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; . ■ -

RA(

fffm^^tf^r* t

G u I D ^-r;;

TO THK

wv'-

QU'APPELLE VALLEY,

ASSINIBOIA, CANADA,

R. s y K E s,

WITH DESCRIPTION Ol'

RANCHES AND FARMS TO BE SOLD OR RENTED

ox THE

Edgeley- Estate, Qttappelle Station.

WlxWk Alait aiiH KUtiiitriitionii*

MANCHESTER :
^ T. %)VYLi R & Co., General Printers, Cannon Street.

MDCCCUCXXV.

4|~

^itS

GUIDE

TO THE

QU'APPELLE VALLEY,

ASSINIBOIA, CANADA,

R . S Y K E S ,

WITH DESCRIPTION OK

Farms to be Sold or Rented

ON THE

Edgeley Estate^ Qdappelle Statioii,

ntifii Mm »<*^ SUtt»irii<ton»*

MANCHESTER :
T. SowLER & Co., General Printers, Cannon Street,

MDCCCLXXXV.

.CltSBf

547/

a- TT I i> B

TO TI1K

Edgeley Estate, Qu'appelle Valley.

The Edcelcy Estate was purcliased in May 1882, from Portion.
the Canadian Pacific Railway Co. It consists of a selcc
tion of 311 sections, cacli containing G40 acres in 1 own-
ship 19, Ranges 15, l(i. & 17, west of the 2nd principal
meridian, lying immediately north of the maiu line of the
Canadian Pacific Railway, and extending for 18 mdes
between Qu'appelle and Regina. The average distance
from the railroad is about 7 mdes, but no part of the
property lies further away than 11 miles. A projected
railway from the Wood Mountains, where there are rich
deposits of coal, to Fort Qu'appelle, would intersect the

^"^K Idgeley Farm Pont Office is on section 13, Town-
ship 19, Ringe 15, upon which are the headquarters of
the estate and the manager's house (see map).

Reeina, the capital of Assiniboia, is about 24 miles Regina.
from the centre of the estate. Here are the residence of
the Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories
the IncUan Offices, and the headquarters of the Mounted

"PolioG

Ou'appelle, which is the railway station for the Edgeley Qu-appeiie
property, is an important place ; being the distributing
point for Fort Qu'appelle, the Touchwood Hil s, and the
Prince Albert Settlement. It is pleasantly situated in a
park-Uke country, and already contains numerous hotels,
stores, and dwelling-houses. A flour mill on the Hun-
garian system with a capacity of 150 baiTe s per day and
In elevator of the capacity of 35,000 bushels will be bui t
this year (1885). The leading manufacturers of agricul-
tural implements, both of Canada and the Umted States,

QU APPELLE.

The Bell

Kiinn.

are representod here. At the rommodioiis Oftverninont
Immij^riition Buildings, Hituiitcd chjso to the railway sta-
tion, intending .settlers can lodge i'or a roaso'.4ablo period
whilst in search of land or omploymcnt. There is every
facility for cooking within the building, but the immigrant
would have to provide his own bedding and food.*

The College Farm of the bishoj) of Qu'appelle (the Hon.
and Rev. Adalbert Anson, formerly Rector of Woolwich),
is pleasantly situated two miles north-west of the village,
anil between it and the Edgeley Estate. The Rev. J. W.
Gregory, who accompanied the bishop from England,
resides at the Clergy House, Qu'appelle Station.

The lands of the tju'appelle V'alley Farming Company
(better known as the Bell Farm) lie alnK)st immediately
to the cast of the Edgeley E.state, with their headquarters
at Indian Head Station.
Railway The Edgeley Estate was selected after twelve months'
^mlni.^' careful investigation. The Canadian Pacific Railway was
then advanced to a point about 100 miles east of Qu'ap-
pelle. It has now been carried to the Rocky Mountains,
and this year (1885) will probably witness the comple-
tion from Montreal to the fine, well-sheltered harbour of
Vancouver, on Burrard's Inlet, in British Columbia, a
distance of about ' ,900 miles. This transcontinental
route is 427 miles .shorter than the route from New York
to San Francisco, and will, it is e.stimated, save in dis-
tance between Great Britain and Japan at least 1,000
miles, thus materially shortening the journey between
the ports of Europe and those of China and Japan.-f*

The Qu'appelle Valley is well situated for markets.
It is now connected by rail with Port Arthur, on Lake
Superior, and as it will this year have direct communica-
tion with Montreal and Quebec, the produce of this fertile
region can be transported for use in the more densely
populated provinces of Ontario and Quebec, or be shipped
to Europe. Owing to the economical, though substantial

Markets.

* The train which leaves Winnipeg in the morning reaches Qu'appelle late in the
evening, and the immigrant might adviae the Government Immigration Agent, by
telegram from Winnipeg or Brandon, of his intended arrival.

+ A glance at the map of Canada will show the advantage from a strategical
point of view of the "Canadian Pacific Railway to the British Empire, and its im-
portance in times of war as an alternative route to Japan, China, and Australia.
I'roops and munitions of war might thus be carried over British territory so as
to reach Vancouver, Oi. the Pacific Ocean, in twelve days from Liverpool or London.
In winter, when the navigation of the St. Lawrence is closed, the Intercolonial
Railway from Halifax, which is only .six days .sail from Liverpool, and is an open
port for the whole year, would be u.sed. Moreover the loyal colony of Canada
would furnish her contingent to the aid of the mother country in the event of a
struggle in the Pacific Ocean.

nmodioiis Gnvernmont
Dso to tho railway sta-
"or a roaso'aablo period
meiit. 'Inhere is every
hv^, but the immigrant
Idiiifj and food.*
)f Qu'iippello (the Hon.
' Rector of Woolwich),
rth-west of the viUa},'e,
state. The llcv. J. W.
binliop from England,
)pelle Station,
ley Farming Company
lie almost immediately
^'ith their headquarters

:l after twelve months'
ian Pacific Railway was
10 miles east of Qu'ap-

the Rocky Mountains,
)ly witness the comple-
ill-sheltered harbour of
in British Columbia, a

This transcontinental
e route from New York
e.stimated, save in di.«-
d Japan at least 1,000
f the journey between
Jhina and Japan.-)*
1 situated for markets.

Port Arthur, on Lake
lave direct communica-
le produce of this fertile
le in the more densely
d Quebec, or be shipped
lical, though substantial

^Ing reaches Qu'appelle late In tho
rovernment Immigration Agent, by
iiletl arrival,
the advantage from a strategical

0 the British Empire, and its inv
te to Japan, China, and Australia,
arried over British territory so us
Ive days from Liverpool or London,
ivrence is closed, the Intercolonial
sail from Liverpool, and is an open
Bover the loyal colony of Canada

1 mother country in the event of a

HUnsON IIAY tlOUTK. "

manner in which the Camidian Pacillo Railway »'>i« ''«"'
ronstructod, and thanks t<. subsidies and land grants
received from the CJovornment, it will be enabled to carry
cattle, grain, and other produce at a very low lato from
Manitoba an<l Assiniboia through to Kngiand and hcot-
land* To the westwani the Canadian I'acitic Railway
has developed unlimiteil . ilHelds. Mineral oil abounds,
ironstone has already been found, an.l ithasnowbwn
imwed that gold exists in large (luantities in the Rocky
Mountains, on the line of this railway. Thus a large
mining industry is springing up, which gives to the
Qu'appelle Valley the choice of a market tor its jn-oduco
to the west as well as to the east. Hntish Columbia,
which is also destined to become a rich mining <listnct,
will exchange her fish aitd fruit for the agricultural
nroducts of the Qu'appelle Valley.

^ A charter has been granted to the Hudson Bay Railway nuds,.. Bay
Company, who propose to construct a railway from Wiii-
nipei along the western slu, o of Lake Manitoba and
Lake Winnii)egosis to Port Nelson or Fort Churchill on
the Hudson Bay. This railway would pass near to the
north-west end of Lake Winnipegosis. As Quappelle
and Winnipeg are equi-distant from this point, it is
,)robable that the Wood Mountains and Fort Qu appelle
Railway will eventually bo extended northward to iorm
a junction with the Hudson Bay Railway.f

The fine climate is one of the attractions of theCiimate,
Qu'appelle Valley. It lies in the latitude of the Isle ot
Wic^ht and Boulogne (o040 N.), and enjoys even more
sunshine throughout the year, though with greater heat
in summer and greater cold in winter. Mr. (i. W. Vis,
in his report upon Canada as a field for Dutch emigration,
gives the following description of the climate : " In winter
" the thermometer does at times indicate a very low tem-
" perature, but it would be altogether incorrect to form a
"judgment as to the severity of the climate from these

, ThB maximum rate for carrying wheat from Qu'appelle to Mt.ntreal is 33 cents

SSJKf.hr ^rrtr^Msith^^eii rrf rrt

cover Insurance commis' ion on sale, landing, and other charges.. Total charges on

TT"e7sUncrfZn\tto°l^o'■i>'jr,?f e'lr^^^ than that from Uverpool

to New York It™ generally considered that the Hudson Strait and Bay will
prove avMlable for navigation during four months in the year.

0 CMMATR.

" iiiiliciitiorm aliMic. Tlic air is in j^cncral |>iirt' and flry,
" and tlic ri)|i| is on tliis account much Ic^sh I'dt llian in
" cdunlricH wlieic tlic atniosplicrc is liuniid and laden
" with niitisturc. 1 .spent the wIkiIc oI'Dcccndtcfand p;irt
" i)i' January in Manitulm last year, ami I am convinced
" that the winters there are luacinji,' andemincntly healthy.
" Moreover, I have rre(|ncntly ohscrved in my journoys
" the stuidy, v i^orous appearance of the inhahitants. As
" rcMfards myseli', I always found the cold iij,'rcoulilo, and
" sutleri'd no personal inconvcnienco whatever, thou;4h I
" Wore the same clothing' as I am accustomed to wear in
" Amsterdam, New V'ork, and elsewhere. The climate
" of Miinitolia and the Canadian north-west in sununer
" and autumn is healthy and a^'veeahle in every i(Sj)eet.
" The days aro warm and the ni{,ditH cool — conditions
" particularly favourahle to the production of the best
" class of >frain. The crops of Manitoba are, indeed, of a
" better (piality than those of the United States, the grain
" beiiiL,' as a I'ulo hardei' ami heavier, and consecpiently
" commanding,' a hij,dier price. At the International Exhi-
" bition in I'hiladelphia in LS76, a gold medal was
" awarded the wheat of the North-west of Canada."

Owing to the inlluenee of the Chinook winds, spring
conunences three weeks earlier in the Qu'appelle Valley
than in the lied River Valley, which lies to the east, and
winter sets in correspondingly later, thus giving the
fai'mer the advant' -e of a longer working season than is
allowed to his brethren in Manitoba, Sliould he desire
to exchange the steaily dry cold of the winter for a
warmer climate he can, on the completion of the railway,
within 48 hours and without change of cars, reach
British Columbia, where, in the latitude of the Channel
Islands, and under the influence of the warm winds
which blow down the Pacitic coast, he has the choice
according to locality of greater dryneSiS or gi-eater
moisture,
'^'ofu'ie'"" -^'"^ purchase of the Edgeley property was made on
Eitgeiey favourable terms, as the proprietor undertook to bring
* *■ under cultivation a considerable portion, and thus create
a revenue for the railroad. The land having been pur-
chased with a view to cultivation and re-sale, portions of
the estate, both cultivated and uncultivated, are now
otlei'ed for sale (without any conditions of further culti-
vation being imposed on the purchasers) at prices ranging
between U (l(Js. 8d.) and $8 (33s. 4d.) per acre for the

j,'('ii('riil |>iin' and dry,
lUi'li U'HH t'cit lliaii ill

is liiiiiiid and laden
■ (>ri)i'('(>niiu'fand part
, and I am (-onvincod
indt'niiiicntlv Iwaltliv'.
ivt'd in my JoiirnoyH
i' till' inlialjitaiits. As
0 cold aj,nToalilo, and
0 uliatcvcr, tli()u;j[li I
,t!cn.st()mt'd to wrar in
ivviiore. The climate
urtii-wost in summer
idile in evei_y icspect.
j^lits cool — conditions
loduction of tiie best
litoba are, indeed, of a
nited States, the grain
ier, and coiisetiuently
le Jnteriuitioiial Exlii-

n gold medal was
kvest of Canada."
hiiiook winds, spring
tiic Qn'appelle Valley
h lies to tlio east, and
ter, thus giving the
'orking season than is
HI. Sliould he desire
of the winter for a
)letion of the railway,
lango of cars, reach
itude of the Channel
of the warm winds
t, he has the choice
dryness or greater

•operty was made on
• undertook to brinj;
•tion, and thus create
nd having been pur-
ad re-sale, portions of
ncultivated, are now
ions of further culti-
lers) at prices ranging
W.) per acre for the

ifi<> *

DEMiiiirrioN OK Tin; i;in.iii,i;v kstatk. 7

tranic,' miil willi pinportii ate prices for thi^ land which
,ms been brought uii.ler tillage, The area alirady under
eiiltivatinii .•oiiiprises id'out -'.(KH) acres diHtril.nted over
sections IM, i:., 17, '2\, 'Jn. '^7, and MM, all in Township li),
Ilango 1.'). PurehiiHers would have the o|itioii ot paying
by instalments extending over four years, with a low rate
ni" interest, or of renting for one yc.ir, with the option ol

pureha.HO. , ■ •

The opportunity of purchasing this land is a particu-
larly desiiabh^ one for gentlemen wit'., the command of
capital, as a pureliu • of good land l"av(.urably situated
for society, railroads, and markets proves more advan-
tageous in the long run than free land at a considerable
distance from markets.

At present homesteaders have fre([uently to go a
distance of 20 miles from the railway to find an eligible

location.f . , . ,

The land which comprises the Edgeley hstato is high,
well watered, and naturally drained. It is a gently
undulating country diversified by small lakes ami groves
of aspen, with rich herbage and valuabh; hay lands. The
grasses throughout the Qu'ai.pello Valley being very
nutritious, it is destined to become a line district lor
raising and feeding stock. , , . ,.

Usually the settler in a new country has the choice ot
a dense finest where he must clear the land before he
can raise crops, or the alternative of settling upon a
treeless plain; but here in the Qu'appelle Valley the sur-
face is interspersed with groves of natural timber, and
presents the appearance of an English park.

The soil is a strong black loam abciut a foot deep,
resting on a subsoil of rich fri^ble clay, largely impreg-
nated with lime, perhaps the est possible combination
for agricultural purposes.^. Beneath the friable clay
there Is a layer of still' retentive clay.

* These prlcoH hold good for 1H85 only. , , ,

» Kh thfi ttvfiriure cost of Imullng tliu «iiiiii produced fioin iin acre of land a tlin-

tuleo 12. "iKh about 1 .lolkr and 50 cents (Us ad.), which is the nterest at 1(.

1 er ce t per annum on l.--. <loUurs ((tr- A.), it would appear a betier investment to

iluyeven^litl "dollars per acre, land within 7 miles o/a railway than to take up a

'TsSmplVs^of'Sso^^^^^ December, 188^. by Piofossor

Watson Smith, of the Owen College, .Manchester. In the loam or surface soil
wert f "'in klirge quantity of organic matter (humus), msuluble silic.j nuicli less
ii, ,m intiVv tlmn the subsoil, solnble s ca in larce quantity, water much more than
'ubsoil f t uci of carbonic aci.l, a snuvll ouantrty of sulphuric .-icid. hydrochloric
acid phosphoric acid, a trace of Hme, alkalis (so, a and potash) alumina, oxide of
fron ammonia. The subsoU was found to contain orKanic matter, w^ater, so ub e
smr'i Insoluble silica, carbonic acid, sulphuric acid (a trace), hydrochloric acid a
Si' Snho'PhoVio acid, lime, alkafia (soda), alumina, oxide of Iron, mognesm
(a truce).

UKHCKirTION OF THU EDOELEY ESTATE.

Mr. J. H. Mc.Tavi.sli, the Land Commissioner of the
Canadian Pacific Railway, wrote to the proprietor of the
Edgeley Estate on Juno 2nd, 1882: "From all I can
" learn your selection is the pick of the whole country."
Mr. Kendrick, a farmer from Staffordshii o, who visited
the Qu'appelle Valley in 1882, reports of the Edgeley
tract thus: "The whole of this tract of land is A 1, with
" but few marshes, and is magnificent soii for general
" fai-ming purposes, particularly for grain growing." Mr.
A. A. Hughes, Inspector of "Lands for the Canadian
Pacific Railway Co., in his report on the Edgeley Farm,
dated September 7th, 1883, concludes by remarking:
" This farm I must say is worthy of my greatest praise."
The following description is extracted from the report
of the Goveriniient Surveyor, published by authority of
the Honble. D. L. Macpherson, K.C.M.G., Minister of the
Interior : —

"Range XV., Township No. 19.— Is high, dry, prairie.
" Soil — a rich, clay loam, in some places gravelly, and
" here and there granite boulders may be met with near
" the surface. This township, considering the quality of
" the land, and its facilities for railway communication
" (being only three and one-half miles from the main line
" of the C. P. R,), may be considered one of the most
" favourably situated for settlement in the North-west.
" All the even numbered sections, at the time of survey,
" were occupied by squatters, who had built small log
" houses and made numerous other improvements. The
" southern tier of sections in this township is dotted with
" numerous groves of poplar, which will for some little
" time furnish a fair supply of fuel to the incoming
" settler. The remainder of the township is almost
" destitute of wood."

In connection with this report it will be understood
that the more southerly sections, Nos. 1, 3, 7, and 9 (see
Map) are especially suited for stock ranches, as the
timber affords helter. Section 1 contains about 20 acres
of timber ; Section 3 about 70 acres ; Section 7 about 80
acres; and Section 9 about 20 acres of timber. It is
aspen poplar, 3 to G inches in diameter, growing very
closely. It is useful for fuel and fencing, and for log
houses and outbuildings. In Range IC, Sections 13, 19,
23, and 31, each contain, on an average, 50 acres of
similar timber. The other sections in ranges 15 and 16
are almost without timber. All the sections in Ransre 17

EY ESTATE.

[^'ommissioner of the
the proprietor of the

: "From all I can
the whole country."
L-dshiio, who visited
3rts of the Edgeley

of land is A 1, with
ent soil for general
;rain growing." Mr.
5 for the Canadian

the Edgeley Farm,
:des by remarking:
my greatest praise."
ited from the report
lied by authority of
A.G., Minister of the

Is high, dry, prairie.
Dlaces gravelly, and
y be met with near
ering the quality of
way communication
i from the main line
ed one of the most
in the North-west,
the time of survey,
bad built small log
mprovements. The
nship is dotted with
will for some little
1 to the incoming
ownship is almost

will be understood
s. 1, 3, 7, and 9 (see
;k ranches, as the
tains about 20 acres
Section 7 about 80
s of timber. It is
etei', growing very
jncing, and for log
IC, Sections l'.i, 19,
'•erage, 50 acres of
ranges 15 and 16
ictions in Range 17

HETTLKBS.

contain nioro or less timber, and are conse((uently uioro
suited for stock rauclics and dairy farms than for grain
growing. About 5(1,000 acres lying innncdiatoly south
of the Edgelcy Estate are covered with a dense growth
of poi)lar, so that for many years there will be a plen-
tiful supply of fuel and material for fencing and log
buildings.

The settlers who occupy the Government land in ^"'"»''*''
Township 19, Ranges 15 and 10, are generally practical
Ifirmeis from Ontario and Eastei-n Canada, who reached
the valley in 1881 and 1882 in advance of the railway
and Government survey, passing over 200 miles of fertile
country in order to gain this highly favoured district.
Some of these farmers have erected well-built frame
houses, into which they Avould receive young English-
men who desire to gain practical experience before
embarking their capital. Numbers of English gentlemen
have settled both south and north of Qu'appelle Station.
Later arrivals have passed on to Fort Qu'appelle, and are
occupying land to the north of the river.

Excellent sport can be had on and around the estate, spott.
as the woods and meadows are well stocked with prairie
chickens, partridges, plover, snipe, hares* Lc, whilst the
lakes abound with geese, ducks, and other kind of wild
fowl. The fishing in the Qu'appelle lakes and Long Lake
is most excellent. To the north and west are found the
wapiti, moose, antelope, and other kinds of deer, mountain
sheep, bear-, buffalo, and other large game, besides
numerous kinds of fur-bearing animals.

A reference to the map will show the Indian and 'l?'|;'^^;„''JJ('
Hudson's Bay trails, which have existed for many years ; survey.
but under an admirable system of survey the Canadian
North-west is now laid olf in townships six miles square,
containing 30 sections of 040 acres each, which are again
subdivided into quarter sections of 100 acres. A road
allowance, having a width of one chain, is pi'ovided for
on each section-line running north and south and on
every alternate section-line running east and west. The
following diagram shows a township with the sections
numbered : —

• Tlie-^e .-iiiiiiials arc known aa '
that of the Scotub hare.

rabbits." The fur becomea white in winter like

MANAGEMENT.

■1

ment.

The sections are appointed as follows :
Open for Homesteads and Pre-emptions. — Nos. 2,
4, G, 10, 12, 14, 10, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36.
Canadian Pacific Railway Sections.— Nos. 1, 3, 5,

I >

Free cattle
run.

9, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 2.5, 27, 31, 33, 35.

Nos. 1, 9, 13, 21, 25, 33, along the main line, Winnipeg
to Moose Jaw, sold to Canada North-West Land Com-
]iany, the balance of theii' lands being in Southern
Manitoba.

School Sections.— Nos. 11, 29, (reserved by Govern-
ment solely for school purposes).

Hudson's Bay Sections.— Nos. 8 and 26.

The Edgeley pi-operty is under the able management
of Mr. William C. Cameron, a practical Scotch farmer and
a good judge of horses and farm stock. He will render
every assistance in his power to any one settling on the
estiite, and would, if required, select machinery and stock,
]iut up buildings, and manage a farm for a purchaser
until his arrival. He would also undei'take to provide a
bailiff to assist a new comer for the first year or two.

The proprietor would have pleasure in granting free
run for the cattle of any purchaser over unsold portions
of the estate.

t
I

fi
n

^
P

ai
ft
\\
fi
2

[PTIONS. — Nos. 2,

32, 34, 36.
^s.— Nos. 1, 3, 5,

35.

n line, Winnipeg
Vest Land Com-
ng in Southern

srved by Govern-

d26.

ble management

cotch farmer and

He will render
! settling on the
liinery and stock,
for a purchaser
ake to provide a
year or two.
in granting free

unsold portions

THE Q ...PPELtE VALLEY LANDS.

Although the fame of the Qu'appclle Valley has spread ««ner.i
far and wide the testimony of some who have visited it ofX,
will be read with interest by tlioao who contemplate ^ viiry""
making it their future home.

Sir John Rose, of London, writing in 1882 upon the
subject of his journey through Canada, remarks : " I must
'• say that the Valley of Qu'appelle is unsurpassed by
" anything I have seen for picturesqueness and fertility.
" All that has been written and said about this magniii-
" cent country is true, and people going thither wilffind
" their most sanguine anticipations more than realised '

Professor Henry Tanner, M.R.A.C., F.C.S., Senior
Exammer of the Principles of Agriculture under the
Government Department of Science, Director of Educa-
tion under the Institute of Agriculture, South Kensino--
ton, London, who visited the Qu'appclle Valley in 1883,
and again in 1884, wrote in the report of his tour of 1883,'
as follows : " The Qu'appclle Valley has been generally
•' recognised as one of the choicest portions of the fertile
" north-west, and in a few years we shall doubtless find
" that popular judgment very fully justified by the lartre
" number of luxuriant and profitable farms which are
" being established within its boundaries."

The following extracts, descriptive of the tour made in 1884
are re-published, by his kind permission, from Professor Tanner's
admirable pamphlet, "Successful Emigration to Canada," published
by MacmiUan and Co., in 1885.

THE qu'appelle VALLEY LANDS.

After completing my iuspection of the Bell Farm, I proceeded to see
the lands which are associated with tlie lovely valley of the Qu'appelle
Kiver. The name has no doubt been given to it in conseciuencc of its
frequent echoes, and the reply, "qu'appelle" ("who calls?") suggests the
natural result of many an annising incident. On the first day I drove
through the fertile lands east and north of the Bell Farm, reuchin"' Fort
Quappello in the evening. We first passed through the Pheasant
Plams, which are remarkable for their productive powers and groat
agricultural capabilities. I visited here some skilful and enterprisino-
farmers who had come up there from Ontario, and who had secured I
well-deserved success. Messrs. McRae and Williamson had selected a
fine tract of land well adapted for mixed farming, and here [on August
28th, 1884] the harvest was in full swing, and the average yield of
wheat was not less than 35 bushels per acre, whilst on 300 acres there
were fully 40 bushels per acre.

Simple but well-arranged granaries had been constructed upon Messrs.

THE QU'APrELLK VALLEY LANDS.

McRae and Williamson's farms. Thoy were about 36 feet lonj;' liy 12
feet in width and 12 feet to the eaves of the roof. The wheat ia
delivered direct from the threshing machine into either of two openings,
which are made immediately under the ridge of the roof, nud liero tlie
wheat remains until finally put into sacks for market. On these farms
there is some excellent grazing land, and some cattle were about to be
l)urchased for breeding purposes. On entpiiring as to the kind of stock
which had been determined upon, I was niformed that " Shorthorns were
being bought, as Herefords were too dear, in conseqiicncc of their being
so much in favour." These farms arc most creditable to their owners,
being distinguished by good management and their highly productive
condition.

It will give some idea as to the rapidity with which the lands of this
district are filling up if I mention that Mr. McRae informed mo that in the
summer of 1882 there was scarcely a house to bo seen from his farm, and
that he could now count over 200 residences.

We drove about 15 miles in a north-westerly direction over the
Pheasant Plains. These lands have a gently luidulating character.
They arc occasionally relieved by small natural plantations, known m
bluffs, with small lakes, and the soil very generally possesses all the
indications of great fertility. We then descended by a steep road to the
Pheasant Creek, near which wo partook of luncheon in one of those
beautiful little valleys which lead down to the Qu'appcllo River.
Surrounded as we were by this lovely scenery, we could not fail to
anticipate the time when its now complete solitude should give place to
human skill, and farni stock would be making good use of the luxuriant
grass which year by year grows only to add beauty to the scene, and
then make room for the growth of another year. After a short interval
sufficient for the rest and refreshment of tlie party, we worked our way
up the hill sides, and continued our course for about ten miles over
another table-land district very similar in character to that traversed iu
the morning.

In again approaching the edge of this extensive table-land the
Qu'appello Fishing Lakes came into sight, and as they extend for a
distance of about 25 miles, they added fresh beauty to the scene. We
drove down to the side of the lakes and called at the Roman Catholic
Mission, and were cordially welcomed by the Rev. Father Le Brett and
his colleagues. For a period of ten years this mission has been engaged
in its work amongst the various Indian tribes, and amidst much dis-
couragement they have nobly pei-severed in this good work. The gardens
around the mission bear silent testimony to the productive character of
the soil and the favourable climate of the district. My friend, Mr.
Adam Brown, of Hamilton, Ontario, who visited this mission in 1882,
reported as follows : — " We found here a garden adorned with flowers
which would do honour to any garden in Ontario. I hurriedly made a
bouquet of at least twenty vai-ieties. There were growing in the garden
cabbages, tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, carrots, beet, onions, vegetable
marrows, cauliflowers, &c., all of which were so fine as to lead some of

lit 36 foot lonj;- liy 12
roof. Tlio wheat is
iitlicr of two oponings,
10 roof, nud liero tlio
■ket. On tlicso farms
ttlo were iibout to bo
s to the kind of stock
that " Shorthorns wore
iqncncc of their being
table to their owners,
leir highly productive

hicli the lands of this
iformod mo thn.t in the
seen from his farm, and

ly direction over the
undulating character.

plantations, known as
ally possesses all the

by a steep road to the
heon in one of those
tie Qu'appello River.

wo could not fail to
e should give place to
d use of the luxuriant
ity to the scene, and

After a short interval
y, we worked our way
about ten miles over
er to that traversed in

ensive table-land tho
as they extend for a
ity to tho scene. We
t tho Roman Catholic
, Father Le Brett and
ision has been engaged
and amidst much dis-
)od work. The gardens
productive character of
rict. My friend, Mr.
this mission in 1882,
1 adorned with flowers
0. I hurriedly made a
growing in the garden
beet, onions, vegetable
no as to lead some of

THE QU'aI'PELLE VALLEY LANDS.

us to say that they were as if grown for an agiicultural show. I am
pleased to quote this statement, which accurately describes tho condi-
tions as 1 found them at tho time of my visit, \ery near to tho mission
tho Government arc building an Industrial School for tho education of
Bomo of tho children of tho Indians, and there is every reason to believe
that excellent results will fi)llow this prudont measure. Continuing our
journey round tho lakes wo soon reached Fort Qu'ai>pellc, and were
pleased to end an ngroeablo journey by stopping at tho comfortable hotel
kept by Messrs. Joyncr near the Fort, ,. ^ . j.

On tho following morning I determined to drive through tho distvict
lying north of Fort Qu'appello, towards the Touchwood Hills. On leaving
the Fort wo soon rise from out of the valley to a magnificent table-land
which stretches away to tho north through tho lands belonging
to tho Touchwood-Qu'appello Land Company. I had been prepared
beforehand to expect to find ranch good land in this direction,
and this public testimony I founu was abundantly justified by facts.
Milo after m'h, hour after hour, did our drive extend through
lands which deservedly take rank amongst tho best portions of
this fertile district of the Qu'appello. Wo drove for about thirty
milos through a district which may bo described as a grand area
of ornamental lands, having a good turf, and well adapted for tillage
and mixed farming. Wo passed some cultivated lands and found tho
crops excellent, even under rather rough conditions of tillage. Tho Red
Fyfo wheat here is also regarded as the favourite variety, and on some
fields there were 35 bushels per acre, while 30 bushels to the aero were
not unfrequent. These results were the more surprising to mo as the
preparation had been so imperfect. , „ , - ,

Tho wild-fruit of this district indicates its suitability for the successful
growth of cultivated varieties. Wild strawberries, gooseberries, rasp-
berries, blueberries, and cherries were produced in abundance. Tho
wild hop here possesses a vigour of growth, an abundance of bloom, and
a high aroma, which leaves little to be desired for its perfect growth.
Over large breadths of this land wild peas were growing freely amongst
the prairie grass, strengthening the feed, and giving additional evidence
of the fertility of tho soil. This district is well supplied with water, for
not only is it very generally obtainable by wells but numerous lakelets
add beauty to the landscape and at the same time improve tho lands for

grazing purposes. ^ ^ , „ , ,

It was my privilege during my stay at Fort Qu appelle to be present
at the reception given to Sir Hector Langevin, and some specimens of
farm and garden produce were collected for tho purpose of showing him
the capabilities of the neighbourhood. Wheat, barley and oats of very
excellent quality were shown, as well as mangel wurzel and other root
crops possessing great density aud high nutritive character. Some
splendid specimens of white fish weighing 8, 9, and even 10 pounds each
were exhibited. They had been taken from tho Qu'appelle Lakes, on
the bordera of which Fort Qu'appelle is situated. Each morning I was
at the Fort, one fisherman alone brought in about 5 cwt. daily of exceed-

THE QU'aPPELLE VALLEV LANDS.

Uamc also is plentiful in the aurroimd-

ingly delicious fish of thia kind,
ing diHtrict.

From Fort Qu'appelle I accompanied Sir Hector LanRcvin to the
Ldgcley l.arm,tl.o property of ('oiouol Syi<e.s, and we inspJcLl m^^o
of the nnprovcinonts wind, are being carried out on tliat Inml q^
were about 1,000 acres under wheat^and 200 ^^IZr^J^l^^"::^
season , is intended to double the extent under crop. The I Ik 'd ns-
ing to Colonel Sykes extends over about 20,000 acres but Is not £
one block, every alternate section of G 10 aci-es being Oovernnnt Id
which has been taken up by various settlers. It is the inte ion of U.o

From this farm wo proceeded to Qu'ajipelle, which is already an
.mporant town ,,u the Canadian Pacific Railroad, and L ceiSof "

1 .oy but there is such a strong feeling in favour of the name Qu-anpello
hat there appears little probability of the name being given ""^
Quappelle, which lies about twenty nul.s to the northerns long had this
ame, having been an important trading station of 'the HuW Bay
Company for many years past, and thereby it has become a cetral point
to which all the trails of the district are dirpptorl Ti... ..!^^ ^ I

th. No,l„.W.t by .he Oa„„Jia„ r»c°2'tr;l;»,^„S^^, S'S ^
tho (Juappeilo district more gmomllj kno™, and for thi, rmon mLv
n»„ 800k to c aun a,socialio„ ,vitl> it. It i,, however, only prudont to

The Qu'appelle river, which gives its name to this district, nnis from
the southern extremity of Long Lake at a point 22 miles n^lwes
from llcgma, and after passing through tlio Ou'imnnl nllw.. « n
enters the Assiniboine lli/er, aft'^er a mn^f ItutS^mUef^hrot f
out much of Its course it follows a deep and winrln,<l Tlln,/ ^
considerably in wuith, but very goneraSrUid ^ ^ S^Q
precipitous hi 1 sides, parti.ally covered bV a small wooVs crub^thtTh
Wy^twertl^^'^"^"""*^'^ ^"^^^ '""'^"* '^''^'' like'^SS^tS

capital, who are taking up land'for^ryS*'"ltt«ls"no tg'ument

f^m'io tVi ""^ ""' ^^'^^l""- ''' ^ --^ «f «-Pital to purchaseind a
from £2 to .£4 per acre near to a railway station and a mnrlTf V-nfi

than take up free land at a great distance from bSnesrcetter go
also the variations m quality should be considered TtheTr nfluence
upon its actual value. As the free l.andx nnnr +L n i- '^'^^'^''e
Railway are so rapidly becomin^g ^SceTtl^Te L' VSt Tate^S
auds which can be had as a gift are not alwavs chcao anH Innl ' t u
have to be purchased are not necessarily delr ^' ' ^^'''^

CAPITAL.

ifiil in tho surround-

or Langevin to tho
wo inHpoctod some
1 tliat land. Tlwro
indcr oiit.s, imd nerl.
). Tho land belong-
08, but it is not in
I Oovornniont hind,
tho intention of tho
lose of tho sarao in

hich is ah-eady an
, and the centre of a
motimes known as
;hcnameQi.'appello,
ng given up. Fort
h, has long had this

tiio Hudson's Bay
:omc a central point

The opening up of
s made tho value of
r this reason many
er, only prudent to
Percnt parts, even of

1 district, nnis from

2 miles north-west
)pelle lakes, finally
[) miles. Through,
ling valley, varying
y bold and almost
ody scrub, which in
age, like a series of

I infliienced by its
;tention of men of
leeds no argument
to purchase land at
1 a market rather
siness centres. So
in their influence
I Canadian Pacific
well to state, that
', and lands which

CAPITAL.

Tho enquiry is often made— What capital is required for farming land
in tho Canadian North-West, and what return may 1)0 fairly exi)ccted
under good management 1 To this I sliall endeavoiir to give a distinct
reply. I have already given an example of able-bodied crofters entering
upon 100 acres of land successfully with a capital of £75. In my
Report of October, 1883, I gave one of many instances of working men
commencing to hold 1 GO acres of land without any capital, other than
their own labour, which they bargained away from timo to time in
exchange for ploughing, s ling, and harvest holi. rendered upon then-
own land by their employers. If wo extend the in(iuiry wo shall find
every gradation of capital, from that of labour alone uji to £1 in cash
per aero. A good deal of attention has been given to the utilization of
small and insufficient cajiitals ; but I think it a matter of great
importance to look at tho position of affairs from another stand-pomt,
and show tho manner in which a full amount of cai)ital may bo advan-
tageously employed. Before doing so, I will quote from tho published
handbooks a statement of account which is conmionly adopted f(tr show-
ing tho results arising from the use of a small capital of about £150. I
do so in order that those residtti may be fairly contrasted with tho
advantages resulting from tho use of largo and autlicicnt capitals.

Expenditure.

Rf.ceipts.

First Tear : —

One yoke of oxen ,

One coW ...

Plough and harrow

Waggon ...

Implements nnd sundries...
Cooking stove, &c. ...

Furniture

Provisions

Second Tear;—
Food an d implements

Third Tear .—
Implementa and stock ...

Fourth Teart —
Stock and implements ...

Eeceipts over expenditure,"
in addition to the value of I
stock and Implements on i
fan.:i

£
37

7
7
16
15
5
12
50

119

100

120

10'

Second Tear: —

Twenty acres wheat
Third Tear .—

Forty acres wheat
Fourth Tear : —

Seventy acres wheat

623

96
192
335

623

The increase in the value of a settler's land should also be taken into
account, for anyone taking up a free homestead really increases his

CAPITAL.

capital l)y any increase in the value uf his land, caused hy his own
improvomcntH, and l)y tlie IncreaHe of Hcttlcmont around him. It is well
known that as Hottlemcnt jiroceeds Iho neighltourinj,' lamls in( reaso in
value. TiiuH we fre(iuently find men of this elass nelcctin^ free honio-
Bteads, iniprovinf,' them, and iiavini,' Hecurcd their patents, they sell the
land witli ccmsiderablc profit, and migrate to other free homesteads with
a greatly enlarged eajjital.

I will now j)roceed to give details of the expenditure made upon throe
farms of ICO, .'120, and filO acres respectively during the spring and
sunmier of 1H84 liy good praetleal fanners, wlio had proper capital at
command. I have adilcd tlic further reijuiremcnts for each of these
farms for implements, whicli, according to the Judgment of these three
farmers, will be necessary in the spring and sununer of 1885.

Farm Stock PunciustEn.

Fahm a.

(lUO AoroK).

Kahm 11.

{ii'M AlTBD).

Faiim v.

((I4U AcroH).

£ s.

(I.

£ «.

Horses

80 0

172

600 0

Oxen

(10 0

— —

—

Pi>,'8

4 0

— —

—

Cowa .,.

12 0

280 0

WaggonH

15 0

60 0

Plouf^hs

15 0

90 0

Harrows

3 12

25 4

Small tools, &c

2 0

20 0

171 12

292

1075 4

Purchases to he made . —

8elf-))imlinfj licaper

00 0

250 0

Seeders

12 0

30 0

Mower

17 0

Rako

7 0

Sleigh

7 0

103 0

108

317 0

Cost of house and farm build- f
iiigs (

100 0

300

340 0

Total expenditure £

374 12

700

1732 4

With a convenient supply of hoi-ses and farm implements, and with
men employed to carry out the work, the cost of cultivating an acre of
wheat may be very safely calculated at the following charges : —

Bre.iking and Baeksotting
Seed ...

Sowing and Harrowing
Harvesting and Tlu-OBhing

£ 8.

0 16

0 8

0 4

0 12

£2 0 0

caused I)}' his own
ind hiui. It is well
g IivikIh iiK reaao in
ii'lcctin^' frc'o honio-
toiitH, ihcy Hcll tlio
pco homesteads with

iro made upon three
inf,' tho spring' and
il proper capital at
H for each of these
nent of these three
of 1885.

Faiim (,'.

B»).

((140 AcroD),

«. d.

0
0

600

0 0

0
0

280

0 0

4 0

0 0

1075

4 0

250

0 0

317

0 0

3iO

0 0

1732

4 0

lemcnts, and with

ivating an

ucro of

charges : —

£ 8. d.

0 16 0

. • . ...

0 8 0

0 4 0

0 12 0

£2 0 0

CAPITAL.

On good land, and with good management, from 25 to 30 bushels
may be satVly relied iip..ii, wliicli, with u i>ri(;t> ranging from 'Js. i)(l. to
3s per buslicl, giv.-H a return of about £ I jicr acre I'or tho entnv quantity
of wheat grown. It is more tliau probable tiiat in rach of tlie thmo
farms already referred to, about HO per cent, of tho land will bo sown
with wheat in the necond year. We may, therefore, extend our calcula-
tions one Htep further, so as to show the profit arising from tho growth
of wheat in each of these cases :—

Farm.

U
C

Anrcn ill
Whcnt.

130
260
520

Cost of
Whcftt.

260

520

lOtO

Viiluo iif
WboKt.

520
1040
20W)

I'rotlt.

260

520

10-10

The cost of growing tho first crop of wheat should bo added to the
capital, because tho expenditure has to be made before the crop can bo
secured I have calculated in tho foregoing statements that all the
work is done by hired men. If the fanner docs any portion of tho work,
it would diminish tho expenditure and increase tho profit ; but these
calculations will be more generally useful if wo continue to assume that
all tho labour is paid for. Wo are now in> jmsitiou to determmo tlie
lull amount of capital employed upon these farms.

Farm.

A
B
C

Extent.

Acies.
160
320
640

Implonionts
and Stock.

£ «. d.

374 12 0

700 0 0

1732 4 0

Cost of
TilliiKO.

£ «. d.

260 0 0

520 0 0

1010 0 0

Total
Cai)ital.

£ «. d.

634 12 0

1220 0 0

277? 4 0

He who has sufficient capital to cultivate his land thoroughly well
can certainly command a largo interest on his capital, as I shall hereafter
more clearly point out. If the growth of corn should bo .lecreased, m
order that a system of mixed farming may bo adopted, this change
would by prudent management, tend rather to increase than to decrease
tho general profits. There are consequently many and great induce-
ments for tho investment of capital. But we must remember that the
remaining 20 per cent, of the land— which was not calculated upon in
the above statement as yielding any direct profits-tins land will by its
production of milk, meat, poultry, and vegetables, decrease the costs of
the household to a very small amount, and tho abundant supply of game
will also tend to economise the cost within the house.

Dealing as we are in these matters of finance with most important
interests, and it may be with the welFare and happiness of many, I have

CAflTAl.

tliouglit it tloHiniltlo lo clieck tliOHo HtatoiiioiitH by information obtained
frota iiniitlu'r Moiirco. TliroiiK'li flioitiiiilni'MH of Major W. 11. Hell, of Tho
lU'll Kiirin, \slio8o knowlcd^o of tlio raniuiiiin Nortii West ranks very
hi^'ll, I havo licen Hnpiilii'il with his statt'imiit of tho c'X|K'ii(lituro wliioh
may lie advimtaKooiiMly mado iiy a gentlciiiaii in occupying' UOO aeros of
good hind, asHuniin;,' that W uori's iiro l)roll^dlt nmler en)]! in tlie first
your, 1 10 acres in tlio second, mid lUO acres in tho third year. His farm
oxpeiiditiiro is— as is in the i)ri>vioiis iustanees A, H, and <J— kqtt indu-
pendent of honsehold expenditure, and any purchase ol hind,

Faiim I).

KxrKNDITUHK IN KlIlHT YEAR.

:< HnrHcs unil IlameHH

Iliiml l'luUj,'h ...

Harrow

Waj;t,'on ...

Si't'tlur ... ,,, ,.,

Hi>lf-l)in(lin(j Roapor

H\ioklioard ...

Sk'ijjh

Cow

Labour — 1 Man 1 Year

„ Extra Man Harvest, 2 months

00 UuHhols Seed, Whoat (10 acres)
25 „ „ Oats ('J aiu'os)
I'otatooB for Planting; 1 Aero

Thriwliint^ 15(K) Huslu'la

Oats and Hay for llorses

Cottage and Farm Buildings

f. (2.

120

0 0

Ifl

0 0

8 0

0 0

305

8 0

aoo

0 0

605

8 0

EXPEKDITUBB IN SbCONI) YkaE.

Labour— 1 Man and 1 Boy

„ Extra Man, 6 months

200 Bushels Seed Whoat, at 80 cents per bushel

Seed Oats and Feed Oats

Hay ;:

Threshing 4,000 Bushels, at 6 cents per bushel .,

Twine for Binder

Contingencies

«. d.

8't

0 0

270

0 0

ifiiriimtion obtained
'iW. II. Hell, ofTho
th West ruiiks very
' i'X|K'ii(litiiro wliii.'li
iil)yiiiK' 'M) iieri'M of
LT crop in the first
linl yi'iir. liiHrarm
and {.' — kupt imli;-
ul liuid,

CAIMTAr,.

(. d.

• ••

120

0 0

,,,

0 0

<••

0 0

*f.

Ifl

0 0

• •*

0 0

...

0 0

,,,

0 0

...

0 0

1 « t

0 0

...

0 0

• ••

0 0

,,,

0 0

• ••

0 0

...

8 0

0 0

...

0 0

305

8 0

,,,

3(10

0 0

605

8 0

s. d.

• .•

0 0

**i

0 0

• . t

0 0

...

0 0

. . .

0 0

• ••

0 0

...

0 0

270

0 0

lirmmTiT*! m Tuud Tmb.

Outlay iw In Rccoml Year
Kxtm t'liHt of 'riirtMliiiiK

Wo may now bring tiioso stivtcmenta of oxpondituro into contact with
tliu rccoiiitH for tho uanio period.

270

2H2

Kxi'KNDiTt nn

ItKntirrs,

First Year .—

«.

t. d.

As per Btatoinont

605

Fir$t Yrnr : —

lUOOliUHhclH wheat, rvt

80('i'ntH p(!r buHJu'l

460 IiuhIiuIh oiUh at 10

centH jH'r bunhol ,..

100
30

0 0
0 0

Second Year : —

Ab por Btutouiont

270

3600 liuahels wheat, at
80 centH per biiHliel

SOOIjuhIioIh oats, at 40
cents per bushel .,,

600
40

0 0
0 0

Third Yean —

Third Year .—

Aa por Btatoinont

282

4750 buHht^ls wheat, at
80 cents por bushel

700

0 0

Excess of Receipts over

600 bushels ofttB, at 40

Expondituro

378

centB per bushel ...
£

0 0

1506

15'J6

0 0

Major Bell calculates that after tho third year, although tho capital
invcHted upon tho farm has been rc-paid, tho annual receipts and expen-
diture may bo calculated upon as in tho third year, showing a clear
annual profit of over £500. llesulta Huch as these aro far too important
to bo paspod without applying to them ovon a further test, and I have
therefore taken tho data given in connection with Farms A, B, and C,
so as to place thorn in coutrast with each other as well as with the
Farm D.

Fabm a.

ExPENDIinRE.

Receipts.

First and Second Year,..

Third Year

Eeceipts in excesa

£ «. d.
034 12 0
260 0 0
145 8 0

Second Year

Third Year

£ 8. d.
620 0 0
620 0 0

1040 0 0

CAPITAL.

FAnji B.

EXFENDITDBB.

Receipts.

First and Second Year...

Third Year

Receipts in excess

£ s. d.

1220 0 0

520 0 0

310 0 0

Second Year

Third Year

£ s. d.
low 0 0

1040 0 0

2080 0 0

Farm C.

EXPENniTDBE.

First and Second Year..,

Third Year

Receipts in excess

£ s. d.

2772 4 0

1040 0 0

317 16 0

4100 0 0

Receipts.

Second Year
Third Year

2080

4160

Thus in each and all of these cases, in which there was sufficient
capital at command, we have a very satisfactory uniformity in the
general results, which goes far to explain tlie immense success which is
commonly observed in Canadian farming when a proper amount of
capital is employed. These results closely confirm the statements made
in my previous Report, in which, after refemug to some excellent farms
around Brandon, I said : — " In all these cases the profits on two years'
cropping would repay the purchase of the property .tad also the outlay
for the improvements."

It is, however, desirable, whilst showing the great advantages of
having a full amount of capital, to avoid throwing any unnecessary dis-
couragement upon men having smaller sums at their disposal. These
persons are bound to take a longer time in attaining the same result.
In the cases named we have seen the accumulation of profits soon
making the receipts greater than the expenditure. Such results are
quioiily gained, because all the arrangements are thoroughly complete.
If the arrangements are less perfectly organised, proportionately more
time has to be given for securing any given result. Thei-e is, however,
one great satisfaction — for if the desired result be delayed, matters roll
on comfortably in the interval, and if some patience has to be exercised,
it is not demanded under trying circumstances.

The high percentage whicli is obtainable upon capital prudently
invested, and the si^all demand for house expenses, will leave a consider-
able sum free, year by year, available for some new investment, or for
the repayment of the capital in case of its having been borrowed. We

i\:
fi
ti

P
a:
o:
ti

ft
)l

a'
is
tl
r<

g
u

tl
a
a
fi
n
ii
ti
t(
tl

0
D

CAPITAL,

Receipts.

£ s.

• •• • •

lOtO 0

1040 0

2080 0

Receipts.

£ s. d.
2080 0 0
2080 0 0

£ 4160 0 0

there was sufficient
■ uniformity in the
nsG success which is
proper amount of
the statements made
some excellent farms
Drofits on two years'
.tad also the outlay

p.'eat advantages of
any unnecessary dis-
eir disposal. These
ng the same result,
tiou of profits soon
. Such results are
loroughly complete,
roportionately more
There is, however,
elayed, matters roll
has to be exercised,

1 capital prudently

I'ill leave a consider-

iuvestment, or for

eeu borrowed. We

arc thus compelled to consider, wlicthcr a man should limit the e.\tcnt
(if land he holds, so that he can fortiiwith cultivate the whole in an
efficient mauncr, or whether he ought to have more land at his command
upon which ho may invest his accumulating profits. There will be no
difference of opinion amongst practical minds upon this point, for it
accepted by all that as laud is cheap an additional extent ought to bo
secured so as to admit of extended operations. The enquiry rather resolves
itself into a question of degree, on which, however, opinions will differ.
My own opinion is that a man, who is farming with borrowed capital,
fidly sufficient for IGO acres — say £650 — may prudently take double
that quantity of land, in the reasonable expectation of completely
stocking 320 acres, and of paying off the borrowed capital. If, however,
lie possesses from £600 to £700 capital he may prudently give himself
a hu-ger margin for expansion. In such a case he might take an addi-
tional 320 acres of land provided he can postpone his payments in the
purchase of such land, so that they shall come witliin one-third of his
annual profits. A man having borrowed capital at his command for four
or live years certain, may fairly take 50 acres of land for each £100 lent
to him ; the longer the time ho can retain the loan the greater is the
quantity he may successfully work, and if the capital is his own he may
take 75 acres for each £100. On the other hand, the shorter the period
for which the loan is at his service, the more compact he should keep all
his operations.

In securing land to admit of such extended operations he shoidd
always be guided by the golden rule, that " What is worth doing at all,
is worth doing well." That portion only of his land which can bo
thoroughly well cultivated should be brought under the plough. The
remainder should be kept as unbroken prairie, and be used as grazing
grounds, or as lands for making hay. This will be steadily encroached
upon by the ploughs as the cultivating power of the farm increases.

Some very interesting observations were taken by Professor Glaisher
during his trip towards the Rockies, with a view of testing the quantity
of moisture in the air of the district. The difference observed between
the wet and dry bulbs ranged from 9° to 19''. These observations show
a veiy exceptional dryness of the atmosphere, for, whilst the air contains
as much water as is necessary for healthy vegetation, its moderate supply
favoui-s the growth of the most perfect hard wheats, and it raises the
nutritive character of all our farm crops to a very high standard. Its
influence upon the climate also demands a passing notice, for the excep-
tional dryness of the atmosphere must be considered when we attempt
to form any opinion upon the very high or the very low readings of the
thermometer. One settlor of whom 1 made inquiries as to the climate
of the North- West, replied : " If they would smash up all those thermo-
meters no one would know but that the winters were very enjoyable and
the summers most pleasant."

The following extracts are from an address delivered at Winnipeg on
Sept. 16th, 1884, by Sir Richard Temple, after a visit to the Canadian
North-West:—

THE SOIL— THE CLIMATE- CONDITION OP THE PEOPLE.

THE SOIL.

Hn3nV'''^'"\'f '•" w'f " T^, "^^"'"'^"t iaheritanco which has come

av ns looked down upou these beautiful plains. The cousenucnce is
that for the tune many of the old-world de4es, such as dee^ ChU
mauuruig, weeduig, and rotation of crops, can be dispensed with

THE CLIMATa

One objection in England against this country is that of the winter
1 he summers are known to be hot, but this the people are not so muJi

otS 1m^' n 1 *'" r^P°"' '''"''''' ^'''■""' -^^ wretcLres
uin ..n ; !f "'''' .^'■"'" '"1"""''^' t''^^* this description of your

^s wlZ rV" ^r^'-T "^ T'^'y '>■'"» ""^l"^'- the Hocky Moun-
F. l.n!i t ""°°'' '7"' ? '"^'^^ *''" ^'"ters somewhat like those of

w S n7 *;.' ''■*; P'-«7''^"^"^ dull. In the rest of the country the

uiteis are rather bright and cheery. The snow falls and hardens on
the ground, and there is bright weather with blue sky overhead so that
the people wa k about with the utmost facility, and oVthe wh 'e have'

tu^nf^lT.I" *'-".^'"-*"^''; ^" '"^"y P^^*« «f "^« country the res dent
tell me that the wmter IS the nicest season they have.

CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE.

The condition of the people of the North-West seems to be perfectly
satisfactory, and you must be congi-atulated thereon. I have Srved

thZh oS '•'"'■"'"' r''"!.'"r "P- S«'"« ^'' wonderfully well-buUt,
though others are rude and humble ; yet the Divine Maiestv ia rm
respecter of churches ; there are living institutions, cl rgy, cTgr^^^^^^^^
and ecclesiastica arrangements wlueh seem to be excellent. The Sole
country IS parcelled out into episcopal sees, and in all of them clergy arc
a cumulatmg. Excel ent provision is being made for education, fhere
are large schools ni the towns; and even in the sparsely inhabited
country m the mterior there is a school system. The /ccleSc^xl
religious and educational provisions are most ci-editable to the North
west ot Canada. In connection with the moral condition of the people
tint vouT^v 'T *" «7»g™tulate you heartily upon all the restrictions
that you Imve been able to maintain in Manitoba respecting the manu-

which you have righteously enforced throughout the North-West I
believe that prohibition had been introduced originally out of a charl able
and humane regard towards the Indians; but I beheve it wa fust as
good for your own people as for the Indians. ^ ^^ « as j ust as

IMMIOUATION.

andZlhf f " *' * V ^"^-^^-^^^^^^ i« «f t^« kinds, for the cattle ranche
It f .^r"'- y."" '^'' 8"**"^^ ^ '""^t excellent-the best possible
c ass, for cattle ranching. Sons of gentlemen who found every profession
at home overstocked, who could not enter the amy in the^face of he

P THE PEOPLE.

IMMIGRATION — FORT QU'aPPELLE.

itanco which has conio
iod, thousands of years
3. The cousequcuce is
such an deep ploughing,
dispensed with.

is that of the winter.
)eoplo are not so much
incss, and wretchedness
lis description of your
nder the Rocliy Moun-
somewhat lilie those of
st of the country the
f falls and hardens on
) sky overhead, so that
id on the whole have a
e country the residents
lave.

seems to be perfectly
ion. I have observed
TOiiderfully well-built,
)ivine Majesty is no
, clergy, congregations,
excellent. The whole
all of them clergy arc
for education. There
le sparsely inhabited
II. The ecclesiastical
ditable to the North-
ndition of the people,
on all the restrictions
respecting the manu-
3 upon the prohibition
the North-West. I
illy out of a charitable
aelievo it was just as

for the cattle ranche
It — the best possible
)und every profession
ny in the face of the

competitive examinations, or who could not succeed at the bar, or in the
church, and who found the counting-houses and banking establishments
all filled with clerks, are already thinking they could better their mark
by taking to catde-ranching. I would far sooner see my son a farmer,
active on horseback, making a little money and becoming independent
before he was thirty years of age, than sitting still in a lawyer's office at
homo. I have made the acquaintance of several young men well
educated and well-bred, working away on cattle ranches, healthy, bloom-
ing and hearty as young Englishmen ought to be, and who have lost
none of their good English manner, or good original culture. Even
several men high up in the professions at homo are in"ssting their
capital in these ranches.

Professor J. P. Sheldon, a well known authority on agricultural
matters, who has made four visits to Canada, spoke as follows : —

I believe, that not only will this Dominion be a great wheat-producing
countiy, the gi-eat granary decidedly of Canada and England to a great
extent, but I think you may very successfully go in for cattle-raising.
Your ranches out in the North-West, when due precaution has been
taken to avoid disaster, have turned out successful, and I think that
from Winnipeg right to the foothills of the Rockies, your whole prairie
is adapted for the raising of cattle.

W. Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S., F.G.S., Professor of Geology at the Owens
College, Manchester, spoke as follows : —

We have heard of the serious cftects which will be produced in the
mother country by the low price of wheat caused by the teeming fields
of this glorious region. Now, I do not think that is a thing to bo
regretted at all. It seems to me that if the British farmer is to be of
anv good at all, if he is able to carry out the position which he ought to
h I in this universe, if he is unable to produce wheat at the price in
the Old Country at which it can be produced in the new, the remedy is
before his very face. He must come to that region where the land
invites him ; and I for one do not see why the British fiirraer shouhl be
exempt from those commercial laws, those laws of supply and demand
which are imperative on all other classes of the community.

FORT QU'aPPELLK.

Fort Qu'appelle, which in his admirable work, " Canadian Pictures,"
the Marquis of Lome designates " the charming village of Qu'appelle,"
lies about 16 miles north of Qu'appelle station, and about 12 miles from
the Edgeley Farm Post Ollice. It has long been a favourite camping
ground for the Indians, and was selected 18 years ago by the Hudson
Bay Company for a trading station. The village is bounded on the east
and on the west by large lakes well stocked with excellent fish ; it is
sheltered on the north and on the south by well wooded hills about
300 feet in height. It contains several stores, a flour mill, where
gristing is done for farmers and othei-s, a Post and Telegraph Office, and
an excellent Hotel ; it boasts of three doctors, a Church of England
clergyman (The Rev. D. Lewis), two barristei-s, and one solicitor.

THE LEGEND OF QU Ari'ELLE.

TJic "Qu'appullc! Vitlottc," which in published iierc wnckly, is an
excellent iiewspupcr.

Its pictiu'L'siiuc situation aixl lioiuitiful surroiuidingH have attracted
to Fort t^u'ajjpelle settlers from Ontario, and from England, including
ropresentatives of both Oxford and Cambridge, retired oOicers, and
professional men.

The following poem, which ap])eared in the first numljor of the
"Qn'ajjpclle Vidctte," tells the story which accounts for the name
" (t>u'appclle," given at first to one of the Lakes, but now identified with
the district of which the lakes form the centre : —

THE I.EOEND OK QU AlU'ELLE.

Tlie setting sun sinks slowly down beliind the western hill,

While sadly souud, in the woods around, the notes of the whip-poor-will.

The evening breeze sighs lowly in its flight towards the west,

And touches, with its gentle kiss, the lake's unruiUed breast.

No wavelets break upon the beach ; the waters seem to sleep,

The mountains rise above the lake, precipitous and steep

In places, clothed with foliaj^e rich with autumn's glowing tints ;

Adown whose sides the mountain stream in sparkling brightness glints

bike a silver thread on an emerald ground — it leaps towards the lake ;

\\'hile its l)abbliug tones, as it prattles on, the faintest echoes wake.

The sun sinks lower and night comes on, stars twinkle in the sky.

And in and out of the darkening woods Hits the ))rilliaiit iiretiy.

The cricket's deafening whirr begins, the night hawk booms above,

And, not unfreijuent, conies the coo of the gentle forest dove.

But hark ! 'tis the sound of the paddle's splash, as in the wave it dips,

And the fall of the dripping water as from the oar it drips

As the paddle ceases, then once more resumes, and now darts forth

A light canoe : it rounds the tongue of land towards the north.

And points towards the shelving shore. It grates upon the strand,

And a solitary brave steps out upon the yiehling sand.

He is an Indian warrior ; this night his journey lies

Towards a spot which he can reach ere another sun shall rise.

His errand is to claim his bride upon the ensuing day.

Why stays he here ? He has heard a voice which stops him on his way.

A voice from out the darkling woods repeats his name : he cries

' ' Who calls ? " No answer comes ; his hands ho holds to aid his eyes.

And strives to pierce Che gloom around. Once more, distinct and clear.

That voice repeats his name which falls upon his startled ear.

He knows that voice, 'tis that of her who waits his coming now,

And who will ^^ ear the bridal wreath next day upon her brow.

" Who calls ? '' he shouts in faltering tones. And still comes no reply.

Echo repeats his words. The breeze goes softly whispering by.

But naught he sees. What mystery this ? He feels a sudden dread.

Oh 1 can this be a spirit voice from the realms of the dead ?

His race all know full well that such strange voices often speak.

And the very thought drives the pulsing blood away from his swarthy cheek.

He knows not what he fears, but still he fears an inward dread

Of something, for he holds that voice a message from the dead.

He speeds down swiftly to the shr— , He boards his frail bark.

And, nerved with superhuman strt -gth, he speeds o'er the waters dark.

The spray is thrown on either side aa his prow the water cleaves,

As far astern in the darkling night the shore the warrior leaves,

At length he lands once more, and now afoot he takes the road

To thb camping ground, which vrell he knew as hia cherished love's abode.

I licrc wocklj', is an

iiKliiigs have iittractcd

m England, including

retired oOicerH, and

first nunil)or uf the
counts for the name
ut now identified with

stern hill,

8 of the whip-poor-will.

Is the west,

llleil breast,

em to sleep,

il steep

glowing tints ;
ing brightness glints
ps towards the lake ;
itest echoes wake,
inkle in the sky,
•illiaiit iiretiy,
wk booms above,
forest (love,
i in the wave it dips,

it drips

1 now darts forth
ds the north,

upon the strand,
find,

n shall rise,
lay.

stops him on his way,
amc : he cries
aids to aid hia eyes,
>re, distinct and clear,
tartled ear,
I coming now,
)n her brow,
still comes no reply,
hispering by,
sis a sudden dread,
he dead ?
!8 often speak,
f from his swarthy cheek,
nward dread
3m the dead,
his frail bark,
1 o'er the waters dark,
water cleaves,
rarrior leaves,
ikes the road
a cherished love's abode.

■Mi'i^.

LETTEHS.

Tho morning sun ig rising now, the dew lies on tho grucn,

The birds sing l)lithely on tl o trees, by him unheard, unseen.

He hurries on ; afar ho sees 'ho smoko in uurliug wreaths

Ascond from wigwams whore, alas, his lovo no longer breathes.

Ho gains the spot. Ho sees a crowd near a well-known wigwam door.

He hears the death dirge, then ho knows that she is now no more.

With svmpathisiug faces now tho warriors round him pressed

And told him all tho mournful tale. His head upon bis breast

In sorrow drooued. Ho knew what meant the voice which ho had hoard

In yonder wood, and ho inijuirod what hour her death occurred. *

The time was that at which he'd heard the voice mysterious cry.

Full well he knew it was the sound of tho maiden's dying sigh.

His name she'd called before her death, and when the moment came

Tho last word that she uttered was her absent lover's name.

The warrior heard tho tale, then bent his steps towards the shore,

And entering his frail canoe was gone and seen no more.

Tho following letter was written to the manager of tho Edgeley Furni
by Mr. W. T. Jackson, of Fort Qii'aiipcUc, a member of tho North-West
Council : —

Mr. W. C. Cameron, Manager, Eilgeley Farm.

Dear Sir, — In reply to your favour of t!iu Ist May as to my opinion of
the prospects and progress of tho country, I have only to refer you to
its history for the past two yeara. Then, if history repeats itself, or if
the marvellous progressive strides which the country has made during
that time be foundation upon which to form an opinion, its progress can
only be limited by the limit of tho energy of its people. And, if its
ratio of fogress should bo according to its increase of population in
the future as it lias been in tho past, then the progress, the development,
and the place which tho Canadian North-West will take with the agri-
cultural countries of the world are, it seems to me, beyond the range of
imagination itself.

As you know, I was amongst the first settlers in the country, and I
have travelled over the greater portion of it by horse and buckboard.
Its extent is great, and its powers of production wonderful : two years
ago you could travel for hundreds of miles without an evidence of civili-
sation, and now the land is dotted everywhere with substantial buildings,
tho houses of settlers, and on every hand can be seen the results of their
labours. The prospects, to my mind, could not be brighter. The
acreage under cultivation in this vicinity — the Qu'appello district — (and
I believe it holds good throughout the settled parts of the North- West)
is ten-fold greater than last year. The small quantity of wheat which
could be marketed by our farmers, after providing for next year's seeding
and their own wants, brought good prices because of its superior quality,
and I hear noT that contracts are being freely made ahead for wheat at
75c. per bushel.

Immigrants are coming in unusually fast, and the country is being
settled by a very superior class of Old Country and Canadian fanners.
Fortunately we are free from the pauper class of Old Country emigrants
which has proved so undesirable in the United States. Our settlers are
usually men with moderate means, men of energy and detemiination,

LETTEHS.

nion who como to a uow country full of Jiopc luul prouiiso, and knit
thcniselvcs together with her iustitutiou? ; men whoso dc8irc it is to
prosper, iintl who arc glad to see prospe.-ity in their neighbours. Of
such material is the foundation of our new country being laid.

For the liritish immigrant I cun see everything attractive in the
Nortli-West as a field for settlement ; here are a people of his kind, a
country under his own flag and with !5ritish institutions. If liis means
arc limited he can secure a free house and improve it. If he prefers to
connncnce with an improved place he can, with a moderate outlay,
])urchase a farm all ready for operations. Living is becoming quite as
cheap as in older Canada or the L'nited States, and with the completion
of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the Pacific, and our comparative
nearness to the far-away East, there is no reason why living here should
not bo (p:itc as cheap as in England, and, in time, as luxurious.

I hear that you are getting on finely with your seeding and spring
work, and I feol coutident the results will bo all you hope for.
lieliova me, dear Sir,

Yours truly,

tju'appcllc, May Gth, 1881. W. T. Jackson.

The following is a translation of a letter written to the Manager of the
Edgoley Estate by the llev. Father Hugonuard, of the French lloman
Catholic Mission : —

11. C. Mission, Fort Qu'appelle,

May 8th, 1884.

As requested, I hasten, most willingly, to give my impressions of our
common adopted country — the North-west Territories — as it is not only
a country of great resources, but, unfortunately, little known. Again,
as it is a subject dear to me, I never tire of speaking of it.

It is after an experience of over ten years that I now venture to give
my observations. During this jieriod I have carefu'y studied, and by
experiments satisfied myself as to w hat the soil is capable of producing.

The cultivation of vegetables and flowers has almost exclusively taken
uj) my attention. Nevertheless, wo at the Mission have each year raised
all the cereals required for our own use. During the ten years of my
residence in this district our wheat has always rij)ened to perfection, and
last year we harvested 450 bushels of No. 1 wheat. From twelve acres
of newly-br'''.en ground, sown with barley on the sod between the 20th
and 23rd June last year, we reaped about 300 bushels of first class grain.
Oats and peas also ripen to perfection.

This year's spring operations commenced before the 15th April, and
Bowing was done by many as early as the month of March on last
autumn's breaking.

But it is for root crops especially that our soil and climate are best
adapted. I have nowhere seen potatoes and turnips so largo-sized, or
which return so large a yield, as here, and that in many instances on
lands that have been continuously worked for over fourteen years without
manure.

con
mcl
but

\
uro
tlo\

]
wit

giv
cia
mo

otl

th^

an
bo
th
wl

nc
rei
Tl
se
ce
he
be
or
d(
sr
cii
w
tl
w
hi
T
ol

LETTEI19.

promiHc, iiiul knit
loso desire it is to
ir noij^hbours. Of
oiiig liiid.

uttnictive in the
pie of his iviiid, a
1)118. If liis mciiiis
;. If he prefers to

moderato outlay,
becoming quite us
ith the completion
d our compamtive
■ living here should

luxurious,
icediiig and spring
hope for.

\V. T. Jackson.

the Manager of the
the French lloman

ort Qu'appelle,
May 8th, 1884.
impressions of our
!S — as it is not only
tie known. Again,
of it.

3W venture to give
'y studied, and by
)able of producing.
)st exclusively taken
ave each year raised
le ten years of my
d to perfection, and
From twelve acres
)d between the 20th
8 of first class grain.

le 15th April, and
I of March on last

id climate are best
)8 so large-sized, or
many instances on
urteen veara without

I have known of a yield of 30 bushels per aero of well ripened Indian
corn. Beans ripen ocpially well, cabbages grt< v to the average size, and
melons ripen even when sown in the open air. Tomatoes do well tot),
but they should first bo sown in a hotbed.

Wo have, in our garden, two npi)lo trees wliifh wintered outside, and
uro healthy and strong. Last year wc had some Sf) different 8i)ecie8 of
flowers which all blossomed, and, in almost every instance, gav. ^ecds.

Rhubarb, sorrel, parsuijjs, English onions, pansies, larkspur, Ac,
winter well outside.

All these facts, together with the excellent quality of the soil, have
given to the North-West Territory, and to the (Ju'appello district espe-
cially, a well-merited reputation, drawing to it numbers of settlers,
many of whom are from the Old Country.

A great future is assured to this country, as its vast coal-fields, and
other minerals, will add their riches to that of the soil.

Yours truly,

J. IIUGONNARD.

The Reverend J. W. Gregory, the Church of England Clergyman at
Qu'appelle Station, writes under date of March 3rd, 1885, as follows :—

I have been asked to write a short account of the district known as
tho Qu'appelle Valley, in which I have been working for the space of one
year. During this period I may say I have been incessantly on tho trail,
and visiting the farms from house to house. In my wanderings I have
been able to pick up many little facts which may be interesting to those
thinking of taking up land on tho easy terms now offered in this district,
which is rapidly assuming the proportions of a largo settlement.

First let me speak about the climate. Of the summer I shall say
nothing, for tho most fastidious can find no fault with this season. In
respect to the winter, which is just over, there is a good deal to bo said.
This season is undoubtedly cold, but those who are strong and active
seem unanimous in preferring it to the milder winters in Ontario. It is
certainly far from beiug the terrible season which those who have only
heard of and not experienced it imagine it to be. In my work I have
been obliged to travel 20 and 30 mil«8 on alternate Sundays, and not
once through all tho winter has the frost or snow prevented mo from
doing the distance. There is a certain publication which speaks of the
snow as drifting to the level of a three-storied house ; this may bo the
case in Eastern Canada, but it is certainly not true of the North-West,
where the average fall of snow is six inches, and such an object as a
three-storied house is not known. The really cold weather lasted this
winter in all 10 weeks, and during the rest of the season the weather
has been such as to permit of riding on horseback with real pleasure.
This is my expo'-ience of the winter as I have fouad it in the little town
of Qu'appelle and the district around it, which is known as the
Qu'appelle Valley.

Not being a farmer I shall not go into tho relative merits of the

VIBITOHS.

(liftbroiit (liHtrictH, but will just ^ivo ytni ud illimtmtioii of what Iioh been
(loiip hero. Last week 1 visited a Yiirnicr who lives four luiies distaut
froui tho town, luid wus shown it very fine Hnniplo of wheat, which liiid
boon grown on land brokon up tlic previous your. The cost '.1 produo-
tion was .^10 per acre, tlio yield .'10 bushels to the acre, and the farmer
had disposed of it all a. one dollar per bushel as seed whc.vt. This ease
is not an e.xcoptional one, and the e.xperience of my observation has been
that all those who have any right to call themselves farmers, and have
had some experience of the country, have been very successful with their
crops.

'('ho gi'owth which this |)lacc has attained to in three years is simply
maiTcllous. A pretty little churcii with a spire is in course of erection ;
there is a school at which the average aftendiuiee is .12, and straight
roads are being constructed in place of the old winding trails. \u,r any
further information I advise my readers to come and see for themselves,
and 1 do not think they will bo disai)pointed in their expectations.

75, Lombard Street. KC,

•2M\ Nov., 1883.
Dear Sir,— During my recent vi.,:t to the Canadian North-West I
visited your property ne .r to Qu'appelle with the object of seeing your
steam-plough at work.

I can safely compliment you on your selection, as, owing to proximity
to the main line of the Canadian Pacific llailway and to the excellence
of the land, it should prove a desirable investment.

I had heard nnich spoken in praise of the Canadian North-West, and
I must admit that my anticipations were more than realised.

I understand that it has never been your intention to farm youraelf
the land which you are bringing into cultivation, but rather to rent the
improved land or sell it with tiio option of deferred payments.

If such is your plan it certainly conmiends itself to me most highly,
ofl'ering as it docs an excellent opportunity to English gentlemen and
farmers who wish to find innnediate employment for themselves and for
their capital, and who are not disposed to travel far from the railway in
order to take up the free grants which are no longer to be found in
desirable locations except at a considerable distance from the main line.

I am,

Vours very truly,
R. Sykes, Esq., F. H. Evans.

Edgcley House, Stockport.

The following, amongst others, have visiter! the Edgeley Farm in
1884 : —

The Honom-able Alexander MacKenzie,M.P., Ex-Premier of Canada.
The Honourable Sir Hector Laxoevix, M.P., Minister of Public
Works.

ion of wlmt hoH been
C8 four miles diMtaiit
of wheat, which had
Tlie coNt •■{ proihic
^cie, tuid the furmcr
ed whc.it. This oohc
obHorvation has l)ecii
es fanners, and have
siicccHsful with tlicir

tlnve years is simply
in course of erection ;
!e is .32, and ntraight
ling trails. For any
d see for themsclvcH,
ir expectations.

trcct. RC,

:2tth Nov., 1883.
adian North-West I
)l)jcct of seeing your

I, owing to proximity
lid to the excellenco

ian North-West, and

I realised.

ion to farm youreolf

it rather to rent the

d paj'ments.

f to me most highly,

jlish gentlemen and

r themselves and for

' from the railway in

iger to be found in

! from the main line.

y truly,

F. H. Evans.

e Edgeley Farm in

x-Prcmier of Canada.
Minister of Public

visiTons.

The Honourable HErxon ('amkkon, M.P., and Mrs. ('AMriuiv, Toronto.
Mr. Kenndtii H. Cameuon, Argyll and Suthcriuud IligldanderH,

Portsnioiith.
Mr. J. (!. Coi.MKU, 9, Victoria Chambers, London, S.W.
Mr. (lEOiKiK Kade {.Messrs. Thomas Cook and Son), Ludgato Circus,

London, H.C.
Mr. James II. DidDAi.R, Coldhain Hall, Wiabonoh.
Mr. .1. FvANH, Herald Otlice, Carnarvon.
Captain (i. PiiiTi iuiidUavnei!, .\nglcsca.
Professor 11. Tannkk, .\I.1!..V.('., F.C.S., Institute of Agriculture,

South Kensington, London.
Captain Ueihouu Pim, II.N., Lower Norwood, London.
Mr. IlKSitv I'lM, ditto.

Mr. John Caiismn, Uoyal Avenue, Belfast.

Sir James N. Doi (ii.as, Knginecr-in-Chief, Trinity House, London, K.C.
Lady Douoi.ah and .Miss Doliii.am, Stella House, Dulwich, nr. London.
Professor 1. Vibiamu Ji).\'t>j, University College, Cardiff, and Mrs. L

ViiUAMU Jones.
Professor.) AMES Claisijeb, C.E., F.H.S., Dartmouth Place, Hluuiihoath,

[..ondon.
Mr. and Mi-s. Geoikie Ruhsei.i,, Hoe Place House, Plymouth.
Mr. AncuD. A. Praxkeud, Trinity College, Oxford.
Mr. F. iL Bl'uton, F.C.S., Hightield, (iainsborough, Lincolnshire.

On August 14th, 1884, Capt. Bedford Pim and narty, members of the
British Association, drove from Qu'nppelle Station to the head quarters
of the Edgeley Estate (sec on map Edgeley Farm Post Office), thence iu
a west.rly direction for five miles, where they and other visitors, num-
bering forty in all, partook of luncheon at the farm of Messrs. James and
Kobert Smith. After luncheon the party drove northward and, striking
the Moose Jaw trail, po-ssed on to the ranche of Messrs. Fiennes and
Fetherstonhaugh, where afternoon tea was provided, after which they
reached the village of Fort Qu'appelle. On August l.')th, after spending
the morning at Fort (Qu'appelle, the party drove along the northern
shore of the Lake to the Roman Catholic Mission, thence to Katepwa
and over the prairie to Indian Head, where, after inspecting the Bell
Farm, and enjoying the hospitality of Major and Mi-h. Bell, they took the
train the same evening for Wimiipeg.

Further pixrticiilnrH ns totlie E(l)»olcy Rstato, with maps mul priccH of
any of tho suctioiiM, amy be hiul on nppli'iitioii to

UICIIAUD SYKES, KHq.,

K(l<i;olcy IIouHo,

Stockport, KukIiuiiI,

Or to

WILLIAM ('. CAMERON, Esq.,

Eilgeloy Farm Pont Office,

Qu'appcllo Station,

N.W. Territory of Canada.

tt-aa.

T. Howler & Co., Printers, Cannon Street, Manchester,

;h maps mid priccH of

1180,

Stockport, Knii;luuil,

Rice,
tation.
Territory of Caimila.

ncliester,

MAP SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE EDGELEY EST)

THE ESTATE, COMPRISING 20,000 A(

^ Ranges. XX

EDGELEY ESTATE, QU'APPELLE, A88INIB0IA, N.W. TERRITORY OF CANADA^

OMPRISING 20,000 ACRES, IS SHEWN IN RED. EACH RED SQUARE CONTAINS 640 ACRES.

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