite humaine : de grands cerveaux ont
cultive les elements de celle-ci lorsque la science n'existait pas encore, raais
quand, deja, la recherche de la verite en toute chose lui preparait les voies.
C'est pourquoi nous voulons glorifier la memoire des hommes qui se sont
illustres dans les diverses branches de Tactivite intellectuelle, qui ont repandu
sur la Grande Bretagne les premiers bienfaits de la civilisation moderne,
et dont la renommee se confond avec celle de la Societe Royale.

ALBERT, PCE DE MONACO.

NETHERLANDS

UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM

SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI, CONCILIO, SODALIBUS, VIRIS AMPLISSIMIS,
RECTOR ET SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS AMSTELODAMENSIS, S. P. D. — Societas
Regalis illustrissima per CCL annos vim illam scientiae insitam in usum
generis humani promovit. Quam ob rem magno et sincero gaudio affecti cum
per legatum nostrum C. WINKLER, virum clarissimum, ad Vos missum, turn
per hanc epistulam sollemnem, quantum Vestrae laetitiae simus participes,
libenter profitemur. Quid scientia sodalibus Vestris, summis illis viris, quid
verbis et factis Societatis Vestrae non minus Patria Vestra quam mundus
debeat universus, grato animo recordamur. Utinam labores et studia, quae
ad hunc diem in promovendas artes impendere voluistis, ad lucem veritatis
diffundendam et vim scientiae augendam aptissima, per futura quoque
tempora splendeant semper clarissimeque conspiciantur.

Dabamus Amstelodami, die XI mensis lulii A. D. MCMXII.

DR. C. WINKLER, Rectore Magnifico.
J. D. v. d. WAALS, Jr., Senatus Actuario,

UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN

SOCIETATI REGALI PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI PROMOVENDA LONDINII CONDITAE
SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS GRONINGANAE S. P. D. Q. B. F. F. F. Q. S. — Si bene
et sapienter a maioribus nostris institutum est, ut singuli homines quotannis
diem suum natalem celebrent, quo vitam ante actam paulisper saltern respicere
possint, non minus prudenter eadem consuetude diei natalis celebrandi etiam
ad universitates translata esse videtur. Quapropter, viri illustrissimi, magno-
pere gaudemus, quod vos urbem celeberrimam negotiosissimam frequentissimam

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 55

incolentes, hunc diem festum, quo ducentis quinquaginta annis ante Societas
vestra a Carolo Secundo, rege augustissimo, constituta est, silentio praeterire
noluistis. lam vobiscum longum illud tempus memoria recolentes laetamur,
quod Societas vestra tamdiu floruit viguitque, gratulamur autem, quod
numerus Sodalium semper augetur neque eorum studium et diligentia umquam
remissa est, denique vehementer speramus fore ut Societatis vestrae gloria et
felicitas etiam in posterum firmentur. Petentibus vobis, ut unus e coetu
nostro ad vos delegaretur, qui vobiscum dies festos concelebraret, Senatus
Universitatis Groninganae decrevit ut ipse Rector, v. cl. GERARDUS CORNELIUS
NIJHOFF, ad vos legatus mitteretur. Nos autem eiusdem Senatus decreto
sollemni obsecuti hanc gratulationem et haec vota sincera ad vos misimus.

Groningae, Kalendis luliis MCMXII.

G. C. NIJHOFF, Senatus Univ. Gron. Rector.
J. H. KERN, Senatus Univ. Gron. Ab actis.

UNIVERSITY OF LEYDEN

SOCIETATI REGIAE LONDINENSI FELICITER PERACTUM QUINQUAGESIMUM LUSTRUM

GRATULANTUR UNIVERSITATIS LuGDUNO-BATAVAE RECTOR ET SENATUS. Laetissi-

mas iam iam celebraturis ferias ex animi sententia Vobis gratulamur, utpote
qui Vobiscum gaudeamus longum et memorabile respicientes tempus a Vestra
peractum Societate, nee minus decus illud vigoremque contemplantes quo
nunc splendet ilia nitetque. Quod dum facimus, simul mente pia illorum
virorum recolimus memoriam, qui pauci numero — atque in ea re Vestra patria
fere ceteris omnibus regionibus monstravit viam — coierunt ut naturae dete-
gerent arcana et prudentibus accuratisque inquisitionibus collectam doctrinam
in omnium mortalium converterent utilitatem. Ex illo surculo, strenue
adiuvantibus viris illustribus, ipsa adiuvante Republica legibus opibusque
suis, sed praesertim Sociis Vestris praeclaras suas mentis dotes indefessamque
industriam intendentibus, sanctissima ilia succrevit arbor, quae nunc umbra
sua tegit recreatque totum campum ilium disciplinarum physicarum, qui per
totum orbem terrarum extenditur. Vestra historia, quae nobis exhibuit ilia
nunquam interituro splendentia fulgore ingenia, Newtoni, Harveii, Darwinii,
Kelvini, aliorum, eximias quasdam implet paginas libri quo universae humani-
tatis fata enarrantur celebranturque. Ilia nobis exponit ars geometrica
quomodo humanae mentis opibus subsidio venerit, caeli profunda quae sit
emensa ratio, qua sint sagacitate extremi naturae perlustrati recessus, mor-
borum avertendorum reprimendorumque quae sint inventae artes. Cumque
semper singulorum doctorum conamina prudenti sustentastis atque incitastis
admonitione, saepe, cum initum esset aliquod consilium egregium sed unius
populi superaturum vires, Vos auctores fuistis communis cuiusdam militiae

56 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

omnibus gentibus allaturae salutem et prosperitatem. Gratissimo vero animo
laetissimis hisce diebus quibus vinculis Vobiscum iuncti fuerint permulti viri
qui in nostra patria naturae legibus investigandis dederunt operam recordamur.
Vobis acceptum referre nunquam desinemus quod Leeuwenhoekius noster suas
de animalibus microscopicis disquisitiones in lucem edere communem potuit ;
Huygensium quern tamquam physicorum nostrorum principem suspicimus
colimusque, semper cum proavis Vestris de gravissimis rebus iniisse consilia
tenemus memoria. Neque nostro tempore deesse Neerlandicos doctos, atque
ipsius huius Universitatis alumnos, qui extranei socii Vobis sint adscripti
laetamur gloriamurque. Quas res pia grataque recolentes mente ex animi
sententia pro Vestrae Societatis vota facimus salute. Sint futura praeteritis
similia tempora, atque in longam annorum seriem pergat Societas Vestra cum
toti vitae humanae turn disciplinis illis augustis salutiferisque lucem ferre
subsidiumque.

Lugduni Batavorum, d. vi m. lulii MCMXII.

F. PIJPER, Rector.

B. D. EERDMANS, Actuarius.

UNIVERSITY OF UTRECHT

SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONDINENSIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS S. P. D.
SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS ULTRAIECTINAE. — Propter Societatis Vestrae dignitatem
et doctrinae celebritatem eximiam cum Rectorem Magnificum huiusce Acade-
miae ad Vos, Viri Doctissimi, legavimus, ut nostro nomine praesentes Vos
compellaret sensumque erga Vos nostrum obsequiumque declararet, turn com-
mittere non potuimus quin per has litteras diem natalicium Vestrae Societatis
ducentesimum quinquagesimum Vobis ex animo gratularemur. Quae quantum
in scientia naturali promovenda laborarit quamque uberrimis fructibus
humanum genus per lustra ilia quinquaginta bearit, cum nemo ignoret, nunc
commemorare non decet ; hoc vero et nos et omnes scientiarum amantes precari
vel maxime decet ut diem sollemnem Deus O. M. Vobis^fortunet, Societatem
Vestram usque servet incolumem florentemque atque omni bonorum abun-
dantia cumulet. Valete, Viri Illustrissimi antistites Societatis Regalis
insignissimi, Vobisque ita persuadeatis nos nihil magis optare quam ut diu
porro et nos et omnes scientiae studiosi subsidio Vestro ac luce fruamur.
Iterum valete.

Datum Traiecti ad Rhenum, Idibiis luliis A. S. MCMXII.

A. A. NIJLAND, h. t. Rector Magnificus.
C. EIJKMAN, h. t. Actuarius.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 57

ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, AMSTERDAM

THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF AMSTERDAM offers its best con-
gratulations to the Royal Society of London on the occasion of the cele-
bration of its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary. In these two hundred
and fifty years Science has reached a high degree of development, to which
the Royal Society, as one of the earliest scientific institutions, has powerfully
contributed. The Royal Academy of Sciences remembers with pleasure the
feelings of friendship which have always existed between the Royal Society
and Dutch scholars throughout the period of its existence. For ever memo-
rable, not only to the Academy, but also to the whole of the Dutch nation,
will be the encouragement which the Royal Society shortly after its founda-
tion gave to Leeuwenhoek by appointing him a Fellow of the Society in 1679,
a distinction highly valued by him, and which has undoubtedly been pro-
motive both to the production and to the spread of his inventions, which he
communicated in a correspondence with the Royal Society extending over
forty-four years. Further the Academy recalls on this occasion with great
acknowledgement, how Christian Huygens, the contemporary and corre-
spondent of Newton, Flamsteed, Boyle, Locke, with which famous men he was
personally acquainted, was one of the first foreign members of the Royal
Society. And how on Boerhaave, also a Fellow of the Royal Society, the
special honour was conferred that Cromwell Mortimer, then Secretary of the
Royal Society, dedicated the thirty-ninth volume of the Philosophical
Transactions to this scholar in 1735. The Royal Academy of Sciences
wishes the Royal Society many years of great prosperity, and expresses the
hope that the mutual feelings of friendship, which have been entertained for
two and a half centuries, may continue to exist in the future.
Amsterdam, July 1912.

P. D. CHANTEPIE DE LA SAUSSAYE, President.
P. ZEEMAN, Secretary.

DUTCH SOCIETY OF SCIENCES, HAARLEM

THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE DUTCH SOCIETY OF SCIENCES offer their
most sincere congratulations to the Royal Society on the occasion of its
250th anniversary. Few Societies can look back on an uninterrupted existence
of two and a half centuries, less on a continuous activity during so long
a time and none on a higher class of scientific work than that published
by the Royal Society. The President and Council of the Dutch Society of
Sciences can therefore frame no better wish, than that the Royal Society may
for many more centuries continue to promote knowledge and consequently
human happiness in the same admirable way as heretofore. For the Presi-
dent and Council of the Dutch Society of Sciences,

Haarlem, July 12th, 1912. LOTSY, perpetual Secretary.

58 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

BATAVIAN SOCIETY OF EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY,

ROTTERDAM

REGALI SOCIETATI SOCIETAS PHILOSOPHIAE EXPERIMENTALIS BATAVA, anno
MDCCLIX a Steven Hoogendijk Roterodami instituta, Salutem. — Ducenti
quinquaginta fere anni sunt ex quo Carolus Secundus Rex, ut artes atque
scientias, praesertim philosophica studia, quae solidis experimentis conantur
aut novam extundere philosophiam aut expolire veterem, promoveret, Socie-
tatem instituit consistentem de Praesidente Concilio et Sodalibus, quae
vocabatur et nuncupabatur Regalis Societas. Sodalium eius magna multitudo
iam dudum immortal! doctrinae et ingenii acuminis gloria in omnibus orbis
terrarum partibus floret per ea opera quae magnam partem in libris Philo-
sophical Transactions, qui dicuntur, servantur. Neque minus qui in eorum
locum successerunt optimis artibus maximaque eruditione studia philosophica
colere et famam Regalis Societatis tueri pergunt. Optimo igitur iure Socie-
tatem vestram fundatam celebratis. Societas nostra, quae isdem studiis
operam dat, vobis successum ex imo pectore gratulatur et ut in posterum
quoque Societati vestrae non modo eadem gloria frui sed etiam magis
magisque crescere detur optat et orat. Quanto studio vobiscum concele-
braremus natalem Societatis ut significaremus, hoc documentum, signatum
sigillo nostro cum voce, * Certos feret experientia fructus,' conficiendum et vobis
mittendum curavimus.

Datum Roterodami, die XIV mensis lulii MCMXIL
Nomine Societatis philosophiae experimentalis Batavae :

S. BIRNIE, Praeses.

R. H. VAN DORSTEN, Ab actis.

NORWAY

ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY, CHRISTIANIA

THE ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Greeting. A quarter of a millennium has elapsed since the foundation of the
Royal Society. Since the days of Boyle and Newton, the Royal Society has
enrolled on its list of members the names of almost all the eminent scientists
of Great Britain, and among these are recorded the illustrious names of
founders of all branches of modern science. Always alive to the vast
importance of science to the various spheres of mental life throughout the
world, the Royal Society has, in all likelihood, contributed more towards
the development and advancement of mankind than any other scientific
association. As a natural consequence of this leading position among

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 59

scientific institutions, the Royal Society has suggested the foundation of
'the International Association of Academies', and has thus enhanced the
prospect of establishing solidarity within the domains of scientific research
throughout the universe. The innumerable momentous scientific results and
the fundamental ideas this illustrious Society has given to the world merit
the admiration and gratitude of all, especially of the scientific institutions of
all countries. The Royal University of Norway therefore begs to express its
gratitude for the weighty contributions your Society has yielded to the
common work of culture, and tenders heartiest greetings and congratulations
on the occasion of your 250th anniversary, coupled with best wishes for ever
increasing prosperity.

Ckri&ania, July 4th, 1912.

BREDO MORGENSTIERNE, Rector.

CHR. AUG. ORLAND, Secretary.

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHBISTIANIA

SOCIETATI REGALI ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM CHRISTIANIENSIS S. — In natura
rerum pervestiganda per hosce ducentos quinquaginta annos Societas Regalis
fulget velut sol splendens, qui vi radiorum penetralia rerum occulta perfringit
atque modos illustrat multiplices variosque, quibus in mundo animato inani-
moque cum per orbem terrarum turn per spatium caeleste viget natura.
Magnum agmen virorum, qui in studiis eminuerunt quorumque nomina
praeclara cum Societate Regali conexa sunt, societates sororiae verecunde
grateque recordantur, quarum numero coniungi iuvenis nostra societas, quae
non minus ducentis annis post vestram instituta est, honorem sibi ducit et
magnopere gaudet, cum pie vobis salutem plurimam scribit optatque ut
Societas Regalis cursum suum tenere itaque honorem patriae augere univer-
soque generi humano prodesse pergat.

RUSSIA

IMPERIAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ST. PETERSBURG

AMPLISSIMAE SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONDINENSIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS
IMPERIALIS ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM PETROPOLITANA S. P. D. — Cum recitarentur
in concilio nostro literae vestrae humanissime nos invitantes, ut sollemni-
bus, quibus ducentesimum quinquagesimum Societatis vestrae diem natalem
celebraturi estis, per legatum nostrum adessemus, ultro subiit animos illius
temporis recordatio, quo Academia nostra, vixdum secundum aetatis annum
ingressa, per epistulam, ab ipso Isaaco Newton, immortalis viro memoriae, ad

60 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

concilium Societatis Londinensis relatam, tamquam soror sororem natu
maiorem adloquens, Societatem multis magnisque ingeniosae eruditionis
operibus iam turn nobilitatam rogabat, ut sibi faveret studiorumque suorum
primitias benivole acciperet. Eadem semper reverentia Academia Petro-
politana acerrimam fecundissimamque Societatis vestrae industriam prosecuta
est, eadem nunc observantia ei gratulatur ducentos quinquaginta annos ita ab
ea peractos, ut priorum temporum gloriam novarum laudum cumulaverit
splendore atque etiam ad recentissimos naturae rerum cognitionis progressus
quam plurimum se contulisse iure gloriari possit. Quorum meritorum magni-
tudinem vehementer admirantes et praeteritis praesentibusque futura
augurantes, enixe exoptamus ut Societas Regalis Londinensis per infinitam
saeculorum seriem vigens ac florens sincerae veri inquisitionis lumen et
columen permaneat.

Datum Petropoli, die XVI mensis Mai anni MDCCCCXII luliani.

Pro Academiae Praeside, PETRUS NIKITIN.
Secretarius perpetuus, SERGIUS DE OLDENBURG.

UNIVERSITY OF Moscow

Q. B. F. F. F. Q. S. VETUSTISSIMA RUSSICARUM UNIVERSITAS CAESAREA
MOSQUENSIS VETUSTISSIMAE BRITANNIC ARUM SOCIETATI REGALI LONDINENSI
S. D. P. — Magna sunt per annos ducentos quinquaginta Societatis Vestrae
amplissimae in litteras merita, cuius sodales fuerunt viri clarissimi et doctis-
simi, qui et mathematicas artes et de rerum natura doctrinam studiis suis
scriptisque valde adiuverunt. Nam commentarii vestri cum alii, turn ii qui
Philosophical Transactions inscribuntur, thesaurus est omnis doctrinae, quae
per multos annos collecta per multos annos posteris usui futura est. Quo
factum est ut in Societatem Vestram recipi ab omnibus viris doctis pro
maximo honore haberetur. Qui honor quod nostris quoque nonnullis pro-
fessoribus delatus, non minus id nobis gratum est, quam quod in numero
sociorum honorariorum Universitatis nostrae aliquot viros doctissimos Britannos
habemus, qui iidem Societatis Vestrae sodales sunt. Sed quoniam Societas
Vestra cum ceterarum gentium doctissimos homines sibi asciscit, turn maxime
Britannos, Universitas nostra, cum illi gratulatur, Britannorum vim ingenii
praedicat, cui omne genus humanum tarn multa inventa tantosque in omnium
rerum magnarum scientia progressus gratissimo ammo debet. Vivat crescat
floreat Societas Regalis Londinensis per innumerabilem seriem annorum.

Mosquae, D. XII lunii A. MCMXII.

Rector Universitatis Mosquensis : MATTHAEUS LUBAWSKY.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 61

UNIVERSITY OF ODESSA

REGALI SOCIETATI LOXDIXIENSI. UNIVERSITAS CAESAREA NOVOROSSICA
maxima admiratione permota Clarissimorum de litteris artibusque optime
meritorum Virorum, quorum memoriam Societas Regalis Londiniensis nunc
annum ducentesimum quinquagesimum agens celebrat, gratissimo animo
Doctissimos Illustrissimos Sodales salutat et optat cupitque, ut iis eadem via
gloriosissima pergere et litteris prosperrima fortuna colendis totum genus
humanum semper maximis beneficiis afficere liceat.

Odessa, 28 lunii 1912.

Rector: SERGIUS LEVASOFF.

UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW

INCLITAE SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONDINENSIS PRAESIDI, CONCILIO, SODALIBUS
UNIVERSITATIS CAESAREAE VARSAVIENSIS RECTOR ET SENATUS S. P. D. — Quod
ducentesimum quinquagesimum natalem illustrissimae Societatis Vestrae
sollemniter celebraturi huius laetitiae nos quoque participes esse voluistis,
pergratum nobis est. Summa enim reverentia atque admiratione immortalis
gloriae virorum doctorum recordamur, qui per hos CCL annos inter sodales
Vestros recepti vel scientiarum doctrinarumque experimentalium nova eaque
firmiora fundamenta posuerunt, vel in iis promovendis usque ad nostram
aetatem maxima diligentia optimoque eventu elaborarunt. Quis est porro
quin sciat, Societatem Vestram, certis sapienterque inventis legibus et
praeceptis fultam, omnibus scientiae naturalis partibus excolendis strenue
sagaciterque studuisse atque, quotiescunque rerum naturae investigationis
utilitas postulaverit, pro virili parte operam praebuisse, ut optimo iure
Britanniae decus haberi interque clarissima totius orbis instituta, bonarum
ai'tium studia spectantia, numerari possit. Quae omnia reputantes atque in
ipsis fundamentis et principiis, quibus labores et studia illustrissimae Societatis
Vestrae nituntur, pignus quoddam perpetui naturae cognitionis processus
incrementique perspicientes, CCL annos feliciter peractos Ei congratulamur
piisque animis exoptamus, ut insequentibus quoque saeculis eodem quo adhuc
successu pro communi generis humani gloria atque utilitate laborare pergat.
Valete, Viri doctissimi, nosque Vobis commendatos habete.

Datum Varsaviae, a. d. IV. Kalendas lunias a. MDCCCCXII.

Senatus Academici nomine :
I. TREPICIN, h. t. Rector Universitatis.
S. VECHOV, h. t. Decanus ordinis historicorum et philologorum.

P. MITROPHANOV, h. t. Decanus ordinis physlcomm et

mathematicorum.

TH. SIGEL, h. t. Decanus ordinis iurisconsultorum.
A. KOLOSOV, h. t. Decanus ordinis medicorum.

62 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

IMPERIAL SOCIETY OF NATURALISTS, Moscow

SOCIETATI REGALI (Londiniensi) SOCIETAS CAESAREA NATURAE CURIOSORUM
MOSQUENSIS S. D. P. — Omnium quae sunt in Rossia Physicorum societates
antiquissima Caesarea Societas Naturae Studiosorum, a. MDCCCV condita,
Societati Regali lustrum quinquagesimum celebranti pio lubentique gratulatur
animo, gratissima recolens memoria quantum Societas Illustrissima hoc longo
spatio ad disciplinas physicas propagandas tribuerit, quantamque ob ingentia
erga universum genus humanum merita auctoritatem apud omnes ubicumque
sunt viros doctos, scientiarum quae dicuntur exactarum cultores, optimo iure
habeat. Quis enim est qui nesciat, quam saepe Societas Vestra virorum
doctorum agmina in diversas ingentis Imperii Britannici partes sua impensa
legaverit, quibus ex legationibus praecipue eminet ilia quae Challenged ducis
nomen prae se fert, vel ilia altera quae solis discum Veneris sidere occultatum
observavit ? Summa omnino liberalitate sodales sociosque suos Societas Regali s
adsiduo adiuvabat, ita ut omnes denique oceanos omnesque orbis terrarum
partes fructiferis laboribus suis amplexa sit, cui rei Philosophical Transactions
illae, quae inde ab anno MDCLXIV eduntur, nee non Proceedings, qui iam
amplius centum annos florent, luculentissimo documento plane sunt. Crescat
ergo Illustrissima Societas, permaneat in iis rationibus, quas Oxonienses illi
Societatis Creatores secuti sunt postque hos egregii Sodales pio animo coluere
coluntque, quorum quod multi clarissimi viri nostrae Societatis Socii Honorarii
sunt, summo est nobis gaudio.

Praeses: PROF. EMER. N. UMOW.
Vice-Praeses : PROF. EMER. A. SABANEJEFF.
Secretarii : PROF. ORD. DR. E. LEYST,
V. DEINEGA.

Dedimus Mosquae, die XVI mensis lulii, a. MCMXII.

FINLAND

UNIVERSITY OF FINLAND, HELSINGFORS

SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI PROMOVENDA PRAESIDI CONSILIO
ET SODALIBUS RECTOR ET SfiNATUS L\IPERIALIS UNIVERSITATIS ALEXANDREAE
FINLANDENSIS Salutem. — In Regali Societate Vestra hodie ducentos quinqua-
ginta annos celebratura e longe diversis excultorum populorum civitatibus
permulti confluunt ab academiis, Universitatibus, doctrinae institutis legati,
ut illi verecunde gratulantes tarn decoram memoriam rite revocent et cum
Sodalibus Vestrae Societatis laetentur, quod ea ipsa usque per saecula magnam

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 63

vim suam servavit et auxit. Ac felici quidem tempore instituta est Societas
Regalis, quo tempore cognitio naturae experimentis niti et valere et latius
manare coepit, quo primo est intellectum quantum ilia ratione adhibita res
naturae obscurae et absconditae erui possint, quo innumerae his in rebus
quaestiones quasi proruperunt, quo propter methodorum et operum novitatem
in immensis camporum nondum cultorum spatiis omnis conatus magnos attulit
scientiae fructus et novas cognoscendi vias invenit. Multa et praeclara in
Regalis Societatis Annalibus servantur nomina et ex initiis illis et ex tanto
praeteriti iam temporis tenore, et quidquid magni in scientiis naturae per has
aetates profectum est, id fere omne variis modis cum operibus sive ipsius
Societatis sive Sodalibus eius reperietur coniunctum. Clarissimum autem
inter nomina ilia tamquam sidus Isaaci Newton fulget, qui quidem immortalem
adeptus honorem reperta universali corporum caelestium attractione non
solum ex una repetivit lege eorum corporum motus, quae velut summa
suoque genere absoluta in ceteris frustra scientiis expetita est, sed etiam
fundamenta posuit cogitandi rationi ad logices artem aptius accommodandae
et omnino ei intellegendi mori, qui recentiore humanitatis cultu continetur.
Regali Societate constituta magis magisque et consociati sunt inter se in
omni scientiarum genere viri docti et quae effecerunt latius fusa sunt et
dispersa semina posteritati profutura. Atque etiam si Britannos maxime
scientiae deditos voluit in unum cogere, in omni tamen orbe terrarum ei haud
modice debentur vires unitae. Ceteris enim gentibus haec Vestra Societas
luce clarius propositum est exemplum, quod ut imitarentur monitae quamvis
longo, ut par fuit, intervallo secutae sunt. Earum igitur rerum, quas multas
a Vestra Societate impulsi in scientiis viri docti gesserunt, memor eademque
ad Vos benigne invitata, gratias Vobis agit sinceras Imperialis Universitas
Alexandrea Finlandensis et Regalem Societatem hac insigni die optimis
omnibus venerabunde prosequitur. Ex decreto Senatus Universitatis Helsing-
forsiensis.

ANDERS DONNER, Rector Magnificus.

TOR CARPELAN, Secretarius.

FINNISH SOCIETY OF SCIENCES, HELSINGFORS

To THE ROYAL SOCIETY. — On the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the
Royal Society the SOCIETAS SCIEXTIARUM FENNICA begs to present its sincere
congratulations and to express its admiration and profound esteem. The
Royal Society was already one of the chief centres of science before the time
when the great author of Principia Mathematica became its president. Vast
indeed has been the growth of the knowledge which it has witnessed and,
through its own work, promoted during these two and a half centuries, from
a time when the Mosaic cosmogony held universal sway and the alchemist

64 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

was still striving after the philosopher's stone down to the days of Darwinism,
radioactivity, and the application of science in all departments of human life.
It has seen the birth of many academies, from the antipodes almost to the
polar circle, but ever maintains in their midst its position of leadership. Its
publications, beginning with the Proceedings and Philosophical Transactions,
and ending with the new International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, still
carry out to the full its object: 'to improve Natural Knowledge.1 To the
many brilliant names which have illuminated its annals, and still do so, new
ones will be added in the future ; and each time a fresh star flashes into being
in this bright constellation — one of the greatest in the firmament of science —
that admiration will steadily increase which the scientists of the whole world
feel towards your Society. We have the firm conviction that it will, during
a limitless future, continue its truly royal work. On behalf of the Societas
Scientiarum Fennica.

KNUT TALLQVIST, President.

ANDERS DONNER, Secretary.

SWEDEN

UNIVERSITY OF LUND

SOCIETATI REOALI PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI PROMOVENDA. — Societati Vestrae,
natalem celebraturae CCL annorum, ob egregia in scientiis merita grata
memorique admiratione imbuta gratulatur Universitas Carolina Lundensis.
Ut in saeculis iam peractis socii Vestri egregii, quales fuerunt Isaacus Newton
et Carolus Darwin, summa ingenii sagacitate excellentes naturam rerum
indagarunt, haud secus in futura quoque saecula confidenter optamus ut Vestri
recipiantur sodales, qui novis ingenii inventis condiciones sublevaturi humanas,
nova gloria patriam Vestram inclutam sint afFecturi Societatemque Regalem
celeberrimam.

Datum Lundae, d. XIV m. lunii a. MCMXII.

AXEL KOCK, Rector.

UNIVERSITY OF STOCKHOLM

To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. — With the deepest feelings of venera-
tion and thankfulness the UNIVERSITY OF STOCKHOLM takes part in the
solemn commemorating of the foundation, a quarter of a millennium ago,
of the Royal Society of London. The long and glorious history of this
distinguished Society is the history of a great number of the most prominent
pathfinders and heroes of science. It is also with the fullest appreciation
of the great and important influence exerted by the Royal Society upon

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 65

'the development of human knowledge that we beg on this occasion to submit
our most respectful and hearty congratulations to the first scientific institution
in the land of Newton and Darwin.

Stockholm, July, 1912. STOCKHOLMS HOGSKOLA through

GERARD DE GEER, Prorector.

UNIVERSITY OF UPSALA

Q. B. F. F. Q. S. UNIVERSITAS REGIA UPSALIENSIS SOCIETATI REGALI
LONDINIENSI Salutem plurimam dicit. — Vobis perhumaniter invitantibus, ut
diem ilium fortunatum vobiscum celebraremus, quo abhinc CCL annos
Societas vestra illustrissima rescripto regio constituta est, non mediocri cum
gaudio obsecuti e nostro numero legavimus sodalem, qui in coetu vestro
ornatissimo grates, gratulationes, vota Universitatis Upsaliensis perferret.
Nam quod Societas vestra illustrissima magnum sane ac praeclarum sibi
proposuit, ut scientiam promo veret, id Universitates quoque pariter omnes
spectant et sequuntur, quamquam illis quidem tot tamque diversa sunt
munera sustinenda, ut baud semper tantum quantum optandum est in
scientia novis inventis augenda atque amplificanda elaborare valeant. Nihilo
tamen minus operae Universitatum atque industriae plurimi in optima quaque
arte excolenda debentur progressus ; cuius rei Universitas nostra iusta fiducia
memor eo vobis libentius ac sincerius ex animi sententia congratulatur, quod
Societas vestra illustrissima tarn egregie de omni humanitatis artiumque
liberalium cultura promerita est quodque tot tantosque viros, in suo quemque
genere praestantissimos, sodalium in numero habuit. Accedit, quo magis
etiam vobiscum gaudeamus, suavis memoria recordantium, praesidem ipsum
illustrissimum Societatis vestrae a nobis olim doctorem honorarium creatum
esse, unde maior etiam spes nobis certiorque fides suggeritur, amicitiam illam,
quasi dato pignore, permansuram, quae ut in posterum magis magisque
firmetur et corroboretur, valde nobis cordi erit. Magna spe tenemur, vos
in posterum quoque eadem, qua antea, ac maiore etiam fortuna usos multa
alia sollemnia saecularia cumulata gloria acturos. Valete nobisque favete.

Dabamus Upsaliae, mense Maw MCMXIL

Nomine Universitatis Upsaliensis:

HENRIK SCHUCK.

ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, STOCKHOLM

To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDOX. — It is with great and sincere pleasure
that the ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES has received an invitation from
your world-renowned Society to take part in the commemoration festival of
the 250th anniversary of the Society's foundation, to be held in London on

66 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

the 16th of July and the two following days ; and the Swedish Academy has
thought fit to let itself be represented on this great occasion by its Vice-
President. Your venerable Society, which in the course of time has united
with itself the greatest scientific names in the history of the world, can with
legitimate pride look back upon a magnificent work in the service of science
and for the benefit of mankind. The Royal Swedish Academy therefore feels
impelled to convey their warmest felicitations, and at the same time to express
the conviction that your renowned Society will continue henceforth, as in the
past, to carry the standard of science high.

Stockholm, 20th June, 1912.

For the Royal Swedish Academy of Science :

H. G. SODERBAUM, President.
HJALMAR THEEL, v. Secretary.

SWITZERLAND

UNIVERSITY OF BERNE

UNIVERSITATIS LITTERARUM BERNENSIS RECTOR ET SENATUS SOCIETATIS REGIAE
LONDINIENSIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS S. D. P. — Postquam Societas
Regia illustrissima abhinc annos CCL Regis Caroli Secundi regio rescripto
constituta inter tot societates academias universitates vetustissimas et illus-
trissimas nostram quoque Almam Matrem in partem diei natalis ducentesimi
quinquagesimi celebrandi vocavit, libenti gratoque animo collegam nostrum
THEOPHILUM STUDER, Medicinae et Philosophiae doctorem, Zoologiae et
Anatomiae comparatae professorem publicum ordinarium, allegavimus, qui
vobis gratias ageret quam maximas gratulationisque nostrae interpres esset
disertissimus. Nostro igitur nomine gratuletur vobis ex animi sententia,
quod Societatis vestrae sodales inde a primis annis superstitione vulgari
impugnata mentis ingenii oculorum testimonio invocato praeter ceteros illorum
temporum viros doctos victoriam triumphumque communis qui dicitur sensus
effecerunt atque caligine, quae hominum ingeniis offusa erat, discussa totius
generis humani cultui atque saluti fortiter et strenue inserviverunt. Non
est quod singula omnium sodalium Societatis vestrae merita enumeremus,
qui inde ab Isaac Newton usque ad Caroluin Darwin in sua quisque scient'iae
naturalis disciplina principes fuerunt, sed nostro nobis iure liceat his diebus
festis civis nostri primarii Albrechti de Haller theatri anatomici Gottingensis
praesidis et rectoris, urbis Bernensis luminis et principis, memoriam renovare,
qui anno MDCCXLIII a Georgio II Rege Britanniae, cuius turn medicus
aulicus erat, ordini vestro adscriptus vita doctrina scriptis illo honore dignis-
simum se praebuit. Et quum his proximis annis Hugonem Kronecker, qui
nunc instituto physiologico Bernensi, quod Hallerianum vocatur, cum

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 67

diligentia et doctrina praeest, dignum iudicaveritis qui sodalis vester extraneus
sit, itaque Alma Mater Bernensis a longissimis temporibus artiore quodam
vinculo cum Societate Regia Londiniensi sit coniuncta, hodie pia vota nostra
cum vestris coniungimus, ut vivat crescat floreat Societas Regia in aeterna
tempora. Valete nobisque favete.

Dabamus Bernae, mense lulio anno MCMXII.

Litterarum Universitatis Bernensis h. t. Rector Magnificus :

CAROLUS MARTI,

Theologiae Doctor, Theologiae Linguarum Littera-
rumque Semiticarum prof. publ. ord.

UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA

L'UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE A THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING
NATURAL KNOWLEDGE. — Le Recteur et le Senat de TUniversite de Geneve
«nvoient leurs salutations au President et aux membres de la Royal Society of
London et leur expriment leurs plus vives felicitations a 1'occasion du glorieux
anniversaire celebre les 16, 17 et 18 Juillet. Nombreux sont les rapports qui
se sont etablis depuis 1'epoque de la Reformation entre les hommes de science
de la Grande Bretagne et de la Cite genevoise. Dans une adresse remarquable,
precieuse entre beaucoup, envoyee en 1909 a 1'Universite de Geneve, a 1'occasion
du jubile commemoratif de sa fondation, votre President rappelait les noms
de nos maitres qui ont figure sur la liste d'honneur de la Royal Society. Les
solennites du 250e anniversaire de la fondation de votre Societe nous rappellent
deux noms de savants anglais qui nous sont chers : celui de Robert Boyle,
dont les grandes decouvertes sont precisement de 1'epoque ou votre illustre
Compagnie s'est constitute, et qui, peu de temps auparavant, passait comme
jeune etudiant deux annees a Geneve ; celui de Sir Humphry Davy qui, apres
avoir sejourne plus d'une fois dans notre ville, y decedait en 1829 et auquel
notre petite Republique, toujours jalouse des prerogatives de la haute culture,
fit des funerailles officielles. Ce souvenir s'est perpetue chez nous sous la
forme d'un prix universitaire qui porte le nom de Davy : recemment encore, la
vie de ce savant illustre etait donnee en exemple a nos etudiants dans une de nos
fetes academiques. II nous a paru utile d'evoquer ainsi le passe pour mieux
exprimer le caractere des liens qui unissent notre Universite a votre savante
Confrerie. Que la Royal Society continue a briller au premier rang des
societes scientifiques ! C'est le voeu tres sincere que forment le Recteur et le
Senat de TUniversite de Geneve.

Geneve, Juillet 1912.

Le Recteur,

Dr. A. MAYOR.

68 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE

L'UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE A LA SOCIETE ROYALE BRITANNIQUE. — Monsieur
le President et Messieurs, — Les circonstances ne nous ont pas permis de
repondre a votre appel et de vous envoyer un delegue. Mais nous tenons
a vous dire qu'en ces jours de fete nous prenons part a votre joie et que, en
vous presentant nos felicitations pour votre glorieux passe, nous faisons des vreux
pour votre avenir. Creee par le libre effort de quelques hommes avides de
penetrer les secrets de la Science, la Societe Royale a recu, voici deux cent
cinquante ans, sa premiere charte du roi d'Angleterre Charles II. Tot apres,
elle attirait, par ses lettres et ses publications, Tattention de tons les savants et
philosophes du continent. Elle n'a, dans la suite, plus cesse de croitre :
reunissant des materiaux scientifiques, enrichissant sans relache son admirable
bibliotheque, donnant le desir et le pouvoir de vivre a d'autres societes, ses
sreurs cadettes du Royaume Uni, groupant, a chaque generation, des
hommes toujours nouveaux, chercheurs modestes ou initiateurs illustres, qui
prirent part a ses travaux ou, tel le grand Newton, presiderent ses seances.
Aujourd'hui la Societe Royale est plus puissante, plus active que jamais ; elle
rend des services a Phumanite entiere ; il n'est personne, dans le monde de la
culture, qui ne connaisse et respecte son nom. Nous nous joignons a ceux qui
1'admirent et, avec tant d'autres, nous lui exprimons notre reconnaissance.

Lausanne, le Sjmllet 1912.

Au nom de TUniversite:
Le Recteur,

E. ROSSIER.

HELVETIC SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, GENEVA

LA SOCIETE HELVETIQUE DES SCIENCES NATURELLES A THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF
LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE. — La Societe Helvetique des
Sciences Naturelles a tenu a honneur de s'associer au juste tribut d'hommages
qui seront rendus par les savants du monde entier a la Royal Society,
a Toccasion du 250e anniversaire de sa fondation. Elle lui apporte ses voeux et
souhaits les plus sinceres pour Tavenir en meme temps que Texpression de sa
vive admiration pour le passe'. La Royal Society a droit a la profonde
reconnaissance de tous en raison des services incomparables rendus a la science
et a Thumanite par les hommes illustres qu'elle a comptes au nombre de ses
membres. Leur ceuvre admirable embrasse toutes les branches du savoir
humain et a rayonne au loin comme un phare etincelant au milieu de TOcean
des Sciences. Les naturalistes suisses saisissent cette occasion pour rappeler
le role considerable joue par la science anglaise dans Tetude de la grande

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 69

nature alpestre, role symbolise recemment par Terection du monument eleve
dans le site grandiose de Belalp a la memoire de I'illustre Tyndall et place
sous Tegide de la Societe Helvetique des Sciences naturelles et du Club alpin
suisse. Honneur soit aux savants dont les travaux portent actuellement au
loin la renommee de la Science anglaise ! Honneur soit a la Royal Society
qui n'a cesse de representer avec eclat la haute culture scientifique dans ce
qu'elle a de plus profond et de plus brillant.

Geneve, Juilkt 1912.

Pour le Comite Central de la Societe Helvetique des Sciences Naturelles :

Le President, Le Vice-President, Le Secretaire,

ED. SARASIN. R. CHODAT. PH. A. GUYE.

FEDERAL TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL, ZURICH
A LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES, A L'OCCASION DE SON DEUX CENT CINQUAN-

TIEME ANNIVERSAIRE, L'ECOLE PoLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE APPORTE SES FELICITA-
TIONS ET SES HOMMAGES. — Get anniversaire attire les regards du monde savant
tout entier vers votre Societe, si venerable par son glorieux passe, si jeune par
son inlassable activite. Vos fondateurs ont ete bien inspires, et doues en
quelque sorte d'une vue prophetique, quand ils assignment comme but a votre
Societe Texploration experimental de la Nature. Les deux cent cinquante
ans ecoules depuis lors furent d'une fecondite incomparablement plus grande
que les siecles qui les ont precedes. Des relations nouvelles ont ete decouvertes,
la chaleur et la mecanique, Toptique et Pelectricite se sont reunies dans des
sciences plus larges et le philosophe, de plus en plus, entre en possession d'une
vue d'ensemble des phenomenes naturels. Mais plus apparentes encore sont
les transformations operees dans les conditions de la vie materielle. Par une
serie de brillantes decouvertes Thomme a decuple ses moyens d'action, sa
richesse ; la duree de la vie elle-meme a ete prolongee. Dans cette osuvre,
Messieurs, votre part a ete grande. L'histoire de la Societe Royale est
Thistoire d'une notable fraction de la pensee humaine. Vos annales sont
pleines de noms glorieux, que nous ne pouvons tous enumerer. Quelques-uns,
tres grands, sont dans toutes les memoires et appartiennent a tous : Newton,
Faraday, Darwin, Maxwell, Joule, Kelvin. D'autres, presents parmi. vous et
tres grands aussi, continuent la lignee de ces illustres devanciers. La Suisse
que rapproche de votre pays la parente des institutions et un egal amour de la
liberte a, elle aussi, compris de bonne heure ce que peut la Science pour la
culture des esprits et la grandeur des nations. Penetree des pensees qui
animent votre Societe, elle doit a Tesprit experimental le developpement de
son Industrie et son role initiateur dans les auvres d'education. Les fetes

70 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

auxquelles vous nous avez convies proclament bien haut la vertu efficace (Tune
idee qui fut la votre et qui nous est chere. Elles prouvent au monde entier
qu'une institution, pour prosperer, pour devenir non seulement grande par la
Science, mais aussi puissante par son action et bienfaisante par son rayonne-
ment, doit rester en communion intime avec la masse de I'humanite qu'elle
eclaire et qu'elle guide dans sa marche vers de lointaines destinees. La Suisse
s'associe avec une emotion profonde a des fetes qui sont celles de la Science
tout entiere et aux voeux que 1'humanite pensante forme pour la Societe Royale.

Zurich, Juillet 1912.

Au nom de PEcole Poly technique Federale :

Le President du Cornell, Le Recteur,

Dr. R. GNEHM. THEODOR VETTER.

JAPAN

IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY, TOKYO

ADDRESS OF CONGRATULATION FROM THE IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO TO
THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. — (Translation.) The Imperial University of
Tokyo is much honoured in being invited by the Royal Society of London to
participate in the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of
its foundation, and is delighted to join with other Universities and Learned
Societies in tendering most hearty congratulations on this memorable occasion.
So marvellous has been the progress of Science during the last two and a half
centuries, and so illustrious the history of the Royal Society, its foremost
promoter, that we cannot, in this short address, refer in adequate terms to
any of the individual work of its Fellows, however important that work may
be. We can but gratefully recall the fact that the two fundamental laws of
Nature — the law of universal attraction and the law of evolution — were both
brought to light by the Fellows of the Royal Society, one of whom held the
office of President for the long period of twenty-four years and is, probably,
the greatest man of science the world has ever produced. We would rather
signalize the profound influence which the Royal Society has had upon man's
thought. By steadfastly pursuing the great and noble object with which it
was founded, the Royal Society has not only enlarged the bounds of man's
knowledge and increased his power and happiness to an extent almost beyond
words, but has also, especially during the last half-century, broken down
inherited prejudices and traditional opinions, established freer and more
direct methods of reasoning, and altogether raised the standard and widened
the sphere of man's thought. And, immense as are the material benefits
which Science has conferred upon mankind, this greater intellectual freedom

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 71

and this wider range of thought, which have chiefly followed from the work
of the Royal Society, are certainly not of less price. Moreover, when we
remember that the bringing in of this liberal mental attitude has been of
immense service in remodelling the civilization of Japan within the last fifty
years, we feel that no words can adequately express our deep sense of
gratitude. If, on this occasion of world-wide significance, we are allowed to
refer to another matter, which still more directly concerns the Imperial
University of Tokyo, we would gratefully record the valuable assistance
rendered to us in past days by several, who have since become Fellows of the
Royal Society, in fostering the spirit of scientific investigation in this country.
We must not omit to express our grateful thanks also for the active part
taken by the Royal Society in initiating and organizing the International
Catalogue of Scientific Literature and the International Association of
Academies. Such international organizations are not only of great impor-
tance for the primary objects with which they have been established, but will
also be a powerful means of promoting the brotherhood of mankind. In
conclusion, the Imperial University of Tokyo tenders its most hearty good
wishes for the prosperity of the Royal Society and hopes that in the future, as
in the past, it may lead the world in ' The Promotion of Natural Knowledge \
On behalf of the Imperial University of Tokyo.

BARON ARATA HAMAO, President.
The fifteenth of June, one thousand nine hundred and twelve.

To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR IMPROVING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE,
GREETINGS FROM THE IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF KYOTO. — The progress of the
world is due to the development of science and art. Especially has the advance-
ment of the physical sciences been a predominant factor in producing the
increased welfare of humanity. The philosophy, the literature, and the Arts
of every age are the flowers of its endeavour ; but it is always the advance-
ment of the physical sciences that increases our knowledge of nature and
points the way to its exploitation, thus substantially promoting the well-
being of mankind. Great Britain has produced many scholars remarkable in
different spheres of human learning ; but those who are distinguished in the
physical sciences are especially numerous. This is due in part to the
innate character of the English people who particularly love positive and
practical knowledge ; yet more especially is it due to those varied means for
promoting and encouraging scientific research in which Great Britain abounds.
The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge was estab-
lished with the approval of Charles II, and incorporated in sixteen hundred

and sixty-two. It is the oldest scientific association in Great Britain, and
one of the oldest in the world. Among its fellows are included those of the
greatest scientific eminence in Great Britain; and by their indefatigable
activity in the realm of natural science and by their keen counsel, the Society
has wonderfully fulfilled its purpose. The institution, by the Society, of the
annual grants for the promotion of scientific research, and of awards of
various medals to those making important discoveries, has been of great
service to the progress of knowledge in physical sciences. The publications of
the Society are among the most useful agencies for encouraging and dis-
seminating scientific information throughout the world ; and by them Japan
has been greatly benefited. The Imperial University of Kyoto appreciates
highly the Society's cordial invitation to participate in the celebration of its
two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, and herewith commissions her repre-
sentative to attend the ceremony, paying honour to the Society's glorious past
and praying for its still more glorious future.
July 16, 1912.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CLARK UNIVERSITY, WORCESTER

PRAESIDI ET Socus SOCIETATIS REGIAE APUD LONDINENSES UNIVERSITAS
CLARKIANA Salutem ! — Viri doctissimi, magno cum gaudio accepimus litteras
humanissimas, quibus nos ad celebrandum festum diem quo ante hos CCL
annos Societas vestra diplomate regis constituta est, invitastis ac libentes
merito nobis videmur vestrae laetitiae participes esse. Itaque legatum nostra-
rumque gratulationum interpretem creamus et ad vos mittimus virum
insignem, magistrum exploratoremque rerum naturae, ARTHURUM GORDON
WEBSTER, Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D., physicorum professorem in Universitate
Clarkiana. Non ignoramus longissimam seriem inclutorum virorum qui
Societatem Regiam ornaverunt et ornant ; inter alios Newton, Davy, Faraday,
Young, Hooker, Huxley, Stokes, Kelvin, Lister, Rayleigh, Geikie. Neque
enim de sola patria Britannica, sed de genere humano Societas vestra propter
naturam explorandam merita est. lure consanguineo gratulamur vobis,
quod, si liceat parvum magno conferre, haec Universitas nostra instar Socie-
tatis vestrae ad promovendam scientiam rerum experientia condita est.

Datum in urbe Vigomia apud Massackusettenses, die XXIV mensis Mali
MCMXIL

G. STANLEY HALL, Praeses.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 73

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK

CURATORES UNIVERSITATIS COLUMBIAE IN URBE Novo EBORACO PRAESIDI
CONCILIO SODALIBUS SociETATis REGANS S. P. D. — Perquam nobis acceptum
exoptatumque accidit quod nos eorum sollemnium testes participesque esse
voluistis quibus diem natalem Societatis vestrae per annos iam ducentos quin-
quaginta in scientia naturali promovenda florentis propediem celebraturi essetis.
Neque enim fieri poterat quin series ilia mirabilis rerum inventarum per
quas toti generi humane non solum via et ratio naturam complectendi sed
etiam vitae condicio cotidianae tantum in melius mutata esset, nos quoque
penitus commoveret. Nam si primam memoriam ordinis vestri repetere libet
et recordari quam longe aliter de specie et ratione naturae illo atque hoc
tempore vulgo senserint, difficile est eis satis digne gratias agere qui ingeniis
studiisque effecerunt ut hodie et qualia sint foedera naturae tanto subtilius
intellegamus et qualis necessitudo inter hominem ipsum et universam naturam
intercedat tanto liberius iudicemus. Longum est nee vero hoc loco necesse —
eminent enim omnibusque qui sapiunt in ore sunt — eos recensere paene innu-
merabiles qui vestrae Societatis sodales se in caecas veri latebras insinuave-
runt atque inde victores quid fieri posset, quid nequiret rettulerunt. Duo
autem, Carolus Lyell et Carolus Darwin, summo ingenio praestantes, nullius,
ut vobis moris est, addicti iurare in verba magistri, rerum cognoscere causas
tarn feliciter potuerunt ut si quis reperta eorum praetermittere velit, nullo iam
modo neque de hoc orbe terrae neque de vi et natura animantium neque de
ipsa omnium hominum consortione quicquam recte cogitare queat. Hi et tot
alii ex ordine vestro illustrissimo vitam humanam per inventas artes excolue-
runt omnesque sui memores iure fecerunt merendo. Namque eos, ut ait
Lucretius divinus ille poeta,

usus et impigrae simul experientia mentis
paulatim docuit pedetemptim progredientis :
sic unum quicquid paulatim protrahit aetas
in medium ratioque in luminis erigit oras.

Itaque libenter vobis morigerantes, NICOLAUM MURRAY BUTLER, Universitatis
nostrae praesidem, virum et multiplici ingenio praeditum et, ut verbis Evelyn
vestri utamur, omnia explorare meliora retinere solitum, ad vos legavimus per
quern velut praesentes et vobis partam gloriam gratularemur et ut peractis
paria essent futura saecula exoptaremus. Valete.

Dabamus Novi Eboraci, Idibus luniis anno Salutis MDCCCCXII.

GEORGE L. TIVES, Curatonim Magister.
JOHN B. PINE, A Secretis.

CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y.

UNIVERSITAS CORNELLIANA SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONDINIENSIS PRAESIDI CON-
CILIO SODALIBUSQUE Salutem Plurimam Dicit. — Vobis, viri doctissimi, ex
animo gratulamur quod Societas vestra annos ducentos quinquaginta peregit
laboribus abundantes qui famam vestram gloriamque ad ultimas oras pertu-
lerint. Summa quidem voluptate cum ceteris universitatibus orbis totius
terrarum matris societatum omnium quae ad scientiam naturalem potissimum
spectant promovendam diem natalem reverentes concelebramus. Consilia
eorum qui die illo memorabili abhinc tot annos fundamenta vestra iecerunt
vos sum ma cum laude exsecuti estis atque indagationis rationes veras legesque
inter omnes gentes splendidissime promovistis. Nos Americani vobiscum non
lingua solum communi sed etiam eisdem sententiis animisque coniunctissimi
quodam modo sentimus viros illustres illos innumerabiles qui annales vestros
nominibus illustraverint quosque vos incitatos coronaveritis nobis quoque
ipsis esse honori gloriaeque. Quod vos et illi tempore praeterito exemplum
tarn insigne ceteris ad imitandum proposuistis nos quidem gratiam habemus
merito infinitam. Quod ad posteros pertinet speramus, quin etiam confidimus
Societatem vestram annis cedentibus saeculisque beneficia generi toti humano
benignius etiam atque copiosius esse diffusuram. Cuius Societatis in honorem
JOHANNEM HENRICUM COMSTOCK entomologiae in Universitate nostra professo-
rem mittebamus qui illis diebus felicibus faustisque mensis lulii proximi
nostro ipsorum nomine interesset gaudii vestri particeps votorum nostrorum

interpres atque voluntatis amicissimae.

J. G. SCHURMAN, Praeses.

D. VIII K. Apr. A. D. MDCCCCXII, Ithaca ex Civitate Noveboracensi.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITAS HARVARDIANA REGIAE SOCIETATI S. P. D. — Societati vestrae
vetustissimae, O viri clarissimi et illustrissimi, propter res in scientia promo-
venda gestas, propter sodales, propter nummos viris excellentibus donates,
propter illas Transactiones Philosophicas laude summa atque gloria ornatae,
nostra Universitas his laetis diebus honore potius recepto quam conlato
gratulationes facit maximas. De expeditionibus vero terra marique susceptis,
de investigationibus, excogitationibus, inventionibusque ex quibus Sodales
Regiae Societatis gloriam immortalem consecuti sunt atque de omnibus rebus,
ne plura dicamus, quae hac Societate fovente naturalem scientiam auxerunt,
vobis gratulamur. Propter studium autem vestrum atque industriam in
rerum naturalium cognitione positam meritissimo ad tarn altum dignitatis
gradum pervenistis ut beneficia quae omnes cupiunt, pauci adipiscuntur in

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 75

praeclarissimos atque illustrissimos vobis conferre liceat. Nobis igitur eos
recordantibus huius Universitatis alumnos quos sodales peregrines cooptavistis
— inter alios ilium qui fluminum glacialium est fluxionem mensus et hunc
quern nullum sidus umquam fefellit — animum spirituraque adsumimus. Nee
de memoria excidere potest ille comes, genere Americanus, civitate Anglus,
domicilio diu Germanus, qui apud vos nummum memorialem suum instituit,
apud nos artem physicam profitendam pecuniis suis curavit. Quibus vinculis
vobiscum coniuncti gaudio laetitiaque, ita ut decet, hoc quidem tempore festo
complemur atque precamur ut qua laude per saecula peracta Regia Societas
ornata est eadem aut etiam maiore — si tantum sperare licet — per nova

saecula in perpetuum fruatur. Valete.

Scribendo adfuit

A. L. LOWELL, Praeses.

Datum Cantabrigiae in Aula Universitati^ Kal. lun. A.D. MDCCCCXII,
Coll Harv. CCLXXVL

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE

UXIVERSITAS HOPKINSIEXSIS SOCIETATI REGALT PRO SCIEXTIA NATURALI PROMO-
VEXDA S. P. D. — Nomen Societatis Regalis et gloriam illorum qui inter Sodales
vestros scientiam promoverunt quis doctorum hominum animo non percepit et
memoria custodivit ? Qua de causa vos comprobamus et vehementer laudamus
quod, festo per triduum d. XVI-XVIII mensis lulii agendo, illos sodales
celeberrimos singular! honore decoraturi estis, et voluptate afficimur non
mediocri quod nos participes esse voluistis. Ergo incluta Societas vestra quae
rescripto Caroli Secundi constituta iam natalem suum ducentesimum et quin-
quagesimum vidit nos absentes precamur ut semper novetur et augeatur.
Atque ut dies festos quos acturi estis eo quo par est honore prosequamur, ex
nostro ordine Academico GULIELMUM BULLOCK CLARK delegimus professorem
illustrem virum Geologiae peritissimum qui praesens vobis gratulandi munus
obiret et vobiscum Sodalium vestrorum memoriam debita laetitia et religione
celebraret.

Dabamus Baltimorae, Kal, lun. MCMXII.

IRA REMSEN, Praeses.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI, CONCILIO ET SODALIBUS PRAESES ET SENATUS
UXIVERSITATIS MicHiGAXEXsiUM S. P. D. — Pergratae nobis sunt litterae
vestrae, viri eruditissimi, in omni scientiarum genere praeclari, quibus nos
certiores facitis vos consilium iniisse natalem vestrae Societatis illustrissimae,
quinquagesimo lustro feliciter exacto, festis sollemnibus celebrandi, et nos

76 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

liberaliter invitatis ut legemus qui gaudiis vestris caerimoniisque intersit.
Adlegavimus GULIELMUM HERBERT HOBBS, professorem in nostra Universitate,
qui unus pro cunctis vestrae Societati gratuletur et vestris studiis in scientia
promovenda laetos in perpetuum successus exoptet.

HARRY B. HUTCHINS, Praeses.
ARTHUR G. HALL, Sec. Senatus.
Dabamus Annarbore, die III mensis Maii anno MCMX1I.

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA

UNIVERSITAS PENNSYLVANIENSIS SOCIETATI REGIAE S. P. D. — Litteras
vestras quibus nos quoque ad natalem ducentensimum quinquagensimum
Societatis Regiae concelebrandum benevole invitastis haud cum parvo gaudio
accepimus. Vincula enim perlibenter agnoscimus quibus omnes academiae
inter se continentur, nee possumus oblivisci eum quern inter conditores nostrae
Universitatis iusto iure nominemus, Beniamin Franklin, Societatis Regiae
sodalem fuisse. Itaque, viri doctissimi, voluntati vestrae obsecuti, legato de
nostro numero electo imperavimus ut vobis festos dies merito agentibus
gratuletur et verbis nostris vobis fausta omnia precetur. Valete.

Datum Philadelphia^, mense Maio, anno Domini milensimo nongenten-
simo duodecimo.

EDGAR F. SMITH, Praefectus.

EDWARD ROBINS, Sigilli custos.

UNIVERSITY OF PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

SOCIETATI REGALI LONDINIENSI per tot annos feliciter exactos lumen scientiae
praetendenti, numen veritatis pie colenti, immo quasi soli sapientiae in caelo
refulgenti, gloriam dei in operibus manuum eius annuntianti, eo ut in fines
orbis terrae exierint mortalibus verba vestra, audita audienda oboedienda, nos
quoque qui, ut verbis Tullianis utamur, trahimur et ducimur ad cognitionis et
scientiae cupiditatem, in qua excellere pulchrum putamus, labi autem errare
nescire decipi et malum et turpe ducimus, sodalitati vestrae illustrissimae
lustrum quinquagesimum iam iam impleturae, per praesidem ordinis nostri
academici IOANNEM GRIER HIBBEN, qui has litteras vobis adferet praesens, fausta
felicia fortunata ore more amore exoptamus Praeses Curatores Professores
UNIVERSITATIS PRINCETONIENSIS.

Dabamus Princetoniae in Aula Nassovica, Kal. lun. MCMXII.

C. W. McALPIN, Ab actis.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 77

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. — THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN sends
to the Royal Society of London its congratulations on the two hundred and
fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation, a memorable event in the history of the
oldest and most noted scientific society of the English-speaking people. Its
long roll of members contains the names of many men who have initiated
great movements in science, and includes others less distinguished by whose
wisdom and labour science has become enriched. By the lives and work of
these men the Royal Society has contributed in large measure to the great
intellectual heritage of England, and through that nation to the enlightenment
and freedom of the human race. The University of Wisconsin, while gratefully
recognizing with all the world of learning this unique service, has the con-
fident belief that the Royal Society during the centuries to come will continue
its illustrious history.

CHARLES R. VAN HISE, President.

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, BOSTON
ACADEMIA ARTIUM ET SCIENTIARUM AMERICANA PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALI-

BUSQUE SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRO SdENTIA NATURALI PfiOMOVENDA. Omnium

orbis terrarum societatum eruditarum quae lingua Anglica utuntur matri,
filia, ipsa aetatis non spernendae, Academia Artium et Scientiarum Americana,
hoc die natali eius ducentesimo quinquagesimo plurimam dicit salutem atque
alterum sperat totidem annorum saeculum non minorem gloriam ei quam
primum attulerit, cum maiorem non possit, esse allaturum. Legatum ad vos,
viri doctissimi et clarissimi, mittit haec Academia scribam suum ab epistolis,
EDVINUM HERBERTUM HALL, Universitatis Harvardianae Philosophiae Naturalis
Professorem, qui ipse gratulationes Academiae ferat atque vobiscum Societatem
vestram fundatam concelebret. Valete.

Datum Bostomae, die XXVI mensis lunii MCMXII, in nomine Academiae
Americanae.

JOHN TROWBRIDGE, Praeses.

CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

PRAESES ET Socn ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM ET ARTIUM CONNECTICUTENSIS
PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS SOCIETATIS REGALIS S. P. D. — lucundum
profecto et honorific um nobis accidit quod participes esse possumus laetitiae
vestrae et interesse sacris saecularibus quibus natalem vestrum celebrandum
constituistis. Animi igitur sensus qui nostro nomine coram testetur legatum

78 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

ad vos misimus ERNESTUM GULIELMUM BROWN vestrae Societatis nostraeque
Academiae sodalem et in Universitate Yalensi professorem. Valete nobisque
favete.

Dabamus Novo Portu in Re Publica Connecticutensi, Id. Apr. A.D.

SIMEON E. BALDWIN, Praeses.

AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA

SOCIETAS PHILOSOPHICA AMERICANA S. P. D. SOCIETATI REGIAE. — Vobis, viri
illustrissimi, nos ex animo gratulari liceat, quod Societas vestra, non vetus
tantum et antiqua, sed summo etiam in honore per totum orbem terrarum
merito habita, natalem ducentensimum quinquagensimum optimis hoc anno
celebratura est auspiciis. Et est cur id libentiore etiam faciamus animo.
Namque omnes ubique societates, quae ad scientiam promovendam sunt
constitutae, communi artium et scientiarum studio sunt consociatae ; Societas
autem Regia cum principalem inter omnes tenet locum, turn artioribus cum
nostra vinculis est coniuncta. Conditor enim noster, Beniamin Franklin, ipse
Societatis Regiae sodalis, cum in Terra Nova sodalitatem instituere vellet, quae
scientiam utilem, ut ipsis illius verbis utamur, promoveret, usque ab initio
Societatem Regiam oculis proponebat ut exemplum dignissimum quod
imitaretur. Ubi vero anno millensimo septingentensimo quadragensimo tertio
ex sodalitate ab illo condita, cui lunto nomen dedit, provenit Societas
Philosophica Americana, Societatis vestrae propositum atque rationem voluit
et imitari et, quoad tamen potuit, aemulari. Quae affinitatis vincula semper
artiora fiunt fiantque. Quibus de causis quasi fratres natu minores fratribus
nostris eisdem pro studiis trans Oceanum laborantibus gratulationes votaque
mittimus, et spem fovemus certissimam fore ut Societas Regia sempiterna
floreat gloria. Valete.

Datum Philadelphiae, ante diem quintum Kalendas Iidias, anno Domini
millensimo nongentensimo duodecimo.

WILLIAM W. KEEN, Praeses.

I. MINIS HAYS, Ab epistulis.

FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, PHILADELPHIA

To the President. Officers, and Fellows of THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
for the Promotion of Natural Knowledge. — THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE OF THE
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts extends to
you cordial greetings and sincere congratulations on the happy occasion of the
two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the Incorporation of your Society.
Few charters looking to the progress and welfare of peoples have resulted in
greater benefits to civilization than that granted to the Royal Society by
King Charles II, and no similar society can boast such a long and unbroken

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 79

chain of illustrious men whose labours have done so much to unravel the secrets
of nature and subdue her forces to the uses of man. The Franklin Institute
is glad to have this opportunity to acknowledge its deep indebtedness for the
inspiration and incentive continuously derived since its founding from the
Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society and from the many
distinguished men who have represented the Society in America.
Philadelphia, U. S. A,, July 15, 1912.

COLEMAN SELLERS, Jr., Vice-President.

R. B. OWENS, Secretary.

CARNEGIE INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON

THE TRUSTEES AND THE INVESTIGATORS OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF
WASHINGTON extend greeting and congratulations to the Royal Society of
London on the occasion of the celebration of its two hundred and fiftieth
Anniversary. With sentiments of admiration and gratitude for the encourage-
ment of investigation and for the contributions to knowledge which have
rendered the Royal Society of London illustrious in the annals of science,
we of the younger organization for the promotion of research tender this
tribute of appreciation to the officers and fellows of the older organization,
and wish for them and their successors a long-continued career in the
advancement of learning, understanding, and progress throughout the world.

ROBERT S. WOODWARD, President.

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, WASHINGTON

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES sends its cordial greeting to the
Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge on the occasion
of the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its
foundation. The National Academy of Sciences, having been incorporated
as adviser on matters scientific by an act of the Congress of the United
States of America, desires, with the congratulations of its members, to express
their admiration and indebtedness to the Royal Society of London. Progress
has marked its life, and its contributions to science are acknowledged by the
world. The Royal Society has a heritage of historic glory which is an
inspiration to the learned body which expresses itself in a common language.
With felicitations go the earnest hopes of the Members of the Academy for
the long life and increasing achievements of the oldest scientific society in
Great Britain. The National Academy of Sciences has chosen DR. ARNOLD
HAGUE, its Home Secretary, to convey this message to the Royal Society and
to unite with representatives of other institutions of learning in celebrating
the event. In behalf of the Council and Members of the Academy.

Washington, June 3, 1912.

IRA REMSEN, President.

80 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AT WASHINGTON sends cordial greeting
to the Royal Society upon the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth
Anniversary of its foundation. In compliance with the request of the
President, the Council, and the Members of the Society, the Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution takes pleasure in designating ARNOLD HAGUE, Pn.B.,
Sc.D., LL.D., M.N.A.S., Geologist of the United States Geological Survey, as
the representative of the Smithsonian Institution at the celebration. In
offering its congratulations, the Smithsonian Institution calls to mind, with
great satisfaction, the circumstance that its founder was for more than forty
years a member of the Royal Society. The unparalleled achievements in
science, extending over two and a half centuries, which have made the name
of the Royal Society known and honoured throughout the world, are an
unfailing source of inspiration to the Smithsonian Institution in its labours for
the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.

Attest: CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Secretary.
June the fifteenth. One thousand nine hundred and twelve.

UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, WASHINGTON

To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. — The
members of the UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, admiring
followers of the illustrious men whose names adorn the records of the Royal
Society, send greetings and congratulations on the two hundred and fiftieth
Anniversary of the founding of the Society, whose activities have been the
inspiration of succeeding generations of scientific workers.

Washington, July 1912.

O. H. TITTMAN, Superintendent.

WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

THE OFFICERS AND THE MEMBERS OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES extend greetings and congratulations to the Royal Society of
London on the occasion of the celebration of its two hundred and fiftieth
Anniversary. With the admiration of a disciple, the younger Society for the
increase of Knowledge hails the elder Society, now dignified by age and
illustrious by achievement, and wishes for it continued prosperity and renown.

FREDERICK V. COVILLE, President.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 81

BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS
AUSTRALIA

UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES

UNIVERSITAS SYDNEIENSIS SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUSQUE
Salutem. — Gratum admodum nobis, viri doctissimi, fecistis quod nos ad
celebrandum vobiscum natalem Societatis vestrae ducentesimum quinqua-
gesimum tarn benigne invitastis. Nostra quidem laude parum indiget Societas
Regalis, cuius tot praesides et sodales scientiae naturalis, complures iam per
aetates, praeclarissima lumina fuerunt ; ita ut ea certe fundanda Rex Carolus
Secundus, qui nunquam, uti fertur, locutus est insulse, fecerit etiam sapien-
tissime. Voluntati vestrae libenter obsecuti, adlegamus ANDERSON STUART,
M.D., LL.D., Physiologiae Professorem ac Facultatis Medicinae Decanum,
qui feriis vestris intersit, quique ut semper floreat Societas vestra, teneatque
semper praecipuum ilium inter tales toto orbe terrarum societates locum
quern tot per annos fere omnium consensu obtinuit, nostro nomine optet
et precetur.

Datum Sydneiae, Nonis Maiis^ MCMXIL

H. N. MACLAURIN, Cancellarius.
ROBERT A. DALLEN, h. t. Registrarius.

ROYAL SOCIETY OF TASMANIA, HOBART

THE PRESIDENT, ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Sir, — The President, Council,
and Members of the ROYAL SOCIETY OF TASMANIA desire, most cordially and
sincerely, to offer to the Royal Society of London their heartiest congratu-
lations on the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation.
Honoured by the name of the parent Society, and working to promote its
objects in Tasmania, we join with other kindred bodies in gratefully recalling
the past of the Royal Society of London, rich in names of men who have
profoundly influenced the progress of Science, and who for such service have
gained world-wide renown. On this Anniversary not the least cause of pride
in the great work of the Society must be the thought that its methods and
ideals are animating the lives of men in parts of the world entirely unknown
to its distinguished founders. We, at this time, also recall the fact that

82 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

it was at the instance of the Royal Society of London that Captain James
Cook was sent out by the English Admiralty on that voyage which led
to such remarkable results in the history of these Southern Lands, results
none the less famous in Science from the labours of Sir Joseph Banks,
afterwards your President for over forty years. The Royal Society of
London has ever been pre-eminent in promoting the highest ideals of
knowledge and truth. It has helped in a unique degree to mould the
intellectual life not only of Britain but also of Europe and the whole civilized
world. While it is impossible to estimate the enormous influence that has
radiated from it during the two and a half centuries of its existence, yet this
aspect may be specially noted : there can be no national bond stronger than
that of common scientific interest, and in carrying out its more definite
objects the Royal Society of London has also been eminently assisting to
draw closer the political and social bonds of the Empire. The Royal Society
of Tasmania names as its delegate and representative to convey this greeting,
GREGORY SPROTT, M.D., Member of the Council. Signed on behalf of the
Council and Members of the Royal Society of Tasmania.

HARRY BARRON, President.

GAM. H. BUTLER, Chairman of the Council
Hobart, May, 1912.

ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA, MELBOURNE

THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA,
a humble but aspiring unit of the body of seekers after knowledge, send hearty
greetings to the Royal Society of London, its great mother and prototype, on the
completion of the 250th year of its valuable life. The faithful work of many
devoted students of nature in the London Society has brought fresh light into
countless dark places, and the stimulus given by them, rolling like a wave to the
remotest corners of the British Empire, inspires distant workers in the fields
of science with energy and hope to new endeavours. The Royal Society of
Victoria gratefully acknowledges its debt to these noble men, and ventures to
trust that the efforts of its own members to emulate the work of the parent
Society may have added some vigour to the growth of the Tree of Knowledge,
that by continuing so to do it may be for ever weaving fibres of kinship that
shall assimilate its results ever more closely to those of its illustrious progenitor.
By order of the Council :

J. R. HOGG, Fellow of the Royal Society of Victoria, Delegate
to the Meetings celebrating the 250th anniversary of the
foundation of the Royal Society of London.

July, 1912.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 83

CANADA
McGiLL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL

To THE ROYAL SOCIETY on the occasion of the celebration of the two
hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the beginning of a career in the course
of which it has won world-wide fame for the great benefits it has conferred
on mankind by the advancement of scientific knowledge and the practical
application of that knowledge to the needs of human life McGiLL UNIVERSITY
sends heartiest greetings and best wishes for continued prosperity and
usefulness.

STRATHCONA, Chancellor.

W. PETERSON, LL.D., D.LITT., Principal

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

CANCELLARIUS ET SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS TORONTONENSIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO
ETSODALIBUS REGALE SOCIETATIS LONDINI S. P. D. — Gratulamur vobis, viri illu-
strissimi, vos annum ducentesimum quinquagesimum a Regali Societate inau-
gurata feriis saecularibus celebrare. Gratias agimus quod nos, ut feriis vestris
per vicarios adsimus, invitastis et, ut gratulationem nostram ad vos ferat,
ROBERTUM ALEXANDRUM FALCONER, M.A., LL.D., D.Lrrr., C.M.G., praesidem
nostrum, constituimus et delegavimus. Quod quidem a nobis vos summo iure
impetratis. li enim qui in hac Universitate cognitioni rerum naturae operam
dant — quorum e numero quattuor sunt Sodales Regalis Societatis — exempla,
quae vestra Societas praeposuit, sequuntur et imitantur. Nee enim gloria
vestra apud Britannos solum viget et apud exteras nationes quae angusto mari
a Britannia dividuntur. Multum quoque hoc Septentrionali orbe valetis.
Haud immerito. Viris enim paene divinis qui vestra gerunt et semper
gesserunt, eum, quo mine utimur, ordinem rerum et cultum acceptum referre
possumus. Illi enim prima clara voce praedicant ilia Baconiana: Artes et
scientias per experimentationem solum et observationem promoveri : scientiam
et potentiam humanam in idem coincidere.

W. R. MEREDITH, Cancellarivs.

JAMES BREBNER, Registrants.
D. ex Aede Academ. Toronton., Id. lun., MCMXII.

G 2

84 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

NOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, HALIFAX, N.S.

SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS SOCIETAS SCIENTIARUM
QUAE IN NOVA SCOTIA EST S. P. D. — Societas pro Scientia Natural! promovenda,
quae in Nova Scotia est, partem aliquam habere cupit in gratulationibus,
quae nunc ex omnibus regionibus in quibus sedem invenerit Scientia, vobis
offeruntur, quod mox natalem ducentensimum quinquagensimum vestrae
Societatis celebraturi estis. Splendide quidem Societas Regalis stimulando
et propagando assidue continenterque per tot saecula scientiarum studio
se praestitit cum primam turn inclutissimam inter societates quae in imperio
nostro Scientiam colunt ; et iuste, inter multa alia, gloriari potest in societa-
tibus quae eisdem studiis se dederunt, quae permultae ubicunque terrarum
homines lingua Anglica utuntur, diffusae sunt ; nam huic uni hae omnes
originem suam debent. Semper viam monstret Societas Regalis atque in
scientia promovenda et propaganda et civitatis necessitatibus adhibenda
semper sit princeps.

Datum Halifaxiae, Kalendis luliis MCMXII.

W. L. BISHOP, Praeses.
HARRY PIERS, Secretarvus.

INDIA

UNIVERSITY OF BOMBAY

To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY or
LONDON, on the occasion of the 250th Anniversary of the Constitution
of the Society by Royal Warrant. — THE UNIVERSITY OF BOMBAY, in accepting
the invitation of the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society
of London to send a delegate to the celebration of the two hundred and
fiftieth Anniversary of its constitution by King Charles II, desires to convey
through its representative, DR. F. G. SELBY, M.A. (Oxon.), LL.D. (Bom.),
its cordial felicitation, and to express its sympathetic interest in the historical
commemoration of one of the most important events in the history of
scientific inquiry in any part of the world. In the University of Bombay,
as in every other seat of learning and research, the influence of the Royal
Society has been a stimulus to investigation and interpretation in many
different fields, and it is with gratitude that the University desires to share
in the celebration. The University of Bombay is specially anxious to be
identified with the celebration because the Royal Society has during its
history taken such a very large interest in the development of inquiry in the

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 85

tropics and specially in India. Several of its leaders, and notably Sir Joseph
Banks, President of the Royal Society in the latter part of the eighteenth
century, and Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, one of its most eminent members
in the nineteenth century, spent much of their life and strength in investigation
into tropical conditions, and were almost the first to draw attention to the
important light which such inquiry would shed on general scientific questions.
The interest in tropical and Indian questions has not flagged since that time,
and the Society has again and again placed its experience at the disposal
of the Government of India and private bodies in this country. At the
present time it acts as the adviser of the Indian Government on matters
connected with scientific inquiry in India, and also as an advisory body
on the management of the Observatories in India. It has Committees which
are studying tropical diseases which are among our worst scourges. And the
Royal Society has always shown itself willing to assist with advice and counsel,
any public body which appealed to it. The University of Bombay, therefore,
joins in congratulating the Royal Society of London on the present occasion,
on the noble part it has played in the advancement of knowledge in the past,
and wishes for it a future even more glorious, in which it will appear that the
present commemoration represents but the beginning of a new era of advance-
ment and usefulness.

Bombay, June 20th, 1912.

UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA

A CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY

1. Those who daily improve the modern world by new discoveries, who
spend their lives in search after truths about the material world, who plunging
deep into the ocean of science collect gems, may those sober-minded scientists
live for ever for the benefit of this world.

2. Many learned men were born, will be born, and are being born on this
earth which was created long ago ; but indeed there are few who are really
successful and who by diving into the ocean of science have found out hidden
gems.

3. The Creator, hoary with age, created the universe with the earth and
other elements ; but surely he concealed the forces of material objects.
A new creator, more powerful than the first, being born discovered the long-
hidden forces of material objects.

4. In the store-house of the universe created by the aged sage Brahma
many precious things were kept hidden ; but Newton breaking open the doors
of superstition revealed a new method of discovery.

5. May the bright glory of the Royal Society, founded by him, continue to
shine through Royal patronage as long as the Sun and the Moon endure. It

86 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

is time for us to celebrate the jubilee, now that it has completed its two
hundred and fiftieth year of existence.

6. Electricity, fire, water, and other elements that were ever known as
inanimate things caught in the machines (of the Society) toil like ghosts
discharging vapour (tears), and constantly propel steam-ships, etc. during the
day and night : seeing this wonderful mechanical skill the Creator himself is
now surprised.

7. Within London lies the famous tank, called the Royal Society, in whose
waters of science on white lotuses plays the Goddess of Learning in her
splendour and where the Sun of knowledge never sets but always shines out of
joy. To add to the beauty of that tank we send this fresh blooming lotus
(Praphullachandra) of our own country.

8. May the garland of this poem composed by Asutosh and presented by
him with deep regard be accepted. If the savants living in the garden of
science wear it as an ornament, then his labour will be requited.

Calcutta University, May, 1912.

ASUTOSH MOOKERJEE, Vice-Chancellor.

UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS

London, 16 July, 1912. To THE PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Sir, — Under instructions from the Vice- Chancellor, I have the honour to convey
to the Royal Society of London the congratulations of the University of
Madras on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the
Society. Like all other academic or learned bodies, the University of Madras
most cordially recognizes the great work which the Royal Society has done in
extending the bounds of natural knowledge and in maintaining the high
traditions which ought to be associated with the pursuit of that knowledge.
I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant,

A. CRICHTON MITCHELL, Delegate, University of Madras.

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, CALCUTTA

[Translation from the original Sanskrit,]

THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF INDIA offers her respects, regards, and reverence to
the august Royal Society of august England, the importer of scientific know-
ledge.

Be it known : —

How can one describe thy glory, O Society ? Full two centuries and a half
have elapsed since thy foundation at the command of the Sovereign. Asia

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 87

offers her tribute to Europe in the garb of this eulogy of thee. May the wise
rejoice at the sight of this union of ours, so beneficial to the world. Vibhvana,
Vaja and Rbhu, celebrated in the Rig Veda, these three together rejuvenated
their old father and attained to heaven. Still higher and all unrivalled is the
region that you have reached by rejuvenating the old world through Science
and Art.

Vayu, Varuna, Agni, the Asvins, Rudras and Vasus, worshipped by the
Aryans of old, have been praised in beautiful hymns in the Vedas ; through
thy constantly employing all of them in devoted service for the good of
humanity, thy glory, moving among the regions of the air and the waters,
extends over the earth. Having come to congratulate thee, O [Society] of
glorious fame and unequalled majesty, I am satisfied with thy various virtues.
Mayest thou live long, patronize the learned, and be highly honoured for the
good of the world.

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

To THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. — On
the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of
the Royal Society, the Council and Senate of the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
send greetings and good wishes.

MORRIS W. TRAVERS, Director.

SOUTH AFRICA

ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AFRICA

SOCIETATIS REGALIS AFRICAE MERIDIONALIS PRAESES CONCILIUM Socn ET
SOD ALES SOCIETATI REGALi S. P. D. — Laetissimis animis litteras vestras
accepimus quibus certiores nos fecistis vos in animo habere natalem diem
Societatis vestrae antiquissimae et illustrissimae lulio mense huius anni
celebrare. Gratulamur vobis quod nunc quoque sicut maiorum temporibus
Societas vestra operam semper dat ut lumen scientiae quam latissime
diffundatur. Nos quidem, huius longinquae Imperil Britannici partis incolas,
qui, eius luminis non expertes, vestrum exemplum et nomen imitati, Societatem
Regalem ipsi nuper condidimus, in primis decet, filiorum ritu, natalem
Societatis vestrae diem ducentesimum quinquagesimum vobiscum concelebrare.
Quare commendamus vobis legatum nostrum DAVIDUM GILL, equitem illu-
strissimum et optime de scientia astronomica meritum, qui praesens nostro
nomine salutem vobis dicat.

L. PERINGUEY, Praeses.

88 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

BRITISH ISLES

ENGLAND AND WALES

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD

CANCELLARIUS MAGISTRI ET SCHOLARES UNIVERSITATIS OXONIENSIS SOCIETATIS
REGALIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO ET SODALIBUS S. P. D. — Regalem Societatem
ducentesimo iam et quinquagesimo anno diem natalicium celebrantem nos
Oxonienses salvere ex ammo iubemus. Namque haec ex quo tot abhinc annis
est instituta prolatandorum uno tenore scientiae finium dux et auspex exstitit :
haec illius sapientiae, cuius res gestas non solum annalium et librorum
memoria sed etiam mutata in melius mortalium condicio testatur, arcem et
caput ut olim fundavit ita nunc tuetur,

dotans vitam humanam novis inventis et copiis.

Neque absurdum videtur gratulationem in tali die a nobis potissimam offerri,
quippe qui cum inter primes lucem e tenebris elatam a cive et doctore nostro
viderimus, nunc ea quae foveatis studia indies intentius et diligentius exer-
ceamus. Quid quod non voluntate solum et animis coniungimur, sed et multi
nostrum vestris ordinibus sunt adscripti ? adeo, ut quisque in naturali
scientia se exercuit, ita plenissimam laborum mercedem consequi visus est si
vestrae Societati adscisceretur : id quod multis Oxoniensibus contigit. Itaque
quando aliquem a nobis delegatum festis adhibere benignissime vultis, illi ipsi
hoc officium mandavimus qui cum nunc conciliis nostris magna cum laude
praesideat, testis erit benevolentiae nostrae locupletissimus. Venit igitur ad
vos CAROLUS BULLER HEBERDEN, Artium Magister, Doctor in lure Civili
honoris causa, Collegii Aenei Nasi Principals, Vice-Cancellarius : qui quid
animis sentiamus voce praesens docebit.

Datum Oxoniae in Domo nostra Convocations, die Decimo Octavo mens.
lunii, A. S. MCMXII.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

UNIVERSITAS CANTABRIGIENSIS REGALI SOCIETATI LONDINIENSI S. P. D.—
Gratulamur vobis omnibus, viri rerum naturae et scientiarum amore
nobis coniunctissimi, quod annos ab origine vestra ducentos quinquaginta
prospere peractos propediem estis celebraturi. Etenim Idibus illis luliis,
die vestro natali, scientiarum templum illud aedificari coeptum est, cuius

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 89

imago quaedam, domus Salomonis sub nomine, Baconis nostri in Nova
Atlantide olirn adumbrata est. Vobis igitur etiam in posterum curae erit (ut
eiusdem utamur verbis) ' ex eis quae iam sub oculis sunt, nova experimenta, lucis
sublimioris, atque in naturam altius penetrantia, excitare et dirigere1. Societatis
vestrae auspicio (quod et vobis laudi et nobis honori fuit) primum in lucem
prodierunt alumni nostri Newtoni, postea Praesidis vestri, Philosophiae
Naturalis Prmcipia Mathematica, quorum exemplar ipsius manu scriptum
inter thesauros vestros in perpetuum conservandum curavistis. Societatis
vestrae consiliis, in inceptis magnis scientiarum in provincia promovendis, diu
libenter usi sunt ei qui patriae toti administrandae praefuerunt. Societatis
denique vestrae auctoritate pecuniae publicae scientiarum finibus proferendis
quotannis distributae sunt, et praestantissimo cuique ex scientiarum cultoribus
praemia insignia donata. Atqui non praemiorum exspectatione sed veritatis
amore ingenuo per tot annos adducti, rerum naturae miracula recondita et
penitus abstrusa orbi terrarum identidem patefecistis, philosophi cuiusdam
Romani praeceptum illud praeclarum exemplo vestro comprobantes : 'quod,
inquis, erit pretium operae ? quo nihil maius est, nosse naturam ; neque enim
quicquam habet in se huius materiae tractatio pulchrius. cum multa habeat
futura usui, quam quod hominem magnificentia sui detinet, nee mercede sed
miraculo colitur/ Laetamur Societati vestrae tot viros insignes praefuisse,
inter quos alumnos nostros complures exstitisse gloriamur. Ergo, congressus
vestri saecularis in honorem, Cancellarium nostrum illustrem, BARONEM
RAYLEIGH, quondam Praesidem vestrum insignem, legatum ad vos libenter
mittimus, qui non modo Universitatis nostrae personam summa cum dignitate
sustinebit, sed etiam nostrum omnium in vos benevolentiam optime interpre-
tabitur. Valete.

Datum Cantabrigiae, pridie Idus Marttas, A. S. MCMXII0.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON

SOCIETATI REGALI UNIVERSITAS LONDINENSIS S. P. D. — Litteras vestras,
viri doctissimi atque insignissimi, summo gaudio accepimus, cum natalicia
Societatis Regalis CCL annos abhinc fundatae celebraturi nos etiam participes
tarn faustae occasionis esse velitis. Societati vestrae gratulamur, quae per
tot iam saecula scientiae lumen non tantum inter Britannos sed per totum
terrarum orbem auget atque diff'undit. Vobis enim datur

munita tenere

edita doctrina sapientum templa serena,
despicere unde queas olios, passimque videre
errare, atque viam palantes quaerere vitae.

Nos vero, quibus, Universitati illius urbis adscriptis in qua vos sedem excelsam
et tanquam arcem habetis, scientiae inter cives nostros docendae atque

90 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

propagandae officium est impositum, vestram praecipue Societatem suspicimus ;
nee gloriari pudet nonnullos Universitatis nostrae doctores et alumnos, in
numerum sodalium vestrorum adscitos, aliquam et ipsos partem vestris
auspiciis in scientia promovenda praestitisse. Delegavimus autem Pro-
Cancellarium nostrum, WILMOT PARKER HERRINGHAM, Medicinae Doctorem,
qui vobiscum in feriis celebrandis consociatus tot tantorumque memoriae
meritorum vota pro futura Societatis Regalis prosperitate coniungat.
Dabamus Londinii, XVmo mensis lunii, A. S. MCMXII.

ARCHIBALDUS, COMES DE ROSEBERY, Cancellarius.

WILMOT PARKER HERRINGHAM, Pro- Cancellarius.

EDUARDUS HENRICUS BUSK,

Praeses Graduatorum Convocatorum.

HENRICUS ALEXANDER MIERS, Praefectus.

THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM

To THE ROYAL SOCIETY FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM. — Trustee
of the loftiest traditions of scientific inquiry, and guardian of natural
knowledge through troublous times, — we welcome the opportunity of express-
ing our admiration for your past, and our confident anticipation of a noble
future. The seal of the University of Birmingham was affixed hereto in the
presence of the undersigned members of the Council.

CHARLES G. BEALE, Vice-chancellor.
OLIVER LODGE, Principal
GEO. H. MORLEY, Secretary.

UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL

SOCIETATI REGALI UNIVERSITAS BRISTOLLIENSIS S. P. D. — Gratulamur vobis,
viri doctissimi, tot lustra feliciter peracta, tot secreta naturae abscondita iam
in lucem atque oculorum quotidianum aspectum prolata, tot res salutares in
usum commodumque hominum arte miranda inventas. Neque certe Academiae
nostrae minimae est laudi quod complures inter professores nostros in
praeclarissimam vestram Societatem alii alio tempore adsciti sunt. Nunc autem
ipsum Cancellarium nostrum, virum maxime egregium et in rationibus
philosophiae vel subtilissimae explicandis imprimis acutissimum, publica
legatione mittimus, ut unus pro omnibus hanc nostram communem vocem
ad vos deferat. Illius ergo verbis et auspiciis precamur hunc tarn faustum
natalem vestrum laeto ac frequentissimo coetu celebretis, atque optima ilia
studia, quibus ad hunc usque diem tain bene floruistis, ita in posterum
semper excolatis.

Dabamus ex Universitate Biistolliensi, a. d. IV Kal. lun. MCMXII.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 91

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM (ARMSTRONG COLLEGE)

SOCIETATI HEGALI UXIVERSITATIS DUNELMEXSIS CANCELLARIUS ET SEXATUS
S. P. D. — Cum nuper nobis nuntiatum sit vos Societatis vestrae per quinqua-
ginta iam lustra prosperrime servatae diem faustum celebraturos esse, de re
tarn felici vobis ex animi sententia gratulamur. Dicitur festivus ille rex
Carolus Secundus omnia si quis alius stulte fecisse: sed falso, quoniam id
saltern imprimis sapientis fuit, quod Societati vestrae minora ut videtur
initia sumenti adftiit ultro Fundator et Patronus. Quo patrocinio exortum
quis est quiu sciat quanto splendore quam late turn Britanniae turn ceteris
gentibus affulserit saluberrimum Scientiae lumen ? Quippe vos regale nomen
regal iter factis exornastis exornatis : adeo ut quern ad modum Cineae
Romanus sic nobis vester Senatus totus ex regibus constare videatur. Nam
contigit vobis re vera, Baconio quod erat in votis, ut naturae regno potiti
fines vestros in dies latius proferatis. At praesidum sociorumque vestrorum
tot tantaque Scientiarum in rem publicam merita vix quisquam oratione
complectatur : longum est scilicet vel nomina summatim percurrere. Quae
tamen ne omnino hoc praesertim tempore praetermittamus, ubi, ubi, inqui-
mus, terrarum ignotus est Newtonius vester —

clarum et venerabile nomen —

Archimedes alter, immo ipso Archimede praestantior ? Legentem quern non
delectat Pepysii perurbana garrulitas ? aut Boyleii singulare ingenium ?
aut Evelynus Dryadum idemque Musarum cultor ? Cui non cordi est secum
recolere vel Wrenum basilicarum altitudines molientem vel Harveium 'de
motu cordis et sanguinis' disserentem vel operis metallariis consulentem
Daveium ? Quid ? recentioris Scientiae qui signa ducebat Darwino num
quis hodie iustam laudem denegabit ? Nempe iam nemo ne Episcopus quidem
reformidat ne horribili quodam casu inter simios numeretur. Recentissimos
autem si quis respiciat, quanto opere desideratur e physicis Kelvinus, e medicis
Listerius, quorum alter navigantibus, medentibus alter multo plus praestitit
securitatis ! Hos viros insignissimos et alios horum similes recordantibus
fieri non potest quin Maronis illud nobis succurrat,

felix quipotuit rerum cognoscere causas,

ita tamen succurrat ut felices illos quoque velimus qui cognitione sua alienis
commodis inserviendum putarint. Hodie vero feriantibus vobis utinam priscus
ille praeses Brounckerius adesset ! Salutaret profecto suae laudis vicarium :
salutaret socios tarn fama quam numero pollentes : perlustraret oculis
astronomicos, medicos, physicos, mathematicos, mechanicos, chymicos, alios
complures,

nullius addictos iurare in verba magistri,

sed omnes suam quemque operam navantes, ut Philosophiam Naturalem
longius promoverent. Quae cum ita sint, animis libentissimis adlegavimus

92 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

GEORGIUM HARE PHILIPSON, Vice-Cancellarium nostrum, medicum inlustrem
inter equites adscitum, qui nostram erga vos amicitiam praesens testetur.
Sunt sane multa nobis vobiscum necessitudinis vincula, quorum nunc liceat
si non plura at unum vel potius unicum illud referre, quod viget apud nos, et
diu vigeat, Gulielmus Green well, socius vester, noster alumnus, archaeologorum
Nestor indefessus, qui pariter iam omnes, nisi fallimur, et vestrbs socios et
nostros alumnos aetate superavit. Proinde, doctorum doctissimi, scitote
nos vestris in gaudiis gaudere et impense simul precari ut nominis vestri
vetus amplitudo novis atque amplioribus etiam per saecula praemiis augeatur.

G. W. KITCHIN, D.D., Cancettarius et Decanus.
Datum Dunelmi, Kal. lul, A.S. MDCCCCXII.

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS

To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. — THE
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS begs respectfully to congratulate you on the Anniversary
which you are about to celebrate. For two hundred and fifty years your
Society has filled a unique place in our national life. No institution has
ever been animated by a greater love of truth or by a deeper reverence for
unfettered freedom of thought. The experimental methods followed by the
Royal Society have proved themselves to be true methods of advance ; and
to-day mankind is its debtor for the enlightenment and the welfare which
attend vast additions to natural knowledge. The scientific achievements of
your Society are universally acknowledged both at home and abroad. A point
less generally observed is its indirect influence in all parts of the British
realms. Happily inclusion in the Royal Society does not withdraw and
isolate men who have found a career among the growing populations of our
time. No thoughtful dweller in our own city can help feeling that Leeds
would have lost greatly had Joseph Priestley never lived and worked here.
In large industrial centres men like Priestley are the best of educators.
They are true 'merchants of light1, if we may borrow a phrase from that
New Atlantis which foreshadows so closely, in some important respects, the
purposes of your own foundation. And since Priestley's day there have never
been wanting among the citizens of Leeds other members of your body who
have not merely advanced natural science by special research but have spared
no effort to encourage learning in all its many branches. Not the least
active among the founders of our University have been Fellows of the Royal
Society who have not allowed the claims of particular investigations to blind
them to the wide range and essential unity of human knowledge.

ARTHUR G. LUPTON, Vice-Chancellor.

MICHAEL E. SADLER, Pro-Chancellor.
July, 1912.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 93

UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER

PRAESIDI CONSILIO SODALIBUS SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRO NATURALI SCIENTIA
PROMOVENDA annum CCL feliciter celebrantibus S. P. D. UNIVERSITAS MANCU-
NIENSIS. — Si iure ille aestimandus est

felix, quipotuit rerum cognoscere causas,

ut confiteri non sine dubio aliquo videtur Vergilius, nulla certe hominum
Societas quae usquam gentium ad hunc diem exstiterit maiorem huius gloriae
ac felicitatis sibi partem vindicavit quam Regalis vestra abljinc iam CCL
annos instituta. Sive enim ad fundatorum eius aetatem spectamus ubi de
Expansione Aerea primas leges celeberrimus ille Boylius invenit sive ad viri
omnium clarissimi Neutonii ipsius reperta, per quae

caelum ac terras camposque liquentes
lucentemque globum lunae Titaniaque astra

iam tandem Motus Legibus certo fundamento positis subiecit ; sive ad eos
qui Neutonium insecuti sunt, loulium qui primus Caloris atque Energeiae
coniunctam rationem exhibuit, vel Daltonium qui primus Atomorum pondera
certum in ordinem reduxit, ille artis Mechanicae hie Chemicae hodiernae paene
fundator ; hos omnes Societas Regalis inspiravit instinxit adiuvit. Quid ?
cum ad ingens illud turn fidei Christianae turn artis apud nostrates archi-
tectonicae monumentum Sancti Pauli quam vocant Cathedralem suspicimus,
nonne recordari libet illam a nobili vestro mathematico Christophero Wren
subtilissima in physicis scientia inchoatam exstructamque ? Cum vero ad
recentiorum victorias convertimur, quid dicamus de Daruinii illius maximi
Wallaciique doctrina unde

genus omne animantum
et quae marmoreo fert monstra sub aequore pontus

in suam quodque originem luculenter tractum est ? Sin vero ad artes iam
plurimas quibus vita hominum tutior vel dulcior facta est, ut de Medicorum
vestrorum repertis omnino taceamus, quis hos per menses Humphreii Davy
oblivisci potest, qui in subterraneis metallis carbonem quaerentibus

lumen de suo lumine accendit,

aut Perkinii, qui ex materia eadem nigerrima pulcherrimos veris colores
in solis lucem revocavit, oculos hominum complens ac reficiens purissima
naturae voluptate ? Per haec atque talia, doctissime Praeses, Sodales alumni-
que vestri veritatis amorem nostrorum saeculorum ingeniis alte insitum
stimulantes ipsi atque implentes, hunc ipsum terrarum orbem, ilium in-
numeris orbibus splendentem mundum cum in regnum non caecae fortunae
sed rationis certae adseruerint, non solum hominibus aptius domicilium sed
etiam, si cum poetis reverenter loqui licet, vestem Auctore omnium ipso longe
quam unquam antea cognitum est digniorem esse demonstraverunt. Vobis

94 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

igitur festa haec natalicia celebrantibus ex animo nos gratulamur, quibus inter
iuniores Britanniae Universitates antiquissimus conceditur locus ; simul a vobis
comiter rogati Principem nostrum dilectum, equitem inlustrem, ALUREDUM
HOPKINSON, delegavimus laetitiam nostram vobis praesentem praesentibus
testaturum.

ALFRED HOPKINSON, Praeses.

EDWARD FIDDES, Registrarius.

R. S. CON WAY, Humanitatis Professor.

UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD

UNIVERSITAS SHEFFIELDIENSIS SOCIETATI REGALI PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI
PROAIOVENDA S. P. D. — Annum vobis ducentesimum et quinquagesimum
implentibus cursus felicissimi et eis prope aequalis artibus quas uno nomine
scientiae hodie complectimur, vehementer et vere gratulamur, et eadem qua
ceteri omnes nos laude prosequimur. Optime enim de sapientibus estis
meriti, res plurimae et utilissimae vobis auctoribus et ducibus sunt inventae,
annalibus vestris memoria illius quo ad Naturae notitiam pervenimus itineris
magna ex parte continetur. Oramus igitur atque obsecramus ut eventu in
dies prosperiore ea vobis per multos annos agere liceat per quae sapientissimus
quisque maximos faciat progressus et omnes qui in toto orbe terrarum his
studiis favent artiore vinculo necessitudinis inter se coniungantur.

Sheffieldi dabamus, mense lunio, MCMXII.

W. M. HICKS, Praeses Senatus.

UNIVERSITY OF WALES

UNIVERSITAS CAMBRENSIS SOCIETATI REGALI PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI
PROMOVENDA S. P. D. — Ferias celebraturis ob annos ducentos quinquaginta
feliciter exactos vobis ex animo gratulamur. Pergratum erit vobis per tot
annorum spatium respicere et in memoriam reducere nomina eorum qui
Scientiae Naturalis promovendae studio incensi tot arcana Naturae enuclea-
verint atque operam ad mentes hominum exacuendas et vitam artibus
excolendam navaverint. 'Alii laboraverunt et nos in labores eorum introivimus.1
Delegavimus Vice-Cancellarium nostrum, HENRICUM RUDOLPH REICHEL,
Equitem, M.A., LL.D., qui sollemnibus vestris intersit et omnia vobis bona
fausta felicia precetur.

Dabamus pridie Non. lul. MCMXII.

KEN YON, Pro-Cancellarius.

J. MORTIMER ANGUS, Registrarius.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 95

ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS

SOCIETATI REGALI COLLEGIUM REGALE MEDICORUM LONDINENSE S. P. D. — Ad
sollennia vestra, viri doctissimi, per literas vestras gratissimas nuper vocati,
misimus nos Praesidem nostrum, THOMAM BARLOW, Baronettum, Ordinis
Regii Victoriae Equitem, nostra inter comitia simul ac vestra socium honora-
tissimum, qui studia nostra vobis exprimat, et de natalibus gratuletur.
Maximi certe debentur .Societati Regali honores, quae per ducentos et
quinquaginta annos lampada tradiderit Scientiae, quae tot sibi consociaverit
magistros, a Neutono illo usque ad Carolum Daruinum, necnon multos alios in
re physica, geologica, chemica, physiologica doctissimos, ne dicam Medicos
quosdam illustrissimos, qui inter nostram vestramque Societatem quasi arcta
vincula fuerunt, atque amicitiae signa mutuae et perpetuae. At quanta ante
oculos vestros patent regna ! nihil enim in natura est pro cognitione vestra
nimis vastum, nihil nimis minutum aut arcanum ; quaeritis qua lege labantur
sidera, quibus ignibus ardeant soles, quaenam sit terrarum et rupium aedificatio,
quaenam molecularum et atomorum intima natura, quomodo et quibus ex
primordiis propagentur florum animalium hominumque genera. Talia igitur
contemplantes, et tanto Scientiae amore raptos, non turbat vos popularis aura,
non odium theologicum, non furor politicus ; sufficit enim ipsam Naturam
prospicere, ac divino eius impleri afflatu ; ita ut de vobis illud videatur
cecinisse Vergilius,

felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas.
Valete !

THOMAS BARLOW, Praeses.
J. A. ORMEROD, Registrarlus.

Datum Londini, Kalendis luliis, MCMXII.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS

WE, the President, Vice-Presidents, and Council of the ROYAL COLLEGE OF
SURGEONS OF ENGLAND, have the honour to convey to the President, Council,
and Fellows of the Royal Society our cordial congratulations on the occasion
of the celebration of the 250th Anniversary of its foundation. It is gratifying
to us to remember that, among the many illustrious men who have brought
honour to the Society, not the least famous have been members of the medical
profession, and that in three instances the Presidential Chair has been filled
by a Fellow of our College. It is therefore with special interest and pleasure
that we join in doing honour to the Society, and offer to its President and
Fellows our best wishes for the success of their commemoration. In witness
whereof we have caused the Common Seal of the College to be hereunto affixed

this 13th day of June, 1912. T^T/-.^™ A XT T /-.rvrvn^ n -j

RICKMAN J. GODLEE, President.

96 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, LONDON

SOCIETATI REGALI inter omnes Britanniae Societates antiquissimae et
praeclarissimae annum a Societate condita Ducentesimum Quinquagesimum
Celebrant! SOCIETAS ANTIQUARIORUM LONDINENSIS S. P. D. — Societati Regali,
inter ipsa scientiarum quae vocantur naturalium incunabula nascenti, mandate
Regis Caroli Secundi sancitum est ut aut novam excuderet philosophiam aut
veterem expoliret : quod propositum quanto cum successu sit consecuta, iam
dudum non patriae modo sed orbi terrarum universe innotuit. Atqui, licet
superfluum sit ut seriem virorum qui et Societatem et nomen Britannicum
illustraverunt recenseamus, eorum saltern qui in utramque sodalitatem, et
vestram et nostram, adsciti fuerint non omittenda est memoria: quorum
e numero Martinus Foulkes uno eodemque tempore utrique Societati praefuit,
Augustus Franks, Johannes Evans, apud vos socii apud nos Praesides illustris-
simi exstiterunt. Neque illud tacendum duximus nostram scilicet Societatem,
quamvis LV annis natu minorem, vestrae et proximum obtinere locum, et
h'rmissimo semperque ut speramus duraturo amicitiae foedere esse devinctam :
quocirca vobis plenum studiorum fructum, felicitatem perpetuam, honoris, si
id fieri potest, incrementum, iterum atque iterum libentissimis animis exopta-
mus. Delegavimus hodie Praesidem nostrum, CAROLUM HERCULEM READ,
militem eundemque Legum Doctorem qui congratulationes nostras vobis unus
pro omnibus afferat.

Dabarmis Londini ex aedibus nostris, KaL lul. anno Domini MDCCCCXIL

C. H. READ, Praeses.

BRITISH ACADEMY, LONDON

THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. —
We, the President, late Presidents, Council, and Fellows of the BRITISH
ACADEMY, desire to offer to the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal
Society our cordial congratulations on the completion of the two hundred and
fiftieth year of its illustrious career. On this memorable occasion we approach
you with feelings of special attachment and confidence, inasmuch as our
Academy was, at a still recent date, founded with the co-operation and good-
will of your august Society, and we take pride in the thought that we may
almost regard our own Body as the offshoot of an historic Institution which
has flourished through so long a period of the national life. The Royal
Society had its beginnings in troublous times, when the proud legend
inscribed on the Society's seal found in very deed a wide application ; but at
no time has it been other than true to the high and arduous ends to which its
labours have from the first been devoted, or ceased from the pursuit and

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 97

service of Truth. One of the earliest of the Associations founded in any
European country 'for promoting Natural Knowledge', it has extended its
investigations, so as to comprehend all the Physical as well as Mathematical
Sciences, and the roll of its Presidents, Secretaries, and of successive generations
of its Fellows, as well as of its Medallists, covers the entire range of modern
scientific progress. The ' Invisible College ' of the years preceding the Grant
of the Society's first Charter, which it commemorates to-day, has long since
established its leading position among the chief agencies in the advancement of
* Natural Knowledge ' throughout the world. Nor can we forget that the list
of its Officers and Fellows includes many names notable in the annals of British
Letters, and in the history of those Studies which have of late found particular
representation among the members of our own Body. Of the long and varied
labours of the Royal Society a record of monumental completeness is presented
in its Transactions, extending over very nearly the whole of the two hundred
and fifty years of its strenuous existence. To the work thus unintermittently
carried on by the Society has been added its faithful and fruitful administration
of the important trusts committed to it by the Government of the Country,
and through other Benefactions, as well as its wise distribution of the Annual
Grants made to it, and its judicious award of Distinctions marking great
achievements in original Scientific Investigation. All these high and onerous
functions have been performed by the Royal Society in a spirit of self-devotion
and with a fullness of success which entitle it to the grateful acknowledge-
ments of a long series of generations, including the present of which we form
part. With the sincere expression, on the present great occasion, of this
widespread and well-merited recognition, the British Academy, in a spirit of
faithful and grateful homage, desires most cordially to associate itself

(Signed)

A. W. WARD, President of the British Academy.

RE AY ] Late Presidents of the

E. MAUNDE THOMPSON) British Academy.
I. GOLLANCZ, Secretary of the British Academy.

Date of Sealing, June 14,

BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON

To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. — THE
TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM desire to offer to you their cordial con-
gratulations on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of
the foundation of your Society. Few institutions for the advancement of
natural knowledge can claim an existence of equal length ; none can boast
a longer list of services to humanity than that which stands to the credit of

98 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

the Royal Society and its Fellows. A Corporation such as yours, which
includes within its ranks all the most eminent representatives of every branch
of natural knowledge within the British Dominions, which commands the
confidence of the nation and receives the support of the Government, can
direct and co-ordinate effort, can encourage enterprise, can reward achievement,
and thereby can promote the advance and welfare of scientific investigation
with a power altogether outside the reach of individuals or of special societies.
The Royal Society is one of the glories of England and the Empire ; and all
Englishmen are glad to join in celebrating this landmark in its long career of
usefulness. The Trustees of the British Museum feel that they have a special
claim to approach you on this occasion and to share in your rejoicings. The
British Museum owes its origin to a munificent bequest from a Fellow and
President of the Royal Society, Sir Hans Sloane ; and the Act of Incorpora-
tion, by which it was founded in 1753, ordains that among the official
Trustees of the Museum shall always be the President of the Royal Society
for the time being. Thus, throughout its whole existence, the British
Museum has had the advantage of the counsel, and has enjoyed the support,
of every President of your Society ; and not least would the Trustees grate-
fully acknowledge the assistance they have received from the distinguished
man of science who now holds that high and enviable post. The interests of
the British Museum are closely intertwined with the interests of science. The
Museum, in its Library and its Natural History Departments, provides the
materials for a vast amount of scientific research. Much of that research has
been conducted by the officers of the Museum, past and present, many of whom
have received the coveted honour of the Fellowship of your Society. It is,
therefore, with the interest that is born of close association and common
aspirations that the British Museum, in the person of its Trustees, rejoices in
the glorious past of the Royal Society, and wishes it a long and not less
glorious future.

Sealed with the Common Seal of the British Museum, 6 July, 1912.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY TO THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE
ROYAL SOCIETY, Greeting. — Amongst the many learned bodies represented
here to-day there is certainly none which can wish to offer you more sincere
and heartfelt congratulations than the Chemical Society. The Officers,
Council, and Fellows of our Society desire to associate themselves with you
in celebrating the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the birth of
a scientific corporation which in the distinction of its history is assuredly

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 99

second to no similar body in the World. The great army of diligent and
determined workers who are united by the solemn covenant to extend Man's
knowledge of Nature look with reverence and gratitude on the Society which,
during two and a half centuries, has kept alive in these Islands the sacred fire
of Research, and has included within its Fellowship men whose names and
achievements are amongst the most imperishable glories of the human race.
We desire to take this opportunity of expressing, however imperfectly, our
indebtedness to the Society of Boyle, of Cavendish, of Priestley, of Dalton,
and of Davy, and we are proud to remember that these early masters of our
Science, by the stimulus which their investigations gave to the growth of
Chemical Knowledge, led to the origin of our Society by a natural process of
gemmation from your body. It is, therefore, in the capacity of children, and
as an act of filial piety, that we desire to offer to you, our parents, dutiful
felicitations to-day. We would take this opportunity again of gladly and
freely acknowledging before all men that whatever success our own Society
may have achieved, whatever may be the dignity to which we have attained,
and whatever service to Science and to Mankind we may have been privileged
to perform, we largely owe to the inspiration which our founders drew from
the magnificent traditions of the Royal Society. This quickening influence
has been and, we trust, may long be maintained by a close association with
you, by the community of Fellowship which exists between your Society and
ours, and by the kindred ideals and aspirations which animate us both.
Signed on behalf of the Chemical Society:

PERCY F. FRANKLAND, President.
ALEXANDER SCOTT, Treasurer.
ARTHUR W. CROSSLEY }
SAMUEL SMILES )A

HORACE T. BROWN, Foreign Secretary.

Sealed in Council this Twentieth Day of June, One Thousand Nine
Hundred and Twelve.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

SOCIETATI REGIAE SOCIETAS ENTOMOLOGICA LONDINENSIS S. P. D. — Benevole
a vobis invitati, ut unum aliquem nostrum delegemus, qui natalicia vestra
vobiscum celebret, munus hoc vel potius honorem Praesidi nostro, qui nunc
est, contulimus, mandavimusque ei ut, epistolae huius testimonio, vobis
declaret, nostrum omnium in votis esse ut Societas vestra virorum illustrium
— sapientiae doctrinaeque Britannicae iam per tot annos decus et tutamen —
felicitate, gloria, denique rebus omnibus optabilibus, magis magisque semper

H 2

100 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

floreat, utque indagatio ac scientia rerum physicarum (quo ex fonte unum
quasi rivulum fluentem Sodalitas nostra, quantum potest, consectari amat)
patrocinio et favore vestro adiuvari nunquam desinat. Valete.

F. D. MORICE, Praeses.

A. HUGH JONES ] T,

\ Vzce-Praes.
JNO. HARTLEY DURRANTj

JAMES J. WALKER ) ,

[Hon. Sec.
GEORGE WHEELER J

Datum Londini, mense lulio, MCMXII.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

REGIAE LONDINENSIUM SOCIETATI GEOLOGIC A LONDINENSIUM SOCIETAS S. P. D. —
Hodie, viri amplissimi, Regiae Londinensium Societati Societas Geologica
corde gratulatur ducentos quinquaginta annos summa cum laude confectos.
Occasionem auspicatam laeti arripimus confitendi quid nos potissimum
debeamus Almae Matri omnium fere collegiorum quae nunc apud Britannos
exstant arcana naturae explorandi causa. Ad origines vestrae Societatis
paulisper respicere liceat. Videtisne ut ex illo philosophorum globo, qui id
temporis congressi sunt inquisitionem rerum physicarum promovendi causa,
nata sit indagatio ista subterraneorum aenigmatum (eorum praecipue quae ad
interius orbis terrarum tegumentum spectant) quae luce clarius edocuit arcana
naturae, non modo in re geologica, verum etiam in unaquaque scientiae
provincia, congregationibus indagantium et partitione operis potius quam
singulorum investigatorum ope in lucem esse proferenda ? lam centum abhinc
annos nos fratres geologici domicilio, ut ita dicam, proprio utimur ; gratis
tamen animis ad Almam Matrem nutricemque respicimus. Cui nostrum non
surgunt cristae quum secum reputet matris nostrae cordi esse quae ipsi penitus
investigare propositum habemus ? Quis non superbit quod tu, vir amplissime,
quern nos fratrem commilitonemque in nostra militia salutamus, in sellam
praesidialem huius velut praetorii scientiarum, contubernalium suffrages,
accitus es ? Societas Regia optime de Republica merita est, quippe quae
ubique ardorem indagandi turn genuerit turn stimulaverit. O si quae laus
earn saeculis superioribus prosecuta est, ea per ventura saecula splendore baud
imminuto illustret !

AUBREY STRAHAN, Praeses.

A. SMITH WOODWARD \SecretariL
HERBERT H. THOMAS J

BEDFORD McNEILL, Thesaurarius.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 101

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND MUSEUM OF
PRACTICAL GEOLOGY, LONDON

ADDRESS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE MUSEUM
OF PRACTICAL GEOLOGY TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. — The Geological
Survey of Great Britain and the Museum of Practical Geology desire to take
their part in the congratulatiops which are being offered by the whole civilized
world to the Royal Society of London on the attainment of its two hundred
and fiftieth Anniversary. To the influence of the Society in carrying out its
vocation of improving Natural Knowledge, the growth of the science of
Geology was chiefly due for nearly a century and a half, and though now for
upwards of a hundred years geologists have found other homes, they can never
forget that the Royal Society is the parent of all scientific institutions in the
British Dominions. The Geological Survey and Museum are proud to
remember that all their Directors and many other members of their staff have
been Fellows of the Royal Society, and more especially that a former Director
General now occupies the Presidential Chair. Being well aware of the great
work performed by the Society not only in original research in every branch
of science but in advising the State on scientific matters, in administering
funds for the furtherance of research, and in investigations leading to the
improvement of man's position upon the earth, it is the fervent wish of these
Institutions that the Royal Society of London may long continue its eminently
distinguished and useful career.

J. J. H. TEALL, Director

July, 1912.

INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, LONDON

THE President, Council, and Fellows of the INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND have great pleasure in offering to the President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London their sincere and hearty
congratulations on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary
of the incorporation of the Society. The Institute of Chemistry desires to be
associated with Academies, Learned Societies, and all Scientific Institutions in
rejoicing that the Royal Society which justly takes precedence as the parent
of all our Scientific Societies, has with such marked success upheld the world-
wide prestige of Science generally, and that throughout the two and a half
centuries of its existence the great objects of its founders have been faithfully
maintained to the honour of this country, and to the everlasting benefit of the
cause of civilization and humanity at large. In the domain of Chemistry, no
less than in other branches of Science, the Royal Society has fostered the

102 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

progress of Learning and Research. The Institute recalls with pride that
from its foundation in 1877 its Register has borne the names of no less than
106 Fellows of the Royal Society, while at the present time 48 Fellows of the
Institute enjoy that distinction. It is the earnest hope of the Institute that
the Royal Society may continue its career with undiminished vigour and
success and that the great traditions of its past history may be carried on by
future generations of its Fellows.
This 15th day of July, 1912.

RAPHAEL MELDOLA, President.
WILLIAM A. TILDEN
GEORGE BEILBY

FRANK CLOWES ^-Presidents.

GEORGE McGOWAN
JOHN MILLAR THOMSON
ALEXANDER PEDLER

ALFRED GORDON SALAMON, Hon. Treasurer.
RICHARD B.PILCHER, Registrar and Secretary.

INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, LONDON

To THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
Greeting. — The President and Council of the INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERS offer their congratulations to the Royal Society on the completion
of the two hundred and fiftieth year of its existence. They are happy to
recall how much the Royal Society has done since the days of Robert Boyle
and Francis Hauksbee to promote the discovery of electrical phenomena and
of the laws of electricity and magnetism. They will ever remember the
additions to electrical knowledge due to Sir Isaac Newton, Stephen Gray,
Benjamin Franklin, Joseph Priestley, Abraham Bennet, Sir Humphry Davy,
Michael Faraday, John Frederick Daniell, Sir William Grove, Sir Francis
Ronalds, James Prescott Joule, Sir Charles Wheatstone, John Tyndall,
Latimer Clarke, David Edward Hughes, Lord Kelvin, James Clerk Maxwell,
John Hopkinson, George Francis FitzGerald, William Edward Ayrton, and
other Fellows of the Royal Society. They express the hope that the Royal
Society may enjoy unbroken prosperity, and may continue to promote the
progress of electrical science.

On behalf of the Institution, the XVI day of July, MDCCCCXH.

S. Z. DE FERRANTI, President.

W. DUDDELL, President Elect.

P. F. ROWELL, Secretary.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 103

IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE, LONDON

INSTITUTI FERRI ET CHALYBIS PRAESES ET CONCILIUM ET Socn PRAESIDI ET CON-
CILIO ET SODALIBUS SociETATis REGALis Salutem. — Fausta oblata occasione, quod
natalem diem doctissimae vestrae Societatis annos iam CCL constitutae
celebrandum statuistis, antiquissimae et illustrissimae omnium in hac patria
nostra societatum, quae Scientiae Naturali promovendae studuerunt, nos laeti
et pietate affecti, cum ceteris huiusce generis societatibus, parenti nostrae
insigni et dilectae gratulationem non simulatam agimus, et vota conferimus ut
stabilita in annos floreat et praevalescat.

Datum Londinii, Id. lul. MCMXII et manu nostra et signo confirmatum.

ARTHUR COOPER, Praeses.
G. C. LLOYD, Secretarius.

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON desires to present its congratulations to
the Royal Society of London on the celebration of the two hundred and
fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation, on the completion of a period which
has witnessed so vast a development of the Sciences, and on the noble part
which the Society itself has borne in this boundless ' Improvement of Natural
Knowledge \ The Linnean Society rejoices to recall, not only the many who
have been and are on the Rolls of both Societies, thereby constituting links
between the two, but also that Sir Joseph Banks, who took a large part in the
foundation of the Linnean Society, presided for forty- one years over the Royal
Society, and that the great Swedish naturalist whose name is borne by the
Linnean Society, was also a Foreign Member of the Royal Society.

Given under the Common Seal of the Society this Twentieth day of
June, 1912.

EDWARD B. POULTON, President.
B. DAYDON JACKSON

OTTO STAPF
GILBERT C. BOURNE

'Secretaries.

PRAESIDI SODALIBUSQUE ILLUSTRISSIMAE SOCIETATIS REGALIS REGENTES,
PROFESSORES, STUDIOSI IN COLLEGIO QUOD LISTER INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE APPELLATUR S. P. D. — Libenter, viri doctissimi, litteras vestras
accepimus necnon summa erga vos voluntate quod, tot annis rite peractis in

104

arcanis Naturae exquirendis, Sodalitatem vestram praeclaram, fortunatis
auspiciis conditam, tanta prudentia perfectam, celebrare velitis, Societati
Regali pro temporis opportunitate gratulamur. Nos qui sub auspiciis Lister
(hominis praeclarissimi et quondam Sodalitatis vestrae praesidis) abditas
causas, in quibus requiritur ex quibus principiis nostra corpora sint, quid
secundam quid adversam valetudinem faciat, patefacere laboramus, haud
immemores sumus illorum tam praeclarorum virorum, Boyle, Mayow, Hales,
Jenner, Young quorum nomina cum multis aliis necnon illustribus in fastis
Societatis vestrae inscripta sunt. Tanto desiderio, tanta in vos benevolentia
vehementer commoti, virum bonum, doctissimum HENRICUM ROSCOE equitem,
per multos annos Concilio nostro praepositum, qui ipse praesens ad nostram
amicitiam praestandam feriis vestris intersit, legatum destinavimus. Floreat
in aeternum Societas Regalis penitus dilecta honoribus novis novisque inceptis

HENRY E. ROSCOE, Praeses.

J. LUARD PATTISSON, Aerario Praefectus.

CHARLES J. MARTIN, Director.

MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

THE LONDON MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, of whose duty it is part to elaborate
the instrument without which all pursuit of Natural Knowledge must finally
be futile, desires to offer humble congratulations on the attainment of her
two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary to the Royal Society. That this
Society may ever continue to be imbued with the reverent and enthusiastic
desire to unravel the secrets of Nature which has characterized all her most
distinguished Fellows, and may ever hold herself in readiness, untrammelled
by any too intimate relations with other institutions, to take her rightful
place in succeeding times of Renaissance, is the prayer of all the special
societies who own her pre-eminence. On behalf of the London Mathematical
Society :

H. F. BAKER, President.

July 16, 1912.

MERCERS' COMPANY, LONDON

To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. — THE
MERCERS^ COMPANY OF LONDON desire to offer to you the President, Council, and
Fellows of the Royal Society their sincere congratulations on the occurrence
of the 250th Anniversary of the incorporation of your Society, whose history
from its commencement has been an uninterrupted and glorious succession
of conquests over Nature, conquests differing from other conquests in that they

105

have been achieved, not by resistance to Nature, but by an ever increasing
knowledge of and obedience to her laws. It is a further subject for
congratulation that the true method by which these results have been
achieved, the method of experiment and test, which was from the first laid
down by your Society, was truly laid, and has since been universally acknow-
ledged. We acknowledge also the large share which, on a survey of your
successes, must be attributed to the principle represented by the words which
you have adopted as your motto and have so greatly fortified in action, the
principle of the independence of the human intellect. We acknowledge it with
the more gratitude, since in supporting that principle you have conferred
benefits on mankind not limited to the particular subjects which you have
made more especially your own. We know, from the account which has been
preserved, the ideas which actuated the founders of your Society, and it is very
fitting that we of the present day, who can judge by the event the value of
those ideas, should join with you in celebrating, and render our respectful
homage to, the memory of those gifted men who formulated the principles and
laid down the lines of your work, though they could only prophetically foresee
the grandeur of the results to follow. May the Royal Society long continue
its glorious career to the increase of true knowledge, the honour of our nation,
and the welfare and happiness of the whole human race.

HORACE CULLEN, Master.
July, 1912.

MlNERALOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

SOCIETAS MINERALOGICA SociETATi REGALi S. P. D. — Gratulamur Societati
vestrae quod annos ducentos et quinquaginta ab origine vestra feliciter
peractos mox estis celebraturi. Simul maximas gratias agimus quod scientias
illas quae ad terrae structuram mineralem pertinent auxilio vestro et hortatione
semper fovistis.

W. J. LEWIS, Praeses.
W.P. BE ALE, Thesaurensis.
GEORGE T. PRIOR, Secretarius.

Datum Londini, die XVIII mensis lunii, MCMXII.

PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

SOCIETATIS PHARMACEUTICAE MAGNAE BRITANNIAE PRAESES, CONCILIUM,
SODALES SOCIETATI REGALI Salutem. — Gratulamur animo quam amicissimo
Societati vestrae illustrissimae doctissimaeque natalem ducentesimum quinqua-
gesimum celebranti, speramusque fore ut ita in posteros annos floreat ut cumu-

106 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

latis quae iam antea laudanda effecit, rerum naturae scientiam proferat atque
augeat, totiusque human! generis utilitatibus serviat. Illud quoque nobis
pergratum est recordari, quod Gulielmus ille Allen, qui primus fuit Societatis
Pharmaceuticae anno MDCCCXLI praeses, et ipse Societatis Regalis sodalis
fuit, quodque Societas Regalis semper et sua opera et aliis incitandis magno
fuit adiumento Societati nostrae, per hos septuaginta annos id agenti ut
artium chemicae et pharmaceuticae scientia apud Britannos amplificaretur.
Datum Londinii, die III mensis Iulii, MCMXII^pro Societate Pharmaceutica
Magnae Britanniae.

CHAS. B. ALLEN, Praeses.

PHYSICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. — Many
illustrious names have been inscribed on the roll of the Royal Society during
the 250 years which have elapsed since its foundation ; but none have added
a greater lustre to the fame of the Society and to the glory of their country
than those of the men who devoted themselves to the study of Physics.
Newton firmly planted the Tree of Science, Young, Joule, Faraday, Maxwell,
Stokes, and Lord Kelvin have spread its branches in many directions. May
we, therefore, — a young Society specially devoted to the study of Physics — pay
our warm tribute of regard and affection to the parent body whose members
have laid the foundation on which we are trying to build ! May the record
of the Royal Society be as glorious in the future as it has been in the past,
and may she continue to possess the confidence and admiration of all who seek
the advancement of Natural Knowledge ! On behalf of the PHYSICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON :

ARTHUR SCHUSTER, President.

W. DUDDELL, Treasurer.
SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, Foreign Secretary.
W. R. COOPER ) 0
S. W.J. SMITH \Secreta™s'
June, 1912.

ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, LONDON

To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
— We, the President, Council, and Fellows of the ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL
INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, desire to offer to you our hearty
congratulations on the occasion of the completion of the two hundred and
fiftieth year of your glorious history. Your Society has during that long
period been the centre of scientific thought, the home of the most illustrious
workers and discoverers in science, the representative throughout the world

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 107

of British scientific research and the constant and trusted adviser and almoner
of the Crown and the Government of the country in respect of all matters
relating to the progress of Science. Our Institute has less than seventy years1
record to look back upon, for the Ethnological Society of London, which forms
part of it, was founded in 1843, and the Anthropological Society of London,
which forms the other part of it, in 1863. The two Societies were combined in
1871, and it is to one who conferred lustre on your Society, our then President,
Thomas Henry Huxley, that that happy combination was due. We have
owed much to other great men who, belonging to your body, have devoted
themselves especially to the work of Anthropological Science, and have
presided over our Institute. Among these are George Busk, Francis Galton,
John Evans, John Beddoe, Augustus Franks, Augustus Pitt-Rivers, Daniel
Cunningham, and others who are departed, as well as Lord Avebury, Alexan-
der Macalister, Edward Burnet Tylor, and other distinguished members of
your body who happily remain with us. It is to one of the ornaments of your
Society — Charles Darwin — that the science of Anthropology owes its most
powerful inspiration. The Origin of Species and the Descent of Man
gave a new impulse and direction to the students of our science and formed
for them a fresh starting-point for laborious and fruitful investigation. We
have for many years felt the assured conviction that your body, as the
acknowledged leaders of scientific thought, had the most complete sympathy
with our work ; that you viewed the growing development of it with cordial
satisfaction ; and that you had thus contributed much towards its successful
prosecution. It is accordingly with a special feeling of gratification that we
have deputed our President, Dr. A. P. MAUDSLA,Y, to be our representative at
the Celebration of your auspicious Anniversary and to present to you in our
name this our Address of Congratulation.

ALFRED P. MAUDSLAY.

Dated the llth day of June, 1912.

ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

WE, the President, Vice-Presidents, and Council of the ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL
SOCIETY, desire to offer our most hearty congratulations to the Royal Society on
the celebration of the 250th Anniversary of its foundation. We would testify
to the unceasing efforts of the Royal Society to promote the advancement of
Natural Knowledge, which have eminently contributed to the present remark-
able development of the sciences and their application to technical and
industrial arts. Particularly do we desire to acknowledge the beneficial
influence of the Royal Society on the study of Astronomy evidenced by the
large number of important memoirs on Astronomical Science found in its
publications. We note with pride the long roll of distinguished Astronomers

108 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

who have been Fellows of the Society ; and we are mindful that it was the
extensive progress of Astronomy made in Great Britain under the encourage-
ment of the Royal Society, which led to the formation of the Royal Astro-
nomical Society. We are confident that the Royal Society will in the future,
as in the past, continue to exercise the same fostering and effective influence
upon the progress and development of all branches of Natural Knowledge.

F. W. DYSON, President.
ARTHUR R. HINKS, Secretary.
June 1

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

To THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, FROM THE PRESIDENT
AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. Gentlemen, — On behalf
of the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, and as representing the
Fellows, I desire to convey to you our warmest congratulations on the occasion
of the celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the foundation of your Society.
It would be superfluous for me to point out the claims which the Royal
Society possesses upon the admiration and gratitude of all who have the
interests of scientific progress at heart. Through long years it was the only
Institution in this country devoted to the encouragement and publication of the
results of scientific research on purely disinterested lines, and without any hope
of reward, except the satisfaction which follows the successful search for truth.
The most illustrious names in all departments of Science have been connected
with the Royal Society from its foundation. From the very first every serious
research into any of the many aspects of the universe was welcomed by the
Society, and the results were impartially considered. In time, and largely due
to the action of the Royal Society, this work of scientific research became so
multifarious that other Societies grew up alongside the parent Society, and
co-operated in the common object of seeking after the truth, and attempting
to interpret the phenomena of the universe. In past generations the subject
with which the Society is directly concerned had its fair share of attention at
the hands of the Royal Society, many of whose Fellows were specialists in
Geography ; and the influence and example of the Royal Society have not been
without their effect in inducing British geographers to apply scientific methods
in an ever increasing degree to their own department of research. In
pursuing its work the Royal Society has rendered eminent services to the
Empire and to the world, and we confidently hope that in the future it will
continue to occupy the commanding position in Science which it has attained
in the past. On behalf of the Council and Fellows of the Royal Geographical
Society, I am, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant,

CURZON OF KEDLESTON, President R.G.S.

109

ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN, LONDON

THE MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN congratulate
the Royal Society of London on the occasion of the celebration of its two
hundred and fiftieth Anniversary, and wish the Society all prosperity and

success in the future.

DONALD W. C. HOOD,

Delegate of the Royal Institution of Great Britain.

21 Albemarle Street, London, W.
July 16th, 1912.

ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

To THE ROYAL SOCIETY, LONDON. — WE, THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE
ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, desire to offer to the Royal Society our sincere
congratulations on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of
its foundation. We are deeply sensible of the pre-eminent position which the
Royal Society has always held in the promotion of natural knowledge, and of
the beneficial influence it has exerted upon the advancement of learning and
also upon the scientific development of the technical and industrial arts, by its
unceasing efforts. We recognize with especial satisfaction the support which
the Royal Society has afforded to the science of Meteorology, as exemplified
particularly in the labours of the Meteorological Committee. Many names
eminent in meteorological science occur in the Roll of Fellowship of the
Royal Society, and the published records of the Society contain numerous
contributions of outstanding importance to our knowledge of the mechanics
and physics of the atmosphere. In congratulating the Royal Society upon
a long and brilliant record of past achievement we are assured that it will
continue in the future to take an equally important part in the progress of
all branches of science.

Given under the Seal of the Society, June 19th, 1912.

H. N. DICKSON, President.

FRANCIS CAMPBELL-BAYARD) 0

W. F. CABORNE ^Secretaries.

THE COUNCIL AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY have
commissioned HENRY GEORGE PLIMMER, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and
their own President, to act as their Delegate at the 250th Anniversary of the
foundation of the Royal Society. They have desired him to convey the

110 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

heartiest greetings and congratulations of one of the younger of its daughters
to the Royal Society on this the occasion of its 250th Anniversary, and thus
to testify to the honour and respect in which they hold the great Mother
of the Learned Societies. Signed on behalf of the Royal Microscopical
Society, by

H. G. PLIMMER, President.

WYNNE E. BAXTER, Treasurer.
JNO. EYRE

F. SHILLINGTON SCALES fSecretanes-

ROYAL SOCIETY OF ARTS, LONDON

THE ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES,
AND COMMERCE welcomes the opportunity which has been afforded to it of
offering its warm congratulations and best wishes to the Royal Society on
the 250th Anniversary of its foundation. Among the many services which
the Royal Society has rendered to this country and to Science in general,
one — not the least — has been that in proportion as the increase of knowledge
has rendered necessary special and separate study of each branch of in-
vestigation, the Society has been instrumental in the formation of fresh
Associations for this purpose, while itself maintaining a general interest in
the whole field of progress and discovery. The Society of Arts, in whose
foundation a century and a half ago several Fellows of the Royal Society
took a prominent part, has from its commencement looked to the Royal
Society as the parent of such Associations in this country, no less than the
model for similar combinations abroad, and congratulates itself on the close
connexion between the two Societies, which has been maintained throughout
its existence by the presence in its ranks of many distinguished Fellows of
the Royal Society. The Council have had pleasure in deputing their CHAIRMAN
to represent them among the distinguished crowd of Delegates who have
come from all countries of the world to take part in the celebration of this
auspicious Anniversary, and they desire to express their earnest hope that
the future may have in store for the first and greatest of English Scientific
Societies achievements no less illustrious and beneficial to mankind than those
which are recorded in its past history. Sealed with the Seal of the Royal
Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce in the
presence of .

SANDERSON, Chairman of the Council.

H. T. WOOD, Secretary to the Society.
5th November, 1912.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 111

ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE, LONDON

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE. — The President, Council, and Fellows
of the Royal Society of Medicine very heartily congratulate the President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society on the completion of two hundred
and fifty years spent in the execution of the very important duties with which
it is entrusted. A Society which has for its object the improvement of the
Art and Science of Medicine in all its branches, towards which improvement
the advancement in knowledge in various other Sciences so largely contributes,
cannot but take the warmest interest in the continued prosperity and use-
fulness of the Royal Society, especially as there were among the original
members of that Society several Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
of London, and as moreover several of its Presidents have been Fellows
either of that College or of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. In
former times when the power of Analysis had outrun the means of obtaining
knowledge, natural Philosophy and Metaphysics and the analysis of Sense
and the analysis of Thought were hopelessly confused by the attempt to
solve them, not through an appeal to facts, but by the help of general
theories respecting the nature of the Universe. In the philosophy of
Antiquity the meaning of the word 'Science' could scarcely be explained
to students, except from the mathematical sciences, which alone offered the
type of Universality and Certainty. Geometry was regarded as the pro-
paedeutic to philosophy. Somewhat of this view perhaps lingered at the
time when those who afterwards gave birth to the Royal Society had 'a
designe of founding a Colledge for the promoting of Physico-Mathematicall-
Experimentall Learning '. But the Royal Society — having arisen out of the
'Invisible College1 of which Boyle the disciple of Francis Bacon (both of
imperishable fame) speaks in sundry letters, having been granted a Charter
on July 15th, 1662, by Charles II, mathematical pupil of Hobbes, and
having adopted as its title the name first applied to it by the celebrated
diarist Evelyn — directed its inquiries, particularly, to what was then called
the ' New Philosophy ' or ' Experimental Philosophy ' ' for the improving of
natural knowledge by experiments \ True to its origin • and history, the
Royal Society still elects Princes of the Blood, and persons selected by the
Council from among men distinguished in walks of life other than Science ;
whilst by the restrictions made during the presidency of Sir Joseph Banks,
and subsequently, the number of Candidates recommended for election has
been limited to fifteen annually. Concurrently with this restriction of the
Fellowship, Science has grown enormously ; and as a consequence, other
Scientific Societies have been established, some under the auspices of several
Fellows of the Royal Society and by Royal Charter, some independently of
either of these advantages, but all active in the promotion of special branches

112 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

of Science. The Royal Society is 144 years younger than the Royal
College of Physicians of London, but it is the oldest exclusively scientific
body in Great Britain, and one of the oldest in Europe. That it may
continue in the successful performance of its various functions as the promoter
of scientific investigations and researches, as the adviser of the Government
in connexion with national scientific works, and as the administrator of
Government grants and trust funds for experiments and for the publication
not only of its own invaluable Transactions and Proceedings but also of
scientific papers issued through other channels, is the earnest wish of the
Royal Society of Medicine, which shares with other learned bodies the honour
and special pleasure of taking part in the festivities of this Commemoration.

HENRY MORRIS, President.
July 15th, 1912.

ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. — WE, THE
PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL, representing the general body of Fellows of THE
ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY, desire to present to the President, Council, and
Fellows of the Royal Society on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth
Anniversary of its foundation, our sincere congratulations and greetings.
We are proud to claim association with your illustrious Society, not only
because in the pursuit of exact knowledge we look to you for guidance and
inspiration, but also because since the earliest days the Royal Statistical
' Society has received the active support of many who are eminent in Science.
We recall with satisfaction that among the great names which adorn your
roll are included those of many of our Presidents, while other Fellows of our
Society intimately associated with our aims and activities, have added to
their distinction as Statisticians the lustre of the Fellowship of the Royal
Society. Among our Presidents the names of Lord John Russell, Lord
Houghton, William Newmarch, Dr. William Farr, Dr. Guy, Lord Goschen,
Sir Robert Giffen, Lord Avebury are prominent ; while our list of Treasurers
includes Henry Hallam and George Richardson Porter. It is of interest also
to record that Charles Richard Weld, the historian of the Royal Society, was
at one time Assistant Secretary to the Royal Statistical Society. On the
maintenance of your high traditions and the continuance of your labours
depend in a large degree the future welfare and greatness of our nation.
Now more than ever must your researches, by their breadth, by their
penetration, by their originality, give an impulse to the force and variety
of our national life. Great, however, as is your national mission, there is
a greater still ; for Science recognizes no geographical frontiers nor is
national advancement alone its incentive. Your high ideals touch the
welfare of all mankind, and your labours are illumined by the whole

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 113

firmament of Knowledge. It is because, in our more modest sphere of work,
we too are guided by the same standards and inspired by the same ideals
that we offer our sincere congratulations on this memorable occasion.

Given under the Common Seal of The Royal Statistical Society, llth
July, 1912.

F. Y. EDGEWORTH, President.
RICHARD B. MARTIN, Treasurer.

R. H. REW |

G. UDNY YULE [Honorary Secretaries.
A. W. FLUX

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON

THE COUNCIL AND FELLOWS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON send
greetings to the Royal Society. They have commissioned SIR HERBRAND
ARTHUR RUSSELL, DUKE OF BEDFORD, Knight of the Most Honourable Order of
the Garter, Fellow of the Royal Society, and their own President, to act as their
delegate at the celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the foundation of
the Royal Society and to testify to the honour and respect in which they hold
this great instrument for the advancement of natural knowledge. Signed for
the Council of the Zoological Society of London :

BEDFORD, President.

P. CHALMERS MITCHELL, Secretary.
July 15, 1912.

To THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. — WE, THE PRESIDENT

AND COUNCIL OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE,

offer our cordial congratulations to the Royal Society on the occasion of the
celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of
the Society. The British Association, since its birth in 1851, has been
constantly in close relations with the Society. The great majority, not only
of those who took the leading parts in the foundation of the Association, but
of those who have filled its presidential chair, besides many others to whose
earnest co-operation the success of its Annual Meetings has been due, have
been Fellows of the Society. We would express the hope that the Society
may continue to prosper, and may always maintain that pre-eminent position
which is the fitting reward of its labours. Signed on behalf of the Council :

WILLIAM RAMSAY, President.
July, 1912.

114 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

WHEREAS on the eighth day of January of the year 1912 the President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society invited the President and Council
of the CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY to send a representative to be
in London on the fifteenth day of July following at the celebration to be then
held of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of the
Royal Society, now the President and Council of the Cambridge Philosophical
Society hereby appoint their President, SIR GEORGE HOWARD DARWIN, Knight
Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Plumian Professor of
Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy in the University of Cambridge, and
Fellow of Trinity College in the same University, to be their representative
on this occasion and to bear to the President, Council, and Fellows of the
Royal Society their felicitations on the long-continued and illustrious services
to science of the Society. The Fellows of the Philosophical Society desire to
avail themselves of the present opportunity of expressing their pride in the
fact that, from the days of Newton, members of the University of Cambridge
and in later times of their Society have always borne an important part in the
beneficent work of the Royal Society.

Sealed this sixth day of July, 1912.

G. H. DARWIN, President.

E. W. BARNES, Secretary.

MANCHESTER LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

PRAESIDI CONSILIO SODALIBUS SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI
PROMOVENDA ANNUM CCL SUUM FELICITER CELEBRANTIS S. P. D. SOCIETAS
LITTERARIA EX PniLosopHiCA MANCUNiENsis. — Etsi vix omnibus persuadebit
poeta qui censebat

in magnis et voluisse sat est>

tamen cum praeclaros Societatis vestrae annales per tot iam saecula florentis
spectemus, nostrae certe non ingrata laus erit si quis nos voluisse iudicaverit,
quantum quidem intra provinciam nostram fieri posset, insistere vestigiis
vestris. Nee sine gloria quadam propria nobis, qui usque ad hunc diem
Daltonii illius domum habitamus, recordari licet et Daltonium ipsum et
loulium — quibus quae nomina in rebus physicis magis illustria ? — communes
socios vestri et nostri corporis fuisse, nee non inter nos, ut inter familiares suos,
aliquanto prius reperta sua quemque esse confesses. Nonne enim, ut cecinit
Salomo, 'ceu ferrum ferro, sic ab amico exacuitur amici facies1? Nos certe si
quid unquam boni in medium conferre vel poterimus vel potuimus, inde id

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 115

nobis contigerit quod vestro exemplo instincti doctos viros et naturae
investigatores singulos ac solos laborare non patimur, sed in sociorum convivia,
in rationis commercia attrahere conamur. Sit de nobis quoque dictum, ut a
Vergilio olim cum Roma Mantuam comparante,

sic canibus catuli similes, sic matribus haedi,

dummodo quis hoc pro certo habeat nos haedos, quanquam iam et ipsi per
centum et triginta annorum cursum saltavimus, victorias ac triumphos vestros,
velut parentis, summo semper gaudio revereri, feriasque vestras hoc tempore
laetissime celebrare. Et in tanto hoc populo, cuius necessitates in dies acrius
Scientiae exauctae opem ante omnia implorant, diu vobis excitare ac ducere
liceat magnum istum exercitum quaerentium veritatem. Horum ergo votorum
nuntium, Praesidem nostrum dilectum, artis botanicae acerrimum Professorem,
FREDERICUM ERNESTUM WEISS, a vobis benigne vocati delegavimus qui vobis
ipse laetantibus laetitiam nostram repraesentet.

F. E. WEISS, Praeses.
R. L. TAYLOR
GEORGE

Datum Mancunii, ex aedibus Daltonianis, Kal. lul. MDCCCCXII.

ASHMOLEAN NATURAL HlSTORY SOCIETY OF OXFORDSHIRE

THE ASHMOLEAN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF OXFORDSHIRE sends heartiest
congratulations to the Royal Society on the celebration of the 250th
Anniversary of its foundation. It begs to express its profound admiration
for the great part the Royal Society has played in the extensive development
of Natural Knowledge, and in the enormous advancement of the beneficial and
industrial Arts, during those 250 years, and thanks the Royal Society for
the stimulus and encouragement it has always afforded to other Societies,
throughout the Empire, by its splendid example in the field of research. For
these reasons the Ashmolean Natural History Society of Oxfordshire, thus
named in memory of Elias Ashmole, one of the earliest Fellows of the Royal
Society, desires herewith to offer its humble homage and greeting.

ARTHUR A. RAMBAUT, President and Delegate.

To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. — THE
PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY offer to the
Royal Society their most hearty congratulations on the attainment of the two
hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation and have nominated to

i 2

116 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

represent them on this happy occasion RUDOLPH MESSEL, their President. At
no time in the history of experimental science has there been any hard and fast
line dividing science from its applications, and the President and Council of
the Society of Chemical Industry recognize with pride that among the Fellows
of the Royal Society have been found some of the most brilliant examples the
world has seen of the genius which, while it seeks and grasps the highest
generalizations, is at the same time intensely alive to the applications of
science in arts and manufactures. As the oldest chartered scientific society in
this country and the mother of many daughter societies, the Royal Society
rouses the sympathy and admiration of all followers of applied science
throughout the world. The Society of Chemical Industry cannot forget that
it owed much of its early success to the timely support of Fellows of the Royal
Society : the Right Honourable Sir Henry Roscoe, its first President ; Sir
Frederick Abel, Sir Lowthian Bell, Sir William Perkin, Sir William Siemens,
Dr. Angus Smith, Mr. Walter Weldon, Prof. A. W. Williamson, and Dr.
James Young, its first Vice-Presidents ; and Capt. W. de W. Abney, Sir
William Crookes, Dr. Peter Griess, and Dr. Hermann Sprengel, Members of its
first Council. When the Society of Chemical Industry opened its doors to men
of every country and every race, the Royal Society at once welcomed this
manifestation of the brotherhood of Science, and marked its appreciation of the
great importance of such international exchanges of courtesy and scientific
opinion by the new departure of a reception to the Society and its members
who had come across the sea. In industrial production the gain of one nation
may be the loss of another, but the victories of science stand alone in that
there is no enemy to vanquish but ignorance, and its conquests are for the gain
and enrichment of the whole human race. The increased power over nature
won by the work of Davy and Faraday, of Rumford, and of Rutherford gives
no exclusive gain to any one country. The Royal Society and the Society
of Chemical Industry have a common object in improving and increasing
natural knowledge, and the future condition of mankind, both intellectually
and materially, depends upon the growth and activity of scientific Societies.
The organized and systematic application of science to industry is still far
from complete. The Society of Chemical Industry looks to the Royal Society
to continue to bestow upon its work the interest and encouragement which
have been so fully granted in the past. In wishing for the Royal Society
continued and increasing prosperity, the President and Council trust that the
cordial relations existing between the Societies may be maintained and result
in a more extended co-operation.

RUDOLPH MESSEL, President.
THOMAS TYRER, Treasurer.
CHAELES G. CRESSWELL, Secretary.

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 117

SCOTLAND

UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN

SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI COXCILIO SODALIBUS UNIVERSITAS ABERDONENSIS
Salutem. — Societatem Regalem praeclarissimam per annos fere ducentos quin-
quaginta durasse omnibus saltern quotquot minimara scientiam habent probe
notum est. Neque iustum esset si talis occasio silentio praetermitteretur, prae-
sertim ab Universitatibus Britannicis. Per ea enim quae ad inlustrandam
rerum naturam sodales vestri contulerunt doctrina nostra quotannis increbruit.
Nos vero, qui adulescentes informare conamur, oblivisci nequimus vos semper
quicquid boni operis in eorum studiis inveneritis summopere fovisse, et eodem
tempore quinque professores nostros inter vestros socios esse adscriptos
gloriari oportet. Itaque summa voluptate Vice-Cancellarium nostrum, virum
admodum reverendum, GEORGIUM ADAM SMITH, D.D., LL.D., Litt. D., qui
gaudium nostrum praesentia sua testetur, legare constituimus.

STRATHCONA, Cancellarius.
Datum Aberdoniae, vicesimo quinto die mensis lunii, MCMXII.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH

SOCIETATI REGALI S. P. D. UNIVERSITAS ACADEMICA EDINBURGENSIS. — Societa-
tem Regalem cum ceteris ubique Universitatibus nos quoque, Universitas
Edinburgensis, iam pridem veneramur et magni facimus, ut omnis Scientiae
praeclarissimam inventricem et altricem. Multarum ilia quidem instar
Universitatum est, multa in fastis suis nomina habet eorum virorum qui
maximo ingenio praediti, veritatis investigandae acerrimi cultores, plurimum
generi humano profuerint, Newton, Humphry Davy, Faraday, Darwin,
Lister, Kelvin, ut pauca tantum et praecellentia e multis enumeremus. Annum
ducentesimum quinquagesimum ita implevit Societas vestra ut nullo saeculo
quicquam magni in Scientia novatum et in melius provectum sit cuius ilia expers
fuerit. Videmus haud minus hodie florentem quam his tot annis praeteritis,
diuque ut floreat optamus : diu rerum naturam indagantibus viam praemonstret
novosque ad nova incepta animos inspiret; sint futuris quoque temporibus
permulti qui digni sint ut in ordinem istum tarn praeclarum adscribantur.

WILHELMUS TURNER, Praeses.
L. J. GRANT, Secretarius Senatus Academki.
Dabamtis Edinburgi, mense lulio, anno Salutis Nostrae MGMXI1.

118 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW

AD SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDEM, CONCILIUM, SODALES. — UNIVERSITAS
GLASGUENSIS salutem sibi a vobis humanissime impertitam perlibenter reddit.
Et grato animo officii gratiam accipere iuvat, quod nos in consortium tantae
sollemnitatis vocare dignati estis, et eum praecipue ad vos legare cuius vel ex
auctoritate eluceat quanti honoris hunc diem habeamus. Magnus enim sane
ille dies qui quinquagesimum lustrum claudit ex quo nobile illud sapientum
sodalicium, iusti non sine libertate imperii instaurati specimen, regiis auspiciis
inchoatum est. Et proprium quoddam nobis gaudium inde percipere licet
quod illorum vestrorum luminum et satis multa et satis clara se educavisse
haec nostra academia profited potest. Placuit igitur vir. cl. DONALDUM
MACALISTER, Praesidem nostrum et Vicecancellarium, plurimarumque eundem
ipsum artium antistitem, vobis hisce litteris commendatum mittere, qui et
nostris verbis et suo iure vobis de amplissima qua adhuc floruistis laude et de
profectus venturi spe auspicatissima, praesens gratuletur.

Dabamus Glasguae, mens. lid. anno MCMX1I.

GEORGIUS MILLIGAN, Senates Academici Scriba.

UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS

SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO ET SODALIBUS UNIVERSITAS ANDREANA
S. P. D. — Non sine gaudio neque alieno a vobis animo acceperamus, viri
doctissimi et amicissimi, ferias vos hoc anno acturos esse natalicias Societatis
vestrae ducentesinias quinquagesimas, quibus ut intersit legavimus Scientiarum
Facultatis nostrae Decanum, IACOBUM COLQUHOUN IRVINE, Scientiae Chemicae
Professorem. Scilicet vix ullam Universitatem esse arbitramur quae benevolen-
tius magisque ex animo Societatem vestram salutare debeat, cum apud nos
litteris et philosophiae operam dederit Robertus Murray qui primus vobis
praefuit et quern Societatis vestrae Animam vir summus Christian. Huygens
appellavit. Nee defuerunt qui postera aetate e vestro numero apud nos quoque
de scientiis bene meruerint, e quibus iuvat nomina apponere Davidis Brewster,
Collegii S. Salvatoris et S. Leonardi apud Andreanos Praefecti, et Domini
Playfair de St. Andrews, qui quam diligenter in scientiis promovendis elabora-
rint omnibus notum est. Nihil dicimus de iis quos his temporibus e nostro
numero in vestram Societatem adscivistis, cum eos vobis satis cognitos et pro-
batos certo sciamus. Vetera sane inter vos nosque vincula sunt et studiorum
velut consanguinitas ; optamus igitur et precamur ut vestra Societas, sicut
adhuc floruit, haud minus in posterum floreat semper et vigescat.

IACOBUS DONALDSON, Vkecancellarius.
Dabamus Andreapoti, mense lulio, MCMXII.

CELEBKATION ADDRESSES 119

ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH

To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. — THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF THE
ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH desire to offer their congratulations to the
Royal Society of London upon the attainment of the two hundred and
fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation. Founded for the purpose of ' further
promoting by the authority of experiments the science of natural things and
of useful arts', the Royal Society of London has with increasing zeal and
power continued to fulfil its high calling, and commands in the world of
scientific endeavour a position peculiarly its own. The Royal Society of
Edinburgh recalls with pride and satisfaction that since its own foundation in
1783 there has always existed between the two Societies a close association,
based not only on community of aim and interests, but in great measure
also upon community of membership. Scientific men of eminence have served
on the Councils, and contributed to the publications", of both Societies ;
and each Society can claim the late Lord Kelvin as one of the most renowned
of its Presidents. At this time the personal connexion is happily exemplified
by the fact that the distinguished President of the Royal Society of London
has been a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh for fully half a century.
May the important work which the Royal Society of London has achieved
in the past be continued and extended, during many centuries to come, to
the furtherance of natural knowledge and the progress of humanity.

WM. TURNER, President.

C. G. KNOTT, Secretary.
July, 1912.

ROYAL PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF GLASGOW

THE ROYAL PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF GLASGOW TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF
LONDON FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF NATURAL KNOWLEDGE. — We, the Members
of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow, desire to express our gratifica-
tion at the courteous invitation to take part in celebrating the two hundred
and fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of the Royal Society of London,
and our heartiest congratulations on the uninterrupted and pre-eminently
fruitful activity of the Society over a period of such duration. Scientific
Societies and Learned Bodies of all nations are bound and indebted in many
ways to the Royal Society ; for leadership in scientific thought, for encour-
agement of research, and for an unsparing hand in the dissemination of
knowledge. Since its inception the history of the progress of the Royal
Society has been largely the history of the advancement of science : the long

120 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Roll of its Fellows bears the names of almost all the illustrious men of two
and a half centuries. Many of these we can recall whose names have adorned
our own Roll, and we cherish with peculiar satisfaction the recollection that
the late Lord Kelvin, during wellnigh sixty years, gave liberally of the
offspring of his great genius to forward the interests of both societies. We
also recall with pride that on the celebration of the Centenary of our Society
in 1902 we were honoured by a cordial greeting from the Royal Society — the
Mother and the Model of all the learned societies in the English-speaking
world. It is our earnest hope that the Royal Society may long continue,
with ever fresh ardour and increasing power, to carry on its great work for
the advancement of knowledge.

Signed on behalf of the Members of the Royal Philosophical Society of
Glasgow, this second day of July., Nineteen hundred and twelve.

JOHN GLAISTER, President.

IRELAND

UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN (TRINITY COLLEGE)

SOCIETATI REGIAE UNIVERSITAS DUBLINENSIS S. P. D. — Societas vestra, viri
doctissimi, quae rerum naturalium investigatoribus, tamquam sol, in regno
nostro lucem et calorem praebet, vim beneficam tamdiu et tarn efficaciter
exercet ut vix animo concipere possimus olim, neque multis abhinc annis si
vitam nationis quis consideret, earn non esse exortam. Sed cum invitatio
vestra benignissima venerat ut gaudii vestri participes essemus quo quartam
partem millennii naviter et feliciter peractam celebraturi estis, recordati sumus
quanta et qualia in brevi spatio animus excelsus, improbi laboris prodigus,
veritatis amore instinctus efficere possit. Gratis animis agnoscimus nullam
esse rerum naturae partem quae non manum adiutricem Societatis vestrae
senserit, sive quis ad extremes mundi fines iverit ut ad Arctoum polum via
pateret, sive maris altitudines rimatus sit ut quae ibi latitarent plantae atque
animalia cognoscerentur, sive ad coelum oculorum verterit obtutum ut transi-
tiones planetarum ibi dispicerentur. Quid ? opere vestro vetus cohors
febrium plane fugata est et morborum vis malefica sensim in dies debilitatur :
denique in omni genere laboris beneficentia vestra munere suo salutari semper
fungitur. Meminisse iuvat inter auctores Societatis vestrae fuisse Robertum
Boyle nostratem, multosque Hiberniae filios in Albo Sociorum vestrorum
inscriptos esse, inter quos praecipuo honore nominandus est unus e Praesidibus
vestris illustrissimis Gulielmus Thomson, Baro Kelvin, cuius infantia coelum
hausit Hibernicum. Laeti igitur libentesque vobis gratulationes et grates
agimus, et delegamus virum doctum e coetu nostro eundemque coetui vestro
iamdudum adscriptum, paene tarn vobis dilectum quam nobis, IOHANNEM

CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 121

JOLY, Scientiae Doctorem, Geologiae Professorem in his aulis, qui feriis vestris
adsit vobisque et nostro et suo nomine omnia bona fausta felicia ex animo
precetur. Valete.

IVEAGH, Cancellarius.

ANTHONY TRAILL, M.D., Praepositus Collegii SS. Trinitatis.
Dublinii, in Collegia SS. Trinitatis, mense lulio, A.S. MCMXII.

ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, DUBLIN

SOCIETATI REGIAE ACADEMIA REGIA HIBERNICA S. P. D. — Cum iam, viri
doctissimi, post annos ducentos quinquaginta feliciter peractos Societas
vestra illustris optimo iure ferias plusquam saeculares habitura sit, laeti
libentes invitationem vestram benignam accepimus qua nos quoque in partem
gaudii vestri vocavistis, utpote qui vobis non solum studiorum et naturae
similitudine simus consociati sed etiam vinculis quibusdam propriis constricti.
Nam ad exemplum vestrum saeculo XVIII0 fundata est Academia nostra, unde
utrisque nobis Prid. Kal. Decembr. quotannis dies est prae ceteris sollemnis :
porro loseph Banks, Eques auratus, Societatis vestrae Praeses in diplomate
constitutionum nostrarum inter primes sodales nostros nominatus est, et
Praesides vestri propter coronam tantam illis a vobis collatam inter sodales
nostros honoris causa merito sunt semper adscript!. Quanta beneficia generi
humano semper et ubique contuleritis in scientia rerum promovenda, in ignora-
tione removenda, gratis animis cum toto orbe terrarum agnoscimus ; neque
immemores sumus nosmet ipsos munificentia vestra esse nuper adiutos cum
opus magni laboris suscepimus, scilicet in Hibernia Occidentali rerum natura-
lium perlustrationem accuratam. Nulla est sane maior hominibus voluptas
quam gaudere cum gaudentibus, praecipue cum, sicut vos et nos, multis
amicitiae necessitudinibus sunt inter se coniuncti. Itaque invitatio vestra
nobis maximae est laetitiae, et vobis commendamus virum doctum in coetu
tarn vestro quam nostro inscriptum, IOHANNEM ALEXANDRUM MCCLELLAND,
Scientiae Doctorem, ab Actis Academiae, Professorem Rerum Naturalium in
Collegio Universitatis Dublinensis, qui feriarum vestrarum celebrationi adsit
et Academiae gratulabundae et vobis grates gratiasque habentis personam
tarn laete quam sincere gerat. Valete.

J. P. MAHAFFY, Praeses Academiae.
LOUIS C. PURSER, Ab Actis Concilii Academici.
Dublinii, in domo Academica, a. d. IV. Idus lulias, A. S. MCMXII.

122 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

ROYAL DUBLIN SOCIETY

THE ROYAL DUBLIN SOCIETY TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON Greeting. —
The President and Council of the ROYAL DUBLIN SOCIETY heartily join in
congratulating the Royal Society of London on the attainment of the two
hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation. Great has been the
progress of science since the Society under Royal auspices undertook the task
of improving natural knowledge, and the Fellows may well look with pride
upon the conspicuous part they have taken in winning from Nature her well-
guarded secrets. We earnestly hope that the Royal Society may continue its
beneficent labours with increasing success, ever widening the bounds of know-
ledge and extending man's control over Nature.

Given under our Common Seal at Leinster House* Dublin, this first day of
August, 1912.

HOWARD GRUBB, Vice-President.

QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST

To THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. — WE,
THE CHANCELLOR AND MEMBERS OF THE QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST, desire
to convey our congratulations on the occasion of this your Fifth Jubilee, and,
with our elders in learning, to acknowledge the blessings which your example
and generous endeavour have bestowed upon the commonwealth of Science.
The Virtuosi of Gresham College planned with confidence in their purpose and
in their successors. Within five years the poet's compliment that your Society
was ' worthy a history ' found proof in the memorable record of your first
efforts 'to increase the Powers of all Mankind'. At this remove it is our
privilege to do honour to a great tradition, and to see in that tradition less
the pride of accomplishment than the continuing promise of ' ransom to the
mind of man '.

Signed in name of the University, on the fifteenth day of July , one thousand
nine hundred and twelve.

SHAFTESBURY, Chancellor.

II. TELEGRAMS AND LETTERS

I FROM FOREIGN MEMBERS AND OTHER MEN OF
SCIENCE ABROAD

PROFESSOR EMIL FISCHER, University of Berlin, Foreign Member of the Royal
Society. — Zum Jubelfeste beehre ich mich der Royal Society herzlichen
Gltickwunsch darzubringen. — EMIL FISCHER.

PROFESSOR HENDRIK ANTOON LORENTZ, For. Memb. R.S., and PROFESSOR VAN-
DESANDE BAKHUYSEN, both of the University of Leyden. — Hearty wishes for
lasting prosperity and glorious future. — VANDESANDE BAKHUYZEN, LORENTZ.

PROFESSOR CLEMENT A. TIMIRIAZEFF, University of Moscow, For. Memb. R.S.
— Accept warmest congratulations to the fifth jubilee of the Society's glorious
career. — TIMIRIAZEFF.

PROFESSOR C. WILHELM RONTGEN, University of Munich. — Leider gestattet
meine Gesundheit nicht nach London zu reisen ; ich bitte der Royal Society
meinen Dank und die herzlichsten Gliickwiinsche zu uberbringen. — WILHELM
RONTGEN.

PROFESSOR PHILIPPE A. GUYE, University of Geneva. — Empeche a mon vif
regret de prendre part au brillant anniversaire Royal Society, je prie son
President et ses membres d'agreer mes felicitations les plus sinceres et mes
vceux les plus cordiaux. — Professeur PHILIPPE GUYE.

II. FROM UNIVERSITIES, ACADEMIES, &c.

UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ. — Universitas literarum Graecensis gratulatur ex animo.
— HAUKE, Rector.

BOHEMIAN KARL-FERDINAND UNIVERSITY OF PRAGUE. — SIR, — lam very sorry
to be prevented by official duties from personally taking part in the Celebration
of the 250th Anniversary of the Royal Society.

I beg to heartily congratulate you and the Royal Society in the name of
the Bohemian University of Prague, adding my own sincere wishes for
the continued prosperity of the Royal Society, of which you are the President.
I remain, Sir, very truly yours, F. VEJDOVSKY.

UNIVERSITY OF SOPHIA. — University of Sophia congratulates the Society at
its jubilee and wishes it a still more glorious future in intensive and
scientific work. — Rector JURINITCH.

THE PRUSSIAN MINISTER OF EDUCATION, BERLIN. — Der Royal Society, die
wahrend eines Vierteljahrtausends durch ihre beruhmten Mitglieder und

124 THE ROYAL SOCIETY

ihre bedeutenden Arbeiten die Wissenschaft hervorragend gefdrdert hat,
spreche ich zu ihrer Jubelfeier die herzlichsten Wiinsche der Preussischen
Unterrichtsverwaltung aus. — Preussischer Kultusminister, VON TROTT zu SOLZ.
UNIVERSITY OF PADUA. — Celeberrimae isti Societati Regali natalem suum
ducentesimum et quinquagesimum omnium cum plausu peragenti Rector
et Sodales Universitatis Patavinae uno consensu gratulantur, ut omnia
bene fausteque eveniant auspicantes adprecantes.- — Rector, Rossi.

UNIVERSITY" OF PISA. — Presidente, Royal Society, London : Dispiacente che
il Prof. Nasini non possa recarsi costa prego V. S. accogliere nome questo
Ateneo i voti piu fervidi per la prosperita di cotesta benemerita Associazione. —
Rettore, SUPINO.

MARCHESE A. DE GREGORIO, Vice-President of the Sicilian Society of
Natural Sciences. — In the happy anniversary of the constitution of the Royal
Society, I have the honour to send to you (who are the honoured President)
the homages of our Societa Siciliana of Natural Sciences, of which I am the
Vice-President. I pray you to accept my best regards and believe me, Yours
very truly, ANTONIO DE GREGORIO.

BERGEN MUSEUM. — Bergens Museum, grateful for the Society's important
contributions to the world's scientific progress during 250 years, sends its hearty
congratulations to the jubilee with best wishes for the future. — KLAUS HANSEN,
JENS HOLMBOE.

UNIVERSITY OF DORPAT. — Universite Jouriew (Dorpat) presente ses felicita-
tions et vceux de prosperite. — DE LA RUE JAROTZKI.

IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF KASAN. — Die memorabili quern Societas Regalis
Londinensis in scientia promovenda natalem 1912 celebrat Universitas Caesarea
Casanensis vota ei sincera mittit : floreat, in dies crescat, scientiam ad maiorem
patriae laudem fortiter promoveat clarissima Societas Regalis. — Pro Rectore
Universitatis, TONKOFF.

RUSSIAN CENTRAL CHAMBER OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. — The Central
Chamber of Weights and Measures, founded by the late Foreign Member of
Royal Society, Mendeleeff, considers it as its duty to congratulate on the
occasion of the fifth jubilee, and expresses the hope that also in future the
Royal Society will flourish as highest authority promoting science and human
prosperity. — Director, EGOROFF.

UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. — University Chicago extends Royal Society cordial
congratulations upon anniversary. Its distinguished membership includes men
whose achievements are pride of English-speaking race. University expresses
appreciation of their high accomplishment by sending Professor Frost as
delegate. — JUDSON.

UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND. — Chancellor, Queensland University, sends
greetings Royal Society.

INDEX

Aberdeen University, Delegate from, 20.
Adelaide University, Delegate from, 17.
Africa, South, Delegates from, 18 ; Address

from Royal Society of South Africa, 87.
Agram University, Address from, 32.
Aligarh, Delegate from, 18.
Allahabad University, Delegate from, 18.
American Academy, Boston, Delegate from,

17 ; Address from, 77.

American Mathematical Society, New York,

Delegate from, 17 ;
„ National Academy (Washington),

Address from, 79.

„ Philosophical Society, Phila-
delphia, Delegate from, 17 ;
Address from, 78.

Amsterdam, Delegates from, 15 ; Address
from University, 54 ; Address from Royal
Academy of Sciences, 57.
Antiquaries, Delegate from Society of, 19 ;

Address from, 96.
Ashmolean Society of Oxfordshire, Delegate

from, 20 ; Address from, 115.
Asiatic Society of Bengal, Delegate from,

18 ; Address from, 86.
Athens, Delegate from, 14.

Australia, Delegates from, 17 ; Addresses

from, 81, 82.
Austria-Hungary, Delegates from, 13.

Bakhuysen, Professor, Telegram from, 123.
Belfast, Queen's University of, Delegate

from, 21 ; Address from, 122.
Belgium, Delegates from, 13 ; Addresses

from, 36.

Bergen Museum, Telegram from, 124.
Berlin, Delegates from, 14 ; Address from

the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences,

49 ; Telegram from the Prussian Minister

of Education, 123.
Berne, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from

University, 66 ; Address from Helvetique

Society of Natural Sciences, 68.
Birmingham University, Delegate from, 18 ;

Address from, 90.
Bologna, Delegate from, 14 ; Address from

University, 52.
Bombay University, Delegate from, 18 ;

Address from, 84.
Bordeaux, Delegates from, 13; Address from

University, 45 ; Address from National

Academy, 45.
Boston, Delegate from, 17 ; Address from

American Academy of Arts and Sciences,

77.

Breslau, Delegate from, 14.

Bristol University, Delegate from, 18 ;
Address from, 90.

British Academy, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad-
dress from, 96.

British Association, Delegate from, 20 ;
Address from, 113.

British Isles, Delegates from Institutions
in, 18-21.

British Museum, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad-
dress from, 97.

Brussels, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from
Royal Academy of Sciences of, 37.

Budapest, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from
Royal Hungarian University of, 36.

Burlington House, 3, 4, 22.

Cairo, Delegate from, 16.

Calcutta, Delegates from, 18 ; Address from
University > 85 ; Address from Asiatic
Society of Bengal, 86.

California, Delegates from, 16, 17.

Cambridge, Delegates from, 18, 20.

Cambridge Philosophical Society, Delegate
from, 20 ; Address from, 114.

Cambridge University, Honorary Degrees
conferred by, on some distinguished
Delegates, 27-30; Address from, to Royal
Society, 88.

Canada, Delegates from, 17 ; Addresses
from, 83.

Cape of Good Hope University, Delegate
from, 18.

Chemical Industry, Delegate from Society
of, 20 ; Address from, 115.

Chemical Society, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad-
dress from, 98.

Chemistry, Delegate from Institute of, 19 ;
Address from, 101.

Chicago University, Delegate from, 16 ;
Telegram from, 124.

Christiania, Delegates from, 15 ; Address
from Royal University, 58 ; Address from
Academy of Sciences, 59.

Clark University, Worcester, U.S. A., Dele-
gate from, 16 ; Address from, 72.

Clermont-Ferrand, Delegate from, 13 ; Ad-
dress from University, 46.

Columbia University, Delegate from, 16 ;
Address from, 73.

Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences,
Delegate from, 17 ; Address from, 77.

Conversazione given by Royal Society,
22.

Copenhagen, Delegates from, 13 ; Address
from University, 38 ; Address from Royal
Danish Society of Science, 39.

126

INDEX

Cornell University, Delegate from, 16 ;

Address from, 74.
Cracow, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from

Academy of Sciences, 33.

Denmark, Delegates from, 13.

Dorpat, Delegate from, 15 ; Telegram from

University, 124.
Dublin, Delegates from, 21 ; Address from

University, 120 ; Address from Royal

Irish Academy, 121.
Durham University, Delegate from, 18 ;

Address from, 91.

Edinburgh, Delegates from, 20 ; Address
from the University, 117 ; Address from
Royal Society of, 119.
Egypt, Delegates from, 16.
Engineers, Delegate from Institution of

Civil, 19.

„ Delegate from Institution of

Electrical, 19 ; Address from,
102.
„ Delegate from Institution of

Mechanical, 19.
Entomological Society, Delegate from, 19 ;

Address from, 98.
Erlangen, Delegate from, 14.

Finland, Delegates from, 15 ; Addresses

from, 62-4.

Fischer, Emil, Telegram from, 123.
Florence, Delegate from, 14.
France, Delegates from, 13 ; Addresses

from, 40-5.
Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Delegate

from, 17 ; Address from, 78.
Freiburg im Breisgau, Delegate from, 14.

Garden Party at Windsor and reception of
the Council of the Royal Society and
Delegates by their Majesties the King
and Queen, 23.

Geneva, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from
University, 67.

Geological Society, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad-
dress from, 100.

Geological Survey of Great Britain, Delegate
from, 19 ; Address from, 100.

Germany, Delegates from, 14 ; Combined
Address from Universities of, on bronze
Tablet, 48.

Giessen, Delegate from, 14.

Glasgow, Delegates from, 20 ; Address from
University, 118 ; Address from Royal
Philosophical Society, 119.

Gottingen, Delegates from, 14 ; Address
from Royal Society of Sciences, 49.

Graz University, Telegram from, 123.

Greece, Delegate from, 14.

Greifswald, Delegate from, 14.
Groningen, Delegate from, 15 ; Address

from University of, 54.
Guildhall, Dinner in, 3, 21.
Guye, Professor, Telegram from, 123.

Haarlem, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from

Dutch Society of Sciences, 57.
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Delegate from Insti-
tute of Science, 18 ; Address from, 84.
Halle, Delegate from, 14.
Hamburg, Address from Natural Science

Union of, 51.
Harvard University, Delegate from, 16 ;

Address from, 74.
Heidelberg, Delegate from, 14.
Helsingfors, Delegates from, 15 ; Address

from University of Finland, 62 ; Address

from Finnish Society of Sciences, 63.
Hobart, Address from Royal Society of

Tasmania, 81.

I.
India, Delegates from, 18 ; Addresses from,

84-7.
Indian Institute of Science, Delegate from,

18 ; Address from, 87-
Ireland, Delegates from, 21 ; Addresses

from, 120-2.
Iron and Steel Institute, Delegate from, 19 ;

Address from, 103.
Italy, Delegates from, 14, 15 ; Addresses

from, 51-3.

J.
Japan, Delegates from, 16 ; Addresses from,

70-2.
Johns Hopkins University, Delegate from,

16 ; Address from, 75.

Kasan University, Telegram from, 124.
Khartoum, Delegate from, 16.
Kingston, Ontario, Delegate from, 17.
Konigsberg, Delegate from, 14.
Kyoto, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from
Imperial University, 71.

Lausanne, Address from University of, 68.

Leeds University, Delegate from, 18 ; Ad-
dress from, 92.

Leipzig, Delegates from, 14.

Leland-Stanford University, Delegate from,
16.

Lemberg University, Address from, 34.

Leyden, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from
University, 55.

Lille, Delegate from, 13.

Linnean Society, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad-
dress from, 103.

Lisbon, Delegate from, 15.

Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine,
Delegate from, 19 ; Address from, 103.

INDEX

127

Liverpool University, Delegate from, 19.
London, 'Delegates from Institutions in,

18-20.

London University, Address from, 89.
Lorentz, Professor, Telegram from, 123.
Louvain, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from

University, 36.
Lund, Delegates from, 16 ; Address from

University, 64.

McGill University, Montreal, Delegate from,
17 ; Address from, 83.

Madras University, Delegate from, 18 ; Ad-
dress from, 86.

Madrid, Delegate from, 15.

Manchester, Delegates from, 19, 20 ; Ad-
dress from University, 93 ; Address from
Literary and Philosophical Society, 114.

Manitoba University, Delegate from, 18.

Marburg, Delegate from, 14.

Mathematical Society, Delegate from, 19 ;
Address from, 104.

Melbourne, Delegates from, 17 ; Address
from Royal Society of Victoria, 82.

Mercers' Company, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad-
dress from, 104.

Mexico, Delegate from, 17.

Michigan University, Delegate from, 16 ;
Address from, 75.

Milan, Delegate from, 14.

Mineralogical Society, Delegate from, 19 ;
Address from, 105.

Minnesota University, Delegate from, 16.

Monaco, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from
Oceanographical Institute, 53.

Moscow, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from
University, 60 ; Address from Imperial
Society of Naturalists, 62.

Munich, Delegates from, 14 ; Address from
Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 50.

Miinster, Delegate from, 14.

Nancy, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from
University, 46.

Naples, Delegates from, 15.

Natal University College, Delegate from, 18.

National Academy, Washington, Delegates
from, 17.

National Physical Laboratory, Delegate
from, 20.

Netherlands, Delegates from, 15; Addresses
from, 54-8.

New Brunswick University, Delegate from, 18.

New South Wales, Delegate from, 17 ; Ad-
dress from, 81.

New York, Delegates from, 16, 17 ; Ad-
dress from, 73.

Norway, Delegates from, 15 ; Addresses
from, 58.

Nova Scotia, Delegates from, 18 ; Address
from, 84.

Odessa University, Address from, 61.

Ordnance Survey, Delegate from, 20.

Ottawa, Delegates from, 18.

Oxford University, Delegates from, 18 ;
Honorary Degrees conferred by, on dis-
tinguished Delegates, 24-6 ; Address
from, to Royal Society, 88.

Padua University, Telegram from, 124.

Palermo, Address from University of, 52.

Paris, Delegates from, 13 ; Address from
University of, 40 ; Address from Academy
of Sciences of, 42 ; Address from Observa-
tory of, 44 ; Address from French Society
of Physics, 45 ; Address from Botanical
Society of France, 45.

Pennsylvania, Delegate from, 16 ; Addresses
from, 76-8.

Pharmaceutical Society, Delegate from, 19 ;
Address from, 105.

Philadelphia, Delegates from, 16 ; Address
from University, 76.

Physical Society, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad-
dress from, 106.

Pisa University, Telegram from, 124.

Portugal, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from
University of, 34.

Prague, Delegate from, 13 ; Telegram from
Bohemian Karl Ferdinand University,
123.

Princeton University, Delegate from, 16 ;
Address from, 76.

Queensland University, Telegram from, 124.

Rome, Delegates from, 14 ; Address from

University, 51 ; Address from Academy

of the Lincei, 53.

Rontgen, Professor, Telegram from, 123.
Rostock, Delegate from, 14.
Rotterdam, Delegate from, 15 ; Address

from Batavian Society of Experimental

Philosophy, 58.

Royal Academy of Arts, Delegate from, 19.
Royal Agricultural Society, Delegate from,

19.
Royal Anthropological Institute, Delegate

from, 19 ; Address from, 106.
Royal Army Medical College, Delegate

from, 19.
Royal Astronomical Society, Delegate from,

19 ; Address from, 107.
Royal College of Physicians, Delegate from,

19 ; Address from, 95.
Royal College of Surgeons, Delegate from,

19 ; Address from, 95.
Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, Dele-
gate from, 20.

128

INDEX

Royal Dublin Society, Delegate from, 21 ;

Address from, 122.
Royal Geographical Society, Delegate from,

20 ; Address from, 108.
Royal Horticultural Society, Delegate from,

20.

Royal Institute of British Architects, Dele-
gate from, 20.

Royal Institution of Great Britain, Dele-
gate from, 20 ; Address from, 109.
Royal Irish Academy, Delegate from, 21 ;

Address from, 121.
Royal Meteorological Society, Delegate

from, 20 ; Address from, 109.
Royal Microscopical Society, Delegate from,

20 ; Address from, 109.
Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Delegate

from, 20.

Royal Society, Address by President of, 8.
Charter of, 1, 2.
Diary of Anniversary Cele-
bration of, 3.
Invitation issued by, 2.
List of Delegates to, 13.
Record of, 1, 2.
Royal Society Club, Dinner to Delegates

given by, 23.
Royal Society of Arts, Delegate from, 20 ;

Address from, 110.
Royal Society of Medicine, Delegate from,

20 ; Address from, 111.
Ro3'al Statistical Society, Delegate from, 20 ;

Address from, 112.
Royal United Service Institution, Delegate

from, 20.
Russia, Delegates from, 15 ; Addresses

from, 59-62.
Russian Central Chamber of Weights and

Measures, Telegram from, 124.

St. Andrews University, Delegate from, 20 ;
Address from, 117.

St. Petersburg, Delegates from, 15 ; Ad-
dress from Imperial Academy of Sciences,
59.

San Francisco, Delegate from, 17.

Scotland, Delegates from, 20 ; Addresses
from, 117-20.

Sheffield University, Delegate from, 19 ;
Address from, 94.

Sicilian Society of Natural Sciences, Letter
from President of, 124.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Dele-
gate from, 17 ; Address from, 80.

Sophia University, Telegram from, 123.

Spain, Delegate from, 15.

Stockholm, Delegates from, 16 ; Address
from University, 64 ; Address from Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences, 65.

Strasburg, Delegate from, 14.

Sweden, Delegates from, 16 ; Addresses
from, 64-6.

Switzerland, Delegates from, 16 ; Addresses
from, 66-70.

Sydney University, Delegate from, 17 ; Ad-
dress from, 81.

Syon House, Garden Party at, given by the
Duke and Duchess of Northumberland,
22.

Tasmania, Delegate from, 17 ; Address

from, 81.

Timiriazeff, Professor, Telegram from, 123.
Tokyo, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from

Imperial University, 70.
Toronto University, Delegate from, 17 ;

Address from, 83.
Toulouse, Delegate from, 13.
Turin, Delegate from, 15.

United States of America, Delegates from,

16, 17 ; Addresses from, 72-80.
United States, Coast and Geodetic Survey,

Address from, 80.
Upsala, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from

University, 65.
Utrecht, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from

University, 56.

Victoria, Delegates from, 17.
Vienna, Address from Imperial Academy
of, 31.

Wales, University of, Delegate from, 19 ;

Address from, 94.
Warsaw, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from

University, 61.
Washington, Delegates from, 17.

,, Address from Carnegie Insti-

tution, 79.

,, Address from National Acad-

emy of Sciences, 79.
„ Address from Smithsonian

Institution, 80.
,, Address from Washington

Academy of Sciences, 80.
Westminster Abbey, 3, 5, 22.

,, ,, Dean of, Address by, 5.

Windsor, Garden Party at, 3, 23.
Wisconsin University, Delegate from, 17 ;
Address from, 77.

Yale University, Delegate from, 17.

Zoological Society, Delegate from, 20 ; Ad-
dress from, 113.

Zurich, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from
Federal Technical High School, 69.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
BERKELEY

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