North American Tachinidæ [microform] : Gonia

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1

2

3

4

5

6

NORTH AMERICAN TACHINID.E.

GONIA.

I'V PROF. S. \V. WILLISTON, NEW HAVEN, CT.

The genus Gonia is one easily recognized by reason of its peculiar
structure of the head and antennix) : unfortunately the separation of species
is a much less simple matter. As is so frequently the case, isolated spcci-

\

''wuii numerous, not very strong bristles ; face m prohle nearly perjiendicu-
lar, the epistoma but slightly projecting ; the oral margin with a row of
bristles, not ascending on the edges of the median facial depression.
Cheeks broad ; bare, or with short bristles. Antenna; elongate ; third
joint two or three times as long as the second in the female, from four to
eight times in the male ; arista stout, composed of three joints, the second
and third elongate, and joining each other at an angle,, as though broken.
Eyes bare. Palpi cylindrical. Scutellum with six strong bristles on its
border. Abdomen broad oval or ovate ; first and second segments each
with a pair of median jjosterior bristles and one extreme lateral posterior
one ; third segment with a row on the ])ostcrior border. No spinule at
tip of auxiliary vein ; fourth vein obtusely angulated, without stum]) of
vein, terminating in the costa a considerable distance before the tij) ; pos-
terior cross-vein much nearer the angle than to the anterior cross-vein.

Head yellow, except the occiput, pal])i yellow ; tliorax black, margins
of dorsum and scutellum often yellowisli ; legs black. I-arvic, so far as
known, parasitic on hymenoptera and lepidoptera.

Tab/e of Species.

I. — Abdomen wholly black, or at most only somewhai; reddish on the
sides of base; claws and pulvilli of male small. . FRONXosASay.

Abdomen largely or vvholly red or yellow. 2

2. — Face and antennae golden yellow ; claws of male small. . senills, n. sj).

Tvce and antennae not golden yellow 3

3. — Sides of face, pleurae and femora v/ith yellow hair ; claws and pulvilli
i of male small torca, n sp.

/V G. H. FREN^, .:arBONDALE, ILI.N

Homohadena! Elda, n. sp. /

.heir „.u.i ij^ ^.^^::^7^r'T"^ "'-' '"

men equalling tlie hind wings : coveri,?! If M ' """"T ' """"

warm gray, .ligli.ly „ine .inl-d bis" Llf T, 'T'' «•■" A C°'°^.
s'rongly angulatcd outward on the ubcL ' '' ""' '"' 'K'""='.

-.ng,.e ,„w. end or .His ,in:;:e"Jr LXed^ .re^^^''

/

/

■ 4«4«^:«i*"aBi^ :^, .

=<-'cl, \lic posterior
)eyoncr\the head in
e unarnited ; abdo-
tly scalesX Color,
"ot very (^tinct,
black basal Uish
belH'cen the cos

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

mens frequently furnish grounds for much more decided opinions than a
richer material will sustain. I describe in the present paper five species
that present characters sufficiently decisive to render their recognition not
doubtful ; other species I forbear to name till my material is richer. It
will be seen that I make little use of the structure of the arista, a character
that has been relied upon much in the European species ; but I am satis-
fied that it is a variable one in individuals of the same species, and is,
moreover, distinctly sexual. There is a distinct variation in different
species in the position of the anterior cross-vein, as regards the termination
of the auxiliary ; of how much value the character is I am not yet decided.

Generic characters. — Moderately large species, not very bristly. Head
very large, inflated; front very broad, only a little narrower in the male,
'with numerous, not very strong bristles ; face in profile nearly perpendicu-
lar, the epistoma but slightly projecting ; the oral margin with a row of
bristles, not ascending on the edges of the median facial depression.
Cheeks broad ; bare, or with short bristles. Antennae elongate ; third
joint two or three times as long as the second in the female, from four to
eight times in the male ; arista stout, composed of three joints, the second
and third elongate, and joining each other at an angle, as tiiough broken.
Eyes bare. Palpi cylindrical. Scutellum witli six strong bristles on its
border. Abdomen broad oval or ovate ; first and second segments each
with a pair of median ])osterior bristles and one extreme lateral posterior
one ; third segment with a row on the posterior border. No spinule at
tip of auxiliary vein : fourth vein obtusely angulated, without stump of
vein, terminating in the costa a considerable distance before the tip ; pos-
terior cross-vein much nearer the angle than to the anterior cross -vein.

Head yellow, except the occi]nU, ])alpi yellow ; thorax black, margins
of dorsum and scutellum often yellowish ; legs black. T.arvai, so far as
known, parasitic on hymenoptera and lepidoptera.

Table of Species.

I. — Abdomen wholly black, or at most only somewhat reddish on the
sides of base ; claws and pulvilli of male small. . frontosa Say.

Abdomen largely or wholly red or yellow.. 2

2. — Face andantennaj golden yellow ; claws of male small. . senilis, n. sp.

Face and antenna not golden yellow 3

3. — Sides of face, pleun-e and femora with yellow hair ; claws and pulvilli
of male small porca, n sp.

s

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Sides of face with black bristles ; pleurae not with yellow hair.

GoNiA FRONTOSA Say, J. Acad. Phil, vi., 175; Compl. Wr. ii., 365,
Gonia philadelphica Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ii., 3, 51, 6.
^ Gonia albifrons Walker, List, etc., iv., 798.

4. — Abdomen reddish yellow, with or without small black spots ; clawty^crc

and pulvilli of male small sequax, n. sp.^jot mil

Abdomen largely black ; claws and pulvilli of male large . . exul, n. sj). All)

UnitetU

and n(

pollinol

third si
$ . Length 9.5-10 m.m. Face and front light yellow, with a silvery .

or slightly golden sheen ; front a little translucent on the sides when seeii ,

from above ; face on the sides with short black bristles, and a number oLi^-^^i ^^

longer ones near the sides of the median depression ; median depression , j

in its '^.'•eatest v/idth about as wide as the least width of the sides of the „ -J^
'^ . . . ones in|

face ; cheeks with short black bristly hairs only. Antennae blackish r-nfrin^
brown, the second joint and base of third yellowish; second joint about p^^ )linl
one-third the length of the third ; second joint of the arista not more than 1 ^^.j
three-fifths the length of the third. Palpi yellow. Dorsum of thorax . cr>f>r
black ; the humeri, post-alar callosities, and scutellum in large part, luteous ^1 . ^j.^,
yellowish ; dorsum, when seen from behind, distinctly gray poUinose, y^ ^J
leaving four slender stripes. Bristles of scutellum long, reaching to base ^ .^^jj-i
of third abdominal segment. Abdomen deep shining black ; the second ^..1-,..^ .^t
segment with a very narrow, the third with a narro /, the fourth with a f^.i^pj- ^i
moderately broad, basal white-pollinose cross band. Wings nearly hyaline
behind ; the costal, subcostal and first basal cells very distinctly tinged
with brown.

^. Length 9-10 m.m. Front distinctly narrower, and more project-
ing below. Median facial depression deeper, larger, and longer, broader

respect
in havi
than th
not a

spac^

below than the sides of the face. Antennae larger and longer, the second in,rrer

joint shorter, not more than one-fifth or one-sixth as long as the third ;
arista shorter than the joint, its second joint curved, three-fifths, or three-
fourths as long as the third. Dorsum of the thorax a little more hairy.
Abdomen more elongate or egg-shaped, the sides of the second and third
segments sometimes reddish. Tarsal joints of front feet a little less disci-
form, the claws a little longer.

This description is drawn from twelve females, mostly collected to-
gether in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, by Mr. E. Keen, and eight males i)kica
from Minnesota, collected together. They are all closely related, and gj^iy
their absolute identity seems certain. Among these specimens, however, \a,^JQ.

*he t^

Th
decide
upon
is alwi

It
" largi
not us

THE CANADIAN KNTOMOLOCIIST.

9

ow hair j '.

. spots ; clawTjj^.^^, is no absolute uniformity in the Icntcth of tlie aristal joints, though
SEQUAX, n. sp.^Qt ,^^^j^.|^ disc.repanry. >

■ . EXUL, n. sp. ^11 ^Y^^^ rest of my specimens, from various locaHties ihrougliout the

Wr. ii ^61; '-^"'^^<-l States, are larger, reaching twelve and a half millimetres in length

I ^ and none of them as small as the largest of the ones described. The

poUinose bands of the abdomen are usually broader on the second and

. , ., third seuments, the winL's in none so strongly iiifuscated i)ro\imally, and
v^ith a silvery. *',./.'! , , , , '

, in most the mfuscation is more or less obsolete ; the antenn;v vary from

es when seer .... .

red to black, the second ioint of the arista m t!ie female \aries bom one-
a number 01

J . third to three-fourths as long as the third joint : in the male from one-half

., ^ as loner to lonjier. The dorsal thoracic slrii)es vary from verv slender
■sides of the • ^ , ? • , , , ,• • ' • xt

, . ones in Colorado specimens, to broader and more distinct ones m New

: . . ' ' England, North Carolina, and Southern Californian ones. Specimens from

' Carolina and New England liave th(,' basal part of the venter yellowish

red, with moderately large spots on the sides of the basal segments above-

A specimen from Wyoming has the thoracic dorsum strongly i)ollinose, and

the bands of the abdomen unusually broad. 'I'wo others from^California

' have the second joint of the arista very short, not a third of the length o^

, *"' the third, the wings scarcely at all infuscated in front, and, unlike all the

, ^ other specimens, the cheeks do not have black hairs, but yellow pile ;

urth with a , • r r^ ,t • , n , • , •

. . other specimens from California, however, are like the eastern ones in this

^ respect. Yet another, rul)l)ed (female) specimen, from Connecticut, differs

° ^ in having the sides of the lace distinctly narrower, co'rsiderably narrower

than the median portion. 'J'he bristlv hairs on the sides of the face vary
ore proiec- ... ' . .

■' ' not a little in size : those of the described specimens leave a more bare

' spac^ below on the inner side, that is less, or not at all, api)arent in the

larger specimens.

The value of these various characters I confess myself unable to
decide. Only this much seems certain, no, or little reliance can be placed
upon the comparative lengths of the aristal joints ; and the second joint
is always longer and more bent in the male than in the female,

I think there can be little doubt but that this is Say's species ; his
*' large, obsolete, reddish brown spot near the base " of the abdomen is
not usually, though frequently, present. The synonymy of G. philadel-
pliica seems equally certain. The species must be closely allied to, pos-
sibly identical with G. fasciata Meigen, of Europe, the larvce of which
have been found in nests of Bombus tcrrcstris and Mei;illa rdnna, where
the thes deposit their eggs. A specimen from the Boston Society of

Hie second
the third ;

h or three-

lore hairy,
and third

less disci-

ected to-
?ht males
ited, and
however,

10

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Natural History, somewliat teneral witli red antennic, bears the labt

" From Pyrrharctia isa(>c//a, Apr. - " '"J^^' ^

34.'
Altogether, 1 have examined about seventy-five specimens, from N
England, New York, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Indiana, Minneso
Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, Northern and Southern California.

hiefly,
air. ^
v.c
ellow i
GoNiA SENILIS, n. sp. ,,

$ . Length 10 m.m. Front and face golden yellow, not very chan, o

able, the vertex on either side sub-translucent when seen from ^bo\ 1

sides of the face considerably narrower than the median depressii j

clothed with short black bristles. Antennae wholly pure orange-yell(__ ^,

the tip of arista brownish, second joint very short, third very long, six j '

eight times longer than the second ; second joint of the arista shorter th^j j

the third. Thorax not denselv poUinose, when seen from behind, W' „„,.,

- ^ ' jrown,

four slender stripes, scutellum luteous at tip only. Abdomen black, i-:_j .v

sides broadly red, forming a moderately broad lateral posterior "i^rgin enpH,

the first and reaching to about the middle of the third segment on KgUirifi

sides ', pollinose bands broad. Wings nearly hyaline, anterior cross-vu j .1

nearly opposite the middle of the subcostal section of the costa. Cla.^

and pulvilli small. „. ■

^ antenoi

One specimen, Western Kansas. Although I have but the sin-r .1^ ,
specimen, I venture to describe this species. The color of tjie antenjQ_„„
seems evidently normal ; should it really be darker in other specimej„ ^-cc
however, the other characters given will, I believe, render the spec^j.^ ,„u,
recognizable. j^^i^j^^

rrs

GoNIA PORCA, n. sp. ^^^

$. Length 13 m.m. Face and front light yellow with a silvt ,

sheen, the front, except in a very oblique light, oily translucent on t-

sides ; sides of the face without the usual short black bristles, exc' . ,

above : the largest part, as also the cheeks, is clothed with long t .

' ^ ^ ° .triangk

hairs or pile ; the usual row along the sides of the median depressic
Median depression wider than the sides of the face below. Antei;
black, the third joint five or six times longer than the second ; seco

with th

b.
similar]

joint of the arista shorter than the third. Dorsum of thorax thinly p ,
linose, stripes not very distinct ; the sides more or icss and the scutell' , , .
luteous yellow. Pleurae with long fine yellow hairs or pile. Abdon: , ,

yellowish red, shining ; pollinose bands narrow, that on the second vt^

i

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

11

I tV, 1 I *rrow ; first segment, under the scutellum, the second with a median

tripe, the third with a stripe more or less dilated behind, and the fourth

e x-hiefly, black. The anterior femora behind with lonjr fine li'dit yellow
mens, from N , -^ . - ,

Mair. V. mes nearly hyahne, the costal cells scarcely nifuscated.

yf ' . Two Specimens, Mt. Hood, Or. The moderately abundant, long, liglit

alllOrnia. ii/-,- r ^ r • r •!

ellow nne hair on fac*, pleurae and four anterior femora is cliaractcnstic.

GONIA EXUL, n. sp.
not very chan, ^ _ Length \2, 13 m. m. Front and face light yellow, with a semi-
en rom ^t)o\j.j^j^gl^^,^.j^j. app^-arance as though oiled ; when seen oblicjuely, with a sil-
1 epressii,gj,y gjj^gj-j . sj^jg^j of the face with numerous, short, black bristles, on the

range-yeiiCj^jjgj. ^^^^^ ,-jg^j- ^]-jg sides of the median depression, with three or four
ry ong, siXjjQjjgj.g^jgjy stout bristles ; median depression small and narrow, not as
•ista shorter th^j^^ ^^ ^j^^ ^.j^^^ cheeks without black bristles. Antenna blackish
3m Denma, ^^jj-own, second joint and base of third yellow ; second joint about one-
[omen black, jjjj.^ ^j^^ length of the third ; arista variable, third joint not twice the
' ^"°^ "^^''^^'".ength of the second. Dorsum of thorax gray pollinose, when seen from
° " behind leaving four moderately broad stripes, the margins more or less

md the scutellum yellow. Abdomen yellowish red ; first segment under
':he scutellum, the second with a broad median stripe, the third except the
interior angles, or, rather, with a large triangle reaching the whole width
^^"of the segment behind and touching in front more or less broadly, the
the anten^Qj.gm^^ q|- ^.j^^ fourth wholly black ; i>ollen of the whole abdomen variable
3ther specimejjj different reflections, but most conspicuous on the base of the third and
tne spec^jjg whole of the fourth segments. Wings nearly hyaline, the veins yel-
lowish, except posteriorly.

Ten specimens, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York.

a. Males from California, that I cannot distinguish, have the antennce
/ with a silvt ,„,,,,,.,..: . . , , , r , 11

wholly black, the third loint five or six times the length of the second, the
mslucent on l . , •, ,,. j , , ^ , •,,• i

, . face strongly silvery pollinose, and the claws and pulvilli very large, con-

. , ,' .siderably longer than the terminal joint of the tarsi. In some, the black

with long t . , 7 , • , , 1 . , , n V r ,

,. , .mangle on the third abdominal segment is much smaller. A lemale

iian depressK . , , . ,, ° . , , „

with them seems to agree in all respects with the Lastern specimens.

* " b. A female specimen from California, with the abdomen niprked

seconQ ■ seco . . . .

/. similarly, has the third joint of the antennse shorter, not more than twice

^ I the length of the second, the second joint of the arista very short, and

. , , the bristles on the sides of the median depression not parallel with the
pile. Abcon..

the second vt

edge, but divergent, whisker-like.

12

THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

c. Two female specimens from Arizona differ distinctly in having a
broader and more projecting face, smaller eyes, whiter and more dense
pollen on face, thorax and abdomen. Another specimen with these two, j
however, though agreeing in the latter respects, has the face of the usual'
width.

d. A male specimen from North Park is of a distinct species, though |
closest allied to the present. The sides of the face are unusually narrow, \
the front short, convex and almost horizontal, the abdomen marked more |
like that of G. senilis, the size smaller (ir m.m,), the claws and pulvilli
large.

GONIA SEQUAX, n. Sp.

^. Length 12-13 ni.m. Like the males of ^jcw/, except that the
abdomen is either wholly yellowish red, with a black spot under the scu-
tellum, and a brownish hind margin to the third segment, or with a slender
black stripe on the second, and a small triangle on the third and fourth
segments. The claws and pulvilli are very much smaller, much shorter
than the terminal jomts of the tarsi.

Three specimens, California.

NOTES ON THE GENUS EXOPROSOPA.

BY D. W. CO(,)UILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL.

In my paper on " The North American Genera of Anthracina," which'
appeared in the last volume of the Can. Entomologist (pp. 157-159),
I proposed the name Vclocia for those species of Exoprosopa which have
four submarginal cells in each wing. Through the kindness -^f Dr. Willis-
ton, I have been put in possession of a paper by Prof. Camillo Rondani,
entitled " Dipterorum Species et Genera Aliqua Exotica," published in
1863 in the Archivio per la Zoologia, vol. iii., and on pages 56 and 57 of
this paper Prof. Rondani proposes the name Hypcralonia for the above
group; this name being the earlier, must supersede the one proposed by
me. . ' •

In the same paper Prof. Rondani proposes the name Argyrospila for
those species of Exoprosopa in which the third and fourth veins are joined
together before the margin of the wing, instead of reaching the margin