On some podophthalmatous crustacea from the cretaceous formation of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands [microform]

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IFrom the Quarterly Joitrnal of the Geological Society for

May 1896, Vol. lii.]

On some PoDOPHinALMATOUs Crustacea from the Cretaceops
Formation of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands.
By Henry Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.

Some time since I received from my friend Mr. J. F. Whiteaves,
F.G.S., PalsDontologist to the Geological Survey of Canada, several
interesting crustaceans from the Cretaceous coal-bearing formation
of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands, and, as they offer a close
affinity VT^ith forms from our own Gault and Greensand, they are
deserving of special notice.

The existence of Cretaceous strata in Canada has long been
known, and the coal-fields of Nanaimo and Comox on Vancouver
Island have been correlated with this formation as well as those
of Queen Charlotte Island and Alberta, eastward of the Rocky
Mountains.

Mr. F. B. Meek in 1857 gave a description of new organic
remains from the Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, including Bacu-
lites ovatus ? Say ; Ammonites (ScapJiites) ramosus^ A. Newherryanus,
Dentalium nanaimoensis, Thracia{^.) occidentalis, Thr.(2) subtrun-
cata, Trigonia Evansana, Pholadomya suhelongata. Ph. (Goniomya)
borealis, Cardium scitulum, Area vancouverensis, A. {Cuculltxa) a>qui-
lateralis, and Nucula Trashana. Dr. B. F. Shumard in 1858 added
Inoceramus vancouverensis, Pinna calamitoides, and Pyrula glabra
to the Nanaimo fauna.

In Prof. H. Y. Hind's * Report on the Assiniboine and Sas-
katchewan Expedition ' (1859) further lists of fossils are given, 13
in number, all referred to Cretaceous forms, namely : —

Anomia Flemingii.
Inoceramus canadensis.
Avicula linguaformis, E. & S.

nehrascaiui, E. & S.

Leda Evansi, Hall & Meek.
Rostellaria amerkana, E. & S.
Natica obliquaia. Hall & Meek.

Leda Hindi, Meek.
Avellana concinna, II. & M.
Ammonites placenta, Dekay.
Scaphites nndosus, Owen, var.

Conradi, Morton.

Nautilus Dekayi, Morton.

In 1861 Dr. (now Sir) James Hector instituted a comparison
between the strata east of the Rocky Mountains with those of
Vancouver Island (Capt. Palliser's Exploring Expedition, 1857-60).'
The list of Cretaceous fossils contributed by Mr. Etheridge from
east of the Rocky Mountains comprised : —

Ostrea anomiceformis.

luguhris, Conrad.

cortex, Conrad.

vellicata, Conrad.

Astarte texana, Conrad.
Cardium multhtriatum, Shumard.
Cytherea texana, Conrad.
Pholadomya occidentalism Morton.
Baculites compressus, Say.

* Inoceramus Crippsii, Roemer & C .
Leda Hindi, Meek.

* Inoceramus Crippsii (Roemer) and Baculites compressus (Say) are stated to
be common to the Cretaceous rocks of the plains and of Vancouver Islaud ;
while of the whole 18 species no less than 13 are identified with Texan or
Mexican species.

» Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xvii. (1861) pp. 388-445.

222 DR. n. WOODWABD ON CRETACEOUS PODOPHTHALMATA [May 1 896,

Those from Nanaimo, Coraox, or Valdez Inlet are : —

Iiwceramu^ texanus, Conrad.

nebrajveitsis, Owen.

undulatoplicatus, Eoemer.

confertim anmUatus, Roemer.

Inoceramns mytiloidcs, Conrad.
Triffonia Kmoryi, Conrad.
Cytherea honensis, Coni-ad.
Ammonites gcniculatus, Conrad.

In 18G1 Mr. Meek (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vol. xiii. p. 314)
added to the list of Cretaceous fossils from Vancouver Dosinia
tenuis^ from Nanaimo ; Inoceramus sulnmdatus^ Baculites occidentalism
Ammonites vancouvereiisis, and Nautilus CamphelU, from Comox ;
Ammonites complext(s, var. suciensis, from Comox and the Sucia
Islands ; and Baculites inomatus, from the Sucia Islands.

In 1864 Mr. W. Gabb, in vol. i. of the ' Paleontology of Cali-
fornia,' described and figured two new species of fossil shells,
namely : — Hamites vancouverensis and Pecten Traskii from Nanaimo.
For an admirable summary of our knowledge of ' the Cretaceous
System of Canada,' see the Presidential Address to the Koyal Society
of Canada by J. F. Whiteaves, Section iv.. May 23rd, 1893, pp. 3-
19 (Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada).

I find that it is impossible here to give a full list of all the fossils
obtained from these beds, and I have omitted the fossils of the
upper series of deposits entirely, as also the plant-remains.

Besides the moUusca, a decapod crustacean (named but not
described as Hoploparia or Podocrastes ? duhnenensis) has been
recorded from the Niobrara-Benton group of Manitoba — a long-
tailed decapod (Palceastacus) from the Pierre Fox Hills or Montana
formation, and a beetle, Hylohites vretaceus, Scudder, from the Pierre
Shales, Millwood, Manitoba.

The species of Crustacea now to be noticed comprise : —

1. Several examples of a small macrurous decapod belonging to
the genus Callianassa, met with very frequently in the Faxoe Beds,
the Maestricht Chalk, the Greensand of Colin Glen, Belfast : * and
also from lower beds (C isochela)^ Kimeridge Clay of the Sub-
wealden boring ; and from higher and later ones, namely, Callia-
nasm Batei^ Upper Marine Series, Hempstead, Isle of Wight.

This is a small burrowing crustacean, and is found living at tho
present day; usually only the chelae are obtained in dredging,
owing to the animal lying in its burrow, and the hands alone pro-
truding from the aperture.

The body- (thoracio-abdominal) segments are nearly soft, owing
to the animal's constant habit of lying concealed, only the hands
having a hardened calcareous covering.

^ CaUianassa veocomiensis, H. Woodw. Brit. Assoc. Eep. (Norwich) 1868,
p. 75, pi. ii. fig. 5.

^ C. iwchela, H. Woodw. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxii. (1876) p. 47,
pi. xxxii. fi^s. 1 2.

3 C. Batei, H. Woodw. Brit. Assoc. Rep. (Norwich) 1868, p. 74, pi. ii. fig. 4.

Vol. 52.]

FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA.

223

I. MACRURA.

Tribe Thalassinidea.

Family Callianassida?.

Genus Caelianassa, Leach, 1814.

1. Callianassa Whiteavesii^ sp. nov. (Figs. 1 »fe 2.)

General integument of body extremely thin, or semimembranous,
except the first pair of foot, which are protected by a hard covering.

Anterior feet (chelipeds) very unequal ; length of larger limb
3i) millim. ; breadth 9 millim. ; the dactylus is straight, and is
9 millim. long, but the fixed thumb of the propodos is rudimentary
and stout, being only half as long as the movable finger. Length
of smaller hand about 20 millim. Surface of hands faintly wrinkled.

There are indications of the
segments of the abdomen and Fig. 1.

of the thin integument with
which they were covered, also
of the small thoracic legs, but
they are too much broken up
for detailed description.

In this species from Van-
couver Island the fixed thumb
of the propodos is shorter than
in any of the species hitherto
recorded, and the movable
finger (dactylus) is straightcr.

The species is smaller
than that from the Chalk of
Dulmen, Westphalia, or from
Maestricht, or Belfast. I
have designated it Callianassa
^V7liteavesii, in honour of my
friend Mr. J. F. Whiteaves,
who has done so much for the
elucidation of the Cretaceous
formation in Canada.

Original specimens preserved in concretionary nodules of Cre-
taceous age from Comox River, Vancouver Island. Collected by
Dr. C. F. Newcombe (1892). Museum of the Geological Survey of
Canada, Ottawa.

A nodule from Vancouver Island, in the Geological Society's
Museum, contains the remains of the large hands of C<illiaiiassa
Wliiteavesii. A second nodule from the same collection contains the
carapace of Plagiolophus vaucouvcrensis.

Fig 2.

224 DR. H, WOODWABD ON CRETACEOUS PODOPBTHALMATA [May 1 896,

II. BRACHYURA— ANOMALA.
Family Homolidse.

Genus Homolopsis, Bell.

Carapace longer than broad, quadrilateral ; regions of carapace
vorj' distinct ; branchial region large, triangular ; orbits close
together, frontal region rather produced ; front subrotund.

2. Homolopsis Michardsoni, sp. nov. (Fig. 3.)

This interesting little crab was obtained by Mr. James Eichardson
in 1872 from Skidegate Inlet, west of Alliford Bay, Queen Charlotte
Island, and is preserved in a hard black limestone-nodule containing
plant-remains. Portions of the limbs still remain in their normal
position, showing that it was entire when originally buried in the
matrix.

Length of carapace 20 millim., greatest breadth 17 millim. ;
breadth of posterior border 14 millim. ; breadth across hepatic
region 14 millim.

The carapace is broadly quadrilateral, but pointed in front ; the
branchial regions extend to fully one half the length of the
carapace ; they are roughly

Fig. 3.

triangular in shape, and
nearly meet on the middle
line behind the cardiac re-
gion ; cardiac region small,
shield-shaped, but elevated ;
metagastric region marked
by two small prominences ;
hepatic regions prominent.
Two very distinct and almost
parallel furrows, the bran-
chial furrow and cervical
or hepatic furrow, diverge
from the sides of the cardiac
and metagastric regions

obliquely forward towards the lateral margins of the carapace. Two
deep submedian furrows mark the frontal portion of the cephalo-
thorax, reaching to the rostrum, where they converge on the central
line. Two small spines (or other appendages) project (as in the
genus Latreillia) from the rostrum on either side.

The hinder border is extremely wide and straight, and suggests
the broad margin for the attachment of the tail as in the females of
all the Anomala, in which section the abdomen is only partially
concealed beneath the cephalothorax.

The surface of the carapace, which is tumid, is coarsely and
irregularly covered with small rounded tubercles, which are larger
on the gastric and hepatic regions.

The walking-legs were evidently long and fairly large, and the
chelipeds curved and tubcrculatcd as in Homola.

Vol. 52.]

FROM BRITl^a COLUMBIA.

225

This species has many points of resemblance to Reuss's Prosopon
verrucosum, from which, however, it differs in the greater anterior
breadth of lleuss's specimen, and in the form of the rostrum and
arrangement of the furrows upon the gastric and cardiac regions.
Reuss's P. verrucosum should probably be placed in Bell's genus
Homolopsis.

In Homolopsis Edwardsii, Bell, from the Gault of Folkestone, the
frontal border is broader and the carapace more quadrate than in
the North American form, which is pointed in front ; the anterior
half of the carapace in If, Edwardsii is more coarsely ornamented
with fewer and larger tubercles, and the arrangement of the lobes
differs considerably from that in H. Richardsoni.

I would refer this specimen to Homolopsis, and dedicate the
species to the discoverer, Mr. James Richardson.

The specimen is from the Museum of the Geological Survey of
Canada, Ottawa.

Legion Oxystomata.

Family Corystidae.

Genus Pal^ocortstes, Bell.

In this genus the carapace is longer than broad, flattish, becoming
narrower gradually towards the posterior border, rostrum short,
latero-anterior border dentated. Orbits moderately broad, with
two fissures.

The carapace in all the species of this genus at present known is
similar to that of the masked crab, Corystes, now living on our
English coasts.

3. Palceocorystes Harveyi, sp. nov. (Fig. 4, p. 226.)

The genus Palceocorystes, to which I have referred two of the
specimens sent to me by Mr. Whiteaves, is well represented in the
Gault, Greensand, Chalk, and Eocene.

Thus we have : —

Palaocan/stes Broderipii, Mantell, sp. ; Gault, Folkestone.

Stokesii, Mantell, sp. ; Gault and Greensand, Cambridge and

Folkestone.

iVormaww, Bell ; Chalk Marl, Isle of Wight.

Miilleri, Bink ; Upper Chalk, Maestricht.

Callia7iassarum, Fritsch ; Chalk, Bohemia,

isericus, Fritsch ; Chalk, Bohemia.

glabra, H. W. ; Lower Eocene, Portsmouth.

Eucorystes Carteri, M'Coy ; Greensand, Cambridge.

Both the specimens from Canada are imperfect. One of them
(No. 2) shows the anterior upper surface of the carapace, the other
(No. 3) the posterior upper surface. From these we are able to
make the following diagnosis : —

Specific characters. Length of carapace 35 millim., from the
rostrum to the broken posterior border (to this we must probably

226 DR. n. WOODWARD ON CRETACEOUS PODOPHTHALMATA [May 1 896,

Fig. 4.

add 15 millim. more, making the total length from the rostrum
to the posterior border of the cara-
pace 50 millim.) ; greatest breadth
across the hepatic region 37 millim.

(No. 2 was collected by Mr. W.
Harvey, Comox River, Vancouver
Island, 1892; No. 3 by Dr. C. F.
Newcombo.)

Carapace smooth and gently convex
in front, and very finely and minutely
granulated. Latero-anterior border
armed with four serrations on each
side, frontal border marked by one
prominent and one smaller tooth on
either side of the small oifid rostrum,
while two fissures mark the margin
of each orbit. Under surface of
carapace not exposed.

The regions of the carapace are
very indistinct ; two slightly divergent raised lines about 5 millim.
in length mark the frontal region just behind the rostrum, and
there is a faint ridge down the centre of the carapace. A small
tubercle on either side, behind the frontal region, marks the
epigastric lobe. A faint curved and bifurcating line separates the
gastric from the cardiac regions, while two slightly rugose and
incised lines curve outward and forward from the central cardiac
region, marking the limits of the branchial region on either side.

Of the several species of Palccocwystes known, the present form,
"which I have ventured to call F. Harveyi after its discoverer,
approaches most nearly to P. Broderipii from the Gault of Folke-
stone, but is probably one-third larger. The latero-anterior border
of the former (P. Harveyi) has four spines on each side, whilst
P. Broderipii has only two. The orbital regions difier in form, as
well as the markings on the regions of the carapace.

We must await more complete materials before attempting a
fuller and more careful description ; meantime it is interesting to
meet with a species from so distant a locality which apppoaches so
nearly to our own Gault species P. Broderipii.

Formation. — Cretaceous. Localities. — Hornby Island (No. 2);
and Comox River, Vancouver Island (No. 3).

No. 2 belongs to the Provincial Museum, Victoria, Vancouver
Island ; No. 3 belongs to the Geological Survey of Canada.

Legion Ctclometopa.

Family Cancridae.

Genus Plagiolophus, Bell.

In this genus the carapace is transversely ovate, the regions of
the cephalothorax arc distinctly marked, front somewhat prominent,

Vol. 52.] PROM BRITIsn COLTTMBIA. 227

the oyos subdistant, superior border of the orbits with two fis-
sures, etc.

4. Plaglolophus vancouverens'is, sp. nov. (Figs. 5 & 0.)

This crab is represented by four specimens, throe of which I
received from Mr. Whiteaves, and the remaining one is preserved in
the Museum of the Geological Society.

The carapaces vary in size from : —

Milliniptres

long. brood.

1. Geological Society's specimen 22 28

2. From Comox lliver, Vancouver Island

(fig. 5) 20 25

3. N.W. side, Hornby Island 16 20

4. N.W. side, Hornby Island (fig. G) . . 10 13

No. 1 and No. 2 are | broader than long, No. 3 is l^, and No. 4
is 5 broader than long.

The frontal border is straight ; the rostrum is bifid, with two
small rounded elevations divided by a groove ; the orbital region is
smooth and but little indented ; the lateral borders are very gently
rounded, the posterior border is nearly straight. The cardiac and
metabranchial lobes, the metagastric and epibranchial lobes, and
the two mesogastric lobes form three almost parallel lines across the
carapace, giving it a very unicjue linear arrangement ; there are
also two much smaller lobes, one behind each of tlie orbits, flunked
laterally by a small tubercle, and a small rounded tubercle on each
epibranchial lobe ; the lateral border was bluntly dentated.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

When not waterworn (as in specimen No. 4), the surface of the
carapace is in parts very finely granulated.

These specimens are very distinct, but without more materials I
should not feel justified in separating them gr^nerically. I prefer
rather to place them in Bell's genus Plagiolophus, which was
proposed to receive P. Wetherelli, from the London Clay of Sheppey.

228

CRETACEOUS PODOPHTnALMATA.

[May 1896.

Tho same species — described under the narae of OhfphitJiyreus
ajjinis (Ileuss)— was figured and described by lleuss neariy at tho
same date, lleuss also adds another species, Olyphithyreus for-
mosus, Iteuss, from the Upper Cretaceous of Mecklenburg.

I feel satisfied to leave these Vancouver Island crabs in this
genus, and to designate them by the trivial name of vancouvererms.

Two specimens were collected on the north-western side of
Hornby Island, and one on Comox River, Vancouver Island, British
Columbia. The locality of tho Geological Society's specimen is not
marked, but it is from Vancouver Island.

Nos. 3 and 4, from Hornby Island, belong to the Provincial
Museum of Victoria, Vancouver Island.

No. 2 specimen shows traces of limbs, and the flattened propodos
of a chelate fore-arm 13 miUim. long x 8 millim. broad.

f

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