What the N.P. and the government have done for the marine interests of Canada [microform]

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1980

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No. 10.

INFORMATION FOR THE ELECTORS.

WHIIT HE (.p. HUD THE COIIEBPIII

HAVB DONE FOR THE

MARINE INTERESTS OF CANADA

Notwithstanding that iron and steel arc taking the place of
wooden ships the world over, and many ships engaged in the
Canadian coasting trade are registered in England and in foreign
countries, the Maritime Provinces owned no less than 724,057
tons registered shipping in 1889.

Canada ranks fourth in registered tonnage among the nations
of the world, excluding G-reat Britain :—

■: . ' United States , 2,158,'7U

M-^ !:^; .:. iSTorwegian 1,481,339

.-'Hi' German 1,271,273

Canadian 1,040,481

Ontario's tonnage has grown from P9,lll tons in 1873, ta
141,839 tons in 1889.

The arrivals at the different Canadian ports show the growth
of the coasting trade in Canada.

1879 30^50 vessels arrived with a tonnage of 6,118,702.

1889 52,929 vessels, representing no less than 10,219,856 tons.

An increase in ten years of 22,079 vessels and 4,101,154 tons.
From the sea the arrivals at Montreal were : — •

In 1879 349,708 tons

In 1889 529,538 tons

In Nova 3cotia the ship building has revived.

In 1887 Nova Scotia built 87 vessels, 12,300 tonnage.

In 1888 Nova Scotia built 116 vessels, 12,900 tonnage.

In 1889 Nova Scotia built 126 vessels, 18,645 tonnage.

While In 1890 she built 148 vessels, 33^746 tonnage.
Of the vessels built in Nova Scotia last year, 3 were over 1,200
tons, one over 1,500, one over 1,700, and one over 2,200. There
are a good number of barkentines and brigantines from 450 to
600 tons. The remainder, large and small schooners. The large
schooners range from 160 up to 639 tons, Parrsboro alone bnild-
ing eight between these figures. Nova Scotia appears to be
building a very fine class of schooners.

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LIGHTS, &o.

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* Light Stations. Light Houses. Fog Hor^

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518
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427

.iv 599

BUOYS AND BEACONS.

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BeacoDs.

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87 ^•

1878 865

1890 1841

Siace 1878 the Government has sent an expedition to Hudson'^
Bay, arranged for tidal observations, established a signal service,
and made extended surveys of Canadian waters, in addition to
the various works under the Marine Department.

No less than $17,392,355 have been expended on marine
service by Canada since Confederation.

The record of wrecks and casualties in Canadian waters shows
that while 533 casualties occurred in 1879, only 242 occurred in
1890, and while 339 lives and $4,119,233 were lost by these
casualties in 1879, in 1890 the loss was 64 lives and $1,194,576.

Canada's lights are free as air to the shipping of the world.

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OUR FISHERIES.

b|, ,, PEOTECTION OF INLAND WATEES.

Previous to Confederation, the provincial fishery laws, contain-
ing for the most part excellent provisions, were not systematically
enforced, and as a result, the inland fisheries most needing pro-
tection steadily declined. . ' 1 ;^v •

Jf-/»H.!'>Viti

PISHING BOUNTIES.

Under the provisions of the Tj-eaty of Washington, of 1871,
the fishermen of the United States of America were, among other
privileges, admitted to the free use of the Canadian inshore fish-
eries, the enjoyment of which had, during the period between
the abrogation of the reciprocity treaty of 1854 and the ratifica-
tion of the above named treaty, been reserved to British subjects
exclusively. In view of the competition to which the enjoyment
of these fisheries by foreigners exposed Canadian fishermen, it
was deemed expedient by the Canadian Government for the
encouragement of, and assistance in, the building and fitting oat

fishermen and the development of the deep sea fisheries, to grant
annually, as a b3upty, a sum of $150,000 ; which sum would
represent about 3J per cent, on the award of the Halifax Com-
mission as the compensation paid Canada for the privileges
accorded United States' citizens in excess of those accorded to
Canadians by the treaty of Washington. Since 1882, there has
been a total sum of $1,403,262 paid in the shape of bounties
among fishermen of the Mai-itime Provinces ; being an average
yearly distribution of $156,657 among an average of 33,662 fish-

ermen.

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In 1882, there were 11,9*72 claims paid to 29,9M2 fishermen. 1'^
" 1889 " 17,078 " " 38,343 •' ^<>n«v o •

being an increase of 5,106 claims and 8,411 fishermen. ^••^<>« oH

During the eight years since 1882, the average number of
vessels claiming bounty was 837, representing a tonnage of
nearly 32,000 tons. The average number of boats was 13,493 and
the average number of fishermen 27,000. The highest individual
bounty paid was $17, and the general average per man $4.65.

AETIPICIAL FISH CULTURK.

The great advantages to be derived from supplementing by
artificial means the natural facilities of our waters for re-pro-
ducing all kinds of fish are so well established by experience,
that it is scarcely necessary to enlarge on them. Even in their
natural state, our rivers have a limit* of productiveness ; but
owing to climatic causes and other accidents this is seldom
reached, and where artificial obstructions occui', the streams are
deprived of their capacity. The area of re-production is thus
greatly contracted. When to these causes of deterioration are
added improved appliances for capturing fish and increased
numbers engaged in fishing, it becomes imperative to substitute
some efficient means of providing for a yearly growing demand.
This can be done by the establishment of hatcheries. With ade-
quate accommodation, everydescriptionof fresh water fish may^be
reproduced and particularly those kinds which are best adapted
for canneries and available for domestic food.

There are at present thirteen hatcheries in operation in the

Dominion, as follows : —

Ontario 3

Quebec 4

New Brunswick 2

NovaSootia , 2

Prince Edward Island ,....^.......f.. 1

4

Since 18*79, six of these establiBhmente have been put np^
giving one hatchery to each Province.

Fully realizing the importance of supplementing the inroads
made by man on the shore fisheries of the ocean, the Govern-
ment is now engaged providing means for the artificial hatching
of Lobsters, and the success already achieved in this direction by
the sister province of Newfoundland is a promising augury of
success.

While the total number of fry distributed from these hatcher-
ies in 1879 was only 21,000,000, it reached 90,213,000 in 1890,
and has averaged, for the past six years over 80,000,000. Whitefish
and salmon-trout not being indigenous to the waters of the Mari-
time Provinces, efforts have been made during the past three or
four yeai*8 to introduce them into the numerous lakes of Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick. Success bids fair to crown this
experiment.

The number of men employed in the fisheries was, in 1879, in
vessels, 8,818, and in boats, 52,577, altogether 61,395 ; and in 1889,
in vessels, 9,621, and in boats, 55,382, making a total of 65,003
men, or 3,608 more fishermen in 1889 than in 1879.

The value of the fisheries in 1879 was $13,529,254, and in 1889
was $17,655,256. The total amount from 1879 to 1889, both in-
clusive, was $185,257,219 — a steady increase from thirteen to
seventeen millions of dollars since 1879.

Canada, since 1878, has 'expended $1,633,531 in the protection
of her fisheries, in addition to $1,403,262, in bounties to fishermen.

Table showing number, tonnage and value of vessels and boatt
engaged in the ^sheries of Canada, together with the value of fishing
materials employed, during 1879 and 1889 .• —

1879. 1889.

Vessels, number 1,183 1,100

" tonnage 43,876 44,936

" .>lue $1,714,917 2,064,918

Boats, li. )er.... 26,616 29,666

" valu*> $854,289 965,010

Value of nets and seines $988,698 1,691,085

Value of other fishing material $466,717 2,149,138

Total of capital invested $4,014,621 6,770,161

The fostering care of the Government has been exercised upon
the fishermen of Canada, with most beneficial effect. Canada's
fleet of fishing vessels cannot now be surpassed, in trimness, in
seaworthiness and in adaptability to the pui-pose, by the fishing
fleet of any country ia the world.