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THE

COLEOPTERA

THE BRITISH ISLANDS.

A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE FAMILIES, GENERA, AND
SPECIES INDIGENOUS TO GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND,
WITH NOTES AS TO LOCALITIES, HABITATS, ETC.

BY THE

REV. CANON FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.

SECRETARY TO THE EnromoLoGricaL Society oF Loxpox, anp Eprror (ror COLEOPTERA) OF
THE “‘ Exstomotoeist’s MonTHLY Macazrse.”’

VOL. V.
HETEROMERA—RHYNCHOPHORA—ABNORMAL COLEOPTERA.

LONDON:
L. REEVE AND CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1891.

—"

PREFACE TO VOL. V.

In issuing the concluding Volume of this work, I feel that acknowledge-
ment is due to the many supporters who have helped to make it a
success, and to the many friends who have so kindly assisted me with
information as to habits and localities, or by the loan of specimens ;
besides those whom I have mentioned (Vol. I. Preface, p. vi.), I am
especially indebted to Mr. S. Stevens, Mr. H. Moncreaff, Mr. W. F. H.
Blandford and Dr. A. Chapman, and also to Mrs. Power for kindly
placing Dr. Power’s collection at my disposal.

At the beginning of Vol. I. (Preface, p. xviii.) I expressed my inten-
tion of discussing the classification adopted in the work at its conclu-
sion ; the chief points, however, have been alluded to under the different
divisions and families, and I have therefore abandoned the idea of
dealing further with the subject, especially as I see no reason for
altering the general classification in the present state of our know-
ledge.

As I before said, in a work like the present, in which so many details
have to be examined and verified, and many thousand references to
localities collected and tabulated, it is impossible to avoid some errors
and inaccuracies ; from the few, however, that have been brought to my
notice, I am induced to hope that they are far less than might have
been expected ; I may perhaps say, in this connection, that the charac-
ters assigned to the divisions, families, genera, etc., are such as will
apply to them universally, or at all events as far as the European fauna
is, concerned, except in a few cases in which it is especially mentioned
that they apply to British species only, and in one or two instances in
which I have, in error, adopted characters which I have afterwards found
not to be universal (e.g. Anthicide, Vol. V. pp. 3 and 83, on which a

vi PREFACE.

note is added at the end of the volume), From the letters and com-
munications which I have received during the progress of the work, I
am led to think that the hope I expressed, in the Preface to Vol. I., that
it might, at all events, prove of some help towards encouraging the
study of our native Coleoptera, has been to a certain extent realized. If
such has been, or shall be, the case, I shall be well rewarded for the
close work and sacrifice of spare time which it has of necessity

entailed.

THE ScHoot Hovusz, Lincozn,
July, 1891.

Vol. I.,

Vol. IL,
Vol. IIT.,

Vol. IV.,

In Vol I.,

: ERRATA.

p. 80, 1. 4 from bottom, for “ tibie,” read ‘‘ tarsi.”

p. 87, 1. 32, for “elytra,” read “ thorax.”

p. 195, 1. 21, for “‘ posterior tarsi,” read “ anterior tarsi.”

p. 36, 1. 18, for “ A. Waterhousei,” read “‘O. Waterhousei.’’
p- 57, 1.12 from bottom, for “‘ 43-8 mm,” read ‘*43-5 mm.”
p. 96, 1. 12, for “* Kew,” read “ Ken.”

p- 210. 1. 28, for “thorax,” read “ forehead.”

p. 229, 1. 14, for 2 mm.,”? read “ 4 mm.”

p. 337, for C read c, and for D read d.

p. 378, 1. 8 from bottom, omit “ thorax duller*’ ; and 1.7 from bottom,
omit “‘ thorax more shiny.”’

p- 102, 1. 6, for ‘‘ shorter’’ read “ longer.”
Plate A., Figs. ii. and iii. it is the wnder-side of the beetle which is in

each case represented (as mentioned in the text) by the left-hand portion of the
figure, and not the upper portion under the elytra (which is represented in Fig. i.) ;
this point was criticized ina review in “ Nature,’ and might certainly prove mis-
leading, if not explained.

Description of Plate CL. (Illustrated Edition) for ‘‘ Notoxus paradoxus,” read

Description of Plate CLII., figs. 12, 13, for “ populeti,” read “ betuleti.”

INDEX TO PLATES.

Plates 1 to 36 are contained in Vol. 1.

146 | Agabus abbreviatus, F. ‘
86 affinis, Payk. 3 ‘ :
Acalles roboris, Curt. . wos | arcticus, Payk. . : e
turbatus, Boh. ; ey Al bipustulatus, LD. . -
Acalyptus carpini, F. . : - 168 bronneus, F.. ‘ :
Acanthocinus edilis, D. - . chalconotus, Panz. . .
Achenium depressum, Grav. . 2 congener, Payk. : .
humile, Nie. . . a : conspersus, Marsh. .
Acidota crenata, F. - didymus, Ol. ‘ ° ‘
cruentata, Mannh. . ‘ guttatus, Payk. . 5
Acilius noes De G. P nebulosnus, Forst. -

triguttata, Gyll. ‘
Abrus globosus, Hoff.

a Pee ae p re

2 71 23 98 23 2? 3.

» 99 ,, 142 ” » 4

» 143 eel 180 >? ” 5.

PLATE

Aspera bifasciata, Marsh. . 146 | Aépus marinnos, Strém. . -
flexuosa, Payk. . 146 Robinii, Ladould. 2 2
quadrifasciata, Steph. . 146 | Aétophorus imperialis, Germ.

sulcatus, L = paludosus, FP. . rs
Acritus minutus, Herbst. F: striolatus, Gyll. P
punctum, Aubé. f Sturmii, Gyll. . :
Acrognathus mandibularis, Gyll. 4 nliginosus, Z. .
\ Acrulia inflata, Gyll. . é ;

Actidium coarctatum, Hal. .

Actinopteryx fucicola, Al/. . :

Actobius prolixus, Er. . ‘
signaticornis, Rey. ‘

Agaricochara levipennis, Kr.
Agaricophagus conformis, Er.
Agathidium atrum, Payk. .
nigripenne, Kug.= . :
rhinoceros, Sharp.
seminulum, Z. .
varians, Beck. .
Agelastica alni, L.
Aglenus brunneus, Gy/ll.
Agrilus biguttatus, F. .

Actocharis Readingii, Sharp.
Acylophorus glabricollis, Boisd.
Acupalpus earn el Sturm.

a consputas, Duft. - F
dorsalis, F.. Fs " u ‘
exiguus, Dej. < ‘ é %
v. luridus, Dej. . ; , -

a flavicollis, Sturm. Palen) :

123
62
62
68
68
81
86
86
67
70 | Agapanthia lineatocollis, Don.
80
79
60
60
50
55
6
7
6
6
7 laticornis, Zll. . :
6
7

a sinuatus, Ol. - =
: meridianus, LZ. . : 5 Agriotes lineatus, ZL. . F
y Adalia bipunctata, L. . 81 obscurus, DL. ; - F
: bothnica v. crucifera, Weise. 81 sobrinus, Kies. F
obliterata, L. ze ivi BE sordidus, II. ‘ =
Adimonia elandica, Bohs . - 134 | Aleochara algarum, Faw. .
tanaceti, e ° . 134 bipunctata, Ol. *
Adrastus limbatus, Cae i 107 brevipennis, Grav. . :

pusillus, Herbst. 7 - - 108 brunneipennis, Kr. .
, arenaria.F. . . . 102 eT tS
“ rufa, F. Z F ‘i - 102 fascipes, F. . 3 .
% sabuleti, Payk. F - . = 102 lanuginosa, Grav.

moesta, Grav. . 3 4
morion, Grav. . P Pate
mycetophaga, K7, 5 ‘ %
nitida, Grav. . ‘ 5 E
obscurella, Grav. = : :
ruficornis, Grav. . .
spadicea, Er, ‘ : .
tristis, Grav. . 3 .
Alexia pilifera, Mull. .
Alianta incana, Er. m ‘ é
plumbea, Wat. . : is
Alophus triguttatus, F..
Alphitobius diaperinus, Pane. *
piceus, Ol.
Alphitophagus quadripustulatus,

Steph.
Amalus hemorrhous, H erbst. é
Amara alpina, F. . 3 .
apricaria, Sturm. ‘
aulica, Pang. -

consularis, Duft. .
convexiuscula, Marsh.
familiaris, Duft.
fulva, De G. ;
fusca, Dej. . ~
infima, Duft. <
ovata, FP. . =
patricia, Duft. .
plebeia, Gyll. .
Quenselii, Schin.
rufocincta, Dej. .
spreta, Dej. :
strenua, Zimm. .
tibialis, Payk.
trivialis, Gyll.
Ammececius brevis, Er.
Amphicyllis globus, #. . ‘
v.ferrugineum, Sturm.
mphizoa insolens, Leconte. .
Am photis marginata, Er.
Anaczena bipustulata, Sleph.
globulus, Payk. . . A
Anaspis flava, L. .
frortalis, LD.
Garneysi, Fowler.
Geoffroyi, Mull.
maculata, Mourc.
ruficollis, F.
ruofilabris, Gy.
subtestacea, Steph.
Anatis ocellata, D. P
Anchomenns albipes, F’.
angusticollis, F. .
dorsalis, Mill. .
ericeti, Panz.
fuliginosus, Panz.
gracilipes, Duft.
gracilis, Gyll.
livens, Gyll.

@ 6. el es @

Se ee eee a
Gr ae De. eS” Oy tae ee ee eee, ok

oe S64.) ee

°
.
.
.

INDEX TO PLATES,

marginatus, D. .
micans, Nic.
oblongus, Stwrm.
parumpunctatus, F.
piceus, Ll. . “
puellus, Dej. 3

* Sahlbergi, Chaud.
scitulus, Dej.
sexpunctatus, L.,
Thoreyi, De. .
versutus, Gyll. .
viduus, Panz,

.
.
.
.
7
.
.
.
.
.
.

Weare, Rae) Bw

’ Ancistronycha abdominalis, F.

Ancyrophorus aureus, Fauv.
Anisodactylus binotatus, I. .
peeciloides, Steph. .
Anisosticta novemdecimpun ctata,
Anisotoma calcarsta, Er.
ciliaris, Schmidt.
cinnamomea, Panz.
nigrita, Schmidt,
obesa, Schmidt. .
parvula, Sahlb. .
punctulata, Gyll.
rugosa, Steph,
Anisoxya fuscula, IU/.
Anitys rubens, Hoff.
Anobium denticolle, Panz.
domesticum, Foure.
paniceum, LZ. .
Anomala Frischii, FF. . :
Anommatus 12-striatus, Wesm.
Anoplodera sexguttata, F.
Anoplus plantaris, Naez, :
Anthaxia nitidula, DL. . ‘
Antherophagus nigricornis, F.
pallens, Gy/I. é
Anthicus angustatus, Curt.
antherinus, lL.
bimaculatus, I/l.
floralis, Thoms. .
humilis, Germ. .
instabilis, Curt. .
salinus, Crotch.
scoticus, Rye. .
Anthobium minutam, F.
ophthalmicum, Payk. 5
torquatum, Marsh.
Anthocomus fasciatus, L.
rufus, Herbst.
terminatus, Men.
Anthonomus comari, Crotch. .
pedicularius, L.. :
pomorum, LZ. ‘
Rosine, Des Gozis.
rubi, Herbst, A
ulmi, De G.. -
varians, Payk. .
Anthopbagus alpinus, Payk. «

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

. “.

testaceus, Grav. .

Anthrenus scrophulariz, L.

varius, F. .

Aphanisticus pusillus, Ol.

Aphodius ater, De G..
erraticus, L. A
feetens, F .
fossor, LZ,
heemorrhoidalis, FA
inquinatus, PF. .

scybalarius, F.
sordidus, F. :
sticticus, Panz. .
tessulatus, Payk.
Zenkeri, Germ. .

Aphthona atro-ccerulea, ‘Steph.

herbigrada, Curt.
Tutescens, Gyll. .
nigriceps, Redt. .
nonstriata, Goeze.
venustula, Kuts. .
virescens, Foudr.
Apion wneum, F. .
zethiops, Herbst. .
affine, Kirby.
apricans, Herbst. .
astragali, Payk. .
atomarium, Kirby.
carduorum, Kirby.
confluens, oe
cracer, DE. .
Curtisi, Walt .
difforme, Germ.
ebsninum, Kirby.
ervi, Kirby . 7
genistex, Kirby.
hematodes, Kirby
Hookeri, Kirby .
humile, Germ.
levicolle, Kirby
peewee 5 Kirby .
malve, F. .
miniatam, Germ.
minimum, Herbst.
nigritarse, Ie iis
pisi, £. :
pomonze, F.
punctigeram, Payk.
radiolus, Marsh. .
rubens, Steph. s -

“8 © © © © © » #

INDEX TO PLATES.

PLATE

rufirostre, F. :
seniculum, Kirby ‘
Korbi, Fic < . - - :
striatum, Marsh. : :
subolatum, Kirby
tenue, Kirby : . :
ulicis, Forst. F . a
unicolor, Kirby . - =
urticarium, Herbst. .
violaceum, Kirby 3
vorax, Herbst.

Apoderus coryli, L.

Apteropeda globosa, I.

orbiculata, Marsh. . ‘ :
Aromia moschata, Z. . 3
Arpedium ah ed Spe ig Grav. =
Asclera cerulea, D. = ‘

sanguinicollis, F. ;
Asemum striatum, 2 .
Aspidiphorus orbiculatus, Gyll.
Astilbus canaliculatus, F. .
Atactogenus (Cneorrhinus) exa-

ratus, Marsh. % :
Atemeles emarginatus, Grav.
paradoxus, Grav. 3 - :

Athous difformis, Lac. . ‘
-hemorrhoidalis, F. . A ‘
longicollis, Ol. X
niger, Z. . ° . :

rhombeus, Ol. .

subfuscus, Miill. < ‘ ;

undulatus, De G. 3 : i

vittatus, F.. : . :
Atomaria fimetarii, Herbst. ‘

fuscipes, Gyll. . : ; i

gutta, Steph. : ‘ : q
linearis, Steph. . = é ;
mesomelas, Herbst. . ‘ :
nigripennis, Payk. . =
nigriventris, Steph. . _ J
ruficornis, Marsh. - < ;
Attagenus pellio, ZL... .
trifasciatus, F. F -
Attelabus eurculionoides, F.
Autalia impressa, Ol.
puncticollis, Sharp. e
Axinotarsus pulicarius, F. .
ruficollis, Ol. - F ‘

BADIsTER bipustulatus, PF. . 2
peltatus, Panz. . . : =
sodalis, Duff . : é ‘
unipustulatus, Bon. . =

Bagous alismatis, Marsh.
argillaceus, Gyll. -
brevis, Schinh.
cylindrus, Payk .
limosus, Gyll
nodniosus, Gyll .

xii INDEX TO PLATES, re

PLATE
tempestivus, Herbst. . : 2d 68
Balaninus betule, Steph. . mya Cs

nucum, Ll. . : ° =n deo
pyrrhoceras, Marsh - : se
rubidus, Gyll_ . . «kha eves
salicivorus, Payk. : j 146
turbatus, Gyll. . ‘ : pe ks:
venosus, Grav. . . * meng 3
villosus, F. . F a; ze
Baptolinus alternans, Gr av. . Pe 2!
Baris analis, Ol. . A . Bees by (55

laticollis, Marsh . ; ; a 5"
picicornis, Marsh”. F Bere Wy fs,

scolopacea, Germ. . : seid
Barynotus elevatus, Marsh . sak
obscurus, F. + abOk
Bary peithes sulcifrons, Boh. . - 159
Bathyscia Wollastoni, Jans. . «75
Batophila srata, Marsh. ‘ . 138
rubi, Payk. ‘ ’ . 188
Batrisus venustns, Reich. ; raeey ik:
Bembidium adustum, Schaum. sles
geneum, Germ. . ; 5 seu. 46
affine, Steph. : ; 5 eretake
anglicanum, Sharp. . $2 ieee
articulatum, Panz . . a ALO

assimile, Gyll. . . > oaakG
biguttatum, fF. . : sae OD
bipunctatum, Z,. , : ees
bruxellense, Gyll. : . See
Clarki, Daws. . 5 ‘ Pyne 383
concinnum, Steph. . ; +2 ke

decorum, Panz. . ; , me
doris, Panz. : : ‘ ete
ephippium, Marsh. . ‘ eee)
flammulatum, Clairv. . = ek

fluviatile, Dej. . ; : nae ke
fumigatum, Du/t. ‘ ‘ esa
gilvipes, Sturm, . . ‘ siti dso

guttula, F. ‘ ‘ ‘ ae
lampros, Herbst. F F Mabe
littorale, Ol. : . 5 pees
lunatum, Duft. . E R nehe
minimum, Ff. . ; q Ref
monticola, Sturm. . hyve

nigricorne, Gyll. i erates Uy |
nitidulum, Marsh . ; rhe

obliquam, Sturm. : ‘ ot gho
obtusum, Sturm. ‘ . 3
pallidipenne, Il. ° : mask
paludosum, Panz. , . susie?
prasinum, Duft. . - ; a he

punctulatum, Drap. . S feantes aot
quadriguttatum, F. . ° eee,

quinquestriatum, Gyll. ‘ Saree
rufescens, Guer. s ; oy ae
saxatile, Gyll. . P a per
Schiippeli, De. . - ; Sue Be
stomoides, Dej. . ‘ ‘ eye

testaceum, Duft. ‘
tibiale, Duft. a
varium, Ol.

Berosus affinis, Brulle,
luridus, L. ‘
signaticollis, Charp.
“spinosus, Stev.

Bibloporus bicolor, Denny.

Bidessus geminus, F,
minutissimus, Germ. .
unistriatus, Schr. ‘

Blaps mucronata, Latr. :
similis, Latr.

_ Bledius arenarius, Payk.

crassicollis, Lac. ‘
dissimilis, Hr. .
opacus, Block. .
spectabilis, Kr. .
subterraneus, Er,
taurus, Germ. .
unicornis, Germ. 3
Blethisa multipunctata, L.
Bolitobius exoletus, Er.
lunulatus, L. :
pygmeus, F,
trinotatus, Er. .
Bolitochara bella, Maerk.
lucida, Grav,
obliqua, Lr,
Bolitophagus reticulatus, L.
Borboropora Kraatzi, Fuss.
Bostrichus capucinus, L,
Brachida notha, Er.
Brachinus crepitans, L.
explodens, Dujt.
sclopeta, F. :
Brachypterus gravidus, il,
urticz, Kug.

Brachysomus echinatus, Bonsd.

Brachytarsus fasciatus, Forst.

varius, F. .
Bradycellus cognatus, Gills”

distinctus, De).

harpalinus, De).

placidus, Gyll.

similis, Dej.

verbasci, Duft .
Brontes planatus, DL.
Broscus cephalotes, L. .
Bruchus atomarius, LZ. .

canus, Germ.

cisti, F. 4 ; ‘

lentis, Boh. : <

loti, Payk. -

pectinicornis, L.

pisi, L.

rufimanus, Boh.

rufipes, Herbst.

villosus, F.

Bryaxis fossulata, Reich. .
hzmatica, Reich. - ‘
impressa, Panz. . : =
juncorum, Leach. :

Brychius elevatus, Panz. .

Bryoporus castanenus, rage

Byctiseus betuleti, F. .
populi, L. . : ‘

Byrrhus dorsalis, Rak. ‘

pilula, L.

Bythinus bulbifer, Reich.

Burrellii, Denny. r

ratus, Rye. .
puncticollis, Denny.
securiger, Reich:

Byturus tomentosus, F. -

Cznopsis fissirostris, Walt. .
-Waltoni, Schénh. 3

Cznoscelis ferruginea, Thoms.

Cafius cicatricosus, Er. .
fucicola, Curt. =
sericeus, Holme... .
xantholuma, Grav. .

Calandra granaria, DL. .

oryze, DL. . ~ 5
Calathus cisteloides, Panz.

piceus, .
Callidium alni, L. .
sanguineum, L. .
yariabile, L. ‘
violaceum, Z. .
Callistus lunatus, F.
Calodera nigrita, Mann.

riparia, Er. = :

Calosoma inquisitor, Bis ;
sycophanta, L. .
Calyptomerus dubius, Marsh.
Campylus linearis, L.
Carabus arvensis, F.
auratus, Z. .
catenulatus, Scop.
clathratus, DZ. .
convexus, F.
glabratus, Payk.
granulatus, D. .
intricatus, DZ. .
monilis, F. . :
nemoralis, Mill. .

nitens, L.

violaceus, DL.
Carcinops minima, Aubé
Cardiophorus asellus, Er.
Carpophilus hemipterus, L.

INDEX TO PLATES. xiii

a ire: Ce) Be) Core

Scecbaweecnoumsluatesane

120

~~
le Ram}
Tor

mutilatus, Zr. . 3 87
Cartodere elongata, Curt. . - 92
filum, Aubé. ‘ ‘ 92
Cassida equestris, F. : 142
fastuosa, Schall. . F A -.142
filaveola, Thunb. » 142
hemisphzrica, Herbst. - 142
murreza, L. é : ae &
nebulosa, L. 5 = 5 - 142
nobilis, Z. . : F 142
oa a Be . 142
vibex, Ff . 3 = 142
viridis, F. . 2 142
vittata, Vill., nec F. . 5 142
Cathartus advena, Waoltl. . 2+ 29S
Cathormiocerus maritimus, Rye . 158
socius, Boh. r = = 158
Catops sericeus, F. - 7a
Caulotrypis eneopiceus, Boh. 177

Cephennium 1 ear a Mell. . 76

Cercus pedicularius, L. 87
rufilabris, Latr. . . 87
Cercyon hemorrhonus, Gyll. . . - 36
littoralis, Gyll. . A = - 36
melanocephalus, L. . ‘ . 36
obsoletus, Gyll. . ‘ oy 86
quisquilius, L. . . ° we) - 3B
unipunctatus, L. 36
Cerylon fagi v. excavatum, Fowler. 85
ferrugineum, Steph. . 4 eu" BS
histeroides, F. . F i sie
Cetonia aurata, L. : : - 103
floricola, Herbst. - F ‘ 103

Ceuthorrhynchidius chevrolati Bris. 174

Dawsoni, Bris. . - ae f
horridus, PF. : # 174
posthumus, Germ. . - 173
pyrrorbyncus, Marsh. ‘ - 178
quercicola, Payk. : ‘ - 174
terminatus, Herbst. = hay!
troglodytes, F. . ° 174
Ceuthorrhynchus asperifoliaram,

i. p é 173
assimilis, Payk. ‘“ : 172
chrysanthemi, Germ. . ‘ 173
cochleariz, Gyll. 5 E - 172
constrictus, Marsh. . = 172
cyaneipennis, Germ. . ° - 173
erice, Gyll. . ‘ ° Poe yr’
erysimi, F. . . - 172
Sernbions, Goeze. . . 173
litura, F. . . = «ZS
melanostictus, Marsh. ‘ . 173
pleurostigma, Marsh. . 173
pollinarius, Forst. . 173
punctiger, Gyll. . ° - 173
resed@, Marsh. . . - « 173
verrucatus, Gyll. - 173

Cheetarthria seminulum, Herbst. . 33

XiV INDEX TO PLATES,

PLATE

Chetocnema confusa, Boh. . . 140
hortensis, Foure. - , ° . 140
Sahlbergi, Gyll.. : ° . 140
subccerulea, Kuts. . = . 140
Chilocorus similis, Rosst 4 pete
Chilopora longitarsis, Zr. . - 40
rubicunda, Er. . ‘ a s» 40

Chlenius holosericeus, F. . . 6
nigricornis, FP. : ; > i 6
Schrankii, Daft. . A ‘ : 6

vestitus, Payk. . : § ‘ 6
Choleva agilis, 7d, é ° mi (4D
angustata, FP. . ; - 74
anisotomoides, Spence ; 02 FE
chrysomeloides, Panz. a, Te TD
fusca, Panz. : 5 r eee

grandicollis, Zr. ae Wo tehO
nigricans, Spence. ‘

spadicea, Sturm. i 74
tristis, Panz. ‘ ‘ Ree
velox, Spence. . $ E oxin€t
Watsoni, Spence. 4 ; pte i)
Wilkini, Spence . F mee
Choragus maaan Kirby ; - 152
Chrysomela Banksi, F, w - 10
cerealis, L. 2 = Ee ow
didymata, Seriba § Poem b2 1
fastuosa. Scop. . j ‘ - 130
goettingensis, L. é A . 130
graminis, DL. ° ° . . 130
hemoptera, LZ. . 3 " . 130
hyperici, Forst. . ‘ = ABE
marginalis, Duft. ' ; - 130
marginata, L : - 130

orichalchia, Mill. ‘ ‘ sv ASL
polita, Z. . A ;: ee iE

sanguinolenta, DL. = : . 130
staphylea, LZ. . 4 . . 130
varians, Schall. ‘ ‘ «80
Cicindela campestris, I. . ; 1
gehen y ‘ : . 1
hybrida, L. ° ‘ ‘ % if
sylvatica, Z. . ‘ : 1
Cicones variegatus, Hellw. r «) » 84
Cilea silphoides, LD. : ‘ nee

Cillenus lateralis, Sam.. . 26
Cionus blattarie, FPF. : oat
hortulanus, Marsh ., ‘ TL
pulchellus, Herbst. . Z mee? a |
scrophulariz, L. . ° wget
tuberculosus, Scop. . . 5 CEE:
Cis alni, Gyll. A 5 7 onto
bidentatus, Ol. . ; Ag
bilamellatus, Wood. . ‘ ks ee)
boleti, Scop. * s : + aat9

fuscatas, Mell. . » 119
Cissophagus hedera, Schmidt. spd ZS
Cistela ceramboides, L.. « 145

luperus, Herbst. . . . . 145

murina,Z. .
Clambus pubescens, Redt,
Claviger testaceus, i
Cleonus albidus, F,
nebulosus, LZ. .
sulcirostris, L.
Clinocara tetratoma, Thoms. *
undulata, Kr. ;
Clivina collaris, Herbst, ‘

7 BO ne) Ge

fossor, Z.
Clythra quadripanetata, L.
Clytus arcuatus, DL.
-arietis, Z, . a ‘ 7
mysticus, LZ, 3 :
Cnemidotus impressus, F,
Coccidula rufa, Herbst. . F
scutellata, Herbst. .
Coccinella decempunctata, i
quinquepunctata, L. . :
septempunctata, DZ. .
Codiosoma spadix, Herbst.
Ceelambus confluens, F. . 2
decoratus, Gyll. .
impressopunctatus, Schall. .
ineequalis, F. 4 .
novemlineatus, Steph. é
parallelogrammus, Ahr.
versicolor, Schall. js :
Coeliodes cardui, Herbst. .
erythroleucus, Gmel. . ‘
geranii, Payk.§ . :
quadrimaculatus, DL.
quercus, F. . = .
ruber, Marsh. . : >
rubicundus, Herbst. . °
Coenocara bovistee, Hof. .
Colenis dentipes, Gyll. *
Colon brunneum, Zatr,
dentipes, Kr. . : 5
latum, Kr. . >
Colydium elongatum, F
Colymbetes fuscus, Z. . ’
Compsochilus palpalis, Hr. ,
Coninomus nodifer, Westw. .
Conopalpus testaceus, Ol.
Conosoma bipunctatum, Grav.
littoreum, LD. : >
lividum, Zr. “
pubescens, Grav.
Copris lunaris, L. . ;
Coprophilus striatulus, F.
Corticaria pubescens, Gy/ll.
umbilicata, Beck.
Corylophus cassidioides, Marsh.
Corymbites eneus, L, ;
bipustulatus, D. . :

castaneus, L. d * °
cupreus, F. 3 z :
holosericeus, Ol... . .

impressus, fy ha ae
metallicus, Payk. a
pectinicornis, L. :
quercnus, Gyll. .

-e v. ochropterus, Steph.
Corynetes ceeruleus, De G. .
Coryphium angusticolle, Steph.
Cossonus ferrnugineus, Clairv.
Creophilus maxillosus, L. .
Crepidodera aurata, Marsh. .

chloris, Foudr. . 4 =

nitidula, i. r :
rufipes, I. . : F
smaragdina, Foudr. 2 F
transversa, Marsh. . Z
Crioceris asparagi, L.
duodecim-punctata, Z

lilii, Scop. .
Cryphalus a whiotin: Ratz. -
binodulus, Ratz. . ‘ 4

fagi, Nord. . : ‘
tiliz, Panz..

Cryptarcha imperialig, F.
strigata, F. .
Crypticus quisquilius, hi

INDEX TO PLATES.

Cryptobium glaberrimum, Herbst. *

Cryptocephalus aureolus, Sufr.
biguttatus, Scop. . $ a
bilineatus, DL. . Z 3
bipunctatus, LD. . .
coryli, L. . °
decemmaculatus, Ex; -
falvus, Goeze . : F
hypocheridis, L. - 5
labiatus, ie. ce ~ *
morei, L. ; ~
ochrostoma, Har. : :
parvulus, Mull, :
primarius, Har. . :
puoctiger, Payk. .
pusillus, F.. : :
sexpunctatus, L.

Cryptobypnus dermestoides, Herbst.

maritimaus, Curt. .

ee agen F.. :
Tiparius, F. . Se 93
sabulicola, Boh. .

Cryptophagus acutangulus, Gy ‘

bicolor, Sturm. . =
cylindrus, Kies. . A :
lycoperdi, Herbst.
populi, Payk. J
pubescens, Sturm.
ruficornis, Steph.
saginatus, Sturm.

or io a en

Cryptopleurum atomarium, Muls, .

Cryptorrhynchus lapathi, LD. .

PLATE

Cteniopus sulphurens, D.
Curculio (Hylobius) abietis, L
Cybister Roeseli, Fiiss. . :
Cychramus luteus, FF. . 3
Cychrus rostratus, 2. .
Cyclonotum orbiculare, F.
Cymbiodyta ovalis, Thoms.
Cymindis axillaris, FP. .
vaporariorum, L. 4 4
Cyphon coarctatus, Payk. -
padi, L. Z - ’
pallidalus, Bok. .
variabilis, Thun. .
Cyrtotriplax bipustulata, F..
Cytilus varius, F. . 2

DacneE humeralis, F. :
rufifrons, F.

Dascillus cervinus, L.
Dasytes moe F, -
niger, L.

plumbeo- -niger, Goeze .
Deinopsis erosa, Steph. .
Deleaster dichrous, Grav. .
Deliphrum crenatum, Grar. .

tectum, Payk. rs
Demeitrias atricapillus, L.

unipunctatus, Germ. .
Dendrophagus crenatus, Payk.
Dendrophilus pygmeus, L.
Deporaiis betule, L ‘ P

megacephalus, Germ. .
Dermestes lardarius, Z..

tessellatus, /7i. x

vulpinous, F, = .
Deronectes assimilis, Pauk. .

duodecim-pustulatus, F.

griseo-striatus, De G.

latus, Steph.
Diachromus germanus, Er.
Dianous ccerulescens, Gyll.
Diaperis boleti, L. . é
Dicbirotrichus ‘obsoletus, Dej.
pubescens, Payk. ‘
Diglossa mersa, Hal. .
Dinarda Maerkeli, Kies. .
Dinoderus substriatus, Payk.
Diphyllus Junataus, F.
Diploccelus fagi, Guer. .
Ditoma crenata, F. ’
Dolichosoma lineare, Rossi. .
Dolopius marginatus, L.
Donacia affinis, Kunze
bicolora, Zsch,
braccata, Scop.

cinerea, Herbst. .

clavipes, F. .

crassipes, FF’. i

dentata, Hoppe.. .

Xvi

dentipes, F.

discolor, Panz.
limbata, Panz,
obscura, Gy/l.
semicuprea, Panz.
sericea, J. .

simplex, F. .
thalassina, Germ.
versicolorea, Brahim. .
vulgaris, Zsch.

Dorcatoma chrysomelina, Sturm. :

flavicornis, F. .

Dorcus parallelopipedus, L.

Dorytomus hirtipennis, Bedel,
maculatus, Marsh.
melanophthalmus, Payk.
salicinus, Gyll. . : 3
tortrix, L.
tremula, F.
validirostris, Gyll.
vorax, F’. =

Drilus flavescens, Rossi.

Dromius linearis, (1.
longiceps, Dej. ;
melanocephalus, Dej. .
meridionalis, Dej.
nigriventris, Thoms. .
quadrimaculatus, L.
quadrinotatus, Panz. .
quadrisignatus, Dej. .
sigma, Rosst.
vectensis, Rye. .

Dryocetes autographus, Ratz.
villosus, F. .

Dryophilus pusillas, Gyll.

Drypta dentata, Rossi. .

Dyschirius eneus, De. .
angustatus, Putz.
extensus, Putz. .
globosus, Herbst. .
impunctipennis, Daws.
nitidus, De).
politus, Dej.
salinus, Schawm. .
thoracicus, Rossi.

Dytiscus circumcinctus, Aht.
circumflexus, F. .
dimidiatus, Berg.
lapponicus, Gyll,
marginalis, L
punctulatus, FP. .

ELApPHRUS cupreus, Duft.
Lapponicus, ay c
riparius, L.
uliginosus, Ff. . . ‘i

Elater ethiops, Lac. . ‘i
balteatus, DL. 3
elongatulus, F.

PLATE

126

INDEX TO PLATES.

lythropterus, Germ. . .
nigrinus, Payk. . 4
pomone, Steph. .
pomorum, Herbst.
sanguinolentus, Schr. .
tristis, D. . ‘

Elenchus tenuicornis, Kirby.

Elleschus bipunctatus, L.

Elmis eneus, Miill. R
parallelopipedus, Miill.
Volkmari, Panz. i

Emus hirtus, L.

' Encephalus complicans, Westw.

Endomychus coccineus, L.
Endophlous spinulosus, Latr.
Enicmus minutus, LZ. . 4
testaceus, Steph. 3 ‘
transversus, Ol. .
Ennearthron cornutum, Gyll.
Enochrus bicolor, Gyll.’ :
Ephistemus gyrinoides, Marsh.
Epipeda plana, Gyll. . .
Epitrix atropz, Foudr. .
pubescens, Koch. ;
Epurea estiva, /. . ; A
angustula, Hr. . 4 m
decemguttata, F. ‘ :
deleta, Er. . A 3
longula, Er.
parvula, Sturm. . ‘
pusilla, Hr. . : : °
Erirrhinus acridulus, D.
zthiops, F. . A
bimaculatus, F. .

scirpi, FP... : 2 :
Ernobius mollis, L
nigrinus, Sturm. °

Eros Aurora, F. :
Eryx ater, F. ° °
Eubria palustris, Germ.
Eubrychius velatus, Beck.
Eucnemis capucina, Ahr.
Euconnus denticornis, Will.
hirticollis, £72. =
Eumicrus tarsatus, Mill.
Euplectus Karsteni, Reich.

minutissimus, Aubé . 2
nanus, Reich. x

piceus, Mots. :
signatus, Reich. .

Euryporus picipes, Payk. .
Euryptilium saxonicum, Gillm.
Euryusa laticollis, Heer.
Eusomus ovulum, Jil.
Eusphalerum primule, Steph.
Euthia Schaumi, Kies.
scydmenoides, Steph. F

Evesthetus leviusculus, Mannh.
Exochomus quadripustulatus, L.

INDEX TO PLATES.

Exomias araneiformis, Schrank. . 159
pellucidus, Boh. . i : ony a

FALaGria sulcata, Payk. ‘ ee
thoracica, Curt. . . . i AD

GALERUCELLA calmariensis, LZ. . 133
lineola, F. . ‘ : ; =
2 we, DL. : 2
wel i Gyll r - 134
tenella, L. . : - ~ 134
viburni, Payk. . 2 134

Gastroidea polygoni, L. : 132

viridula, De G. . “ - *
Geodromicus n grita, ont = - 68
Georyssus pygmzus, F. - 98
Geotrupes stercorarius, D.

sylvaticus, Panz. : 102
Ete . : 102
vernalis, DL. . F 102

Gibbium scotias, F. x -
Gnathocerus cornutus, F. .
Gnorimus nobilis, L. . 3

variabilis, L. = 2
Gnypeta, coerulea, Sahib. : o 48

a) “eG 82 46 saree oe
—
fs
J

labilis, Er. . ‘ : ~ - 48
Gracilia minuta, FP. - : - i2l
Grammoptera analis, Panz. . - 123

preusta, F. . . - : 123

ruficornis, F. . : < - “123

tabacicolor, DeG. . i en a28

Graphoderes cinereus, Esch. SE

Gronops lunatus, L. . z - 162
Grypidius equiseti, F. . : - 166
Gymnetron a rear e = i169
beccabunge, I 2 ae i
collinus, Gyill. = 7 : Ses VAI)
labilis, Herbst. . : “ 169
melanarius, Germ. . : - 169
pascuorum, Gyll. 2 - - 169
rostellum, Herbst. 3 - 169
villosulus, Gyll. . 169

Gymnusa brevicollis, Payk : - ' 5k
variegata, Kées. . rs 2 - Ol
Gyrinus elongatus, Aubé. . po OL
ininutus, F. : ~ ' Aarage 3 |

natator, Scop. . = A poet
¢, Minator, Til. : SL
yrophena affinis, Mannh,- : sao
gentilis, Er. ~ . - ' 49
lucidula, Er. : : ee
strictula, Er. s a - 49

HABROCERUs capillaricornis, Grav. 54

Hemonia Cartisi, Lac. i Eea27
Halictophagus Curtisii, ‘Dale - 180
Haliplus confinis, Steph. a =e
fluviatilis, Aubé . ~ =p 52S
fulvus, F. . ‘ ie 23
Hneatocollis, Marsh. 3 5 ses)

PLATE f[

mucronatus, Steph. .
obliquus, Er. ‘ =
ruficollis, De-G. . js :
vyariegatus, Sturm. 3
Hallomenus humerali§s, Panz.
Haltica oleracea, L. =
palustris, Weise.
pusilla, Duft.
tamaricis, Schrank.
Halyzia conglobata, L. .
octodecimguttata, . DL.
quatuordecimenttata, L.
sedecimenttata, Z. . t
vigintiduopunctata, Z. .
Hapalarea Ppygmexa, Gyll. .
Haplocnemus i impressus, Marsh.
nigricornis, F. . °
Haploderus ccelatus, Grav.
Harpalus zneus, F.
anxius, Duft. 2
azureus, F. . :
calceatus, Sturm.
caspius, Stev.
consentaneus, Dej.
cordatus, Dufi. .
cupreus, Dej. .
discoideus, F.
ignavus, Duft. .
latus, DL. : "
melancholicus, Dej.
neglectus, Dej. .
picipennis, Duft.
punctatulus, Duft. . \
pancticollis, Payk. . -
quadripunctatus, Dej. ~
rotundicollis, Fairm. . j
rubripes, Duft. .
rufibarbis, F.
ruficornis, F. .
rupicola, Sturm. .
sabulicola, Panz.
serripes, Schon. .
servus, Duff. .
tardus, Panz. “ .
tenebrosus, Dey. . 2
Hedobia imperialis, L. . =
Heledona sgaricola, Herbst.
Heliopathes gibbus, . F. =
Helochares lividus, Forst.
punctatus, Sharp. ;
Helodes marginatus, F.
minutus, L. e
Helophorus seneipennis, Thoms.
affinis, Marsh. . : é
aquaticus, LD. « ° .
arvernicus, Muls. :
brevipalpis, Bedel.
dorsalis, Marsh.
laticollis, Thoms.

XVili

nanus, Sturm .

nubilus, F. .

rugosus, Ol. ;
_Helops cerulcus, DL.

pallidus, Curt.

striatus, Foure. é
Henicocerus exsculptus, Germ:
Heptaulacus sus, Herbst,

testudinarius, fF’.

Hermezophaga mercurialis, F.

Hetzrius sesquicornis, Ol. .

Heterocerus femoralis, Kies.
fusculus, Kies. . = °
levigatus, Panz. . ‘ .
sericans, Kies. . .

Heterothops binotata, Er. ‘
quadripunctula, Gyll. .

Hippodamia tredecimpunctata, a

Hippuriphila Modeeri, L

Hister bimaculatus, L. . °
bissexstriatus, F. ‘ .
cadaverinus, Hoff. =
purpurascens, Herbst. >

quadrimaculatus, L.

Holoparamecus depressus, Curt,

Homalium Allardi, Fairm .

concinnum, Marsh. ; e
iopterum, Steph. . ‘
monilicorne, Gyll. : ‘

nigriceps, Kies. . 2 $
planum, Payk. . = .

pusillum, Grav. . ° A
rivulare, Payk. . °
rufipes, Fourc. . . .
rugulipenne, Rye. 3 =

striatum, Grav. . 4
Homaloplia ruricola, F. .
Homalota squata, Hr. . -

analis, Grav. ° “ >

angustula, Gyll. .

aquatica, Thoms.

atomaria, Kraatz. .

atramentaria, Gyll.

autumnalis, Hr. . . ;
boletobia, Thoms. > “

ceosula, Er. . . r

cambrica, Woll. .

canescens, Sharp.

cauta, Er. . .

cinnamoptera, Thoms.

circellaris, Grav.
consanguinea, Hpp.

corvina, Thoms. .

cribrata, Kraatz. ;
cribriceps, Sharp.

currax, Kr, . ° 4 .
cuspidata, Er. , . :
debilis, Er. . e ‘
deformis, Kr. . .

INDEX TO PLATES.

FLATE
34 depressa, Gyll. . 3 .
34 dilaticornis, Kraatz. . :
= 84 elegantula, Bris..
144 eremita, Rye. . 5 4
» 144 exilis, Hr. . ‘ :
144 eximia, Sharp. . a
35 fallax, Kr. . . .
101 fungi, Grav. > : *
101 gagatina. Baudi, . z
137 gemina, Er. : f
85 graminicola, Gyll. c 5
5698 gregaria, Hr. . : ‘
+: (8 Gyllenhali, Thoms. . >
5 08 halobrectha, Sharp.. .
98 immersa, Er. < ¥ t
55 insecta, Thoms. . 5 a
55 levana, Muls. et Rey.. :
81 languida, Hr. . ‘ °
. 140 laticollis, Steph. .
RSD linearis, Grav. . -
85 littorea, Sharp. . i
85 liturata, Steph. . a
85 londinensis, ‘‘ Sharp” P
mo longicornis, Grav. . .
91 longula, Heer. . fs
69 luridipennis, Mann. . i
69 luteipes, Er. i Z E
69 marcida, Er. 3 A x
69 monticola, Thoms. ‘ :
«69 montivagans, Woll. . F
69 nigella, Er. . ; i ‘
69 nigra, Kraatz. . é .
569 nitidula, Kr. . ‘ .
69 occulta, Er. ° E a
69 pagana, Er. .
69 pallens, Redt. . =
. 103 palleola, Hr. ar: ,
44 palustris, Kies. : :
» 45 parallela, Mannh. . .
44 pavens, Er. . ‘ *
46 perexigua, Sharp. . .
46 planifrons, Wat. . ‘
47 princeps, Sharp. : .
47 pygmea, Grav. . . .
46 scapularis, Sahib. Pes a
. 44 sericea, Muls. . =
o> 48. sordida, Marsh. . .
. 47 splendens, Kraatz . .
47 tibialis, Heer . : .
a PRT trinotata, Kraatz. “;
45 vestita, Grav. ;
47 vicina, Steph, . $
46 volans, Secriba.
48 xanthoptera, Steph.
- 45 | Homcoeusa acuminata, Maerk.
- 48 | Hoplia philanthus, Piss.
45 | Hydaticus seminiger, De G. .
. 44 transversalis, Berg. . :
44 | Hyduobius Perrisi, Fairm.

ie a WN. PE ee ae

“ee © © © @ *

Si ———— = -

punctatissimus, Steph.
strigosus, Schmidt. .
Hydrena atricapilla, Wat.
gracilis, Germ. . .
pulchella, Germ. .
pygmexa, Wat. .
riparia, Kug. .
testacea, Curl. .
Hydrobius fuscipes, L.
oblongus, Herbst.
Hydrocharis ee: L.
Hydrochus oS a Germ
brevis, Herbst. .
elongatus, Schall. <

Hydrocyphon deflexicollis, Mill.

Hydrophilus piceys, L. . e
Hydroporus angustatus, Sturm.
Davisii, Curt. .
dorsalis, F.. P

erythrecephalas, L.

ferrugineus, Steph.
flavipes, Ol. ‘
granularis, J. .
Gyllenhalii, Schiédte
halensis, F. :
lepidus, Ol. :
lineatus, F.. -
lituratus, F. ‘

- Marginatus, Duft.
melanarius, Sturm.
memnonius, Nic.
neglectus, Schaum
cblongus, Steph. .
obscurus, Sturm.
obsoletus, Aubé. .
palustris, LD.
pictus, FP. . 3
planus, F. . -
pubescens, Gyll .

rivalis, Gyll.
rufifrons, Duft.
Scalesianus, Steph.
septentrionalis, Gyll,
Hydrothassa aucta, F. .
hannoverana, F. .
marginella, DZ. .
Hydrovatus clypealis, Sharp
Hygronoma dimidiata, Grav.
Hylastes ater, Payk. .
cunicularias, Er. :
opacus, Hr. ‘ Ee
palliatus, Gyll. .
Hylastinus obscurus, Marsh.
Hyleccetus dermestoides, L. .
Hylesinus crenatus, F. . id
fraxini, Panz. .
oleiperda, F. : : Z
vittatus, F.. é
Hylotrupes bajulus, ? "

ea ee OF ES 2° eat 62'S Beh oe ee a GD Sh een a ea | ee ere

INDEX TO PLAT2S.

PLATE

Hypera alternans, Steph. .
fasciculata, Herbst. . ;
nigrirostris, F. . : -
plantaginis, DeG. . ;
pollux,F. . = . :
polygoni, Z. . -
punctata, F. . .
rumicis, L. . £ -
suspiciosa, Herbst. .
tigrina, Boh. . F
trilineata, Marsh. °
yariabilis, Herbst. :

Hyperaspis reppensis, Herbst,

Hyphydrus ovatus, Z. .

Hypocopras latridioides, Mois.

Hypocyptas longicornis, Payk.
seminulam, Er. . .

Hypophleeus bicolor, Ol. .
castaneus, Ff.

Hypothenemus ernditus, West oe

Hypulus quercinus, Quens. .

InyBivs wnescens, Thoms. .
ater, De G. . -
fenestratus, F. .
fuliginosus, F.
obscurus, Marsh.

Ilyobates forticornis, Lac.
glabriventris, Rye . .
nigricollis, Payk. . r

Ips quadrigutiata, F. ‘
quadripunctata, Herbst. .
quadripustulata, Z. .

Ischnodes sanguinicollis, Pans.

Ischnoglossa prolixa, Grav.

LaBmostomis tridentata, L. .
Laccobius bipunctatus, F.
Sinuatus, Mots. .
Laccophilus interruptus, Pans.
obscurus, Panz. .
variegatus, Germ. 3
Lacon murinas, DL. . :
Lemophleus at-r, Ol. .
bimaculatus, Payk.
clematidis, Er. ‘
Lagria hirta, L. . . -
Lamia textor, [. . 2
Lamprinus saginatus, Grav. “
Lamprosoma voy 4 Sturm.
Lampyris noctiluca, Z

Langelandia anophthalma, Aubé. t

Larinus carling, Ol.
Lasioderma serricorne, F.
Latheticus oryze, Wat.
Lathridius lardarins, De G.

Lathrimzum atrocephalum, @yll.

Lathrobium angustatum, Lac.
angusticolle, Lac. e ~

brunnipes, F. -. g
elongatum, L. . 3
fulvipenn2, Grav.
longulum, Grav.
multipunctum, Grav. .
pallidum, Nord. . .
quadratum, Payk.
rufipenne, Gyll. .
terminatum, Grav. .

Lebia chlorocephala, Hoff.

crux-minor, Ll. . :
ceyanocephala, LD. ‘
Leiopus nebulosus, Z. .

Leistotrophus murinus, LZ,

nebulosus, fF. . "

Leistus ferrugineus, F.
fulvibarbis, Dej. .
montanus, Steph.
rufescens, F, :
spinibarbis, F.

Lema cyanella, Z. .
Erichsoni, Suffr..
lichenis, Foet. .
melanopa, L,

6 -9° @ JO, *& er le

Leptacinus, batychrus, Gyll.

formicetorum, Maerk.
linearis, Grav. .
parumpunctatus, Gyll.

Leptinus testaceus, Mill.

Lepturafulva, DeG. .
livida, fF. . .
scutellata, fF. . -

Leptusa analis, Gyll.

Lesteva longelytrata, Gueze.

pubescens, Mannhk. .
sicula, Hr, .

Licinus depressus, Payk.
silphoides, F.

Limnebius nitidus, Marsh.

tiuncatellus, Thoms, .

Limnichus pygmeens, Sturm..
Limnius tuberculatus, Miill. .

Limn: baris T-album, L.

Limobius dissimilis, Herbst.

mixtus, Boh.

Limonius cyl 'ndricus, Payk. .

minutus, L.. , :
Liodes castanea, Herbst.

glabra, Kug.

humeralis, Kug.

Lionychus quadrillum, Duft..

Liophleeus nubilus, F.

Liosoma ovatulum, Clairv.

troglodytes, Rye.

INDEX TO PLATES.

9 6 2.6 ae vB SR ee Sy FT ®

Liparus (Molytes) coronatus, Goeze.

germanus, L.

Lissudema quadripustulatum, Marsh. 147

Litargus bifasciatus, F.

Lithocharis ochracea, Grav, .

164

96
63

Litodactylus leucogaster, Marsh. .

Lixus algirus, LD. . x
bicolor, Ol. . s ‘
paraplecticus, L.. 5

Lochmezea capree, L. .
crategi, Forst. . a
suturalis, Thoms.

Longitarsus absinthii, Kuts.

anchuse, Payk. .
atriceps, Kuts. .
atricillus, LD. <
ballote, Marsh. .
castaneus, Duft. .
distinguendus, Rye.
dorsalis, F.. ‘
exoletus, L. ;
flavicornis, Steph.
gracilis, Kuts. .
holsaticus, LZ. .
jacobew, Wat. .
luridus, Scop. .
lycopi, Foudr. .
melanocephalus, All.

.
.
.
.

inembranacens, Foudr.

nasturtii, F. . é
ochroleucus, Marsh. .
piciceps, Steph. . :
pulex, Schrank. . >
pusillus, Gy/l_. :
quadriguttatus, Pont..
rutilus, Il. . : A
suturalis, Marsh.. "
suturellus, Steph.
tabidus, F. . ‘ ;
Loricera pilicornis, F. .
Lucanus cervus, Z. .
Ludius ferrugineus, DL. .
Luperus flavipes, L. P
nigrofasciatus, Goeze. .
rufipes, Scop. “ :
Lycoperdina boviste, F.

Lyctus brunneus, Steph..

canaliculatus, F. . 2
Lymexylon navale, Ff. .

Lymnenm nigropiceum, Marsh

Lytta vesicatoria, L.

MAcROcEPHALUS (Anthrilus) albinus,
L.

TS ee con ae Edy ee een ee ee. ee Or Se OP Pleats Fw

Macronychus ‘quadritubereulatus,

Mill. ‘“ x

Magdalis armigera, Foure.

barbicornis, Latr. .
carbonaria, L. . é
phlegmatica, Herbst. .
pruni, L.. % ‘ :
Malachius zeneus, DL.
bipustulatas, Z.. :
marginellus, Ol. . ‘

152

ee ee

————e Ce

; viridis, F. .

- Megarthrus hemipterus, Til.

INDEX TO PLATES.

Malthinus balteatus, Sur
fasciatus, Ol. A
frontalis, Marsh. .
punctatus, Fourc. ,

Malthodes fibulatus, Kies. .
marginatus, Latr. - ”
minimus, LZ. - > »
nigellus, Kies. . be .
pellucidus, Kies. .

Mantura chrysanthemi, Koch.
Matthewsi, Curt. ¥ =
obtusata, Gyll. 4 <

tibialis, Zac. :

rustica, LD. . =
Masoreus Wetterhalii, Gyll. =
Mecinus circulatus, Marsh. .
collaris,Germ. . : F
pyraster, Herbst. . okay
Medun branneus, Er. .
halus, F. . .

obsoletus, Nord. . Bs E
pocofer, Peyr. . .
Megapenthes lugens, Redt. .

sinuatocollis, Lac.

PLATE
114
113
113
113
113

Megasternum boletophagum, Marsh. 36

Megatoma undata, Er. . -
Melandrya caraboides, L. .
dubia, Schall. .
Melanophthalma falvipes, Com.
transversalis, Wat. .
Melanotus castanipes, Payk.
puncto-lineatus, Pel. . 5
rufipes, Herbst. . .
Melasis buprestoides, 7 ;
Melasoma ezneum,. F. . :
longicolle, Suffr.. ~ 3
populi, LZ. . * : .
Meligethes : zeneus, F. .
bidens, Bris. Fs Fi
brevis, Sturm. . "
difficilis, Heer. .
erythropus, Gy/l.
exilis, Sturm.

rufipes, Gyll.
serripes, Gyll,
solidus, Kug.
symphyti, Heer. .
umbrosus, Sturm. b
viduatus, Sturm.. 3
viridescens, F. . .
Meloe brevicollis, Panz.
cicatricosus, Leach .
proscarabzenus, L. .
ragosus, Marsh. . >

picipes, Sturm. .

es Ae DP Oe ie A OO ee ee

aa
oro
fat ped fod

SSSSSSSESSSESSLS

variegatus, Don. .
violaceus, Marsh. . ps
Melolontha seat v Se
vulgaris, F. E :
Mesosa nubila, Ol. .
Metabletus foveols, Gyll.
enainal hahey Duft.
truncatellus, LD. .
Metallites marginatus, Steph.
Metcecus paradoxus, L. . .
Mezium affine, Boield. .
Miarus graminis, Gyll. .
plantarum, Germ. ; -
Miccotrogus picirostris, F. .

Micralymma brevipenne, Gyll.

Micrambe vini, Panz. .
Micraspis sedecimpunctata, L.
Microcara livida, F. :
Microglossa gentilis, Maerk. . *
nidicola, Fairm. . 3 é
saturalis, Mann. .
Micropeplus margarite, “Dur.
tesserula, Curt. . ‘i
Microrrhagus pyemeens, F.
Microzoum tibiale, F. .

Micrurula me lanocephala, Marsh .

Millidium trisulcatum, Aubé .
Miscodera arctica, Payk.
Mniophila muscorum, Koch. .
Molorchus minor, L. 3 =
umbellatarum, DL.
Monochammus sartor, F. $
Mononychus pseudacori, F. .
Monotoma conicicollis, Aubé
spinicollis, Aubé . F °
sub 4-foveolata, Wat. .
Mordella fasciata, Year
Mordellistena abdominalis, F.
brevicauda, Boh. é ‘
brunnea, F. : = “
humeralis, Z. 5 ps 4
pumila, Gy. . : .
Morychus zneus, F. : .
Mycetza hirta, Mursh.. - .
Mycetochares bipustulata, J7/,
Mycetophagus atomarius, F.
multipunctatus, Hellw.
piceus, F. . = .
populi, F.
gquadriguttatus, Mull...
quadripustulatus, L. .
Mycetoporus angularis, Rey.
clavicornis, Steph. .
longulus, Mannh.
lucidus, £r. F E 3
nanus, Er. . a P
punctus, Gyll. .
splendidus, Grav. °
Mycterus curcalionoides, F,

Xxil

Myelophilus piniperda, L.
Myllena eee oa Matth.

elongata, Matth.
Fowleri, Matth. .
intermedia, Ev. .
Masoni, Matth. -
Myrmecopora uvida, Er.

Myrmecoxenus vaporariorum, Guer.
Myrmedonia cognata, Maerk.

collaris, Payk.
funesta, Grav.
Haworthi, Steph.
humeralis, Grav.
laticollis, Maerk. .

limbata, Payk. . 5

lugens, Grav...
plicata, Er . ‘
Myrmetes piceus, Payk.

Mysia oblongoguttata, D.
Murmidius ovalis, Beck. .

NaAcERDES melanura, L..
Nanophyes gracilis, Redt.

lythri, LD.

Nausibius dentatua: Marsh.

Nebria brevicollis, 7
complanata, L. .
Gyllenhalii, Sch.
livida, fF. .

Necrobia raficollis, F,
rufipes, De G.
violacea, DL. .

Necrodes littoralis, L.

Necrophorus humator, /.

interruptus, Steph.

mortuorum, /. . :
ruspator, Hr. . :
vespillo, L

vestigator, Hers. .

Nemosoma elongatum, L.

Nephanes Titan, Newm.

Neuraphes angulatus, Mill. .

Sparshalli, Denny
Niptus crenatus, F.
hololeucus, ald.

Nitidula bipustulata, D.

flexuosa, F’.
quadripustulata, F.
rufipes, DL. x

Nossidium pilosellum, Marsh.
Noterus clavicornis, De G.

sparsus, Marsh.

Notiophilus aquaticus, Z.

biguttatus, /.
palustris, Duft.
quadripunctatus, Dej.
rufipes, Curt.

Notothecta anceps, Er. .

confusa, Maerk.

INDEX TO PLATES.

flavipes, Grav. *
Notoxus paradoxus, L. .
Nudobius lentus, Er.

OBEREA oculata, L. :
Obrium cantharinum, LD.

Ocalea badia, Er. . ;

eastanea, Er. : 5
Ochina hedere, Mill. .

Ochrosis salicariz, Payk.

Octhebius eneus, Steph.
bicolon, Germ. .
exaratus, Muls. . ¢
marinus, Payk. .
nanus, Steph. ‘ :
punctatus, Steph. .
pygmeus, PF...
rufimarginatus, Steph.

Octotemnus glabriculus,

Ocypus ater, Grav. 3
brunnipes, fF. . ;
compressus, Marsh. .
cupreus, Rossi. . ‘
cyaneus, Payk. . .
fuscatus, Grav. ‘
morio, Grav.
olens, Miill.
pedator, Grav.
similis, F. :

Ocyusa hibernica, Rye, .
incrassata, Kv, ;
maura, Er. .

Odacantha melanura, Payk. 3
Odontzus mobilicornis, fF. .

Céidemera lurida, Marsh.
nobilis, Scop. . *

Olibrus eneus, F. . .

Ovigota apicata, Hr. =.
flavicornis, Lac. . a
granaria, Hr. .
inflata, Mannh.

Olisthopus rotundatus, . Payk.

Olophrum piceum, G yl.
Omias mollinus, Boh.
Omophlus armeriz, Curt.
Omosiphora limbata, /.
Omosita colon, L, . ,
depressa, L. ° :
discoidea, F, ; .
Oncomera femorata, F.

Onthophagus fracticornis, Preys. A

nuchicornis, LZ, .

nutans, #. . o

taurus, LD.

Onthophilus globosulus, Ol.

striatus, F..
Oodes helopioides, PF. .
Opatrum sabulosum, LD. .

} Opilo mollis, ZL, . .

or 6° 6 6. os

Orchesia micans, Panz..
Orchestes alni, L. .
avellanez, Don. . :

fagi, L. :

ilicis, F.; « . i
iota, E. ‘

pratensis, Germ. =
quercus, L. .
saliceti, Payk, . -
getioig, ks, ,

stigma, Germ. .
Orectochilus villosus, Mill.
Orobitis cyaneus, L. .
Orsodacna cerasi, 7
Orthocztes setiger, Beck.
Orthocerus muticus, ZL.
Orthoperus atomarins, Heer.

atomus, Gyll. . = .
Osphya bipunctata, FP...

oe ee ele ee ee ww ae Be ee

Othius fulvipennis, FP. .
melanocephalus, Grav.
myrmecophilus, Kies. ’

Otiorrhynchus atroapterus, De G._

blandus, Gyll. .

ligneus, Ol. .
ligustici, L. . : F
maurus, Gyll, . : =
ovatus, LZ. . F ~
Picipes, FP... . . .
raucus, Ff. . . : =
rugifrons, Gyll. . . é
scabrosus, Marsh. 3 :
septentrionis, Herbst. F
sulca F.

tenebricosus, Herbst. . :
Oxylemus cylindricus, Panz.
Oxyomus porcatus, F. .
Oxypoda alternans, Grav.
annularis, Sahlb. .
brachyptera, Steph. .
exoleta, Er. i
formiceticola, Maerk.
hemorrhoa, Mann.
lentula, Er. =
lividipennis, Mann.
longiuscula, Er. .
misella, Kr. .
opaca, Grav. .
pectita, Sharp. .
recondita, Kr. .
rupicola, Rye. .
soror, Thoms.
spectabilis, Maerk,
umbrata, Grav. .
Oxyporus rufus, L. :
Oxytelus insecatus, Grav.
laqueatus, Marsh. :
rugosus, Grav. . .

acen-e tiv 4 e502 4
en 8? ar Wea, eo ae eS eo cele SN gl eee) Ae e

INDEX TO PLATES, XXiil

PLATE

ian 2 oe om we er 2 eS

me 6) a Of ac 6) are. ee en 8 he PO es © 8 eee. ee

146

SSSRSSSSSSSSSSSSSRSSA

PLATE

tetracarinatus, Block. F Sn O6
P#DERUS caligatus, Er. = sc
littoralis, Grav. 63
Pachyta cerambyciformis, Schrank. 122
collaris, D. . 122

Pachytychiusheematocephalus, @yil. 166
Palorus melinus, Herbst. - . 144
Panageeus crux-major, Ll. . - 5
quadripustulatus, Sturm. . 5
Paracymus nigrozneus, Sahl, - 33
Paramecosoma melanocephalum,

Herbst. . F i an D4
Parnus auriculatus, Pans. 2 aocS8
prolifericornis, F. . « ‘98
Paromalus flavicornis, Herbst. a: Ba
Patrobus excavatus, Payk. . a: 0
septentrionis, Dej. . cae 1)

Pediacus depressus, Herbst. . = ed
Pelobius tardus, Herbst. = « 23
Pelophila borealis, Payk. . = 3
Pentarthrum Huttoni, Woll. . 176
Perileptus areolatus, Creutz . en
Peritelus griseus, Ol. . a - L8
Phedon armoracia, DL. . ? - 132

cochleariz, (age . ‘i - 132
concinnus, Steph. - F e132
tumidulus, Germ. 4 - 132

Phalacrus corruscus, Payk. . ebook

Phaleria cadaverina, F. - 143
Philhydrus coarctatus, Gredl. eee
maritimus, Thoms. . 12932
nigricans, Zett. . : . «232

testaceus, F. 2 ‘ < irae
Philonthus eneus, Rossii . . 58
albipes, Grav. . * - iGo

astutus, Er. P 3 60
cruentatus, Gmel. . Pee
decorus, Grav. e. ‘ - 58
discoidens, Grav. 2 ae
ebeninus, Grav. . F 42> Se
fimetarius, Grav. ‘ - Se 5

fulvipes, F. 2 7 . =-< 160

fuscus, Grav. : «x 59
laminatus, Creutz. . ‘ 58
lepidus, Grav. . = F 59
marginatus, F. . : 7 59
politus, F. . A a * 58
punctus, Grav. . - 60

sanguinolentus, Grav. a - 59
splendens, F. . : “ - 58
thermarum, Aubé. . 7 - 60
trossulus, Nord. . 2 ot i OD
umbratilis, Grav. d Fe a ae
varius, Grav. . : ; «3
yernalis, Grav. . d - 659
Philopedon (Cneorrhinus) gemi-
natus, F. . 5 Fs F «: IGE

Xxiv

Philorhinum sordidam, Steph.
Phleobium clypeatum, Miill,

Phlosocharis subtilissima, Mannh.

Phlecophilus Edwardsi, Steph.
Phicwophthorus
Marsh.

Phleeopora reptans, Grav.
Phicotrya rufipes, Gyll.
Phosphenus hemipterus, Geoff.
Phyllobius argentatus, L.
calearatus, fF. . Y F
maculicornis, Germ. . :
oblongus, Z. .
pomone, Ol.
pyri, L. :
urtice, De G.
viridieris, Luich.
viridicollis, F.

Phyllobrotica quadrimac ulata, be

Phyllodecta cavifrons, Thoms.
vitelline, L. 5 . :
vulgatissima, L..

Phyllopertha horticola, 3

Phyllotreta consobrina, Curt.
exclamationis, Thunb,
nemorum, J.
nigripes, F’..
nodicornis . . .
ochripes, Curt. .
sinuata, Steph. .
tetrastigma, Com.
undulata, Kuts. . .
vittula, Redt.

Phytobius comari, Herbst.
quadricornis, Gyll.
quadrituberculatus, F.

Phytodecta olivacea, Forst. .
pallida, L. . : e
rufipes, DeG. . :

Phytecia cylindrica, L.

Phytosus balticus, Ar. .

spinifer, Curt. . :
Pissodes notatus, F’.
pini, DL.

Pityogenes bidentatus, Herbst.
Pityophagus ferrugineus, F..
Pityophthorus pubescens, Mar sh. .
Placusa infima, Hr.

Plagiodera versicolora, ‘Lich
Plagiogonus arenarius, Ol.
Platambus maculatus, DL. ‘
Platycerus caraboides, L.
Platycis minutus, F,
Platydema dytiscoides, Rossi.
Platyderus ruficollis, Marsh.
Platynaspis luteorubra, Goeze.
Platypus cylindrus, /’. .
Platyrrhinus latirostris, F.
Platystethus arenarius, Foure,

INDEX TO PLATES.

nodifrons, Sahlb. 3 ° ‘

Plectroscelis concinna, Marsh. .

Plegaderus dissectus, Hr. . ‘

Plinthus caliginosus, F. ; :

Pocadius ferrugineus, F,

Podabrus alpinus, Payk.

Podagrica fuscicornis, Z. .
fuscipes, LD. .

Pogonochxrus bidentatas, Thoms.
dentatus, Fourc. 3 ‘ é
fasciculatus, DeG. . *

Pogonus chalceus, Marsh.
littoralis, Duft. . j F
luridipennis, Germ. . °

Polydrusus cervinus, L.
chrysomela, Ol. . *
confiluens, Steph. y
flavipes, De G. . ‘ : .
micans, Ff. . - } ~
pterygomalis, Boh. . -
tereticollis, DeG .

Polystichus vittatus, Brullé .

Poophagus nasturtii, Germ.
sisymbrii, F. ‘

Potaminus sabstriatus, Mill.

Prasocuris junci, Brahm.
phellandrii, L. . p .

Pria dulcamarez, Scop. . : ,

Priobium castaneum, F.

Prionocyphon serricornis, Miill. .

Prionus coriarius, L. ~

Pristonychus terricola, Herbst.

Procas armillatus, F. .

Prognatha quadricornis, Zac. .

Proteinus ovalis, Steph. J :

Psammobius cesus, Panz . :
porcicollis, Jil. . . °
sulcicollis, Ill. . . 4

Psammeechus bipunctatus, F.

Pselaphus dresdensis, Herbst.
Heisei, Herbst. "

Pseudopsis sulcata, Newm. . *

Pseudostyphlus pilumnus, of

Psilothrix nobilis, Ill. .

Psylliodes affinis, Payk.
attenuata, Koch. 5
chalcomera, Ill. .
chrysocephala, L, :
cuprea, Koch . ; . .
dulcamare, Koch . :
hyoscyami, 4, .
luridipennis, Kuts. .
luteola, Mill, . 3 .
marcida, Til. ‘ ‘ .
picina, Marsh,

Ptenidium evanescens, Marsh.
Gressneri, Hr. .,
punctatum, Gyll. :

Pterostichus anthracinus, ll.

:
.

INDEX TO PLATES.

aterrimus, Payk.

upreus, DZ.
dimidiatus, Ol. .
gracilis, Dej. z é :
mors blogg Marsh. ‘ :
lepidus, F. : :
madidus, P. -
minor, Gyll. s
niger, Schall. .
nigrita, F. . ; :
oblongo-punctatus, PF. .
parumpunctatus, Germ. . 3
picimanus, Duft. é : :
strenuus, Panz. - Z
striola. 3 :

vernalis, Gyll. . - :
versicolor, Sturm. 2 z i
vitreus, Dej.

vulgaris, D.

Pteryx suturalis, Heer. - : 7

Ptilinus pectinicornis, L. : :

Ptilium czesum, Er. A rs
caledonicum, Sharp. .
exaratum, All.

lichenum, Marsh. . i ~
sexpunctatus, Panz. .
subpilosus, Sturm. .
Pyrochroa coccinea, L.
pectinicornis, L. 3

Pyropterus affinis, Payk.
Pytho depressus, L.

QueDionucuus levigatus, Gy/l.
Quedins auricomus, Kies. .
brevis, Er. . ,
cinctus, Payk.
fulgidus, FP.
fuliginosus, Grav.
fulvicollis, Steph.
fumatus, Steph.
lateralis, Grav.
longicornis, Kr.
mesomelinus, Marsh.
microps, Gray. .
moloehinus, Graw.
nigriceps, Kr.
picipes, Mannh. 5
puncticollis, Thoms. .
rufipes, Grav.
scitus, Grav.
semizneus, Steph.

suturalis, Kies. -
ventralis, Ar.
xanthopus, Er.

RHAGIUM bifasciatum, F.
indagator, Gyll. -
inquisitor, PF.

Rhagonycha elongata, Fall.
fulva, Scop. é >
fuscicornis, Ol. -
limbata, Thoms. :
pallida, F. -
testacea, L.
unicolor, Cwrt. .

Rham phus en. Claire.

Rhantus adspersus, F
bistriatus, Berg.
exoletus, Forst. .

Grapii, Gyll.
notatus, Berg. .
pulverosus, Steph. .

Rhinocyllus latirostris, Latr.

Rhinomacer attelaboides, F.

Rhinoncus castor, F.
denticollis, Gyll.
gramineus, F.
pericarpius, Z. .
perpendicularis, Reich.

Rhinosimus Dir onE P.
ruficollis, L ;
viridipennis, Steph. : :

Rhizobius litura, F. - “

Rhizopertha pusilla, F. . 3

Rhizophagus bipastulatus, F,
cribratus, Gyll.
depressus, F.
nitidulus, F. :

Bhizotrogus solstitialis, ‘Latr.

Rhopalodontus perforatus, Gyll. :

Rhopalomesites Tardyi, Curt.
Rhynchites papa te aed Marsh.
zequatus, L.. : 3

auratus, Scop.
Bacchus, L.
coeruleus, De G.
cupreus, LD. .
interpunctatus, Steph.
nanus, Payk. : <
pubescens, F.
sericeus, Herbst. .
Rhyncolus ater, L.
lignarius, Marsh.
Rhytidosomus globulus, “Herbst.
Rybaxis sanguinea, D.

Sacium pusillum, Gyll..

Salpingus eratus, Muls.
castaneus, Panz.

Saperda carcharias, Z.

XXVl

populnea, L.
scalaris, L..

Saprinus immundus, Gyll.
maritimus, Steph.
nitidulus, Payk. .
virescens, Payk..

Scaphidema zneum, Payk.

Scaphidium quadrimaculatum, ol.

Scaphisoma agaricinum, L.
Sciaphilus muricatus, 7.
Scirtes hemisphericus, JIU.
orbicularis, Panz.
Scolytus destructor, Ol.
intricatus, Ratz.
multistriatus, Marsh.
Ratzeburgi, Jans.
rugulosus, Ratz.
Scopzeus Erichsoni, Kol.
Scraptia fuscula, Mill. .

Scybalicus oblongiusculus, De).

Scydmeenus collaris, Mili.
Godarti, Latr. ‘
scutellaris, Mill.

Scymuus frontalis, /.
hemorrhoidalis, Herbst.
nigrinus, Kug.
suturalis, Thunb.
testaceus, Mots.

Serica brunnea, L.

Sericoderus lateralis, Gyll.

Sericosomus brunneus, L.

Sermyla halensis, lL. .

Sibinia arenariz, Steph. .
potentillaee, Germ.
sodalis, Germ. .

Silis ruficollis, 7. .

Silpha atrata, D.
dispar, Herbst.
levigata, F.
nigrita, Creutz.
obscura, L.
opaca, lL. . ‘
quadripunctata, L.
reticulata, F.
rugosa, L.
sinuata, F. .
thoracica, ZL.
tristis, Zll. .

Silusa rubiginosa, Hr.

Silvanus similis, Er.
surinamensis, L.

Simplocaria semistriata, PF.

Sinodendron cylindricum, DL,

Sipalia ruficollis, Br.
testacea, Bris. .

Sitaris muralis, Forst.

Sitones cambricus, Steph.
crinitus, Herbst. .
flavescens, Marsh.

INDEX .TO .PLATES.

griseus, F’. . «eth ow
hispidulus, fF. .
humeralis, Steph.

lineatus, L. ‘
puncticollis, Steph. ; ;
regensteinensis, Herbst. .
sulcifrons, Thunb, . .
suturalis, Steph. ’ 5
tibialis, Herbst. . *
waterhousei, Walt. .

‘Smicronyx Reichei, Gyll. s

Smicrus filicornis, Matth .
Soronia grisea, L. .

Spercheus emarginatus, Schall.

Spheridium bipustulatum, F.
scarabzoides, F. . ‘ 7
Spherites glabratus, I’..
Spherius acaroides, Walél.
Spheeroderma testaceum, J’. .
Sphindus dubius, Gy. .
Sphodrus leucophthalmus, Z
Staphylinus cesareus, Ceder.
erythropterus, L.
fulvipes, Scop.
latebricola, Grav.
pubescens, De G.
stercorarius, Ol.
Stenolophus elegans, Deg.
Skrimshiranus, Steph.
Teutonus, Schr. . <
vespertinus, Panz. ,°
Stenostola ferrea, Schrank.
Stenus bimaculatus, Gyll.
brunnipes, Steph.
cicindeloides, Grav.
circularis, Grav.. P
Erichsoni, Rye. .
flavipes, Steph.
fornicatus, Steph.
guttula, Jil.
Guynemeri, Dur.
impressus, Germ.
Juno, F. -
Kiesenwetteri, Rosh.
lustrator, Er.
melanopus, Marsh.
nitidiusculus, Steph. .
picipennis, Er. .
pubescens, Steph.
pusillus, Er.
similis, Herbst.
subeneus, Hr.
tarsalis, Ljungh. .
Stilbus testaceus, Panz. .
Stilicus affinis, Hr..
fragilis, Grav.
rufipes, Germ.
Stomis pumicatus, Panz.
Strangalia armata, Herbst.

quadrifasciata, L.
ad oar alee capitatns, De G.
coryli, F. .
faber, Herbst.
lateralis, Payk.
retusus, Marsh. .
Stylops Dalli, Curtis
melittz, Kirby

Subeoccinella vigintiqaatuorpune-

tata, L.
Sunius diversus, ‘Anbé 4
intermedius, Er. .

Symbiotes latus, Redt. .
Synaptus filiformis, F. .
Syncalypta setigera, JU.
Synchita juglandis, F. . >
Syntomium zneum, Mill,

TACHINUS collaris, Grav.
elongatus, Gyll, .
humeralis, Grav.
rufipennis, Gyli. .
rufipes, J. .
scapularis, Steph.
subterraneus, L.

Tachyporus chrysomelinus, 1 ;
formosus, Matth. ;
bypnorum, F.
obtusus, Z. . :
obtusus, Steph. .
pallidus, Sharp .
transversalis, Grav. .

Tachypus pallipes, Dut.

Tachys bistriatus, Duft.
Focki, Hum. - 4
scutellaris, Germ.

Tachyusa atra, Grav.
concolor, Er.
constricta, Er. .
flavitarsis, Sahlb.
umbratica, Er. 5

Tanymecus palliatus, F.

Tanysphyrus lemne, F.

Taphria nivalis, Panz.

Tapinotus sellatus, F.

Tarsostenus univittatus, Rossi

Telephorus bicolor, F. . “
darwinianus, Sharp
figuratus, Sharp . =
flavilabris, Fail. .

fuscus, i. . :
hemorrhoidalis, F.
lateralis, L..

er onee Fall.
lividus, L

nigricans, Mill. .

INDEX TO PLATES.

180

obscurus, LD.
paludosus, Fall.
pellucidus, F.
rusticus, Fall.
thoracious, Gyll.
Telmatophilus earicis, Ol.
sparganii, Ahr.
Tenebrio molitor, DB.
obseurus, F. :
Tenebrioides mauritanieus, L.
Teredus nitidus, F.
Teretrius picipes, P.
Tetratoma ancora, F.
Desmaresti, Latr.
fungorum, F.
Tetrops preusia, L.
Thalycra sericea, Sturm.

Thamiarza cinnamomea, Grav.

hospita, Maerk. . = F
Thanasimus formicarius, L. .
Thiasophila angulata, Er.
Thinobius brevipennis, Kies.

longipennis, Heer. . 3
Throscus dermestoides, L.

obtusus, Curt.

Thryogenes festuce, Herbst.

Thymalus limbatus, F. .

Tillus elongatus, L.
unifasciatus, F. . <

Timarcha tenebricosa, F.
violaceonigra, De G. .

Tiresias serra, F.

Tomicus laricis, F. .
sexdentatus, Bérn
typographus, L

Tomoxia biguttata, Gyll.

Toxotus meridianus, L. .

Trachodes hispidus, J. .

Trachyphleus aristatus, Gyll.
myrmecophillus, Seidd,
scaber, L.
spinimanus, Germ.

Trachys minuta, L.
pumila, Z/l. . -
troglodytes, Gyll.

Trechus discus, F..
lapidosus, Daws.
longicornis, Sturm.
micros, Herbst.
minutus, F..
rivularis, Gyll.
rubens, Ff. .
secalis, Payk.

Tribolium ferrugineum, FE.

Trichius fasciatus, LD.

Trichodes alvearius, L..
apiarius, L. :

Trichonyx sulcicollis, Reich. .

Trichophya pilicornis, Gyll.

XXVlli

Trichopteryx rer haga Matth.
atomaria, De G..
brevipennis, Er. .
grandicollis, Mann.
longula, Math. .

Trimium brevicorne, Reich.

Trinodes birtus, F. :

Triphyllus punctatus, F.

Triplax eenea, Schall.
russica, L.

Trogophloeus arcuatus, Steph.
fuliginosus, Grav.
pusillus, Grav. °

Tropideres Faia: F,
sepicola, F.

Tropiphorus carinatus, Miill.
obtusus, Bonsd.
tomentosus, Marsh.

Trox sabulosus, L. . F
scaber, DL.

Trypodendron domesticum, Bi

quercus, Hich. .
Tychius lineatulus, Steph.
meliloti, Steph.
quinquepunctatus, ia
Schneideri, Herbst.

INDEX TO PLATES.

venustus, F, 3
Tychus niger, Payk.
Typhea fumata, LD.

VELLEIUs dilatatus, F. . .

XANTHOLINUS fulgidus, F.
glaber, Nord. . 5
glabratus, Grav, . :
longiventris, Heer. .
punctulatus, Payk.
tricolor, F. .

Xestobium tessellatum, F.

Xyleborus dispar. .
dryographus
Xyletinus ater, Panz.

Xylita levigata, Hel. .

Xylocleptes bispinus, Duft. .

Xylophilus oculatus, F. . ;
populneus, F, ‘

ZABRUS gibbus, F

Zeugophora flavicollis, 1 Marsh.

subspinosa, Ff, . ;
Turneri, Power .
Zilora ferruginea, Payk.

m4
=
9
a"

OMA HP &W to

PLATE CXLIII.

Blaps mucronata, Latr.
» similis, Lair.
Crypticus quisquilius, Z.
Heliopathes gibbus, F.
Opatrum sabulosum, Z,
Microzoum tibiale, F.
Phaleria cadaverina, F.
Bolitophagus reticulatus, L.
Heledona agaricola, Herbst.
Diaperis boleti, Z.
Platydema dytiscoides, Rossi (violaceum, F.).
Scaphidema eneum, Payk.
Alphitophagus quadripustulatus, Steph.

Senik iS
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as Nien dared
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peat

PLATE OXLIV.

Fig. 1. Tenebrio obseurus, F.

2: xf molitor, Z.
3. Alphitobius diaperinus, Panz.
4, « piceus, Ol.
5. Gnathocerus cornutus, /., male.
6. Tribolium ferrugineum, /,
7. Palorus melinus, Herbst. (depressus, F.).
8. Hypophleeus castaneus, 7’.
9. %. bicolor, Ol.
10. Latheticus oryze, Wat.
11. Helops cceruleus, L.
12. 5» pallidus, Curt.
13. ms striatus, Foure.

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PLATE CXLYV,

——

Lagria hirta, Z.
Cistela ceramboides, L.
» murina, Z.
- jp. WEN;
» luperus, Herbst. (/ulvipes, F.).
3) ”
Eryx ater, F.
Mycetochares bipustulata, 771.
Cteniopus sulphureus, L.
Omophlus armeriz, Curt.
Tetratoma fungorum, J.
bs Desmaresti, Laftr.
* ancora, F’,

var. ferruginea F.

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TD 2 T Aviv
L Reeve & C2 London.

PLATE CXLVI.

Fic. 1. Orchesia micans, Panz.

2. Clinocara tetratoma, Thoms. (Orchesia minor, Walk.).
3. + undulata, Kr.

4. Hallomenus humeralis, Panz.

5. Conopalpus testaceus, Ol.

6. Ks a v. Vigorsi, Steph.

7. Melandrya caraboides, L.
8, es dubia, Schall. (canaliculata, ¥.).
9. Anisoxya fuseula, Zi/,

10. Abdera quadrifasciata, Steph.

a; » bifasciata, Marsh.

12. » triguttata, Gyll.

15. » flexuosa, Payk,

ye ve

“2
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.

PLATE CXLVII.

Phleotrya rufipes, Glyll. (Stephensi, Duy.),
Xylita levigata, Hel.
Zilora ferruginea, Payk.
Hypulus quercinus, Quens.
Osphya bipunetata, 7., male.
= 4 55 posterior leg.
3h ns female,
Pytho depressus, Z.
Salpingus castaneus, Panz,
= eratus, Muls.
Lissodema quadripustulatum, Marsh.
Rhinosimus ruficollis, Z,
S, viridipennis, Steph.
* planirostris, 7’,

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PLATE CXLVIII.

Mycterus cureulionoides, /,
(Edemera nobilis, Scop., male.
, ‘ se female.

x lurida, Marsh.
Onecomera femorata, F.
Nacerdes melanura, L., male.
Asclera coerulea, L.

5 sanguinicollis, F.

Pyrochroa coccinea, L.

Ps serraticornis, Scop.

s pectinicornis, L.
Seraptia fuscula, Wull.
Tomoxia biguttata, Gyll.

72,

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2.

PLATE CLI.

Anthicus bimaculatus, ZJJ.
Xylophilus populneus, F.
Pm oculatus, /., male.

” 2

” a iy

antenna of male.
antenna of female.
intermediate leg.
labrum.

maxillary palpus.
female.

Meloe proscarabzeus, Z., male.

” 9

female.

» violaceus, Marsh.
» cicatricosus, Leach,

» variegatus, Don.
» rugosus, Marsh.
» brevicollis, Panz.

Sitaris muralis, Forst.
Lytta vesicatoria, Z.

R Morgan del

RG
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PLATE CLII.

Fie. 1. Brachytarsus fasciatus, Forst.

2. %, varius, F,
3. Macrocephalus (Anthribus) albinus, Z., male.
4, ‘i EA me female.
5. Platyrrhinus latirostris, F.
6. Tropideres niveirostris, F.
as = sepicola, F.
8. Choragus Sheppardi, Kirby.
9. Rhinomacer attelaboides, F.

10. Apoderus coryli, Z.

Ll. Attelabus cureulionoides, /.

12. Byctiscus populeti, /., var., male.

13.

ie = » female.

PLATE 152.

T
+

\ /
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pe

R Morgan, del et lith.

L Reeve & C2 London

PLATE CLIII.

Fie. 1. Byctiseus populi, Z., male.
2. Rhynchites auratus, Scop., male.

3. 7 Bacchus, ZL.

+ Ss cupreus, L.

5 fs equatus, D.

6 zneovirens, Marsh.

7. 5 coeruleus, De G. (conicus, Ill.).

8 z; interpunctatus, Steph. (alliarie, Brit. Cat.).

9 te nanus, Payk.
10. A sericeus, Herbst. (ophthalmicus, Steph.).
11. - pubescens, /.

12. Deporaiis megacephalus, Germ.
a betule, Z., male.

R.Morgan del et Lith

PLATE CLV.

Apion striatum, Marsh.
» Curtisi, Walt.

% levicolle, Kirby,

» apricans, Herbst. i ee
ay nigritarse, Kirby, male. x * =
» ebeninum, Kirby. tdi
” tenue, Kirby. J

»» punctigerum, Pay.
» unicolor, Kirby (platalea, Germ).

» Minimum, Herbst,

ats
:
on
e-
J
.
. 1
f
7) Sk

Fie.

PLATE CLVI.

Apion ervi, Kirby, male.

”

ethiops, Herbst.
pisi, F.

sorbi, F.

vorax, Herbst.
miniatum, Germ.

hematodes, Kirby (frumentarium, Payk.).

rubens, Steph.
malve, F.
limonii, Kirby.
violaceum, Kirby.
affine, Kirby.
humile, Germ.

@~ ~- *
*

L Reeve & C2 Londan

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PLATE CLVIIL.

Peritelus griseus, Ol.
Trachyphleus myrmecophilus, Secdl.

3 aristatus, Gyll.
4 scaber, L.
7 spinimanus, Germ.
Cathormiocerus socius, Boh.
oa maritimus, Rye.
Ceenopsis fissirostris, Walt.
a -. deciduous mandibles.
re Waltoni, Schonh.
Strophosomus coryli, /.
55 capitatus, De G. (obesus, Marsh).
Ks retusus, Marsh.
= faber, Herbst.

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PLATE CLIX.

Fic. Strophosomus lateralis, Payk. (limbatus, F.).
Exomias araneiformis, Schrank. (brunnipes, O1.).
ee pellucidus, Boh.
Omias mollinus, Boh.
Brachysomus echinatus, Bonsd. (hirsutulus, F.).
Eusomus ovulum, JZ].
Sciaphilus muricatus,
Tropiphorus carinatus, Mill.
a tomentosus, Marsh (mercurtalis, Brit. Cat.).
- obtusus, Bonsd.
Barypeithes sulcifrons, Boh.
Liophleus nubilus, F.
Metallites marginatus, Steph.

OP OIAAPE Sw Oo

ee ee
Co 89 IS

5 4! + sth
Riiorgan delethth

PLATE CLX.

‘ ‘
ae

Fic. 1. Polydrusus micans, F.
3, » _ tereticollis, De G. (undatus, F.)
3. * pterygomalis Boh.

4, % flavipes, De G.
one i cervinus, L.

6. » ~chrysomela, O/.

7. ss confluens, Steph.

8. Phyllobius oblongus, L.

9. » ¢alearatus, 7.
10. a urtice, De G. (alneti, F.).
RE bs pyri, L.
12. 5 argentatus, L.

13, “a maculicornis, Germ. var. cinereus.

DT ATR IAO
—_ - rut
J . ee ee ee ee

eR ser ye Serre ny peers

a a

PLATE OLXI =
Fig. 1. Phyllobius pomone, Ol. |

1 ay
2 Ph viridieris, Laich (uniformis Macs: var
griseus, Fowler. Me

3. 5 viridicollis, 7.
4. Tanymecus palliatus, 7.
5. Philopedon (Cneorrhinus) geminatus, F.—
6. Atactogenus (Cneorrhinus) exaratus, Marsh.
7 Barynotus obscurus, F,
8 s elevatus, Marsh (merens auct, nee F.).
9. Alophus triguttatus, 7.
10, Sitones griseus, 7. ’
1. » cambricus, Steph.
13: cp is v. cinerascens, Fuhr. (brown var.).
13, 5 Fegentensbit Herbst.

—4

—

R. Morgan. del ev lith.

7 eb
[eu een

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Ri Morgan

R Morgan, del et lith

PLATE CLXIV. i

Fic. 1. Cleonus suleirostris, ZL. . ad
2. ,, albidus, F. |
3. te nebulosus, L.
4. Lixus paraplecticus, Z.
5. 3» bicolor, O/.
6. » algirus, L. (angustatus, F.).
7. Larinus earline, Ol.
8. Liosoma ovatulum, Clairv.*
9. 5 oe var. collaris, Rye.*

10. US troglodytes, Rye.

11. Liparus (Molytes) coronatus, Goeze.
12, x: germanus, L.

13. Cureulio (Hylobius) abietis, L.

* The teeth on the femora, which are characteristic of this species, are not,
or scarcely, visible from above; this applies also to certain other species in
which the teeth may seem omitted in the plates,

BEV ta) ee nh
nT Aerie:

4
‘

Big? 3:
2.

eer
“ : a fae
she ie
:
z
‘ ;
moe.
: P -*
ag CLXV.

Plinthus ieee RF |
Pissodes pin, L.

notatus, F, a
Trachodes hispidus, ZL.
Orchestes quereus, . Le a ae

”

alni, Z. | Gas
ilicis, fe Sees i
os nigripes, Fouler. nis
avellane, Don. ae
fagi, L. hh i
pratensis, Germ,
iota, F. Ue
stigma, Germ.

R Morgan del,et ith

Bie. 1,4

Pachytyshius !

Grypidius equiseti, F
Erirrhinus ia pia

Erk

eps

s+ * Co —
ao hot 26 olen

f
ot

Fie, 1.

10,

Dorytomus vorax, toes ty io ’

‘Be

Smicronyx Reichei, Gyll. ‘s
Tanysphyrus lemne, F. ‘oe |
Bagous alismatis, Marsh Ghiduetanncs Sehinh). ‘BT Sse

eylindrus, Payk (Lyprus, Schénh). ae

PLATE CLXVIL.

-_—_-_

” female.
tremula, F, ew >,
tortrix, L. |
validirostris, Gyll.

atus, Marsh. eo
melanophthalmus Payk, @ , 1 ‘ '
salicinus, Gyll.

PLATE 167

R Morgan del, ¢t Iith.

L Reeve &C° London

PLATE Oars

Bagous nodulosus, Gyll (binodulus, Thoms.). _
» argillaceus, Gyll (inceratus, Brit. Cat). ae
» limosus, Gyll (subcarinatus, Sharp's Cat: =
» tempestivus, Herbst. =
» brevis, Schinh.
Anoplns plantaris, Naez. me’, She
Acalyptus carpini, F, (v. ee) Gy. !
Elleschus bipunctatus, Z | .
Tychius quinquepunctatus, Z.
» venustus, /. : ,
» Schneideri, Herbst. (lineatulus, Brit. Cat.).
» lineatulus, Steph. (Schneideri, Brit, Cat.).
» mneliloti, Steph. |

RMorgan delet lth ‘ : Vincent Breoks,Day &SonImp

LReeve &C®2 Landon

Miccotrogus picirostris, F.
Sibinia potentille, Germ.

Miarus graminis, Gy/l.

» plantarum, Germ.
Gymnetron villosulus, Giyil.
ee beceabunge, L. —
~ melanarius, Germ. :
"s rostellum, Herbst. ;
pascuorum, Gyll.
45 labilis, Herbst. a
3 antirrhini, Payl: (noctis. Brit. Cat.).

PLATE CLXIX. ¢

arenarie, Steph.
sodalis, Germ.

i
i
4
iz
{
A
i

ea! se

a ae

rant Bean

a The pe a

‘

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Payk hs te
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™ <
»

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re | SEER
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Pre | = 4
Pa ? | Ea SRS OR ae z
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1,
2
3.
4.
5.
6
7
8.
9,
0.
11.
12
13

4 pee te 7 sy el a ee hee 0 es le “A > le “4 r | r= _

R. Morgan delet lith

LReeve & C° London.

’

PLATE CLXXI.

Fig, 1. Nanophyes lythri, L.

2. » gracilis, Redt.

3. crophulari

4, tuberculos

6. ,, blattarie, F,

7. 4 pulchellus, Herbst.

8. Orobitis eyaneus, L.

9. Cryptorrhynchus lapathi, L.

10. Acalles roboris, Curt.

ll. ,,_ turbatus, Boh.

12. Mononychus pseudacori, F.

13. Cceliodes rubicundus, Herbst.

> arr

——————

tor.

el]

thith,

L Reeve & C° London

PLATE CLXXII.

Fig. 1. Cceliodes ruber, Marsh.

2 os quercus, I’.

3. mh erythroleucus, Gmel.

4, » eardui, Herbst (fuliginosus Marsh).
5. 2 quadrimaculatus, LZ.

6 _ geranii, Payk.

7. Poophagus sisymbrii, /.

8
9

- nasturtii, Germ.

. Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Payk.
10. * constrictus, Marsh.
Hk fe cochleariz, Gyll.
12. és erice, Gyll.

138. = erysimi, J’.

PLATE 172.

a
J
"
i

' RMorgan del, et lith. Vincent Brooks, Day & Son Imp

L Reeve & C2 London

Fie.

bo ee

Om fe

a |

—_
~

Ceuthorrhynchus eyanei : ipennis, Germ =

”?

”»

”

Ceuthorrhynchidius pyrrorhyneus, Marsh.

.
”- Cee aL
a _

r pee
i fe
re

geographions, Goes. (whit. F.).

resede, Mi a i 3 bu

litura, F.
posthumus, Germ (pumilio Gyll).

;
| RMorgan delet ih
;

LReeve &C° London

|
|
|
|

PLATE CLXXIV.

Fie. 1. Ceuthorrhynchidius terminatus, Herbst.

2. 6 horridus, F.
3. re quercicola, Payk. :
4, 7 troglodytes, F.
5. . chevrolati, Bris.
6. * Dawsoni, Bris.
7. Tapinotus sellatus, F.
8. Rhytidosomus globulus, Herbst.
9. Amalus hemorrhous, Herbst (scortitlum Herbst).
10. Rhinoncus pericarpius, L.
11. 7 gramineus, FP’. (inconspectus, auct.).
12, » perpendicularis, Reich (subfasciatus Gyll).
13. « castor, F. .

R Morgan del, et ith

oeres oe « : y

Fie. J,

ot
=

OD HP ww wo

lal
oA sh owe

PLATE CLXXV.,

Rhinoncus denticollis, Gyll.
we F » side view.
Eubrychius velatus, Beck.
Litodactylus leucogaster, Marsh.
Phytobius comari, Herbst,
is quadrituberculatus, F.
Re quadricornis, Gyll.
Limnobaris T-album, L.
Baris laticollis, Marsh.
» picicornis Marsh (abrotani Germ).
» analis, Ol.
»» Sseolopacea, Germ.
Balaninus venosus, Grav.
5 nucum, L.

R 2 (0T andan
L Reeve & UL Landon

——__—

PLATE CLXXVI.

Fic. 1. Balaninus turbatus, Gyll.
2. af betula Steph. (cerasorum Herbst).
3 $ rubidus, Gy/l.
4, fe villosus, F.
5. ‘5 salicivorus Payk. (brassice Brit. Cat.).
6. dons pytrhoceras Marsh, male.
7. Calandra granaria, L.
8. a oryze, L.
9. Pentarthrum Huttoni, Woll.
10. Rhopalomesites Tardyi, Curt, male.

10a, = s ss » rostrum. :
24. - se » female.
lla. A A = 5 rostrum.

12. Cossonus ferrugineus, Clairv.
13. Rhyncolus lignarius, Marsh (cylindrirostris Ol.).

RMorgan del,et hth

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is
3

r
.

re a |
ONE DEB ANSA SS w

‘
{55

PLATE OLEXViE, "(am

Rhyncolus ater L. (chloropus, F.).
Caulotrypis sneopiceus, Boh,
Codiosoma spadix, Herbst.
Magdalis phlegmatica, Herbst.

re carbonaria, L.

» armigera Foure, (atramentaria Mer).

» __ pruni, LZ.

»» barbicornis, Zatr, male.
Scolytus Ratzeburgi, Jans. |

» destructor, Ol, -

» intricatus, Ratz. te

» vugulosus, Ratz.

», multistriatus, Marsh.

————E—— SS

4
)
q

Fic. 1.

—_ — he
B08 ES SSE OA Eo ON i eee

13.

PLATE CLXXVII. —

Hylastes ater, Payk. |

i: eunicularius, Zr.

» opacus, Zr.

» palliatus, Gyll.
Hylastinus obseurus, Mars).
Hylesinus crenatus, FP. |

~ oleiperda, FP.

o> frekiniy Parag a

Ss vittatus, F.
Myelophilus piniperda, L.
Cissophagus hedere, Schmidt.

Phleopithorus rhododactylus, Marsh.
Hypothenemus eruditus, Westw.

cette OE

| RMorgan del ce ith
: eo)

Fig.

ee |
pee S

SU eee cee Sen ee

PLATE CLXXIX.

Cryphalus binodulus, Ratz.
2 tiliz, Panz.
m abietis, Ratz.
ie fagi, Nord.
Pityophthorus pubescens, Marsh.
Xylocleptes bispinus, Duft.
Dryocetes autographus, Ratz.
we villosus, F.
Tomicus sexdentatus, Born (stenographus, Duft.)
» typographus, ZL.
» laricis, F.
Pityogenes bidentatus, Herbst. (bidens, F.)
Trypodendron domesticum, ZL, .

PLATE CLXXX.

Fic. 1. Trypodendron quercus, Lich.
2. Xyleborus dispar., male.

3. vs 3 female.
4 ie dryographus, male,
5. ” ” female.

6. Platypus cylindrus, F,
7, Stylops Dalii, Curtis (after Curtis).
7a. » 4, 0. Larve inhabiting the abdomens of living

Andrenz, the heads being exserted
between the segments.

7b. ae One extracted.
Te. . Pupa inhabiting the same situation.
7d. * Tarsus.

8. Stylops melitte, Kirby (Spencii Pck) (after Westwood).
9. Elenchus tenuicornis, Kirby (Walkeri Curtis) (after

Curtis).
10. Halictophagus Curtisii, Dale (after Curtis).
10a. 5 a Antenna.

100. wg +s Posterior tarsus,

1AI
LV.

LAT

10.

et hth.

Ss
aei

réan

RMo

COLEOPTERA.

HETEROMERA.

AvtuoucH a large number of genera and several thousand species have
been described as belonging to this group, yet we know comparatively
little regarding it; it is the most anomalous and in many respects the
least satisfactory of all the divisions of the Coleoptera ; the chief character
by which its members are distinguished, and from which it takes its
name, is the fact that the anterior and intermediate tarsi are 5-jointed
and the posterior tarsi 4-jointed ; there are, however, many heterome-
rous beetles in the other large series, as, for instance, Anisotoma, Acritus,
the male of Rhizophagus, &c., so that the character by no means holds
<ood in all cases, and there is no other upon which it can be strictly de-
fined ; and yet it must be allowed after all that the Heteromera asa
whole are easily separated from the other groups, and that very few
foreign elements have ever been introduced amongst them ; in general
form they differ in an extraordinary degree, and seem to present affinities
towards almost ali the other groups; even in our very limited number
of genera and species this is very obvious; thus Rhinosimus resembles
certain Curculionidae, while Diaperis and Platydema might be taken for

elide, and Gidemera, Nacerdes, Lytta, and Pyrochroa for Ma-
lacodermata; T'ribolium again appears to be allied to the Cryptophagide,
Hypophleus to the Colydiidz, and certain species of Cistela to the
Longicornia ; other species again are entirely anomalous both in their
appearance and their life history ; among these may be mentioned Meloe
Sitaris, and Metecus.

The following are the chief characters of the division as given by
Thomson :—Anterior pairs of tarsi 5-jointed, posterior tarsi 4-jointed ;
anterior coxe globose, ovate or conical, not transverse, contiguous or
slightly distant at apex, posterior, as a rule, mobile ; eyes usually kidney-
shaped; maxillary palpi exserted, usually clubbed; antenne usually
moniliform and not geniculate ; mandibles almost always bifid at apex ;
elytra entire, very rarely shorter than the abdomen ; abdomen composed
of five, very rarely six, ventral segments ; epimera of mesothorax, as a
rule, reaching intermediate coxe. It will be seen from this account of
the characters that there is not one, except the first, that is not liable to
exceptions, and the first, as has been stated above, is found in other
groups ; it is therefore very difficult to determine the true position of

VOL. Vv. B

2 HETEROMERA.

the series ; the majority of authors appear to have placed it between the
series that are, as a rule, pentamerous, and those which are tetramerous
or pseudo-tetramerous (the Rhynchophora, Longicornia, and Phytophaga),
not, as Dr. Horn remarks, that they have been supposed to have any
special relationship to either, nor to be a link between them, but
apparently from the fact that in the aggregate the amount of tarsal
joints is one less than in the Pentamera and two more than in the Tetra-
mera; others again have proposed to place them at the end of the order
as being a sort of synopsis, in general appearance, of the whole; the best
plan, however, appears to be to place them immediately before the
Rhynchophora, which certainly appear to be properly placed last; they
will then stand as an anomalous group at the end of the ordinary
Coleoptera, and through the Pythide present a decided affinity towards
the Curculionide.

The larve are almost as variable as the perfect insects, and in many
cases are most curious and extraordinary both in forms and habits ; they
will be discussed under the various tribes and genera.

The series is well represented in Europe by about two hundred genera,
which contain a large number of species, the genera Asida, Pimelia, and
Mylabris, neither of which are represented in Britain, numbering up-
wards of two hundred between them; fifty-eight genera are found in
Britain, but the species are comparatively very few, being only about
one hundred and twenty in number; the classification is somewhat
difficult from the fact that the characters that seem trustworthy are so
liable to exceptions, and in many cases are not very obvious, although
the insects to be distinguished are in many cases entirely different in
general appearance; Thomson divides the Heteromera as a whole into
two divisions, the Globicoxe, which have the anterior coxe globose or
ovate, and the Conicoxe, in which they are long, conical, and exserted,
and I have, to a certain extent, followed his arrangement; the genus
that I have felt most doubt about is Scraptia, which has been very
differently placed by various authors; it seems, however, to be most
closely allied to the Mordellidz,-and I have therefore placed it as a
separate family near that group, rather than with the Pedilide, which are
more closely allied to the Anthicide:.in point of fact I have not
adopted the family Pedilide at all, as Xylophilus, including Euglenes,
appears to be better placed either with the Anthicide or in a separate
family, and if we exclude this genus and Scraptia, we have no further
British representatives of the family.

I, Anterior coxal cavities closed behind.
i. Tarsal claws simple.
1. Anterior cox globose, rarely oval, not prominent; pen-
ultimate joint of tarsi very Rae bilobed and spongy
beneath . . . . TENEBRIONIDE.
2. Anterior coxz ‘conical- ovate, ‘prominent, " penultimate
joint of tarsi bilobed and spcngy beneath. .. . . + LA@rRimpa.

— i

ii. Tarsal claws pectinate . . . - - + + + « + + + COISTELIDE.

(Alleculide.)
- Anterior coxal cavities open behind.
. Anterior cox globose or ovate. -
=0% Head not suddenly constricted behind eyes.
A. Thorax subovate, or cordiform, narrowed in front and
usually narrowed behind, often narrower at base than
apex, and narrower at base than base of elytra . . « PYTHIDzZ.
B. Thorax not narrower at base than at apex, and not,
or senzee’ ys narrower. at base than base of elytra . . MELANDRYIDZ.
2. Head suddenly constricted behind eyes; thorax not
narrower at base than elytra.
A. Posterior tibiz as long as the tarsi ; tarsal claws with
a rudimen tooth at base; penultimate joint of tarsi
strongly i aa ScraPrTiipz.
‘B. eal pctiel ljubi taaghisabbetien thes: thétaval "tarsal
claws usually Pagel toothed; penultimate joint of
tarsi simple a Hoon ’s vibe 30% 23>. Moun:

A. Thorax at base not narrower than base of elytra . . RuHIPIDOPHORID2®.
B. Thorax at base plainly narrower than base of elytra.
a. Tarsal claws split from base to apex . . . . . MELOID2R.

b. Tarsal claws not split.
a*, Antenne long, serrate or pectinate; head ex-
serted, horizontal; size large . PyROOHROIDE.
b*, Antenne moderate or long, filiform (in our
species) ; head deflexed ; size very small.
at. Penultimate joint of the tarsi minute, hidden
within the lobes of the preceding joint, which is
strongly bilobed ; head constricted peers
behind the eyes, which are large XYLOPHILID®.
bt. Penultimate joint of tarsi not minzte, bilobed ;
head constricted at some distance behind the
eyes, which are moderate or small . ANTHICIDE.
2. voteaclgenbreicg aimed suddenly constricted into a neck
behind... . - ° . ope - CpEMERIDE.

* TENEBRIONIDZ.

‘This important family contains a very large number of genera and
species, which are distributed over the whole surface of the globe; in
the Munich catalogue, published in 1870, four thousand five hundred
species are enumerated, but this number has been largely increased since
that time, and is perpetually being added to ; although their distribution
is almost universal, yet in some large districts it appears to be very
uneven, more especially in North America, where they form the
characteristic feature of the Coleopterous fauna in California, but in the
eastern portions of the continent are scarce; in Europe the family is
represented by about one hundred and twenty five genera, and several
hundred species, but in Britain only about thirty species, representing,
however, some nineteen genera, have hitherto been discovered ; these
may be subdivided and classified under the tribes below mentioned » but
it is obvious that with our very limited fauna any classification is un-

4 HETEROMERA. [ Tenebrionide.

satisfactory. The following are the chief characteristics of the family :—
Form very variable ; antenne generally inserted under the sides of the
head or at least under a small frontal ridge, thickened towards apex or
slightly serrate, usually 11-jointed ; maxille with two lobes, palpi
4-jointed, mandibles short and robust, furnished with a basal tooth,
entire or emarginate at tip; elytra usually covering abdomen ; abdomen
with five ventral segments, of which the first three are more or less
closely connected ; anterior coxal cavities closed behind ; anterior coxe
globose, rarely oval, not prominent; legs variable,

The larve of the Tenebrionide are elongate and cylindricai, and usually somewhat
depressed ; they bear an exceedingly strong resemblance to the larve of Agriotes, &c.,
among the Elateride, the well-known “ wire-worms;” in fact the chief visible
differences consist in the non-connate clypeus and large and plainly visible labrum,
and also in the formation of the anal segment, which varies very much and is often
very peculiar in the Elateride, but in the Tenebrionide is sbort and usually simple,
often pointed, and terminates in two short warty prominences which are used for
locomotion ; the antennze and legs are short, and the segments, except very rarely,
are of almost the same breadth throughout until the anal segment ; the prothorax is
often longer and the meso- and metathorax shorter than the abdominal segments; in
both the larval and the perfect state the members of the family live on vegetuble
matter in various conditions, and certain species, notably the typical Tenebrio
molitor, occasionally do great damage in granaries and meal-stores.

I. Front entirely corneous.
i. First joint of posterior tarsi short, not, or scarcely, longer

than second; gene suleate . . . 4... BoLirorHaGina.
ii. First joint of posterior tarsi moderate or elongate, longer
~ than second ;* genz not sulcate.
1. Tarsi spinose or setose beneath.
A. Anterior tibiz not, or scarcely, dilated; apex of
clypeus entire.
a. Hind coxe transverse, widely separated ; femora
elongate. . . . . BLApriIna.

b. Hind cox oblique, not widely separated ; femora
not elongate . . . . . - o ks) te te 6 “ORYPTIOINA:
B. At least anterior tibiz dilated.
a. Apex of clypeus emarginate. .°. . . . . + OPATRINA.
b. Apex of clypeus entire o + we « « 46 on PRSORYSORLINA,
2. Tarsi (at all events the anterior pair in male) pubescent
beneath.
A. Eyes more prominent than sides of front . . . . DIAPERINA.
B. Eyes less prominent than sides of front.
a. Anterior coxe rounded ; intermediate coxee with
trochantin ; third joint of antennz long.
a*, Clypeus not or only slightly emarginate ; all
the tarsi pubescent beneath . . . . +.
b*. Clypeus deeply emarginate; anterior tarsi of
male pubescent beneath. . . . . . + + « PEDININA.
b. Anterior coxze subtransverse ; intermediate cox
without trochantin; third joint of antenna short ULOMINA. ~
II. Front separated from clypeus by a distinct coriaceous band HELOPINA.

TENEBRIONINA.

* In the genus Diaperis the first joint of the posterior tarsi is only a little longer than
the second ; it may therefore, perhaps, be considered an exception, although the first
joint is plainly longer in proportion than in the Bolitophagina,

‘
*
a
co
z

—

_ Blaptina.) HETEROMERA. 5

BLAPTINA.

Tn this tribe the clypeus is entire, or nearly entire, at apex ; the head
is prominent and slightly narrowed behind the eyes ; the metasternum -
is very short and the epipleure of the elytra are very large and broadly
embrace the sides of the abdomen ; the legs are long and the tibial spurs
are distinct ; the femora are elongate and considerably exeeed the
margin of the elytra, and the tarsi are channelled and setose beneath ;
three genera belonging to the tribe are found in Europe, of which one
is represented in Britain ; between this tribe and the Crypticina there
intervene the large and important genera Asida and Pimelia, neither
of which are found in this country.

BLAPS, F phiicius:

About one hundred and thirty species belong to this genus, of which
more than forty are found in Europe, and the chief part of the re-
mainder in Northern and Central Asia and Northern Africa ; hardly
any occur in the tropics, where they are replaced by allied genera; they
are large, dark, repulsive-looking insects, and our common species B.
mucronata is commonly known as the “churchyard beetle,” owing to
the fact that the members of the genus are often found in vaults,
cellars, &c.; three species only occur in Britain, one of which is very
tare ; in the late Mr. W. Garney’s collection there is a specimen of B,
gages, L. (gigas, F.); which was originally in Mr. Griesbach’s collection,
and was formerly taken in the south of England, but it is an evident
importation ; the species have the three penultimate joints of the
antenne dull and rounded, and the last joint acuminate, the second being
very short and the third very long, four or five times as long as second ;
the prosternum has no process behind the anterior cox, and all the pairs
of cox, beginning from the anterior pair, become gradually more widely
distant ; the tarsi beneath are biseriately setose ; the general sculpture is
feeble.

The larva of Blaps similis is described and figured by Schiddte (De Metamorphos
Eleutheratorum, x. p. 532, pl. vi. fig. 1); it is ofa pale colour, with the head, legs,
and ninth segment of the abdomen slightly ferruginous and the mandibles and ‘claws
pitchy ; the shape is linear and very parallel but rather broader than in some of the
ullied larve ; the prothorax is the longest segment, and the aval segment is mucronate

at apex; the full-grown larva presents no traces of ocelli; it inhabits dark holes and -
corners, cellars, &c., and lives on vegetable matter.

I. Antennz longer, with joints 4-7 oblong, more or less
elongate.

i. Form narrower; thorax distinctly narrowed behind;
apical process of elytralomger . . . . . « . = « B. mortisaGa, L.
ii. Form broader; thorax settles no narrowed behind ;
apical process of elytra shorter. . . . - 2. . « + B. Mucronata, Latr,
II. Antenne shorter, with st 4-7 short oval and
rounded; form broad ..... wh $454 eee B. sourtis, Latr.

B. mortisaga, L. (atsadaata, Dej.). Black, upper side rather dull,
under-side shiny, moderately elongate ; clypeus without smooth ventral

6 HETEROMERA, [ Blaps.

line, more prominent at anterior angles; antenne with joints 4-7
oblong ; thorax scarcely transverse, narrowed behind ; elytra broadest in
middle ; metasternum transversely furrowed; legs long; allied to B.
mucronata, but distinguished by its narrower form, and by having the
thorax distinctly narrowed behind and the apical process of the elytra
longer. L. 18-20 mm.

Male (female ? aecording to Thomson) with a fovea set with yellow
hairs at the base of the second abdominal ventral segment.

Very rare, and somewhat doubtfully indigenous, as very many of the specimens
that have stood in our old collections under this name must be referred to the succeeding
species ; Burton-on-Trent, in Mr. Worthington’s brewery ; recorded from Glanvilles
Wootton, Dorset, and as common in houses in Exeter; but these records very pro-
bably must be referred to B. mucronata; Scotland, very rare, in outhouses, Tay and
Moray districts; in Dr. Power’s collection there is a specimen from Elgin, and two
sent from Scotland by Mr. Hislop.

B. mucronata, Latr. (obtusa, Sturm, teste H. R. W.; mortisaga,
Steph., Curt., Ol., nec L. ; Leptocolena mucronata, All.). Broader than the
preceding, obovate, upper surface dull, under surface more shining ;
clypeus with a central line, scarcely prominent at anterior angles ;
antenne with joints 4—7 elongate and the penultimate joints short oval ;
thorax a little broader than long, with sides: rounded and narrowed in
front, scarcely narrowed behind, finely, rather diffusely and obsoletely
punctured ; elytra broadest behind middle, very finely punctured and
somewhat coriaceous; metasternum transversely furrowed in middle ;
apical process of elytra short; legs long. L. 18-22 mm.

In cellars, stables, kitchens, churchyards, &c.; crawling about at night; generally
distributed and common throughout the greater part of the kingdom; Mr. Bold
remarks that it has been found in plenty in the Northumberland and Durham
district down some of the deepest coal mines.

B. similis, Latr. (/atidica, Thoms. ; obtusa, Curt., Thoms. ; Agroblaps
similis, Mots.). This species may at once be known from the two pre-
ceding by its broader form and by the structure of the antenne, which
are considerably shorter, and have joints 4-10 short oval and moniliform,
the seventh being larger and broader than those contiguous to it ; the
clypeus has no smooth central line, and is scarcely prominent at ihe
anterior angles ; the thorax is hardly transverse, and has the sides sub-
parallel and a little narrowed towards base; the elytra are broad and
rather convex, widest about or a little behind middle, more plainly
punctured than in the preceding species ; metasternum with traces of a
transverse furrow at sides only; sexual characters as in B. mortisaga.
L. 18-22 mm.

In cellars, outbuildings, &c.; local and, as a rule, not common; London; Hert-
ford; Kingsgate, on the sea shore (‘I'. Wood) ; Dover; Hastings; Brighton; Hamp-
shire; Weston-super-Mare; Cambridge; Scotland, in outhouses, rare, Solway

district.
CRYPTICINA.

Four genera and twenty-three species belonging to this tribe are found

pee

Crypticina. | _HETEROMERA. 7

in Europe, of which one genus and one species occur in Britain ; they
may be distinguished from the preceding by having the hind coxe not
widely separate, the femora not elongate, the epipleure of the elytra
narrower, and the fact that the prosternum is furnished with a short
process behind the anterior coxe, and from the Pedinina and Opatrina
by the entire clypeus, and by not having the anterior tibie dilated at
apex.

CRYPTICUS, Laitreille.

This genus contains upwards of thirty species, of which thirteen are
found in Europe, and the remainder have been described from Syria,
Algeria, the Canary Islands, Siberia, Ceylon, &c.; they are small or
moderate-sized insects, winged, with the antennz and legs slender, and
the third joint of the antennz only one and a half times as long as the
second ; the thorax is large and ample, a little broader than elytra, emar-
ginate at base; the upper surface is smooth and glabrous, and moderately
convex.

The larva and pupa of C. quisquilius are described and figured by Schiddte (l.c.
pp- 536, 586, pl. vii. fig. 1, 5); larva is very long and slender, being thirteen
times as long as broad (that of Blaps similis being ouly eight times longer than its
breadth); the head is moderately large, and is furnished near each antenna with
three very minute ocelli; the prothorax is longer than the two following segments
together, and the anal segment is moderately long and rounded at apex; the front
pairs of legs are comparatively long and stout, and are evidently fossorial; the colour
is almost entirely yellowish ; the pupais much longer than broad, and is furnished at
the sides of the segments with dentate excrescences or plates (termed by Schiddte
‘* lamine motorie”) bearing long sete; the apex is terminated by two moderately
long and sharp cerci ; the insect in all its stages is found in sandhills.

- ©. quisquilius, L. Subovate, convex, glabrous, black, rather
shining, with the head and thorax very finely and the elytra less finely
and more distinctly punctured ; antennz rather long and slender; head
much narrower than thorax, which is large, and rather broader at base
than elytra, and is furnished on disc with two more or less obsolete
impressions ; elytra broadest a little behind middle, gradually narrowed
to apex, with faint traces of strie; legs long, black vr pitchy.
L. 5-6 mm. .

Male with the last joint of the maxillary palpi very large, sublunate,
and the last ventral segment of abdomen truncately rounded at apex.

Female with the last joint of the maxillary palpi slightly securiform,
and the last ventral segment of the abdomen semicircular.

Sandy places on the coast—at roots of grass, and in moss; somewhat local, but
not uncommon; Southend; Sheerness; Felixstowe; Brandon, Suffolk; Great
Yarmouth; Hunstanten; Dover; Deal; Sandwich; Hastings; Chesil Beach;
Weymouth; Scilly Islands; Rhyl, N. Wales; Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire ; not
recorded from the northern counties of England or from Scotland; Ireland, Port-
marnock near Dublin and Belfast district.

8 HETEROMERA, [ Pedinina.

PEDININA.

Eleven genera and about one hundred and ten species belonging to
this tribe are found in Europe, but only one genus and one species oceur
in Britain; they are by some authors ineluded with the Opatrina, but
differ in having at least the anterior tarsi of the male pubescent and
not spinose beneath ; in other points the two tribes very closely resemble
each other.

HELIOPATHES, Mulsant.

In this genus the maxillary palpi have the last joint securiform, and
the antenne robust and more or less thickened towards apex ; the pos-
terior femora are moderately long, and the posterior coxee are broadly
distant ; the anterior tibiee are compressed and much dilated ; upwards
of fifty species have been described, of which about thirty are found in
Europe, and the remainder in Northern and Central Asia, China, and
Algeria. os

The larva of H. gibbus very closely resembles that of Crypticus guisquilius, and
does not require a separate description, as it only differs in being slightly broader,

and in having the head, legs, and ninth segment of abdomen ferruginous ; it is found
in sandhills.

H. gibbus, F. (Olocrates gibbus, Muls.). Oblong-oval, convex,
black, rather shining; head moderately large, closely and distinctly
punctured, antenne short, moniliform, pitchy red ; thorax transverse,
with sides slightly rounded, and narrowed behind, closely punctured,
with obsolete impressions on disc; elytra with punctured striew, and
broad coarsely punctured interstices, the alternate ones being more or
less strongly raised; the sculpture of the elytra is often somewhat
rugose ; legs stout and robust, pitchy black or pitchy red, anterior tibiae
dilated. L, 6-8 mm.

Male with the central portion of the abdomen slightly impressed at
base ; anterior tarsi with the three first joints dilated and tomentose
beneath.

Sandy places on the coast; locally common; Southend; Lowestoft ; Harwich ;
Deal; Dover; Isle of Wight, Sandown, &c. ; Portsmouth ; Chesil Beach; Dawlish
and Exmouth; Burnham, Somerset ; Weston-super-Mare; Swansea ; Manchester,

general, on the sandy coasts; Isle of Man; Scotland, very rare, Solway and Clyde
districts ; Lreland, Newcastle, co. Down, and Portmarnock.

OPATRINA. .

The members of this tribe are distinguished by their excised clypeus,
small labrum, short and stout antenne which are thickened towards
apex, and dilatedanterior-tibiz, as well as by the spinose under surface
of all the tarsi ; as above mentioned, they are clesely allied to the
Pedinina ; ten genera are found in Europe, containing nearly fifty

Opatrina. | HETEROMERA. 9

_ species ; of these two genera represented by two species are indigenous
to Britain.
I. Last joint of maxillary palpi securiform ; posterior coxw~
more distant, with the portion of the first abdominal seg-
ment included between them truncate atapex . . . . . OpaTRuM, F.
II. Last joint of maxillary palpi ovate ; posterior coxe less _
distant, with the portion of the first cuca tee? semen
_ included between hom Sera - + Microzoum, Redt.

OPATRUM, Fabricius. (Hopatrum, auct.)

This is a large and extensive genus, containing upwards of one hun-
dred and fifty species, of which twenty-five are found in Europe, and
the remainder are very widely distributed, species occurring in Siberia,
Japan, Ceylon, Madagascar, the Cape of Good Hope, the Gaboon dis-
trict, St. Helena, Java, the Australian region, &c.; it does not, how-
ever, appear to be represented in North or South America; the species
are scabrous and, for the most part, dull and obscure insects, and are
found in sandy places, especially near the coast ; they appear to be
variable in several points.

The larva and pupa of O. sabulosum are described and figured by Schiédte (Ic.
pp- 541, 585, pl. vii. fig. 15, 20); they much resemble those of Crypticus, but are
somewhat broader, and the plates at the sides of the pupa are less plainly dentate and

set with shorter sete; the colour of the larva is fuscous above and pale beneath,
with the mandibles and the apex of the claws pitchy.

©. sabulosum, Gyll. Oblong-oval, dull black, rough, often en-
crusted with sand and mud, not very convex ; head transverse, much
narrower than thorax, antennz short and stout, much thickened towards
apex, with the penultimate joints transverse, maxillary palpi with the
last joint securiform ; thorax transverse, with the sides slightly rounded,
posterior angles projecting, very closely granulate; scutellum rather
large ; elytra with irregular rows of strong tubercles placed more or
less widely apart; interstices very closely granulate ; legs stout and
robust, anterior tibiz dilated, fossorial. L. €-7 mm.

Male with the first three segments of the abdomen slightly impressed
in middle.

Sandy places on the coast; locally common ; Southend; Whitstable ; Clacton-

ou-Sea; Hastings; Deal; Dover ; Brighton ; Portsmouth district ; Isle of Wight,
Sandown, &e. ; Chesil Beach ; Devon, general; Liverpool district ; it appears to be
common all along the south-eastern and southern counties of England, but has not

been recorded from Scotland or Ireland ; it is an extremely strong and stout insect,
and very tenacious of life.

MICROZOUM, Redienbacher.

The members of this genus considerably resemble the preceding, but
are smaller and less roughly sculptured; they may be known from

10 HETEROMERA. [ Mierozoum.

Opatrum by the ovate last joint of their maxillary palpi; only three
species appear to have been described, from Europe, Central Asia, and
Algeria respectively.

M. tibiale, F. A small species, oblong oval, not very convex, dull
black ; head and thorax very closely sculptured ; antennz very short,
much thickened towards apex ; thorax transverse, with sides rounded in

front, broadest before middle, with three impunctate spots on dise, and -

a rather deep impression on each side near base behind ; elytra not very
closely punctured, finely shagreened between punctures, and coarsely,
but somewhat indistinctly, rugose; legs robust, all the tibize dilated
towards apex and toothed externally, anterior tarsi very short. L,
3 mm, |

Sandy places; asa rule on the coast, but also found inland; locally common ;
Esher and Wisley, Surrey; Southend; Lowestoft; Hunstanton; Del; Dover;
. Hastings; Hayling Island; Portsmouth; Isle of Wight; Burnham, Somerset;
Kidderminster; Swansea; Borth, near Aberystwith; Ripon; Liverpool; Man-
chester (general) ; not recorded from Scotland or Ireland.

TRACHYSCELINA.

The members of this family are oval or rounded insects, with at least
the anterior tibize dilated and the apex of the clypeus entire; the
antenne are short and somewhat thickened towards apex, and the palpi
are not dilated; the epipleure of the elytra are narrow ; all the legs are
stout, and the tarsi are setose beneath ; four species and twelve genera
are found in Europe, of which one genus represented by one species
occurs in Britain.

PHALERIA, Laireille.

This genus contains more than thirty species, of which seven are
found in Europe, and the remainder are widely distributed from Kamt-
schatka to Madagascar ; species have been recorded from the Canary
Islands, the Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, Chili, the Galapagos Islands,
North America, &e. ; the single British species may easily be known by
its oval and convex form and light testaceous colour, as well as by its
short antenne and dilated anterior tibia.

The larva of P. cadaverina will be found fully described by myself in the Ento-
mologists’ Monthly Magazine, vol. xxv. p. 304; it is very closely allied to the larve
of Crypticus, Heliopathes, Opatrum, and other Tenebrionide ; it is found with the
perfect insect in sand under sea-weed and shore refuse; when disturbed it feigns
death, and lies perfectly motionless for some time; under a high power, however, it
will be noticed that the antennz and usually the legs are constantly quivering, and
immediately the danger appears to be past, the insect turns quickly over and, bur-
rowing rapidly in the sand, soon disappears from view. The following is an abridged
description of the larva:—Length, 11-12 mm. ; elongate, linear, scarcely narrower
behind, of a lighter or darker ochreous colour, with the head dark brown, and the
mandibles almost black ; the claws also and spines of the legs are dark ; head broad,
ocelli black, rather large, three in number on each side, placed close together in a

Phaleria.} HETEROMER A. 11

somewhat moeetate: line, their separation being ill-defined; antennz short, 3-

jointed ; body consisting of twelve segments, of which the prothorax i is the largest,
a about as long as the meso- and metathorax together; first eight abdominal
segments much resembling one another; anal segment somewhat spoon-shaped, -
rounded at apex, with almost the whole upper surface occupied by a broad, some-
what rugose, shallow excavation, the apical margin of which is furnished with four
small, but stout and distinct, dark tubercles; beneath the anal segment there is a
plate furnished with two comparatively long’ fleshy prominences which serve as
prolegs; legs short, but Rags visible from above, fossorial, terminated by a single
claw. Lam indebted for the opportunity of describing this larva to Mr. G. C. Big-
nell, who kindly sent me a colony of the perfect insect with two of the larvez.

P. cadaverina, F. Oval, convex, testaceous, with a more or less
distinct black spot on each elytron, which is very variable, sometimes
occupying the greater part of the surface, and sometimes entirely absent ;
between these two extremes endless varieties occur; occasionally the
spots are confluent at the suture ; head subtriangular, distinctly punc-
tured, antennz short, thickened towards apex ; thorax broader than
long, with the sides subparallel behind, and gradually rounded and nar-
rowed in front, very finely punctured, the punctuation being somewhat
diffuse on disc, scutellum transverse ; elytra with distinct strie, inter-
stices finely but plainly punctured ; legs stout, anterior tibie dilated.
L. 6-7 mm.
isemae Lge locally cee ‘Southend. ee ween, Cee
Sea; Hunstanton; Margate; Hastings; Dover; Hayling Island; Portsmouth ;
Isle of Wight; Bournemouth ; Weymouth ; Whitsand Bay, Ply mouth ; Dawlish ;

Barnstaple; Burnham, Somerset ; Swansea ; Barmouth ; Lytham, "Lancashire
(Power).

BOLITOPHAGINA.

This tribe may be distinguished from all the other tribes belonging
to the family by the short first joint of the posterior tarsi, as well as by
the sulcate gene; the antennz are inserted in our genera beneath
a strong frontal ‘plate and are thickened towards apex, the inter-
mediate joints being laterally produced ; the tibie are linear, or slightly
widened at apex, with the spurs small or obsolete ; the tarsi are covered
beneath with thin and short pubescence, and their last joint is longer
than the preceding ones taken together; both the European genera are .
found in Britain.

I. Eyes completely divided ; sides of thorax strongly

crenulate . - Botrropuacts, JU.
II. Eyes not completely divided ; sides of thorax not, or
scarcely, crenulate . . . . . . . + « « « « « - HeEtevons, Latr.

BOLITOPHAGUS, llliger.

This genus contains about twenty species, of which three are found
in Europe and the remainder are very widely distributed, representa-

12 HETEROMERA. [ Bolitophagus.

tives occurring in Central Asia, North and South America, India,
Burmah, New Zealand, &c.; the eyes are entirely divided by the

frontal plate ; the femora are long and project considerably beyond the

sides of the elytra, and the anterior tibiw are furnished with two spurs
at apex, the intermediate and posterior pairs having one only ; they are
moderate-sized insects, of dull and obscure appearance, with the upper
surface rather strongly sculptured, but almost without pubescence.

The larva and pupa of B. reticulatus are described and figured by Schiédte (l.c.
pp. 545, 584, pl. vili. figs. 1, 8); the larva is white with the head and the dorsal
portion of the prothoracic segment, as well as the legs, pale ferruginous ; it is less
linear than those belonging to the family that have been before described, being
broadest about the middle ; the prothorax is aslong as the two following segments, and
is constricted in the middle so that it appears divided; the abdominal segments are
furnished on each side with setose prominences; the anal segment is small and
conical, and terminates in two very short cerci; the anterior legs are shorter than the
other pairs; the pupa is much longer than broad, narrowed to apex, with the plates
at the sides of the abdominal segments bifid, and produced at each side, and bearing
short sete ; the cerci are comparatively long and are pointed ; the insect in all its
stages is found in boleti.

B. reticulatus, L. (crenatus, F.). Oblong, rather convex, dull
black, occasionaliy brownish; head large, almost semicircular in front,
with the eyes prominent, completely divided; antennze moderately
long, robust, thickened towards apex, with joints 5-9 transverse and
dentately produced internally ; thorax transverse, strongly emarginate
in front, with the anterior angles projecting, and the sides notched, very
closely and strongly punctured ; elytra deflexed and produced at apex,
with deeply punctured striae, which are comparatively feeble at apex,
but become very strong towards sides, interstices after the first three or
four next suture carinate ; legs long and not thickened. L. 6 mm.

Male with joints 3-7 of the antennz clothed internally with rather
thick and long pilose pubescence, posterior tibiz with distinct spurs.

Female with joints 3-7 of the antenne clothed with very short
pubescence, posterior tibize with the spurs more or less obsolete.

In fungi on birch and oak ; very local and, as a rule, very rare; it has only been
found in the Tay district of Scotland, Rannoch, &e,

HELEDONA, Laireille.

Two species only appear to be known as belonging to this genus, one
from Peru, and one which inhabits Europe ; they may be known from
the preceding genus by their smaller size, and by the fact that the eyes
are not completely divided, nor are the sides of the thorax distinctly
crenulate ; the larva of H. agaricola closely resembles that of Bolito-
phagus reticulatus, except that it is smaller, with all the segments trans-
verse, and has the ninth dorsal segment of the abdomen broadly rounded
behind and without appendages ; it is found in boleti.

H. agaricola, F. A small, short, convex, oblong-oval species, dark

Heledona.] ; - HETEROMERA, — 13

brown or reddish-brown, very dull, with the antennz and legs ferru-
ginous ; head much narrower than thorax very closely sculptured,
antennz short and stout, much thickened at apex; thorax transverse,
with the sides rounded and finely notched, very coarsely and granulosely ~
punctured, anterior angles sharply projecting; elytra subparallel,
gibbose behind, with the elytra sulcate, the sulci being punctured in
rows, and with the interstices narrowly raised and furnished with rows
of setz ; legs moderately long, not thickened. L. 2}-3 mm.

Male with the forehead elevated into a tubercle near eyes, and the
elypeus projecting in a small tooth on each side at apex.

In boleti on oak, &c. ; very local, but occasionally found in numbers where it

occurs; Richmond Park, Mickleham, Box Hill, Cobham Park, Merton, Chatham,
West Wickham, Farnham; Hampshire; Bristol; Norfolk ; Sherwood Forest.

DIAPERINA.

~In this tribe the body is oval or rounded and winged ; the head is
sunk in the thorax as far as the eyes; the clypeus is entire and mem-
branous at apex ; the antennz are more or less thickened ; the thorax
is narrowed in front, and is sharply margined ; the tibie are straight and
not dilated, and are furnished with small spurs, and the tarsi are
pubescent beneath; there are seven European genera, of which four are
represented in Britain ; two, however, are extremely rare ; in form and
general appearance several of the members of the tribe closely resemble
certain Chrysomelide.
I. Posterior tarsi with the first joint comparatively short Drarenrts, Geoff.
IL. Posterior tarsi with the first joint elongate.
i. Upper surface glabrous.
1. Posterior coxe not widely distant ; thorax slightly
emarginate at apex. . . -« « » +. - . . Pxratypema, Lap.
2. Posterior coxe widely distant; thorax strongly
emarginate atapex. . . . . - + « + « « ScAPHIpEMA, Redé.
ii. Upper surface finely pubescent; posterior coxe
BEAMTIY GIANG eee ie) 0-0 em mie . . ALPHITOPHAGUS, Steph.

DIAPERIS, Geoffroy.

This genus contains four or five species, of which two, or three, if
D. bipustulata is considered a separate species, are found in Europe, and
the other two have been described from North America and Cayenne
respectively; they are round oval and convex insects with the club of
the antenne elongate, 8-jointed, all the joints except the last being
transverse ; the tarsi are short with the first joint only a little longer than
second, and the prosternum is very short.

The larva and pupa of D. boleti are described and figured by Schiddte (1.c. pp.
585, pl. viii. fig. PY 2 23); the larva is white sei woke! coosgre ree sah
and the forehead fuscous, and is entirely membranous except the head and legs; it
very much resembles the larva of Bolitophagus, but is rather broader (being only six

14 HETEROMERA. [ Diaperis.

times longer than broad) and has the last segment simple, and the prominences at
the sides of the abdominal segments without setze ; the prothorax also is transverse ;
the pupa is broad, the length being only about twice as great as the breadth, and is
covered with rather strong setose tubercles; the cerci are very small and are curved ;
the insect in ail its stages is found in boleti.

PD. boleti, L. Ovate, very convex, glabrous, shining black, elytra
with two waved yellow bands, one at base, and another behind middle, in-

terrupted at suture, and with the apex also yellow; head much narrower ~

than thorax, antennz as above described; head and thorax finely and not
very thickly punctured, the latter transverse, gradually narrowed in
front, sinuate at base and slightly produced before scutellum; elytra with
nine distinct rows of punctures on each, interstices minutely and sparingly
punctured ; legs moderately long, fourth joint of anterior tarsi very small,
so that the tarsi appear to be 4-jointed. L. 6 mm.

Male with the last joint of the maxillary palpi oblong-oval and the
thorax slightly emarginate in middle of anterior margin.

Female with the last joint of the maxillary palpi oval and the thorax
not emarginate at apex.

In boleti, especially on birch; found in May and June; once taken in profusion
at Barham, Suffolk, by the Rev. W. Kirby; Stephens also records it from near
Hastings, and from Dalston Wood, Cumberland ; I have always been under the im-
pression that it has occurred in the New Forest, but cannot find any record; the

species has not been found for many years, but it is quite possible that it may again
be discovered.

PLATYDEMA, Laporie.

The members of this genus are distinguished from the preceding by
the longer first joint of the tarsi, especially of the posterior pair, and
also by having the prosternum deplanate between the coxe; the last
eight joints of the antenne are thickened.

The larva of P. dytiscoides (violacewm) is described and figured by
Schiddte (l.c. p. 550, pl. viii. fig. 25); it differs considerably from that
of Diaperis in having no projections at the sides of the abdominal seg-
ments, so that it rather resembles the larve of Opatrum and Heliopathes ;
it gradually and gently tapers to the apex, which is mucronate and
furnished at each side with a small prominence; the colour is fuscous
with the abdomen pale fuscous, and the head and apex of abdomen
pitchy ; it is found under the bark of oak. The genus contains about
eighty species, which are chiefly found in tropical countries, only four
occurring in Europe; a considerable number are found in Brazil,
Cayenne, &c., and representatives have been described from North and
Central America, Cuba, Japan, Ceylon, Madagascar, and the Australian
region; our single British species is extremely rare, and has only been
found in the New Forest; it much resembles a Chrysomela.

P. dytiscoides, Rossi (violacewm, F.). Oblong oval, slightly con-
vex, glabrous, shining, violaceous with the antennew and legs pitchy, the

Platydema. } HETEROMERA. 15

former lighter at base and apex; upper surface thickly and minutely
punctured ; head with a transverse impression at the base of the clypeus,
much narrower than thorax ; antennz not reaching to the base of thorax,
with the second joint the smallest, and joints 4-10 strongly transverse ;
thorax strongly transverse, base slightly produced before scutellum,
posterior angles right angles; elytra somewhat acuminate at apex, with
distinct rows of punctures, interstices minutely and rather sparingly
punctured ; legs moderate, tarsi with the first joint elongate. L.6 mm.

Under bark ; very rare; it has only occurred in the New Forest, where it has been
taken by Dale, Stephens, Jauson, Power, Turner, and others.

SCAPHIDEMA, Redtenbacher.

Two European species and one from North America have been de-
scribed as belonging to this genus; they are ovate and moderately convex
insects, considerably narrowed in front and behind ; the thorax is deeply
emarginate at apex, and has the anterior angles acutely produced, and
the sides very strongly margined ; the posterior coxe are widely distant;
the tibie and tarsi are slender, and the first joint of the posterior pair of
the latter is elongate ; the process of the prosternum is deplanate behind
the cox and rounded at apex.

The larva of S. metallicum is described and figured by Schiddte (lc. p. 552, pl. ix.
fig. 10); it is much broader than any of those that have been previously described

ing to the family, being only four times as long as broad ; its colour is
fafeginos above and pale beneath, with the hinder portions of the upper side of the
paler; the head is broad. with very short antennz; the thorax is much
longer than the succeeding segments ; the abdomen is gradually narrowed behind,
the last segment being very small and narrow, and furnished with two minute

omg reggae ale the legs are short; the larva is found in dead trunks of
>

_ S&S. metallicum, F. (eneum, Payk.). Ovate, convex, glabrous,

very shining, upper side brassy or fuscous-brassy, under-side more or less
ferruginous ; head ferruginous, forehead flat, antenne stout, thickened
towards apex, pitchy-black or ferruginous, lighter at base and apex;

thorax transverse, with sides gradually narrowed and rounded in front,
and with strong ferruginous margins, anterior margin emarginate, with
the angles projecting, punctuation fine and not close; elytra broader at
base than thorax, somewhat acuminate at apex, with regular rows of
rather strong punctures, interstices diffusely punctured ; legs rather long,
slender, clear red. L. 3-4} mm.

In decaying branches and old stumps of trees ; often by beating dead hedges ;
occasionally in flood refuse ; local, but not uncommon in many districts; Croydon,
Richmond, Ripley, Darenth Wood, Abbey Wood, Lee, Bexley, Wimbledon, Highgate,
ie SS TL et iy Be ee

-Mare; ‘0 ri
Lichfield ; Repton ; Ris Ime Park, Lincoln ; ae, near Lincoln ; Halifax; pot

Northumberland and Durham district, rare, Hartlepool, near Axwell Park, and
Ryhope Dene; not recorded from Scotland or Ireland.

16 HETEROMERA. [ Alphitophagus.

ALPHITOPHAGUS, Stephens. (Piyletus, Redtenbacher.)

Three species are mentioned in the Munich catalogue as belonging to
this genus ; they are distinguished from the preceding genera belonging
to the tribe by having the upper surface finely, but plainly, pubescent ;
they are small oval and convex insects, with the last six joints of the
antenne thickened ; the thorax is slightly emarginate at apex ; the legs
are slender, and the first joint of the posterior tarsi is elongate ; 3 one
species only occurs in Europe, and the other two in North America and
Ceylon respectively,

The larva and pupa of A. quadripustulatus are described and figured by Schiddte
(l.c. pp. 555, 586, pl. ix. figs. 17, 25); the larva is very long and linear, twelve
times longer than broad, of a pale ferruginous colour above and pale beneath; the
antenng have the second joint much broader than the penultimate; the head is as
broad as the prothorax, which is nearly as long as the two succeeding segments
together; the anul segment is conical, and terminated by two very minute processes ;
the segments are furnished on each side with long and fine seta ; the legs are short ;
the pupa is comparatively broad without sete, except at sides and on the cephalic
region; the insect in_all its stages is found in meal, fragments of bread, &., and has
probably been imported into our country by commerce.

A. quadripustulatus, Steph. (populi, Redt.; pictus, Mén.). A
small, subovate species, not very convex, moderately shining, very
finely pubescent, of a rufo-ferruginous colour, with the suture of the
elytra and two fascie black, one about middle, and one behind, some-
what variable in extent; head and thorax very finely punctured, the
latter not strongly transverse, slightly emarginate in front, with the
posterior angles right angles ; elytra with distinct punctured strie, inter-
stices finely but distinctly punctured; antenne and legs rufo-testaceous ;
the thorax is sometimes more or less pitchy. L. 25-3 mm.

Tn old flour, &c. ; a cosmopolitan species; not common in Britain, but occasionally
found in some numbers; London; Birdbrook and Maldon, Essex; Cambridge; it

probably occurs, however, i in many other localities, as it has been evidently imported ;

on one or two occasions when it has been found.

TENEBRIONINA.

Ten European genera belong to this tribe, of which one only is found
in Britain, from which, as being the most representative genus of the
group, the whole family derives its name; the body is oblong and
parallel-sided and rather depressed, the head prolonged and scarcely
narrowed behind, and the front dilated at the sides and covering the
base of the mandibles ; the clypeus is truncate or very slightly and
feebly emarginate ; the eyes are free, not reaching the margin of thorax,
and are transverse, emarginate and moderately finely granulated; the
scutellum is transverse and truncate at apex; the elytra are entire, and
the epipleure are narrow ; the anterior coxx are rounded, and the middle
coxie are furnished with a distinct trochantin; the legs are long with

Tenebrionina. | HETEROMERA. 17

the tibie terminated by small but stout spurs, and all the tarsi pubescent
beneath.
TENEBRIO, Linné.

The members of this genus are distinguished from their allies by
having the last joint of the maxillary palpi almost securiform, the
elytra striate, and the anterior tibie curved; the third joint of the
antenne is elongate; there are about twenty species, of which five are
found in Europe, and the remainder in North America, Africa, the
Canary Islands, Ceylon, and the Australian district ; as they are found
in all their stages in meal and flour, their larve being the well-known
meal worms,” they are often transported from one country to another
by commerce. :

The larva and pupa of Tenebrio molitor are described and figured by Schiddte
(Lc. pp. 568, 587, pl. xi. figs. 6,12); the larva is parallel, linear, and corneous, of a
pale ferruginous colour, with the segments at margins, and the head, prothorax, and
two last segments of the body a little darker than the remainder ; the length is ten
times greater than the breadth; the head is rather narrower than the prothorax,
which is twice as long as the mesothorax ; the anal segment is conical, and terminates
in two very minute appendages ; the legs are short; the pupa is much longer than
broad, almost glabrous, with the plates at the sides of the segments tri- or quadri-
dentate ; the cerci are moderate, sharp and slightly curved outwards; the larve
frequent bakehouses, corn mills, granaries, &c., and do much damage by devouring

bran, flour, &c.; as Westwood remarks, they are very destructive to ship- _
biscuits packed in casks, which, when opened, are found eaten through in holes by
them; they form no cocoon, and emerge in the perfect state after being about six
weeks in the pupal condition; they are greedily devoured by birds, and are accord-
ingly bred by bird-fanciers, as they form an excellent food for several of the species
that are difficult to rear.

I. Upper surface shiny ; third joint of antenne shorter . . . T. motitor, L.
Il. Upper surface dull; third joint of antennez longer . . . . T. osscuRus, F.

T. molitor, L. Elongate, parallel-sided, rather depressed, mode-
rately shiny, pitchy black, with the under-side ferruginous; head much
narrower than thorax, closely punctured, antenne inserted under a
raised ridge, rather stout, reaching beyond the middle of thorax ;
thorax almost as long as broad with the sides slightly rounded, very
closely punctured, with an oblique impressed fovea towards the bese on
each side ; scutellum transverse ; elytra more or less distinctly striated,
with the striz obscurely punctured, and the interstices very closely and
finely punctured ; legs ferruginous. L, 12-16 mm.

Male with the anterior tibie strongly curved ; in the female they are
slightly, but distinctly, curved.

In old flour, &e.; generally cistributed and often only too common; it is in all
probability an introduced species,

Immature specimens of this species are often met with ; they are of a
ferruginous or reddish-testaceous colour.

T. obscurus, F. Closely allied to the preceding, which it resembles
in shape, size, and general appearance ; it may, however, be at once re-
VOL. Y. c

18 HETEROMERA. [ Tenebrio.

cognized by its very dull upper surface, and the very close sculpture,
which on the elytra is almost coriaceous; the antenne, moreover,
have the third joint longer than in 7. molitor, double as long as the
fourth, and the striae on the elytra are much more indistinct; in the
male the tibie are moderately curved, but not so strongly as in the last-
mentioned species. L. 12-16 mm.

In old flour, &c.; probably an introduced species; not uncommon in some locali-
ties, but of much rarer occurrence than 7’. molitor; London district, common
(Champion); Whitstable; Dover; Hampshire; Devon; Birmingham; Carlisle;
Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, Forth district, Edinburgh ; Ireland,
Dublin; it occurs most likely in all. our Jarge towns, but I have no record from
Liverpool or Manchester, altbough 7. molitor appears to be general.

ULOMINA.

This tribe is closely allied to the Tenebrionina, but differs in having
the anterior cox subtransverse, the intermediate coxe without tro-
chantin, and the third joint of the antenne short; the head is, as a
rule, received into the thorax as far as the eyes; the front is dilated;
the antenne are 11-jointed, and are more or less thickened ; the epipleure
of the elytra are narrow; the scutellum is usually more or less trian-
gular; the tarsi have the last joint elongated about as long as the first,
and are pubescent beneath ; sixteen genera belonging to the tribe are
fuund in Europe, one of which, Latheticus, is, however, an evident
importation ; of these six occur in Britain; Thomson separates off
the genus Hypophleus, Hellw. (Corticeus, Pill.), as a separate tribe,
Hypophleina, on the ground that the pygidium is exposed and the
scutellum transverse ; in Palorus, however, and some of the other genera
the pygidium is not quite covered.

I. Antenne longer than head.
i, Eyes more or less strongly divided.
1. Thorax strongly transverse; form oval or oblong
oval,convex . . « + « © © « « « « + » «+ ALPHITOBIUS, Steph.
2. Thorax not, or only slightly, transverse ; form elon-
gate-obtong; more or less depressed or subcylin-

rical,
A. Mandibles of male produced into a conspicuous
ROEM | sey0's ose. eovse! tye, (le Paprees. Lepenbegine & ves teres GA THOORE US. 7 an,
B. Mandibles of male not produced intoa horn . . TrRiBotium, MeL.
ii. Eyes entire, or very slightly emarginate.
1, Elytra not truncate at apex, almost completely cover-
ing pygidium . . » » © © «© « # = tie de
2. Elytra truncate at apex, leaving the pygidium
exposed 4 6 + Se 8 0 6 6 ue @ 8 unite. «See POr RU n. ee
(Corticeus, Piller.)
II. Antenne very short, shorter than head . . . . « + Larnericus, Wat.

Patorvs, Duv.

ALPHITOBIUS, Stephens.

The members of this genus are oval or oblong-oval insects, and are

Alphitobius.] HETEROMERA. 19

much broader than any of the species belonging to the following genera ;
the antennz are thickened towards apex; the scutellum is triangular ;
the legs are moderately robust, and the anterior tibie are dilated towards -
apex ; the last joint of the tarsi is strongly elongate ; the genus contains
about twenty species, of which six are found in Europe, and the re-
mainder are widely distributed, representatives occurring in Japan,
India, Ceylon, the Gaboon district, South America, the Sandwich
Islands, &c.

The larva of Alphitobius diaperinus is described and figured by Schidate (l.c. p. 565,
pl. xi. fig. 1); in form it very closely resembles that of 7. molifor, but has the sides
of the segments furnished with sete; the colour is pale ferruginous beneath and fer-

.ruginous above, with the central part of each segment darker, except in middle; the

larva of A. piceus has the upper surface entirely pale ferruginous; the insects in all
their stages live in meal, flour, and bran.

I. Thorax broadest at about base. . . . ...- . A. DIAPERINUS, Panz.
II. Thorax broadest a§ or near middle . .. .. . . A. PicEws, Ol.

A. diaperinus, Panz. (mauritanicus, Steph,, Curt., nec F.). Ovate,
convex, pitchy black above, reddish beneath; head narrower than

‘thorax, distinctly punctured, antenne short, thickened towards apex,

pitchy, with the apex lighter; thorax transverse, broadest at base, with

the sides slightly rounded and gradually narrowed in front, distinctly

and not very closely punctured ; scutellum triangular, closely punctured ;
elytra with distinct punctured striz, interstices diffusely and rather
strongly punctured ; legs ferruginous. L. 5-5} mm.

In flour, &c.; probably an introduced species; not common; London; Queen-
borough, Kent; Scarborough; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, in
bakehouses, Solway and Clyde districts. Mr. Bold says that it appears to find a
congenial climate in some of the deep hot coal mines of the Northumberland district,
where it abounds in the stables, having probably been introduced in some of the |
horses’ food.

A. piceus, Ol. (mauritanicus, F., nec Steph.; fagi, Panz.; Uloma

fagi, Curt.). More oblong than the preceding, and, on the average,
smaller, and easily distinguished by the shape of the thorax, which is
-more transverse with the sides rather strongly rounded and broadest in

the middle ; it is also more thickly and strongly punctured ; the elytra
are depressed on disc, with the strie less evident than in the pre-
ceding species, and the interstices more closely punctured ; legs red.
L. 45-5 mm.

In old flour ; probably an introduced species; rather common ; London district ;

- Dover; Birmingham district; Rhyl; Scarborough; Manchester; Scotland, Solway

district ; it probably occurs in granaries in many otaer localities.

GNATHOCERUS, Thunberg.

The members of this genus are easily distinguished from the allied
genera by having each of the mandibles of the male produced into a
strong horn, which is curved inwards at apex ; the last joint of the

c 2

20 HETEROMERA. [ Gnathocerus.

maxillary palpi is somewhat securiform ; the eyes are almost entirely
divided ; the antenne are short, and gradually thickened towards apex ;
the general form is elongate oblong, and the elytra are much depressed ;
the genus contains three or four species from Europe, the Isle of France,
and North America; they feed on meal and bran.

G. cornutus, F. (Uloma cornuta, Steph.). Oblong, elongate, but
broader than Tribolium, which it much resembles, depressed, of a red-
dish-brown colour; thorax quadrate, gradually and slightly narrowed
behind, with the posterior angles prominent and a small impression on
each side at base, very finely punctured ; elytra with fine punctured
strie, interstices minutely and closely punctured; antenne and legs red.
L. 3-4 mm. pared

Male with the mandibles very large and prominent, recurved and acute
at the tip, resembling horns, margins of clypeus dilated, vertex with two
small short horns. .

In flour, bread, &c.; often seen crawling about bakers’ shops; a cosmopolitan
species ; not uncommon; London; Norwich; Dover; Hastings; Hampshire; Bir-
mingham ; Scarborough; Manchester; Northumberland and Durham district,
common ; not recorded from Scotland, but it probably occurs.

The wv. leviusculus, Steph., is paler, with the thorax less quadrate and
the punctuation more minute.

TRIBOLIUM, McLeay.

This genus contains about half-a-dozen species, one or two of which
are almost cosmopolitan, having been imported into various countries in
meal and flour ; they are small, elongate-oblong, and depressed insects
with the mandibles simple, and the last joint of the maxillary palpi long
oval; the eyes are about half divided; the antenne are more or less
thickened towards apex, and the elytra, as in the preceding genus, com-
pletely cover the abdomen.

The larva and pupa of 7. ferrugineum are described and figured by Schiddte (I.c.
pp. 563, 587, pl. x. figs. 18 and 21); the larva is linear and parallel, slightly nar-
rowed towards apex, of a rufo-ferruginous colour above and paler below; the seg-
ments are furnished on each side with sete, and the anal segment is very small and
terminates in two short pointed appendages; the pupa is much longer than broad,
and is set with rather short setz ; the plates at the side are strongly bifid, and the
cerci are comparatively long and sharply pointed at apex.

I. Antenne with the three last joints distinctly larger, form-

ingaclub.-. . «© # © (0,0) © we elle seis» » De FERRUGINEUM, FF.
II. Antenne gradually narrowed toapex . . . .. . « TT. conrosum, Duo.

T. ferrugineum, F. (castanewm, Herbst.; Stene ferrugineum,
Kirby). Elongate-oblong, parallel, depressed, reddish-yellow-brown or
rufo-ferruginous ; head and thorax thickly and finely punctured, the
former large, but much narrower than thorax, the latter broader than
long, with the sides subparallel; antenne ferruginous, with the three

Tribolium.) HETEROMERA. 21

last joints forming a club, terminal joint paler ; elytra with fine but dis-
tinct punctured strie, interstices narrow, subcarinate, thickly punctured ;
legs ferruginous. L. 3-4 mm.

A cosmopolitan species; occurring in flour, &c.; often found in bakers’ shops ;
occasionally it has been taken under the bark of old trees; common; London;
Sheerness; Dover; St. Peter’s, Kent; Hertford; Norfolk; Hastings; Hampshire;
Birmingham; Burton-on-Trent ; Scarborough ; Mauchester (abundant in cocoons
of Crisula trifenestrata received from India for the Jubilee Exhibition, 1887,
(Chappell) ); Liverpool; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, Forth
district.

T. confusum, Duv. Very closely allied to the preceding, but
rather larger and broader, with the sides of the thorax a little more
rounded in front, and the anterior tibiw less acutely produced on the
outer side ; it may be easily known by having the antenne gradually
thickened to apex, the last five or six joints being wider than the pre-
ceding; the elytra have the punctured strie less evident, and the
minute punctuation of the interstices less regular; legs red. L. 33+
4> mm.

Of similar habits to the preceding, and often occurring with it, but not nearly as
common; London; Hastings; Birmingham; Burton-on-Trent; Manchester; it
probably occurs in many other localities. .

PALORWS, Duval.

This genus has been by many authors included under Hypophlaus
(Corticeus), but in structure and habitat is more closely related to Tri-
bolium ; from the former genus it may be distinguished by having the
apex of the elytra rounded and covering, or almost entirely covering, the
pygidium, and also by the eyes, which are smaller, rounded, and not
kidney-shaped ; the antennz have the five last joints thickened; the
entire eyes will at once separate the genus from Tribolium, in which
genus they are strongly divided ; two species are found in Europe, one
of which occurs in Britain.

The larva and pupa of P. melinus, Herbst. (depressus, F.), are described and figured
by Schiddte (pp. 561, 587, pl. x. figs. 12, 16); the larva is very like that of 7. ferru-
gineum, except that the prothorax is shorter and somewhat transverse, and the apical
segment is longer, with the pointed processes more minute; the colour, too, is paler
ferruginous ; it differs very much from that of Hypophleus .( Corticeus) bicolor, which
is much broader ; the pupa is narrower than that of Tribolium, and is set with longer
een he. rel, foo, ae, shorter 5 fhe, Sneet in all its stages is found in meal,

ran,

P. melinus, Herbst. (depressus, F.). Elongate-oblong, parallel-sided,
depressed, rather shining, rufo-testaceous ; head rather large, closely
punctured ; thorax subquadrate, very gradually and slightly narrowed
behind, distinctly and not very closely punctured ; scutellum transverse;
elytra with fine but distinct rows of punetures, interstices minutely
punctured ; legs reddish-testaceous. L. 23 mm.

22 HETEROMERA. | Palorus.

Under bark of oaks and elms 3 not common; London; Birdbrook, Essex ; Hamp-
shire ; Swansea ; Scarborough; Northumberland and Durham district; it sometimes
occurs in flour, and Bold records it as taken in shops, and apparently introduced.

HYPOPHL@US, Hellwig. (Corticeus, Piller.)

This genus, including Palorus, contains about thirty species ; of these
about half occur in Europe, and the remainder have been described from
Northern Africa and the adjacent islands, North America, Ceylon,
Brazil, &c.; the species belonging to the genus Hypophlaus proper may be
easily known by having the elytra truncate and the pygidium exposed ;
the general form is elongate-oblong or subeylindrical ; the antenne have
the last seven joints thickened, all but the last one being strongly
transverse ; the last joint of the palpi is subovate, and the scutellum is
transverse-and truncate at apex.

The larva of H. bicolor is described and figured by Schiédte (l.c. p. 559, pl. x.
fig. 8) ; it is rather broad, the length being only seven times greater than the breadth,
smooth and shining, with fine and slender sete; it is gradually narrowed from a
little before apex, and the apical segment is small and not furnished with processes ;
the ocelli are two in number on each side, and are rather large and conspicuous ; the
prothorax is a little broader than long, slightly narrowed in front, and very finely
constricted before middle ; the pairs of legs are of about equal length ; its habitat is
: eo trunks of oak, so that it differs very much in this respect from that of

alorus.

I. Form elongate, subeylindrical ; thorax much longer than
_ broad; elytra moderately strongly punctured in distinct

rows, unicolorous castaneous . . . .« . . + «+ + « H. CAsTANEUS, F’.
II. Form elongate-oblong, somewhat depressed; thorax

only slightly longer than broad; elytra finely and more

or less confusedly punctured, black, with the base broadly

TOG: .. whcd.ccevng: stephen sepued mugen: orlieetcd lee haere EE bie STOO, 200.

H. castaneus, F. (cimeteriu:, Herbst.). Elongate, subcylindrical,
shining, chestnut-brown, with the thorax often darker, almost black ;
head thickly punctured ; antenne pitchy or ferruginous with the apex
usually lighter ; thorax subrectangular, considerably longer than broad,
distinctly and rather closely punctured ; elytra. with fine punctured
strie, interstices minutely punctured ; legs red. L. 4-55 mm.

Male with the anterior tibia furnished with a large hooked spur;
female with the anterior tibie slightly produced into a tooth at apex
externally.

Under bark of beech and elm; very local and not common; New Forest; Ply-

mouth ; Sherwood Forest, where it has occurred insome numbers to Mr. Matthews,
Mr. Blatch, Dr. Power, and others; Dunham Park, Manchester.

H. bicolor, Ol. A small but brightly coloured and conspicuous
species ; elongate-oblong, moderately convex, shining, of a testaceous red
colour above, with the elytra except basal third black ; -under-side
castaneous red, with the apex pitchy black; head subtriangular, finely
punctured ; thorax subquadrate, closely and finely punctured ; elytra

Hypophleus.} HETEROMERA. 23

closely and unevenly punctured in front with traces of fine striz, the
punctuation becoming obsolete behind; antenne and legs red or
ferruginous red. L. 3-3} mm.

Under bark of elms; very local; London district, rather common, Camberwell,
Kennington, Forest Hill, Lee, Chatham, Sydenham, Charlton, Wimbledon, Horsell,
Epping Forest, Brockley, &c.; Norfolk; near Manchester, Dukinfield, under pine
bark (Chappell).

LATHETICUS, Waicrhouse.

This genus, which has comparatively recently been described by Mr.
Waterhouse, appears to be an evident importation, and ought not perhaps
to be considered indigenous; for the same reason, however, several of
the other genera, whose members live on meal and flour, might with
reason be excluded ; the single species known may at once be dis-
tinguished by its very short antenne, which are partially concealed hy
the clypeus which is almost as long as the rest of the head; the eyes
are only slightly emarginate ; the thorax is subquadrate, and ‘the elytra
are parallel-sided and depressed, and completely cover the abdomen ; the
first joint of the posterior tarsi, if viewed sideways, is evidently longer
than the second, but if viewed from above appears almost equal to it.

L. oryze, Wat. A small testaceous or rufo-testaceous species,
elongate-oblong, very linear and parallel, slightly shining ; head large,
finely punctured, together with eyes as broad as thorax, antenne stout
and extremely short, not or scarcely as long as head ; thorax subquadrate,
closely and finely punctured ; elytra with fine rows of punctures,
interstices minutely sculptured, very finely rugose, at least in parts; legs
slender, clear reddish-testaceous. L, 2} mm.

A itan occu in rice, flour, &c.; it has occurred in the n
iplektod ce" londins o> oni been taken by Mr. Marsh at Lee, Kent by
sweeping ; it ought perhaps to be excluded from the British list, but a considerable
number of others might be excluded on the same grounds.

HELOPINA.

This tribe is represented by a large number of tropical genera ;
eighteen are assigned to it in the European catalogue of Heyden, Reitter,

‘and Weise, but several of these are considered by most authors as

merely divisions of the large genus Helops ; the members of the tribe
may be distinguished superficially by having the front separated from
the clypeus by a distinct coriaceous band; they are large or moderate-
sized oval or oblong-oval insects, with the eyes transverse, the front
more or less dilated before eyes, and the antenne gradually thickened
towards apex ; the epipleure of the elytra are narrow or moderate ; the
anterior coxe are rounded, the middle cox are furnished with a distinct
trochantin, and the posterior coxe are not widely separated ; the tibial

' Spurs are short or very short, and the tarsi are pubescent beneath, the

|
24 HETEROMERA. [ Helopina.
anterior and intermediate pairs in the male being usually dilated ; the
legs, as a whole, are rather long, and the femora extend considerably
beyond the sides of the body.

HELOPS, Fabricius.

In this genus the antenne are long and rather slender, and the
maxillary palpi have the last joint dilated and securiform ; the third
joint of the antennz is four or five times longer than the second, and

the penultimate joints are always longer than broad ; the eyes are trans- .

verse and slightly emarginate ; the thorax is transverse or subtransverse,
almost truncate in front and behind, more or less strongly margined ;
the tibiz are rather slender, but are gradually widened to apex, and
have the apical spurs small or very small ; the genus is allied to Tenebrio,
but differs in its short metasternum, long antenna, less elongate and
more oval elytra, and other characters; it is very extensive in point of
numbers, containing upwards of two hundred and fifty or three hundred
species, of which about one hundred and twenty (if we include the sub-
genera) are found in Europe, and the remainder are widely distributed
in Northern and Central Asia and Ceylon, Northern Africa and the
Gaboon district, Cuba, the Australian region, &c.; only a few species,
however, appear to have been met with in tropical countries.

The larva of H. ceruleus is described and figured by Schiddte (l.c. p. 571, pl. xi.

fig. 15), and also by Westwood (Classification, i. p, 812, fig. 36, 20); it is
found in the rotten wood of chestnut and other trees, and is elongate, linear and
cylindrical, about ten times as long as broad, of a yellow colour with dark tuber-
cles on the last abdominal segment; the prothorax is longer than broad, narrowed
in front, and constricted before middle; the penultimate s«gment is rugose and the
terminal one short, and armed with two divergent erect and acute spines ;* the front
pair of legs is longer than the intermediate and posterior pairs; Westwood records
the fact of these larve doing damage to a window frame in which they had taken
up their abode,
I. Last joint of antenne obliquely truncate; front con-

siderably dilated before eyes; thorax strongly margined,

with sides much rounded in front (Helops,i.sp.) . . . H.ca@rvuievs, LZ.
II. Last joint of antennz rounded; front slightly dila

before eyes; thorax narrowly margined at sides, with

sides not or not strongly rounded in front (s.g. Nalas-

sus, Muls.).

i. Colour pitchy brown ; thorax not sinuate before base . H.sTRiaTUSs, Foure.
ii. Colour testaceous; thorax slightly sinuate before base . H. PALLIDUS, Curt.

H. coeruleus, L. A large and conspicuous species, broad and
convex, nigro-cceruleus above, black beneath, moderately shining; head
rugosely punctured, antenne moderately long and robust; thorax sub-
quadrate in the male, evidently broader than long in the female, with
coarse raised margins, and with the sides rounded in front and rather
strongly narrowed behind, punctuation thick and strong, in parts sub-

* This larva appears, if touched, to strike upwards or sideways with these spines ;
they seem therefore to be, in part at least, weapons of defence.

Helops.] HETEROMERA. 25

rugose ; scutellum small, transverse ; elytra obtusely acuminate at apex,
with comparatively fine but rather deep punctured striz, interstices
rather strongly and closely punctured ; legs black, elongate. L. 15-20
mm.

The male is narrower and smaller than the female, and has the
‘thorax proportionately longer.

In decaying willows, &c.; occasionally on palings; very local; London district,
not uncommon, Camberwell, Darenth, Greenwich, Putney, Barnes, Chiswick,
Hammersmith (formerly common on old trees at night, S. Stevens), Lambeth,
Belvedere, Southend, Gravesend, Sheerness, Epping Forest ; Clacton-on-Sea; Ald-
aries Sag Suffolk ; Shipley, near Horsham; Hastings; Dover; Portsea; Bristol ;

wansea.

H. pallidus, Curtis (testaceus, Kiist.; Nalassus pallidus, Muls.).
Ovate, convex, pale testaceous, rather shining; head subtriangular, thickly
punctured ; antennz long, often darker towards apex ; thorax transverse,
with sides slightly rounded and narrowed in front and very gradually
and slightly narrowed behind, posterior angles somewhat projecting,
punctuation close and fine but distinct; scutellum triangular; elytra
with eight fine rather irregularly punctured striz on each, suture ferru-
ginous, interstices minutely punctured ; legs testaceous, with the apex
of femora and the claws ferruginous. L. 8-10 mm.

Sandy places on the coast; at roots of grass, often at some depth beneath the
surface of the ground; very local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Deal;
Clacton-on-Sea; Harwich; Southend; Hastings; Ryde; Swansea; Tenby ;
Barmouth (where it was first discovered by Mr. H. Walker and his brother) ;
Wallasey, near Liverpool.

H. striatus, Foure. (caraboides, Panz.; Nalassus striatus, Muls.).
Oblong-oval, convex, shining, pitchy brown or pitchy black above,
with a more or less distinct bronze reflection, under-side red brown ;
head subtriangular, thickly punctured, antenne rather long; thorax
broader than long, but not strongly transverse, with the sides gently
rounded in some specimens, subparallel, thickly and rather finely, but
distinctly, punctured, posterior angles obtuse ; elytra with fine but dis-
tinct punctured striz, interstices rather strongly and somewhat con-
fluently punctured ; antenne and legs pitchy red, tarsi usually lighter.
L. 6-10 mm.

Male smaller, narrower, and more oblong than female, with the
anterior and intermediate tarsi dilated and pilose beneath.

Under loose bark ; in rotten wood, moss, &c. ; often about the roots of trees; on
sugar at night placed on trees to attract moths; common and generally distributed
from the midland districts southwards ; rarer further north ; not recorded from the
Manchester or Liverpool districts ; Northumberland and Durham district, “‘ Gibside,’’
Mr. John Hancock ; Scotland, rare, on trees, Solway and Forth districts; Ireland,
near Dublin and Carlingford, co. Louth.

‘LAGRIIDZ.
According to the Munich catalogue this family contains fourteen

ie mi My

26 HETEROMERA. [ Lagriide.

genera and one hundred and thirty species; over one hundred of these
are comprised in the two genera Lagria and Statira, the latter of which
appears to be confined to the New World; two genera only, Lagria and
Agnathus, are found in Europe, and the latter of these has been added
since the publication of Gemminger and Von Harold’s catalogue ; of
the thirteen European species one only is found in Britain ; in many
points they resemble the Tenebrionids, but differ in having the anterior
cox conical and prominent; the antenne are 11-jointed, filiform, in-
serted under very small oblique frontal ridges ; the thorax is narrower
than the elytra, more or less cylindrical; the elytra are rounded at
apex and entirely cover abdomen ; the abdomen has five free ven

segments, of which the first four are more closely connected, a sixth
being sometimes visible; the legs are slender, and the penultimate joint
of all the tarsi is dilated and bilobed, and clothed beneath with a thick

brush of hairs, which gives it a spongy appearance ; the body is pilose.

LAGRIA, Fabricius.

This genus contains about seventy species, which are widely dis-
tributed throughout the Old World from Siberia to the Cape of Good
Hope ; the majority, however, occur in hot or tropical countries; the
genus is not, apparently, represented in the New World, where its place
is taken by Statira ; about a dozen species are found in Europe; the
single British species is in many districts exceedingly abundant.

The larva and pupa of Lagria hirta are described and figured by Schiddte (xi.
pp- 526, 581, pl. xiv. 12, 21); the larva is moderately broad, the length being about five
times as great as the width, parallel-sided, with a very small short head, and the last
abdominal segment small, conical and finely bifid at apex; the segments on each side
are furnished with tufts of hairs; the prothorax, which is gradually and slightly nar-
rowed in front, is the longest segment, and the second and third abdominal segments
are the shortest; the colour is rather light, with a central longitudinal fuscous band
on each segment, which is often divided in the centre by a light band, and with a
fuscous patch on each side; on the last two segments the central patch does not reach
apex ; the legs are comparatively long.

The pupa is moderately long, and is chiefly remarkable for the long broad clavate
processes which project one on each side from all the abdominal segments except the
two last ; the whole surface is hairy.

L. hirta, L. Black, shining, villose, with the elytra pale testaceous,
of soft and flexible consistency ; head, together with eyes, broader than
thorax in male, about as broad in female, sparingly punctured ; thorax
subquadrate, small, much narrower than elytra, with a broad central
longitudinal impression, sparingly punctured, often almost smooth in
middle ; elytra rather closely, distinctly and subrugosely punctured, with
faint traces of raised lines. L. 7-9 mm. ’

Male narrower, with the last joint of the antenne three times as long
as the preceding, and the eyes larger, projecting beyond sides of
thorax.

Lagria.] HETEROMERA. 27

Female broader, with the last joint of the antenne twice as long as
the preceding, and the eyes smaller, not or scarcely projecting beyond
sides of thorax.

In hedges ; on flowers, &c. ; by beating and sweeping ; rather local, but sometimes
in profusion, ‘generally distributed ehreesghcont the London and Southern districts, and
not uncommon in the Midlands; rarer further north ; Scotland very local, hitherto
found only in the Moray district, but it probably occurs in several others; Ireland,
Queenstown, Killarney, Waterford, Portmarnock, &c.

CISTELIDE (Alleculide).

This family, which has been by some authors included under the
Tenebrionidz, contains several genera, of which Allecula, Cistela, and
Omophlus are the most important, but it is not of large extent; the
species are widely distributed, but appear to be mostly attached to ‘tem-
perate and moderately warm climates; eight genera occur in Europe,

_ containing about one hundred species, of which five genera, represented

however by only seven species, are found in Britain; they differ from
the Tenebrionide and Lagriide in having the tarsal claws pectinate, and
from all the following families in the fact that the anterior coxal cavities
are closed behind; the antennz are usually long, filiform or more or less
serrate, and are inserted behind the base of the mandibles; the maxil-
lary palpi are 4-jointed, rather long and often much dilated at apex;
the eyes are kidney-shaped ; the coxx are somewhat variable, but the
posterior pair are usually contiguous, and the anterior pair subglobose ;
the epimera of the mesosternum reach the coxe ; the legs are usually
long, the tibiz being more slender than the femora: and furnished with
distinct spurs; the posterior tarsi have the first joint elongate, and the
penultimate often bilobed.

_ Our British genera may be distinguished as follows :—-

I. Abdomen composed of five ventral segments ; mandibles

ae Sa antenne inserted just behind base of man-
ibles
i. Penultimate joint of tarsi not furnished with a mem-
branous plate beneath.
1. Anterior tarsi considerably shorter than the tibiz;
antennz comparatively short and stout. . . - Mycetocuares, Latr.
2. Anterior tarsi as long or nearly as long as the tibiz ; $
antenne long and slender. . . .-. . - . « Cisrena, FP.
ii. Penultimate joint of tarsi furnished with a membranous
- plate beneath . . Eryx, Steph.
Il. Abdomen composed of six ventral segments 3 anicklon
acute at tip; antenne inserted at a little distance behind

base of mandibles. -
i. Thorax not pilose, with posterior angles right angles ;
antennz long and slender in both sexes. - Creniorvus, Sol.
. Thorax pilose, with posterior angles blunt or ‘younded ;
PT gatesnnee comparatively short and stout in female: . . QmopHtuvs, Sol.

The nomenelature of the family is somewhat in a state of confusion,

28 HETEROMERA, [Cistelide.

as the new school for the revival of obsolete names have applied the
name Cistelide to what we commonly know as the Byrrhide, and the
name Cistela to the genus Byrrhus, or rather to the small genus Cytilus ;
it is, however, best to keep to the ola names, unless we drop the term
Cistelidz altogether, and call the family Alleculide.

CISTELA, Fabricius. (Pseudocistela, Crotch.)

There is some doubt as to the true composition of this genus, and
several authors divide it into three or four separate genera, while others
also include under it the genus Eryx ; the latter genus appears to be quite
distinct, and I feel rather inclined to separate Zsomira; as, however,
C. ceramboides appears to be in some respects more closely allied to this
sub-genus than to the C. rujipes group, and would also require to be
divided off, I have thought it better to follow Heyden, Reitter and
Weise, and others in keeping them together; the genus as here con-
stituted is characterized by having the antenne long and slender, filiform
or serrate, with the last joint linear and elongate, and also by the short
prosternum, the evidently margined thorax, which is often almost semi-
circular, and the more or less strongly securiform last joint of the
maxillary palpi ; the upper surface is in some cases glabrous, or almost
glabrous, and shining, and in others evidently and closely pubescent.

The genus contains more than seventy species, which are very widely dis-
tributed ; twenty-eight occur in Europe, and representatives have been
described from North America, Ceylon, Madagascar, the Australian
region, &c.; very few, however, are found within the tropics.

The larva of C. ceramboides is described and figured by Westwood (Classif. i.
p. 810, fig. 36, 7) ; it is long, subcylindric and scaly, and resembles some of the larvze
of the Elateride ; the antenna are very short, 3-jointed, with a minute tubercle or
retractile fourth joint at apex; the head is reddish, the mouth black, the first
segment pale buff, and the remaining segments, except the last, dull greenish, with
the posterior margin red; the last segment is of a buffish colour, conical, and without

cerci or projections at apex ; the larva from which the above description was drawn
up was found by Mr. Griesbach in a pollard oak on Wimbledon Common.

The three British species may be distinguished as follows :—

I, Antenne filiform, with the third joint not or not much
shorter than fourth.
i. Upper surface almost glabrous, shining; anterior tarsi
with the first three joints slightly dilated (s.g. Gonodera,
Mala. jiisciis ¥.ayS* oie, apts. 51) Se pe Sei ae ees RORRRUS, Beeches,

(fulvipes, F.)
ii. Upper surface finely and thickly pubescent, rather dull;
anterior tarsi simple (s.g. Isomira, Muls.) = - C. murina, L.
II. Antenne strongly serrate, with the third joint very short,
fourth joint four times as long as third ; upper surface finely
pubescent; anterior tarsi simple (s.g. Pseudocistela,
Crotch); ogereeiite? «<> 6 © fee ine eeeaet A ORRAMBOIDES, 2s,

C. luperus, Herbst. (fulvipes, F.; s.g. Gonodera, Muls.). Oblong-

Cistela. } HETEROMERA. 29

oval, very shining, black, sometimes with an neous tinge ; head closely
punctured, antenne long, pitchy or ferruginons with base lighter;
thorax transverse, with sides rounded in front, distinctly and not very
closely punctured, especially on disc, posterior angles obtuse, almost
right angles; elytra strongly punctate-striate with the interstices
sparingly punctured ; legs red, long and slender. L. 7-9 mm.

Male with the antenne slightly serrate, the fourth joint one and a
half times as long as the third, and the anterior tarsi rather plainly
dilated.

Female with the antennz filiform, the fourth joint only a little longer
than the third, and the anterior tarsi slightly dilated.

The v. ferruginea, F., has the elytra and often more or less of thorax
castaneous or ferruginous ; if occurs with the type.

On young hazel, oak, &c.; often on flowers and by sweeping amongst grass; local,
bnt not uncommon in some districts; Darenth and Birch Woods, Mickleham,
Croydon, Bexley, Riddlesdown, Abbey Wood, Gnildford; Norfolk; Hertford ;
Wrabness, Essex ; Dover; Hastings; Portsdown Hill, near Portsea; Coopers Hill,
Gloucester; Llangollen; Matlock, Lovers’ Walk. I know of no record further north
than the last-mentioned locality, where 1 have taken it sparingly. :

Cc. ceramboides, L. (s.g. Pseudocistela, Crotch). Oblong-oval, -
black with the elytra testaceous, not very shining, clothed with very
fine and delicate silky pubescence; head finely and closely punctured,
eyes variable in the sexes ; thorax rather broader than long, subconical,
strongly and gradually narrowed in front, very finely and closely punc-
tured, sinuate on each side at base, posterior angles almost right angles;
elytra finely punctate-striate, interstices flat, very finely and closely
punciured or alutaceous; legs long and slender. L. 9-11 mm.

Male with the antennez longer than in the female and more acutely
serrated, with the third joint one and a half times as long as the second;
eyes strongly prominent.

Female with the antenne shorter and less acutely serrated, with the
third joint twice as long as second ; eyes moderately prominent.

On oaks ; occasionally on Umbelliferous flowers ; the larva and sometimes the per-
fect insect is found in old decaying branches still remaining on the trees; rare ;
Camberwell, Chobham, Lee, Darenth Wood, Sydenham, Belvedere, Dulwich; Hert-
ford; Leominster; Cambridge ; Glanvilles Wootton, Dorset ; Sherwood Forest
(Matthews and Sidebotham).

Cc. murina, L. (sericea, Drap.; s.g. Isomira, Muls.). Oblong-ovate,
subparallel, not very convex, rather dull, clothed with fine thick ashy
pubescence, black or brownish-testaceous, or with the elytra testaceous
and the thorax dark, margins of the latter sometimes ferruginous ; head
closely punctured, antennz long, red, with the apex of the joints often
dusky ; thorax broader than long, with the sides regularly rounded and
narrowed in front, very closely and finely punctured, posterior angles
slightly acute ; elytra with indistinct stride, interstices very closely
sculptured ; legs long, clear reddish-testaceous. L. 53-7 mm.

30 HETEROMERA. [ Cistela.

Male with the antenne longer and the last joint linear; last ventral
segment of abdomen broadly subtruncate at apex.

‘Female with the antenne shorter and the last joint oblong ; last ventral
segment of abdomen rounded at apex.

On flowers, &c.; local, but common in many districts and generally distributed
throughout England, although it appears to be more universal in the London and

Southern districts, and rarer in the north; Scotland, local, maritime, Dee district.
L have no record from Ireland, but it almost certainly occurs.

ERYX, Stephens. (Prionychus, Solier.)

This genus contains a few species, four of which are found in Europe;
they may be known by having the penultimate joint of the tarsi furnished
with a membranous lobe beneath; the antenne are filiform, and have
the third joint a little longer than the fourth ; the thorax is semicircular,
margined at base and sides, and with the posterior angles not produced;
the larva is found in the vegetable mould of decayed oak trees, and very
much resembles that of Cistela ceramboides ; it is of a yellowish-white
colour with the head ochreous and corneous (v. Westw. Class. i. p. 310).

E. ater, F. (3 melanarius, Germ.). Oblong-oval, broad, rather
convex, black, moderately shining , clothed with very short black pubes-
cence ; head thickly and distinetly punctured, antennz moderately long
and robust; thorax transverse, almost semicircular, gradually rounded
from base and strongly narrowed in front, distinctly and not very closely
punctured, with the posterior angles somewhat obtuse ; elytra with rather
fine punctured striz, interstices distinctly and not very closely punc-
tured; legs moderately long, pitchy or pitchy ferruginous, with the tarsi
lighter ; the male is a little narrower than the female, and has the an-
terior tarsi very slightly dilated. L. 10-13 mm.

{n decaying willow, ash, &c.; nocturnal in its habits, being found on the trunks of
willows, &c., at night; very local and, as a rule, rare; Coombe Wood, Forest Hill,
Walthamstow, Stockwell (Surrey), Chatham, Putney, Hammersmith (old apple
trees, formerly, S. Stevens); Windsor; Norwich; Cambridge; Leominster (Mrs.
Hutchinson) ; Sherwood Forest (Sidebotham),

MYCETOCHARES, Laireille.
( Mycetophila, Gyllenhal; Ernocharis, Thomson.)

This genus contains about twenty species, which are almost entirely
confined to Europe and North America; of the ten European species
one only occurs in Britain; the short and stout antenne and_ short
tarsi will easily distinguish the genus from Cistela, which it resembles
in having the penultimate joint of the tarsi not lobed beneath ; the
antennex have the third joint a little longer than the fourth; the anterior
coxe are contiguous at apex, and the last joint of the maxillary pa is
slightly securiform. :

a a

Mycetochares. | HETEROMERA, 31

The larve of Mycetochares much resemble those of Eryx; that of M. bipustulata
has been found in rotten oak; it is furnished with two anal prolegs, but does not
appear to present any marked peculiarity.

M. bipustulata, Ill. ( ¢ scapularis, Gyll.). Oblong, subparallel,
clothed with rather long black pubescence, black, shining, with a bright
yellow or reddish-yellow spot at each shoulder, variable in size ; head
deeply and rather diffusely punctured, antenne comparatively short and
stout, pitchy with the base red; thorax transverse, with the sides gently
rounded, very slightly contracted towards base, broadest about or a
little before middle, posterior angles obtuse, punctuation diffuse, deep
- and rather strong, base with an impression on each side; elytra with
punctured striz, interstices sparingly punctured ; femora black or pitehy,
tibiz and tarsi clear red. L. 43-53 mm.

Male more elongate than female, with the thorax less transverse, and
less rounded at sides, and with the eyes larger and more prominent.

Under bark and in rotten wood of oak, cherry, &c.; rare; Esher, Peckham, Forest
Hill, Coombe Wood, Ripley, Darenth Wood, Lee; Cambridge; Dover ; New Forest ;
Swansea ; Dunham Park, Manchester (Chappell).

CTENIOPUS, Solier.

This genus contains about a dozen species, seven of which occur in
Europe, and the remainder in Siberia and Central Asia, and North
America ; they may be known from the preceding genera belonging to
the family by having the abdomen composed of six ventral segments
and the antennz inserted at some distance behind the base of the man-
dibles ; the third joint of the antenne, which are long and slender, is
about as long as or a little longer than the fourth; the mandibles are
acute at the tip, and the last joint of the maxillary palpi is scarcely
securiform ; the thorax has the sides almost straight and gradually
narrowed to the posterior angles which are nearly right angles; the
tarsi, especially the intermediate and posterior pairs, are long and have
the penultimate joint simple, and the anterior cox are narrowly distant
at apex ; our single species is very conspicuous by reason of its brilliant
sulphur-yellow colour, which fades very much after death.

_ ©. sulphureus, L. (J v. bicolor, F.). Oblong-oval, pale sulphureous

yellow, dull; head finely punctured, eyes prominent, antenne long,
pitchy towards apex ; thorax varying in the sexes, very closely and
finely punctured, posterior angles obtuse, almost right angles; elytra
with obsolete striw, interstices very closely sculptured ; legs long, tarsi
often more or less pitchy. L. 6-8 mm.

Male more slender and narrower, with the thorax about as long as
broad, slightly impressed on each side at base, and with the sixth ventral
segment of abdomen deeply impressed, and emarginate at apex.

Female broader and more robust, with the thorax transverse, deeply

32 HETEROMERA. [Cteniopus.

impressed on each side, and with the sides a little dilated before middle ;
the sixth ventral segment of abdomen is simple.

The male is very variable in colour, and the varieties are classed by
Thomson as follows:—

a. Head, antenne, palpi and anal segment black.

b. As the preceding, but with the thorax also black.

ec. Fusco-sulphureous, with the legs bright sulphur-yellow, and the head, thorax,

antenne and palpi black.

Tn some specimens the tarsi and almost the whole of the antennz are

black.

A coast species; occurring on flowers, rushes, &c. ; local, but common where it
occurs; Deal; Dover; Folkestone; Hastings; Isle of Wight; Weymouth; Chesil
Beach ; Land’s End; Lundy Island ; Burnham, Somerset ; Swansea ; Tenby; Brandon,
Suffolk; Hunstanton, Norfolk; Mr. Chappell records it from Kendal.

OMOPHLUS, Solier.

This is a rather large genus, containing upwards of sixty or seventy
species, which appear to be confined to Europe, Northern and Central
Asia, and the circum- Mediterranean districts; of the thirty-two European
species only one occurs in Britain ; it may be known from Céeniopus by
the more transverse thorax, which is pilose and has the posterior angles
obtuse or rounded, and the shorter and stouter antenne.,

O. armeriez, Curt. (amerine, auct.; pubescens, Muls.). Oblong,
elongate, depressed, shining black with the elytra testaceous-brown ;
head and thorax clothed with long hairs, the former rather coarsely
punctured, the latter transverse, closely and finely punctured, uneven on
disc, with the sides slightly rounded ; antenne black, pitchy towards
base ; elytra broader than thorax, clothed with very short pubescence,
with shallow and more or less obsolete striae, interstices very closely and
distinctly punctured ; legs rather long, black, apex of tibie, and the
tarsi, ferrnginous. L. 7-8 mm.

Male smaller and narrower than female, with the antenne considerably
longer.

On Armeria maritima ; extremely local ; I know of no locality except Weymouth,
where it has been taken in some numbers on and near the Chesil Beach by Mr. Dale,
Mr. Harris, Mr. Blatch and others.

MELANDRYIDZ.

This family, according to the Munich catalogue, contains thirty-six
genera and one hundred and twenty species ; several have since been
added, and, at present, twenty-two genera and fifty-six species have
been found in Europe ; the remainder are widely distributed, but only
a comparatively small number occur in tropical countries. The following
are the chief characteristics of the family:—Head not constricted behind,

Melandryide.) HETEROMERA, : 33

received into the thorax as far as the eyes, which are either entire or
emarginate ; mandibles short ; maxilla with two flattened lobes, palpi
4-jointed, often long and more or less dilated; antewre 11-jointed
(except in Conopalpus, in which genus they are 10-jointed), usually
filiform ; thorax (in our species) as broad behind as base of elytra;
mesosternum moderately long, side pieces attaining the coxal cavities;
elytra covering abdomen, which is composed of five free ventral seg-

_ ments; legs usually long and slender ; the species are variable in size

and colour, and are found under bark, in rotten wood, or in fungi.

The family has by some authors been divided into several tribes ;
only two, however, are here adopted, as far as the British fauna is con-
cerned ; these may be distinguished as; follows:—

I. Antennz with the last four joints forming a very abrupt, strong

Mint AeeCRONNR oe vals a. le Wi shiG «00's 6. 56». « .eTRATOMINA.
Ii. Antenne as a rule filiform or very gradually thickened, in one
or two cases forming a rather strong but not abrupt club . . . MELANDRYINA.

TETRATOMINA.

Th‘s tribe contains only one genus, which may be known by the
strong ‘4-jointed club of the antennw; the palpi are short and not
much dilated ; the tibial spurs are small and the coxe not contiguous ;
the species are small, or rather small, oval and convex insects, and live
in fungi. Thomson classes them with the Mycetophagide, to which
they bear a somewhat close relation.

TETRATOMA, Fabricius.

Seven species are contained in this genus, one of which is found in
Kamtschatka, two occur in North America, and four in Europe; of
these three are inhabitants of Britain, and may be distinguished as
follows: —

I. Therax red; elytra black, with a bluish or greenish

RS hoa stlet wa wes. 5 oy so es. S WORGOnUM, PF.
Il. Upper surface entirely black, often witha slight greenish

MMMM ce ig lan (amen were old) one se les + 3. DEsmaREST, Late.
ILI. Upper surface reddish or yellowish brown or testaceous,

with more or less distinct black murkings on elytra;

REG eNer ct le Gee he a ee ne ee ee T. ancora, F.

T. fungorum, F. Oblong, subparallel, convex, shining, head
black, thorax red, elytra deep biue,-under-side reddish-testaceous ; head
subtriangular, rather coarsely punctured, with an impression on vertex,
antennz red with the club black; thorax very transverse, with the sides
rounded and narrowed in front, coarsely and not very closely punctured ;
seutellum dark, almost pentagonal; elytra about as broad at base as
thorax, coarsely and rather closely punctured ; legs clear red. L. 33-
45 mm. ‘

VoL. V. D

34. ; HETEROMERA. [Tetratoma.

On fungoid growth on decaying trees, under bark, in rotten wood, &c. ; local and,
asa rule, not common; Putney, Richmond, Wimbledon, Coombe Wood, Erith (bred
freely from a fungus, S. Stevens), Loughton, Cowfold, Sheerness ; Hastings; New
Forest ; Llangollen ; Cannock Chase; Repton; Sherwood Forest; Raincliff Wood,
near Scarborough ; Northumberland and Durham district, Twizell and Hetton Hall
near Belford ; Scotland, rare, Tweed district.

T. Desmaresti, Latr. Oblong, subparallel, black, with a greenish
reflection, shining, clothed with fine yellowish pubescence; head dis-
tinctly punctured, antenne entirely red, or fuscous with the base red ;
thorax transverse, with the sides rounded and narrowed in front and
contracted a little before base, posterior angles obtuse, distinctly and
rather strongly and coarsely punctured; elytra with the punctuation
somewhat stronger and closer than that of thorax ; legs clear yellowish-
red, L. 33-4 mm.

In rotten wood of oak, willow, &c., impregnated with fungoid growth; rare;
Beckenham, Kent (Power); Coombe Wood, Surrey (Gorham); Shirley; New

Forest ; Sherwood Forest (Matthews and Blatch); Raincliff Wood, near Scarborough
(Lawson); Dunham Park, Manchester (Chappell).

T. ancora, F. Oblong, subparallel, moderately convex, shining,
almost glabrous ; head subtriangular, rather closely punctured, testaceous;
antenne testaceous, with the club fuscous ; thorax transverse, with sides
rounded, not much narrower in front than behind, rather strongly and
not very closely punctured, testaceous, with the dise often reddish ;
scutellum transverse; elytra testaceous with variable black patches at
apex, base and sides, or black with testaceous patches, rather coarsely
and not closely punctured; under-side black or brownish-black; legs
clear yellowish-red with the femora sometimes darker. L. 23-3} mm.

In fungi on old stumps of fir, in rotten wood of beech, &c.; occasionally by sweep-
ing and in moss; rare; Esher (Champion); Chatham (Walker) ; Darenth (Water-
house) ; Highgate Wood; Loughton, Essex; Markfield, Leicestershire (Power) ;
Raincliff Wood, Scarborough (Lawson); Agecroft, near Manchester (Chappell) ;
Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, scarce, but widely distributed ;
about Scotch fir; Solway, Tweed, Forth, Clyde, Tay, Dee, and Morer: districts.

MELANDRYINA.

This tribe, if we include the genus Clinocara, Thoms., which certainly
seems distinct, contains twenty-one European genera, of which twelve
are found in Britain; another genus, Serropalpus, has been included by
some authors, but not, apparently, on sufficient authority to render it
entitled at present to be considered indigenous ; the characters before
given for the family will serve to distinguish the tribe, as it contains all
the European genera except Tetratoma, which, as above stated, may be
known by the very abrupt and strong 4-jointed club of the antenne ;
the British genera may be distinguished as follows :—

J. Tars«l claws simple.
i, Anterior coxze separated by the prosternum.

Melandryina.) HETEROMERA.

1. Spars of posterior tibiz very large.

A. Antenne short ak stay with rather strong,
bat gradual, fusiform club; maxillary palpi ser-
rate, with the last joint very large, strongly seeuri-
orm * * *

Sheek ints aetdcnlic thicbomed ys maxillary. post

joints gradually thi
not serrate, with the last joint moderately large
a ees af tastcis Gio ooell wel. & } Se ye wes Syed
ii. Anterior cox contiguous.
1. Antenne 10-jointed. . . 2. - » «© © we w
2. Antenne 11-jointed.

A. Posterior coxz distant ; frontal suture distinct ;
anterior trochantins distinct; head inclined, but
not vertical. . .’ »

B. Posterior coxze contiguous ; ‘frontal suture not

distinct ; head inflexed, often vertical.
a. Prosternum very short and excavated before
~ anterior coxe.
a*, Antenne with the third joint not twice as
long as second; penultimate joint of tarsi
entire or almost entire.
at. Mesosternum short between intermediate
cox, which are contiguous at apex; third

coxze, which are not contiguous at apex;
third joint of antenne larger, at least as
long as fourth joint, and usually longer. .

b*. Antenne with the third joint twice as long

as second ; penultimate joint of tarsi bilobed
b. Prosternum long or comparatively long before
anterior coxz.

a*. Mesosternum short between intermediate
coxz, which are contiguous at apex; antennz
with the third joint a little longer than fourth ;
elytra without strie. . .

b*. Mesosternum as long as intermediate doses;
which are not contiguous at apex; antennze
with the third joint equal to or shorter than

fourth.
at. Maxillary palpi with the fourth joint very
broad, much broader than the second and
third joints; elytra with more or less dis-
i hee with the fourth
- bt. M t
seareely broader than otapiadt re
joints; elytra without distinct strie. . .
II. Tarsal claws split or toothed ; mesosternum short be-
tween intermediate coxe, which are contiguous at mats
male with the posterior femora usually thickened .

‘ORCHESTA, Latreille.

OrcHesr4, Lair.

CrrvocaRA, Thoms.
Hattoments, Panz.

Conopatrts, Gyll.

Metanpeys, F,

. AwNtsoxya, Mule.

AspEra, Steph.

PHLeortryA, Steph.

Xyurta, Payk.

ZrtorA, Muls.
Hypwutvs, Payk.

Ospuya, Jil.

This genus,.taken in its wide sense as including Clinocara, contains
about twenty-five species, which are found in Europe, North America,

p 2

36 HETEROMERA, [Orchesto,

Brazil, Chili, &c.; in its narrow sense it only includes two or three of
the European species, which may be known by having the eyes very
large and almost meeting behind on vertex, the rather stout club of the
antenne, the strongly enlarged securiform last joint of the maxiilary
palpi, and the more distinct spurs of the anterior tibiz.

The larva and pupa of O. micans are described and figured by Schiddte (xi. pp. 582,
587, tub. xviii. 15, 26) and Westwood (Classification, i. p. 308, fig. 35, 23, 25); the
larva is almost linear, sbout six times as long as broad, with ‘only the head, dorsal
segments of thorax and the legs corneous; the general colour is whitish, with the head
pale yellow, the frontal margin and mandibles being ferruginous; the head is rather
large, but much narrower than the prothorax, and the antenne are very minute; the
last segment is narrower than the preceding, without margins, almo-t semicircular,
and quite simple at apex; the pupa is remarkable for having the prothoracic shield
dilated on each side, and covering the head, and furnished with strong ‘ styli motorii,”
each terminated by a fine seta, and also for the size of the rudimentary elytra, whic h

entirely cover the hind legs; the apex is terminated by a bunch of rather sharp

more or less curved protuberances,

As remarked by Professor Westwood, the insect, in its early stages,
differs considerably from the typical Melandryide, and approaches
Mordella, which latter genus it resembles in its shape and the curious
skipping shrimp-like motiuns of the imago; in otlier points, however,
it presents closer affinities with the Melandryide, although it may
perhaps be reyarded as a genus somewhat intermediate.

©. micans, Panz. (picea, Herbst.). Elongate, not very shining,
thickly clothed with short shining silky yellowish pubescence, fuscous
or pitchy brown, gradually lighter towards apex, under-side pitchy or
reddish-brown ; head small, eyes very large approximate on vertex, an-
tenne short, with the last joints forming a fusiform club ; thorax almost
semicixoulas, sinuate and slightly impressed on each side at base, very
closely and finely punctured; elytra at base as broad as thorax, very
gradually narrowed behind, obtusely rounded at apex, raised at suture,
with very fine and close, somewhat asperate, sculpture ; legs ferruginous
or brownish-yellow, first joint of posterior tarsi about as long as all the
following. L. 3-4 mm.

Male with the anterior tarsi dilated, and the elub of the antenne
larger.

In fungoid growth on old trees; local and, as a rule, not common ; Darenth Wood ;
Westerham, Kent, bred from a hard fungus on beech (?) in abundance, Gorham ;
Cowley ; Chingford ; Cobham; Dover; New Forest; Swansea; Llangollen ; Bar-
mouth ; Cambridge; Repton ; Northumberland and Bikhin district, ‘ bred trein a

fungus '(Polyporus radiatus) growing on alder near Wooler,” J. Hardy ; 3 Scotland,
Tay district, Aviemore.

Small light-coloured varieties occasionally occur; the species is some-
what variable both in size and colour. In Dr. Power’s collection there
is one of these varieties taken in some numbers by Turner in agarics at
Windsor ; I thought it might possibly be a different species, but Herr
Reitter considers it to be merely a variety.

|
|

Clinocara.] HETEROMERA. 37

. CLINOCARA, Thomson.

_ This genus contains about half-a-dozen European species, of which two
occur in Britain ; they may be known from Orchesia by having the eyes
distant behind, the antennze more slender, the maxillary palpi not
serrate, with the last jot somewhat ovate and only slightly securiform ;
the anterior tibie have indistinct spurs; in general appearance and
habits they much resemble Orchesia, with which they have usually been
included.
I. Elytra pitchy-black or brown, w'thout yellow bands,

unicolorous or obscurely lighter towards base and apex ;
~ antennz less evidently thickened towards apex . . . . C. TETRATOMA, Thoms.
Il. Elytra dark with waved yellow bands; antennz more '

evidently thickened towards apex . . . . - + « - C. UNDULATA, Kr.

Cc. tetratoma, Thoms. (minor, Walk.; sepicola, Ros.; micans,
var. b., Zett.). Smaller and darker than Orchesia micans, which it very
closely resembles, and from which it may at once be known by the longer
and much more slender antenne, of which the last four joints are
‘slightly thickened, and by the much stronger impressions on each side of
the base of the thorax ; pubescence short, very thick, and fine; punc-
tuation extremely close and fine, subrugose or asperate ; elytra some-
times lighter at shoulders and towards base ; head small, deflexed, eyes
not approximate on vertex ; thorax as broad as elytra, transverse, much
narrowed in front ; elytra gradually narrowed towards apex ; legs pitchy-
red or brownish, first joint of posterior tarsi at least as long as all the
following; under-side pitchy. L. 24-3 mm.

In fungoid growth on old trees ; occasionally by sweeping ; very local and, as a rule,
rare; Caterham (Champion) ; Birdbrook, Essex (Power) ; Glanvilles Wootton (one
specimen, Wollaston); New Forest; Bewdley (Blatch); Gumley, Market Harborough
atthews, in some numbers); Repton, near Burton-on-Trent (W. Garneys); Sprid-
iugton, near Lincoln (Wollaston); Scarborough and Pickering, Yo:kshire Lawson) ;
Northumberland and Durham district, near Gilsland, Swalwell, aud at Morpeth; also

- at Rothley (Power); Scotland, rare, on flowers of mountain ash, Clyde, Tay, Dee,

and Moray districts, Lanark, Braemar, Aviemore, &c.

I believe the synonymy above given to be the correct one, but I have
not actually seen a specimen of Thomson’s ©. tetratoma; Orchesia
‘minor does not appear in the last European catalogue.

Cc. undulata, Kr. (fasciata, Thoms., nee Payk.). Elongate, rather
depressed on disc, somewhat .acumiuate behind, thickly clothed with
silky yellowish pubescence ; head red, very finely punctured, antenna
red, or pitchy with base and apex red, with the last four or five joints
thickened, less slender than in C. tetratoma, but longer and much. less
thickened than in O. micans; thorax red in front, testaceous with more
or less obseure dark markings b-hind, sometimes almost entirely tes-
taceous, very finely and somewhat rugosely punctured, with the sides
strongly rounded and narrowed in front, and with a plain impression on

38 HETEROMERA. [Clinocara.

each side at base; elytra testaceous with the apex and irregular, bands

and markings black, sculptured as thorax ; legs yellow or ferruginous, -

with the femora often darker; the sculpture of this and the preceding
species almost presents the appearance of very minute scales, L. 33-4
mim.

Male with the first four joints of the anterior tarsi dilated, and the
spurs of the anterior tibiz more distinct than in female.

Under bark, in fungoid growths, and in rotten wood of decaying beeches, &e. ; it
has also been found on the flowers of the white-thorn; very local and, as a rule, rare ;
Chatham (taken by Mr. Champion and Mr. J. J. Walker in plenty) ; Cobham Park ;
Tonbridge; New Forest; Sherwood Forest (Blatch); Scarborough (Lawson); the
species is very active in its movements, and in consequence is rather difficult to cap-
ture; the only specimen I have ever seen alive (under bark in the New Forest) was
gone immediately before I could secure it.

HALLOMENUS, Panzer.

This genus contains eight or nine species, of which three are found in
Europe, four in North America, and one in Sierra Leone; our single
British species much resembles Orchesia in general appearance, but may
be at once known by the small spurs of the posterior tibie; the third
joint of the antenne, which are filiform, is very large, being longer than
the first joint ; the last joint of the maxillary palpi is somewhat securi-
form ; the thorax is deeply impressed with a fovea on each side at
base ; the elytra are elongate with traces of striz, and the legs are slender
and rather elongate.

H. humeralis, Panz. (binotatus, Quens.; bipunctatus, Payk.).
Elongate, depressed on disc, narrowed behind, clothed with fine and
silky fuscous-yellowish pubescence, and with extremely close and fine
subrugose punctuation, as in Clinocara ; head brown or reddish-brown,
antenne moderately long, filiform, with the two basal joints narrower
than the succeeding, colour brownish with the base clear yellow; thorax
reddish-testaceous with two longitudinal dark bands, or spots, not reach-
ing base or apex, sides strongly narrowed in front, base slightly sinuate
on each side and furnished above each sinuation with a short longi-
tudinal impression, posterior angles right angles ; elytra as broad at base
as base of thorax, brown or fusco-testaceous with a pale reddish spot at
each shoulder ; under-side reddish-testaceous, with the breast darker ;
legs pale yellowish-red, first joint of posterior tarsi at least as long as all
the others taken together. L. 4-5 mm.

In fungoid growth on old trees, in rotten willow, &c.; has been taken on palings ;
rare; Forest Hill; Lee; Charlton (old fence, 8. Stevens, and twenty specimens taken
hy Lewis and Pow er, Sept. 3, 1860) ; Northumberland and Durham district, rare,
Long Benton ; Scotland, rare, in Trametes pint, &c., Tay and Dee districts.

CONOPALPUWS, Gyllenhal.

This genus may be at once known by its 10-jointed antenne, which
are elongate and filiform with the second joint small and the third about

Conopalpus.} HETEROMERA. 39

as long as the fourth ; the head is rather strongly but not suddenly and
sharply constricted behind the eyes; the maxillary palpi have the last
joint rather long and cultriform, and the last joint of the labial palpi is
lunate ; the lateral margin of the thorax is broad and somewhat ele-
vated ; the legs are long and slender, with the penultimate joint of the
tarsi strongly bilobed.

The Jarva and pupa of C. testaceus are described and figured by Schiédte (xi.

. 573, 587, t. xvii. figs. 16, 24); the larva is somewbat cylindrical, almost parallel,

t eight times as long as broad, membranous, with the head, legs, and apex of the

last segment of abdomen corneous ; the general colour is whitish with the head yellow
and the frontal margin narrowly pale ferruginous; the segments are separated by deep
incisions, and by the membranes called by Schiddte the ‘‘ preterga” and “ oa
and bear three slightly raised warty setose prominences on each side ; the last segment
of the abdomen is rather long, conical and produced into a truncate point, but there
are no cerci; the pupa isnot strongly narrowed behind, and bears moderately long
“ styli motorii” which are furnished at apex with a long slender seta; the apex is
terminated by two curved cerci ; the larva mines dead boughs of oak.

Two species only appear to belong to this genus, of which one is
found in Britain.

C. testaceus, Ol. (9 flavicollis, Gyll.; Vigorsi, Steph., nee Muls.).
Elongate, moderately convex, but depressed on disc, rather shining,
testaceous, clothed with thin pale pubescence; head testaceous or dark
with the front testaceons, distinctly punctured, eyes black, prominent,
antenne long, 10-jointed, black with the three first joints yellowish-
red ; thorax transverse, strongly narrowed in front, broadest behind
middle and thence nafrowed to base, rather closely and distinctly
punctured ; elytra subparallel, a little widened behind, obtusely rounded
at apex, rather coarsely and in part almost subrugosely punctured ; legs
long and slender, clear yellowish-red. L. 5-73 mm.

V. Vigorsi, Steph. Black with the thorax, mouth, palpi, labrum
and legs reddish-testaceous; antenne as in the type form.

_ Im dead boughs of trees, rotten wood, &c.; rare; Forest Hill, Shooter’s Hill,

Coombe Wood, Ripley, Cobham, Richmond Park, Wimbledon ; Hertford; Windsor ;
Lewes; Glanvilles Wootton; New Forest; Bretby Park and Wood, near Repton,
Burton-on-Trent ; Sherwood Forest ; Dunham Park, Manchester; the variety is very
rare, and has occurred in Sherwood Forest and in Cumberland.

The second European species, C. brevicollis, Kr. (Vigorst, Muls., nec
Steph.), has not occurred in Britain, the dark variety of C. testaceus
with red thorax having been mistaken for it; I am indebted to Herr
Reitter for authentic specimens of the species, which is less than half the
size of C, testaceus (being about the size and shape of Luperus flavipes),
with longer antenne, of which the second and third joints are very short
and equal in length, whereas in C. testuceus the third joint is rather
long and about three times as long as the second ; the elytra are shining
blue or bluish-black and the under-side is black, the thorax, base of
antenne and legs being clear reddish-testaceous.

40 HETEROMERA, [Serropalpus.

(SERROPALPUWS, Hellenius.)

This genus contains four species, two of which are found in Chili,
and the other two, which appear now to be classed together, in Europe ;
S. barbatus (striatus) also oceurs in North America, where it has been
described as S. obsoletus, Hald. The following are the chief characteristies
of the genus :—Head vertical, eyes large, coarsely granulate, labrum small,
mandibles short and stout ; antennz long, not shorter than half the body,
11-jointed, with the second joint the smallest ; maxillary palpi serrate,
large, with the fourth joint lunate; thorax narrower at apex than at
base, with the posterior angles aente and the sides not margined in
front ; scutellum truneate at apex ; prosternum short before anterior coxe;
mesosternum as long as intermediate cox ; elytra with more or less
distinct striz ; posterior legs long, with the tarsi longer than the
tibie.

S. barbatus, Schall. (striatus, Hellen.). Elongate, parallel-sided,
convex, dull, thickly clothed with pale pubescence, entirely brown with
the antenne and legs testaceous; thorax narrowed in front, very closely
punctured ; scutellum truncate at apex ; elytra long, with more or less
distinct striz, interstices rugosely punctured. LL, 12-16 mm.

Under bark of spruce fir; found in Norway and Sweden, France, Prussia, Austria,
and Bavaria, and perhaps a native of Britain; only two specimens have, however, been
hitherto recorded, one taken in a warehouse in Leicester by Mr. I. Plant (v. Ent.
Ann. 1872, 76), and another recorded by Mr. Blundell of Luton in 1882 (Entomologist,
xv. 286), as probably taken near Newmarket. Mr. Blundell kindly wrote to me
with regard to the latter capture ; the insect may possibly have been indigenous, but
in all probability was an imported specimen, as it is hardly possible that so con-
spicuous a species would have escaped observation, if it had established itself in the
middle of England, and no further specimens have occurred.

MELANDRYA, F.

This, the typical species of the family, contains about seven species,
which are confined to’ Europe, Northern Asia, and North America ; three
are found in Europe, of which two occur in Britain, one of these being
extremely rare; they are large or moderately large dark-coloured insects,
with the thorax narrowed in front and margined behind at sides ; the
antenne are rather short but slender; the elytra are long, subparallel,
distinctly striated; the legs are somewhat elongate, but moderately
stout, and the anterior trochantin is conspicuous; the mesosternum is
much shorter than the intermediate cox, and the penultimate tarsal
joint is slightly bilobed ; the upper surface is very finely pubescent and
shining.

The larva and pupa of WM. caraboides are described and figured by Schiddte
(xi. pp. 565, 586, t. xvii. 1 and 15); the larva is cylindrical, about six times longer

than broad, membranous, with the head and legs alone corneons, whitish with the
head and legs yellowish; the head is very large, and the prothorax cordate and

Melandrya.] HETEROMERA. 41

broader than any of the other segments; the segments are incised at the joints, but
are very narrowly seperated by membrane; the seventh and eighth abdominal
segments sre smooth on disc, and the last segment is very short, without cerci; the
pupa resembles in shape that of Conopalpus, but has the “ styli motorii” smaller and
not terminated by sete; the larva is found in dead oaks, beeches, alders, &., in
which it forms galleries.
I. Thorax without central furrow ; elytra with strim reach-

ing from baseto apex . .. . .- + + . + +. - . M.caBasorpss, L.
II. Thorax with distinct central furrow ; elytra smooth at

base, but with deep strie behind. . . . . . + - - M. pusta, Schall.

(canaliculata, F.)

™. caraboides, L. Black, elytra often with a bluish or greenish
reflection, shining, clothed with short and fine black pubescence, palpi,
apex of anteune, anterior tarsi entirely or at apex, and last two joints of
the other tarsi, reddish-yellow ; head rather finely punctured, antenne
comparatively short ; thorax alittle broader than long, strongly narrowed
in front, broadest a little before base, moderately strongly punctured,
with a strong basal impression on each side; elytra depressed, a little
broader at base than thorax, often bluish or greenish, with somewhat
obsolete striw, interstices convex, punctuation very close, subrugose ; legs
long. L. 10-14 mm.

In old willow stumps, &c.; local, but rather common in some districts; London
district, somewhat common, Norwood, Darenth Wood, Lee, Charlton, Dulwich,
Sevenoaks, Belvedere, Tonbridge; The Holt, Farnham; Hastings; Dover; Holm
Bush, Brighton ; New Forest; Portsea; Glanvilles Wootton ; Swansea ; Llangollen;
Knowle, near Birmingham ; Repton ; Norbury, Cheshire ; Danham Park and Agecroft,
ma Manchester; Northumberland and Durham district ; Irelaud, Malahide near

in.

™. dubia, Schall. (canaliculata, F.). Smaller on the average than
the preceding, and more parallel-sided ; it may be known by the fact
that the thorax has a deep central furrow, and that each elytron has
four strong longitudinal strie or sulci which are obliterated at base, the
interstices being convex and raised; colour black, with a bluish refiec-

- tion, pubescence short, black, punctuation fine on head and thorax, fine

and subrugose ou elytra ; antenne# and legs black, with the apex of the
former and more or less of the tarsi testaceous or brownish-red. L. 10—
12 mm.

Under bark of decaying oaks, &e.; one of the rarest of the British beetles; I only
know of three specimens; one of these was taken by Mr. Bentley, as recorded by
Curtis, flying near Brockenhurst in the New Forest in 1823; one was met with by
Turner in the New Forest durivg the first season he collected, and is now in Mr. S.
Stevens’ collection; and the third was sent with some beetles to Mr. Harris of
Burton-on-Trent from the same locality, with a few common things, by Mr. G»lliver
of Brockenhurst, in the autumn of 1877; the species, therefore, is evidently still to
be found in its old locality.

ANISOZYA, Mulcant.

Two Eurepean species and one from North America belong to this

42 HETEROMERA, [Anisoxya.

genus, which may be known by the very short mesosternum and the
very small third joint of the antenne ; the prosternum is very short
before the anterior coxe; the maxillary palpi have the last joint securi-
form ; the thorax is not transverse and has the sides rather sharply,
although narrowly, margined as far as the anterior angles; the inter.
mediate tibiw are stout and armed at apex with strong spurs, and the
posterior are terminated by small, but distinct, spurs; our single species
is very rare, and much resembles in general appearance a small Orchesia
or Clinocara.

A. fuscula, Ill. (tenuis, Rosenh.). A small and inconspicuous
species, resembling in shape a small Clinocara,; elongate, convex, Lut
slightly depressed on disc, scarcely shining, very finely and subrugosely
punctured, clothed with silky yellowish-grey pubescence, colour fuscous-
brown or castancous with the front of the head and the anterior margin
of thorax testaceous ; antenne reaching to about base of thorax, sub-
moniliform and not or scarcely thickened, fuscous with base testaceous;
thorax about as long as broad, with sides rounded and narrowed in front;
elytra as broad at base as base of thorax, subparallel for two-thirds of
their length, and thence gradually narrowed to apex ; legs slender, yellow.
L. 2-23 mm.

In dead twigs, &c. ; rare; Darenth Wood, Forest Hill, Putney, Lee, Horsell
(Champion, Power and others); Warwick; New Forest and Barmouth (W. G.

latch).
ABDERA, Stephens.

This genus contains six species, all of which are found in Europe ; two
of these, A. afinis and A. fleruosa, were separated off under the genus
Carida by Mulsant, who is still followed by Thomson and other authors ;
the latter genus, however, hardly seems to be really distinct; the
members of the genus Abdera are small, elongate insects with more or
less distinct yellow bands on the elytra ; the mesosternum is as long as
the intermediate coxe, and the prosternum is very short before the
anterior cox; the thorax is variable in length, but usually produced
and rather strongly rounded in front; the last joint of the maxillary
palpi is slightly securiform ; the legs are slender and moderately long,
and the penultimate joint of the tarsi is almost, or quite, entire.

The larva and pupa of A. flexuosa are described and figured by Schiddte (xi.
pp. 578, 587, t. xviii. 6 and 14); the larva is parallel with the segments, except the
hinder ones, a little incised at their joints, of a membranous consistency, except the
head and legs, which alone are corneous; the colour is whitish with the head and
legs pale yellow and the frontal margin ferruginous ; the head, which is moderately
large, prothorax and eighth and last segments of abdomen are smooth on the surface ;
the last segment is small, almost semicircular, and quite simple at apex ; the pro-
thorax is rather large and narrowed in front with all the angles rounded; the sides
of the segments are furnished with setose warty prominences ; the pupa is remarkable
for having very small “styli motorii” on the pronotum only ; on the rest of the
body they are absent ; the apex of the abdominal region,is terminated by four curved
prominences; the larva lives in boleti.

Abdera.| HETEROMERA. 43

The four British species may be distinguished as follows :—

I. Thorax with the sides margined almost to apex ;
prevailing colour darker. (Addera, i. sp.)
i. Thorax about as long as broad; upper surface
finely sculptured.
1. Thorax dark in middle, with the basal and
apical margins more or less broadly yellow. . A. QUADRIFASCIATA, Steph.
2. Thorax entirely dark, with the apex sometimes
obscurely lighter 0. «236 © + 8
ii. Thorax transverse ; upper surface rather strongly
mepeaured? Git. leveniy al oc. «Al stteurrara, Gyll.
II. Thorax with the sides not margined in front ; pre-
vailing colour lighter (Carida, Muls.). . . .

A. BrrasciaTA, Marsh.

A. FLExuosA, Payk.

A. quadrifasciata, Steph. Elongate, parallel-sided, moderately
convex, very closely finely and subrugosely punctured, clothed with
silky yellowish pubescence ; head varying from brown to reddish-tes-
taceous, labrum yellow, antenne rather long and slender, reaching at all
events to base of thorax, dark, with base and apex yellow ; thorax about
as long as broad, with the disc dark, and the anterior and posterior
margins more or less broadly testaceous ; scutellum transverse ; elytra
black with two common waved reddish-yellow bands, under-side reddish
or brown ; legs red or yellowish-red. L. 2}-3} mm.

In decaying hornbeam, also in the short half-rotten stumps left on various trees
where boughs have been broken off; occasionally by sweeping ; rare; Coombe Wood
(Rye) ; Cobham Park (Champion); Tonbridge (Horner) ; Headley Lane, Esher, on
fence (Gorham) ; New Forest; Shropshire; Dunham Park, Manchester (Chappell).

A. bifasciata, Marsh. (bijleruosa, Curt.). Closely allied to the
preceding, but less convex, and easily distinguished by its colour, which
is pitchy black or black, with the base of the antenne yellowish, and
the elytra with two fascie which are narrower and more waved than in
A. quadrifasciata ; the upper surface is shining and clothed with yel-
lowish pubescence ; punctuation very close and fine, subrugose; legs
ferruginous, tarsi lighter at apex. L. 2}-34 mm.

- Female longer than the male, with the thorax broader in propor-
tion.

In dead boughs of oak and ash trees; sometimes by beating and sweeping; rare ;
Esher, Wimbledon, Ripley, Forest Hill, Shirley, Ashtead, Cobham, Darenth, Birch
Wood, Highgate, Southgate, Wimbledon (Champion, Power and others); New Forest
(beaten by myself from a high hedge near Brockenburst, in July 1877, from which I
ovtained Apion sorbi, Conopalpus testaceus, &c.; also taken by Mr. Blatch) ; Glan-
villes Wootton; I also have speciméns sent me by Dr. Chapman in a box containing
beetles taken chiefly, if not entirely, in Herefordshire and Monmouthshire.

A. triguttata, Gyll. A delicate little species which may at once
be distinguished from the two preceding by its transverse thorax, which
is somewhat constricted in front, and the much stronger sculpture of the
upper surface, which is distinct and rugose, and stronger on the elytra
than on the thorax; the pubescence is fine and silky ; the general colour

44 HETERUMERA. [Abdera,

is brownish-black or brownish, but varies, and is sometimes testaceous
brown ; a patch near apex and a common band before middle are
obscurely testaceous and lighter than the rest of the elytra, but are often
more or less obsolete; legs brownish or reddish-testaceous with the
femora darker. L. 2-22 mm.

Under bark of decayed trees; rare; it has hitherto only been found in S:otland
. the Dee and Moray districts; Mr. Champion has taken it in some numbers at

viemore,

A. flexuosa, Payk. Elongate, less parallel than. the preceding
species, dull, very finely and subrugosely punctured, clothed with fine
silky pubescence, of a bright reddish-yellow colour with a broader or
narrower band across disc of thorax, and twocommon waved bands across
elytra (of which the front one is the narrower) black; head black,
antenne rather long and moderately stout, dark, with base and apex
yellow; thorax slightly transverse, narrowed in front, with a slight
central channel and a small fovea on each side at base; elytra about as
broad at base as base of thorax, with sides slightly rounded; legs yellow,
or reddish-yellow. L. 3-34 mm.

In boleti, especially on alders and sometimes willows ; very local and, asa rule,
rare; Cambridge and Peterborough (Stephens); Hampshire (Moncrieff); Scar-
borough (Lawson) ; Teesdale (Blatch); Northumberland and Durham district, ‘* In
Polyporus radiatus growing on alder, near Wooler,” Mr. ‘I. Hardy ; Scotland, in
P. radiatus on alder, rare, Solway, Tay,and Moray districts; it occasionally occurs in
numbers when found.

PHL@OTRYA, Stephens. (Dircea, F., sec. auct.)

Three species are contained in this genus, two of which occur in
Europe,* and one has been desc:ibed from Brazil; our single British
species is a long and rather a large insect, although it varies considerably
in size; the maxillary palpi are somewhat serrate, with the last joint
elongate-securiform ; the antenne are filiform, with the third joint quite
twice as long as the second, which is short ; the prosternum is very short
before the anterior cox; the thorax is longer than broad, with the
front produced and rounded, and the elytra are elongate; the inter-
mediate cox are not contiguous ; the legs are slender with small, but
distinct, tibial spurs, and the penultimate joint of the tarsi is bilobed.

The larva of P. rufipes is described by Westwood (Classification, i. p. 307); it is
whitish, elongate, and scaly, convex and thickest at the middle and tail; the head is
semiglobose, with short 3-jointed antenne ; anterior legs large, posterior pairs much
smaller ; last segment furnished with two sharp horny appendages, curved upwards ;
this ae bores into the solid wood of old oak, in which the percect insect is also
found, :

P. rufipes, Gyll. (Stephensi, Duv.; tenuis, Hampe; Direea

* The second European species, P. Vaudvoueri, Muls., appears to be considered by
some duthors as synonymous with P. rusipes.

Phieotrya.} _ HETEROMERA. 45

rufipes, Thoms.). Elongate, convex, subcylindrical, very variable in
size, slightly shining, clothed with fine silky pubescence, colour nigr:-
fuscous, or brownish, in somewhat immature examples more or less
castaneous; head sunk in thorax as far as eyes, very closely sculptured,
antennz moderately long, reddish-testaceous, with the apical joints or
centre often darker ; thorax longer than broad, very closely and rugosely
punctured, with a slight impression on each side at base; scutellum
transverse ; elytra long, subparallel, gradually narrowed towards apex,
closely and rugosely punctured, but with the sculpture less close than
that of thorax, so that the surface is more shining ; at each shoulder
there is a longitudinal fove:, and on the disc there are more or less dis-
tinct traces of raised lines; legs long, yellow or reddish-yellow, first
joint of the posterior tarsi at least as long as allthe others taken
together. L. 8-13 mm.

In decaying oak, &c.; very local and, as a rule, rare; Brasted, near Sevenoaks,
Kent ; Leatherhead, Surrey; Dulwich; Windsor Forest; Tunbridge Wells; New
Forest ; Sherwood Forest ; Dunham Park, Manchester.

I have retained the name of Phleotrya for our British species, but
the genus cannot well be separated from Dircwa, F.; the species known
as D. levigata is really a Xylita, and may be known from Dircea (Phleo-
trya) by having the intermediate coxe contiguous ; there is, however,
great confusion as to the synonymy of the genera, and this has been
increased by the fact that several of the European Melandryide occur in
North America, and have been renamed and redescribed by American
authors.

SVLITA, Paykull. (Direra, Gyll., Redt., nec F.)

According to the Munich catalogue, this genus contains four species,
three of which are found in Europe, and one in Chili; they are moderate-
sized insects, with the second joint of the antennz small, and the third
a little longer than the fourth ; the maxillary palpi have the last joint
securiform ; the mesosternum is short. between the intermediate coxe,
which are contiguous; the thorax is almost as long as broad ; the elytra
are not striated ; the tibial spurs are small but distinct, and the penul-
timate joint of the tarsi is bilobed; the single British species is very
scarce.

%. levigata, Hel. (discolor, F.; buprestoides, Payk.). Elongate,
moderately convex, somewhat depressed on disc, rather thickly clothed
with thick silky pubescence, usually brown or brownish-black, with the
base of the antennz, and the tarsi, testaceous, and the elytra lighter than
the thorax; the thorax, however, is often fuscous or blackish, and the
elytra fusco-testaceous; upper surface moderately shiny, with very
close rugose punctuation; antenne moderatcly long, gradually and
slightly thickened towards apex ; thorax about as long as broad at base,
strongly narrowed towards apex in almost a straight line, widest about a

46 HETEROMERA, [ Xylita.

third from base, and thence rather strongly contracted to base, the sides
forming an angle; scutellum transverse ; elytra as broad at base as
thorax, subparallel, gradually and slightly narrowed at apex; legs
variable in colour. L. 6-9 mm.

Under bark and in old trees; rare; found only in Scotland, Highlands, Tay,
Dee and Moray districts, Aviemore, Rannoch, &e,

ZILORA, Mulsant,

This genus contains three species, one from North America, and two
which are found in Europe; the single British species is confined to
Scotland, and was added to our list by Dr. Sharp and Dr. Buchanan
White in 1871; it is closely allied to XYylta, from which it differs in
its coarser punctuation, striated elytra, and also in the fact that the third
joint of the antenne is shorter than the fourth ; the intermediate coxa,
moreover, are not contiguous ; the thorax has the sides acutely margined,
strongly narrowed in front, and is deeply impressed on each side at
base ; the last joint of the maxillary palpi is very broad and securiform;
the tibial spurs are small but distinct, and the tarsi are rather shorter
than the tibie.

Z. ferruginea, Payk. (sericea, Sturm; obscura, F.). Elongate,
subparallel, moderately convex, clothed with rather coarse greyish or
greyish-yellow pubescence ; colour reddish-brown, or reddish-castaneous,
with the shoulders and part of head and thorax sometimes a little
lighter ; head subtriangular, uneven, rather coarsely sculptured, antenne
rather robust, ferruginous; thorax about as long as broad at base,
strongly narrowed in front, broadest behind middle and thence a little
narrowed to base, with traces of a central furrow, and with a strong im-
pression on each side at base, rather strongly punctured, the punctuation
being rather sparing on dise ; elytra a little broader at base than thorax,
subparallel, with more or less distinct strie, coarsely and somewhat
rugosely punctured; legs ferruginous or reddish-testaceous. L. 6-7
mm.

In Polyporus abietinus on dead Scotch fir; also under bark of the same tree ;
extremely local; Scotland, Dee and Moray districts; it was first discovered in Britain
by Dr. Sharp and Dr. Buchanan White at Braemar, in June, 1871,

HYPULUS, Paykull.

Three species are contained in this genus, of which two occur in Europe
and one in North America; they are rather small insects, with the elytra
banded with yellow; the antennze are comparatively short and robust
with the second joint short and the third equal to, or shorter than, the
fourth ; the thorax is about as long as broad, with sides unmargined ;
the mesosternum is as long as the intermediate coxe ; the elytra are not
striated; the legs are rather long and the penultimate joint of the tarsi

Hypulus.) HETEROMERA. 47

is bilobed ; the maxillary palpi have the last joint ovate or almost ovate,
slightly cultriform, and scarcely broader than the second and third
joints.

The larva of H. bifasciatus (which has not occurred in Britain) is described and
figured by Schiédte (xi. 569, t. xvii‘. 1) ; it is about six times longer than broad, and
is gradually narrowed from the prothorax which is very large to the apex; the
apical segment of the abdomen is simple; the head and legs alone are corneous, these
parts being yellow and the rest of the body whitish; the frontal margin is also nar-
rowl i ; the antennz, as in most of the allied larvz, are very minute;
this mines dead hazel and ash, and probably differs but little from of our
species, which is attached to the oak.

#. quercinus, Quens. Elongate, moderately convex, clothed with
silky and rather shining yellowish pubescence, head and thorax black or
pitchy, elytra yellow-testaceous, with the scutellary region, a patch on
each side before middle, a waved band behind middle, and the apex
black ; these markings are somewhat variable; under-side brown or
yellowish ; head finely punctured, antenne rather stout, red; thorax
about as long as broad, very closely punctured, but less finely than
head, with sides rounded in front and sinuate before the posterior angles
which are sharp and rather projecting ; scutellum transverse; elytra a
little broader at base than thorax, gradually narrowed behind, more
coarsely punctured than thorax, rather shining; legs reddish-testaceous,
first joint of posterior tarsi about as long as the rest taken together.
L. 4-6 mm.

Male with the anterior femora clothed with white pubescence beneath,
the anterior tarsi dilated, and the elytra more parallel and the antenne
longer than in female.

Female without pubescence on the anterior femora, and with the
anterior tarsi scarcely dilated, and the elytra a little dilated in middle.

In decaying oak, &c.; occasionally by sweeping; rare; Darenth and Coombe
Woods, Godstone (Surrey) and Wood Ditton, (Stephens) ; Darenth (Waterhouse) ;
Plumstead Wood, one specimen by sweeping (S. Stevens); Rusper, near Maidstone

(one specimen ‘‘in wet stuff,” Gorham); Leigh Woods, Bristol (in stump, E.
Wheeler).

OSPHYA, Illiger. (WVothus, Olivier.)

The members of this genus may be easily known from all the other
genera belonging to the family by the split or appendiculate tarsal claws
and the very strongly thickened and curved posterior femora of the
male ; the head is inflexed and the eyes rather large and plainly emar-
ginate ; the last joint of the maxillary palpi is strongly securiform, and
of the labial palpi almost eyathiform ; the thorax is transverse with all
the angles rounded ; the elytra are rather long and depressed, and the |
body is soft and finely pubescent above; the female closely resembles
certain species of Telephorus in general appearance ; the genus contains
five species, four of which are found in Europe and one in North
America. ;

48 HETEROMERA, [ Osphya.

0. bipunctata, F. (preusta, Ol.; 3g clavipes, 01.). Elongate, de-
pressed, clothed with close greyish pubescence; male greyish-black
with the front of head, borders of the thorax .and a longitudinal line on
the latter of varying width, and sometimes absent, yellowish-red ; the
elytra are also sometimes narrowly yellowish-red at, margins ; female
with the thorax red, with the margins yellowish, and with two spots of
varying size, rarely absent, on disc ; elytra brownish-red, sometimes with
the apex, and rarely with the external margins, black ; head finely
punctured, antenne long and slender, dark with the base yellow; thorax
almost transverse-oval, all the angles being rounded, closely and finely
punctured ; scutellum triangular; elytra at base a little broader than
thorax, subparallel, and more coarsely punctured than thorax ; legs red-
dish-testaceous, with the apex of the femora, and more or less of the
tibie, and the tarsi, black. L, 5-10 mm,

Male with the posterior femora more or less strongly thickened or
simple ; female with the posterior femora always simple ; the colour of
the sexes is variable in some instances.

On the flowers of the white-thorn ; rare; Monks Wood, Cambridge, where most of
the British specimens have been taken; Windsor; Weston-on-the-G-reen, Oxon, May
1830 (Matthews) ; Scarborough (G. A. Wright) ; according to Curtis they stick so
fast to the bushes that they are detached with great difficulty, and this may partly be
the reason of their being so seldom seen.

PYTHIDZ.

This is a small family, containing about a dozen genera and fifty or
sixty species; the genus Mycterus is included under the Pythide by
some authors, and by others under the Melandryide or (Edemeride ; if
we include it under the Pythide, the family is represented in Europe
by six genera and twenty-five species, of which four genera and ten
species occur in Britain ; the majority of the species appear to occur in
Europe and North America; a few, however, are found in Chili, New
Guinea, Tasmania, &c. The following are the chief characteristics of the
family :—Head prominent, free, eyes entire, maxilla with flattened
ciliate lobes, maxillary palpi moderate ; antenne 11-jointed, filiform or
slightly thickened towards apex ; thorax narrowed at base, with the
sides not margined ; anterior coxse more or less conical, usually conti-
guous ; mesosternum moderately long; elytra rounded at apex, covering
abdomen ; legs moderate, tibiz slender with the spurs small but distinct,

claws simple; abdomen with five free ventral segments ; the species vary

very much in size and shape.
The following two tribes may be thus distinguished : —
- I. Intermediate coxe with trochantin; side pieces of mesosternum
reaching the intermediate coxe ; form large, much depressed. . PYTHINA,
II. Intermediate coxee without trochantin; side pieces of
mesosternum not reaching the intermediate coxe; form smaller,
more or less convex.

Pythidw.] ; HETEROMERA 49

i. Thorax more or less strongly narrowed at base ; upper surface

shining, usually smooth; sizesmall . . . . . . - - + SALPINGINA.
ii, Thorax broadest at base; upper surface clothed with a pollen-

like pubescence; size moderate; (facies of Larinus) . . . . Mycrerina.*

PYTHINA,

The single genus Pytho is contained in this tribe; it may be known
by the large size and very depressed form, and by the fact that the
intermediate coxze have conspicuous trochantins, and that the side pieces
of the mesosternum attain the intermediate coxe; the head is not pro-
duced into a rostrum in front, but is somewhat long before the eyes.

’

PYTHO, Fabricius.

This genus contains seven or eight species, which are found in Europe
and North America ; our single British species is confined-to Scotland,
where it is found very locally under bark of pine and fir; the antennz
are rather short and stout with the third joint longer than the fourth,
and they are inserted at some little distance in front of the eyes; the
maxillary palpi have the last joint slightly securiform, but scarcely
broader than the penultimate joint; the elytra are rather strongly striated
and very flat; the legs are moderately long.

The larva of P. depressus has been taken in Scotland, and I have before mea

imen given me by Dr. Sharp; it is about 24 mm. in length, of a dirty yellowish
colour (probably lighter in life), with very short legs and antennz, of which the last
joint is minute and subulate ; the head is large, semicircular, and somewhat produced |
in front ; the remainder of the segments are of much the same size and shape, and
a large deep furrow runs down the centre of all of them until the last, which is
slightly narrowed and furnished with two very strong slightly incurved appendages,
which are setose at apex; the margin between these bears on its dorsal surface a
row of small dark papille; the surface of the larva is glabrous, and there are no
setz or prominences at the sides of the segments; it occurs under bark of fir and pine.

PR. depressus, J.. Elongate, rather broad, enlarged behind, very
flat, glabrous and shining ; mouth, antenna, tibic, and tarsi reddish-tes-
taceous; head, thorax, scutellum, breast, and femora black; elytra
blue-black or steel-blue, sometimes violet ; abdomen brown, or with the
sides and posterior portion often reddish-testaceous, usually entirely
reddish-testaceous in the male ; the sides of the thorax are sometimes
reddish, and occasionally part of the elytra; head rather large, coarsely
and diffusely punctured, impressed in front, antenne stout and rather
short; thorax transverse, with sides rounded in front and gradually
narrowed behind, with a central furrow and a strong impression on
each side, diffusely and not strongly punctured ; scutellum almost
semicircular, smooth ; elytra dilated behind, with nine sulciform punc-

* These characters apply simply to the genus Mycterus ; the position and composition
of the tribe is by no fe Sh ‘SF
VOL. V. ' E

50 HETEROMERA. [ Pytho.

tured striz on each, which do not reach base or apex; a considerable
space at base is smooth or slightly punctured and shining ; legs rather
long. L.9-13.mm.

Male with the three first joints of the anterior tarsi dilated and
pubescent beneath, and with part of the sixth ventral segment visible.

Under bark of Scotch fir; very local; Scotland, Highlands, Tay and Dee districts,

Rannoch and Aviemore.

SALPINGINA.

~ The members of this tribe are small, but in some cases brightly coloured

and rather conspicuous insects ; they may be known by the absence of
the trochantin of the intermediate coxa, and the fact that the side
pieces of the mesosternum do not reach the cox ; the genus Rhinosimus
has the head produced into a strong rostrum ; our three genera may be
distinguished as follows :—
I. Head not produced into a distinct rostrum.
i, Antenne with the three last joints forming a less distinct
club, eighth joint as large as, or not much smaller than,
ninth; thorax with sides not denticulate . . . . . . Satprnevs, Gy/l.
ii, Antennz with the last three joints forming a more dis-
tinct club, eighth joint much smaller than ninth ; thorax
with sides finely denticulate . . . . .. =. =. . , LassopEMa, Curt.
II. Head produced into a strong rostrum . . . . . . . Rutnosrmus, Latr.

SALPINGUS, Gyllenhal.

About twenty species are contained in this genus, nine of which
are found in Europe, and the remainder in Algeria, Madeira, Madagas-
car, North America, Chili, &c. ; the head is produced in front, but can-
not be called rostrate, although some authors say of the species “ caput
rostro brevi;” the antennz are somewhat variable, the club being more
distinct in some species than in others; the thorax is cordiform, much
narrower at base than the elytra, which are square at the shoulders
and rounded at apex, and completely cover the abdomen ; the legs are
moderate; four species have, until quite recently, been regarded as
British, but a fifth, 8S. mutilatus, has lately been added by Mr. G. C.
Champion ; it appears to be very hard to distinguish satisfactorily
between S. ater and S. wratus, and, as far as our collections are con-
cerned, the two species seem to have been entirely confused ; the value
of the impressions on the thorax as a distinguishing character appears
to be in several cases very small; our species may be roughly separated
as follows :—

J, Mandibles short and not exserted ; labrum short.
i. Size larger ; colour castaneous; reflexed margin
of elytra narrow from the apex of the third ventral
segment. . . . - « 2's 6 « 6 « + « « WS. CASTANEUS, Panz.
ii. Size smaller; colour black or bronze; refiexed

Salpingus.} HETEROMERA. 51

margin of elytra very narrow from base of abdo-

men.
1. Colour bronze; legs more or less red; average
sige larger. sc 5 5 tw to st oe + oy & BRATUS, Muls.

= J (@neus, Steph.) -
2. Colour deep black; egs black, tarsi often >
e pitchy; average sizesmaller . . . « » - . S. ATER, Puyk.
II. Mapdibiee long and much exserted.
i. Size smaller; labrum shorter, reddish-testaceons ;
frontal region flattened - . 2... =... .--
ii. Size larger; labrum longer, ferruginous or pitchy
red; frontal region not flattened. . . . . . . S. Foveotatus, Ljungh.

S. Motitatus, Beck.

S. castaneus, Panz. (picee, Germ.). Elongate, subparallel, cista-
neous-brown or ferruginous, glabrous and shining; head triangularly
produced in front, coarsely punctured, labrum short, eyes black, promi-
nent, antenne moderately long, gradually thickened towards apex,
ferruginous with base often paler; thorax subcordiform, about as broad
in front as head, gralually narrowed behind, thickly and rather coarsely

- punctured, with an indistinct impression before middle of sides, and a
more or less distinct transverse impression at base; elytra with not very
regular rows of rather strong punctures, more or less confusedly punc-
tured at base; legs ferruginous or reddish-testaceous. L. 31-4
mm.

In decaying fir branches: occasionally by sweeping under fir trees; local, but _
rather common where it occurs; Esher, Shirley, Norwood, Weybridge, Mickleham,
West Wickham, Chatham, Crohamhurst; Hastings ; Leominster; Coleshill, near
Birmingham ; Cannock Chase; Repton; Manchester district (general in pine trees) ;
Northumberland and Durham district, rare; Scotland, on dead branches of Scotch
fir, Solway, Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts.

_ S. wratus, Muls. (eneus, Steph.). Brassy black, or lighter or
darker bronze, shining and glabrous; head rather finely puncture, eyes
prominent, antenne red, with the last joints thickened and forming a
club which is dark ; thorax subcordiform, closely and distinctly, but
somewhat variably punctured, with an impression on each side before
and behind middle, which are not always distinct; elytra subparallel,
somewhat confusedly punctured at base, with rather regular rows of
moderately strong punctures, interstices very finely alutaceous, shining ;
legs more or less red or ferruginous; there is usually an impression on
each elytron towards base ; Stephens, however, expressly says that his
S. eneus has the elytra without fovee. L. 23-3 mm.

Under bark and in dead twigs of fir trees; it has also been captured on walls and
palings ; not common; Forest Hill (Marsh) ; Southgate; Dulwich (Stephens); West
Wickham; Gravesend; Sheppy and Sittingbou.ne, Kent (Champion); Polegate

Waterhouse) ; New Forest (Champion); Dawlish; Plymouth, Whitsand Bay
(Walle) orfolk ; Knowle, near Birmingham (Blatch); Holy Island (Walker) ;
Northumberland and Durham district (S. ater, not common; S. eratus, Yetholm
(Crotch) ); Scotland, rare; S. ater, Solway, Tweed, Clyde,}| Forth, Tay, Dee, and
Moray districts ; 8. eratus, very rare, Tweed district, found at Ginich by Mr. Hislop ;
Ireland, near Dablin (Power); with the exception of those specially mentioned as

52 HETEROMERA. [ Salpingus.

referring to S. @rafus, all the localities above given have been recorded as for S. ater,
but I believe that they must be referred to thepresent species, if S. eratus and 8. ater
are really distinct.

S. ater, Payk. As far as I can make out, this species can only be
said to differ from S. e@ratus in its colour, which -is deep shining black,

with the legs also black, the tarsi being more or less pitchy, and the

base of the antennz reddish ; ; it is said to differ in the impressions of the
thorax, and in the fact that the elytra sometimes have a fovea near base,
but these are quite unreliable characters; the elytra also are said to
have the rows of punctures regular to base, but they are quite as regular
in some specimens of S. @ratus ; in fact the latter species differs con-
siderably in punctuation, and in the case of two type German specimens
from Herr Reitter now before me, one has the thorax considerably more
strongly punctured than the other ; in a type specimen of S. ater sent
me by the same entolomogist the thorax appears to be a little more nar-
rowed behind and more even and regularly punctured than is the case
with the general run of S. @rutus, but in all points, including colour,
shape and punctuation, intermediate examples appear to occur, and I
feel strongly inclined to regard the species as synonymous, and merely
varieties of one species. L. 23-3 mm.

Of all the specimens I have geen one only appears to be related to the
type S. ater, and this was taken by Mr. Champion at Aviemore, Inver-
ness shire.

S. mutilatus, Beck. (virescens, Muls., nec Lec.; s.g. Colposis,
Muls.). In general appearance somewhat resembling at first sight a
specimen of Rhinosimus planirostris ; greenish-bronze, very shining,
with the mandibles long and exserted, the labrum and other mouth parts
reddish-testaceous, and the antenne fuscous with reddish-testaceous
base, gradually thickened towards apex; eyes very prominent; thorax
short, subcordiform, rather diffusely punctured; elytra with shoulders
well marked, much broader at base than base of thorax, with sides
slightly dilated and rounded behind, and with rather regular rows of
moderately strong punctures, and an impression on each befure base ;
legs testaceous, L. 2-25 mm

In dead twigs, &c.; rare; it has only been taken at Caterham and at Gomshall
near Dorking by Mr. G. C. Champion ; in the former place he took a few examples
by sweeping Mercurialis perennis under old beech trees in the autumn.

This species is distinguished from the three preceding by the long
exserted mandibles, the broadly flattened and almost concave frontal
region of the head, the shorter thorax and more strongly impressed
elytra, the very shining upper surface, the greenish-bronze colour, the
reddish-testaceous labrum, &e.; and from S. foveolatus, which it more
nearly resembles in the structure of the mandibles, by the shorter and
narrower rostrum, the differently coloured oral organs, the flattened
frontal region, the differently formed labrum, the smaller size, the more

Salpingus. | HETEROMERA. 53

shining and differently coloured upper surface, &c. (vide Ent. Monthly
Mag. xxiii. 160).

In making the above record, Mr. Champion suggests the possibility of
the occurrence of S. Reyi and S. exsanguis in this country; the former
is very closely allied to S. castaneus, and the latter to S. ater and
S. eratus ; S. Reyi has been taken in abundance in France in the dead
branches of fruit trees.

S. foveolatus, Ljungh. (s.g. Rabocerus, Muls.; Spheriestes,
Kirby). Bronze-black, with the mouth parts, base of antenne, and
tarsi, ferruginous, shining ; head slightly narrower than thorax, eyes
prominent; antennz with the sixth joint broader than the preceding,
and a little narrower than the five last joints, which are of about equal
thickness ; thorax transversely cordate, deeply and rather closely punc-
tured, with an impression on each side behind middle, and sometimes
another indistinct one before middle; elytra with rows of punctures,
confusedly punctured at base, with a deep fovea on each towards base.
L. 4-43 mm.

Ra:e; by sweeping under beeches and elms, &e.; Coopers Hill, Gloucester
(Blatch); Robins Wood, Repton; Scarborough; Northumberland and Durham
district, ‘‘Hetton Hall, near Belford,” W. B. Boyd, Esq. ; “ Near Wooler,” Mr. T.
Hardy ; Scotland, C:amond (Stephens); Roxburghshire (Boyd).

LISSODEMA, Curtis.

This genus contains five species, three of which are found in Europe,
and the other two in Chili and Tasmania respectively ; they are very
closely allied to Salpingus, with which they are included by Thomson,
but are distinguished by having the club of the antenne more abrupt,
the mandibles not toothed on their inner side, and the sides of the thorax
slightly denticulate; the latter character, however, is not very obvious.

The larva of L. quadripustulata is described and figured by Perris (Larves des
Coléopteres, p. 300, pl. ix. f. 319); it is yellowish-white with the head reddish, and
preseuts no striking peculiarity ; the apical segment is emarginate alwost in a circle,
the lobes being very slightly produced and terminating in two recurved points; the
pupa is rather elongate.

1. Thorax subovate, with the anteriorangles notreach- _

ing the eyes ; elytra with two reddish-yellow spots

oneach; sizesmaller . . . . .. + . + L, QUADRIPUSTULATA, Marsh.
ll. Thorax subquadrate, with the anterior angles

reaching the eyes, which are large; elytra uni-

colorous; sizelarger . . . . «+ + « « « IL. cursor, Gyll,

(Heyanum, Ret.)

iL. quadripustulata, Marsh. (denticolle, Gyll.). A small species ;
head and thorax reddish-testaceous, dull, very closely and finely punc-
tured, the latter a little longer than broad, broadest before or about
middle, with the sides very feebly denticulate ; elytra rather shining,
black or fuscous with a broad spot at base of each (often meeting at
suture), and another at apex, yellow, subparallel, with distinct but

54 HETEROMERA, [ Lissedema.

somewhat irregular punctured striz, which become obsulete towards base
and apex, and with the reflexed margin narrowed almost from the first
ventral segment ; prosternum red, breast and abdomen fuscous ; legs
red, L. 2-25 mm.

In dead twigs of white-thorn, fir, &c.; also under bark; very local ; London district,
rather common; Forest Hill, Ripley, Camberwell, Battersea, Coombe Wood, Darenth
Wood, Chatham, Cobham, Lee, Esher, Claygate, Hampstead, Southend, &c.; Tun-
bridge Wells; Sittingbourne; Kingsgate; Hastings; New Forest; Glanvilles
Wootton ;. Malvern (one specimen bred from pine twigs with a large number of
Pityophthorus micrographus) ; Salford Priors; Knowle and Smallheath, Birming-
ham ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent,

ZL cursor, Gyll. (Heyanum, Redt.). Larger than the preceding, and
easily distinguished by having the elytra unicolorous reddish or brown,
without yellow patches, and by the subquadrate thorax, the anterior
angles of which reach the eyes; the thorax has the sides evidently den-
ticulate, and the disc closely and finely punctured ; the rows of punctures
on the elytra are more regular, and the reflexed margin is narrowed from
the base of the abdomen ; the general colour is lighter or darker reddish-
castaneous ; legs red. L. 3 mm.

Under bark, in. dead twigs, &e. ; very rare; first taken at Ockbrook, Derbyshire,

by Archdeacon Hey ; Mickleham; Forest Hill (Marsh) ; Headley Lane; Wilmslow
near Manchester, taken by Mr. Broadhurst (Chappell).

RHINOSIMUS, Latreille.

This is an exceedingly distinct genus, which may at once be knuwn
from all our other Heteromera by having the head prolonged into a
rostrum, which is variable in length and is more or less dilated, and
depressed at apex ; the antenne are long, and are inserted either at or in
front of the middle of rostrum; the thorax is more or less cordate,
broader than the head, about half as broad at base as the elytra, which are
ovate and convex, and furnished with distinct rows of punctures ; the legs
are slender; the genus contains about fourteen or fifteen species, of which
five are found in Europe, three occurringin Britain ; the remainder are
widely distributed, representatives occurring in Northern Asia, North
America, Chili, New Guinea, &c. ; BR. viridipennis is included by several
authors under Salpingus. ; ian

The larva of R. viridipennis (roboris, F.) is described by Erichson (Archives de
Wicgman, 1847, i. p. 287); it is linear, semicylindrical and depressed, with the in-
teguments chiefly membranous and furnislied with scattered hairs ; the head is rather
depressed, with five ocelli on each side; the prothorax is the longest segment, and the
last segment is narrower than the rest, and is furnished at apex with two short broad
horns which are terminated by two sharp slender hooks; the anal appendage is
tubiform and retractile, and forms a proleg.

I. Rostrum longer end more distinctly dilated at apex ;
antenne inserted between middle and apex of rost:um ;
vertex of head greenish-black ; thoraxred . . . . R.RUFICOLLIS, L.

a
— . i

Rhinosimus. | HETEROMERA. 55

Il. Rostrum shorter, subparallel, Jess distinctly dilated at
apex; antenne inserted at middle of rostrum.

i. Head, together with rostrum, and thorax entirely
~ ved; elytradark. . 2... . . . 2. + + + «+ BR. virempirennis, Steph.
' ii. Upper surface entirely bronze, with the ro-tium

reddish-yellow . 2. © «© © © © © ew - R. PLANIROSTRIS, F.

" 'R. ruficollis, L., nec Panz. (roboris, Payk.). Shining and glabrous;
rostrum and thorax clear reddish-testaceous, vertex of head and elytra
greenish or greenish-black, sometimes bluish, under-side reddish, with
the metasternum pitchy ; rostrum rather long, strongly dilated at apex ;
antenne inserted in front of middle of rostrum, fuscous w:th base
reddish-testaceous; eyes prominent; thorax strongly cordiform,
diffusely and rather deeply punctured, and with a deep fovea on each
side at base ; elytra much broader at base than base of thorax, with
shoulders well marked, widest behind middle, with distinct rows of
punctures, alternate interstices with rows of punctures set widely apart ;
legs reddish-testaceous. L. 23-4mm. Occasionally the metastenum
is testaceous.

Under bark, in dead twigs, &c.; local; London district, rather common}; Mickle-
ham, Forest Hill, Putney, Darenth Wood, Lee, Enfield, Westerham, West Wickham,
&c.; Dover; Hastings; New Forest; Portsmouth; Glanvilles Wootton ; Edgbaston,
‘Sutton, and Yardley, Birmingham; Hopwas Wood, Tamworth; Repton; Scar-
borough ; Withington, Cheshire; Agecroft and Dunham Park, Manchester ;
Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, rare, Solway, Clyde, and Dee
districts ; Ireland, Armagh, Westport co. Mayo, &ec.

R. viridipennis, Steph. (rujicollis, Panz., nee L.; Salpingus

rujicollis, H. R. W., &c.). This species at first sight very much
resembles the preceding, but may at once be known by its entirely red-
dish-testaceous head and rostrum, and especially by the very much
shorter, broader, and differently shaped rostrum, which has caused
several authors to place it with Salpingus; in this case, however,
R. planirostris might also be removed to the same genus, as it is inter-
niediate as :egards shape of rostrum between the two species ; antennze
inserted about middle of rostrum, fuscous, with base testaceous; thorax
less strongly narrowed behind than in &. rujicollis,.L., ditiusely and
coarsely punctured ; elytra bluish-green with distinct rows of punctures ;
meso- and metasternum greenish-brown; abdomen red-brown ; legs
reddish-yellow. .L. 2-3} mm,
' Under bark, in dead hedges, &c.; local; London district, not common, but
widely distributed; Mickleham, Sanderstead, Forest Hill, Caterham, Shirley,
Darenth Wood, St. Mary Cray, Shooter’s Hill, Loughton, &c.; Aylsham, Norfolk;
Littlington and Quy Fen, Cambridge ; Kingsgate; Dover; Hastings; New Forest;
Portsmouth ; Devon; Llangollen; Midland districts, generally distributed ; Scar-
borough ; Withivgton, Cheshire; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland,
rare, Dee district ; not recorded from Ireland, but it almost certainly occurs.

R. planirostris, F. (Spinole, Costa). neous, with the rostrum
teddish-testaceous ; head rather closely punctured, rostrum broad, sume

56 HETEROMERA. [ Rhinosimus

what dilated at apex ; antenne inserted at about middle of rostrum
pitchy with base red ; thorax rather feebly cordiform, deeply and not
very closely punctured ; elytra with distinct rows of punctures, alter-
nate interstices with rows of punctures placed rather widely apart; legs
reddish-testaceous ; under-side red, pitehy red or pitchy, L. 2-8 mm.

Under bark, in dead twigs, moss, &c.; often by sweeping and beating; common
and generally distributed throughout England and Wales; Scotland, Solway, Forth,
Tay, and probably all or nearly all the districts; Ireland, Dublin, Armagh, Belfast,
and probably general.

MYCTERINA.

This is a small tribe, whose composition is uncertain ; several authors
include under it the genus Lacconotus, which differs from Mycterus in
not having the head prolonged into a rostrum ; the latter genus forms a
very strong connecting link between the Heteromera and the
Rhynchophora ; any one who was not acquainted with the structural dif-
ferences would at once regard M. curculionoides as a weevil very near the
genus Larinus, which it further resembles in having the upper surface
covered with a yellowish pollen-like pubescence ; the tribe has been
variously assigned to the Pythide, (Edemeride, and Melandryide. I have
here placed it provisionally under the former ; the point is not im-
portant as far as the British fauna is concerned, as our single species is
doubtfully indigenous,

MYCTERUS, Clairville.

This genus contains seven or eight species, of which four are found in
Europe, and the remainder in North and Central America; it is, as
before stated, as far as outward appearance goes, extremely closely re-
lated to the Cureulionide, with which it is further connected by the
form of the intermediate coxe and scutellum; it is however separated,
of course, from them by the heteromerous tarsi, and further, to a less
extent, by the filiform antenne and the buccal organs; the larve pro-
bably live in the roots and stems of the Carduacee and Umbelliferce, on
which the perfect insects are found.

M. curculionoides, F. Elongate oval, convex, black, covered
with close greyish, yellowish or reddish pubescence, and besides with a
yellowish fugitive pollen-like pubescence, which is renewable during
life ; head produced into a strong broad rostrum, eyes moderate,
slightly projecting, antenne 11-jointed, inserted at some distance in
front of eyes, third joint elongate, last joint apparently divided into
two; thorax transverse with sides subparallel behind, and rounded and
narrowed in front, broadly bisinuate at base where it is broadest ; the
upper surface is closely, distinctly, and shallowly punctured, and there
is a trace of a central furrow at all events at base; scutellum large;

a en

Mycterus.] HBTEROMERA, 57

elytra plainly broader at shoulders than base of thorax, subparallel,
gradually narrowed a little before apex, coarsely sculptured ; legs slender,
pitchy black, apex of tibie furnished with two short spurs ; under-side
clothed with thick silvery pubescence, especially on abdomen. L. 6-7
mm. (excluding rostrum).

Female with the abdomen more convex than in the male, and the
antennz shorter and a little more thickened towards apex.

On Carduacee and Umb: llifere; very rare and donbtfully indigenous; Stephens’
record is, ‘‘ Extremely rare in Britain. I possess a pair that were captured near
qonoteias by the late Mr. Cranch; others are in the collection of the British

Museum, taken at the same time, in June 1815.” Mr. Rye (British Beetles,
eee ee oe taken in England by Mr. T. V. Wollaston, but gives no

ity ; there is, or was, a specimen in Mr. Crotch’s collection, which, perhaps, is
the one referred to by Mr. Rye.

The records are so doubtful that I had omitted the species from this
work, until I received a specimen which Mr. Sidney Olliff kindly sent
me with a note to the following effect :—“ It was, I believe, captured in
the vicinity of Oxford in 1882, or thereabouts ; the specimen was in a
small collection of Oxford beetles given me by Mr. M. Gunning ; un-
fortunately, Mr. Gunning, who was unacquainted with the rarity of his
’ eapture, had no recollection of the precise locality where this particular
specimen was found, although he had an impression that it was found
on a thistle head, but he was positive in his assertion that all his cap-
tures were from Oxford, and that no specimens had been added from
other sources.” As will be gathered from what has been said, further
evidence is still needed to prove that the beetle is really indigenous; in
my record of the specimen from near Oxford (Ent. Monthly Mag. xxvi.
86) I am made by a printer’s error to say “it deserves a ‘ prominent’
admission to our lists,” whereas the word I really used was “‘ provisional ;”
such a provisional admission it certainly has a claim to quite as much as
many other species.

CDEMERIDZ.

This family contains upwards of fifty genera, and between two hun-
dred and three hundred species; they are for the most part elongate,
slender and delicate insects, and are often very brightly coloured ; in
the perfect state they frequent flowers ; their wings are large, and they
are quick fliers, but their other motions are comparatively slow ; they are
_ widely distributed, but are, as far as is at present known, much more cha-
racteristic of temperate than of tropical countries ; some of the species bear
a strong superficial resemblance to the Telephoride ; they have been placed
by some authors near the Cantharide; but they appear to be allied much
more closely to the Pythidz and Melandryide. The following are the
chief characteristics of the family :—Head inclined, large, more or less nar-
rowed behind eyes,-inserted in thorax by a broad neck ; 3 eyes variable,
sometimes very large, not reaching the base of the mandibles which are
flattened and bifid at apex ; antenne Jong, or very long, nearly always

58 HETEROMERA, [ Bdemeride.

slender and filiform ; thorax narrower at base than elytra, not margined ;
anterior coxal cavities broadly open behind, confluent; elytra elongate,
covering abdomen, with more or less distinct raised lines ; abdomen with
five free ventral segments, the sixth sometimes visible in the male ; legs
long or moderately long, penultimate joint of tarsi bilobed ; posterior
femora very strongly thickened in the males in some genera,

Thirteen genera, represented by nearly eighty species, are found in |
Europe ; of these four genera and only six species occur in Britain. ;

I. Maxillary palpi with the last joint oblong, as broad oras a i
little broader than the preceding, not or slightly securi-

form ; head produced in front.

i. Eyes round, entire; posterior femora of male very
strongly thickened in some species, in others simple . (£pEMERA, Ol.
ii. Eyes kidney-shaped.

1. Antenne 11-jointed in both sexes, with the third
joint five or six times as long as the second ; posterior
femora of male considerably thickened ; all the tibie
with two apical spines . oe STS Relies

2. Antenne 12-jointed in the male and 11-jointed in
the female, with the third joint about three times as
long as the second; posterior femora of male not
thickened ; anterior tibia with one apical spine . . NacerDEs, Schmidt,

II. Maxillary palpi with the last joint plainly securiform,

broader than the preceding; eyes oval, slightly emar-

ginate in front; posterior femora of male not thickened;
head not, or scarcely, produced in front . . . . . + IscHNOMERA, Steph.
(Aselera, Schmidt.)

ONCOMERA, Steph.

G@DEMERA, Olivier. (Necydalis, Fabricius.)

Between thirty and forty species are known as belonging to this
genus ; no less than twenty-eight are found in Europe, and the remainder
occur in Siberia, Kamtschatka, Japan, Persia, and Algeria ; a consider-
able number have the posterior thighs strongly dilated in the male; the
head is considerably prolonged in front, and the antenne are inserted at
a considerable distance behind the elypeus near the eyes; their first
joint is shorter than the third, and the second joint is very short; the
eyes are round; the maxillary palpi have the last joint oblong and |
obliquely truncate at apex ; the thorax is deeply foveate on disc ; the t
elytra are more or less divaricate at apex ; the legs are rather long,
and the tibiz are furnished with very short spurs.

The larva and pupa of O. virescens, which is considered by some authors as syno-

nymous with O. durida, are described and figured by Schiddte (xi. pp. 546, 547, t. xvi. |
14 and 17); the larva is about nine times as long as broad, with the head and thoracic
|
|

segments more or less corneous, and is of a light colour; the head is large, a little
broader than the prothoracic segment, which is larger than the meso- and meta-
thoracic segments ; the segments are incised at the joints, and are setose at the sides ;
the apical segment is transverse, rounded, and simple; the legs are comparatively
long; this larva is found under the bark of trees; the pupa is long with the ce-
phalic region subquadrate, and with a prominence at each side of the apex of the
thoracic region ; it is terminated by two small curved cerci. :

_Edemera.| HETEROMERA. 59

I. Posterior femora of malé very strongly thickened ; colour
bright emeraid-green, bluish or reddish, shining . . . - O. NOBILIS, Scop.
II. Posterior femora of male not or scarcely thickened ; colour
dark sage-green, dull . . . - + = + : oe . O. LugiIpa, Marsh.

O. nobilis, Scop. (cwrulea, L.). Elongate, shining, bright green,
bluish-green or blue, sometimes reddish or coppery ; head subtriangular,
closely and rugosely punctured, eyes prominent, antenne long and
slender, dark, metallic at base with the under-side of the basal joints
yellow ; thorax a little longer than broad, widest before middle, uneven,
rugosely punctured ; scutellum small ; elytra separately narrowed from
base to apex, divaricate, closely and rugosely punctured, with strong
raised lines; legs long, dark, more or less metallic. L. 8-9 mm.

Male with the posterior femora very strongly thickened, and the pos-
terior tibie strongly thickened.

On flowers, &c.; generally distributed, and common in many localities, in the
London, south-eastern and southern districts; Essex; Suffolk; Gloucester; Bewdley
Forest; Swansea; Tenby; Barmouth; Conway; it is rare in the midlands and
western Welsh counties, and has not been recorded from further north.

O. lurida, Marsh. Of a dull sage-green colour, sparingly clothed
with fine pubescence, very closely and rugosely punctured; apart
from its colour it is easily distinguished from’ the preceding by having
the elytra only slightly narrowed separately at apex; the thorax is
scarcely longer than broad, more coarsely punctured than elytra, un-
even, with a more or less distinct central furrow ; the raised lines on
the elytra are distinct. L. 6-7 mm.

Male with the posterior femora scarcely thickened, the fifth ventral
segment of abdomen deeply emarginate, and the posterior tibize armed
with a hooked spur.

Female with the posterior femora not thickened, and the fifth ab-
dominal segment entire.

Grassy places; on flowers; by sweeping, &c.; local; London district, rather
eommon, Mickk ham, Caterham, Reigate, Sevenoaks, Lee, Darenth Wood, Dulwich,
Esher, Cowley, Weybridge, Chatham, &c.; Dover; Hastings; Portsea; Isle of
a ie Devon; Bath; Swansea; Barmouth; Cotswold Hills; Bewdley Forest;

ONCOMERA, Stephens. (Dryops, Fabricius.)

This is a small genus, containing about half-a-dozen species, three
being found in Europe, one in Algeria, and one in Japan; our single
British species is a long and rather conspicuous insect, of very delicate
consistency and slender form ; it is found very locally onivy bloom; the
head is considerably produced before the eyes, which are large and kidney-
shaped ; the antenne are filiform, 11-jointed in both sexes, long and very
slender, with the second joint very short, and the third and following
very long, the last being comparatively short ; the thorax is oblong, con-
stricted at hase, much narrower than the elytra, which are of a coriaceous

60 HETEROMERA. [ Oncomera.

texture and are divaricate at apex; legs long, femora of male strongly
thickened, ‘

O. femorata, I’. ( 2 calopoides, Germ.), Livid-brown, rather pale,

with the forehead, sides of thorax, base of abdomen and a ring before

apex of femora dark brown or black-brown ; head considerably produced
in front, antenne very long and slender; thorax longer than broad,
somewhat narrowed behind, closely punctured except on centre of disc,
testaceous with the sides broadly black, the black colour often spreading
over the greater part of the disc; scutellum light; elytra long, sub-
parallel, divaricate at apex, closely punctured, with three or four raised
lines on each; legs long, testaceous with the femora more or less
infuscate. L. 12-16 mm.

Male with the posterior femora much thickened and the posterior
tibie strongly curved.

On ivy bloom and occasionally on sallows; found both in spring and autumn;
local, but not rare in many districts; it is nocturnal in its habits, and sometimes
comes to sugar placed on trees to attract moths; Ripley (Surrey), Mickleham, Darenth
Wood, Reigate, Tunbridge Wells, Westerham, Chatham; Oxford; Reading; Dover;
Hastings; Arundel; Shipley, near Horsham; Lewes; Isle of Wight; Glanvilles
Wootton; Brixham; Exeter; Bath; Leominster; it has not been recorded from
further north. .

NACERDES, Schmidt.

This isa moderately large and very widely distributed genus, its range
extending from Siberia to Madagascar and Brazil; the species, however,
are chiefly found in temperate climates, and only two or three have been
described from the New World ; only one of the fifteen European species
is found in Britain; it is a long reddish insect with a black tip to the
elytra, and very strongly resembles certain species of Telephorus ; it may
be known by the 12-jointed antenne of the male; the eyes are
oblique and kidney-shaped; the maxillary palpi have the last joint
oblong, obliquely truncate at apex, and about as long as the penultimate;
the thorax is slightly narrowed behind, and is much narrower at base
than elytra, which are long and subparallel; the posterior femora of the
male are not thickened.

The larva of VV. melanura is described and figured in two positions (viewed from
above and sideways) by Schiddte (xi. p. 540, t. xvi. 1 and 2); it is seven or eight
times as long as broad, and is much narrower in front than behind, to a slight extent
resembling some of the larvee of the Buprestidz ; the head and legs alone are cor-
neous, and the colour is white with the last-mentioned parts yellowish, and the clypeus,
mandibles and palpi pale ferruginous ; tne head is large, being nearly as broad as the
prothorax, which together with the next four segments is uneven and furnished with
a hump or knob on the centre of the dorsal surface; the legs are moderately long ;
the remaining abdominal segments are simple and of different lengths, the last being
narrower and without cerci; all the segments are setoseat the sides; the ‘‘ preterga”
and ‘‘ posterga,’’ or the membranes joining the segments, are very evident; the larva
lives in dead wood, especially oak, and mines galleries

Nacerdes | HETEROMERA. 61

WN. melanura, Schmidt (lepturoides, Thunb.). Elongate, subparallel,
reddish-testaceous, with the apex of elytra, femora, breast and abdomen
black, rarely entirely fuscoas; head with eyes as broad as thorax,
antennz long and slender; thorax rather shining, cordiform, more so in
male than in female, in the former sex being furnished with a black spot
on each side, closely and distinctly punctured except on centre of disc ;
seutellum truncate behind ; elytra dull, parallel, very closely punctured,
clothed with short and fine yellowish pubescence, with traces of raised
lines. L, 7-12 mm.

Male with the anfenne 12-jointed, the- last ventral segment of
abdomen bilobed, and the centre of forehead and spots on thorax
fuscous.

Female with the antennz 11-jointed, the last ventral segment of the
abdomen broadly and slightly emarginate, and the thorax unicolorous.

On old posts and ti:nber on the sea shore and near the mouths of large rivers ;
sometimes introduced further inland with timber; rather common locally; Surrey
Canal and Peckham (probably introduced with timber) ; Harwich; Doverscourt ;
Walton-on-Naze; Chatham; Sheerness; Gravesend; Southend; Deal; Dover;
Folkestcne ; Hastings; Portsmouth ; Southampton (about rotten railway sleepers) ;
Isle of Wight ; Devonshire, Plymouth, &c.; banksof Humber and Severn; Borth,
Wales; Bridlington jetties; Manchester; Northumberland and Durham district,
> omen and on the wing near South Shields; Ireland, Glasnevin Gardens,

ISCHNOMERA, Steph. (Asclera, Schmidt )

The members of this genus may be known by the strongly securiform last
joint of the maxillary palpi, and the oval, almost round, eyes, which are
very slightly emarginate in front ; the antenne are filiform and elongate
with the third joint about twice as long as the second ; the head is
searcely produced before antenne ; the thorax is rather strongly nar-
rowed at base, and the elytra are long and parallel-sided ; the legs are
long and the claws plainly toothed at base ; all the tibie are armed with
two spurs at apex ; the genus contains about fifteen species, six of which

occur in Europe, and the remainderin Japan, North America, Cuba, the

Australian region, &e.; two are inhabitants of Britain.

The larva and pupa of I. cewrulea are described and figured by Sch‘ddte (xi. pp. 545—
547, t. xvi. 11, 12 and 13) ; the larva so closely resembles a rather small larva of
NV. melanura, that it might well be mistaken for it; it appears chiefly to differ in
having the head rather narrower and more exserted, the prothorax more produced in
front, and the first three abdominal segments angled in middle of sides; the remain-
ing segments, also, are more conical; the pupa differs considerably from that of
Nacerdes, having the cephalic region rounded, and being thickly furnished with stout
setose ‘‘ styli motorii,” which are almost absent in the latter pupa; the larva mines
dead wood.

I. Thorax green, or bluish-green, unicolorous with elytra . I. carurza, L.
II. Thorax bright red or yellowish-red . . . . . « « JI. SANGUINICOLLIS, F.

I. coerulea, L. Elongate, parallel-sided, blue-green or blue, a little
shiny; head large, eyes large and prominent projecting beyond anterior
angles of thorax, front distinctly but rather finely and not very closely

62 HRTEROMERA. [ “schnomera-

punctured, antennz long, dark, with the under-side of the first two joints
yellow, base of palpi yellow; thorax about as long as broad, slightly
cordiform, with sides rounded and widened before middle, and contracted
behind, closely punctured towards base, less closely in front ; scutellum

impressed ; elytra very closély and somewhat rugosely punctured, with

three entire raised lines on each. L. 7-8 mm.

Male with the last joint of the maxillary palpi longer and the

pygidium more elongate than in female.

In rotten wood of ivy, willow, elm, &c. ; occasionally by sweeping herbage ; I have.

found it on a road and about an old wall; local, and rather scarce, but somewhat
widely distributed; London district, not uncommon, Hammersmith, Greenwich,
Darenth Wood, Belvedere, Faversham, Esher, Richmond, Sheerness, Chatham, Whit-
stable ; Norfolk; Suffolk; New Forest (in numbers) ; Glanvilles Wootton; Whitsand
Bay, Plymouth ; Fordlands, Devon, on Umbellifere ; Swansea; Leamington ; Repton,
Burton-on-Trent (one or two specimens) ; I know of no locality further north,

I. sanguinicollis, F. More elongate and duller than the preceding,
from which it may be at once distinguished by the colour of the thorax,
which is bright reddish-testaceous ; antenne dark or partly ferruginous,
with the under-side of the basal joints reddish-yellow ; thorax subcordi-
form, with strong impressions, closely punctured, dilated a little before

middle and narrowed behind; scutellum rather large, very closely punc-

tured; elytra dull sage-green, clothed with greyish pubescence, with
three entire raised lines ; legs rather long, dark. L. 8-10 mm.

On flowers and in decayed trees; rare; Coombe Wood (Stephens) ; Richmond
Park (Turner) ; Windsor Forest, on hawthorn blossom in May (S. Stevens) ; New
Forest and Bristol (Stephens); Sherwood Forest, on mountain-ash flowers (Blatch) ;
Ireland (Stephens). *

PYROCAROIDZ.

This is a very small family, containing only about half-a-dozen genera
and twenty species, which are found with one or two exceptions in
Europe, Northern Asia, and North America ; two genera, Pyrochroa and
Dendroides, occur in Europe ; the former of these is represented in Britain
by three conspicuous species,.one of which is very common, and is well
known to the most casual observers of insects; they are easily distin-
guished by their size and colour and very elegant serrate or pectinate
antennz; the head is exserted, horizontal or almost horizontal, strongly
constricted a short distance behind the eyes, which are emarginate ;
antennz 11-jointed, inserted before eyes; thorax narrower at base than
elytra, with the sides not margined; anterior coxal cavities broadly open
behind and confluent, prosternum long before the anterior coxe, which
are furnished with a distinct trochantin ; metasternuw long, with narrow
side pieces ; elytra wider than abdomen, rvunded at apex ; abdomen with
five free ventral segments, a sixth visible in the male ; legs long, penul-
timate joint bilobed, claws simple.

* Mr. W. Ff. Blandford has quite recently (June, 1890) taken a single specimen on haw -
thorn blossom in the New Forest, where it had not occurred for many years previously.

See ae

Pyrochroa.] HETEROMERA. 63

PYROCHROA, Geofiroy.

The sharia given for the family will serve to distinguish this our
single British genus, except that it may be added that the maxillary
palpi are long with the last joint elongate securiform, the antenne have
the second joint about one-third as long as the third, and the posterior
tarsi have the first joint elongate; the genus is the largest in point of
numbers of those belonging to the family, and contains about a dozen
species; three of the four European species are found in Britain, and the
remainder have been described from Northern Asia and North ‘America,
one species having been taken in Java. -

The larva of P. serraticornis, Scop. (rubens, Schall.), has been described and figured
by several authors; a detailed description, with figure, is given by Westwood (Classi-
fication, i. p. 288, fig. 32, 11); I have also a specimen before me taken by myself in
Nocton Wood, near Lincoln, in a rotten stump; ft is long and linear, of a dirty
ochreous colour, with the head, thorax, and apical segments corneous; the head is
large, with short antenna and comparatively long palpi of about the same length as -
the antenne; the segments are transverse and incised at the articulations; the
prothorax is short quadrangular, but the mesothorax and metathorax, especially
the former, are much narrowed in front; the penultimate segment is very long, the
preceding segment being short; the apical segment is situated at right angles to the
penultimate, and is furnished with two strong corneous spines projecting upwards, and
several small setose warty prominences on margin; the legs are stout and strong, and
terminate in a simple claw ; there is a fine central furrow running down the middle
of the segments ; the head and tail are darker than the rest of the body; the pupa is
dirty white with the rudimental wings and wing covers very short. .

The larve of our other two British species, P. coccinea and P. pectinicornis are
figured by Chapuis and Candéze (Larves des Coléoptéres, pl. vii. figs, 3 and 4);
and beautiful figures of the larva and pupa of P. coccinea are given by Schiddte (xi.
pl. xv. 1, 10) ; these larve resemble that of P. serraticornis in general appearance, but
differ in the shape of the thoracie segments and the anal appendages. Ahrens, who
described the larva of P. coccinea, is inclined to believe that the larva is three years
in attaining the full size, while the pupa state only continues fourteen days; the
pupa is remarkable for excrescences at the sides of the thoracic segments.

I, Head strongly dilated behind eyes; antenne of male
inate or serrate; size larger.

i. ead tack |< sec obs tet aeGatle |. Yee ce. UP. oocommera,- Zh

ji. Headred . . 2 - + DP. seRpeaticornis, Scop.
II. Head scarcely dilated behind eyes ; ; antenne of male

flabellate; sizesmaller . . ° - » P.pgctrnicornis, LD.

PB. coccinea, L. Head black, ihirae and elytra bright scarlet
clothed with short and thick unicolorous pubescence ; head subtriangular,
dilated behind eyes, impressed in male, impressed with the impression
furrowed in female ; antenne long, black ; thorax transverse-oval, nearly
twice as broad as long, with a more or less distinct central furrow;
scutellum black; elytra dilated behind, with well-marked shoulders,
together with thorax very closely and finely sculptured; legs black,
rather long, claws red. L. 14-17 mm.

Male with the antenne rather strongly pectinate, the forehead with a
broad deep impression, and the fifth ventral segment of the abdomen
emarginate at apex, the sixth being conspicuous,

64° HETEROMERA [Pyrochroa,

Female with the antenne not strongly pectinate, subserrate, the fore-
head with a shallow furrowed depression, and the fifth ventral seg nent of
the abdomen rounded at apex.

Under bark of decaying oak, &¢., where if may be found in all its stages; occa-
sionally found on grass stems; very local, but has occasionally been found in num.
bers where it occurs; Darenth and Birch Woods; Epping Forest; New Forest ;
Llangollen. l

P. serraticornis, Scop, (rubens, Schall. ; purpurata, Mill. ; satrapa,
Schrank.). Not so large as the preceding, which it strongly resembles

in general appearance ; it may, however, be at once known by its red
head ; the head is more strongly impressed in the male than in the female ;

the thorax is transverse, oval, or with the anterior angles slightly marked ;
the elytra are much as in the preceding species; the antennz are not

pectinate, but strongly serrate in the male and subserrate in the female,

L. 9-12 mm,

On flowers, grass stems, &c.; its earlier stages are passed in rotten wood of oak,
beech, willow, &c.; often on pathways in summer; venerally distributed and com-
mon from the midland counties southwards, and sometimes very abundant; less com-
mou further north ; not recorded from Scotland, and I have had as yet no record of
its occurrence in Ireland, but it almost certainly occurs,

P. pectinicornis, L. Considerably smaller than either of the pre-
ceding ; head black with the labrum and mandibles reddish-brown, and
sometimes the middle of the forehead of the same colour; thorax and
elytra reddish-testaceous, clothed with unicolorous silky pubescence, the

former with a central black patch of greater or lesser extent; head un-

even; thorax transverse, strongly narrowed and sinuate before posterior
angles, finely and closely punctured ; scutellum dark ; elytra somewhat
dilated behind, very closely punctured, with distinct traces of raised lines;
antenne and legs black. L. 7-8 mm. '

Male with the antenne flabellate and the fifth ventral segment of the
abdomen slightly emarginate at apex, the sixth being conspicuous; the
vertex of the head also is deeply foveolate on each side.

Female with the antenne pectinate, the vertex of head even, and the
sixth ventral segment of the abdomen not conspicuous.

In birch stumps; very local; only found in Scotland, Highlands, Dee and Moray
districts, Braemar, &c,

SCRAPTIIDZ.

The position of the genus Scraptia has been much disputed ; by the
shape of the head and thorax, and in fact by its general appearance it
seems to be naturally related to the Mordellide, but a considerable num-
ber of authors have classed it with the Melandryide ; Gyllenhal placed
the single species known in his time under the Serropalpide, as belong-
ing to the tribe Dircea, Dr. Horn and Dr. Leconte regard the genus
as forming a family Scraptiina of Melandryide, and Stephens places it in

et ee a

Scraptiide. } HETEROMERA. ; 65

the same family between Abdera and Hallomenus; Thomson classes it
with Conopalpusas a tribe Conopalpina of the Serropalpide, which
latter family is by many writers regarded as only a part of the Melan-

dryide. Heyden, Reitter, and Weise again place it with Zuglenes,

XAylovhilus, Pedilus, Steropes, and Phytobenus under a separate family

-Pedilide, and in this they are followed by some authors; the genus
seems to fall most naturally under the Mordellide, and the species
‘superficially bear a strong resemblance to Anaspis ; it must, however, be
admitted that in some points it is more closely allied to the Melandryide,

and under all circumstances it seems to be the best plan to form a
family Scraptiide for the reception of Scraptia and Trotomma and

‘Wollaston’s genus Preudoscraptia ; the species are so extremely rare that

it is very difficult to obtain a specimen for dissection, and further study
of the species is necessary before any final conclusion can be come to in

the matter; the arrangement, however, which I have here followed

seems to be the best provisional one that can be made, as it places the
genus in a position between the Melandryide and Mordellide without
connecting it with either. The family may be characterized as follows:
—Head more raised than the anterior margin of the thorax, strongly con-
tracted immediately behind eyes ; upper surface depressed; antenne

filiform ; eyes deeply emarginate ; maxillary palpi more or less strongly
“securiform ; thorax transverse ; scutellum distinct; posterior cox shorter
than the first ventral segment; spurs of anterior tibiz distinct ; posterior

tibiz as long as the tarsi; penultimate joint of tarsi strongly bilobed ;
claws simply toothed at base, the teeth being rudimentary ; insects small

j and very delicate. ie

SCRAPTIA, Latreille.

About twenty-five species are contained in this genus, of which eight are
found in Europe, and the remainder chiefly in North and South America;
one, however, has been described from Ceylon; the characters above
given will serve to distinguish the genus; the antepne have the second
and third joints small ; the mandibles are bifid at apex; the scutellum is
triangular; the elytra are subparallel, rather depressed and almost

coriaceous, not fitting tightly to the sides of the abdomen, which is com-
posed of five segments ; the legs are slender and delicate.

The larva of S. fuseula (minuta, Muls.) is described and figured by Perris (Larves

des Coléoptéres, p. 341, pl. x. f. 371); it is white with a slight yellowish tinge, linear
_and elongate, with the prothoracic segment the longest, and is chiefly remarkable for

the very long last segment of abdomen ; this segment is as long as the three or four
preceding segments, and is very thickly set with fine long sete; it is almost spoon-

shaped, and is quite simple at apex; Perris, in discussing the questions raised concern-

ing the position of the genus, remarks that the larva seems to offer no pvuints of com-
parison with Mordella aud Mordellistena, but nevertheless appears to be somewhat
allied to that of Anaspis, from which, however, it differs totally in the formation of
the last segment; the larva and the perfect insect appear to be, at all events toa cer-
sophil

tain extent, m

VOL. V. F

66 HETEROMERA. [Seraptia.

1. Third joint of antenna and first joint of posterior tarsi longer ;
eyes not contiguous to posterior margin of head . . . . . S. DuBrA, Ol,
‘ (fusea, Latr.)
IL. Third joint of antenna and first joint of posterior tarsi shorter;

eyes contiguous to posterior margin of head 8. Foscura, Mill,

(minuta, Muls.)

S. dubia, 01. (fusca, Latr.). Subparallel, rather depressed, clothed
with fine silky pubescence, finely, very closely, and, on the elytra, some- -
what asperately punctured; head and thorax brown, elytra brownish-
yellow or testaceous, antenne brownish; eyes separate from posterior
margin of head ; thorax very transverse, about twice as broad as long,
strongly narrowed in front with two rather feeble impressions at base ;
elytra about four times as long as thorax ; under-side fuscous; legs pale
brown or testaceous, tibie and tarsi reddish. L. 33-4 mm;

In rotten wood, hard fungus on trees, &.; very rare; near Windsor (Stephens) ;
Glanvilles Wootton, Dorset, a single specimen taken by Mr. Curtis in a window of the
house, June 25th, 1842. j

S. fuscula, Miill. (minuta, Muls.; nigricans, Steph.). In shape,
general appearance, punctuation and pubescence very closely allied to
the preceding, but on an average smaller, with the third joint of the
antenne and the first joint of the posterior tarsi shorter, and the eyes con-
tiguous to the posterior margin of the head ; head black or brown ; thorax
testaceous, very transverse, with two distinct basal impressions; elytra
and under-side testaceous or brownish-yellow ; legs livid testaceous. L.
25 mm. :

In hard woody fungus on trees, in rotten wood, &c.; sometimes on the wing ; very
rare; Ripley, Surrey (Stephens) ; Purley and Esher (Power); Exwick, Devon, by
sweeping ivy, July 1863 (Parfitt); Mr. W. Garneys took a specimen of Scraptia some

years ago at Repton, Burton-on-Trent, which must, I think, be referred to this
species, ,

MORDELLIDZ.

This family contains about a dozen genera and between three and four
hundred species ; the genus Mordella is very widely distributed, but the
remaining members of the family are chiefly found in Europe and North
America, a small proportion only being found within the tropics or in
the Southern Hemisphere ; some authors include the Rhipidophoride
with the Mordellidw, but it seems more correct to separate them. The
following are the chief characteristics of the family :—Body more or less
arched or convex; head vertical, often inserted very low, strongly and
suddenly constricted immediately behind eyes, connected with thorax by
a very small neck; antennz slender, filiform or slightly serrate, inserted
before eyes; maxillary palpi with the last joint securiform ; thorax
trapezoidal or semicircular, as wide at base as elytra, anterior coxal
cavities large, open behind ; mesosternum short ; elytra narrowed behind,
without strie and with the epipleure very narrow or absent, tip of
abdomen not covered; abdomen with five or six ventral segments, often

Mordellide | _HETEROMERA, . 67

produced into a strong style at apex ; legs rather slender, posterior tarsi
very elongate, often nearly twice as long as the tibie, which are furnished
with long spurs ; this formation, taken together with the apical style,
gives to many species the power of leaping; in size, colour, and
“pubescence the different members of the group are very variable.

P The family falls naturally into the two following tribes :—

I. Anterior coxe broadly distant at base, intermediate coxze broadly

distant ; pygidium produced into a strong style. . . . . . . MORDELLINA.
II. Anterior coxze almost contiguous at base, intermediate coxe
slightly distant ; pygidium not produced intoastyle. . .. . ANASPINA.
MORDELLINA.

This tribe contains by far the greater majority of the species belonging
to the family ; they are, as a rule, larger and stouter than the members of
the second tribe, and may at once be known by the styliform process of
the pygidium ; the general shape is more or less cuneiform, and the body
is convex and arched, the head being inserted very low; the intermediate
tibie have the spurs absent or small, and the posterior tibie are short,
dilated and triangular; the hind coxz are very large, and the tarsal
claws are cleft to the base with the upper portion pectinate; three of the
five European genera are represented in Britain; they may be distin-
guished as follows :—

I. Seutellum larger, subrectangular, broadly emarginate at
apex ; of abdomen shorter and more obtuse . . TomoxrA, Costa.
Il. Seutellum smaller, transversely triangular or semi-
circular; process of abdomen nearly always longer
and sharper.
i. Antenne obtusely serrate from the fifth joint;
episterna of metasternum a a Be i eyes
more finely granulated . . . Morpenra, L.
_ ii, Antenne very obtusely serrate, almost, filiform ; ;
episterna of metasternum elongate-linear ; = more
coarsely granulated. . 2. 1. 1. ss . - » MoRDELLISTENA, Costa.

TOMOXIA, Costa.

This is a small genus containing about half-a-dozen species, of which -
only one occurs in Europe; the remainder have been described from
North America and New Caledonia; they resemble Mordella, but have
the scutellum larger and quadrangular, and the anal style shorter and
Dlunter ; the eyes are large and somewhat hairy, and the antenne are
slender and rather short, ‘and obtusely serrate from the fifth joint ; the
intermediate tibie have the spurs absent or very minute; our single
species bears a strong superficial resemblance in the shape ‘and general
appearance to Mordella fasciata, but may be easily known by several of
the characters just mentioned.

The larva and pupa of 7. biguttata (bucephala, Costa) are described and figured
by Schiddte (xi. pp. 589, 591, t. xv. 12 and 21); the larva is cylindrical, about seven
rF2

* 68 HETEROMERA. _ [Tomoxia.

times as long as broad, of a membranous consistency, with the head, legs, and dorsal
portion of tbe ninth abdominal segment corneous ; these last-mentioned portions of
the body are yellowish, the rest being white, with the exception of the apex of the
maxillz and Jabium, the frontal margin, and certain tubercles on the ninth abdominal
segment, which are ferruginous; the head is exserted, quadrate; the prothorax is
roughly cordate, furnished at base with minute groups of tubercles; the mesothorax
is very short; the remaining segments are similar, and are slightly incised at their
joints; the eighth abdominal segment is smooth on disc, and the ninth is nearly as
broad as the eighth, rather long, gradually rounded and produced into a moderately
strong style, which is obsoletely bifid at apex and serves as a proleg; neither the
antenne nor the legs are visible from above, the former being very minute, and the
latter rudimentary ; the pupa is rather thickly set with minute short conical ‘‘ styli
motorii,’’ and is terminated by two rather strong cerci; the larva is found mining in
old beech and other wood.

T. biguttata, Gyll. (bucephala, Costa). Black or pitchy black,
clothed with silky pubescence, which in some parts is concolorous with
the upper surface and in other parts lighter, the base of the elytra, a spot
behind the middle of each, and a more or less elongate sutural patch
being most conspicuous ; punctuation very close, somewhat asperate ;
head broad, antenne slender, reaching about to the base of thorax, dark
with the basal joints obscurely lighter; thorax transverse, strongly
bisinuate at base; elytra gradually narrowed to apex, and separately
rounded obtusely at apex; anal process pointed, truncate at apex, shorter
than in Mordella ; legs black. L. 43-6} mm.

Male with joints 5-10 of the antennz oblong-triangular, and the
femora and anterior tibize clothed with white pubescence on their inner
side.

Female with the antenne shorter and joints 5-10 oval-triangular,
anterior legs not pilose.

In decaying trunks of willows, oaks, and other kinds ‘of deciduous trees (lofskogar
of Thomson); also found on Umbellifere; rare; all the recorded specimens appear to

haye been obtained in the New Forest, with the exception of one that was taken by ~

Mr. Dale off his garden hedge at Glanvilles Wootton on June 23rd, 1870.

MORDELLA, Linné.

This genus is a large and extensive one, containing upwards of one
hundred and fifty species; of these only fifteen occur in Europe, and it
is much more widely represented in the tropics and the Southern Hemi-
sphere than any of the other genera of the family, a large proportion
being found in South America, and several in the Australian region ;
species have also been described from Ceylon, Tahiti, &c., and the genus
ranges as far north as Siberia ; it is apparently, therefore, general in its
distribution ; the characters mentioned under Tomozia will serve to dis-
tinguish it from that genus; it is very closely allied to Mordellistena,
but the latter genus may be known by having the thorax at least as long
as broad, the antenne more filiform, the eyes evidently more coarsely

i ae

Mordella.] -HETEROMERA. 69

granulated, and the fact that the episterna of the metasternum are
elongate-linear, and not triangular.
I. Upper surface with the pubescence forming spots and bands ; .
antenne less distinctly serrate from fifth joint; tarsal claws
serrate and armed with a slender tooth almost reaching apex . M. FasciaTa, F.

II. Upper surface with even pubescence ; antenn more distinctly
serrate from fifth joint ; tarsal claws not distinctly toothed. . M. acuLeama, L.

™. fasciata, F. Black, with the suture and a variable band
before and behind middle of elytra thickly pubescent, the pubescence
‘being grey or yellowish-grey; sometimes the front band takes the
‘form of an oblique patch at each shoulder; antenne dark with base
red, longer and stouter than in Tomoxia ; thorax transverse with the
borders clothed with grey pubescence, strongly bisinuate at base, very
finely sculptured; scutellum almost semicircular; elytra gradually
narrowed from apex to base, separately rounded obtusely at apex,
very closely sculptured; anal process long and pointed; legs black,
posterior spurs ferruginous. L.5—7 mm.

“Male narrower than female, with the pygidium and anal style more
elongate.

On flowers of Umbellifere—in woods, &c.; it passes its earlier stages under bark
and in rotten wood; very local, but occasionally found in ‘abundance; Mickleham,
Maidstone, Bearsted ; Sittingbourne, Strood, Chatham ; Canterbury; Dover; Abbots
Wood; Hastings; Lewes; New Forest; Exeter; Swansea; Monks Wood, Cam-
bridgeshire, .

™. aculeata, L. Black, clothed with fuscous or fuscous-grey
pubescence, which is unicolorous on the upper side ; the metathorax and

___ base of the segments of the abdomen are usually silvery white ; punctua-

tion close ; antennz black, lighter at base ; thorax much broader than
long; elytra at base slightly narrower than base of thorax, gradually
narrowed behind, obtusely rounded separately at apex ; anal spine very
long ; legs black, anterior femora often testaceous. L. 4-6 mm.

On flowers; rare; Ripley, Surrey (Stephens) (Mr. Champion thinks this may be
in error); Westerham, Kent, frequent (Gorham); Glanvilles Wootton, of occasional
occurrence on guelder roses in May and June (Dale) ; Stephens also records it from
Hertford, Monks Wood, near Swansea (common), and Scotland; the species is
common in France, and appears to be very variable to judge by the number of named
varieties ; the same may be said of M. fasciata.

MORDELLISTENA, Cosia.

This genus is also an extensive one, containing more than a hundred
“species, about one-third of which are found in Europe ; the remaining
species, however, with the exception of half-a-dozen or so from Chili and
Ceylon, appear to be chiefly confined to North America ; the distribution
of the genus is therefore very different to that of Mordella; it is very
closely allied to the latter genus, under which the distinctions between
them have already been alluded to; the sub-genera Mordellochroa,

70 HETEROMERA, [Mordellistena.

Emery, Mordellistena i. sp., and Tolida, Mulsant, have been adopted
by some authors ; of our six British species, one, M. abdominalis, belongs
to Mordellochroa, which appears to be chiefly distinguished by the
absence of spurs at apex of intermediate tibie ; the remainder belong to
Mordellistena proper; in several of these, however, the intermediate
apical spurs appear to be very minute, or else to be easily broken off, as
in several of my specimens I can hardly, if at all, distinguish them.

The larva ot M. pusilla is found in the stems of Marrubiwm vulgare (the common

horehound) ; it is of a yellowish colour, with rudimentary legs, and covered with
short black hairs; the apical segment is terminated by a short double black spine;
it is found in winter feeding on the pith of the stems; it changes into a pupa in June,
and the imago appears in July (Westwood, Classif. i. p. 294); the larva of M.
pumila is remarkable for having strongly raised prominences on the front abdominal
segments.

I. Thorax wholly or in part yellowish, yellowish-brown or
reddish.

i. Elytra unicolorous black; thorax of male black with

> base browuish-yellow, of female bright red; abdomen

red; intermediate tibial spurs obsolete and scarcely

visible (s.g. Mordellochroa, Emery) ht ee

ii. Elytra black with yellow patches at shoulders, often

extended down the sides; disc of thorax atleast dark ;

abdomen black... 6 «9... »%,*..*, -4..% eee ©, ake A ee

v. lateralis, Ol.

M. aBpominatis, 2’.

iii, Upper surf 'ce entirely yellowish-brown, often obscurely
darker towards apex of elytra; under surface con-
colorous with the upper, or with the abdomen, in part
at least, darker «..<...sje>) sue b dine» m& tite +p M BRUNNEA, FY,

II. Upper and under surface unicolorous black. :
ji. Thorax with the basal margin strongly sinuate on each
side, space between sinuation narrow and more strongly
produced before seutellum.
1. Process of pygidium long and sharp; posterior angles
of thorax more acutely produced ss «+o, M. PUMILA, Gylli
2. Process of pygidium short and blunt; posterior angles
of thorax less acutely produced . . . . . . « « M, BREVICAUDA, Boh.

ii. Thorax with the basal margin slightly sinuate on each
side, space between sinuation broad and less strongly
produced before scutellumn ; posterior angles of thorax fe
almost obtuse . 4 «+ = + a+ oe 0 «= » » M, PARvuza, Gyll.

v. inequalis, Muls.
~ (pusilla, Redt.)
M. abdominalis, F. (3 ventralis, F.; s. g. Mordellochroa, Emery).
Elongate, clothed with fine silky pubescence, very closely and finely
sculptured ; thorax broader than long, much narrowed in front, posterior
angles obtuse ; scutellum triangular ; elytra gradually narrowed behind,
somewhat longer in male than in female; anal process long and
pointed, black with the base red; claws feebly denticulate. L, 33-43

mm.

Male black, including thorax, except base, with the mouth, base of
antenna, tibial spurs and abdomen red or reddish-testaceous, the latter
fuscous in the middle; anterior femora and tibia brownish or yellowish-

Mordellistena.} HETEROMERA. 71

brown, the others black ; anterior tarsi yellow-testaceous, the others
partly reddish ; antenne with the fourth joint about one and a half
times as long as third ; maxillary palpi with the last joint securiform.

Female black, with the thorax and abdomen red or yellowish-red ;
mouth, base of antennz, anterior legs, and part of tarsi reddish-
testaceous ; antennz with the fourth joint scarcely longer than third ;
maxillary palpi with the last joint oblong, slightly securiform.

On flowers of Umbellifere, &c.; in and near woods; not common; Caterham,
Ripley, Mickleham, Coombe Wood, Darenth Wood, Chatham, Sevenoaks, Bearsted
near Maidstone, Cowfold, Guildford ; Strood; Wrabness, Essex; Abbots Wood;
Folkestone ; Hastings; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton ; Swansea.

™M. humeralis, L. Black, or fuscous, clothed with silky yellowish

_ pubescence, with the base of the antenne, front and sides of thorax, a

large patch at each shoulder, and the legs testaceous or rufo-testaceous ;
base of femora and part of posterior tibie and tarsi fuscous; the
pubescence, as Thomson observes, has a slight violaceous reflection ;
punctuation very fine; antenne moderately long; head transverse,
straight at base; thorax transverse, strongly bisinuate at base,
posterior angles obtuse but almost right angles; scutellum obtusely
triangular; elytra not as broad at base as thorax, gradually narrowed
behind, separately rounded obtusely at apex ; anal process long, slender
and pointed ; posterior tibiz with three fuscous strigosities before apex ;
claws slightly denticulate. L. 3-4 mm. .

Male with the last joint of the maxillary palpi almost triangularly
securiform, and the lateral border of thorax and spot at shoulders well
determined.

Female with the last joint of the maxillary palpi oblong-securiform,
and the yellow colour on thorax and elytra not well defined, thorax
sometimes entirely yellow (M. lateralis, pars).

On flowers of Umbellifere, &c.; rare; Esher and Claygate ; Sevenoaks, Brent-
ford, and Horsell (Power) ; Hertford; Maidstone eos, 3; Glanvilles Wootton,
very rare (Dale) ; Tewkesbury and Trench Woods (Blatch).

V. lateralis, Ol. (M. lateralis, auct.; variegata, F.). This variety,
which has by so many authors been regarded as a separate species, can
hardly be considered distinct ; the fuscous strigosities at the apex of the
posterior tibiz are a little shorter and Jess oblique, and the proportional

_ length of the third and fourth joints of the antenne is said to be different,

but the latter character is very uncertain ; the only real difference lies
in the colour, and this is so variable in both M. humeralis (especially in
the female) and M. lateralis that it can hardly be regarded as a distinc-
tive character ; the yellow spot at the shoulders of the elytra is extended
towards apex, and leaves only the suture and the sides dark, and the
dark colour of the thorax extends further along base; the antenne and
legs are entirely or almost entirely testaceous; sometimes the elytra
appear to be almost entirely yellow with the exception of the apex.

-L, 3-32 mm,

72 HETEROMERA. [ Mordellistena,

On flowers of Umbellifere, &c.; very local and, as 9 rule, scarce, but not so un-

common as the type form ; London district, not uncommon (Champion); Mickleham,
Caterham, Claygate, Ripley, Lee, Darenth Wood, Chatham, Sevenoaks, Bearsted
near Maidstone, Purley; Ryde (Power).

M. brunnea, F. (humeralis, var., Muls.; meridionalis, Costa).
Brownish-testaceo.is or rufous-brown, clothed with silky pubescence ;
antenne long, usually more or less fuscous towards apex ; head straight
at base, eyes large, black ; thorax about as long as broad, very finely
punctured, strongly bisinuate at base, posterior angles obtuse ; elytra
gradually narrowed behind, very closely, and finely, but somewhat dis-
tinctly sculptured ; anal process long, slender and pointed; legs tes-
taceous, posterior tibie and first and second joints of posterior tarsi with
fuscous strigosities ; the apex of elytra and abdomen are often more or
less infuscate, and a variety occurs in which the elytra are entirely
fuscous-black, the head and thorax obscurely testaceous and the abdomen
brown. L. 33-4} mm.

On flowers of Umbellifere, &c.; I have also taken it early in August by beating
high hawthorn hedges ; very local and, as a rule, scarce; London district, not un-
eommon, Claygate, Coombe Wood, Ripley, Forest Hill, Croydon, Chatham, Horsell,
Eltham, Darenth Wood, Crohamhurst near Godalming; Hertford; Ashwicken,
Cambridgeshire; New Forest; Swansea (on hawthorn); Bircham Newton, Norfolk

(a few specimens beaten by myself from a hawthorn hedge, Aug. 1877) ; Bewdley
Forest (Blatch).

M. pumila, Gyll. (stricta, Costa). Elongate, narrow and linear,
black, somewhat shining, clothed with very fine silky pubescence, which
has a violet reflection; antenne black, rather long, with the second and
third joints about equal; thorax as long as broad, with the base strongly
bisinuate and produced in a slightly emarginate lobe before scutellum,
posterior angles somewhat acute ; elytra narrow, subparallel, compressed
laterally, very closely sculptured ; anal process long, slender and pointed;
legs black, posterior tibiz and joints of tarsi with distinct obliqu
strigosities. L. 3-4 mm. -

_ Male smaller and narrower, with the fourth joint of the antenne
much narrower than the fifth. |

Female a little broader, with the fourth joint of the antenne a little
narrower than the fifth. ;

By sweeping flowers, &e. ; not uncommon locally ; London district, common, —

Shirley, Caterham, Mickleham, Reigate, Ripley, Coombe Wood, Birch Wood,
Darenth Wood, Chatham, Sheerness, Bearsted near Maidstone; Bushey ; Hertford ;
Wrabness, Essex; Folkestone; Hastings district, Bopeep (in plenty Aug. 1867
(Power) ), &c.; Eastbourne; Isle of Wight; Glanvilles. Wootton ; Nettlecomb,
Somerset; Devon, Barnstaple and other localities; Swansea; Horning Fen and
Aylsham, Norfolk; I know of no record from further north, or from the midland
counties.

M. brevicauda, Boh. (subiruncata, Muls.). Closely allied to the
preceding, which it resembles in colour and general appearance, but less
shining, with the thorax a little shorter and less strongly sinuate on each

Mordellistena. | HHETEROMERA. 73

side at base, and the posterior angles not acute; the chief character,
however, lies in the anal spine, which is short and blunt and more or
less truncate at apex; the posterior tibi#, moreover, are marked with
four oblique strigosities instead of with three only as in M. pumila. L.
3-4 mm.

_ On flowers, &c.; especially in chalky districts ; very local, but occasionally common

where found; Mickleham, Reigate, Caterham, Maidstone, Chatham ; Folkestone ;
Eastbourne ; it appears to be confined to the London and South-eastern counties.

_ MM. parvula, Gyll.; v. inequalis, Muls. Smaller than the two pre-
ceding, which it resembles in colour and general appearance ; it is easily
distinguished from both by its plainer and coarser pubescence and the
very slight sinuation at each side of base of thorax, the space between
the sinuations being much broader and shorter; in the type form the
posterior angles of the thorax are obtusely rounded, and the anal process
is thick, conical and acuminate, about half as long again as the anus or
hypopygidium ; the var. inequalis, however, appears to be the only
variety of the species that occurs in Britain, and this has the anal process
twice as long as the hypopygidium, and the posterior angles of the
thorax scarcely rounded, the size also being a little larger; the posterior
tibie are furnished with three strongly oblique strigosities, the first
being very large and traversing almost the whole side of the tibia. L.

On Artemisia maritima, and probably on A. vulgaris; rarely on flowers; very
local, but occasionally taken in numbers; Weybridge; Thames Ditton; Bushey ;
Sheerness (in abundance, Champion and Walker); Deal; Folkestone; Sandown;
Hants; Glanvilles Wootton.

It is worthy of note that not a single species of the Mordellide,
except those belonging to the genus Anaspis, has been recorded from
further north than the midland counties, and the majority are confined
to the southern districts.

ANASPINA.

The species belonging to this tribe are small and delicate insects,
without an anal style ; the body is rather fusiform than cuneiform or
wedge-shaped as in the Mordellina ; the hind coxz are not very large;
the posterior tibie are armed with strong spurs ; the thorax has the sides
not margined in front; the eyes are slightly emarginate and coarsely
granulated, and the elytra have the epipleure, which in the preceding
tribe.are absent, narrow but evident; three genera, Pentaria, Cyrta-
naspis, and Anaspis, are found in Europe, the latter of which is repre-
sented in Britain by several species.

ANASPIS, Geoffroy.

About seventy species are comprised in this genus, of which thirty-

nine or forty are found in Europe, and nearly all the remainder in North

America and Northern Asia; the Australian region has furnished one
species ; the characters given for the tribe will serve to distinguish the

74 HETEROMERAs , [Anaspis.

genus ; the antenne are filiform, or slightly moniliform towards apex,
with the third joint elongate ; the seutellum is triangular, and the elytra
finely strigose transversely; the species are found in flowers, and are
very variable in colour ; the appendages or “ laciniw ”’ of the third ventral
segment in the male present very important distinguishing characters.

The larva of A. flava is described and figured by Perris (Larves des Coléoptéres,
p- 335, pl. x. f, 363) ; it is 6 mm, in length, white with the head reddish ; the head is
quadrate, with comparatively long antenne, and the prothorax is also subquadrate,
longer than the following segments; the last segment is long and very deeply bifid,
the lobes being each terminated by a hook which is long and sharp and curves back-
ward over the segment; there is a small anal appendage invisible from above, which
serves as a proleg.

I Thorax black.
i. Elytra black, unicolorous.
1. Antenne: longer, with joints 6-10 increasing
gradually in length, not moniliform.
A. Intermediate and posterior femora entirely, or
almost entirely, black.
a, Forehead, in part at least, yellow; size
larger; apical appendages of third ventral
segment in male narrow, curved inwards
towards apex, but not widely separated . . A. FRONTALIS, LD,
b. Forehead black; size smaller; apical
appendages of third ventral segment in
male narrow and parallel, . . . °. . . A. PULICARIA, Coséa.
( foreipata, Muls.)
B. Intermediate femora entirely, and posterior
femora almost entirely, yellow ; apical appen-
dages of third ventral segment in male short
and stout and strongly curved inwards, enclos-
ing an almost circular space . . . . . . A. GARNEYsI, Fowler.
2. Antennz shorter with joints 6-9 subglobose in
the male and submoniliform in the female, of
about equal size, scarcely as long as broad or
transverse.
A. Average size larger; last joint of antenne
proportionately shorter ; male with two linear
appendages reaching from the third to the fifth
ventral segments of abdomen , . . . . - A. RUFILABRIS, Gy/l.
B. Average size smaller ; last joint of antenne ;
proportionately longer; male without appen-
dages to the third ventral segment of abdomen A. MELANOSTOMA, Costa,
(monilicornis, Muls.)
ii. Elytra black, with a bright yellow patch at each
shoulder; antennz long, not moniliform . . . A. GEoFFROYI, Miill.
II. Thorax red or testaceous.
i. Antenne longer, with the penultimate joints
longer than broad, at all events in the male.
1, Elytra and head black. . . . «. + + + «A. BUFICOLLIS, Ff.
2, Elytra and head testaceous or brownish-testa-
ceous, the former sometimes darker towards apex
and bases. oC) PS cel ele w=!) 04 el, of Ap: BUBDRSTACEA,. Steph,
ii, Antenne shorter with the penultimate joints moni-
liform, transverse or subtransverse in both sexes;
head red or testaceous,

ee ee

Anaspis. | ' HETEROMERA. 75
1. Elytra variable in colour, blackish or brownish, :
but without'spote. 2. 05 1. 1 ee te A. Prava, L.
(v. thoracica, L.)
eur ee sts So ta et ole . A. MACULATA, Foure.

A. frontalis, L. (assimilis, Snell.). Elongate, subfusiform, black,

clothed with very fine fuscous-grey silky: pubescence, with the base of

the antennz, front of head, and the anterior legs, except more or less of
upper margin, yellow or reddish-yellow; the whole of the cox are often
more or less ferruginous ; head very finely punctured, antenne rather

long, with joints 6-10 gradually increasing in length and not moniliform;

thorax not much broader than long, narrowed in front, with the pos-
terior angles almost right angles, sculpture very fine; elytra transversely
strigose, the sculpture being distinct, but finer than in the allied species

and much stronger than that of thorax; tibial spurs testaceous. L.

23-4 mm.

Male with the antenne longer than in female, the anterior tarsi with
the first joint transverse, slightly dilated, and the second and third
joints oblong, strongly dilated ; the third ventral segment of the abdo-
men is narrowly emarginate in the middle, and is furnished with two
narrow lacinie or appendages which are approximate at base, and gradu-
ally diverge and curve inwards towards each other at apex; these

- appendages almost reach the apex of the abdomen.

Female with the antennz slightly thickened towards apex, abdomen
simple.
On flowers of white-thorn, by sweeping among grass, &c.; common and generally

. distributed throughout the kingdom.

The yellow colour of the front of the head is variable, extending some-
times over a greater and sometimes a lesser extent of surface; a
variety occurs on the Continent (A. lateralis, F., nee Thoms.), in which
the yellow colour extends to the front and sides of thorax; I have not,
however, seen any British examples.

A. Garneysi, Fowler. In size, shape, and general appearance closely
resembling A. frontalis, from which it may be known by the somewhat
longer and more slender antenne and more evident sculpture, which is

_ intermediate between that of A. frontalisand A. rufilabris ; the legs also

are differently coloured, the anterior pair being clear yellow, with the
exception of the apex of the femora which is dusky above; the inter-
mediate and posterior femora are also entirely, or almost entirely, yellow,
the tibiz being more or less variegated; the tarsi are fuscous; the
antennz are long.and slender with the joints much longer than broad;
the thorax is scarcely broader at base than its length from base to
apex ; the chief difference, however, lies in the male characters ; in this
sex the third segment is much elongated, and is furnished with two rather
stout and’ widely separated appendages, which are strongly curved

76 | HETEROMERA, [Anaspis.

inwards towards one another, and enclose between them an almost
circular smooth and shiny space ; these appendages reach quite to the

apex or extend a little beyond it; the anterior tarsi are not strongly -

dilated. L. 23-3} mm.

On flowers, &c,; taken in some numbers by Dr. Power at Ditton, Horsell, Cowley,
and Claygate, and set aside by him as a new species under the name of A. variegata,
but never, apparently, described ; as, however, there is already a Mordellistena varie-
gata, F., I have, in order to avoid confusion, adopted a new name, and called it after
the late Mr. W. Garneys, a mutual friend of Dr. Power and myself, to whom I owe
the fact that I ever studied Coleoptera at all. Mr. Blatch has, I believe, taken it at
Tewkesbury. The only species I can find which may compare with this one is A.
nigripes, Bris., which also has the ventral appendages in the male strongly
divergent and curved, but in this species, as its name implies, the legs are entirely or
almost entirely black, the thorax is shorter and the appendages narrower.

A. pulicaria, Costa (/orcipata, Muls.). Smaller than any of the
‘other black species; in general appearance resembling a small dA.
frontalis, from which it may be known by its lesser size, and the
characters of the male, in which sex the lacinie of the third segment are
rather short, straight and parallel, and not curved inwards towards one
another at apex ; the male characters and the darker legs (the anterior
pair alone being mostly yellow, and the rest black) will distinguish it
from A. Garneyst, and the finer sculpture and less moniliform antennze
will separate it from A. rufilabris. L. 13-2$ mm.

On flowers, &c.; locally common; Shirley, Mickleham, Esher, Darenth Wood,
Chatham, Chingford, Dulwich, West Wickham, Cowley, &.; Dover; Hastings ;
Brockenhurst; Glanvilles Wootton ; South Wales; Needwood, near Burton-on-Trent ;
Repton; Northumberland district, Wallington. In Dr. Power’s collection there are
some very small specimens taken at Esher; the species has not been recorded from
Scotland or Ireland, but has probably been overlooked in many localities.

A. rufilabris, Gyll. (atva, F.; s.g. Nasipa, Emery). Elongate,
subfusiform, black, or pitchy black, clothed with brownish or greyish
silky pubescence, with the labrum, base of antenna, and tibial spurs
testaceous, and the greater part of the anterior legs, and the posterior
pair in part, rufescent or pitchy; antenne short, moniliform, more
strongly so in male than in female ; thorax about one-third broader than
long, evidently strigose, especially at sides, with the posterior angles
somewhat acute ; elytra distinctly and comparatively strongly strigose
transversely; in some specimens the legs are black or nearly black, and
in others the greater part of the head and sides of thorax are pitchy or
even reddish. L. 23-3} mm.

Male with the anterior tarsi with the first joint transverse, slightly
dilated, and the second and third joints strongly dilated, and with the
third ventral segment of the abdomen furnished in middle with two
nearly straight lacinisz, approximate at base, and slightly divergent
behind, not reaching the apex of abdomen,

Female with the tarsi not dilated, and the abdominal segments
simple,

i a haa

- ro

ae re

a
av

Anaspis.] HETEROMERA. 77

On flowers, &e, ; occasionally by beating dead twigs; local, but not uncommon
in many districts, although, apparently, often overlooked ; Darenth Wood, Leith
Hill, Mickleham, Cowley ; Portsea; New Forest ; Glanvilles Wootton; Sutton
Park and Solihull, near Birmingham ; Repton, Bretby Wood (on wild cherry blossom) ;
Duvham Park, Manchester ; Northumberland and Durham district, Wallington and
several other localities ; Scotland, common in flowers, Solway, Tay, Dee, Moray, and
probably other districts; it is most likely not uncommon in Ireland, and may be con-
sidered to be generally distributed, although somewhat local, throughout the greater
part of the kingdom.

This species much resembles A. frontalis, but may be known by its
shorter and stouter moniliform antennez, and evidently stronger sculp-
ture, as well as by the straighter and narrower appendages of the third
ventral segment in the male.

A. melanostoma, Costa (monilicornis, Muls.; s.g. Nasipa,
Emery). Very like the preceding, but less elongate, and distinguished
by having the thorax not or scarcely strigose, and the sculpture of the
elytra very obsolete, as well as by the fact that the third ventral seg-
ment of the abdomen in the male bears no laciniz, being simple as in
the female ; the antenne are rather stout and moniliform, with the
second joint small, and joints 5-10 subtransverse ; the thorax, moreover,
is shorter than in A. rufilabris, and has the posterior angles less acute
and more nearly right angles ; the formation of the antennz and the
absence of ventral appendages in the male will separate it from A.
frontalis ; the colour of the legs is somewhat variable ; in the male the
fifth ventral segment is split to base, and the anterior tarsi are dilated.
L. 23-3 mm. : ,

On flowers, &c. ; one specimen in Dr. Power’s collection taken at Darenth Wood on
June 3, 1860; many years ago Mr. Crotch expressed it as his opinion that it would
occur in Britain; it appears to be found in most of the districts of France, and is
rare, according to Thomson, in Norway and Sweden ; it is very likely not uncommon

‘in Britain, and may often have been passed over partly through its likeness to
A, frontalis, and partly owing to the difficulty of determination occasioned by the
absence of the appendagesin male; the split fifth segment, however, is a good character ;
Mr. Crotch considers Thomson’s character of the nearly smooth thorax and obsoletely
strigose elytra to require further confirmation, and adds, as an additional character to
separate itfrom 4. rufilabris, the fact that the first joint of the anterior tarsi is equal
to the second, whereas in the last-named species it is much shorter.

A. Geoffroyi, Miill. (j/asciata, Forst.; humeralis, F.; biguttata,
Rossi). Black, with alarge bright yellow patch at each shoulder, which
varies in size and sometimes covers the greater part of the elytra; occa-
sionally there is a small spot also behind the middle of each elytron ;
the pubescence is more scanty than is usually the case in the species
belonging to the genus; antennz long, somewhat thickened towards
apex, not moniliform, black with the base yellow, mouth and palpi
yellow ; thorax transverse, very finely sculptured ; elytra very finely and
closely strigose transversely ; legs variable, dark or more or less testa-
ceous. L.23-3mm. ~

Male without lacinie at apex of third ventral segment of abdomen,

78 HETEROMERA. [ Anaspis.

and with the fourth segment produced in the middle behind and the fifth
deeply cleft ; anterior tarsi moderately dilated.

On flowers, &c.; local and not uncommon in some districts; London district, rather
common, Darenth Wood, Mickleham, Penge, Ripley, Forest Hill, Dulwich, ’Ching-
ford, West Wickham, Chatham, Sheerness, &c.; Dover; Hastings ; ; Porteea,s New
Forest ; Glanvilles Wootton; Bristcl; Swansea ; Hertford ; Cambridge ; Norfolk ;
Suffolk ; Midland districts, generally "distributed ; Lincoln ; Whitby ; Manchester;
Northumberland and Durham district, rare, but ‘widely distributed ; Scotland, not
common, Solway, Tweed, Forth, and probably other districts.

A. ruficollis, F. Black, thickly clothed with silky greyish
pubescence, with the mouth parts, base of antennz, thorax, and the

greater part of the legs reddish-testaceous ; the tarsi, apex of tibie and —

sometimes part of femora are infuscate ; thorax broader than long, very
finely strigose transversely ; elytra subparallel, bluntly rounded at apex,
rather more strongly strigose than thorax; the antenne are longer in —
male than in the female, ‘and in both sexes are comparatively long ;
the latter the penultimate joints are as long as broad, and in the feuhlee
they are evidently longer than broad ; the head is said to be occasionally
rufous, but I have seen no British specimens of this variety. LL. 23-3}
mm.

Male with the third ventral segment of the abdomen strongly and
broadly produced and narrowly emarginate at apex, with appendages
reaching the fifth segment and curved internally, fourth segment with
two smaller appendages ; anterior tarsi scarcely dilated.

On flowers of white-thorn ; common and generally distributed throughout Eng’ aaa
and Wales, but probably less common towards the north, as it appears to be ‘only
occasional in Scotland, where it l-as hitherto oecurred solely i in the Solway and Forth

districts, although it most likely will be found throughout the southern counties ;
Ireland, Dublin, Armagh, Belfast, and probably general.

A. flava, L., v. thoracica, L. (flava, Thoms.; s.g. Nastipa, Emery).
Elongate, yellow, or yellow-testaceous, with the apical portion of the
antennz, and the breast and abdomen, blackish or pitchy black ; elytra
variable, in our British specimens pitchy black or pitchy yellow brown ;
in the type form they are yellow, or yellow with apex broadly or nar-
rowly fuscous; the legs also are variable in colour, being usually entirely
yellow, but sometimes more or less fuscous, especially the posterior pair ;
the antenne are short, thickened towards apex and with the penultimate
joints distinctly moniliform; the thorax is nearly as long as broad, very
finely sculptured, with the posterior angles slightly obtuse ; the elytra
are very finely, but distinctly, strigose transversely ; the upper surface is
clothed with rather strong silky yellowish pubescence. I. 22—-3/ mm.

Male with the abdomen without appendages, the fifth segment cleft,
and the anterior tarsi dilated.

On flowers, &c.; local, but somewhat widely distributed; London district, not
uncommon, Ripley (Surrey), Darenth Wood, Claygate; Thames Ditton; Hastings;

New Forest; Devon; Knowle, near Birmingham; Repton; Northumberland and
Durham district, apparently rare; Scotland, rare, Solway district.

Anaspis.| HETEROMERA. 79

There is a considerable amount cf confusion with regard to this species,
and, as far as I know, we only possess as British the variety thoracica, L.,
which has the head and thorax testaceous yellow and the elytra dark;
it resembles A. ruficollis, but the latter species has the head black ; it

- is possible that the variety of this latter species with the head red, which
has not yet been recorded as British, may be standing in some collec-
tions under A. thoracica ; if so, it may be known by its longer antenne,
which are not moniliform, shorter thorax, and the presence of appendages
in the male ; it is also quite possible that the type A. fava may be con-
fused with A. subtestacea; the antenne, however, of this latter species
are much longer and not moniliform, with the penultimate joints dis-
tinctly longer than broad, and the male characters are different; Mul-
sant (Coléoptéres de France, Longipédes, p. 116 and 113) much increases
the confusion by completely separating A. thoracica from A. fava, on
the ground that the former has the penultimate joints of the antenne in
the male distinctly longer than broad, and in the female scarcely, if at
all, transverse ; it is obvious, therefore, that Mulsant’s A. thoracica cannot
be the same as the insect which we ordinarily consider as the A.
thoracica of Linné, and that it stands in fact ir the genus Anaspis
proper, and not in the sub-genus asipa of Emery, in which the latter
author places A. flava ; Emery (Essai Monographique sur les Mordellides,
p. 21, L’Abeille, tome xiv.) refers the A. thoracica of Mulsant at all
events in part to A. confusa,a new species of his own; this is very
likely the true explanation of the difficulty, and as it is very probable
that this species occurs in Britain (the localities given being Europe
boréale et moyenne), it may perhaps be of service to append his
description.

(A. confusa, Emery (A. thoracica, Muls., Longipéd , p. 110 (ex parte).
—A. lateralis, Thoms. Skand. Col. vi. p. 302, ¢).

Black, silky, with the head, thorax, base of antennz, and legs rufo-
testaceous, posterior femora usually fuscescent; thorax not one and a
half times broader than long; antennez with the joints gradually and
slightly narrowed towards apex, with the penultimate joints feebly sub-
conical in the male, and more distinctly so in the female. L. 23-32
mm.

Male with the third segment of the abdomen produced behind, with
the appendages approximate, and nearly straight at base, and slightly
curved inwards at apex, passing beyond the apex of the abdomen, fourth
segment small, with less conspicuous, depressed appendages, fifth seg-
ment foveolate, incised at apex.)

M. Emery is also of opinion that a portion of Mulsani’s A. thoracica
may perhaps have to be referred to his A. Uoste, a species of his sub-
genus Nasipa, which closely resembles A. flava, but differs in having
the fourth segment of the abdomen in the male furnished with
appendages, which are longer than in any other species of Axaspis,
and reach ‘to the apex of the appendages of the third segment;

80 HETEROMERA, [Anaspis,

it also has the thorax a little broader, and the antennze more evidently
moniliform, but these are scarcely appreciable differences.

I have at some length discussed the question of A. thoracica, as it
will serve to show the difficulties that are to be found in the genus
Anaspis ; if any student would thoroughly take up the question and work
it, he might probably add three or four more of the recognized species
belonging to the genus to the British list.

A. subtestacea, Steph. Testaceous or fusco-testaceous, with th
apex of the antennz, or the whole of the antenney, except base, and also
the abdomen, and sometimes base and apex of elytra dark ; occasionally
the abdomen is in part or wholly testaceous; pubescence fine and rather
close ; antenne rather long, not moniliform, with all the joints evidently
longer than broad; thorax nearly as long as broad, very finely sculp-
tured, posterior angles not obtuse, almost right angles; elytra rather
long, somewhat pointed at apex, very finely strigose transversely, the
sculpture being nearly as fine as on thorax; legs testaceous. LL. 3-35
mm. : |

Male characters peculiar, the second ventral segment of the abdomen
being furnished with two linear appendages, which are very long; from the
apex of the third segment there arises a vertical plate furnished with a
tooth beneath, and divided behind into two lobes which reach the apex
of the fifth segment ; the fourth segment bears two short appendages,
and the fifth is deeply cleft and bilobed ; the anterior tarsi are dilated.

On flowers, &c.; local, but not uncommon in many districts; London district
rather common, Sevenoaks, Darenth Wood, Croydon, Caterham, Shirley, Coombe
Wood, Forest Hill, Birch Wood, West Wickham, Crohamhurst, &c.; Suffolk ;
Hastings ; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton; Devon; South Wales; Tewkesbury ;
Knowle; Buddon Wood, Leicestershire; Repton, Burton-on-Trent; Dunham Park,
Manchester; Northumberland and Durham district, rather uncommon (Bold); not
recorded from Scotland or Ireland.

A. maculata, Fourc. (melanopa, Forst.; obseura, Marsh. ; bipunctata,
Bon. ; pallida, Marsh.). Pale testuceous, clothed with fine silky yellowish-
grey pubescence, with the apex of the antenne, breast and abdomen
black ; the scutellary region, a common sutural spot at apex and a round
or transverse patch on the disc of each elytron before middle are more or

less plainly fuscous ; in some specimens the spots before middle are alone -

present (v. bipwnctata, Bon.), and in others all the spots are absent (v. pal-
lida; Marsh.) ; the antennz are considerably thickened towards apex, with
the penultimate joints moniliform and transverse or subtransverse ; thorax
a little broader than long, very finely sculptured, with the posterior
angles almost right angles ; elytra very closely and finely strigose trans-
versely ; legs pale testaceous. L. 2}-3 mm.

Male with the anterior tarsi dilated, and with the third segment of
the abdomen produced in middle and furnished with two appendages
which are approximate, and reach the apex of the abdomen; fourth seg-
ment short, emarginate in middle; fifth segment foveolate in the middle
and slightly emarginate at apex.

x
g
7

Anaspis.] HETEROMERA, 81

On flowers of white-thorn, &.; it has also been bred from woody excrescences
on the trunks of birch trees; common and generally distributed thratahont the
kingdom.

The chief season for the genus appears to be at the end of May and
the beginning of June, when the white-thorn is in blossom ; in fact all
blossoming trees appear at this season of the year to attract certain of the
species in profusion.

RHIPIDOPHORIDZ.

About fifteen genera and one hundred species belong to this genus ;
they are widely distributed throughout the greater part of the world,
both in tropical and temperate countries, and range from Siberia to
South Africa, India, and Brazil ; seven genera represented by thirteen
species occur in Eurgpe, of which one only is found in Britain; the
family forms the second group of Mulsant’s Longipédes, the first group
being the Mordellides; some authors have included them in a tribe
under the family Mordellide; certain of the genera are in the larval
state parasitic upon Hymenopterous insects, and Rhipidius pectinicornis,
a continental species, is parasitic on the orthopterous Blatia germanica.

Tbe following are some of the chief characteristics of the family :-—
Elytra narrow and acuminate, strongly divaricate at apex, not covering
the wings ; head vertical, strongly constricted behind eyes, which are
oval and entire; antennz 11-jointed (except in certain females in which
they are 10-jointed), pectinate or flabellate in the males, often serrate in
the females; thorax as broad at base as elytra ; scutellum hidden or almust
hidden; mesosternum short, metasternum large; legs, as a rule, long,
anterior coxe large, conical, and contiguous, spurs of tibie usually dis-
tinct ; claws bifid at apex.

METG&CUS, Gersticker.

This genus contains only one species, which has by some authors
been included under Rhipiduphorus ( Rhipiphorus) ; it appears to be
very variable, no less than nine varieties being mentioned by Heyden,
Reitter, and Weise in the last European catalogue. Besides the
characters above given the following may be mentioned for the genus :—
Head small, deflexed, almost flat on its upper surface, antenne inserted
on small frontal protuberances between the eyes, which are small ;
thorax very deeply and broadly channelled in centre, and produced at
base into a very strong lobe which covers the large scutellum ; inter-
mediate coxe distant; anterior tibie without distinct spurs; tarsi
longer than the tibiez, with large bifid claws; abdomen with six visible
ventral segments; the larva of M. paradoxus is found in the cells of
wasps’ nests, and it is probable that the female deposits her eggs in the
already formed cells, her abdomen being long and acuminated and suited
to the purpose.

VOL. V. ' G

82 HETEROMERA. [ Metecus.

The life history of M. paradoxus will be found very fully dis-

cussed in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for October,

1870, by Dr. Algernon Chapman, to whom I am indebted for the
following observations :—The young larva appears to resemble the young
campodeiform larva of Meloé , it is a little black hexapod, about $ mm.
in length, broadest about the fourth segment and tapering to a point at
the tail; the head is triangular with a pair of 3-jointed antennz,
and the legs are much like those of the larva of Meloé ; the tibie end
in two or three claws, which support and are obscured by a large trans-
parent pulvillus or sucker of about twice their length ; each abdominal
segment is furnished with a very short lateral spine pointing backwards,
and the last segment is terminated by a large double sucker similar to
those of the legs; the history of the laying of the egg and of the way
in which the young larva enters the wasps’ nest does not appear as yet
to be fully understood, and, as far as I know, no wasp has been
observed infested by the larvee of Metacus, as the Andrene are by the
young Meloé larva; we do know, however, that when the young larva
in the wasps’ nest finds a wasp grub suited to its taste, it makes its way
into the interior, probably entering at the back of the second or third
segment ; after feeding within the larva and largely increasing in size
(3 to 4 mm.), it emerges from the body of its victim and easts its skin ;
after this it becomes shorter and thicker and loses length by the
curving forwards of the head, which is very marked in the full-grown
larva, and does not exist before its emergence from the wasp’s body ; at this
stage the larva is found lying like a collar immediately under the head
of the wasp grub, and it is attached to it by the head, and appears to
feed upon its juices; when it has reached a length of 6 mm. it changes
its skin for a second time, and gradually the whole of the wasp larva,
even to the head and jaws, disappears, being devoured by the voracious
parasite ; the perfect beetles emerge about two days after the wasps in
the same row of cells, and it is a curious fact that the wasps, which ap-
pear to investigate everything that appears unusual in the cells, with a
view to remove any dead pup, are, apparently, quite as satisfied with
a living Metecus larva as with one of their own pupe; the full-grown
larva, as described by Dr. Chapman, is very like a Crabro or Pemphredon
larva; it is of a whitish colour, much flattened, especially in front, with
a very small head and with the last two segments smaller than the rest,
the last being the smallest and apparently divided into two and
furnished with a very distinct rounded anal tubercle ; several of the
other segments are also armed with tubercles, which appear to assist in
holding the wasp grub; the length is 11 mm.

The larva of Rhipidophorus bimaculatus, F. (Emenadia larvata, Schrank.), has
been found in the root and stem of Eryngium campestre, which it perforates in a
vertical direction; the female lays her eggs in the neck of the root, and the larva
hatches in March; the insect, when full grown, works its way out of the stem about

the end of June, and forms a cocoon, about the size of a nut, attached to the stem, in
which it changes to a pupa; the perfect insect appears in July ; the habits of this

SS ee

Metecus. | _ -HETEROMERA. 83

insect (which has not occurred in Britain) are, therefore, apparently totally different
to those of M. paradoxzus; Professor Westwood, however, is of opinion that the larva
may after all be parasitic upon some other larva which resides in the stems of the

Eryngium,

™M. paradoxus, L.(¢ v. apicalis, Gradl.). Moderately elongate,
rather dull, black, with the sides of the thorax broadly yellow, elytra
testaceous with the apex black in male, black in the female; head
defiexed, almost flat, closely punctured, antenne varying in the sexes ;
thorax a little narrower in front than the head, produced in a strong
lobe over scutellum, with a very broad and deep central furrow, which
is smooth, sides and other parts closely punctured ; elytra very strongly
narrowed and divaricate towards apex, closely and somewhat asperateiy
punctured, with the shoulders well marked; legs black, elongate, spurs
of tibize and claws red-or testaceous. L. 10-12 mm.

Male with the elytra testaceous, black at apex, the antenne bipec-
tinate, the sixth segment of the abdomen conspicuous, and the anterior
femora obtusely toothed beneath in middle.

. Female with the elytra black, sometimes yellow at shoulders, the
antennz simply pectinate, and the abdomen yellow with. the sixth seg-
ment not conspicuous,

In the nests of Vespa vulgaris and V. rufa; rarely found on flowers ; rare ; Coombe
Wood and Godstone, Surrey (Stephens); Cambridge ; Netley; Glanvilles Wootton,
very rare; Llangollen; Monmouth and Hereford district; Leominster (Mrs.
Hutchinson) ; Redditch ; Repton ; Scarborough; Selby, near Leeds ; Northumberla.d
and Durham district, not common; Scotland, very rare, Clyde aud Forth districts.

ANTHICIDZ.

- The characteristics of this family, as here constituted, may be de-
scribed as follows :—Head rather large, deflexed, strongly constricted ai
some distance behind the eyes, which are elliptical and entire, and
rather coarsely granulated ; antenne filiform ; maxillary palpi with
the last joint securiform ; neck very small, punctiform ; thorax narrower
at base than elytra, with the sides not margined, narrowed towards
base ; elytra not striated, pygidium somewhat exposed ; abdomen com-
posed of five free ventral segments, the first being much longer than
the second ; posterior cox somewhat distant, intermediate coxe almost
contiguous, but separated at apex; tarsi with the penultimate joints
bilobed, claws simple ; species small,

The iamily contains about a dozen genera and between four and five

- hundred species ; of these, however, considerably more than half belong

to the genus Anthicus ; they are very widely distributed throughout the
world from Siberia to the Australian region ; they appear, however, to
occur-in greater numbers in temperate than in tropical countries; seven
genera, represented by about one hundred and fifty species, occur in
Europe ; of these two genera and ten species are found in Britain.

oa G 2

84 HETEROMERA, [Anthicide,

I, Thorax prolonged over the head into a stoué horn; last joint

of antennz longer . . Nortoxvs, Geoff. —
Il. Thorax not prolonged over the head into a horn ; “Jast joint
of antenne shorter. . . . s » © © s «© © © « » « ANTHIOUS, Fase

NOTOXUS, Geoffroy.

The species belonging to this genus may be easily known by the
peculiar prolongation of the anterior portion of the thorax over the
head into a strong horn,* and the longer last joint of the antenne; they
are about fifty in number, and are very widely distributed, represen-
tatives occurring in North America, Siberia and Central Asia, Egypt,
Algeria and the Cape of Good Hope, the Australian region, &c.; of the
thirteen European species only one is found in Britain ; it is a very
common insect in sandhills near the coast in many localities.

N. monoceros, L. Moderately convex, clothed with scanty villose
whitish pubescence, rather shining, rufo-testaceous, with the head,
thoracic horn and more or less of thorax fuscous-black or fuscous, and
the elytra with varying black spots or markings ; as a rule, the scutel-
lary region, a patch on each side often confluent with this, the middle
of suture, and a patch on each side behind middle are black ; the mark-
ings, however, are very variable, and a not uncommon variety occurs in
which the elytra are entirely black except apex; head rather large,
narrowed behind, antennze long, filiform, rufo-testaceous ; thorax convex,
rounded in front and narrowed behind, with the horn obsoletely serrate
at sides, thickly punctured; elytra subparallel, truncate at apex,
closely and distinctly punctured ; legs moderately long, rufo-testaceous.
L. 33-4 mm.

Male with the thoracic horn more parallel-sided than in the female.

Sandy places; at roots of grass, in moss, &c., both inland and on the coast ; some-
what local, but not uncommon and widely distributed ; Stephens records it as found
in lanes on oaks; I have only found it on sandhills near the sea. London district,
not uncommon, Shirley, Wisley, Woking, Richmond, Coombe Wood, Blackheath,
Southend, Whitstable ; Clacton-on-Sea; Deal; Dover; Hastings; Portsea; Ports-
mouth; Burzham, Somerset, in profusion; Bristol; Kidderminster ; Bewdley ; ;

Swansea ; Barmouth ; Harwich; Cromer; Hunstanton ; Mablethorpe, Lincolnshire : ;
Banks of Irwell, Manchester ; Liverpool district ; Scotland, maritime, Tweed and

Forth districts.
ANTHICUS, Paykull.

This is a very large and extensive genus, containing more than three
hundred species, which appear to be found in almost all quarters of the
world ; no less than one hundred and fifty occur in Europe, of which
nine are represented in Britain; they are small insects, and at first sight
many of them bear a strong resemblance to certain species of ants by
reason of their large head and narrow thorax; they are very variable in
colour, a large number being unicolorous black or brown, and many
being rather brightly variegated with red or yellowish markings ; they

* Abnormal specimens occur rarely, in which the horn is divided and forked,

Anthicus. | HETEROMERA. 85

may at once be known from Notorus by not having the thorax produced
into a horn over the head, and by the shorter last joint of the antennz;
some of the unicolorous black species are rather difficult to distinguish ;
the genus is by certain authors divided up into several sub-genera.
I. Anterior -tibie not produced into a spine at apex
'; tibial spurs small or indistinct (An-
thicus, i. sp.).
i. Head rounded at base.
1. Front of thorax narrower, scarcely as broad as f
head ; sides less strongly narrowed behind . . A. HUMILIS, Germ.
oe Front of thorax broader, at least as broad as,
or broader than, head; sides more strongly and
suddenly narrowed behind 2-.° 4. SE, A. saLinus, Crotch.
ii. Head straight or almost straight at base. ;
1. Elytra reddish-brown or ligat brown at base,

A. Male with the-posterior tibiz not dilated ;
elytra rather flat, obsoletely impressed at base A. FLORALIs, L.

(v. quisquilius, Thoms.)
B. Male with the posterior tibie very strongly
and spathulately dilated externally at apex ;
elytra convex, not impressed at base. . . . A. INSTABILIS, Schmidt.
2. Elytra black or brownish-black, unicolorous or
with at most an obscurely lighter patch at
shoulders.

A. Form narrower ; thorax evidently longer than

broad.
a. Thorax shorter and broader; eyes larger;

Uo Sa aa - - . A. aneGusTatus, Curt.
b. Thorax longer and narrower ; eyes smaller;

TNE Ns at? av nia se, SES) “OS A. TERISTIS, Schmidt.

(v. Schaumi, Woll.)

B. Form broad and convex; thorax scarcely
MEME SEMI ROREL ot io Saal a he" a es A. scoticus, Rye.
3. Elytra black, with distinct and well-defined red
Soa aa lirgaliprea ng © ar sal le aan Pale A. ANTHEERINGS, DL.

If. Anterior tibiz produced into a strong spine at apex
externally ; all the tibial spurs rather large and quite
distinct ; size large; colour testaceous, with a small

) dark spot on each elytron (s.g- Eonius, Thoms.) . . A. BIMACULATUS, III.

_ A. humilis, Germ. (nigrinus, Zett.). Elongate, variable in colour,
the upper surface being entirely black or black-brown, unicolorous, or
with part of the thorax and one or two bands or patches on each elytron
ferruginous red or reddish-testaceous ; pubescence greyish, scanty but
comparatively coarse; headoval, moderately large, rounded at base,
rather strongly punctured; antennz long, reddish ; thorax subcordiform,
considerably longer than broad, but scarcely as broad as head, dilated
in front and narrowed behind, distinctly punctured, with two well-
marked tubercles at base ; scutellum triangular, very small ; elytra oval,
or elliptical, about three times as broad at base as base of thorax, with
close and deep punctuation ; legs testaceous, femora and more or less of
tibie dark. L. 2-3 mm.

86 HETEROMERA. [Anthicus.

Salt marshes; running about on wet mud; often beneath seaweed and flood refuse;
not uncommon locally ; Gravesend, Sheerness, Chatham, Whitstable, Southend ; Deal ;
Portsmouth ; Ryde; Lymington; Weymouth.

A. salinus, Crotch. Very closely allied to the preceding, from
which it may be distinguished by having the front of thorax broader,
at least as wide as, or wider than, head, with the sides more strongly
and suddenly narrowed behind, and also by its more delicate and close
punctuation ; colour unicolorous black, upper surface clothed with grey
pubescence ; thorax very closely and finely punctured, comparatively
dull; elytra more shiny, with the punctuation slightly rugose in parts;
legs reddish, with femora pitchy. L. 2-2} mm.

In salt marshes; very local, and asa rule rare ; Gravesend; Chatham; Lymington
Salterns (abundant in spring); Overton, Hampshire; Portsmouth district ; Portland.

A. floralis, L. Rufo-testaceous, rather shining, with the posterior
two-thirds of the elytra, and usually the head and abdomen, dark; the
femora and the disc of thorax are also often more or less infuscate,
so that the general colour is sometimes dark with the base of elytra,
-antenne, tibia and tarsi reddish; head straight or almost straight at
base, very finely punctured; antenne comparatively stout; thorax in
front about as broad as head, finely punctured, with two small tubercles
in the middle of its front portion separated by a more or less distinct
furrow which extends for a greater or less length on the disc of the
thorax ; elytra much broader at base than base of thorax, closely and
finely punctured, the punctuation being evidently finer than in most of
the allied species. L. 3-35 mm. .

Male with the pygidium convex and exserted.

In haystack refuse, manure heaps, hotbeds, &c.; often in gardens; generally dis-
tributed and common throughout England and Wales; it is probably generally dis-

tributed in at least the southern half of Scotland, but has only been recorded as yet
from the Forth district ; Ireland, Dublin and Belfast, and probably general.

V. quisquilius, Thoms. (basilaris, Say.). This variety, which by
Thomson and other authors is considered a separate species, differs from
the type in being less shining, and considerably more closely punctured,
and especially in having the two tubercles on the front of the thorax
absent; in other respects it almost exactly resembles the ordinary form ;
as it occurs with the type and appears to be quite as common and
generally distributed, and as, besides, the size of the tubercles in
A. floralis appears to be variable, I cannot but think that it must be
regarded as only a variety,

A. instabilis, Schmidt, Fuscous, pitchy-brown, or dark red-brown,
with the elytra lighter towards base; the colour, however, is variable,
as in the preceding species, and the specimens are lighter or darker ;
pubescence greyish, coarser and more distinct than in several of the
allied species ; head with the base slightly rounded, but not nearly as

Anthicus. | HETEROMERA. 87

much so as in the two first species, rather distinctly punctured, with a
smooth line in middle behind; antenne moderately long and slender,
red ; thorax in front at least as broad as head, much narrowed behind,
distinctly and not very closely punctured ; elytra oval, broadest about
middle, comparatively strongly punctured, with the shoulders almost
rounded; femora dark, tibiz and tarsi reddish-testaceous. L. 3-3} mm.

Male with the posterior tibie very strongly and spathulately dilated
externally at apex.

Salt marshes; in refuse, &c.; often beneath decaying seaweed ; locally common ;
Gravesend, Southend, Sheerness, Whitstable; Margate; Hastings; Sandown;
Southampton ; Wivenhoe.

A. angustatus, Curt. Pitchy or dark brown, with yellowish
pubescence which is very distinct and rather coarse ; head comparatively
long, rounded at base, somewhat produced before eyes, rather strongly
punctured, with a smooth, more or less interrupted, central line ; an-
tenne moderately long, red; base of head and thorax often red or
reddish, dise of latter dark; the colour, however, is variable ; thorax
obovate, about as wide in front as head, and thence gradually and
slightly narrowed behind, distinctly punctured ; elytra subparallel, closely
and rather strongly punctured; legs red, femora scarcely darker; the
entirely red legs and the obovate shape of the thorax will distinguish
this species from all our others except A. scoticus, from which it may
be known by the narrower and more parallel form and evidently longer
thorax ; it is very distinct and easily separated from our other members
of the genus, but I am not at all sure that it is not synonymous with

_one of the many allied European species. L. 2-2$ mm.

Salt marshes, and on the ‘beach under seaweed; rare; Gravesend; Southend;
Wrabness (Essex); Hastings; Portsmouth district; Ventnor, Isle of Wight (rare on
the beach); Portland; Bristol.

A. scoticus, Rye. Leaden black, dull, thickly clothed with rather
shining greyish pubescence, antennz and legs lurid-testaceous or almost
entirely pitchy ; head broad, with the base truncate, strongly and
closely and somewhat rugosely punctured, with an impunctate central
line; thorax short and broad, almost transverse and subglobose, closely
punctured, but not so strongly as head; elytra much broader than
thorax, truncate at base, comparatively short and broad, with close, rather
strong, and in some places almost confluent punctuation; the species is
closely allied to A. angustatus, but may be easily known by its broader
and stouter build, the shorter thorax, and the generally darker colour
of the upper surface, legs and antenne ; the colour appears to be vari-
able, as my single specimen has the legs and antenne entirely red, and
the base of the elytra towards shoulders with a tendency to become
obscurely reddish. L. 23-3 mm.

Very local ; Scotland, Forth, Clyde, and Dee districts; Paisley (Morris Young) ;

83 HETEROMERA. [ Anthicus.

Raehills near Edinburgh and Aberdeenshire (A. Murray); Loch Leven (Boswell
Syme, Waterhou-e aud Power).

A. tristis, Schmidt; +. Schaumi, Woll. (ater, Steph.?). Rather
elongate and narrow, moderately shiny, pubescent; head slightly
rounded behind, as long as broad, tinely punctured, eyes small, antenne
rather long ; thorax considerably longer than broad, gradually and rather
strongly narrowed behind, more distinctly punctured than the head ;
elytra long, oblong-ovate, with sides slightly rounded, closely and rather
strongly punctured ; legs rather stout, femora thickened ; in the type
form of A. tristis, which does not occur in Britain, the colour is pitch-
black, with the antenne, base of thorax, and a humeral patch and a
fascia behind middle on each elytron, red or reddish; the antennz also
and the legs, except femora, are red; the insect is very variable in
colour, but only the vay. Schaumi appears to occur in our country ; this
is black with an obscure reddish patch, often obsolete or almost wanting,
at each shoulder, the antenne are often fuscous towards apex, and the
tibie are occasionally more or less dark, as well as the femora ; in general
appearance this variety much resembles A. angustatus and A. salinus,
but the shape of the head, which is much less narrowed behind, and
the much closer punctuation of the elytra will easily distinguish it; the
shape of the thorax, which is rather strongly ecordiform, will serve to
separate it from A. angustatus; the antenne seem to be somewhat
variable in length in different specimens. L. 23-3 mm.

Salt marshes ; very local, but occasionally in numbers where it occurs; Lymington
Salterns (Blatch); Portland; Chesil Beach (abundant, Walker and others); some
authors identify it with the S. ater of Stephens, which he records as from hedges,

and as found in the London district, Wrabness Essex, Bristol, Southend, and the *
Isle of Portland; as far, however, as I know, it is exclusively a coast species.

A. antherinus, L. A very pretty and conspicuous species ; rather
robust, dull, thickly clothed with greyish pubescence, black, or pitch-
black, with the base of the antennz and more or less of tibie and
tarsi ferruginous or pitchy brown; elytra with a large spot near
shoulder and an oblique band behind middle red or yellowish-red ;
the latter is generally extended upwards and downwards along suture ;
the markings are, however, somewhat variable, and rarely the posterior
band is absent ; head large, thickly punctured, almost straight at base,
very closely and finely punctured, eyes depressed; antennz long and
rather stout; last joint of maxillary palpi securiform ; thorax com-
paratively short, subcordiform, gradually and not strongly narrowed
behind, very closely and finely punctured as head; elytra long and
rather broad, with the sides moderately rounded, closely and distinctly
and somewhat rugosely punctured, the punctuation becoming obsolete
behind ; legs robust, with the femora dilated. L. 3-4 mm.

Male with the head and thorax broader, and the femora more strongly
dilated, especially the posterior pair, which are almost always terminated

Anthicus.] HETEROMERA. 89

at base with a little spine; according to Thomson the anterior and
posterior trochanters are slightly prominent in the form of a tooth.
Tn moss, haystack and vegetable refuse, decaying seaweed, &c. ; often by sweeping
ges, &c., in early summer; somewhat local, but generally distributed, and, as a
rule, common from the midland counties southwards ; much rarer further north; in
fact | know of no record from any place in England north of Repton, Burton-on-
Trent, nor has it been recorded from Scotland ; it probably occurs in Ireland.

A. bimaculatus, II]. (Zonius bimaculatus, Thoms.). Larger and
more convex than any of the preceding species; pale testaceous, rather
dull, clothed with fine whitish pubescence, with the metasternum and abdo-
men, and a small spot on each elytron behind middle near suture fuscous ;
the elytral spots are sometimes obsolete or almost absent, and sometimes
are enlarged and meet at suture; head broad and rather large, rounded
behind, very finely and closely punctured, with a more or less distinct
smooth raised central line ; eyes black, moderately prominent; antenne
rather long, reaching to middle of body ; thorax short, cordiform, as
broad at least as the head, and about as broad as long, very closely and
finely punctured; elytra oval, broad, and very convex, slightly nar-
rowed behind, punctuation very close, but not so fine as on
thorax; legs moderately long, with the femora somewhat dilated. L.
4-5 mm.

On sandhills ; very rare; first taken by Mr. J. Chappell at Southport, Lancashire,

in the summer of 1859, and afterwards by Mr. Harris, of Burton-on-Trent, at
Wallasey, Cheshire, in the same district ; it has occurred very sparingly.

XYLOPHILIDZ.

Although I feel very averse to multiplying tribes and families more
than can be possibly helped, I have, after much consideration, adopt d
this family of Thomson’s, to include the genus Euglenes, Westwood,
which is now apparently considered as synonymous with Xylophilus,
Latr., and is divided by Mul:ant and other authors into the genera
Olotelus, Anidorus, Euglenes, and Aderus ; Lacordaire classes the genus
with the Pedilide, but certain modern writers place it with the
Anthicide ; the Pedilide, as ordinarily constituted, are, at the best, a
very weak family ; the Pedilina bear a rather strong affinity to the
Anthicina in the fact of having the head strongly constricted at a con-
siderable distance behind the eyes and in other points, but it must be
admitted that they differ in certain other particulars, and approach the
Xylophilide in their more or less emarginate eyes and in having the
hind cox approximate ; Dr. Horn and Dr. Leconte solve the difficulty
by including under the Anthicidz all the Anthicites and Pedilides of
Lacordaire, with the exception of Scraptia, which they place under the
Melandryidz ; if, however, Scraptia is to be placed under the latter
family, then Euglenes certainly ought to follow suit, especially as through

90 HETEROMERA. | [Xylophitide.

its mouth organs it is allied to Conopa/pua, and still more closely to
Osphya ; the Xylophilide, however, possess one striking peculiarity -
which separates them from Seraptia and from all the allies with which
they have been associated, and that is the extremely small and simple
penultimate joint of the tarsi, which is concealed between the strong
lobes of the antepenultimate joint, so that the tarsi at first sight appear
to be 4-4-3-jointed ; the first two segments, moreover, of the abdomen
are connate ; the intermediate coxe are slightly and the posterior more
broadly distant; the head is suddenly constricted immediately behind
eyes which are large, kidney-shaped, and coarsely granulated; the
antenne are filiform, rarely serrate or flabellate, long or very long,
inserted in a slight sinuation of the eyes ; the thorax is much narrower
at base than the elytra, and has the sides unmargined ; the legs are
rather slender, and the tibiz are furnished with small spurs; the claws,
which are toothed in the Pedilina, are simple.

(After I had sent the first part of this volume to the press, Mr. Champion kindly sent
mea proof of the part of the “BiologiaCentrali-Americana”’ containing the Xylophilide;
I was much pleased to find that he also had separated the family as distinct on just the
same characters that I had made use of, viz. the fact that the first two segments of the
abdomen are connate, and the structure of the tarsi; I have not in any point altered
the above remarks on the family, which I wrote about two years ago (in 1888), but
I have been enabled to add several particulars regarding the distribution, &., of the
genus, for which I have adopted the name Xylophilus instead of Euglenes, follow-
ing Mr. Champion in preference to certain European authorities : Mr, Champion
remarks that “many authors place Xylophilus and Scraptia in the same group or
family; but these genera are not closely allied, though they have the head very
similarly furmed.’’)

XYLOPHILUS, Laireille. (Zuglencs, Westwood.)

The characters given above will serve to distinguish the genus, but
the peculiar shape of the maxillary and labial palpi must be noticed, as
they have the last joint much enlarged and widened, and almost cyathi-
form orcup-shaped, I cannot, however, say whether this has been found
to be a character universal in all the species that have been discovered ;
the antenne have the second joint small; the posterior femora are
flattened beneath, and the posterior tarsi have the first joint longer
than the rest taken together; the genus contains at present just
about a hundred species, of which twenty-three occur in Europe,
thirty-six in Central America, sixteen in the United States, and
the remainder in Algeria, Japan, Ceylon, the Australian region, &c.; the
Central American species have recently been described by Mr, Champion,
who says that no species belonging to the genus has hitherto been
described from America south of Texas or Florida, and that of the thirty-
six species discovered by him nearly two-thirds are represented by
single specimens only ; it is therefore probable that at least double this
number inhabit Central America, and that most likely they are especially
abundant in the northern part of South America ; Mr, Champion says,

Xylophilus.} HETEROMERA. 91

“The rarity of these insects is well known ; they require special working
for, and are not often obtained by chance collecting. So far as my own
observations go, they are chiefly found in oak-woods at elevations of
from 3000 to 8000 feet ; a considerable number of those collected by my-
self were beaten from the decaying branches of oak.” The earlier stages
of the Xylophili are apparently passed in rotten wood.

I, Antenne with the second and third joints small,

transverse, about equal in length; eyes nearly
reaching posterior margin of head . . .. . X. POPULNETS, F.

(pygmaeus, De G., nec Muls.)
II. Antenne with the third joint plainly longer
than second, especially in the male.
i. Eyes scarcely emarginate, separated by a
distinct interval from posterior margin of head ;
thorax about aslongasbroad . . . . .- - X. NEGLEcTUS, Duv.
"ii, Eyes plainly ema te, nearly reaching pos-
: eo of head; thorax broader than
Momgé 3+» <i te date wecw ees aols ure X. ocuLatus, Gyll.
(pygmaeus, Muls., nec De G.)

X. populneus, F. (pygmeus, DeG., nec, Muls.; boleti, Marsh.).
Testaceous with the head and abdomen fuscous, dull, obsoletely punctured,
clothed with rather thin pale pubescence, with a patch towards base of
elytra and a fascia about middle more or less denuded; head with
eyes as broad as or a little broader than front of thorax; antenne
varying in the sexes ; thorax transverse, usually with a eurved impression
at base ; elytra much broader at base than thorax, with the shoulders
well marked, subparallel, rounded behind; legs moderately long,
testaceous. L. 13-2 mm.

Male with the antenne longer than half the body, joints 4-10 plainly
longer than broad.

Female with the antennz shorter than half the body, joints 4-10 sub-
quadrate.

In old trees, dead hedges; also on flowers, &c.; not common ; Dulwich; South Lam-
beth, Putney, Ripley, Stockwell, Darenth Wood, Lee, Lewisham, Finchley, Wan-
stead, Weybridge, Horsell, Loughton, Sheerness, Southend ; Birch Wood, beaten out
of old Gua (S. Stevens) ; Eynsham, Oxon.

%. neglectus, Duv. (nigripennis, Villa). Testaceous or reddish-
yellow, with the under-side, except prosternum, fuscous, and the elytra
slate-coloured, except the shoulders and hinder portions whieh are
teddish-yellow ; it may be known from YX. populneus by the longer third
joint of the antenne and longer thorax, and by having a distinct
space between the eyes and the posterior margin of the head ; from X.
oculatus it may be separated by the two latter characters, as well as by
having the eyes scarcely emarginate, and also by the general colouring.
L. 13-2 mm.

Old wood, &.; extremely rare; Wandsworth (Waterhouse) ; New Forest (two
specimens, Crotch, one.specimen, Power); I believe that it has ‘also been taken in
the latter locality by Mr. Jauson.,

92 HETEROMERA. [Xylophilus.

X. oculatus, Gyll. (pygmeus, Muls., nec De G.). Head and
thorax fuscous black, the latter sometimes brownish, elytra fusco-tes-
taceous ; pubescence pale, fine and rather thin; punctuation close, more
distinct on elytra than on thorax ; head together with eyes broader
than front of thorax; eyes distinctly, but not deeply, emarginate ;
thorax transverse, impressed on either side at base with a transverse,
somewhat curved furrow ; elytra subparallel, rather plainly and rugosely,
but very closely, sculptured; antenne and legs ferruginous or reddish-
testaceous. L, 13-2 mm. :

Male with the antennz very long, longer than the whole body, with
the third joint twice as long as second ; the anterior tibiz are terminated
by a short hooked spine, and the posterior femora are somewhat
thickened. rane

Female with the antenne short, scarcely longer than half the body,
with the third joint a little longer than second ; tibie and femora simple.

In decaying white-thorn, oak, willow, &c.; very local and, as a rule, rare; Lee
(Douglas and Scott) ; Forest Hill; Woking; Claygate, Esher, Horsell, Birch Wood
and Purley (Power); Birch Wood (8. Stevens); Windsor and Suffolk (Stephens) ;
Devon ; Sherwood Forest ; Dunham Park, Manchester (Chappell).

MELOIDE: (Cantharide).

This family contains some of the most interesting and at the same
time we may say the most useful of the Coleoptera; there is nothing
hardly, more strange to be found in the history of insects than the
transformations of Meloé and Sitaris, and medicine is much indebted to
the genera Lytta (Cantharis) and Mylabris for their vesicatorial or
blistering qualities, for which even in these days no effectual substitute
appears yet to have been discovered ; the family is rather a large one,
containing upwards of fifty genera and a thousand species, which are
very widely distributed throughout the world, from Siberia to the Cape
of Good Hope, India, Chili and Peru, and the Australian region ; the
majority of species, however, occur in the tropics or the adjacent
countries ; some of the genera are very extensive in point of numbers,
Mylabris and Lytta (Cantharis) each containing between two and three
hundred species ; there has been considerable confusion caused as to the
nomenclature of the family by the fact that Linnzus applied the term
Cantharis to Telephorus, although the name had been used for the
blister beetle for a long time previously in medicine ; several modern
authors, moreover, apply the name Mylabris to Bruchus, and substitute
Zonabris for Mylabris; it is perhaps the best course to adopt the term
Meloide for the family instead of Cantharide, and to drop the term
Cantharis altogether, but the change of name as regards Mylabris cannot
without great difficulty and confusion be admitted. The members of
the family Meloide differ considerably from one another in shape, colour,
and general appearance; the following are the chief characters which
they possess in common :—Head vertical, strongly and suddenly

Meloidw.| HETEROMERA. 93

constricted at some distance behind eyes, which are variable and finely
granulated ; antenna 11-jointed (in our genera), inserted before the
eyes at the ‘sides of the front ; thorax narrower at base than elytra, not
margined, prosternum short ; ‘elytra variable ; abdomen composed of six
free ventral segments ; legs long or moderately long, with distinct tibial
spurs; tarsi compressed, with the penultimate: joint not bilobed, and
with the claws split; larve in several species assuming successively
several forms, “in the first of which it is a very small active Pediculus-
like parasite infesting bees of different genera, and is called a triunguline ”
(Horn and Leconte).

The family is divided into two tribes by some authors, but as Sitaris
seems to be in several respects a connecting link between Meloé and
Lytta, it seems best not to divide them too sharply. Sixteen genera
and about one hundred and sixty species occur in Europe, of which three
genera, represented by nine species, are found in Britain.

I, Side pieces of meso- and metasternum covered by the

elytra, the inflexed portion of which is very broad ; elytra

abbreviated and imbricate; metasternum short. . Metoz, Z.
II. Side pieces of meso- and metasternum not covered by

the elytra, the inflexed portion of which is narrow;

metasternum long.
i. Elytra short and narrow, almost rudimentary, strongly

divaricate .«.. « + «+ + > Srraris, Latr.
ii, Elytra long, covering abdomen, paralle-sided a and not

MMIEOGUR: se 5 is sw 6. e © Sp UNTER, Fe

MELOE, Linné.

This genus contains rather more than seventy species, the majority of
which are found in cold and temperate countries; species have, how-
ever, been described from Northern Africa, Madeira, Madagascar,
Mexico, &c. ; they are large and conspicuous insects, with a peculiar
facies, and may easily be known by the crumpled-looking divaricate and
imbricate elytra and exposed abdomen, which is often extremely enlarged
in the female and contains thousands of eggs; the antennz are thick,
submoniliform, and more or less strongly thickened in middle in some
species ; the head is large with the eyes small; the thorax is small,

being often narrower than the head; the elytra are broadly inflexed

over the side pieces of the abdomen, and the metasternum is short; the
species vary in size, the females being usually much larger than the
males, and the colour also is more or less variable; they are extremely
sluggish i in their motious.

The transformations of Meloé are described by Thomson (Skand. Col.
vi. 340), and notices of the young larva have been given by many
authors ; Kirby described it as Pediculus melitte, Dufour as Triungu-
linus tricuspidatus, and Newport published an important monograph on
the question of its changes, with plates, in the Transactions of the

94 HETEROMERA. [Meloé,

Linnean Society, vol. xx.; a figure of the young larva of M. cicatri-
cosus is given by Chapuis et Candéze (Larves des Coléoptéres, pl. vii.
fig. 6), and of this same or another species by Westwood (Classification,
i, f, 296, 21); I have three of them before me as I write, which
were kindly given me by Dr. Sharp, who found a number of them two
or three years ago; they are extremely small, orange-yellow insects,
something like a large Ptinella at first sight, elongate and subparallel,
with a large head, and with the thoracic segments much longer than the
abdominal segments; these latter are widest at the fourth and are very
gradually narrowed towards the apex, which is terminated on each side
by two very long hairs which are nearly as long as the abdomen; the
legs are very long (a peculiarity to which the insect owes its great
activity), and terminate in a single claw on each side of which there is a
slender hook-like process, so that the apex of the legs appears trifid;
this contrivance enables the larva to cling tight to the bee to which it
has gained access; these larve are slow in their motions when hatched,
but soon grow active, and if a hair be presented to them they spring upon
it with great rapidity. Mr. Rye has given a good account of the history
of the larva (British Beetles, 1st Edition, p. 169), which may with
advantage be here quoted ; it is apparently taken from the same source
as Thomson’s account :—‘ The female of Meloé deposits from two to four
separate batches of minute yellow eggs, some thousands at a time,
though the number diminishes with each laying. These eggs are glued
together, and deposited in small holes in the ground, dug by the parent
beetle. After an interval of from three to six weeks the young larve
above described hatch out; they appear to remain torpid for some time ;
but when onee roused by sufficient warmth, exhibit extraordinary
activity in traversing low plants, chiefly Ranuneulacew or Chicoracew.
From these they attach themselves, often in great numbers, to the hairy
covering of bees as they settle on the flowers of their temporary
lodgings ; and also, sometimes, to certain hairy Diptera, or two-winged
flies, which closely resemble wild bees. In the latter case it is an
unfortunate attachment for the larve, as the Diptera make no nest or
provision for their offspring, so that the would-be parasite necessarily
perishes of starvation; and it is probably the chance of this, added to
the many fortunate contingencies required before the larve can be safely
landed within reach of their food, that causes such an enormous number
of eggs to be laid by the parent beetle. When carried by the unconscious
bee to its nest, the Meloé larva devours the eggs therein contained,
changes (without leaving the cell of the latter) into a second form,—not
unlike the larva of a Lamellicorn beetle in miniature, being arched,
cylindrical, with toothed mandibles and stout legs,—and then subsists
on the food intended by the bee for its own young. After some time
this second form of the larva changes its outer covering, which is not
entirely shed, but remains wrinkled together at the hinder apex of its
body: it is then arched, distinctly composed of thirteen segments,

Meloé.| HETEROMERA. 95

attenuated at the extremities, and motionless. From this ‘false pupa’
{and probably after passing | the winter) a third form of the larva
appears similar to the second ;” after this, however, we know no further :
we can only judge from the analogy of Sitaris that it changes into an
ordinary pupa, from which the perfect insect emerges ; the curious fact,
however, is, that the large unwieldy imago is usually found on a common
or meadow or hedgerow far away apparently from any bees, and that
we have no idea how it makes its way to these situations from the nest
in which it must have undergone its final transformation: another
curious fact about the genus is that certain species appear in large
numbers in a certain place, and then as suddenly disappear; this has
been observed by Mr. Champion in the case of M. cicatricosus ; if a
number are confined together, they attack and mutilate each other with
considerable violence.- Of the twenty-eight species which are found in
Europe, seven occur in Britain ; one only can be called common, and
several are extremely rare and have only been met with in one or two
localities ; they may be distinguished as follows :—
lL noleeien thickened in middle, distorted in the male
(s.g. Cnestocera, Thoms, ).
i, Thorax at least as long as broad; elytra wrinkled
or shagreened.
1. Head and thorax more coarsely and closely punc-
tured ; thorax without distinct transverse impression
at base ; colour blue black . M, PrRoscaRabEts, ZL.
2. Head and thorax less coarsely and rather diffusely
punctured; thorax with a distinct transverse im- :
pression at base ; colour rather bright blue. . . M. vionacevs, Marsh.
ii. Thorax a little broader than long; head and thorax
with fine scattered punctures; elytra punctured . . M. aUTUMNALIS, Ol.
Il. Antenne uot thickened in middle, and not distorted
in male (Meloé,-i. sp ).
’ i, Head not much broader or larger than thorax. :
1, Colour blue-black, not metullic . . M. crcatricosus, Leach.
2. Colour, especially of thorax, more or less metallic. M. VAKIEGATUS, Donor.
ii, Head much broader and larger than thorax, which is
very small
1. Thorax closely and rugosely punctured, with sides
not rounded ,. . M. RvuGosts, Marsh.
2. Thorax diffusely and simply punctured, with sides
rounded ..... - . . « M. BREVICOLLIS, Panz.
M. proscarabeus, L. Black, with a slight bluish or violet re-
flection ; antennz and legs bluish-black ; head broader than thorax, with
anterior and posterior margins straight or almost straight, strongly and
somewhat rugosely punctured’; thorax subquadrate, with more or less
obsolete impressions on disc, punctuation much the same as that of
head ; elytra short, rugose; abdomen very thickly and finely rugose ;
legs stout. L. 12-42 mm.
Male with the sixth and seventh joints of the antenne dilated and
compressed, and more or less angularly inflexed ; the elytra also in this
sex are comparatively longer.

96 HETEROMERA. [ Meloé,

Found crawling about on heaths and commons, meadows, grassy banks, roadsides,
pathways near the coast, &c., especially in early spring ; common and generally dis-
tributed throughout the greater part of England, but less common further north ;
Scotland, not common, Solway, Forth, Clyde, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts; Ireland,
near Dublin, and probably widely distributed.

V. cyaneus, Muls. This variety, which was considered by Mulsant
to be a separate species, is usually smaller than the type form, with a
purplish-violet metallic head and thorax, the punctures of which are
not so coarse, and with less rugose elytra; the base of the thorax is
almost straight, whereas in the type form it is evidently, although feebly,
emarginate, and there is a more or less evident longitudinal depression on
the thoracic central line behind the middle ; from M. violaceus this insect
may be known by the decidedly shorter thorax (of which the base is not
nearly so deeply emarginate, and has no transverse channel), the black
elytra and body, and the more metallic head and thorax.

Rare; Isle of Man (Rev. R. P. Murray); Sutton, near Birmingham (Mr. W. G.
Blatch). -

IM. violaceus, Marsh. (rujfipes, Bremi). Closely allied to the pre-
ceding, from which it may be known by being entirely of a bright
bluish or violaceous colour, and the less coarse and more diffuse punc-
tuation of the head and thorax; the latter is also quite ditlerently
shaped, being longer and- narrower, gradually rounded in front and
narrowed behind, and furnished at base (which is rather strongly
emarginate) with a distinct transverse impression; the elytra are rather
shallowly rugose ; the male characters are the same as in J. proscara-
beus. L. 12-36 mm.

Roadsides, commons, heaths, &c., in early spring ; local and much less common than
the preceding species, and in some districts decidedly rare ; London district, rather
common, Mickleham, Caterham, Esher, Chatham, Strood, Cowlry, Reigate, &c. ;
Dover; Hampshire; Glanvilles Wootton; Swansea; Barnwood, near Gloucester ;
Sutton and Knowle, near Birmingham ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent; Withington and

Barton, Cheshire; Scotland, rare, Dee and Argyle districts; Ireland, Dublin,
Wicklow, Belfast, &e,

M. autumnalis, O]. Bluish, bluish-green or blue with various
reflections, smooth, shining, and sparingly punctured on head and
thorax, the latter about as long as broad, rounded for its anterior fourth
part and thence subparallel to base ; posterior angles blunt, base broadly
emarginate, with a transverse furrow before margin, disc with a longi-
tudinal central furrow; elytra with scattered punctures which are
larger and more shallow than those of thorax, and are sometimes more
or less rugose; legs more or less metallic, moderately stout. L. 8-14
mm.

Male with the antennz longer than in female, and joints 3-7 of the
antenne gradually more compressed than in the preceding ; last ventral
segment of abdomen truncate and subemarginate.

On grassy banks, pathways, &c.; especially near the coast ; in the autumn; very

Meloé.] : HETEROMERA. 97

rare ; Dartford (Stephens); Ramsgate (Newman); Exmouth and Tavistock, Devon
(Stephens) ; Cambridge (Power).

IM. cicatricosus, Leach. Head and thorax black or bluish black,
elytra bluish black ; head and thorax closely and strongly punctured, the
intervals being closely rugose; antennz rather long and stout, not
thickened in middle; thorax about as broad as head, evidently broader
than long, with the anterior angles pronounced and raised, the sides
subparallel, and the base broadly emarginate and furrowed before
margin ; there is a fine central line on disc and on either side towards
margin a rather deep fovea ; elytra with closely set flat shining tubercles,
the intervals between these being closely rugose ; abdomen finely rugose ;
legs rather long and stout, bluish black or black, L. 12-32 mm.

Male with the antenne longer than in female, and the last ventral
segment of the abdomen semicircularly emarginate.

Grassy banks, &c.; near the coast; in early spring ; extremely local, but sometimes
abundant where it occurs; Southend; Margate and St. Peter’s, Kent (T. Wood) ;
Ramsgate (in great profusion, Champion); Deal (Syme); Dover (C. G. Hall) ; Mr.
Champion has remarked that the species is only to be found while the sun is out, and
that if cloudy not a specimen will be seen: it seems strange that such large and
conspicuous insects can so soon disappear without leaving a trace behind them of their

place of refuge.

M. variegatus, Donov. Of an obscure metallic greenish colour,
with the margins of head and thorax coppery red, and the abdomen with
the segments more or less coppery red at apex ; the reflections are more
or less greenish, coppery or violet ; head and thorax very closely and
rugosely punctured, the punctuation being strong and more or less con-
fluent ; thorax longer than broad, with the sides subparailel and the
base broadly emarginate ; elytra sculptured in rough flat tubercles, the
interstices being closely rugose; abdomen rugose; legs robust, bright
eoppery red. L. 14-30 mm.

Male with the last ventral segment semicircularly emarginate.

Female with the last ventral segment angularly emarginate in the
centre and curved on each side of the emargination.

On grassy banks and pathways near the coast in early spring; very rare; Isle of
Tha:et, between Broadstairs and Ramsgate (Stephens); Ramsgate (T. Wood) ;
Marga‘e (three specimens in 1882, T. Wood) ; Dover (C. G. Hall).

™. rugosus, Marsh. (rugulosus, Brull.). This and the succeeding
" species may be known by their comparatively small size and narrow
transverse thorax, which is considerably shorter than the head; dull
black or greyish black, with the head and thorax closely and very
coarsely punctured, the former large and the latter small and transverse ;
antenne comparatively slender, rather long; thorax with the angles
rounded, slightly narrowed behind, broadly emarginate at base, slightly
furrowed before basal margin ; elytra very coarsely coriaceous or rugose
with the intervals finely wrinkled ; legs long and comparatively slender,
black or pitchy red. L. 10-18 mm,

vob. V. : H

98 HETEROMERA. ; [ Meloé.

Grassy banks, &c.; in the vicinity of nests of Anthophora; very rare; Southend
(Smith and Gorham) ; Prittlewell, Essex (Power) ; meadows near Margate (Stephens);
Broadstairs (TI, Wood); Tavistock and Exmouth, Devon (Stephens); a specimen
was some years ago brought to a friend of mine from a southern locality by one of his
clerks, who said that it was abundant in the place in which he discovered it; as he
was not a Coleopterist he only brought back one specimen ; the species like M. cicatri-
cosus is probably gregarious.

MM. brevicollis, Panz. A very distinct species, short, broad and
convex, black: blue, or dark-blue, or nigro-violaceous, glabrous and rather
shining ; head large, rather deeply and diffusely punctured, antennze
short and stout, thickened towards apex, with joints 4-8 transverse;
thorax very short, much smaller than head, strongly transverse, with
sides and angles rounded, diffusely punctured, strongly depressed towards
base, which is broadly emarginate, disc with a fine central furrow ;
elytra coarsely, rugosely and rather shallowly sculptured ; abdomen very
finely rugose ; legs rather stout, blue black. L. 10-20 mm,

Sandy heaths; very rare; Dartford (Spiers); Ockham Heath, near Ripley
(Surrey) ; Christchurch, Tavistock, and Windsor (Stephens); Frensham, near
Boundstone (Surrey), in May, Reigate Heath, Faversham, Plymouth and Cornwall
(Power); Chobham (Saunders); Weymouth (Harris) ; Glanyilles Wootton (Dale) ;
Plymouth (Bignell).

SITARIS, Laireille.

This genus contains thirteen species, which, with one exception, are
found in Europe ; one occurs in Algeria; the following are their chief
characteristics :—-head large, antenne rather short and stout and gradually
thickened towards apex, inserted before eyes; behind the eyes, which
are transverse and slightly emarginate, the head is a little dilated and
then suddenly constricted ; thorax narrower than elytra ; seutellum large ;
elytra broad at base, but becoming rapidly narrow and attenuated,
strongly divaricate and disclosing the wings which are ample; legs
moderately long.

The transformations of this genus are very interesting, and have been
carefully worked out in the case of S. muralis by M. Fabre (Ann. des
Sci. Nat. sér. 4, tome vii.) ; his figures and the chief part of his de-
scription will be found in Sir John Lubboek’s work on “the Origin and
Metamorphoses of Insects,” (Nature Series, 1874) pp. 30-33; the
changes appear to be much the same as in the ease of Meloé; the

small larva, which, in its active state, has to fasten itself upon the bee, ~

of whieh the insect is a parasite, differs very considerably from the small
Meloé larva, being shaped like an elongate peg-top, with the greatest
width at the metathoracic segment; the head is large and subquadrate,
and the antennew, which are very short in Meloé, are very long and slender;
the apex of the body is terminated by two long and fine sete: ; the legs are
shorter than in the larva of Meloé, but are evidently formed on the same
analogy, their inner side being set with strong sete, and each of the
femora bearing a fine seta, which is almost as long as the femur and

SN eal hc ac i

Sitaris.] HeTZROMERA, 99

tibia together; the claws are long sharp and simple ; this arrangement
evidently answers the same purpose as the apparently trifid claw of
the Meloé larva; the perfect female deposits her eggs at the entrance of _
the galleries of certain mason bees belonging to the genus Anthophora;
the young larve hatch out at the end of September or beginning of
October ; they remain in a sort of lethargie state until the following
April, without taking food and without changing either in form or size;
at this time, however, they become more active, and attach themselves
to the male Anthophora, which emerge from the pup sooner than the
females ; it is a very curious fact that some sort of instinct seems to
teach them that they are wrong, and, watching their opportunity, they
pass from the male to the female bee; M. Fabre, on examining several
cells of the Anthophora, found that in some the egg of the bee floated by
itself on the surface of the honey; in others on the egg, as on a raft,
sat the larva of Sitaris; evidently then at the moment the egg is laid
the parasitic larva springs upon it; the egg is devoured after eight
days, and on the empty shell the Sitaris undergoes its first transforma-
tion, and the slim active larva changes into a white fleshy grub, with the
under side so much inflated and distended that it floats easily on the
honey with its spiracles raised above it and its mouth just resting on
the surface; in this state it remains until the honey is all consumed;
it then contracts and changes into a state called by M. Fabre a pseudo-
pupa or false chrysalis ; its shape in this condition is oval, and it has a
solid corneous envelope, and in colour, consistency, and immobility
somewhat resembles a Dipterous pupa; it remains in this state fora
varying time and then assumes the form of an ordinary fleshy larva,
with the upper surface convex, the spiracles on the lower side of the body,
and the head and short antennz and legs distinct ; after all these changes
it turns into a pupa of much the ordinary type, and in the month of
August the perfect insect makes its appearance, having taken nearly two
years to pass through all these transformations.

S. muralis, Forst. (humeralis, F.). Black, fuscous-black or black-
brown, with the base of the elytra and the base of the first joint of the
posterior tarsi yellow-testaceous ; the elytra areoften lighterthan the head
and thorax ; head large, dilated somewhat behind eyes, thickly, rugosely,
and strongly punctured; antenne varying in length in the sexes ; thorax
subquadrate, with sides sub el and base truncate, diffusely and
coarsely, but somewhat variably, punctured with a central depression
and line; scutellum large, subtruncate or slightly emarginate behind ;
elytra broad at base and gradually narrowed to a point behind, strongly
divaricate, more or less coriaceous, rugosely punctured, the punctuation
becoming much finer behind ; wings ample, visible from above; legs
moderately long and stout, black, with the tibie and tarsi often more or
less pitchy. L. 7-12 mm. .

Male with the antenne much i than in female and gradually

H .

100 HETEROMERA. [Sttaris.

narrowed towards apex, and the legs more elongate; last ventral seg-
ment of abdomen longitudinally cleft, and penultimate segment emar-
ginate. .

Female with the antennze much shorter, slightly thickened towards
apex, and the legs less elongate ; last ventral segment of abdomen
entire.

In and about the nests of Anthophora ; rare, but has once or twice been found in
some numbers; old wall at Hammersmith (S. Stevens); Weston on the Green,
Oxfordshire, in nests of Anthophora retusa (Matthews); Stephens records it from
Ken‘, Chelsea, New Forest, Oxford, Devonshire and Warwickshire.

LYTTA, Fabricius. (Cantharis, auct nec L.)

This is a very large and extensive genus, containing about two hun-
dred and fifty species, which are very widely distributed, and range from
Siberia to South Africa, India and Brazil; the majority, however, are
found in warm or tropical countries; they are remarkable for their
vesicant or blistering properties, and are widely used in medicine; the
type of the genus is L. vesicatoria, which is the only species found in
Britain : it is, however, very rare in this country, but its ordinary name,
the “Spanish fly,” shows that its home is in the south of Europe,
where it is found in great abundance about the middle of summer,
frequenting the ash, privet, syringa, lilac, &c., and emitting a very
powerful odour; only nine other species occur in Europe ; the important
genus Mylabris (Zonabris, Har.), is not represented in our country ; it
contains upwards of three hundred species, of which between forty and
fifty occur in Europe ; several of the species have vesicatory properties,
but they do not appear to be quite as strongly developed as in Lytta. ~

The species of Lytta are elongate and elegant insects, which in many
cases are very brightly coloured; they may at once be known from
Meloé and Sitaris by the long parallel-sided elytra, which have a straight
suture and are not divaricate, being at most a little parted at apex; the
head is large, and the antenne filiform, with the second joint very small;
the eyes are transverse and slightly emarginate; the palpi have the last
joint ovate ; the thorax is not margined and is transverse and gradually
narrowed behind ; the scutellum is large and inserted in the neck of the
elytra ; the legs are long with the last tarsal joint cylindrical and not bi-
lobed ; in the males the anterior tibie are furnished at apex with a very
strong broad spur, and the first joint of the tarsi is notched so as to enable
the insect, with the help of the spur, to retain hold of the antenne in the
female ; the anterior tibie in the female terminate in two spurs, and
the first joint of the tarsi is not emarginate; the peculiar principle of
the insect is termed Cantharidin, and, as recorded by Westwood, on the
analysis of Robiquet, is a white substance in small crystalline plates,
insoluble in water, but soluble in boiling alcohol; owing to its volatility
and very active properties great care has to be taken in its preparation ;

ri ae

Lytta.] HETEROMERA. 101

it is even said to be imprudent to sleep under trees on which the insects
are abundant ; taken internally Cantharidin appears to be a sesiaanien
irritant poison.

Loschge (Beitrag zur Gesichte der Spanischen Fliege in Naturforschen,
t. 23, 1788, p. 37-48) gives an account of the first stages of the insect,
which is quoted by Mulsant (Vésicants, pp. 159, 160); he, however,
describés a minute larva which is lemon-yellow when it emerges from
the egg and soon changes to a brownish colour, and by its activity and
general structure appeared to be probably parasitic upon certain
Hymenoptera, like the larva of Meloé ; according to Latreille (quoted
by Westwood, Classification I. p. 301) the larve ‘‘reside underground
and feed upon the roots of vegetables, and are produced from a mass of
agglutinated eggs ; they have the body soft, and of a yellowish-white,
composed of thirteer segments, with two short filiform antenne, and six
short scaly feet ;” there seems, however, to be some confusion with
regard to the life history of the insect, which requires further clearing up.

L. vesicatoria, L. Elongate, parallel-sided, shining, of a bright
golden-green colour, sometimes with bluish or coppery reflections, under-
side more or less coppery, and more smooth and shining than the upper
side ; head broad, wider behind, with a strong central furrow, diffusely
punctured ; antennz dark, metallic-green at base, longer in male than in
female ; thorax transverse, about as broad in front as head, gradually
narrowed in a-straight line to base, punctured much as head, anterior
angles marked and somewhat raised; elytra parallel, bluntly rounded at
apex, finely and closely rugose, with two rather feeble but distinct

- raised lines on disc of each ; legs long, metallic. L. 12-20 mm.

Male with the antennz longer than half the body, with joints 3-10
linear; the anterior tibie armed with one broad spine, and the first
joint of the anterior tarsi strongly emarginate internally ; the last seg-
ment of abdomen is also deeply incised.

Female with the antennz shorter than half the body, with joints
3-10 oblong, and the anterior tibiz armed at apex with two spines;
the last segment of the abdomen is entire or very slightly emarginate.

On privet, ash, &c.; rare in Britain; Colchester, near which town it has been
taken in some numbers by Mr. Grapes and others ; Cambridge (Crotch) ; Hampshire

records it from “ Cheltenham, Bottisham (near Cambridge),
and near London.”

RHYNCHOPHORA.

The Rhynchophora form a series which is apparently isolated from
the rest of the Coleoptera; it must, however, be admitted that it is
hard to separate them on any single character, and some few genera
bear a superficial resemblance to members of the ordinary groups of the
order ; thus, for instance, the Rhinomaceride, by the presence of a
labrum and normal flexible palpi as well as by the 11-jointed and non-

102 RHYNCHOPHORA.

geniculate, antenns, appear to be allied to the Mycterina and Salpingina,
and certain of the Otiorrhynchide seem to have a strong analogy with
the higher Tenebrionida, as pointed out by Dr. Leconte (Rhynchophora
of America North of Mexico, Introduction, p. xiv.) ; the Rhynchophora,
as their name implies, are roughly distinguished by the presence of a
rostrum or snout, but this is absent or more or less rudimentary in the
Platyrrhinide and Scolytide and is, on the other hand, present in
certain of the Heteromera (as Mycterus and Rhinosimus); according to
Leconte (1. c¢. p. xii.) Rhynchophorous Coleoptera are those in which
the posterior lateral elements of the head and prothorax coalesce on the
median line of the under surface of the body, so as to unite by a single
suture.” Dr, Sharp, however, has lately pointed out (Trans. Ent. Soc.,
London, 1889, Part I. p. 41) that this definition does not hold good in
the case of the Attelabide and certain of the Rhynchitide, and that in
fact in other families besides these the apices of the epimera are not
conjoined (1. ¢. p. 42, note); we are therefore obliged to give up the
character (which has been adopted by Bedel and others), as not being
by any means universal, and no other single distinguishing character
appears as yet to have been discovered.

The series contains a very large number of species; in the Munich
Catalogue (1871-2), nearly 12,000 are mentioned, of which 10,000
belong to the Curculionide ; the number of species now described must
be at least 15,000, and Dr. Sharp is of opinion that the number of those
existing must be 100,000, and may very probabiy reach 150,000; they
appear to be the most archaic and the least developed of the Coleoptera ;
the oldest known members of the order appear to consist in great
measure of Curculionidw, and from the Carboniferous period onwards
the Rhynchophora are found to be increasingly numerous in all the
geological strata; with regard to this point Leconte (1. c. p. vii.) makes
the following remarks: “I have previously expressed my opinion that
the Rhynchophora, being the lowest type of Coleoptera, are therefore
geologically the oldest. Regarding then the fixity of insect types, as
shown by the resemblance of aricient forms to those of the present time,
the uniformity in food and manner of life, and the immense number of
genera in this complex, with which we are dealing, we have a right to
expect that there will be a proportionally larger survival of unchanged
descendants of those species or genera which were first introduced. We
will, therefore, have a more perfect series of connecting forms than ean
be found in other orders of insects, whose methods of life expose them
to the influences of destruction or modification by external cireum-
stances”; the presence of the more perfect series of connecting forms
seems to be a fact and not merely a theory, and it is due in great
measure to this that it is so difficult to divide the group in any way
satisfactorily. ,

The following may be mentioned as the chief characters :—Head
usually prolonged before the eyes into a rostrum or beak, which is some-

RHYNCHOPHORA. 103

times nearly as long as the body (Balaninus), but is sometimes rudi-
mentary ot absent (Platyrrhinide and Scolytide); the mouth organs
are situated at’ the apex of the rostrum, which is therefore not a mere
trunk or appendage ; labrum usually indistinet, but sometimes distinct ;
eyes, as a Tule, entire; antennz sometimes straight, but usually genicu-
late, with the scape or first joint long, inserted as a rule in fovee or
channels at the sides of the rostrum called ‘‘ scrobes,” generally clavate
at apex; thorax very rarely margined at sides, with the epimera of the
prosternum usually meeting at apex, but sometimes separated by a centro-
sternal piece; anterior coxal cavities closed behind; elytra usually
striate ; abdomen composed of five ventral segments, of which the first
two are, as arule, connate and immoveable ; tarsi apparently tetramerous,
but really 5-jointed, the first three joints being always present (the third
more or less strongly bilobed), the fourth always rudimentary and very
rarely visible, and-the last joint or onychium being almost always
present but occasionally absent (as in Anoplus) ; posterior coxe usually
distant, anterior not transverse ; tibial spurs fixed and not moveable, or

wanting.

With regard to the Classification of the Rhynchophora it must be
admitted that it is in a very unsatisfactory state; the characters of the
families and genera are as yet very ill-defined, and the various divisions
are still in quite a rudimentary condition so far as a general knowledge
of their chief points of distinction is concerned; we are therefore at
. liberty to adopt provisionally any characters that may assist the student
to separate the divisions, and it does not make much difference whether
we regard them as tribal, generic or sub-generic ; as a matter of scientific
fact, for instance, the number of joints to the funiculus of the antenne
is, taken alone, not a sufficient basis fora genus, but by some authors it
has been regarded as of the first importance, and we may use it, in the
present state of our knowledge, either as generic or sub-generic, or even
as merely specific.

It may perhaps be of advantage, in this connection, to give the chief
points of some of the classifications of the group that have been put
forward by different authors ; the first writer who gave very special
attention to the Rhynchophora was Schénherr, whose work ‘‘ Genera
et Species Curculionidum” (Paris, 1833—1845) is one of the most
laborious and valuable monographs of the order Coleoptera that has
ever been published; he divides the Cureulionide into two great
divisions, the Orthoceri and the Gonatoceri ; the Orthoceri he defines as
follows:—“ Antenne not broken, that is, not geniculate at the second
joint ; seape or basal joint not strongly elongate; rostral scrobes, pro-
perly so called, scarcely existent”; under this group are classed the
Bruchides, Anthribides, Attelabides, Rhinomacerides, Apionides and
Rhamphides, besides the Brenthides and other groups not represented in
Britain ; the Gonatoceri are thus characterized :—“ Antenne geniculate
(in nonullis tamen indistincte, quorum scapus etiam brevior, sed semper

104 RHYNCHOPHORA.

in scrobe tostrali insertus); scape usually eiongate, nearly always
(sepissime) inserted in a channel or scrobe at the sides of rostrum”
(vol. i. p. 7); the latter definition, however, is not very satisfactory, and
its wording is somewhat contradictory.

In the ‘“ Skandinaviens-Coleoptera,” vol. x. p. 147 (1868), Thomson
divides the group Rhynchophori into eight families, which he places
under two “stirpes”; Stirps I. contains the Bruchide, Anthribide,
Rhinomaceride, and Attelabide, and is characterized as having “the
abdomen with the ventral segments immoveable, the second being about
equal to the third, and the pygidium nearly always exposed ; antennze
straight, 11-jointed; posterior coxe contiguous or not widely distant ;
tarsal claws usually bifid”; the remaining families, forming Stirps IJ.,
are the Apionide, Curculionide, Cossonide, and Tomicide, which are
defined as having “the abdomen with the three last ventral segments
moveable, and the two first connate, the second nearly always much
longer than the third; antenne nearly always broken and clavate ; pos-
terior femora usually far exceeding the margin of the elytra.”

In 1876 Dr. Leconte and Dr. Horn published their well-known
work on ‘* The Rhynchophora of America North of Mexicv,” which had
been preceded by smaller works on the same subject (1874-1875) ; in
these publications they endeavour to prove that the Rhynchophora are
the most archaic forms of the order Coleoptera, that they are isolated
from.all the other forms, and that they are “restricted to a more uni-
form type of organization than is exhibited in the normal Coleoptera ; but
at the same time being represented by an immense number of species
the generic modifieations are very varied ” (1. c. p. vii.); taking all these
circumstances into consideration, these authors hold that the proper
place for the section is at the end of the order, and in this I quite agree
with them, and have adopted for them this position ; as, however, Dr.
Leconte observes (1. ¢, p. ix.) they were not the first to propose this
alteration, which was first put forward by Lorenz Oken (Elements of
Physiophilosophy, translated by Alfred Tulk, London, Ray Society,
1847). Leconte and Horn define the Rhynchophorous Coleoptera as
‘‘those in which the posterior lateral elements of the head and prothorax
coalesce on the median line of the under surface of the body, so as to
unite by a single suture ”; in this definition they are followed by Bedel,
whose work “ Faune des Coléoptéres du Bassin de la Seine, Tome vi.
Rhynchophora (1888)” will be often alluded to during the remainder
of the present volume ; Dr. Sharp, however, has recently pointed out
(Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1889, Part I. pp. 42* and 47) that this defini-
tion does not hold good, at all events as far as the prosternum is con-
ecrned, forin the Attelabide the apices of the epimera are widely sepa-
rated by a piece which he ealls the centro-sternal piece, and in the Rhyn-
chitide this centro-sternal piece, although small, is in many cases present.

* On page 42, line 7, there is an unfortunate erratum, “absent’’ being printed
for ‘* apparently absent.”

:
‘

lh I

RHYNCHOPHORA. 105

The following table shows the method of subdivision as given by
‘Leconte and Horn (bh. c. p. xv.): it rests chiefly on the structure of the
pygidium, and the presence or absence of a peculiar ridge on the inner
surface of the elytra, into which the ascending margin of the metathoracic
epimera and ventral segments fit.

I. Pygidium alike in the male and female, formed of a
single piece; elytra without lateral fold on inner
surface . - - . - HAPLOGASTRA.
i, Labrum distinct, mandibles flat, simple . ae . +» RHINOMACERIDE.
ii. Labrum wanting.
ay Mandibles flat, toothed on outer and inner edge . RAYNCHITIDE.
- 2, Mandibles stout, pincer-shaped . ATTELABIDZ.
Ii. Pygidium unlike in the male and female, formed of
two distinct segments ; Aves with an acute lateral fold
on the inner surface . . - « « ALLOGASTRA.
. Antenne with annulated or - solid club.

1. Tarsi narrow, setose ; um excavated . . (BYRSOPIDZ.
" "Tart row; stones proernom ekcratd, )

ye Mandibles with deciduous tip, bearing a scar OTIORRHYNCHIDZ.
B. Mandibles without scar, usually pincer-shaped © CuRCULIONIDE.
ii, Antenne with ten or eleven distinct joints . (BRENTHIDZ.)
Ill. Pygidium alike in the male and female, formed of a
single piece; elytra with a distinct lateral fold on the
inner surface. 7 # » « «se. HETEROGASTRA.
_ i, Pygidium vertical or declivous.
1. Antenne geniculate, clubbed; labrum eile |
last spiracle covered by ventral segments. . . CALANDRIDZ.
2. Antenne straight; labrum distinct; last spiracle
not covered by ventral seginents ; pygidium deeply
notched to receive sutural apex of elytra - . « ANTHRIBIDZ.
- ii, Pygidium horizontal, smaller.
1. Antennz geniculate, clubbed ; terminal edge of
last ventral segment acute, surrounding the last
dorsal ; tibiee generally compressed and serrate ScCOLYTID#.
2. Antenne straight, with annulated club; maxilla
very large, palpi and ligula feeble . . . . . APIONIDA.

Although the table is of considerable value, yet it can hardly be
ed as altogether accurate; as pointed out by Bedel, the genus
Apion, which is placed in the Heterogastra, has the pygidium in the
male composed of two segments as in the Allogastra, and some of the
Haplogastra, as, for instance, Byctiscus, have the lateral fold on the
inner surface of the elytra as fully developed as in the Allogastra, and
doubtless several other exceptions could easily be discovered.

In discussing the question of the Classification of the Rhynchophora
we can hardly omit some reference to the work of Lindeman (Bull.
Mosc. LI., 1876, pp. 159, &c.); this author separates the families on
the presence or absence of a mechanical digestive apparatus in the
gizzard ; this is wanting in the Anthribide, Bruchide, Rhinomaceridz,
Attelabide and Apionide, but is possessed by the remaining tribes ;
it ordinarily consists of longer or shorter ‘lates (Kauplatte), (usually

106 RHYNCHOPHORA.

furnished with bristles or bristly tubereles and cross raised lines) con-
tinued behind into two longer or shorter lobes (Kaulade); these are
sometimes bordered on their inner edges by a rather broad raised
bristly margin (Kaubirste); the families may be divided as follows
(pp. 160-161).
I. Digestive apparatus consisting only of the
lobes, without plate.
i. Lobes without bristly raised margins
(ilirsten) |< san tee deat seeded CuURCULIONID.
ii. Lobes with bristly raised margins . . RHYNOCH@ NID,
II. Digestive apparatus consisting of the

lobes, and a front portion or plate of unequal

length with the lobes, this portion being

furnished with bristly tubercles (borsten)

or cross raised lines . . . . . . . . RHYNCOLIDZ and HYLEsInipz.
III. Digestive apparatus consisting of lobes

and a plate, which are of equal length.

i. Lobes without bristly raised margins . Sconyripm.

ii. Lobes with bristly raised margins . . TomIctpH.

I have just mentioned this Classification, which appears to give valuable
results, but is obviously beyond the ordinary student of the Coleoptera ;
at the same time it is certain that the internal as well as the external
structure of the various groups and families requires far more considera-
tion than has hitherto been bestowed upon it.

In the present state of our knowledge the work on the group by
Bedel before alluded to (p. 104) appears to me to be the most valuable
that has yet appeared, and I have made considerable use of it ; he has,
however, missed the important character of the presence of a centro-
sternal piece in the Attelabide and certain of the Rhynchitide, and his
figure of the prosternum of Attelabus (=Cyphus, P1.I. fig. 5) seems to be
incorrect ; he appears also to be wrong in removing Wanophyes from. its
connection with Cronus and placing it with Apion (although it must be
allowed to be somewhat a transitionary genus) and in classing together
so many genera under Ceuthorrhynchus and Amalus; in the latter case
perhaps we ought rather to say that he is premature; in fact I was
inclined to follow him at first in this respect, but after some considera-
tion have rewritten portions of my work and again separated them, as
too much synthesis is apt to confuse the student, and in the present
state of our knowledge it is quite immaterial which course we adopt as
far as scientific accuracy is concerned. With regard to Bedel’s nomen-
clature I cannot in many cases see that the numerous radical alterations
are necessary; I have always agreed with Dr. Sharp in his views
regarding the changes so (apparently) unnecessarily introduced into the
European catalogue of Heyden Reitter and Weise (vide Vol. I. Preface,
p- vi.), and on this point cannot do better than quote his remarks under
the genus Attelabus (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, Part 1. p. 52) :—

“Quite recently Bedel has found in the fact that by the earlier
authors various genera were mixed under Altelabus, a pretext for

ee ee

Mb iment

RHYNCHOPHORA, 107

changing the names, and rendering the entomological literature of the
last 80 years—so far as relates to these insects—useless, or worse than
useless, some hundreds of synonyms being created by this apparently
simple change. The 100 species at present ealled Apoderus are each
and all to become Atielabus ; the 100 species of Attelabus are each and
all to become Cyphus ; and ‘the thirty species of Cyphus are to become
Neocyphus Bedel. In addition to this the numerous genera and sub-
genera of Apoderus and Attelabus deseribed by Jekel will become a
means of rendering the confusion more confounded ;” after a few more
remarks Dr. Sharp adds, “I reject the change proposed by Bedel as
being a source of the greatest confusion, and as offering no advantage
whatever to compensate for this.”

In classifying the various families it appears more satisfactory to
adopt the character taken from the formation of the maxillary palpi
(Bedel, 1. c. p. 3) than to lay too much stress upon the presence or
absence of a rostrum, as in certain of the Platyrrhinide the rostrum is as
little developed as in the Scolytide ; the character may be objected to as
not being very evident, but it is easy to dissect out the mouth parts from
the apex of the rostrum with a fine needle ground to an edge, in any of
the Curculionide ; it must, however, be remembered that we know very
little at. present regarding the exotic allies of the Rhinomacerida, and that
intermediate forms leading from Rhinomacer (which is one of the most
interesting of the Rhynchophora) up to the Rhynchitide may very
likely be discovered.

In the present state of our knowledge and as far as the British fauna
is concerned, the division of the families adopted by Bedel (I. c. p. 3) is
perhaps as good as any that has been suggested ; the characters are in
some measure the same as Thomson’s, but the latter author lays more
stress on the relative length and mobility of the ventral segments; the
Platypodide are, however, best regarded as a section of the Scolytide ;
later on in his work (p. 315) Bedel adopts this arrangement; by several
authors the Bruchide are included under the Rhynchophora, but their
position has been before discussed (Vol. iv. p. 257).

I. Maxillary palpi resembling those of the majority of the
Coleoptera, not rigid; labrum distinct ; antenne straight.

i, Anterior coxe globose, slightly exserted ; pygidium

ee a er 2 ene ae ener PLATYBRHINID.

ii. Anterior coxz conical ; pygidium covered . . . RHINOMACERIDZ.
Il. Maxillary palpi rigid, short and conical, tapering to a

point; maxillz very broad ; labrum as a rule indistinct.*

i, Rostrum always distinct, more or less elongate ; legs not

fossorial ; anterior tibiz (in our species) not denticulate

RRS ee ae es > eee ese se CURCULIONIDZ.
ii. Rostrum absent o or rudimentary ; legs fossorial ; enterion :
ibis: more or less strongly denticulate externally - . + SCOLYTID2.

* Bedel says of this section “labrum very rarely distinct, and in that case the legs
fossorial ’’; and Attelabus, however, the question of the labrum seems doubtful.

108 RHYNCHOPHORA,

The larve of the Rhynchophora do not call for any particular remark; their chief
characters are given by Erichson (Archives de Wiegman 1842, I. p. 573) and
Chapuis et Candeze (Cat. des Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 195), and may be summed
up as follows:—Head corneous, rounded, with the mouth directed inferiorly ; ocelli
wanting or present in smal] number on each side; antenne very short, usually quite
rudimentary ; labrum distinct ; mandibles strong and hard, often obtusely toothed at
apex; maxille and maxillary palpi variable; thoracic segments often somewhat
more developed than the following; abdominal segments nine in number, usually
furnished with transverse folds, often narrowed towards apex ; anal segment not project-
ing and hardly ever furnished with traces of appendages ; legs, asa rule, absent, some-
times represented by tubercles, and occasionally somewhat deyeloped ; these larvae are
usually more or less curved but are rarely straight, as in the case of those that mine
leaves (as Orchestes); the general colour is whitish or yellowish with the head dark,
but some larve are more or less variegated ; they are all, as far as is known, vegetable
feeders, with the exception of the larves of Brachytarsus, which are parasitic on
species of Coccus as will be hereafter noticed; occasionally certain species do great
damage to various plants and trees.

In al] measurements given for the Rhynchophora it must be remem-
bered that the rostrum is not included, and that the length is taken
from the head at the base of the rostrum to the apex of the elytra or
pygidium.,

PLATYRRHINIDE (Anthribide).

The members of this family are usually regarded as connecting the
Rhynchophora and the Longicornia through Macrocephalus ( Anthribus)
and Lamia; they are very variable in size and general appearance, and
may be distinguished from all the other Rhynchophora with the exception
of the Rhinomaceride by having the maxillary palpi normal and flexible,
and also by having the labrum distinct and at the same time the legs
non-fossorial ; the antenne are straight and are terminated by a three-
jointed club, which is usually, but not always, abrupt; sometimes they
are very long, especially in the males; the rostrum is very short and
broad and seareely produced, and is furnished with short transverse
scrobes ; the mandibles are flattened, and are curved, pointed or emar-
ginate at apex ; the pygidium is exposed and the epipleure of the elytra
are distinct ; the anterior coxe are globose, slightly exserted and
separated, and the posterior cox are contiguous or slightly distant ;
the tarsi have the third joint almost concealed within the second,
except in the Urodontide, which are not represented in Britain,
although Urodon rufipes has been erroneously admitted to a place
in our lists; the family contains more than a hundred genera and
between four and five hundred species, of which ten genera and about
fifty species have been found in Europe; of these five genera, repre-
sented by only eight species, occur in Britain, and several of these are
very rare insects.

The Brenthide, a large and important tropical family of the Rhyn-
chophora, which are represented in Europe by only two species, neither
of which occur in Britain, are usually placed near the present family :
they are chiefly remarkable for their very long narrow body, and slender,

sg
Se a ee

Platyrrhinide.] RHYNCHOPHORA. - 109

and, in many cases, very long rostrum ; they are perhaps representatives
of one of the most archaic forms of the Coleoptera. The Anthribide,
as represented in our fauna, may be divided into the two following
tribes :—

I. Antenne inserted at the sides of the rostrum, with the
point of insertion invisible from above. . .. . - . . PLATYRRHININA.

II. Antennz inserted on the upper surface of the rostrum, with

_ the point of insertion visible from above. . . . . . . CHORAGINA.

PLATYRRHININA.

This tribe contains nearly all the members of the family and includes
the Anthribina and Brachytarsina of Thomson ; the species are variable
in size, and especially in the length of the antennas, but they are closely
allied by reason of their very short and broad rostrum, and by having
the antennz inserted at the sides of the rostrum with the point of the
insertion invisible from above.

It appears best to adopt the names here used for the tribe and family
in preference to Anthribina and Anthribide, as the name Macrocephalus
is with advantage employed for the insect known to us as Anthribus
albinus, the generic name Anthribus having been in part referred to
Brachytarsus by some authors ; the six* European genera belonging to
the tribe are represented in Britain, with the exception of Phenotherion
and Cratoparis.

The larve of nearly all the Curculionide are feeders on vegetable
substances ; a notable exception is, however, furnished by the species of
Brachytarsus, the larve of which are parasitic on various Cocci.

The British genera may be distinguished as follows :—

I. Thorax without a distinct transverse ridge before base.
i. Rostrum not bilobed ; antennz short; anterior coxe
* contiguous; sizesmall . ... . .- - . . + Bracuyrtarsus, Schink.
ii. Rostrum strongly bilobed in front; antenne long,
especially in male; anterior cox distant; size
MOG) eed) 0, Ghent ama; b. Sry sdl © > ela AOMOCRPRALUS, OL.
(Anthribus, Brit. Ent.)
II. Thorax with a distinct transverse ridge before base.
i. Thorax with a strong dilatation at sides and with
the transverse keel before base interrupted in middle ;
On ER es ee a eo wees btn EATER EMIMOS, CUASTD,
ii. Thorax without dilatation at sides and with the
transverse keel before base not interrupted; size
meld S25eic2) 35. Te) Ss as ~ « © « + » TROPIDERES, Schinh.

* Enedreutes Schinh. is here regarded as a part of Tropideres : a long description of
the arte of Enedreutes ozyacanthe is given by Perris (Larves des Coléoptéres,

110 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Brachytarsus-

BRACHYTARSWUWS, Schonherr.

This genus contains upwards of twenty species, of which nine are
found in Europe and the remainder in North America, Siberia end
Brazil: they are small, short, thickset insects, which vary considerably
in size and colour; the antenne are short, with distinct three-jointed
club, and the tibie are stout and dilated towards apex ; the thorax at
base is sinuate on either side and has no transverse keel before base ; the
larve, as has been observed above, are parasitic on certain species of
Coccus, and undergo their transformations under the dry skin or cocoon
of the females; the larva of B. fasciatus has been found parasitic on
Lecanium genevense on the white-thorn, and on Pulvinaria carpint on
the hornbeam: it has also been found with Cocci on Spirea salicifolia ;
the larva of B. varius has. been found under the cocoon of Lecanium
racemosum (= abietis) on the pine.*

I. Strize coarse ; lateral border of thorax marked through-

out; prevailing colour of elytra*brick-red . . . .
II. Stria comparatively fine; lateral border of thorax

marked towards posterior angles only ; prevailing colour
of elytra pitchy-blackk . . . . . . « . s « « « B.Vantius, #.

RB, rasoratus, Forst.

B. fasciatus, Forst. (scabrosus, F.). Short oval, convex, dull ;
head black, rather large, with eyes prominent, rugosely punctured ;
thorax black, transverse, with the sides rounded, and narrowed in front,
the lateral border marked throughout, and the posterior angles somewhat
strongly produced, punctuation rugose; elytra reddish, variegated with
black and whitish oblong spots, scutellary region fuscous, punctured
strie coarse, interstices finely rugose; antenne and legs black; the

colour is somewhat variable, the dark patches being larger in some.

specimens than in others, L. 3-4 mm.

In decaying white-thorn and elm; local, but sometimes found in abundance,
Lee (Kent), Richmond, Highgate, Peckham, Weybridge, Chobham, Putney,
Camberwell, Ripley, Wimbledon, Forest Hill (where Mr. Champion once took it in
the greatest profusion in white-thorn blossom in May); Hertford; Dover; Ports-
mouth (out of decayed furze); Wood Ditton, Cambridge ; Weston, Oxon; North-
ampton; Swansea; Llangollen; Cannock Chase; Repton; Bretby Wood near
Repton; Barton Moss, Cheshire; Nocton near Lincoln. ;

B. varius, F. (variegatus, Foure.), Very like the preceding, but
easily distinguished by the much finer strie of the elytra and the fact
that the lateral border of the thorax is marked towards posterior angles
only, as well as by the colour, which is black with ashy lines on the
thorax and ashy subquadrate or oblong patches on the interstices of the
elytra ; the markings on the thorax are, however, very often rubbed
and scarcely apparent; the thorax, too, is longer and the second joint

* Mr. R. Newstead, Curator of the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, has quite recently
(August, 1890) sent me a specimen of B. varius with the following remark: ‘I have
just bred it from a new Coccid (Lecanium distinguendum, Douglas), which I discovered
this year at Delamere Forest on Vaccinium.”

eel oa

ales

Brachytarsus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 111

of the antenne is twice as long as the third, whereas in B. fasciatus
it is scarcely longer. L. 23-4 mm.

In decaying white-thorn, and also on firs and hazels ; local; London district, rare,
Darenth, Forest Hill, and Ripley (Surrey); Portsmouth district; New Forest;
Llangollen; Northampton; Repton, Bretby Wood (on firs, in some numbers and
yery variable in size); Nocton near Lincoln; Scotland, local, amongst old hazel

; Solway district; Stephens records itas common in the north and in Scot-
laud, but I know of no localities in that country except the one last mentioned.

MACROCEPHALUS, Olivier (Anthribus Schénherr).

This genus contains one large and conspicuous European species which
may at once be known by the fact that the antenne are nearly as long
as the body in the male; it thus forms a transition between the Longicornia
and the Rhynchophora ; the rostrum is deeply incised at apex ;-the third
joint of the antennz is much longer than the second and the club is not
abrupt ; the eyes are emarginate ; the thorax has no distinct transverse
keel before base and the anterior coxe are evidently separated; the
species is found in rotten wood.

™. albinus, L. Oblong, subeylindrical, dusky brown, sometimes
almost black, with the rostrum, forehead, anterior margin of thorax, apex
of elytra and a larger or smaller spot on each towards suture thickly
covered with white scales; extreme apex of elytra with a fuseous spot ;
antenne dark with the eighth and base of the ninth joints white;
thorax with the sides slightly rounded and narrowed in front, with three
tubercles on disc, arranged horizontally ; elytra with punctured strie,
coloured as above, and further with more or less distinct series of black
silken tufts, somewhat widened behind; legs rather long annulated with
brown and white pile. L. 7-10 mm.

Male with the antennz not or scarcely shorter than the body.

Female with the antenne comparatively short, not reaching much-
beyond base of thorax.

In decaying trees, especially oaks, willows, and birches; very local and, as a rule,
rare ; London district, very rare, Ashford (Kent), Eltham, Darenth Wood, Graves-
end ; formerly in Kensington Gardens ; Abbots Wood ; Folkestone; Guestling near
Hastings ; Dorset ; Norfolk; Bewdley Forest, where Mr. Stevens says it was formerly
common ; it does not, however, appear to have been met with by Mr, Blatch, who
has collected so much in this locality ; abundant near Newcastle (G. Wailes); in
Mr. Bold’s catalogue there is a note to the effect that it used to be met with in

plenty at Gibside, but none have been taken for many years past; Mr. Wailes’ speci-
mens are probably the ones referred to. ras ee

PLATYRRHINUS, Clairville,

This genus is represented by one large species, which is found in
fungi on old ash trees, and also in decaying beech, birch, and alder ;
it is the largest representative of the family that occurs in Europe ; the
antennz are short and terminate in a well marked three-jointed club;
the eyes are round and entire and the rostrum is not bilobed ; the thorax
has a strong projection on each side a little behind middle and the keel

112 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Piatyrrhinus.

before base is interrupted; the elytra are oblong, parallel-sided and
rather depressed. ;

P. latirostris, F. A very large and conspicuous species, oblong,
depressed ; rostrum (except apex), head, scutellum, apex of elytra and
some indistinct wavy bands on the same, abdomen and part of legs
clothed with ashy scale-like pubescence (or as Thomson calls it ‘sub-
squamose’); upper surface dull and rugose, elytra with raised lines ;
thorax about as long as broad with sides slightly and evenly rounded and
produced into a lobe at about middle and witha raised transverse carina
before base; elytra broader at base than thorax, parallel-sided,very broadly
and bluntly rounded at apex ; legs moderately long. L. 9-12 mm.

Male with the abdomen longitudinally impressed in middle, the
antenne with joints 3-4 elongate and the eighth subovate.

Female with the abdomen without impression, and the antenne with
joints 3-4 shorter, the eighth being round.

In fungi (Spheria) on trees, especially on old beech and ash trees; rare;
Stephens records it as rare in the London district, but I know of no captures in recent
years; not uncommon near Cheltenham (Rye); Salford Priors (Blatch); Bristol ;
Ugbrooke Park near Chudleigh, Devon (Bowring) ; Swansea (occasionally on ash
trees) ; Scotland, extremely rare, Tay district (Sharp); it probably occurs in inter-
vening localities; Mr. Rye (British Beetles, Ist Ed. p. 179) says “ it lives upon
Spheria and other fungi growing on ash trees, &c., burrowing also in the rotten
wood, or lurking under loose bark, and having a particularly comical way of elevating
itself by its front legs, though usually of sedate appearance.” ;

TROPIDERES, Schonherr.

This is rather a large genus, containing nearly fifty species, of which
about a dozen are found in Europe; the remainder are very widely
distributed, representatives having been described from Cuba (in which
island no less than twelve species have occurred), Java, Mauritius,
Isle of Bourbon, Caleutta, Ceylon, Tahiti, North America, South
Africa, Tasmania, &c.; they are comparatively small, robust insects,
and somewhat resemble Brachytarsus in general appearance ; they are,
however, easily distinguished from the latter genus by the distinct un-
interrupted transverse raised keel before base; the eyes are entire and
the antenne comparatively long, attaining at least to the base of the
thorax ; the anterior coxe are scarcely distant; the first joint of the
tarsi is much longer than the second.

The larve of J’. albirostris, T. sepicola, and T. niveirostris are described by
Perris (Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 860-361); they are thick white grubs with the
head reddish and the legs somewhat developed, but do not call for any particular
remark ; they burrow into the dead branches of oak, hornbeam, poplar, &c

The three British species are extremely rare, and are represented in
very few collections; they may be distinguished as follows :—

I. Thorax without tufts of raised hairs on disc.

i. Thorax plainly bifoveolate on disc; rostrum larger
and more dilated at apex . . . . . . « + T. ALBrRosTRIS, Herbst,

“ile

Tropideres.] RHYNOHOPHORA. 113

ii, Thorax without impressions on disk; rostrum
shorter, scarcely dilated at apex. . . . . - . TT. NiverRostRis, F.
IL. Thorax with two tufts of raised hairs towards the

ees Or aand, he EO Soe eee Se Td 2 T. sEPpicona, F.

T. albirostris, Herbst. Oblong, dusky black ; rostrum compara-

tively long with white squamose pile ; eyes somewhat approximating on
forehead ; antennz black; thorax narrowed in front, with an elevated
and scarcely undulated, almost straight, carina at base, moderately punc-
tured, disc with two plain fovee and two others more or less obsolete ;
elytra with a whitish patch at scutellum, and a large white patch at
apex, the latter variegated with black ; towards the suture there is a
_ series of velvety black tufts; legs dark, annulated with white. L. 4-5}
mm.
In dead wood of beech, oak, and certain species of poplar; extremely rare; on
palings near Norwich (Stephens); I know of no other record and the species, perhaps,
requires further confirmation as indigenous; it has occurred in Sweden, Central
Europe, and Eastern Siberia.

T. niveirostris, F. Allied to the preceding, from which it may

easily be known by its much shorter rostrum, which is scarcely dilated
at apex, and by having the thorax even and not foveolate; dusky
black, with the antennz pale ferruginous, and the rostrum and head,
scutellum, and apex of elytra thickly clothed with snowy scales: there
are also patches of ashy pubescence on the thorax and elytra, inter-
mingled on the latter with velvety black patches; the basal carina or
raised line on thorax is slightly sinuate at the sides; legs variegated
with white pile, tibiz and tarsi more or less ferruginous. L. 33-4} mm.
_ Male with the antennz longer and the posterior tibie with a hook
at apex.
_ In dead branches of oak, hazel, beech, and lime; by beating dead hedges and
faggot stacks in woods; very rare; New Forest, June, 1831 (Hope) ; Coombe Wood
and Shirley (Stephens) ; Darenth Wood (Champion) ; near Farnham, Surrey (Power) ;
West Wickham (Power); Buddon Wood, Leicester, September 10th, 1860 ( Plant).

T. sepicola, F. (ephippinm, Boh.). Allied. to the preceding, but
easily distinguished by the fact that the thorax has two black fascicles
or tufts of raised pile on the middle of disc, and the elytra a common
velvety-black dorsal patch, which is usually large; the general colour
is black variegated with ashy; the antenne are red, with the third
joint shorter than the fourth ; the elevated basal keel of the thorax is
almost straight, and the eyes are broadly distant on the forehead and
somewhat prominent. L 33-4} mm.

In woods, in dead branches of oak and hornbeam ; extremely rare ; a single example
was found on August 18th, 1856, by Mr. F. Plant, of Leicester, “in a decayed oak-
bough, of which he carried home a bag full for exsmination from Buddon Wood,
near Quorndon, Leicestershire”’ (Eut. Annual, 1857, 84).

CHORAGINA.

This tribe contains a few genera of which Choragus alone is indigenous
VoL. Y. I

114 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Choragina.

to Europe, the single species of Arwocerus, which is found on the Con-
tinent, being evidently an importation ; they may be known from the
preceding tribe by having the antennz inserted on the upper surface
of the rostrum with the point of the insertion visible from above : the
rostrum is very short.

CHORAGUS, Kirby.

Five species are comprised in this genus, three from Europe and two
from North America; one only is found in Britain; it is a small dark
insect with the body subcylindrical and the elytra rather strongly
sculptured ; the larva is described at length by Perris (1. c. p. 358); it
burrows into dead wood of whitethorn and chestnut, but its galleries
are not extensive as during the four or five months of its life they
only attain a length of 7-8 mm.; the chief peculiarity of the genus
is that its members have the power of leaping strongly developed, a
fact from which it derives its name. ;

Cc. Sheppardi, Kirby. Oblong, subcylindrical, very finely pubes-
cent, black or fuscous black, with the base of antenne, and the tibie
and tarsi ferruginous, the former being often partially dark; antenne
with the two first joints thick, 3-8 slender, 9-11 forming a club; eyes
entirely lateral, forehead broad ; thorax dull, narrowed in front, seulp-
ture extremely close, consisting of very minute round, slightly raised
tubercles, base with a strong straight sharply raised transverse carina ;
elytra slightly shining, with rows of coarse punctures, pygidium exposed,
interstices very finely sculptured; legs moderate, tarsi rather stout,
L. 13 mm. :

In dead twigs in hedges, &c.; also sitting on the trunks of trees on or near the
roots; rare; Chatham, Sevenoaks, Mea | oa Ripley, Cowley, Kegworth, Chatham,
Croydon; Barham, Suffolk; Newmarket Heath; Littlington, near Cambridge ;
Kingsgate, near Margate (where I have taken several specimens in a small plan-
tation with the Rev. T. Wood, all sitting at the base of trunks of trees); Deal (on
several occasions) ; Salford Priors, near Evesham ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent ; Ripon ;
Dunham Park, Manchester; the species resembles a Cis or Dryophilus and is pro-
bably often passed over; it may be easily known by its power of leaping.

RHINOMACERIDZA (Nemonychide, H. R. W.).

This family, which is extremely limited, containing as it does three
genera, each represented by a single species, forms a transition between
the Platyrrhinide and the Curculionide ; to the former it is allied by
having the maxillary palpi normal and flexible, the labrum distinct and
the antenne straight, while by the more developed rostrum and general
appearance its members approach the Rhynchitina ; certain of the species,
moreover, beara strong analogy to some of the Heteromera, as for in-
stance Rhinosimus and Mycterus; in the Curculionide proper the
maxillary palpi are quite abnormal, being rigid and conical, with the

aa. 2

coals
"5

Rhinomaceride.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 115

jvints gradually diminishing in size, and the labrum is indistinct ; in
the Scolytide, in which the formation of the maxillary palpi is much
the same as in the Cureulionide, the labrum is sometimes distinct, but
in this case the legs are nearly always more or less fossorial ; from the
Platyrrhinide the present family is distinguished by the long loose elub
of the antennz, the more developed rostrum, which has no scrobes, the
conical anterior coxe, the completely covered pygidium, and the equal
length of the segments of the abdomen.

Of the three genera Nemonyx, Dedycorrhyncus and Rhinomacer, the
last only is found in Britain; from the first of these genera it may be
distinguished by its simple tarsal claws, and from the second by the
absence of epipleure and the very strongly developed labrum.

RHINOMACER, Fabricius (Cimberis, Des Gozis).

This genus contains four species, one of which oceurs in Europe and
the other three in North America; they are found on the male blossoms
(chatons) of the pine, in which the female lays its eggs ; they are rather
long, slender insects, and bear a resemblance to some of the narrower
species of Rhynchites ; some modern authors apply the name of Cimberis
to the genus, and assign the name Rhinzomacer to Byctiscus ; this, how-
ever, causes considerable confusion.

R. attelaboides, F. Elongated, brassy-black, thickly clothed with

' long ashy or yellowish pubescence, antenne and legs red, tarsi more or
less

; rostrum dilated at apex, antennez long and slender, with
very gradual three-jointed club; eyes prominent; thorax at least as
long as broad, subcylindrical ; elytra long, somewhat depressed, parallel-
sided, considerably broader at base than thorax, closely and distinctly
punctured ; legs long. L. 33-5 mm.

Male with the anterior tibiz evidently curved on their inner side, and
the last four joints of the antenne with white pubescence ; abdomen
without special fringes of hair.

Female with the anterior tibiae almost straight, and the third and
fourth ventral segments of abdomen furnished in middle with a row of
thick yellow hairs.

Cn Scotch fir ; very local, and apparently confined to the north of England and
Scotland; Studley Park, Ripon (Waterhouse) ; Carlisle (Heysham); Scotland, local,
Solway, Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee and Moray districts (Moffat, Alvie, Braemar,
Aviemore, Inverness, ke. ).

CURCULIONIDZ.

This family contains by far the majority of the Rhynchophora ; its
members may be distinguished from those of the two preceding families

by the formation of the maxillary palpi, which are short, rigid and

conical ; the more or less strongly developed rostrum will distinguish
them from the Scolytide, from wlush, moreover, they differ in the fact
I

116 RHYNCHOPHORA. ~[ Curculionide.

that the anterior tibie are not denticulate on their outer margins ; it is
very hard, however, to define the family satisfactorily, and still harder
to divide it into satisfactory sub-families or tribes; the genera may, with
one or two exceptions, be arranged fairly naturally under the four
following sub-families :—

I. Trochanters long, widely separating the coxe and femora ;
antenna nearly always straight . . . .....
II. Trochanters short, upper and lower angles of coxa

reaching or almost reaching femora. *
i, Antenue straight ; intermediate coxee oblique; epimera
of prosternum often separated by a centro-sternal piece ATTELABINE.
ii. Antenne nearly always geniculate; intermediate coxce
rounded ; epimera of prosternum meeting at apex.
1. Mandibles provided externally at apex with a corneous
appendage, which usually falls off as soon as the insect
emerges from the pupa state, but always leaves a
cicatrix or scar behind. . . . . . . . . . . BRAOHYRRHININA.
2. Mandibles without corneous appendage or cicatrix . CuRCULIONINA.

APIONINE.

Sus-ram. Attelabine.

This sub-family of the Cureulionide contains two important tribes,
the Attelabina and the Rhynchitina, which are very widely distributed
throughout the world, and contain about a dozen genera, comprising a
considerable number of species which in many cases are brightly
coloured and conspicuous insects that inhabit various trees and often do

very considerable damage by rolling the leaves as cases for their larve, ~

or by depositing their eggs in young fruit that has just set ; they may
be known by having the anterior cox conical-cylindrical, exserted and
contiguous, the central projection of the first ventral segment acuminate
at apex, and the segments of the abdomen uneven in length, the last
being very small; the intermediate cox are oblique; the antennz are
straight, with the seape more or less short, and the pygidium is almost
always exposed; the two tribes may be distinguished as follows :-—
I. Epimera of mesosternum widely separated from the inter-

mediate cox; apices of prosternal epimera separated bya

broad centro-sternal piece; external border of the man-

dibles simple; all the tibie toothed on their internal

MATZIN .. «+6 4s. 6,\ Oe Oey dite ee Gee Arn BEN A
II. Epimeraof mesosternum almost reaching the intermediate

coxee ; apices of prosternal epimera meeting or separated

by a narrow centro-sternal piece; external border of the

mandibles cut out into large teeth ; tibie, asa rule, simple

on their internal margin . . . . . + . « « « « RHYNCHITINA.

ATTELABINA.

This tribe contains a few genera, which have, however, been very

* In Nanophyes the construction of the trochanters appears to resemble that of
Apion, but it is so closely connected with Cionus that it can scarcely be separated
from it, and must therefore be regarded as an exception.

eas Aimee: ye 7 =

“a

Attelabina.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 117

much multiplied by one or two authors ; the most important of these
are Apoderus and Attelabus, which are represented in Europe by two
and four species respectively, and in Britain by single species; they
differ from the Rhynchitina by having the tarsal claws connate and
thickened at base, and by the formation of the mandibles and the in-
termediate coxe; their life history is much the same as that of the
Rhynchitina; the females lay their eggs sometimes under the epidermis
of the leaves, and sometimes simply on the leaves, attaching them to
their surface by a viscous substance, and then roll the leaves over them
into cases, inside which the larve feed, the shape of the cases varying
with the species, as in Rhynchites ; inall cases the final transformations
appear to take place underground.
I. Head oval, strongly constricted behind; second joint of

antennz very short, about a third the length of the first ;

intermediate coxee broadly distant . . . .-+-.. . ApopeErts, Ol.

(Attelabus, Bedel.)

II. Head subquadrate, not constricted behind ; second joint

of antennz not much shorter than first ; intermediate coxz

only slightly distant. . . . . 2. - - + © © @© « Atretasts, L.

(Cyphus, Bedel.)

APODERWUS, Olivier (Attelabus, Bedel).

This genus contains about a hundred species, which are widely dis-
tributed in the Old World: the majority occur in Eastern Asia and
the adjacent islands, but they range from Kamtschatka to Ceylon and
Madagascar and the Cape of Good Hope, and representatives occur in
Sumatra, Bornco, &c.: outside of the tropics the species become less
numerous, and Europe possesses no peculiar species; they are easily
distinguished by the curious form of the head; in the males the head
is evidently narrower and more contracted behind than in the females
and less oval, and the anterior tibiz are more slender and less enlarged
at apex: in the females, moreover, the anterior tibiz are furnished with
a second terminal claw; Thomson (Skand. Col. vii. 27) says, “ Mas. :
tibiis apice intus unco armatis ; Femina: tibiis unco nullo”: as, how-
éver, I have taken the sexes together, I can confirm M. Bedel’s state-
ment (1. c. p. 22): the females have two distinct terminal claws to the
anterior tibia and the male one large one. Bedel remarks that the
Swedish authors, usually so exact and accurate, have all through the
Attelabide assigned the male characters to the females, and vice versa :
although this does not seem to be always the case, yet it must be borne
in mind by all students who are working the group with the help of
Thomson’s “ Skandinaviens Coleoptera.”

A. coryli, L. (avellane, Steph.). Black, almost glabrous, thorax and
elytra, and more or less of femora, except base and apex, bright red ;
head variable in the sexes as above stated, long, channelled, constricted
into a neck behind, which is closely and distinctly punctured; thorax

118 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Apoderus.

longer in the male than in the female, with the anterior margin emar-
ginate, and the sides straighter and less rounded, in both sexes with a
deep central furrow at right angles to a transverse basal furrow ; often
there is an oblong black spot on disc; seutellum large, transverse,

shining black, punctured at base and raised behind ; elytra depressed,

much broader than thorax, dehiscent at apex, with shoulders very strongly
marked, and with strong rows of punctures, interstices finely sculptured,

second and fourth raised towards base ; legs long, femora clavate, with

teeth not apparent. L. 6-7 mm.

On young hazels; local, but not uncommon where it occurs ; it is very conspicuous
as it sits on the leaves in the sun ; Chatham, Darenth Wood, Leith Hill, Mickleham,
Hampstead, Sheppy; Hastings; Portsmouth district; Southampton; Glanvilles
Wootton ; Fordlands and Barnstaple, Devon (in the latter locality occasionally on
birch (Rev. H. Matthews)); Swansea; Cabridge; Malvern; Bewdley, &c.;
Repton, Burton-on-Trent; Langworth Wood near Lincoln; Cawood, Yorkshire;
Northumberland and Durham: district, scarce, Castle Eden Dene; Scotland, rare,
Solway, Tweed and Forth, districts; it is never abundant, but apparently occurs in
most of the large Midland and Mid-eastern woods in June and July.

ATTELABUS, Linné (Cyphus, Thunberg sec Bedel).

This genus comprises about a hundred species which are distributed
very widely over the surface of the globe both in temperate and tropical
countries, but are much more characteristic of the latter, the species
being especially numerous in Tropical America; they form a transition
between the Attelabina and the Rhynchitina, and may easily be known
from Apoderus by the subquadrate head, which is not pedunculate, the
narrowly separated intermediate cox, and the fact that the epimera of
the metasternum are rudimentary and glabrous and covered by the
elytra, whereas in <Apoderus they are long and pubescent and not
covered,

A. curculionoides, L. (Cyphus nitens, Scop.). Black, smooth and
shining, with the thorax and elytra bright red or reddish testaceous ;
head not constricted into a neck at base, rostrum somewhat dilated
towards apex, antenne short, with a rather long, three-jointed, club ;
thorax a little broader than long, diffusely and finely punctured ;
scutellum large, black ; elytra with rows of rather shallow punctures,
interstices with scattered punctures; legs long, femora clavate, tibic
denticulate on their inner side. LL. 4-6 mm.

Male with the anterior tibie armed with a single corneous curved
hook, situated at the apical internal angle; abdomen with tufts of
reddish hairs at the sides of the central line.

Female with the anterior tibie armed with two curved hooks at apex;
abdomen glabrous.

On young oaks, &c.; somewhat local but widely distributed; London district,

common, Chatham, Darenth Wood, Shooters Hill, Mickleham, Woking, Croydon,
Westerham, Chobham, Sandhurst, Dulwich, Abbey Wood; Norfolk ; Suffolk; Dover;

reba. a mi ~ i ™ =

site

Attelabus.j RHYNCHOPHORA. 119

Dallington Forest, Hastings; New Forest; Lords Wood and Shirley Warren,
Southampton ; Portsdown Hill, Portsmouth ; Devon ; Swansea (somewhat doubtful) ;
sarge (on oak and hazel) ; Forest of Dean (on chestnut); Bewdley, Sutton

Park, Birmingham, Robin’s ood, Repton and other midland localities ; Burnt
Wood, Staffordshire; York ; Ripon ; Scarborough ; Delamere Forest ; Northumber-

~ land and Durham district, rare, near Gilsland and at Twizell ; Scotland, rare, Tweed

and Forth districts ; it probably occurs in Ireland, but I do not know of any record ;

this species seems very ly distributed, especially in the Midland counties, and
is recorded by many fA. oe as common, but | have never yet seen it alive.

RHYNCHITINA.

‘This tribe contains a few genera of which by far the most important is
Rhynchites ; its members are distinguished from the Attelabina by
having the external border of the mandibles cut out into large teeth, and
by the free tarsal claws, which in most cases are appendiculate, and also
by the fact that the epimera of the mesosternum almost reach the

- intermediate coxe and the apices of the prosternal epimera either meet

or are separated by a small and narrow centro-sternal piece ; the proster-
num is very short before the anterior coxe; a large number of the
species are brilliantly coloured and very conspicuous insects ; our three
British genera have been by many authors united under Rhynchites,
but must be regarded as separate.

I, First ventral segment of the abdomen lobed on each side
between the posterior cox (the outer portion of which is
covered and concealed) and the side pieces of the meta-
sternum ; upper surface glabrous or only finely pubescent
towards apex of Le a ey ey ee ae eee Byctiscus, Thoms.
Ma Ries spall ergmant of fhe abdomen not lobed, so that
posterior cox appear larger and more transverse and
Stace ts che Pacviscle c¢iseseeetareee: upper
oe en
i. Apices of prosternal epimera meeting; abdomen wi
the pygidinm only exposed vertex of head not or
searcely constricted behind. . . Cd aa by . Raynenites, Schnetd.
ii. Apices of prosternal epimera narrowly separated by a
exntro-steenal pisce ; pygidium and propygidium as a
ee es j vertex of head large, strong! con-
stricted behind . . ... . on . - - Deporaus, Leach.

BYCTISCUS, Thomson (Rhinomacer, Geoffroy, nec F.).
The species belonging to this genus may be distinguished by the

- formation of the posterior cox and of the first ventral segment of the

abdomen ; the thorax is subglobose and is armed on each side in the
male with a long produced spine ; the upper surface is glabrous or almost
glabrous ; they are found on various trees; the female rolls the leaves
into the form of a cigar and lays her eggs in the dwelling thus con-

* In Deporaus mannerheimti, as pointed out by Dr. Sharp, the male has only the
pygidium exposed (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1889, Part I. p. 70.)

120 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Byctiseus,

structed for them: in some cases several leayes are joined together with
the same object; the method adopted by the insect appears to depend
on the size of the leaves; our two species (which are the only two that
occur in Europe *) are very conspicuous and handsome insects ; they
may be distinguished as follows:—
I. Elytra with scanty whitish pubescence at apex; upper

aud under surface of the same colour (green, golden-green,

bluish-green or violet), or if different, with the underside

green; forehead simply impressed . . . . . . . . . B. Brruteti, F.

(alni, Mill.)

II. Elytra entirely glabrous; upper surface green or golden-
green, under surface dark blue ; forehead witha deep broad
channel . 0). a's ORF eS Soe a PO ar ere

B. betuleti, F. (betula, L., + alni, Mill.). Upper surface golden-
green or deep blue; in the former case the under side is golden-green
and in the latter either green or unicolorous with the upper side; legs
coppery, or golden-green, or deep blue ; head and rostrum rather strongly
sculptured, forehead simply impressed ; thorax very convex, distinctly,
regularly, and moderately thickly punctured, with a longitudinal central
channel ; scutellum moderate ; elytra sericeous, finely pubescent behind,
with not very regular rows of punctures and the interstices thickly and
finely punctured ; legs moderately long. LL. 43-7 mm.

Male with a long projecting spine on each side of the front of thorax.

In woods on young birch and hazel ; very local, but not uncommon where it occurs ;
Darenth Wood (Power from 1858—1875, Champion, &c.); Westerham, Kent;
Hastings; Portsmouth district; Southampton; Glanvilles Wotton (very rare) ;
Swansea; Bretby Wood, Repton ; Baron Wood, Cumberland, and Scotland (Stephens) ;
it is not, however, recorded by either Bold or Sharp in the Northumberland and
Durham and Scotch Lists.

B. populi, L. Entirely glabrous, upper side bright golden-green or
coppery, under side, legs, and rostrum violet-blue, antenne black ; it is
very closely allied to the preceding, but is smaller, and may be known
by the colour of the under surface, and also by having the forehead
furnished with a broad deep channel; the elytra, moreover, have no
pubescence behind, and the funiculus of the antenne is evidently
longer ; in the male the thorax is spined as in the preceding species.
L. 4-5 mm.

On young aspens; very local, but not uncommon where it occurs; London dis-

trict, not uncommon, Putney, Darenth and Lee Woods, Blenden (Kent), Coombe
Wood, Epping Forest ; Hastings district; Fordlands, Devon.

* Thomson formed the genus for the reception of these species, but Dr. Sharp has
lately recorded five from Japan, and says that he is acquainted with others from China,
the Indo-Chinese Peninsula and East india.

+ This name ought to be adopted were it not for the confusion caused b2tween this
insect (Curculio betula, L.), and Deporaus betula, which is the Attelabus betule of
Linué.

eee

ee ees Se ek

‘Rhynchites. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 121

RHYNCHITES, Schneider.

This genus, taken in its-wide sense, contains at present upwards of a
hundred or more species, which are mostly found in the Northern
Hemisphere ; they have, however, a very wide range as representatives
have been described from South Africa, Ceylon, Java and Sumatra,
Cuba, Brazil, Chili, &c.; in all probability the genus will be found to
be a very large one and tobe spread over all the warm and temperate
regions of the world ; the greater part of the species are pubescent and
brightly coloured, and very often strongly metallic; they are chiefly
found in spring and early summer on whitekorn hedges, and flowering
shrubs or trees: the larve, which do not call for any particular
remark, live in cases formed by the female by rolling leaves into the
shape of a cigar or trumpet, or by joining leaves together; this is not,
however, the case with all species, as in some the female deposits her
eggs in the freshly set fruits of certain Pomacee or Amy,dalacee, or in
the young shocts of oak, beech, &c.; in all cases she appears to cut partly .

th the stem, so that the fruit or leaves or shoots fall at about the
time at which the larva is ready to undergo its further transformations,
which take place underground; the genus, as here limited, is distin-
guished by the transverse posterior cox, which reach the episterna of
the metasternum, and by the membranous penultimate segment of the
abdomen ; the antennz are rather slender, with a loose three-jointed
club. The sexual differences are variable ; in some species the rostrum
is longer in one sex than in the other, in others itis curved in the
male and straight in the female, or vice versd, and in others again the
thorax in the male is armed on each side with long projecting spines.

Twenty-seven species are found in Europe of which about half occur
in Britain ; two of these, however, are extremely rare and have not been
taken for very many years ; they may be distinguished as follows -—

I. Body behind thorax short and stout, only about
one and a half times as long as broad. :
i. Elytra not metallic, dark scarlet or bright brick-
red with the suture often darker. . . . . . R. aeQquatus, L.
ii. El metallic.
1. Elytra thickly and irregularly punctured be-
tween the rows of larger punctures; size

A. Surface of rostrum almost entirely metallic ;
thorax with a strong projecting spine on
either side in front in the male. . . . . R. avratus, Scop.
B. Surface of rostrum, at all events behind,
traversed by a raised black keel ; thorax
without a spine at sides in either sex. . . R. Baccnus, L.
2. Elytra smooth or with regular rows of small
punctures between the rows of larger punc-
tures.
A. Elytra without a scutellary stria.
a. Colour purplish or purplish-red with a
metallic coppery tinge; size larger. . . R.cupPreus, D.

122 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Rhynchites.

b. Colour blue... » © anes e seece BR, CosnutBus, De G.
(conicus, IIl.)
B. Elytra with a scutellary stria.
a. Ninth stria of elytra entire and prolonged
as far as the tenth stria.
a*, Elytra with asmall additional row of
punctures near shoulder between the
ninth and tenth rows; insect blue;
rostum comparatively short . . . . R.minutus, Herbst.
* — (germanicus, auct.)
b*. Elytra without an additional row of
punctures near shoulder; elytra bronze, ;
rarely bluish-bronze; rostrum long. . R, #NEOVIRENS, Marsh.
b. Ninth stria of the elytra abridged and
united to the tenth considerably before
apex,
a*, Head not sensibly narrowed behind;
thorax more finely punctured, without
central furrow ; temples not prominent
at sides; interstices of elytra with
single rows of punctures. . . . . . R. INTERPUNCTATUS, Steph,
(alliaria, Brit, Cat.)
b*. Head sensibly narrowed behind; é
thorax more coarsely punctured, with
central furrow ; temples prominent at
sides; interstices of elytra,as a rule
(but not always), without distinct punc-
tuation, |< a szisreoe ve, Bleyecbs os,uehduan auekts PAUXIUDLUS, Germs
II. Body behind thorax more elongate, at least twice
as long as broad.
i, Length 14-3} mm.; head short; pubescence
not, or scarcely, visible if viewed sideways.
1. Anterior tibize not produced into a tooth in-
ternally at apex ; rostrum shorter (if compared
in the same sex); thorax subparallel . . . R. NaNnus, Payk.
2. Anterior tibie produced into a tooth internally
at apex ; rostrum longer (if compared in the
same sex) ; thorax widened behind middle. . R. uNcrnatus, Thoms.
(tomentosus, Gyll., sec. Bedel.)
ii. Length 4-6 mm.; head rather long ; pubescence
plainly visible, if viewed sideways, much raised
and villose.
1. Strie of elytra entire; size smaller; colour

usually bright blue . . . . . . . . . KR, SERICEUS, Herbst.

(ophthalmicus, Steph.)
2. Strize of elytra effaced or obsolete behind ;
size larger ; colour usually greenish-blue . . R. PUBESCENS, F.

R. auratus, Scop. A large and conspicuous species, greenish or
golden coppery, with the anterior parts and base and sides of elytra
more or less crimson, clothed with long whitish pubescence, antenne
and tarsi black; rostrum moderately long, forehead strongly punc-
tured ; thorax as long as broad, closely and strongly punctured, with
an indistinct central furrow; elytra with not very regular rows of
punctures, interstices very closely and rugosely punctured; legs
moderately long. L. 8-9 mm.

Rhynchites. RHYNCHOPHORA. 123

Male with the thorax armed on each side in front with a strong
sharp projecting spine.
- On Prunus spinosa in hedges; the larva lives in the kernel of the stones; ex-
tremely rare as British; recorded by Marsham as taken in numbers at Crayford in
Kent; Mr. S. Stevens possesses a specimen from Donovan’s collection, “taken in
Kent by Marsham,” and in Dr. Power’s collection there is one from Mr. Walton ;
1 know of no record in recent years.

R. Bacchus, L. Upper surface of a brilliant crimson coppery, golden
coppery, or purple colour, clothed with long fuscous pubescence, underside
duller ; head deeply punctured, rostrum long, carinated, at all events at
base ; thorax longer than broad, gradually narrowed in front, closely and
coarsely punctured, with an obsolete central furrow, sides in front simple
in both sexes ; elytra much broader at base than thorax, rounded and
gaping at apex, with irregular rows of deep punctures, interstices
closely rugose ; legs long, femora clavate, coppery ; tibia fuscous cop-
pery ; tarsi and antenne black. L. 6-8 mm.

On various fruit trees, especially the apple, also on Prunus spinosa, and on the
young shoots of the vine; in June; very rare; Crayford and Birch Wood, Kent
—) Birch Wood, taken by Lady Maryon Wilson in 1795 (Power) ; Mr. 8.

tevens has sent me the following note regarding the species “‘taken at Birch Wood
by B. Standish, and seen alive by myself at the time some thirty years ago; the
specimen was purchased- by Mr. Walton from Mr. Standish, and at Mr. Walton’s
sale was pecbhesct by me. I believe this is the last capture of this insect in

R. cupreus, L. Upper surface obscurely purplish-zneous, rather
dull, clothed with fine pale pubescence, underside dull brassy black ;
head long, thickly punctured, eyes not prominent; rostrum rather
stout, irregularly sulcate at base ; thorax subconical, closely and rather
strongly punctured, with an obsolete smooth central line; scutellum

rather large; elytra with deeply and coarsely punctured strie, inter-

stices rugose or rugosely punctured; legs brassy black, tarsi black.
L. 4-5 mm.
Male with the rostrum shorter than in the female.

' On the flowers of the mountain ash; also on whitethorn, apple, sloe, &c.; very
local; London district, rare, Darenth Wood and Epping (Stephens); Black Park,
Surrey (abundant on mountain ash, July 14th and 15th, 1855 (Power) ; Dallington
Forest, Hastings; Hampshire; Sherwood Forest (S. Stevens, and abundant in
flowers of mountain ash (Blatch) ); Scarborough; Baron Wood (Cumberland) ;
Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, very rare, Solway district (Sharp) ;
Pitlochry, in some numbers (A. Beaumont).

R. wquatus, L. (purpureus, L.). Obscurely eneous, very thickly
punctured, clothed with long pale fuscous pubescence, elytra red with
the suture nigro neous in front ; head and thorax closely and distinctly

* This is probably the specimen referred to by Mr. Walton as taken by Mr. Stan-
dish near Cracking Hill, Birch Wood, on the 24th of September, 1843, uff the oak
underwood, and seen alive by Mr. Douglas.

124 RHY NCHOPHORA. [ Rhynchites.

punctured, the latter subeylindrical with an obsolete dors2l fur w,
eyes prominent ; elytra much broader than thorax, ample, almost sub-
quadrate, with coarsely punctured strie, interstices distinctly punctured;
legs rather long, mostly red, femora brassy, tarsi and sometimes part of
tibie pitchy. L. 23-4 mm.

Male smaller, with the rostrum about as long as head and thorax.
_ Female larger, with the rostrum long and curved, twice as long as
head and thorax.

On the flowers of the whitethorn ; common and generally distributed in the London,
southern and midland districts, but 1 know of no record further north than Repton,

Burton-on-Trent (where I have taken it very sparingly), except ‘‘ Edinburgh
(Stephens),” which may be in error, as it is not in Bold’s or Sharp’s lists,

R. wneovirens, Marsh (obscurus, Gyll.). Upper surface brassy-
green or eneous, clothed with fine ashy pubescence ; head short, dis-
tinctly punctured, eyes scarcely prominent, rostrum long, black, slightly
eneous at base, antenne black ; thorax rather dull, almost as long as
broad, very closely punctured ; elytra shining, greenish-a:neous, rarely
coppery or bluish, with very deeply and coarsely punctured strie, inter-
stices finely sculptured; underside and legs black, femora more or less
zeneous ; the head and thorax are sometimes entirely black. L. 8—4
mm.

On young oaks, hazel, &c.; in woods and hedges; local, but not uncommon;
Hampstead, Darenth Wood, Whitstable, Faversham, Chatham, Epping Forest,
Cowfold, Loughton, the Holt, Farnham; Hertford; Windsor Forest; Guestling,
near Hastings; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton; Llangollen; Suffolk ; Kuowle ;
Bewdley ; Repton; Burnt Wood, Staffordshire ; Sherwood Forest ; York; Scarboro’ ;
Heysham ; Scotland, scarce, on oak trees, Solway, Tweed and Moray districts,

The variety with bluish elytra is the R. fragarie, Gyll.; I have not
seen a British specimen, hut it is included in Waterhouse’s catalogue.

R. coeruleus, De G. (conicus, Ill.). Deep blue, shiniug, clothed
with long upright fuscous pubescence, which is very evident; antenne
rostrum and legs black or blue black, femora deep blue; thorax longer
than broad, with sides almost straight, coarsely punctured ; elytra with
deep punctured strie, interstices flat with fine punctures, scutellary
stria wanting ; legs moderately long. L. 23-3 mm.

On various Pomacee ; sometimes it does considerable damage to pear trees ; also on
the flowers of the whitethorn ; local, but not uncommon; Dzrenth Wood, Sheerness,
Shooters Hill, Mickleham, Cowfold, Horsell, Boundstone; Hastings; New Forest ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Swansea; Wood Ditton and Littlington, Cambridge; Red-
grave Fen; Weston, Oxon; Knowle, Repton and other midiand localities; North-
umberland and Durham district, rare ; not recorded from Scotland,

The very strong raised pubescence, absence of a scutellary stria, and
deep cyaneous blue colour will separate this from our other allied species,

R. minutus, Herbst. (germanicus, auct.). Very like the preceding,
but of a more greenish blue colour, with the thorax more widened

+ ee PCy ae

bie

Rhyunchites. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 125

behind, evidently shorter in proportion, and much more closely and
finely punctured; central furrow wanting; pubescence shorter and less
raised; elytra with a scutellary stria and with deeply punctured striz,
and the interstices very finely punctured, often almost smooth, ninth
stria entire and prolonged as far as the tenth stria ; legs black or blue-
black. L. 2-2} mm.

On young trees in woods, especially oaks ; often found by sweeping herbage; very
widely distributed and common in many localities, but local in the midlands and

rarer turther north; Scotland, scarce, but found in the Solway, Tweed, Forth, Clyde,
Moray, and probably other districts.

R. interpunctatus, Steph. (alliarie, Brit. Cat.), Extremely
closely allied to the preceding, and rather hard in some cases to dis-
tinguish from it ; it may, however, be known by having the ninth stria
of the elytra abridged. and united to the tenth considerably before
apex; from R. ceruleus it may be known by the more finely-punctured
thorax and less evident pubescence, and from R. pauxillus by the absence
ofa central furrow on thorax which is less coarsely punctured, as well as
by the shape of the head, which is not sensibly narrowed behind, and
the fact that the interstices of the elytra are furnished with single rows
of punctures. L. 2-25 mm.

On young trees, in woods and hedges; not common; Darenth Wood; Birch
Wood; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton; Swansea; Ircland, near Dublin, &.

There is considerable confusion regarding this insect which stands in
our collection as R. alliarig, a name which has been applied to allied
Species ; I cannot, therefore, be sure of the localities ; some authors state
that it has no scutellary stria, but according to Bedel this is present,
and such is the case with a specimen of mine from Dr. Power's
collection.

R. pauxillus, Germ. Closely allied to the three preceding
species, but easily distinguished by the deep central furrow on the
thorax ; it may further be separated from R. interpunctatus as above
stated, from R. minutus by having the ninth stria of the elytra abridged

and united to the tenth considerably before apex, and from both by the

coarser punctuation of the thorax ; from R. ceruleus the less evident
pubescence and the presence of a scutellary stria will serve to distinguish
it ; the interstices are almost smvoth. L. 2-24 mm.

On various Pomacee, especially the medlar; also on the sloe; it also has been
taken on young oaks, hazels, &c.; rare; Darenth Wood (Champion) ; Shirley, on

‘whitethorn hedges (S. Stevens); Littlington, Cambridge (Power); Knowle, near

Birmingham (Blatch); Northumberland and Durham district, very rare; Scotland,
very rare, Solway district, “ Kirkpatrick-Juxta. Rev. W. Little. Murray’s Cat.”
These four species appear to present great difficulties to students of
the group, but 2. minutus and R. interpunctatus are the only ones that
eould be confounded ; the rostrum is longer in these and, in fact, in most
of the species of the genus, in one of the sexes, according to Thomson

126 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Rhynchites.

the female; in this he appears to be correct, although one or two
authors seem inclined to refer the longer rostrum to the male.

R. nanus, Payk. (planirostris, F. nee Desbr.). A small elongated and
narrow species, of a greenish-blue colour, shining ; almost glabrous ;
forehead obsoletely punctured, rostrum rather smooth; thorax sub-
cylindrical and subparallel, coarsely punctured, without central channel ;
elytra with strong punctured striz, interstices narrow, finely substrigose

transversely ; anterior tibie simple at apex, intermediate with a small -

hook at apex in one sex, apparently the male ; legs rather long and slender,

On young birches in woods; somewhat local, but common where it oceurs, and
generally distributed from the southern districts to the north midland districts ;
rarer farther north ; Northumberland and Durham district, not common; the Scotch
record is ‘Solway, Tweed, and Moray districts,” but Dr. Sharp adds a note to the
effect that he has never seen a Scottish specimen and thinks it very probable that the
specimens should be referred to the following species: it has been taken in Ireland.

R.uncinatus, Thoms. (planirostris, Desbr., nec F., tomentosus, Gyll.,
sec. Bedel). Extremely like the preceding, with which it has been very
often confused, but easily distinguished by having the anterior tibie
produced into a tooth internally at apex, by the rostrum being longer (if
compared in the same sex) and the thorax evidently widened behind
middle ; the forehead and rostrum, also, are more plainly punctured, and
the thorax is more regularly punctured and has an obsolete central
channel, which, however, is not always very evident; the legs are
nigro-coeruleous, and the tarsi have the first joint elongate.
L. 13-23 mm.

On aspens, willows, young oak, hazel, birch, &e. ; local and not common, although
sometimes met with in some numbers where it occurs; Darenth Wood, Esher,
Mickleham, Horsell, Wimbledon, Weybridge, Chatham, Chertsey, Woking, Maid-
stone ; Lords Wood, Southampton ; New Forest ; Bewdley ; Cannock Chase; Knowle,
near Birmingham ; Chat Moss; Strettord, near Manchester; Northumberland and
Durham district, somewhat rare, but from several localities; Scotland, scaree,
Solway and probably other districts.

R. sericeus, Herbst. (ophthalmicus, Steph.). Deep-blue, rarely
greenish-blue, or violet blue, shining, with outstanding fuscous pubescence ;
rostrum very short, sulcate at base; head large, diffusely punctured, eyes
prominent; thorax with sides rounded and somewhat dilated about middle,
coarsely punctured, sometimes obsoletely furrowed in centre ; scutellum
small; elytra with moderately coarsely punctured striz which reach apex,
interstices with smaller punctures; antennz black ; legs blue-black,
slightly pilose. L. 4-55 mm.

On young birch, hazel, &c.; in woods; very local, but sometimes noi uncommon
where it occurs; Darenth Wood; Coombe Wood; Bewdley Forest ; Scarborough ;
Scotland, very rare, Forth district.

R. pubescens, F. (reenish-blue, or blue, shining, thickly clothed
with very long, outstanding, fuscous hairs ; rostrum short, sulcate at base ;

Rhynchites.| RHYNCHOPHORA. 127

head finely punctured ; thorax with the sides rounded and dilated, disc
moderately, closely, and regularly, but not strongly punctured, with
a more or less distinct central furrow; scutellum rather small ; elytra
with rather shallow punctured striz, the punctures being moderately strong
towards base and obsolete at apex, which is almost smooth; antenne
black ; legs unicolorous with body, rather strongly pubescent. L. 6}-
8} mm. —

On young hazel, birch, oak, &e; in woods; not common but rather widely dis-
tributed from Lincolnshire southwards ; it appears often to occur by single specimens ;
Darenth Wood; Coombe Wood; Epping Forest; Chobham; Westerham, Kent;
Monks Wood; Hastings district; Lords Wood, Southampton; New Forest;
Portsmouth District; Fordlands, Devon; Bewdley; Coventry; Robins Wood and
“il Wood, Repton; Langworth Wood, Lincoln ; I know of no locality further

This is a large and conspicuous species and may easily be known by
its size, very strong villose pubescence, and by the fact that the strie of
the elytra become obsolete at apex.

DEPORAUS, Leach.

This genus, as characterized by Bedel and Sharp, includes two British
_ species, of which one, D. megacephalus, was regarded by Stephens and
Leach as belonging to Rhynchites proper ; they are, however, very closely
allied in several points, and the characters of the genus as now constituted
are more satisfactory than those assigned to it by the old authors ; a
third species, D. tristis, occurs in France ; the females rojil up cases "of
leaves for their larvee, as in the other genera.

I. Elytra greenish-blue ; shape narrower and more elon-
gate; male with the posterior femora not dilated D. mEGacEPHALUS, Germ.
BE. tnsect eet black ; aoe broader and less 2

waaay wl ab ete a ter css D. seruLz, L:

D. megacephalus, Germ. (constrictus, Gyll., levicollis, Steph.,
Mannerheimi, Hummel). Black, or greenish-black, with the elytra
greenish-blue, clothed with thin and fine greyish pubescence ; rostrum

‘dilated at apex, sulcate at base ; head large, together with eyes a little
broader than thorax, vertex long, diffusely and plainly punctured ; thorax
subovate, rounded at sides, closely and rather finely punctured; elytra
much broader than thorax, with deep and regular punctured strie, inter-
stices slightly convex and obsoletely punctured in rows; legs blue-black
with the tarsi scarcely shorter than the tibiz and the first joint elongate ;
in the male the rostrum is shorter than in the female. L. 3-4 mm.

On birches ; in woods, &c. ; local, but not uncommon where it occurs ; Darenth
Wood, Birch Wood, Coombe Wood, West Wickham ; Wrabness, Essex ;
pera Faygate, Sussex; Bewdley ; Cannock Chase ; Knowle; Bretby Wood,

ton; Halifax district ; Barton Moss and Chat Moss ; Stretford district, near
Manchester ; Northumberland and Durham district Ye Durham,” Ormsby’s Durhair);
Scotland, local on birch, Solway, Tweed, Forth, Moray, and probably other districts.

128 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Deporaiis,

D. betule, L. Lntirely of a deep black colour, rather shining,
clothed with fine fuscous pilose pubescence ; head large, distinctly
punctured ; thorax with sides rounded, rather thickly and very distinetly
punctured, with an obsolete central furrow; elytra broad, a little
depressed in front, much broader than thorax, with deeply and coarsely
punctured striz, interstices with an obscure series of punctures; legs
moderately long and stout. L. 3-5 mm.

Male with the posterior femora strongly dilated and crenulate
beneath, and the rostrum shorter than the thorax,

Female with the posterior femora simple, and the rostrum about as
long as thorax. :

On birch, alder, hornbeam, hazel and beech ; chiefly, however, on young birches ;
more or less common and generally distributed throughout the kingdom.

Sus-ram, Apionine.

The members of this tribe are small insects, which, as a rule, are easily
recognized by their peculiar facies ; they are chiefly distinguished by the
formation of the trochanters, which are large, truncate at apex and
rather widely separate the cox and the femora; this is more notice-
able in the hinder pairs ; the following characters may also be noticed :
head prominent, not narrowed behind eyes; antenne 11-jointed, nearly
always straight, with a 3-jointed, ovate, pubescent club, which is pointed
at apex; rostrum variable ; thorax truncate in front, subcylindrical or
gradually narrowed from base to apex; anterior coxe conical and_con-
tiguous, exserted, posterior cox rather broadly distant ; elytra deeply
striate, covering the pygidium ; abdomen with the second segment much
longer than the third ; episterna of metasternum linear and elongate ; legs
rather long and moderately stout ; femora usually more or less clavate,
tibiz truncate at apex without spurs, tarsi dilated, claws simple, toothed,
or bifid: the sub-family contains the single genus Apion; M. Bedel, as
before remarked, adds to it the genus Nanophyes, which is, however, more
correctly retained near Cionus, although it must be allowed that through
the formation of the trochanters it bears a strong analogy to Apion.

APION, Herbst.

This is a very large and important genus, which is very widely dis-
tributed throughout the world ; it is, however, much more characteristic
of temperate than of tropical climates, and a large number of the species
appear to frequent maritime rather than inland districts: according to
the Munich catalogue published in 1877, the number of known species
is three hundred and seventy-seven, but a considerable number have
since been added ; about fifty for instance, chiefly from North America,
are recorded in the Zoological Record for 1884 (vol. xxi. Ins. 95); no
less than about two hundred and fifty occur in Europe, of which about

Apion. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 129

seventy-five inhabit Britain ; in point of numbers, therefore, it is our
largest genus next to Homalota ; the genus ranges from Siberia to South
Africa and New Caledonia, and species have been described from India,
Ceylon, Brazil, Cuba, Java, &c., but, as before remarked, comparatively
few have hitherto been found within the tropics ; they are small or very
small insects, which differ very much in colour and pubescence, and to a
certain extent in general form, but they all have a sort of family like-
ness, so that it is easy, except in a few instances, to determine the genus
from the external appearance of the species; in the typical form the
rostrum is long, slender and curved, and the body is narrow in front and
dilated behind, the-general shape being that of a pear attached to its
stalk ; in the extreme forms, however, the rostrum becomes very short
and straight or almost straight, and the body is subparallel; between
these two extremes are found infinite variations ; the antennal scrobes
are foveiform, or, if near the head, more or less linear; the antennz are
inserted at various distances from ‘the head, sometimes quite close to the
base of the rostrum, but rarely in front of its central portion ; in the old
tables given for the subdivision of the genus this insertion of the
antennz will be found used as one of the chief characters, but, although
useful in some instances, it is extremely confusing and of no prac-
tical use in others; the antennz are variable, but have rathera long
scape and the first joint of the funiculus longer and, as a rule, broader
than the second; the club is very distinct, 3-jointed ; important cha-
racters are found in the rostrum, which is very variable ; the thorax is
variable in length, conical or subcylindrical, rarely suborbicular; the
scutellum is sometimes small, sometimes moderate, and occasionally.
large, and is often furnished with furrows or fovex and occasionally with
carine at base; the sculpture of the thorax and elytra is, as a rule, very
distinct; the former, however, is sometimes almost smooth, and the
latter very rarely have the striz almost effaced ; the legs, except in one
or two groups, are long, with the femora slightly dilated at apex, the
tibiz usually straight, and the tarsi moderately long, with the first joint
about equal to or somewhat longer than the second, and occasionally
very much longer; the first and second segments of the abdomen are
almost connate and longer than the two following; rarely a sixth seg-
ment is visible ; the colour is very variable, but is usually black or leaden
black, or metallic-blue or greenish-blue; some species, however, are
more or less testaceous or brownish, and one group has the whole body
of a bright scarlet or yellowish-red colour ; one of our largest and hand-
somest species, A. limonit, presents a beautiful purple-red metallic tint ;
the colour of the legs affords very important characters, the ‘“ red legged ”
group with dark bodies being a well-knewn crux of all students of
British Coleoptera ; the pubescence varies very much in the different
species, sometimes covering the whole body, and in many cases being
searcely perceptible ; in some cases the upper surface is glabrous or
almost glabrous, and the under surface is very thickly pubescent.
VOL. Vv." K

130 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Apion.

The sexual differences are often remarkable ; as a rule the males may
be distinguished from the females by their shorter and more robust
rostrum, which is often more strongly punctured and more evidently
pubescent; the sexes, however, in many species differ in special particu-
lars, as the colour of the rostrum, antennze and legs, and sometimes of
the elytra, the dilated or curved tibiz, certain modificatious of the scape
or funiculus of the antennz, and also of the tarsi, metasternum and
abdomen, &c.; these will, however, be noticed more. particularly under
the various species.

The larve of the genus Apion are small fleshy white or yellowish-white grubs with
corneous heads, which do not differ much from the ordinary Rhynchoplorous larvee
and call for no special notice; they are found in flower-heads, and in the seed-vessels
of plants, sometimes in the pods, leaf-stems or stalks, and they undergo all their
transformations in the same place in which they were originally hatched ; according to
M. Bedel it is very rarely that the larvae betray their presence externally by any
swelling of the vegetable tissues (as is so often the case with Mecinus and other genera) ;
the larva of A. minimum, however, which is the only species that feeds on thie
Salicacez, lives under the willow leaves, according to Perris, in galls formed by
Nematus, or, according to Kaltenbach, in the galls of certain Diptera; considerable
speculation has been caused by the fact that large numbers of certain species (such as
A. cracce, A. Gylienhali, &c.) have been found congregated upon various trees, such
as the oak and ash, liaving apparently deserted their ordinary food plants ; the reason
of this is unknown; M. Bedel suggests that the insects are merely seeking shelter
against heat or cold, but it appears probable that they may be assembling simply with
a view to migration from one district to another.

The majority of our species of Apion live on different leguminous
plants (more especially Trifolium, Vicia, Genista, Ulex, and their
allies) ; occasionally certain species do considerable damage to clover-
fields, riddling and destroying both the leaves and seed pods ; it is hard
to suggest any really useful remedy, but a badly infested field should be
thoroughly cleaned and all the refuse carefully burnt towards the end of
the year ; the waste portions near the hedges should also be, if possible,
grubbed up and cleaned, as the Apions are not very particular as to the
species of Leguminous plants which they attach themseives to, and will
find support on various wild vetches before again attacking the cultivated
portions; for the next season the field and those around it should if
possible be planted with a crop not liable to the attacks of the insects’;
as, however, the species are, for the most part, provided with powerful
wings, no precautions can really be of much avail against an invasion.

Besides the Leguminose, various other families of plants are attacked
by different species : a list is given by M. Bedel (1. c. p. 203), which is
here quoted as far as it relates to the British species :—

Malvacez: eneum, radiolus, rufirostre, malve,
Crassulacee : sedi.
Composite: Cynarocephale (thistle tribe), cardworum and_ allies,
onopordi,
Corymbiferze: stolidum, confluens, sorbi, F. (levigutum,

;
F
.
2
:

Apion.| RHYNCHOPHORA. * 13h

Bedel, ¢c.), Hookeri, brunneipes, Bedel, »&c. (levi-
gatum, Kirby),

Labiate: (Mentha) flavimanum ; (Thymus) atomarium.,

Staticaceee: limonit.

ct esi (Rumex) miniatum, cruentatum, sanguineum, frumen-
tarium (hematodes), rubens ; violaceum, hydrolapathi,;
curtirostre (= humile, Germ. ), &e.

_ Buxacez: (Mercurialis), semivittatum, pallipes.
- Urticacer:: urticarium (vernale).
Salicacee: minimum.

With regard to A. simile there seems to be a doubt; it is found,
according to M. Bedel, exclusively on Betula (birch), but its habitat in
the larval state is unknown.

Owing to the number of species comprised in the genus it is very
difficult to form a satisfactory table ; at the same time the differences,
although in many cases comparative, are,.as a rule, easily appreciable, so
that the genus is not in reality as hard as many others that contain
fewer species ; in constructing a dichotomous table, however, to comprise
many species, the difficulty lies in finding leading characters on which to
divide off groups or series that run more or less into one another; as has
been before remarked, the older writers on Apions, such as Kirby, Walton
and others, divided the genus into larger or smaller groups on the distance
of the insertion of the antenne from the base of the rostrum; this
character, although most useful in some cases, is very confusing in others,
and appears to be abandoned by the latest writers ; I have, to a consider-
able extent, although not altogether, followed Bedel’s classification (I. c.
p. 205), but it must be admitted that some of the characters are not
altogether easy of appreciation, and the table given below must be
regarded merely as a guide tothe detailed descriptions and not as a sub-
stitute for them. In his catalogue of the species Bedel (1. c. pp. 360 et
seqq.) divides them into seventeen groups; some of these are of course
very marked, but others appear to be made up of rather discordant
elements and might with reason be further subdivided.

I. Rostrum narrowed towards apex, wedge-shaped or subulate ;
eyes large and very prominent. (Oxystoma, Dumeril, nec
Stephens).
i. Upper surface blue; size larger; sutural stria abridged in
front and scarcely passing the apex of scutellum . . A. PoMON®, F.
ii. Upper surface black or slate-coloured ; size smaller ; sutural
stria of elytra not abridged in front and continued to base.
1. Rostrum strongly and angularly gib beneath ; antennz
entirely red in the male, more or less broadly black towards
apex in female sic - pricey wh tan we re oie eas A. craccm, Z,
2. Rostrum slightly or comparatively slightly gibbose beneath ;
antenne black in both sexes, with the exception of one or
two joints at base.
A. Rostrum abruptly subulate.
‘ K.2

182: RHYNCHOPHORA.

a, Forehead with distinct strix between eyes;
base of rostrum almost smooth in centre. .
b. Forehead without distinct striae between
eyes ; base of rostrum dull and rapes? pune-
tured throughout .

B. Rostrum very gradually subulate ; " forehead

with very distinct striz between eyes. .
II. Rostrum cylindrical or subcylindrical, not subulate

towards apex.

i. Second stria of elytra united at apex to the eighth stria ;

[ Apion.
A. CERDO, Gerst..

A. oPpETICUM, Bach. —

A, sUBULATUM, Kirby.

antenne inserted at the base of rostrum, which is 4

farnished with a strong tooth on each side at the point

of insertion; legs, in part at least, red ; upper surface
strongly squamose ( Ozystoma, Steph. nec Dum.),

1. Scales of a uniform grey colour. . .. .. .

2. Scales brown, variegated with white.

A. Elytra dilated and rounded, brown with the
central interstices white . . .
B. Elytra subparallel, brown with an oblique
dorsal band and the lateral margin white . .
ii. Second dorsal stria united at apex to the ninth.

1. Head and thorax black, elytra testaceous, with the
base and more or less of the suture and sometimes
of the side margins black . . .

2. Upper surface reddish-brown, clothed with whitish
pubescence; elytra with two dark denuded dentate
bands. I oe ee a Me ok at Boke tie th Gp

8. Colour entirely red or yellowish-red (except eyes,
which are black),
A. Temples covered with close and strong punc-
tures.
a. Colour bright blood-red ; average size larger ;
eyes smaller and more prominent. * ete ae
b. Colour pale blood-red ; average size smaller ; :
eyes much larger and less prominent. .
B. Temples and throat impunctate, at least
behind.
a. Rostrum curved, about as long in the male as
in the female.
a*, Elytra evidently dilated behind ; head as
long as broad! 4s. Secs ei Sa

b*. Elytra subparallel; head broader than
long . .
b. Rostrum ne: uly straight, considerably longer
in female than in male.
4. Upper surface dark, black, or of a metallic-blue or
greenish-blue colour.
A. Femora entirely or in great part red.
a. Pubescence white or ashy, distinct at all
events on under side of male.
a*, Intermediate and posterior pairs of tibize
red in both sexes.
af. Interstices of elytra scarcely broader
than strie ; rostrum black in both sexes ;
elytra subparallel ; size smaller.

A. vticts, Forst.

A, GENISTE, Kirby. Fe

A. FUSCIROSTRE, P.

A, MALV®, F.

A. URTICARIUM, Horbsts!
(vernale, F.)

A. MintatTuM, Germ.

A. CRUENTATUM, Wait.

A: HEMATODES. Kirby.
(frumentarium, Payk.) »

A, RUBENS, Steph.

A. SANGUINEUM, De G.

Apion.) RHYNCHOPHORA.

at. Tarsi and trochanters black or blackish. .
bt. Tarsi and trochantersred . . . . ._-

by}. Interstices of elytra much broader than
strize ; rostrum réd in front in male; elytra
dilated behind middle; size larger ee ON
b*. Intermediate and posterior pairs of tibie black
in female, black with apex red in male. . . .
b. Pubescence very slight or absent.
a*, Posterior tibie with at least their apical half
black.

at}. Anterior coxz black ; male with the second and

third joints of the funiculus of the antennze com-

* _ pressed and much dilated. . .

bt. Anterior coxz red ; male with the second and

third joints of the funieulus of the antenne not
dila

at. Posterior tibia red at base or ringed with
red on their basal half.
iecaug si Foe gt me oe mpatieae
dull.
+. Hind portion of elytra obtusely
rounded; male with the scape of the
antenne dilated . ah :
+t. Hind portion of elytra somewhat pro-
duced and contracted; ~male with the
scape of the antennz not dilated . a BA
**, Thorax diffusely and oa finely a
tured, smooth and shini wee
bt. Posterior tibiee entirely b

133

A. PALLIPES, Kirby.
A. SEMIVITTATUM, Gyll,

(Germari, Walt.)

A, RUFIROSTRE, Payk.

A. DIFFORME, Germ.

A, DISSIMILE, Gerin.

A. VARIPES, Germ.

A. LEVICOLLE, Kirby.

*_ Thorax finely and ye rae punctured, smooth A. SCHONHEERRI, Boh.

*#, Thorax closely and distinctly punctured.
7- Antenne longer, with the first joint red ;
trochanters red.
t. Punctuation of thorax close and regu-
lar; forehead not plainly striated be-
tween eyes oS a eS

tt. Punctuation of thorax very close, ru-
gose ; forehead plainly striated between
eyes * * * > * > * * . .* > *

tt. Antenne shorter, with the base pitchy ;
trochanters black . . 4
#**_ Thorax distinctly but. sparingly punctured,
with the sides morerounded. . , . F

b*. All the tibiz red.
a}. Club of antennz more elongate; rostrum black
in both sexes ; anterior coxez of male red, of female
black . . . - . . or ~@ . . . . . . .

by. Club of antenne shorter; rostrum of male
yellow-red at apex; anterior coxe red in both
sexes * * * *. * * * * . . > * * * .

A. APRICANS, Herbst.*
(fagi, Kirby.)

A. Bonemant, Thoms.
(ononidis, Gyll.)
ths TRIFOLII, L.

A. Ryegt, Blackburn,

A. DicHrowum, Bedel.

( flavipes, F.)

A. NIGRITARSE, Kirby.

* I have followed’ Bedel in not regarding Kirby’s A. assimile as a distinct

species.

134 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Apion.

B. Legs dark, entirely black or more or less metallic.*
a. Forehead with two furrows in the form of a V.
a*, Strie cf elytra rather fine and _ scarcely

punctured ; interstices broader. . . . A, CONFLUENS, Kirby.
b*. Striz of elytra deep and strongly punctured
interstices narrower . . . <A, sTOLIDUM, Germ.

b. Forehead without furrows in the form of a V.
a*. Scutellum long and pointed, with two small
divergent carinw at base . . - A. Rapiotus, Marsh,
b*. Scutellum even or longitudinally furrowed. —
aft. Forehead with a very large and deep longi-
tudinal furrow . . . A. ZNEUM, F.
bt. Forehead without a large longitudinal furrow. ;
at. Rostrum with a strong dentiform process on .
each side at the insertion of the antenne . . A. CARDUORUM, Kirby.
Lt. Rostrum simple, slightly thickened or angled
at the insertion of the antenne,
*, Thorax convex, raised on disc and de
at base, with the sides strongly rounded.
+. Thorax with a broad and very deep furrow
before scutellum ; elytra glabrous, black in
male and blue in female. . . . . . . A. SORBI, F.
(levigatum, Payk.)
++. Thorax without distinct furrow before scu-
tellum; elytra pubescent, black in both sexes A. HooxKeEri, Kirby.
**, Thorax not, or slightly, convex, with the
sides almost straight, or comparatively
slightly rounded.+
+. Strie of elytra very fine, somewhat obso-
lete; thorax almost smooth . . . . . A. LmviGaTUM, Kirby.
tt. Strie of elytra distinct. (brunneipes, Bob.)
. First joint of funiculus of antenne short
‘and thickened suddenly from base, about as
broad as the following; thorax very coarsely
punctured with a broad and vey deep
_ foeroe at base . . A. onoporDt!, Kirby.
First joint of foniculus of antennze glo-
sins ovate or gradually. claviform, almost
always thicker than the following.
aa. Sutural strie prolonged to the base of
elytra.
aa*, Body behind thorax narrower and
elongate.
aa}. Rostrum dull, pubescent nearly
to apex, straight in the male and
slightly curved in the female . . A, FLAVIMANUM, Gy/l.
bb}. Rostrum shiny, almost glabrous,
plainly curved in both sexes; base
of anterior tibia in male with a
testaceous ring . . . . « . +« A. ANNULIPES, Wenck.

* Occasionally the apex of femora or base of tibiez is furnished with a testaceous
ring in one sex, as in’ A. annulipes and A. filirostre, and in A. flavimanum the tibie

are pitchy brown.
+ A. atomarium is a somewhat intermediate species, and might almost be classed

with the two preceding.

Apion. ] RHYNCHOPHORA.

bb*. Body behind thorax broad and comparatively short.
aat. Shoulders very prominent; size larger. . . «
bb}. Shoulders rounded ; size smaller. . . . s
bb. Sutural striz not prolonged to base of elytra; as a
rule not, or scarcely, passing the apex of scutellum.
aa*. Rostrum strongly curved, as a rule long and
slender (but rather short in a few species).
aat. Interstices narrow, carinate, much narrower
than the strie, which are strongly and seater
panctured (found on Saliz). ane "
bb+. Interstices level or convex, rarely ‘raised, very
seldom as narrow as the strie.
aay. Thorax and elytra glabrous.*
aaa. Colour of elytra metallic, blue, green, or
greenish-blue.
aaa*. Punctuation of thorax shallow and diffuse.
aaat. Size smaller; elytra more depressed,
greenish-blue ; fovea at base of thorax not
strong ‘
bbbf. Size much larger ; 3 elytra convex, deep
blue; fovea at base of thorax strong .
bbb*. Punctuation of thorax deep aud more
or less close. | me
aaa}. Eyes prominent.
— Head and thorax black, elytra
deep purplish-blue *, © . .
bbbt. Coijour entirely bright golden

green or greenish-blue. . . .
bbb. Eyes not prominent ; head and thorax
black, elytra deep Biles clcanis <s

bbb. a of upper and under surface entirely
b

aaa*. Thorax diffusely and very finely punc-
tured, smooth and shinivg, much longer
than broad; size larger . i s
bbb*. ‘Thorax closely aud somparahtvely strong-
ly punctured, dull, not much longer than
broad; sizesmall . .
bb}. Thorax * and elytra more ‘or less distinetly
pubescent.
aaa. Thorax with a central dorsal channel
extending from base to apex; colour
leaden; sizerathersmall . . .
bbb. Thorax with a central dorsal channel
continued beyond middle, but more or
less obsolete towards apex, and sometimes
towards base.
aaa*, eee blue ; forehead with a de-
pression between eyes; antenne black
bbb*. Elytra black or leaden-coloured ;
forehead without depression between
eyes.

135

A. victnum, Kirby.
A. atomakiuM, Kirly.

A. MinruuM, Herbst.

A. virnens, Herbst.

A. PUNCTIGERUM, Payk.

A. PIsi, F.
A. asTRAGALI, Payk.

A. zTuriops, Herbst.

’ (subsulcatum, Marsh.)

A, EBENINUM, Kirby.

A. FitrrostRE, Kirby.

A. ononis, Kirby.

A. SpENcEI, Kirby.

* In A. virens the pubescenee is scarcely visible, and I have therefore placed it in

this division.

136 RHYNCHOPHORA.

aaa}. Antenne entirely reddish-yellow in the male,
dark with the base reddish-yellow in the female;
elytra not strongly dilated behind . . ... .
bbbt. Antenne black in both sexes; elytra strongly
dilated behind, pear-shaped oe % SY Ee Me ee iia
cece, Thorax with an impression or channel distinct at base
only, and rarely reaching middle.*
aaa*, Tarsi with the first joint much longer than the
second, as long as or longer than the other
joints taken together ; legs verylong. . . . .
bbb*. Tarsi with the first joint shorter than the rest
taken together, but considerably longer than the
second.
aait. Head longer than broad ; eyes oval, less promi-
nent.) a, ee teats ee ecuts tenet ena
bbbt. Head broader than long ; eyes rounded, more
prominent . 3). carayhnyte Pee rel: bey
ccc™, Tarsi with the first joint about as long as, or
slightly longer than, second.
aauy. Elytra blue or greenish-blue.
auat. Elytra elongate, size larger; thorax closely
punctured ¢. deer ds ee st ER, ghee tee SC hete >
bbb}. Elytra not elongate ; size smaller.
uaaa, Punctuation of thorax stronger and less close ;
pubescence not distinct . . . 2... 2 ee

bbbb. Punctuation of thorax finer and very close;
pubescence very distinct. . . . 1. 1. 2 6 «

bbb}. Body black or leaden-black.
aaat. Hind body much dilated, pear-shaped. . . .
bbb}. Hind body not, or comparatively slightly, di-
lated or pear-shaped. ;
anaa. Orbits of eyes furnished beneath with a border
of white hairs; elytra often with a slight bronze
reflection". -. ~Ry""5 27 Mey he cae
bbbb. Orbits of eyes not furnished beneath with a
border of white hairs ; elytra without bronze re-
flection.
aaaa*, Scutellum long, rectangular ; size large ;
(insect closely resembling A. meliloti, except in
colour). . . ula? 0 aig ye eee te
bbbb*. Scutelium short, usually rounded or trian-
gular. ean
aaaay. Thorax plainly longer than broad.
aaaat. Thorax distinctly narrowed in front ;
elytra somewhat dilated behind; size
larger. . “4. i>), qe Pee ae
bbbby}. Thorax subcylindrical with the sides
subparallel ; size small,

| Apion.

A. Envi, Kirby.

A, STRIATUM, Marsh.

A. VorAX, Herbst.

A. GYLLENHALI, Kirby.
A. uNicoLoR, Kirby.

(afrum, Gy ll.)
A. MELILOTI, Kirby.
A. LIVESCERUM, Gyll,

(reflexwm, Gyll.)

A. Watrtont, Steph.
(Curtisi, Boh.)

A, immune, Kirby.

A, sIMILE, Kirby.

A. SCUTELLARE, Kirby.

A. Loti, Kirby.

* This character, as a rule, is a very good one, but in one or two species (e.g.
A, Gyllenhali, and in the preceding group -4. Spence?) is somewhat unsatisfactory,
*S the impressions and channels sometimes vary in different specimens of the same
insect; 1 cannot, however, find a more evident or reliable character on which to

separate these groups.

Apion.] -RHYNCHOPHORA. 137

aaaa§. Pubescence strong; elytra moderately convex. A. SENICULUM, Kirby.

bbbbs. Pubescence scanty ; elytra depressed ~« . . A. TENUE, Kirby.
bbbb+. Thorax as long as broad or transverse.

aaaat. Forehead with a broad impression in front ;

rostrum of equal length in both sexes . . A, PUBESCENS, Kirby.
bbbbt. Forehead even ; rostrum a little longer in
female thanin male. . . ays ae A. Curtist, Walt.
(curtulum, Desbr.)

bb*, Rostrum straight or only slightly curved (more
robust and broader than in the preceding species).*
aat. Base of elytra bordered between scutellum and
fourth stria ; upper surface of a reddish perso me-
tallic colour ; size larger . . A. Loontt, Kirby.
bbt. Base of elytra not bordered ; sind i smaller:
aat. Head and thorax black ; elytra metallic (blue,
Pig acorn or violet),
lytra short, strongly dilated and rounded be-
hind, convex,
aaa*. Sides of thorax almost straight ; ee
and throat almost impunctate . . . . A. MARcHICcUM, Herbst.
bbb*. Sides of thorax somewhat rounded ; tem-
ples and throat thickly and plainly punctured . A. AFFINE, Kirby.
bbb. . Blytea long, feebly dilated behind, depressed in

aaa*. Forehead distinctly punctured, rather shiny ;
rostrum in both sexes evidently reas than the
head . A. yronaceum, Kirby.
bbb*. Forehead almost shagreened, ‘very dull ; ;
trum shorter than the head in male and iinet as as
long as the head inthe female. . . . . A.HyDROLAPATHI, Marsh.
bb. Head thorax and elytra unicolorous black.
aaa. Scutellum very small, scarcely visible; punctu-
ation of thorax less close with central line impunec-

tate; sizesmaller. . . . A. SEDI, Germ.
bbb. Scutellum rather large, oblong 5 ; “punctuation of
thorax very Jeng size larger . ; . . A, HUMILE. Germ.

(curtirostre, Germ.)

I have for convenience, sake followed Bedel in indicating the chief
groups, although I have not kept to his arrangement; they are, how-
ever, to a great extent merely artificial groups and simply adopted with
a view to help the student in the identification of the species.

Group l.

Rostrum subulate at apex : colour dark blue or black with legs entirely
dark (on various Leguminose).

A. pomone, F. (cyanescens, Kirby). Head and thorax black or
blue-black, elytra ila or greenish-blue, finely and scantily pubescent
above, more closely beneath ; head strongly sculptured, rostrum broad
behind and much narrowed i in front, gibbose beneath before the insertion
of the antennz, with a smooth central line on the upper surface at base
which is more apparent in the male ; antenne black with the first joint

* vide p. 135, line 6.

138 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Apion.

usually reddish or ferruginous ; thorax longer than broad, narrowed in
frout, very closely and rather strongly punctured, with a fine central
channel before scutellum reaching middle; elytra convex with the
shoulders strongly marked and with strong punctured striw, interstices
flat, finely shagreened ; legs long, black; size variable; L. 22-84 mm.

Male with the thorax broader than in female, and with the narrowed
portion of the rostrum shorter and duller,

On Vicia sepium, Lathyrus pratensis, and alsu on Sarothamnus scoparius, Crategus
oxyacanthe, &c, ; the larva apparently feeds in the pods of Leguminose ; common
aud generally distributed throughout England from the Midland counties southwards,
but rarer further north ; Northumberland and Durham district, recorded by Mr.
Bold, as common in Mr. Selby’s Twizell collection ; Scotland, very rare, Forth district,
‘* Dalmeny Park,” Murray’s Cat. It appears to extend over the greater part of
Europe and Algeria ; Mr, Walton (Annals and Magazine of Natural History 1844,
p- 19) says that he has beaten the species out of juniper bushes at Birch Wood in
considerable abundance in the month of May. Curtis (Farm. Insects, p. 487) observes
that ‘‘as early as May these weevils are found on the hawthorn, and are abundant
until the autumn on heather, fir-trees, and oaks,” and that he has ascertained that
the female deposits her eggs in the pods of vetches, from which he has bred the
beetle ; the larva is of a pale ochreous colour; the chief vetches attacked are Vicia
sepium and V. sativa; Curtis further remarks that experience shows that V. sepium
(the bush vetch) is difficult to cultivate on a large scale, owing to the destruction of
the seeds by species of Apion.

A. opeticum, Bach. (¢ Marshami, Boh.), Allied to the preceding
species but on the average smaller and distinguished by its invariably
black colour, and by having the rostrum more abruptly contracted a
little behind the middle and less dilated at the base in both sexes; the
club of the antenne also is evidently less elongate and the sutural stria
is continued to base of elytra. L. 21-3 mm.

On Orobus vernus and Lotus corniculatus; very rare in Britain; two specimens
only have occurred ; these were taken by Dr. Power several years ago on Lotus

corniculatus growing on a railway bank near Bopeep, Hastings ; the species is by no
means uncommon in northern and central Europe on Orobus vernus.

A. cracce, L. (¢ rujicorne, Herbst.). Of the same general shape
as A. pomone, but much smaller, and of a dull black colour and more
evidently pubescent ; head broad, distinctly striated between eyes ;
rostrum abruptly narrowed in front, finely and closely punctured, except
towards apex, strongly and angularly gibbose beneath ; thorax as long
as its breadth at base, narrowed in front, rather finely and very closely
punctured, with a fine central furrow before seutellum which is variable
in length ; elytra convex, of shorter and broader form than in A. pomone,
with strong punctured striz and flat shagreened interstices; legs black
with strongly pubescent trochanters. L, 2-24 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter, as long as thorax, and the antenns
entirely testaceous.

Female with the rostrum longer, half as long again as thorax, and the
antenne dark towards apex, or testaceous only at base; the narrowed
part of the rostrum is also longer in this sex,

Apion.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 139

_ On Vicia cracca, Lathyrus sylvestris, Ervum hirsutum, &e.; local, but not
uncommon where it occurs; Darenth Wood, Shirley, Claygate, Caterham, Esher,
Dorking, Dagenham; Dover; Hythe; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; Isle of
Wight; Norfolk; Yorkshire; Northumberland and Durham district. “On Vicia
eracea in fields above Swatwell, opposite Axwell Park,’ Hardy; Scotland, Forth
district, very rare, ‘‘ Dalmeny Park,” Murray’s Cat.; very probably, however, the
last two records should be referred to A. cerdo ; Ireland, near Dublin, and Belfast ;
the species extends over Europe and Northern Asia; it is one. of those that occurs
plentifully on certain trees; Mr. Walton took it in great abundance on the oak and
ash at Shirley Common, near Croydon, and Dr. Power on lime trees at Rowner,
“ee it has been found in France on Vicia multiflora and V. hirsuta as well as on
+ cracca.

A. cerdo, Thoms. Allied to A. eracce from which it may be
known by its average larger size and more bulky limbs, and also by
having the rostrum less gibbose on its under side, the forehead with only
two or three distinct striz between eyes, the antennz with only one or
two basal joints testaceous -in both sexes, and the rostrum longer in
front of the insertion of the antennz and more gradually acuminate ;
from A. opeticum it may be separated by the strie between the eyes
and by having the base of the rostrum almost smooth in centre; it also

__ resembles 4. subulatum, but may be easily distinguished from that

species by its more abruptly subulate rostrum which is evidently,
although comparatively slightly, gibbose beneath; in the male the
rostrum is shorter and more evidently pubescent than in the female.
L. 23-3} mm. P .

On Vicia cracca ; almost exclusively a porthern species; Bewdley Forest (W. G.
Blatch); Northumberland and Durham district, Bothal, Gosforth, Gibside, banks of
Irthing, Hetton Hall, near Belford ; Scotland, very local, Solway district, Dumfries ;
one i is in Mr Crotch’s collection from Killarney, Ireland ; it is found in
northern and central Europe.

A.subulatum, Kirby (¢ Marshami, Steph.). This species may
easily be distinguished from the preceding by its much more gradually
subulate rostrum which is scarcely, if at all, gibbose beneath at the
insertion of the antennz ; the colour is dull black and the pubescence is
fine and scanty: head rather broad, plainly punctured, distinctly striated
between eyes, antenne black, with the first joint usually ferruginous,
inserted at about middle of rostrum ; thorax slightly narrowed in front,
with rather strong close punctuation, and a fine channel before scutellum ;
elytra dilated behind with the punctures of the strie placed rather
closely together, interstices flat, rather broad, feebly shagreened ; legs
black. L. 23-3 mm. :

_ Male smaller with the rostrum shorter and less narrowed towards
apex.

On species of Vicia, also on Lathyrus pratensis and Lotus corniculatus ; local, but
not uncommon where it occurs; Chatham, Caterham, Dorking, Tonbridge ; Blet-
chingley, Birdbrook, Rusper, near Maidstone (bred from pods of Lathyrus pratensis
(Gorham) ;) Herne Bay; Dover; Hastings; Rowner, Hants; Isle of Wight ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Seaton, Devon; Norfolk; Suffolk; Lickey Hills; Trench

140 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Apion.

Woods ; Barton Moss, Cheshire; Yorkshire; Northumberland and Durham district; _
Scotland, rare, Solway, Tweed and Forth districts; Ireland, Dublin, Waterford and
Armagh; the species extends over Europe and "the Mediterranean district, and
northern ‘and central Asia,

Group 2.

Upper surface strongly squamose ; antenne inserted at the base of the
rostrum which is furnished with a strong tooth on each side at the
point of their insertion ; elytra with the second. stria united behind to the
eighth (Oxystoma, Steph.); (on furze, broom and Grenista).

A. ulicis, Forst. Oblong, rather convex, black, covered with
thick white scaly pubescence, so that the insect appears to be ofa silvery
grey colour; head short, rugosely punctured; eyes convex; rostrum
varying in the sexes, narrow and almost straight, brownish-black or
somewhat ferruginous ; antenne slender, more or less testaceous, with
the club darker; thorax scarcely longer than broad, convex, with sides
narrowed in front, rounded behind middle and contracted at base, finely
and closely punctured, with a short stria before scutellum ; scutellum
black, glabrous ; elytra convex, broader at base than thorax, not dilated .
behind, with fine striz and broad finely rugose interstices ; underside
thickly sqnamose ; legs dark, more or less pitchy, anterior pair often
reddish. L. 2-2$ mm.

Male with the rostrum and antenne considerably shorter than in the
female.

On Ulex Europeus (common furze) and U. manus; common and generally dis-
tributed throughout the greater part of the kingdom.

A. genistz, Kirby. Oval, rather robust, thickly covered with
silvery white and fawn-coloured elongate scales, the sides of thorax,
underside of body and three central interstices of each elytra being light
and the remainder brownish; rostrum moderate, curved, antenne dark,
reddish towards base; head short, eyes prominent; thorax broader at
base than long, slightly narrowed in front, closely and rather strongly
punctured ; elytra ovate, rather broad, with sides strongly rounded, strie
fine ; legs red, tarsi black. L. 1$-2} mm.

On Genista tinctoria and G. anglica; very local, but not uncommon where it
occurs; Wanstead, Wimbledon, Esher, Horsell, Woking, Reigate, Weybridge, Bear-

sted, near Maidstone ; Suffolk; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton; Scotland, rare,
Moray district.

A. fuscirostre, F. More elongate and parallel-sided than the pre-
ceding, black, clothed rather sparingly with whitish and cinnamon-
coloured elongate scales ; the general colour is brown with the sides of
the elytra and an oblique band on each reaching from shoulders to
suture, white: the scales, however, are very often abraded ; head short,
coarsely punctured, rostrum moderately long, more strongly toothed at
the insertion of the antenne than in the preceding species; thorax

Apion.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 141

convex, a little longer than broad, with sides scarcely narrowed in front
and broadest behind middle, where they are rounded, closely punctured,
with a small stria before scutellum, which is glabrous ; elytra long, sub-
parallel, not much broader than thorax, finely striated ; legs robust, red,
with the base of femora and the tarsi usually black. L. 23-3 mm.
In the male the rostrum is shorter, and the thorax and general form
longer and more parallel.
_ On Genista tinctoria, G. anglica and Sarothamnus scoparius ; very local and, asa
rule, not common; Chatham, Whitstable, Weybridge, Chattenden, Plumstead, Birch
Wood, Charlton, Croydon ; Suffolk ; Colchester; Redgrave Fen; Bewdley ; Scotland,
Forth district, very rare, ‘‘ Juniper Green, near Edinburgh. Mr. R. N. Greville,”
Maurray’s Cat. This latter record may be in error, the Scotch catalogue of the species
being in a somewhat unsatisfactory condition. Dr. Sharp (Scottish Nat. xxxviii.
p. 287), says that he has himself given very little attention to the Apions of Scot-
land, and that a considerable proportion of the species given in his catalogue are
included only on the authority of Murray’s Catalogue, and some of them are probably
not really found in Scotland.

Group 3.

Upper surface more or less testaceous or reddish brown; antenne not
_ inserted at base of rostrum (on Malva and Urtica).

A. malvez, F. Oval, rather depressed, clothed with whitish gray
pubescence which is more evident on the underside, black, with the
elytra testaceous, except a patch at scutellum, often covering base, and
more or less of the suture and sometimes of side margins: head rather
‘short and broad, eyes prominent, surrounded with white cilia, rostrum
broad, often testaceous at apex, pubescent, more shining in front, an-
tenne testaceous; thorax about as long as broad, narrowed in ‘front,
feebly rounded at sides, finely punctured ; scutellum very small, glabrous ;
elytra rather flat on disc, considerably broader at base than thorax,
slightly widened behind middle, with finely punctured strie; legs tes-
taceous, claws and sometimes the base of the femora infuscate. L
2-23 mm.

In the male the rostrum is shorter and duller than in the female.

On species of Malva ; the larva has been found in the seed vessels of M. sylvestris
and M. rotundifolia; locally common; generally distributed in the London and
South Eastern districts of England; Essex; Devon, general but not common;
Swansea ; Hartlebury, near Worcester; Cambridge; Hunstanton, Norfolk, abundant ;
it is, apparently, not common in the Midlands, and I know of no record further
north than Repton, Burton-on-Trent: the species, according to Bedel, occurs over
the whole of Europe and the Mediterranean region, but it is not mentioned by
Thomson as occurring in Scandinavia, and the British distribution points to the fact
that it does not occur in the northern districts.

_ A. urticarium, Herbst. (vernale, F.,. concinnum, Marsh). One of
our smallest and prettiest species; elongate and narrow, of a lighter
or darker reddish-brown colour, clothed with distinct whitish pubes-
cence which is thicker at the sides of thorax and on the elytra; on the

142 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Apion.

latter there are two smooth and glabrous dentate bands which appear
dark against the white pubescence ; head broad, vertex slightly de-
pressed, rostrum rather long, dilated at base, antenne reddish with
club darker ; thorax subquadrate, scarcely narrowed in front, not very
closely punctured, with a variable impression or stria before scutellum;
elytra convex, broader at base than thorax, with the shoulders well
marked, and with distinct punctured striw, interstices rather convex;

underside clothed with rather thick white pubescence ; legs red, tarsi

and base of femora more or less infuseate. L, 2-2} mm.

Male smaller, with the rostrum shorter, thicker and evidently more

pubescent than in female.

On Urtica dioica (the common stinging nettle); also on U. wrens ; the larve live
in the stems of the nettles ; very local, but sometimes common where it occurs ;
Darenth, Gravesend, Caterham, Ripley, Dartford, Sheerness, Belvedere, Southend,
Woking, Sittingbourne; Deal; Hastings; Isle of Wight; Swanage ; Glanvilles
Wootton; Swansea; I know of no localities further north, :

Group 4.
Colour entirely blood-red or yellowish scarlet (chiefly on Rumez).

A. miniatum, Germ. (/rumentarium, Herbst. nec Payk.). One of
the largest and most conspicuous species of the genus ; colour blood-
red, pubescence very scanty; head long, coarsely punctured on both
its upper and under side, eyes black, very prominent ; rostrum com-
paratively short, curved, very stout, punctured at base, rather shining

and more finely punctured towards apex, apex dark ; thorax subcylin-~

drical,. dilated and rounded about middle, rather strongly constricted
in front, slightly narrowed at base, thickly and coarsely punctured,
with a stria before scutellum, which is small and furrowed; elytra
obovate, convex, with deep strongly punctured strie, interstices convex
scarcely as broad as the strie ; legs rather stout, apex of tibie and claws
and sometimes femora towards base piichy. i 33-45 mm.

Male with the head broader and the rostrum shorter and more
plainly punctured.

On species of Rumezx, especially R. obtusifolius and R. nemorosus ; the larva has
been observed in the stalks of R. hydrolapathum ; according to Perris, however, it
forms a gall on the leaves of the two first mentioned species in which it undergoes
its metamorphoses *; generally distributed and common from the Midlands south-
wards, but rarer further north; according to Murray it is occasional throughout

Scotland; it is apparently rare in the Northumberland and Durham districts.
Ireland, near Dublin and Waterford.

A. cruentatum, Walton. This species may easily be distinguished
from the preceding by its smaller size, less deep red colour, and the
shape of the eyes which are much larger and less prominent ; the thorax

* Bedel (1. c., p. 883) is of opinion that the species referred to by Perris may be
either A. cruentatum or A. hamatodes and not A. minialum.

Oe ON are,

Apion.] RHYNCHOPHORA, 143

also is more cylindrical and less strongly punctured : in general appear-
ance it more closely resembles A. hematodes, but may be known by the
punctured temples, the shape of the eyes and the stouter rostrum.

On Rumex ; also, according to Mr. Champion, on sallows, and by sweeping in
grassy fields, on the borders of woods, &c.; not common; Sydenham, Hampstead,
Chatham, Olaygate, Walton-on-Thames, Dulwich, Cowley, Birch Wood, Farne
ham, Sandhurst; Deal; Hastings; Arundel; Plymouth; Northumberland and
Durham district ; Scotland; Solway, Tweed and Tay districts ; Ireland, near Water-
ford.

A. hematodes, Kirby ( /rumentarium, Payk., L.?). Ofa pale san-
guineous colour, which is, however, darker in some specimens than in
others, slightly pubescent, dull ; head about as long as broad, finely and
closely punctured, temples and throat impunctate behind, rostrum
rather short, curved, shining, dark at apex ; thorax almost cylindrical,
rather finely and very closely punctured; elytra oval, dilated, rather
long, with punctured striz and subconvex interstices; claws and apex
of tibiz often black : it is a smaller species than either of the two pre-
ceding. L. 24-23 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter and more pubescent.

Sandy places; on Rumez acetosella; the larva, which is of an orange colour, lives
in a gall on the central ridge or petiole of the leaf; also on Teucriwm scorodonia ;

somewhat local, but not uncommon, and generally distributed throughout the king-
dom as far north as the Orkney Islands.

A. rubens, Steph. This species is easily distinguished from all the
other red species by its smaller size, narrow and subparallel form and
short broad head, as well as by its more evident pubescence ; the rostrum
is comparatively slender, strongly curved, finely punctured and rather
shining, dark at apex; thorax subtransverse, scarcely rounded at sides,
finely and closely punctured, with an obsolete furrow before scutellum ;
elytra with well marked shoulders, sub-parallel, with strong punctured
strie, interstices convex; legs rather short, claws black. L. 2 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter and thicker than in the female.

Sandy places, on Rumez acetosella, Teucrium scorodonia, &c.; local, but not un-
common in some districts; Esher, Shirley, Weybridge, Wimbledon, Coombe Wood,
West Wickham; Essex; St. Leonard’s; New Forest; Bournemouth; Shirley
Warren, Southampton ; Glanvilles Wootton (abundant) ; Blackdown, Devon (rare) ;
Swansea; Barmouth; Knowle, near Birmingham; Ashwicken; Chat Moss; Sher-
wood Forest ; Liverpool district (rare) ; Scotland, Balmuto, Fifeshire (Power).

A. sanguineum, De G. Oblong-obovate, of the form of A. viola-
ceum, finely pubescent, colour dull sanguineous ; head about as long as
broad, more coarsely punctured than thorax, vertex not punctured at
sides ; rostrum in the male shorter and thicker than in the female, rather
dull, distinctly punctured to apex, almost straight ; in the female long,
cylindrical, glabrous and shining, with scattered minute punctures, tip
pitchy ; thorax longer than broad, feebly rounded at sides, more narrowed

144 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Apion.

in front than behind, very finely and closely punctured ; elytra not very
convex, crenate-striate, with narrow, somewhat raised, interstices; legs
robust ; the species may be known by its shape and by having the
rostrum nearly straight and much longer in the female than in the male.
L. 25-31 mm. nf)
On Rumee acetosella ; according to M. C. Brisout the larva forms a gall at the
roots of the plant ; also on Teucrium scorodonia: in sandy places; rare; Reigate
(Champion) ; Esher (in some numbers (Champion) ); Weybridge on Agrimonia
rr te alot 3 Horsell (Power); Barmouth (Blatch); London and Yorkshire
ephens),

Group 5.

Upper surface black ; legs wholly or in part red ; pubescence distinct
at all events on under-side in male.

A. pallipes, Kirby (geniculatum, Germ.). Oblong, sub-parallel,
dull black, clothed with distinct and very evident whitish pubescence,
which is, however, éxsily abraded ; head short and broad, rather strongly
punctured, with one stria between the eyes, which is, however, often
obsolete, eyes prominent ; rostrum scarcely as long as head and thorax,
curved, a little thickened at base, finely punctured ; antenne inserted
near base, reddish-testaceous, with the club usually darker; thorax
scarcely longer than broad, slightly constricted in front, with the sides
sub-parallel, finely and closely punctured; scutellum rather large, sub-
cordiform ; elytra oblong-oval, with large punctured striw, interstices —
scarcely broader than the striz, base of the third a little dilated and
thickly pubescent ; legs testaceous with the tarsi and trochanters, and
usually the apex of tibie, and the knees, dark. L. 2-24 mm.

Male with the rostrum stouter and duller, pubescent, and more
evidently punctured; in the female the rostrum is longer and smoother
and more plainly curved.

“On Mercurialis perennis and Allium, especially in chalky districts ; very local, but
not uncommon where it occurs; London district, not uncommon, Caterham, Mickle-
ham, Birch Wood, Sevenoaks, St. Mary Cray, Dorking, Shirley, Birdbrook (Essex) ;
Ditchingham, Suffolk; Birchington; St. Leonards Forest; Arundel; Bath;
Robins Wood, Repton; Yorkshire; Bowden, near Manchester; Northumberland and

Durham district, rare; Scotland, very local, on Alliwm, Forth district ; abundant at
Eskbank, May 18, 1865 (Sharp).

A. semivittatum, Gyll. (Germari, Walt.). Closely allied to the
preceding, but more convex, with thicker and whiter pubescence, and
usually with a distinct bronze reflection ; the rostrum is shorter and the
thorax is more rounded at the sides; the elytra are proportionally
broader, with the shoulders more marked, and there is often a denuded
fascia on their disc; the club of the antenne is rarely infuscate, and the
insect may easily be distinguished by having the tarsi and trochanters
red, L. 1$-2} mm.

On Mercurialis annua in September and October; the larva lives in the knots of

Apion.]} RHYNCHOPHORA. 145

the stem; extremely local ; it has only been found in this country by Mr. Walton,
who many years ago took it in abundance near the Tivoli Gardens, Margate; the
species occurs rather rarely in central and southern Europe and Algeria.

A. rufirostre, F. (malrarum, Kirby). Black, elytra with a more
or less distinct greenish-zeneous reflection, upper surface very scantily
pubescent ; head rather broad, striated between eyes, rostrum varying
in the_sexes; thorax a little longer than broad, narrowed in front,
regularly, rather closely and distinctly punctured, with a fovea before
scutellum ; elytra widened, with fine strie which are almost impunctate,
and very broad interstices which are rather shining; antenne reddish
testaceous, darker in female, legs red, with apex of tarsidark, L.3 mm.

“Male with the rostrum reddish-yellow for its apical half, punctured,
much shorter than in female; under-side clothed with thick white
squamose pubescence, apex of abdomen red.

Female with the rostrum entirely biack, longer and smoother, the
sides of the breast clothed with thick whitish pubescence, and the apex
of abdomen and anterior cox black.

On mallows; the larva has been observed in the seed vessels of Malva sylvestris
-and M. rotundifolia ; common and genera!ly distributed from Yorkshire southwards,
but rarer further north; Northumberland and Durham districts, very rare; not
recorded from Scotland; Ireland, near Dublin.

A. viciz, Payk. A rather short and broad species which bears a
considerable resemblance to A. ervi in shape and in the fact that the
antennz are entirely yellow in the male and partially black in the female ;
upper surface rather dull, clothed with fine whitish pubescence ; head
rather broad, striated between eyes; thorax subtransverse constricted in
front, coarsely and regularly punctured, with a channel before scutellum
reaching middle; elytra globose-obovate, with punctured striz and flat
interstices ; legs rather long. L. 2 mm.

Male with the rostrum punctured and pubescent, the antenne entirely
yellow, and the under side of the eye and the under surface of the body
clothed with white squamose pubescence ; the intermediate and posterior
tibiz are black with the basal third red.*

Female with the rostrum more slendersand more curved, smooth and
shining, dull at base, the antenne fuscous towards apex, and the inter-
mediate and posterior tibize black with base at most pitchy.

On Vicia eracca ; locally common; Wimbledon, Caterham, Birch Wood, Chatham,
Rusper, near Maidstone ; Eastbourne; Thorness Bay, Isle of Wight; Exeter;
Bideford ; Wicken Fen; Midland districts, generally distributed ; Repton, Burton-
on-Trent ; Yorkshire (very common, Walton); Barton Moss, Cheshire ; Liverpool
district ; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, Solway, Tweed, Forth
and Tay districts ; Ireland, Waterford and near Belfast.

Grovrp 6.
Upper surface black ; legs wholly or in part red ; pubescence very slight
or absent (chiefly on species of Trifolium).
* On page 133, line 7, ‘‘ base” should be read for “apex.” See Vol. I. Introduction,

page xxx.
VO. Fi; L

146 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Apion.

A. difforme, Germ. (éibiale, Desbr.). Black, shining, glabrous ;
antenne varying very much in the sexes, red, more or less broadly
fuscous towards apex ; head striated between eyes ; thorax conical, closely
and rather coarsely punctured, with a distinct furrow before scutellum ;
elytra oval, with shoulders rather strongly marked, and with punetured
strie, interstices rather broad. L. 3 mm.

Male with the scape of the antenne clavate, much dilated at apex,
funiculus with the first joint small, and the second and third very broad
and dilated ; femora, except extreme apex, the trochanters, and more or
less of tibie, red, anterior tibiz curved and slightly dilated, posterior
tibie dilated at apex.

Female with the antenne and tibie simple, and the rostrum mo
slender than in male ; femora, except apex, red, tibiae and anterior coxa
and trochanters black.

Marshy places; on Polygonwm hydropiper, &c.; local; London district, rather
common and generally distributed ; Birchington ; Deal ; Dover ; Hastings ; Arundel ;
Brighton ; Portsmouth; Devonshire; Littlington, Cambridge; Huntingdonshire ;
Knowle, near Birmingham; I know of no record further north than Hunstanton,
Norfolk, where I have taken it sparingly on the side of a brook towards Heacham.

A. dissimile, Germ. Smaller than the preceding, black, almost
glabrous ; head rather broad, somewhat obsoletely punctured in front;
thorax subcylindrical, with the sides rounded in middle, closely and
rather strongly punctured, with an indistinet channel before base ; elytra
comparatively short, with rather fine punctured strie, shoulders strongly
prominent ; femora and basal half of tibia red, anterior tibiz often
almost entirely red. L. 23 mm.

Male with the scape of the antenne much dilated and reddish yellow,
the remaining joints being black; the first two joints of the tarsi are
dilated and furnished with thick white silky pubescence beneath, and the
posterior tibie are slightly curved.

Female with the antenne simple, entirely black, and the tibie and
tarsi simple.

Sandy places; on Trifolium arvense in September and October; local, but
occasionally plentiful where it occurs; Weybridge, Sevenoaks, Birch Wood; Deal
(on flowers of the Haresfoot Trefoil, &c.) ; Sandwich; Arundel, Sussex; St.
Osyth ; Barmouth.

A. varipes, Germ. Black, shining, with the antenne black, pitchy
testaceous towards base ; furehead closely sculptured ; rostrum long and
shining, sparingly punctured ; thorax oblong, closely and subrugosely
punctured, with a fine central channel reaching from base to middle;
elytra long, oblong oval, with punctured strie ; femora, except extreme
apex, and anterior cox, red; anterior tibie mostly red, intermediate
and posterior pairs with a broader or narrower red ring before base ; the
species is allied to A. apricans, from which it may be known by having
the rostrum longer and much more curved, especially in the female, the

i Aces |
— ,

Apion.) RHYNCHOPHORA. 147

stouter legs, and the distinct red rings before the base of the inter-
mediate and posterior tibie, which is always black. L. 23-2} mm.
Male with the anterior tibie slightly curved, and the antenne lighter

, at base than in female.

On the red clover; very local; London district, not uncommon, Mickleham,
Caterham, Croydon, Birch Wood, Dartford, Maidstone, Cowley, Warlingham,
Southend, &c.; Birchington; Pegwell Bay; Dover; Hastings; Eastbourne ;
Arundel; Isle of Wight; Glanvilles Wootton; Devonshire, Seaton Beach and
Exeter; Wicken Fen; Repton; York; Northumberland and Durham district, very
rare; Scotland, very rare, Forth district, ‘‘Dalmeny Park, Mr. R. N. Greville,
Maurray’s Cat.”

A. levicolle, Kirby. From all the allied species except A.
Schénherri this very distinct insect may at once be known by its finely
punctured smooth and shining thorax, from which it derives its name;
it is considerably larger and more robust than A. Schdnherri and may
be known from that species by having the base of the posterior tibie
furnished with a broad testaceous ring; the whole body is black,
smooth and shining; head rather broad, striated; rostrum stout, a
little longer in female than in male; thorax oblong, very slightly
narrowed in front, with sides subparallel, and a very distinct central
furrow behind ; elytra oblong oval, with punctured strie which are not
so strong in some specimens as in others; legs red, with trochanters,
knees, apex of tibiw, and tarsi, black. L. 2} mm.

Sandy and chalky places; by sweeping herbage; occasionally found in moss beneath
furze, and in haystack refuse; its exact food plant appears to be unknown, but Bedel
(i. c. p. 366) says that Bargagli (Rincop. Europ. p. 158) supposes that the species
develops itself in a gall (?) on Trifolium repens; very local, but occasionally not
uncommon where it occurs; Darenth; Dulwich; Gravesend, Sheerness, Dartford,
Southend; Windsor; Deal; Dover; Hastings; Eastbourne; Arundel; Hurstpier-
point; Littlehampton; Brighton; Isle of Wight, Ryde, Freshwater, Totlands Bay,
&c. ; it appears to be almost confined to the south-eastern districts of England, and
is chiefly found near the coast.

A. Schonherri, Boh. Black, shining, glabrous ; head short and broad,
striated between eyes, rostrum rather short and stout, narrowed in front
and much thickened behind, somewhat curved ; antenne about as long
as rostrum, black, except first joint, which is more or less red; thorax
narrow, oblong and subcylindrical, very finely and minutely punctured,
smooth and rather shining, the punctures being more or less distinct in
different specimens, base with a minute fovea; elytra convex, rather
short, with deep finely punctured striz, interstices rather broad and
flat; legs black with the anterior coxz and trochanters reddish or
pitchy, anterior tibie variable, intermediate and posterior tibie black,
all the femora red. L. 2 mm.

In the female the rostrum is more slender than in the male, and the
antennz, as in several of the allied species, are inserted a little behind

middle.
Lb 2

148 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Apion.

By sweeping herbage, on or near the coast: it probably occurs on Trifoliwm, as
it has been found in some numbers at the bottom of a clover stack in winter at Sheer-
ness by Mr. J. J. Walker; very local and rare: Southend (Rye and Gorham) ;
Sheerness (Walker and Champion); Weybridge and Seaford, Devon (Power) ; East-
bourne (Waterhouse); Portsmouth, 1873 (Walker); Heath at Warning Camp near
Arundel (Walton and 8. Stevens); Brading, Isle of Wight (S. Stevens) ; Scar-
borough, August, 1837 (Walton) ; the specimens in our collection are chiefly due to
the liberality of Mr. J. J. Walker, who has found so many rare British species in
numbers, and is a true type of an unselfish entomologist, as he collects vigorously for
his friends and keeps no collection himself,

A. apricans, Herbst. (fagi, Kirby, flavifemoratum, Kirby, assimile,
Kirby (1), flavipes, Mill. nec F.). Black, glabrous, rather shining ; fore-
head rugosely punctured, rostrum long and slender, slightly curved,
antenne black with base reddish ; forehead rugosely punctured; thorax
oblong, oval-cylindrical; rather closely and distinctly and regularly
punctured, with a central channel behind; elytra obovate with strong
punctured striz, interstices rather broad ; legs black, with all the femora
and the anterior tibie reddish-testaceous, L. 2-24 mm. ;

Female with the rostrum longer than in male, and the elytra deflexed
and callose behind. Sah.

On red clover (Trifolium pratense), &c.; also occasionally on trees; generally dis-
tributed and common throughout the greater part of the kingdom; the species is

spread over Europe and Northern Asia, and sometimes does considerable damage in
clover fields.

A. assimile, Kirby. I have followed Bedel in not regarding this as a
separate species ; as he remarks (Il. c. p. 209), authors are not agreed as
to the distinctive characters they assign to it, and it might be added that
the characters themselves are comparative and slight, and in as far as
they rest on the punctuation of the thorax and colour of legs they are
not reliable, as in these points different specimens of the same species
are somewhat variable. I have never been able satisfactorily to dis-
tinguish the two species and am very glad that A. assimile appears now to
be sunk, as it considerably simplifies the red-legged group; it may, however,
be as well to point out the usually received differences as given by Walton
(Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1844, p. 87), where he says, ‘‘ A. assimile
may be known from A. fagi by having the rostrum in both sexes dis-
tinctly more curved, and in the male attenuated in front, whereas the
latter species has the rostrum of both sexes filiform, nearly straight, and
evidently longest in the female. A. assimile has the basal joints of the
antenne dull piceous and the thorax closely punctuated, with the punc-
tures confluent, A. fagi has the basal joints of the antenne testaceous
and the thorax above more convex, with shallow subremote punctures on
the disc ; and it isa larger insect than A. assimile.” A. assimile is re-
corded as found in company with A. fagi and as being just as common.

A. Bohemani, Thoms. (ononidis, Gyll., ononicula, Bach., assimile,
Kirby jorte, apricans var. Setdl.). Closely allied to A. apricans but

Apion.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 149

larger, with the forehead strongly striated between the eyes and the
thorax closely, strongly and rugosely punctured; on the rostrum there
is a distinct central carina prolonged almost to the insertion of the
antenne, and the thorax is impressed behind on each side at base ; the
male may be distinguished from the same sex in A. apricans by its
short, almost subulate, rostrum and longer antenne, and the female may
be known by its more strongly arched rostrum; all the femora are red
(the anterior coxe and trochanters being also of that colour); the
anterior tibia are very dusky testaceous and the other tibiz are black.
L. 23-3 mm.

On Ononis spinosa and other species of Ononis; chiefly on the coast in Britain,
but it is found throughout the greater part of Europe; locally abundant; Herne
Bay; Whitstable; Dover; Hastings; Shipley, near Horsham; Isle of Wight;
Wallasey, Cheshire; Dr. Sharp has taken it in profusion on the South coast on
Ononts spinosa and O. arvensis; the larva lives in the pods of the plants.

A. trifolii, L. (¢stivum, Germ., flavipes, Laich, ? F.). This
species is very closely allied to A. apricans, but may be distinguished by
having the anterior trochanters pitchy and the four posterior trochanters
black, whereas in the latter species they are all rufous; the antenne are
relatively shorter and are entirely black ; the rostrum is very little curved
in either sex, and the general form is shorter; the average size, moreover,
is considerably smaller. L. 12-2 mm.

On the red clover; not so abundant as the preceding, but generally distributed and
more or less common from the midland counties southwards; rarer further north.
Northumberland and Durham district, rare; Scotland, Solway district, ‘“ Raelills,
Rev. W. Little, Murray’s Cat.” ; it probably occurs commonly in Ireland.

A. Ryei, Blackburn. This species may be an extreme form of one
of the closely allied species, and requires further confirmation ; according
to the description given in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine
(xi. 128), it may be separated from all the rest in the group with the
femora and anterior tibize alone reddish-yellow, by its short, broad,
sparingly punctured thorax, which is scarcely, if at all, longer than
broad, and has its sides very evidently rounded ; it is most nearly allied
to A. apricans ( fagi), from which it differs in its shorter and more
strongly bent rostrum, and in its antennez, which have a darker base.
L. 23 mm.

Taken sparingly by Mr, C. Lilley and the Rev. T. Blackburn in the Shetland
Islands, in July, 1874.

A. dichroum, Bedel (flavipes, Brit. Cat., ? F.). This and the
succeeding species are easily distinguished from all the others in the
group by having all the tibie entirely red or reddish-yellow ; from A.
nigritarse the present species may be known by its larger size, and also
_by having the rostrum black in both sexes, and the anterior coxe yellow-
red in the male and black in the female ; the forehead is plainly striated
between the eyes, and the thorax is subcylindrical, very closely and

150 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Apion.

sometimes rather rugosely punctured, with a distinct channel at base ;
the elytra are elongate ovate, with moderately strong punctured striz.
L. 13-2 mm.

On white clover (Trifolium repens), Spirea, &c,: common and generally distri-
buted throughout the kingdom; it extends over Europe and Northern Asia.

I have adopted Bedel’s name for this species, as the common name 4,
flavipes has been applied tu several insects by different authors, and it
does not seem at all clear to what species the original type must be
assigned ; it is better therefore to adopt an entirely new name.

A.nigritarse, Kirby. Smaller than the preceding from which it
may at once be known by the more finely punctured and smoother thorax,
and by the fact that the male has the anterior half of the rostrum yellow-
red; the anterior coxe are red in both sexes, and the antenne are reddish-
yellow except the club, whereas in A. dichroum the anterior coxe are
black in the female, and the apical half of the funiculus of the antenne
is black in both sexes. L. 13 mm. Tsai

On various species of Zrifoliwm, and also on other low plants; common and gen-
erally distributed throughout England from the Manchester and Liverpool district
southwards; recorded by Bold as not common in the Northumberland and Durham
district, and by Dr. Sharp as occurring orly in the Solway district of Scotland; Ire-
land, Dublin, &c.; the larve of the clover-feeding species appear to be almost always
found in the flower-heads.

The A. Waterhousei of Boheman is, according to Walton, a variety of
the female of this species with the tibize obscurely testaceous.

Group 7—22.

The whole of the species in the remaining groups have the body black
or metallic with the legs entirely dark (except A. annulipes, which has a
testaceous ring at the base of the tibie in male, A. flavimanum which has
the base of the tibie yellow-brown in both sexes, the colour being often
vbscure, and A. filirostre which sometimes has a testaceous ring at the
apex of the anterior femora) ; the chief distinguishing characters will be
found in the table of species (pp. 184 et seqq.),

Group 7.

Rather small narrow species, with the forehead marked with two dis-
tinct furrows in the form of a V (on Corymbifere).

A. confluens, Kirby. Rather narrow, black, somewhat shining,
clothed with distinct but fine and sparse pubescence; head almost as
broad as the anterior margin of thorax, finely shagreened, rostrum
slightly curved, about as long as head and thorax, antenne rather stout,
inserted near base of rostrum ; thorax almost cylindrical, a little longer
than broad, sparingly and finely punctured with a small fovea at base ;

Apion.) RHYNCHOPHORA. 151

élytra leaden, not very convex, with fine and not deep punctured stria,
and broad flat interstices ; legs rather stout. L.1}-2 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter and the head broader, and the first
joint of the posterior tarsi armed with a small spine beneath.

Chiefly on Matricaria chamomilla, but occasionally on Chrysanthemum leucan-
themum ; locally common; Mi-kleham, Egham and Gomshall, Surrey; Lee, Esher,
Birch Wood, Chatham, Sheerness, Erith, Belvedere, Dartford, &c.; Deal;
Arundel; Brighton ; Portsmouth; Isle of Wight; Devon; St. Faith’s, Norwich ;
Lowestoft ; Heysham, near Lancaster ; Ireland, Armagh (Johnson).

A. stolidum, Germ. This species is very closely allied to the pre-
ceding, and has by many authors been considered merely a variety ; it
may, however, be known by the stronger striz of the elytra and con-
sequently narrower interstices ; the rostrum is a little longer and more
curved, the frontal impression is stronger, and the thorax is broader ; the
general form is said to be shorter, but intermediate specimens occur ; the
pubescence also is less evident. UL. 1-1} mm.

On Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (Ox-eye Daisy) and not on Matricaria; not
common, or rather very local; Mickleham, Hammersmith, Birch Wood, Caterham,
Sheerness, Weybridge, Horsell, Barking; Bushey, Herts; Birchington; Sussex ;
Isle of Wight; Blackpool (Chappell) ; Scotland; rare, Solway district only.

Group 8.

_ Species with the thorax subglobose, convex on disc and strongly rounded
at sides (chiefly on Corymbiferz).

A. sorbi, F. (levigatum, Payk., Bedel, &e , nee Kirby, viridescens,
Marsh, ¢ carbonarium, Germ., ¢ Sahlbergi, Gyll.). Short and broad,
glabrous ; male entirely black, female with the elytra blue ; head short,
enlarged behind, forehead rugose or striate, eyes not prominent ; rostrum
varying in the sexes ; antennz moderately long with the scape as long
as the two following joints, and the club oval ; thorax convex, about as
long as broad, with the sides strongly rounded, rather coarsely punctured,
the punctures being more or less diffuse on disc and closer at sides,
basal fovea deep ; elytra very broad, with punctured strie, and wide
flat interstices ; legs black, rather long. L. 3-4 mm.

Male considerably smaller than female, entirely black, with the
rostrum much shorter, dull and punctured, and the elytra almost

herical.

Penal larger with the elytra blue, and the rostrum as long as the
body, smooth and shining.

On Matricaria chamomilla, M. inodora, Anthemis arvensis, &c.; also on the
wild cherry; rare, male extremely rare; Tonbridge Wells (male), Wood Ditton
(1835), and Cambridge (Power) ; Cambridge, in mos and dead leaves ( Wollastcn) ;
Hastings (Butler); London district, Suffolk and Yorkshire (Stephens) ; Shoreham,
Sussex (Rev. A. Matthews) ; Isle of Wight (Gorham); Bury Hill, near Arundel,
August, and recently at Totlands Bay; Isle of Wight (S. Stevens); Knaresborongh,
Yorkshire, on the blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), both sexes (Walton). In August,

152 - RHYNCHOPHORA, [Apron

1877, the year after I began collecting Coleoptera, I beat a considerable number of
specimens out of a hedge near Brockenhurst, New Forest, but as I did not know the
species I paid no attention to it and only kept three or four examples; I have only
seen one male of the species, which is in Dr. Power’s collection,

A. Hookeri, Kirby. Short and broad, black, rather dull, sometimes
with a slight greenish reflection, scantily pubescent; head short and
broad, eyes rather prominent ; rostrum about as long as head and thorax,
dilated and dull at base, narrowed and rather shining in front; thorax
subglobose, convex, more narrowed in front than behind, with fine and
very close punctuation and an obsolete fovea or channel at base ; elytra
oblong-oval, with well-marked shoulders, and deep punctured striae,
interstices flat, very finely and transversely shagreened ; legs moderately
long and stout. L 2-25 mm.

Male smaller, with the rostrum shorter, and the elytra usually black,
rarely greenish.

Female larger, with the rostrum longer, and the elytra usually greenish;
the antenne also are somewhat longer and more slender than in the
male,

On Matricaria chamomilla, Hieractwm umbellatum, Trifolium pratense, &c.:
local; London district, not uncommon, Claygate, Esher, Caterham, Shirley,
Woking, bexley, Chatham, Sheerness, Gravesend, Dartford, Whitstable; Shipley,
near Horsham; Hastings; Bognor; Worthing; Portsmouth ; Southampton; New
Forest ; Bournemouth; Isle of Wight, Ventnor, Sandown, &c.; Devon (larve feed-
ing on the heads of flowers of Matricaria inodora, V. maritima) ; Corwen; Lowestoft ;
Wicken Fen ; Erdington; Knowle, near Birmingham; Harrogate.

Group 9.

Rather long and large, more or less metallic, species with the inter-
mediate ccxce broadly distant (on mallows and thistles).

A. weneum, F. A large convex species, black, with the elytra
metallic, blue, greenish, or occasionally coppery ; pubescence very fine
and scanty; forehead with a strong and deep longitudinal furrow, a point
that will easily distinguish the species; rostrum thick, cylindrical,
slightly dilated at sides, plainly punctured ; antennz rather short and
thick ; thorax longer than broad, somewhat constricted in front, coarsely
punctured, with a deep furrow or fovea before scutellum which is
elongate ; elytra convex, shining, with the shoulders well marked, com-
paratively finely striated, the striz being apparently almost impunctate,
and with the interstices broad and flat and marked with traces of fine
diffuse punctuation ; legs rather stout, black. L. 3-3} mm.

Male with the rostrum thicker and shorter, and the anterior tibic
slightly curved.

On various species of mallows ; the larva has been found in the stems of M. sylvestris
and rotundifolia, and the perfect insect has also occurred on other species ; generally

distributed and e-mmon throughout the greater part of England and probably Scot-
land and Ireland.

Apion.] RHYNCHOPHORA, 153

A. radiolus, Kirby (aterrimum, Marsh, orurum, Kirby). This
species is found in company with the preceding which it much resembles
in shape, but may be easily distinguished by its more slaty-leaden
- colour and much more evident pubescence, as well as by the absence of
a frontal fovea; the head and thorax are more finely punctured, and the
antennz are longer ; the scutellum has two small divergent carinz at
base ; the elytra are more strongly striated and the strie are evidently
punctured; the legs are moderately long and finely pubescent. L. 23-3
mm.

Male with the rostrum thicker and shorter and the anterior tibie .
slightly curved.

' On various species of mallows; usually found in company with the preceding and
gre see 3 it has occurred on Tanacetum vulgare and has also been found
on the holly.

A. onopordi, Kirby ( penetrans, Steph.). Black, with the elytra
blue-black, blue or greenish, more shining than the rest of the body ;
pubescence almost absent; head small, coarsely punctured, striated
between eyes ; rostrum thick, gently curved, slightly dilated near the
insertion of the antennz; antenne stout, black; thorax longer than
broad, with the sides almost parallel, very strongly and coarsely punc-
tured, the punctuation being more or less confluent, and with a deep
furrow before scutellum which is very small; elytra oval, moderately
convex, widened at sides, with strong punctured strix; legs stout,
moderately long. L. 25-3 mm.

Male with the head broader than in the female, and with the rostrum
shorter and thicker and the eyes more prominent.

On Onopordon acanthium and other species of thistles ; also on certain species of
Cnicus and Rumer ; the larva is said to undergo its transformations in the stems of

Centaurea nigra ; common and generally distributed in England and Scotland, and
probably in Ireland,

Grovr 10.

Rostrum very strongly dilated on each side at the insertion of the
antenne (on thistles).

A. carduorum, Kirby (cyaneum, De G., gibbirostre, Gyll.).
Elongate, black, elytra slightly bluish or greenish, pubescence more or
less evident; head finely striated between eyes, which are slightly
prominent ; rostrum longer than head and thorax, strongly curved, with
a large tooth on each side at the insertion of the antenne, finely punc-
tured and more shining at apex; antennz stout; thorax convex, sub-
parallel, slightly rounded at sides, moderately strongly punctured, with
a furrow before scutellum, which is small; elytra with strongly marked
shoulders, scarcely rounded at sides which are not widened in middle,
with punctured strie and flat finely shagreened interstices ; legs black,
robust, more or less pubescent ; size extremely variable. L. 14-3} mm.

154 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Apion.

Male usually smaller than female, with the anterior tibia curved at
apex and armed with a small tooth, and with the first joint of the pos-
terior tarsi furnished with a small hook on its internal apical border.

On thistles; generally distributed and common throughout the kingdom; the

larva has been observed in the central stalk of the leaf of the artichoke (Cynara
scolymus), in the stems of Cirsium arvense, and in the axils of the stems of species of

Carduus.
Grovp 11,

Strice of elytra very jine, more or less obsolete, thorax almost smooth
(on Gnaphalium (Filago) gallicum, the narrow cudweed, very rare).

A. levigatum, Kirby, nec Payk. (brunneipes, Boh.). Black, rather
shining, glabrous, with the elytra black, bluish, or slightly violet; head
quadrate, forehead with a semicircular finely striated depression ; rostrum
as long as head and thorax, curved and cylindrical, finely and diffusely
punctured ; thorax cylindrical, about as long as broad, very finely punc-
tured, almost smooth, and with the fovea before scutellum scarcely
apparent ; scutellum very small; elytra convex, broadest a little behind
middle with very fine and more or less obsolete strize and broad and flat
interstices, which are shining; legs black or obscure pitchy-brown.
L. 2-23 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than in the female; according to
Walton the male is entirely black, whereas the female has the elytra of
a rich violet colour.

By sweeping low plants, August and September, extremely rare; it occurs on
Gnaphalium (Filago) gallicum, on which plant the larva lives in a gall on the
terminal bud; taken many years ago in a corner of a field at Birch Wood, Kent, by
Mr. Walton, Mr. Waterhouse, and Mr. S. Stevens; the latter gentleman informs me
that the locality is destroyed ; it bas also been taken at Birch Wood by Mr. F. Smith
and in the same locality on Gnaphalium gallicum by Dr, Power.

Group 12.

Small or very small species, with the sutural strie prolonged to the
base of elytra (chiefly on species of Thymus and Mentha).

A, flavimanum, Gyll. (picicorne, Steph.). A small and rather
elongate species, black, pubescent ; head broad and short, with close
rugose punctuation ; rostrum dull, pubescent almost to apex, as long as
head and thorax; antenne slender, with the base pitchy-testaceous ;
thorax almost as broad as long, strongly constricted in front, rounded at
the sides, with the anterior margin raised, finely and closely punctured ;
scutellum small; elytra a little broader at base than thorax, with the
sides subparallel, striz rather strong amd strongly punctured, interstices
narrow; legs black, rather stout, tibie more or less pitchy, or pitchy-
testaceous. L, 2-2} mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than in female, the head broader, and
the eyes larger, and the antenne more plainly testaceous at base; the

;
J
;
=

Apion.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 155

legs also appear to be somewhat lighter in this sex, all the tibie and the
anterior femora being more or less pitchy-brown or pitchy-testaceous.
‘Chalky districts; on Teucrium scorodonia, and species of Mentha; the larva has
been found in the centre of the stem or at the roots of Mentha rotundifolia; very
local, but not uncommon in some places where it has occurred; Mickleham, Cater-
ham, Reigate, Bearsted, near Maidstone, Faversham, Chatham, Gravesend, Chatten-

den; Mickleham and Riddlesdown on Origanum vulgare (Power); Arundel ;
Crohamhurst.

A. annulipes, Wenck. (millum, Bach.). In general appearance
this species resembles the preceding, but differs in its shorter thorax,
the colour of the legs and the very robust femora ; head short and broad,
vertex depressed, forehead rugosely punctured, eyes slightly prominent ;
rostrum about as long as head and thorax, finely punctured, shining ;
antennz inserted towards the base of rostrum ; thorax transverse, some-
what narrowed in front, less closely punctured than in A. flavimanum;
scutellum small, foveolate ; elytra somewhat depressed with the shoulders
obliquely rounded but with the humeral callosity well marked, sides
subparallel and very obtusely produced at apex ; interstices less dull
than in the preceding species ; legs robust. L. 14-2 mm.

Male with the antennez entirely testaceous, except the club, and with
all the tibie marked with testaceous before the base and on the inner
side, and the femora (especially the anterior pair) very robust.

Female with the antenne reddish at base and with the legs entirely
black.

Chalky hill sides and in woods ; by sweeping herbage; the food plant is unknown,
but according to Bedel is probably one of the Labiate; very rare ; Chatham, Mickle-
ham and Caterham (Champion); Chattenden; Mickleham, and Parkhurst Forest,
Isle of Wight (Power) ; Mickleham (S. Stevens) ; 3; the only male taken in Britain
has been captured by r. J. W. Ellis near Liverpool, probably at Wallasey.

A. vicinum, Kirby (incrassatum, Germ., loti, Gyll., nec Kirby).
Rather short and broad, convex, dull black, with rather close grey
pubescence which in fresh specimens gives the insect a grey appearance,
but is very easily rubbed; head broad and short; rostrum slender,
curved, a little thicker at the insertion of the antennz ; antenne inserted

towards base, rather slender, black with the base obscurely lighter ;
thorax transverse rather strongly narrowed in front, gently rounded at the
sides, strongly and closely punctured, with a short stria before scutellum ;
elytra short, oval, convex, much broader at base than thorax, slightly
dilated behind middle, with the shoulders plainly marked, and with broad
strongly punctured strie which are of about the same width’ as the
interstices: these latter are finely shagreened ; legs black, moderately
stout. L.2} mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than in the female and pubescent.

On Thymus serpyllum, Mentha aquatica, &.: rare; Claygate Lane, near Esher
(Power) ; Windsor ; Wicken Fen ; Pegwell Bay (T. Wood) ; Southampton ( Blatch) ;
Heysham, near Lancaster (Reston) ; ; London niet Suffelk and Yorkshire

156 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Apion.

(Stephens); the male is rarer than the female. Walton says of the species, “ very
rare in the south of England, but I found it in Yorkshire in profusion on the black-
thorn (Prunus spinosa), growing on a hedge bank by the side of a ditch full of
rushes in a marshy situation.”

A. atomarium, Kirby (pusillum, Germ.). The smallest British
species; oval, short, dull black, clothed with very distinct greyish
pubescence; head short, finely striated between eyes which are large ;
rostrum cylindrical, curved, with fine diffuse punctuation ; antennz

inserted towards base, black with the scape often more or less testaceous; —

thorax transverse, convex, rounded at sides and narrowed in front,
thickly and rather strongly punctured, with a fine short stria before
scutellum ; scutellum very small, convex and glabrous; elytra short-oval
and convex, rounded behind, with the shoulders not strongly marked ;
strie strong and plainly punctured, interstices rather narrow, shagreened ;
legs black, short. L. 13-1$ mm.

Male usually smaller with the rostrum shorter and more strongly
pubescent.

Chalky places; on Thymus serpyllum ; very local, but not uncommon where it
occurs; Chatham, Birch Wood, Mickleham, Reigate, Caterham, Kenley (Surrey) ;

Dover; Arundel; Whitsand Bay, near Plymouth; Holyhead; Ashwicken, near
Cambridge,

Group 13.

Very small species with the sulci of the elytra as broad as the inter-
stices (on Salix).

A. minimum, Herbst. (velox, Kirby, foraminosum, Gyll). Oval,
moderately elongate, dull-black, with fine and very scanty pubescence ;
head broad and very short, forehead strongly punctured, eyes large and
slightly prominent; rostrum stout, rather smooth and shining, scarcely
as long as head and thorax, finely punctured ; antennz black, sometimes
obscurely reddish at base, inserted a little before middle of rostrum;
thorax scarcely as long as broad, strongly and deeply punctured, with a
small fovea at base; scutellum triangular, not furrowed; elytra oval,
moderately convex, subparallel, but slightly enlarged behind middle,
with the shoulders rounded and not marked, and with very broad and
strongly and catenulately punctured striz; the interstices are narrower
than the strize and somewhat raised, and are transversely shagreened ;
legs rather long, black, anterior femora stout, tarsal claws with a small
tooth at base; size variable. L, 13-2 mm.

Male with the rostrum longer than in female.

On various species of Salix, in May and June; very local and, as a rule, rare, but
occasionally found in numbers ; Hampstead, Wimbledon, Coombe Wood, Woking,
Dorking, Maidstone, Esher, Horsell (Walton, Stevens, Power, Champion and
others); Dover (E. G. Hall); Bretby Wood, near Repton (Garneys) ; Scotland,
very rare Solway district, “ Raehills, Rev. W. Little,” Murray’s Cat.; according to
Wencker the larva feeds in a gall produced by a Nematus on the leaves of Salix

;

Apion.) RHYNCHOPHORA, 157

vitellina, and Kaltenbach has observed it in a gall on leaves of S. cinerea; M. Bedel
says that the perfect insect is common “duns les dunes de la Somme ” on S. repens,

var. argented.
Group 14,

Species with at least the elytra strongly meta’lic, blue or greenish-
blue, glabrous, with the sutural stria of elytra not reaching the base of
elytra (on Leguminose, chiefly Vicia).

. &. virens, Herbst. (eneocephalum, Gyll.). Black with the elytra
greenish-blue, head usually more or less seneous, and thorax, as a rule,
metallic, zneous or greenish, pubescence extremely scanty, almost
absent, so that the upper surface appears glabrous or almost glabrous;
head rather large, eyes prominent; rostrum curved, moderately stout,
slightly dilated at the insertion of the antenne; thorax cylindrical,
subconical, finely and sparingly punctured, with a small fovea at base ;
elytra depressed on disc, considerably widened behind middle, produced
at apex, with the shoulders well marked, and with strong punctured
strie; interstices narrow, somewhat raised; legs moderately long.
L. 2-25 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than in female; female with the fore-
head furrowed between eyes.

On species of Trifolium ; the larva has been observed in the stems of T. pratense ;
often taken by sweeping among grass; common and generally distributed throughout
the greater part of the kingdom.

A. astragali, Payk. In general form resembling the preceding
species; upper surface entirely of a brilliant shining golden bluish-green,
or greenish colour, sometimes more or less coppery ; head striated be-
tween eyes ; rostrum moderately long, shining, finely punctured ; thorax
subeylindrical, about as long as broad at base, coarsely and not closely
punctured, with a dist‘nct central furrow, which in some specimens
extends for the whole length, and is deepened behind; scutellum
rather convex; elytra convex but depressed towards base, with
broad punctured strie and flat, plainly shagreened, interstices; legs
moderate, more or less metallic. L. 2}-2? mm.

On the of woods on Astragalus, especially Astragalus glyci:
hehe. or Milkvetch) ; Wier fare: sithioay h t dears in eee rite. (he
occasionally where found; Cherry Hinton, near bridge (Crotch) ; Guestling, near
Hastings ; neighbourhood of Northampton (Greville) ; Skellingthorpe Wood, Lincoln
(Rev. H. R. Matthews); Barham, Suffolk, and near Leeds (Stephens) ; Scotland,
extremely rare, Forth district, ‘‘ Queensferry, Dr. Greville,” Murray’s Cat.

_ A. punctigerum, Payk. (sulcijrons, Kirby). Rather a large species,
which resembles the two following, but may be easily known by its more
parallel-sided and much more finely and shallowly punctured thorax;
the general colour is black with the elytra dark blue, and the thorax
sometimes slightly metallic; head striated between eyes which are pro-
minent ; rostrum rather stout, shining in front, slightly thickened at the

158 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Apion.

insertion of the antenne ; antenne rather stout, inserted a little before
middle of rostrum ; thorax rather longer than broad, subparallel, with
the sides a little rounded, slightly constricted in front, finely and not
closely punctured, more sparingly on disc, central furrow fine usually
reaching beyond middle ; elytra convex with punctured striw, and broad
flat interstices, which are wider than the stri#; legs rather long and
robust. L, 3-8} mm.

On Vicia sepiumand V. cracca ; local, but not uncommon in some districts ; Lon-

don district, generally distributed ; Dover; Hastings; Devon; Llangollen; Cam- ~

bridge; apparently rare inthe Midland districts (Repton and Matlock being the onl:
localities 1 know of) ; Isle of Man; Northumberland and Durham district; Scotl:
very rare, Forth district, ‘‘ Dalmeny Park, Mr. R. N. Greville,” Murray’s Cat.

A. pisi, F. (punctifrons, Kirby, wratum, Steph.). A short broad
species, black with the elytra deep blue; head short and broad with the
eyes prominent, rostrum rather long, curved, antenne black, often
obscurely lighter at base ; thorax about as long as the breadth at base,
strongly punctured, the punctuation being diffuse on disc, furrow before
scutellum deep; elytra dilated, subglobose, with punctured strize which
are about as broad as the interstices; interstices somewhat raised ; legs
moderately long, black. L. 25-2% mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter and less curved than in female.

On Vicia sepium, Lathyrus pratensis, Onobrychis sativa, Trifolium recumbens,
&c.; the larva, according to Perris, is to be looked for in the pods of ZLathyrus
pratensis ; very common and generally distributed throughout the kingdom ; it is one
of our most abundant species.

A. xthiops, Herbst. (subsuleatum, Marsh, marchicum, Gyll., nec
Herbst., subeeruleum, Steph.). This species may easily be distinguished
from A. pisi, which it somewhat resembles, by its longer and more
elegant form, longer rostrum, striate forehead, and much less prominent
eyes; the elytra are more ovate and more produced behind and less
short and are of a brighter blue colour ; the interstices also are flatter and
broader; the coarser sculpture of the thorax and its more conical shape
will distinguish it from A. punctigerum, which is altogether a stouter
and more robust insect ; in the female the rostrum is more than double
as long as the thorax, L. 23-8 mm.

On Vicia sepium and V. sativa; less common than the preceding, but apparently

generally distributed throughout England and Wales; Scotland, Solway, Tweed,
Forth, Tay and probably other districts ; Ireland, Waterford and probably general. ,

Group 15.

Species rather large, jet black, without pubescence, with long diffusely
punctured thorax and very strongly sulcate elytral strive (on Vicia).

A. ebeninum, Kirby (Kuwnzei, Schén.), A rather large and some-
what conspicuous species, jet black, sometimes with a slight sneous
reflection, glabrous, shining ; head broad, forehead more or less plainly

Apion.]} RHYNCHOPHORA. 159

striated between eyes, the sculpture being, however, variable, eyes
rather prominent; rostrum subcylindrical, rather stout, evidently punc-
tured, but somewhat shining in front; antenne inserted just before
middle of rostrum; thorax distinctly longer than bread, parallel-
‘sided and eylindriecal, diffusely finely and minutely punctured, with
a dorsal furrow before scutellum, which is variable in length and
breadth; elytra obovate, with strong catenulately punctured sulcate
strie, interstices convex ; legs black, robust. L. 23-3} mm.

Male with the rostrum slightly curved, one and a half times as long
as the thorax; female with the rostrum twice as long as thorax.

On Lotus major, L. corniculatus and Orobus ; often found in moss in winter;
local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Shirley, Caterham, Mickleham, Coombe
Wood, Chatham, Whitstable, Dartford, Sheerness, Maidstone, Horsell, Claygate,
Dorking, Gravesend, &c.; Littlington, near Cambridge ; Ashwicken; Hertford ; Isle
of Wight; Exeter; Gloucester; Hopwas Wood, Tamworth; Trench Woods; York-
shire; Wallasey, Cheshire; Walton says that he has taken it plentifully on Lotus
major in June and July in several places in the north and south of England.

Group 16.

Species small, black, without pubescence, rostrum long and slender,
JSemora pitchy at apez ( probably on a leguminous plant).

A. filirostre, Kirby (morio, Germ.). A small, rather shining,
black, ylabrous species ; head finely striate between eyes, which are not
prominent ; rostrum long, filiform, slightly curved, somewhat dilated at
the insertion of the antennz, finely punctured; antenne inserted near
middle, slender ; thorax a little longer than broad, distinctly but rather
finely and not very deeply punctured, with a short and fine fovea or
stria before scutellum which is punctiform ; elytra rather convex but
depressed towards base, rounded at sides and widened in middle, with
broad and rather deep punctured strie, and slightly convex shagreened
interstices ; legs rather long and slender, female sometimes with a broad
testaceous ring at the apex of the anterior femora. L. 1{-2} mm.

_ Male with the rostrum longer than in female
Chalky and sandy places; by sweeping low plants ; occasionally found in moss ; it
robably lives on a leguminous plant; local and not common; Mickleham, Cater-
, Warlingham, Reigate, Dorking, Birch Wood, Charlton, Dartford, Chatham,
Riddlesdown, near Croydon, Bushey, Rusper, near Maidstone, &c.; Arundel; Brighton;
Exeter ; Suffolk ; Trench Woods, Bromsgrove.

Group 17.

Black, pubescent, species, very strongly dilated behind, pear-shaped (on
Surze and broom). :

A. striatum, Kirby (afratulum, Germ.). Short and broad, much
dilated behind, black, dull, clothed with fine greyish pubescence ; head
rather broad, rugosely punctate between eyes, vertex with a smooth

160 RHYNCHOPHORA, [Apion.

shining band adjoining the thorax; rostrum curved, longer than head
and thorax, dull and punctured behind, smooth and shining in front;
antenne inserted near middle of rostrum, rather long ; thorax about as
long as broad, a little narrower in front than behind, with coarse and
often more or less confluent punctuation, and a distinct central channel,
which is sometimes entire, and sometimes abbreviated towards apex and
base ; scutellum small; elytra pyriform, a little broader at base than base
of thorax and gradually and strongly dilated behind, the greatest breadth
being almost at apex, shoulders not marked ; striee broad and deep and
strongly punctured, interstices somewhat convex, about as broad as the
strie, shagreened ; legs black, rather loug and stout. L. 24-34 mm.
Male with the rostrum slightly thicker and shorter than in female,

On Ulex Europeus, Sarothamnus scoparius, &c.; common and generally distri-
buted throughout the kingdom,

A. immune, Kirby (befule, Gyll.). This species very closely re-
sembles the preceding, with which it is often confused, but it is, on
the average, smaller, and may be known by having the head distinetly
striated between the eyes, and the vertex very coarsely punctured where
it is adjacent to thorax, the comeaponding space in A. striatum being, as
Walton points out, smooth and shining ; the thorax is rather longer and
has no central furrow in middle, but a : small stria or fovea before scutel-
lum, which is sometimes obsolete or wanting; the strie of the elytra are
deep with the punctures somewhat stronger than in A. striatum, and
placed more widely apart, but this latter charaoegr i is not a very depend-
able one. L. 2-2?

On Sarothamnus scoparius ; local, but ae uncommon where found; Barnes,
Charlton, Chatham, Birch Wood, Shirley, Chobham, Bearsted, Weybridge,
Mickleham; Essex; Dover ; Hastings; Shirley Warren, Southampton ; New
Forest; Isle of Wight; Kirby and Bidston, near Liverpool ; Northumberland and
Durham district; Scotland, Solway, Tweed and Forth districts.

Group 18.

Black or metallic, pubescent, species, with the rostrum curved and
usually long and slender (on low Leguminose, chiefly Lathyrus, Vicia,
§c., with the exception of A. Scutellare which occurs on Ulex).

A. ononis, Kirby. (ononidis, Bedel, &c., mee Gyll.). Dull black,
thickly clothed with grey pubescence; head long, somewhat enlarged
behind, coarsely and rugosely punctured, and striated between the
eyes, which are large and slightly projecting; rostrum rather stout,
curved, strongly and closely punctured, underside furnished along
its whole length with small hairs visible if viewed sideways (a
distinctive character pointed out by M. Bedel) ; antenne black, rather
long and slender, inserted near middle; thorax about as long as broad,
slightly narrowed in front, closely and coarsely punctured, with a fine

Apion.} : RHYNOHOPHORA. 161

central furrow extending for its whole length ; scutellum small ; elytra
oval and convex, broadest about or a little behind middle, with strong
ctured strie and shagreened flat interstices which are about the
breadth of the strie ; legs black, long and slender. L. 2-25 mm.
-Male with the rostrum longer, stouter and more strongly pubescent
than in female. f
On Ononis spinosa and var. campestris ; the larva lives in the pods; locally
abundant and generally distributed, but apparently more common in the south joa

near the coast than in inland and midland districts; Scotland common, Solway,
Tweed, Forth and other districts ; in Ireland it is most likely general.

A. Spencei, Kirby (intrusum, Gyll.). Oval, rather short, convex,
black with the elytra blue or greenish-blue, finely pubescent, sometimes
almost glabrous, rather dull; head broader in male than in female,
vertex punctured and striated and with a strong fovea between eyes
which are convex and prominent; rostrum stout, curved, dull and
punctured at base and more shining in front ; antenne filiform, black
with the base often ferruginous, inserted at about the middle of rostrum ;
thorax slightly transverse, narrowed in front, coarsely but not deeply
punctured, with a central furrow reaching beyond middle and deepened
behind; scutellum large, furrowed ; elytra rather short, widened behind
middle, with the shoulders well marked and with broad punctured
Striz, interstices flat, about as broad as the striae, finely shagreened ;
legs black, rather long and slender. L. 2};-25 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than in the female, the vertex of head
more plainly impressed, and the body more pubescent.

On Vicia eracea; local; London district, not common, Coombe Wood, Horsell,
Shirley, Kingsbury (Middlesex), Hampstead, &c.; Henley ; Suffolk; Margate;
Hastings; Hampshire; Thorness Bay, Isle of Wight ; Glanvilles Wootton; Devon ;
Chat Moss; Repton, not uncommon; Harrogate, Scarborough, and other places in

Yorkshire; Bidston and Wallasey, near Liverpool, common ; Northumberland and
Durham district ; Scotland, Solway, Tweed, Forth and Tay districts.

A. ervi, Kirby (¢ Jathyri, Kirby). Oval, short, dull-black, very
finely pubescent ; head broad, striated between eyes which are large
and projecting and bordered with white hairs ; rostrum curved, Picker
at base than in front, base shagreened and ‘dull, front part shining
antenne slender, inserted about the middle of rostrum ; thorax a little
longer than broad, plainly narrowed in front, with strong close punctua-
tion and an abbreviated central furrow ; elytra oval, enlarged behind,
with plainly punctured strie and flat interstices, which are scarcely
broader than the strie ; legs black, elongate. L. 2-23 mm.

Male with the rostrum duller, straighter, shorter and stouter than in
female, and with the antenne entirely yellowish-red ; in the female
the antenne are dark towards apex and have the basal joints yellowish-
red.

On Lathyrus pratensis and species of Vicia; common and generally distributed
throughout the kingdom,

VoL, Vv. | M

162 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Apion.

A. vorax, Herbst. (3 fuscicorne, Marsh, $ pallicorne, Gyll.). This
species may easily be known by its long form, rather large size, and

very long legs; colour dull black, with the elytra bluish, pubescence |

grey, rather thick and distinct ; head depressed and striated between
eyes which are prominent; rostrum not strongly curved, thickened at
base, with the punctuation rather diffuse in front and dense behind ;
antenne inserted near middle, long and slender, dark with the base
testaceous ; thorax about as long as or longer than broad, plainly
narrowed in front, closely and finely punctured, with a fine central
furrow which is often obsolete ; scutellum oval, pubescent; elytra long,
subparallel, slightly rounded and dilated at sides, with punctured strie,
interstices rather narrow ; legs very long. L. 25-3 mm.

Male with the antennx inserted a little before the middle of the
rostrum which is shorter than in the female and more punctured and
pubescent ; antennz with the base more broadly reddish-yellow ; anterior
tibie sinuate and twisted.

Female with the antenne inserted just behind middle, more smooth
and shining, and with only the two or three basal joints reddish-
yellow.

On Vicia eracca and other Leguminose ; also on hazel, ash, &c. ; somewhat local,
but rather common and widely distributed throughout England and Ireland ; Scot-

land, Forth district, but it is probablygeneral throughout at least the southern
counties,

A. Gyllenhali, Kirby (unicolor, Kirby, pars, wthiops, Gyll., nec
Herbst.), Black, rather dull, elytra often with a slight iron-blue or
iron-grey reflection, finely pubescent; head very narrow, coarsely
punctured, and striate bet ween the eyes which are flat and not prominent;
rostrum’ long and rather stout, punctured; antenne inserted near
middle, black or pitchy with the base lighter; thorax about as long as
its breadth at base, eoarsely punctured, with a fine stria before scu-
tellum ; scutellum very small; elytra obovate, moderately long, more
or less enlarged behind middle, with well marked shoulders, and with
plainly punctured stri, interstices flat, shagreened; legs black, long
and slender. L, 23-3 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than in female and slightly gibbose
beneath before the insertion of the antenne.

On Vicia cracca; also on trees; local and, as a rule, not common in England;
London district, rare; Whitstable; Suffolk; Glanvilles Wootton; Barmouth;
Yorkshire ; Blackpool; Northumberland and Durham district very rare (Bold) ;
Scotland, very local, Solway, Forth, Clyde and Dee districts; it has been reared by
Professor Trail from swellings on the stems of Vicia eracca; Aberlady on Geranium
sanguineum (Power); Ireland, found most abundantly near Waterford and at

Killarney and Avoca on everything, on trees more particularly (Power) ; Armagh
not common (Johnson).

A. unicolor, Kirby (platalea, Germ., ¢ afrum, Gyll., afer, auct.).
Very closely allied to the preceding, from which it may be easily dis-

— NS ee

Apion.]} RHYNCHOPHORA. 163

tinguished by its much shorter and broader head and much more pro-
minent eyes; the rostrum is shorter and stouter and the thorax less
narrowed in front and more coarsely punctured ; the elytra also are
shorter and the size appears, on the average, to be smaller; the male .
has the rostrum a little dilated in the middle, and slightly gibbose
beneath at the insertion of the antenne. L. 23-2} mm.

On Vicia cracca and other Leguwminose; local; London district, not common,
Chatham, Mickleham, Woking, Caterham, Ashtead, "Horsell, Colney Hatch, Claygate,
Reigate, Birdbrook, Kingsbury Reservoir ; not recorded from the southern counties ; :
Midland counties, general (W.& G. Blatch); Repton (Garneys); Bollin Valley, Cheshire ;
Spital, near Liverpool ; Northumberland and Durham district, Wallington, &¢
Scotland, Forth district, ‘near Edinburgh, A. Murray,” Murray’s Cat.

A. meliloti, Kirby (bifoveolatum, Steph.). A rather large and
very elongate species,. with the elytra rather depressed ; black with the
elytra bluish or greenish-blue, pubescence very fine and scanty ; head
tather narrow, strongly punctured, striated and somewhat depressed
between eyes, which are slightly prominent, hinder part near thorax
smooth and shining ; rostrum rather shining, slightly curved, moderately
long, plainly punctured, marked usually with strie between the antenna,
which are inserted about the middle ; thorax as long as broad, with sides ©
subparallel, very slightly rounded, coarsely punctured, posterior angles
sharp, stria before scutellum fine ; scutellum oval, furrowed ; elytra elon-
eee with sides widened a little behind, and with punctured strie, and
pen! y shagreened interstices which are broader than the strix ; legs

k, not long; size very variable. L. 2-35 mm.
Male with the rostrum shorter stouter and duller than in female.

On Melilotus officinalis and M. arvensis; also on Trifolium officinale ; the larva
mines the stems; local, but common where it occurs; Hammersmith, Charlton,
Shirley, Bearsted,. near Maidstone ; Windsor; Arundel ; Cowes, Ryde, and Thorness
Bay, Isle of Wight ; Ditchingham, Norfolk ; Knowle, near Birmingham ; Hopwas
Wood, Tamworth ; Trench Woods, Bromsgrove ; Repton ; recorded by Stephens from
Yorkshire, but I know of no locality further north.

. A. scutellare, Kirby (Kirbyi, Germ., angustatum, Gyll.). This
species bear a strong superficial resemblance to the preceding, but may
at once be known by its colour, which is slaty black, and its more coarse
and strongly marked pubescence : the club of the antennz is more elon-
gate, and the strie between the eyes are finer and more numerous ; the
elytra have the shoulders more strongly marked, and the legs are more
strongly pubescent ; as in the Hasta species the rostrum is shorter
and stouter in the male. L. 23-3} mm
- On furze, Ulex Europeus and U. nanus ; local, but not uncommon in some districts ;
London district, not uncommon, Esber, Woking, Weybridge, Charlton, Shirley, Leith
Hill, Cobham, Coombe Wood ; Wimbledon and Horsell (Power), on Potentilla
tormentilla ; Guestling ; Bournemouth ; Lyndhurst ; Shirley Warren, Southampton;
Devonshire, Newton and Exeter; Yardiey, Sutton, and Knowle, near Birmingham ;
Barmouth ; Derbyshire, Repton, &e.; agai ; Bidston, near Liverpool; not
M

164 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Apion.

renorded from the north of England or from Scotland ; Ireland, Pheenix Park, near
ublin.

The larva of this species has been observed in galls on the young shoots of
U. nanus ; it is 6 mm. in length when full grown, of a yellowish colour with the
head reddish-brown; the galls resemble threaded beads and do not i injure the vegeta-
tion (v. Wencker, Apionides, L’Abeille, p. 117).

A. livescerum, Gyll. (reflexum, Gyll., hedysari, Walt.). Black,

with a more or less bronze reflexion on thorax, and with the elytra blue
or greenish-blue, sometimes black-blue ; pubescence very fine, scarcely
evident; head rather broad, punctured and very finely, often obsoletely,
striated between eyes which are a little prominent; rostrum cylindrical,
slightly curved, rather strongly and very closely punctured, about as
long as head and thorax ; antenne rather long, inserted at about the
middle of rostrum ; thorax about as long as broad, scarcely narrowed in
front, strongly punctured, the punctuation being sometimes closer and
sometimes more diffuse, with a small-stria or fovea before scutellum ;
scutellum oval, furrowed; elytra rather short, convex, dilated behind
middle, with deep and rather broad punctured striz, interstices some-
what convex, finely and plainly shagreened ; legs black, moderately
_ long. L. 23-23 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter and thicker and more closely puncturcd
behind than in female, and the anterior margin of thorax more raised.

On Onobrychis sativa ; in chalky districts ; local; Darenth, Purley Downs, Chatham,
Caterham, Mickleham, Dartford, Whitstable, Southend ; Swanscombe ; Rirchington ;

Brighton; Littlington, Cambridge ; Knowle, near Birmingham ; ’ Bidston Hill,
Liverpool, on heather, July (Ellis).

A. Waltoni, Steph. (Curtisi, Boh., nee Walt.). Allied to A.
livescerum, but smaller, more evidently pubescent, and with the punctua-
tion of the thorax much finer ; head and thorax bluish or slate-coloured,
more or less metallic, elytra bluish or slaty-blue; vertex closely punc-
tured, finely striated between eyes which are slightly convex ; rostrum
a little longer than head and thorax, punctured ; antennz inserted about
middle, rather long and slender ; thorax about as long as broad, with
the sides subparallel and scarcely rounded, closely punctured, furrow
before scutellum fine or obsolete; scutellum small; elytra convex,
rather short’ aud broad, dilated behind middle, with the shoulders
rounded, and the punctured striz not deep, interstices flat, broader than
the striae, very finely shagreened ; legs black, not elongate. L. 2 mm.

Chalky places; on Thymus serpyll/um and other low plants ; often found in moss
in winter ; very local, but not uncommon in the Loridon district ; Reigate, Caterham,
Mickleham (abundant, Power), Sevenoaks, Dartford, Chatham, Purley, Riddlesdown,
near Croydon, Faversham; Brighton; Whitsand Bay, near Plymouth (Walker) ;
Heysham (Power).

A. loti, Kirby (angusfatum, Kirby, modestum, Germ., glabratum,
Germ.). Black, clothed with evident, but not very close, ashy pubes-
cence; head narrower than the anterior margin of the thorax, closely

Se ee

Apion.]} RHYNCHOPHORA. 165

punctured and finely wrinkled between the eyes; rostrum cylindrical,

rather long, curved, shining, finely and diffusely punctured, often with |
a small stria or fovea between the antenne, which are rather stout and
are inserted at about the middle ; thorax conical, longer than broad,
with close and rather strong punctuation, whieh is sometimes more or
less confluent, and a small stria or fovea before scutellum which is often
obsolete ; elytra rather broad, wider behind middle, with rather strong
punctured striz, which are about as broad as the interstices, the latter
meee flat and sae aha legs moderately long and stout. L.
2-22

ts with the rostrum shorter and more plainly punctured than in ~
female, and with the anterior femora stouter.

_ On Lotus corniculatus ; the larva feeds in the pods of the plant ; locally abundant
and widely distributed throughout the greater part of the kingdom : it appears,
however, to be commoner in the South of England, and to be somewhat rare in the
midland and northern counties; Scotland, Solway, Tweed and Forth districts ;
Ireland, Waterford, &e,

This species somewhat resembles A. ononis, but is larger and more
robust, with the pubescence less evident, and with a wider head and
more conical thorax, which has the furrow before scutellum small and
obsolete, and not continued for the whole length as in the latter species.

A. seniculum, Kirby (tenue, Gyll., nec Kirby, pusillum, Steph.).
One of our smallest species; narrow, dull black, clothed with rather
thick greyish pubescence ; head long, eyes slightly prominent ; rostrum
moderately long, curved; thorax about as long as broad, feebly punctured,
with a fovea at base ; elytra rather long, leaden black, with sides a little
dilated, and with punctured sttie which are distinct but not very pt
interstices about as broad as the strix, plainly shagreened; legs
moderately long and stout. L. 13-1? mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter and more thickly pubeseent than in -

emale.

On Trifolium pratense and other species of Trifolium ; the larva has been observed
in the stems; common and generally distributed from Yorkshire southwards ; less
common further north; Scotland, rare, Solway and Forth districts ; Ireland, Water-
ford and Armagh, and. probably common.

A. tenue, Kirby, nec Gyll. Very like the preceding in size and
general: appearance, but more slender and much more glabrous and
shining, the pubescence being very scanty, and with the elytra evidently
depressed on dise ; the vertex of the head is more plainly punctured, and
the thorax is longer and more cylindrical with more sparing punctuation ;
the elytra, moreover, are less acuminate at apex and the strie are stronger.
L. 13-1{ mm.

On Melilotus officinalis and Medicago sativa ; the larva lives in the stems; not so
eommon as the preceding but very widely distributed, especially in the London
district and the Sonthof England; Bristol; South Wales; Knowle, near Birming-
tam; Trench Woods; Filey, Yorks; Manchester, generul but rare; not recorded

165 RHYNCHOPHORA. [| Apion.

from the Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, Solway and Forth
districts ; Ireland, Armagh (Johnson).

Group 19.

Small strongly pubescent black species with the rostrum strongly
curved, but short, at all events in mule (on birch, willows, §c.).
A. simile, Kirby (superciliosum, Gyll., triste, Germ.). Black with

the elytra somewhat shining and presenting a slight «neous reflection, |

clothed with sparing but distinct and rather strong whitish pubescence,
and with the orbit of the eyes beneath and the sides of the breast
furnished with white hairs ; head rather broad, eyes somewhat prominent ;
rostrum very variable in length in the sexes ; antenne inserted behind
middle ; thorax about as long as broad or slightly transverse, scarcely
narrowed in front, coarsely punctured, with a small fovea before scutellum,
which is rather large; elytra moderately long, a little dilated behind
middle, produced at apex in female, with the shoulders well marked, and
with broad strongly punctured. striz, interstices narrow, subcarinate ;
legs black, moderately long, L. 2 mm.

Male with the rostrum scarcely longer than the thorax, pubescent ;
antenne inserted a little behind middle of rostrum ; posterior tibia
terminating in a distinct hook.

Female with the rostrum nearly twice as long.as thorax, slender and
plainly curved, more shining ; antenne inserted at some distance behind
middle of rostrum ; posterior tibie simple. ,

_ On birch (Betula alba); local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Esher,
Dulwich, Chobham, Coombe Wood, Shirley, Ripley, Dorking, Birch Wood, Mickle-
ham, Gravesenil, Whitstable ; Hertford; Hunstanton, Norfolk; Ashwicken, Cam-
bridge; Redgrave Fen; Bretby Wood, Repton; Yorkshire.

_ A. pubescens, Kirby (civicum, Germ., salicis, Gyll.). Black, rather
dull, clothed with fine but very distinet greyish pubescence ; head rather
broad, forehead rugose, with a broad impression in front, eyes convex;
rostrum of nearly equal length in both sexes ; antenne inserted about
middle ; thorax transverse, scarcely narrowed in front and with the sides
subparallel, moderately strongly punctured, with a small short fovea
before scutellum, which is small; elytra oblong, slightly depressed
towards base, with well marked shoulders, and with much finer strize
and broader interstices than in the preceding species, the latter being
wide, flat and very plainly shagreened, whereas in A. simile they are
scarcely as broad as the strie and are convex: legs black, moderately
long. L. 2 mm.
The rostrum is duller in the male but scarcely differs in length in the
sexes, as it is said to do by some authors.

On willows, and amongst grass; occasionally found in haystack refuse; very local,
but not uncommon where it occurs ; Caterham, Shirley, Birch Wood, Esher, Wey-
bridge, Rusper, Sheerness, Chatham; Kingsgate; Deal; Hastings; Arundel;
Suffolk; Ashwicken ;» Knowle, near Birmingham ; Barmouth ; Heysham; Yorkshire;
Scotland, Forth district, ‘‘ Kinross-shire, A. Murray,”? Murray’s Cat.

tt Octane a ae

Se SS en ee ee ee

Apion.] ; RHYNCHOPHORA. 167

A. Curtisi, Walt. (curtulum, Desbr., teste Bedel). Very closely
allied to A. pubescens, but, on an average, of smaller size, and also
evidently narrower and more parallel ; the forehead has no impression,
or a very obsolete one, at the base of rostrum; the rostrum is shorter
and more shining and evidently longer in the female than in the male,
and the eyes are less prominent ; the thorax is longer, being about as
long as broad, and is more finely punctured, with the fovea before
scutellum less marked and often obsolete, and the elytra are more narrow,
convex and parallel with the strie finer and more superficial. L. 1}-2
mm.

Sandy places on the coast, by sweeping grass, &e.; the actual food plant does not
appear to be known; local, but sometimes abundant where it occurs; Dulwich ;
Shipley, near Horsham ; Deal ; Hastings and St. Leonards ; Littlehampton ; Arundel ;
Brighton; Devon; Norfolk ; Heysham and Lancaster.

: Group 20.

Large purple-red metallic species vith shurt stout and straight rostrum.
(On Statice.)

A. limonii, Kirby.’ One of the largest and most conspicuous species
of the genus; oval, convex, coppery-red or reddish-purple sometimes
with a greenish tinge, with the elytra often darker than thorax, covered
with short scanty pubescence ; head broad, rugose between eyes, which
are large and scarcely prominent; rostrum very short and stout, often of
a purple colour, coarsely punctured, the punctuation being closer at the
base and sides ; antenne short, inserted about middle; thorax longer
than broad, with the sides subparallel and scarcely narrowed in front,
usually coppery or brassy, sometimes greenish, finely and diffusely
punctured, with a deep and more or less elongate fovea before scutellum ;
elytra oval, strongly rounded and widened at sides, broadest about middle,
produced obtusely behind, with the shoulders rounded, and with punc-
tured striz, which are fine in some specimens and rather strong in others,
interstices rather broad, shagreened; underside punctured, coppery;
legs dark, more or less metallic, stout and rather short. L. 3-4 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than in female, and the antenne a
little shorter and stouter.

Salt marshes, on the decaying leaves and old roots of Statice limonium (the Sea
Lavender) in July and August; very local, but common where it occurs; Gravesend,
Sheerness, Whitstable; Walton-on-Naze; Dover; Folkestone; Hythe; South-
ampton; Burnham Market; first taken by Mr. Kirby at Holme-next-the-Sea, Nor-
folk, and subsequently in profusion by Mr. Walton in August, 1841, in the same
locality. ‘

Group 21.

Very small black species with straight stout rostrum and quadrate
thorax, with sides rather strongly rounded. (On Sedum.) ,

A. sedi, Germ: (fuimidicolle, Bach.). A small, somewhat elongate,

168 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Apion.

species, black, rather dull, sometimes with a very slight bronze reflection ;
pubescence fine and very easily rubbed off, so that the upper surface,
except in fresh specimens, appears almost glabrous ; head longer than
broad, with the eyes not prominent, distinctly punctured, and with the
space between the eyes a little depressed and finely but distinctly
striated; rostrum short, scarcely longer than thorax, rather stout and
straight or almost straight, dull and closely punetured to the insertion
of the antennez, from thence more diffusely punctured, shining at apex ;
antenne short and stout inserted near middle of rostrum; thorax about
as long as broad with the sides rather strongly rounded, widest about
middle, not very closely but regularly and rather deeply punctured on
disc, more thickly at sides where the punctuation is often confluent,
with a small but distinct furrow before scutellum ; elytra oval, rather
long, with the shoulders scarcely marked, rounded at sides, broadest a
little behind middle ; striae punctured, distinct, but comparatively fine,
interstices rather broad, very flat, shagreened; legs black, moderately
long and stout. L. 13-1? mm.

Sandy places; on species of Sedum, especially Sedum album and S. acre; very
local, and, as a rule, rare; it has, however, been found not uncommonly at Deal by
Mr. 8S. Stevens, Mr. Champion, Dr, Power and others; Wimbledon (Power) ; South-
end; Harwich, one specimen (J. J. Walker) ; Bath; Stretford, near Manchester
(Reston); Scotland, Forth district; the species probably occurs in many other
localities ; if somewhat resembles small specimens of the common A! humile, from

which it may be known by its narrower head, less prominent eyes, more rounded sides
of thorax, and finer elytral striz,

Group 22.

Moderate-sized or rather small species, metallic or black, with short
and stout straight rostrum (on Rumex, Teucrium and Sarothamnus,

§c.).

A. marchicum, Herbst. (Spartit, Kirby, aterrimum, L., violaceum,
Gyll. nec Kirby), Black, slightly shining, head and thorax with a slight
bronze reflection, elytra dark blue or violet, sometimes greenish ; head
short and broad, closely punctured, and finely striate between eyes which
are slightly prominent, temples and throat almost impunctate ; rostrum
short and stout, closely punctured and dull behind, shining in front;
antenne inserted about middle; thorax as long as, or a little longer
than, broad, with the sides almost straight, with very distinct but rather
fine punctuation, which is, as a rule, not very close, fovea before
scutellum- often indistinct, but sometimes well marked; elytra oval,
short and broad, convex, with strong punctured striz and slightly con-
vex interstices ; legs black, moderately long; the colour and the striation
of elytra is somewhat variable. L, 14-2 mm.

Sandy places; on Rumew acetosella, Teucriwm scorodonia and Sarothamnus
scoparius, &c.; local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Hampstead, Esher,
Caterham, Shirley, Mickleham, Bromley, Horsell ; Hastings; Dover ; Yardley, Sutton
aud Kuowle, near Birmingham; Lickey Hills; Yorkshire; Manchester district,

Apion. ] RHYNCHOPHORA. 169

general; Liverpool district, frequent; Lancaster and Heysham ; Northumberland
and Durham district, apparently rare ; Scotland, Solway, Tweed and Forth districts ;
Dr. Power has taken it commonly at Balmuto on Leguminose@: it seems to vary as
to its food plant: Walton says that he took it first on Teucrium in Yorkshire and
afterwards on Rumer acetosella on Hampstead Heath, but that he has never found
it in the south on Teucrium.

A. affine, Kirby. Very closely allied to the preceding, and not con-
sidered distinct by some of the early authors: it is, however, a larger
- species on the average and may be known by having the temples and
throat plainly punctured, and the sides of the thorax evidently more
rounded and dilated ; the thorax moreover bas the punctuation coarser
and deeper and occasionally more or less confluent ; the elytra are some-
what wider and more convex ; the colour and the striation of the elytra

is variable as in the preceding species. L. 2-2} mm.

_ Damp places; beneath Sarothamnus scoparius and amongst grass and herbage ;
the actual food plant, however, is not, apparently, known with any certainty ; local, and,
as a rule, not common ; Lee, Caterham, Horsell (in some numbers, October (Power),
Ashtead, Southend, Weybridge, Bearsted* near Maidstone; Suffolk; Cam-

' bridgeshire; Yorkshire; Manchester, general (Chappell); Lancaster and Heysham ;
Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, Solway and Forth districts; the
species does not appear to be found in company with 4. marchicum.

A. violaceum, Kirby (cyaneum, Ol.). An elongate species, with
_ the elytra rather depressed on disc, very finely pubescent, somewhat
shining ; head and thorax black, often with a slight zneous reflection,
_elytra blue or greenish blue; head a little narrower than thorax, with
the vertex punctured, and finely striate between eyes, which are convex
and slightly prominent ; rostrum short and stout, scarcely longer than
thorax, dull and punctured behind and shining before the insertion of
the antennz ; antenne inserted a little behind middle; thorax a little
longer than, or about as long as, broad, with the sides very slightly
rounded, strongly, deeply and closely punctured, with a fovea or short
broad stria before scutellum; seutellum rather large, black or bronze,
furrowed ; elytra long, with sides widened behind, shoulders rounded but
marked, punctured striee not deep, interstices flat but somewhat variable,
plainly shagreened ; legs dark, more or less metallic, short and stout,
tarsi, especially the anterior pair, rather broad. L. 23-34 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than in female, and also more strongly
punctured and more shining at apex ; the pygidium also in this sex is
often uncovered.

On species of Rumez, especially obtusifolius, conglomeratus, erispus and acetosa ;
the larva lives in the stalk ; common and generally distributed throughout the king-
dom as far north as the Orkney Islands. -

A. hydrolapathi, Kirby (ceruleipenne, Steph.). Closely allied to
the preceding with which it is often confounded; the general form, how-
ever, is broader and shorter ; the head is considerably broader and more
closely punetured ; the rostrum is shorter and thicker at the base; the
thorax is more finely and thickly punctured, and instead of a fovea or

170 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Apion.

short broad stria, has a fine stria or furrow before scutellum, which is
usually continued beyond middle; the punctures of the interstices of the
elytra are also placed more closely together. L. 23-3} mm.

On Rumew hydrolapathum (the great water dock) and also on R. obtusifolius (the
broad dock); widely distributed throughout the greater part of Englund and Wales
and not uncommon in many localities, but much less common than A, violacewm ; it
is widely spread throughout the midland counties, and general in the Manchester
district; it has not, however, been recorded from the Northumberland and Durham.
district ; Scotland, Solway and Forth districts; Ireland, Dublin, Belfast, &c, and
probably general; it has been taken at Swansea on lucerne.

A. humile, Germ. (curtirosire, Germ., brevirostre, Gyll., plebeium,
Steph.). Black, rather dull, clothed with fine and distinct greyish
pubescence; head broad, almost quadrate, very closely punctured and
very finely rugose between eyes, which are slightly prominent; rostrum
short and stout, dull and thickly punctured at base, more shining towards
apex; antenn rather stout, inserted about middle of rostrum ; thorax
subcylindrical, about as long as, or a little longer than, broad, with close
and deep punctuation and a small fovea at base; scutellum rather long ;
elytra sometimes with an extremely slight metallic reflection, widened
behind, broadest behind middle, with the shonlders obliquely rounded
and not strongly marked, and with plainly punctured striz, interstices
about as broad as the striw, shagreened; legs black, rather slender and
not elongate. L. 12-24 mm.

Male with the rostratn thicker than in female, and the thorax shorter,

On Rumew acetosa (the sorrel dock) and amongst grass and herbage; the larva

lives in the stems of the food plant; common and generally distributed throughout
kngland and probably Scotland and Ireland,

Sun-ram. Brachyrrhinineg.
( Otiorrhynchide and Brachyderide.)

This sub-family contains several important tribes, which are largely
represented in the European fauna; they comprise all those genera. in
which the mandibles are provided externally at apex with a corneous
appendage, or with the cicatrix of such appendage; these appendages are
always present in the pupa state, but are deciduous and are almost always
shed as soon as the perfect state is attained; they may, however, be
occasionally observed, and I have a fully developed specimen of the rare,
Cenopsis fissirostris in my collection in which they are very perfect and
are about as long as the rostrum: in one or two specimens also of
Otiorrhynchus tenebricosus in my possession, one appendage remains, but
in this species these false mandibles appear to be much shorter propor-
tionally and less faleate than in Ceenopsis ; Leconte and Horn (Classifi-
cation of the Coleoptera of North America, p. 434) notice this variation
and state that the deciduous pieces are of varying form, usually elongate
and slender, sometimes falcate and acute, or short and conical; as they

Brachyrrhinine. | RHYNCHOPHORA. : 171

were the authors who called more particular attention to the importance
of the character presented by these false mandibles (although it had of
course been noticed long before by various writers), their remarks on
the subject may with advantage be quoted :—

In the early life of the imago these pieces are lost, and the place of
their attachment is indicated by a scar, which is usually on the face of
the mandible, but frequently borne at the tip of a process of varying
length. The form of the mandible itself, without reference to the scar,
indicates the occurrence of the deciduous piece. When the mandibles
are acute at tip and one overlaps the other by an edge more or less acute,
no deciduous piece will be found. Its occurrence may generally be
expected in those in which the mandibles meet with a broad surface and
whose function is rather that of crushing than cutting.”’

The larvz do not call for any particular remark, but in some cases are more elon-
gate than is usually the rule with the Rhynchophora, and are furnished with outstand-
ing hairs; they undergo their transformations underground, and the use of the false
mandibles is obviously to allow them to work their way through their surroundings
on their emergence from the pupa state: when once they have emerged they shed
them as they have no further use for them, their habits being, as stated above, to
crush rather than cut the leaves, etc., that form their food.

~The sub-family has been very differently constituted by various
authors, and the student who wishes to examine further into the subject
is referred to the works of Thomson (especially Skandinaviens Cole-
optera, vol. x. pp. 161, et seqq.), Leconte and Horn, &c., as well as to the
older works of Schénherr and others: M. Bedel divides them into eight
tribes which are here adopted; the old names are, however, in two or
three cases retained in preference to those he has made use of; there
seems, for example, no reason in forming.a new name ‘“‘ Synirmini”
to include Tropiphorus Schénherr, because a genus of Saurians whose
name requires priority is called Tropidophorus ; it is, however, best to
adopt a new name for the sub-family as it includes in great measure
both the Brachyderidz and the Otiorrhynchidz of older authors.

I, Side pieces of the mesosternum very unequal, the episterna

directly attaining and for some distance extending along the
margin of elytra, the epimera small or very small.

i. Scrobes short, superior, rarely lateral, and then directed

towards the eyes; club of antennz with the second joint

shorter than the first . . OTIORRHYNCHINA,
ii. Scrobes lateral and directed inferiorly ; ; club of antenna
with the second joint about equal tothe first. . BEACHYDERINA,

If. Side pieces of the mesosternum divided diagonally ‘and
nearly equal, the episterna not reaching the elytra, except
in a point at extreme base where they join the epimera.
i. Tarsal claws connate.
1. Prosternum slightly emarginate at apex and furnished
with short hairs at the sides of the emargination ;
central dorsal line of thorax finely keeled from base to
apex ; eyes very flat,almond shaped. . . . . . . TROPIPHORINA.
. Prosternum not agree at apex ; eyes convex.
si Elytra more or scared with the shoulders

172 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Brachyrrhinine.

usually prominent; metasternum long or compara- ~

tively long . . - PHYLLOBIINA..
B. Elytra short and broad with the shoulders rounded ; 3
metasternum very short . . . + . » « PHILOPEDINA.

ii. Tarsal claws free.
1. Thorax furnished with long hairs at the sides behind
ig he which are prominent . . . TANYMECINA.
- Thorax without long hairs at the sides behind eyes,
which are not prominent.
A. Tips of hind tibize enclosed externally by a plate
fringed with spinules; gre of metasternum in-
distinct. . - BARYNOTINA,
B. Tips of hind tibia ‘without plate; episterna- of
metasternum well marked " - « » . ALOPHINA.

OTIORRHYNCHINA.

This tribe contains a large number of species, the majority of which
belong to the very extensive and important genus Otiorrhynchus, which
is very largely represented in Europe, and contains some of the most
conspicuous of our British Rhynchophora: they are most closely allied
to the Brachyderina, from which they chiefly differ in the formation of
the scrobes and the club of the antenne ; the following genera occur in
Britain :—

I. Throat without special striation.
i. Scrobes superior, entirely visible from above;
antenna long.
1, Femora claviform, often dentate beneath ;
tarsal claws free,equal . .
2. Femora not claviform, always simple. beneath 3
tarsal claws variable, connate in our species . . P&RITELUS, Germ.
ii. Serobes entirely or partially lateral, deep and
directed towards the eyes; form short, stout and
robust ; anteunz short and thick.
1. Scape of antenne gradually thickened from
base to apex ; ventral segments of abdomen clothed
with dull scales. . TRACHYPHLa@US, Germ.
2. Scape of antennse strongly ‘thickened and
produced into a prominence externally at
east ventral segments of abdomen without

OtroRRHYNCHUS, Germ.

scales. . . CaTHorMrocerus, Schénh.
II. Throat with close strong. and “deep Jongitudinal ;
etriag 6) a 8s a) SRS SP ai - . « » Czvyopsis, Bach.

OTIORRHYNCHUWS, Germar (Brachyrrhinus, Latreille).

This is one of the most important genera of the Rhynehophora; it
contains, at present, about four hundred species, of which the great
majority are found in -Kurope and the adjacent countries, the largest
number being attached to mountainous districts; a certain amount are
found in Northern Asia and North America, but the North American
species (O. sulcatus, ligneus, rugifrons, maurus and monticola) have all

Otiorrhynchus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 173

been introduced from Europe ; O. maurus and O. monticola also occur
in Greenland; one or two species are recorded in the Munich catalogue
from Chili; in which country, as before observed, a great number of the
European forms appear to repeat themselves.

The members of the genus are very variable both in size, colour and
covering, and are in many cases very difficult to determine ; the follow-
ing are their chief characters: scrobes, which are rather short and not
- well marked behind; entirely visible from above and the rostrum more
or less dilated at apex on each side of them; antenne with the scape
elongate, funiculus variable; head not constricted at base, eyes not
touching margin of thorax ; thorax truncate at base and apex very vari-
able in sculpture ; elytra ovate with the shoulders rounded off; femora
clavate, sometimes toothed ; tarsal claws free and equal; the males are
usually narrower than the females, and present modifications of the anal
segment of the abdomen and the tibie.

The species feed on various plants, shrubs and small trees; as a rule
they are nocturnal in their habits, and during the day secrete them-
selves at the roots of their food plants, in moss, &c.; many, however, may
be beaten from bushes, &c., in full daylight ; those that live on bushes
aie, when quite fresh, often furnished with very scanty dusty patches
on their upper surface, which very soon disappear.

Certain of the Otiorrhynchi are very destructive to vines and wall-
fruit and also to raspberries, &c.; fora fuller account of their ravages
and the remedies proposed, the student is referred to Curtis, Farm
Insects, p. 884, and to Miss Ormerod’s Manual of Injurious Insects, p.
305; the chief offenders are O. sulcatus, O. picipes (the most abundant
member of the genus) and O. tenebricosus.

O. sulcatus is often a great pest to vines, especially in hot-houses ; at
night they attack the new wood, in April, and afterwards feed upon the
young shoots which turn black ; as they never feed in the day gardeners
often do not know what it is that has caused the damage; if, however,
they go into the greenhouse at night with a lantern they may find them
feeding, and by holding a sheet underneath and tapping the branches
they may often capture a considerable number, and by repeating the
process may materially lessen the damage ; as the beetles hide in any
erannies in the walls, &c., against which the vines are trained, it is of
especial importance that these should be kept as smooth, clean and well
whitewashed as possible; they also hide in the earth near the wall, anda
line of ashes sprinkled with diluted paraffin or with weak diluted car-
bolic acid run along the junction of the wall and the ground will prove
serviceable.

The larvee of O. sulcatus are rather large whitish, legless, somewhat hairy grubs,
and are to be found from August to spring at the roots of the food plants; the pupe
are yellowish white, and may be met with in April about threeor four inches below
the surface of the ground ; the best remedy for an infected vine-border is to clear out
the soil to a depth of some inches and fill up with fresh ; some authorities re:ommend

174 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Otiorrhynchus.

the application of soot and lime to the roots, and watering with ammoniacal liquor
and common agricultural salt.

O. picipes chiefly attacks raspberries and sometimes does. a great
deal of damage; beating the trees after dark with trays smeared bias
tar has been found of great service in checking their ravages.

O. tenebricosus does not apparently do much damage in eval
but has been recorded as attacking the buds, shoots, young leaves, &c., of
apricots, nectarines, peaches, plums, &c., and the roots of raspberries,
currants, gooseberries and strawberries ; the latter plant is also some-
times injured by O. sulcatus. Seventeen species have been usually
regarded as British, but O. ambiguus is scarcely distinct from O. rugi-
Frons, and O. ebeninus i is somewhat doubtful.

I. Anterior femora without a trace of a tooth on their
under side.
. Elytra without raised setee.
1, Elytra with pubescence absent or very slight, at
most arranged in very small tufts, and not obscur-
ing the general ground colour.
A, Anterior tibis much compressed, with a dis«
_ tinct keel on their outer side; elytra more or
less dilated at sides and somewhat abruptly
acuminate towards apex. .. . O. ArRoAPTERusS, De G.
B. Anterior tibie not compressed, or at all events
only slightly compressed towards apex, and
without distinct keel on their outer side,
a. Thorax very Oey las iin a
out . . O. MAURUS, Gyll.
b. Thorax puncturéd on 1 dise, ¢ or finely granu-
late or shagreened.
a*, Size much smaller (6-7 ends fore-
head broader and more arched - . O.BLANDUS, Gyll.
(monticola, Walt.)
b*, Size much larger (10-13 mm.) ; fore-
head narrower and less arched.
at. Legs ferruginous; femora normally
dilated; male with the anal ventral
segment longitudinally striate.
at. Antennee with joints of funiculus
longer ; female longer, with elytra
less acuminate at apex and more .
obsoletely punctured . . . . O. TENEBRICOSDS, Herbst.
bf. Antenne with joints of funiculus
shorter ; female shorter, with elytra
more acuminate at apex and more
plainly punctured. . . . . . O. FUscIPEs, Walt.
(hematopus, Schin.(?) )
bt. Legs black ; femora much dilated
on their under side; male with the
anal ventral segment punctured or at
most scratched. . . . . . . . O. MorRto, F.
(v. ebeninus, Schon.).
2. Elytra very closely covered with filiform greyish
seales, which completely cover the upper sur-
AGC Se se ee es een a OY RAC CUS ele

Otiorrhynchus. ] RHYNCHOPHORA. 175

- ii. Elytra with distinct raised sete.
1, Elytra with the alternate interstices strongly
raised, thickly covered with round greyish os
and brown ER ea, See . . O.SEPTENTRIONIS, Herbst.
(scaber, L.)
2. Elytra with the alternate interstices not rai ed.
A. Rostrum with a deep furrow; length 6}-
7imm .. . O.scaBrosus, Marsh.
B. Rostrum even, " scarcely, if at all, farrowed ;
length 43-53 mm. O. LicNeEus, Ol.
- JI. Anterior femora more or less plainly: toothed beneath.
_ i, Apical external angle of anterior tibia much
dilated ; size large (exceeding 10 mm.) ; general .
colour greyish . y . O. Lieustict, L.
ii. Apical external angle of anterior tibie not or
gts! dilated ; size moderate or small (not ex-
10 mm.
: poe thickly covered with small round scales,
which are present also on the punctures of the
elytra; teeth of anterior femora very indistinct ;
length 6}-Simm . . ws. te ete Ce «(OL ICI PES, F. *

(singularis, L.)
2. Elytra without scales, but with small very scat-
tered tufts of fine suabsquamose yellowish hairs ;
length 9-10 mm.. -. . . O. suLcatus, F.
3. Elytra ots scanty greyish pubescence ; ‘length

43-63 m 2 E
A. Thorax Sinise without longitudinal fur-

rowsinmiddle. .. . . O. RUGIFRONS, Gyll.
B. Thorax granulate with strong longitudinal
ivad aa in middle.

. Body black, broader, less thickly pubescent ;
hia uf thorax very strongly furrowed . . O. ovatus, L.
b. Body pitchy red, narrower, more thickly
pubescent ; dise of thorax feebly furrowed . O. Musconvm, Bris.

O. tenebricosus, Herbst. A large and conspicuous species, black,
moderately shining ; head and thorax finely coriaceous, the latter narrow,
rourded and slightly dilated at sides ; rostrum with a carina in middle ;
antennz very long, slender, black or pitchy ; elytra oblong ovate more
or less acuminate at apex, with smail fascicles of ashy pubescence, which
are very fugitive and only visible in fresh specimens, and with punc-
tured striz, which differ in the sexes, interstices shagreened; legs red
or pitchy red, elongate, femora clavate not toothed on under side.t
L. 10-13 mm.

Male narrower with the anal segment of the abdomen strongly striated,
and the elytra more distinctly punctured.

Female broader with the anal segment of the abdomen punctured, and
the elytra obsoletely punctured.

In moss, at roots of grass, under stones, &c. ; also on various fruit trees, and often
taken by beating whitethorn hedges; rather common, especially in chalky districts,
but Toca London and South-eastern and Southern districts of England, generally
distributed; Bath ; Swansea; Salford Priors, Warwickshire; Scotland very rare,
Solway and Forth districts (this record may be in error, as it ‘rests on the authority

176 RHYNCHOPHORA, [Otiorrhynchus,

of Murray’s Catalogue only, the species having never been met with by Dr. Sharp);
Ireland, Baldoyle.

O. fuscipes, Walton, Ol.? (hematopus, Schén.?). There is some
doubt regarding this insect, which is exceedingly closely allied to the
preceding, and by some authors is united with it ; it differs chiefly in
having the antenne, in both sexes, with the joints of the funiculus
shorter and stouter; it is, moreover, a shorter insect, and very generally
smaller and less pubescent; the elytra of the female, moreover, are
evidently shorter in proportion to their breadth, more acuminate at apex,
and more distinctly punctured. L. 93-115 mm.

Of similar habits to the preceding species, and occasionally found in company with
it; local, but not uncommon where it ocears; Mickleham, Box Hill, Caterham,
Chatham, Sheerness; Folkestone ; Isleof Wight; Portland Island; it has also been
recorded from Strensall, York.

O. morio, F., v. ebeninus, Schén. Elongate-ovate, black, shining,
with the thorax closely alutaceous or shagreened at sides and diffusely
punctured on disc; the elytra are oblong ovate, with distinet punc-
tured striz, lateral interstices tuberculate or granulate, inner ones only
rugose ; apical ventral segment of male punctured or at most scratched,
not striate longitudinally as in the two preceding species; the type form,
which according to Schénherr is a separate species, has the elytra more
ovate, more obsoletely punctate-striate, and the interstices closely and
more evidently rugosely granulate. L. 10-11 mm.

The variety alone has occurred in Britain and is extremely rare, a few
specimens having been taken in the West of Scotland by Mr. R. K.
Greville (Murray’s Cat.); Mr. Hardy refers to it in the proceedings of
the Berwickshire Nat. Club, vol. ii, No. vi. p. 281, but I have not had
the opportunity of seeing the reference. I have never seen a specimen
in any collection.

O. atroapterus, De G. (afer, Steph.). Much smaller than either
of the preceding species; black, rather shining; rostrum rugose with a
distinct central keel; antenne pitchy ; ; head finely shagreened, thorax
as long as broad, dilated at sides, dise punctured, sides shagreened ;
elytra dilated, acuminate towards apex, finely shagreened or granulate,
strie very obsolete; legs pitchy red or brownish, tibia compressed and
carinate, L. 7- gi mm,

Male with the base of the abdomen broadly and not deeply impressed,
the anal segment with an abbreviated impressed line at apex, and
the apical margin subtruncate and densely villose.

Sandy places on the coast; at roots of grass, in moss, &c.; locally common;
Deal; Dover; Isle of Wight; Weymouth; Portland; Exmouth, Devon (on
brambles) ; Swansea; Barmouth; Rhyl; Blackpool ; Southport ; Heysham, near
Lancaster ; Northumberland and Darham district, Hartlepool, &e. ; Scotland, local,
Tweed, Forth, Dee, Moray and Shetland districts ; Ireland, Portmaraock, Malahide,
near Dublin, Armagh, and Furnish Island, co, Galway.

Otiorrhynchus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 177

. 0. blandus, Gyll (monticola, Walt.; leviyatus, Steph.). Some-
what resembling the preceding but smaller and narrower; black,
shining, glabrous ; antenne pitchy ; rostrum rugose witha broad smooth
central raised line ; head broad, finely punctured ; thorax longer than
broad, diffusely and not strongly punctured on disc, closely punctured
or shagreened at sides; elytra ovate with fine punctured strie, inter-
stices punctured and more or less distinctly shagreened, especially at
sides ; legs pitchy, tibie not compressed and carinate. L. 6-7 mm.

Male with the abdomen impressed at base and the tibie armed with
a small hook.

Sub-alpine; Scotland, common, Tweed, Forth, Tay, Dee, Moray, Sutherland and

Shetland

* districts, and probably general ; Ireland, Kilkeel (Champion) ; it has not
hitherto occurred in England.

©. maurus, Gyll Black, rather shining, sparingly clothed with
ashy pubescence, which is arranged in more or less distinct small patches
upon the elytra; antennz pitchy or pitchy red ; rostrum rugose with a
distinct central raised line; forehead broad, rather arched; thorax
scarcely as long as broad, closely and coarsely granulated, the granu-
lations on disc being large and round; elytra ovate, with plainly
punctured striz, interstices obsoletely rugose; legs pitehy red. LL. 63-
7; mm,
_ A northern species, as a rule, which extends to Greenland and Iceland ; local and
not common ; Cheshire ; Manchester district; Searborough; Skiddaw ; * Cheviots ;
Scotland, scarce, Solway, Clyde, Tay,.Dee, Moray aud Shetland districts ; Ireland,
Newcastle (Champion) ; Stephens recorded it from South Wales, but this is most
probably au error.

_ @.raucus, F. Black, with the antenne and legs pitchy ferrugi-
nous, head and thorax not thickly covered with thin hair like scales,
which are of a brownish grey or greyish yellow colour, elytra very
thickly covered with the same, which completely hide the integument
and are broader on the stri#; rostrum rugosely punctured ; thorax
about as long as broad with the sides rounded and dilated, not strongly,
but distinctly, granulated, the granulations being moderately large,
central line finely raised ; elytra with rather distinet punctured strizx,
the punctures in the striee being less evident at apex. L. 6-7 mm.
Chalky and sandy places; by sweeping herbage, also at the foot of trees, under
plants, &c. ; according to Rouzet it does damage to pear trees; rare; Darenth,
Hammersmith, Hampstead, Chatham, Greenhithe, Southend, Claygate, Reigate,
Bearsted, near Maidstone; Glanvilles Wootton ; Swansea; Bottisham, near Cam-
Cromer ; Northumberland and Durham district « Twizell, » Pp, T, Selby,

bridge ;

Esq. (Bold).
©. scabrosus, Marsh. Oblong ovate, rough, black or pitchy, with

the elytra ferruginous brown or pitchy brown ; upper surface with

greyish pubescence, which is setose and distinctly raised if viewed side-

ways; rostrum rugose with a deep central channel ; head short ; thorax

at least as tei as broad with the sides slightly rounded, coarsely and
VoL. Y. N

178 RHYNOHOPHORA. [Otiorrhynchus.

closely granulated, and with a more or less distinct central furrow. ;
elytra rough and scabrous, with punctured strie; antenne and legs
dull ferruginous. L. 64-74 mm.

Chalky and sandy places ; under stones, in moss, at roots of low plants, &c. ; often
by beating hedges ; locally common; London district, generally distributed ; Dover ;
Hastings; Portsmouth district; Isle of Wight, Ryde, Sandown, Ventnor, &c. ;
Exeter ; Swansea; Hunstanton; Wallasey, Cheshire, and Aigburth, Liverpool dis-
trict ; Lincoln; not recorded from the Northumberland and Durham district; re-
corded in Murray’s Catalogue from “ Dollar, Berwickshire, East Lothian, &c.,” but
Dr. Sharp says he has never seen a specimen found in Scotland, and concludes the
record must be erroneous ; Ireland, near Dundrum, Waterford, &c.

O. ligneus, Ol. (scabridus, Steph.). One of the smaller species
which is sometimes confused with O. ovatus and O. muscorum, from
which it may be known by the absence of teeth on the anterior femora ;
pitchy black or ferruginous, elytra ferruginous or pitchy-red, with light
outstanding pubescence ; antenne pitchy or reddish; rostrum rugose ;
thorax rounded at sides, thickly and coarsely granulated ; elytra ovate,
rough, with punctured striz, interstices transversely rugose ; legs fer-
ruginous. L 43-6} mm,

In moss, at the roots of plants, under stones, &c.; local and widely distributed,
but never very co.nmon; London district, found in many localities; Dover; Folke-
stone; Hastings; Sandown, Isle of Wight; Portsmouth district; Devon; Bristol ;
Llangollen ; Bridgenorth ; Repton; Sherwood Forest; Liverpool district ; Lancaster ;
Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, not

common, in sandy places, Solway and Clyde districts; Ireland, Rathkurby, near
Waterford, Cramond, &e.

O. septentrionis, Herbst. (scaber, L.). Ovate, brown red, closely
covered with round brownish grey or yellowish grey scales, which on
the elytra are variegated with irregular patches of reddish-brown scales,
which produce a tessellated appearance ; rostrum thickly scaled, not or
scarcely ridged, eyes flat ; antenne red ; thorax about as long as, or a
little longer than, broad, with the sides rounded, granulate ; elytra
with the alternate interstices strongly raised, and with rows of deep
punctures, each of which bears a round scale, each interstice with
strong erect or semi-erect scale-like somewhat clavate, sete; legs red.
L. 5-53 mm, )

Only found in the highland districts of Scotland, where it is very local, but not

uncommon where it occurs; Tay, Dee and Moray districts (Braemar, Aviemore,
Rannoch, &c.),

O. picipes, F. (singularis, L., squamiger, Steph.). Oblong, ovate,
pitchy, clothed with fuscous-ashy pubescence, which is not much
raised, and closely covered with brownish and lighter yellowish
brown scales, which cause the elytra to appear more or less tessellated ;
head with a very fine central ridge; thorax almost longer than broad,
granulated, the granulations being very coarse on the centre of disc;
elytra not very convex, with the interstices very slightly raised, and

Otiorrhynchus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 179

with punctured strie, the punctures being furnished with scales on each,
which causes them to appear ocellate ; legs red or pitchy-red, teeth of
femora often very indistinct. L. 64-8 mm.

By beating young trees, hedges, &c.; especially hurtful to raspberries ; only too
common wieiachigend the kingdom; Dr. Sharp records it as “‘ very abundant ”’
in Scotlan

O. sulcatus, F. Black, rather shining ; rostrum with a deep broad
furrow, head finely punctured, antenne ferruginous ; thorax at least as
long as broad, with the sides slightly rounded, strongly granulate, with
a more or less obsolete central channel, which, together with the head, is
furnished with scanty greyish-yellow hairs ; elytra with deep furrows, in-
terstices as well as furrows with coarse granulations or tubercles ;
upper surface with scanty, but very distinct, patches and fascixw of
yellowish subsquamose hairs ; legs pitchy; teeth of anterior femora dis-
tinct. L. 9-10 mm.

At roots of plants, in moss, &c.; often injurious to vines, strawberries, &c. ; some-
what local, but only too common where it occurs; apparently generally distributed
in the London, southern, and midland districts, and, in fact, as far north as the
Northumberland and Durham district, but recorded by Dr. Sharp as rare in Scotland,
Forth and Tay districts; Ireland, Dublin, Waterford, Armagh, Newcastle, and
apparently generally distributed ; the species is spread all over Europe,and Leconte
and Horn record it from Massachusetts, Canada, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.

QO. ligustici, L. Black, clothed with grey scales and scattered ashy
hairs, so that the whole insect presents a dirty dull grey appearance,
which together with its large size will at once distinguish it from all
our other species ; head rugosely punctured, rostrum distinctly carinate,
antenne black or pitchy black; thorax slightly transverse, rather
strongly narrowed and slightly constricted at apex, with the sides
strongly rounded, strongly granulate, the granulations on disc not being
very close together ; scutellum invisible ; elytra large and ample, much
broader than thorax, finely scabrous and granulate, with fine and not
distinct punctured strie towards sides and at apex; legs robust, black,
_ pubescent, teeth of anterior tibie distinct. L.11-13 mm.

Heathy places, very rare; at roots of Anthyllis vulneraria at the sides of chalky
eliffs; very rare in England, but according to Bedel it often occurs in France in
great abundance, and does injury to vines, clovers and garden herbs on light lands:
Godstone (Surrey), Hurtfield, Barham (Suffolk) and Southend (Stephens) ; Isle of
Wight, Ventnor (S. Stevens), Sandown (Biatch and myself); Hawley Flat. near
Blackwater, Hampshire (Smith); Kimpton, near Andover (Rudd); Matlock (Chap-
pell); Isle of Man (Blatch) ; Scotland, Edinburgh (Stephens; not, however, alluded
to by Sharp). - c

Q. rugifrons, Gyll. (ambiguus, Brit. Cat.). Black, dull, with
slight ashy pubescence; rostrum punctured and longitudinally rugose,
with a more or less distinct central carina, eyes depressed ; antenne
rather long, stout, pitchy black; thorax a little broader than long, or
about as broad as long, closely and rather strongly granulate without

N 2

180 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Otiorrhynchus.

sulci in middle ; elytra ovate, rather depressed in front, with moderately
strong punctured striz, interstices convex, granulate ; legs pitchy black ;
teeth of anterior femora small, L. 43-63 mm.

Chalky and sandy places, on the coast or not very far inland; at roots of grass,
under decaying seaweed, stones, &c.; local, but common where it occurs; Dover;
Sussex ; Portsmouth district; Sandown, Isle of Wight; Chesil Beach; Portland,
small variety (Gorham) ; Weymouth; Falmouth ; Scilly Islands; Whitsand Bay, Ply-

mouth ; Exmouth ; Woollacombe sands (Devon) ; Bath; Llandudno; Laneaster; Clee-

thorpes, Lincolnshire ; Northumberland and Durham district, Hartlepool, &c.;
Scotland, not common, Solway and Tay districts,

In the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, vol. ii, p. 152, Mr. Rye
stated that he had taken specimens at Rannoch, which he considered
to be the O. ambiguus of Schénherr (recorded as British by De Mar-
seul, Cat. Col. d'Europe, 1863, and Stierlin), in company with O. rugi-
JSrons, to which it appeared to be very closely allied, if indeed the two
insects were not specifically identical. Mr. Rye thus describes his

insect (Ent. Ann. 1867, p. 87) :—‘‘ It appears to be somewhat narrower

than O. rugifrons, and clothed more thickly with hairs; the thorax is
somewhat more finely granulated, and the elytra are more finely
punctate-striate, with the granulations of the interstices not arranged
in such distinct rows. The rostrum and vertex are more rugosely
punctate, the punctures running into longitudinal regule; the former
also is distinctly keeled in the middle, with an obsolete longitudinal
furrow on each side. The second joint of the funiculus should be
almost shorter than the first, instead of somewhat longer as in O. rugi-
frons:” it will be noticed that the differences are very slight and com-
parative, and with respect to the central carina of the rostrum, which is
supposed to be simply rugose longitudinally in O. rugifrons, it appears
certainly to be present to a greater or a less degree in the last-named
insect ; whether O. ambiguus is really a separate species or not remains
to be proved, but our British specimens are certainly very doubtfully
distinct from O. rugifrons, even as a variety. The presence of a small
tooth on the anterior femora and the colour as well as the greater
distance of the eyes from one another on the forehead will separate
this species from O. ligneus; from O. ovatus it may be easily known by
its average larger size, duller appearance, much smaller tooth on the
anterior femora, and the absence of longitudinal sulci on the thorax,
which is much more finely granulated.

O. ovatus, L. Black, rather shining, clothed with thin griseous
pubescence ; head and rostrum even or almost even with an impression
between eyes (which are comparatively prominent), finely and rugosely
punctured ; antenne red; thorax very convex, subglobose, very coarsely
granulate, the granulations on disc coalescing and forming longitudinal
ridges and deep sulii; elytra convex, somewhat acuminate at apex, with
coarse punctured stri«, interstices finely shagreened on dise, more rugose
at sides ; legs red, anterior femora with a strong tooth ; reddish varieties

Otiorrhynchus.} RHYNOHOPHORA. 181

occur (apparently the v. pabulinus, Panz.), which are often confused
with the succeeding species. L. 4-5 mm.
- In moss, and at the roots of various plants; it appears to feed on various kinds of
tion ; occasionally it is found by beating hedges ; common and very widely dis-
tributed, but in Britain it appears to be almost confined to the coast counties; Dr.
Sharp records it as common in Scotland in the Solway, Ciyde, Forth and Tay districts ;
Ireland, near Dublin, and prubably widely spread; according to Bedel it is dis-
a over all Europe, western Siberia, and the north-eastern part of the United
tes.

©. muscorum, Bris. Very closely allied to the reddish variety of
the preceding species, but as a rule distinguished from it by its more or
less ferruginous colour ; it is also smaller, with evidently shorter and
less robust antenne and legs (the posterior femora being very feebly
toothed beneath) ; the general form is narrower, the pubescence more
distinct, and the thorax is less strongly tuberculate, and the central
sulci are far less strongly marked (a point that will easily separate it) ;
it also has a narrower rostrum, which is distinctly depressed in the
middle. L. 4 mm.

In moss ; occasionally found in sandpits and by sweeping herbage; not uncommon ;
Dartford, St. Mary Cray, Shirley, Mickleham, Leith Hill, West Wickham ; Malvern ; ;
Knowle, near Birmingham ; Banks of Dove, Barton-on-Trent ; Church Stretton ;

len ; Manchester district, abundant and general in sandy places, especially on
the coast (Chappell) ; Northumberland and Durham district, on Melilot trefoil at
South Shields and Hartley (Bold) ;* Scotland, not rare, Solway, Forth, Dee and
probably other districts ; Ireland, Armagh (Johnson).

PERITELUWS, Germar.

This genus contains nearly fifty species, of which the majority occur
in Europe, and the remainder have been described from North and South
Africa ; they are, for the most part, extremely local ; only one species is
found in Britain, and this very rarely ; they are closely ailied to Otior-
thynchus, from which they differ in having the femora not clavate and
always simple beneath, and the tarsal claws (in our species) connate ;
_ the antennz are stout and rather long, the scutellum indistinct, and the
body closely covered with scales, without short recumbent hairs.

P. griseus, Ol. (spheroides, Germ.). Oblong-ovate ; black, clothed
thickly with greyish and brownish scales, which are light at sides of
head, thorax and elytra, and in fresh specimens have a slight pinkish
reflection ; antennz reddish-pitch brown, scape longer than the funiculus;
forehead with a small depression between eyes, rostrum with a fine
central furrow; thorax with the sides gradually and slightly rounded,
deeply and diffusely punctured ; elytra ovate, with fine and not very
closely punctured striz, interstices broad ; legs pitchy red or brownish.
L. 6-8 mm.

On bushes, &c. ; sometimes injurious to vines ; extremely rare in Britain ; Ventnor
and Sandown, Isle of Wight (Wainwright and Sidebotham).

182 RHYNCHOPHORA. | Trachyphleus.

TRACHYPHLGUS, Germar.

This is a very obscure and difficult genus, containing about fifty
species, which are chiefly found in Europe and Northern and Southern
Africa; the genus is also represented in North America; its members
are short and stout, brown, grey or sandy-coloured insects, which live on
and at the roots of low plants; they are often coated with a crusted
covering, which in colour just resembles the ground they are found on,
so that they easily escape observation ; they are chiefly found in sandy
places near the coast : the following are their most important distinguish-
ing characters:—form short, obovate, antennz short and thick with a
stout scape, inserted near apex of rostrum, serobes rarely visible from
above; thorax strongly transverse, constricted in front; elytra oval or
subglobose, usually with erect scale-like sete; legs short and robust,
femora simple, tarsi short.

About one-third of the European species occur in Britain: it is very
hard to tabulate them satisfactorily as some of the characters are not
very evident, and it really requires a comparison with authentic speci-
mens to name them with any accuracy ; their differences are very easily
seen if the insects are placed side by side.

I. Anterior tibie without special spines and not
digitate or produced at apex.
i, Second ventral segment of abdomen longer than
the next two united; elytra with well marked
impunctate or almost impunctate strie . . . . T., MYRMECOPHILUS, Seidl.
ii. Second ventral segment of abdomen shorter than
or equal to the next two united; elytra with th
strie more or less distinctly punctured. :
1. Sides of thorax obtusely angled; raised scale-

like hairs of elytra very coarse; second ventral

segment shorter than the next two united . . T. AristTaTus, Gyll.
2. Sides of thorax rounded; raised scale-like hairs

of elytra comparatively fine ; second ventral

segment equal to the next two united. . . . T. sQuamuLatus, Ol.

II. Anterior tibize with spines at or near apex or pro- :

duced and digitate at apex.

i. Size larger; scrobes plainly visible from above . T. scABER, L.

ii. Size smaller; scrobes scarcely, if at all, visible

from above.

1. Striz of elytra distinct.

A. Rostrum furrowed ; thorax with a more or
less distinct central furrow, sometimes ob-

SOAUO ac wiphaicie’ aie eae mv ciwt) ens hy ROABRICULDS, Jy,

B. Rostrum and thorax even . hg ae Pe T, LatTicoLtis, Boh.

2. Strie of elytra very faint; upper surface with
a close crusted covering.

A. Elytra with a scanty series of small clubbed
scale-like setz on each interstice ; anterior
tibizw with three pointed teeth, the central one
forked at apex.

s+ 4 © «6 « + © « TL SPINIMANUS, Germ,
B. Elytra with a series of clubbed scale-like setz

Trachyphleus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 183

on the alternate interstices which are some-
what convex ; anterior tibiz with three teeth
abapex ss pe eee ee ee ee T. ALTERNANS, Gyll.

' ©. myrmecophilus, Seidl. Pitchy black or brownish, with the
antenne and legs pitchy or pitchy ferruginous, very dull ; head with a
central furrow, antenne very stout ; thorax with sides rounded and
narrowed in front, very closely sculptured, and with an exceedingly
obsolete central furrow ; elytra with well marked striz which are almost,
if not quite, impunetate; apex of anterior tibie almost simple. ‘is
23-3} mm.

Extremely local ; found by Mr. Moncreaff near Southsea, and recorded by him as
at one time common at Lumps Pond, Southsea beach, at roots of grass and in sand
holes, but the locality has been destroyed; Hastings district (Bennett and Ford) ;
Mr. Gorham records it doubtfully from Freshwater, Isle of Wight ; according to

Bedel it occurs under stones in May, and its name would seem to imply that it has
been found in company with ants ; it has been found in France and ut the Escurial

in Spain.
_ The species is intermediate between 7. aristatus and T. sguamulatus,
resembling more particularly the latter, from which it may be known by
its stouter and more evident elytral sete, its larger eyes, laterally more
rounded and bristly thorax, rather longer second abdominal segment,
and less horizontal scrobes, which are directed at first rather upwards
and then down towards the eye, and have their upper aarp not
so sharply defined.

©. aristatus, Gyll. Pitchy-rufous, with the head and thorax often
darker and the elytra lighter, the latter with comparatively close and
very distinct erect white scale-like sete ; scape of antenne stout; head
furrowed ; thorax with the sides dilated ‘and obtusely angled in middia,
“very closely, but distinctly, sculptured, and with a very distinct central
furrow ; elyira subglobose, or globose-ovate, slightly rostrate and in-
flexed a apex, with strong deeply and coarsely punctured stri, inter-
stices finely rugose ; anterior tibiz almost simple at apex. L. 23-3 mm.
_ Sandy and chalky places; in moss and at the roots of Lotus corniculatus; not
common ; Hampstead, Micklebam, Shirley, Faversham, Coombe and Birch Woods,
Merstham (Surrey); New Forest; Portsdown, near Southsea, on chalk ; Scotland,
very local, Solway district.
__ The castaneous or rather bright rufo-piceous elytra, strongly punctured
strie, and very stout white erect sete, together with the shape and
sculpture of the thorax, will easily distinguish this species.

T. squamulatus, Ol. This species is allied to the two preceding;
from the former it differs as above described, and from the latter it may
be known by having the sides of the thorax rounded and not obtusely
angled, the erect setz of the elytra relatively finer and the second ventral
* segment equal to, and not less than, the third and fourth united ; the

184 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Trachyphleus,

elytra, as a rule, appear to be darker and much less distinctly punctured;
the anterior tibize are unarmed in front in both sexes. L. 25-3 mm.

Sandy and chalky places, in moss and at roots of Lotus corniculatus; very local
and, as.a rule, not common; Shirley, Mickleham, Caterham, Box Hill, Crohamhurst,
Chatham, Faversham; Southsea ; Portsmouth, common at roots of grass in spring ;
Sandown, Isle of Wight; Scarborough; leland, Waterford (Power) ; Walton records
it as “rather rare, occasionally found on sandy banks on Windmill Hill, Graves: nd ;
also near Birch Wood, and Bishops Wood, Hampstead, in June;’? he appears, how-
ever, to have mixed this species and 7’. avistatus. ¥

T. scaber, L. (bifoveolatus, Beck., sguamosus, Gyll.), The largest of
our species, obovate, dull-brown, sometimes entirely covered with a
greyish or whitish crusted covering, antenne and legs pitchy or rufescent ;
scrobes plainly visible from above; thorax very transverse, not con-
stricted at base, but broader at base than at apex; elytra with rather
variable strie, interstices usually tessellated with fuscous and cinereous
seales, furnished behind with small outstanding scale-like sete ; the
thorax is, as a rule, compressed at each side with a fovea, but is vari-
able both as to impressions and sculpture and the distinctness of the
central channel, which is usually present ; according to Walton it may
be distinguished from every other species “ by having the head invari-
ably with a transverse striga or constricted at the base, and by the
anterior tibize being armed in both sexes at their apices, externally and
in front, with six minute spines.” L. 33-43 mm. :

In moss, &c. ; occasionally found in sand pits and by sweeping herbage ; also at the
roots of low plants in sandy places ; loca!; London district, and south-eastern and
southern counties, common and generally distributed ; Somerset ; Bristol ; Barmouth ;
Malvern; St. Faith’s, Norwich; Scarborough ; Northumberland and Durham dis-
trict, rare, Hartlepool, South Shields, Hetton Hall, near Belford, and Tunstall
(Poe an rare, Tweed, Forth and Moray districts; Ireland, near Waterford

ower).

T. scabriculus, L. (scaber, Schénh., nec L.). Much smaller than
the preceding, obovate, fuscous black or brownish, thickly clothed with
greyish scales, head depressed, thickly and rugosely punctured ; rostrum
rather broad with a deep central channel; thorax very transverse, with
an oblong fovea towards each side, finely and rugosely punctured, central
channel obsolete, disc and sides with a few whitish scattered sete ;
elytra with punctured striz, thickly clothed with narrow erect scale-like
sete ; in grey specimens the elytra are somewhat tessellated, and there
is a rather conspicuous white spot of scales on each elytron before middle
near suture; apex of anterior tibize with a strong tooth on outer-side and
another (bifid at apex) in front; teeth small in female. L. 23-3 mm.

Tn sandy and chalky places, in moss, at roots of grass and low plants; common and
generally distributed in the London and southern districts, but does not apparently
oceur in the midland counties or in Yorkshire, Lancashire, &c. ; Northumberland and
Durham district, very rare, “ Marsden”? Mr. J. Hardy; Scotland, rare, Solway and
Tweed districts; Ireland, near Dublin; according to Walton it is ‘‘ certainly the
most abundant insect of the genus,”

Trachyphleus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 185

T. laticollis, Boh. (spinimanus, Thoms., nec Germ.). Ovate, black,
antenne and legs brown-red, closely covered with grey scales; rostrum
and thorax even; thorax very broad, with sides strongly rounded
and a broad deep curved transverse impression near apex; elytra with
distinct punctured strie, interstices level, each with a row of erect white
sete ; anterior tibie with two not very strong teeth at apex ; the species
superficially resembles T. spinimanus, from which the much shorter
armature of its anterior tibize at once separates it, but it is more closely
allied to J. alternans, from which it may be known by having the elytra
distinctly striated, with level interstices, all moderately thickly set with
fine scale-like setze, whereas in the latter species the striz are indistinct
and the alternate interstices only are setose, and somewhat elevated.
L. 25-3 mm.

Extremely rare ; Weston-super-Mare (five examples, Crotch) ; Scotland, extremely
rare, Solway district (Sharp).

T. spinimanus, Germ. (nec Thoms. ef Gyll.). Black, antenne and
legs red-brown ; upper surface covered with a thick white or lighter or
darker brown crusted covering, which almost completely hides the
obsolete interstices ; rostrum fiat; thorax very transverse with sides
rounded, constricted in front, without central furrow ; elytra with the
alternate interstices sometimes very slightly raised, and with a series of
small clavate scale-like setze on each interstice ; anterior tibize with a
long spine near the apex externally, and with two diverging spines in
front. L. 23-3 mm.

Chalky hill sides; at the roots of Helianthemum vulgare; very local, but common
where it occurs; Chatham (taken by Mr. Champion and Mr. Walker in great profu-
sion in various parts of the district); Hampstead ; Mickleham; Southend ; Sheppy ;
Dover; Arundel; Southsea beach, near Cumberland Fort; chalk hill, near Ports-
mouth ; Walton records it somewhat doubtfully from Cromer, Norfolk.

T. alternans, Gyll. Closely allied to the preceding, but with the
strie (if the crusted covering be removed) more distinct, the alternate
interstices only furnished with erect scale-like sete, and somewhat
elevated, and the spinose appendages at the apex of the anterior tibiz
smaller: the rostrum is almost as broad and rather longer than the
head, and finely channelled in the middle ; the thorax is short, transverse,
narrowed and transversely impressed in front, much dilated and rounded
at sides, without central furrow; elytra ovate; legs pitchy or dark

testaceous. L. 23-2$ mm.

Chalky hill sides ; in moss, and at roots of Helianthemum vulgare ; occasionally
by sweeping herbage ; very local and, as a rule, not common ; Box Hill, Mickleham,
Ashford, Eastry, Southend, Chatham; Margate; Dover (common, J. J. Walker);
Folkestone ; Arundel ; Southsea beach, near Cumberland Fort; Sandown and Vent-
nor, Isle of Wight; Portland; Weymouth.

CATHORMIOCERUS, Schonherr.
This genus contains rather more than twenty species, of which all
but three or four are found in Europe, the others occurring in Algeria

186 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Cathormiocerus.

and Madeira; it is extremely closely allied to T'rachyphleus, but its
members may be distinguished from the latter genus by having the
ventral segments without scales and somewhat shining and the base of
the scape dilated and produced into a prominence externally.* M. Bedel
considers the latter to be merely a specific character and unites the two
genera as one; the two British species are extremely local.
1. Antenne more slender; eyes less prominent; punctuation

feebler ; colour lighter .°>... . 5» » « «# +» « \.s. C, socrus, Boh.
IL. Antenne stouter; eyes more prominent; punctuation

stronger; colour darker. . . . .... . « CO, Manitrmus, Rye.

C. socius, Boh. Oblong-ovate, pitch black, with the antenne and

legs lighter ; upper surface with greyish scales, which are more close at
sides and are scanty in middle, as well as on under-side; rostrum furrowed;
scape of antenne long and stout, abruptly dilated externally almost im-
mediately as it leaves the scrobe, scrobes broadly open in front if viewed
from above ; thorax not much broader than long, with the sides rounded,

very closely sculptured ; elytra with regular distinct punctured strie, ©

interstices with erect whitish scale-like sete, which are more evident
behind ; tibiz without distinct spines at apex. L. 23-3 mm. _

Sandy places; extremely local; introduced as British by Mr. Walton and rein-
troduced by Mr. Rye on the authority of a single specimen taken by Mr. H. Mon-
tague in the early part of the summer of 1867 at Freshwater, Isle of Wight; I
took a single specimen in the spring of 1882 at the foot of the cliffs at Sandown in
the Island; during the summers of 1887 and 1888 Mr. Champion has, however,
taken a considerable number of specimens in the Sandown locality; its distribution
is very strange, as it has been taken by Dr. Sharp at a great elevation, in the Sierra
Nevada, at the margins of snow-fields; M. Bedel records a single specimen from the
neighbourhood of nests of Aphenogaster (a lentour des fourmiliéres d’ Aph@nogas-
ter), but I do not know whether his insect has been compared with our specimens ;
he further says that C. maritimus is probably nothing but a variety of C. socius,
which it certainly is not if our specimens are rightly named.

Cc. maritimus, Rye. Allied to the preceding but flatter, darker,
more strongly punctured, and with the antenne more robust ; the head is
wider and the eyes more prominent; the rostrum has the central longitu-
dinal furrow not so evident ; the scape is not dilated until at some little
distance from the scrobe, a rather conspicuous slender space intervening;
the funiculus and the elub are (comparing the same sexes) very dis-
tinctly broader and stouter; the thorax is longer and more coarsely
punctured ; the elytra are flatter, less ovate, with the sides a little
straighter, and with the striz much more coarsely punctured, and the sete
on the interstices are black, and not so stout or quite so long; the legs are
darker, and the apex of the tibie is scarcely so enlarged. L. 23-3 mm.

Portsmouth district, discovered by Mr. Moncreaff in the salterns near Southsea ;
extremely local, at roots of grass, plantain, &., and confined to a few square yards;

it isa very difficult species to capture, as it tucks in its antenne and legs and feigns
death at times for half an hour, and it is the exact colour of the soil.

* This applies to our species, but Mr. Rye (Ent. Monthly Mag. vii. 151), considers
that the extreme development of the antennz in some Cathormioceri, being mostly
sexual and not found in all the species, is not of much generic value. Bedel unites
the genus with Trachyphleus,

Ceenope?s. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 187

CHNOPSIS, Bach.

This genus is a very small one, containing only three species, which
are found in Europe, Northern Africa and Madeira ; they are allied to
Otiorrhynchus and Trachyphleus, but may be easily known by the close
strong and deep longitudinal strie on the throat ; in C. jissirostris the
deciduous mandibles are long and hooked ; the two British species differ
considerably in size and general appearance.

I. Thorax as long as broad; elytra oblong-oval; size

PME a ot Sh eS? 8 we ws ee . . (. FisstrostRis, Walt.
Il. Thorax evidently transverse hia sub-globose ; size

smaller . . +» €. Wattont, Boh.

C. fissirostris, Walt. Oblong-ovate, brown, closely covered with
dark brown and greyish yellow scales; rostrum shori with a broad deep
furrow; eyes rather prominent ; antenne ferruginous ; thorax as long as
broad, with the sides rather dilated and furnished with light scales and
squamose setz, closely sculptured, with a narrow raised central line;
elytra with plainly punctured striz, second interstice broader than the
first, apical portion with distinct erect scale-like sete ; legs ferruginous,
posterior femora usually with a white ring. L. 5 mm.

Sandy places, in thick wet moss; rare; Chislehurst (Marsh); Plumstead (Smith) ;
Shirley (Champion) ; Shirley Pit, on three or four occasions (Power) ; Hastings dis-

trict, Peppering, Guestling, and St. Leonards; Shirley Warren, Southampton (Gorhaw);
New Forest ; Plymouth; Cannock Chase, Hednesford (Blatch).

C. Waltoni, Schén. (ventricosus, Steph. ; Trachyphleus Waltont,
Walton). Very like a Trachyphleus in general appearance and quite
different, at first sight, from the preceding ; ovate, black, thickly clothed -
with griseous and cinereous recumbent scales, and with white erect
scale-like sete; head short, depressed, deeply striated and ridged above;
eyes small, round and prominent; rostrum rather narrower and scarcely
longer than the head , deeply excavated above ; antenne rufo-ferruginous;
thorax broader in the middle than long, considerably narrowed in front,
greatly dilated and rounded at the sides towards base, finely carinated,
thickly punctured, the punctures confluent; elytra ample, globose or
globose-ovate, with regular deeply and strongly punctured striz ; inter-
stices narrow, convex, and coriaceous, each with erect sete behind ;
legs rather short, robust, fusco-cinereous, squamose ; anterior tibie un-
armed. L. 3-3} mm.

Sandy and chalky places; in moss, gravel pits, under stones, &c.; very local ;
London district, not uncommon, Hampstead, Shirley, Esher, Horsell, Coombe Wood,
Chatham, Dartford, Plumstead (abundant in the latter locality, July 30, 1864
(Power)) ; Hastings district ; Portsmouth district; New Forest ; Whitsand Bay,

Plymouth ; Bristol; Stourport; Cannock Chase ; Bridgenorth, Shropshire ; South of
Ireland (T. V. Wollaston).

BRACHYDERINA.
This tribe is very differently constituted by various authors; in the

188 RHYNCHOPHORA, [Brachyderina.

European catalogue of Heyden Reitter and Weise, for instance, it in-
cludes Polydrusus, Sitones, Trachyphloeus and other genera which are
now separated from it; as here constituted it contains a few genera
whose members are for the most part small or moderately sized thick-set
insects, which differ from the preceding tribe by having the scrobes

lateral and directed inferiorly and the second joint of the club of the

antennz about equal to the first, and from all that follow by the forma-
tion of the side pieces of the mesosternum ; the latter character will be
found to separate Barypeithes sulcifrons, Boh. (which is regarded by
Duval as the type’ species of the genus) from our other two species
B. aranetformis (brunnipes) and B. pellucidus ; a new generic name is
therefore required for the latter species, which must accordingly be
retained among the Brachyderina under the genus Hxomias, Bedel, the
genus Barypeithes proper being referred to the Phyllobiina.
I, Eyes small and very prominent; vertex of head con-
stricted ; scape of antennzo not reaching beyond the level ‘
of theeyes. . . . SrropHosomus, Steph.
II. Eyes moderate, not or only slightly prominent ; vertex
of head not constricted ; scape of antenna reaching be-
yond the posterior margin of the eyes.
i, Femora simple; third joint of the funiculus of the
antenne globose or transverse.
1. Elytra glabrous or covered with long fine outstanding

hairs.
A. Scrobes deflexed on lower part . . . . . . Exomras, Bedel.
B. Scrobes not deflexed . . Omias, Schon.
2. Elytra with coarse and stout outstanding seale-like
setzo . Bracuysomoes, Steph.

ii, Femora toothed beneath ; ‘third ‘joint ‘of funiculus of
antenne oblong or elongate.
1, Anterior coxee placed much nearer to the anterior
margin of the thorax than to the posterior; elytra
without raised setzs2 . . Ecsomus, Germ,
2, Anterior coxee placed at about equal distances from
the anterior and posterior margins of thorax; elytra
with raised scale-like sete on the interstices - . . SOIrAPHItus, Steph.

STROPHOSOMUS, Schénherr.

This genus, according to the Munich catalogue, contains fifty-two
species, the majority of “which are recorded as from ‘Europe, representa-
tives also being mentioned from Morocco, South Africa, Ceylon and
Peru ; in the European catalogue of Heyden Reitter and Weise, thirty-
three species are recorded from Europe alone, of which fourteen belong
to the sub-genus Neliocarus, Thoms. ; Bedel, however, although he also
includes the latter sub-genus, reckons only about thirty species altogether,
‘all of which are confined to the west of Europe and the Morocco district,
except one (S. albolineatus, Seidl.), which occurs in Russia and Austria,
and may be generically distinet ; they are short, dull-looking, brownish
or greyish insects, with the elytra subglobose and with the eyes ex-

Strophosomus.] ; RHYNCHOPHORA, 189

tremely prominent, appearing, in some species, as if almost detached
from the head ; this character, together with the large broadly trian-

head, will easily distinguish them from their allies ; the vertex is
constricted behind the eyes; the scrobes are deep, sometimes slightly
deflexed, sometimes almost straight; the thorax is transverse or sub-
transverse, as a rule, not much longer than the head; in size they vary
from 3} to 65 mm.; in the males the tibie are terminated by a small
hook and the last abdominal segment is sometimes modified ; five species
are usually regarded as British, of which three belong to the sub-genus
Neliocarus, Thomson, above referred to; as, however, Walton’s species
S. fulvicornis is recognized by Dr. Sharp and apparently on the continent,
as it appears in the catalogue of Heyden Reitter and Weise as from
Britain and Germany, I have thought it best to include it, although, if
my specimens are correctly named, they appear to come extremely close
_ to §. capitatus, De G. (obesus, Marsh.) ; although the genus is a small
one, two or three of the species are often hard to distinguish, as they are
somewhat variable in size, colour, &c.

I. Elytra not fitting tightly into the base of thorax; scrobes
slightly but plainly deflexed (Strophosomusi. sp.).
i. Elytra with the suture denuded at base, Remns, a

black longitudinal patch at seutellum . . 5 - S. coryii, F.
ii. El with the suture not denuded at base.
1. hairs on elytra very distinct, if viewed 3
ways; thorax rugosely punctured. . . . . . S. caprratus, De G.

(obesus, Marsh.)
2. Erect hairs on elytra much less distinct, and often
more or less obsolete, even if viewed sideways ; thorax
: somewhat remotely punctured . oe et Dh < S. FULVIcoRNIS, Walt.
1. Elytra fitting tightly into base of thorax ; elytra and
thorax slightly constricted at. base( Neliocarus, Thoms, )
i. Base of thorax slightly but plainly emarginate just
before scutellum ; upper surface entirely clothed with
long outstanding Ae ea eee S. FABER, Herbst.
ii. Base of thorax not emarginate before scutellum ; upper
surface without or with very short outstanding hairs.

1. Upper surface entirely covered with scales :‘ . §. RetTusus, Marsh.
2. Upper surface mostly denuded, except at sides, black
pe A ae 6" OE i a ees gar eee S. LATERALIS, Payk.
(limbatus, F. )

s. coryli, F. (obesus, Thoms. nec Marsh). Black, with the antenne
and legs ferruginous, thickly clothed with brownish or fuscous-ashy
scales, with a denuded black longitudinal patch at base of elytra near
scutellum; rostrum bisulcate in front; head longitudinally rugose ;
thorax granulate-rugose with three more or less distinct, often obsolete,
fuscous dorsal lines; elytra with moderate punctured striw, interstices
convex, with short seta, legs robust, squamose and pubescent. L. 43-6
mim.

_ On various trees, hazel, oak, fir, &c.; common and generally distributed throughout
the kingdom ; in quite fresh specimens the scales, as in many other allied species,
have a distinct + coppery reflection.

190 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Strophosomus.

S. capitatus, De G. (obesus, Marsh, asperifoliarum, Steph.),
Closely allied to the preceding but distinguished by not having the
abraded longitudinal black patch at base of suture of elytra; the size is ~
more variable and on the average smaller; the thorax is rugulose-punc-
tate and has no trace of a dorsal channel which is often evident in S. coryli ;
the elytra are more oval with the shoulders much less marked ; the
strize on the elytra, moreover, are narrower and more shallow, with the
interstices flatter ; the latter differences, however, are scarcely evident
except in denuded specimens; the colour is extremely variable, but
appears to be, as a rule, more often grey or dark grey poany in S. coryli,
L. 35-5} mm.

On young hazel, oak, broom, &c.; in woods and hedges; generally distributed and
common from the midland districts southwards ; less common further north, although

generally distributed ; Scotland, local, Solway and Forth districts ; Ireland, prohahiy
occurring in many localities.

S. fulvicornis, Walton. Very closely allied to both the two pre-
ceding, but differing in general form and in the fact that the antenne
and legs are entirely fulvous ; the absence of the black patch at base of
suture will separate it from S. coryli, and the longitudinally rugulose
head from both -this species and S. obesus; from the latter species it
may further be known by having the thorax subremotely punctured, as
well as by having the erect sete on the elytra much shorter and more
or less obsolete ; the depressed. seales of the elytra, moreover, appear
when magnified to be of a subelliptical form, whereas in its papeqners
they are subrotundate. L, 4-52 mm,

“ Taken by Mr. Curtis on heath in a fir plantation on Parley Heath in October,

and likewise [ believe by Mr. Dale” (Walton); I have specimens which appear to
belong to the species which I took in the New Forest at the end of July, 1877.

S. retusus, Marsh (squamulatus, Steph. Manual, alternans,Schonh.).
Short and broad, thickly covered with greyish and fuscous scales, which
in fresh specimens are arranged in more or less distinct longitudinal
lines, and have a more or less distinct coppery reflection ; head flat, eyes
extremely prominent; antenne reddish, darker towards apex ; thorax
very transverse, short, rugosely punctured ; elytra fitting tightly to base
of thorax, not bordered at base, with fine and distinctly punctured stria
which meet more or less in front ; legs variable, rufous, pitchy or pitchy
ferruginous. L. 3-45 mm.

Male with the anal segment furnished with two very fine parallel
longitudinal carine.

On Erica; also on Ulex nanus ; according toMr.’Champion on young oaks, &e., in

woods ; local, but very widely distributed from the New Forest to the Moray district
of Scotland ; it is, however, rather rare in the midlands ; Ireland, Waterford (Power).

S. faber, Herbst. (pilosellus, Gyll., chetophorus, Steph., septen-
trionis, Steph.). The largest of our species; black, clothed with ashy or
ashy-brown scales and thick erect greyish hairs; head depressed, with

Strophosomus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 191

the forehead channelled; antenne fuscous, reddish at base ; thorax
rather short, feebly bisinuate at base, coarsely punctured ; elytra obovate,
with rather deeply and coarsely punctured striz, raised at base, long in
proportion as compared with all the preceding species ; legs robust, black
or ferruginous. L. 6-6} mm.

Male with the posterior femora strongly excised before apex, and the
fifth ventral segment of the abdomen slightly impressed and glabrous at
apex; in the female the posterior tibie are slightly sinuate before
apex.

At roots of grass and low plants, in moss, &c.; the larva has been found in turn-
ing over sods; occurs in dry sandy and chalky places and in marshes; local ;
London district, Kent and Surrey, generally distributed and common (Champion) ;
Rudham, Norfolk ; Deal ; Dover ; Hastings ; Southampton; Dorsetshire ; Falmouth;
Whitsand Bay, Plymouth; Bath; Bristol; Malvern Hills; Findern near Repton ;
Danham Park, Manchester; Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland,
doubtful; Murray records it as ‘‘ not uncommon,” but Dr. Sharp has never taken it
in Scotland, nor is he aware of any recorded locality.

S. lateralis, Payk (/imbatus, F.). A very distinct species ; shining
black, upper surface almost glabrous ; head coarsely punctured, antenne
pitchy ; thorax short, coarsely punctured, with a distinct central furrow,
with more or less evident scanty silvery scales at sides, base quite trun-
cate ; elytra obovate, raised at base, with coarsely and deeply punctured
striz, and more or less scanty fine erect sete, and with a broad margin
of silvery scales at sides, which are also present at the base of the suture ;
legs pitchy. L. 43-6 mm.

On Erica and Calluna (heath and ling); very common and generally distributed

in all heathy districts from the New Forest to the north of Scotland and probably
in Treland.

EXOMIAS, Bedel.

The insects contained in this genus were formerly comprised under
ithes Duval, but as Bedel has placed Duval’s type, B. sulcifrons,
under the Phyllobiina, a new name becomes necessary ; they are small
black, brownish or reddish yellow insects, in outline somewhat resem-
bling Otiorrhynchus ovatus, but very much smaller and more elongate ;
the antennz are long and slender, the punctuation coarse, and the femora
more or less clavate. All the known species are found in Europe and
occur in moss and at the roots of low plants ; two inhabit Britain.
I, Elytra almost glabrous; thorax more diffusely
GUIPEOTOG fa: 6 oe, aseais Ges 6 Seem . - . . E. ARANEtFORMIS, Schrank.
II. Elytra thickly set with long outstandi ish : gteninaies
. 1c wi ndain.
hairs ; acco more thickly punctured : _— . E. petivcrwts, Bok.
=. araneiformis, Schrank. (drunnipes, Ol.). Oblong-ovate, elon-
gate, black, pitehy or pitchy brown, shining, almost glabrous, with very
short and scanty greyish pubescence; rostrum broad, rugose, with a
central furrow ; antenne long and slender, red; thorax at least as long as

192 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Bxomias.

broad, with the sides moderately rounded and- dilated, diffusely and
coarsely punctured ; elytra elongate ovate with very coarsely punctured
strie; legs rather long, red, femora ferruginous. In the male the
anterior tibia are somewhat curved at apex. L. 3-3} mm.

In moss, in woods; oceasionally it does damage by burrowing into strawberries ;
locally abundant ; London district, Kent and Surrey, common everywhere ; it appears
to be more or less general as far north as the Lancaster district and Cheshire, but it
ceases entirely in the north and is not recorded from the Northumberland and Durham
district, nor has Dr. Sharp ever come across a Scotch example, although it must be
admitted that Murray records it as “ occasional’’ in Scotland. Ireland, Malahide, near
Dublin (Power), Armagh, &c. :

E. pellucidus, Boh. Very like the preceding in general shape and
appearance, but easily distinguished by having the upper surface thickly
set with long outstanding greyish hairs; the general colour is, on the
average, more pitchy ; the thorax is more dilated at the sides and more
thickly punctured, the punctures being evidently less coarse, and the
elytra have the strie deeper and the punctures set much more closely
together ; antenne and legs red. L. 3-85 mm.

Sandy places; in moss, &e.; very local, and, as a rule, rare, but occasionally in pro-
fusion; Hackney; Eastry, Kent in profusion, (Gorham) ; Kingsgate (600 specimens
on the shore in 1886, T. Wood); Sandwich ; Knowle, near Birmingham (Blatch).

OMIAS, Schénherr.

This genus contains about twenty species which are found in Europe,
the Canaries, Cyprus, the Caueasus district and Central Asia; they
very strongly resemble Brachysomus, from which they differ in the
finer outstanding hairs and the rather more prominent eyes, and in
having the first joint of the funiculus shorter than second, whereas in
Brachysomus it is longer; the more transverse thorax and the fact that
the scrobes are not deflexed will separate it from Lxomias ; Thomson
(Skand. Col. vii. 142, 143) includes Brachysomus hirsutulus and Omias
Bohemant under one genus.

©. mollinus, Boh. (Bohemani, Zett.).* Pitchy-black or pitchy-
brown, shining, sparingly clothed with fine outstanding greyish
pubescence; antennz and legs red ; head indistinctly punctured, vertex
almost smooth, rostrum broad; thorax a little broader than long, with
the sides rounded, rather closely punctured ; elytra ovate, convex with
the shoulders rounded, and with deep, coarsely punctured, striae, inter-
stices convex; legs moderately long, femora simple, tarsi short. L.
3-35 mm.

By sweeping low plants; local and, as a rule, not common; Southend (Gorham) ;
Portsmouth district (Moncreaff); Bewdley (Blatch); Repton, Burton-on-Trent
(where I have taken it in numbers by sweeping near an osier-bed).; Heysham, near
Lancaster; Northumberland and Durham district, *‘near Swalwell,’ J. Hardy ;
Scotland, rare, Tweed and Tay districts.

* M. Bedcel writes to me as follows regarding this species, of which I sent him a
specimen : “ LZ’ Omias mollinus que je connaissais pas appartient bien au groupe des
Brachyderini.”

Brackysomus.| RHYNCHOPHORA. 193

BRACHYSOMUS, Steph. (Platytarsus, Schénherr, pars).

About a dozen species are contained in this genus which chiefly in-
habit Europe; one or two occur also in Algeria; they are-small, sub-
globose, insects, with stout outstanding scale-like sete, the thorax
transverse, the scrobes not deflexed, and the third joint of the funiculus of
the antenne short ; they are found in moss, and at roots of low plants ;
one of our British species is not uncommon, but the other is very rare.
ho Eyes flat, contiguous to margin of thorax (Brachyso-

_ mus, Steph.); second joint of funiculus of antenne
. considerably shorter than first ; form pecotar and more
COMFEDS TS. se een we = © « «+. BB KOnINATUS, Bonsd.
(hirsutulus, F.)
II. Eyes convex, distant from the margin of thorax
_ (Platytarsus, Schén.) ; second joint of funiculus of
antenne not mucif sherter than first; form narrower
andless convex. . . . . + « . . .. . « B.utervs, Bok.
(setulosus, Boh.)
_ B. echinatus, Bonsd. (/irsutulus, F.). Fuscous-black or brown,
with the antennz and legs red, scantily clothed with ashy scales; head
flat, rostrum without central channel ; thorax strongly transverse, covered
with erect scale-like set, scarcely rounded at sides, not channelled,
_ punctured ; elytra subglobose, with ashy scales on the interstices, and
erect coarse scale-like setz throughout; underside <2 ye with ashy
scales ; legs moderately stout, tarsi short. L. 2-2} mm

By beating and sweeping he in early summer; also abides dead leaves in
inter: Tocall aan > agg al raped Shirley, Mickleham, pov
Darenth Wi Chatham, Birch Wood, West Wickham, Reigate ; Bottisham, Cam-
bridge ; Norfolk ; Swansea ; Hereford ; Llangollen; Llandudno ; Knowle ; Bewdley ;

on; Liverpool ; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, rare, Tweed
Forth districts (Sharp); Balmuto, Fifeshire (Power).

B. hirtus, Boh. (sefulosus, Boh.). Allied to the preceding but dis-
tinguished by having the eyes convex and distant from the anterior
margin of the thorax, and the second joint of the funiculus of the
antenng not much shorter than first ; the form is narrower and less con-
vex, and the thorax is longer and more rounded at the sides; the
margins of the thorax are furnished with a row of round whitish scales,
and the elytra are scantily clothed with narrow scales, and numerous
raised scale-like ace sai are not at all claviform; the general colour
is darker. L. 23-

Chalky hill sada, in moss, (ie: in early spring ; very rare; Caterham, one example
in moss in April (Champion) ; Chatham Walker) ; Tunbridge (Wollaston) ; Arundel,
in moss, February, 1842 (S. Stevens); Southampton (Walton); Henley-on-Thames
(Power); Mr. Douglas has found it in a primrose root from the London district
which he bought in one of the London markets.

EUVUSOMWUWS, Germar.

‘This genus contains about twenty species from Europe, Northern
VOL. ¥. oe

194 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Zusomus.

Africa, and Northern and Central Asia; one only occurs in Britain and
it requires further confirmation before it can be regarded as really in-
digenous; the members of the genus have somewhat the facies of
Polydrusus, from which they may be known by the. very convex ovate
elytra, short scrobes and emarginate rostrum.

=. ovulum, II]. About the size of Polydrusus sericeus, slender, black,
clothed with yellowish-green, slightly metallic, round scales, which are
sometimes more yellow on the alternate interstices of the elytra; antenne
with the scape and base of the first joint of the funiculus ferruginous ;
rostrum narrower than the head; eyes convex; scutellum wanting ;
elytra oval with close-lying pubescence; anal segment of abdomen
pubescent ; femora with a spiniform tooth, that on the posterior pair
being very feeble, tarsi with the first joint elongate. L. 6-74 mm.

On Achillea millefolium, among grass, &c. ; extremely rare; “Taken by Mr.
Edleston, at Grange” (Ent. Monthly Mag. viii. 83). The species has been recorded
from Guestling, near Hastings, but Mr. Bennett, who recorded it, tells me that his
specimen was wrongly named, and must be referred to another species; EZ. ovulum,
therefore, appears to require further confirmation as British.

SCIAPHILUS, Steph.

In this genus the head is narrower than the thorax, the eyes searcely
prominent, the antenne long and slender, and the scrobes strongly
deflexed ; the thorax is transverse and the elytra are oval; the whole
upper surface is thickly covered with grey scales and strong outstanding
scale-like setee, which are’ more evident on the elytra; the limits of the
genus are not as yet properly defined ; about thirty species are enumer-
ated in the Munich catalogue and about twenty in the European catalogue
of Heyden, Reitterand Weise, but some of these most probably will have
to be placed near Polydrusus ; only one species occurs in Britain.

S. muricatus, F. (asperatus, Bonsd.). Black or fuscous-black,
thickly covered with scales, which vary in colour from a dirty grey to
yellowish-grey and sometimes show a slight metallic reflection ; antenne
red with the first and second joints of funiculus elongate; rostrum glabrous
at apex, with a V-shaped impression; scutellum very smal, but distinct ;
thorax short, subeylindrical; elytra oval, with the alternate interstices
slightly raised and a row of sete on each interstice, and with rather fine
but distinct punctured striz, apex deflexed and acuminate; all the femora
with a small sharp tooth. L. 4-6 mm.

Male with the tibiz armed with a rather distinct hook.

In woods and hedges ; by beating and sweeping ; often in moss; somewhat local,
but more or less common and generally distributed from the Midland districts south-
wards ; rarer further north ; Manchester district, general but rare ; Liverpool ; North-
umberland and Durham district ; Scotland, occasional in moss and herbage, Solway,
Tweed and Forth districts ; Ireland, Dublin, Waterford, Galway, Armagh, and
probably general. ;

Tropiphorina. | RHYNCHOPIIORA. 195

_ TROPIPHORINA (Synirmina).

This tribe contains one European genus Tropiphorus Schin. (Synir-
mus Bedel), which is allied to the Phyllobiina and Cneorrhinina, but
differs in having the prosternum slightly emarginate at apex and fur-
nished with short hairs at the sides of the emargination, and also in the
fact that the thorax is finely, but very distinctly, keeled on its central
line, and that the eyes are flat and almond-shaped. Thomson includes
the tribe under the Otiorrhynchina.

TROPIPHORWUS Schonherr (Synirmus Bedel, Tropidophorus,
Gemm.).

About a dozen species are comprised in this genus which appear to be
all found in Europe; two have generally been regarded as British, but a
third has lately been added by Dr. Sharp; theyare rather large, ovate,
‘insects, with the rostrum broad but rather long, the scrobes short and
not deflexed, and the scape of the antenne not passing the eyes, which
are depressed ; the elytra are convex, especially behind, and very strongly
deflexed and acuminate at apex. ;

I. Elytra with the third, fifth and seventh interstices :

costate, the raised lines on the last two meeting atapex T. cartnatvs, Miill,

II. Elytra with the interstices not costate.

’ i, Elytra at sides of base plainly projecting beyond
the base of thorax, with the external basal angle
projecting in front, regularly and feebly widened

from thisangletothe middle ....... T. romENTosts, Marsh.

(mercurialis, Brit. Cat.)

ii. Elytra with the basal external angie obtuse and

truncate, coinciding with the posterior angle of

the thorax, rather abruptly enlarged from that angle

for one-fifth of their length and then forming a
_slightamgled curve . . . 2. ©». + «+ + ss T. optusvs, Bonsd.

T. carinatus, Mill. Oblong-ovate, black, thickly clothed with dark
brown coppery scales ; antenne ferruginous, club darker ; rostrum stout and
moderately long, head with a longitudinal fovea between eyes which are
flat, very closely sculptured ; thorax slightly transverse, with sides sub-
parallel, rounded and narrowed in front, very closely sculptured, with a
distinct central raised line ; elytra convex, with their basal external angles
reaching beyond the basal angles of thorax, with the third, fifth, seventh
and also the eighth, ninth and tenth interstices raised and costate, and
the striz fine, regularly and not closely punctured ; suture much raised
behind ; legs pitchy. L. 63-7 mm. |

In moss, under stones, &c. ; rarely by sweeping herbage; very local-and not com-
mon ; Shirley, Highgate in some numbers (Power), Faversham, Chatham, Bishops
Wood, Hythe; Folkestone; Hastings district; Winchester; Glanvilles Wootton;
Henley-on-Thames; Manchester district, general in moss.

T. tomentosus, Marsh (mercurializ, Brit. Cat.). Black, clothed

: o 2

196 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Tropiphorus.

with greyish-coppery or dull golden scales; very like the preceding in
general appearance, but easily distinguished by not having the interstices
costate, as well as by its lighter colour; the elytra at the sides of base
plainly project beyond the basal- angles of the thorax, and their basal
external angles are prominent in front ; from these angles to the middle
the elytra are gradually and feebly widened; the strize are somewhat

coarsely punctured, but are much hidden by the scales in fresh

specimens ; suture ‘somewhat elevated behind ; femora black with
metallic hairs ; tibia and tarsi ferruginous or pitchy. L. 6} mm.

On Mercurialis perennis, especially in chalky districts; local, but not uncommon
where it occurs ; Mickleham; Hastings; Devon; Swansea; Herefordshire; Knowle;

Bewdley; Repton and neighbourhood; Manchester district, general but not common; —

Liverpool district ; York; Scarborough; Teesdale; Northumberland and Durham
district; Scotland, common in flood refuse, Solway, Forth, Tay, Dee, Moray and
probably other districts; Ireland, near Dublin, frequent, near Belfast, &c.

T. obtusus, Bonsd. Very like the preceding: in fact Thomson.

(Skandinaviens Coleoptera vii. p. 145) has described it as the female
of that species ; it may, however, be known by having the basal external
angle of the elytra truncate and obtuse, and coinciding with the external
angle of the thorax, rather abruptly enlarged from that angle to the first
fifth of their length and thence very slightly deflexed ; the suture of
the elytra is less raised at apex and the central carina of the thorax is
not so strongly marked, and the interstices, moreover, of the elytra are
flatter. L. 6} mm,

Very rare; taken by Dr. Sharp on the banks of the water of Cairn between
Irongray and Dunscore, Dumfriesshire. I have a specimen among some duplicates

given me by Dr. Sharp which must, I think, be referred to this species; the central
line of the thorax, however, is strongly marked.

PHYLLOBIINA.

This tribe, as here constituted, contains the following British genera,
Phyllobius, Polydrusus, Liophleus and Barypeithes (the latter genus
only containing B. swlcifrons), and also Seythropus, Schén., Ptochus
Schon. and Argoptochus Weise ; its members are distinguished by having
the tarsal claws connate, and also by the more or less elongated elytra, of
which the shoulders (except in Barypeithes) are well marked and promi-
nent, and the long or comparatively long metasternum ; many of the
species are covered with exceedingly brilliant golden green scales and
are very beautiful and conspicuous insects; the introduction of the
genus Barypetthes by Bedel causes a certain amount of confusion, and it
is probable that it may have to be differently located; the arrangement
here adopted is of great advantage as bringing Phyllobius and Polydrusus
into close connection ; these two genera are extremely closely allied both
in general appearance and habit, but have usually been placed in
different tribes.

Phyllobiina.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 197

I, Scrobes curved, deflexed and more or less prolonged
towards under surface.
i, Upper surface, without scales; sizesmall . . . . BARYPEITHES, Duv.
ii. Upper surface with a more or less thick covering
_ of seales; size moderate.
1. Apex of the tibiae with the outer margin not
' reflexed at the insertion of the tarsi.
A. Scrobes meeting beneath rostrum; antennez
with joints 3—7 of the funiculus globose and sub-
SEAURVOCEG sisal se es ese ells. on os: 6 a MBraLnires;,, Germ
B. Scrobes not meeting beneath rostrum ; antenne
with joints 3-7 of the funiculus not globose . . Ponyprusus, Germ.
2. Apex of the tibize with the outer margin refiexed
-esheiog a cavity for the insertion of the tarsi; size
II. Scrobes not curved or deflexed ; upper surface usually
_ thickly covered with scales but occasionally simply
Daven ee ee Te nr es ie a's 6 es el |6PHYLLOBYOS; Germ.

LIoPHL@us, Germ.

BARYPEITHES, Duval.

This genus as here constituted contains the single species R. sulci-
frons, the two other British species usually included under it (B. aranei-
fornis and B. pellucidus) being now referred to a new genus, Exomias,
_which is placed under the Brachyderina through the formation of the
side pieces of the metasternum ; it is a small black shining insect with a
very short rostrum.

B. sulcifrons, Boh. Oblong, glabrous, black or pitchy black,
shining; head broad, closely and distinctly, but comparatively finely
punctured, rostrum very short and broad, with a strong central furrow ;
antenne long, red, with club darker; thorax often reddish, with the
sides dilated, coarsely and not very closely punctured ; elytra elongate
oval, with the shoulders rounded, and with regular rows of rather strong
punctures, interstices finely punctured ; legs moderately long and stout,
red, femora simple. L. 3 mm,

In moss, &e.; very local; Mount Edgecumbe; Devonshire, Killerton (Rev. H.

8. Gorh«m) ; Dougl«s, Isle of Man; Scarborough ; taken in the north of Northum-
berland by Mr. J. Hardy ; Scotland, very local, Tweed and Forth districts.

LIOPHLGWUS, Germar.

In the Munich catalogue published in 1871, seventeen species are
enumerated as belonging to this genus, but in the European catalogue of
Heyden, Reitter and Weise no less than twenty-eight species are men-
tioned from Europe alone, fourteen new ones having been described by
M. Tournier; according to Bedel the species belonging to the genus
‘vary extremely and several forms have been divided off as separate
which have no real appreciable characters ; they inhabit Europe and the
Caucasus and one or two have been described from Persia ; our single

198 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Liophleus,

species is a large insect, with the scrobes curved and deflexed and the
apex of the tibiz with the outer margin reflexed and forming a cavity
for the insertion of the tarsi.

L. nubilus, F. (fesscllatus, Bonsd.). Black, dull, densely clothed

with ashy-brown scales, which occasionally, in freshly emerged speci- .
mens, are coppery ; these scales are thicker at the sides of the thorax, ~

and the elytra have the alternate interstices tessellated with small fuscous
spots ; head with a longitudinal impression between eyes; thorax with
the sides slightly rounded, very closely sculptured, with a more or less
obsolete raised central line; elytra large and ample, much broader than
thorax, with punctured strie and broad flat interstices; legs black,
pubescent ; the colour of. the scales is variable ; in the male, which is
smaller, they are lighter and the dark tessellated patches are more evident.
L. 8-11 mm.
On hedges, young trees, nettles, &c., also by beating ivy, which seems to be the
especial food plant of the insect ; generally distributed and common throughout the
greater part of England and Wales; not so common further north ; Northumberland
and Durham district, local; a large number of specimens were taken at Benton
feeding on the ivy; Scotland, scarce, Solway, Dee and probably other districts ;
Treland, Belfast, Galway, Waterford, Dublin, and most likely general. According to
Bedel the females have a transverse yellowish, almost membranous band, at the

posterior margin of the second, third, and fourth segments of the abdumen ; this band,

in the males, is rudimentary or absent.

METALLITES, Germar.

This genus, which contains about twenty species, mostly occurring in
Europe, is united by M. Bedel with Polydrusus; it differs, however, in
having the third to the seventh joints of the funiculus of the antenne
globose and subtransverse ; the antenne themselves are shorter and
stouter and the scutellum is strongly transverse and quadrangular ; the
scrobes meet below rostrum; the legs are rather stout and the elytra
somewhat acuminate ; one species only occurs in Britain.

M. marginatus, Steph. Oblong-ovate, dark, slightly rufous,
clothed with hair-like cinereous scales, which are sometimes slightly
coppery, and are thicker at suture and sides of elytra, and also on the
forehead and at sides of thorax; antenne ferruginous, comparatively
short and stout, with the last joints of the funiculus very short ; thorax
rather longer than broad, with the sides rounded, very closely sculp-
tured ; elytra with rather deep punctured striw, and with lighter and
darker scales arranged in more or less distinct lines, the suture and sides
being lighter than disc, although sometimes obscurely so ; legs reddish
testaceous, femora clavate and all plainly, as arule, though not strongly,
dentate. L, 3-43 mm.

On broom and juniper; very local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Birch
Wood, St. Mary Cray, Chatham, Bearsted, Black Park; Henley; New Forest ;

Glanvilles Wootton (common); the species has recently been found in France ‘on the
birch,

THEA 5 SRN ihe

Polydrusus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 199

POLYDRUSUS, Germar.

_ The members of this genus may be known by having the scrobes
deep and well marked in front and angularly deflexed behind ; the
rostrum is sbort and emarginate at apex ; the vertex of the head is large
and the eyes are round and usually prominent ; as a rule the femora are
without teeth, but this is not always the case; the species, in many
cases, resemble very closely certain of the Phyllobii, from which the
formation of the scrobes will at once separate them; the last ventral
segment is rather short and variously modified in the males; in the
females it is usually triangular and simple ; the genus comprises upwards
of a hundred species which are mostly found in the Palearctic region
and also in North America; one or two species appear to have been
described from South America (Columbia and Brazil); about sixty
species are found in-Europe, of which only nine occur in Britain ; in
both the genera Polydrusus and Phyllobius many of the species are
covered with very brilliant golden green scales and their elytra form
most beautiful objects for the microscope.

I. External margin of all the tibie flattened, and fur-
' nished with two raised keels enclosing a channel
between them; scales long and narrow. Length
63-83 mm. (£udi, SS ee - . P. micans, F.
Il. External margin of tibia without double raised keel.
i. Seape of antenne shorter, not reaching beyond
the ior margin of the eyes; upper surface
thickly clothed with round green scales; mentum
concealing the maxille (Chrysoyphis, De G.) ;
length 5-6} mm. . ....-..-. _- - P.sERiceus, Schall.
ii. Seape of antenne longer, evidently reaching
beyond the posterior margin of eyes; length
4-6 mm.
1. Femora simple.
A. Last two or three joints of funiculus of
antenp@ nearly as broad as long ; scrobes
more behind; colour greyish-
brown, unicolorous or with grey fascie . P. TERETICOLLIS, De G.
» (undatus, F.)
B. Last joints of funiculus of antenne ob-
long, obconical; scrobes less prolonged
behind ; colour brighter or duller golden

a. Temples raised into a prominence behind
each eye; abdomen chiefly pilose ; scrobes
reaching anterior margin of eyes; scales
shining . * . * * . * . . * . .

b. Temples without prominences behind eyes;
abdomen squamose ; scrobes not reaching
anterior margin of eyes; scalesdull . . P. FLAVIPES, De G._

2. Femora with a larger or smaller tooth on
their inferior margin.
A. Thorax and elytra of a uniform colour,
closely covered with small round bright
green scales ; legs dark with green scales P. PLANIFRONS, Gy/l.

P. PTERYGOMALIs, Boh.

200 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Polydrusus.

B. Thorax not closely covered with scales,
and also furnished with very short hairs ;
colour very variable.

a. Elytra oval with the humeral pro-

minences scarcely marked; iegs red; ;

(species maritime) . . . . . « « » P. CHRYSOMELA, Ol.
b. Elytra with the humeral prominences

well marked.

a* Elytra scarcely broader at shoulders

than thorax ; femora dark, tibia red P. CONFLUENS, Steph.
b* Elytra much broader at shoulders

than thorax; femora and tibiz, uni-

colorqus, dark; *.. 4%. s 2) #2 «4:4; oF ¢ OBNVIMUR, 2a

P. micans, F. (mollis, Strém., sec Bedel), A rather large and
conspicuous species, black, clothed with narrow, hair-like, brilliant
~ coppery golden scales, antenne and legs red, club of the former some-
what darker ; head and thorax coarsely punctured, the latter rather
small, with the sides very slightly rounded; elytra large and ample,
somewhat gibbose behind, with comparatively strong, although very
narrow, punctured strie#, colour of scales usually fiery-copper, but
sometimes greenish; legs moderately long. L. 63-8} mm.

Woods and hedges ; on young birches, oaks, hazels, sallows, &¢ 3 very local, but not
uncommon where it occurs ; Mickleham, Darenth, Shooters Hill, Westerham, Bearsted,
Chatham, Swanscombe Wood, near Gravesend; Burnham Beeches; Glanvilles
Wootton; Swansea; Bewdley; Bretby Wood, Repton; Curlisle ; Northumberland
and Durham district; Scotland, Tweed, Clyde and Forth districts (Murray’s Cat.) ;
Dr. Sharp, however, says that the species is unknown to him as Scottish, and that
he is inclined to suspect an error in the determination (Scottish Nat., July, 1879).

P. sericeus, Schall. Oblong, subcylindrical, black, clothed through-
out very thickly with rather dull round green scales, antenne pale
testaceous, club usually dusky; head with an impression between eyes,
thorax subtransverse, very slightly narrowed at apex, with an obsolete
central dorsal furrow ; elytra large, with finely punctured strie ; legs
pale testaceous, with the femora somewhat thickened, usually rather
dusky, and more or less clothed with green scales, armed beneath with
an obsolete tooth. L. 5-65 mm,

Male narrower, with the posterior tibize furnished with long pubes-
cence within towards apex, and the anterior armed with a small hook ;
fifth ventral segment slightly impressed transversely before the apical
margin which is rounded.

Female with the anterior tibie nearly simple and the posterior tibie
sparingly pilose, fifth ventral segment conical triangular.

On*shrubs and trees (oak, hazel, willow, &c.); very rare; Kimpton, Hants
(Rev. G. T. Rudd); Kimpton, received from Mr. Reeks, taken June, 1875 (S.
Stevens) ; Thruxton (Reeks), also from Saunders (Champion); Stephens records that

he has found it near London, but that most of his specimens were received from the
vicinity of Bristol ; in woods near Swansea (Dillwyn).

wus - Sittin

Polydrusus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 201

P. tereticollis, De G. (undatus, F.). Elongate, black, rather
densely clothed with ashy scales, which are- somewhat silvery at the
sides and apex of elytra, which have the surface furnished with three
waved fasciz, which are sometimes deep brown, sometimes lighter, and
sometimes obsolete or absent, so that the whole upper surface appears
unicolorous; rostrum about as long as head; thorax narrow, subcylin-
drical, with the sides scareely rounded ; elytra much broader than
- thorax, convex behind, with fine, but distinct punctured strie; an-
tennz and legs red. L. 4-5 mm. é

Male with the anterior tibie strongly curved internally and the fifth
ventral segment slightly impressed before posterior margin.

On young oaks and other trees and bushes ; generally distributed and, as a rule,

common throughout England and Scotland ; I know of no record from Ireland, but
it probably occurs. +;

P. pterygomalis, Poh. (pterygomaticus, Boh. sec Bedel ; flavipes,
Marsh nee De G.). Oblong, subcylindrieal, black, thickly covered with
very bright more or less shining golden green scales, and shining pale
raised hairs, antenne and legs yellow or yellowish red; head rather
large, scarcely narrower than thorax, with eyes prominent, and with
- the temples plainly raised just behind eyes into a prominence ; thorax
transverse, with the sides rounded, slightly constricted at base and
apex ; elytra with fine punctured strie ; femora without teeth; in the
male the scales are more shining than in the female. L. 4-5 mm.
~ On young oak, hazel, beeeh, &e., in woods; generally distributed and not un-

common throughout England and the greater part of Scotland; Ireland, Dublin,
Waterford, Belfast, and probably common.

P. flavipes, De G. (nec Marsh). Extremely like the preceding
species, but easily distinguished by the absence of prominences behind
eyes, the duller scales of the upper surface, and the fact that the raised
hairs intermixed with the scales are fuscous and not pale ; the abdomen
is much more thickly squamose ; the thorax is, moreover, less rounded
at the sides, and less distinctly transverse ; the scrobes do not attain
the anterior margin of the eyes, whereas in P. pterygomalis they just

reach beyond it, although not so prolonged as in P. tereticollis; this at

' least is my experience, although it must be allowed that Bedel states
that in both P. flavipes and P. pterygomalis the scrobes are obliterated
at the apex of the eyes. L. 4-5 mm. ;
_ On young trees in woods, &. ; also by sweeping ; rare; Hammersmith (formerly),
Lee, Loughton, Bearsted, near Maidstone, Windsor Forest; Hainault Forest;
Hythe ;_ Holm Bush, Brighton ; New Forest ; Buddon Wood, Leicestershire ; Lang-
worth Wood, Lincoln (where I have found it sparingly and might probably have
tuken a number of specimens, but I passed it over as the preceding species) ; it has
een recorded by Me Nab from Glasnevin Gardens, Dublin.

P. planifrons, Gyll. (argentatus, Ol.). Oblong, black, densely
clothed throughout (except the tarsi and antenne), with rich green

202 RHYNCHOPHORA, [Polydrusus.

scales, the upper surface without hairs ; head rather large, subquadrate,
closely punctured, forehead with a fovea in middle; rostrum a little
shorter and narrower than the head, the apex triangularly emarginate ;
antenne slender, the joints rufous or testaceous, with their apices pitchy
and the club fuscous; thorax short, transverse, a little narrowed and
slightly constricted anteriorly, with the sides moderately rounded and
dilated ; elytra subconvex, with the shoulders marked, and with pune-
tured striw, interstices broad and flat ; legs rather stout, femora and
tibie black, the former toothed, tarsi rufous. L. 5-6 mm. :

On young oaks; very rare ; Llandudno, May, 1865 (Sidebotham) ; Silverdale, May,
1866 (Power); Lydiate, near Liverpool, August, 1887 (Ellis); a specimen in’ Dr.
Power’s collection standing under this name proved to be Phyllobius maculicornis :
Walton records one specimen as in the British Museum, but without locality.

P.cervinus, L. Black, clothed throughout with golden or silvery
green, sometimes ashy scales, the colour being very variable; elytra
nearly unicolorous or with more or less distinct denuded spots; head
with a small fovea, antenne long and slender, red, fuscous towards
apex; thorax nearly as long as broad, with the sides very slightly
rounded ; elytra with the shoulders prominent and square, with com-
paratively deep punctured strie; legs black, with ashy pubescence, tarsi
fuscous, all the femora with a small acute tooth; the species is often
very much abraded ; the specimens with green scales are sometimes con-
fused with allied insects; the shape of the scrobes will separate it from
any of the Phyllobii, and the toothed femora and dark legs from P. ptery-
gomalis and P. flavipes ; size very variable. L. 45-65 mm.

On young trees, in woods, hedges, &c. (especially on oak, birch and fir); generally
distributed and more or less common throughout England and Scotland, and
probably Ireland. Dr. Sharp records it as common in Scotland on Scotch fir.

P. chrysomela, Ol. (sericeus, Steph. nec Schall.; pulchellus, Steph.).
A beautiful and conspicuous species, which is, however, very often
more or less abraded, black, with shining green, golden-yellow, coppery
red or silvery grey scales, which are scanty on the head and thorax, and
on the elytra are arranged very thickly at the sides and on two lines
on the elytra, which in consequence present a longitudinally banded
appearance ; rostrum short, head broad ; thorax with the sides strongly
rounded and dilated, with short hairs mixed with the scales ; elytra oval
with the humeral prominences slightly marked, only a little broader at
base than thorax ; antenne and legs reddish testaceous, club of former
often dusky, femora sometimes pitchy in old abraded specimens,
anterior pair evidently dentate. L. 5-53 mm.

On Artemisia maritima ; according to Bedel on maritime Chenopodiacee ; appa-
rently a littoral or submaritime insect ; Walton records having taken it “ on grassy
banks just above high-water mark on the shores of the .Thames, below Gravesend,
and at Burnham, on the coast of the Bristul Channel at the beginning of June”? ;
Strood ; Pegwell Buy ; Portsmouth ; Bournemouth ; Lymington; Weymouth ; Glan-
villes Wootton; Swansea; Preston; Scotland, very rare, Solway district; with

Polydrusus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 203

respect to its capture near Portsmouth, Mr. Moncreaff writes, ‘‘abundant on
wormwood at the north-western side of our island in May.”

P. confluens, Steph. Black, more or less sparingly clothed with ashy-
silvery scales which are arranged i in denser lines on centre and sides of
thorax, and on sides and at each side of suture of elytra, and are often
more or less abraded; rostrum short; antenne slender, red, fuscous
towards apex ; thorax with the sides rounded and somewhat dilated,
contracted in front, closely sculptured; elytra oval, widened behind,
scarcely narrower at base than elytra, with the humeral prominences not
strongly marked, and with moderate punctured strie ; femora = ae.
tibie red or reddish, anterior femora plainly dentate. L. 5-5}

On the broom (Sarothamnus scoparius) and the furze (Ulex noes a ; in
local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Plumstead, Charlton, Gravesend, Wey-
bridge, Bearsted, Coombe Wood ; Brandon, Suffolk ; Hastings ; ; Brighton ; Shirley
Warren, Southampton ; New Forest, Lyndhurst, &e. ; Bournemouth; Glanvilles

Wootton ; South Wales ; Scarborough ; Liverpool district. The species has very much
' the. general appearance ‘of Sitones regensteinensis..

PHYLLOBIWS, Schonherr.

This genus contains more than a hundred species, of which more than
half occur in Europe, and the remainder are chiefly found in Northern
Asia; a few also have been described from India, Ceylon, Abyssinia,
Chili, &c., but they form an exceedingly small proportion ; P. calcaratus
has occurred in Canada ; they are very closely allied to Polydrusus in
general appearance and habits, but may be distinguished by not having
the scrobes curved and deflexed, very short and nariform; the an-

‘tennz are long or rather long, with the last joints of the funiculus
usually round ; the thorax is transverse, or about as long as broad; the
femora are usually, but not always, strongly toothed, and the tarsi “have
the first joint for the most part elongate ; in the males of many species,
according to M. Bedel, the second ventral segment of the abdomen is
raised in a transverse fold, which is contiguous to the posterior margin,
and the female has sometimes a fovea on the last segment.

The British species may be distinguished as follows :—

‘I. Femora strongly toothed.
i, Elytra’ without scales, but with distinct long pu-
bescence ; colour of body black with brown elytra
(Nemoicus, Beep, ee . « . . .° P. optoneaus, L.
Ere. Gane Sin ae endian t
1 th narrow es no a D
nt raised pubescence. ppere
A. Posterior tibie not compressed and carinate
on their external border; eyes moderately
prominent.
a. Legs reddish or reddish-testaceous; scales
of elytra yellowish green, longer and
thinner ; last joints of funiculus of an-
tennz considerably longer than broad . P. catcaratus, F,
b. Legs dark, more or less clothed with
ei seales ; scales of elytra bright green

204 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Phyllobius,

or golden green, shorter and thicker ; last
joints of funiculus of antenne ony, slightly _
Jonger than broad. . . . . - «;« JP. Wetidm, Des G,
(alneti, ¥.)
B. All the tibia compressed and carinate on
their outer edge ; scales of elytra coppery . . P. Pyri, L.
2. Elytra with round scales and distinct additional
raised pubescence.
A. Elytra with long erect hairs ; antennz en-
tirely yellowish-red . . . P. arerntatus, L.
B. Elytra with very short erect hairs ; "antenna
with apex of scape and at least base of club
dark . 5 . . « P. MAcuUnIcoRNIS, Germ,
II, Femora not or very indistinctly toothed.
i. Upper surface thickly covered with scales.
1. Abdomen thickly covered with scales; average :
size larger . . . P. pomonz, Ol.
2, Abdomen with fine ‘pubescence but without, or
almost without, scales, shining black; average
size smaller. 5 <0) 6 1c). 2" RRA ORD ERR ES VEDI ene
(uniformis, Marsh.)
ii. Elytra without scales, shining black ; thorax with
the sides clothed with green scales. . . . . . P, VIRIDICOLLIS, F.

P. oblongus, L. Oblong, black, with the elytra castaneous brown,
clothed with long greyish pubescence ; antenne and legs red, club of
the former darker; head distinctly punctured, rostrum with the apex
rufous; thorax with the sides slightly rounded, coarsely punctured,
with an obsolete smooth raised line in middle ; elytra with strong and
regular punctured striz, lighter or darker castaneous brown, sometimes
with the lateral margin black or dusky, legs rather long. L. 43-5 mm.

‘Male with the anterior tibiz armed with rather a strong hook, and the
first and second ventral segments of the abdomen slightly impressed.

On elms and apple trees, &c.; also on low shrubs, in hedges, &c. ; generally
distributed and common throughout the greater part of England aud Wales ; Scot-
land, local, on bushes, Solway, “Moray and probably other districts; Ireland, Dublin,
Belfast, Armagh and probably common,

P. calcaratus, F. (glaucus, Scop. ; cvsius, Steph. ; pyrt, Steph. nec
L.). A large and conspicuous species, oblong, elongate, subparallel,
black, clothed with long and narrow, filiform, yellowish-green or golden
scales ; head rather long, with an obsolete impression between the
antenns ; antenne red, fuscous towards apex ; thorax about as long as
broad with the sides rounded and widened in middle; elytra long,
much broader at base than thorax, with fine punctured striz, interstices
broad, apex with short outstanding hairs; legs red, with the tarsi, and
sometimes femora, pitchy ; apical external angle of posterior tibiz cut off
obliquely ; abdomen with long thin pubescence. L. 7-10 mm.

Male with the apex of the anal segment of the abdomen subtruncate.

On alders ; also on various bushes, in hedges, &e. ; locally common ; it appears to
be generally ‘distributed throughout England; Scotland, common, Solway, Tay, Dee,
and probably other districts ; Ireland, near Dublin, and most likely widely distributed.

Phyllobius. | RHYNCHOPHORA., 205

- BP, urtice, De G. (alneti, F.). Oblong-with the elytra on an average
broader, more convex, and less parallel than in the preceding species,
thickly clothed with silky golden green or bright green scales which are
densef on the elytra; eyes prominent; thorax with sides rounded ;
elytra with faint punctured striz; antenne dark, ferruginous at base ;
legs entirely black, with greenish scales; apical external margin of
posterior tibie curved; abdomen with short close pubescence.
L. 73-9 mm.

Male with the fifth ventral segment of the abdomen broadly and very
slightly impressed in middle, with the posterior margin very slightly
emarginate. ;

On nettles ; common and generally distributed throughout the kingdom,

P. pyri, L. (vespertinus, F., mutus, Gyll.). Oblong, black, clothed
with scattered narrow golden coppery, coppery, or greenish coppery
scales; head thickly and rugosely punctured, antenne red, with the
club usually darker; thorax with the sides strongly rounded, depressed
in front and behind; scutellum with white scales ; elytra much broader
than thotax, subparallel, acuminate at apex, with delicate punctured
strie ; legs red, tarsi more or less pitchy, femora clavate, sometimes
pitchy at apex; the colour of the upper surface is very variable, and,
except in quite fresh specimens, has a very abraded appearance.
L. 5-7 mm. )

Male with the first ventral segment of abdomen impressed, and the
second with a transverse fold behind.

On whitethorn, young trees in woods, nettles, &ce.; generally distributed and common
throughout the greater part of England and Scotland, and probably Ireland.

P. argentatus, L. Oblong, subparallel, very thickly clothed with
shining golden green round scales, intermingled with erect pale hairs ;
scrobes converging behind on rostrum ; head oblong; antenne slender, with
the seeond joint of the funiculus longer than the first, and the club elon-
gate, entirely reddish testaceous ; eyes large, moderately prominent; thorax
_ with the sides rounded, impressed in front and behind ; elytra with fine
punctured strie, interstices broad and flat ; femora clavate, dark, with
green scales, tibiz and tarsi reddish testaceous. L. 4-55 mm.

Male with the thorax more dilated at sides, and the anterior tibie
armed with a rather strong hook.

Female with the thorax scarcely dilated at sides, and the rostrum
channelled before antenne. .

On young birches, oaks, &c., in woods, also in whitethorn hedges ; common and
generally distributed throughout the kingdom. ;

RP. maculicornis, Germ. Very like the preceding, tut easily
distinguished by having the scales smaller and duller, and the antenne
with the apex of scape and at least the base of the club dark ; the eyes
are a little more prominent, the antenne shorter, and the scrobes are less

206 RHYNOHOPHORA, [Phyllobius.

convergent on the rostrum; the elytra have the erect hairs very. short,

and the legs are black with greenish scales. L, 4-53 mm. ren
Male with the fifth ventral segment of the abdomen subtruncate ab
apex; anterior tibie furnished with a rather large hook. Sia cunts

‘On young oak, hazel, &., in hedges ; by sweeping herbage on the borders of woods,
&e.; not uncommon and generally distributed throughout England and Scotland, and
probably Ireland ; it is, however, far less common than the preceding species, and is
rather local. :

A variety occurs in which the scales are entirely of a deep grey colour,
so that the insect appears to be of a drab colour with no admixture of green —
whatever ; I have met with it in Bretby Wood, near Repton ; it appears
to answer to the var. cinereipennis of the follows species, and may be
called var. cinereus.

P. pomone, Ol. Black, with both the upper and under surface
thickly clothed with green or yellowish-green scales; head oblong,
antenne rather long, red ; thorax with the sides very slightl eae i
elytra with the apex acuminate, with fine punctured stria ; legs
ferruginous, sometimes with the femora darker. L. 3-44 mm. .

Male with the anterior tibize armed with a small hook. =

Female with the fifth ventral segment rather deeply and broadly im-

ressed.,
On young trees, in woods and hedges; often by sweeping herbage ; somewhat
local, but common where it occurs, and widely distributed throughout England and
Scotland, and probably Ireland,

V. cinereipennis, Gyll. In this variety the scales are dull grey ; 3 it
is rather rare, but Dr. Sharp has taken it commonly at Aberlady.

P. viridizeris, Laich. (uniformis, Marsh). Allied to the preceding,
but on an average smaller and easily distinguished by having the abdomen
shining black, pubescent, but without, or almost without scales; the
thorax has the sides more strongly rounded, and the elytra are. less
acuminate at apex ; the female has no fovea on the anal segment of the
abdomen ; legs moderate ; femora pitchy black, with green scales, tibic
and tarsi testaceous. L. 22 3-33 mm.

Male with the second ventral segment furnished with a transverse
raised fold behind ; in the preceding species it is simple.

On nettles; in woods, hedges, &c. (on hawthorns, sloe bushes, &c.) ; common and
generally distributed throughout the country.

A variety occurs with the scales greyish ; it has been taken in Scot-
land ; it may be called v. griseus; varieties also rarely occur with the
scales blue-green.

P. viridicollis, F. Black, shining; head rather large, thickly and
rugosely punctured, sparingly ‘eloghed with greenish hair-like scales ;
antenne rather short and stout, ferruginous; thorax with the sides
rounded, strongly and rugosely punctured, sides rather thickly clothed

Phyllobius.] RHYNCHOPHORA. -207

with greenish hair-like scales with which also the under side and femora
are covered ; elytra smooth and shining with coarsely and deeply punc-
tured striz, acuminate at apex; abdomen with the scales more sparing
than on breast ; femora black, tibie and tarsi ferruginous. L. 3-4}

mm.
Male with the anterior tibie armed with a distinct hook.

On flowers of Hieracium, Alchemilla, Artemisia maritima, and by general sweep-
ing; local; not recorded from the London district ; Yarmbduth; Devil’s Ditch,
Cambridgeshire; Matlock; Dove Dale; Cleethorpes; York; Clitheroe; Hartle-
pool ; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, local, on Alchemilla, Solway,
Forth, Tay and Dee districts. With regard to the genus the Rev. W. C. Hey
writes to me as follows: ‘* My father and I took the whole genus (nine.species) one
spring in the field below our house at Clifton, York; Crotch named them; he was

with us at the time.”
= TANYMECINA. ~
This tribe is represented in Europe by five or six genera and about
eighty species; only one genus, however, comprising one species, is
found in Britain; the tribe may be known by the free tarsal claws taken
in conjunction with the fact that the thorax is furnished with long
hairs at the sides behind the eyes.

| TANYMECUS, Schénherr.

. A rather large number of species are comprised in this genus, which
is widely distributed over the greater part of the world; twenty-one
species oceur in Europe, of which one only is widely distributed ; it is
the sole representative found in Norway and Sweden, France and
Britain ; it is a rather large, elongate, somewhat depressed, insect, with
the rostrum short and broad, the antennz long, and the eyes depressed;
the scrobes are obsolete behind ; the thorax is longer than broad, smb-
cylindrical; the elytra are somewhat acuminate at apex, and the tibie
os apagaeine at apex; it is found on various members of the thistle
tribe.

T. palliatus, F. Elongate, not very convex, black, clothed with
fuscous pilose hairs and scales, and with light greyish-white scales on
rostrum, at sides of thorax and elytra and on the under side; rostrum
flat and broad ; thorax oblong, closely sculptured ; elytra at base much
broader than thorax, with the shoulders strongly marked, and with fine,
but rather deep and plainly punctured, striw; legs moderate, black,
with grey pubescence, fringe at apical external angle of intermediate
and posterior tibia rather long and divided. L. 8-11 mm.

Male with the middle of the abdomen very slightly impressed, the
aaree tibiz sinuate on their inner side at apex and armed with a small

ook.

Female with the abdomen convex and even, and the anterior tibiz
scarcely sinuate. r

208 RHYNCHOPHORA. [| Tanymecus.

On burdocks, thistles, nettles, &c. ; local ; London district, rather common; Darenth
Wood, Forest Hill, Chatham, Sheerness, Birch Wood, Epping, Walthamstow, Clay-
gate, Horsell, Bushey, Tottenham, Reigate, &c.; Bottisham, Cambridge; Cromer ;
Pegwell Bay (common but extremely local, under stones on the shore) ; Hastings ;
Shipley; Winchester ; Portsmouth district ; Hayling; Isle of Wight ; New Forest ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Bristol; Swansea; Banks of Wye; I know of no record from
the Midland counties, but it probably occurs; York ; Scarborough; Lancaster ;
Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, rare, Solway district only.

PHILOPEDINA (Cneorrhinina, pars.).

This tribe contains six European genera, the nomenclature of which
is somewhat confused, as the majority of the species have been referred
to the genus Creorrhinus ; this latter genus, however, contains only two
species, C. barcelonicus and OC. Heydeni, and the two British species
must be referred respectively to Philopedon and Atactogenus ; the tribe
has by some authors been included unler the Otiorrhynchina, from
which it differs by the formation of the side pieces of the mesosternum ;
from the Phyllobiina it may be known by the short oval convex elytra,
which are almost subglobose, and the short metasternum.

I. Apical external angle of anterior tibiae strongly pro-

dace. 6s oe Sacela epithe leac war allen Spann) et GUO ise ir nie na

II. Apical external angle of anterior tibize not produced . AvTAcToGENus, Towrn.

PHILOPEDON, Stephens (Dactylorrhinus, Tournier ;
Cneorrhinus, pars. auct.).

The genus Cneorrhinus, to which the species contained under this and
the preceding tribe have been referred by many authors, contains about
thirty species which are widely distributed, representatives occurring in
Europe, South Africa, Northern China, Japan, &c.; these have, how-
ever, been divided into several fresh genera, and in the last European
catalogue Cneorrhinus contains only the two species, O. barcelonicus and
C. Heydeni, whereas our common species, C. geminatus, F., is referred
to the Dactylorrhinus of Tournier. Bedel, however, rightly revives the
name Philopedon of Stephens ; the genus is characterized, as Stephens
says (Ill. iv. 124), by the remarkable rotundity of its elytra, as com-
pared with its short transverse thorax ; the rostrum is broad, short,
channelled, and divided from the head, as it were, by a transverse
suture ; the eyes are very prominent, and the posterior pairs of tibiz
have a distinct tuft at their heel ; the antenne are rather short and the
scrobes angularly deflexed; in Philopedon proper the external angle of
the anterior tibiee is strongly produced.

P. geminatus, F. Black, thickly clothed with fuscous-grey scales,
which are lighter on head, at base and sides of thorax and on alternate
lines on the elytra ; upper surface with short erect ashy hairs; head
broad, eyes prominent, forehead somewhat depressed ; antenne ferru-

i ad —

Philopedon.] RHYNCHUPHORA, 209

ginous or pitchy red ; thorax transverse, short, finely and rugosely punc-
tate, with the sides moderately rounded; elytra subglobose, with fine
punctured striz, interstices very closely sculptured; legs pitchy,
clothed with grey scales; size and shgee, Sarge of the lighter scales very
variable, L. 4-73 mm.

Sandy places on the coast; very common near the sea, but, as a rule, not an
inland species; generally distributed throughout the kingdom and, as a rule,
common; Dr. Sharp records it as common in Scotland as far north as the Shetland
Islands ; it is not altogether confined to the sea-coast, as Mr. Blatch has-taken it at
Kidderminster and Bewdley, but it appears to be very rare at any distance from the
maritime counties.

ATACTOGENUS, Tournicr.

This genus comprises eighteen European species ; the single British
representative is very like Philopedon geminatus, from which it may be
known by not having the apical external angle of the anterior tibis
produced ; it is also somewhat more elongate, with the sculpture of the
thorax and the striz of the elytra evidently stronger.

A. exaratus, Marsh (plumbeus, Marsh). Oblong, pitch-brown or
fuscous-black, clothed with round scales which vary very much in
colour from greyish to brownish, and are sometimes uniform and some-
times furnished with lighter bands; head broad, eyes very prominent,
antenne pitchy, with the second joint of the funiculus as long as the
third and fourth united ; thorax short, narrowed in front, closely sculp-
tured ; elytra oval, with distinct punctured strie; legs fuscous; size
very variable; in the female the elytra are more ample and the anal
segment of the abdomen is subtriangular. L. 5-9 nm.

On young trees in woods, hedges, &c.; occasionally by sweeping herbage; local ;
Darenth Wood, Chislehurst, Woking, Shirley, Claygate, Caterham, Coombe Wood,
Birch Wood, Barnes, Hampstead, Horsell, Esher, Lee, Weybridge, Westerham, West
Wickham ; Bottisham, Cambridge ; Hythe ; Hastings; Devon; Swansea ; Bewdley ;
Bridgnorth ; Burton-on-Trent ; Sherwood Forest; Lancaster ; Cumberland ; North-
umberland and Durham district; not recorded from Scotland; Ireland, Armagh
(Johnson).

BARYNOTINA.

This tribe, containing the genus Barynotus, has been included by
different authors with the Otiorrhynchina and the Philopedina, from the
former of which it differs by the formation of the side pieces of the
mesosternum, while from the latter it may be known by the free tarsal
claws and general shape; it appears to be most closely related to the
Alophina, but differs in the formation of the apex of the hind tibia,
and the longer scape of the antennz; the cicatrix, moreover, at the apex
of the rostrum is large and very distinct.

/VOL. V. P

210 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Barynotus.

BARYNOTUWS, Germar (Mericnus, Stephens).

This genus contains only about a dozen species, which, with one or
two exceptions, are all found in Europe; B. Schénherri has been taken
in NewfoundJand, and Say has described another North American
species, B. granulatus; the latter, however, is not noticed by Leconte
and Horn in their classification, and B. Schénherri may have been an
importation, so that Bedel is most likely right in regarding the genus
as confined to Europe; the species are attached chiefly to cold and
mountainous districts ; they are rather large insects, with the upper
surface more or less thickly clothed with scales, which are usually grey
or brownish, but sometimes more or less metallic; the rostrum is broad,
dilated at apex, with a strong central furrow and well-marked very
obtusely deflexed scrobes; eyes depressed ; thorax about*as long as
broad, with a more or less distinct central furrow; elytra variable, with
punctured striz, strongly deflexed and more or less acuminate at apex ;
femora not toothed.

The three British species may be distinguished as follows :—

I. Rostrum with one furrow; head and thorax more
shining and much less thickly squamose than the
elytra, which are subparallel.
i. Scales of elytra denser, not or scarcely metallic,
grey and brown, obscurely variegated . . . . . B. opscurus, F.
ii. Scales of elytra less deuse, distinctly metallic,
scarcely variegated . . . . B. ScH6nnERRI, Zett.
II. Rostrum with five furrows ; head, thorax and elytra
uniformly and thickly covered with dull grey scales,
the latter dilated behind. . . . . . . . . . B. ELEvatus, Marsh.
(merens, auct. nec F.)

B. obscurus, F. (murinus, Miill.). Pitchy black, clothed with
obscurely variegated scales, which are comparatively scanty on the head
and thorax, and very scanty on the rostrum; rostrum with a strong
longitudinal groove and oblong rugose punctures; thorax punctured
anteriorly, with the sides and hinder portion obsoletely granulated,
nearly as long as broad, with the sides rounded, broadest a little before
middle; elytra with fine punctured striw, interstices thickly and finely
coriaceous, the alternate ones and the suture behind slightly elevated,
with erect cinereous sete, which are conspicuous towards apex ; legs
black, with the tibiz and tarsi sometimes ferruginous. L, 83-10 mm.

The female appears to be broader than the male, with the sides of the
elytra more rounded

Under stones, at roots of grass, in moss, flood refuse, &c.; rather common and
generally distributed throughout England and Wales; Scotland, not very common,
Solway, Dee and Moray, and probably all the southern districts ; Ireland, New-
castle, Waterford, Armagh, and most likely general.

B. Schonherri, Zett. Very like the preceding, but, on an average,
a little smaller, with the scales less variegated and plainly metallic,

i aati gegen,

Barynotus. } RHYNCHOPHORA, 211

almost, if not quite, wanting on rostrum, very scanty on thorax ; thorax
more evidently punctured, with the sides straighter and less rounded ;
elytra with the shoulders more pronounced, L. 8-9 mm,

Found under the same circumstances as the preceding ; local, but common in many
northern localities} Manchester district, general (Chappell) ; Heysham, near Lan-
caster (Reston) ; Northumberland and Durham district, of occasional occurrence in
meadows, &c. (Bold) ; Scotland, rather common in flood refuse, Solway, Forth, Tay,
Dee and Shetland districts, and probably general; Ireland, Newcastle (Champion)
and Armagh (Johnson).

B. elevatus, Marsh (merens, auct. nec F.). Fuscous-pitchy,
thickly clothed with dull unicolorous grey scales ; rostrum squamose,
with a deep central furrow and two oblique shorter ones on each side;
thorax slightly transverse, with the sides moderately rounded ; elytra
dilated behind, with rather strongly punctured striz, alternate inter-
stices and apex of suture elevated, fifth and sixth strie united near
shouldeys, raised sete rather fine ; legs black, tibie and tarsi pitchy ;
the antenne are, as a rule, pitchy, but are sometimes ferruginous and
the legs rufo-piceous. L. 73-9 mm.

Under stones, in moss, flood refuse, &c. ; also by sweeping among bracken ; local,
and as a rule not common; London district, not common, St. Mary Cray, Chisle-
hurst ; Aylsham, Norfolk; Suffolk; Littlington, Cambridge; Folkestone; Devon;
Bath ; Bristol; Gloucester; Knowle, near Birmingham; Swansea; Llandudno;
Amlwch, Anglesea; Bretby Wood, Repton (common by sweeping among bracken in
early summer); Leyburn, Yorks; Manchester district, general ; Heysham; North-

umberland and Durham district ; Scotland, rather common in flood refuse, Solway,
Tweed and Forth districts; Ireland, near Dublin, frequent, Armagh, &c.

ALOPHINA.

The two genera included by Bedel under this tribe, Alophus and
Rhytidoderes, are placed by Heyden Reitter and Weise under the section
Rhynchenite in the Hyperina and Cleonina respectively ; their position
therefore appears to be somewhat in dispute ; they are, however, closely
allied to the Barynotina, from which they ditfer in the characters
before referred to; one genus only, represented by one species, occurs
in Britain.

ALOPHUS, Schoénherr.

This genus contains about twenty species, of which the greater
number are found in Northern Asia ; five occur in Europe, and one or
two have been found in North America and Egypt ; our single species,
in general appearance, much resembles a large Hypera- the rostrum is
tather long, with the scrobes much deflexed and almost meeting below ;
the antenne are somewhat slender, with the first two joints of the
funiculus nearly equal; the thorax is subquadrate or slightly transverse,
and the second abdominal segment is at least as long as the next two

: r2

212 RIYNCHOPHORA, [Alophus.

together; it may at once be distinguished by the large common V-shaped
patch at the apex of the elytra.

A. triguttatus, F. Oblong-ovate, somewhat variable in form,
upper surface covered with grey, yellowish-brown or brown scales
(which in fresh specimens are often more or less metallic, especially on
head and thorax), mixed with fine hairs, usually more or less variegated
with small dark patches on the elytra, which are furnished with a
lighter spot on each before middle and a broad V-shaped common pateh
before apex ; rostrum with a central furrow ; thorax rather longer than
broad, with the sides subparallel, in fresh specimens with. bands of
lighter scales at sides; elytra broadly emarginate at base, with very
fine, more or less obsolete, strie ; legs pitchy, tarsi and tibie ferruginous,
anterior femora not toothed. L. 7-8 mm.

Male with the body behind thorax oblong and the base of the abdomen
with a broad impression; female with the body behind thorax sub-
cordiform and the base of abdomen without impression. 8

Sandy and chalky places; under stones, and in moss, flood refuse, &c.; not un-
common, and generally distributed throughout England; Scotland, on herbage, often
abundant in flood refuse, Solway, Moray, and probably many other districts ; it is

most likely widely distributed in Ireland ; in my experience it is never abundant but
occurs singly in various localities, under stones, on pavements, &e.

Sus-Fam. Curculionine.

This sub-family contains by far the great majority of the Rhyncho-
phora and is made up of very divergent and heterogeneous forms, many
of which exhibit relationships to other families ; they are, however, all
connected by the fact that the mandibles have no scar or cicatrix at the
anterior external angle of the rostrum, a point which will separate them
from all the Brachyrrhinine; from the Apionine, which are by many
authors included in the sub-family, they may (with the exception of
Nanophyes) be distinguished by the formation of the trochanters, and
from the Attelabine by the geniculated antenne,* rounded intermediate
coxee, and the fact that the projection of the first ventral segment is,
except in Lixus, obtuse or truncate, whereas in the last mentioned sub-
family it is always acuminate,

The following characters may be noticed besides those just mentioned ;
mentum varying in size, maxille exposed, palpi short, four-jointed,
rigid and conieal; rostrum variable, but usually long and more or less
slender, sometimes of varying length in the sexes, in which case it is
longest in the female, scrobes entirely or almost entirely lateral with the
apical portion occasionally visible from above (Hylobius) ; eyes variable,
as a rule depressed, sometimes very convex (Anthonomina), round or
almond-shaped ; antenne with the club annulated or articulated ; pro-
sternum longer or shorter before anterior eoxe, which are either con-

* In Cleonus, Rhamphus and Magdalis the antenne are only feebly geniculate,
but in the other genera this character is strongly marked,

Come fae
t

Cureulionine.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 213

tiguous orseparate and in the latter case often have the interval between
them channelled for the reception of the rostrum ; mesosternum variable
in width with the epimera and episterna differently divided, but not attain-
ing the coxz, epimera in some tribes extended into the angle between
thorax and elytra and with their extremity visible from above: anterior
coxe rounded, sometimes contiguous, sometimes distant; middle coxe
rounded, more or less separated ; posterior cox oval, more or less
distant, sometimes placed very far apart (Gronops), occasionally, but not
often, attaining the elytral margin ; legs variable, ambulatorial in most
species, sometimes natatorial (Litodactylus and Eubrychius), sometimes
saltatorial (Orchestes and certain species of Rhinonchus) ; tarsi usually
dilated, with the third joint usually dilated and bilobed and spongy beneath,
rarely narrow ; claws.either connate or free, simple dentate or appen-
diculate, very rarely single (Mononychus).
The larvz of the Curculioninz are white or yellowish-white grubs with the head
pam! Fond oa ; they attack various parts of plants or trees and undergo their trans-
, or in galls formed on their food plants ; some form simple
cocoons on the plants, while a ag e.g. Hylobius, bore galleries in rotten wood and in
these change to the perfect insect
The tribe as here euaihistelbod corresponds to the Curculionides
phanérognathes of Lacordaire with the addition of the genus Sitones,
except that Alophus (and Rhytidoderes in the continental fauna) is
transferred to the Brachyrrhinine, and that Apion is separated and formed
into a distinct sub-family. As M. Bedel observes (l.c. p. 64) the large
number of insects that are comprised in the sub-family and the difiicul-
ties that they present compel the adoption, in the present state of our
knowledge, of an exceptional number of tribes, which must be regarded
as merely provisional ; M. Bedel has contributed in very great measure
to our knowledge of the group, but much yet remains to be esr epee
and the classification will, in the future, be very greatly modified ;
the present work M. Bedel’s tribes are adopted with the addition of
the Smicronychina, which form a transition from the Lizina to the
Erirrhinina.
I. Mandibles inserted side by side on the apex of the rostram and
AL a Oe ee . BALANININA.
II. Mandibles fase l at each side of the rostrum and moving
horizontally.
is ree tibiz without a regular ridge on the central line of
their
1. Tinies withoat eared hook at their apical external angle ;
but either with or without such a hook towards their apical
internal margin.
A. Funiculus of antenne composed of six or seven joints.
a. Posterior cox reaching to the base of the second ventral
segment and dividing the first, which is very short, into
three equal parts ; body globose ; pees a08 pr:
terior coxze very widely separated . - OROBITINA.
b. Posterior coxz not reaching apex of first ventral eeg-
ment, which is not divided into separate parts.

214 RHYNCHOPHORA.

a*, Mandibles thickly punctured and pubescent on their surface,
sharp and without a tooth on their internal edge, and curved
into a sharp hook at apex .

b*, Mandibles glabrous, or rarely furnished with a few patches
of rough hairs, on their upper surface, bilobed at apex or den-

tate on their inner side before apex.
at}. Posterior margin of the second segment of the abdomen
produced at each side and extending over the third segment
to the base of the fourth . .
bt}. Posterior margin of the second segment of the abdomen
distinct in all its extent from the base of the fourth.
at. Epimera of mesosternum not extending between the
thorax and elytra and with its extremity invisible from
above ; anterior coxee usually contiguous.
*, Tarsi without onychium, and terminating at the third
joint, which is strongly dilated . . . 6 2 4 s
**, Tarsi normal, furnished with onychium.
+. Posterior femora strongly thickened and adapted
for leaping ; eyes almost meeting on upper surface
ofhead .
++. Posterior femora not adapted for leaping ; : eyes
widely separated on upper surface of head.
. Tarsal claws connate.

+ oe Eyes widely separated beneath by the rostrum .

which is stout and, as a rule, nearly as wide as
head ; tibiz armed with a large hook or tooth at
apex; sizelarge . . .
bb*. Eyes almost meeting beneath rostrum, which is
slender, or comparatively slender, and much
narrower than head ; tibie armed with a small
tooth ; size small or very small . . . 2. + +
shy Tarsal claws free.
aa*, Eyes extremely prominent ; tarsal claws almost
alwaysappendiculate . .
bb*. Eyes not or scarcely prominent ; “tarsal claws
not appendiculate,
aa}. Surface of thorax uneven and in places exca-
vate ; eyes vertical; uppersurface scaly . .
bb}. Su: face of thorax smooth or slightly uneven
in front, but not excavate.
aaj. Tarsal claws strongly toothed at base on
their under side"? “26 SS ae
bb}. Tarsal claws simple.
aaa®, Elytra broadlyandseparately rounded at
apex ; anterior coxee narrowly separate.
bbb*. Elytra jointly rounded or separately
acuminate at apex; anterior coxa
contiguous.
aaut. Third joint of tarsi very short be-
hind base of onychium, strongly
bilobed.
aaat. Posterior tibie without or witha
very obsolete hook at apex; ros-
trum not carinate; trochanters
without a long projecting seta
bbb}. Posterior tibize with a more or less
strong hook or spur at apex;

[Curculionine

SITONINA,

TYCHIINA,

ANOPLINA,

ORCHESTINA.

LIXINA,

SMICRONYCHINA,

ANTHONOMINA,.
GRONOPINA.

ELLESCHINA.

ACALYPTINA.

HYPERINA.

el eee

Curculionine. | RHYNCHOPHORA.

rostrum usually carinate; trochanters nearly always
furnished with a long projecting seta.
aaaa*, Onychium not extending beyond the lobes of
the third tarsal joint; species very small, sub-
CEM PANN GTS) Bile 6, ae (48 ce) ee
bbbb*. Onychium extending considerably beyond the
lobes of the third tarsal joint ; insects of moderate
’ or large size.

aaaat. Opening of scrobes visible in front if viewed
- from above; rostrumstout .......
bbbbt. Opening of scrobes not visible from above ;
rostrum longandslender . .......
bbb. Third joint of tarsi long behind base of onychiam
truncate or emarginate at apex, rarely slightly
bilobed ; * insects aquatic or sub-aquatic, usually fur-
nished with a hydrofuge tegument. . . .. .
bt. Epi of mesosternum extending between thorax
elytra, and with its extremity visible from above;

anterior coxze usually separated (p. 214, line 12).
*, Tibize without a curved hook at their apical internal
angle; tarsal claws often appendiculate; body
behind thorax usually short and broad and often
subglobose; upper surface, as a rule, strongly
_ Squamose - . - s + + ¢ we + tw ww
**, Tibiw with a strong curved hook at their apical
internal angle; tarsal claws simple; body oblong,
and as a rule qo S eerk
B. Funiculus of antennez composed of five joints.
a. Abdomen with segments 2-4 produced into a point
ae er ee
b. Abdomen with segments 2-4 straight or regularly
~ curved at apex . . * . .* . . . . . * . .
2. Tibiz with a curved hook at their apical external angle ;
abdomen with segments 2-4 straight on their apical
A. peers abruptly geniculate; anterior coxe# more or

ted.

a. Prosternum deeply channelled between the anterior
coxee for the reception of the rostrum .... .
b. Prosternum not channelled.
a*, Femora strongly toothed ; upper surface furnished
with broad raised claviform scale-like hairs. . .
b*. Femora not toothed.
af. Under surface of body uniformly clothed with
scales ; third tarsal joint very strongly bilobed ;
pygidium of male divided . . . . » «+ « «
bf. Under surface of body glabrous or almost
glabrous ; third joint of tarsi smaller and less
strongly bilobed; pygidium of both sexes un-
= divided * . . . . . . . .
B. Antennz feebly geniculate; anterior coxe con-
tiguous e

Ld . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

215

TANYSPHYRINA.

CURCULIONINA.

ERIRRHININA.

BAGOINA.

CEUTHORRHYNCHINA.

BARINA.

CLONINA,

GYMNETRINA,

CRYPTORRHYNCHINA.

TRACHODINA.

PISSODINA.

COSSONINA,.

MAGDALINA,

_ * The third joint of-the tarsi is rather short and slightly bilobed in Bagous lutosus,
Gyll., and B. glabrirostris, Herbst., which must therefore be regarded us to a certain

extent exceptions.

216 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Curculionine.

ii. Anterior tibie with a regular ridge running along the
entire central line of their posterior margin; club of
antenne smooth at base ; thorax ~“s rong ; i of elytra
with a membranous border wired + « « OALANDRINA.

SITONINA.

This tribe has usually been regarded as belonging to the Otiorrhyn-
chine, and has been classed with the Brachyderina or Phyllobiina: it
must, however, be regarded as belonging to the sub-family Curculionine,
although it is in some respects transitionary ; it contains only one genus,
Sitones, which differs from all the other tribes by the structure of the
mandibles, which are thickly punctured and pubescent on their surface,
sharp and without a tooth on their internal edge and curved into a
sharp hook at apex; the rostrum is short and broad ; certain of the
species are exceedingly destructive to various leguminous crops.

SITONES, Schonherr.

This genus, according to the Munich catalogue, contains about eighty
species, of which the majority occur in Europe, but a considerable
number are found in North Africa, Northern Asia, North America,
Mexico, &c.: according to Bedel, however, several of the North
American species are re-described European species, which have been
perhaps imported, and he reckons the number of known species at about
sixty; fifty-two species, however, are recorded as European in the
catalogue of Heyden Reitter and Weise ; nineteen have been regarded as
British, but two of these, §. longicollis, Fahr., and S. cinerascens, Fahr.,
are only varieties of S. flavescens, Marsh, and 8. cambricus, ‘Steph.,
respectively ; they are small, elongate, insects, clothed with more or
less variegated grey, brown, whitish or sometimes slightly metallic
scales, and in many instances so closely resemble one another that it is
* very hard to distinguish them by descriptions ; good characters, however,
are afforded by the relative prominence of the eyes, the shape of the
thorax and elytra and the presence or absence of erect hairs and sete on
the elytra; the colour is sometimes constant but sometimes varies con-
siderably in the same species; the males are usually smaller and
narrower than the females and present certain differences in the apical
segment of the abdomen.

The species are gregarious and many of them are exceedingly abun-
dant in different localities; they live on various Papilionacee, and
occasionally do considerable damage to clover, peas, beans, &c.; there
are apparently two broods in each year, but very little is known of
their true life history ; the most destructive is S. lineatus, which may
sometimes be found on peas by countless thousands ; a description of
its ravages is given by Curtis (Farm Insects, p. 346, Plate L.); S
crinitus is occasionally injurious, but is much rarer; the beetles are
said by Curtis and others to feed only by day, when the sun is bright,

Sitones.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 217

but the Rev. T. Wood has found them feeding by night in large numbers ;
the attacked crops may be known by having the leaves eaten and
notched at the edge ; an account of various remedies suggested will be
found in Miss Ormerod’s Manual of Injurious Insects, p. 133; the ae
crops suffer most in their early stages; the best method, therefore, to
prevent the loss of the crop is to ensure as quick a growth as possible,
and this may be done by providing “‘ a good seed bed, friable, sufficiently
moist, and rich in available plant-food, which may be obtained to a
certain extent by peas following cabbage or root crops in rotation; in
garden cultivation, besides the liberal supply of manure needed to run
on a healthy growth, it has been found to answer well to puta little
broken turf and wood ashes along the drill, sow the peas on this, and
_ cover them with a little more of the same”; a good depth of coal ashes,

placed at sowing time“along the drills on a clayey loam, has been found
to answer well; the attacks are worst in dry weather; it is evident,
therefore, that keeping the plants damp is distasteful to the beetles and
encourages healthy growth ; a dressing of lime or soot given to the wet
plants is an easily applied and generally effective remedy.

The British species may to a certain extent be distinguished by the

following table, but a careful study of the detailed descriptions, and, if

possible, a comparison of authentic types, is necessary, if they are to ‘be
determined with any accuracy.

I. Seutellum very conspicuous, with two white tufts
Dt ee atreretas ekiy corrals lyin
3 serobes feebly curved; elytra
poaags with the Soeaats interstices subconvex ;
PCE SOUR g 6 sk SIO Made Cacis ee S. eriseus, F.
II. Scutelium not conspicuous and not appearing
emarginate in front; scrobes more stronglycurved.
i. Elytra, if viewed sideways, with very distinct
raised seta.
1. Thorax very closely punctured, convex and
arched, forming a distinct angle with the ely-
traif viewed sideways, sides strongly rounded;
eyes prominent ; outstanding sete very long. S. REGENSTEINENSIS, Herbst.
2. Thorax not convex and arched, almost on the
same level with the elytra.
A. Eyes flat; thorax with large diffuse pune-
tures and with the sides moderately kia
rounded ... . Rats SERS Aa S HISPIDULUs, F.
B. Eyes very prominent; thorax coarsely punc-
tured, eich the sides slightly rounded.
a. Apex of scrobes plainly visible if viewed
from above; “punctuation of thorax
coarser; scales of elytra very narrow;
By extremely prominent. . ... - S. Wareragovusel, Walt.

very prominent, but less so
rood ape preceding species. . . « « S. crrnitus, Herbst.

18 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Sitones,

ii, Elytra, if viewed sideways, with fine raised

sete or hair-, which are more or less depressed

towards apex, but are distinct from the general
pubescence,

1. Sides of elytra narrowed from middle to base ;
prevailing colour of scales brownish. . . . S. LINEELLUS, Gyll.

2. Sides of elytra parallel; prevailing colour of

scales grey or silver grey.
A. Thorax as long as broad; eyes more pro-
minent 4 . 6 « »& + « «© « 6s & S.xvrpranms, Herbst.
B. Thorax broader than long ; eyes less pro-
minent . . « +» « « « « « « « « & BREVICOLLIS, Schonh.
iii. Elytra without raised sete or hairs distinct
from the general pubescence.

1. Eyes very prominent ; thorax with the sides
strongly rounded and dilated, and with ,
the sculpture consisting of large coarse punc-
tures, and very closely punctured interspaces S,. camBricus, Steph.

o V. cinerascens, Fahr.
2. Eyes not or not strongly prominent; thorax
with the sides nearly straight or at most
moderately rounded.
A. Forehead deeply excavate from eye to eye.
a. Breast pubescent; side pieces of meso-
and metasternum squamose; size smaller ;
scales somewhat coppery . . . . . . 8S, sULCIFRONS, Thunb.
b. Breast and side pieces of meso- and
metasternum with the same clothing;
size larger; scales dull brown and grey-
ish, with a light patch at shoulders of
elytra . . . + 6 + + « © « « « §, HUMERALIs, Steph.
B. Forehead not, or only slightly, excavated.
a, Thorax with the anterior margin distinctly
raised.
a*, Thorax with the sides moderately .
rounded and the eyes rather promi-
Ment y= 55 Ge ser See ole
b*, Thorax with the sides nearly straight,
and the eyes flat.
at. Upper surface with the scales more
or less distinctly coppery, elytra with
a light band along suture . . . . S. SUTURALIS, Steph.
b+. Upper surface with dull scales,
elytra without light band along su-

S. tingatus, LZ.

ture . 0 + otimesel 4. Ceiipnte lh pa ONONEDIA, DAAND.
b, Thorax with the anterior margin not, or
° scarcely, raised.

a*, Rostral furrow ceasing just before or

between eyes, sometimes absent and

replaced, by a puncture or stria; :

length6mm. . . . + +. + + 8S, PUNOTICOLLIs, Steph.
b*. Rostral furrow continued nearly

to anterior margin of thorzx.
at. Size large; length 5-55 mm.;

upper surface very thickly clothed

with brownish scales, which are

scarcely at all variegated . . . . S. FLAVESCENS, Marsh.

V. longicollis, Fuhr,

Sitones. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 219

b+. Size smaller; length 4-43 mm.;
upper surface comparatively scantily
clothed with ashy-brown scales, which
are more or less variegated . . . . S. MELILOTI, Walt.

S. griseus, F. (palliatus, Ol.). Elongate, black, clothed with fuscous
or brownish scales, with three longitudinal bands of lighter scales on
thorax, and a broad common lighter band running down the suture of
elytra, which are more or less distinctly variegated on each side with
small dark patches; the general colour varies from dark brown to
silvery grey; head long, eyes somewhat prominent, antenne pitchy
with base reddish ; thorax about as long as broad, with sides slightly
rounded, sparingly and moderately strongly punctured ; elytra long,
rather strongly contracted at apex and bluntly acuminate, with strong
punctured strie, and somewhat convex interstices ; underside with thick
whitish scales ; legs rather long, femora banded with white and fuscous
seales. - L. 6-9 mm. :

Sandy places; at roots of Geniste, grass, &c.; locally common in many districts
on the coast, but less common inland, and not recorded from the Midland counties
or any place far distant from the sea; it appears to be generally distributed along
the coasts of England and Wales, but to become scarcer in the north ; Scotland, very
rare, Tay and Moray districts; Dr. Sharp remarks (Scot. Nat. 1879, p. 140), that
the occurrence of this species in Scotland requires confirmation ; Ireland, Baldoyle ;
it has occurred inland at Esher, Ripley (Surrey), Wimbledon and Maidstone.

S. cambricus, Steph. Black or brown, upper surface clothed with
scanty ashy brown scales, and with very short depressed golden brown
ubescence, which, on the elytra, is sometimes variegated with small
patches of dark brown or black, but is often unicolorous ; head rugose,
eyes very prominent, antennz pitchy, with at most the base reddish ;
thorax with the sides strongly rounded and dilated with large scattered
punctures and the interspaces very closely sculptured; elytra with
rather strong punctured striz, interstices very finely coriaceous ; under-
side thickly clothed with ashy scales; legs black. L. 5-6 mm.
Marshyfplaces; at roots of grass and in moss, and occasionally by sweeping herb-
age; local and, as a rule, not common; Lee, Charlton, Ripley, Woking, Barnes,
Shirley, Esher, Plumstead, Hampstead, Horsell, Cowley; Hertford; Hythe ;
Hastings; Lyme Regis; Isle of Wight; Lyndhurst; Plymouth; Exeter; South
Wales; Barmouth; Knowle; Repton, Bretby Wood; Church Stretton and Bollin,
near Bowdon, Cheshire; Pendleton ‘and Bramhall, near Manchester; Yorkshire ;
Scotland, rare, Solway district; Mr. S. Stevens records it as rare but widely dis-
tributed. f
V. cinerascens, Fahr.g. This variety has been by some authors
as a separate species; it cannot, however, be separated from
the type ; it is smaller, less robust, and narrower, with the punctuation
of the upper surface less coarse, the head less furrowed, and the pubes-
cence cioser and longer ; the rostrum is more broadly sulcate, and the
scales of the underside are whiter ; in the specimens I have seen the
antenne are red with the club fuscous. L. 47-55 mm.

220 RHYNCHOPHORA, [Sitones.

Taken by Dr. Power at Rathkurby, near Waterford, Ireland, and recorded by
Dr, Sharp as very rare in Scotland in the Clyde district.

S. regensteinensis, Herbst. A very distinct species, which is
extremely variable in size; black, variegated with coppery or greenish
or greenish-grey scales, which are more thick on head and on sides and
central line of thorax, and are more or less dense on elytra, on whieh
two spaces at base opposite the two dark lines on thorax are usually
more or less denuded; antenne pitchy, with scape red; rostrum and
forehead distinctly sulcate ; thorax convex, about as long as broad,
with sides rounded, closely and deeply punctured, anterior margin

raised ; elytra oval, with rather fine but distinct punctured strie ; inter-

stices flat, with long raised sete ; legs squamose, femora dark, tibie and
tarsi red ; underside thickly squamose. L. 3-6 mm.

On broom and furze in spring and autumn; generally distributed and common
throughout the kingdom,

S. Waterhousei, Walt. Black, sparingly clothed with ashy and
silvery grey scales; head very broad, coarsely punctured, front with
a broad fovea and a broad and deep furrow, eyes very large, semiglobose
and extremely prominent ; antenne testaceous or pitchy towards apex ;
thorax oblong, subcylindrical, slightly dilated at the sides, flat above,
very coarsely and deeply punctured, somewhat rugose, clothed at the
sides and on central line more or less thiekly with scales; elytra with
the shoulders elevated and callose, sides straight, apex obtusely rounded,
with deep punctured strie ; interstices very narrow, convex and rugulose,
the second and fourth from the suture distinctly elevated, and clothed
more or less with cinereous and silvery white scales, raised sete very
distinct behind ; legs ferruginous or pitchy testaceous. L. 43-5 mm.

At the roots of Lotus corniculatus; very local; Claygate (Power); Fairlight,
Hastings (Power) ; Amberley, near Arundel ; Isle of Wight (Blatch) ; New Forest;
‘at one time abundant at Southsea under birds-foot trefoil ; also plentiful at Gosport
(Moncreaff); Chesil Bank, common (J. J. Walker); Seaton, Devon, Jan. 3-10,
1865 (Power); Whitsand Bay, near Plymouth (J. J. Walker); Heysham and Lan-
caster (Reston); Ireland, near Waterford (Power); Walton records it doubtfully
from Cambridge.

S. crinitus, Herbst. (macularius, Marsh). Brownish or reddish
brown, clothed with greyish brown scales which, in fresh specimens,
have .a slight coppery reflection ; head broad, rostrum very short, an-
tenne reddish with elub pitchy ; head and thorax deeply and distinetly
and moderately closely punctured, the latter transverse, with three
lighter longitudinal lines ; elytra with fine punctured strie, variegated
with small black patches, and with very distinct outstanding sete:
femora dark, tibie and tarsi red. L. 3-4 mm.

On broom, clover, peas, &c.; also on tares; local, but generally distributed and
more or Jess common in the London district and on the south coast; Littlington,

Cambridge ; Wicken Fen; Ashwicken ; Llangollen ; rare in the Midlands, Hopwas
Wood, Tamworth (Blatch), being the only locality I know of; Yorkshire, plentiful

{
|

Sitones.] -- RHYNCHOPHORA.. 221

(Walton) ; not recorded from the extreme northern counties of England ; Scotland,
rare, Solway and Forth districts ; Ireland, Baldoyle, and near Belfast. _

Mr. Rye (Ent. Monthly Mag. I., p. 232), makes the following re-
marks regarding this species: ‘‘ Somewhat resembles S. tibialis, but is
lighter in colour, testaceous, and with longer elytra, which are distinctly
clothed with slight erect hairs. The darkest specimens are ochreous
grey, with four broad fuscous lines on the thorax, in a manner con-
tinued on the elytra; the two middle lines forming a broad mark near
the scutellum, and then becoming narrower along the suture; these
bands are slightly mottled with darker colours. The lightest examples
are pale ochreous grey, exhibiting scarcely a trace of the above mark-
ings ; and with the legs entirely testaceous, although the femora and
apex of the tarsi are usually fuscous. Intermediate conditions are of
course to be found, some of which have an isolated darker mark on
the elytra. It is common on tares, especially on the south coast;
and may be readily known in the sweeping net by its peculiar chalky
look.”

S. lineellus, Gyll. Closely allied to S. crinitus, but on an average
smaller, with the eyes less prominent, the thorax usually more dilated
in the middle, with the punctuation (though strong) finer and closer,
and the elytra punctured at apex and with small and short outstanding
hairs, instead of distinct sete ; the elytra are slightly contracted towards
the base, thence a little broader to middle, more distinctly and
strongly punctured, with the strie more deeply impressed, the inter-
stices being a little convex. The upper surface is brown (except the
seutellum, which is white), with a white spot, more or less prolonged,
at the origin of the 5th, 6th, and 7th interstices; the two or three
last interstices, and the underside, are also white. L. 3-3! mm.

A northern species ; Heysham and Lancaster (Reston); Northumberland and Dur-
ham district, rare, ‘‘ sea- banks north of Whitley, and Hetton Hall, near Belford, W.
B. Boyd, Esq.” (Bold); Hartlepool (Blatch); Scotland, rare, Solway and Forth
districts, Aberlady, &c. (Sharp and Hislop).

This species differs from S, tibialis in having the legs more uniformly
rufous, the eyes less prominent, the antenne with a shorter club, the
elytra with less strong punctured strie, the thorax longer, and the elytra
less lineated, but more spotted; the hairs at the hinder part of the
elytra are, also, somewhat longer.

S. tibialis, Herbst. This species may, as a rule, be easily known
by the distinet lines of silvery grey scales which are present on both
thorax and elytra, and the prominent eyes; the form is oblong and
convex ; head and thorax very closely and rather deeply punctured, the
latter about as long as broad with the sides slightly rounded: elytra
with rather fine punctured strix ; legs variable, but usually with the
femora, except base, dark, and the tibie and tarsi red ; occasionally the

242 RHYNOHOPHORA. [Sitones.

legs are black; the scales are variable in colour and are sometimes
greenish or slightly coppery. L, 3-4 mm.

Male with the anterior tibiz rather strongly curved and armed with

a moderately strong hook at apex; fifth segment of the abdomen sub-
truncate at apex.

Female with the anterior tibie slightly curved and armed with a small
hook ; fifth segment of abdomen slightly impressed before apex.

On broom, furze, clover, heath, &c. ; common and generally distributed through-
out the kingdom. ;

S. brevicollis, Schénh. Allied to the preceding, of which it has
by some authors been regarded as a variety ; it may, however, be distin-
guished by its shorter thorax and, on the average, smaller size ; the
rostrum is slightly narrowed at apex, with the central furrow more
distinct in front; the antenne are black, with the scape paler at base,
but this does not appear to be always a reliable character; the thorax
has the sides slightly rounded, as in S. tibialis, but is evidently shorter;

the elytra are more convex on the back behind, and wider, sparingly -

clothed with smaller shining scales (the margins, suture, and two dorsal
lines being more closely covered with paler scales), with the punctuation
of the striz more evident, and the short sete brown (not alternately
light), and more dense, especially behind. L. 3-33 mm.

Apparently rare, but perhaps overlooked ; recorded by Dr. Sharp as not uncommon
in the South (see Knt. Annual, p. 81, from which the above description of the differ-

ences pointed out by Thomson is taken) ; Birch Wood (Rye and Power) ; Matlock
(J. T. Harris) ; Scotland, local, Solway district (Sharp).

S. hispidulus, F. Black, clothed with fuscous-brown scales;
head short, deeply punctured, with a distinct central channel ; antenne
red with the club fuscous ; eyes quite flat ; thorax with the sides slightly
rounded, deeply and diffusely punctured, interspaces very finely sculp-
tured, with three lighter lines, of which the central one is often more or
less obsolete ; elytra with rather deep punctured strie, with fuscous-

brown scales variegated with small black patches, and stiff outstanding

sete’; femora dark, tibiz and tarsi testaceous ; the elliptic form, flattened
eyes, strong and remote punctuation of thorax, and short stiff grey
bristles, will easily separate it from all our other species. L. 3-4 mm.

Male with the anterior tibia curved at apex and armed with rather a
strong hook, and the fifth segment of the abdomen almost truncate at
apex; in the female the same segment is rounded.

On clover ; by sweeping, especially in sandy places ; the larva lives at the roots of
the plants; common and generally distributed throughout the greater part of the

kingdom, but not so plentiful in Scotland, where it appears to be somewhat local; in
some districts it is us abundantas S. lineatus.

S. humeralis, Steph. In size and general appearance this species
somewhat resembles, at first sight, the preceding insect, but may easily

Sitones.] RHYNOHOPHORA. } 223

be known by the absence of erect sete, and by the colour of the elytra,
which are clothed with dark brown scales on disc, and light scales to-
wards sides, which form a conspicuous patch at each shoulder, and
cause them to appear more or less lineated towards sides, the disc being
always dark; there are also three lighter lines, often more or less obso-
lete, on the thorax; the colour, however, is variable and the insect is
sometimes greyish ; the shoulders are strongly marked ; the thorax is
finely punctured, and the punctured striz on the elytra are fine but dis-
tinct ; legs and antenne red or ferruginous, club of the latter and the
_ femora more or less dusky. L. 3-4 mm.
On clover, trefoil, vetch, &c.; common in the London district and the south of
; less common further north, and rather rare, as far as my experience goes,
in the Midlands, Knowle, near Birmingham, Repton, &c.; Filey, Yorkshire (com-
mon) ; Northumberland and Durham district, rather uncommon but widely distri-
buted ; Scotland, rare, Solway and Twecd districts ; it has not apparently occurred
in Ireland.

S. meliloti, Walt. Most nearly allied to the preceding species,
the head, thorax, and depressed eyes being very similar, but with the
front much less deeply excavated, the thorax closely and minutely punc-
tured, the elytra elongate, with the shoulders subrectangular and

‘rounded, and without the conspicuous light patch; the colour is black,
clothed mere or less thickly with cinereous and silver-grey, or coppery
and fuscous scales; head narrow, closely punctured, front flat, with a
deeply impressed longitudinal line ; eyes depressed and comparatively
small ; thorax as broad as long, with the sides moderately dilated and
rounded ; elytra elongate, with the sides nearly straight, and with rather
deep punctured striz, maculated at shoulders and scutellum, interstices
indistinctly variegated with fuscous and ashy scales ; abraded specimens
often occur with scanty silvery-grey scales; underside thickly scaled;
legs black, with the base and apex of the femora and the tibiz and tarsi
testaceous. L. 4-4} mm.

On the melilot trefoil (Melilotus officinalis); very local, but occasionally found in
numbers ; Chatham; Reigate; Plumstead ; formerly at Hammersmith ; Ryde, Isle of
hada ; Yorkshire; Northumberland and Durham district, rare, South Shields and
near Hartley.

S. fiavescens, Marsh. Black, thickly clothed with brownish or
yellowish-brown scales, which are very little variegated, the elytra at
most being furnished with a few very small and obscure grey and black
dots ; head with a central furrow ; antenne red with the club pitchy,
or with the base only red ; thorax about as long as broad, very finely

ctured, with the sides almost straight, and with three obscure
lighter longitudinal bands; elytra with the shoulders well marked, not
setose, with fine punctured strie; tibie red. L. 5-55 mm.
_ Male with the fifth ventral segment of abdomen subtruncate at
apex. :

224 ; RHYNCHOPHORA. [Sitones.

By sweeping clover, &c.; not so abundant as some of the other species, but com-—

mon and generally distributed throughout the kingdom.

V. longicollis, Fahr. Very closely allied to the type, from which
it may be known by its average smaller size, more deeply furrowed head,

somewhat more prominent eyes, more elongate and distinctly punctured —
thorax, unspotted head and thorax and more strongly punctate-striate —

elytra ; it can hardly be regarded as a separate species, as the differences
are entirely comparative and not very marked. L.43-5 mm. ie
Mr. Walton (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1844, p. 69), says that S. flaves-

cens unquestionably approaches extremely close to S. puncticollis,and — ‘qi
that he had formerly a doubt as to their distinctness ; the differences -

are somewhat hard to express in words, but no person could confuse the
species, if he saw fresh specimens side by side ; S. flavescens is a smaller

insect and of a different form, with the head narrower, and the elytra —

shorter and less regularly rounded at the extremity, being more con-
tracted in their lower third ; the long frontal furrow reaching almost to
the anterior margin of thorax will also serve to distinguish it ; accord-
ing to Walton one of the distinetive characters, as compared with S.
puncticollis, is that in fresh specimens the alternate interstices are more
or less distinctly variegated, but, as far as my experience goes, it
is the latter in which the variegation is much more evident; in this
respect, however, the individuals of many species vary inter se to an
indefinite extent. : of

S. puncticollis, Steph. Larger and more robust than the preced-
ing species, with the head broader and the forehead sometimes with an
impressed puncture, sometimes with a central furrow, which, however,
never extends beyond eyes; vertex convex usually with two pale spots ;
thorax about as long as broad, with the sides very slightly rounded, ve
closely punctured, with three light lines ; elytra with the shoulders ie
marked, more or less obscurely lineated, with interrupted fuscous or black
streaks on disc of each; legs comparatively long and robust, dark, tibie
and tarsi more or less ferruginous ; the general colour is fuscous-brown,
but is somewhat variable, as is usually the case in the genus. L.
6 mm. .

On clover, trefoil, vetch, &c. ; common and generally distributed throughout Eng-
land and Wales in the counties bordering on or not far from the sea, but, as far as
my experience goes, it is not common in the Midlands; Scotland, common, Solway,
Forth and probably other districts ; Ireland, near Waterford, Armagh, &c.; Bedel

mentions it as inhabiting all the basin of the Seine and all Europe, so that it can
by no means be considered in any sense a maritime insect.

S. suturalis, Steph. Black, not very thickly covered (except in
quite freshly emerged specimens) with greyish scales, which are more or
less metallic, and are often coppery red or more or less distinctly metallic
green ; the thorax has three longitudinal lighter bands of scales ; and the
elytra also is banded, the line running down suture being especially

Sitones.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 225

conspicuous ; eyes flat ; rostrum with a plain central furrow; thorax
about as long as broad, very closely punctured, with the sides almost
straight and the anterior margin raised ; elytra with fine, but distinct,
punctured striz, gradually narrowed for posterior third; antenne and
legs red, club of the former, and the femora pitchy or black. L.
4—47 mm.

By sweeping vetches and other plants ; occasionally in moss in winter; not uncom-
mon and generally distributed in the London and southern districts ; common in the
Midlands and as far north as Yorkshire; less common further north; Scotland, not
comin Solway, Tweed and Forth districts; it is probably widely distributed in

reiand,

As Mr. Rye observes (Ent. Monthly Mag, I. p. 230), the smaller size,
more depressed eyes, and longitudinal bands of colour, distinguish this
species from S. flavescens, with which it agrees in many points of struc-
ture. Its depressed eyes, metallic hue, aud shorter, more robust, and

-less parallel elytra separate it from S. lineatus; and the very prominent

eyes of S. tibialis at once distinguish the latter insect, which resembles
in markings the greenish-grey specimens of S, suturalis: S. sutwralis,
when quite fresh, is sometimes a very brilliant insect, of a coppery red
colour, and is the prettiest of all our species, but it is very easily abraded
and not often seen in its best condition.

S. ononidis, Sharp (guttulatus, Chevr.). Closely allied to the
preceding species, but differing in being rather larger, less cylindrical,
not so convex, and clothed with scarcely metallic scales ; its eyes, more-
over, are a little less prominent, not so circular in outline, but more
elliptical; the elytra are not so strongly punctate-striate and the inter-
stices are quite flat, instead of being slightly convex; underside clothed
with greyish scales. L. 443 mm. ~

On Ononis spinosa ; very local; first recorded by Dr. Power from Herne Bay in
September, 1865, and subsequently by Dr. Power and Mr Champion; Whitstable
(Champion) ; St. Lawrence, Isle of Wight (one specimen taken by myself in the early
spring of 1882); Heysham and Lancashire (Reston); Dr. Power had apparently
Ane _ species at Herne Bay in 1854, and it was most probably mixed with his
suturalis.

S. lineatus, L. Black, upperside clothed with fuscous scales,
which are lighter on three lines on thorax, and on the elytra are more or
less lineated, but the latter are very variable, and sometimes quite uni-
colorous ; head with a central furrow, eyes moderately prominent, an-
tenne rather long and slender, red or ferruginous ; thorax transverse,
with the sides moderately but evidently rounded, anterior margin some-
what raised, finely and very closely, but rather distinctly punctured ;
elytra long and parallel, with rather fine, but distinct, punctured striz ;
legs moderately long, femora dark, tibiz and tarsi red or ferruginous ;
underside thickly clothed with ashy or greyish scales. L. 4-5 mm.

Male with the anterior tibis curved, and armed with a small hook,

VOL. V. Q

226 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Sitones,

and with the fifth ventral segment of the abdomen roundly truncate at
apex: in the female the same segment is quite rounded.

On various Papilionacee, clover, vetches, peas, &e.; only too common aid: gene-
rally distributed throughout the kingdom ; it is hard to find a place, as Mr. Rye
observes, where this pest does not occur from earliest spring down to the foggiest and
dampest autumn evenings: the colour varies somewhat, being ordinarily brown, but
sometimes ochreous or even greenish grey: the shape of the thorax, however, long
parallel elytra, and slender antenne will serve to distinguish it. .

S. sulcifrons, Thunb. (subaurata, Steph., pleuriticus, Steph.,
chloropus, Marsh). One of the smallest, if not the smallest of our
species; black ; clothed with sparing metallic scales, which are always
more or less abraded, and as in 8. sutwralis are more or less reddish-
coppery or greenish ; head with a broad excavation from eye to eye,
eyes somewhat prominent, often yellowish, antenne ferruginous ; thorax
as long as, or longer than, broad, with the sides slightly rounded, very
closely but distinctly and moderately strongly, although shallowly, y
punctured ; elytra short, with distinct punctured strie, which are
obsolete at apex ; femora dark, tibie and tarsi red; breast pubescent
with the side pieces of meso- and metasternum plainly clothed» with
whitish or greyish scales; occasionally the legs are entirely ferruginous;
the species, perhaps, most closely resembles S. suturalis, but the small
size, frontal excavation, more prominent eyes, and scantier scales will
serve to separate it. 2 23-3 mm.

By sweeping clover, lucerne, vetch, &c. ; especially in damp places ; hot 5 so abund-
ant as some species, but generally distributed throughout the kingdom, and, asa rule,
common ; it is often plentiful on the south coast, and Dr. Sharp renee it as common
in Scotland.

Thomson (Skand. Col. vii. 96) says that the female has the Faces
level between the eyes, but in this he seems to have mse some
mistake.-

GRONOPINA.

This tribe is represented in Europe by the genera Gronops and Rhyti-
dorrhinus ; these are usually placed under the Byrsopina, which latter
tribe, as remarked by Bedel (Ic. p. 74) is very distinct from the’ fact of
having the intermediate coxe contiguous ; ; its members, moreover, are
confined to Southern Africa ; one species, only, belonging to the genus
- Gronops is found in Britain ; Thomson includes it under the Bagoina,
to which it is in some points related.

GRONOPS, Schoénherr.

This genus contains only about a dozen species which are, however,
very widely distributed from Siberia to the Cape of Good Hope ; the
single British species is a small dull rugose insect, which is found at the

Gronops.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 227

roots of plants in sandy places and is extremely like the ground on which _
it is found, so that it may often be passed over.

G. lunatus, L. Oblong, clothed with broad scales, part of which
are light and part dark, the former forming on the elytra two common _
crescent-shaped bands with their convex centres opposed to one another ;
the colour, however, is very variable, and some specimens appear quite
light, and others pitchy and dark with the light bands very much re-
duced ; rostrum short, thickly squamose, antenne short, red, with the
elub darker, inserted a little behind the apex of the rostrum; eyes
vertically oblong; thorax square, marked with eight oblong impressions,
arranged in two rows; elytra oblong, much broader at shoulders than
thorax, shoulders well marked and prominent, punctured striz distinct,
alternate interstices raised and costiform ; legs dark, more or less ringed
with light and dark seales or pubeseenee, first joint of tarsi elongate,
second and third joints short. L. 3-4 mm.

Male with the abdomen impressed at base.

Sandy places ; local, but often not uncommon where it occurs; it is found under
stones and at the roots of low plants, and is particularly attached to salterns and low-
lying ground not far from the sea, although it «lso occurs inland ; Shirley, Wimble-
don, Wisley (Surrey), Blackheath, Hampstead Heath (formerly common, S. Stevens) ;
Norfolk; Suffolk; Deal; Dover; Hastings (not common); Portsmouth district ;
Shirley Warren, Southampton (common, Gorham); Lymington Salterns (not un-
common at the end of April); Seaford, Devon (Power); Westward Ho! N. Devon
(taken commonly by myself on the flat i. behind the pebble ridge on Northam
Burrows at the end of August); Bristol ; mlyn Burrows, Swansea: I know of no
record from further north, but it appears to te general all round the southern coasts
from Norfolk to Wales.

HYPERINA (Phytonomina).

This tribe has been variously constituted by different authors, who
have in some instances included under it Alophus, Procas, and. one or
two other European genera: from the characters above given in the
table of the tribes it will be seen that the tribe is closely allied to those
most nearly related to it, but, if we regard it as containing simply the
genera Hypera and Limobius it forms a very natural division cha-
racterized by the history of the early stages of its members, which can
only be compared with that of the Cionina; the larve live in the open
air on various plants, on the leaves of which they feed; the body is
capable of extension and contraction like that of caterpillars, and is
covered with a viscous substance which is secreted by a nipple-like
prominence on the upper surface of the last segment; locomotion .is
effected by means of bilobed prominences on the ventral surface; when
the larva has attained its full growth it attaches itself to the underside
of a leaf or to its stalk and forms a gauzy cocoon from threads of the
viscous substance ; this cocoon, which shelters the insect from external

; Q 2

228 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Hyperina.

enemies, takes about twenty-four hours in construction, and the perfect
insect emerges a few days after it has been completed.

The genus Limobius chiefly differs from Hypera in the fact of having
six joints to the funiculus of the antenne, whereas in the latter genus
there are seven; the genera, therefore, bear the same relation to one
another that Ceuthorrhynchidius bears to Ceuthorrhynchus.

I. Funiculus of antenne with six joints . .. . . . . . Limostus, Schénh,
II. Funiculus of antennae with seven joints . . . . . . . HYyPrEra, Germ.

LIMOBIvUS, Schonherr.

This genus contains three species which are all found in Europe; two
occur in Britain; they may easily be distinguished from Hypera by
the number of joints in the funieulus of the antenne; the first joint of
the funiculus also is rather larger in proportion to the second; the
scrobes are produced as far as the eyes ; the body behind the thorax is
short and broad and the elytra are furnished with erect scattered sete.
I, Elytra without a common dark band behind middle . . LL. pisstMitis, Herbst.

II. Elytra with a common dark velvety band behind middle,
extending across the second and third interstices . . lL, mrxtus, Boh.

L. dissimilis, Herbst. (borealis, Payk). Rather short, black, closely
covered with variegated brown and whitish scales, which usually have,
in part at least, a slight metallic reflection ; eyes depressed; antenne
ferruginous, with club darker; thorax transverse, with the sides
moderately strongly rounded, and with three more or less plain light
longitudinal lines; elytra variegated, with the suture white behind,
and with chequered black patehes on some of the interstices ; punc-
tured striz rather fine ; erect sete distinct; legs red; the colour of the
scales is somewhat variable. L. 23-3 mm.

On Geranium pratense ; also at the roots of Geranium. sanguineum ; rare; Chat-
ham (Champion), Guildford (Power), Sandwich sandhills (Gorham); Llandudno ;
Selby, Yorkshire (W. C. Hey) ; Northumberland and Durham district, not common,

Hartlepool, &c. ; Scotland, very rare, Forth district, “ Queensferry sea-shore, among
Ononis arvensis, Dr. Greville,” Murray’s Cat.

L. mixtus, Boh. Allied to the preceding in form and general ap-
pearance, but larger, and easily distinguished by having a velvety black,
almost crescent-shaped, common spot on the elytra behind middle, which
extends across the second and third interstices ; the thorax has two pale
longitudinal bands, one on each side; the scales and sete of the elytra
are rather coarse and the interstices are slightly raised, and besides the
black patch behind middle, there are two small black spots at base, one
on each side of the scutellum. L. 31-4 mm.

Sandy places ; on species of Erodium, especially EF. cicutarium ; very local, but

sometimes not uncommon where it occurs ; Deal sandhills, locally common; Dover
(Hall); Weymouth ; Exeter, very rare (Parfitt’s Catalogue).

Hypera.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 229

HYPERA, Germar (Phytoncmus, Schénherr).

This species is a very extensive one, containing upwards of two
hundred species which are almost entirely confined to the Palearctic
region ; a few, however, have been described from North Africa, Madeira, _
the Canaries, and South America (Chili, Cayenne, &c.); they are mode-
rate-sized or small insects, often prettily variegated and mottled, with
the elytra ovate or oblong ovate and the thorax, as a rule, much narrower
than the elytra, which have the shoulders well marked ; the rostrum is
rather stout and not carinate ; the posterior tibie have no hook, or a
very obsolete one, at apex, and the tarsi have the last joint long with
the claws long and free; the femora are simple and not longer than
the tibie ; the scutellum is small but distinct; and the elytra are nat
produced at apex and are furnished with regular punctured striz; nearly
a hundred species“are found in Europe, of which sixteen are contained
in the British catalogue ; two or three, however, are extremely rare, and
are only represented by ‘single specimens in our old collections ; ‘they
have for the most part a strong family likeness ; one or two of them are
very common and oceasionally are injurious to certain crops, but I have
never heard of their doing any material damage.

The sexual differences are sometimes very marked, and consist chiefly
of variations in general shape, length of rostrum, point of insertion of the
antenne, &.

The species are, for the most part, very easy to distinguish if com-
pared side by side, but the differences are often hard to express in words;
several authors make considerable use of the characters drawn from the
relative length of the first two or three joints of the funiculus of the
antennx, but I have not, in some instances, found them satisfactory, and
have preferred, in several instances, to roughly divide them on the
clothing of the elytra, which, after all, is the character by which they
are, as a rule, superficially distinguished; the shape of the scales is also
very important.

I. Rostrum broader, about twice as long as broad ; size
larger . . H. puncrata, F.
II. Rostrum narrower, ‘about three times as long as
broad ; size smaller.
i. Clothing of elytra formed of coarser scales which
are rounded or truncate behind.
1. Alternate interstices somewhat raised; elytra
variegated, with an immaculate lighter spot in
middle of margin and another at shoulder;
scales overlapping one another and broadly con-
eave; length6mm. . . H. Fascicurata, Herbst.
2. Alternate interstices not “yaised ; “elytra vari-
able; scales not overlapping but placed side by
side and furrowed in middle.
A. Shoulders scarcely broader than base of
thorax ; elytra with greyish-yellow or reddish-
brown scales, without distinct spots or patches H. anUNDINIS, Pays.

30 RHYNCHOPHORA.

B. Shoulders much broader than base of thorax.
a. Vertex of head distinctly clothed with scales
b. Vertex of head with fine pubescence.

a*, Klytra with a distinct series of small

square black patches on the first and third,

and more or less on the other interstices .
b*, Elytra with alternate longitudinal bands
of grey and white, but without distinct
patches. < .2 us 9's to havea ee
ii. Clothing of elytra consisting of finer scales which
are bifurcate behind or of hair-like seales or simple
hairs.

1. Anterior tibia with a tooth or raised angle to-
wards the middle of the inner margin ; elytra
with the alternate interstices raised, with longer
and shorter dark and light longitudinal bands,
but without small patches or irregular variega-
tion. 4 ia & Tere bee eee

2. Anterior tibie without tooth or prominence on

their inner margin.

A. Upper surface with very long raised sete
which are also present on the tibia; thorax

_ dilated in front and strongly contracted before
base; elytra regularly chequered with small
square black patches. . . . . + w +

B. Upper surface without or with compara-
tively short, but often distinct, raised sete,

which are not present on the tibie.

a. Eyes subconvex, short oval; fourth joint of

funiculus of antenna longer than those on
each 1de'Of 1b. oe. oo) a eae ee ee
b. Eyes very flat, irregularly oblong; fourth
joint of funiculus of antennx equal to the
third.

a*, Elytra broader and more ample; size
larger ; sete on elytra recumbent behind
and scarcely visible if viewed sideways

b*. Elytra narrower and less ample; size
smaller; sete on elytra always distinctly
raised and plainly visible if viewed side-

ways
a+. Elytra with a common dark spot at
base of suture, more or less triangular,
and extending beyond middle, but with-
ont distinct dark patch at sides,
at. Size smaller; form less. robust;
thorax narrower, with the sides less
stronglyrounded. . . . . .
bt. Size larger; form more robust ;
thorax broader, with the sides more
strongly rounded . o estas’ tess
bt. Elytra without or with a more or less
pronounced abraded dark spot at base
of suture, never (except in very rubbed
specimens) reaching to middle; sides
with a moreorless distinct dark patch.
at. Size larger; thorax with sides di-

[ Hypera.

B. rumicis, L.

H. portvux, F.

H. AurERsans, Steph.

H. votyeont, L.

H. tiara, Boh.
H. ELoneGatn, Payk.

H. suspicrosa, Herbst.

‘

H. variasiuis, Herbst.

H. murina, F.

_ Hypera.) RHYNOHOPHORA. 231

lated in front and strongly contracted
beliind . H. PLANTAGINIS, De G.
by. Size smaller ; ; thorax with the sides
very slightly rounded and pees
contracted behind . . -. H. Tetuineata, Marsh.
ef. Elytra without any marked variega-
tion; antenne entirely red; thorax
transverse oval; rostrum with a dis-
tinct channel opposite the upper border
ofthe scrobes . . H. MEtEs, F.
df. Elytra closely covered with uniform
green, sometimes brown, scales; size
amallkas 2 hw en (ar oer see. ) HL, BlaRROsTRAS, -F.

H. punctata, F. The largest of our species; broad and robust,
dull-black, clothed with greyish brown or grey scales, which are broadly
lighter on ‘the sides of thorax and elytra ; rostrum short and broad ;
thorax slightly widened in front, but with the sides nearly straight,
thickly punctured, with a more or less obscure central line of lighter
scales ; elytra ovate, much broader at shoulders than thorax, interstices
alternately obscurely lighter and darker, sometimes with fascicles of
darker scales, every other one slightly raised, punctured strie rather
deep, erect sete distinct ; antenne red, legs dark with tibie obscurely
red. L. 7-10 mm.

Male with the anterior tibie rather strongly and the intermediate
tibie slightly curved and armed at apex with a rather distinct hook;
abdomen slightly impressed at base and apex.

Female with the anterior tibie scarcely curved and the intermediate
straight and armed with an obsolete hook ; abdomen even.

- On species of Trifolium ; in moss, at roots of plants, &e.; often found crawling

on walls and palings, and occasionally by sweeping herbage; common and generally
distributed throughout the kingdom.

H. fasciculata, Herbst. (jfasciculosa, Steph.). Black, densely
clothed with white; fuscous, grey or yellowish-grey, with small black
patches and markings, which cause the upper surface to appear strongly
variegated; head short, covered with white scales, antenne ferruginous ;
thorax with the sides rather ‘strongly rounded in front and contracted
behind, with three lines of light scales, disc thickly punctured ; elytra
with rather deep, but obsoletely punctured, strie, and convex interstices,
furnished especially towards apex with rows of setz, very prettily varie-
gated, with an immaculate more or less distinct semicircular spot
(sometimes reduced) in middle of sides, and another at shoulders (often
obscure), lighter ; the suture is light, chequered with black fascicles, of
which there is a longer one at apex, and these fascicles are present on
other interstices ; legs long, more or less ferruginous, femora squamose
and variegated. “LL. 6 mm.

- Sandy places near the sea; under Erodium cicrtariwm ; according to Sch‘ddte on
Geranium molle ; extremely "local, but not uncommon where it occurs; the chief

232 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Hypera.

locality is Deal sandhills where large numbers have been taken; Sandwich ; Ports-
mouth district; Swansea; Devon; ‘ Isle of Thanet and in Norfolk ; more common
in Scotland” (Stephens) ; Scotland, maritime, extremely local, Forth and Clyde
districts.

H. arundinis, Payk. Black, densely clothed with compact greyish-
yellow or reddish-brown scales, which are rather brighter at sides of
elytra and cover both the upper and the underside; thorax with three
lighter lines ; head convex, with a longitudinal impression between the
eyes; rostrum rather long, pubescent, with the apex glabrous ; antennze
black with the base pitchy ; thorax subcylindrical; elytra scarcely
broader than thorax, with faint ‘punctured striz ; legs black, sparingly
pubescent. L. 7-74 1 mm.

On Sium latifolium ; the larva has been observed on this plant and on Sium
angustifolium in France ; very rare; “taken in marshy port near Exeter, and I

believe in Norfolk,” Stephens; Dover (Hall) ; ; Titchfield River, Portsmouth (Mon-
creaff); Dr. Power has a single specimen in his collection labelled “ Lewis, 1861.”

H. rumicis, L. Black, variegated with rather shining ashy-white
and yellowish-brown scales ; head thickly punctured, vertex squamose ;
rostrum almost straight ; antenne dull ferruginous, with the club darker ;
thorax subcylindrical, with two fuscous longitudinal bands; elytra with
fine punctured strie, thickly clothed with ashy-white and rownish
scales, with a subquadrate spot at scutellum, and some minute scattered
dots, fuscous or black, a patch on each elytron behind middle near
suture being immaculate ashy-white or at all events lighter than the
rest of the elytra; legs pitehy. L. 43-53 mm.

Male with the anterior tibize curved, the abdomen impressed at base,
and the club of the antenne elongate.

Female with the anterior tibie almost straight, the abdomen convex

at base, and the club of the antenne less elongate.
. On species of Rumew (dock), also on Polygonum aviculare; generally distributed
and common throughout the greater part of the kingdom; in some districts, how-
ever, it appears to be local; Mr. Bold records it as rare in Northumberland and Dur-
ham, but it appears to be not uncommon in Scotland as far north as the Moray
district.

H. pollux, F. (adspersa, F.), Black, variegated with ashy-white or
yellowish-brown scales; head finely punctured, pubescent; rostrum
glabrous at apex, scarcely curved ; antenne red or ferruginous, with the
club darker; thorax with the sides slightly rounded, subcylindrical,
closely and rather strongly punctured, with two fuscous lines; -elytra
with fine punctured striz, interstices irregularly tessellated with small
subquadrate blackish spots, the third towards apex and one or two at
margin being more or less white; legs black with the apex of the tibie
and the tarsi somewhat ferruginous ; the colour is somewhat variable,
the prevailing tint being sometimes grey and sometimes a warm
yellowish-brown; this is also the case with other allied species. L.
5-63 mm,

‘

S
g ls
*
-

Hypera.| RHYNCHOPHORA. 233

Male with the antenne inserted a little behind the middle of rostrum,
the anterior tibie rather strongly curved and the abdomen impressed at
base ; in the female the rostrum is longer and the antennz are inserted
at about middle ; the anterior tibiz are only slightly curved.

On various Umbellifere; the larva has been observed in France on Helosciadium
nodiflorum and Crithmum maritimum ; the species is often found at the roots and
by sweeping in marshy places; local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Barnes,
Shirley, Forest Hil, Northfleet, Higham, Dulwich, Notting Hill, Hammersmith
Marshes, Esher, Cowley, Merton, &c.; formerly common in Battersea Fields, near
Battersea Park (S. Stevens) ; Aylsham, Norfolk; Pegwell Bay; Dover; Sandwich ;
Portsmouth district ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Exeter ; ; Lee Valley, N. Devon (Power) ;
Swansea ; Scarborough ; Heysham, near Lancaster; not recorded from Scotland ;
Treland, near Belfast and Armagh.

H. alternans, Steph. (Julini, Sahlb.). Very like the preceding in
appearance and general structure, but on the average rather longer and
easily distinguished by the absence of tessellated small black patches on
the elytra, which are banded with alternate uninterrupted lines of brown
and light seales ; the thorax has three lighter bands, the central one
being often more or less obsolete, and is closely and rather coarsely
punctured ; the striz of the elytra are rather fine ; the head has a deeply
impressed stria on the vertex; the antenne are red or pitchy-red with
the club darker, and the legs are pitchy-red or blackish, with the tarsi
often lighter ; the colour of the scales is somewhat variable. L. 6-7 mm.
» Marshy places; at roots of plants, &c.; often in company with the preceding
species, of which it has by some authors been regarded as a variety; very local, but
sometimes not uncommon where found; Battersea; Notting Hill; Barnes; Lee ;
Hammersmith Marshes; Eastry; Rudham, Norfolk; Pegwell Bay ; Sandwich; it
appears to be almost confined to the south-eastern counties of England.

H. polygoni, L. (arator, L.). Of shorterand broader form than the
preceding species, which it somewhat resembles in coloration ; black,
thickly clothed with greyish, brown and black scales, which are arranged
in lines; head with whitish scales, antenne ferruginous with club
fuscous ; thorax subtransverse, with the sides slightly rounded, and with
three very distinct testaceous or whitish lines; elytra with distinct
punctured striz, with the suture in front white, posteriorly chequered
with black and white, dise with three abbreviated dark brown or black
lines, alternating with elongated white ones, one dark brown or black
line on each side of seutellum at base, and two on each side meeting or
approaching one another near apex, being most conspicuous ; legs reddish
or pitchy red, anterior tibize with a tooth or raised prominence towards
the middle of the inner margin. L. 5-6 mm.

On Leguminose; also on Polygonum, Lychnis vespertina, Silene inflata, &c. ;
common and generally distributed from the Midlands southwards; Manchester dis-
trict, general on the coast, the larve feeding on Lychnis and capsules of Silene
(Chappell) ; rarer further north ; Northumberland and Durham district rare ; Scot-

land, occasional, Solway, Clyde, Forth, Tay, Moray, and probably other districts ;
Ireland, Armagh, Belfast, Killybegs, &e.

234 RHYNCHOPHORA, [Hypera.

H. tigrina, Boh. (7. pastinacee, Rossi, v. tigrina, Boh.). A very |
distinct and conspicuous species, which may at once be known by the ~
very long outstanding sete on the elytra, and also by the colour of the
elytra; these are closely covered with lighter and darker scales
in alternate lines, which are chequered with small square black
patches like a chess-board; the antenne are red with a dark club, and
the legs are more or less ferruginous ; the thorax is transverse and has
the sides strongly rounded and dilated in front and much contracted
behind, and the elytra are oblong oval, with very fine strie. L. 43-5
mn.

On the heads of Daucus carota (the wild carrot) ; extremely local and not common

where it occurs; Dover (where most of the specimens have been taken) ; Folkestone
(S. Stevens); Glanvilles Wootton (Dale).

H. elongata, Payk. Black, clothed with ashy or bright brown pubes-
cence; head short, slightly pubescent, flat between the eyes; rostrum
rather short, a little thickened and curved; antenne red with dark
club; thorax convex, closely punctured, with sides rounded, and three
rather obsolete lighter lines ; elytra somewhat elongate, nearly twice as
long as together broad, with moderate punctured trie, interstices
slightly convex, the lateral ones obsoletely marked with fuscous and ashy
patches; legs elongate and stout, pubescent. L. 6-7 mm. =

Very rare, and perhaps doubtfully indigenous; in Dr. Power’s collection there is a
doubtful specimen from Birch Wood and another from Mr. Brewer ; Stephens (Illust.
iv. 102) says, ‘‘ My specimens were from the Marshamian collection, and I have seen
several that were captured near Edinburgh,” ‘‘ Raehills, rare,” Rev. W. Little. Dr.
Sharp, however, does not recognize the species as from Scotland.

Hi. suspiciosa, Herbst. (pedestris, Payk., miles, Payk.). A broad
and robust species with ample convex elytra ; black, densely clothed with
ashy pubescence and scales; head thickly punctured, with a channel be-
tween eyes; thorax nearly as long as broad, with the sides slightly
rounded, with two light lines towards sides and another, often more or
less obsolete, in centre; elytra much broader than thorax, with the
suture often lighter at apex, and with obscure blackish patches on the
alternate interstices, scutellary region more or less dark, striz fine and -
plainly and closely punctured; antenne ferruginous, with the club
dusky black ; legs rather long, pitchy. L. 6-7 mm.

Male with the antennz inserted almost in the middle of the rostrum,
the anterior tibiz rather strongly curved, and the abdomen impressed at
base; in the female the antenna are inserted a little behind the apex of
rostrum. /

On various Leguminose; the larva has been observed on Lotus and Lathyrus pra-
tensis ; local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Dulwich, Coombe Wood, Chat-
ham, Whitstable; Margate; Deal; Hythe; Folkestone; Portsmouth district;
Whitsand Bay, Plymouth; Somersetshire; Swansea; Bewdley; Coleshill, near

Birmingham; Wicken Fen; Sherwood Forest; Filey, Yorkshire, not uncommon near
the coast; banks and meadows near the Bollin, Cheshire ; New Brighton; Northun-

eee

Hypera.| RHYNCHOPHORA. 235

berland and Durham district ; Scotland, rare, Forth district ; it has not been recorded
from Ireland, but probably oceurs in that country.

#. variabilis, Herbst. ( postica, Gyll.). Much smaller and narrower
than the preceding species; black, clothed with brown or ashy scales ;
head with a faint depression between eyes; antenne red with darker
club ; thorax with the sides evenly rounded, and with three longitudinal
lighter bands, of which the central one is sometimes more or less obso-
lete ; om the two side ones there is a small dark patch just in front of
middle; elytra with a large denuded dark patch reaching from the
base at scutellum to beyond middle, remainder of suture tessellated,
sides with obscure small black patehes and lighter lines, neither being
strongly marked ; femora pitchy black, tibie and tarsi ferruginous. L.
4—5 mm. be i

Male with the antennez inserted almost in the middle of the rostrum
and the abdomen slightly impressed at base ; in the female the antenne
are inserted a little behind the apex of the rostrum.

On various Leguminosae, Trifolium, Medicago, &c.; often in moss, and haystack
and vegetable refuse ; generally distributed and common in the London district and
the southern counties; somewhat loeal in the Midlands; Liverpool district, general ;
Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, rare, Solway, Forth and probably
other districts ; Ireland, Waterford and Armagh. In this species, as in several of its

allies, the scales, in fresh specimens, have sometimes a coppery reflection, especially on
thorax ; the elytra occasionally have a fuscous band near sides.

H. murina, F. Extremely like the preceding in general appearance,

‘but considerably larger and of more robust form; the rostrum and

furiculus are longer; the thorax is broader with the sides more rounded,
and the elytra have the interstices more raised and the dark patch at
base of elytra less distinet ; in the female the fifth ventral segment is
rounded at the extreme apex only, instead of being broadly rounded. As
M. Bedel remarks (1. c. p. 79), all authors admit the distinctness of this
species from H. variabilis, without, however, being able to define the
distinctive characters. L. 6-7 mm.

Sandy places; by sweeping Leguminose ; often in sand-pits; according to Heeger
it lives on Medicago sativa; very local, but not uncommon in some districts ; Batter-
sea Fields (formerly) Shirley, Mickleham, Sydenham, Reigate, Dartford, Gravesend,
Maidstone, Chatham, Whitstable; Deal; Dover; Arundel; Glanvilles Wootton;
Exeter district; Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire ; Crosby, Liverpool (rare); Scotland, very
rare, Solway and Forth districts ; Ireland, Portmarnock.

H. plantaginis, De G. Black, clothed with ashy-brown scales,
head convex, finely punctured, with an impression between the eyes ;
antennz ferruginous or red with club dark ; eyes distant on forehead;
thorax transverse with the sides strongly rounded and dilated in front
and much narrowed to base, with three light bands, the central one
narrow ; elytra with a plain denuded dark lateral patch on each side to-
wards margins and a short denuded line on each side of suture at base ;

236 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Hypera.

there is also a spot at shoulders and, as a rule, at apex of suture ; legs
stout, rufo-ferruginous. L. 4-5 mm.

Male with the anterior tibia curved and the base of abdomen and
last segment impressed, the latter sinuate on each side.

Female with the anterior tibize scarcely curved and the fifth ventral
segment with a small fovea before apex which is broadly rounded.

Chalky and sandy places; on Plantago ; also in moss and by general sweeping ; not
uncommon and generally distributed throughout England and Wales; Dr. Sharp, how-
ever, records it as rare in Scotland, Solway and Forth districts ; Ireland, near Dublin
and Belfast and probably widely distributed.

H.meles, F. Pitch-black, closely covered with greyish or yellowish-
brown hair-like scales ; head small; rostrum rather long and nearly
straight with the central line and apex glabrous; antennz entirely red,
second joint of funiculus not much longer than third joint; thorax’
transverse oval, strongly rounded and dilated at sides, nearly twice as
broad as long with a light narrow central line, and a somewhat curved
broader one on each side; elytra with a row of whitish hairs on inter-
stices, without marked variegation, but with obscure small light and
dark patches and fascicles, and with the apex of suture spotted more or
less obscurely with white and brown; femora dark, tibie, and usually
tarsi, ferruginous. LL. 4-5 mm. .

Male with the anterior tibize rather strongly curved, and the base of
abdomen and the last segment broadly impressed.

On Trifolium pratense and Lucerne ; apparently very rare; Mickleham (Power) ;
received trom Ross years ago (S. Stevens); Selby, near York, by sweeping a river
bank in September (W. C. Hey). In Waterhouse’s catalogue it is given as synonymous
with A. Trifolii, Herbst. (Steph. Ill. iv. 99), which Stephens records as “not infre-
quent within the metropolitan district ; also found in Norfolk and Suffolk.” The species
appears to be very imperfestly known, ‘Thomson says that it may be distinguished
by its longer rostrum, which is channelled in front between the antennez ard has the
lateral line more strongly impressed and the central longitudinal line glabrous, and
further by the very transverse thorax which has the sides much dilated; in the latter
character it resembles H. plantaginis, but may be separated from that species by the
longer and more shining rostrum, the nearer approximation of the eyes on the fore-
head, and the absence of a denuded patch at sides of elytra.

H. trilineata, Marsh. A small species; black, thickly clothed with
brownish-ashy or ashy scales, which are sometimes slightly metallic, and
oceasionally in part slightly greenish; antenne red with club dark;
thorax almost as long as broad with three lighter lines, sides only
slightly rounded, and only a little contracted behind; elytra with the
suture mottled with dark spots, and with two dark lines near scutellum,
and a dark patch on each side of disc towards apex, punctured striz
fine ; the variegation, however, differs very much in more or less abraded
specimens ; legs ferruginous, femora usually dark. 1. 33-4 mm.

Male with the anterior tibie rather strongly curved, the abdomen
broadly impressed at base, and the fifth ventral segment of the abdo

Hypera.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 237

men impressed with a small round fovea and broadly sinuate on each side

at apex.

On various Leguminosae, especially Lotus : the larva has been observed on Anthyllis
vulneraria ; somewhat local and not abundant, but very widely distributed from the
Midland counties southwards: Wallasey, Cheshire (rare) ; it appears to become rarer
further north, although Mr. Bold records it as not infrequent in the Northumberland
and Durham district; Scotland, very rare, Solway district only; Ireland, Armagh
(Johnson). ©

H. nigrirostris, F. (viridis, Prov.). A small and very well-known
and easily distinguished species; pitchy-black, clothed with uniform
green (sometimes light brown) hair-like scales, with the head and three
more or less obsolete lines on thorax lighter; head finely punctured ;
thorax with the sides rather strongly rounded ; elytra with fine punc-
tured striz, uniformly clothed with rich green scales, which are some-
times spotted with fustous and sometimes entirely brown, raised sete on
interstices white and distinct ; antennz red with club dark, legs red
with dark femora. L. 83-4 mm.

Male with the anterior tibiz rather strongly curved, the abdomen
broadly impressed at base, and the last ventral segment broadly sinuate
at each side and broadly "impressed in middle; the point of insertion
of the antennz is also a little different in the sexes.

On various species of clover; often in moss and haystack refuse ; the larva has also
been observed on Ononis spinosa ; abundant and generally distributed throughout the
kingdom ; it is one of the commonest of the British Curculionidae.

The V. ononinis (Stevens) is a rather large form of the brown variety
of this common insect ; Mr. Stevens tells me that he took all the speci-
mens (which agree among themselves) “‘on Qnonis and not on clover
which nigirostris frequents” ; at first sight it looks very different to

ordinary specimens of the type form.

LIXINA.

This tribe contains about a dozen European genera of which four are
represented in Britain ; they are, for the most part, oblong or elongate-
oblong insects (except in the case of Larinus), with the rostrum broad and
stout and, as a rule, nearly as broad as the head; many of the species
are large and conspicuous and very prettily marked insects ; some of them
(as for instance Lixus bicolor) have the power of secreting a dusty pollen-
like matter, of a whitish, yellowish or reddish colour, which oecasion-
ally hides completely the sculpture and pubescence ; according to Bedel
the insect has the power of renewing this secretion, if accidentally
rubbed.

Our four genera may be distinguished as follows, but the characters
are not altogether satisfactory in one or two cases.

I. Rostrum very short and stout, about as long as head ;
tibize with long raised hairs on their exterior margin . RHINocCYLLUs, Germ.

238 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Livina,

IJ. Rostrum always longer than head; tibie without
long raised hairs on their exterior margin.
i. Scrobes produced nearly to apex of rostrum ; rostrum
uneven, thick and moderately long. . . . - CxEonus, Schin.
ii. Scrobes ceasing at a distance from apex of rostrum ; 3 ,
rostrum rarely uneven, thick and sometimes long.
1. Thorax oblong, evidently longer than broad ; body ;
behind thorax cylindrical or fusiform . . . Lrxvus, F.

2. Thorax short, about as long as broad ; body ‘be-
hind thorax oval or oblong-oval, not cylindrical LaRINUS, Germ,

The larvee of Rhinocyllus and Larinus live in the heads of Composite;
the larve of Cleonus are found at the roots of various plants, while those
of Lixus inhabit stems,

RHINOCYLLUS, Germar.

This genus comprises about half-a-dozen species which are all inha-
bitants of the Palearctic region ; our single species is found on various.
members of the thistle tribe ; the larva undergoes its transformations
in the heads of the plants in which it feeds ; ; it is a robust greyish
insect, with the rostrum very short, about as long as broad, and the

tibia with long raised hairs on their exterior margin. <<"

R. latirostris, Latr. (conicus, Froh.; thawmaturgus, Steph. ; 3:
antiodontaljicus, Gerbi.). An oblong, rather robust, species, black,
clouded with ashy, more or less plainly tessellated, pubescence ; rostrum
very short and stout, about as long as head; antenne stout, pitchy;
thorax transverse, somewhatnarrowed in front, closely and rather coarsely
and rugosely punctured, with long ashy pubescence ; elytra oblong,
broader at base than thorax, with the humeral callus rather well marked,
punctured stria fine but distinct, interstices closely sculptured ; legs
dark, pubescent. L. 4—6 mm.

On various species of thistles; the larva lives in the heads of Carduus nutans,
various species of Cirsium, and also of Centawrea nigra; local and usually rare ;
Faversham (in abundance, J. J. Walker); Canterbury (Power and Stephens) :
Shipley, near Horsham (once common, Gorham) ; coasts of Sussex, Hants and Dorset ;
Rye, near Hastings; Isle of Wight; Portland and Weymouth, sometimes common
(Harris, Blatch, &e.). Walton records it as abundant on the south coast, but it is
very local ; the species seems to have been regarded as a specific for toothache ;
hence some of the long names that have been attached to it.

CLEONWS, Schonherr (Mecaspis, Schénherr ; Bothynoderes,
Schoénherr).

The species belonging to this genus are of large or moderately large
size, robust, but elongate, and subparallel form, and very often exceed-
ingly handsomely variegated with shades of white and grey; the
rostrum is stout, but always longer than the head, and uneven, with the
scrobes produced nearly to apex; the eyes are depressed ; the thorax is

Cleonus.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 239

oblong or subquadrate and bisinuate at base ; the prosternum is deeply
emarginate at apex; the elytra are long and somewhat depressed at
base ; the legs are moderately long and the femora are not armed with
teeth.

The genus is a very extensive one and, if we include the subgenera into
which it has been divided, contains upwards of three hundred species,
which are mostly found in Europe and Northern and Central Asia; a
few, however, have been described from Africa (Algeria and Cape of
Good Hope), India, &c. ; they are found in sandy places at the roots of
various plants; the larve feed in the roots and undergo their transfor-
mations in a sort of cocoon, always beneath the earth.

When.we consider that more than a hundred species are found in
Europe, it must be admitted that the genus is very poorly represented in
Britain by four, one of which is almost doubtfully indigenous, and
another extremely rate; they may be distinguished as follows:—

I. Second joint of posterior tarsi short, scarcely longer
Pe prone third joint of tarsi with spongy pubescence
neactn.
1. First joint of funiculus of antennz at least as long
as second; length 10-lbmm....... =.
2. First joint of funiculus of antennz very short,
much shorter than second. . . .. . . . . CO, ALBIDUS, F.
(fasciatus, Mill.)
II. Second joint of posterior tarsi elongate, plainly
longer than broad ; tarsi with joints 1-3 furnished
with lateral sete and withont pubescence beneath.
1. Underside of thorax with a tubercular promi-
nence before each coxa; vertex of head distinctly
ridged ; elytra longer in proportion to thorax . . C. NEBULOSUS, L.
2. Underside of thorax without distinct tubercular
prominences before cox ; vertex of head scarcely .
ridged ; elytra shorter in proportion to thorax . . C. GLAUCUS, F.
(turbatus, Fabrs.)

C. sulcirostris, L. (piger, Scop.; scutellatus, Boh.). Black, thickly
clothed with greyish pubescence ; vertex of head thickly pubescent ;
rostrum with three deep almost equal, furrows; thorax about as long
as broad, with large scattered bare granulations, disc with two broad
dark denuded longitudinal bands, separated by a narrow light band,
which is usually continued on vertex ; elytra with fine punctured striz,
pubescence more or less thick, with two oblique dark denuded fasciz on
each, directed towards apex and meeting or nearly meeting at suture ; a
callose spot towards apex is also denuded; these markings are very
variable and depend in great’ measure on the freshness of the insect ; in
newly-emerged specimens the elytra are sometimes almost of a uniform
grey colour. L. 10-15 mm.

Male with the base of the abdomen impressed in middle and the last
segment very slightly emarginate at apex.

On various species of thistles ; local but often common where found ; it appears to be

C. suLctrostrts, DL.

240 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Cleonus,

chiefly, but not altogether, confined to districts near the coast ; Charlton, Whitstable,
Sheerness, Gravesend, Harwich, Great Yarmouth, Hertford ; Bottisham, near Cam-
bridge; Dover; Hastings; Eastbourne; Portsmouth; Chesil Beach; Bristol ;
Swansea; Erdington; Knowle, near Birmingham; Southport and Blackpool, Lanca-
shire ; Liverpool, common, sometimes in profusion, on the Crosby and Hightown
Sandhills among thistles; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, mari-
time, rare, Forth district; it probably occurs in Ireland,

C. albidus, F. (fasciatus, Mill.). Much smaller than the preceding
species, with which it agrees in having the second joint of the posterior
tarsi short, scarcely, if at all, longer than broad; it may however be
known by its colour, which renders it one of the prettiest and most
conspicuous of our British Curculionide ; black, with the thorax clothed
at sides and more scantily on dise with yellowish or whitish yellow
pubescence, elytra very thickly clothed with snowy pubescence, with a
broad space at shoulders, a waved uneven band about middle and a
patch before apex denuded ; rostrum short, with a central carina, which
is bifurcate in front; thorax very uneven and irregularly rugose on disc,
about as long as broad, with sides straight and parallel ; elytra slightly

broader than thorax, with fine punctured strie which are concealed by’

the pubescence ; legs pitchy, pubescent; the male characters are the
same as in the preceding species. L. 7-10 mm.

Sandy places: on Chenopodiacee; the larva has been found on Atriplea rosea

(Frosted Orache) and Chenopodium album (White Goosefoot), and the perfect insect
has occurred in abundance near Venice on Atriplex patula (Common Orache); the
species is extremely rare in Britain; I have a fine specimen in my collection taken by
Mr. W. H. Harwood in the Colchester district in 1883; in Dr. Power’s collection
there is a specimen, without locality, from the Rev. J. Laundy Browne (probably
from the Fen districts), and Mr. Samuel Stevens possesses a single example, received
by him from Mr. Salmon, taken at ‘‘ Thetford, Norfolk ;” Stephens (Manual, p. 251)
gives as localities Norwich, Ipswich, Cromer and Portobello, near Edinburgh.

Cc. nebulosus, L. (Lethierryi, Chevr.). Of about the size of C.
sulcirostris, but easily distinguished by the elongate second joint of the
posterior tarsi, which is distinctly longer than broad, and its darker
appearance, as well as by the reddish tinge which is usually apparent on
some portion of its body; black, thickly but irregularly clothed with
ashy pubescence ; rostrum uniformly pubescent, with a strong and broad
basal carina; thorax about as long as broad, with the sides constricted
before. apex, with a central abbreviated carina in front and the dise
strongly rugose, the rugosities and elevations being raised above the
pubescence ; elytra with rather strong punctured striz, and the alternate
interstices more or less elevated, especially at base, pubescence much
variegated with oblique denuded fasciz and patches ; the tubercle towards
apex is also always denuded; legs long, pubescent; the pubescence on
the head and rostrum, the thorax, legs and more or less of elytra is
usually to a greater or less extent of a duller or brighter reddish colour.
L. 13-14 mm.

In heathy places; at the roots of Ericacee; in sand-pits, &c.; rare; Esher,

a I

Cleonus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 241

Shirley, Leith Hill, Weybridge, Wimbledon, Chobham, Sandhurst; Norwich ;
Suffolk ; Cambridge; New Forest.

Cc. glaucus, F. (turbatus, Fahrs.). Very like the preceding, but
shorter, with the vertex not distinctly carinate, the posterior tibia with
a longer spur, the prosternum without distinct tubercular prominences
before coxe, and the elytra shorter in proportion to the thorax, with the
alternate interstices less raised ; in size, general appearance, and mark-
ings, the species appears to closely resemble C. nebulosus. L. 12-13
mm.

Heathy places ; at the roots of Ericacee ; extremely rare and requires further con-
firmation as British ; Ockham and Ripley, Surrey (Steph. Man. 281); on a common

between Chobham and Ripley, seven specimens taken by Mr. Neale in June, 1815
(Steph. lll. iv. 155); Chobham, tuken by Mr. Standish (S. Stevens).

(C. ophthalmicus, Rossi (momus, Scop.; quadripunctatus, Schrank ;
distinctus, Steph. lil). This species is now omitted from our lists ; it
is allied to C. albidus and C. sulcirostris in having the second joint of
the posterior tarsi short, and differs from the former in having the first
joint of the funiculus of the antenne at least as long as the second ;
from the latter it may be known by having the mesosternal projection
broadly truncate between tthe intermediate coxe, instead of being
terminated in a sharp or obtuse point (on this character Motschulsky has
placed it in a separate genus, Leucosomus); the colour is black, varied
with ashy pubescence; the thorax is white at the sides and the elytra
are obscurely striated with several rows of elevated ashy hairs, and each
is furnished with two distinct white spots behind the middle, the
anterior of which is somewhat divided ; towards the base are some
rather lighter dashes; on the breast are some fascicles of ashy down,
and the margins of the abdominal segments are pale; legs black,
pubeseent. L. 9-15 mm.

Coombe Wood and Epping Forest (Stephens) ; Stephens, however (Ill, iv. 153), says

he had only seen two specimens, one of which, from Coombe Wood, had been taken
about twenty years before.

LIXUS, Fabricius.

This is a very interesting genus which in some respects is closely
allied to Cleonus but differs in the fact that the scrobes cease at a
distance from the apex of rostrum, and also in the usually more elongate
form, the absence of the definite variegation of the elytra which is so
conspicuous in many species of Cleonus, and the fact that many of its
members have the power of secreting the dusty pollen-like matter
before referred to ; the sexual differences are unimportant ; the species
are very numerous, upwards of three hundred in number, and are very
widely distributed throughout the world from Siberia to the Cape of
Good Hope and Brazil ; in fact it appears to be one of the most uni-
versally distributed genera of the Rhynchophora; as in the case of

VOL. V. R

942 RHYNCHOPHORA,. [Lizus.

Cleonus, however, the genus, which comprises about seventy-five Euro-
pean species, is exceedingly poorly represented in Britain, only five being
known, these being all extremely local cr very rare; the capture, how-
ever, of a hundred and fifty specimens of L. angustatus by Dr. Power,
at Fairlight, near Hastings, between August 21st and September 2nd,
1867, rather serves to show that the members of the genus are perhaps
overlooked (as might naturally happen owing to their habits) and that
certain of them, and perhaps some new ones, may yet be found in
numbers in hitherto unworked localities. ;
The larvee of several species are known; they do not call for any
particular notice as far as structure is concerned ; they live and un
their transformations in the stems of various plants (Umbellifere, Poly-
gonacece, Composite, &c.); the female pierces the stem with her man-
dibles and deposits an egg in the opening, and the young larva when
hatched begins to feed upon the soft internal parts of the stem ; in the
case of the large species one larva alone appears to be found in each
stem, but in the smaller ones several may inhabit one plant; the
species may be discovered in localities they inhabit by the unhealthy
appearance of the plants. Perris (Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 388) gives
an account of the habits of the larve and of the plants on which they
are parasitic; of our species L. paraplecticus appears to be chiefly
attached to Phellandrium aquaticum and Sium latifolium ; L. iridis to
Hemlock and Angelica, &c.; L. jiliformis to Oarduus nutans and crispus
and species of Cirsium; L. algirus to Cirsium arvense and palustre ;
and L. bicclor to Erodium cicutarium.* : :
I. Scape of anteune plainly longer than the two first
joints of the funiculus taken together.
i, Elytra with a sharp prolongation at apex which is
at least as long (if viewed from below) as the anal
segment. .
1. Prolongation at apex of elytra long, nearly as long
as thorax; form slender; eyes prominent . . . UL. PARAPLECTICUS, L.
2. Prolongation at apex of elytra short ; form much
more robust and broader; eyes flat . . . . . UL. retpris, Ol.
(turbatus, Gyll.)
ii, Elytra separately rounded or bluntly angled at apex,
without prolongation.
1. Thorax without a definite light band at sides;
first joint of funiculus of antennez relatively

* M. Perris’s lament (1.c. p. 389) over the comparatively small knowledge possessed
by entomologists concerning such conspicuous species as the Lixi and Larini is
perhaps worth quoting, as it does not apply simply to French entomologists :—
“Que d’entomologistes, hélas! qui, au lieu de pénétrer dans les secrets de la science,
restent Ala surface et la font consister & trouver a grand effort, ne fait-ce que sur
un seul individu, un caractére qui différencie tel insecte de son voisin, ou 4 posséder
beaucoup d’espéces por les aligner avec art dans des beites! Combien d’autres,
ignorants de la botanique, sont incapables de savourer le charme des relations qui
lient les insectes aux végétaux! Combien enfin qui, ayant toutes les qualités re.
quises pour servir et méme honorer la science, gardent pour eux leurs découvertes,
par nonchalance ou comme s’ils en étaient jaloux !””

i, hb aml

Lizus.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 243
long, three times as long as broad; length 12-17
eae et at 0 SS EE PS oie woeieus: BE:

(angustatus, F.)
2. Thorax with a broad and distinct yellowish or
whitish band at sides; first joint of funiculus of
antenne relatively short, one and a half times as
long as broad; length 53-124 mm.. . . . . - I. Brcoxnor, Ol.
II. Scape of antennz scarcely longer than the two first
joints of the funiculus taken together; length 43-9
MEE rene O06 of ae wwe lathe fee ene Eh eo L. FIuiForMIs, F.

&. paraplecticus, L. (piellandrii, De G.; productus, Stepb.).
Elongate, very narrow, black or fuscous black, clothed with grey
pubescence, and more or less distinctly sprinkled with a lutescent
or greenish powder; margins and underside lighter and more thickly
pubescent ; head obsoletely punctured, eyes rather prominent, rostrum
glabrous at apex ; thorax much longer than broad, very slightly narrowed
towards front, with two broad longitudinal flavescent streaks, which
are usually indistinct ; elytra elongate, with plainly punctured strie,
and terminating in two long dehiscent points; antenne ferruginous
with club darker; legs black, pubescent. L. 11-16 mm. (including
apical processes, but not rostrum).

Marshy places; on Sium latifolium, also on Phellandrium ; rare; it is one of the
fen species that seems to have disappeared before drainage ; it has, however, occurred
in other localities ; “ Banks of Thames between Fulham and Barnes (very plentifal
at times) ; Isle of Ely ; Holme Fen, Hunts; Halvergate, Norfolk ; near Carlisle, &c.”
(Stephens); Brugh Marsh (Heysham); Horning Fen; formerly at Hammersmith
(one Fa ep only, 8S. Stevens) ; the species was at one time very common in the
fen icts ; Stephens (Illust. iv. 158) says “ that the larva, which feeds on plants of
Phellandrium aud Sium, is said to be very injurious to cattle, when they happen to
swallow it with their food?

(ZL. iridis, Ol. (turbatus, Gyll. ; gemellatus, Gyll.). Much broader than
the preceding species, and of about the same size and general appear-
ance as L. algirus, from which it is easily distinguished by the short
points at the apex of the elytra; the colour is black with grey pubes-
cence, powdered with yellow or greenish yellow, and the head and most
of rostrum, margins of thorax and elytra, and part of underside, as well
as two more or less distinct streaks on disc of thorax, are lighter; head
finely punctured, antennz ferruginous, rostrum rather long; thorax
conical, gradually but sensibly narrowed towards front, longer than
broad, elosely punctured ; elytra with rows of distinct punctures, points
at apex, if viewed from below, not longer than the anal segment; legs
dark, with thick yellowish pubescence. L. 14-16 mm.

On various Umbellifere ; the larva, according to Bedel, has been observed in France
on Cherophyllum bulbosum, Cicuta virosa and Angelica sylvestris; very little
indeed seems to be known with regard to this species as Britis; there is an old
specimen, with the apex of the elytra broken, in Dr. Power’s collection, labe led 36-2 ;
on reference to his note-bcok I find that in the year 1836 he only mentions two
localities, one “ Hornsea Fen,” June 6th, and the second “ Mildenhall,” from which

; rR 2

244 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Livus.

place this specimen apparently came; there is no reason why it should not bea
British species, and it is better, therefore, not to omit it altogether; it occurs locally
in Norway and Sweden and France).

L. algirus, L. (angustatus, F.). A large and conspicuous, robust,
and rather broad species ; cylindrical, black, with fine and scanty grey
pubescence, which is thicker on the underside and very sparsely
powdered with yellow or yellowish grey ; head finely punctured, eyes
flat ; rostrum moderately long and stout, slightly curved, rather coarsely
punctured, with a small longitudinal channel between the insertions of
the antenne ; thorax rugose, slightly narrowed in front, anterior margin
smoother, base with a more or less prolonged longitudinal channel before
scutellum ; elytra depressed at seutellum, with distinct rows of pune-
tures, without process at apex. LL. 12-17 mm.

On thistles; also according to Bedel on various species of low-growing Malvaceae:
very local ; London district, very rare, Sydenham (Stephens) ; Shoreham, Hickstead,
&c., Sussex (Stephens) ; Fairlight, Hastings, local (Power, S. Stevens, &c. ); Faygate,
near Rusper (Gore).

L. bicolor, Ol. (vilis, Rossi; lateralis, Steph.). Hlongate; black,
with grey or brown pubescence and thickly powdered with a yellowish or

yellowish-chestnut powder which, together with the pubescence, is very

easily rubbed off, so that good specimens are difficult to procure ; rostrum
with a central carina; eyes depressed ; antenne red or pitchy red, club
often darker; thorax longer than broad, with sides very slightly rounded
and narrowed in front, rugosely punctured, with a broad yellowish white
band at margins, which in quite fresh specimens is continued as a
light brownish yellow band on the margins of the base of the elytra ;
elytra with fine punctured striae; apex of each obtusely rounded ; legs
black, with thick pubescence ; size very variable. L. 53-124 mm.
Sandy places near the coast; beneath and at roots of Erodiwm cicutarium; ex-
tremely local ; the chief locality is Dea) sandhills, on which considerable numbers
have been taken ; Isle of Thanet, near Sandwich, in June (Stephens) ; Sandwich,

sandhills (Gorham); Portsmouth district (one specimen by sweeping, Moncreaff ) ;
there is also a doubtful record from Plymouth,

L. filiformis, I’. (elongatus, Goze, nee Germ). One of the smaller
species ; elongate, black, with grey pubescence powdered with yellow ;
thorax with four yellow lines ; rostrum almost as long as thorax, closely
punctured, indistinctly channelled at base; antenne ferruginous, scape
scarcely longer than the two first joints of the funiculus taken to-
gether; thorax conical, with a deep transverse impression in front, very
closely punctured; pubescence of the dorsal bands almost woolly :
elytra scarcely impressed at base, separately rounded at apex, with the
pubescence uniform (var. rufitarsis, Boh.) or condensed in uneven
patches ; legs dark, with the tarsi ferruginous. L. 43-9 mm.

On various species of thistles, especially Carduus nutans and crispus: one ex-

ample only was found by Mr. Sidebotham, when beating oak or birch, in a planta-
tion on the side of Roundwey Hill, near Devizes, Wiltshire, early in June, 1864.

Lizus.] " - RHYNOHOPHORA. - 945

Mr. Rye (Ent Annual, 1865, p, 80), says: “This was doubtless only a straggler; the
insect would most likely be obtained, if the thistle stems found in that neighbour-
hood were brought home and secured in a breeding-cage. It is somewhat like LD.
bicolor, but smaller and much less robust ; the thorax has two dull grey dorsal lines,
and the elytra resemble dark specimens of Erirrhinus maculatus in colour and
marking.” It must be admitted that the species requires further confirmation as
indigenous,

LARINUS, Germar.

The species of Larinus are more than one hundred in number and
are chiefly confined to the Mediterranean region; representatives, huw-
ever, occur at the Cape of Good Hope, in Siberia, Central Asia, &c. ;
no species, apparently, have beer described from the New World ; the
antenne are geniculated, 12-jointed, short and moderately stout,
. situated towards the apex of the rostrum ; the two basal joints of the

funiculus are longer than the following, which are short; the club is
elongate-ovate and subacute; the rostrum is moderately long; the
thorax is gradually narrowed from base to apex with the basal margin
strongly bisinuate, the centre being produced opposite to the scutellum ;
_the elytra are broader than thorax, oblong-ovate ; the legs are rather
stout, with the femora thickened and not denticulate; in the males
the abdomen is impressed at base, and the anal segment is very short ;
all the species are found on members of the thistle tribe ; of the fifty-
six European species only one is found, and that very rarely, in Britain,

L. carlinew, Ol. (Rhinobatus planus, Steph.). Black, with the
sides of the thorax and the underside clothed with more or less scanty
greyish pubescence, and with fascicles of the same on the elytra; eyes
depressed ; rostrum furrowed on each side at base ; antenne red with
club dark ; thorax thickly rugose, with confluent punctures ; scutellum
rather large ; elytra separately and broadly rounded at base, bluntly
rounded at apex, with fine punctured striz, interstices coriaceous ; legs
black. L. 7-93 mm.

On various species of thistles; the larva lives in the heads of the plants; rare ;
Weybridge and Horsell, Surrey (Power) ; Dover ; Sandgate ; Brighton ; New Forest ;
Portsmouth district ; Glanvilles Wootton, Mulletts Wood, aud Wootton Wood from
mat to 1872, very scarce ; Devon; Weston-super-Mare ; Barmouth, Wales (Chap-

CURCULIONINA.

The relation of this tribe to its allies will be seen by reference to the
table stating the tribal differences ; it is here regarded as including not
only Hylobius and Lepyrus but also Liosoma, Liparus (Molytes) and
Plinthus, which have, as a rule, with certain other genera, been referred
to a separate tribe, called Liparina or Molytina ; Pissodes, however, and
Trachodes, which are by some authors referred respectively to the Hylo-
biina and Liparina, are under the present arrangement placed under
quite separate tribes; the members of the present tribe are, in many

246 RHYNOHOPHORA. ~ [ Curculionina.

instances, very large and conspicuous insects ; the species belonging to
the genus Liosoma are, however, very small, but are worthy of notice as
being almost exact reproductions in miniature of the large and con-
spicuous species of Liparus. .
I. First joint of the club of the antenne shorter than the follow-
ing joints united.
i. Prosternum not emarginate at apex; surface of mandibles
with scattered patches of hairs . . . . ......
ii, Prosternum emarginate at apex; surface of mandibles
glabrous. :
1. Length 2-4 mm. ; tibize with moderately strong spurs at ;
apex . . «. be ° 2 eo 6Y) © ym Rk eee 5 ie cee ee ce Liosoma, Steph.
2. Length 8-16 mm, ;* tibie with strong curved spurs at om
apex,
A. Scutellum small; metasternum very short . . . . Liparus, Ol.
B. Scutellum large; metasternum comparatively long . Cuxcuxio, LZ.

(Hylobius, Schén.).
IL. First joint of the club of the antenne as long as all the
following united ; upper surface very dull with large round nd
punctures 2. 2.) SS SO See ce ee eres
LEPYRWS, Schonherr.

This genus contains about half-a-dozen species which are found in
Europe, Northern Asia, and North America; they are moderate-sized
insects with the eyes round, the scutellum scarcely: visible, and the
prosternum not emarginate at apex ; the thorax is narrowed towards apex
and broadly rounded at base; the elytra are broadly emarginate at base;
the femora are armed with a small tooth; the single British species is
extremely rare.

L. binotatus, Payk. (capucinus, Schall.). Black, clothed with
fusco-cinereous or ashy-brown scales and hairs, very minutely variegated
with grey, and with a very small but distinct white point of scales be-
hind the middle of each elytron; rostrum longer than thorax, carinate,
somewhat dilated at apex ; antennz moderately thin, inserted near apex
of rostrum, scape not reaching eyes, funiculus seven-jointed, with the
two first joints rather long; eyes rather convex ; thorax narrowed to-
wards apex, closely sculptured, with a small central line; elytra long
oval, somewhat acuminate at apex, with regular punctured strie; legs
moderately long. L. 73-10 mm.

Woods and damp meadows; on Salix; often found in flood refuse in France; very
rare; Norbiton, Surrey (Lewis); Minley, Hampshire, under a stone in a dusty road,
the plants near being birch and broom (Serle Hayward, Ent. Ann. 1870, 102);
Eastrey, Portsmouth district, 1870 (Moncreaff); one specimen from Rev. W. Hope
(S. Stevens).

Lepyrrus, Schén.

LIOSOMA, Stephens.
The species belonging to this genus are about twenty in number;

* Liparus dirus, Herbst. (glabratus, F.) attains a length of 17-20 mm.; it is
widely spread over Ceutral and Southern Europe,

Liosoma. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 247

they are found in Central and Southern Europe, Algeria, and the Canary
Islands, and one species occurs as far north as Siberia; by far the
greater majority, however, have been described from Europe; three
occur in Britain; they are very small, usually black, shining insects,
resembling almost exactly in miniature the large species of Liparus ; the
antenne are rather long and are inserted nearly at the apex of the
rostrum, which is more or less distinctly carinate; the mandibles are
short and slender; the sculpture of the thorax and elytra is very cvarse;
the scutellum is invisible, and the elytra are not much broader at base
than thorax; the prosternum is emarginate at apex; the legs are
moderately long and robust and the tarsi are spongy pubescent beneath;
the males are narrower than the females, with the rostrum a little shorter
and thicker and the antenne inserted almost at the extreme apex; the
anterior tibi#, moreover, are more slender, and the abdomen is broadly
impressed at base.

i, Womora toothed. S$ 5% soe: lw. Cs Le ovarunom, Clairv.

(deflerum, Panz.)
II. Femora not toothed.
i. Form longer; thorax more shining ; striz of elytra less
marked, with the punctures set less closely together . L. oBLONGULUM, Boh.
“ii. Form shorter and smaller; thorax duiler ; strie of —
elytra more marked, with the punctures set more
PS ee ee Pret nee

i. ovatulum, Clairv. (deflexrum, Panz.; punctatum, Marsh). Short
and broad ; deep shining black, glabrous ; antennz red with club darker;
rostrum curved ; sides of breast with white pubescence; thorax about
as long as broad, with sides subparallel and narrowed just before apex,
coarsely and deeply punctured, with a more or less distinct smooth
central line ; elytra with rows of large round punctures, interstices bread
and tlat, with a row of very fine punctures and of short and exceedingly
fine setz ; legs black, tarsi reddish, femora with a small, but distinct,
tooth. L. 23-3 mm.

Damp places ; in moss and at roots of grass ; occasionally by sweeping herbage ; it
appears to live on various Ranunculaceae, and has been found on Anemone nemorosa and
Ranunculus repens ; rather local in some districts but generally distributed and, as
a rule, common throughout England and Wales; Scotland, not common, Solway, Dee,
and probably other districts; it appears to be common in Ireland, Waterford,
Galway (abundant), Teelin Bay (Donegal), Dinnish Island, Armagh, Belfast, &.

L. TROGLODYTES, Rye.

V. collaris, Rye. This variety is rather smaller than average
specimens of the type-form, and may at once be known by having the
thorax and often the rostrum. more or less brightly red and the legs red
with the femora dark at apex ; the thorax also is less closely punctured,
and the tuoth on the femora is feebler. L. 23 mm.

Occurs with the type-form but much more rarely; Lee, Highgate, Mickleham,
Cowley ; Nettlecomb, Somerset; Knowle, near,Birmingham ; Bariouth ; Scotland,
Baluuto, Fifeshire (Power) 3 Ireland, Woodlands, near Dublin (Power). ,

248 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Liosoma.

L. oblongulum, Boh. Very closely allied to the preceding, which
at first sight it closely resembles, but longer and narrower, with the

rostrum longer and more coarsely and deeply punctured, and not quite

so stout or so much curved downwards, and the antenne longer, the
difference being especially noticeable in the scape; the sides of the
thorax are said to be straighter, but this character is not very evident ;

the punctures of the elytra are a little larger, forming rows, but —

apparently not placed in impressed lines, and the underside is more
strongly and remotely punctured ; the metasternal depression of the male
is wider and better defined ; the chief character, however, lies in the fact
that the femora are not furnished with a tooth. LL. 25-3 mm,

Chalky and sandy places ; in moss and by sweeping herbage ; rare, but perhaps over-
looked; Caterham and Haslemere (Champion) ; Chatham and Faversham (J. J.
Walker) ; ; Wrabness, Essex (Walker) ; Guestling, near Hastings; Sharpness, Glou-

cestershire (T. Wood); Buddon Wood, Leicestershire 5 Ireland, Galway, one example
(Walker).

L. troglodytes, Rye. A small, short species; in shape resem-
bling L. ovatulum, but smaller, with the femora untoothed, and with
lighter legs, the femora being pitehy, and the tibize and tarsi ferruginous ; ;
the anterior tibie are also straighter, the rostrum less stout and much
more strongly punctured, and the thorax more opaque and much more
closely punctured, with the interstices alutaceous, and in parts almost
converted into wrinkles; the sculpture of the thorax, together with its
smaller size and broader build, the more evident humeral angles and
more marked striz of the elytra will distinguish it from L. oblongulum ;
the antenne, also, are situated further from the apex of the rostrum
than in the latter species, L. 2-2} mm,

Chalky banks; in damp moss in spring; very rare; Chatham and Faversham (a
few exumples taken by J. J. Walker) ; Fareham (Walker) 5 Guestling, near Hauast-

ings; Mr. 8. Stevens has a specimen taken at Leith Hill in 1850. Mr. Rye first
described the species on one of Mr. Walker’s examples in 1873,

LIPARWS, Olivier (Molytes, Schonherr).

The species belonging to this genus are among the largest of the
European Curculionide ; they are all peculiar to Northern and Central
Europe ; they are black, more or less glabrous, and in several cases
variegated with patches of yellowish pubescence; the rostrum is
moderately long and dilated at apex; the antenne are moderately
long, with the scape reaching eyes, which are vertically oval ; thorax
with a row of hairs at base and closely applied to the base of elytra;
scutellum scarcely visible ; elytra broader than thorax, dilated behind,
more or less confusedly sculptured ; prosternum emarginate at apex ;
metasternum very short ; legs moderately long, tibise with a strong tuft
at apex externally; in the males the anal segment of the abdomen is
broadly and very shallowly impressed,

Liparus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 949

' The larva of L. coronatus is described by M. Valéry Mayet in Bedel’s
Rhynchophora (l.c. p. 96):—Length 15-18 mm.; body elongate, foot-

less, white with the exception of the head, with white hairs on each
segment; stigmata nine on each side, ferruginous; head ferruginous,
elliptical, vertex deeply furrowed ; prothorax emarginate for the recep-
tion of the head ; meso- and metathorax very short with two transverse
folds on the dorsal aspect, underside of all three thoracic segments with ~
small warty locomotive triangular nipples; abdomen composed of nine
segments, anal segment with four lobes, the lateral pair being much the
most developed ; these larvee appear to take two years for the accom-
plishment of their metamorphoses ; they live in the earth and attack
the cultivated carrot and probably other Umbelliferz ; they are hatched in
the summer or autumn and pass the winter in the root of their food plant ;
in spring they leave it and appear to exist all the summer, according to
M. Fallou, on their. “ réserves physiologiques,” not appearing until the
following spring in the perfect state.
I. Elytra almost glabrous, or at most with a few yellowish

hairs on each; dise of thorax uniformly punctured ;

average size smaller . . .... =. +... + I cononatus, Goeze.
Il. Elytra with patches of yellowish-grey pubescence

scattered over their whole surface; disc of thorax with

larger and smaller punctures intermingled; average

Se ees ela wis les GS 6) ¢),> da ERMANUS, DL,

L. coronatus, Goeze (anglicanus, Steph. ; germanus, Gyll. nec
Goeze). Black, rather shining; head and rostrum distinctly, but not
strongly punctured; antenne pitchy; thorax nearly as long as broad,
with sides rounded just before apex, uniformly and distinetly punctured,
with a more or less distinct smooth central line, base and apex with
flavescent hairs, which are also present on four more or less distinet spots
placed transversely, two on each side of disc ; elytra coriaceous, without
definite rows of punctures, nearly glabrous, but with a few yellowish hairs
in fresh specimens ; abdomen on both sides with a series of flavescent
spots, and the breast with yellowish hairs ; legs black, all the femora
with an acute tooth. L. 12-15 mm.

Male with the centre of base of abdomen and the last segment im-
pressed.

In moss, under stones, &c.; often found crawling about roads and on grass stems;
according to Bedel it is found on Umbellifere, especially Cherophyllum (Anthriscus)
sylvestre (the Wild Chervil) ; the larva, as stated above, has been found in the roots
of Daucus carota; very local, but not uncommon in some districts ; Chatham, Lee,
Birch Wood, Darenth Wood, Dulwich, Forest Hill, Hammersmith, Shirley, Belvedere,
Maidstone; Hertford ; Ashdown; Dover; Folkestone; Sandgate; Hayling Island ;
Portsdown Hill, Portsmouth; Brading, Isle of Wight; Bath ; Swansea; Lreland,
Portmarnock (rare).

L. germanus, L. One of the largest, if not the largest, of all our
indigenous Cureulionide ; black, rather shining, with yellow hairs dis-
posed in three irregular patches on each side of thorax and a number of

250 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Liparus.

small patches of the same scattered over the elytra ; vertex of head finely
punctured, rostrum more strongly punctured, antenne black; thorax
with the sides rounded, broadest about middle and narrowed in front,
distinctly punctured, the punctuation consisting of larger and smaller
punctures intermingled ; elytra large and ample, coriaceous, without definite
rows of punctures ; legs black, femora with small teeth. L. 15-16 mm.

Chalky places ; under stones and in moss; very local and usually rare; Maidstone;

near Staple, Kent (H. 8S, Gorham); Sandgate; Dover; Hythe (in numbers in a —

sandy wood, T, H. Hart, 1878); Folkestone ; it appears to be entirely confined to the
South Eastern counties.

CURCULIO, Linné (Hylobius, Schdnherr),

This genus contains about thirty species, of which about ten occur
in Europe, and the remainder have a wide range, representatives having
been described from Siberia, Persia, North and South America, New
Holland, Java, &c. ; our single species lives in the larval state in stumps
and fallen trunks of various pine and fir trees; the larva, however, of
C. transversovittatus, one of the species found in France (of which a
full description will be foundin Bedel’s Rhynchophora, pp. 93-95) lives
in the roots of Lythrum salicaria ; C. abietis, unfortunately, does not
confine itself to fallen and decaying limbs ; it is occasionally extremely
injurious to Scotch fir, spruce, larch, and other Conifer; a full account
of the habits of the beetle and suggestions as to remedies will be found
given by Miss Ormerod (Manual of Injurious Insects, pp. 283, &c.) ; the
beetles feed on the tender bark of young shoots; they mainly attack
young trees, especially plantations formed on ground from which a crop
of old fir has recently been removed, and eat away the bark of the stems,
sometimes completely stripping them upwards. They also eat the bark
of the shoots and destroy the bud; and, in the larch, they gnaw at
the base of the leaves so as to render the shoots bare. The females
deposit their eggs, which are transparent and whitish, in rifts of the
bark, in logs, root stocks, stumps of felled trees, and on exposed parts of
roots ; the maggots hatch in two or three weeks, and may be found from
June onwards throughout the winter; they do not call for any particular
remark, as they closely resemble the ordinary weevil maggots, except
that the thoracic segments are somewhat swollen; these maggots bore
into the soft wood beneath the bark, and when full fed they change to
the pupa state in a cocoon-like accumulation of chips at one end of the
boring.

The chief method of prevention is to look carefully to the ground on
which young trees are planted; all chips and old wood should be burnt
and no logs should be left about, unless used as traps ; fragments of
roots left in the ground should be covered by at least six inches of earth ;
laying pieces of bark as traps and carefully examining them, especially
after dull weather or during soft rain, will often cause numbers to be
captured in infested places, and traps formed of logs and twigs, if care-

SS ee es pers 5

Curculio. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 251

fully burnt at intervals, and not allowed to lie too long, will cause an
appreciable diminution of the mischief ; it has been found a good plan,
where planting has been done on a large scale, and the beetle is present
to any extent, to take out as many of the old roots as possible, burn all
the rubbish that is lying about and graze the ground with cattle for three
or four years before replanting ; direct applications of soft soap and
sulphur, or of paraffin, to the stems of the trees is of service asthe -
beetles eommence at the ground level and gradually strip the trees upwards
of their bark. The species of Curculio are large and conspicuous beetles
and may be distinguished hy having the scutellum large, the meta-
sternum comparatively long, the antenne with the scape reaching the
eyes, which are vertically oval, and the prosternum emarginate at apex,
with the ocular lobes distinct and ciliated.

Cc. abietis, L. Pitchy black, dull, with yellowish scales which
are dotted over the surface in more or less distinct small yellowish
patches, and on the elytra form two narrow more or less irregular bands,
one before and one behind middle ; there are also patches on the thorax,
at the sides and before scutellum, and at the apex of the elytra ; rostrum
stout, rugose, with the antenne inserted at apex ; thorax at least as
long as broad, constricted before apex, coarsely and rugosely punctured,
with or without a smooth central line ; elytra with chains of punctures
(‘‘ cancellatostriatis,” Thoms.), interstices broad, strongly rugose ; legs
black, femora armed with a rather strong tooth. L. 8-14 mm.

Varieties occur in which the colour is pitchy ferruginous and the legs
reddish or pitchy red ; the male has the base and the last ventral seg-
ment of the abdomen always broadly impressed.

On pines and firs ; locally abundant and, asa rule, common throughout the whole
kingdom ; it is often found crawling on pathways, on pavements, &c.; and Dr. Sharp
says that it is often met with in houses in Scotland.. Mr. Moncreaff says that he has
tuken it on flowers of thistles in front of Lumps fort, Southsea, in cop in June, with
no fir or pine trees within two miles.

PLINTHUWS, Germar.

This genus contains about five or six species which are found in
Western Europe, the Canary Islands and North America; according
to Bedel they chiefly inhabit mountainous regions, but this is certainly
not the case with our single species ; they hide themselves during the
day and come out at night or in the twilight ; our species is a somewhat
elongate, dull mseet, which may easily be recognized by its sculpture, and
by having the first Join: of the elub of the antennz as long as all the
following united.

P. caliginosus, F. Elongate, apterous, dull-black, glabrous or
with traces of scales and rows of very short sete, which, however, are
only apparent in newly emerged specimens ; antenne reddish brown,
with the first two joints of the funiculus elongate and equal; thorax

252 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Plinthus.

longer than broad, subovate, with large round variolose punctures which
are confluent at sides, smooth central line narrow, but usually distinct;
body behind thorax elongate oval, elytra connate, with rows of the same

large punctures as on thorax, third, fifth and seventh interstices more

or less raised, sometimes costiform ; legs brown red, femora with a sharp
tooth, tibiz sinuate internally at base. L. 53-9 mm.

Male with the anal segment of the abdomen truncate behind, and
leaving the apex of the last dorsal segment exposed.

Under stones and in moss, on the chalk, clay and sand; also under faggots, in ~

woods ; local, and almost confined to the London and South Eastern districts ; never
abundant, but not uncommon in these localities ; Charlton, Hampstead, Forest Hill,
Faversham, Shirley, Dartford, Chatham, Strood, Maidstone, Westerham ; Kingsgate;
Dover; Folkestone; Sandgate; Hastings, generally distributed but rare; Brighton ;
Portsmouth district,

PISSODINA.

The members of this tribe bear a strong relation to the Curculionina
with which they have been elassed by many authors; they chiefly differ
in having the curved hook at the apex of the tibie situated at the
apical external angle, a character which appears to be very artificial but
is of great use in distinguishing several of the tribes belonging to the
sub-family ; the tribe, together with the Trachodina, which ean hardly,
perhaps, be separated from it, is allied to the Cryptorrhynchina, from
which it differs in not having the rostrum received in a groove on the
prosternum ; the species are roughly sculptured, dull insects, of moderate
or rather large size, which, however, varies considerably in members of
the same species; the colour is dark and the surface is variegated with
bands of greyish or yellowish scales ; the larve attack pine and fir trees,
and in habits closely resemble those of Hylobius.

PISSODES, Germar.

The species belonging to this genus are dull insects, in general
appearance somewhat resembling Curculio but much smaller; they are
characterized by having the scutellum conspicuous and rounded at apex,
the femora fusiform and without teeth, and the prosternum not
emarginate at apex ; the rostrum is rather long and the antenne are
inserted at some distance from its apex ; the thorax is narrowed in front
and is as wide or almost as wide at base as the base of the elytra ; the
species are exclusively confined to’ Conifer; the larve, according to
Bedel, attack diseased trees ; they form burrows in the outer wood, or
if they come across small branches they bore right into their centre, like
the larve of Magdalinus; the genus contains about twenty species,
which are confined to Europe, Northern Asia and North America,

I. Size larger; thorax shorter in proportion, with the sides more

rounded and the posterior angles less prominent; el) tra with
the punctures of strizs much stronger and more distinct. . . WP. PINI, LD.

Pissodes, | RHYNCHOPHORA. - 253

II.’ Size smaller ; thorax longer in proportion, with the sides less
rounded, and the posterior angles more prominent; elytra with
the punctures of stri# much less strong and more or less
RUMAEOG CN MLA al, 20. el. ahs 16 ole ele ot eocens 6k « BOTATUS,. F,

P. pini, L. Oblong, upper surface depressed, pitchy-black or dark
pitchy-brown, with very sparing pale scales ; rostrum longer than thorax,
reddish-brown ; antennz inserted towards middle of rostrum, pitchy-red
with club darker; thorax about as long as its breadth at base, narrowed
towards front, constricted before apex, closely and somewhat rugosely
punctured, with a fine but distinct smooth raised central line, and with
very sparing small patches of yellowish scales, of which two spots, one
on each side of middle, are often more or less distinct; elytra subparallel,
narrowed from posterior third to apex, a little broader than thorax, with
strongly and deeply punctured striz, the punctures being deeper in the
middle, and with tavo more or less distinct and irregular transverse
yellowish bands on each, one before and another behind middle ; legs
moderately long, ferruginous, with the femora simple. L. 8-10 mm.

On fir and pine trees; very local and confined to the North; Northumberland
district (Bold); Scotland, local, on Scotch fir, Forth, Tay, Dee and Moray districts

Braemar, Aviemore, &c.); it is by no means uncommon in some places where
ound.

P. notatus, F. Very like the preceding but smaller and usually of
a somewhat lighter colour, with the faseie greyer, much less distinct,
and often more or less obsolete ; the thorax is longer with the sides
less rounded, the posterior angles more prominent, and the base more
deeply sinuated ; the rostrum is shorter and the elytra are much less
strongly punctured ; the posterior fascia, moreover, is dilated in the
middle and attenuated towards suture ; according to Thomson the male
has the rostrum a little shorter than the female and the fascie of the
elytra formed of whitish scales, whereas in the latter sex the posterior
fascia is yellowish in the centre. L. 6-8 mm.

On firs and pines; very local and not comm: n; Chat Moss (Chappell) ; ‘‘ Sunder-
Jind, probably introduced in Scotch timber-laden ships” (Bold); Scotland, rare,
Highlands, on Scotch fir, Dee and Moray districts. I have a strong idea that it has
been taken in some numbers near Bournemouth, but cannot find any record; it is
the only species found in France, where it inhabits the whole basin of the Seine, so
that there would be nothing against its occurrence in such a pine-clad district as
Bournemouth.

A third species, P. piniphilus, has oceurred at Sunderland, but was
certainly imported with timber-laden ships from the north of Europe ;
it might, however, be found in this country, as it occurs in Sweden,
Finland, Germany, and France ; it resembles P. notatus, but is smaller
(4-5 mm.), and may be known from the latter species by having the
first fascia of the elytra always obsolete, and the second nearer the
middle than in that species ; the punctures of the thorax, moreover, are
wider apart, and not confluent,

254 RHYNCHOPHORA. - [Trachodina.

TRACHODINA. :

This tribe is extremely closely allied to the Pissodina, from which it
differs by the strongly toothed femora, the inconspicuous scutellum, and
the clothing of the upper surface ; the single genus T’rachodes is very
nearly related to the Cryptorrhynchina through Acalles, but differs in
not having the prosternum channelled for the reception of the rostrum,

TRACHODES, Cermar.

About eight species are contained in this genus which are found in
Northern Asia (chiefly in Siberia and Kamtschatka) and Northern and
Central Europe ; they are small dull insects, with the elytra connate
and gibbose, the prosternum emarginate at apex, the tibie bisinuate on
their internal margin, and the posterior cox subglobose ; the femoral
teeth are very large and strong; they are found in faggots, and very
little, apparently, is as yet known about them.

T. hispidus, L. (sqguamifer, Gyll.). Oblong, convex, blackish-
brown, clothed with coarse blackish and ashy scales, rostrum, antenns
and legs reddish-brown ; rostrum rather long, curved ; antennz inserted
behind middle ; thorax as long as broad, rounded at sides, with a row
of large dark raised scales on each side of centre and a lighter row
towards margin ; elytra dark with common wavy grey fascis towards
apex, alternate interstices with rows of large raised scales ; femora
clavate, with very strong pointed triangular teeth. L. 2}—4 mm.

In woods; by beating old faggots of oak and beech sticks; rare; near Carlisle
(Heysham); New Forest (one specimen, May, 1850, Walker); Buddon Wood,

Leicestershire (Bates, Plant, &c.); St. Leonard’s Forest (Power) ; it is also marked
in Mr. Moncreaff’s list as from Grange, near Gosport.

_ ORCHESTINA.

The members of this tribe are, with very few exceptions, easily known
by the development of the posterior femora, which resemble those of the
Halticide and enable the insects to leap greater or lesser distances
according to their size and thickness, which is variable in the different
species ; the rostrum is inflexed, and the antenne have rather a short
scape ; the eyes are free and, as a rule,. prominent; the elytra are con-
siderably broader than the thorax, with the shoulders well marked and
the tenth stria joined to the ninth behind the metasternum.

The larve live on leaves, for the most part of trees; they mine the
parenchyma, like the larve of many Micro-Lepidoptera, and after attain-
ing their full size they form a cocoon in their mines or galleries, from
which the perfect insect in a short time emerges; the galleries may
easily be detected by their reddish or brownish appearance and by being
slightly raised above the surface of the leaf.

Orchestina.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 255

Two genera are represented in Europe, both of which are found in
Britain : they may be distinguished as follows : —

I. Antennz geniculate, inserted at the sides of the rostrum,

before the eyes . .. OncueEstes, J/7.
II. Antenne “itraight, inserted at the ‘base of the rostrum,
between the eyes. . . - . Ruamenus, Clairv.

ORCHESTES, [Illiger (Rhynchenus, Clairville).

This genus contains about fifty species, of which more than thirty are
found in Europe ; the remainder occur in Northern and Southern Africa,
the Caucasus district, North America, &c. ; the precise number of British
species is not quite certain as two or three have their claim to be indi-
genous based on single specimens, and require further confirmation ; if,
however, we include 0. sparsus, O. decoratus and O lonicere the num-
ber of species hitherto found in this country is fifteen, which is a very
good proportion ; as a rule they may be known by the thickened
posterior femora, but this is hardly noticeable in the very small species
O. saliceti ; the antennz are geniculate and inserted at the sides of the
rostrum before the eyes, and the anterior coxe are contiguous; the head
is small and the upper surface is almost entirely occupied by the eyes
which nearly meet, in many cases, on the vertex ; the thorax is very
small in proportion to the elytra and only about half as broad as the
latter ; the scutellum is distinct ; the elytra are large in proportion to
the rest of the body and are often very prettily variegated ; the femora,
besides being almost invariably thickened, are longer than the tibie; in
the males the rostrum is duller and proportionately smaller than in the
females, but this is not very marked except in QO. lonicere, and there
are also slight differences in the insertion of the antenne and the shape
of the pygidium and the apex of the last ventral segment of the abdo-
men, which, however, do not call for any particular notice; they are all
small or very small insects, ranging from 2 to 33 mm. in length.

The larve of several species have been observed and noted by various
writers ; that of O. fagi will be found figured by Westwood (Classifica-
tion I. p. 336, fig. 41, 19) ; it is rather peculiarly formed, being dilated
towards the front and tapering towards apex, but possesses no legs ;
according to Bouché the larva of O. seutellaris, which mines the leaves
of birch in May, is furnished, at the extremity of its pointed terminal
segment, with a brown point, as well as with six short legs, but there is
probably some mistake, as these characters have not been observed in
any other allied larve; the habits of A. alni are well known;
they mine the parenchyma of leaves of the elm and towards the
end of autumn these may be seen, in certain localities, covered with
more or less small raised yellowish or brownish knobs ; the larve will be
found in these, and when full grown they construct a small cocoon inside

256 RHYNCHOPHORA, 3 [ Orchestes.

them and there undergo their transformations; they easily cut through
the enclosing portion ‘of leaf and appear in large numbers in the perfect
state on the outer side of the leaves of the trees, :

I, Posterior femora more or less dilated, often dentate
on their underside; chest and side pieces pubescent ;
size larger.

i. Funiculus of antenne with six joints (Orchestes,

i. sp.).
1. Side, of elytra in front with a row of erect
sete, independent of the general pubescence ; ig
sides of thorax with outstanding sete. :
A. Scape of antennz comparatively long, inserted
a little behind middle of rostrum.

a, Thorax with a more or less distinct longi- uit
tudinal central furrow; colour red or 5
brownish-red . . - « O. QuEROUs, LZ.

b. Thorax without a central furrow. We
a*, Elytra red or yellowish-red with black i]
spots ; femora and tibie black . . . . O. ALNI, ZL. haf
b*, Elytra unicolorous red; femora and
tibie in part or entirely yellowish-red . O. ALNI V. FERRUGINEUS,
Marsh.
c*, Elytra dark, closely covered with varie-
gated grey, white, and blackish hair-like
scales, and with a whitish patch at scu- ’
tellum. . . . O. 1L1018, F.
B. Scape of antennze shorter, inserted between
the base and the posterior third part of the
rostrum ; thorax black.
a. Elytra black with a clear white spotat base QO, rora, F.
b, Elytra with raised black hairs which are
visible if viewed sideways, variegated with
very obscure bands of grey, and with a yel-
lowish-white spot at scutellum; form longer ;
antenne and tarsired . . O. sparsus, Fahrs. .
. Elytra with the pubescence even, strongly
variegated with white hair-like scales whic
cover nearly the whole basal portion; form
shorter; antenne, tibie and tarsi reddish-

ic)

yellow. . . O. AveLLAN®, Don,
2. Sides of elytra without a row of erect seteo in
front.

A. Thorax with outstanding sete at sides; upper
surface red, elytra with a spot at shoulders and
a broad band in middle brown or black-brown (O, LONICER®, Herbst.) 5
B. Thorax without outstanding sete at sides. =
a, Elytra not variegated. ’
a*, Scape of antenne longer, inserted just
behind the middle of the rostrum; body =
black covered with brown pubescence . . O. Fact, Z. fs
b*. Scape of anteuns shorter, inserted to- :
wards base of rostrum, e.
at. Body red or reddish covered with €
light silky yellowish pubescence ; an- By
terior coxe contiguous (Threcticus,
Thoms.).

Orchestes.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 257

ait Head, thorax and legs bests
O. scuTELLaRrIs, F.

bf. Fea, thorax and legs dark . . ©. sSCUTELDARIS, V. SEMI-
RUFUS, Gyll.
b+}. Body black, covered with a uniform
grey pubescence, Store: cox separate
(Homirrkamphus, Bed OP ae a eae re O. PRATENSIs, Germ,
b. Elytra variegated ; scape of antennz short,
inserted towards base of thorax -. . O. nusct, Herbst.
ii, Funiculus of antennz with seven joints (Tachy-
erges, Schdub.).
1. Elytra unicolorous black, without variegation ;
antenne entirely black or itchy black, .- O. stiema, Germ.
2. Elytra black with trausverse fascie of whitish
ce or hair-like scales; antennz red with
at most the club dark.
A. Tarsi testaceous ; et es OTe
not distinct. . . O. pEcoRatts, Germ,

B. Tarsi black or pitchy ; transverse fascia of
elytra very distinct, anterior one dentate, :
reddish or yellowish in middle . O. saticis, L.
II. Posterior femora not appreciably dilated (Isochnus,
Thoms.) ; funiculus of antenne with seven joints ;
chest and side pieces clothed with white scules ;
elytra black, unicolorous; size verysmall . . . O.SALICETI, Payk.

The above characters will more or less easily distinguish the species ;
the setz at the sides of the thorax, however, are very easily rubbed off,
and one or two of the other characters are not always very distinct ; it
may therefore be useful to add a table of the colour differences, which
are very marked, as a rule, in this genus.

Colour (at all events of elytra) uniform, without definite variegation ;
O. quercus (red, brownish-red, or reddish-brown, with the abdomen,
except base, unicolorous with body) ; O. alni, var. ferrugineus (red, with
head and abdomen black), and O. scutellaris (red, with abdomen black) ;
O. seutellaris, var. semirufus (red, with head, thorax, legs and abdomen
black) ; O. jagi (brown) ; O. pratensis (grey) ; wo: stigma (black, some-
times with an obscure greyish patch at seutellum); O. saliceti (black).

Colour red, with dark spots or bands on elytra ; O. alni (head black) ;
O. lonicere (head red).

Colour black with a clear white spot at scutellum, O. iota.

Colour variegated ; O. ilicis, sparsus, and decoratus (markings very
scattered); O. avellane (elytra with the base entirely covered with a
large common white patch and with a band behind middle) ; O. ruset
(scutellum and two simple bands on elytra white) ; O. salicis (scutellum
_ and two bands on elytra white, the one behind the middle simple, and
the other before the middle dentate and including scutellary patch, and
more or less red or yellowish-red in centre).

O. quercus, L. Rufo-testaceous or reddish-brown, rather depressed,
clothed with silky yellowish pubescence which is more or less irregular
on elytra; eyes, breast and base of abdomen black, the former almost

VoL. V. 8

258 RUYNCHOPHORA. : [ Orchestes.

connate on vertex; thorax bisinuate at base with a more or less distinct
dorsal channel; elytra with rather fine punctured striw, with a large
triangular common patch (often more or less abraded) extending from —
the shoulders to beyond the middle of the suture, densely clothed with ~
pale pubescence, the rest of the surface being less densely pubescent ;
anterior and intermediate femora each with a minute spine in the
middle, the posterior with a double series of six or seven spines on each.
L. 23-33 mm.

,__ On oaks; generally distributed and common throughout the greater part of the

kingdom. .

O. scutellaris, Gyll. Longer and narrower than the preceding,
oblong, rufo-ferruginous above, underside and apex of rostrum black,
clothed with ashy pubescence, which is thick and lighter on scutellum ;
untenne inserted near base of rostrum, with the scape much shorter
in proportion than in the preceding species; thorax rather strongly
punctured, obsoletely channelled, with the sides narrowed in front
and slightly narrowed behind; elytra with rather deep punctured
strie, interstices somewhat shining and rugose ; anterior femora nar-
rowed, posterior with a small tooth in the middle; anterior coxe con-
tiguous; pubescence of episterna of metasternum very close. L.
25-3 mm. 2

On alder and wild cherry ; rare ; Coombe and Darenth Woods, Carlisle and Sketty,
near Swansea (Stephens) ; Norfolk (F. Smith); Lowestoft; Bearsted (Gorham) ;
Sandown ; Deal; Glanvilles Wootton (Dale) ; Stretford, near Manchester (Reston) ;
Northumberland and Durham district (Bold) ; Scotland, very rare, Solway and
Dee districts (Sharp) ; Ireland, near Belfast (Haliday); there has been some con-

fusion regarding this insect, and it is possible that mistakes may have arisen with
regard to some of these localities.

V. semirufus, Gyll. In this variety the head and thorax and often
the legs are dark, whereas in the type form they are red; the legs, how-
ever, are very variable in colour; according to Stephens the posterior
femora, which in the type have only a single small tooth in the middle,
are in the variety armed with several small teeth; it seems possible
that it may be a distinct species. L. 24-3 mm.

On alder and wild cherry; very local; St. George’s Hill, Weybridge (Stevens) ;

Woking (where Mr, Champion has taken it not uncommonly unaccompanied by the
type form).

O. alni, L. Black, pubescent, with the antenne, tarsi, thorax, anal
segment of the abdomen and elytra rufo-testaceous, the latter with four
black spots, which are very variable, the apical ones being often united
at suture, often very obscure, and sometimes wanting; antenne with
the scape long, inserted just behind middle-of rostrum ; thorax closely
aud rather strongly punctured, sometimes with an abbreviated black
patch in the middle of disc ; elytra with strong punctured strie ; pos-

Orchestes.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 259

terior femora very strongly thickened, with a tooth in the middle and a
series of rigid cilia behind it. L. 2}-3mm.

' On elms, &c.; often by beating dead hedges and under loose bark ; very abundant

from the Midland districts southwards, but much rarer further north, and I know

of no locality further north than Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire ; it was scarce at Repton,

near Burton-on-Trent; Ireland, Dublin and Waterford.

V. ferrugineus, Marsh. (melanocephalus,Ol.; saltator, Foure.). In
this variety the black spots on the elytra are entirely absent; the black
head and more elongate form will easily separate it from O. guercus,
and the black head and strong setz at sides of thorax and shoulders of
elytra will prevent it being confounded with 0. seutellarts. L. 2}-
3 mm. ;

Found in company with the type, but not quite so common.

O. ilicis, F. (pilosus, F.). Oblong-ovate, black; head pubescent ;
antennez red-yellow, with the scape long, inserted a little behind middle
of rostrum, which is black and rugosely punctured ; thorax rugosely
sculptured, with strong setz at sides, more or less distinctly pubescent ;
scutellum with dense white pubescence; elytra with punctured strie,
interstices flat and somewhat rugose, variegated with grey, white and
blackish, and sometimes ferruginous, hair-like stales, with an oblong
white streak at base of sature, the markings, except the latter, being
however indefinite; anterior and intermediate femora with a single
tooth in the middle, posterior pair with a tooth in the middle and a
series of small spines besides; legs black, tarsi testaceous. L. 23-
3 mm.

On oak, birch, holly, &c.; somewhat local, but rather common and widely dis-
tributed in the London and Southern districts; especially common in the New
Forest; Devon (rare); much less common further north; Windsor; Norfolk ;
Bristol ; Swansea; Knowle, near Birmingham; Dunham Park, Manchester; not
recorded from the Northumberlard and Durham district; Scotland, rare, Solway
and Forth districts; it probably occurs in Ireland.

V. nigripes, Fowler. In this variety the antenne and legs are
entirely black and the general colour of the pubescence is darker; the
teeth of the posterior femcra appear also to be less strongly pronounced.
L. 23-3 mm.

Taken by Dr. Power at Claygate, Shirley, Purley Downs, Birch Wood, Plumstead
and Folkestone.

©. sparsus, Fahrs. Very closely allied to the preceding, but
smaller and distinguished by having the scape of the antennz shorter in
proportion and inserted nearer to the base of the rostrum ; it is covered
with black hairs, which are rather long and erect on the thorax and
depressed on the elytra, which are obsoletely variegated with grey, and
have a whitish or fulvous spot behind the scutellum ; the antennz and
tarsi are reddish-yellow; posterior femora with a row of indistinct
teeth beneath. L 22 mm.

On birch and oak ; very rare: one er in Dr. Power's collection taken in July,

: 8

260 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Orchestes.

1866, near Surbiton, and confirmed by M. Brisout; the meee is found in Algeria,
Spain, and the South of France, and is rare near Paris, so that we should hardly
expect to find it in England.

O. avellane, Don (signifer, Creutz). Ovate, rather short, black ; head
dull, slightly pubescent ; antennz testaceous, with the club sometimes
dusky ; thorax rather thickly punctured, with more or less distinct whitish
pubescence ; elytra with distinctly punctured striae, with a large common
white subcordate or double lunulate spot covering base and extending
broadly along suture beyond middle, and a white band before apex ;
femora black, simple, tibiz and tarsi or tarsi, red, legs sometimes entirely
black. L. 9.91 mm.

On hazels and oaks, &c.; local, but not uncommon; Hammersmith, Chatham,
Sydenham, Darenth Wood, Sevenoake, Wickham, Box Hill, Ashtead, Birch Wood,
Coombe Wood; Bearsted ; Rusper; Windsor; Hastings; Basthouraes Arundel ;
New Forest ; Portsmouth district; Glanvilles Wootton; Woodbury Common,
Devon ; Bristol ; Swansea ; Ditchingham and Bungay, Suffolk ; Knowle, near Bir-
mingbam : Sherwood Forest; Scarborough; not recorded from the Northumberland
and Durham district ; Scotland, Solway district ; the variety with black legs hai
been taken by Dr. Power at Birch Wood and Wickham.

Q. lonicerz, Herbst. Oval; reddish yellow, eyes, breast, avdomen
and a ring before apex of posterior femora black ; thorax truncate,
and with the sides rounded, dise obsoletely punctured, dull; elytra
broad, with the shoulders somewhat rectangular, with deep punctured
strie, interstices narrow and elevated; there is a small round fuscous
black-spot at shoulders and an irregular narrow fascia in’the middle,
both sometimes brownish ; in the male the rostrum is evidently shorter
and duller than in the female. L. 2 > Imm.

Very doubtfully indigenous ; Stephens (il. iv. 63) says, ‘‘ Specimens of this insect
have eg been in the collection of the British Museum ; found on the Lonicera
Xylostewm (Fly Honeysuckle) at Spitchweek, Devon.” There i is no reason why it
should not be found in Britain; in fact we should expect to find it rather than
O. sparsus, of which a single specimen has been taken by Dr. Power, as it is a more
northern insect, occurring in Russia and Denmark as well as not uncommonly in
France, &e. ; it is also found on Lonicera il esi (the Common Honey-
suckle).

0. fagi, L. Oblong, black, clothed with rather thick ashy avd
pubescence, which is, however, often abraded in older specimens ; ros-
trum black, rugosely punctured; antenne testaceous, with the club.
globose-ovate and the scape long and inserted a little behind middle
of rostrum ; thorax transverse, with the sides slightly rounded, closely
but distinctly punctured ; elytra with distinctly punctured striz, inter-
stices flat, minutely sculptured; legs black, tarsi testaceous, anterior .
and intermediate femora with an indistinet tooth, posterior pair with a
stouter tooth, and ciliated. LL, 2-25 mm.

On the beech; common and generally distributed throughout the kingdom.

O. pratensis, Germ, (‘omentosus, Gyll. nec Ol.). Ovate, or oblong-
ovate, black, covered thickly witha uniform grey pubescence, which will

Orchestes.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 261

easily distinguish the species; antennz reddish testaceous, with the cluh
pitchy, scape short, inserted towards base of rostrum ; thorax with the
sides slightly rounded and narrowed in front; elytra with rather deeply
punctured striz, interstices narrow and somewhat convex ; legs black,
pubescent, tarsi ferruginous, posterior femora angularly dilated beneath,
posterior tibiae somewhat enlarged on their inner side towards apex.’
L. 2-2} mm. ;

By sweeping thyme and other low plants; especially on chalky hill sides; accord-
ing to Heeger the larva has been found in the leaves of a species of Centaurea; very
local, and as a rule rare, but occasionally found not uncommonly in certain localities ;
Chatham, Maidstone, Mickleham, Reigate, Caterham, Chattenden, Buckden, Cow-
fold; Hertford; Folkestone; Battle, near Hastings, rare; Holm Bush, Brighton;
Fordlands and Woodbury, Devon. ; Knaresborough (Stephens).

O. rusci, Herbst. (bifasciatus, Gyll. ; afinis, Steph.). Ovate, black,
clothed with scanty greyish-white pubescence; antenne red with the
scape short and inserted towards base of rostrum; thorax transverse,
rather strongly and not very closely punctured ; elytra with. strongly
punctured stris, interstices rather shining, scarcely punctured, with a
longitudinal patch at base of suture before scutellum, and two rather
regular bands, one just before and one behind middle, of thick whitish
or yellowish-white hair-like scales; legs black, tarsi testaceous.
L, 2-2} mm. :

On hazel, birch, oak, &e., in woods; apparently generally distributed throughout
the kingdom and common from the midland districts sonthwards; it is, however, less

common further north; Scotland, searce, Solway, Tweed and Moray districts ;
Ireland, Armagh and Dublin and probably general.

O. iota, F. Oblong-ovate, black, rather dull, clothed with short
black hairs ; antennz reddish testaceous, scape and funiculus sometimes
pitchy, the former short, inserted towards base of rostrum ; thorax com-
paratively long, narrowed in front, closely and strongly punctured, with
a well marked central channel, sete at sides very distinct ; elytra with
broad and deeply punctured strie, interstices rugose, base of suture with a
well marked white longitudinal patch; legs black, tarsi ferruginons.
L. 2-25 mm.

- On Myrica Gale; in boggy places ; it has also been observed on the leaves of birch ;

rare or ratber extremely local; Chobham; New Forest, where I have taken it

. abundantly about a mile from Brockenhurst at the end of August; it has also been
found near Lyndhurst by Mr. Walker; Isle of Wight near Whitchurch, also near
Hartley Row, Hants (S. Stevens); on sweet gale, Gosport, not common June and
July (Moncreaff).

The following four species belong to the genus Tachyerges, Schinh.,
and are characterized by having the funiculus of the antenne composed

of seven joints.

O. stigma, Germ. Oblong-ovate, moderately convex, black, with
véry sparing greyish pubescence, which is sometimes thicker and forms a
spot at scutellum; antenne black or pitchy black, with an elongate
club, seape long, inserted a little in front of the middle of rostrum in

262 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Orchestes.

the male, and at about the middle in the female; thorax compara-
tively long, conical, obsoletely channelled, with the sides not rounded
or dilated ; elytra with strong, crenulately punctured strie, interstices
convex, somewhat rugose transversely; legs black, posterior femora
comparatively slightly thickened ; the rostrum is shining and punctured
and has an abbreviated channel in the middle. L, 24-3 mm.

On sallows, willows, alders, &c.; locally eommon; London district, common 3
Norfolk; Hastings ; Portsmouth distriet ; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton; Netile-
comb, Somerset; Midland districts, general ; Langworth Wood, Lincoln; Stretford,
near Manchester; Liverpool district, local; Northumberland and Durham district ;
Scotland, scarce, Solway, Tweed, Forth and Clyde districts. Ireland, near Dublin.

O. decoratus (Germ. nec Steph.*). Suboval, slightly convex, black,

sparingly pubescent, rather dull, with the antenne and tarsi testaceous ; ”

rostrum obsoletely punctured ; thorax strongly transverse; scutellum
thickly clothed with white scales ; elytra with two rather obsolete
fascize formed of small white lines, with punctured strie, interstices
granulately punctured ; the antenne are inserted a little behind the
middle of the rostrum ; Thomson compares the species with O. rusct
and says that it is distinguished by having the rostrum obsoletely
punctured, the antenne eleven-jointed, the club longer, the scutellum
(which in O. rusct is dark but has a whitish longitudinal patch before it)
clothed with white scales, and the interstices dull and granulately
punctured. L. 23 mm.

On the leaves of willows; the larva has been found on Salix fragilis ; Scotland,
very rare, on sallows, Solway district (Sharp, Scot. Nat., Oct. 1879, p. 191) ; mveh
confusion has arisen with regard to this species, through the error of Stephens ; the
species was omitted from our lists, but has now been reinstated by Dr. Sharp, who
alone has taken the true insect in Britain ; he has kindly lent me a specin en and
says that it is no doubt still to be found about Cairn Water in Dumfriesshire ; it
appears to be not uncommon in Central and Southern Europe.

O. salicis, L. (bifasciatus, F. nec Steph. ; capree, F.). Ovate, deep
black ; head thickly punctured, rostrum with fine punctures ; antennz
testaceous with the club fuscous, the scape being inserted at about
middle of rostram ; thorax transverse, closely punctured, with yellowish-
white scale-like hairs in middle, and whitish hairs at sides near base,
which are often rubbed off; scutellum white; elytra with broad and
deep punctured striz, interstices somewhat convex, transversely rugose,
rather shining, with two bands of white scales, the hinder one narrow
and almost regular, tne one in front, dentate and mueh widened in
middle and joining the longitudinal patch before seutellum ; this patch
and the space on each side of it is more or léss distinctly reddish or
reddish-yellow ; the markings are very distinct; legs entirely black, a
character that will eastly separate it from O. rusct. L. 23-2? mm.

On willows and sallows; the larva has been observed on S. fragilis; not uncommon

and very widely distributed throughout England and Wales; Scotland, common, Sol-
way, Tweed, Forth, Dee and probably other districts. Ireland near Dublin and Belfast

* The 0. decoratus of Stephens, as well as his O. affinis, are only O. rusci.

—<— =.

Orchestes.] RHYNCHOPHORA, 263

and most likely general; it appcars to be more widely distributed but less common
where it occurs than several of the other species.

©. saliceti, Payk. This very small species differs from all the
others found in Britain in not having the posterior femora sensibly
dilated ; in this respect it resembles O. poyuli, a larger species, which
occurs in Northern, Central and Southern Europe, and has been wrongly
introduced into our lists by Stephens (and on his authority referred to
Britain by M. Brisout), on specimens of O. stigma, in which the posterior
femora are ‘comparatively slightly dilated ; subovate, black, rather
shining, slightly pubescent ; head opaque, finely punctured; rostrum
shining, delicately punctured ; anternz red, with the club dark, inserted
a little behind middle of rostrum, funiculus seven-jointed; thorax
searcely transverse, convex, strongly and not closely punctured, with the
sides rounded, hardly narrower at apex than base ; elytra oval, much
broader than thorax, with very strong and deep punctured strie, inter-
stices almost narrower than the striz, convex and shining ; femora
black, tibie and tarsi red, the latter sometimes pitchy ; the species has
more the facies of Tanysphyrus than of an Orchestes and certainly seems
distinct generically at first sight. L. 1} mm.

On various willows and sallows (Salix cinerea, alba, caprea, &e.) ; local and, as a
rule, not common; Putney (Champion); Snodland, Kent; Wimbledon Common
(8. Stevens); Hammersmith (Power); Norfolk and Somersetshire (Stephens) ;
Portsmouth district (Moncreaff) ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent (W. Garneysand myself) ;
Chat Moss (Chappell); Southport (Reston) ; Northumberland and Durham district
(Bold) ; Scotland, local, on sallows, Solway, Tweed, Dee and probably other districts
(Sharp); Ireland, Glasnevin, near Dublin (McNab’s list); it appears te be very
scarce in tbe Midland counties, but to become commoner in the North.

RHAMPHWUS, Clairville.

_ The members of this genus are small insects which closely resemble
Orchestes, but differ in having the antennz straight and inserted at the
base of the rostrum between the eyes, and the upper surface of the
body glabrous, and by the very short scape of the antennz ; the anterior
cox are plainly separated ; about four are known, which all inhabit
Europe ; the larva of the single British species is found on the leaves of
various trees, willow, apple, cherry, birch, &c.

_ BR. flavicornis, Clairv. (pulicarius, Herbst.). Obovate, rather
depressed, black, glabrous, slightly shining; antenne ferruginous or
reddish testaceous, with the club, which is rather elongate, dark ;
scape very short, shorter than the first joint of the funiculus, which is
globose-ovate ; thorax transverse, narrowed in front, with distinct
punctuation, which is scanty, as a rule, on disc; elytra with strongly
punctured striz, interstices narrow and flat; legs entirely black,
posterior femora rather strongly thickened. L. 1-14 mm.
On willows, cherry, birch, apple, &c.; locally common throughout the greater
of England and Wales; Scotland, local, Solway, Tweed, Forth and Moray
districts ; Ireland, Dublin, Queenstown, Waterford and probably general; it appears
to be found in most localities in the Midland counties of England.

264 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Erirrhinina.

ERIRRHININA,

This is a large and important tribe, which has been very variously cou-
stituted; from the curculionina (Hylobiina) it may be distinguished by the
long and slender rostrum and by the fact that the opening of the scrobes
is not visible from above ; from the Bagoina it differs in the formation of
the third tarsal joint, and from the Hyperina by the stronger hooks at
the apex of the tibis, the more or less distinctly carinate rostrum, and the
fact that the trochanters are usually furnished with a long outstanding
seta; considerable confusion has existed with regard to the division of the
old genus Hrirrhinus, and great confusion has lately arisen as to its
nomenclature owing to the fact that Dorytomus of Sahlberg (1823) has
been discovered by M. Bedel to be identical with Erirrhinus of Stephens
(1831), and therefore a new name (Hteophilus) is proposed by him for the
Dorytomus of Stephens, and the well-known name of Hrirrhinus is sunk
altogether, the name of the tribe also being changed to Dorytomina :
I have, however, preferred to adhere, as far as possible, to the old
arrangement, as, according to Bedel’s nomenclature, Dorytomus means
one genus with him, and another with Stephens, Thomson and other
authors, and besides this the authorities for the so-called type species
are in many cases insufficient and sometimes erroneous,

Tho British genera may be divided as follows :— hm
I, Anterior femora simple.

i. Elytra with rows of thick raised setze on the alter-

nate interstices; third joint of the tarsi without

setose pubescence beneath.
1. Shoulders not marked, completely rounded off ;

thorax scarcely narrowed before Opex Fs OrTHOCHETES, Geri.
2. Shoulders well marked; thorax rather strongly ‘
narrowed before apex . . PsEUDOstyPHLus, Tourn.

ii, Elytra without rows of raised sete on the alternate
interstices ; third joint of tarsi with setose pubescence
on each lobe beneath.
1. Scape of antennz inserted nearly at apex of
rostrum ; scrobes commencing close to mouth . Procas, Steph.
2. Scape of antenne inserted at some distance from
apex of rostrum ; scrobes not commencing close
to mouth.
A. Elytra with the tenth (or mars stria
effaced or rudimentary . ‘ Pacuyrycuivs, Jekel.
B. Elytra with the tenth stria ‘entire.
a. Anterior tibie straight ; Ey broad
before the anterior coxee . . GRYPiIpivs, Steph.
b. Anterior tibize more or less curved ; pro-
sternum not broad before the anterior
COxe.
a*. Prosternum emarginate in front without
a distinct transverse line ; elytra glabrous
or pubescent, without short scales; eyes
oval, depressed . ERIRRHINUS, Schinh.
b*, Prosternum truncatein front and bordered
by a well-marked transyerse line; elytra

Erirrhinina.| RHYNCHOPHORA, 265

with the suture at least clothed withshort
seales; eyes rounded, subeconvex . . . . THRYOGENES, Bedel.
Il. Anterior femoratoothed . . ... =. . - - Doryronus, Steph.

“© : ORTHOCETES, Germar.

This genus comprises four or five species, which are confined to
Europe; our single representative is a small dull insect, somewhat
elongate, with very strong raised setz on the alternate interstices of the
elytra, and with the shoulders not marked ; it is found at the roots of
plants and exactly resembles the ground on which it occurs, being in
fact often covered with an incrustation of dirt, somewhat after the
fashion of Georyssus.

O. setiger, Beck. Oblong, pitchy brown, but usually covered with
mud and dust so that it appears dull grey; rostram rather long and
stout, carinate ; antenne red-brown; head and thorax covered with
rough recumbent grey hairs, the latter subquadrate, rugosely punctured ;
elytra elongate-oval, with deep punctured striz, alternate interstices
raised, with a row of stout and erect whitish-yellow sete. L. 2}-2}
mm.

At roots of low plants, especially Senecio jacobea (Ragwort), Rumez acetosella,
&c., in sandy and chalky places; also in moss ; very local but widely distributed and
not uncommon in some districts, ‘especially i in the Sonth ; Caterham, Croydon, Shirley,
Box Hill, cae ag st Faversham, Mickleham, Cowley, Weybridge, Chatham,
Sheerness, Sou end, Epping Forest ; ‘Birdbrook, Essex ; Hertford; Wicken Fen;
" Cambridge (one specimen, Power) ; Kingsgate; Dover ; Deal; Hast-
ings ; 3; Holm Bush and Kemp Town, Brighton ; Hayling Island ; Portsmouth: 3
district ; Isle of Wight, Ventnor, &.; Chesil Beach ; Weymouth ; Glanvilles
Wootton ; Whitsand Bay, Plymouth ; Woollacombe Sands, Devon ; Scotland, Tweed
and Forth districts (recorded on Murray’s authority, Dr. Sharp haying seen no
Scotch specimens) ; Ireland, Portmarnock. Mr. Moncreaff bas taken the species in
cop. on flowers of ragwort in April, and says that in autumn and winter it is to be
met with in dead leaves at the base of this plant.

PSEUDOSTYPHLUS, Tourmier.

This genus contains three European species; the type P. pilumnus
has usually been included under Erirrhinus, but it differs considerably
from that genus and in size and general appearance more closely
res mbles Orthocetes, from which it may be known by its well marked
shoulders ; the rows of coarse raised sete on the elytra will easily dis-
tinguish it from other allied species ; the antennz have the second joint
of the funiculus much shorter than the first and somewhat rounded,
the tarsi are short with the second joint transverse, and the femora are
not toothed.

P. pilumnus, Gyll. (setiger, Perris.). Oblong-ovate, pitchy or
reddish brown, thickly clothed with pale grey depressed scales; head

266 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Poeudostyphlus.

short, depressed ; rostrum as long as head and thorax, curved, stout,
more or less distinctly rugose, rafo-testaceous or ferruginous; antenne
red, with the club sometimes darker, pubescent; thorax about as long
as broad, more or less constricted in front, sides moderately rounded,
closely and deeply punctured ; elytra with the sides subparallel, narrowed
at apex, with rather fine punctured strie, alternate interstices slightly
elevated and furnished with scattered erect thick white sete; legs
shortish, stout, pale ferruginous and pubescent, L. 3 mm. )

On Matricaria chamomilla; very local, but not uncommon where it occurs;

Caterham, Claygate, Lee, Chatham, Sheerness, Cowley ; Stratford; Portsmouth
(J. J. Walker) ; Lumps Pond, Southsea (Moncreaff).

PROCAS, Stephens.

Five species from Europe and Northern Africa are recorded in the
Munich Catalogue as belonging to this genus, but they seem to have
been confused : according to Bedel one species occurs both in Europe
and Africa (P. armillatus, F.), one in Asia (P. biguttatus, Faust), and
a third in North America (P. Lecontei, Bedel) ; the first of these species
is very rare, and hardly shows itself except during the cold season; all
day it remains buried in the ground without any indication of its
whereabouts being left on the surface ; the upper surface is almost with-
out scales; antenne geniculate, 12-jointed, rather long and slender,
inserted near apex of rostrum, club oblong-ovate, acuminate ; rostrum
long, rather slender, and curved; eyes depressed; thorax with the sides
rounded, the base bisinuate, and the disc convex; scutellum minute,
rounded ; elytra oblong-ovate, rather long, much broader at base than
base of thorax, with the shoulders well marked; femora subclavate,
without a tooth.

P. armillatus, F. (Steveni, Gyll. ; picipes, Marsh; granulicoilis,
Walton). Black, almost without scales or pubescence, at most with
slight ashy pubescence on upper side and some ashy scales beneath ;
rostrum rugosely punctured with a more or less distinct central carina,
antenne red or ferruginous; thorax very closely and rather strongly
punctured with a smooth central raised line; scutellum pubescent ; elytra
with distinct punctured striz, interstices finely granulate ; legs black or
pitchy black, pubescent, tarsi reddish, with joints 1-3 furnished beneath
with rather long hairs, apex of tibise more or less thickly clothed with
whitish pubescence. L. 4-7 mm, -

Marshy places ; usually not far from the sea; under stones, at the roots of trees,
in moss, &c., in winter and spring; very rare; Battersea Fields, Bristol and Norfolk
(Stephens) ; received from the late Mr. Hemming who took it near Brighton (S.
Stevens).

V. granulicollis, Walton. This variety, which Walton considered a
separate species, is smaller than the type, and has the head foveolated,

— —— ———

-™ de

eS hel

Proras.] _ RHYNCHOPHORA. 267

the rostrum slightly thickened at apex, and the thorax more closely and
granulately sculptured; in the only specimen I have seen, the elytra are
more pubescent, the pubescence being rather obscure, but plainly
chequered. L. 43-5 mm.

Amongst moss and decaying vegetable matter; Mr. Walton (Annals and Mag. of
Natural History, 1844, 111) says that the only specimen he had seen was found
amongst moss and decayed vegetable matter from a wood at some distance from
Carlisle, in December, by T. C. Heysham, Esq., who presented it to him; this speci-
men is probably the one in Dr. Power’s collection as it has Mr. Heysham’s name
behind the on which it is mounted ; at first sight it looks distinct from the type
form, but the Jatter is variable in size, pubescence, &c., and Mr. Crotch was evidently

right in regarding it as only an extreme form of the type.

PACHYTYCHIUS, Jekel.

This genus contains a considerable number of species which are dis-
tributed over a great part of the old world; more than twenty oceur in
Europe; they have-long been regarded as belonging to Tychius, but may
easily be distinguished by the structure of the ventral segments (of
which the second does not at the sides attain the fourth), and the fact
that the tarsal claws are not appendiculate ; the single British species
used to be regarded as one of our rarest insects, but has recently been
found in considerable numbers near Gosport by Mr. Moncreaff,

P. hematocephalus, Gy]l. Rather short and broad, pitchy red or
ferruginous, sometimes pitchy black ; head, antenne and rostrum red,
the latter moderately long, stout, strongly curved, and finely striated,
shining ; thorax transverse, broad, with the sides strongly dilated and
rounded and narrowed at base and apex, punctuation close and fine but
distinet, pubescence scanty except at sides where there is a more or less
distinct whitish curved spot; scutelium thickly covered with greyish-
white seales ; elytra at base not broader than middle of thorax, rather
short, subparallel, narrowed at apex, with tessellated greyish scales,
which are often dark along suture, underside with whitish or greyish
seales; striez distinct, but not strongly punctured, interstices rugose
legs stout, ferruginous, more or less squamose, anterior and intermediate
femora simple, posterior femora strongly toothed. L. 3-4 mm.

On Lotus corniculatus ; extremely local ; Portsmouth district (Moncreaff) ; Mr.
Moncreaff says that it is abundant in June at the roots of grass near Gosport, and

that it feeds on the seeds of the birdsfoot trefoil; the larve, according to Perris,
live in the pods of this plant.

GRYPIDIUS, Stephens.

This genus only comprises four species which are peculiar to the
colder portions of the Northern Hemisphere ; they are moderate-sized
insects with the rostrum long and curved, the femora simple and the
tibie slender ; the antenne are rather long and the eyes moderately

268 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Grypidius.

large ; the elytra are much broader than thorax with the shoulders well
marked, and the second abdominal segment is a little longer than the
third and fourth taken together; the tarsi are moderately broad, with
the claws rather large; the species are found in and on aquatic plants.

G. equiseti, F. (Hrirrhinus equiseti, Thoms.). Pitch-black ; breast,
sides of thorax and elytra, and apex of latter closely covered with white
and brownish-grey scales, each elytron with a white spot in the middle
and at shoulders, and with the scales at sides extended in a dentate
patch towards middle ; these markings, however, are only distinct in
fresh specimens ; antenne pitchy ; thorax about as long as broad with
sides contracted before apex, closely and finely sculptured ; elytra much
broader at base than thorax, dilated at shoulders (which are well marked)
and behind middle and very gently sinuate between the dilatations,
narrowed from posterior quarter to apex, with fine punctured striae, and
the third, fifth, and seventh interstices more or less elevated; legs dark,
more or less ferruginous, femora ringed with grey ; mesosternum narrow,
but not linear between the intermediate coxe. L. 43-6} mm.

On Equisetum arvense ; also, according to Bedel, on 2. palustre ; rarely common,
but apparently widely and generally distributed throughout England and Wales;
London district, not common, Battersea Fields, Claygate, Coombe Wood, Ripley,
Chatham; Hythe ; Hastings; Portsmouth district; Isle of Wight, Luccombe, &c. ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Bath; Bristol; Hertford; Bungay, Suffolk; Aylsham and
Rudham, Norfolk; Needwood Forest; Eggington, Burton-on-Trent; Gumley,

’ Market Harborough ; Ripon; York; Scarborough; Wallasey sandhills (common in
spring); Chat Moss; Manchester district ; Northumberland and Durham district ;
Scotland, local, Solway and Forth districts; Ireland, Bray, Belfast, Armagh, &e.

ERIRRHINUS, Schonherr (Notaris, Germ.).

The genus Lrirrhinus, if regarded as ineluding Notaris and Thryo-
genes, contains about forty-five or fifty species which are chiefly coufined
to the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere ; two or three species
have also been described from the Australian region; in its restricted
sense, as here used, it comprises about a dozen moderate-sized insects,
of a black or pitch-brown colour, with or without pubescence ; they
are always found in marshy places near water or on the banks of
streams; but little appears to be known regarding their life history ;
the sexual differences are unimportant.

1. Thorax thickly punctured, with a more or less distinct
smooth central line; upper surface dull or only slightly
shining, with more or less distinct pubescence or long hair-

like scales.

i. Elytra rather thickly and distinctly clothed with scale-
like pubescence, or slender scales, with a small light spot
behind middle of each, sometimes more or less obsolete ;

size larger.
1, Elytra shorter and more oval; light spots on elytra

Evirrhinus.) RHYNOHOPHORA. 269

indistinct; sides of ventral segments with whitish

OE ee ee ee . E. scrert, F.
_ 2. Elytra longer and less oval; light spots on “elytra

distinct: sides of ventral segments without scales ;

seale-like pubescence of elytra arranged, as a rule, in

_ lines on the alternate interstices E. sruacvratvs, F.
ii. Elytra with very scanty scattered hair-like scales, with-
out white spots behind middle; size smaller. E. acriputves, L.

II. Thorax not closely punctured on disc, with the central line
very indistinct or absent ; surface deep black, axed aud
_ very OU SEEN atm se ss le E. ZTHIOPS, F.

&. seirpi, F. Black, dull, clothed moderately thickly with fine
fuscous grey scales, which, however, are much more dense in some
‘specimens than in others ; head smal), punctured, rostrum rather longer
than the head and thorax, moderately curved, black, shining, carinated
above, distinetly striated and punctured ; antennz long and slender,
pitchy-red ; thorax nearly as long as broad, rounded at sides, convex,
thickly, coarsely and more or less confluently punctured, with a narrow
smooth central line ; scutellum thickly covered with ashy scales : elytra
oblong-ovate, much broader at base than thorax, with punctured striae,
which are deeper towards suture, interstices convex, transversely rugn-
lose on disc, thickly granulate towards sides; the surface is more or
less thickly clothed with scales, but the sculpture is always plainly
visible, and a little behind middle towards suture there is a more or
Jess distinct small patch of whitish hairs or scales ; sides of metasternum
and, margins of the abdomen densely clothed with minute tufts of
whitish hairs or séales ; legs rather long, moderately stout, pitchy-red
or reddish-testaceous, thinly pubescent. L. 5-7} mm.

Marshy places; on Scirpus; often found hybernating in stems of Typha latifolia ;
very local; first found by Mr. S. Stevens at Hammersmith Marshes ; Notting Hill
(formerly) 5 Dulwich; Gravesend; Hastings district (common at Peppering and

{inestling); Faygate; Portsmouth ‘district ; Glanvilles Wootton; Rawdon Woods,
Bromsgrove ; Lancaster; Mr. Johuson records it from Armagh.

=. hostages F. More elongate and parallel-sided than the
preeving species, to which it is closely allied, and with the elytra
longer and less oval ; it may also be known by the almost total absence
_ of striation on the rostrum, the much less pronounced strie on disc of
el,tra and the fact that the sides of the abdomen are not clothed with
scales ; the white spots on the elytra are more distinct, and the fuscous-
grey pubescence is, as a rule, arranged i in lines on the alternate inter-
‘stices, especially in fresh specimens, which appear very often to be
distinctly lineated, whereas in Z. scirpi the clothing of the elytra is more
or less confused ; the punctuation also of the thorax is slightly coarser
than in the latter species ; size very variable. L. 53-10 mm.
Male with the abdomen longitudinally impressed at base and the
antennz inserted further in front of middle of rostrum, which is shorter
than in female.

270 RHYNCHOPHORA. ; | Brirrhinus.

Marshy places, especially abont river banks; on sallows and Cyperace@; occasion-
ally found in flood refuse ; not common; Wimbledon, Gravesend, Strood, Chatham,
Barking, Sunbury, Dagenham (Exsex); Norfolk; Dover; Hayling Island; Bristel ;
Crymlyn Bay, Swansea; Bewdley, Brosely, Repton and other midland localities ;
Lincoln, banks of Witham ; Liverpool district, flood refuse from the Alt and Leasowe
embankment; Lancaster; Carlisle; Northumberland and Durham district, 'T'wizell,
near Gilsland ; Scotland, maritime, very local, Solway district. é

E. acridulus, L. Black, rather dull, or moderately shining,
sparingly clothed with greyish squamose pubescence, which is thicker
at sides of thorax and on scattered patches on elytra ; head and rostrum
punctured ; antenne ferruginous; thorax nearly as long as broad,
coarsely and deeply punctured, with a more or less distinet smooth
central line; scutellum pitchy ; elytra oval, with rather deep crenate
stria, much broader at base than thorax, with shoulders well marked,
sides narrowed before apex, interstices rugose ; legs red, with the femora
usually black ; sides of abdomen with greyish scales. L. 3$-5$ mm.

Marshy places; in moss, at roots of grass, on Carex, &c.; common and generally
distributed throughout the kingdom as far north as the Shetland Islands.

E. wethiops, F. Somewhat elongate, or elongate-ovate, deep black,
shining, glabrous; head and base of rostrum distinctly punctured, the

latter smooth, even and shining ; antenne ferruginous; thorax about

as long as broad, with the sides slightly rounded, rather strongly but
somewhat diffusely punctured on disc, more closely at sides; central
line impunctate but not raised ; scutellum small, smooth and shining;
elytra with .deep punctured strie, interstices finely punctured; legs red
or pitchy red ; varieties occur in which the whole body, or at all events

the elytra, are pitchy red, and in some specimens the legs are black. -

L. 5-7 mm,

Marshy places ; in moss; on Sparganiuwm ramosum; by sweeping herbage on the
edge of drains, &c.; extremely rare in England ; Askham Bryant, Yorkshire (Stephens);
Askham Bog, York (Stephens) ; Scotland, rare, Solway, Tweed and Tay districts ;
Ireland, apparently locally common; Mr. Johnson tells me that he kas in some
years taken large numbers in the Mullinures, near Armagh, in autumn on Sparganiwm,
and in spring in moss; in 1890 it has, however, been extremely scarce and only one
specimen has been found by him, in moss from Lowry’s Lough, a locality in which it
has not previously occurred. 3

THRYOGENES, Bedel (Lrirrhinus, auct. pars.).

This genus has been formed by Bedel to include 7. festucw, T. Nereis
and 7’. scirrhosus, which have usually been regarded as belonging to
Erirrhinus Schénh.; they differ in having the prosternum truncate in front
and bordered by a well-marked transverse line, the elytra with the
suture at least clothed with short scales, and the eyes rounded and sub.
convex ; the three species known are found in marshy places in Europe
and Northern Asia ; 7’. festuce lives in the stems of various Cyperacee
(Scirpus and Carex); its larva, observed by Boie, bores a gallery in the

ee ay

—— ess

Thryogenes. | -RHYNOHOPHORA. 271

medullary canal of Scirpus lacustris, above the water level; the other
species appear to have much the same habits ; the males may be dis-
tinguished from the females by having the rostrum duller, the two first
ventral segments marked with a strong impression, and the anal segment
truncate at apex ; the three species are extremely closely allied to one
another, and it is very difficult to find satisfactory characters on which
to distinguish them ; those given by Bedel are perhaps as good as any,
but the difference in the clothing of the elytra, and the relative length
of the joints of the funiculus of the antenne is not very evident in, at
all events, some specimens; nor again are the characters proposed. by
Thomson and others, which depend upon the smoothness or striation of ©
the rostrum, the relative length of the joints of the tarsi, ete., or the
differenees drawn from the presence or absence of a spot behind the
middle of elytra, at all reliable.
I, Clothing of elytra consisting entirely of scales; elytra
with the striz on disc less strong.
i, Rostrum longer, punctured and striate (more strongly
in male than in female); second joint of funiculus of
antenne as long as the first, third joint longer than
_broad; sizelarger . . . QT. Festucm, Herbst.
ii. Rostrum shorter, nearly ‘smooth (at all events in
female) ; second joint of funiculus of antennz shorter
than the first, third and ae re moniliform or
transverse; sizesmaller . . T. Nereis, Payk.
II. Clothing of elytra chiefly pilose ; sutare with a band of
scales ; rostrum very eget fila striated ; Soe with the
striae on dise stronger rt ae - . . . + JT. ScrREHOsUS, Gyll.

T. festuc®, Herbst. Elongate, fuscous, thickly clothed with ashy
seales ; head minutely punctured ; rostrum very long, slender and curved,
ferruginous, rather dull, rugosely punctured, finely carinate at base ;
antenne ferruginous ; thorax dull fuscous-brown, very closely sculptured,
with the sides and under surface clothed with minute ashy-white scales,
almost as long as broad, with the sides very slightly rounded ; seutellum
whitish ; elytra long, parallel-sided, with deep and rather obsoletely
punctured strie, interstices coriaceous; the suture, a small spot in
middle of base and a patch behind centre are more thickly covered with
whitish scales ; legs ferruginous or rufo-testaceous. L. 43-5} mm.

Marshy places; especially about the banks of rivers; on Scirpus, Caren, &c.;
occasionally in flood refuse ; very local, and, asa rule, scarce; London district, Kent
and Surrey, not uncommon ; Gravesend, Whitstable, Barnes, Walton, Horsell, Colney
Hatch (Champion, Power and others) ; ; Pangbourne, banks of Thames, once
abundantly on Fescue grass (S. Stevens); Hastings; Leamington and Salford
Priors (Batch).

T. Nereis, Payk. (palustris, Gyll.). Very closely allied to the pre-
ceding, but, on an average, considerably smaller, with the antenne and
rostrum shorter, the latter more shining, almost smooth in the female,
and the joints of the former shorter, rather stonter, and somewhat

272 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Thryogenes.

different in form; the second joint of the funiculus is shorter in pro-
portion to the first, and the third and following ones somewhat monili-
form or transverse; the thorax is less finely punctured and almost
without scales on disc, and the elytra have a spot before the white
patch behind middle more evidently denuded, and the white patch
itself, as a rule, more distinct; the second joint of the tarsi, TiGHOBTAR
is shorter and sub-transverse. ee 33-44 mm,

Marshy places; by sweeping reeds, &c. ; local, but common where it occurs; Clay-
gate, Norwood, Shirley, Woking, Sheerness, Whitstabl», Gravesend, Faversham ;
Norfolk ; Birchington ; Shipley, near Horsham, and Rusper ; Deal ; Sandwich ;
Hastings ; Eastbourne ; Southsea and Portsmouth district; Sandown, I-le of Wight ;

New Forest ; Glanvilles Wootton; Bewdley Forest ; Portishead ; Swansea; Bar-
mouth ; Knowle, near Birmingham ; Neetlwood ; Willington, near Burton-on- Trent ;

Horning Fen; Oxford ; Yorkshire ; Norchuinbetland and Durham district, Twizell

(Selby) ; Ireland, near Belfast; the species has not apparently been found in Scot-
land; it appears to become very scarce further north than the south-midland
counties but to be generally, locally common in the south-eastern and southern
districts.

T. scirrhosus, Gyll. Very like the two preceding species, from
which it may be known by the clothing of the elytra which is chiefly
pilose, the suture being furnished with a band of seales, and by the
evidently stronger crenate striz on the dise of the elytra ; it is smaller
than the ordinary specimens of LF. festwew, but in size appears to be
somewhat intermediate between the two species; in the striation of
the rostrum it resembles the last-mentioned species, but this character
is much more strongly marked, and it ditfers moreover in haying the
joints of the funiculus of the antenne and the second joint of the
tarsi relatively shorter; from 7’. Wereis it may be known by the much
duller and more strongly sculptured rostrum and the more deeply and
closely punctured thorax, as well as by the characters before mentioned.
L, 3$-5 mm.

Marshy places, by sweeping aquatic plants; not common; Esher, Horsell, Burnes,
Sheerness, Eltham, Merton, Colney Hatch, Kingsbury ; Hammersmith Marshes and
Notting Hill (formerly); Pegwell Bay; Kopeep, near Hastings; New Forest;
Let). Park, near Birmingham; Church Stretton; Ireland, near Dublin (McNab’s
List).

DORYTOMUS, Stephens.

The members of this genus are about forty in number and are
peculiar to Europe, Northern Asia, and the more northern parts
of North America; one or two have been described from Southern
Africa; they may be recognized from the two preceding genera
by having the anterior legs, which are approximate at base, more
or less elongated, the anterior femora toothed and the thorax
constricted in front; about thirty species are found in Europe, of
which thirteen or fourteen have been recorded as British ; they nsually
frequent willows, sallows, aspens and poplars; the larve attack
the catkins or terminal shoots; the sexual characters are in many cases

Dorytomus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 273

very distinct and consist in differences in the length of the rostrum
and anterior legs, the shape of the scrobes, &c.; the species, as a rule, are
pitchy and fuscous, with the elytra more or less mottled with ferruginous
scales or pilose pubescence ; in many cases they very closely resemble
one another and require great care in their determination; in fact it
will be found in many cases extremely hard to distinguish them without |
a careful comparison of authentic types.

I have followed M. Bedel in regarding D. costirostris and D. Silber-
mannit as synonymous with D. maculatus, of which species they are
evidently at most varieties.

I. Rostrum long and thin, at least as long as half
the body ; anterior legs of male slender, as long as
the whole body . ieee «ce so «DD. VORAX, F-
(longimanus, Forst).
II Rostrum shorter and stouter, ‘ik as long as half
the body ; auterior legs of male only slightly elon-

gate.
i. Prosternum bordered with a fringe of yellowish
hairs in front.
1. Elytra with depressed pubescence and also
with small raised sete seet are plainly
visible atsides. . . -.. - « « « QD. nretipenntss, Bedel.

{tentatus, Brit. Cat.)
°2. Elytra with depressed pubescence and without
raised sete.

A. Rostrum channelled or with longitudinal
striw, longer than the head and
thorax united.
a. Elytra with well marked variegated
seale-like pubescence (which more or
less covers the upper surface), scarcely
broader at shoulders than base of thorax ;
anterior tibiz distinctly angled in the
middle of their inner magin in the
male. . - . D. TrEmovta, PF.
b. Elytra almost glabrous, plainly broader
at shoulders than base of thorax ; anterior
tibis almost straight on their inner mar-
gin in both sexes . - D. rorrrix, LZ.
B. Rostrum even, thickly punctured, and
" pest te eecey ne one a head ond
thorax united D, VALIDIROsSYRIs, Gyll.
ii. Prosternum without a trace of a fringe of
hairs extending beyond its anterior border.
1. Anterior margin of prosternum not emar-
joer tee erecpap elytra with a very
slight prominence, usually covered with
bbe hare hairs, at the apex of the fifth inter-

‘Ai tes Rostrum almost glabrous, longer and ‘
thinner; form narrower . . . - - D.macuratus, Marsh.
¥ (teniatus, F. nec Brit. Cat.)
*V. costirostris, Schénh.
V. Sdbermanni, Wenck.

VOL. V. T

274 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Dorytomus,

B. Rostrum in part pubescent, shorter and
thicker; form broader . . . . D. arFinis, Payk.
2, Anterior margin of prosternum deeply
emarginate in middle, the emargination
being sometimes almost hidden by the
pubescence which fills it; elytra without
small prominences before apex.
A. Head red; rostrum shiny.
a. Rostrum régularly curved for its whole
length, usually red but sometimes
brown; elytra red, or wes in front
and along suture. . . r . . D.MELANOPHTHALMUS, Payk.
V. agnathus, Boh.
b. Rostrum almost straight to the inser-
tion of the antenne and then slightly
curved; insect entirely red . . . . D. PEcToRALIS, Gyll.
(rufulus, Bedel.
B. Head black ; rostrum dull, rather stout,
usually black.
a. Thorax plainly longer than broad ;
body behind thorax slender, scarcely
broader than base of thorax . . . . D, sanictnus, Gyll.
b. Thorax slightly trausverse or about as
long as broad; body behind thorax
broader, plainly broader than base of
thorax.
a*, Rostrum distinctly channelled ;
thorax rather longer ; colour of elytra
lighter . . . D. sattors, Walt.
b*. Rostrum not channelled ; thorax
slightly ras aa colour of elytra
darker . . . - . D. masatis, Payk.

D. vorax, I. (Jongimanus, Forst). Pitchy, with uneven ashy tomen-
tose pubescence, elytra variegated with ferruginous and black, thorax
often more or less ferruginous ; head small, punctured, rostrum long,
strongly curved, shining black, striated ; antennze red with club often
darker ; thorax transverse, strongly constricted before apex, with the
sides rounded, rather thickly pubescent, closely and distinctly punctured ;
elytra with plain punctured striz, interstices broad ; prosternum broad
between the anterior cox ; abdomen with sides and apex ferruginous ;
legs ferruginous or more or less pitchy, femora, except apex, and more
or less of tibia, often darker; size variable. s, 43-73 mm.

Male with ‘the rostrum much longer, and the ‘antennss inserted
further towards its apex, and the anterior legs slender and very elon-

ate.
Female with the rostrum and anterior legs comparatively short.

On poplars and aspens ; often found hiding in the chinks of the bark in numbers
in late autumn and winter ; local, in the London and southern districts, but common
where it occurs; Coombe Wood; Tooting; Dover; Glanvilles Wootton (common) ;
Exeter ; widely distributed in the Midlands ; ; Lincoln, abundant in cracks of willow

bark near a row of aspens to the south of the town; Manchester district, general in
decayed poplars; Scarborough ; much less common in the north; Northumberland

———

Dorytomus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 275

and Durham district, apparently rare; Scotland, rare, Solway, Tweed, Forth and
Clyde districts. I know of no record from Ireland, but it almost certainly occurs in

that country.

D. tremula, F. Fusco-ferruginous, occasionally light ferruginons,
with ashy pubescence, which is much variegated on elytra; head closely,
but rather distinctly punctured, rostrum long and slender, shining
black, glabrous, curved and striated; antenne lighter or darker red ;
thorax transverse, with the sides rounded, broadest a little before
middle, rather finely punctured, with a raised central line which is
more distinct in front; elytra oblong, scarcely broader at shoulders
_ than thorax; legs stout, lighter or darker red, femora robust and
clavate and armed with a strong tooth. L. 4-5 mm.

Male with anterior tibie produced into a distinct angle in the middle
of their inner side, and the rostrum more distinctly striated ; teeth of
femora very strong.

Female with the anterior tibie almost straight, and the rostrum less
distinctly striated ; teeth of femora less strong.

On Populus alba (White Poplar) and Populus tremula (Aspen); rare; Birch
Wood, and Swanscombe Wood, near Gravesend, Kent (on young aspens at the end of
June); West Wickham (T. Wood) ; Glanvilles Wootton (Dale); Fordlands, Devon
titeyshees Bristol; South Wales; Knaresborough, Yorkshire, and near Carlisle

Heysham) ; the stouter form, broader thorax and more robust legs will separate it
from the allied species.

D. tortrix, L. One of the most distinct of all the species; pale
testaceous, rather shining, almost glabrous, with thin and scanty uneven
pubescence, and not variegated ; breast fuscous ; head closely punctured,

' gostrum moderately long, slightly curved, shining, finely striated and

; thorax transverse, finely but evidently punctured, with the
-eentral line not very distinct; elytra with rather strong punctured
strie, interstices finely punctured ; legs pale testaceous yellow with the
femora slightly clavate and dentate. L. 5-6 mm.
_ Male with the antennz inserted further in front of middle of rostrum,
and the teeth of the femora stronger.
_ On aspens willows, local but not uncommon where it occurs; Dulwich,
Darenth Wood, Caterham, Hampstead, Cowley, The Holt, Farnham, Swanscombe
Wood, near Gravesend, &c.; Norfolk; Suffolk; St. Peters, Kent; Glanvilles
Wootton ; Devon; Bristol; South Wales; Midland districts, widely distributed an:
found in many localities ; Scarborough; Alton, near Manchester; Northumberland
and Durham district, Twizell and Durham; Scotland, on aspens and Lombardy

a, Solway, Forth, Dee, Moray and probably other districts; Ireland, near
blin and Belfast, and probably widely distributed.

__ QD. hirtipennis, Bedel (¢eniatus, Brit. Cat., Gyll., Thoms., nee F.),
Fuscous, or fusco-ferruginous, dull, clothed with rather thick greyish
pubescence and with small raised black sete on the elytra which are
plainly visible at the sides; the thorax is either fuscous, or ferruginou-,
or ferruginous with a fuscous spot in the centre, aud the elytraare varie-
: tT 2

276 RHYNCHOPHORA. _ [Dorytomus.

gated as in many of the allied species; head thickly punctured, rostrum
rather stout and comparatively short, very dull, striated and rugose, and
almost straight to the insertion of the antennz ; antenne red or pitchy
red ; thorax transverse, closely and rather strongly punctured, slightly
narrowed at base ; elytra with strongly punctured striz, interstices very
narrow, with the shoulders and a small point before apex with white
pubescence; these small spots are however not, or scarcely, distinct
from the general variegation; legs red or pitchy red, femora toothed.
L. 3-4 mm.

Male with the teeth of the femora stronger and the antenne inserted a
little behind apex of rostrum.

On willows ; very local and, as a rule, rare; Birdb-ook, Essex, in numbers (ninety
specimens were tuken by Dr. Power on one occasion, Feb. 16th to 18th, 1868, and f£
remember his telling me that in collecting them from bark in a marshy place he
caught a serious illness, which laid him up for a long time); London district
(Stephens); Northampton (Greville and Hamlet. Clark); banks of the Bollin,
Cheshire, and banks of the Mersey (Chappell) ; Stretford district, Manchester (Res-
ton) ; Northumberland and Durham district, Castle Eden Dene (Bold) ; net recorded
from Scotland.

The species may be known from its nearest allies by the rugosely sculp-
tured rostrum, and especially by the black setz on the elytra, as well as
by its smaller size.

D. validirostris, Gyll. Oblong-ovate, black orferruginous, variegated
with greyish spotted pubescence; head finely punctured, rostrum very
short, thick, nearly straight, closely and finely punctured, and sparingly
pubescent ; antenne ferruginous, with the club fuscous ; thorax trans-
verse, abruptly narrowed. in front, with the sides dilated and rounded,
closely punctured, thickly pubescent at sides; elytra with the shoulders
elevated, the sides straight, a little convex above, finely striated, the
strie being closely punctured, in mature specimens pitchy black, but
often lighter, with the suture and a band towards the side of the elytra
pale red, variegated on disc and more or less at sides with unequal
fuscous blotches, interspersed with whitish spots ; the outer margins,
from the shoulders towards the apex, are, in fresh and mature specimens,
often broadly edged with whitish ; legs short, robust, ferruginous, some-
times pale rufous; femora clavate, armed with a strong tooth. L. 4-42
mm,

On Populus nigra; very local but not uncommon where it occurs; first taken by
Mr. S. Stevens near Hammersmith bridge, and found by him in numbers on the Barnes
side, and also taken in profusion by Mr. Walton in the same locality, after a high
wind, on the lower branches of poplars, and on the grass and shrubs beneath; Dr,
Power once took thirty in Mr, Brewer’s garden (I believe, near London) ; Needwood,
Staffordshire (Gorham).

D. maculatus, Marsh (/wmosus, Steph. Jl].; teniatus, F., nec
Brit. Cat.). Black or pitchy black, or, as is usually the case in most of
the darker species, more or less ferrnginous in examples that are not quite

VX——

ne Ey tee

Dorytomus.} _ RHYNCHOPHORA. 277

mature ; the thorax also is variable in colour, being pitchy black or red-
dish or reddish with dark markings; upper surface slightly shiny, with
ashy pubescence, elytra variegated ; rostrum moderately stout, longer
than thorax, carinate in middle and striated on each side, but less duil
and rugose than i in D. validirostris ; antenne ferruginous with the club
often darker ; thorax transverse, rather strongly constricted in front,
with the sides dilated and rounded, not very strongly but rather closely
and very distinctly punctured, with an indistinct central line, which is
more or less plain in front ; elytra with rather strong punctured strie,
interstices finely punctured, apex of fifth interstice with a small white
patch ; legs ferruginous, femora F tocthod. L. 33-43 mm.

Male with the antennz inserted nearer the apex of rostrum than in
thefemale.

On willows and sallows ; common and generally distributed throughout the kinglom.

V. costirostris, Gyll. (bituberculatus, Zett.). This variety has by
many authors been considered to be a separate species, but it can hardly
be regarded as distinct : it is larger, on an average, than the type form,
and has the sides of the thorax gradually dilated from apex to middle
and broadest in middle, whereas in the type form it is rather suddenly
dilated behind apex and broadest before middle ; this character is, how-
ever, often hard to perceive ; the teeth of the femora are, apparently, a
little stronger ; Walton, who first introduced D. costirostris as British,
says that it is very hard to distinguish the species from D. maculatus,
except by the size and the fact that the latter species appears earlier in the
spring and is constantly found on a difierent food plant, the grey sallow
(Salix cinerea), whereas D. costirostris is found on the aspen (Populus
tremula) ; I believe, however, that D. maculatus is found at almost any
time, and the differences of the food plant certainly cannot be relied
upon, and I therefore prefer to follow Bedelin keeping them together.
L. 4-5 mm.

On young aspens and sallows; not common; Esher; Darenth and Swanscombe
Woods; Kent; Windsor Forest ; Rusper; Southsea ; Glanvilles Wootton; Coleshill,
near Birmingham; Bagley Wood, Oxon; Marple; Agecroft, near Manchester;
Northamberland and Durham district, Gosforth Woods, very rare; Walton states
that he has “‘ received many specimens of D. costirostris from the Rev. W. Little,
taken in Scotland, but not accoa panied with any of D. maculatus; also from Mr-.
R. N. Greville, who found them rather abundantly on the Lombardy poplar near
Edinburgh.” Dr. Sharp does not mention D. costirostris as Scotch, and it is possible
that the records must be referred to the rar. Silbermannt.

V. Silbermanni, Wenck. This variety differs from the type form
in its larger size, less closely punctured thorax, and more strongly
toothed femora, and from the rar. costirostris in its average larger size,
wider shape, thicker and shorter rostrum, and the uniform spots on its
elytra. L. 5 mm.

On willows and aspens; often under bark in winter; not uncommon ;_ Sheerness,
Darenth Wood, Caterham, Dulwich, Forest Hill, &e.; Mr. Crotch remarks that it
seems to be abundant with us in early spring, so it is most likely generally distri-

278 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Dorytomus.

buted, but confused with the ordinary type form; Seotland, common, Solway,
Forth, Tay, Dee and probably other districts.

D. affinis, Payk. Black, clothed with thick ashy pubescence, dull,
antenne and legs obscurely ferruginous; rostrum stout, almost straight,
scarcely as long as the head and thorax united, rugose and striate,
partially pubescent; thorax closely, finely, and somewhat obsoletely
punctured, with the sides slightly rounded; elytra variegated with
ashy pubescence and ferruginous spots, with a small white callosity be-
fore apex ; femora with pointed teeth ; the species may be distinguished
from typical D. maculatus by its larger size and much broader form,
and from the latter species and its varieties by having the rostrum
shorter, thicker, less curved, and evidently pubescent. L. 43-5 mm.

Male with the antenns inserted a little behind the apex of th
rostrum, :

On aspens ; very rare; introduced by Walton as British on a single specimen taken
by the Rev. H. Clark at the end of May, in an excursion to Gamlinghay, Cam-
bridgeshire ; London district and Swansea (Stephens); Glanvilles Wootton, abun-
dant (Dale), but this may be in error, as the species is very closely allied to others ;

it hasa very wide range from Siberia and Northern Europe to Algeria, and there is
no reason why it should not occur more commonly in Britain.

D. melanophthalmus, Payk. Oblong, rufo-testaceous, more or

less pitchy beneath, clothed with pale ashy pubescence, which is
slightly variegated on the elytra; head punctured, pilose ; antennz
slender, rufo-testaceous ; rostrum longer than the head and thorax to-
gether, regularly eurved for its whole length, stout, striated and pune-
tured, slightly pubescent, red or brownish ; thorax rather broader than
long, depressed within apex, much dilated and rounded at sides, thickly
punctured; elytra oblong, much broader at shoulders than apex, with
distinct punctured striz, interstices closely punctured; legs moderate,
femora clavate, armed with a sharp tooth, which is stronger in the
male than in the female; the former sex, also, has the antenne inserted
nearer the front of the rostrum. L. 3-4 mm.

V. agnathus, Boh. (dorsalis, Thoms.?). In this variety the elytra
are dark at base, the colour extending for a greater or less distance
towards apex. L. 3-4 mm.

On sallows (Salix caprea, cinerea, &c.) ; local, but not uncommon where it occurs ;
Darenth Wood, Weybridge, Woking, Horsell, Sydenham, Tilgate, Esher (in plenty
in the latter locality, Sept. 24th, 1870 (Power)); Hastings; Bewdley Forest ;
Cromer; Northumberland and Durham district, on willows, near Axwell Park; Scot-
land, local, Solway district.

D. pectoralis, Gyll. (ru/ulus, Bedel). Closely allied to the pre-
ceding, from which it differs in being a little shorter and proportionately
broader and more convex, and also in having the rostrum almost straight
to the insertion of the antenne and then slightly curved ; colour red or
yellowish-red ; breast brown or blackish ; rostrum with the apex fuscous,

a alas Sew ht Cree,

Dorytomus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 279

plainly pubescent, striate and rugose at base; thorax with the sides
moderately rounded, distinctly punctured; elytra elongate-ovate with
moderately strong punctured striw, and with scanty and fine greyish
pubescence; legs red, teeth of femora moderate or rather feeble. L.
3-4 mm. ‘

On sallows ; local, but rather common where it occurs; Darenth Wood, Whit-
stable, Sevenoaks, Woking, Coombe, Wimbledon, Sydenham, Esher; Rusper;
Dover; New Forest ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Somersetshire; South Wales; Bewdley,
Birmi district, Mashfield (Leicestershire), Needwood (Staffordshire), and other

localities ; Langworth Wood, Lincoln; Manchester district; Northumber-
land and Durham district; Scotland, local, Solway, Clyde, Moray and probably
other districts ; Ireland, near Dublin.

D. salicinus, Gyll. Elongate, narrow, pitchy black, or more or less
ferruginous, variegated, and clothed with whitish pubescence ; head
small, black, closely punctured; rostrum longer than the head and
thorax, rugose-striate, black, with the apex rufous; antenne ferruginous,
with the club black; thorax evidently longer than broad, slightly
dilated and evenly rounded at the sides, black, with the anterior and
posterior margins rufous, thickly punctured and sparingly pubescent.
Elytra long and narrow, scarcely broader at base than thorax, with
the shoulders somewhat elevated and the sides straight, punctured striz
distinct, interstices narrow and rugose, pubescence coarse; breast black,
thickly pubescent ; legs pitchy, or lighter or darker red; colour very
variable, presenting all shades from pitchy-brown almost black, to red-
dish-testaceous ; the head, however, is always black. L. 3-34 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter and more pubescent than in the female,
and with the teeth of the femora stronger. .

On willows ; rare or rather extremely local; Hoveton, Horning, Norfolk (Power) ;
Horning Marshes, in July or the beginning of August (Curtis); Wicken Fen, Cam-
bridge. in profusion, April 9th, 1863 (Power); Mr. Blatch has also taken it in the
latter locality. Scotland, Solway district, common in Dumfriesshire (Sharp).

This and the two following species may be known from the two pre-
ceding by their black head, and from D. hirtipennis (teniatus), which
they resemble in size, by the absence of black raised sete on the elytra ;
D. salicinus is one of the most distinct of all the species and one of the
most easily recognized, by reason of its elongate form, narrow elytra,
which are scarcely broader than thorax, and especially by the fact that
the thorax is evidently longer than broad, whereas it is plainly trans-
verse or subtransverse in all our other species.

D. salicis, Walt. Oblong-ovate, rufo-ferruginous, with the head,
rostrum, and breast black ; sparingly clothed with ashy pubescence, and
maculated on the elytra; head small, subglobose, thickly punctured,
with the forehead channelled, black; rostram rather thick, as long as
the head and thorax, rugosely striate, pubescent, black, with the apex
testaceous; antennze reddish, with the club black ; thorax slightly
transverse, or almost as long as broad, with the sides dilated and

280 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Dorytomus.

evenly round-d, closely punctured on the dise, ragosely punctured to-
wards the sides, and with a distinct, smooth, dorsal carina; elytra
rather long ovate, with the shoulders a little elevated, the sides dilated
and rounded, and with punctured strie, of which the punetures are
close and rather large ; legs rather short, eritirely rufous or rufo-
testaceous ; femora armed with a small tooth L. 3-3} mm.

On sallows; in June; rare; Wimbledon Common on dwarf sallows (S. Stevens);
Wimbledon (Power); Coombe (one specimen, June 15, 1862 (Power) ); Yorkshire

(Walton); Northumberland and Durham district, Hetton Hall, near Belford (W.
B. Boyd).

D. majalis, Payk. According to Walton this is the smallest species
of the genus, but on the average it does not appear to ditfer much in
size from the two preceding ; it is closely allied to D salicis, from
which it differs in having the rostrum not channelled, the thorax shorter,
and the elytra darker, especially towards base; the colour, however, is
very variable and cannot be relied upon, as in D, salicis the elytra are
sometimes more or less fuscous in front; the rostrum and thorax are
also variably coloured, the former being entirely black or partly red,
und the latter being dark, or reddish with a black patch, or entirely
red; the thorax is shghtly transverse, with the sides very little
rounded ; the rostrum is rather long and stout, rugose, but without

channels, and the elytra are variegated as in the allied species ; the male.

has the antenne inserted further in front of middle of rostrum than in
the female, and the teeth of the femora stronger. L. 2-3 mm.

On the catkins of Saliw cinerea, caprea, aurita, &e., in May and June; rare; a
northern species; Northumberland and Durham distriet, Twizell aud Castle Eden
Dene ( Bold) ; near Carlisle (Heysham) ; Scotland, Solway district (Sharp); Walton
mentions having received many specimens from the Rev. W. Little, taken by him in
Scotland ; Stephens (Manual, 235), records it from the London district, but this is
evidently in error; he appears to have confused the male of D. agnathus with the
species (vide Waterhouse’s Catalogue, p. 75).

In studying this genus it must be remembered that the general
colour of the body is extremely variable, the dark species, if immature,
being coloured precisely like the lighter ones ; this very much increases
the ditficulty of their determination ; in some respects the genus, for its
size, is the most difficult of all the British Rhynchophora.

In many of the descriptions and notes on this and other genera I am
much indebted to the valuable papers by Mr. Walton, published in the
Annals and Magazine of Natural History for 1844. _

SMICRONYCHINA.

This tribe, whieh contains the genus Smicronyz, is included by Bedel
under the Erirrhinina, but differs in having the tarsal claws connate ;
in this latter respect it agrees with the Lixina, from which it may be
easily separated, apart from the very small size of its members, by

Se ‘i

eee

Smicronychina. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 281

having the eyes almost meeting beneath the rostrum which is slender,
or comparatively slender, and much narrower than head; the tibie,
moreover, are armed with a small tooth at apex, and the tenth stria
_ of the elytra is not continued behind the posterior coxe,

SMICRONYX&, Schonherr.

_ This genus contains about twenty-five species, which are chiefly
found in Europe; others occur in Northern Asia and probably in North
America ; representatives have also been described from Madeira and
the Canaries, South Africa, the Caucasus district, Cuba, &c.; they are
among the smallest of the Rhynchophora and may be very easily
passed over, so that in all probability the number of species will be
found to be much greater than is at present known; they fall, as Bedel
observes, into two divisions, which will probably have to be separated
as distinct genera : in one of these the striz of the elytra are obsolete
and replaced by almost imperceptible lines of points, and in the other
the elytra are plainly striated and more or less thickly clothed with
scales which are exceedingly easily abraded ; four species have usually
been regarded as British, but I do not feel at all sure as to their right
determination or their synonymy; they are extremely rare insects, so
that it is hard to obtain the materia] on which to work the genus;
through the kindness, however, of Mr. S. Stevens, Mr. Champion and
others, I have been enabled to examine some fifty specimens ; M. Bedel
has also kindly examined several of these for me, and among them he
has found two specimens of S. cecus, Reich. (cuscute, Bris. ), which
must therefore be added to the British list; at first, after a careful
examination with a.compound microscope, I came to the conclusion that
the specimens standing in our collection as S. cicur and S. pygmaeus
were identical ; however, after an examination of the specimens named
by M. Bedel, I have modified my first impressions and am of opinion
that, according to centinental ideas, the specimens that we have hitherto
regarded as S. jungermannie should be reierred to S. Reichei, that S.
jungermannie and S. cicur are synonymous, and that the specimens
standing under S. pygmeus in our collections should be referred partly
to S. Reichet and partly to S. jungermannie ; in fact, Iam not sure
whether Curtis’ original specimen of S. pygmeus is not identical with
S. ceecus, in which case the latter name must be sunk; the genus is
certainly a very puzzling one and the characters of the species ill-
defined ; the punctuation of the thorax, for instance, is by some authors
regarded as a valuabie character, but it appears to differ considerably in
_ different specimens of .the same species ; when quite fresh the insects

are covered with large elongate-ovate whitish and brownish scales, which
are arranged thickly on the thorax and in double rows on the inter-
stices of the elytra; they are very pretty objects under the microscope
and in some lights are plainly iricescent ; owing to their size and the

ae RUYNCHOPHAORA. [Smicronyx.

loose way in which they are set on the surface they are exceedingly
easily abraded and very soon get rubbed off; specimens from which
they have been entirely removed are quite black and more or less shiny,
and present a very different appearance to fresh or half-abraded speci-
mens ; the species attack various parasitic plants, especially the Greater
and Lesser Dodder (Cuseuta europea and epithymum) ; they deposit
their eggs in the stem and the larva lives in a sort of gall, from which
it emerges and buries itself in the earth before undergoing its transfor-
mations.
1. Tarsal claws uneven, the internal claw being very
short; thorax finely punctured; elytra oval and
shining, usually denuded of scales . . . . . « S. cacus, Reich.
II. Tarsal claws equal; upper surface usually more
or less squamose.
i. Thorax with shallow and rather close punctures,
duller, interspaces finely but plainly cross-reti-
culate; body behind thorax broader. . . . . S. Retoner, Gyll.
ii. Thorax with very shallow and comparatively
diffuse punctures, less dull, interspaces more
finely and often scarcely evidently cross-reticu-
late; body behind thorax narrower. . . . . S. JUNGERMANNI&, Reich.
(cicur, Gyll.)

S. coecus, Boh. (cuscute, Ch. Bris.). Oblong-ovate, black, shining,
with scanty narrow scales which are very easily rubbed off ; thorax
globose, narrowed in front, finely punctured; elytra a little broader at
base than thorax, with the shoulders well marked,‘oval and shining,
with fine but distinct strie and finely sculptured interstices ; legs rather
stout, claws unequal, the inner one being very short ; size variable. L.
1j-2 mm.

‘On Cuscuta europea; two specimens, both without locality, one in the possession
of Mr. Champion from Mr, Scott’s collection, and one in my own collection; Bedel
gives as localities Northern and Central Europe.

The Greater Dodder (Cuscuta ewropwa), according to Bentham, is
parasitic on a variety of plants, more especially on herbaceous stems,
in Europe and temperate parts of Asia; it is not very abundant in
England, and has not been recorded with certainty either from Ireland
or Scotland. The Lesser Dodder (Cuseuta epithymum) is parasitic on
Thyme, Heath, and other small shrubby plants in Europe and temperate
Asia; it is more frequent in England than.the Greater Dodder, and
extends from the Chesil Beach to the south of Scotland, but is appar-
ently unknown in Ireland; a third species, the Flax Dodder (Cuscuta
epilinum), has been introduced into Britain with flax, but is not in-
digenous.

S. Reichei, Gyll. (pygmeus, Curt. pars.). Oblong-ovate, black,
rather shiny, closely covered, in fresh specimens, with whitish and
brownish white or brownish scales, which are arranged thickly on the
thorax and more or less in patches on the interstices of the elytra ;

Smicronyz.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 283

underside more thickly scaled ; rostrum long; antenne rather stout,
pitchy at base ; thorax convex, about as long as broad, scarcely con-
stricted in front, with the sides somewhat variably rounded in different
specimens, shallowly and rather closely punctured, with the spaces
between the punctures cross reticulate or finely rugose ; elytra broader
at base than thorax, with the shoulders more or less marked, narrowed
to apex from posterior third, with plain and rather deep, scarcely visibly
punctured strie, interstices under a high magnifying power finely rugose ;
legs stout, covered with fine scales, tarsi with the penultimate joint
strongly bilobed and the onychium short. L. 13-2 mm.
On Cuscuta europea (Greater Dodder) and Cuscuta epithymum (Lesser
Dodder) ; the larva, according to Bedel, forms galls on the stems of the plant ; rare;

Birch Wood, Arundel Park, &c. (S. Stevens); Box Hill, near Reigate (Power) ;
Chesil Bank (Gorham) ; Newton Abbott, Devon (Dale).

V. Championis, Fowler. Rather larger than average specimens of
the type, with the rostrum thicker and duller and the thorax more
thickly and coarsely punctured ; the shoulders also of the elytra are
rather more marked and broader. L. 2 mm.

Folkestone (EB. A. Waterhouse); between Folkestone and Dover (Champion).
This is the insect introduced into our lists by Mr. Champion as the true S.

S. jungermanniz, Reich. (cicur, Gyll.; pygmaeus, Curt., pars.).
Much smaller than the preceding, on an average, but closely resembling
it in many respects, so that it is rather hard to separate the largest
specimens from the smallest §. Reichei ; elongate-oval or oblong-oval,
narrower or broader (this difference may be sexual), thickly clothed in
fresh specimens with large scales as in the preceding species, and on the
underside and legs with fine scales; thorax about as long as broad,
searcely constricted before apex, with very shallow and more or less
diffuse variolose punctures, interstices very finely cross reticulate or
rugose ; elytra and legs much as in the preceding species. L. 1}-1}
nm,

On heath, probably on Cuscuta epithymum attacking heath; rare; as some
i. may not agree with me inmy synonymy or in joining the species, I give
ocalities under the separate names—S. cicur and S. pygmeus.

S. cieur, Gyll. By sweeping heath ; local and, as a rule, rare;
London district, not uncommon ; Weybridge, Shirley, Woking, Esher,
and Chobham (Champion) ; Black Gang Chine, Isle of Wight, Wey-
bridge, c&c. (S. Stevens); Boundstone (Surrey), St. Faiths (Norwich),
and St. Leonards (Power) ; Bournemouth ; New Forest (Blatch).

S. pygmeus, Curtis. Chalky places; by sweeping herbage; rare ;
Caterham (Champion) ; Riddlesdown, near Croydon; Horsell and Wey-
bridge (Power) ; Chesil Bank ; Bournemouth and Surrey (Blatch) ; it
is very probable that some of these localities should be referred to

284 RUYNCHOPAORA. | Smicronyx

S. Reichet; all the localities given above for the type form of S. Reichei
have been primarily assigned by British authors to S. jungermannie.

TANYSPHYRINA.

This tribe contains the genus Tanysphyrus, Schén., of which only
one species is at present known; it is very small and lives on aquatic
plants, more especially the duckweed (Lemna), and is spread over
Europe, Northern Asia and North Amvrica; it has been by some
authors referred to the Erirrhinina, but may easily be distinguished by
the very short onychium, which is contained entirely by the lcbes of
the third tarsal joint.

TANYSPHYRWS, Schonherr.

The single species contained in this genus is a very small insect,
which is found on species of Lemna; the rostrum is rather long and
stout and the antenne are inserted a little behind its apex; the elytra
are rather short and broad and considerably broader than the thorax ;
the tarsal claws are free and the tibiz armed with a strong hook at
apex ; the femura are simple and the prosternum not emarginate.

T. lemne, F. Oblong, convex, dull black, underside thickly
clothed with whitish scales, rostrum black, shining, antenne and legs
pitchy-red ; thorax slightly transverse, with the sides very little rounded,
closely and distinctly punctured; elytra oval, with strong punctured
striz, interstices rather convex, upper surface with more or less distinct
scattered spots of greyish scales; legs robust and rather long. L. 13
mm,

In ponds and ditches; on duckweed (Lemna) ; often found in flood refuse, moss,
&e.; generally distributed and common from the Midland districts southwards, but
rarer further north; Cheshire; Liverpool ; Scarborough; not recorded from the
Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, taken probably at Duddingstone

Loch, in the Forth district, but recorded with some reserve by Dr. Sharp, who says
he does not know what has become of the specimens (Scot. Nat. xxxvi. 189). Ireland,

‘near Dublin.
BAGOINA.

The members of this tribe are very closely allied to the Erirrhinina,
and they have, by many authors, been included with them ; they differ
chiefly in their habits, which are, in all the species, aquatic or sub-
ayuatic; they are extremely sluggish and have no power of swimming
like the aquatic Ceuthorrhynchina (Hubrychius and Litodactylus) ;
their only means of locomotion in water, therefore, is to cast themselves
free from their plants, like the Helophori, and allow the current to
carry them ; the chief character of the tribe lies in the tarsi, which have
the third joint long, or comparatively long, behind the ouychium, and

a ee eee ee

Bayoina.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 285

truncate or emarginate at apex, but not (or very rarely, and then not
strongly) bilobed ; the lobes at the sides of the thorax are distinct and
often partially cover the eyes, which are round; the posterior cox are
very broadly distant; the scutellum is small; the elytra have the
shoulders. well marked and are usually bluntly produced at apex ; the
femora are simple; the prosternum is broad before the anterior coxe
and is emarginate at apex; the surface of the body is usually furnished
with a hydrofuge tegument, or in simpler language a covering which
repels water ; three genera have been regarded as British—Hydronomus,
- Bagous and Lyprus ; the latter of these has for some time been united
with Bagous, and Bedel appears to be right in also regarding Hydro-
nomus asa portion of Bagous, as the differences scarcely appear to be
generic.

BAGOUWS, Schonherr (Hydronomus, Schonherr).

About fifty species have been described as belonging to this genus,
but as no less than thirty-two have been found in Enrope, and it is
known that representatives occur throughout Northern Asia and North
America, it is probable that the number will be very largely increased ;
species have also been deseribed from Algeria, South Africa, Cuba, &ec.;
they are so extremely sluggish and retiring in their habits, which are
altogether subaquatic, that they are very seldom met with, so that
although no less than fourteen or fifteen species have been recorded as
British, they are, with few exceptions, scarcely represented in any
collections, and in list after list of localities the genus is returned as
almost entirely blank; they are, however, gregarious, and in the
localities in which they occur, several of the species have been taken
by collectors who have found out their habits, in large numbers ; the
chief characters of the genus have been mentioned above ; in form and
general appearance the species greatly resemble one another, and they
are in many cases difficult to determine except by comparison with
. authentic specimens.

The larva of B. (Hydronomus) alismatis has been observed by Kaltenbach; it is
found feeding on the leaves of Alisma plantago and undergoes its transformations in
the part of the plant where the base of the leaf like a sheath enfolds the stem of the
plant ; the perfect insect appears at the beginning of the summer,

The British species may be roughly distinguished as follows, but the
characters, in several cases, are not very satisfactory.

I. Prosternum flat before the anterior cox; antennz
with the first joint of the funiculus longer than
the second (Hydronomus, Schéuh.) - . - - B.atismartis, Marsh.

II. Prosternum with an excavation before the an-
terior coxe, which is margined on each side;
autenne with the first joint of the funiculus about

eqnal to the second ( Bagous, i. sp.).

i. Club of antennz with the first joint glabrous

and as long as all the following joints united ;

286 RILYNCHOPHORA,

thorax enlarged and rounded behind constriction
AE BPE) oye, ce wy 0) + BREE Cop wees ee

[ Bagous.

B. PetRO, Herbst.

(limosus, Sharp’ s Cat.)

ii. Club of antennz with the first joint pubescent.
1. Third joint of the tarsi not broader than the
second and not lobed.

A. Antenne inserted between the middle and
base of rostrum which is longer ; form very
elongate narrow and parallel; thorax as
broad as elytra (Lyprus, Schénh.). . . .

B. Antenne inserted between middle and apex
of rostrum, whichis shorter; form broader ;

thorax narrower than elytra.

a. Fifth interstice of elytra with a strong
pointed prominence towards apex, plainly
visible if viewed sideways ; length 4}-5

mm,

a*, Third interstice with a warty pro-
minence on its posterior half; first
interstice with a small shining callosity

at base . .

b*. Third interstice without distinct pro-
minence on its posterior half; first in-
terstice without callosity at base ‘.

. Fifth interstice simply callose at apex;
length 2-4 mm.

a*. Funiculus of antenne six-jointed
(apparently ht ama 3 size ade 6

length 33-4mm.. . eee

*, Funiculus of antenne seven-jointed
(apparently six-jointed) ; size smaller ;
length 2-3} mm.
at. Sides of thorax angularly dilated
in front behind constriction at apex,
and plainly, although gradually , nar-
rowed towards base; form short and
DOA ss, ss 6 ee ee

bt. Sides of thorax not angularly di-
lated in front, nearly parallel; form
narrower, more oblong.
at. Scape of antennz inserted almost
in middle of rostrum ; form rather
elongate; tarsilong . . ..
bt. Scape of antenne inserted con-
siderably in front of middle of
rostrum; form less elongate.
*, Anterior tibiz long, slender
and subcylindrical, not distinctly
thickened above middle; tarsi
rather long ‘ .
**, Anterior tibiz moderately long,
rather broad and flat, sinuate on
their inner side and thickened
above middle; tarsi short.
+. Surface of body distinctly

B. oyninpRvs, Payk.

B. BINODULUS, Herbst.

B. NoDULOsUS, Gy/l.

B. ARGILLAcEUS, Gy/ll.
Gncoriny Gyll.)

B. trmosvs, Gy/ll.
‘(petrosus, W. C.)

B. teMPESstIvus, Herbst.

B. Frit, Herbst.

Bagous.| RHYNCHOPHORA. 287

variegated with light and
dark grey; elytra aepressed
with the alternate interstices
i wee 6 oe © ny Dp LOT ULOBUS, Gyll,
tt. Surface of body not dis-
tinctly variegated ; alternate
interstices of elytra at most
somewhat convex.
t+. Form broad and robust;
elytra convex ; dorsal chan- _
nel of thorax obsolete . . B. DiGLyprtus, Boh.
tt. Form comparatively nar-
tow; elytra scarcely con-
vex ; dorsal channel of tho-
rax very distinct. . . . B. BReEvis, Schinh.
2. Third joint of tarsi broader than the second,
= arene although not strongly, bi-
¥

A. Body behind thorax narrowed into rather
an elongate point at apex; sculpture of
elytra finer, third interstice with an ill-
defined yellowish patch behind; tarsi red . B. nurosus, Gyll.
B. Body behind thorax not strongly narrowed
and scarcely inflexed at apex ; sculpture of
elytra coarser, third interstice with a dis-
tinct white patch behind; tarsi red or
Black. 2. 2... 2. ss... » B. @tavetrosteis, Herbst.
- (lutulentus, Gyll.)
(V. nigritarsis, Thoms.)

B. alismatis, Marsh. Oblong, clothed with ashy-white or greyish
yellow scales, which are more even on the under surface ; elytra some-
what variegated, with a lighter spot on each behind middle and a
somewhat denuded dark patch above and below each of them ; rostrum
moderately long, almost straight, thickly scaled, glabrous at apex, with
a plain central furrow; antenne ferruginous with the club darker;
thorax about as long as broad with the sides subparallel, very slightly
rounded, finely granulate, with a fine and distinct central furrow, and
lighter spots and often one or two small denuded patches at base ; on
each side there is a plain transverse impression ; elytra rather long,
somewhat abruptly narrowed before apex, with fine and distinct punc-
tured strie and flat interstices; legs long, dark, tibiz curved and of a
red colour; in the male of this and most of the other species the
abdomen is impressed at base, whereas in the female it is convex.
L. 3-3$ mm. |

In ditches, &e.; on Alisma plantago (Water Plantain) ; rather local, but not
uncommon and very widely distributed; Notting Hill, Norwood, Ramsgate, Lee,
Wimbledon, Battersea, Forest Hill, Barnes, Rainham; Birdbrook, Essex; Deal ;
Dover; Hastings; Arundel; Sandown; Portsmouth district; Devon; Bath; Swan-
sea ; Bewdley; Repton; Lincoln ; Norfolk ; Liverpool district ; Manchester district
(general) ; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, local, Solway, Tweed,
Forth and Clyde districts; Ireland near Dublin.

258 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Bagous.

B. petro, Herbst. (Jimosus, Sharp’s Cat. nee Gyll.). Oblong, black,
elosely covered with grey scales which are somewhat uneven on the elytra ;
antenne with the first joint of the club glabrous, shining, and as long
as the following united, funiculus seven-jointed ; thorax very short,
about half as broad again .as long, enlarged in front behind the apical
constriction and narrowed behind ; ashy grey with the apical border or
one or two dark patches on border denuded and dark ; elytra dull
black, convex, short and thick set, with coarse punctured strie, fifth
interstice without callosity towards apex ; femora dark, tibie ferruginous
or red brown, tarsi pitchy. L. 12-24 mm.

In brackish ditches ; on aquatic plants; very local, and, asarule, rare; Gravesend
and Sheerness (Champion) ; Notting Hill, on several occasions (Power); Hammer-
smith Marshes (H. 8. Gorham); Harwich (J. J. Walker) ; Southsea, in moss near
canal, not uncommon in spring (Moncreaff); Askham Bog, York ; Scarborough ;

it is possible that one or two of these localities ought to be referred to B. sub-
carinatus.

B.cylindrus, Payk. Elongate, very narrow, linear, parallel and sub-
cylindrical, black, thickly clothed with ashy scales ; rostrum comparatively
long, evidently curved, glabrous in front, funiculus of antenne reddish ;
thorax slightly variable, longer than, or about as long as broad, with
the sides slightly rounded or almost parallel, very closely granulated ;
elytra at base about as broad as base of thorax, compressed and some-
what attenuate behind, very finely striated, without callosity before
apex ; legs long, pitchy, with the tibie ferruginous, tarsi nearly as long
as the tibie, with the third joint equal in length to the preceding ;
hook at apex of tibiz long and distinct. L. 23-3 mm.

In ditches, on aquatic plants; rare, or, rather, extremely local; Notting Hill
(one hundred and thirty specimens on October 24 and 31, 1863 (Power) );
Hammersmith Marshes (formerly common ina damp bank (S. Stevens) ); Gravesend
(Power and S. Stevens) ; London district, on watercre-ses (Stephens) ; Lee ; Sheppy ;
Whitstable (Champion); Pett Marshes, near Hastings, 1890 (Ford).

B. binodulus, Herbst. This and the following are the two largest
British species belonging to the genus, and may be recognized by their
size apart from other differences; oblong, black, closely covered with
brownish-grey scales, antennz, tibie and tarsi more or less ferruginous ;
forehead depressed; rostrum short and thick, moderately curved ;
thorax about as long as broad, constricted at apex, sides subparallel,
with an indistinet central furrow, sculpture very close; elytra sub-
parallel until posterior third, from whence they are rather abruptly
narrowed and depressed, with a strong prominent projection on the
fifth interstice towards apex, a warty prominence on the third interstice
behind middle, and a small shining callosity at the base of the first.
interstice, near scutellum. L. 43 mm.

In ditches, &c.; by sweeping aquatic plants and with the water net; very rare;

Battersea Fields (Stephens) ; Sandwich (Sharp and Saunders); Arundel (one speci-
men, Hamlet Clark) ; Norwich and Crymlyn Bog, Swansea (Stephens) ; Fen districts

means SE a Sk

Bagous.) RUYNCHOPHORA, 289

Brewer see Crotch); the larva has been found in France living gregarious! th
uter Soldier (Stratiotes aloides). & gregariously on the

B. nodulosus, Gyll. (binodulus, Thoms. nec Gyll.). Very closely
allied to the preceding, which it much resembles in general appearance,
but, on an average, rather larger, and distinguished by having a not
distinct warty prominence on the third interstice of the elytra behind
middle and no small shining callosity at the base of the first interstice
near scutellum ; the alternate interstices of the elytra are very slightly,
and scarcely evidently, raised ; the warty prominence on the third
interstice, appears, however, to be at all events indicated, and hence
probably has arisen the confusion between the two species. L. 45-5 mm.

In ditches, &c; very rare, but, apparently, less so than the preceding species; Peg-
well Bay; Mr. S. Stevens says of the species, ‘‘formerly not uncommon in ditches
near Arundel, but not taken for years; I used to call it binodulus, but am told it is
now considered to be nodulosus ;” Mr. Rye, however (Ent. Monthly Mag. vi 257),
says “one of my two exponents of B. dinodulus, given to me by the late Rev. H,
Clark, who took it, I believe, near Arundel, is undoubtedly that species; the other,
obtained by Brewer, is 4s undoubtedly nodulosus ;” according to these opinions both
species occur near Arundel, and it is possible that there is some mistake still to be
cleared up; if the species did not approach very nearly to one another, they would
not have been for so long kept united in our collections,

B. argillaceus, Gyll. (inceratus, Brit. Cat.; encaustus, Boh.; halo-
philus, Redt.). Smaller than either of the two preceding species, but
larger than any of those that follow; oblong, black, somewhat smooth
and shining, densely clothed with olive-grey scales, with more or less
indistinct pitchy markings on the elytra, and with a more or less distinct
whitish patch between middle and apex ;. the surface is, however, easily
abraded and then appears much darker than in fresh specimens; antennze
reddish with club dark, inserted not far from apex of rostrum which is
moderately long; thorax about as long as broad or subtransverse, con-
stricted before apex, with the sides nearly straight, punctuation close and
very fine ; central furrow obsolete ; elytra with rather strong, but indis-
tinctly punctured, strie; legs comparatively short, more or less fer-
ruginous; the somewhat greasy appearance, broad flattish build and com-
paratively short legs, as well as its size, will easily distinguish the
species from its allies; when quite fresh, the thorax is grey with two
large approximated ill-defined spots at base. L. 33-4 mm. |

Brackish ditches ; on aquatic plants; often in flood refuse, and (in hot sunny

weather) by sweeping herbage on ditch banks ;.very local and usually rare ; Gravesend
- (Douglas) ; Southend; Sheerness, occasionally found in profusion (Champion, Power,
Walker and others) ; Lumps Pond, Southsea (Moncreaff).

_ B.limosus, Gyll. (subcarinatus, Sharp’s Cat.; petrosus, W. C.;

laticollis, Gyll.). A short and broad species ; black, closely covered with

grey scales, which are sometimes more or less abraded and leave spots or

patches on thorax and elytra; on the latter there is sometimes a very in-

distinct greyish patch behind middle; antenne ferruginous with club
VOL. Vv. U

296 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Bagous.

darker; thorax broad, angularly dilated in front behind constriction and
thence gradually narrowed to base, closely sculptured, with an indis-
tinct central ridge in front ; elytra broad, somewhat abruptly narrowed at
apex, with coarse punctured strie ; interstices convex; legs dark, rather
long, tibize and tarsi ferruginous. L. 3-3} mm.

In ditches, &c. ; on aquatic plants ; extremely local and, as a rule, rare; Hammer-

smith Marshes (Gorham); Sheerness (Walker); Notting Hill (Power); Gravesend,
in plenty, April 19, 1867 (Power) ; Woking (Marsh).

B. tempestivus, Herbst. Elongate, rather narrow, black, varie-
gated with ashy and whitish scales; antenne inserted at about the
middle of rostrum, ferruginous with the apex and club pitchy; thorax
longer than broad, channelled, not much narrower than elytra, with the
scales usually much thicker at sides; elytra elongate, subparallel, nar-
rowed at apex, with the shoulders, a large spot behind middle near
suture, a callosity on fifth interstice, and many scattered specks and
spots white ; punctured strie fine, alternate interstices very slightly and
scarcely visibly elevated ; legs dark, tibie ferruginous, tarsi elongate, with
the second joint plainly longer than broad. L. 23-3 mm,

In ditches ; on aquatic plants; local, but common where it occurs; Tottenham ;
Barnes; Hammersmith ; Notting Hill (abundant 1863 (Power) ) ; Sheerness ; Graves-
end (in plenty, April 19, 1867 (Power) ); Whitstable; Bearsted, near Maidstone ;
i padtionge Southsea, canal, common in moss in spring (Moncreatf) ; Robins Wood,

epton. ‘

B. lutulosus, Gyll. Allied to the preceding but evidently broader
and stouter, much less, although distinctly, variegated, and with the
thorax considerably narrower than the elytra, subtransverse, and plainly
rugose ; the elytra have the alternate interstices evidently, although not
strongly, raised; the tibie are shorter and more thickened, and the tarsi
are evidently shorter and have the three first joints transverse. L.
21-3 mm.

Sandy districts ; by sweeping herbage in damp places; occasionally in sand pits ;
rare; Barnes, Ashtead, Shirley, Esher (Champion); Esher, Horsell and Woking
(Power) ; Lumps Pond, Southsea (Moncreaff) ; Armagh, one specimen in moss from
edge ofa small lake (Johnson).

B. frit, Herbst. (swbcarinatus, Gyll., teste Bedel). Of the same form
as B. nodulosus, and, according to Thomson, distinguished from all the
other species by having the thorax somewhat broader than long, closely
and distinctly and subrugosely punctured, with a channel in the centre,
and with a white line on each side ; the elytra compressed and acumin-
ate behind and submucronate at apex, with the alternate interstices not
raised, and the fifth evidently callose, and with a white spot a little be-
hind middle spreading over the third and fourth interstices ; the tibie
are straight on their outer side and abruptly incurved just at apex ; and
the tarsi are about half the length of the tibiz, with the second joint
slightly transverse, and not narrower than the third ; according to Bedel

Bagous. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 291

the tibie are long slender and subcylindrical and the tarsi rather long,
and in these lie the chief characters by which it is separated from the
following species; there has been some confusion with regard to this
insect as the name has been applied to two or three distinct species ;
it appears to be most closely allied to B. lutulosus, from which it
differs in its more parallel-sided and proportionately narrower thorax as
well as in the shape of the tibiae. L. 25-3 mm.

In ditches ; on aquatic plants; occasionally in moss on pond sides and by sweep-
ing herbage in damp places; extremely local and usually rare ; Sueerness (Walker) ; -
Woking (Champion); New Forest; Southsea, common in and near canal (Mon-
creaff); Isle of Wight (Power); ditches near Sandown, common in April (S.
Stevens).

B. diglyptus, Boh. Short and broad, black, thickly clothed with
grey scales ; head subglobose, with the forehead impressed with a small
fovea ; rostrum stout and curved ; antenne short, black-or pitchy ; thorax
transverse, Obsoletely channelled, with a fovea on each side, constricted
at apex, and with the sides straight to base, distinctly and subrugosely
punctured; elytra broad, parallel-sided, not strongly compressed and
attenuated at apex, with unicolorous pale grey scales, punctured striz not
stror.g, alternate interstices broader but scarcely evidently raised, fifth
interstice obsoletely callose behind; legs short and stout, black with the
tibie ferruginous, sinuate on their inner side and evidently thickened
above middle ; tarsi short; the species may easily be known by its
short and very broad form, uniform grey colour, rugose thorax, of which
the sides are straight behind constriction, sinuate and thickened tibie
and very short tarsi. L. 23-3 mm.

In ditches, &e. ; very rare; one specimen was taken by Mr. J. T. Harris from
accumulated flood refuse in his own garden on the banks of the Trent, near Burton,
in April, 1872, and a second was subsequently found by Mrs. Harris crawling on a
wall near the same spot; it will probably be found iu the neighbouring ditches; the
species is very rare on the continent.

‘B. brevis, Schénh. Mauch narrower than the preceding species,
oblong, black, with the funiculus of the antenne and the apex of the
tibize ferruginous; rostrum short and stout; thorax nearly as long as
broad, with three fover before apex, which are sometimes more cr less
joined, with a strong central furrow ending in the central fovea, closely
sculptured, sides slightly rounded ; elytra oblong, narrowed at apex,
with rather fine, but distinct strie, alternate interstices broader, but

visibly raised, fifth evidently callose, third with an oval whitish -
spot behind middle, which is often more or less obsolete; tibie sinuate
on their inner side and thickened above middle, tarsi short. L. 2} mm.

In ditches, on aquatic plants, &c.; rare; it has hitherto only been found in
peokee by Dr. Power at Horsell, Surrey ; it occurred to him in some numbers in this

B. lutosus, Gyll. Elongate, black, clothed with ashy scales ;
antennz, except club, and the legs, red ; antenne inserted considerably

vu 2

292 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Bagous.

in front of middle of rostrum; thorax not transverse with three liglit
longitudinal lines; elytra strongly contracted and inflexed at apex, with
fine punctured strize and flat even interstices, the fifth evidently callose
behind ; suture raised behind; tibie slender, not thickened on their
internal margin above middle, strongly curved at apex; tarsi longer
than half the length of the tibie, with the third joint evidently broader
than the preceding, and plainly, although not strongly, bilobed. L, 3-3}
mm,

In ditches on aquatic plants; very rare; Ripley, Surrey (Stephens) ; Notting
Hill, Oct. 24th and 31st, 1863 (Power) ); Southsea, one specimen in canal (Moncreaft) ;
Hertford, Norfolk and Lancashire (Stephens).

B. glabrirostris, Herbst. (lutulentus, Gyll.; collignensis, W. C.).
Oblong, black, with the antenne, except cluh, and the legs ferruginous,
variegated with grey and whitish scales, each elytron with a very distinct
white callosity behind the middle, on the third interstice ; rostrum
moderately long; thorax scarcely as long as broad, hardly rounded at
sides, and not strongly constricted in front; elytra with moderately
strong strie and the alternate interstices evidently broader and more
raised, suture not elevated behind ; legs long, tibie long and curved,
tarsi moderately elongate with the third joint broader than second and
slightly bilobed. L. 3-35 mm.

Marshy places; by sweeping aquatic plants; rare, or rather extremely local ;
Forest Hill and Merton Marsh (Power) ; London district (Stephens); Southsea,
canal, common in moss, spring (Moncreaff); Sandown, Isle of Wight (Champion) ;
Curlisle (Stephens) ; Scotland, Forth district, “near Edinburgh, Rev. W. Little,
Murray’s Cat.”

V. nigritarsis, Thoms. Thomson considers this variety to be a
separate species and describes it as very like the preceding but dis-
tinguished by having the thorax a little shorter, slightly dilated at the
sides which are narrowed at base, the posterior angles slightly obtuse,
the dise more strongly punctured subrugosely, the alternate striz of the
elytra less plainly elevated and the antenn# and tarsi black, the second
joint of the latter being also shorter. L. 23-4 mm.

Two examples have been taken by Mr. Champion at Barnes, which are apparently

referable to this variety.
ANOPLINA.

The genus Anoplus, which forms this tribe, is very distinct from all
the other European Rhynchophora from the fact that the tarsi have no
onychium and terminate at the third joint; in other respects the genus
is, perhaps, most closely allied to the Elleschina with which it is classed
by Thomson.

ANOPLUS, Schonherr.

* There are only three species known as belonging to this genus, of
which two are found in Britain ; one of these, A. roboris, so exactly
resembles the other, A. plantaris, that it has been by several authors

Anoplus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 293

regarded as merely a large female of the latter, and the question still
appears to be somewhat doubtful; Dr. Sharp, however, recognizes the
species in his second catalogue, and M. Bedel also gives it as distinct,
and as recently found in France, in his catalogue; it had apparently
not been discovered when he wrote the first part of his work; they are
small, deep black, robust, strongly sculptured insects, with stout legs
and rostrum, and somewhat resemble in shape small specimens of
Orchestes ; the tibiz are armed with a strong hook at apex, and the -
second segment of the abdomen is more than twice as long as third.
I. Size smaller; interstices of elytra rugosely punctured . . A. PLANTAxIs, Naez.
II. Size larger ; interstices of elytra with moderately regular
TOWN GE PUMCSUEON so Go « - s t t p t e A. BoBORIs, Suffr.

_ A. plantaris, Naez. Obovate, convex, black, slightly shining, with
the antennz which are rather short and are inserted in front of middle
of rostrum testaceous at base ; rostrum rather stout, punctured, eyes
scarcely prominent; thorax convex, transverse, with sides narrowed in
front, closely and rather strongly punctured ; scutellum and sides of
breast clothed with white scales; elytra broader than thorax, with
shoulders well marked, with strong and crenulately punctured striz,
interstices convex, narrower than the strie#, furnished with very short
erect whitish setz ; legs entirely black, femora not thickened. L, 2-2}
mm.

On young birch, alder, &c., in woods ; common and generally distributed through-
out England and Scotland ; Ireland, Lough Neagh district, &e.

A. roboris, Suffr. Very closely allied to the preceding, but larger,
with the thorax more coarsely punctured, the punctures being partly
confluent, and the striz on the elytra less deep, the interstices being in

consequence broader and flatter; the interstices, moreover, instead of
_ being rugose, are furnished with tolerably regular rows of punctures,
each bearing a short white seta, inclined backwards; the characters,
however, seem more distinct in a description than they really are if
actually examined. L. 2} mm.

On alders (A. glutinosa and according to Nérdlinger 4. incana); also on oaks;
rare; Leith Hill (Champion) ; Coombe and Swithland Woods (Power); Lords
_ Wood, Southampton (Gorham) ; Leicestershire (received by Wollaston) ; Scotland,
very rare, on oak (Solway district).

ACALYPTINA.

This tribe is closely allied to the Elleschina but differs in having the
tarsal claws simple and the pygidium exposed ; both the Acalyptina and
the Elleschina are placed by some authors under thel'ychiina, from which,
however, they differ in the formation of the second segment of the
abdomen, which in the last-mentioned tribe has the posterior margin
produced at each side and extending over the third segment to the base
of the fourth.

294 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Acalyptus.

ACALYPTUWS, Schonherr.

This genus contains only one species which, however, has a very wide
range, being found in North America, Northern Asia and Northern and
Central Europe ; it is very rare in Britain.

A. carpini, F. (v. rujipennis, Gyll.). Oval, subdepressed, clothed
with shining silvery white pubescence, colour variable, sometimes almost
black, but usually dark with the elytra testaceous, at least in part, the
portions about scutellum and along suture being more or less fuscous ;
antenne and legs always red or testaceous, the former eleven-jointed
with a small club which is sometimes darker; thorax scarcely broader
than long, much narrowed in front, very little rounded at the sides,
closely punctured ; elytra much broader at base than the base of thorax,
separately rounded at apex and leaving the pygidium exposed, with
plainly but shallowly punctured strie; breast densely pubescent;
femora a little thickened in the middle, without teeth; the species closely
resembles a small Gymmetron. L. 13-2 mm,

Male with the rostrum shorter and the antennz inserted before middle;
in the female the rostrum is longer and thinner with the antennz inserted
in the middle.

On species of Salix ; usually found on the catkins in spring; rare; Burwell Fen,

Cambridge (Power); Little Brickhill, near Stony Stratford, on sallows, April, 1852
(S. Stevens); near Haileybury (H. Gorham).

ELLESCHINA.,

This tribe contains the small genus Hileschus, which is elosely allied
to Erirrhinus, but differs in having the tarsal claws armed with a strong
hooked tooth at base; the species are small with the antenne 11-jointed
and inserted before the middle of the rostrum which is moderately stout;
the eyes are subrotundate and only slightly prominent; the thorax is
not constricted at apex’; the elytra have the shoulders well marked and.
completely cover the pygidium, and the legs are rather short and stout
with all the tibiz furnished with a strong spine at apex.

ELLESCHUS, Stephens.

This genus contains three or four species, which live iw the larval
state in the catkins of willows, sallows and poplars; they are found
in Europe and Northern Asia, and one of them extends to the United
States ; a species has also been described, according to the Munich Cata-
logue, from New Holland ; two occur in Britain, but one of these appears
to require further confirmation as indigenous.

. : elytra black with a denuded dark spot or
: aL ‘canna rather indistinct) behind the middle

ofeach, near suture . + « + s+ + 8 FE. nirunorartvs, L.

Elleschus.| RHYNOHOPHORA. 295

ere att <1 he . . E. scantcus, Payk.

- '&. bipunctatus, L. (unipunctatus, Ol). Oblong-oval, black, very
thickly clothed with grey pubescence, with a more or less distinct de-
nuded spot on each elytron behind middle near suture; rostrum black,
rather stout, very slightly curved, pubescent at base, antenne clear red ;
thorax subtransverse, with the sides somewhat rounded, and narrowed
in front, distinctly punctured; scutellum comparatively large ; elytra -
long oval, with distinctly punctured striz, which are almost as broad as
the interstices ; legs clear red with the femora black and simple, pubes-
cent, penultimate joint of tarsi broad and strongly bilobed. L. 24-3 mm.

On sallows and poplars; local, but sometimes common where it occurs ; Norwood,
Darenth Wood, Shirley, Wimbledon, Forest Hill, Hampstead (common on Saliz
cinerea in Bishops Wood in June); Tilgate; Lords Wood, Southampton; New
Forest ; Glanyilles Wootton, rare; Knowle, near Birmingham; Bretby Wood,
Repton ; Burnt Wood, Staffordshire ; Langworth Wood, Lincoln; Northumberland
and Durham district ; Scotland, local, Solway, Tweed and Forth districts; Ireland,
near Dublin. ;

BE. scanicus, Payk. Oblong, testaceous, unequally clothed with
pale cinereous hairs; head round, pitehy-black, thickly punctured ; eyes
black, depressed ; rostrum testaceous, about the same size as in the pre-
ceeding species, rather smooth, sometimes pitchy at base; antenne
entirely pale testaceous ; thorax narrowed in front, a little dilated and
rounded at the sides, testaceous, thickly and minutely punctured ; elytra
searcely twice as broad as the base of thorax, with the sides subparallel,
with deep punctured striz, and fiat, rather smooth, interstices, rufo-
testaceous, with a large pitchy-black pateh at the base, sometimes, how-

“ever, extending beyond the middle of the elytra, and sometimes partially
broken up by the rufous ground colour, outer margins pitchy; the
suture densely, the base and dise sparingly, clothed with pale cinereous
hairs ; the breast black, densely covered with white hairs; legs rather
short, stout, entirely red, pubescent ; femora robust, very obsoletely
denticulated. L. 3-35 mm.

- On the female catkins of Populus tremula and alba and also on Salix cinerea;
introduced as British by Mr. Walton (whose description of the species is mainly
given above) on a single immature specimen taken by Mr. Wollaston in Lincolnshire ;
it is also recorded in McNab’s Dublin list as from Portmarnock ; there may, how-
ever, be some mistake as to the latter locality.

TYCHIINA.

. This tribe is here regarded as containing the three genera Tychius,

Miccotrogus and Sibinia, which are very closely allied and are placed
together under one genus by Thomson and Bedel and other authors ;
the species may be recognized by the structure of the second ventral seg-
ment which has its apical margin deeply excavate in a broad semicircle,
and is produced at each of the margins in a point over the third seg-

296 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Tychiina.

ment to the base of the fourth ; the antenne are cither 10- or 11-jointed
and are inserted in front of the middle of the rostrum ; the anterior
cox are contiguous and the prosternum is not emarginate at apex; the
thorax is constricted before apex and rounded and dilated at the sides ;
the scutellum is distinct ; the pygidium is exposed, at all events in the
male; the legs are comparatively short and stout ; the species are small
squamose insects, which are in many cases very prettily variegated ; they
are found on low plants; the larve live in the pods or heads of their
food-plant, and in many cases construct galls; they undergo their
changes in the earth. ,
The three genera may be distinguished as follows :

I, Elytra subrectangular at apex of suture, jointly
rounded, and usually covering pygidium, at all events
in female.
i. Funiculus of antenne seven-jointed « e+e « « SYOHIUS, Germ:
ii, Funiculus of antenna six-jointed . . . . . . . MICCOTROGUS, Schénh.
II. Elytra separately rounded at apex, leaving the ‘
pygidium, at all events in part, exposed; funiculus of
antenne consisting of six joints . . . . + « « + SIBINIA, Schénh.

TYCHIUS, Germar.

This is a large and important genus containing nearly a hundred
species from Europe alone; it is also widely distributed in various
quarters of the world, representatives occurring in Northern and Southern
Africa, Northern and Central Asia, North and South America, Cuba, &e. ;

the species are small and for the most part uniformly coloured grey or”

yellowish-grey insects; a certain amount, however, are very prettily banded
and marked ; they are found entirely upon species of Papilionacee ; the
larves develop themselves in a gall in the pods or capsules of their food
plants, but they undergo their transformations underground; the sexual
differences are not very striking, but the males may be distinguished from
the females by having the abdomen depressed at base, the rostrum pro-
portionately shorter, and their pygidium more projecting; in a few
instances there are other slight characters in the male, suchas a small
tooth on the internal border of the anterior tibize, &c.; eleven species are
found in Britain; of these the first two are comparatively large and are
very pretty and conspicuous insects; the remainder, however, are small
and, with one or two exceptions, very much alike and hard to distinguish
without careful comparison ; the last of them, 7. pygmeus, Bris., is
chiefly known by its minute size ; it is, in fact, one of the smallest of
all our.indigenous Rhynchophora.

I. Posterior femora with a very strong tooth; elytra
with the suture white, and with two broad white
lateral bands, which are interrupted in the middle
and form four patches . - + «+ + + + «© +

Il. Posterior femora with a much smaller tooth or quite
simple; elytra without or with uninterrupted bands
at sides,

T. QUINQUEPUNOTATUS, L.

Tychius.| RHYNOHOPHORA. ©

i. Clothing of ayes consisting of distinct and more
or less broad scales.

1. Thorax and elytra with longitudinal bands of
brown and white ; scales on elytra not rangers 3
strie ; size larger A

2. Thorax and elytra clothed witb uniform grey
scales which, in fresh specimens, conceal the striz
of the latter

ii. Clothing of elytra "consisting of fine or “hair-like
scales or eon fle oer oe

1. Posterior

Ay arse sine eit white lines; elytra at least
as broad as thorax, with the suture and the
alternate interstices white. . . . . .

B. Thorax with a single central white line;
elytra broader at shoulders than base of
thorax; suture witha white band . ...

2. Posterior femora not toothed.

A. Rostrum subulate and bright red from the
_ insertion of the antennz, which are entirely
~ red or red with the apex ferruginous

B. Rostrum very feebly and almost imperceptibly

narrowed from base to apex.

a. Elytra grey with a broad and very distinct
white band at suture, and with very fine
pubescence; antennz red with the apical
portion dark * * . * . . . > * .

b. Elytra without or with an indistinct light
band at suture.

a*. Ons cane of ae

af. Clothing consisting of rather fine ob-

long grey scales, which do not cover

thn aisha nf lgizn ida tenethes st mie

bf. Clothing consisting of grey, yellowish-
, or brownish-grey pubescence or
— fine cian ayy which in
fresh specimens more or less conceal
the strie ofelytra . . .
b*. Antenne red with the apical portion
black or fuscous.
a. Length 2-24 mm.; thorax with the
sides more strongly rounded . .
b. Bedi ied 13-1} mm. ; thorax with the
des less strongly rounded

297

T. VENUSTUS,

T. sQUAMULATUS, Gyll.

T. Scunerpert, Herbst.
(lineatulus, Brit. Cat.)

T. POLYLINEATUS, Germ.

T. MELILOTI, Steph.

7 LINEATULUS, Steph.,
nec Brit. Cat.
(Schneideri, Brit. Cat.)

T. JuNcEvs, Reich.
(curtus, Bris.)

T, TOMENTOSUS, Herbst.

T. TrBIaLis, Boh.

T. premzvs, Bris.
(brevicornis, Wat.)

T. quinquepunctatus, L. Oblong, convex, black, thickly clothed
on the under surface with white scales, and on the upper with pur-
plish brown or golden brown scales, the central lines of thorax, a
rather broad sutural band, and a broad band on the side of each
elytron (interrupted in middle and forming two patches), being white :
oceasionally the lateral bands are only deeply emarginate and not

298 RHYNCHOPHORA, [Tychius,

quite divided; antenne red or ferruginous; thorax with the sides
strongly dilated and rounded; elytra with the sculpture concealed l.y
the thick scales; femora black or pitchy red; tibie and tarsi ferru-
ginous, L. 3-43 mm.

Male with the anterior femora furnished with a thick fringe of
pubescence beneath.

Female with the last ventral segment of the abdomen strongly im-
pressed transversely at apex.

On species of vetch, &c.; the larva has been observed on the Continent on Pisum
arvense, Vicia angustifolia, Vicia sepium and Orobus tuberosus ; rare; on yetch
in a lane at Hampstead, also on vetch near Cambridge (S. Stevens) ; Abbot’s
Wood (Waterhouse) ; South Creek, Norfolk (Stephens) ; New Forest, Brockenhurst,
&e.” :

T. venustus, F. (vernalis, Reich. ; parallela, Ol.). Rather smaller
on an average than the preceding, which it somewhat resembles, but it
may be easily known by its duller scales, different markings, and by
the very slightly rounded sides of the thorax ; oblong, not very con-
vex, black, under surface clothed with white scales, upper surface with
dark ashy-grey scales, thorax with the central line and sides, elytra
with the suture and bands towards sides, white or whitish, giving the
insect a banded appearance; antenne and extreme apex of rostrum
ferruginous ; thorax about as long as broad with the sides very slightly
rounded ; elytra with fine punctured strize which are not covered by the
scales ; femora obsoletely toothed, pitchy, tibize and tarsi dusky ferru-
ginous, L. 23-4 mm.

The thorax is always banded but in some specimens the elytra are
unicolorous; this is the var. gentstcee, Boh.

Male with the anterior femora furnished with thick pubescence beneath,
and the eyes less distant.

On broom ; extremely local, but common where it occurs ; Shirley, near Croydon
(two hundred specimens on broom, July 2nd, 1866 (Power)) ; Coombe Wood, Darenth
Wood, Cowley, Weybridge, Sittingbourne, Birch Wood; Norfolk, Suffolk and
Swansea (Stephens) ; Scotland, very local, Dee and Moray districts; it probably
eccurs in other parts of England, but has been overlooked owing to its being so
very local.

T. squamulatus, Gyll. (Kirby, Wat. ; flavicollis, Steph.’). Oval,
slightly convex, black, with the rostrum, antennz and legs ferruginous,
very thickly covered with broad and distinct scales, which are of a
grey colour with a very faint yellowish tinge, so that the general tint is
slightly cream coloured ; thorax subtransverse, narrower than elytra,
with the sides slightly rounded, closely sculptured ; elytra oval, rather
broad, with fine strie which are almost concealed by the scales; legs
squamose, with the posterior femora armed with a small but distinct
tooth. L. 2-2} mm.

Male with the anterior tibiz curved at apex.

Chalky places; by sweeping herbage ; occasionally found in moss; the larva feeds
in the pods of Lotus corniculatus ; local, but not uncommon where it occurs ; Cater-
ham, Mickleham, Charlton ; Suffoik ; Eastbourne ; New Forest ; Barmouth,

— a

Tychius.| RHYNOHOPHORA. 299

©. Schneideri, Herbst. (lineatulus, Brit. Cat. nec “Steph ; poly-
lineatus, Wat. nec Germ.). Black, upper surface clothed with fine
greyish scales which have a slight metallic reflection, thorax with
three white lines, elytra with the suture ,and the alternate interstices
white, so that the whole insect appears to be lineated ; underside with
broader whitish scales ; antennz and legs ferruginous ; thorax scarcely
transverse, with the sides not strongly rounded ; elytra moderately
long, subparallel, about as broad at base as base of thorax, with dis-
tinct stri# ; posterior femora with a small tooth beneath. LL. 2-24
mm.

Male with the anterior tibize curved at apex and the rostrum pitchy
black at base, ferruginous at apex.

Female with the anterior tibiz straight and the rostrum ferruginous.

Chalky places; on Anthyllis vulneraria, very local, but common where it is
found ; Croydon, Riddlesdown, Caterham, Charlton, Chatham; Kingsgate ; Folke-
stone; Hastings; I-le of Wight (common at the end of April and beginning of
May at Ventnor, Sandown, &c., at roots of Anthyllis on the cliffs); Portsmouth
district; Falmouth; Whitsand Bay, Plymouth ; it appears to be confined to the
South-eastern and Southern counties.

(Z. polylineatus, Germ., nec Wat. Black, upper surface clothed
with narrow grey, somewhat shining and metallic scales, underside with
broader white scales; apex of rostrum, tibie and tarsi ferruginous;
thorax with a single central white line, transverse ; elytra broader at
shoulders than base of thorax with the suture and alternate interstices
white; posterior femora with an obtuse, more or less obsolete, tooth ;
the antennz have joints 4-8 transverse. L. 23-22 mm.

On Trifolium pratense, on which the larva produces a gall; introduced as
British by Mr. Crotch on the authority of a single specimen taken by him about 1863
at Cambridge and named by M. Brisout; the species is so closely allied to the pre-
ceding that it certainly appears to require further confirmation before being finally
regarded as indigenous.)

T. meliloti, Steph. Pitchy-red, densely clothed with fine yellowish-
brown or greyish brown scales, underside lighter ; rostrum subulate and
bright red in front of the insertion of the antenne, base pubescent ;
antenne entirely red, or with the club sometimes a little darker ; thorax
subtransverse with the sides slightly rounded, unicolorous; elytra
broader than thorax, with the strie either distinct or more or less
covered by the scales, unicolorous or with suture lighter ; femora dark,
tibie and tarsi rufo-testaceous. L. 2-2} mm.

Male with the anterior tibie furnished with a small tooth on their
internal margin.

On Melilotus officinalis ; local, but common where it occurs ; Highgate, Hammer-
smith, Forest Hill, Reigate, Charlton, Maid:tone, Brockley, Chatham ; Ditchingbam,
Norfolk ; Suffolk; Dover ; Hastings ; Portsmouth district; Isle of Wight, Thor-
ness Bay, Ryde, Cowes, Luccombe, Sandown, &c. (common at the end of April and
beginning of May); Lyme Regis; Chesil Beach ; Weymouth ; Trench Woods, Broms-
grove; Repton, Burton-on-Trent (rare); it appears to be almost entirely confined

300 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Tychius.

to the south; the larva has been observed by Perris in France on Melilotus macro-
rhiza, living in a gall on the central nervure of the leaves,

T. lineatulus, Steph. nec Brit. Cat. (Schneideri, Brit. Cat. nec
Herbst.). Black or fuscous black, upper surface elothed with grey
pubescence, which is not very close and allows the upper surface to be
in part visible, so that the insect appears to be of a leaden-grey colour ;
sides of thorax, and anarrow central line, pale, suture broadly white ;
antennez red with the apical portion dark ; thorax subtransverse with
the sides slightly but distinctly rounded, sculpture close ; elytra with
rather fine strize ; legs dark with the tarsi ferruginous, tibize sometimes
reddish. LL. 2} mm.

Male with the anterior tibie furnished with a small tooth on their
inner margin.

Chalky places ; by sweeping herbage, &c. ; occasionally found in moss; not common ;
Darenth Wood; Chatham; Herne Bay; Eastbourne; Arundel Park ; Portsmouth
district ; Isle of Wight ; New Forest; Portland ; Devon; Filey, Yorks (one specimen
taken by myself in August, 1878) ; Scarborough ; it appears tobe very rare further
north than the London and Southern districts.

T. junceus, Reich. (cwrtus, Bris.). Black, with the upper surface
closely covered with rather fine but distinct oblong grey scales, which
are whiter on the underside and sometimes on suture of elytra; an-
tenne and apex of rostrum red ; thorax almost as long as broad, with
the sides moderately rounded ; elytra with fine strizs which are not
concealed by tbe clothing of the upper surface; legs red, with the
femora sometimes darker. L. 2-2} mm.

Male with the anterior femora furnished with a distinct fringe of
pubescence beneath,

By sweeping vetch and clover (Zotus and Trifoliwnz), especially in chalky places;
local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Caterham, Mickleham, Claygate, Reigate,
Woking, Charlton, Horsell, West Wickham, Charlton, &c.; Hastings ; Devon.

T. tomentosus, Herbst. Very like the preceding, but distin-
guished by having the clothing consisting of narrower scales or pube-
scence, which in fresh specimens more or less cover the striz of the
elytra ; the colour is somewhat variable, being sometimes grey and some-
times brownish grey; the thorax is unicolorous, but the elytra have
occasionally a rather lighter line at suture; the antenne, apex of
rostrum, and the legs are red, and the femora are simple; the thorax
is as long as broad with the sides moderately rounded, the breadth being
a little less than that of the elytra, which are rather broad and some-
what cordiform. L. 2-25 mm.

Male with the anterior tibiw slightly curved at apex and without a
small tooth on their inner margin.

Chalky and sandy places ; by sweeping vetch and other plants; local, but not un-
common where it occurs; Caterham, Claygate, Mickleham, Chatham, Reigate,
Purley, Tonbridge, &c.; Windsor; Arandel; Lewes; Portsmouth district; Glan-
villes Wootton ; Swansea; Suffolk; Knowle, near Birmingham,

Tychius.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 301

There seems to be considerable confusion with regard to the two
preceding species, more especially 7. junceus ; I have several specimens
of both 7. tomentosus and T. junceus from Dr. Power’s collection before
me, and the latter insect is smaller and uarrower and more grey in
appearance than the former, and has the suture of the elytra uni-
eolorous; Thomson, however (Skand. Col. vii. p. 302), speaks of
T. junceus as broader than T. tomentosus, and as having the suture fur-
nished with white scales; he mentions, however, that the femora and
rostrum are darker in the former species, which appears to be the case ;
in some way or other he seems to have confused the two insects, which
are certainly closely allied ; the descriptions of Schénherr referred to by
Thomson (Gen. et Spec. Cure. IIT. 411, 15 & 412, 17), are very slight
and of little practical use in separating the two species.

T. tibialis, Boh. (nigrirostris, Wat.). Oblong, convex, black with
the antenna, tibie and tarsi red, apex of the former dark ; upper side
covered with uniform grey pubescence, which is lighter on the under-
side ; rostrum dark, reddish at apex; thorax subtransverse, with the
‘sides rounded, usually with a fine fringe of white hairs at base ; elytra
rather long, with distinct striz, which are not covered by the pubescence ;
femora dark, tibize usually more or less infuscate at extreme base.
L, 2-23 mm.

Sand. ces; by sweeping herbage; occasionally in sand pits; not common ;
Shirley. 3 ee Crostton Werbridze ; Southend ; Deal ; Hastings district; Ports-
mouth district ; Wocds, Bromsgrove.

T. pygmeus, Bris. (brevicornis, Wat.; pusilius, Germ.?). Ex-
tremely like the preceding, and chiefly distinguished by its very small
size; oblong, convex, black, with the antennz red at base and dark at
apex; underside with fine white scales, upper surface with grey
pubescence ; rostrum dark ; thorax subtransverse with the sides moder-
ately rounded; elytra with distinct punctured strie, pubescence
often thicker on suture; femora dark, tibie and tarsi red. L. 13-1?
mm,

On broom and other plants; not common; Weybridge, Claygate, Caterham,
Hawkhurst (Surrey), Maidstone, Gravesend, Sheerness; Deal; Hastings district ;
Portsmouth district ; New Forest.

MICCOTROGWUWS, Schénherr.

Six European species belong to this genus; they differ in no way
from the ordinary species of Tychius except in the fact that the funi-
culus of the antennz is six-jointed; like them they are found on
Papilionacee ; our single species is the commonest member of the tribe
that is found in Britain.

M. picirostris, F. Oblong, convex, black, with the base of the
antennz and the tibie and tar:i ferruginous, apex of the former and

302 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Miccotrogus.

the femora black or fuscous; upper surface clothed with uniform
greyish hair-like scales, underside with broader whitish scales ; rostrum
dark in the male, reddish at apex in female, gradually and slightly
narrowed towards apex, not much curved; thorax subtransverse with
the sides slightly rounded, not much narrower at base than elytra ;
elytra with distinct striz ; in appearance the species much resembles
Tychius tibialis. L. 12-2 mm. 7

By sweeping herbage; often found in sand pits, haystack refuse, moss, &c.; it is
perhaps more particularly attached to Trifolium pratense ; common and generally
distributed from the Midland counties sou hwards; much rarer further north ;
Northumberland and Durham district, very rare, ‘Marsden, Mr. J. Hardy.”
Scotland, scarce, Solway, Forth and Moray districts ; Ireland, Portmarnock, Wuter-
ford, Belfast, and probably widely distributed.

SIBINIA, Schouherr.

This genus is very closely allied to the two preceding; in fact the
chief point in which it differs is the shape of the apex of the elytra,
which are separately rounded at apex, leaving the pygidium in part at
least exposed ; as a general rule they are of rather broader form, but
this is not always the case; some of the species, as for instance
S. arenarié and S. primitus, may be easily known by the large darker
reddish-brown pateh on dise of elytra, reaching backwards from the
scutellum, but others are quite uniformly clothed with greyish or
yellowish grey scales as in the ordinary small Tychii ; the femora are
always simple and the episterna of the metasternum somewhat broader ;
the thorax is sinuate on each side at base, and produced into a more or
less distinct lobe before scutellum, and has the sides more or less
rounded and always narrowed in front; the species are all found on
Caryophyllacee, and may in this way be distinguished by collectors
from those of the other two genera belonging to the tribe, which always
occur on Papilionacee ; the transformations and the male characters
appear to be much the same in all the three genera.

The number of species hitherto known is about fifty or sixty, of which
rather more than thirty are found in Europe; the remainder appear to
be almost confined to North and South Africa and the Canary Islands;
five oecur in Britain, of which one requires further confirmation as indi-
genous.

I. Clothing of upper surface pilose; form broader ;
length 23-4 mm.

i. Upper surface greyish-white or greyish-yellow
brown, unicolorous or with alternate longitudinal
bands lighter and darker; length 3-4mm , . . (S. PELLUCENS, Scop.

(canus, Herbst.)

ii. Upper surface more or less variegated minutely
with reddish or yellowish brown and whitish scales ;
length 23-23 mm... 2 6) farce ei ses

II Clothing of upper surface consisting of distinct
scales; length 14-24 min.

S. POTENTILLE, Germ.

Ppt er

Sibinia.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 303

i. Elytra with a large common yellowish-brown or

brownish spot behind scutellum (usually contracted
in middle).

1. Antenna and anterior portion of rostrum more

or less red; length 2-2mm. ......

2. Antenne and anterior portion of rostrum black

or pitchy; length1Z-2 mm... .....

ii. Elytra without a spot behind seutellum ; antenna,

rostrum and legs red or ferruginous . . . . . S. sopatis, Germ.

S. ARENARI®, Steph.

8. primitus, Herbst.

(S. pellucens, Scop. (canus, Herbst.). Ovate, broad, black, upper
surface clothed with greyish-white or greyish-yellow brown pubescence
or hair-like scales, underside with white pubescence ; antenne pitchy at
base, black towards apex ; rostrum stout, slightly curved, punctured,
pubescent from base to the insertion of the antenne and from thence
glabrous ; thorax shorter than its breadth at base, narrowed in front,
sinuate at base, closely sculptured, often with a lighter central line ;
elytra scarcely broader at base than thorax, with the shoulders elevated
and rounded, and with narrow and obsoletely punctured strix, interstices
flat, alternate ones sometimes lighter; legs stout, pubescent, black with
the claws red, femora not toothed. L. 3-4 mm.

On Lychnis dioica ; the larva undergoes its transformations in the seed capsules;
very rare; two specimens were taken by Mr. Sidebotham early in June, 1864, by

sweeping in a lane between Devizes and Poltern, and another about the same time by
Mr. Edleston at Knutsford, near Bowdon, in Cheshire. )

S. potentille, Germ. Broad oval, black, upper surface thickly
clothed with narrow piliform fawn coloured or reddish brown scales,
variegated minutely with whitish scales, underside with broader whitish
scales; antenne dark, pitchy at base with the club globose ovate;
rostrum gradually narrowed in front, slightly curved; thorax mostly
ferruginous, with the central line and sides lighter, transverse, with the
sides rather strongly rounded, and much narrowed in front, closely
sculptured ; elytra broad and ample, rather wider at base than base of
thorax, sometimes almost unicolorous, but usually with the shoulders
and a sutural band lighter; legs dark or pitchy-red, pubescent. L.
23-27 mm.

Sandy places; on Spergula arvensis, &c. (the Corn Spurry) ; local, but not
uncommon where it occurs; Weybridge, Shirley, Woking, E-her, Caterham,
Ripley, Wimbledon, Ashtead, Birch Wood, Belvedere, Horsell, Byfieet ; Windsor ;
Ashwicken, Cambridge; Brighton; Shirley Warren, Southampton (abundant,
Gorham) ; Portsmouth district (Moncreaff) ; Kidderminster (Blatch).

S. arenariz, Steph. Oblong-ovate, black, with the base of the
antenne, apical portion of rostrum, tibie and tarsi reddish ; upper surface
thickly clothed with greyish-yellow scales, underside with a thick
crust of whitish or greyish white scales ; rostrum rather long, moderately
curved, thorax about as long as its breadth at base, almost conical,
constricted before apex, with two broad irregular reddish-brown or

304 RHYNCHOPHOR\A. [Scbinia,

yellowish brown bands which meet, or almost meet, in front; elytra
with a large common spot of the same colour behind scutellum, which
reaches at least to middle, and is usually contracted in middle and more
or less dumb-bell shaped; striz fine, concealed by the scales; legs
squamose or pubescent. L, 2-25 mm.

Sandy places near the coast; very local, but sometimes in great abundance where
it occurs; on and at the roots of Arenaria maritima; Sheerness; Harwich ;
Hastings district ; Portsmouth district, Southsea ; New Forest ; Lymington Salterns
(in profusion at the roots of Arenaria at the end of August in hot sun after a thunder
shower) ; Isle of Wight, Black Gang Chine, Chale, Ventnor; Chesil Beach ; Devon;
it is sometimes found at the roots of grass in September and October.

S. primitus, Herbst. Extremely like a small specimen of the
preceding, which it resembles in the general colour and in the mark-
ings of the thorax and the elytra ; it may, however, be known by its
narrower and considerably smaller form, and by having the whole of
the antenne and rostrum black or pitchy-black ; if we compare ordinary
specimens of both species, the scales of S. primitus appear to be darker
and more coppery, whereas those of S. arenarie are of a more greyishi-
yellow tint. L. 13-2 mm.

Sandy places; by sweeping herbage; often found in sand pits and in moss; very
local; Loudon district, not uncommon, Norwood, Shirley, Esher, Mickleham,
Birch Wood, Horsell, Caterham, Wimbledon, Ashtead, Chatham, Maidstone, Sheer-
ness, Dartford; Ashwicken, Cambridge; Dover; Hastings district; Southsea;
cee MeFi Southampton ; Glanvilles Wootton; Yardley, near Birmingham

atch ).

S. sodalis, Germ. (cretaceus, Bris. ; statices, Moncreaff). Oblong- —

ovate, black or dark ferruginous, densely and entirely clothed, when
fresh, with short and rather broad scales which are greyish-brown with
a slight reddish tinge, especially on thorax, and with an indistinct
sutural and a still more indistinct humeral line composed of slaty-grey
scales, which are also scattered about the elytra; the scutellum is
greyish-white and the legs, rostrum and antenne more or less ferru-
ginous ; underside with whitish-grey scales; rostrum moderately long,
curved ; thorax transverse, with the sides rounded, constricted before
apex ; elytra a little broader than base of thorax, with fine punctured
strize (which are more or less hidden by the scales), interstices flat, with
rows of short white sete. L. 2-25 mm.

In flowers of Armeria vulgaris ; very local; taken in plenty at the Island of Portsea
by Mr. Moncreaff, who discovered it in the summer of 1866.

GYMNETRINA.

The Gymnetrina, like the Cionina, may be distinguished by having the
funiculus of the antenne composed of five joints ; from the latter tribe
they may be known by the formation of the ventral segments of the
abdomen and the fact that the pygidium is more or less exposed ;

a a

Gymnetrina. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 305

Thomson includes Acalyptus in the tribe, but it is evidently distinct by
reason of its 7-jointed funiculus; the species are small inconspicuous
insects, of oval, oblong-oval, or ‘cylindrical form, and are found on
various low plants; the larve live in the stems or flower heads and in
some cases form galls.
I. Anterior cox distant; tarsal claws free . . . « MraRvs, Steph.

II. Anterior coxz contiguons ; tarsal claws connate.

i, Form ovate or oblong-ovate 3 perioe coxe broadly

distant .. . . « GYMNETRON, Schénh.
ii. Form cylindrical ; posterior coxe less broadly distant MECINUS, Germ.

MIARUS, Stephens.

The species of this genus are rather broad black insects, with grey
pubescence ; they closely resemble the larger and broader species of
Gymnetron (belonging to Stephens’ genus Rhinusa), but differ in having
the anterior coxe distant, the tarsal claws free, and the prosternum
_ excavate before the anterior coxe and excised at apex ; the rostrum is
received in a pectoral groove ; the larvz live in the capsules of Campanu-
laces or of Linaria, and usually form a more or less distinct gall : in the
males the rostrum is shorter and duller than in the females; about a
dozen species have been described as belonging to this genus, of which
eight are found in Europe and the remainder oceur in South Africa and
Persia ; of these four are usually regarded as British, but one of these,
M. micros, is exceedingly rare, and only two indigenous examples have
hitherto been recorded,

I. Strie of elytra distinct; average size larger.
i. Form short and broad, rotundate-oval ; elytra with at
least two rows of hairs on each or on most of the
interstices.
1. Posterior femora not toothed; pubescence of elytra
-very short and close; male with the last ventral
ent of the abdomen excavate behind and termi-
nated by two teeth - M. caMpanvLe2, D.
2. Posterior femora angled and toothed on their in-
an ferior margin; pubescence of elytra coarse and some-
what raised ; ‘male with the last ventral segment of
the abdomen simple . . . M. GRraminis, Gyll.
ii. Form somewhat elongate, oblong-oval ; "elytra with
one row of hairs on all the interstices ede rad from

thethird .. ... . . MM, PpLanrarum, Germ.
IL. Strie of elytra indistinct ; ‘average ‘size smaller; pos- -
terior femora not toothed . . ... . - »- (M. micros, Germ.)

IM. campanule, L. Ovate, short a oe slightly convex, black,
clothed with short depressed whitish-grey hairs, which, on the elytra,
are arranged in more or less distinct rows ; rostrum elongate ; antenn —
black, pitchy at base, with the second joint of the funiculus twice as
long as the third joint; head and thorax very closely punctured, the
latter transverse with the sides rounded and strongly narrowed in front ;
elytra at base a little broader than base of thorax with regular punctured

VOL. V.

306 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Miarus.
strie#, interstices rugose; legs black, posterior femora not toothed.
L. 23-3 mm. :

Male with the last ventral segment of the abdomen deeply excavate
and terminated by a tooth on each side; anterior tibiz armed with a
large hook.

Female with the pygidium impressed with a small fovea at apex; and
the anterior tibiz armed with a small hook.

On the flowers of Campanula rotundifolia and C. glomerata; also on species of
Phyteuma (Rampion); the larva undergoes its transformations in the seed-pods ;
local ; London district, rather common; Barnes, Shirley, Esher, Caterham, Croydon,
Mickleham, Gomshall, Boundstone, Sandhurst; Norfolk; Arundel; Portsmouth
district ; New Forest; I-le of Wight; Dorset; Gloucester; Bromsgrove; Carlisle;
Scotland, rare, Dee district. "

M. graminis, Gyll. Very like the preceding in size and general
appearance; it is, however, somewhat rounder and is very easily
distinguished by the shorter thorax, strongly toothed posterior femora
(the anterior and intermediate pairs being less strongly toothed), anil
the much coarser pubescence, which is somewhat raised on the elytra anid
at the sides of the thorax ; the rostrum is long and gently curved, and
the antenne are pitchy with the base pitchy ferruginous ; head and thorax
very closely and evenly, and rather strongly, punctured, the latter much
broader than long, almost semicircular; elytra with distinct punctured
strie, and flat, somewhat rugose, interstices; legs black, pubescent ;
last ventral segment of abdomen simple in both sexes. . 23-3} mm.

Chalky hill sides; in the flowers of Campanula glomerata; very local, but
occasionally common where it occurs; Cuxton, Kent; Mickleham ; Devil’s Ditch,

Cambridgeshire (Power); Arundel (S. Stevens); Isle of Wight, Freshwater (S.
Stevens & Gore); Ripley, Hertford and Cambridge (Stephens).

MM. plantarum, Germ. In size and general appearance this species
much resembles the preceding, but may at once be known by its longer,
narrower and more oblong form, the sides of the elytra being sub-
parallel until near apex; the longer thorax will easily separate it from
the preceding species, and from M. campanule it may be known by i's
coarser and more raised pubescence, and the small tooth on the posterior
femora ; rostrum gradually narrowed in front, moderately long ; thorax
elongate, subconical, about as long as, or longer than, its breadth at base ;
elytra with strong punctured striz and rather narrow distinctly sculptured
interstices ; legs black or piteby black. L. 23-3 mm.

On Linaria vulgaris, Lotus, &c. ; very local, but not uncommon in some districts ;
London district, not uncommon, Shirley, Caterham, Mickleham, Darenth, Cowley,
Greenhithe, Dartford; Wrabness and Birdbrook (Essex) ; Wicken Fen; Littl ngton
and Ashwicken, Cambridge (taken by Dr. Power on one or two occasions in apple
trees, in November and January, hybernating) ; Norfolk.

(IM. micros, Germ. Allied to the three preceding species, but
distinguished by having the strie of the elytra indistinct, and the
average size smaller. Mr. Crotch describes the species as follows :—

Miarus.] RHYNCHOPHORA, 307

**Subovate, thickly clothed with cinereous hairs; rostrum slightly
arcuate ; thorax thickly punctured ; elytra obsoletely punctate-striate ;
femora unarmed. L. 2-22 mm.” ; the following is Thomson’s descrip-
tion: ‘‘ Broadly obovate, slightly convex, clothed rather sparingly with
depressed ashy hairs which are arranged in rows on the elytra, black ;
elytra strongly (sic) punctate-striate ; femora not stout, simple ; rostruin
not very elongate ; antennz with the third joint searcely one and a half _
times as long as fourth. L. 2-2} mm.,” and he adds, “ very like the
preceding (JM. campanule) in general form and pubescence, but smaller,
with the rostrum shorter, very slightly narrowed at apex, and with the
third joint of antennz one and a half times as long as fourth ” (whereas
in M. campanule it is twice as long); it may also be known by not
having the pygidium impressed in the female.

According to Perris the species occurs on the Continent on Helianthemum gutta-
tum in dry pluces; two specimens only have been recorded as British; they are
‘mentioned by Mr. Crotch (Entomologist i. 220) as having been captured by Mr.
T. V. Wollaston at Whitsand Bay, Cornwall, and as being easily distinguished from
M. campanule by the lightly striated elytra ; the insect, however, has not been found
either before or since, and requires further confirmation as indigenous.)

GYMNETROWN, Schonherr (Rhinusa, Stephens, pars.).

According to the Munich eatalogue this genus contains fifty species,
but in the European catalogue forty-seven are described from Europe
alone, so that a considerable proportion must have been comparatively
recently added, as representatives have been described from North and
South Africa, Central Asia, India, &c.; Bedel includes Mecinus, which
is, however, better regarded as a separate genus; the species certaiuly
beara close relation to Gymnetron, but have quite a different facies ;
certain of the species belonging to the last named genus are very like
the members of the genus Miarus, from which they differ in having
the tarsal claws connate, the anterior coxe contiguous, and the pro-
sternum simple ; nine species are known as British which fall naturally
into two groups, one consisting of the three comparatively large and
broad species which closely resemble our species of Miarus, and the
other of much smaller species, which are in some cases more or less
variegated in colour.

The larve undergo their transformations in the capsules of various
plants (Veronica, Matricaria, Linaria, &c.), and in many instances
form galls. The sexual differences are usually marked ; as a general
rule the females have the rostrum less pubescent, more shining, and
loner than it is in the males, and in the latter sex the anterior
femora are, in several species, more or less dentate, whereas in the
females they are simple or almost simple ; the abdomen, moreover, in
the males is more or less plainly impressed at base.

I. Third stria of the elytra joined to the eighth behind ;
form smaller and narrower. ;
x

308 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Gymnetron.

i. Thorax with abroad and sharply defined border
of scales ; luteral pieces of the breast clothed with
broad white or yellowish scales.
1. Elytra ferruginous with suture darker; breast
completely covered with scales . . - G, vintosuLus, Germ.
2. Elytra black, rarely with reddish markings;
breast pubescent with the a of the side
pieces. . G. BECCABUNGR, L.
ii, Sides of thorax (and the whole upper and under
surface of the insects) clothed with fine grey hairs
or hair-like scales, which do not form a distinct
border, and are sometimes undistinguishable from
the\general pubescence.
1. Tarsi black.
A. Tibiz black; elytra with the sides parallel
and the striz finer; sizesmaller . . . . G, MELANARIUS, Germ.
B. Tibiw red ; elytra with the sides rounded,
and the strie coarser; size larger . . . . G. ROSTELLUM, Herbst.
2. Tibiz and tarsi red ; claws black.
A. Elytra dark with grey pubescence and
with or without a large and rather obscure
reddish spot towards apex; anterior femora
toothed in themale . . G. pascuortmM, Gyil,
B. Elytra dark with grey pubescence, with more
or less distinet waved reddish bands and
markings; anterior femora simple in both
SCX68 4) 8. 0) te eo. we a, oan eee ee re
II. Third stria of elytra joined to the sixth behind ;
form larger and broader (facies of Miarus). (Rhinusa,

Stepb.}.
i. Rostrum ebraptly 5 subulate from insertion of
antenna . wtanhe et eae : G. ANTIRRHINI, Payk.

(noetis, Brit. Cat.)
ii. Rostrum not subulate, gradually narrowed in

front.
1. Intermediate and posterior femora strongly
toothed ; rostrum feebly curved. . G. cottinvs, Gyll.

2. Intermediate and posterior femora without
distinct tooth ; rostrum scarcely curved . . . G. LINARI®, Panz,

G. villosulus, Gyll. Black, elytra ferruginous, with the suture
more or less broadly darker, breast and sides of thorax thickly covered
with scales, which are of a greyish yellow or slightly reddish colour ;

rostrum moderately long and seaicely curved, antenne pitchy with a.

large club ; thorax transverse, with the sides rounded, and narrowed in
front, closely but distinctly punctured ; elytra broader than thorax,
with the shoulders well marked, clothed with recumbent silky pube-
scence, punctured striae moderately distinct, interstices flat, very clayely
punctured ; femora dark, tibie and tarsi red, the latter sometimes pitchy.
L. 2-22 mm.

Marshy places; on Veronica anagallis (Water Veronica); very local and not
common ; Notting Hill and Hammersmith (formerly) ; Esher; Raynham, Norfo.k;

Deal ; Arundel ; Knowle, near Birmingham; Repton, Burton-on-Trent (on water-
nasturtium, Ww. Garneys) ; Scotland, very rare, Tweed district.

Gymuetron. } RHYNCHOPHORA. 309

G. beccabune2, L. (v. veronice, Germ.). Black, with the lateral
pieces of the breast and the sides of thorax (occasionally the greater
part of the latter), clothed with thick whitish or yellowish white, some-
times reddish, scales, rest of the upper surface scantily pubescent; an-
tennz dark ferruginous or red at base; rostrum narrowed in front,
scarcely curved ; thorax transverse, with the sides rounded and narrowed
in front, closely punctured ; elytra at base a little broader than base of .
thorax, with distinct punctured strie, interstices fiat, evidently punc-
tured ; legs dark, or more or less red, very variable. L. 2 mm.

Male with the antennz inserted a little further in front of middle of
rostrum than in female.

In the type @. beceabunge the legs should be entirely red ; whereas in
the var. veronice the femora should be black, but this distinction cannot
hold good; according to Thomson (Skand. Col. 312) G. veronica,
which he regards as a separate species, is distinguished from G. hecca-
bunge (in which-insect the thorax is entirely covered with scales or
“‘yellowish white tomentose pubescence”), by having the thorax de-
nuded in the middle, the femora black, the thorax evidently broader
(sie) at base than the elytra and narrowed towards apex, and the
elytra with the strie a little more strongly punctured, the interstices
being subseriately punctured ; it is also smaller. L.1; mm. The
species, however, cannot be regarded as distinct as the insect is so
variable, and there appears to be no constant variety even.

Marshy places ; on Veronica beecabunga and Scrophularia aquatica; local but not
uncommon in some districts; Hammersmith, Shirley, Claygate, Micklebam, Cater-
ham, Woking, Ripley, Esher, Cowley, Cowfold, Colney Hatch, Birdbrook, Eastry,
Maidstone, Dartford, &.; Dover; Arundel; Portsmouth district; New Forest;
Glanvilles Wootton ; Piywouth ; Portishead ; Aylsham, Norfolk ; Whatcote ; Salford
Priors; Bewdley; Coleshill; Kepton, Burion-on-Trent; Manchester; Heysham,
near Lancaster; Northumberland and Durham district, widely spread but not
abundant ; Scotland, lucal, Solway, Tweed, Forth and Tay districts.

G. melanarius, Germ. (intaminata, Steph.). Oblong, deep black,
upper and under surface with scanty greyish pubescence ; rostrum
moderate, narrowed in front, somewhat rugose ; antenne pitchy or
reddish ; thorax transverse, with the sides rounded, closely sculptured ;
elytra parallel-sided, with shallow, but distinctly punctured striz, in-
terstices finely punctured ; legs black; the small size, shape and black
legs will easily distinguish the species. L. 1} mm.

By sweeping herbage, in woods, laves, &c.; on Veronica ; Von Heyden mentions
it as attached to Veronica Teucriwm in Germany ; very local ; London district, not
uncommon, Caterham, Mickleham, Claygate, Shirley, Horsell, Darenth and Birch
Woods, Dorking, Faversham, Sevenoaks, Chatham; Cambridge; Ashwicken ;
Suffolk; Folkestone; Hastings district; New Forest; Swansea (doubtful) ; Glou-
cester ; Stratford-on-Avon ; I know of no localities further north.

G. rostellum, Herbst. Oblong-ovate, black, with the base of
the antenne and the whole of the tibie red, clothed with erect black
and whitish sete which are very distinct at the sides of thorax in front

310 RUYNCHOPHORA. [Gymnetron.

and are arranged in rows on the elytra; thorax rather small, transverse,
with the sides rounded and narrowed in front, closely punctured ; elytra
considerably wider than thorax, with rather deep punctured striz and
the interstices punctured in rows; femora not very stout, simple. L.
1;-2 mm.

Damp places, by sweeping Matricaria, Achillea, and other plants; rare; Wey-
bridge, Claygate, Caterham, Forest Hill, Faversham, Lee, Dorking, Birch Wood,
Chatham, Shirley ; Windsor Forest ; Hastings district ; New Forest ; Scotland, very
rare, Forth district “near Edinburgh, Dr. Lowe,’’ Murray’s Cat. ; there may be some
mistake as to the latter record. ‘The species may easily be known by its size and
shape, the erect setw and the colour of the tibie.

G. pascuorum, Gyll. This species mueh resembles at first sight
one of the smaller species of Tychius; black, with or without an
obscure variable reddish patch towards apex of elytra, rather closely
covered with fine grey pubescence, which is thicker at the sides of thorax
than on its disc; rostrum curved ; antenne dark, with the base red, or
red with apex dark ; thorax not much broader than long, narrowed in
front, with the sides scareely rounded, closely and finely, but distinctly
punctured ; elytra a little -broader than thorax, with moderately deep
punctured striz, interstices furnished with rows of erect white sete ;
femora rather stout, black, tibie and tarsi red, the latter with the claws
and apex of onychium pitchy. L. 1}-1{ mm.

Male with the antenne inserted a little behind the middle of the
rostrum which is short, and with all the femora armed with a small
sharp tooth.

Female with the antenne inserted at the posterior third part
of the rostrum which is long and slender, and with all the femora simple.

Chalky and sandy places ; by sweeping herbage; according to P. Bargagli (quoted
by Bedel) the larva has been found in the seed heads of Plantago lanceolata ; local
but not uncommon and widely distributed from the Midland districts southwards ;
Weybridge, Claygate, Caterham, Sevenoaks, Tunbridge Wells; Pegwell Bay; Deal;
Folkestone; Hastings district; Portsmouth district; New Forest; Isle of Wight;
Glauvilles Woo.ton; Devon; Bewdley; Repton; Church Stretton, Cheshire ;
Sherwood Forest; Heysham, near Lancaster; very rare towards the north; not
recorded from the Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, very rare, Tweed
distr:ct only.

G. labilis, Herbst. (tricolor, Marsh). Oblong, slightly ovate, black,
upper surface clothed with rather scanty ashy white pubescence, which
is thick upon the scutellum and in fresh specimens on a spot at base of
thorax opposite scutellum; elytra with two oblique and irregular
reddish transverse bands, interrupted at suture, and variable ; rostrum
scarcely curved ; antenne ferruginous with apex darker, club large; thorax
transverse, with the sides rounded and only slightly narrowed in front,
closely punctured ; elytra scarcely broader at base than base of thorax,
with deep and rather close stri, interstices finely rugose ; femora stout,
without teeth, dark, tibiee and tarsi red ; occasionally the elytra are dark
with the apex only red, L, 2-25 mm.

ee a

a a ey

Gymnetron. | | RHYNCHOPHORA. sll

By sweeping herbage, in woods, on cha'ky hill sides, &c.; local, but not uncommon
where it occurs; Dorking, Chatienden, Chatham ;. Norfolk; Suffolk; Ashwicken
and Littli m, near Cambridge; Folkestone; Hastings; Arundel; Holm Bush,
Brighton ; Portsmouth district ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Leicestershire; North Wales;
Scarborough ; Mabberley, Cheshire, rare, Morecambe, common (Chappell); Heysham,
near Lanca-ter; Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, scarce, Solway,
Tweed, Forth and Clyde districts; Ireland, Armagh, rare (Rev. W. F. Johuson) ;
the species appears to be very rare in the Midland counties.

G. antirrhini, Payk. (noctis, Brit. Cat.). This and the two
following species much resemble in general appearance the species of
Miarus, but may easily be known by the shorter rostrum; oblong-
ovate, black, densely clothed with short erect greyish and whitish pilose
pubescence; rostrum short and straight, abruptly subulate from the
insertion of the antenne ; antennz pitchy ; thorax transverse, with the
sides rounded and narrowed in front, closely sculptured, almost granu-

_late ; elytra broader at base than base of thorax, with distinct punc-
tured striz, interstices flat, finely rugose; femora gradually thickened,
posterior pair obsoletely toothed. L. 23-3 mm.

On Linaria vulgaris ; very local, but often common where it occurs; Mickleham,
Birch Wood, Dartford, Crohamburst, Chatham; Bushey; Norfolk; Brandon,
Suffolk ; Ashwicken, near Cambridge; Birchington; Deal; Hastings; Brighton;
Portsmouth district ; Shirley Warren, Southampton (abundant, Gorham); Portiand ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Devon; Repton, Burton-on-Trent, in flood refu-e, Twyford
Road (W. Garneys). Ireland, near Dublin; it has not been recorded from the north
of England or from Scotland.

G. collinus, Gyll. Broad, oblong, slightly ovate, thickly clothed
with coarse fulvous grey pubescence, which is arranged in more or less
distinct rows on elytra; rostrum rather short, feebly curved, not
subulate at apex ; antenne reddish with the apex dark; thorax very
transverse, with the sides rounded, closely punctured, with a more or less
distinct raised central line ; elytra scarcely broader at base than thorax,
with rather strong punctured strie, interstices flat, rugose ; legs black
or pitchy, intermediste and posterior femora strongly toothed, anterior
femora with much smaller teeth. L. 3-4 mm.

On Linaria vulgaris; the larva undergoes its metamorphosis in a gall at the
roots of the plant; apparently very rare; Charlton pits, Kent (S. Stevens); in Dr.
Power’s collection there are two specimens from Mr. Walton’s collection, and it has
also I believe been taken by Mr Scott, but I do not know the localities. Mr.
Waterhouse refers the Rhinusa collina of Stephen’s Manual (p. 218), recorded as
taken in Yorkshire, to G. pascuorum, but the description appears to accord with the _
present species.

G. linariz, Panz. Extremely like the preceding but very easily
distinguished by the fact that the femora are simple and not furnished
with teeth and by the greyer pubescence ; broad, oblong, slightly ovate,
somewhat depressed, black, scantily clothed with grey pubescence, which
is more distinct on the interstices of the elytra ; rostrum scarcely curved ;
thorax short, very transverse, with the sides rounded, scarcely narrower at

312 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Gymnetron.

apex than. at base, closely punctured; elytra subparallel, with rather
strong punctured striz, interstices closely rugose ; antennex pitchy with
apex black ; legs pitchy; in both this and the preceding species the
antennz are inserted further in front of the base of the antenne in
the male than in the female, and the abdomen is impressed at base. L.
3-4 mm. .

On Linaria vulgaris; rare; Charlton Pits, Kent (S. Stevens); Norfolk
(Stephens) ; Scotland, very rare, Forth district, “ Dalmeny Park, Dr. Greville,”
Murray’s Cat, Dr. Sharp is however of opinion that this record may apply to
M. campanule; Dr. Power’s specimens were partly bred by Mr. Rye and partly
obtained from Mr. E. Brown of Burton-on-Trent.

MECINUS, Germar.

This genus comprises seventeen species of which fourteen occur in
Europe, and the other three have-been described from Algeria, Egypt
and Ceylon ; they are extremely closely allied to Gymnetron, from which
they differ in their longer and more cylindrical form and in having the
posterior coxz less broadly distant and the sutural angles of the elytra
less rounded ; in fact they have by some authors been included under the
last mentioned genus, but their facies is so different that it seems best to
keep them apart ; our three species are attached to species of Plantago
and the larvee undergo their transformations in galls which they form in
the seed-heads of the plant; in the males the rostrum is shorter and
the antennz are inserted in the middle, whereas in the females it is
longer and the antenne are inserted a little behind middle.

I. Elytra without lighter border ; tibize black.

i. Rostrum comparatively long and slender and
strongly curved; elytra more cylindrical and duller,
with the strie deeper Se are Sere

ii. Rostrum short and thick and scarcely curved ;
elytra less cylindrical and more shining, with the
strie shallower . * . 2. « «© «© »© « « «+ M.COLDARIS, Germ.

II. Elytra with a broad light border; tibie red . . M.circuLatus, Marsh.

M. pyrastER, Herbst.

MM. pyraster, Herbst. Elongate, convex, subcylindrical, black,
slightly shining, clothed with scanty and fine ashy-grey pubescence ;
antenne pitchy-black with extreme base often red; rostrum moderately

long and curved, thorax subquadrate, closely and distinctly punctured ; .

elytra long, with broad punctured striz, interstices about as broad as
_ the strie, punctured in more or less distinct rows; legs black with
the tarsi ferruginous, femora with a small sharp tooth, lL, 3-34
mm. 3
Male with the antenne inserted in the middle of the rostrum, which
is shorter and punctured.

Female with the antennz inserted a little behind the middle of the
rostrum, which is longer and shining.

On Plantago lanceolata, also on P. media; the larva appears to form a sort of

ia mem

Mecinus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 313

gall in the centre of the flowering head of the plant ; common and generally distri-
buted thronghout the kingdom ; in winter it is often found hybernating in cracks of
bark, moss, &c.

MM. circulatus, Marsh (marginatus, Beck. ; jfimbriatus, Germ.).
Very like the preceding, but smaller and more depressed and easily
distinguished by the broadly light margins of thorax and elytra ; pitchy
black or pitchy brown ; rostrum rather stout, curved, black ; antenne
red with the apex dark; thorax as long as broad, closeiy and finely -
punctured, with a narrow smooth central line which is often covered
with whitish scales; scutellum white; elytra with rather shallow
punctured striz ; interstices finely punctured ; femora black, not toothed,
tibiz and tarsi red. L. 23-23 mm.

Male with the antennez inserted in front of middle of rostrum which
is evidently shorter. ‘

Female with the antennez inserted about the middle of rostrum which
is evidently longer.

On Plantago lanceolata ; also on P. coronopus ; occasionally found by sweeping,
and, in the winter, under bark; not common; Weybridge, Sheerness, Chatham ;
Henley ; Barham, Suffolk ; Amberley and Arundel Park ; Littlehampton ; Southsea ;

Isle of Wight (where I found a fine series in April, 1588, on the cliffs near Sandown) ;
Portland ; Glanvilles Wootton; Devon; Swansea; Wallasey, Cheshire.

™. collaris, Germ. This species is less cylindrical and differs
considerably in sculpture from the two preceding and forms a sort of
transition between Mecinus and Gymmnetron, wider which all three
species are classed by some authors; oblong-oval, somewhat elongate,
black, or reddish black (in immature specimens reddish or reddish

_testaceous), rather shining, with scanty grey pubescence, posterior

margin of thorax and sides of breast closely covered with reddish
yellow scales; rostrum short and stout, punctured, nearly straight;
antennez pitchy with the base sometimes lighter ; thorax with the
sides slightly rounded, and narrowed in front, very closely punctured ;
elytra elongate-oval, with shallow but distinctly punctured strix,

interstices indistinctly punctured; legs black or pitchy. L. 22-3

inm.

Male with the antenne inserted further in front of middle of rostrum
than in female.

Salt marshes; on Plantago coronopus and P. maritima ; the larve appear to form
galls at the base of the flowering head of the plant; occasionally in flood refuse ;
very local, and, as a rule, rare; Chatham and Sheerness (Walker); Gravesend
(S. Stevens); neighbourhood of Southampton; Southsea, Salterus, in numbers
(Moncreaff) ; Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire (Chappell); the insect may be easily reared
from the galls.

- ANTHONOMINA.

As far as the European fauna is concerned, this tribe, as here consti-
tuted, contains the two species Anthonomus and Brachonyzx, which may
be distinguished by their very prominent eyes, and by having the tarsal

314 RHYNCHOPHORA. |Anthonomina,

claws almost always appendiculate ; I have followed Thomson and Bedel
in their arrangement, but it must be admitted that the tribe is not a
very strongly defined one, and by many authors the genera have been
included under other allied tribes ; the following characters may be
further noticed ; rostrum long, slender and filiform ; antennz 11-jointed ;
prosternum very short before the anterior cox ; scutellum large; elytra
with well-marked shoulders, sometimes dilated behind, pygidium covered ;
anterior legs longer than the rest, this character being sometimes very
strongly marked ; tibize much shorter than femora, tarsal claws free ;
anterior cox contiguous.
I. Elytra, as arule, at all events behind, considerably broader

than thorax, with the sides more or less rounded ; femora

nearly always toothed ; onychium longer with the tarsal

claws larger. . . 2 « © 6 « 6 » «© » » » -» « ABNSRONOMDS recon,
Il. Elytra subparallel, not much broader than thorax;

form subcylindrical; femora simple; onychium shorter

with the tarsal claws very small. . . . . . «. « . BRACHONYX, Schénh.

ANTHONODIUS, Germar.

This genus contains more than a hunderd species which are widely
distributed in Europe, Asia, North and South America, Cuba, Tahiti,
&c.; they are easily known by the rather broad elytra, which, as a rule,
are somewhat dilated behind, the long or moderately long rostrum and the
slender antenne and elongated anterior legs, of which the femora are
usually more or less strongly toothed ; twenty-seven are found in Europe,
of which eight or nine are usually reckoned as British ; they present in
some cases considerable difficulty in their determination, and it is some-
what doubtful whether they can be all regarded as distinct.

The larves of most of the species attack the buds of various fruit trees in early
spring; a few are attached to Rubi, and some to different flowers ; an interesting
account is given by Chapuis and Candéze (Cat. des Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 216)
of the life history of A. pomorum ; the perfect insects hibernate under the bark,
especially in the cracks of the bark in old trees, and in the first warm days of spring
come out upon the boughs; the females then proceed to perforate one of the buds
and deposit an egg in its interior; one egg only is Jaid in each bud; the develop-
ment of the bud is not, or only partially, checked, and the young larva finds
itself in the flower, of which it soon devours the stamens, pistil and ovwry or young

fruit; when full grown it fastens the petals together and forms a sort of case in |

which it undergoes its further transformations; in thirty or forty days the perfect
insect emerges from the pupa and cuts a hole through the case and escapes ; in most
cases the flower does not entirely open, after the bud is attacked, so that the insect is
contained in a more or less distinct case for the greater part or the whole of its
existence.

Oceasionally great damage is done by these weevils in cider-producing
counties ; such was especially the case in 1816, 1831, 1832 and 1838 ;
the best method of prevention is to keep the orchard as free from old
trees as possible, as these are particularly attractive for hibernation: I
have found them in such trees in some numbers near the Forest of Dean

Cet ons

a eee eee

ES eeEEOeEeEESEeEeEEeEeEEEeE—s eee

Anthonomus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 315

in January; tarring the trunks in early spring would probably be of
service, and also tapping the boughs during the first warm days, as the
beetles fall readily if alarmed; as the weevil never attacks the buds
after they have begun to open, those orchards that have plenty of light
and air, and in which the buds rapidly expand, are less likely to suffer
than those in which there is a lot of undergrowth which is retarded for
want of proper sunlight and thus affords material that still continues
available to the weevils for laying their eggs in; further notes on the ~
species will be found given by Miss Ormerod in her “ Manual of Injuri-
ous Insects’ (1st Ed., p. 269).

The males may be distinguished from the females by having the
rostrum proportionately a little shorter, and, as a rule, duller, and the
last ventral segment is sometimes somewhat variable in the sexes.

I. Elytra with a transverse or very slightly oblique band of
white pubescence on each, behind middle, sometimes
meeting at suture ; colour red or ferruginous, sometimes

darker before the elytral band than at apex.
i. Thorax and elytra comparatively flat if viewed side-
ways, sides of the former slightly rounded ; elytra with
a little oblong tubercle or small prominence at the base
of the third interstice.

1. Teeth of anterior femora very strong; rostrum
longer and more slender with the antenue inserted
further from apex; anterior tibia very deeply

sinuate on their interior margin towards base.
A. Length 3-4 mum. ; interstices of elytra dull,
’ distinctly rugose Srasesorsely eS A. uLMI, De G.
B. Length 2-2$ mm. ; interstices of elytra rather

shining , comparatively smooth . . A. Rosinz, Des Gozis.

2. Teeth of of anterior femora evidently smaller and less

strong; rostrum shorter and thicker, with the

antenne inserted nearer to apex ; anterior tibia

ree straight, and aad sinuate on their
interior margin . A. PEpicuLarivs, L.
ii. Thorax shied “aby tra elytra separately convex if viewed side-
ways, sides of the former strongly rounded; elytra
without tubercle or prominence at the base of the
third iuterstice; interstices rather shining, almost

smooth
II. Elytra with scattered whitish or " yellowish pubescence
which, however, does not form distinct bands; colour
pitchy brown or pitchy black, with the legs more or less
Ill. Elytra with a strongly oblique (very rarely transverse)
band of whitish pubescence on each, sometimes meeting
at suture; colour fuscous or pitchy-black, with the legs
more or less pitchy or pitchy-ferruginous . . . A. Pomorum, LZ.
1V. Elytra without distinct bands or markings of pube-
scence, but with the pubescence fine and scanty, and evenly
distributed over og whole surface, which appears, unless
closely examined, to be almost glabrous.
i. Rostrum shining; anterior femora with a stronger
tooth; colour variable, but in British specimens red,

A.CHEVROLATI, Desbr.

A. consPersts, Desbr.

316 RHYNOHOPHORA. [Anthonomus.

with the head and rostrum, and sometimes margins of
elytva.black .....4:i-0:1\s a. 3% ae ayceidpgeete ee ee

ii. Rostrum dull; anterior femora with a feeble tooth. ,
1, Colour ferruginous ; rostrum short . . . . . «. (A. britannus, Desbr.)
2. Colour black ; rostrum long.

A. Thorax with the sides strongly narrowed in
front; first joint of funiculus of autennge much
longer than broad; sizelarger . . ... .

B. Thorax with the sides very slightly narrowed in
frout, almost subparallel; first joint of funiculus
of antenue not much longer than broad; size
smaller .0 0 ewe 0% 0 ere oe: ae NRA Ee aes

A. ulmi, De G. Brownish-red, or red, clothed with scanty whitish
pubescence ; head, rostrum and breast pitchy-black or ferruginous ;
rostrum long, slightly curved, dull, of equal length im both sexes ;
antenne reddish-testaceous, darker towards apex, inserted further from
apex than in A. pedicularius ; thorax closely and rather strongly punc-
tured; scutellum elongate-oval, thickly pubescent; elytra diffusely
covered with pale hairs, with a slender band in the middle, and a straight
transverse fascia of whitish pubescence (also on scutellum) behind middle,
with finely punctured strie and closely sculptured interstices; legs
reddish or ferruginous, femora more or less dark, anterior pair with a
very strong tooth, posterior pairs feebly toothed ; basal half of the tibiz
strongly sinuate on interior margin. L. 3-4 mm.

Male with the antenne inserted further in front of middle of rostrum
than in female.

On elms, &c,; not uncommon in many localities in the London and southern
districts and the Midlands; less common further north; Manchester district ;
Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland rare, Solway, Forth, Moray and
probably other districts; Ireland, near Dublin and Belfast.

The colour of this species is very variable, and the points of difference
which have usually been given as separating it from the following are
sometimes hard to make out satisfactorily ; as a rule the very large
teeth of the anterior femora afford a decisive character, but in some
specimens of A. pedicularius the teeth are very much developed, and
some of the other distinctions are more or less comparative; the insect,
however, may at once be known from the latter species by the strongly
sinuate anterior tibiz and the longer and more slender rostrum, which

A. VaRians, Payk.

A. RUBI, Herbst.

has the antenne inserted further from the apex. Bedel appears to class

A, ulmi and A. pedicularius as synonymous, but I cannot think that he
is right in so doing. Mr. Walton says he has found A. wlmi plentifully
on elms, but never in company with A. pedicularius ; the latter insect
appears to occur almost entirely on Crategus.

A. Rosinew, Des Gozis. Oval, rather convex, of the form of A. ulmi
and with the sculpture of A. Chevrolati; size small; colour varying
from reddish-brown to ferruginous ; rostrum almost or entirely black ;
antenne and legs ferruginous, femora usually dark in the middle;

Anthonomuz. ] RHYNCHOPHORA. 317

pubescence ashy white, mixed with yellowish hairs, the white hairs
forming a central line on the thorax and covering the scutellum ; there
is a white transverse band behind middle, and other obsolete white
markings ; the band is almost straight, wider towards sides and narrowed
and interrupted at suture ; rostrum elongate, cylindrical, almost straight,
and rather dull, at all events behind; thorax transverse, slightly ronnded
behind ; scutellum oblong; elytra flat at base, convex behind, with a
well-marked elevation at the base of the third interstice ; punctured
strie moderately strong, interstices flat, rather shining, comparatively
smooth; anterior femora armed with a long sharp triangular tovth ;
anterior tibie very strongly sinuate on their inner margin, the margin

_ being almost angled in the centre. L. 2-2? mm.

By beating hedges (I believe on Crategus) ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent (Robins
Wood and near osier beds at Bull’s in the meadows) and Bircham Newton, Norfolk ;
I had the species separated in my collection for some time, and sent a specimen to
M. Bedel, who returned it as A. Rosine; it certainly looks very distinct; I believe
ig it is by no means uncommon; M. des Gozis says that it appears to be not rare
in France.

A. pedicularius, L. Very like the preceding but on the average
slightly smaller; it is, however, very variable both as regards colour
and size, the former varying from bright red, almost scarlet, to deep
ferruginous or pitchy red ; it may be distinguished from A. ulmi by its
broader scutellum, less prominenf eyes, shorter and stouter rostrum,
more broadly distant intermediate coxe and shorter thorax, and especi-
ally by the much straighter and scarcely sinuate anterior tibize and the
less strongly marked teeth of the anterior femora ; the underside, more-
over, is more thickly clothed with whitish pubescence, and the antennz
are inserted near to apex of rostrum ; in fresh specimens the elytra pre-
sent the appearance of having two white fasciz and two denuded bands,
the anterior fascia being much more scantily pubescent than the pos-
terior ; this is also the case more or less in the preceding species. L.
3-3$ mm. _

On the flowers of white thorn and also on other shrubs and trees, but mostly
attached to the former ; generally distributed and common throughout the kingdom.

A. Chevrolati, Desb. Closely allied to 4. pedicularius, which it
resembles in general colour and size, but shorter and more convex, with
the thorax and elytra appearing separately convex if viewed sideways ;
it may, moreover, be easily known by the shape of the thorax, which is
more transverse than in the preceding species, slightly narrowed at the
base and very strongly so at the apex, and with the sides conspicuously
rounded before the middle ; the interstices, moreover, of the elytra are
smaller, there is no trace of a tuberele at the base of the third interstice,
and the anterior whitish fascia is somewhat curved towards the secutel-
lum ; the colour, as in the two preceding species, is variable L. 3-3}
mm.

318 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Anrthonomus,

On white thorn, the service tree, &c. ; scarce ; Shirley, near Croydon (Champion) ;
Forest Hill; Coombe Wood (S, Stevens) ; Darenth and Sydenham (Power) ; Chat-
ham; Deal (C, G. Hall) ; New Forest (Champion).

A. conspersus, Desb. Allied to A. pedicularius, but smaller than
the average specimens of that species; it is also evidently narrower and
more parallel s'ded and always of a pitehy black or pitchy brown colour,
with the antennz rostrum and legs reddish testaceous, the club of the
former being fuscous ; the pubescence on the elytra is coarse and scat-
tered and does not form bands ; in the only specimen I have seen this
whitish pubescence is thick on the thorax and forms a rather strong
central line, and the legs are entirely testaceous; other distinctive
characters appear to be found in the fact that the body is more abruptly
sloped off behind, and that the tibiz appear to be more slender at base.
L. 3 mm. 7

On the mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) ; rare; Trench Woods, Bromsgrove

(Blatch) ; Chat Moss (Reston) ; Scotland, rare, Solway and Dee districts (Aviemore, .

&c., Champion and Sharp); it has occurred in France, Germany, and Switzerland ;
it may prove to be a variety of one of the allied species.

A. pomorum, L. Pitchy black or fuscous black, clothed with
ashy pubescence ; head thickly pubescent, with an impression on fore-
head ; rostrum long and rather slender, slightly curved, antenne long
and slender, reddish, fuscous at apex ; thorax pitchy, sometimes rufo-
piceous at sides, not much longer than broad, closely punctured, with
rather scanty coarse whitish pubescence ; scutellum thickly pubescent ;
elytra pitchy, sometimes pitchy ferruginous, with alternate denuded and
white fasciz, the one behind middle composed of whitish pubescence
being oblique and much the most conspicuous, punctured striz distinct
and rather strong, interstices very closely punctured ; legs more or less
pitchy, but variable in colour, femora always more or less dusky,
anterior pair with a very strong tooth, intermediate and posterior pairs
with much smaller teeth. L. 3-4 mm.

On apple trees and also (but less commonly) on pear trees; somewhat local, but
common where it occurs ; apparently rather uncommon in the London district, Kent,
and Surrey, and also in the south ; Peckham ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Devon ; Bristol ;
Staires Farm, near Newnham-on-Severn; Midland district, widely distributed ;
Manchester and Liverpool districts; Scarborough ; Northumberland and Durham

district ; Stephens records it from Edinburgh, but Dr, Sharp does not mention it as

Scotch in his list ; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin.

A. varians, Payk. (pubescens? W.C.nee Payk.). A little smaller,
on the average, than the preceding species, red, with the head and
rostrum black, and the apex of the antenne and the tarsi pitchy; in
continental specimens the colour is very variable and is sometimes
entirely black, with the antenne testaceous at base; upper surface
clothed with very scanty greyish pubescence which is evenly distributed
and shows no tendency to form fasciz; thorax transverse, with the
sides strongly narrowed in front and moderately rounded behind, closely

Anthonomus. } RHYNCHOPHORA. 319

and strongly punctured ; elytra unicolorous red, or with the margins
darker, with deep punctured strie, and very finely punctured interstices ;
legs red, tarsi pitchy, anterior femora with rather strong and sharp
teeth. L. 23-3 mm.

Male with the posterior tibie slightly curved and the pygidium with
a central longitudinal furrow.

On Scotch fir; very local; Scotland, Tay, Dee and Moray districts (Braemar,
Aviemore, Rannoch, &c.). :

‘A rubi, Herbst. Black, unicolorous, clothed with distinct and
evenly distributed, but scanty, greyish pubescence, which is closer on
the breast and thick on seutellum ; head with an impression on fore-
head; rostrum long, slightly curved, dull; antennz slender, reddish at
base, fuscous towards apex; thorax broader at base than its length,
strongly narrowed in front, very closely punctured ; elytra with strong
punctured striew, interstices slightly convex; legs elongate and rather
slender, black, with the knees and tarsi pitchy, all the femora with a
small tooth ; tarsal claws bifid. L. 23-33 mm.

Male with all the tibie slightly curved.

On various species of Rubus and Rosa, especially brambles and dog roses; com-
mon and generally distributed throughout the greater part of the kingdom.

A. comari, Crotch. Allied to the preceding, of which it has by
many authors been regarded as only a variety; apart, however, froim
its very much smaller size, it may be known by having the thorax much
less narrowed in front and almost subparallel, the first joint of the
funiculus of the antennz distinctly shorter and nearly as broad as long,
and the femora more strongly dilated in the middle and abruptly nar-
rowed before apex; the elytra are often of a lurid or livid colour} the
species appears to occur in places and on a plant where A. ruiz is never
found. L. 13-2} mm.

On Comarum palustre (Potentilla comarum, (The Marsh Potentil) ) : very local ;
Northumberland and Durham district plentiful; Scotland, not uncommon in
marshy places in several districts ; Ireland, near Waterford (Power); Rye (Ent.
Monthly Magazine, vi. 88) records it as found by himself and Dr. Sharp in damp
parts of small glens near Camachgouran, Perthshire ; the only southern record I
know of is Dover (C. G. Hall) ; it is, however, possible that this may refer to small
specimens of the ordinary type form, which occasionally occur.

A britannus, Desbr. (pubescens ? Walton, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist. 1844, 106; vide Rye, Ent. Annual, 1870, p. 105). I can-
not make anything of this insect which has been retained in all
our catalogues; I have never seen a specimen, nor can I obtain any
satisfactory information regarding the species: the following is Walton’s
description :—“ Ovate, testaceous, cinereo-pubescent. Head small, round,
testaceous, punctulated and pubescent; eyes globose, brown-black ; ros-
trum rather longer than the head and thorax, slender, a little curved,
punctulated, deep rufous, shining, and more or less fuscous at apex.

320 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Anthonomus,

Antenne rather long, slender, rufo-testaceous, clava elongate and
fuscous. Thorax transversely impressed and constricted anteriorly, a little
rounded at the sides, bisinuated at the base, moderately convex above,
testaceous, closely and deeply punctured and pubescent. Scutellum
small, elevated anddensely pubescent. Elytra ovate, very convex above,
testaceous, deeply punctate-striate, interstices narrow, convex, indis-
tinctly punctulated and sparingly pubescent. Legs long, testaceous ;
anterior femora minutely dentate, posterior femora scarcely or very
obsoletely dentate. Length 13 line (3: mm.). The form of the rostrum,
with the place of insertion of the antenne, and the form of the tibie,
are very similar to A. pedicularius ; but the absence of a fascia on the
elytra, and the minute tooth on each of the femora, at once distinguish
this insect from the pale varieties of A. ulmi and A. pedicularius, to
which itis allied.” Three specimens of this,” Mr. Walton continues,
‘* with other British insects, takén in Herefordshire by Mr. Doubleday,
were given by him to Mr. Smith, one of which was kindly presented to
me by the latter gentleman: it occurs on pines in the north of Sweden ”’
One of these specimens, according to Mr. Rye, was communicated by Mr.
Crotch to M. Desbrochers des Loges, who described the species (under
the name A. britannus) solely from England on its authority: Mr.
Walton’s remarks as to Sweden being a locality for the insect must
therefore have referred to Gyllenhal’s A. pubescens, with which he
identified his insect. Mr. Rye states that ‘its entirely reddish-ferru-
ginous colour, short dull rostrum, feeble femoral teeth and small size
will distinguish it from any other of its genus:” it is not, however,
clear that Mr. Rye ever examined one of the three specimens, and I am
strongly of opinion that the insect was at most a variety of a closely
allied species (probably immature A. pedicularius), and that it must, at
all events for the present, be omitted from our lists,

' Mr. Walton says of this genus :—‘ There is the greatest imaginable
confusion among the species of this very pretty and interesting genus of
insects ; ten have been catalogued and described as specifically distinct,
but I must confess my inability to distinguish out of that number more
than four ;” the determination of the species has given me a great deal
of trouble and I am far from being sure that the table and descriptions
above given are altogether satisfactory ; it is quite possible that several
of the allied continental species, such as A. druparum and A. pyri, may:
be found in Britain ; the former species has, in fact, been recorded from
Somersetshire, but the insect turned out to be a variety of A. ulmi.
Mr. Walton long ago prophesied that it would probably be found in
Britain, if the wild cherry were searched for it, as it occurs plentifully
on the latter tree in Sweden.

BRACHONY3X, Schonherr.

One species only is contained in this genus, which is rather widely

Brachonyz.| RHYNCHOPHORA. 321

distributed in Europe, especially in the north ; it lives on Pinus sylves-
tris, and the larva undergoes its transfurmations between two pine-needles,
which are joined together and are by the presence of the insect arrested
in their development ; the species may be known by its elongate and
subparallel form and short stout legs, and by having the penultimate
joint of the tarsi very strongly bilobed ; the rostrum is long, slender
and curved, and the antenne are inserted ‘behind its centre ; in Britain
the species is confined to the sbehland districts of Scotland, in which it_
is very local.

B. pineti, Payk. (indigena, Herbst.) Elongate, linear, subparallel,
clothed with scanty but rather coarse pale pubescence, which is stronger
on the head and thorax, rather dull ; head and thorax dark, elytra red-
dish testaceous; rostrum shining, black, sometimes reddish-brown ;
antenne red ; eyes flat, somewhat widely separated on vertex; thorax
transverse, slightly narrowed in front, shallowly and not closely punc-
tured ; scutellum with whitish hairs; elytra very long, with strongly
punctured striz and narrow interstices, which are furnished with rows of
short hairs ; legs short and stout, red, tarsi broad; intermediate coxe
contiguous. L, 23-28 mm.

On young erate Fir; very local; Tay, Dee and Moray districts (Braemar, Avie~

more, Rannoch, &c. (Sharp, Champion and others) ); the species was first taken by
Turner in 1860, who said he had beaten his first three specimens off birch,

CIONINA.

This tribe is here regarded as including both Cionus and Nanophyes ;
it is characterized by the formation of the second, third and fourth ven-
tral segments of the abdomen, which are produced into a tooth at apex
near margin ; the antennz are inserted in front of the middle of the
rostrum and have the funiculus five-jointed and the club, as a rule,
large ; the anterior coxe are contiguous and the posterior cox are
distant ; the tarsal claws are connate; the transformations of Cionus
closely resemble those of Hypera, and will be further noticed.

In the formation of the trochanters the genus Nanophyes resembles
Apion, and on this ground. is classed by Bedel with the latter genus asa
separate sub-family Apiide ; the relations, however, of Nanophyes to
Cionus are so strong, and its differences from Apion, apart from the
trochanters, so great, that it can hardly be separated from the position
it has usually occupied among the Cionina, although it may, perhaps,
be in some respects regarded as a transitionary genus.

I. Femora not attaining cox ; trochanters long; scutellum
scarcely visible ; thorax comparatively large, not much
narrower at base than elytra; size small . . NANOPHYES, Schénh.
II. Femora attaining coxe ; trochanters short ; ‘seutellum
large and conspicuous ; thorax small, much narrower at
base than elytra, which are almost subglobose - « » Cronus, Clair.
VOL. V. ¥

ey)
lo
lo

RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Nanophyes.

NANOPHYES, Schoénherr (Spherula, Steph.).

This genus contains upwards of fifty species which are rather widely
distributed throughout the greater part of the Old World; only one has
been described from America, and this is somewhat doubtful ; twenty-
nine occur in Europe, of which two are found in Britain; they are very
small, convex, rather prettily variegated insects with long rostrum and
antenne, the latter terminating in a somewhat loose and elongate club; the
thorax is conical and is scarcely narrower at base than the base of elytra ;
the scutellum is inconspicuous ; the prosternum is very short before the
anterior cox, and the legs are long and slender, with the femora either
simple or finely denticulate ; one of the chief characters, however, lies
in the very large trochanters, which, as before stated, cause the genus
to be in some measure transitionary towards Apion, although its affini-
ties to Cionus are too great to allow of its being removed from its
present position; Gervais, who has deseribed the habits of the larva of
NV. tamaricis, remarks that the larva, which lives in the ovary of the
tamarisk, is able to impart to it a jumping motion ; in this it appears
to resemble the larva of the small exotic moth Carpocapsa saltitans.

i. Femora simple <4 &./s: 00 Lis. kha l picich gan eee
If, Femora armed on their under surface with one or two dis
tinct sharp spines... 64 4s 0 se wl we «© » 6NGRACILIS, Redt,

N. lythri, F. (marmoratus, Goeze). Convex, slightly obovate,
rather shining, black, clothed with fine greyish pubescence; elytra with
an abbreviated fascia and a posterior spot testaceous and covered with
whitish hairs; these, however, are somewhat variable ; rostrum long
and moderately stout, slightly curved, plainly striated, antenne red
with club dark ; thorax black, sometimes reddish on dise or almost
entirely reddish, scarcely: broader at base than its length, very finely
punctured ; elytra with deep striw, interstices somewhat convex; legs
entirely testaceous, or with the femora more or less black, the latter
simple. L. 1{-2 mm.

Damp places; on Lythrum Salicaria (Purple Loosestrife) ; somewhat local but
usually common where it occurs and sometimes found in profusion ; Wimbledon,

Woking, Lee; Norfolk; Monks Wood, and Wicken Fen, Cambridge; Dover;
Hastings district; Arundel; Portsmouth district; New Forest; Glanvilles

Wootton; Devon; Bath; Bristol; Swansea; Bewdley; Repton; Borth, Central .

Wales; Liverpool and Manchester district ; Northumberland and Durham district,
Heaton Burn, Spindlestone Pond and Hetton Hall, near Belford. Scotland, very
rare, ‘* Argyllshire, Rev. Geo. Little, Murray’s Cat.’’ Ireland, near Waterford,
Furnish Island, Co. Galway, Coney Island, Lough Neagh, &c.

N. gracilis, Redt. (geniculatus, Aubé). Very closely allied to the
preeeding, from which it differs in having all its femora furnished with
two small sharp spines on the underside, between the middle and the
apex, of which the one nearer the apex is much the smallest ; it may
also be distinguished by its longer and thinncr legs, antenne, and

Nanophyes. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 323

rostrum, shorter and rather more distinctly punctured thorax, less
evident pubescence, and broader and shorter and much less acuminate
elytra, of which the interstices are flat; it is difficult to compare the
colour, as WV. lythri is so variable, but in the single specimen I have
taken (in the New Forest) there is a large triangular patch covering
base, and the whole of the rest of the elytra is reddish testaceous ;
I have not noticed this colouring in the preceding species. L. 14-12
mm. .

Marshy places; by sweeping herbage ;: very local, and rare; according to Bedel it
has been found in France in numbers on Lotus uliginosus, and Brisout mentions it
as attached to Erica cinerea ; Champion mentions it as found running up the stems
of Carex, &e., from the marshy ground beneath, towards evening; Esher (in some
_ numbers, Rye and Champion); Horsell, Surrey (Power); Balcombe, Surrey; New
Forest (Champion, myself and others).

: CIONUS, Clairville.

The species of Cionus are very easily distinguished by their globose
' form and the black velvety patches on their elytra, which often, but
not always, take the form of small or moderate sized circular spots; the
thorax is extremely small in proportion to the elytra which are more
than twice as broad as its base; the rostrum is rather long and more
or less curved; the seutellum is conspicuous ; the prosternum is often
excavate before the anterior coxe and excised at apex, and all the
femora are armed with a more or less strong tooth ; the species known
are about thirty or forty in number, of which eighteen occur in Europe ;
representatives have also been recorded from North and South Africa,
Teneriffe, Siberia, Persia and Tasmania. They appear to be attached
to Scrophulariacee, and more especially to species of Verbascum
(Mullein), and Scrophularia; the larve feed on the leaves of these
plants and appear to a certain extent to mine the parenchyma; they are
covered with a glutinous matter which is secreted from a retractile
nipple placed on the upper surface of the anal segment; the softness
and mobility of their integument enables them to cover their entire
body with this substance ; it partly serves as a protection-against rain
or heat, but its chief use is in the formation of the cocoon in which
the insect undergoes its metamorphoses ; when the time arrives for the
change to the pupa state the larva attaches itself to a point of the leaf
and thickens the glutinous matter which covers it, and then contracts
its body so as to gain in breadth what it loses in length; when the
covering has been fixed to the leaf all round and has acquired consis-
tency it manages to detach itself from connection with it and undergoes
its change to the pupa ;’after six or eight days it emerges as a perfect
inseet, and then cuts a neat spherical hole in its cocoon and so emerges.
(Vide Chapuis et Candéze, Catalogue des Larves des Coléoptéres,
. Seay ke
The sexual differences consist in various characters of the rostrum
; : Y 2

324 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Cionus.

and the insertion of the antenne and of the last ventral segment of the
abdomen; they are not however very striking.

Seven species have been regarded as British, but one (C. olens) appears
to require further confirmation as indigenous,

I. Prosternum concave and deeply incised on its anterior
margin; second joint of funiculus of antenne elon-
gate, as long as the first.
i. pe iaga of elytra consisting of close pubescence
only,
1, Elytra with two common circular black velvety
spots, one before middle, and the other at

apex.
A. General colour of elytra black.
a. Thorax entirely covered with thick yel-
lowish white pubescence. . C. SCROPHULARIZ, L,
b. Thorax with the sides only ‘clothed with
thick yellowish white pubescence; disc
bare... «)6 © 27 Ww) ¢-\e\2@ 46> oes, Us DUBEROULOSUS. peor:
(verbasci, F.)
B. General colour of elytra grey or greenish

grey.
a. Rostrum subcylindrical, shagreened and
pubescent almost to apex in both sexes;
circular spot at apex of elytra often less
developed than the anterior one . . . C. rHapsus, F.
b. Rostrum narrowed from the insertion of
the antenne in both sexes, the narrow
portion being glabrous, shining and scarcely
punctured in the female; circular spots on
elytra of equal size. C. HorTULANDS, Foure.
2. Elytra with «a large irregular patch bebind
scutellum and a sharply defined circular spot at
apex black, the former often more or less brown ;
prevailing colour of elytra white .. . C. BLATTARIA, F.
ii. Clothing of elytra consisting of greenish grey
pubescence, and also of erect white sete; suture
of elytra with a small black spot before ‘middle,
and another, often absent, atapex. . . . . (C. oLzNs, F.)
II. Prosternum not excavate before anterior coxee nor
excised on its anterior margin (Cleopus, Steph.) ;
prevailing colour of elytra brown, with three longi-
tudinal patches at scutellum, a transverse fascia
behind middle, and a small spot before apex, black . C, PULCHELLUS, Herbst,

C. scrophulariz, L. Fuscous black, with two darker velvety black
circular spots on elytra, one before middle and another at apex ; thorax
entirely and breast thickly clothed with yellowish-white pubescence ;
the former small, transverse-conical, very closely sculptured; rostrum
moderately long and curved, punctured, antenne red, with the club dark ;
elytra broad, subglobose, with rather irregularly and somewhat strongly
punctured strie, alternate interstices elevated and furnished with sub-
quadrate velvety black and greyish-white spots alternately ; there is
also a spot of whitish pubescence in front of shoulders, and the sutural

NS i a

Cionus. | RHYNCHOPHORA, 825

cireular spot before middle is bounded behind, and the apical spot
before and behind with small whitish patches ; legs black, tarsi more or
less ferruginous. L. 33-43 mm. :

Male with the anal segment of the abdomen furnished with a trans-
verse band of yellowish hairs and subemarginate at apex.

On Scrophularia, especially S. aquatica and S. nodosa, also on Verbascum thapsus ;
rather local, but common where it occurs; Darenth Wood, Coombe Wood, Woking,
Cowley ; Aylsham and Potter Heigham, Norfolk; Hastings; Winchester; South-
ampton; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton; Devon; Bath; Swansea; Midland
districts, widely distributed; Manchester district, general ; Northumberland and
Durham district; Scotland, common on Scrophularia nodosa, Solway, Forth,
Tay and probably other districts; Ireland, near Belfast, and most likely general.

C. tuberculosus, Scop. (verbasci, F.). This species is so like the
preceding in general appearance that it does not require a separate -
description ; it may easily be distinguished by having the central part of
the thorax quite bare, and the sides thickly covered with yellowish
white scales, the lines of separation being sharply defined, so that it
may at once be known from rubbed specimens of C. serophularie in
which the pubescence of the disc of thorax is abraded; the meta-
_ sternum moreover and the first half of its episterna are without scales ;

the elub of the antenne is longer, and in the male the last ventral
segment of the abdomen is transversely convex and somewhat gibbous
at apex. L. 33-45 mm.
Lag ieas places; on Scrophularia nodosa and §. aquatica; also on Verbascum ;
, but not uncommon where it occurs; Hammersmith, Notting Hill and
Battersea Fields (formerly); Merton, Barnes, Ripley, Wimbledon, Lee, Greenwich,
Cowley, Forest Hill; Hertford; Hastings district; Glanvilles Wootten; Swansea ; -
Bretby Wood, near Repton (W. Garneys); Scotland, very rare, Forth district,
** Dollar, Mr. J. T. Syme,’’ Murray’s Cat. ; it is possible there may be some mistake
as to the latter record. ,

Cc. thapsus, F. (similis, Munich Cat. nec Miill.). Fuscous-brown,
clothed throughout unevenly with a greenish ashy pubescence, elytra
with the alternate interstices slightly elevated, and tessellated with
somewhat ill-defined lighter and darker patches, which are more marked
in some specimens than in others, and with two circular black velvety
spots, one before middle and another before apex, the latter being as a
rule smaller than the former; rostrum moderately stout, not narrowed
towards apex; antenne red; thorax small; elytra with punctured
- strie, which are concealed or almost concealed by the clothing ; legs
_dark, pubescent, tarsi red. L. 3}-4 mm.

On Serophularia nodosa and Verbascum thapsus ; rare; Mickleham (Power);
brs orryeng Portsdown, near Southsea, in May and July (Moncreaff); Glan-
villes Wootton (Dale) ; Llangollen (Chappell); the record of Stephens (Ill. iv. 18)

that the species been ‘‘ taken in June on Scrophularia, rather plentifully in
some districts, especially in a chalk pit at Northfleet,” is in the Manual (p, 218)
apparently referred to C. hortulanus.

326 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Cionus.

C. hortulanus, Marsh. Extremely closely allied to the preceding,
of which it has been regarded as a variety by many authors ; it is,
however, larger and may be known by having the rostrum narrowed in
front from the insertion of the antenne, and the narrowed portion
glabrous and shining and scareely punctured in the female, and also by
the fact that the two circular patches before the middle and at the
apex of the elytra are equal in size. L. 4-5 mm.

On Scrophularia nodosa and Verbascum thapsus, especially in chalky districts ;
not uncommon and widely distributed from the Midland districts southwards;
London district, Kent and Surrey, common, Darenth Wood, Sevenoaks, Nortlifleet,
Cobham, Weybridge, Dorking, Mickleham, Ripley, Coombe Wood, Gomshall,
Gravesend, Chatham, &c. ; Hastings district, common ; Southampton ; New Forest ;
Portsmouth district ; Midland districts, general; Lincoln, Langworth Wood; I know,
however, of no locality ia England further north, and the species has not been found
in Scotland. Ireland near Dublin.

(C. olens, F. Fuscous or fuscous-brown, with greenish-grey pube-
scence, and raised white setee ; antenne and legs reddish yel!ow brown ;
suture of elytra with a small velvety black spot before middle, and a
smaller one, often rudimentary or absent, before apex ; interstices, as a
rule, immaculate ; it is about the size of C. thapsus, but may easily be
recognized by the erect sete, the more uniform pubescence of the elytra,
and the fact that the apical spot is small or absent. L. 35 mm.

On Verbascum pulverulentum (Hoary Mullein); the larva mines the first leaves of
this plant ; a single specimen has been taken in Britain by Mr. Douglas, who cannot
however remember the precise locality in which it was captured: it therefore
requires further confirmation ; it is not uncommon in France and Central Europe,

and will probably be again found in England.)

C. blattarie, F. (alaudu, Herbst.). A very pretty and conspicuous
species, which at once attracts attention in the sweeping net by reason
of its white colour and peculiar variegation ; fuscous brown, clothed
throughout with white or greyish white pubescence ; rostrum moderately
long, dilated at apex, punctured; antenne ferruginous, with the apex
usually darker ; thorax small, with a large brown patch at base; elytra
with punctured strie, alternate interstices obscurely tessellated with
dark brown and white, with a large irregular and somewhat interrupted
dark patch at base, covering the greater portion of the apical half, and
with a clearly defined circular spot before apex; at the sides in middle
and on each side of suture there are often very distinct small dark
velvety patches ; legs testaceous, with the femora infuscate. L. 2-3}
mm.

On Serophularia aquatica and 8S. nodosa, also on Verbascum nigrum; somewhat -

local, but generally distributed and not uncommon from the Midland counties sonth-
wards; rarer further north; Northumberland and Durham district, ‘ Durhauw,
Ormsby’s Durham’; Scotland, scarce, Tweed and Forth districts ; it does not appear
to have been recorded from Ireland, but probably occurs in that country.

Cc. pulchellus, Herbst. (solan?, Gyll. nee F.). Brown or fuscous

— =

Cionus.] RHYNCHOPHORA, 327

brown, scantily clothed with greyish pubescence ; rostrum moderately
stout, punctured, antenne red or pitchy red with the club fuscous;
thorax very small and short with the sides subdilated, more or
less clouded with greyish pubescence on each side of the central
line; elytra with the alternate interstices slightly elevated, and
tessellated with velvety black spots and erect whitish fascicles of
hair, and with three more or less distinct longitudinal patches at
scutellum, a transverse fascia behind middle, and a small spot before.
apex black; legs ferruginous or pitchy ferruginous with the femora
more or less infuscate. L. 23-3 mm.

On Serophularia nodosa; local, but occasionally found m abundance; Coombe
Wood, Mizkleham, Caterham, Dorking, St. Mary Cray, Sevenoaks, Cobham,
Darenth Wood, West Wickham, Blackheath, Wimbledon, Westerham, Chatham, &e. ;
Hastings; Portsmouth district; Southampton; Glanvilles Wootton; Bath ;
‘Swansea; Midland counties, generally distributed ; Hertford; Cambridge; Liver-
pool district; Manchester district, general; Northumberland and Durham district ;
Scotland, rare, Solway district ; it probably occurs in Ireland.

OROBITINA.

One genus, Orobitis, is contained in this tribe, which is by many
authors placed under the Ceuthorrhynchina, but may be distinguished
by the quite exceptional structure of the first ventral segment, which
is very short and is divided into three equal parts by the posterior coxe,
‘which reach to the base of the second ventral segment; the body is
globose, and glabrous above ; the rostrum is received in a groove of the
prosternum and the head is retracted ; the anterior coxe are distant ;
the scutellum is large and distinct ; the legs are elongate ; the under
surface is very thickly pubescent.

| OROBITIS, Germar.

One species only is contained in this genus, which is somewhat
widely distributed in Central and Southern Europe ; it is a small, deep
black or bluish black, globose insect, and when it has its legs and
rostrum folded may easily be passed over as a seed ; it is found on species
of Viola, and according to Hardy the larva lives in the ovaries of
V. canina,

©. cyaneus, L. Globose, nigro-cceruleous or black, upper surface
smooth shining and almost glabrous ;* underside and scutellum densely
clothed with white or yellowish-white scales ; head punctured, rostrum
long, almost straight, punctured at base smooth from the insertion of the
antennz, which are long and pitchy, and terminate in an elongate club;
thorax transverse, almost semicircular, very finely punctured, often
bluish or violaceous ; elytra very convex, gibbous at base, with the

' * In fresh specimens the upper surface is sometimes sparingly furnished with
narrow indistinct bluish scales.

328 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Orobitis.

shoulders rounded, and with rather fine, almost impunctate, strie, of
which the tenth is joined behind to the ninth ; interstices broad and
fiat, smooth or almost smooth ; legs long in proportion to the body, more
or less pitchy, the femora being usually darker than the tibie and tarsi ;
femora elongate, without teeth; tarsal claws small and connate.
L. 23 mm.

Sandy and chalky places; by sweeping Orobus, Viola, &c. ; often in moss during
winter; somewhat local, but widely distributed, and not uncommon in many
districts; it is however never abundant apparently in any one place; London
district, not uncommon, Esher, Caterham, Mickleham, Coombe Wood, Darenth
Wood, Sevenoaks, Faversham, Maidstone, Chatham, Horsell, Farnham, &c.; Great
Yarmouth ; Ashwicken, Cambridge; Hastings; St. Leonards Forest; Arundel ;
Holm Bush, Brighton ; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton ; Seaford and Exminster,
Devon; Bristol; Swansea; Midland counties, widely distributed; Barmouth ;
Cheshire; Liverpool district ; Ripon; Scarborough; Cumberland; Northumberland
and Durham district, not common; Scotland, scarce, Solway, Tweed and Forth
districts ; Ireland, near Belfast (Haliday), Armagh (Johnson), Galway, not rare
(J. J. Walker), and probably general.

CRYPTORRHYNCHINA.

This tribe contains several European genera of which two, Acalles and
Cryptorrhynchus, are found in Britain ; the. species are dull, rough,
scabrous insects, and are characterized by having the tibie furnished
with a curved hook at their apical external angle, and by the prosternum
being strongly grooved for the reception of the rostrum ; the legs are
stout and the anterior femora are longer than the others ; the pygidium
is completely covered by the elytra.

I. Scutellum large and distinct ; episterna of metaster-

num not covered by elytra and well developed ; size

larger . . + « + + 0.0 0% shteqie se neni en « URYPTOREBYNCHUS, Jil.
II. Scutellum wanting or almost invisible; episterna of

metasternum indistinct or concealed by the elytra . . ACALLES, Steph.

CRYPTORRHYNCHWUS, liliger.

This is a very large and important genus containing between two and
three hundred species, which are very widely distributed in the Southern

Hemisphere ; very few, however, occur in the Northern Hemisphere, _

and one representative only is found in Europe ; it is arather large, dull,
rough insect, of a variegated black and yellowish-white colour, and is
found on osiers ; it also attacks poplars and alders ; the rostrum is moder-
ately long and curved, and when the insect is at rest it is fitted tightly
beneath the thorax ; the antenne are moderately long and terminate in
an ovate club; the scutellum is conspicuous, and the posterior coxz
are transverse and almost attain the margin of the elytra; the elytra
have the shoulders square and well marked and are somewhat acu-
minate at apex; the legs are stout, and, as in Acalles and other allied

> pee et

Cryptorrhynchus. } _ RHYNCHOPHORA. 329

species, are folded when the insect is alarmed or at rest so that the
knees project outwards ; in this state it is very hard to get the legs out,
even when the insect is somewhat relaxed, and the species is therefore
one of the most difficult weevils to set properly.

The larva bores galleries, which are slightly winding, in the stems of
osiers, and sometimes does considerable damage; the perfect insect
appears to be to a-certain extent crepuscular; I have found the males
and. females together in numbers in an osier bed near Repton,
Burton-on-Trent, at half-past four or five on a summer’s morning;
but they appeared to be scarce in the middle of the day or in the after-
noon in the same locality.

Cc. lapathi, L. Black, dull, with the sides of the thorax, a more or
less irregular and variegated fascia at base of elytra, and the apex of the
same distinctly and more or less broadly, clothed with coarse imbricate
yellowish-white scales; rostrum stout, slightly curved, punctured at
base, almost glabrous and shining in front; head with black scales ;
antennz reddish ; thorax scarcely transverse, with the sides rounded and
somewhat dilated in middle and narrowed before apex, central line
carinate, punctuation consisting of close and coarse round shallow punc-
tures, front portion with fascicles of raised black scales which look like
tubercles ; scutellum black ; elytra with the fascia at base varied with
black or fuscous, punctures of strie very large, round or ovate, compara-
tively shallow, interstices closely punctured, third, fifth and seventh
furnished with fascicles of raised black scales; suture with a very
narrow raised margin ; underside black, sparingly punctured ; legs black,
femora thickly scaled and furnished with two very small teeth. L.

8-9 mm.

' Male with the first ventral segment of the abdomen longitudinally
excavated ; Thomson and others mention the femora as furnished with
two teeth in the male only, but they appear to be more or less distin-
guishable in both sexes.

On willows; also, according to Bedel, on poplars and alders ; local, but widely dis-
tributed and not uncommon in some districts; Putney, Earls Court, Chatham, &c. ;
Dagenham, Essex; Ramsgate; Norfolk; Dover; Hastings district; Bewdley ;
Repton, Burton-on-Trent; Southport; Blackpool; York; Northumberland and
Durham district ; Scotland, rare, in old sallows, Solway and Forth districts.

ACALLES, Stephens.

More than a hundred species belong to this genus, which are very
widely distributed ; thirty-four are found in Europe and the remainder
have been described from the Canaries, Madeira, North, Central and
South America, Cuba, the Australian region, &c.; in fact they will pro-
bably be found to extend over the whole world ; they are small, incon-
spicuous, rough-looking insects, which are found in dead branches of trees,
by beating faggots, &c.; when alarmed they fold up their legs and

330 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Acalles.

remain motionless, and may in this state be easily passed over as bits of
earth or fragments of wood; they bear a strong affinity to Cryptorrhyn-
chus, but are very much smaller, and have the scutellum wanting or
almost invisible, and the episterna of metasternum indistinct or concealed
by the elytra.
The three British species very closely resemble one another, but may
be distinguished as follows :— ;
I, Upper surface without or with very short raised sete.
i. Thorax uneven with a broad central furrow; average
fee larger % ., 0\)6i, a As tal wi igo Babee ee a teee ol ee OB ORaa Ce ere
- Thorax comparatively smooth without central
pavecie 3 average size smaller . . . A. PTINoIDES, Marsh.
II. Upper surface with broad raised seteo, which are dis-
tinctly visible if the insect is viewed sideways. . . A. TURBATUS, Bok.
(misellus, Boh.)

A. roboris, Curtis (abstersus, Boh., Thoms.). Subovate, pitchy
black, thickly clothed with round depressed ashy scales, upper surface
rough and uneven, dull; rostrum stout, bare, ferruginous, with scales at
base ; vertex of head and two slightly elevated tufts on the fore part of
the thorax black ; antenne ferruginous ; thorax narrower than elytra,
about as long as broad, narrowed before apex, truncate at base, slightly
rounded at sides, with a deep broad depressed channel in middle, and un-
even at sides; scutellum scarcely visible ; elytra somewhat variegated
obscurely, rounded at sides and narrowed at apex, with the shoulders
not prominent, strie deeply and coarsely punctured, interstices narrow
and convex, furnished, especially towards apex, with very short erect
dark scales, the third and fifth elevated towards apex into a blunt
tubercle ; underside pitchy ; legs stout, ferruginous. L. 23-4 mm.

By beating dead twigs of oaks, &c.; in hedges in woods; local, but not uncom-
mon in some districts; Darenth Wood; Bexley, Kent; Hertford; Suffolk; Wicken
Ken; Deal; Hastings district; Amberley, near Arundel ; Portsmouth "district ;
Liangollen ; Cannock Chase ; Buddon Wood, Leicestershire ; Robins Wood, Repton ;

Scotland, very rare, Forth district, Roslin, Dr. Greville and Rev. W. Little, ”
Murray’s Cat.

A. ptinoides, Marsh. Pitchy castaneous, rugose, with large pune-
tures which are partially filled with ashy or ochreous slightly erect

scales, forming in fresh specimens four indistinct lines on thorax, and .

collected into more or less distinct transverse bands on elytra ; the mark-
ings, however, are often very indistinct; rostrum, antenne and legs
reddish, the former slightly curved, punctured ; thorax slightly longer
than broad, with the sides rounded, and somewhat constricted before
apex, disc almost even, punctuation much less coarse than that of elytra;
elytra deeply striated, the striz being coarsely punctured, interstices
narrow and convex, second and fourth slightly elevated, with two oblong
black tufts of scales on each (in fresh specimens); the average smaller
size, longer and more even thorax, and the absence of tubercles at the

Acalles.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 331

apex of the third and fifth interstices, will easily distinguish this species
from the preceding. L. 2-3 mm.

places ; by beating dead branches of fir, &c. ; occasionally found in moss
and emer leaves, and in sand-pits ; not uncommon in many localities ; Bishops Wood
(Highgate); Esher, Shirley, Caterham, Coombe Wood, Dulwich, Leith Hill, Bexle

, Wickham Wood, Weybridge, Tonbridge, Ripley, Chatham; Hertfo

Habe Norfolk ; Kingsgate ; Deal; Hastings; St. Leonards Forest ; New Fane!
Dorchester ; Devon ; Swansea ; Cannock Chase; Buddon Wood, Leicestershire ; ;
Robins Wood, Repton ; Northumberland “a Durham district, very rare, Gibside ;
Scotland, rare, Solway “and Forth districts.

A. turbatus, Boh. (misellus, Boh. ; echinatus, Germ.). This species
may easily be distinguished from the two preceding, to which it is closely
allied, by the comparatively long erect black scales on the thorax and
elytra, which are more distinctly visible if the insect is viewed sideways;
the upper surface is also clothed with more or less irregular ashy or
yellowish ashy scales ; rostrum, antennz and legs ferruginous, the former
almost smooth ; thorax longer than broad, slightly constricted before apex,
sides rounded, “closely and strongly punctured, even ; elytra very con-
vex, with deep and deeply punctured striz, interstices narrow and con-
vex. L. 2-3 mm.

By beating dead 3; in
the London snd southern districts; Mickichim, Coombe Wood, Forest Hill, Darenth,
Guildford, Lee, Dartford, Chatham, Gravesend ; Deal ; Hastings ; Portsmouth dis-
trict ; ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Bircham Newton, Norfolk (one specimen taken by myself,
August, 1877); Robins Wood, Repton (W. Garneys); Ireland, Carlingford, Co.
Louth (Johnson).

CEUTHORRHYNCHINA.

This is a large and important tribe, containing a considerable number
of genera and several hundred species ; by far the majority are found in
the Palearctic region, although representatives of the genera are found
widely distributed over the surface of the globe; they are, with very
few exceptions, small short and broad insects, with. the rostrum, as a
rule, long and slender, and received in a distinct pectoral grcove, which
is variable in length and depth, between the anterior coxe which are
distant ; in certain genera, however, the rostrum is short and stout and
not, or scarcely received; the antenne have the funiculus either 6- or
7-jointed ; the prosternum is often excised at apex, but is in many cases
only broadly emarginate or even truncate ; the posterior coxe are small
and do not reach the episterna of the metathorax ; according to Leconte
and Horn the members of the tribe may be distinguished from their
allies with distant front cox “ by the pygidium being perpendicularly
deflexed, and marked with a deep excavation (as in Mononychus), or
with a continuation of the acute lateral margin of the ventral segments,
against which the apieal margin of the elytra res

The Ceuthorrhynchina appear to be diurnal in their habits and are
found on various plants, especially Crucifere ; as a rule, when alarmed,

332 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Ceuthorrhynchina.

they contract the rostrum and limbs beneath their bodies and fall and
remain motionless ; in this condition they are very easily passed over
as seeds or little pieces of earth or gravel ; a few, however, have the
power of leaping sideways and in this way endeavour to eseape; this
property has especially been noticed in Rhinoneus perpendicularis
(subfasciatus) and is possessed to a less degree by Rhinoncus Castor and
bruchoides, Coliodes quadrimaculutus, and Ceuthorrhynchus hirtulus.
The larve of the tribe do not differ from the ordinary Rhynchophorous
type ; they are whitish, occasionally yellowish, fleshy grubs; the life
history of certain of the species is interesting and will be further re-
ferred to.

As regards the division of the tribe into genera, there is great
diversity of opinion ; in the catalogue published in 1883 by the Rev. A.
Matthews and myself the following were enumerated as distinct,
Mononychus, Cceliodes, Ceuthorrhynchus, Ceuthorrhynchidius, Amalus,
Rhytidosomus, Rhinoncus, Phytobius, Litodactylus, Eubrychius, Tapino-
tus and Poophagus ; of these Thomson (Skand, Col. x. pp, 194-197)
includes Rhytidosomus under Celiodes (which latter genus he regards
as distinct), and Ceuthorrhynchidius, Tapinotus and Poophagus under
Ceuthorrhynchus ; Amalus he considers a separate genus, and the re-
mainder he places under Rhinoncus ; the genus Mononychus has always
been regarded as distinct, but this does not occur in the Skandinavian
fauna.

Bedel goes considerably further than Thomson and reduces the genera
which are found in the basin of the Seine, and which are almost
identical with ours, to three only, Amalus, Mononychus and Ceuthor-
rhynchus ; of these Mononychus is distinct, Amalus includes Rhinoncus
and its allies, and Cewthorrhynchus is made up of the species proper,
and those belonging to the genera Celiodes, Ceuthorrhynchidius, Rhyti-
dosomus, Tapinotus and Poophagus, and of course to the several sub-
genera (such as Stenocarus, Megacetes, Cidnorrhinus, &c.), into which
one or two of these have been divided by Thomson and others.

M. Bedel, in grouping the species together, makes the following re-
marks (l.c. p. 162) :—‘‘ If we pass in review the series of Mediterranean
species, we very quickly perceive that the form of the body, the number
of joints of the funiculus, the dimensions of the rostrum, the develop-
ment of the pectoral channel, the structure of the femora and of the
tibie and their terminating brush of hairs (corbeil/e) have never the
value of generic characters ; they are excellent characters for the dis-
tinction of species, but nothing further;” to a very great extent M.
Bedel is right, but certain of the characters are in other groups regarded
as generic and we are brought back to the old question “What really
constitutes a genus?” which has never satisfactorily been answered, and
certainly cannot be answered as far as the Rhynchophora are concerned
in the present state of our knowledge; as, however, the characters which
have been given for the various genera belonging to the present tribe

ui Oy es, el ee ei er i i el a i i Mi

Ceuthorrhynchina. | RHYNCHOPHORA, 333

have in several cases a tendency to run into one another, and have, in
fact, been differently described in some cases by different authors, I
was, at first, as I have before stated, strongly inclined to adopt Bedel’s
arrangement of the genera ; on further consideration, however, I have
eome to the conclusion that this arrangement would probably be very

ing, and that it is the best plan to keep to the genera that have
been hitherto usually accepted ; it is quite possible that the synthesis
of the genera may be adopted, but the whole question regarding the
constitution of the tribe is very far from being settled.

I, Prosternum at least as long before the anterior
coxe as the coxe themselves and deeply incised
at throat.
i. Onychium terminated by a single claw ; scape
half as long asthefuniculus. . . . . .-. Mononycuus, Schinh,
ii. Onychium terminated by two claws; scape, as
a rule, as long as the funiculus. ~
1. Eighth joint of-the antennz independent of
the club and resembling the preceding joint ;
_ faniculus consisting of seven joints.

A. Pectoral channel for the reception of the
rostrum continued to or beyond apex of the
intermediate coxe and terminating in a
more or less prolonged excavation on the
MOCLOGIOIMENG Gk Giéeiieypes si 5 +e

B. Pectoral channel for the reception of the
rostrum sometimes absent, sometimes con-
tinued between anterior cox, but very

attaining the metasternum.
a. Lateral border of elytra not strongly cut
pereee shoulders ; form elongate, oblong-
ova “s. * . . * . * . * . . .
b. Lateral border of elytra cut back deeply
and angularly at shoulders; form short
-and broad, ovate . .......
2. Eighth joint of the antenne included in the
‘ b ; funiculus consisting of six joints.
A. Lateral border of elytra cut back angularly
at shoulders.
a. Form short, ovate; anterior lobe of
episterna of metasternum reaching the
tenth stria of the elytra. . . .... AO Fema ey
val.

Ca@tiopes, Schénh.

Poopnagaus, Schénk.,

CEUTHOREHYNCHUtS, Duval.

b. Form longer, oblong ; anterior lobe of
episterna of metasternum not reaching
ie orien oh vicegiy nt
er of e not cut
back at shoulders ; ferric: daoer and
subcostiform ; form short, subglobose .-. RuytTIDosomus, Schéinh,
II. Prosternum before the anterior core reduced to
a narrow border which is truncate or broadly
emarginate at throat,
i. Funiculus of antenne consisting of seven joints;
prosternum broad between the anterior coxe . RuHINONCUS, Steph.
ii. Funiculus of antennz consisting of six joints ;

Taprnotus, Schénh.

334 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Ceuthorrhynchina.

prosternum very narrow between the anterior
* coxe. -
A. Rostrum about six times as long as broad,
shining in front; sides of thorax without
tubercles 2° oi Bh SS A Sgt et ME AOR: Re eOie es
B. Rostrum short and broad, only two or three
times as long as broad; sides of thorax with
more or less distinct tubercles.

a. Tibiz and tarsi furnished sparingly with
long tatatory cilia; third joint of tarsi
narrow, without distinct lobes . . . .

b. Tibize and tarsi without cilia; third joint of

tarsi widened and deeply bilobed.
a*, Antenne inserted in middle of rostrum ;
last joint of tarsi elongate . . . .
b*, Antenne inserted in front of middle of
rostrum ; last joint of tarsi not elongate Pauyrosius, Schmidt.

Evsryonivs, Thons.

LiropactyLus, Redt.

MONONYCHUS, Schinherr.

This genus contains about ten species, five of which are found in
Europe, and the remainder in Siberia, China, Central Asia, the Canary
. Islands and North America; they are moderately large, convex and
thick-set insects, and may be known by having the onychium furnished
with a single claw, and the scape of the antenne only half as long as
the funiculus ; they live in the pods of species of I7is.

The larva of the single British species, M. pseudacort, is described and
figured by Westwood (Classification I. p. 345, fig. 41, 20); it consider-
ably resembles the larva of the nut weevil (Balaninus nucum), being
short, thick, tubercular, and without hairs ; it feeds in the pods of Iris
pseudacorus and is found in profusion in some parts of the Isle of Wight
in the seeds of this plant in August ; the beetle eats its way out of the
seed and pod and, after hybernating, deposits its eggs in spring, like the
other weevils.

M. pseudacori, I’. Black, slightly glossy, form stout and broad ;
head hollowed between the eyes which are large, with a few ferruginous
scales at the base of the rostrum ; rostrum moderately long and slender,
a little dilated at apex ; antenne reddish testaceous with the club dark ;
thorax narrowed in front, rounded and somewhat dilated behind, closely
and coarsely punctured, with a very distinct smooth longitudinal
channel ; elytra with a yellowish-grey spot at scutellum, which is ‘some-
times plain and sometimes obsolete, and with distinct punctured stria,
interstices broader than the strie very closely sculptured ; legs black,
robust and rather long; underside thickly clothed with yellowish-grey
scales, L. 4-45 mm.

Male with the pygidium raised longitudinally and the last ventral
segment terminated by two subdentiform lobes.

In seed pods of Iris pseudacorus (Yellow Flag); extremely local, but abundant

Mononychus.]} RHYNCHOPHORA. 335

where found ; Isle of Wight, Ventnor, &c. ; Curtis says that for the first specimen of
this insect that he possessed he was indebted to Mrs. Griffiths, of Torquay, Devon,
but I have not heard of its capture in that county of late years.

CE LIODES, Schonherr.

About forty species are included in this genus, which are widely dis-
tributed ; sixteen or seventeen occur in Europe and the remainder have
been described from Algeria, South Africa, Siberia, Persia, and North
and South America ; they have been divided into several further sub-
genera (Stenocarus, Allodactylus, Cidnorrhinus, &c.), by Thomson, Weise
and Leconte ; they may be known by having the pectoral furrow con-
tinued on to the metasternum and the mesosternum plainly foveolate ; the
thorax is usually constricted at-apex, and the femora, as a rule, are
armed with a tooth beneath ; the form is short and broad ; the colour is
variable, and the underside is more or less thickly clothed with whitish
or yellowish-grey scales. . .

I. Elytra without warty tubercles on interstices,
except occasionally at sides and apex.

i, Posterior femora simple or obsoletely toothed ;
pectoral furrow continued to apex of meta-
sternum ; colour red, reddish-brown or yellowish-

red, (Megacetes, Thoms., Nedyus, auct. pars.)
1, Thorax without or with a very indistinc: pro-
jection in middle of sides; posterior femora
simple or at most furnished with a small
brush-like tuft of hairs on their underside,
rostrum more or less infuscate.

"A. Elytra red, without transverse waved
bands, interstices convex and shining,
with one regular row of pale hairs on each ;
rostrum entirelydark. . . ... .

B. Elytra reddish-brown, with transverse
waved bands; interstices flat, with pale
hairs or scales set closely in at least double

rows.
a. Rostrum entirely dark ; suture of elytra

dark for its whole length; striz of elytra

SEs ae) oh eat ee ce eS UC. QuEnous,, F.
re (dryados, Gmel.)

C. nuBIcUNDUts, Herbst.

b. Rostrum red at apex ; suture of elytra in
‘part clothed with whitish scales ; striz of
elytra fine. : . . -,. - . + . . ‘CC. ROBER, Marsh.
2. Thorax with an angular projection in middle
_ of sides; male with the second ventral seg-
‘ment of abdomen furnished with a very dis-
tinct round fovea; posterior femora obsoletely
toothed; rostrumred . . .. .. . « C. ERYTHROLEUCUS, Gmel.
‘ (subrufus, Herbst.)
ii. Posterior femora armed witha strong sharp
tooth ; colour dark, dull.
1. Pectoral channel deepest behind the inter-
mediate coxe and there ceasing, not reaching
the middle of the metasternum which is almost

336 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Celiodes.

truncate; thorax deeply channelled!; elytra
with a dark hollow velvety patch at suture
just before scutellum (s.g. Stenocarus, Thoms.) OC, cARDUI, Herhst.
(fuliginosus, Marsh, )
2. Pectoral channel deepest behind the inter-
mediate coxe, nearly reaching middle of
metasternum which is emarginate; elytra
without dark patch before scutellum, but
with a more or less distinct white spot at
each side, about middle (s.g. Cidnorrhinus,
Thoms.) . . « . «© « © «© « « * »« « C. QUADRIMACULATUS, L,
II. Elytra with rows of warty tubercles on inter-
stices ; upper side deep black, rather shining,
i, Anterior margin of thorax slightly raised;
hairs on elytra scarcely visible if viewed side-
ways; punctuation of thorax less fine. . . . CO. GRRANIT, Payk.
(affinis, Payk.)
ii, Anterior margin of thorax strongly raised ;
hairs on elytra raised, plainly visible if viewed
sideways ; punctuation of thorax very fine , . CO. Exrauus, Ol,

C. rubicundus, Herbst. (quercus, var. 8. Payk.; melanocephalus,
Steph.). Short oval, convex, black or ferruginous with the elytra
red, shining, suture fuscous, with a patch of white scales at base; the
anterior margin of thorax is often lighter than the hinder portion ;
rostrum rather long, antennw slender; thorax closely punctured, very
obsoletely channelled ; elytra with strong punctured stris which are
almost as broad as the interstices, interstices somewhat convex, with a
row of pale hairs on each ; legs clear red, apex of tibie#,and the tarsi,
more or less fuscous. L. 2-35 mm.

Male with the posterior tibia armed with a small hook; abdomen -

broadly impressed at base, with the last segment broadly and deeply

impressed.

By sweeping herbage and beating young trees, especially birch; local; London
district, not common, Darenth Wood, Faversham, Shirley, Birch Wood, West Wick-
ham, Belvedere ; Chobham ; Hastings ; Holm Bush, Brighton ; New Forest ; Glanvilles
Wootton; Knowle; Cannock Chase; Robins Wood, Repton; York; Burnt Wood,
Staffordshire; Chat Moss, and common on all mosses near Manchester on birch;
Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, Solway, Tweed, Forth, Dee and
probably other districts. Te eae

Cc. quercus, F. (dryados, Gmel.). Brown or ferruginous brown,
with the rostrum, disc of thorax and breast dark, with grey scales which
are thicker at sides of thorax and on three more or less distinet waved
bands on elytra ; underside with greyish scales ; the suture of the elytra
is fuscous for its whole length ; thorax closely and rather strongly punc-
tured, without tubercles at sides ; elytra with strongly punctured stria ;
legs ferruginous, base of posterior femora dark, L. 2-25 mm.

Male with the posterior tibize armed with a small curved hook and
the abdomen broadly impressed at base ; according to Thomson the last
segment is furnished with a deep impression terminated on each side by
a rather thickly pilose tuberele.

oes ee

Coeliodes.] EHYNCHOPHORA. 337

On young oaks ; in woods and hedges; somewhat local in certain districts but not
uncommon throughout England and apparently Scotland; and sometimes abundant
in the New Forest and other southern localities. Ireland, near Dublin and probably
common.

C. ruber, Marsh (rujirostris, Steph.). Short oval, convex, larger
than the preceding, blackish or brownish, with the anterior margin of
thorax, and the elytra, lighter; apex of rostrum red, the colour being
sometimes distinct and sometimes rather obscure ; upper surface with .
grey scales which are thicker at sides of thorax and sometimes form an
obsolete central band on thorax and are continued on head; and’ also
form three more or less distinct waved bands on elytra; the suture, at
least in front, is also clothed with grey scales, as also is the underside ;
thorax closely punctured, without tubercular prominences at sides ; elytra
with fine punctured striz, interstices broad; legs ferruginous, femora
concolorous, L. 3-3} mm. )

Male with the posterior tibis armed with a small curved hook,
abdomen impressed at base, last segment with a transverse impression
at apex.

On young oaks in copses and hedges; rather local; London district, not un-
common, Darenth Wood, Chatham, Sandhurst, Esher, Shirley, Horsell, Woking,
Ashtead, Leith Hill ; Ashwicken, Norfolk ; Dover; New Forest ; Glanvilles Wootton ;
Bristol ; Swansea; Caernarvon; Llangollen; rarein the Midlands, the only record I
know being Robins Wood, Repton (W. Garneys) ; I have never found it in the Mid-
land counties, nor is it included in Mr. Blatch’s list; Northumberland and Durham
district ; Scotland, scarce, but widely distributed, Solway, Tweed, Forth, Dee, Moray
and probably other districts,

Cc. erythroleucus, Gmel. (subrujus, Herbst.). Very like the pre-
ceding in size, shape and general appearance, but easily distinguished
by its red colour and the angular projection in the middle of the sides of
thorax ; the white fasciz on the elytra are narrower and the male has
the abdomen broadly impressed in middle at base, and the last segment
plainly impressed transversely; the posterior femora are obsoletely
toothed, but the teeth are sometimes scarcely visible; the rostrum and
legs are entirelyred. L. 3-3} mm.

By beating young oaks, &c.; in woods and copses; usually regarded as rare; but
it is common in the Midland districts where it apparently replaces the preceding
Species ; in my experience it is also commoner than C. ruber in the New Forest dis-
trict; London district, Kent and Surrey, not common, Darenth Wood, Shirley,
Horsell, Charlton, Cowfold, Birch Wood, Maidstone ; Hastings; New Forest ; Lords
Wood, Southampton ; Midland counties, general; Lincoln; not recorded from the
tom oe and Durham district ; Scotland, very rare, Solway and Forth dis-

©. cardui, Herbst. ( fuliginosus, Marsh (s.g. Stenocarus, Thoms.) ).
Short and broad, dull black, thickly clothed beneath with whitish scales,
upper surface with greyish scales which are thicker on suture at apex
and on the alternate interstices of the elytra, and also on head and front
of thorax in fresh specimens; towards the base of elytra at suture
VOL. V. Zz

338 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Caliodes.

there is a very distinct velvety black patch, which will easily distinguish
the insect; thorax closely punctured, with a central furrow which is
more or less interrupted in middle ; elytra with fine punctured strize
and broad shagreened interstices, tuberculate at apex; legs black,
squamose, tarsi more or less ferruginous, femora toothed. Es 33-4 mm.

Male with the posterior tibie armed with a hook at apex and the last
ventral segment deeply and broadly impressed in the middle.

By sweeping herbage; often on roads and pavements; also found in moss and
under decaying seaweed and in sand-pits ; rather local, less common in many districts ;
London district, common everywhere ; Southern districts, widely distributed ; Mid.
land counties, very local and apparently scarce, Bewdley, Repton, &c. ; Lincoln,
abundant on pavements, &c., from early spring; Wallasey, Cheshire ; Stretford
near Manchester; Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, scarce, Tweed
and Forth districts,

M. Bedel (l.c., pp. 165 and 323) separates ©. cardui, Herbst.
(guttula F.) and C. fuliginosws, Marsh, which are usually considered
as synonymous, as follows :—

Head with a little stria between the eyean thorax with .

a lateral raised ridge or tubercle on each side, which is

rather strongly developed and continued as far as the

external border, if viewed from above . . . . C, carputr, Herbst.
Head without interocular stria; thorax with a small

tubercle on each side, which appears isolated, if viewed

from:above;.< « .» ss «6 16. +) wa» «wie |i. BUDIGINGSUS, tiation

The former of these species M. Bedel records as being found in sandy
places and on sand-hills in spring and autumn, and as occurring in
Central Europe, Western Siberia and Syria; the latter, he says, is found
in sandy districts and often under shady walls, and occurs in early
spring and summer; it inhabits the whole basin of the Seine, Central
and Southern Eurcpe, Algeria and Madeira; the larva has been found
by Rupertsberger at the roots of Papaver sommniferum.

It is possible that these two species may be distinct, but, as far as I
have been able to judge, intermediate specimens occur, and I should be
sorry to separate them on the characters given by M. Bedel unless they
were more marked,

C. quadrimaculatus, L, (didymus, F. (s,g. Cidncrrhinus, Thoms.) ).
Short and broad, convex, dull black, clothed beneath with thick whitish
or yellowish-white scales, which are also present in spots and patches on
the upper surface, the most conspicuous being at about the middle of
the sides ; the base, apex, and sometimes part of suture, are also more or
less plainly whitish, but the markings are not conspicuous, and the pre-
vailing colour of the upper surface is black ; thorax strongly and very
coarsely punctured with a shallow central furrow, and with distinct
lateral tubercles ; elytra with rather strong punctured strie, which are
almost as broad as the interstices ; legs stout, black, tarsi and tibiz more
or less ferruginous, femora toothed. L, 2-3} mm.

a PP eA

Coeliodes.} RHYNCHOPHORA, 339

_ Male with the posterior tibie armed with a hook, and the last ventral
segment obsoletely impressed.

On the common nettle, Urtica dioica; very common and generally distributed
throughout the kingdom; it is perhaps the most universally abundant of all the
British Curculionide.

C. geranii, Payk. (afinis, Payk. (s.g. Allodactylus, Weise.) ). Short
and broad, convex, deep black, shining, without scales on upper surface,
underside thickly clothed with whitish scales; head rather coarsely”
punctured, rostrum moderately long, punctured, ‘with a smooth central
line ; thorax closely and distinctly punctured, very convex, with very
small lateral tubercles ; elytra short and broad, with rather deep, almost
* impunctate, strie; and with the interstices each furnished with a row of
' setose tubercles, the setz being scarcely visible if viewed sideways ; legs
stout, black, intermediate and posterior femora rather obsoletely toothed.
L. 23-22 mm.

Male with the posterior tibie armed with a hook.

On various species of Geranium, especially G. sylvaticum, and also on G. pratense,
sanguineum and robertianum; in chalky and sandy places on the sides of cliffs, &. ;
commoner near the coast than inland; occasionally in moss in winter; locally
common; London district, not uncommon; Bristol; Swansea ; Barmonth, sand-

hills, common ; Llandudno; Bewdley ; Matlock ; Knaresborough, Yorkshire ; Man-
chester district, general but rare; 3 Northumberland and Durham district, ‘Axwell
Park, Gibside and Hartlepool; Scotland, widely distributed, Solway, Tweed, Forth,
Dee, and probably other districts; Kirkcaldy and Kinghorn (Power); it has not been
recorded from Ireland, but almost certainly occurs in that country; the records south
of the Midland districts appear to belong to the following species.

C. exiguus, Ol. This species, which by many authors has been
considered only a variety of the preceding, may be distinguished by
being rather smaller, and by having the anterior margin of the grek
more strongly reflexed, the watis of the elytra plainly visible if viewed
sideways, and the asperities or tubercles on the interstices of the elytra
less even; the punctuation of the thorax also is closer and finer ; the
differences are, certainly, comparative, but seem to be constant.
L. 23-23 mm.

In drives and paths through and on the borders of woods; on various species of
Geranium, especially G. sylvaticum, G. molle (according to M. H. Brisoat),
G. pusillum, rotundifolium and dissectum; London district, not uncommon ;
Darenth, Mickleham, Belvedere, Ripley, Dartford, Chatham, Gravesend, Sheerness,
Walton-on-Naze ; Whitstable ; 3; Deal; Eastbourne ; Arundel: Devon: Bewdley ;
Northumberland and Durham district, taken in plenty on Geranium sylvaticum by
Mr. Bold; the records of the two species appear to be somewhat confused, but Mr.
Champion informs me that he believes that all the southern records for C. geranit
must be referred to this species, as Geranium sylvaticum, which is the chief food-plant
of C. geranii, does not occur in the south at all; it appears, however, not to be
confined to this plant, but to occur on other species of Geranium,

POOPHAGUS, Schénherr.
Two species are comprised in this genus, according to the Munich
z 2

340 RILYNCHOPHORA, [| Poophagus.

catalogue published in 1871, but in the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter
and Weise five species are referred to it, so that it is probably more ex-
tensive than is at present known; in appearance they differ from
Ceuthorrhyncus in being more elongate and less thick set; the elytra
are not strongly cut back at the shoulders nor are they warty at apex ;
the thorax has no tubercles and is scarcely constricted at apex ; me
femora are rather slender and the claws are simple.

1. Prevailing colour grey; antenne and tarsi black ; femora

without tooth. . . P. stsymBri, F.

2. Prevailing colour eenish ; antenne and tarsi reddish tes-
taceous ; femora with a small but distinct tooth - « - © P.NAsTURTI, Germ.

P. sisymbrii, F. Oblong, rather depressed, black, clothed on both

upper and under surface with thick white scales ; rostrum long and °

slender ; thorax at least as long-as broad, constricted before apex, with
two dark longitudinal bands about middle ; elytra long, with punctured
striz, with the shoulders, an oblique spot about middle and another be-
fore apex, denuded and black; these spots are usually more or less
confluent and are very variable in size according to the freshness of the
specimens; legs long, black clothed with white scales, femora not
toothed. L. Qh -3} mm.

Male with the last ventral segment of abdomen slightly impressed and
the antenne inserted a little before middle of rostrum.

Female with the abdomen even and the antenne inserted in the
middle of rostrum.

Marshy places; on Nasturtium amphibium; not uncommon and generally "ies

tributed throughout England and Wales; Scotland, local, Solway, Tweed and Forth
districts; Ireland, Waterford, Galway, Armagh and ‘probably general,

P. nasturtii, Germ. (olivaceus, Gyll.). Broader than the preceding,
greenish-bronze, thickly clothed with greenish-grey scales on both the
upper and under side; rostrum long, black, with extreme apex red,
antenne red with club darker; thorax gradually narrowed in front,
scarcely constricted before apex, closely punctured ; elytra with rather
fine punctured striz, interstices rather broad, closely punctured ; femora
dark, clothed with greenish-grey seales, tibiee in part reddish, tarsi red ;
in some specimens there are traces of denuded spots and fasciz on elytra,
L. 23-38} mm.

In ditches, &c.; on Nasturtium officinale ; both this and the preceding species
are usually found beneath the surface of the water ; rare, but sometimes found in
considerable numbers, where it occurs; Hythe (Tylden) ; Exminster marshes, Devon,
rare (Parfitt) ; Rudham, Norfolk, fairly common (T. Wood) ; Hunstanton, Norfolk,
stream on the road to Heacham (Ww. G. Blatch and myself) ; Uphill, Weston-super-
Mare (Crotch) ; Notts and Yorkshire (Stephens), '

CEUTHORREHYNCHUS, Duval.

This genus is by far the most important in point of numbers of all

SNE ee ete is 5 .

Ceuthorrhynchus.] RHYNCHOPHORA, . ae

belonging to the tribe ; it contains, as far as is at present known, up-
wards of two hundred and fifty species, but in all probability is much
more extensive ; no less than one hundred and sixty of these are found
in Europe; a certain amount, which will probably be increased, occur
in Siberia and Central Asia, and a very few in North and South
America; species have also been described from Algeria, Madeira,
Ceylon, &c., but I do not know of any from the Australian region; they -
may be known by their short broad form, the 7-jointed funiculus
of the antennz, and the incised shoulders of elytra.

The males of Ceuthorrhynchus, according to Bedel, may be known
by having a little claw at the apical internal angle of the intermediate
or posterior tibize; besides this there is usually a more or less distinct
impression or fovea towards the base of the abdomen, or a bunch of hairs
or some other mark on the second or fifth ventral segments of the

‘abdomen ; in certain species the proportions of the rostrum are different
in the two sexes, in which case that of the female is always the
longest. 3

_ The larvz are small, stout, whitish, occasionally yellowish, grubs ; they live on the
same plants as the perfect insects, and’ undergo their metamorphoses in the stalks,
flowers or fruits; some of them form galls or excrescences at the foot of the root-stalk
or on the roots themselves, and one or two of our British species are well known as
attacking cabbage and turnip plants; the best known of these is C. pleurostigma,
Marsh (sulcicollis, Gyll.), the larva of which is white when found at -the roots of
cabbage, and yellowish or flesh coloured when it attacks swedes; these larve form
galls or excrescences at the roots, and apparently when full fed they leave their hiding-
place and enter the earth to undergo their final transformations; the perfect beetle
gnaws the leaves and in all probability deposits its eggs at the roots of the plant ;
of the perfect insect, larve and galls will be found given by Curtis (Farm
Insects, p. 132); the damage done to turnips is not of much account apparently, but
young cabbages are often much injured by the attack ; Miss Ormerod recommends as
a remedy the careful burning of old cabbage stalks and especially a change of crop,
as the weevils will not attack carrots, parsnips, corn, &c.; the use of gas-lime, caustic
lime, soot, wood-ashes and spent hops has also been found of great service.

Another very common species that does much damage to the seed-
pods of the turnip, and, I believe, of mustard and other Crucifere, is
C. assimilis (Payk.), which is of about the same size as C. pleuro-
stigma, but is much greyer, being thickly clothed with grey scales,
whereas the latter insect is deep black, rather shining, and almost
glabrous on its upper surface ; the small species C. contractus (Marsh),
is also said to have done very great damage to young turnips by punctur-
ing and destroying the young leaves in much the same fashion as the
turnip-tlea (Phyllotreta_nemorum); I have not, however, heard of its
ever having proved very injurious of late years.

There are thirty-seven British species, some of which are very closely
allied ; it is, however, as a rule, not difficult to distinguish fresh speci-
mens, but the scales are very easily rubbed and the identification of such
specimens-is of course harder in a large genus than in a small one ; in
one or two cases, e.g. C. marginatus, C. punctiger and C. rotundatus, the

342 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Couthorrhynchus.

species are so closely allied that several authors have had consider-

able doubt as to their being specifically distinct ; the following table
will be found of considerable service, but as some of the chief characters
are not very obvious, it will be found more useful for particular groups
than for the species taken as a whole.

I. Femora not toothed.
i. Tarsal claws dentate beneath or appendiculate on
their inner side.
1. Rostrum black.
A. Elytra with small tubercles before apex . . C. SYRITES, Germ.
B. Elytra without tubercles before apex.
a. Elytra black, rather shining, with simple
rows of white sete o @ « 6 © ow se « Cl BETOStS; Boh.
(atomus, Boh.)
b. Elytra covered with piles: close grey :
scales . . C. consrrictus, Marsh.
2. Rostrum bright red ; form very ‘short and con-
vex with coarse elytral strie . . . . . . C. ERION, Gyll.
ii. Tarsal claws simple, rather slender.
1. Elytra with a band of white scalesextending the
whole length of the suture. . - (C. suturalis, F.)
2. Elytra without sutural band of white scales,
A. Elytra with a white patch of scales at
scutellum . . . C. COCHLEARIZ, Gyll.
B. Elytra without a white ‘patch at ‘ecutellum,
a. Upper surface thickly clothed with grey
scales «° ss . CO, Assrminis, Payk.
b. Upper surface without or almost without
scales, shining and apparently glabrous.
a*, Elytra bright blue or violet; punctures
of strive finer, of thorax coarser; thorax
with aslight central furrow. .
b*. Elytra with a very slight bluish. green
or eneous reflection ; punctures of strive
coarser, of thorax finer ; thorax without
central furrow . . . ©, contRAcTUS, Marsh.
II, Femora, at all events the posterior pair, toothed, as
a rule plainly, but in one or two cases with the
teeth obsolete in one sex.*
i. Tarsal claws dentate beneath or appendiculate on
their inner side.
1. Elytra without scales, but with raised hairs,
visible if viewed sideways, and forming single
rows on each interstice.
A. Anterior femora with a small tooth ; posterior
femora with a distinct tooth; elytra bright
blue.
a. Strie of elytra narrow, interstices flat . . €. CYANIPENNIs, Germ.
(suleicollis, Payk. nec Gyll.)
b. Strise of elytra broad, interstices convex. . C. OHALYBHUS, Germ.
B. Anterior femora without tooth; posterior
femora with a smali tooth in female and with

C,. ERYSIMI, F.

* This is the case with C. hirtulus only among our species.

I i a a i

tae - -_

Ceuthorrhynchus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 343

the tooth obsolete in the male; elytra black-
5 IES Sloe. ne eid Dale es
2. Elytra with scales, or hairs (recumbent or rarely
raised), forming at least two rows on each
_ interstice.
A. Elytra with raised pubescence, visible if
i sidewa
a. Base of thorax almost straight; pubescence
of elytra even, coarse and very distinct,
brown with a white scutellary patch and
- some white dots ontheelytra . ....
b. Base of thorax bisinuate produced towards
scutellum

a*. Clothing ofelytra very distinct,in part con-
sisting of brownish-white scales; general
colourbrownish. . .. + +++.

- b*. Clothing of elytra not distinct unless
viewed sideways, consisting of fine pubes-
cence; generalcolourblack . . . . . C. PICITARSIS, Gyll.

B. Elytra with the clothing variable, but always

‘recumbent, and not, or scarcely, visible if

C. HIRTULUS, Germ.

C. PILOSELLUS, Gyll,

C. QUADBIDENS, Panz.

Elytra not metallic.
a*, Elytra with fine but very distinct white
stripes along certain of the striz, which
are also 16 on thorax, and with
. oblique white stripes across some of the
interstices, forming a pattern ; sizelarge. C, GEOGRAPHICUS, Goeze.
echii, F.
b*. Elytra without white stripes on the Sects
strie ; interstices variably coloured.
a}. Ninth interstice furnished with a row
of warty prominences reaching to
shoulder. . . . + + © « « « « OC. POLLINARIUS, Forst,
- bt. Ninth interstice resembling the others.
at. Elytra without a light patch at
scutellum.
*, Outer margin of tibize before apex
with a projecting tooth followed
by a brush of bristles reaching to
apex; elytra usually with a white
patch on each side towards middle
ofmargin. . ... - + . C. Vipvatus, Gy/ll.
** Outer margin of tibie either
simple or furnished with bristles
before apex but not toothed.
_ +. Central furrow of thorax fine ;
scales of elytra fine, subrotund-
Mele se. es OL. aNeunosus, Bok.
++. Central furrow of thorax
deep; scales of elytra {fili-
* form.
t. Thorax almost glabrous ;
anterior femora with a
small tooth-like fascicle.

344 RHYNOHOPHORA. [ Ceuthorrhynchus.

aa. Sides of breast. very closely covered with
greyish white scales; tarsi black. . . . C..pLEvROsTIGmA, Marsh.
(suleicollis, Gyll. nec Payk.)
bb. Sides of breast almost bare; tarsi pitchy
rd 6655.56) Due bet SE ae C. ALLIARIZ, Bris.
tt. Thorax clothed with long ashy pubescence or
whitish linear scales; anterior femora without
fasciclo, si. + « NYS eRe een
bt. Elytra with a white or brownish-white patch at
scutellum.
*, Elytra without any pattern of scales.
+. Elytra with a very distinct isolated white spot
at apex, opposed to the basal spot . . . . C. VeRRUCATUS, Gyll.
(diguttatus, Boh.)

C. RAPE, Gyll.

+t. Elytra without distinct isolated apical spot.
+. Tibie and tarsi and apex of femora red . . OC, RESEDR, Marsh,
tt. Tibie black or pitchy black,
aa. Thorax rather convex, covered with small
and extremely close circular punctures;
elytra convex not at all asperate at the
sides ; apex of pygidium with a deep in-
cision in both sexes . . . . . . + « GO. PUNOTIGER, Gyll.*
bb. Thorax rather depressed, shagreened ;
elytra plainly depressed in front, finely
asperated towards the sides; pygidium
foveolate behind in the male, entire in the
female . . . 0 Ae . . . *. . . .
**, Elytra with a very indistinct pattern of scales,
but with more or less defined whitish or yellowish
white and blackish spots.
+. Thorax longer, less strongly constricted in
front’; elytraoval) . 5, Sehr
++. Thorax shorter, more strongly constricted in
front; elytra shorter, oblong-oval . .°. . . C. RuGuULOSUS, Herbst.
***, Hlytra with a distinct pattern of scales.
+. Thorax long, about as long as its breadth at
base -. 0 ew oe 0h a eA ea OP ELAN OSTIOTUS, Marsh.
++. Thorax short, evidently transvers. ‘
f. Scutellary patch separated from the lateral
fascia by four interstices.
aa. Antenne and tibie red, club of former
sometimes dark.
aa*, Second interstice of elytra without a
white spot at base; thorax simply convex
at sides; anterior femora witha large tooth C. ASPERIFOLIARUM, Gyll.
bb*. Second interstice of elytra with a white
spot at base; thorax angularly raised at
SIUGS) s.k se ae ee he! eh Po et MO TEROUATUS, Horbat,

bb. Antenne and tibie black. . . . . . C. EUPHORBIA, Bris,
tt. Scutellary patch joined to the lateral fascia

C. MARGINATUS, Payk.*

C. urtIcm, Boh.

* With regard to these two species I have followed M. Bedel, and I have also
followed him in placing C. distinetus under the sub-gerfus Ceuthorrhynchidius ;
these species have always been a great difficulty to collectors; I have never seen a
specimen of M. Brisout’s C. rotwndatus which has been recorded from France and
Britain; M. Bedel entirely omits it.

: Ceuthorrhynchus. | _, REYNOHOPHORA, 345

by a series: of spots or linear patches, or only
interrupted at fourth interstice.
aa. Thorax shorter, evidently transverse, raised
at apex ; second joint of the funiculus of the
antenne equal to the first . . C. CHRYSANTHEMI, Germ.
bb. Thorax longer, not or scarcely raised at :
, apex; second joint of the funiculus of the
- : antenn@ a little shorter than the first. . . C. TRIANGULUM, Boh.
. Fi Tarsal claws simple, rather slender.*
‘1. Seutellary patch entirely white; tarsi dark;
"tubercles at sides of thorax completely sur-
rounded with white scales. . C. LitwrRA, F.
“2. Scutellary patch yellowish in middle and white
_ on each side; tarsi red; tubercles at sides of
thorax not entirely surrounded by white seales. C. TRIMACULATUS, F.

GC. assimilis, Payk. (brassicw, Foe.). Oblong-oval, upper surface
rather depressed, leaden-black, underside thickly clothed with white
scales, upper surface with moderately close grey scales; rostrum long

_ and slender ; thotax narrowed and considerably constricted in front,
- elosely and rather strongly punctured, with the anterior margin raised,
and with a central furrow (which is deeper in front and behind and
often more closely covered with scales); on each side there is a raised
transverse line or tubercle ; elytra with shoulders well marked, and with
- comparatively fine, but distinct, punctured strix, interstices flat, apex
feebly muricate ; legs rather long and slender, femora simple, tarsal claws
not cleft or toothed. L. 2-3 mm.

Male with the posterior tibie armed with rather a strong hook; and
the last ventral segment of the abdomen furnished at apex with a rather
broad and shallow fovea; antennz inserted in middle of rostrum.

_ Female with the tibiz simple, the last ventral segment with a small
peer ae > ed antenne inserted a little behind middle of rostrum.

Erysimum and other Crucifere ; the larve have been found in the
pss of the caltivetod cabbage; generally distributed and common throughout the

CG. syrites, Germ. Allied to the preceding, but much broader, with
the thorax at base nearly twice as broad as long, more strongly -con-
stricted before apex, strongly and deeply punctured, the elytra more
broadly and distinctly muricate at apex, with the interstices granulosely-
punctate, and furnished with rather broader scales arranged in biseriate
rows; the club of the antennz also is shorter and the tarsal claws are bifid;
the black colour of the upper surface has no metallic reflection ; in the
female the antenn are inserted further behind the middle of the rostrum
than is the case with C. assimilis. L. 27-3 mm.

By ey a 3 herbage ; very rare ; found by sweeping in the field opposite the inn
at Birch Wood corner, July 11th, 1860, on Silene inflata by Dr. Power ; Birch

Wood, July, 1860 (S. Stevens) ; Erith, June 26th, 1860; Knowle, Bewdley and
Tewkesbury (Blatch).

* See page 342, twelve lines from bottom.

346 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Ceuthorrhynchus. ~

G. setosus, Boh. (atomus, Boh.). A small black, rough-looking,

rather shining species, upper side scantily clothed with white setz, —

underside with whitish scales ; rostrum slender, scarcely as long as head
and thorax; head closely punctured, rather depressed between eyes,
which are not prominent; thorax rather short, with the anterior border
raised, narrowed and constricted in front, coarsely punctured, with a
more or less distinct central furrow, and a very feeble tubercle on each
side; elytra with deep punctured striz, nearly as broad as the inter-
stices, which are, at least in part, divided into squares by transverse
strie, and are furnished with rows of white sete ; legs moderately stout,
black, femora not toothed. L. 15 mm.

Male with the posterior tibiz armed with a small hook at apex and
with the rostrum shorter than in female.

Sandy places; on Iberis amara (Bitter Candytuft) and Nasturtium officinale;

extremely local, but not uncommon where found; Claygate, Esher, Mickleham, —

Horsell, Ashtead, Reigate. Dartford; Bushey, Herts; St. Faiths Norwich; Bran-
don, Suffolk ; Cowley; Plymouth; Whitsand Bay, near Plymouth. et De

C. constrictus, Marsh. Short ovate; entirely clothed with
greyish scales, which are thicker on the under side than on the upper,
and are arranged in’ biseriate rows upon the elytra; head closely’

punctured, eyes not prominent, rostrum moderately long and slender,’ ~

antenne dark, ferruginous at base ; thorax a little broader than long, with
the anterior margin raised, constricted at apex, but with the sides before
the constriction subparallel and slightly rounded, closely and distinctly
punctured, central furrow not very plain ; elytra rounded at shoulders,
with broad strizw, which are nearly as wide as the interstices ; legs rather
stout, black, with grey scales, femora not toothed. L.1l}mm. ~~

On Erysimum alliarium (=Alliara officinalis, Garlic Mustard) and (rarely) on
Sisymbrium ; local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Hammersmith, Highgate,
Norwood, Putney, Mickleham, Caterham, Belvedere, Lee, Faversham, St. Ma
Cray, Tonbridge, Bearstead, Boundstone, &c.; Folkestone; Hastings ; Portsmout
district, sometimes common in June on the garlic mustard; Glanville’s Wootton
(common) ; Swansea; Woodbastwick and Horning, Norfolk ; Scotland, rare, Forth
and Moray districts; the Scotch records are rather remarkable as it has not occurred
in any intervening districts.

Cc. cochleariz, Gyll. (atratulus, Gyll.). Short and broad oval,
convex, deep black, rather shining, upper surface with scanty greyish -
pubescence, which is hardly apparent, and a distinct patch of white
scales at base of suture of elytra ; underside thickly clothed with whitish
scales ; head closely punctured between eyes, rostrum moderately long,
rather dull, antenne pitchy with club black ; thorax narrowed and con-
stricted in front, with anterior margin raised, central furrow distinct,
punctuation strong and not very close ; on each side there is a small
tubercle; elytra rounded at shoulders, with deep punctured striae,
interstices rugose; legs moderately long, black, femora not toothed,
tarsal claws simple, rather slender. L, 13 mm,

Ceuthorrhynchus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 347

- On Cocklearia officinalis and Cardamine pratensis, especially in marshy places ;

local, but sometimes found in abundance; Hammersmith, Mickleham, Esher,
Woking, Coombe Wood, Darenth, Wimbledon, Highgate, Cowfold, Ripley, Hasle-
mere, Faversham, Snodland, Chobham, Chatham, Maidstone; Aylsham, Norfolk ;
Wrabness, Essex; Folkestone; Austings; Amberley; Holm Bush, Brighton ;
Portsmouth district; Knowle, near Birmingham; Alton; Aigburth shore, near
Liverpool ; Scotland, not common, Solway and Forth districts.

_ (C. suturalis, F. Dull black, with the base of the antenne and_
the legs ferruginous; underside clothed with thickly set whitish scales ;
upper side with greyish or brownish-grey hairs, and a broad line of
white scales extending from the neck to the apex of the elytra, a
character that will at once distinguish it; thorax with the anterior
margin moderately raised, sides without tubercle ; elytra with punctured
strie ; legs moderate, femora not toothed, tarsal claws simple, rather
slender. L. 2-2} mm. .
On flowers of species of Allium (leeks, onions, &c.) ; a single specimen only has
been recorded as British, which was taken by Mr. T. Sidebotham in May, 1865,
crawling on the sand at Llandudno, on the Welsh Coast; no other specimen has
occurred, and the species appears to require further confirmation as British. )

GC. ericz, Gyll. (albo-setosus, Gyll.; s.g. Mierelus, Thoms.), A
small, short species, black, in fresh specimens powdered. with yellowish-
scales, antenne, legs and rostrum red; base of suture of elytra,
and underside, thickly clothed with white scales; eyes separated by a
very narrow punctured space, rostrum long and slender; thorax com-
paratively long, not strongly constricted in front, deeply punctured,
with an interrupted, and often obsolete, central furrow, and a small
tubercle on each side; elytra short and broad, much broader than thorax,
with prominent shoulders and deep punctured striz, interstices narrow,
with small sharp rough tubercles and rows of erect white sete ; femora
robust, not toothed, tarsal claws bifid. L. 1j-1{ mm.
' Male with the posterior tibie armed with a hook, and the last seg-
ment of the abdomen impressed.
On ling and heather (Calluna and Erica) ; local, but common where it occurs, and

generally distributed throughout the kingdom from the New Forest and the Scilly
Islands to the Shetland Islands.

Cc. erysimi, F. Short oval, upper surface not strongly convex,
seneous or brassy black with the elytra bright metallic blue or greenish
blue, very scantily pubescent, apparently glabrous, underside with scanty
whitish scales ; thorax comparatively long, strongly constricted before
apex, sparingly but deeply punctured on disc, with an interrupted
central furrow, and a small tuberele on each side; elytra with mode-
rately strong punctured strie, muricate at apex, interstices rather
broad, slightly convex; antenne, rostrum and legs black, the latter
moderately long, not toothed, claws simple. L. 1j-1? mm.

Male with the posterior tibie armed with a hook, and the last ventral
segment with a fovea in middle.

348 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Ceuthorrhynchus.

On Erysimum and other Crucifere ; common and generally distributed throughout
the kingdom. .

The v. chloropterus, Steph., is more brassy, with the elytra brassy
green and more feebly striated: it appears to be generally distributed.

Cc. contractus, Marsh. Smaller than the preceding, which it
resembles, but easily distinguished by its colour which is black, with
the elytra bluish- black or greenish-black, slightly metallic; the head and
thorax in C. erysimi are distinctly brassy but in this species are dull
black or only slightly shining ; the punctures of the thorax are closer
and finer. and those of the strie of the elytra are coarser and the
interstices are narrower; the fovea of the last segment in the male is
also smaller. L, 1-14 mm.

V. pallipes, Crotch. This variety has the legs quite pale, and the
elytra greener and more metallic; it has only occurred on Lundy Island,
where it was found by Mr. Wollaston.

On various Crucifere ; very common and generally distributed throughout th
whole kingdom; by far the commonest of the smaller species,

©. cyanipennis, Germ. (sulcicollis, Payk; nee Gyll.). Oblong:
ovate or subovate, upper surface depressed, without scales, underside
with sparing white scales, black, with the abdomen somewhat zneous,
and the elytra bright metallic blue; head closely punctured, rostrum
long ; thorax strongly constricted at apex, strongly and deeply punctured,
with a distinct central channel and a lateral tubercle on each side; elytra
with comparatively narrow and fine punctured striw, interstices flat,
rugose, with single rows of fine hairs ; legs rather long and moderately

Oo
stout, femora toothed. L. 2-25 mm. me?

Male with the posterior tibie armed with a strong hook, and the last
segment of the abdomen impressed in middle,

On Sisymbrium officinale, Erysimum alliaria, Capsella bursa-pastoris, &e.; local
but common where it occurs ; London district, Kent and Surrey not uncommon, Cater-
ham, Shirley, Esher, Norwood, Hammersmith, West Wickham, Chatham, Sheerness
Dartford, Maidstone; Dover; Folkestone; Hastings; Isle of Wight, Ventnor,
cliffs on west of town, not uncommon; Leicester; Findern, near Repton; Llangollen 4
Heysham, Lancaster ; Stretford, Manchester ; Northumberland and Durham district,
Gilsland, Hetton Hall, near Belford, and Gosforth; Scotland, scarce, Solway Tweed
and Moray districts; not recorded from Ireland but it probably occurs. :

This species is of about the size, shape and general external form of .
C. assimilis ; it resembles C. erysimz in colour and in the sculpture of
the thorax, but is larger and is easily known by the sculpture of the elytra
and the toothed femora,

CG. chalybeeus, Germ. (cerulescens, Gyll.). Smaller and more con-
vex than ‘the preceding, and easily distinguished by its general shape
and the broader striz and narrower and more convex interstices of the
elytra; black, with the underside rather thickly clothed with whitish
seales, elytra deep blue; thorax with the anterior margin almost trun-
cate and somewhat raised, deeply punctured, with a central channel

Ceuthorrhynchus. RHYNCHOPHORA. 349

and a distinct tubercle on each side; elytra with strong and broad
punctured strie which are almost as broad as the interstices, inter-
stices narrow and convex with rows of whitish sete ; legs moderately
long. L. 15 mm.

~ Male with the posterior tibize armed with a hook, the teeth of the
femora almost obsolete, and the last segment of the abdomen with an
impressed fovea.

Female with the tibie simple and the femora, at all events the inter-*
mediate and posterior pairs, distinctly toothed.

On Sisymbrium officinale, Thlaspi arvense and other Crucifere; the larva has
been found at oe foot of the latter plant ; local, but not uncommon where it occurs;
Barnes, Weybridge, Caterham, Hammersmith, Notting Hill, Hampstead, Lewisham,
Claygate, West Wickham, Belvedere, Dartford, Rusper, Chatham, Sheerness,
Gravesend ; Norfolk, near "Hunstanton ; Deal ; Hastings ; Southampton district ;
Llangollen ; Llandudno; Findern, near Repton (W. Garneys); Heysham, Lan-
caster ; Stretford, Manchester ; Scotland, rare, Moray district.

I believe C. viridipennis, Bris., to be a variety of this species, per-
haps bearing the same relation to it that the v. chloropterus bears to
C. erysimt. I have not, however, had an opportunity of examining a
type of the insect; Dr. Sharp omits the species in the second edition
of his catalogue, and M. Bedel does not notice it at all in his work,
even as a synonym. Mr. Champion records it from Whitstable and
also from Caterham (on Mereurialis perennis), and it has been recorded
also from Hammersmith and Llangollen.

C. hirtulus, Germ. A small, short oval species, rather convex,
under piteas To clothed rather sparingly with whitish scales, upper
surface black with the elytra obscurely blue or black blue, with the
interstices furnished with distinct rows of black sete ; rostrum rather
long, head depressed between eyes, closely punctured ; thorax closely
and strongly punctured, constricted in front, with a central channel
and a distinct tubercle on each side; elytra with rather strong pune-
tured striz, interstices moderately broad; legs somewhat .stout. L.
1}-1} mn.

_ Male with the posterior tibiz armed with a hook at apex, the last
ventral segment of abdomen impressed with a small fovea, and the
posterior femora furnished with an obsolete tooth.

Female with the tibie simple and the posterior femora furnished
with a small but distinct tooth.

On Sisymbrium officinale and other Crucifere ; the larva has been observed on
Draba verna; it lives in a gall on the stems and undergoes its transformations in
the earth; rare; Deal (Champion); Portsmouth district (Moncreaff); Isle of
Wight (Blatch) ; York (Hey) ; Scotland, very local, Tweed and Forth districts,
Rannoch, Aberlady, &e.; Mr. 8. Stevens has received it from Mr. Wollaston, and
I believe that Dr. Power once took it at Mickleham, but I am not quite sure of
his record.

In size and general appearance the species somewhat resembles C.
contractus, but may be known by its colour, the sete of the elytra

350 RHYNOHOPHORA, [ Ceuthorrhynchus.

and the small femoral teeth of the female; the latter character, the
colour of the elytra, and the less strong setz will separate it from C.
setosus.

Cc. suturellus, Gyll. Short-oval, convex, black, with the elytra
blue, suture black with a spot of white scales at base, underside
elothed with white scales which are very close beneath shoulders;
thorax very sparingly furnished with whitish scales, rufescent beneath
on apical margin, broader than long, strongly punctured, with a central
furrow and a lateral tuberele on each side ; elytra without raised sete,
and with distinct obsoletely punctured striw, interstices rather de-
pressed, finely rugose ; legs black, femora toothed. L. 2-23 mm.

On Cardamine pratensis; rare; Snodland, Kent (Champion) ; Hythe (Tylden) ;
Bearstead, near Maidstone (Gorham).

C. pilosellus, Gyll. (hispidulus, Stevens, M.S.). Short, ovate,
moderately convex; black, rather shining; underside clothed with
yellowish scales ; thorax with a short line in middle of front of thorax,
and elytra with a spot at scutellum covered with whitish or yellowish-
white scales, and some of the same scales scattered over disc; elytra
rather closely covered with brownish hairs, upright and inclined back-
wards ; these are also present to a less degree on thorax; thorax with
a central furrow and conical lateral tubercles, constricted at apex, an-
terior margin rather strongly raised, base almost straight ; elytra with
rather deep punctured striz, interstices convex, rugose and roughened
towards apex. L. 2-3 mm,

Sandy places ; by sweeping herbage ; the food plant does not appear to be known;
very rare ; Birch Wood, Charlton and Plumstead (S. Stevens) ; Deal; Seaton,
Devon, January 1st to 5th, 1864 (Power, two specimens).

C. quadridens, Panz. Oblong ovate, upper surface rather depressed,
upper and under sides clothed with greyish-brown or whitish-brown
scales, which are thicker beneath, black, with the antenne, extreme
apex of tibie, and tarsi, reddish-testaceous ; thorax long, strongly and
broadly constricted before apex, closely punctured, with a central
furrow and lateral tubercles; elytra with an neous reflection when
denuded of scales, strongly tuberculate at apex, with fine, searcely
punctured, strize and broad flat interstices, which are furnished with
upright pubescence ; the base of the suture is more thickly clothed with
scales; the species appears to be very easily rubbed, and unless in
fresh specimens the scales of the upper surface are often scanty and
abraded ; legs moderately long, femora with small teeth. L. 2}-23
min.

Male with the posterior tibize armed with a large hook and the last
segment of the abdomen impressed in middle.

On Sisymbrium, Brassica and other Crucifere ; the larva lives in the stems or
at the roots; locally common; generally distributed in the London district and

i i i i

Ceuthorrhynchus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 351

southern counties ; not common in the Midlands ; I have never found it in the Mid-
land counties myself nor is it in Mr. Blatch’s list; Mr. W. Garneys has, however,
taken itat Repton; Mablethorpe, Lincolnshire; Filey, Yorks; Holy Island; North-
umberland and Durham district ; Scotland, common, Solway, Tweed, Forth, Moray
and probably other districts; Ireland, Waterford, and near Belfast.

This species somewhat resembles C. melanostictus, but may be
known by having the thorax more narrowed in front, by the absence of
a distinct pattern of scales on the elytra, and also by the upright
pubescenee, which is distinctly visible if viewed sideways. :

C. geographicus, Goeze (echii, F.). A large and conspicuous
species, black or fuscous black, with the underside thickly clothed with
greyish-white scales, which on the upper surface are arranged in dis-
tinct slender lines forming a pattern; the thorax has the posterior
margin and three narrow lines white, and on the elytra the most eon-
spicuous line is an oblique flexuous one arising at the base of the
suture ; rostrum long, antenne in part ferrugimous; thorax about as
long as its breadth at base, constricted before apex, very closely punc-
tured, without distinct central furrow and with lateral tubercles, sides
notched in front; elytra with fine striz and broad flat interstices, and
with small spines at sides and towards apex ; legs stout, femora strongly
toothed. L. 43-5} mm.

On Echium vulgare and occasionally on thistles; the larva lives in the roots of
the plant and undergoes its transformations in a cocoon below the surface of the
earth ; the perfect insect appears in June; locally common; London district, Kent
and Surrey, not uncommon ; Mickleham; Caterham; Whitstable; Deal; Dover;
Sandgate; Purfleet, Essex; Hastings; Amberley ; Southampton ; Portsmouth dis-
trict; Bristol; Rodborongh, Gloncestershire; Swansea; Northumberland and
Durham district, rare; Scotland, very rare, Tweed and Forth districts.

This species is the largest of the British Ceuthorrhynchina and
cannot possibly be mistaken for any other,

Cc. pollinarius, Forst. Black, or brownish-black, underside
clothed with yellowish-grey scales, upper side with rather scanty cine-
reous and brownish scales which are much thicker in quite fresh
specimens, antenne and tarsi ferruginous; head depressed between
eyes, antenne inserted before middle of rostrum; thorax moderately
long, narrowed and broadly constricted in front, closely and strongly
punctured, with a deep central furrow and very strong sharp lateral
tubercles ; elytra broad, with strongly marked shoulders and fine striz,
interstices flat, rugose ; ninth interstice entirely and the rest at apex,
muricate ; legs long, femora strongly toothed. L. 4 mm.

Male with the posterior tibie armed with a small hook at apex and
the last ventral segment impressed with a small fovea.

_ On nettles (Urtica dioica) ; abundant and generally distributed throughout the
om.

C. viduatus, Gyll. (s.g. Thamiocolus, Thoms.).. Black, dull, upper

352 | RHYNCHOPHORA. _ [Oveuthorrhynchus.

side sparingly and underside thickly clothed with whitish scales,
elytra with a lateral patch at sides and another lunulate spot before
apex white ; rostrum rather long and stout, antenne in part ferruginous;
thorax comparatively short, with the anterior margin raised, strongly
constricted before apex, very closely and strongly punctured, with an
indistinct central furrow, chiefly represented by a deep depression before
scutellum, lateral tubercles absent ; elytra with fine strie and broad
rugose interstices ; legs mostly reddish-brown, femora strongly toothed,
tibie before apex armed externally with a sharp tooth. L. 2$-3} mm.

Male with the posterior tibize armed with a large hook, and the last
segment of abdomen strongly impressed, .

On Stachys arvensis; rare; Surbiton, Surrey (Power); Claygate eat
Dagenham, Essex ; Sheerness; Portsmouth district (Moncreaff) ; Suffolk (Garneys) ;
Wicken Fen (Blatch) ; Sherwood Forest (Hardy) ; Robins Wood, Repton (Garneys);
Fallowfield, near Manchester (Chappell) ; Heysham, Lancaster (Reston); Northum-
nears district, banks of Irthing (Bold); Scotland, rare, Solway, Forth and Clyde

istricts.

This species much resembles the very common Celiodes quadri-
maculatus in general appearance, but, apart from the character of the
pectoral groove, it may be known by the tooth before apex of tibie, and
also by the fact that the white marks on the elytra are nearer the
shoulder; it is also larger ; it is, however, very probably passed over
in mistake for this species by collectors.

Cc. angulosus, Boh. (impressicollis, W.C. nec Gyll.), About the
size of C. pollinarius, but with a longer, narrower, and subconical
thorax ; black, antenne, tibiz and tarsi yellowish-brown ; body covered
with greyish scales, which are thicker on the underside, and on the
elytra are fine and subrotundate; rostrum moderately stout, thorax
scarcely broader than long, somewhat conical, very slightly constricted
towards apex, closely and finely punctured, central furrow fine, lateral
tubercles small and acute, anterior margin not reflexed ; elytra with
fine’ punctured strie, interstices scarcely convex, not muricate at
apex ; legs long and slender. LL, 8-35 mm.

In marshy districts ; probably attached to a Cruciferous plant; very rare; Scot-
land, Solway district ; received from Mr. Little, taken in the North of England (8.

Stevens) ; in Dr. Power’s collection there is a specimen from Mr. Hardy and another
without locality, labelled ‘‘ rugulosus, Germ., ¢mpressicollis, W. C. coll. Wollaston.”

C. picitarsis, Gyll. (¢arsalis, Boh.), Ovate, black, base of antennas
and the tarsi reddish-testaceous ; occasionally the antenne are entirely
reddish; underside diffusely covered with greyish scales, upper
surface without scales, but with raised greyish or brownish-grey
hairs which are visible if viewed sideways; head depressed between
eyes, rostrum rather long; thorax broadly and strongly constricted
towards apex, with anterior margin strongly-raised, coarsely punctured,

Ceuthorrhynchus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 353

with moderate central furrow and small lateral tubercles; elytra with
comparatively fine punctured stria, and rather broad fiat interstices,
apex muricate ; legs rather stout, femora toothed. L. 2-2} mm.

Male with the posterior tibie furnished with rather a strong hook at
apex.

On Sisymbriwm officinale and (very rarely) on Erysimum alliaria ; also on Bras-
sica ; the larva has been found at the roots of Brassica napus; very local and, as
a rule, rare, but sometimes found in abundance in a particular spot; Erith; Belve- ~
dere, Kent, taken by Dr. Power and Mr. Champion in plenty ; Saltwood, Kent;
Bearsted (Gorham, one specimen) ; Sheerness; Folkestone; Hythe; Portsmouth
district (Moncreaff) ; Llangollen (Chappell).

This species might at first sight be easily passed over in mistake for
the common C. pleurostigma, but the reddish-testaceous tarsi will at once
distinguish it ; from C. alliarie, which has the tarsi pitehy red, it may be
separated by the upright pubescence of elytra. ;

_ ©. pleurostigma, Marsh. (sulcicollis, Gyll. nee Payk.). Oblong
ovate, black, upper side with scanty greyish recumbent pubescence,
underside thickly clothed with whitish scales, which are especially thick
on the mesothoracic epimera ; thorax strongly constricted before apex,
coarsely and not very closely punctured as compared with other species,
with a strong central channel and a small lateral tubercle on each side ;
elytra with deep but comparatively fine striz, interstices broad and fiat,

muricate at apex; legs entirely black, femora not strongly
toothed. L. 2-2} mm. é'
_ Male with the posterior tibie armed with a hook, the last segment
of the abdomen deeply and widely impressed, and the penultimate
furnished with two small tubercles before apex.

_ On various Crucifere; common and generally distributed throughout the

Cc. alliari®, Bris. (inornatus, Wat.). Closely allied to the pre-
ceding, from which it may be known by the pitchy red colour of the
tarsi and the fact that the under surface of the body is sparingly fur-
nished with white scales, the mesuthoracic epimera being comparatively
denuded ; in the male the penultimate ventral segment of the abdomen
is simple and the depression on the last segment is bounded by a
conical tubercle. L. 23-3 mm. ‘

. On Erysimum alliaria ; local but not uncommon where it occurs; Highgate, Nor-

wood, Hammersmith, Mickleham, Caterham, Putney, Box Hill, Ripley, Belvedere,
St. Mary Cray, Boundstone, Bearsted ; Portsmouth district (Moncreatf) ; it appears to
be confined to the London, South-Eastern and Southern districts.

CG. rape, Gyll (inafectatus, W. C., nec. Schén.). Rather a large
species which at first sight resembles C. assimilis and C. syrites, but
may be known by the more robust legs, toothed femora and cleft tarsal
claws ; leaden black, upper surface rather closely, underside very closely
clothed with greyish-white scales; thorax rather long, narrowed in front,

VoL. v. Aa

354 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Ceuthorrhynchus.

moderately strongly punctured, with the anterior margin scarcely raised,
broadly and not strongly constricted before apex, with a deep central
furrow and small lateral tubercles ; elytra with comparatively fine and
distinctly engraved striz, interstices rather broad, flat, interstices rugose,
not strongly muricate at apex ; femora with small and inconspicuous
teeth. L, 3-35 mm. .

Male with a rather blunt hook at apex of posterior tibie.

On Sisymbrium officinale ; local and usually rare; Barnes and Lee (Champion) ;
Lee (Sharp) ; Tottenham (Waterhouse) ; Putney ; Hammersmith and Belvedere (S.

Stevens and Power ; Dr. Power took twenty-two specimens at the former place on
August 18, 1867) ; Lewisham; Portsmouth district (Moncreaff).

Cc. verrucatus, Gyll. (biguttatus, Boh.), Rather a large and con-
spicuous species ; oblong-ovate, rather depressed on disc, dull black, with
the underside and a spot at base and another at apex of elytra thickly
clothed with whitish scales, remainder of upper surface with brown scales ;
single white scales are also dotted over the interstices; rostrum mode-
rately long ; antenne inserted before middle of rostrum, more or less
ferruginous ; thorax rather long, with a central greyish-brown line,
strongly constricted before apex, anterior margin raised, finely and very
closely punctured, with indistinct central furrow and small lateral
tubercles ; elytra with fine and narrow, scarcely punctured, striz, inter-
stices broad and flat, only slightly muricate at apex; legs in part
reddish-brown, femora dark, toothed. L. 3-4 mm.

On the Horned Poppy or Sea Poppy (G@laucium luteum) ; very local, but commor
where it occurs; Southend; Bopeep, near Hastings; Worthing; Hayling Island,
common in autumn; Mr. Moncreaff, who has taken it in this locality, says that it is
found at the roots among the dried leaves of the plant, and that it feigns death for a
long time, so that much patience has to be exercised in searching for it; Seaton
Beach, Devon, in abundance (Power); it appears to be confined to the south-

eastern and southern coast, where it probably occurs wherever the food plant is
found.

C. resedee, Marsh. Black, depressed on dise, with scanty light-
fuscous scales above and thick brownish-grey scales beneath ; tibie,
tarsi and apex of femora reddish ; at the base of suture there is a shiny
spot of light scales ; the sides of the thorax are also more thickly clothed
with scales, as also are certain parts of the elytra ; rostrum long ; thorax
rather long, constricted in front, closely and strongly punctured, with
a central furrow marked by a line of scales, and small lateral tubercles ;
elytra with fine strie and broad flat interstices, muricate at sides and
apex ; legs rather stout, femora strongly toothed. L, 25 mm.

On Reseda luteola and R. lutea ; very local and, as a rule, rare; Gravesend ;
Greenhithe; Strood; Chatham; Dover; Deal; Arundel; Eastbourne; Portsmouth

district ; Freshwater, Isle of Wight ; Swansea; Suffolk ; Cromer, Norfolk (abundant,
J. J. Walker).

‘ G. punctiger, Gyll. Short oval, black, sparingly clothed with fine
cinereous scales above, and with a conspicuous patch of white scales at

Ceuthorrhynchus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 355

base of suture, underside thickly clothed with whitish scales, which
are also present at the sides of the elytra; thorax transverse, covered
with small and very close circular punctures, strongly constricted in
front, apical margin raised, with an obsolete central furrow, and with-
out lateral tubercles ; elytra with fine punctured strie, interstices broad,
slightly roughened at apex, but with the sides smooth; apex of pygi-
dium with a deep incision both in the male and female ; intermediate
and posterior femora rather feebly toothed. L. 2-2} mm. ;

Male with the posterior tibie armed with a hook, the last ventral
segment of the abdomen broadly and deeply impressed, and the pygidium
narrowly but deeply incised at apex.

Female with the tibie simple, the last ventral segment impressed
with a narrow line at apex, and the pygidium with a short incision.

On Tarazacum officinale (Common Dandelion) ; the larva lives in the plant-head ;
also found in moss on chalky hill sides, &c.; rare; Caterham; Dorking; High-
— Darenth ; Hythe ; Deal; Scotland, rare, Solway, Moray and probably other

cus. _

C. marginatus, Payk. Very closely allied to the preceding, of
which it has been considered merely a variety, or rather C. punctiger has
been considered a variety of this species ; it differs in having the thorax
sub-depressed and shagreened, and the elytra evidently depressed in
front and finely asperate at the sides; the second joint of the antenne
is shorter, the thorax is less widely constricted before apex and less
convex, and the elytra are broader towards apex; the rostrum of the
female is also shorter and broader ; the pygidium is foveolate behind in
the male and entire in the female. L. 23-3 mm.

! and ; sweeping her ; often found in flowers; the larva
: Fae the heads soe oreo } ral area a ; London district, rather com-
mon, Caterham, Mickleham, Darenth, Reigate, Shirley, Weybridge, Haslemere, West
Wickham, Cowley, Horsell, Bearsted, Wimbledon, Chatham, Gravesend, Bushey;
Birchington; Deal; Dover; Folkestone; Sandwich; New Forest; Knowle; Lin-
coln; Barmouth; Llandudno; Yorkshire; Manchester district, general, but not
common; Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, Balmuto, Fifeshire
(Power) ; Ireland, Rathkurby, near Waterford (Power).

(C. rotundatus, Bris. This species of M. Brisout, which is recorded
as from France in the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, but is
not referred to at all by M. Bedel, appears to be intermediate between
the two preceding species ; it is described as near C. punctiger, but of
shorter form and greater convexity, with relatively wider striz, and its
pygidium not deeply excised. L. 2-2} mm.

in : imes found on flowers, &c.; rare; first mentioned as
anne be Frain bss London; Reigate, Caterham and Weybridge (G. C.
Champion). : ;

C. urtice, Boh. An inconspicuous-looking species, dull black, with
the base of the antennz and the tarsi yellowish-red, upper side scantily
and unequally covered with greyish scales which form no pattern but are

- Aa2

356 _ RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Ceuthorrh ynchus.

thicker towards ‘base of suture, underside thickly clothed with greyish
white scales ; thorax rather long, closely punctured, with a fine central
furrow, and with distinct lateral tubercles, rather broadly constricted
before apex which is not much raised ; elytra oval, with the shoulders
rounded, with deep punctured striz# and rather convex interstices,
feebly roughened at sides and apex; legs rather robust, femora not
strongly toothed. L. 2-23 mm.

On nettles; rare; Caterham, Mickleham, Bearsted, Maidstone, Boundstone;

Amberley, near Arundel; Portsmouth district; Llangollen; received from Mr.
Walton, taken, I believe, in Yorkshire (S. Stevens).

C. rugulosus, Herbst. (gallicus, Gyll.; melanostigma, Marsh). Short
ovate, rather convex, but depressed on dise, black or brownish-black, with
the antennae, tibize and tarsi ferruginous ; underside thickly clothed with
greyish scales ; thorax with a central line, and two other lines parallel
to this, of greyish scales, often more or less abraded; elytra with lines
and dashes of whitish scales, which are thicker on parts of suture, and
with a central sutural black patch; the pattern, however, is indistinct ;
thorax short, very strongly constricted before apex, with an indistinet
central furrow and a small tubercle on each side ; elytra short and
broad with rather fine strize and broad interstices, which are muricate at
apex ; legs rather stout, femora strongly toothed. L. 2mm.

Male with the posterior tibize armed with a hook and the last ventral
segment impressed.

Marshy places: by sweeping herbage and often in moss and at roots of grass ; it is
found on Corymbifere ; the larva has been observed in the stems of Matricaria
chamomilla and Chamomilla nobilis ; local, but not uncommon; Claygate, Norwood,
Forest Hill, Warlingham, Dartford, Lee, Cowley, Horsell, Birch Wood, Dulwich,
Faversham, Chatham, Sheerness; Drayton, varisty with hardly any markings;
Dagenham; Hastings; Hastbourne; Brighton; Worthing; Isle of Wight; Ports-
mouth district ; Portland; Bristol ; Swansea; Knowle; Windsor Forest ; Twyford,

near Repton ; Northumberland and Durham district, rare; Scotland, rare, Tweed
district only.

Cc. melanostictus, Marsh. (concinnus, Gyll.; lycopi, Gyll.).
Rather elongate, black, base of antenne, tarsi, and often more or less of
tibize, reddish-testaceous or brownish yellow, underside with closely set
whitish scales, upper surface with brownish white, brownish and dark |
scales, which form a distinct variegated pattern on elytra, the suture
being whitish except at middle where it is interrupted by a longitudinal
dark patch ; thorax long, scarcely constricted in front, with the central
line and sides pale, anterior margin only slightly raised, lateral
tubercles small; elytra oblong, subquadrate, with fine punctured stria,
interstices rather flat ; femora distinctly toothed. L. 24 mm.

In damp places, especially in woods; on species of Labiate, particularly Lycopus
and Mentha; the larva has been observed at the roots of Lycopus europeus and
Mentha silvestris; local, and not common; Shirley, Woking, Surbiton, Lee, Bal-
combe, Merton, Cowley, Bearsted; Folkestone Warren; Hastings; Arundel;

Ceuthorrhynchus.| RHYNCHOPHORA. 357

New Forest ; Portsmouth district ; Glanvilles Wootton; Aylsham, Norfolk; Repton ;
- Mabberley, Cheshire.

_ ©. asperifoliarum, Gyll. (guadrimaculatus, Marsh). Black,
rather depressed above, under surface thickly clothed with white
scales, elytra with a white spot at base of suture and a white lunate
spot towards the margin on each side, situated about middle; the
apex is also furnished with white markings ; in fresh specimens there
are a considerable number of white scales, besides these patches, both
on the thorax and the elytra ; antenne long, red, with club darker;
thorax short, deeply and narrowly constricted before apex, without
lateral tubercles, but with the sides simply rounded and convex ;
elytra with narrow indistinctly punctured striz, interstices broad and
flat; tibiz and tarsi red, femora dark, strongly toothed. L. 2-2
mm,
Male with the anterior and posterior tibie armed with a small hook,
and the intermediate pair with a larger one; last ventral segment of
abdomen impressed.

Cn various species of Boraginacee ; found on Echium, Anchusa, Symphytum,
: um, Myosoiis and Cynoglossum ; locally common ; generally distributed
in the London district and the Southern counties ; Midlands, "local, Leicester, Tam-
worth, Bewdley, Birmingham district, &c. ; Cromer, Norfolk ; Mablethorpe, Lincoln-
shire ; Southport, Lancashire ; Northumberland and Durham district; not recorded
from Scotland. :

Cc. arcuatus, Herbst. (occulius, Gyll.). Closely allied to the
preceding from which it differs in having the thorax distinctly raised
angularly at sides, and in having the second interstice of each elytron
furnished with a white spot at base, which makes the white patch at
suture much more conspicuous; the teeth of the femora also are
smaller ; the underside is less thickly clothed with scales and the white
markings at the sides of the elytra are also smaller; besides these
characters the thorax is only slightly constricted before apex and the
anterior margin is less raised ; the antenne, tibie and tarsi are yellowish-
- brown. L. 2-25 mm.

On Labiate, probably Iyeopus and Mentha; very rare; Manchester (Hardy,
Taylor and Sidebotham) ; Chat Moss wane) | ; Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire, and
Southport (Chappell); received from Sherwood Forest (Gorham); Mickleham,
Surrey (Power).

G. euphorbiz, Bris. (cruz, W.C.). About the size of the two pre-
ceding species and resembling them in general appearance, but easily
distinguished by having the antenna, tibie and tarsi black ; ovate,
rather convex, black, thorax with a whitish central line, not strongly
constricted before apex, with rather obsolete lateral tubercles, closely
punctured ; elytra with a patch at scuteilum, a lunate spot on each
side, and markings at apex; white, with rather strong punctured striz ;
underside clothed with whitish scales ; femora strongly toothed. L,
2-23 mm, R

358 RHYNOHOPHORA. [ Ceuthorrhynchus.

On Veronica ; according to M. Brisout, however, it occurs on Euphorbia sylvatica,
whereas M. Bedel thinks it is attached to one of the Labiate, probably Tewerium
scorodonia; in chalky and sandy places; rare; Mickleham and Darenth (Power) ;
Mickleham, on Veronica (S. Stevens) ; Headiey Lane (Gorham); Shirley, Dartford
and Deal (Champion); Whittlesea (Blatch); Scotland, rarey Solway district, Dum-
fries (Sharp). :

Cc. chrysanthemi, Germ. Rather short ovate; black, antenne
ferruginous with club dark, tibie reddish, tarsi light, reddish or reddish-
testaceous, underside clothed with whitish scales; thorax with the
sides and a central line whitish, elytra with the base of suture and a
line on each side of the longitudinal patch white, and with various
white lines, centre of disc behind middle black with a surrounding of
whitish scales, fourth interstice with a white line ; rostrum long and
curved; thorax strongly constricted before apex, with the apical
margin raised, and with obtuse lateral tubercles, closely punctured ;
elytra with feeble punctured strie; intermediate and _ posterior
femora moderately strongly toothed, anterior femora feebly toothed.
L. 23-2 mm. :

On Chrysanthemum leucanthemum ; local but not uncommon where it occurs ;
Claygate, Caterham, Ashtead, Forest Hill, Woking, Walton-on-Thames, Lee,
Chatham, Cowfold, Maidstone, Rusper ; Riddlesdown ; Bushey (in plenty) ; Drayton ;
Dover; Hastings; Portsmouth district ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Norfolk; Gloucester ;
Knowle; Bewdley ; Knaresborough, Yorkshire,

This species has usually been regarded as synonymous with OC. cam-
pestris, but, according to Bedel, the last named species is the same as
C. variegatus, Ol. (lepidus, Gyll.), which is elosely allied to. C, chry-
santhemi, but differs in the fact that the fourth interstice of the elytra
has no special white stripe, and that the scales of the elytra are white
and cinereous, whereas in C. chrysanthemi they are white, black,
and yellowish ; it is very probable that both species are British,
but I do not feel sure whether they can be regarded as distinct.

C. triangulum, Poh. (vicinus, Kraatz.). Very like the preceding,
which it resembles in the general arrangement of the scales, hut easily
distinguished by its rather smaller size, and longer subtrapezoidal
thorax, which has the apical margin not or scarcely raised; the elytra
are subrectangular (whereas in C. chrysanthemi they are almost

rounded), and the black patch behind middle of disc is reduced to a .

comparatively narrow streak of the same width as the white longi-
tudinal patch before scutellum ; the general clothing of the upper
surface is thicker and greyer; in the male the anal ventral segment is
terminated by two tufts of white hairs. L, 2 mm.

Sandy places on the coast and also inland; on Achillea millefolium ; rare; Birch
Wood, rare (S, Stevens); Southend (Gorham); Wrabness, Mssex, and Brandon,

Suffolk (J. J, Walker); Deal (Champion and Garneys); Horsell, Bungay and
Ditchingham Suffolk, Weybridge and Folkestone (Power).

C. litura, F. Short oval, depressed on dise, dull black, with the

——

Ceuthorrhynchus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 359

tarsi slightly ferruginous ; underside thickly clothed with white scales;
thorax moderately long with the sides and front thickly clothed with light
scales, which are also present on a short band at base, lateral tubercles
strong, black, completely surrounded by the scales, margins strongly
constricted before apex ; elytra with a cruciform spot of white scales
at base of suture, and a lunate band on each side and other markings
towards apex, punctured strie rather fine, interstices rather broad,
rugose ; femora strongly toothed, claws simple rather slender, L. 3-4
mm. :

Male with all the tibie armed with a strong hook and the last
ventral segment of abdomen slightly impressed.

Female with the tibiz simple, the teeth of the femora stronger, and
the elytral markings larger. :

ia local but not uncommon and generally distributed throughout the
m.

C. trimaculatus, F. (crucifer, Ol.). Very like the preceding in
general appearance, but easily distinguished by the scutellary patch,
which is yellowish in the middle with a white patch and small spot on
each side, and by the fact that the tubercles of the thorax are not
surrounded with white scales, as well as by the light reddish testaceous
tarsi ; the antenne also are reddish, except the club ; the teeth of the
femora are strong and the tarsal claws are simple and rather slender.
L. 3-4 mm,

On thistles ; local and much less common than the preceding; Mickleham, Cater-
ham, Shirley, Purley, Headley Lane, Chatham; Dover; Folkestone ; Hastings ;
Littlehampton ; Brighton; Portland; Glanvilles Wootton; Whitsand Bay, Ply-
mouth; Swansea; Ashbourne, Derbyshire ; Scarborough; Ireland, Armagh, one
specimen (Rev. W. F. Johnson). ’

CEUTHORRHYNCHIDIUS, Duval.

This genus contains comparatively few species, seventeen only being
recorded in the Munich catalogue of 1871, all of which, with the ex-
ception of one from South Africa, are recorded from Europe ; in the
European eatalogue, however, of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, published
in 1883, twenty-four species are enumerated ; about sixteen of these
haye been recorded as British ; they are very closely allied to the species
of Ceuthorrhynchus, but are, on the average, considerably smaller,
although one or two species, e.g. C. horridus, are comparatively large :
they may be distinguished from the three preceding genera (Celiodes
Poophagus and Ceuthorrhynchus) by having the eighth joint of the
antennz included in the club and the funiculus consisting of only six
joints ; this distinction, it must be allowed, does not always appear to
be very evident as certain species have been placed in both genera by
different authors ; from Zapinotus the species may easily be known by

860 RHYNCHOPHORA.

their general shape, and from Rhytidosomus by having the elytra cut

back more angularly at the shoulders.

I, Tarsal claws simple ; femora, as a rule, not or very
obsoletely toothed.*

i. Elytra with strong rows of closely set punctures,

but without distinct engraved striw; interstices

narrow ;. upper surface shiny . . . . « « «

ii. Elytra with distinct strie: interstices_broader ;
upper surface usually rather dull.
1. Thorax finely and very closely punctured, the
punctuation being almost concealed by the
scales,
A. Thorax trapezoidal; base almost straight .
B. Thorax not trapezoidal; base bisinuate,
slightly produced towards seutellum.
a. Elytra with a row of white hairs inserted
in the stria.
a®*, Anterior margin of thorax not raised;
suture of elytra more thickly clothed
with whitish scales than dise . . . .
b*, Anterior margin of thorax raised ;
clothing of elytra evenly distributed. .
b. Elytra without white hairs inserted in the

strix.
a*, Thorax with a small but distinct
tubercle on each side ....

b*, Thorax without or with a very in-
distinct tubercle on each side.
at. Tibizo and more or less of rostrum
red; thorax not strongly transverse .
bf. Tibie in great part and rostrum
black ; thorax strongly transverse .
2. Thorax distinctly and rather coarsely punc-
tured; upper surface black with a patch of
white scales at base of thorax and at scutellum
and with the apex of elytra more or less plainly
reddish. 6. “i.e us ee a eee
II. Tarsal claws dentate beneath cr appendiculate on
their inner side; femora, as a rule, at all events
the posterior pair, plainly toothed.

i, Size large; upper surface rough and scabrous;
interstices of elytra with single rows of long stiff
upright sete; colour reddish-brown. .. .

ii. Size smaller; elytra not scabrous, bearing on
each interstice one, two or three rows of recumbent

hairs.
1. Upper surface black or pitchy black; thorax
without longitudinal grey lines.
A. Club of antenne pyriform; thorax rather
convex ; elytra convex and rounded, with the

[ Ceuthorrhynchidius.

C, postHumus Germ.
(pumilio, Gyll.).

C. nrarinus, Marsh.

C. MELANARIUS, Steph.

C. HEPATIOUS, Gyll.

C. FLORALIS, Payk.

C. PYRRHORHYNOUS, Marsh.

C. PULVINATUS, Gyll,

C. rERMINATUS, Herbst.

C. norkipus, Panz.

* In the case of C. terminatus some specimens have the posterior femora plainly

toothed, whereas in others the teeth are obsolete or absent ; I am not sure whether

this difference is sexual or not.

wat
eS eee

ip CO ied

Ceuthorrhynchidius. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 361

shoulders not marked; (species extremely
closely resembling Ceuthorehynchus viii

tiger . C, pistrxctus, Bris.
_ B. per of antenne fasiform : ; thorax ‘some-

what depressed, short ; elytra rather de-

‘pressed, quadrangular, with the shoulders
well marked.

a. Elytra with a distinct white patch at scu-

tellum ; thorax with a feeble tubercle at

each side. . . + +» « + + + « « . C€. Quercicona, Payk.
(versicolor, Bris.)
(V. Crotchi, Bris.)

b. Elytra without or with an indistinct light
patch at scutellum ; thorax without tuber-
Gaistdieein daa ic.) o.)<. - s) Co weetus, Male.

(nigroterminatus, Woll.)
2. Upper surface reddish-brown ; thorax with
three more or less distinct longitudinal grey
lines,

A. Rostrum unicolorous, pitchy or dark fer-

+ Heron wit without a white Soe) between
eam a a tee C. TROoGLODYTEs, F.
eyes. —
a*, Size larger ; thorax longer ; scutellum
with a white ‘patch oneach side . . . C. CHEvRoLATI, Bris.

(minimus, Walton ?)
b*. Size smaller ; thorax shorter ; scutellum
without a white patch on each side. . C. RuFULUS, Dufour.

Cc. floralis, Payk. Short a, itiewately convex, black, with
cinereous pubescence, upper side clothed with greyish scales, which are
lighter at suture, underside thickly clothed with whitish scales ; rostrum
long and slender; thorax a little broader than long, rather strongly con-
stricted before apex, with an interrupted central furrow and a small
tubercle on each side, closely: punctured, hase bisinuate, anterior margin
raised; elytra with deep punctured striez, interstices somewhat convex,
scarcely muricate at apex. L. 1}-2 mm

Male with the posterior tibia armed with a hook and the last segment
with a broad fovea, more deeply impressed at apex; antenne inserted
in middle of rostrum.

Female with the tibie simple and the last segment with an obsolete
fovea; antennz inserted a little behind the middle of rostrum.

On various species of Crucifere (Capsella, Erysimum, &c.); common and gene-
rally distributed throughout England and Scotland, and probably Ireland.

C. hepaticus, Gyll. Closely allied to the preceding, but on the
average larger, and more convex, with no sutural lighter streak, shorter
limbs and lighter coloured tarsi ; the elytra are furnished with a row of
white hairs inserted in the strie ; according to Schoénherr the tibie

362 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Ceuthorrhynchidius.

should be light testaceous, and the elytra fuscous or liver-coloured, dull,
with scattered shining cinereous scales; the striae of the elytra are
narrow and the interstices flat. L. 1j-2 mm.

On Brassica cheiranthus and other Crucifers ; occasionally in moss ; rare; Faver-
sham (Walker) ; Chatham (Walker and Champion) ; Eastry and Wingham, Kent
(Gorham) ; Littlington (Cambridge), Ditchingham (Norfolk), and Hurstpierpoint
(Power) ; Dorking (S. Stevens); Seaford (Waterhouse); near Repton (Garneys).

Cc. pyrrhorhynchus, Marsh (erythrorhynchus, Gyll.; cochlearie,
Thoms. nec Gyll.). Closely allied to C. floralis, but rather broader,
on the average larger, and usually of a more fuscous colour; it may be
known by having the rostrum red, black at base, and the anterior margin
of the thorax and the tibie reddish ; the red colour is lighter in some
specimens than in others; the thorax is shorter, feebly transverse, and
more strongly and somewhat rugosely punetured, with the constriction
before apex stronger and the sides behind the constriction more convex
and rounded ; the scales on the interstices of the elytra are rather
broader, and the external tuft at the apex of the tibia is more con-
spicuous ; the last joint of the tarsi also is darker. L. 12-2 mm.

Male with the posterior tibie armed with a large straight hook, the
last ventral segment impressed and the antenne inserted in the middle
of the rostrum; in the female they are inserted a little behind the
middle.

On Sisymbrium officinale ; locally common ; generally distributed in the London
district.and the South-Eastern and Southern counties; Swansea; Bewdley ; Repton ;
Norfolk ; Manchester district, general; Northumberland and Durham district, not
common ; Scotland, very rare, Solway district. i

C. pulvinatus, Gyll. This species is considered by Thomson
(Skand. Col. viii. 256), whose views, as Mr, Rye remarks, are usually
the reverse of synthetical, to be merely a variety of the preceding which
has the upper surface more thickly clothed with seales ; M. Bedel, how-
ever, separates it as a species on the ground that the thorax is more
strongly transverse, the general form is broad oval instead of oblong
oval, and the anterior margin of the thorax, the rostrum, and the greater
part of the tibie are black. L. 13-2 mm.

Very rare; the food plant apparently is not known but.it is probably one of the

Crucifere ; Hastings, August, 1867 (Power, confirmed by Brisout); Evesham and

Hunstanton, Norfolk (Blatch).

C. nigrinus, Marsh. (depressicollis, Gyll.). This species may be
distinguished from its close ally, C. floralis, by having the thorax less
strongly constricted at apex and the base almost straight; the scales of
the upper surface are more scanty and are very seldom thicker at the
suture of elytra; this latter character will distinguish it from
C. melanarius, which is on the average a smaller insect ; the descriptions
of some of these allied species, however, as given by different authors,
are very contradictory, and this small group is one of the most difficult

Ceuthorrhynchidius.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 363

among the Curculionide to determine from descriptions merely,
although when placed side by side the differences are much more obvious.
L. 1}-2 mm.

By sweeping herbage ; especially in chalky places; probably on Crucifere ; local,
but not uncommon where it occurs; Shirley, Croydon, Riddlesdown, Mickleham,
Darenth, Chatham, Dartford, Faversham, Maidstone, Cowley, Dorking, Claygate,
Crohamburst, Tottenham, é&c.; Littlington, Cambridge ; Brighton; Exmouth; Rep-
ton (W. Garneys) ; Northumberland district, rare, Wooler Haugh.

©. melanarius, Steph. (% convevicollis, Boh., 2 glaucus, Boh.).
Black, upper surface rather scantily clothed with whitish scales, under-
side thickly clothed with compact scales ; on the upper side the scales
' are thicker at sides and at suture, where they generally form a strong
or distinct band, which is nearly always absent in C. nigrinus and less
marked in C. floralis ; from the latter species it may further be known
by having a row of white hairs inserted in the strie of the elytra, and
the anterior margin of the thorax less raised ; the shape also of the
elytra is less round and the shoulders are more marked; from
C. nigrinus it may easily be separated by having the base of the thorax
plainly bisinuate and produced into a point before scutellum. L. 13-
1} mm.

In marshy places, ditches, &c.; on Nasturtium officinale; local, but not uncom-
mon where it occurs; Weybridge, Horsell, Cowley, Lee, Staple (Kent) ; Cromer;
Ditchingham; Wrexhant; Arundel; Lymington; Portsmouth district; Bewdley ;
Salford Priors; Evesham; Tewkesbury; Repton; Manchester district, general ;
Northumberland and Durbam ‘district ; the only record is “ Durham,” Ormsby’s
Durham, and it has not been recorded from Scotland.

GC. posthumus, Germ. (pumilio, Gyll.; ¢ asperulus, Boh. ; Poweri,
Rye). A pretty and very distinct little species; short, ovate, pitchy-
brown or reddish-brown, shining, with the head and thorax except the
anterior margin of the latter darker ; the colour, however, is somewhat
variable ; rostrum reddish-brown, somewhat pitchy at apex ; antenne
fuscous, with the club darker, globose-ovate; legs reddish-yellow,
femora sometimes darker; upperside with rather scanty greyish scales,
underside rather thickly set with scales ; rostrum long, thin, and curved,
very finely striate, shining ; thorax short, transverse, strongly constricted
before apex, bisinuate at base, closely punctured, with an obsolete
tubercle on each side ; elytra short and broad, almost round, with rows
of strong crenate punctures, and narrow interstices, which are fur-
nished with double rows of white sete, sides and apex slightly muricate.
L. ?-1} mm.

Sandy places; 6n Teesdalia nudicaulis; rare; Weybridge, Frensham, near Farn-
ham, and Boundstone, Surrey (Power) ; Silverdale, near Lancaster (Sidebotham) ; the
species is found in April and May; Dr. Power’s are dated May 2nd, 1869, and April
10th to 16th, 1873.

C. terminatas, Herbst. (apicalis, Gyll.). Black, moderately shiny,
with very scanty and scareely apparent greyish pubescence; underside

364 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Ceuthorrhynchidius.

very thickly clothed with white scales, upper surface with a large patch
of white scales at base of -suture and a few at apex of elytra, which is
more or less distinctly reddish; rostrum long thin and curved, very
finely striate, shining ; thorax transverse, coarsely and closely punctured,
strongly constricted before apex, bisinuate at base, with a more or less
distinct central furrow, and a small, sometimes obsolete, tubercle on each
side, anterior margin raised in middle ; elytra with deep, crenate, stria,
interstices flat, moderately broad, plainly rugose ; femora black, tibie
dark, in part reddish, tarsi red. L, 2-23 mm,

On Daucus maritimus ; local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Caterham,
Mickleham, Reigate, Dorking, Forest Hill, Parley Oaks, Claygate, Cowley, Chatham,
Whitstable; Kingsgate; Hythe; Folkestone; Hastings; Amberley; Worthing ;
Portsmouth district ; Isle of Wight, Ventnor and Sandown, on the sides of the cliffs
on Daucus ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Brandon, Suffolk ; Repton (W. Garneys) ; Northum-
let and Durham district, rare; Scotland, very rare, Tweed district ; Ireland,

allina. :

C. horridus, F, (spinosus, Goeze). A large and conspicuous species ;
pitchy-red, or ferruginous with the elytra, antenne and legs lighter,
underside with comparatively scanty greyish scales; forehead depressed,
with rather thick greyish seales, rostrum rather long, striate ; thorax
spinose, notched at sides in front, very rough, coarsely and closely
punctured, constricted narrowly before apex, with an obsolete central
furrow, sides raised and rounded ; elytra broader than thorax, with
rather deep striz, interstices raised and bearing single rows of strong
black and white sete, with hairs intermixed ; legs moderately long,
intermediate and posterior femora rather strongly toothed. L. 33-
5 mm.

On thistles (Onopordon, Carduus, Cirsiwm, &c.); very local, but not uncommon
where it occurs; Mickleham, Caterham, Shirley, Headley Lane (Esher), Chatham,
Sheerness, Whitstable ; Dover; Folkestone; Thorness Bay, Isle of Wight; Port-
land; Kingsbridge, Devon; Whitsand Bay, Plymouth; Bristol; Norfolk; Clee-
thorpes, Lincolnshire ; Northumberland and Durham district, very rare, Westoe.

C. distinctus, Bris. I have hitherto regarded this species as merely
a variety of CO. marginatus, and Dr. Sharp has included it under the
latter species in the second edition of his catalogue ; the sole point in
which it appears to differ from C. marginatus is - the sub-generic

character that the funiculus of the antenne is six-jointed, and Mr. Rye.

(Ent, Annual, p. 50) mentions the fact that he had captured a specimen
with six joints to one funiculus and seven to the other, which forms a
sort of “ reductio ad absurdum ” of the whole question ; I have followed
Bedel in retaining the species in its present position ; this author regards
it as “¢ facile A confondre avec le C. punctiger dont elle a tout le faciés ;”
I must say that even after seeing M. Bedel’s work, I still feel that the
question of this difficult little group (C. marginatus and its allies) is far
from being satisfactorily settled. L. 2-3 mm.

Tho species has been taken at Horsell and Weybridge by Dr. Power and also by

EEE 1) oe a

ee ae ee

Ceuthorrhynchidius. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 365

Mr. Rye in company with C. marginatus at Dover; Mr. Rye was strongly of opinion
that they are nothing buta variety of C. marginatus (v. Ent. Monthly Mag. VI.
229).

GC. quercicola, Payk. (versicolor, Bris. ; uniguttatus, Marsh.). A
small and rather conspicuous species; black, upper surface depressed,
underside thickly clothed with whitish scales, upper surface with
variegated grey and dark scales, the latter sometimes having a slight _
violet reflection; at the base of the suture of the elytra there is a eon-
spicuous oblong white patch, situated on the two sutural interstices ;
thorax not strongly constricted before apex, with the disc depressed,
plainly channelled at base, closely punctured, with lateral tubercles,
basal margin almost straight; elytra with rather fine punctured sirie,
interstices moderately broad, apex slightly muricate, legs black. LL.
13-2 mm. ;

By sweeping her 3 occasionally found in moss; locally rather common, b
iioueay never ee Mickleham, Darenth, Hagaaae, Cobham, Belvedere,
Chatham, Faversham,-Cowley, Crohamhurst, Bearsted ; Brighton ; Exeter (on horse

radi ir rare Seber pred BA Foremark, near Repton; Old Trafford, Manchester,
rare; Northumberland Durham district, rare, Heaton and Little Benton; Holy
Island ; Scotland, rare, Forth district ; Balmuto, Fifeshire (Power).

The var. Crotchi (C. Crotchi, Bris.) differs from the type form by
its more depressed thorax, of which the anterior margin is less reflexed,
and by its testaceous tarsi, of which the claws are smaller. I do not
know of any localities for this variety, which was described by M. Ch.
Brisout from England only.

©. mixtus, Muls. (nigroterminatus, Woll.). Short and broad,
black, scantily covered on the upper surface with white scales, which
are thicker on an obscure patch at scutellum ; the hinder margin also
of the elytra is more or less densely clothed with white scales ; occa-
sionally the scutellary patch is very obsolete or absent ; thorax without,
or with very obsolete, lateral tubercles, anterior margin raised; elytra
short, subquadrate and narrowed behind, interstices rugose ; antennz
dark ; legs black, tarsi yellow red, last joint black at apex, femora
toothed ; the species may be known by its short form and abbreviated
elytra; C. miztus is characterized by M. Bedel as having no special
raised tubercle at’ sides, and no spot at scutellum, and he allows
that the identity of this species with Wollaston’s nigro-terminatus
needs confirmation ; they appear, however, to belong to one species.
L. 2-2} mm.

Very rare; Gainsborough (one specimen, Crotch); one specimen in Dr. Power’s
collection, without locality, labelled “‘ miztus, Muls.’’; the species seems to require
some further confirmation as British,

C. troglodytes, F. (spiniger, Herbst.). Lighter or darker reddish
brown, rather shining, moderately convex, underside comparatively
scantily clothed with greyish scales, thorax with three more or less

366 RHYNOHOPHORA. [Ceuthorrhynchidius.

distinct lines of grey scales, elytra with blackish suture, and with rows of
upright sete on the interstices ; head without white spot, rostrum long,
ferruginous, antenne red ; thorax long, closelyand rather deeply punctured,
without lateral tubercles, not strongly constricted before apex, posterior
margin slightly sinuate, nearly straight ; elytra subquadrate, narrowed
behind, with rather strong punctured striz which are nearly as broad as
the interstices, interstices slightly convex, apex with distinct tufts of
yellowish-white bristles ; legs red, femora toothed. L. 2-24 mm. |
Male with the anterior tibise armed with a small tooth and the
posterior with a larger one; last ventral segment slightly depressed.

On Plantago lanceolata, and other species of Plantain ; common and generally
distributed throughout the kingdom.

C. Chevrolati, Bris. (minimus, Walton’). This species has been
by many authors considered a variety of the preceding; it may be at
once known by the variegated colouring of the upper side, which is
covered with a thickly set pattern of white scales, the central and side
lines of thorax, a patch on each side of the scutellum and certain
markings behind the middle of the elytra being most conspicuous ; the
head between eyes is thickly covered with seales ; the thorax is furnished
with obsolete, but visible, lateral tubercles and the. elytra are rather
broader in proportion to the thorax; these characters, however, are
somewhat variable, and it must be confessed, that, apart from the
clothing of scales, the species is extremely closely allied to C. troglodytes.
L. 2 mm.

On Achillea millefoliwm; very local; Lee, Weybridge, Cowley, Claygate,
Boundstone, Brentford, Chatham, Birch Wood, Forest Hill; Dover; Hythe.

C. rufulus, Dufour (/rontalis, Bris.). Short and broad, convex,
with the elytra subquadrate ; reddish brown or fuscous with the elytra
red brown, upper side scantily, underside rather thickly, clothed with
greyish scales, suture of elytra darker; forehead and three longitudinal
lines on thorax covered with grey scales ; rostrum rather long; thorax
about as long as its breadth at base, closely punctured, gradually and
not strongly constricted in front, posterior margin almost straight,
lateral tubercles small but distinct; elytra with rather strong punc-

tured striz, interstices convex, with rows of recumbent hairs ; legs red.

L. 13 mm.

On Artemisia maritima and Plantago lanceolata; also found at the roots of
Reseda, Plantago, &c.; very local, and, as a rule, rare,but not uncommon in some
places where it occurs; Sheerness, Whitstable and Chatham (Champion); Rye
(Butler); Kingsgate (TI. Wood); South Coast (S. Stevens); Portland Island;
Seaford, Sussex, and Sheerness, on Artemisia (Power).

C. Dawsoni, Bris. One of the smallest species of the British Ceu-
thorrhynchina ; short and broad, ovate, reddish-brown or brownish-red
with the antenne and legs red yellow; rostrum long, clear red with the
apex black; the suture of the elytra also is dark ; underside closely,

ee ee ee ee

Ceuthorrhynchidius.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 367

upper side scantily, clothed with greyish scales; thorax long, scarcely
constricted at all in front, closely punctured, with lateral tubercles
obsolete or absent, anterior margin scarcely raised, basal margin almost
straight; the three longitudinal lines of scales are often very obsolete or
almost absent ; elytra short, almost round, with comparatively strong
strie and somewhat convex interstices, which are rather roughened
behind and are furnished with rows of very short recumbent hairs ; legs
rather long. L, 1-1; mm. ;

On Plantago coronopus, Buckthorn Plantain, and perhaps also on Plantago mari-
tima ; very local, but abundant where it occurs; I have found more than thirty
specimens on one plant of the former species on the cliffs near Ventnor, Isle of
mee at the end of April or beginning of May; Strood; Dover; Folkestone; Seas
ford, Sussex ; Southsea; Portsmouth district ; Isle of Wight, Ventnor and Sandown ;
Whitsand Bay, Plymouth, abundant (J. J. Walker) ; Scotland, rare, Solway district
(Sharp); when disturbed the insect folds its limbs, falls, and remains motionless and
may very easily be passed over; I used to consider it a great rarity in the Isle of
Wight, although collecting in the place in which it was most abundant, until I dis-
covered its habits; itis probably much more widely distributed than is at present
known, if we may judge from the Scotch record.

TAPINOTUS, Schinherr.

This genus contains a single species which is extremely rare in
Britain; it may be known by its oblong and rather depressed body
taken in conjunction with the six-jointed funiculus of the antenne and
the fact that the elytra are strongly cut back angularly at shoulders; the
antenne are inserted a little before the middle of the rostrum which is
rather stout; the thorax is even, subcylindrical, scarcely constricted
before apex, and bisinuate at base; the legs are rather long with the
femora obsoletely toothed and the claws of the tarsi bifid ; the elytra
are not roughened at apex; the insect occurs very rarely on Lysimachia
in maishy places and the larva feeds at the base of the stem or in the
root of the plant.

T. sellatus, F. (/ysimachie, Ol.). Oblong, black, clothed on both
the upper and under sides with white scales, with two broad dark
streaks on thorax and a common black transverse fascia on elytra
abbreviated at sides ; antenne, tibie and tarsi ferruginous ; head with
the vertex carinate behind depressed between eyes; rostrum stout,
clothed with scales and punctured, shining at apex ; thorax half as
broad at base as elytra, subcylindrical, a little shorter than broad,
scarcely constricted at apex, with the sides almost straight; elytra
with sides parallel and humeral tubercles marked, depressed on disc,
rather finely punctate-striate, excised at shoulders ; legs rather long,
prosternum deeply excised at apex. L. 4mm.

Male with the intermediate tibie armed with a small hook and the
last ventral segment impressed at apex.

On Lysimachia vulgaris ; extremely rare ; in Power’s and Wollaston’s collections ;

368 RHYNCHOPHORA, [Tapinotus.

Dr. Power’s specimen was taken by the Rev. Laundy Brown at Horning Fen, Norfolk,
in 1838; it appears to be spread over Central and Northern Europe and Siberia.

RHYTIDOSOMUS, Schonherr.

Three species are known as belonging to this sub-genus, one from

Greenland and two from Europe; the single British species is a small -

round convex black insect, which may be known from all the other
sub-genera of Ceuthorrhynchus, except Poophagus, by not having the
elytra so strongly and more roundly cut back at shoulders ;* from the
last named sub-genus it may easily be separated by its shape as well
as by the six-jointed funiculus of the antenne ; the rostrum is stout
and is received in arather shallow fovea on the mesosternum ; the tibize
are broad and the tarsal claws are armed with a tooth; the prosternum
is enlarged behind the anterior femora, and the interstices of the elytra
are narrow and subcostiform.

R. globulus, Herbst. Short and broad, convex, subglobose, black,
rather shining, with the underside .and, as a rule, the basal portion of
suture, thickly clothed with white scales; rostrum stout; antennew
black, pitchy or pitchy red at base ; thorax comparatively long, coarsely
punctured, constricted before apex, with a broad central furrow at base ;
elytra with very broad and strong coarsely punctured striz, interstices
much narrower than the striz, convex, somewhat asperate behind ; legs
black, rather stout. L. 1-1} mm.

Male with all the tibia armed with rather a large hook ; abdomen
with the first and second segments broadly impressed.

On sallows ; according to M. Bedel it is found on the shoots of Populus tremula
and P. alba; rare; Coombe Wood, Surrey (Stephens); Hampstead (Power) ; Hamp-
stead and Wimbledon Common (S. Stevens); New Forest (Power); Langworth

Wood, Lincoln, where I captured a pair by general sweeping on September 26th,
1881; Northumberland district, Wallington (Power).

AMALUS, Schonherr.

This genus forms a sort of transition between Ceuthorrhynchus and
its allies and the Rhinoneuws group; it resembles the former in the
greater length of the rostrum, but differs in the formation of the

prosternum, which is reduced to a narrow border before the anterior.

coxe and is not incised at throat; the anterior coxe are almost con-
tiguous and the rostrum is not received in a groove ; the antenne are
ten-jointed ; the thorax is not constricted at apex and has neither
tubercles at sides nor a central channel ; the femora are simple and the
tarsal claws are armed with a sharp tooth ; both the described species
are found in Europe, and one occurs locally in Britain.

* This character is not so obvious in this species as in Poophagus and is, perhaps,

rather misleading ; the emargination, however, is blunter, and the sides of elytra
near it more rounded than in Ceuthorrhynchus.

EE ee)

Amalus.} RHYNOCHOPHORA, 369

_4. hemorrhous, Herbst. (scortillum, Herbst.). Short convex,
pitchy. black, upper side subglabrous, slightly shining, underside
thickly clothed with white scales; upper surface of thorax and elytra
strewn with very small greyish scales which are thick at base of
suture and form a spot; base of antennz and legs red; rostrum long ;
thorax long, scarcely transverse, gradually constricted before apex,
closely punctured, with the sides rounded and without lateral tubercles
or central furrow ; elytra subglobose, broadly reddish at apex, with -
strong punctured striz and narrow convex interstices, which are not
muricate at apex ; legs moderately long: L,14 mm.

‘Male with the intermediate tibiz armed with a small hook.

By sweeping herbage ; often found in moss and haystack refuse; local ; London
_ district, Kent and Surrey, and South East Coast, generally distributed; Ipswich ;
Lowestoft ; Ashwicken, Norfolk ; Amberley, Arundel; Brighton; Shirley Warren,
Southampton; Southsea; Bewdley; Salford Priors; Kidderminster; Cleethorpes,
Lincolnshire; Mabberley, Cheshire; Northumberland district, rare, Wallington ;
Scotland, rare, Solway and Forth district ; Ireland, rare, Dublin and Armagh.

RHINONCUS, Stephens.

“About a dozen species are known as belonging to this genus, which
appear to be somewhat widely distributed as single specimens have been
recorded from India and the Cape of Good Hope ; they are short, thick-
set insects with the rostrum stout, the eyes large and round and strongly
prominent, the thorax not strongly constricted before apex, the femora
simple, the prosternum not excised at apex, and the anterior coxe distant ;
the tarsal claws are appendiculate on their innerside; the species are chiefly
found on Rumez ; the larve live on the stems of the plants and devour
the centre and fleshy portions ; as a rule they appear to form a cocoon in
which they undergo their final transformations; as observed above, some
of the species have the power of leaping sideways, notably R. perpen-
dicularis (subjfasciatus) ; this power is not strongly developed, and, as far
as my own observation has gone, the insect does not appear to make much
use of it; it appears to be a protective property in course of develop-
ment and is rather strange as being opposed diametrically to the usual
protective habit of the Ceuthorrhynchina which is to shut the legs and
rostrum beneath the body and remain quite motionless.

- All the European species, with the exception of R. albocinetus, Gyll.,
-are found in Britain; they may be separated as follows:—
ieee of thorax without tubercles in

i. Interstices of : but without distinct

or
1, Form short and broad ;-size larger; elytra not,
or only chehtly, longer than together broad.
- th *

A. Sides without a distinct tubercle;
strie of elytra nearly as broad as the inter-
ations! She PSE PURE Ss gS OS te R. Pertcarricvs, LZ,

VOL. V. Bb

370 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Rhinoncus.

B. Sides of thorax with a pointed tubercle;
strie of elytra much less broad than inter-
Stices’ ofc Gh wo: ojo rea en pe ee Sie
(tnconspectus, auct.)
2. Form longer, narrower, and more oblong; size
smaller; elytra evidently longer than together ;
broad...) «| 46. to «0: <p Sl w trees | epuie oo 0) 0s. PRRBENDICUDARIS, hatches
(subfasciatus, Gyll.)
ii, Interstices of elytra, at least in part, furnished 4
with distinct tubercles or asperities.
1. Elytra with a very distinct white patch at
scutellum, —. <i> Sols. Je op ee wieectera es ace ek ee
2. Elytra without or with a very indistinct white
patch at scutellum Me Pomrehn rahe ere
II. Anterior margin of thorax with two raised tubercles
in middle placed near one another . . . . . . BR. DENTICOLLIS, Gyll.

R. BRUCHOIDES, Herbst.

R. pericarpius, L. (gramineus, F. (auct. nee vere) inconspectus
Herbst. nec auct.). Short oval, broad, convex, black, underside thickly
clothed with yellowish-white scales ; upper surface with fine grey hairs,

sides of elytra and a patch at base of suture covered with whitish scales ;

antenne and-legs pitchy-red or ferruginous; thorax transverse, deeply
punctured, with the apical margin depressed, gradually constricted before
apex, with very obsolete lateral tubercles ; elytra with strong punctured
striae, interstices flat, finely granulated ; legs stout. L. 25-33 mm.

Male with the posterior tibiae armed with a hook and the last ventral
segment of abdomen with a small almost glabrous fovea at apex.

On species of Polygonum, especially P. amphibium var. terrestre, also on Rwmex
obtusifolius and, according to Stephens, on thistles ; common and generally distri-

buted throughout the kingdom. There is a small variety in Dr. Power’s collection
taken by him at Balmuto, Fifeshire.

R. gramineus, F. (inconspectus, auct. nec Herbst.). Of about the
same size as the preceding, or, on an average, a little larger, with the
under surface thickly clothed with ashy scales and the upper surface
thickly chequered with greyish and yellowish-grey scales which are
thicker on suture and form a patch towards base; the species may easily
be known from A. pericarpius by the duller and greyer appearance of
the upper surface and especially by its longer thorax which has a dis-
tinct tubercle on each side and the central channel evident, at all events
behind ; the apical margin, also, is slightly elevated and produced; the
antenne and legs are reddish or ferruginous, L. 3-4 mm.

Marshy places; on Polygonwm amphibiwm ; also in flood refuse, moss, &c.; very
local and, as a rule, rare; Weybridge, Walton-on-Thames, Darenth, Merton, Egham,
Forest Hill, Staines, Sunbury, West Wickham, Kingsbury ; Norfolk; Deal; Sand-
gate, near Folkestone ; Amberley; Faygate, Sussex ; Portsmouth district ; Exeter
district ; Weston-super-Mare ; Tewkesbury ; Coleshill, near Birmingham; Wicken
Fen; Lincoln (one specimen in flood refuse) ; Northumberland and Durham district,
very rare, South Shields; Scotland, very rare, Solway district.

R. perpendicularis, Reich. (subfasciatus, Gyll.; guttalis, Grav.).

7 Cg i ee i ei a

Rhinoneus.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 371

Much smaller than either of the two preceding species, oblong-oval,

moderately convex, black, with the sides of the thorax and the under-

side clothed with white scales, which are also scattered more or less

thickly over the upper surface and form a patch at scutellum; base of

antenne, tibiz and tarsi, and sometimes femora, ferruginous or pitchy

yellowish brown ; thorax subeylindrical, about as long as broad, with

sides rounded in middle and narrowed in front and behind, deeply and

coarsely punctured, without central channel or lateral tubercles ; elytra-
evidently longer than together broad, with deep punctured striz, inter- -
stices narrow, somewhat rugose ; in quite fresh specimens there are
distinct oblique bands of scales on the elytra and sometimes the suture
behind middle is thickly clothed with white seales. L. 2-23 mm.

In damp places ; on species of Polygonum ; somewhat local, but rather common
and generally distributed from the Midlands southwards; rarer further north ; it is
recorded from the Northumberland and Durham district but has not hitherto been
found in Scotland; Ireland, Galway, common (J. J. Walker) and Armagh,

B. castor, F. (granulipennis, Gyll.). Short oval, moderately convex,
black or pitchy black, underside thickly clothed with whitish scales,
sides of thorax and central line with more or less distinct greyish or
greyish-yellow scales, elytra with the interstices more or less thickly
speckled with the same scales which are thicker and form a conspicuous
oblong patch at the base of suture ; antenne reddish testaceous, with
club darker, legs reddish testaceous with the extreme apex of tibiz and
apex of tarsi dark ; thorax slightly transverse, obsoletely channelled,
with a blunt tubercle on each side, strongly and closely punctured ;
elytra much broader than thorax, with the shoulders well marked, and
with punctured striz, interstices moderately broad, tuberculate. L.
2-23 mm.

In sand ; i ; perhaps, ing to M. Bedel, on Poly-
Seach ate ge es once a bam ee in moss ; by no at
uncommon, brt somewhat local in its distribution; London district, Kent, Surrey,
and the South-Eastern counties, generally distributed and common ; also widely dis-
tributed along the South coast; Devon, rare; Bristol; Swansea; Barmouth;
Norfolk ; Suffolk ; Midland districts, very local, Repton, Matlock, &c.; Scarborough ;
Liverpool; Manchester district, general; Northumberland and Durham district,
rare, Gibside, near Gilsland, and Hetton Hall, near Belford; Scotland, common,
Solway, Tweed, Clyde, Forth, Tay,- Moray and probably other districts; Ireland,
Dublin and Belfast, and probably general.

BR. bruchoides, Herbst. (asperatus, Gyll.). Rather smaller, on an
average, than the preceding, which it resembles in having the interstices
of the elytra tuberculate or asperate ; it may however be easily known
by its darker, more pitchy, colour and by having no distinct greyish
patch at the base of suture; short, convex, thickly clothed with whitish
scales beneath, upper surface with scanty cinereous scales which, in
quite fresh specimens, sometimes form three whitish lines on thorax ;
antenne and legs ferruginous; thorax broader than long, not strongly

Bb2

372 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Rhinoncus,

constricted in front, with a central channel and a lateral tubercle on
each side, anterior margin scarcely raised ; elytra with evidently deeper
and stronger strie and more convex interstices than in &. castor, with
the asperities more remote. L. 2-25 mm.

Male with the posterior tibiee armed with a hook. |

Marshy places; bv sweeping herbage; also in flood refuse; according to Bedel
it is attached to species of Polugonum ; the larva has been observed by Buddeberg
in the stems of P. lapathifolium vars. nodosum and incanum; not common;
Wimbledon (Champion) ; Horsell (Power) ; Ashwicken, Norfolk (Power) ; London
district and Bristol (Stephens) ; I have found a few specimens at Lincoln in flood
refuse in autumn, but know of no record further north.

R. denticollis, Gyll. A small and inconspicuous species which
may be known from all the preceding by the fact that the anterior
margin of the thorax is furnished with two raised tubercles in middle
placed near one another; oblong ovate, convex, black, antennz and legs
more or less ferruginous, the tibize being always reddish ; underside
thickly covered with greyish scales, of which there is also a patch at the
base of suture of elytra; the rest of the upper surface in fresh specimens
is sprinkled with whitish scales, but they are very easily rubbed off as
appears also to be the case with the scutellary patch ; thorax compara-
tively long, very coarsely punctured, scarcely at all constricted in front
and with a central channel and a rather strong lateral tubercle on each
side behind ; elytra with rather deep punctured striz, interstices rather
convex, finely rugose or scratched ; legs moderately long. L. 13-2 mm.

Chalky and sandy places by sweeping herbage; sometimes found in moss; rare ;
Loadon district, rather widely distributed but always rare, Shirley, Mickleham,
Forest Hiil, Box Hill, Chattenden, Walton-on-Thames, Chatham ; Hythe; Holm
Bush, Brighton; New Forest ; Windsor Forest, rare (8. Stevens).

This species is most closely allied to Phytobius quadrinodosus from
which, according to M. Bedel, it can only be distinguished by the
generic characters ; my single specimen, however, is very different in
appearance, having the sides of the thorax much straighter, with the
surface more coarsely and less closely punctured, and the elytra much
narrower in proportion to the thorax, with the shoulders rounded and
not prominent and the interstices much less asperate ; the striz also are
deeper and more strongly punctured.

EUVBRYCHIUS, Thomson.

The single species which forms this genus occurs both in Europe and
North America, and is distinguished from the two following, which
resemble it in their aquatic or subaquatic habits, by having the tibie
and tarsi furnished sparingly with long natatory cilia; the tarsi are
elongate, with the three first joints compressed and not tomentose
beneath, and the last very long; the tarsal claws are simple and stout;
the anterior coxe are almost contiguous; the antenne are ten-jointed,

-Eubrychius.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 373

‘with the club elongate, and are inserted in the middle of the rostrum ;
the thorax is obsoletely channelled and furnished with four tubercles ;
this insect and Litodactylus leucogaster in both the larval and perfect
state appear to live almost entirely under water; they resemble the
species of Phytobius in constructing cocoons in which to undergo their
final transformations, but differ from them in the fact that they form
their cocoons on their food plant under the surface of the water, whereas
the species of Phytobius construct them above the surface ; the follow- -
ing note on the habits of the species was published by myself in the
Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, xxii. p. 186 :—“ At the November
meeting of the Entomological Society, Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited
some living specimens of Hubrychius velatus, Beck., in order to show
that they swim with their hind legs after the fashion of a Dytiscide,

or a frog; these specimens he kindly gave me after the meeting, and I
kept them alive for some time ; they were not only able to swim on
the surface but could dive beneath it, and although their natural
buoyancy appears’to force them upwards yet they are able to dive quite
far enough to seize the aquatic plants, to which they cling, in case they
do not project above the surface ; if they do, they prefer to seize them
near the surface and crawl down them ; a short while afterwards Mr.
J. J. Walker sent me two living Litodactylus leucogaster ; these swim
in exactly the same way as £. velatus, except that their buoyancy
seems to be somewhat greater, and their power of diving below the sur-
face somewhat less in consequence. These sub-aquatic Curculionide
seem to be able to sustain life under water as well as, if not better
‘than, the Dytiscidz. AsI was going from place to place at the time
Mr. Waterhouse gave me his specimens, they were often corked up ina
small tube of water for many hours together, but did not seem to be
any the worse.”

=H. velatus, Beck. (aquaticus, Thoms.). Short, convex, black,
thickly clothed both on the upper and underside with greenish yellow
scales, which become much duller after death; the head, sides and
- central line of thorax, and sides and suture of elytra are more closely
covered than the rest of the upper surface, which is darker, and except
in quite fresh specimens, more or less denuded ; antenna and legs clear
yellow, except the extreme apex of the former, and the knees and apex
of part of the tarsal joints and of the claws, which are black ; thorax
broader than long, narrowed in front, but not constricted, very closely
punctured, obsoletely channelled, with two small tubercles on anterior
margin, and a larger one on each side before base; elytra short and
broad, much broader than thorax, with the shoulders rounded but
prominent and well marked, strie deep, interstices broad, the fifth
somewhat raised at base ; legs long. L. 2-23 mm.

In stagnant or slowly moving water;- on aquatic or sub-aquatic plants,
especially Potamogeton, Hippuris and Myriophyllum ; the larva has been observed

374 RHYNOHOPHORA. [ELubrychius.

by M. Ferris forming a cocoon on M. spicatum; very local, and not common;
London district rare, Woking, &c.; Aylsham, Norfolk; Wicken Fen; Swaffham ;
Whitstable ; Birchington ; Pegwell Bay ; Deal; Rye; Arundel; Old Trent, Repton ;
Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire ; Wallasey, Cheshire (one specimen) ; Newcastle ; Rothley
Lakes, Northumberland.

LITODACTYLUS, Redtenbacher.

Two species belong to this genus, one from Europe and one from
Ceylon; they differ from Hubrychius, which they very closely resemble
in habits, in the fact that the tibie and tarsi are not furnished with
cilia, and from Phytobius by having the antennz inserted in the middle
of the rostrum, and the legs longer and more slender with the last tarsal
joint elongate ; the claws are long and simple; the club of the. antenne
is ovate; the thorax is furnished with four tubercles of which the
posterior pair are the most distinct.

L. leucogaster, Marsh (myriophylli, Gyll). Black, dull, upper
surface somewhat depressed on disc, underside thickly clothed with
white scales, as well as the sides of the thorax and a spot at the base of
suture ; the elytra are besides more or less distinctly variegated with
greyish scales and sometimes have a slight silvery reflection ; scape of
antenne and the legs yellow, knees and tarsi, and sometimes more or
less of tibize, black ; thorax narrowed in front, but scarcely constricted,
with a channel extending for its whole length, and with four tubercles,
two, more or less indistinct, at anterior margin, and two large pointed
ones on each side at base ; elytra much broader than thorax with rather
deep strie, fifth interstice elevated at base. L. 25 mm.

Male with the intermediate tibie armed with a small hook.

In ditches, &c., on aquatic or sub-aquatic plants; sometimes found in moss and
flood refuse; local, but not uncommon; Woking, Walton-on-Thames, Sunbury ;
Gravesend ; Whitstable; Sheerness; Birchington; Pegwell Bay; Eastbourne ;
Arundel ; New Forest ; Southsea (at roots of rushes); Isle of Wight; Glanvilles
Wootton ; Bristol ; Bewdley; Old Trent, Repton; Aylsham and Rudham, Norfolk ;
Liverpool district ; Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, rare, Solway
district (Sharp) ; Loch Gelly (Power); Ireland, near Dublin and Belfast.

PHYTOBIUS, Schmidt.

This genus contains upwards of twenty species which are found in ©
Europe and North America ; they are short and broad insects with a
short stout rostrum and ten-jointed antennz which are inserted in front
of the middle of the rostrum ; the tarsi have the last joint not elongate
and the claws are either simple (Phytobius, i. sp.) or appendiculate on
their inner side (Pachyrrhinus, Steph.) ; the species are sub-aquatic in
their habits, but do not live or undergo their transformations beneath
the water, as is the case with the two preceding sub-genera ; an account
of the larva is given by Chapuis and Candéze (Catalogue des Larves des

Phytobius.| RHYNOHOPHORA. 375

Coléoptéres, p. 219); they live on the leaves of their food plants and
protect themselves with a covering partly formed of excrement and
partly of a viscous fiuid secreted from the terminal segment ; when about
to change to the pupa state the insect retires to a fold of a leaf and
there spins over itself a cocoon ; the transformation to the perfect state
does not occupy more than eight or ten days, at the end of which period
the beetle makes its exit through an irregular opening in the cocoon.

I. Tarsal claws simple (Phytobtus, i. sp.).
i, Anterior margin of thorax without distinct tuber-
cles or little teeth ; elytra very distinctly marked
with marbled grey scales (in fresh specimens) . P. comArt, Herbst.
ii. Anterior margin of thorax with two small tubercles
or little teeth. 3
1. Rostrum longer, three times as long as broad ;
thorax without central furrow . . . . . . P. Watront, Boh.
2. Rostrum shorter, twice as long as broad; thorax
with a more or less distinct central furrow.
A. Lateral interstices of elytra siightly asperate ;
suture without a dark velvety patch behind
seutellum . . . . + « « « « + + » P. QUADRITUBERCULATUS, F.
B. Lateral interstices of elytra not asperate ;
suture with a dark velvety patch behind scu-
eS a er a ee
II. Tarsal claws appendiculate on their inner side
(Pachyrrhinus, Steph.).
i. Thorax without central farrow ; anterior margin of
thorax furnished with two tooth-like tubercles the ile
interval between which is as broad asthe forehead P. QuADRICORNIS, Gyll,
ii. Thorax with central furrow ; anterior margin of
thorax furnished with two tooth-like tubercles the
interval between which forms a small incised angle P. QuaDRINODOsUS, Gyll.

P. CANALICULATUS, Fahr.

P. comari, Herbst. (s.g. Pelenomus, Thoms.). Short ovate, black,
under surface and sides of thorax closely covered with white scales,
which also form more or less distinct scattered spots on the elytra; in
quite fresh specimens the elytra are very prettily variegated and there
is a large patch of scales towards scutellum and another behind middle ;
scape of antenne, tibise, except apex, and most of tarsi reddish yellow ;
thorax rather long, gradually narrowed in front, but not constricted,
with a feeble central furrow, and with two lateral tubercles, but with-
out distinct tubereles on anterior margin; elytra with deep, rather
indistinctly punctured, striz, interstices not muricate; legs long.
L. 2 mm.

Male with the intermediate tibie armed with a rather large hook and
the fifth abdominal segment slightly impressed.

Marshy places; on aquatic plants; local and not common; Barnes, Shirley,
Esher ; Dagenham, Essex ; Woodbastwick ; Arundel ; New Forest ; Bristol ; Norfolk ;
Huntingdonshire ; Wicken Fen; Mablethorpe, Lincolnshire; Askham Bog, York;

Liverpool district, rare ; Stretford, near Manchester; Hale Moss; Northumberiand
district, rare, on Comarum palusire, Prestwick Carr ; Scotland, local, Solway district.

376 RHYNCHOPHORA, [Phytobius.

This species may be distinguished from those that follow by having
the anterior margin of the thorax almost simple, and the lateral tubercles
of the thorax somewhat obsolete, and also by having the anterior cox
separated by a narrow space and almost contiguous.

P. Waltoni, Boh. (notula, Gyll., nee Germ., nec Thoms.). Short,
rather convex, black, under surface and a broad streak on each side of
thorax covered with white scales, elytra variegated with white ; antenne
and legs red or yellowish-red, femora furnished beneath with a nigro-
fuscous spot before apex ; thorax rather long, narrowed in front, with-
out central furrow, and with four moderate tubercles ; elytra with rather
deep punctured striz, interstices not murieate; rostrum comparatively
long, a point which, in conjunction with the absence of a channel on
the thorax, will easily distinguish it from its near allies. L. 2 mm.

Male with the intermediate tibie armed with a small hook.

Marshy places; on aquatic plants; very local, but sometimes not uncommon;
Esher ; Mickleham; Woking; Cowley; Barnes Common, formerly in abundance

(S. Stevens); Windsor; Woodbastwick, Horning (Norfolk); Hastings; in moss,
‘canal near Southsea, common in spring (Moncreaff),

P. quadrituberculatus, F. (notula, Germ., nec Thoms., nec Gyll.).
Short, upper surface rather depressed, under surface and sides of thorax
closely covered with greyish scales, upper surface variegated with the
same ; antenne, except club, ferruginous, legs dark, tibie ferruginous’
with a fuscous ring before middle ; rostrum short ; thorax rather strongly
punctured, narrowed in front, with four fovez, a more or less distinct
central furrow, and four distinct tubercles, two on anterior margin and
two behind middle; elytra with moderately deep punctured stria,
interstices convex, the fifth to the eighth set with small rough tubercles,
especially behind; anterior cox rather broadly distant ; prosternum
excavate, with the excavation margired on each side; anterior coxe
rather broadly distant. LL. 2-23 mm.

Male with the posterior tibiae armed with a hook, .

Marshy places; on aquatic plants ; not uncommon; London district, generally
distributed, Weybridge, Caterham, Shirley, Lee, Faversham, Chatham, Dulwich, West
Wickham, &c. ; Loughton, Essex; Deal; Hastings; Southsea; New Forest ; Devon,
Westward Ho! common on stones near the Pebble ridge in August; Norfolk ; Hert-
ford ; Midland counties, general; Liverpool; Manchester; Heysham, Lancaster ;
Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, local, Solway, Tweed and Forth .
districts ; Ireland, near Dublin, Waterford and Belfast and probably general.

This species may be distinguished by the rather widely distant
anterior cox, the muricate sides of elytra, the distinct tubercles of the
thorax which is foveate on dise, and the margined excavation of the
prosternum ; the scales on the upper surface are, as a rule, very scanty.

P. canaliculatus, Fahr. (notwlu, Thoms., nee Germ., nec Gyll.).
This species may be known trom P. comari by the more evident tuber-
cles of the thorax and the dark velvety patch at base of suture;

Phytobius.) RHYNCHOPHORA. 377

the latter character will also distinguish it from A. Waltoni and A. quad-
rituberculatus, from the former of which it may at once be further
__ Separated by the evident channel on the thorax, and from the latter by
not having the forehead excavate between eyes and the elytra not
roughened behind at sides ; the colour is black with the underside and
sides of thorax thickly clothed with white scales and the elytra variegated
with patches of the same ; the scape of the antenna, and the tibiz, are
apy ous or yellowish, the latter being sometimes fuscous in middle.

2 mm.

Male with the intermediate tibie armed with a small hook and the
last segment of the abdomen transversely impressed at apex.

Marshy places; on aquatic plants; local, but not uncommon in some districts ;
Woking, Caterham, Esher, Walton-on-Thames, Loughton, Chatham, Sheerness;
Windsor Forest ; Portsmouth district; New Forest; not as yet recorded from the
Midland counties ; Heysham, near Lancaster; Northumberland and Durham district,
Prestwick Carr and Gosforth ; Scotland, scarce, Solway and Moray districts.

P. quadricornis, Gyll. Black, not very dull, with the under
surface, sides of thorax, and a spot at base of suture thickly clothed
with white scales, the remainder of the upper surface with very scanty
and often scarcely apparent scales ; legs ferruginous with the apex of
femora, and the tarsi, fuscous ; rostrum very short and thick, base of
antennz red ; thorax transverse, gradually narrowed but not or scarcely
constricted in front, closely and rather strongly punctured, without
central furrow and with four tubercles, two, widely separated, at apical
margin, and two before base; elytra with deep and rather broad
punctured striz, interstices finely rugose, somewhat asperate at sides,
tarsal claws bifid. L. 2-25 mm.

Male with the intermediate tibize armed with a hook and the fifth
ventral segment of the abdomen transversely impressed at apex.

Marshy places; on aquatic plants, especially Polygonum lapathifolium; rare;
London district (Stephens) ; Sheerness (J. J. Walker) ; formerly in Battersea Fields,
also in marshes near Broxbourne (S. Stevens); Ireland, near Dublin (McNab) ;
I believe that it was also taken by Mr. Sidebotham but I do not know the locality.

P. quadrinodosus, Gyll. Short oval, convex, black, with the
underside and a patch at suture (sometimes obscure) thickly clothed
with greyish scales, which are also somewhat thick towards apex and are
very scantily scattered over the rest of the upper surface in fresh
specimens ; antennz and legs ferruginous; thorax deeply and closely
punctured, narrowed and somewhat constricted in front, with four
tubercles, two at anterior margin, the interval between which forms a
small incised angle,-and two behind middle, disc channelled ; elytra
rather broad, with deep and rather broad striz, interstices at sides with
a few rather large tubercles, L. 2 mm.

Male with the posterior tibie armed with a hook, abdomen with
segments 2-5 rather strongly impressed, the impression being longitu-
dinal and bounded with white pubescence on each side.

378 ; RHYNCHOPHORA, [Phytobius.

Marshy places ; on aquatic plants, especially Polygonum amphibiwm ; also in moss
and at roots of grass; very local and rare; Lee, Kent (Champion and Power) ;
London district and Bristol (Stephens) ; Bexhill, near Hastings, rare (Butler); Lea-
sowe, near Liverpool, adhering to floating chips in pools (Chappell),

According to M. Bedel this species is so closely allied to Rhinoncus
denticollis that it can only be distinguished by the six-jointed funiculus
of thé antenne and the fact that the prosternum is very narrow between
the anterior coxee.

BARINA.

This is rather an important tribe, containing a considerable number
of genera and species ; they are, however, more characteristic of tropical
than of temperate countries; according to the European catalogue of
Heyden, Reitter and Weise, four genera and fifty species are found in
Europe, of which forty-seven belong to the genus Baris ; M. Bedel,
however, separates off B. Z-album as a distinct genus Limnobaris and
says (l. c. p. 182) that, independently of Lissotarsus, Herbst., the tribe
is only represented in Europe by two genera, Limnobaris and Baris ; the
following are some of the chief characteristics of the tribe ; body more
or less elongate, oblong, usually without or with very scattered scales
above ; rostrum not received in a pectoral groove, never very long or
slender, as a rule rather short and stout, antenne short and robust, with
a rather large oval or oblong-oval club; prosternum not excavate ;
elytra on the underside cut off from thorax by the side pieces of the
mesosternum ; anterior coxe distant, posterior coxe not globose, reach-
ing the episterna of the metasternum ; tibiz armed with a strong curved
hook ; tarsal claws simple.

M. Bedel, in separating off his genus Limnobaris, divides it from
Baris on the following characters.

I. Pygidium invisible ; head without any line of de-
marcation between the front and the rostrum ; second
joint of the funiculus of the antennz plainly longer
than thé third joie". 2S “Sores tes oe ee

II. Pygidium exposed; head with a transverse line at
the base of the rostrum ; second joint of the funiculus
of the antennze about equal to the third joint. . . Baris, Germ,

LiMNOBARIS, Bedel.

LIMNOBARIS, Bedel.

The species which has been adopted by M. Bedel as the type of ©
this genus is spread over the whole Palearctic region; it is always
found in damp and marshy places among reeds and rushes ; it is common
in some districts in cold weather in the spathules of the bulrush ;
according to Von Heyden it lives on Cladium mariscus, but it is
apparently attached to several other Juncacew and Oyperacee ; the genus
approaches Centrinus in the fact that the pygidium is entirely covered by
the elytra ; this latter genus, which is considered a separate tribe by
Lacordaire and Leconte, contains upwards of two hundred species
which are confined to North, Central and South America,

Limnobaris.] RHYNCHOPHORA. ; 379

%. T-album, L. Elongate, black, upper surface more or less
_ distinctly, but scantily, clothed with recumbent grey hairs, inserted in
the pune underside thickly clothed at sides with whitish or yellowish
white scales ; rostrum curved, smooth on its dorsal central line; thorax
longer than broad, distinctly, closely and regularly punctured ; elytra
with deep striz, interstices with single rows of punctures. L. 33-4 mm.

Male with the abdomen longitudinally impressed at base; in the
female it is convex. ;

Marshy places ; on aquatic plants; also by general sweeping; local, but not un-
common in many districts; London district, common in most ditches (S. Stevens) ;
Faversham; Chobham; Maidstone; Hertford; Suffolk; Hastings; St. Leonards;
Amberley; Portsmouth district; Glanvilles Wootton; Burnham, Somerset, in
abundance; Bristol; Crymlyn Bog, Swansea, on Erica tetraliz (this was probably
accidental) ; Llanberis; Sutton Park and Coleshill, near Birmingham ;: Wicken and

Burwell Fens; Repton; Scarborough; Northumberland and Durham district ;
Scotland, local, Solway, Tweed and Clyde districts.

7 BARIS, Germar.

This genus is a very extensive one, containing upwards of three
hundred species ; they are widely distributed throughout the world ;
although the majority are found in tropical countries yet the genus is
well represented in the Palearctic region and no less than forty-seven
species occur in Europe ; of these six only are found in Britain, and one
of these seems to require further confirmation; it is very possible, as
Mr. Champion observes (Ent. Monthly Magazine, xxv. 37), that
B. cuprirostris, which occurs at Calais, may be found along our southern
coast, if its food plants Diplotaris, Brassica, Erysimum and Sinapis
arvensis are examined in various districts, especially when we remember
that B. scolopaceus has only occurred in one locality and might easily
have hitherto escaped observation ; besides the characters above mentioned
both our genera of the Barina may further be known by the distinct
scutellum, vertically oval and free eyes and simple femora.

The larve do not call for any particular remark ; they undergo their
transformations in the stems or at the head of the root of their food
plants ; according to Plieninger (Isis, 1837, p. 525), however, the larva
of B. chloris forms small galls at the roots of its food-plant, which it
leaves when full fed, and undergoes its transformations in the earth.

The sexual characters are not marked ; in the males the rostrum isa
little thicker and more closely punctured than in the females, and the
base of the abdomen is longitudinally excavate in the middle.

The British species may be separated as follows :—

I. Thorax and elytra glabrons, entirely, or almost en-
tirely, without scales. ’
i. Elytra unicolorous, deep black . . . . - - «+ B. LAtTIcotuis, Marsh.
ii. Elytra unicolorous, deep blue, or greenish-blue.
1. Interstices of elytra narrower; body oblong.

380 RHYNCHOPHORA. —— [ Baris.
A. Thorax with round, rather closely set, ,
punctures . . 2 20 <9 + \\6-* loys) by Be PIOICORNIS, Marsh,
(abrotani, Germ.)
B. Thorax with somewhat pig. and much

more diffuse punctures . . B. LEPIDU, Germ.
2. Interstices of elytra broader ; " thorax ‘closely
punctured ; body oval. . - « « B, OCHLORIZANS, Germ.

iii. Elytra black, with the apex broadly ‘red atte B. anauis, Ol.
II. Thorax and elytra covered with somewhat scanty,
but very distinct, greyishscales . . . + « . B. SCOLOPACEA, Germ.

B. laticollis, Marsh (picina, Germ., glabra, Munich Cat., nec
Herbst.). Oblong, comparatively broad, black, shining; upper and
under surface glabrous; rostrum rather thick, punctured ; thorax longer
than broad, sparingly and finely punctured, with a more or less distinct
smooth central line; elytra with fine, obsoletely punctured, stria, inter-
stices with rows of punctures ; femora robust. L. 33-4 mm.

On species of Crucifere ; at roots of Sisymbrium officinale ; the larva has been
observed in the stems of the cultivated cabbage ; very local; London district, rare ;
Battersea and Southend (Stephens) ; Charlton (Ss. Stevens) ; ” Suffolk ; Deal; Folke-
stone (common) ; Rye; Shirley Warren, Southampton ; Isle of Wight, Ventnor (one —
specimen taken by myself on a wall); Portsmouth, abundant (J. J. Walker); Port-
land; Mr. Moncreaff has found the species abundant at Southsea “in galled roots of
Sisymbrium officinale—as many as fifty from one root—July and August ;” the
species appears to be entirely confined to the Southern and South-Hastern counties.

In Mr. Waterhouse’s catalogue Stephens’ specimens, named by him as
B. artemisie, are referred to this species ; he expressly says, however
(Manual, p. 217), that they were taken at roots of Artemisia vulgaris,
whereas JB. laticollis is attached to Cruciferew ; the species are allied,
but cannot well be confounded, as the true B. artemisie@ of Herbst. has
the thorax coarsely and rather closely punctured, whereas in B. laticollis
the punctuation is fine, shallow and diffuse; it is quite possible that the
former species may be found in Britain as it is widely distributed
throughout Northern Europe and Siberia,

B. picicornis, Marsh (abrotani, Germ.). Oblong, black or blue-
black, with the elytra blue or greenish-blue ; rostrum about as long as
thorax, punctured; thorax longer than broad, distinctly and rather
closely punctured, the punctures. being round ; elytra with moderately
fine, but variable striz, interstices with rows of punctures ; legs black.
L. 3-38} mm.

Chalky places; on Reseda lutea; the larva lives at the base of the stalks and in
the roots ; very local, but sometimes common where it occurs; Caterham, Mickleham,
Darenth Wood, Reigate, Gravesend, Maidstone, Eastry, Headley Lane, Riddleedown,
&e.; Chatham (in great profusion, Champion and J. J. Walker); Lowestoft ;
Kingsgate; Folkestone (common); Portsmouth district; Glanvilles Wootton ;
Cromer ; Brandon, Suffolk (common, J. J. Walker). :

B. lepidii, Germ. Very like the preceding, but easily distinguished
by the punctuation of the thorax, which has the punctures larger, some-

Baris.] RHYNOHOPHORA, 381

what oblong, and evidently more diffuse; the elytra are a little more
ovate and somewhat dilated behind the shoulders; the strie are
moderate and the interstices are furnished with single rows of feeble
punctures ; the colour appears to be, as a rale, of a darker blue than in
B. picicornis, but in this respect both species are variable. L. 23—
3} mm.

Marshy places; especially on the sandy banks of rivers; at the roots of Tanacetum
vulgare, &e.; also on Nasturtium sylvestre and Lepidium latifolium; very local; ~
London district, not uncommon, Putney, Hammersmith, Norwood, Egham, Walton-
on-Thames, Weybridge, Mickleham, Lewisham, Bearsted, Rusper, Catford, Tottenham,
Staines, Shooters Hill, Cowley, Horsell, Sunbury, Enfield, Chatham, &c.; Shipley ;
Dover (Hall) ; Amberley ; Portsmouth district, in moss (Moncreaff) ; Seaton Down,
Devon (Power).

B. chlorizans, Germ. Closely allied to B. picicornis, but rather
smaller, and with shorter elytra, which have the humeral angles more
prominent ; according to M. Bedel the interstices are at least three times
as broad as the striz, whereas in both the preceding they are only about
twice as broad; this character, however, appears to be somewhat
variable ; the general form also is more ovate ; the closer punctuation
of the thorax will separate it from B. lepidii. L. 22-3 mm.

On Crucifere belonging tothe genus Brassica and its close allies ; the larva has
been observed in the lower part of the stems of B. oleracea ; extremely rare, and
apparently requiring farther confirmation as British ; it has only hitherto been
recorded from Devizes by Mr. Sidebotham.

B. analis, Ol. Oblong, black, rather shining, apex of elytra broadly
and brightly red ; rostrum and head sparingly punctured ; thorax about
as long as, or a little longer than, broad, closely and strongly punctured,
with a smooth central line ; elytra with distinct strixz, interstices with
indistinct rows of punctures and a series of white hairs on each; legs
punctured, with minute white hairs. L. 33 mm.

In damp places ; extremely rare; on Inula dysenterica; Isle of Wight, first taken
by the Rev. G. J. Rudd near Ryde, and subsequently by Mr. Crotch and the Rev. A.
Matthews ; there is also a specimen in the York Museum; nospecimen had, however,
pst cg for many years until Mr. Champion found one near Sandown on June

B. scolopacea, Germ. (vestita, Perris). Black or blackish-brown,
rather shining, sides of thorax and the elytra more or less thickly
variegated with whitish and brownish-yellow scales, underside with
rather sparing whitish scales ; the amount of scales is variable ; rostrum
as long as head and thorax, punctured and furrowed ; thorax longer than
broad, very closely punctured, without smooth central line; elytra with
fine striz, interstices finely punctured ; legs black, tarsi pitchy ; my
specimens are much smaller than the average examples of any of the
preceding species, “but in this point the species appear to be variable.
L. 2-2 mm. —

Salt marshes; by sweeping Airiplex portulacoides (Sea Purslane), and other

382 RHYNOHOPHORA. [Baris.

plants; according to M. Perris it is attached to Glaux and Salicornia; June to
August ; extremely local; the species was first discovered in Britain by Mr.
Champion at Sheerness in June, 1871, and both he and Mr. J. J. Walker have since
captured it in numbers in the same locality ; it has not, however, been hitherto met
with in any other part of the country.

BALANINA. ~

The members of this tribe, which contains the single genus Balaninus
(divided by some authors into two, Balaninus and Balanobius), are dis-
tinguished not only from all the other Rhynchophora, but from all
known Coleoptera by the fact that the mandibles have a vertical instead
of a horizontal motion ; they are also remarkable for their very long
slender rostrum, which varies in length, but is sometimes longer than
the whole of the rest of the body; the length of the rostrum enables the
insects to pierce the thick husks, or surrounding pulps, of the nuts or
kernels of fruits in which they lay their eggs (walnuts, chestnuts, beech-
nuts, hickory-nuts, filberts, sloes, &ec.) ; the following characters of the
tribe may also be noticed :—antenne long and slender, usually inserted
a little before the middle in the male, and at or behind the middle in the
female, with seven-jointed funiculus of which the penultimate joints are
variable in length in different species ; eyes large, rather flat ;- prosternum
long in front of anterior coxz, which are contiguous ; thorax not or only
slightly constricted at apex; scutellum very distinct ; elytra narrowed
behind ; abdomen with the first segment longer than the second ; inter-
mediate coxe moderately distant, posterior coxe widely distant ; legs
rather long, femora usually, but not always, toothed ; tarsi dilated, claws
toothed or appendiculate.

BALANINUWS, Germar.

This genus contains about fifty species which are very widely dis-
tributed, representatives having been described from North and South
America, South Africa and Madagascar and the Australian region ;
eighteen occur in Europe, of which ten belong to Balaninus proper and
eight to the sub-genus Balanobius, Jekel, which cannot, however, be
well regarded as distinct ; the larve are small fat white grubs with a
dark or yellowish head, and strong mandibles, and do not call for any-
particular description ; that of B. nucum is well known to the most
casual observer as it is the maggot that we so often find in filberts and
other nuts; B. venosus and B. turbatus in like manner attack acorns,
B. betulee (cerasorum) lays its eggs in the kernel of Prunus spinosa (the
common sloe) and B. elephas, which is not found in Britain, in chest-
nuts ; the insects appear to bore a hole into the kernel during the early
development of the nut or fruit and there deposit an égg ; this happens
in early summer or as soon as the nuts or fruits have become set; the
larva hatches and continues feeding until autumn, when the nuts or

Balaninus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 383

fruits drop ; it then makes its way into the ground and changes to a
pupa, whence it emerges as a perfect. insect in the. following spring ;
certain of the smaller species, e.g. B. salicivorus (brassicw), do not
attack nuts or kernels of fruits but form galls, or lay their eggs in the
galls formed by certain Hymenoptera, on the under side of willow leaves,
in which the larva feeds ; when the leaves fall it makes its way into the
earth and there undergoes its transformations.

The sexual characters are variable and consist in differences in the
length of the rostrum and the insertion of the antenna, and in the
presence of impressions or tufts of hairs on the anal segment of the
males,

The British species may be distinguished roughly by the following
table ; the synonymy, however, of some of them is very confused ; I
have followed Bedel in dropping the name glandium, Marsh, altogether,
for, as observed by him (l.c., p. 189), it is applied by Mr. G. R. Water-
house to B. nucum, L., and by M. Desbrochers des Loges to B. venosus,
Gray., whereas inthe opinion of M. Bedel it must be referred without
doubt to B. turbatus, Gyll.; B. turbatus has been considered by many
authors as synonymous with the Curculio tessellatus of Fourcroy, but
Bedel points out that it is impossible even to determine the genus to
which this insect must be referred, much less the species,

I. Club of antennz long and pointed with the first two
joints of equal size; tarsal claws appendiculate for
half their length; upper surface variegated with
scales; size, as a rule, much larger (Balaninus,

i. sp.). s
i. Rostrum ferruginous; upper surface (at all
events in undenuded specimens) brown or red,
i with greyish or light greyish-brown

1. All the femora armed with a strong triangular
tooth ; size larger.
A. Scutellum narrow; rostrum shorter, not as
long as body, more thickened at base . . . B. VENOSUS, Grav.
B. Scutellum broad; rostrum longer and more
slender, about as long as body, less thickened

at ‘
a. Last joints of funiculus of antenne pyriform,
stout, and not much longer than broad, en-
tirely clothed with blackish hairs. . . . B. nucum, L.
b. Last joints of faniculus of antennz elongate,
slender and much longer than broad, with
hairsatapexonly ....-+ ++.» B. TtuRBATus, Gyll.

sharp, tooth; size small; rostrum and antennz
. * . . a eS ie. @ . . . . B. BETULZ, Steph.
: (cerasorum, Herbst.)
8._All the femora simple ; size small; rostrum and
antcone SHOE gs oben «0 + «2.6 B. RuBIDvs, Gyll.
ii. Rostrum black, at all events from base to insertion
of antenne, sometimes slightly reddish in front ;

384 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Balaninus,

upper surface black, variegated with grey or white
SCALES Gg hfe) Js, | 0) 5) eee Teoet he titanic ats Eres eR DDOSUR LUT,
II. Club of antenne oval, with the first joint as long as
the following taken together ; tarsal claws toothed at
base only; upper surface black, without scales,
clothed with fine greyish pubescence; size very
small (Balanobius, Jekel).
i. Teeth of femora comparatively large, distinct ;
metasternum and metasternal episterna clothed
with white scales; funiculus of antennz black or
pitchy; rostrum black in both sexes; interstices of —
elytra broader . « © « « © «© «© © « » « B, sauicrvorus, Payk.
(6rassicea, F.?)

ii. Teeth of femora small, often more or less obsolete,
at all events on anterior pair ; metasternum simply
pubescent, metasternal episterna clothed with white
scales; funiculus of antenne red; rostrum red in
front in male; interstices of elytra narrower . . B. PyRRMOCERAS, Marsh,

B. venosus, Grav. (glandium, Brit. Cat.,nec Marsh). Black, upper
and under surface entirely covered with greyish-yellow or light brownish
yellow scales, variegated with bands and markings of brownish or
yellowish brown scales, antennz and legs ferruginous, the latter thickly
scaled ; rostrum lighter or darker red, usually darker at base and apex,
strigose, punctured and pubescent at base, where it is thickened ; last
joints of the funiculus elongate ; thorax with three longitudinal lighter
bands, with the sides rather strongly rounded and considerably narrowed
in front but not constricted, the long scales meeting in a sort of longitu-
dinal line on the raised central line ; scutellam narrow, longer than
broad ; elytra broader than thorax, with well marked shoulders, gradually
narrowed to apex, which is much narrower than base, with the long
scales set more thickly and raised on the hinder half, strie fine, inter-
stices broad; all the femora armed with a strong tooth. L. 6 mm.

Male with the antenne inserted in front of middle of rostrum which
is rather shorter,

Female with the antennz inserted at about middle of rostrum which
is rather longer.

On oaks—in woods and hedges; local; rather common and generally distributed
in the London district and the South of England as far as the New Forest, where it
is rather plentiful at times; Swansea; not common in the Midland districts, Bretby
Wood, Repton and Sherwood Forest ; I know of no record from further north than ©
the last-named locality.

B.nucum, L. Of about the same size as, or rather larger than, the
preceding, and closely allied to it, but easily distinguished by the
broader and less convex. form, broader scutellum, and the evidently
longer rostrum of the female, which is longer than the whole body, as
well as by the plainly shorter and stouter, and somewhat pyriform last
joints of the funiculus of the antennz, which are entirely clothed with
blackish hairs; the general colour and arrangement of the scales is much

Balaninus.| RHYNCHOPHORA. 385

the same as in B. venosus, except that the latter are rather more dense,
and that the elytral markings are sometimes more obscure; as in the
preceding species the hair-like scales are thickly set and upright on
the apical half of suture of elytra; all the femora are armed with a
strong tooth. L. 6-7 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than the body, the antenne inserted in
the middle of the rostrum, and the last ventral segment impressed i in
middle and tomentose on each side.

Female with the rostrum a little longer than the body and the antennz
inserted at some little distance behind the middle of rostrum.

On hazel; in woods and hedges; local; generally distributed in the London
district and the South of England, but less common further north; Swansea;
Bretby Wood, Repton ; Sherwood Forest ; the only record from further north that if
know Mf i is Scotland, Forth district ; the insect seems rather peculiar in its distribn-

tion; M. Bedel records it as occurring generally in the basin of the Seine, but as rare
in the environs of Paris.

B. turbatus, Gyll. (tessellatus, auct. nec Foure. (?); glandtum,
Marsh, see Bedel; mueum, Germ. nec L.). More ovate, smaller, and
shorter than the ‘preceding, with the rostrum longer in proportion ; it
may easily be distinguished, moreover, by having the last joints of the
funiculus of the antenne slender and elongate and only furnished with
long hairs at apex ; the scales are rather more scanty and are as a rule
darker, and the variegated markings are not very distinct ; the legs also
are more scantily clothed with scales and therefore appcar redder ; the
suture of elytra has the raised scales towards apex much less marked ;
in the female the rostrum is considerably longer than the body ; the
whole insect, as a rule, presents a more ferruginous or ferruginous-
‘brown appearance than is usual with either of the two preceding species.
L, 43-53 mm.

Chiefly on species of oak (Quercus robur, ilex, &c.), but occasionally on hazel ;
not common ; Shirley, Croydon, Coombe Wood, Horsell, Cowfold, Claygate, Darenth,
Dulwich, Birch Wood, Westerham, Shipley, near Horsham, Chatham, Sheerness, &c.;
‘Hastings ; New Forest; Mr. W. Garneys has recorded it from Bretby Wood, near

Burton-on-Trent, but I know of no other record from any locality north of
the London district.

B. betulee, Steph. (Herbsti, Gemm., cerasorum, Herbst.). A small
and pretty lighter or darker ferruginous. species, variegated with pale
yellowish-grey and reddish scales; antennz, rostrum, and legs red;
underside evenly clothed with light scales ; thorax with fine and very
close granulate punctuation, narrowed in front, with three lines of pale
pubescence which are more or less distinct ; scutellum large; elytra
very gradually and not strongly narrowed behind, with distinct punctured
strie, interstices rugosely punctured ; anterior and intermediate femora
simple, posterior femora with a small but distinct and sharp tooth.
L, 3-4 mm.
VOL. V. oc

386 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Balaninus.

Male with the antenne inserted in the middle of the rostrum, which
is shorter than the body. ~

Female with the antenne inserted behind middle of rostrum, which
is longer than the body.

On birch (Betula alba) and sloe; rare; Esher; Headley Lane (Gorham) ; Coombe
Wood and Wimbledon Park (Stephens) ; Plumstead (S, Stevens) ; Exeter (Parfitt).

B. rubidus, Gyll. (betule, Desbr., nee Steph.). Extremely like
the preceding in general appearance, but rather smaller, and distinguished
by having the rostrum considerably shorter and all the femora simple ;
the legs also are shorter ; the thorax is rather less narrowed in front and
the scales on the thorax are more even with the lines of lighter ones
scarcely indicated ; the scales on the elytra, moreover, are greyish white
instead of being yellowish. L. 23-3} mm.

On birch (Betula alba) ; often by sweeping herbage under birch trees ; very local,
but less uncommon than the preceding ; recorded by Mr. Champion as not uncommon

in the London district and taken % him at Shirley, Mickleham, Farnham and Esher,
at the latter place in abundance; Forest Hill ; Ashwicken, Norfolk (Power).

B. villosus; F. (cordifer, Foure.; cerasorum, F., verisim, sec
Bedel). Black; base of antennz red ; rostrum black, at all events from
base to insertion of the antenne, beyond which it is often more or less
reddish ; in all the preceding species the rostrum is red or ferruginous
if viewed sideways against the light, even when, if viewed from above,
it appears partially dark; underside evenly and closely, upper side
scantily and irregularly clothed with grey hair-like scales, scutellum
(which is rather large) and a fascia or spot behind middle of each elytron
thickly clothed with white scales; rostrum long; thorax closely
sculptured, slightly constricted at apex; elytra with distinct striz, inter-
stices broad, granulose ; legs more or less thickly clothed with scales ;
femora with not very large but sharp and distinct teeth. L. 4-5 mm.

Male with the antenne inserted in the middle of the rostrum which
is shorter than the body, rugosely striate at base, and red at apex.

Female with the antenne inserted a little behind the middle of
rostrum, which is as long as the body, smooth and shining at base and
brown at apex.

On oaks and hazels, especially the former ; local, but widely distributed; London
district, not uncommon, Mickleham, Ashtead, St. Mary Cray, Darenth, Dulwich ;°
Birch Wood, Rusper, Whitstable ; Suffolk ; Hastings; Portsmouth district ; Glanvilles
Wootton; Swansea ; Devon ; Stoke Wood,rare; Bristol ; Swansea ; Llangollen ; Sutton
and Knowle, near Birmingham ; Burnt Wood, Staffordshire ; Bretby Wood, Repton ;

Sherwood Forest ; Lincoln; Northumberland and Durham district, rare on hazel ;
not recorded from Scotland. ,

B. salicivorus, Payk. (brassicw, F.% brassice, Brit. Cat.). Black,
base of antennz reddish-yellow, upper side very scantily covered with
grey pubescence, scutellum and underside of body, together with the
metasternum, thickly covered with white scales; rostrum long and

Balaninus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 387

slender; thorax with sides slightly rounded and not strongly narrowed
in front, elosely and comparatively coarsely punctured ; elytra broader
than thorax, with distinct strie and flat granulose interstices; all the
femora armed with a small, but sharp and distinct, tooth. L. 2i mm.

Male with the antennz inserted in the middle of rostrum and the
tibiz, especially the anterior pair, armed with a large curved hook.

Female with the antennz inserted behind the middle of the rostrum,
which is longer.

On willows ; the larva has been observed by Perris in galls formed by a species of

Nematus on the osier, Salix vitellina ; common and generally distributed through-
out the kingdom, and often very abundant.

-B. pyrrhoceras, Marsh. Very like the preceding, but rather
smaller and easily distinguished by having the metasternum simply
pubescent or very sparingly squamose, and also by the faet that the
antenne are red with a dark club, and that the front part of the rostrum
is red in the male ; the teeth of the femora are smaller, and the thorax
is a little more strongly punctured, and the interstices of the elytra are
narrower ; the fifth ventral segment of the abdomen is broadly foveolate
in the middle in the male, and the femoral teeth of the female are rather
sharper than in the other sex. L. 2-2} mm.

On oak, willows, hazels, &c.; less common than the preceding, but widely distri-

buted from the the Midlands southwards ; not recorded, however, from any district north
of the Midland counties, as far as I have been able to discover.

CALANDRINA.

This tribe contains several genera of which by far the most impor-
tant are Sphenophorus and Calandra; these are the only two genera
that are represented in Europe and neither of them can be regarded as
really indigenous, although C. granaria has to a great extent become
naturalized ; the members of the tribe are chiefly found in tropical
climates ; some of them are very large ; the larve are fleshy grubs
which bore grain, rice, sugar-cane, the pith of the palm, &.; that of
Calandra palmarum is two inches long and is considered a great
delicacy, when cooked, by the natives of the country where it occurs;
it is, perhaps, the Cossus of the ancients ; the following are the chief
characteristies of the tribe, which by some authors is included under the
Cossonide as a separate family; form oblong or oblong-ovate, usually
glabrous; antenne geniculate, inserted near base of rostrum, with the
first joint of the club glabrous and shining ; rostrum moderately long ;
thorax often very large, fitting closely to base of elytra; all the coxz
‘globose and more or less distant ; anterior tibie with a ridge on their
posterior surface; seutellum small ; elytra with punctured striae, with a
very narrow membranous border at apex, pygidium not quite covered;
prosternum broad before the anterior coxz, situated on the same plane as
the mesosternum ; tarsi, as in the Cossonina, with the last joint elongate,

cc 2

558 RHYNCHOPHORA. — [ Calandrina.

the fourth more or less conspicuous and the third not broad, tarsal claws
free and simple. :

In the European catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise Sphenophorus
mutilatus, Laich, is assigned to Britain; it may have occurred in this
country, but if so is evidently an importation; the insect is closely allied
to Calandra, but is about twice the size of either of our species, and
-may be known by having the club of the antenne widened, and inarticu-
late, and bevelled off at apex.

CALANDRA, Clairville (Sitophilus, Schénherr),

This genus contains about twenty-five species, which are chiefly
natives of warm or tropical countries ; three occur in Europe, but appear
to be all importations, although C. granaria has to a certain extent
been naturalized and has been found on growing wheat; they may be
known by their very long thorax, which is as long as the elytra, and
the exposed pygidium ; the rostrum is slightly curved; the funiculus of
the antenne is 6-jointed and is much longer than the club, which is
oblong with the apex conical ; the posterior coxe attain to the episterna
of the metasternum, and the latter are free.

Both the British species do considerable damage to stored wheat, and
C. granaria, the “ weevil” par excellence, is often exceedingly destruc-
tive; C. oryze, as its name implies, is originally a devourer of rice, but
also attacks grain: a long account of the two species is given by Curtis
(“Farm Insects,” pp. 321—329); the female of C. granaria makes a
hole in the grain of wheat and deposits an egg; from this there issues a
small white maggot, about 2 mm. in length, with a large, round, horny,
yellowish head and strong mandibles; this devours the substance of the
grain and changes to a clear white transparent pupa in its interior; in
eight or ten days the perfect insect issues forth ; it has been calculated
thata single pair are capable of producing 6045 individuals in one
season, so that we cannot wonder at the amount of corn sometimes de-
stroyed in granaries, where the temperature is warm and the enemies of
the beetle are few; it is hard to detect the amount of the damage
_ done, as the outside of the grain is not touched and often the presence
of the weevil can only be detected by throwing a handful of the grains
into water, when the attacked grains float; many remedies have been -
suggested, but none is so effective in our climate as keeping granaries
clean and well whitewashed and the woodwork and planks as sound as
possible; when the weather is warm the beetles keep to the corn heaps,
but when it gets cold they leave them and take to holes, crevices and
cracks ; in the colonies the following method is adopted sometimes for
getting rid of weevils from rice, corn, &c., and it might perhaps be used
with advantage ; a tank is filled with the grain to within a short distance
of the top; a candle is then set on the top of the grain, and the tank is
covered ‘and rendered air-tight by the use of white lead; the candle

Calandra. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 289

exhausts the air and, on the tank being ae next ‘day, a very large
number of the weevils will be found dead.
I. Thorax with very large, diffuse, oblong punctures; colour

- unicolorous, pitchy-ferraginous or pitchy-black ; average size

Ee SS TORS Pe ee eee C. GRANARIA, L.
II. Thorax with moderate, closely set, subrotundate punctares ; .

colour pitchy-black or pitchy-red, with two reddish — on

eachelytron. . - »- - - -. - . CO. onyzz, L.

Cc. granaria, L. Pitehy-black < or ali ‘abhi antenne and
legs ferruginous; oblong, rather depressed; rostrum moderately long,
slightly curved, dilated a little in front of base at the insertion of the
antenne ; thorax about as long as elytra, gradually narrowed in front
and constricted before apex, with very large oblong punctures placed not
very closely together; elytra with deep punctured strix, interstices
narrow, alternate ones somewhat raised at base ; breast very coarsely
punctured. L. 2-35 mm.-~

Male with the rostrum shorter than in female, and the metasternum
and abdomen slightly impressed at base.

In granaries, bakers’ shops, &c. ; widely distributed and only too common through-
out the greater part of the kingdom.

CG. oryze, L. Very like the preceding, but on the average consider-
ably smaller, and easily distinguished by its colour, which is pitchy
with two reddish spots on each elytron; in light examples these spots are
not very apparent, but the species may easily be known by the punc-
tuation of the thorax, which is closer, with the punctures smaller and
rounder ; the striz of the elytra also are more strongly punctured and
the interstices are narrower, and are furnished with very short yellowish
bristles. L. 2-3 mm.

In rice and grain of various sorts; not so. common as the preceding but widely
distributed in various parts of the kingdom; Scotland, occasional, Forth and Solway
districts ; Ireland, near Dublin.

I have specimens of a third species, smaller than either of the pre-
ceding and of a reddish testaceous colour; they are, however, evident
importations ; the same may perhaps be said of C. oryze, but 1 have
thought it best to include the Species.

COSSONINA.

This ttibe may be dietimipcrishad from the Co landfias by the fact that
the pygidium is entirely covered by the elytra and the thorax is less,
and the elytra more, elongate ; the form is cylindrical and the colour
uniform, varying from pitch black to ferruginous; the antenne are
usually inserted at or in front of the middle * of rostrum and not nearly
at. base as in Calandra, and the scape of the antenne scarcely reaches

* This does not always moe mnod: in the male sey ot igi Tardyi, the
antennz are inserted just before base.

390 _ _RHYNCHOPHORA. [Cossonina,

the eyes ; the posterior coxe are transverse and ovate ; the femora are
unarmed, as is also the cage with Calandra, and the tibiw are usually
armed with a strong curved spine at their apical angle.

The tribe contains a considerable number of genera and species ;
these are all, or almost all, wood feeders, and, as observed by M. Bedel,
the greater part are found not far from the sea, and two-thirds of the
species that have been described belong to insular faunas; this point
has received great attention from Mr. Wollaston, who has described one
genus, Microaylobius, containing thirteen species, all of which are-
peculiar to St. Helena; in fact the Cossonide are most interesting as
being the archaic remnants of ancient fauna in these detached islands.

About sixty species are found in Europe, of which nine occur in
Britain ; the number of genera assigned to the tribe in the catalogue of
Heyden, Reitter and Weise is seventeen, of which six are found in our
country ; different authors have, however, arranged the genera in different
fashions ; Wollaston, for instance, divided off the genera Brachytemnus -
and Stereocorynes from Rhyncolus, but they are now again included under
it by M. Bedel, who, on the other hand, places our two species Phlao-
phagus ceneopiceus and P. spadix under two distinct genera, Caulotrypis,
Woll., and Codiosoma, Bedel, and regards Phlwophagus as including
part of the species which are now placed under Rhyncolus,

I, Scutellum distinct ; metathoracic episterna well

marked. ,

i. Funiculus of antenne 5-jointed. . . . . PENTARTHRUM, Woll,
ii, Funiculus of antenne 7-jointed (rarely with

6 joints).*

1, Rostrum terminated by an abrupt trian-
gular flat dilatation ; anal segment with
two small silky hairs on its posterior
MAT Vilas jeh os ah MSO oes TG

2. Rostrum without an abrupt quadrangular
dilatation at apex ; analsegment without
hairs.

A. Metathoracic episterna rather broad;
rostrum very different in the sexes; an-
tenn inserted at the base of the rostrum
in the male and in front of middle in
female. . « « +» « « « © « « » RHOPALOMESITES, Woill,

B. Metathoracic episterna linear ; rostrum
similar in the sexes. . « « « « « « RHYNCOLUS, Steph.

II. Scutellum not visible.
i. Episterna well marked along the whole length ~
of the metasternum ; upper surface glabrous . CAULOTRYPIs, Woll.
ii, Episterna indistinct ; upper surface with dis-
tinct pale hairs. . . » + «© « « « » « Coprosoma, Bedel.

Cossonvs, Claire,

* Two European species of Rhyncolus, R. culinaris and R. submuricatus have the
funiculus 6-jointed ; these form the genus Hewarthrum, Wollaston, which ought
apparently to be retained.

Pentarthrum.] RHYNCHOPHORA, 391

PENTARTHRUM, Wollaston.

_ This genus contains three species, one from St. Helena, another
from Ascension Island, and a third which is found in England and
France on both sides of the English Channel ; they may be known by
the five-jointed funiculus of the antenne ; the rostrum is moderately
long and robust, not dilated at apex as in Cossonus, with the scrobes
deep and commencing in middle; club of antennz small; scutellum,
small but distinctly visible ; mesosternum rather broad.

P. Huttoni, Wollaston. Reddish brown, or pitchy, with the head
and thorax often darker than the elytra, rather shinirg, glabrous,
antenne and legs ferruginous} rostrum longer than the head, eyes
slightly prominent; antenne with the funiculus five-jointed ; thorax
cousiderably longer than broad, narrowed in front and constricted before
apex, strongly punctured, less closely on disc than at sides, broadest
near base ; elytra cylindrical, with deep roughly punctured strie, which
are at least as broad as the interstices; interstices punctured; tarsi
with the third joint bilobed. L. 223-3} mm.

Male with the rostrum thicker and plainly punctured at base.

Female with the rostrum less thick, very shining, and almost
smooth.

In damp and decaying wood, especially of casks, &e.; very local; Plymouth
(J. H. Keys); Portsmouth district (H. Moncreaff);* Portland; it has also been
recorded from Alphington (Devon) and Plymouth in dead cherry wood.

COSSONUS, Clairville.

This is a large and important genus containing upwards of a hundred
species, of which three only occur in Europe, and one in Britain ; the
remainder are very widely distributed, but are chiefly found in tropical
countries ; they may be known by having the rostrum furnished with a
depressed triangular dilatation at apex; the antenne are inserted in
front of the middle of the rostrum in both sexes and the scrobes com-
mence considerably in front; the club of the antennz is large ; the
eyes are subrotundate ; the anterior coxe are plainly distant, and the
mesosternum is placed on the same level with the prosternum ; the

_species are found in decaying wood.

C. ferrugineus, Clairv. (parallelopipedus, Herbst.; linearis, F.
nec Boh. et Gyll.). Pitchy black or ferruginous, with the head and
thorax often darker than the elytra, which are depressed on disc ;

* Mr. Moncreaff has sent me the following note on this species : “ This rare species
I have found in numbers in a piece of spruce fir that at one time formed a portion of
@ wine bin in a grocer’s cellar at Southsea and which I had purchased for firewood ;
the larvee make oval burrows in the soft portions of the wood, and with them I have
found several specimens of a parasite (Cerocephala formiciformis 7).”

392 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Cossonus.

antenne and legs pitchy red or ferruginous ; rostrum more than twice
as long as head with a broad quadrangular depressed dilatation at apex ;
thorax a little longer than broad, very feebly constricted just before
apex, comparatively finely and not closely punctured ; elytra with deep
punctured striz, interstices smooth, slightly convex, a little broader
than the striz; femora robust, tibiee widened internally in middle.
L. 4-6 mm.

Male with the dilated part of the rostrum rather shorter than in
female, and the abdomen broadly impressed at base and clothed with
yellow pilose pubescence. 2

Female with the abdomen not pilose.

In decaying willows, elms, oaks, &c.; very local and, as a rule, not common ;
Highgate (Power, in plenty); Greenwich ; Battersea ; Richmond Park (Champion);
Hampstead (S. Stevens); Plymouth ‘and Exeter ; Swansea; Sherwood Forest
(under oak bark (Blatch)).

As the name C. linearis has been adopted for three different species
belonging to the genus, I have thought it best to drop it-altogether.

RHOPALOMESITES, Wollaston.

The genus Mesites, with which the single British species has usually
been united, contains about fifteen species which are widely distributed
in the Canaries, Madeira, Ceylon, St. Vincent, &c.; the genus Rhopalo-
mesites, containing the single species R. Tardyi, is slightly less cylin-
drical than Mesittes, and somewhat more convex, with the eyes more
approximate, the antenne more elongate, the elub much larger and
abrupt, the legs rather longer, the thorax more oblong and the rostrum
of the male considerably longer and more slender; the genus may at
once be known by having the rostrum very different in the sexes, and
by having the antenne inserted near the base in the male, and consider-
ably in front of middle, where the rostrum is dilated, in the female.
The species is found very locally in hollies and beech trees, especially in
Treland.

R. Tardyi, Curt. Elongate, rather depressed, extremely variable
in size in both sexes, not very shining; antenne and legs ferruginous ;
upper surface with very. fine, scarcely evident, whitish pubescence ;
rostrum moderately curved, very different in the sexes; thorax much ©
longer than broad, with sides narrowed in front and constricted before
apex, closely and rather strongly punctured with more or less distinct
traces of a central raised smooth line which sometimes appears as a
smooth patch in the centre; elytra with moderately deep, but not
plainly punctured, striz, interstices broader than the striz, flat, rugosely
punctured ; femora angled beneath. L, 6-12 mm.

Male with the rostrum narrower than in female, angularly dilated
just before base, where the antenne are inserted, punctured at base,
and smooth and shining in front of the insertion of the antenne,

Rhopalomesites. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 393

Female with the rostrum dull, broadly and not angularly dilated
before middle, where the antennz are inserted, eats" of rostrum raised
and rather shining at the dilated portion.

In old holly trees ; also occasionally in beech ; very local, but not uncommon where
it occurs; Mount Edgeumbe Park, near Plymouth (rather common) ; Ilfracombe
(remains, J. J. Walker) ; Scotland, very rare, Clyde and Argyle districts ; it is espe-
cially an Irish species, where it has been found in greater or less abundance in
several localities ; Powerscourt, near Dublin; Tollymore Park, Westport, co. Mayo;
Belfast district ; Bantry, June, 1886, abundant under dead beech bark (J. J.
Walker).

RHYNCOLUS, Steph.

This genus has been differently constituted by different authors, and,
as here constituted, includes Stereocorynes, Woll.; it contains more than
fifty species ; fifteen of these occur in Europe and four in Britain ; they
most closely yesemble the two following genera, from which they may
be known by having the scutellum small but distinct ; the rostrum is
not dilated at apex and the scrobes are narrow and continued beneath
the eyes : the antennz are inserted at about the middle of the rostrum
and have a small club; the anterior coxz are narrowly distant, and the
mesosternum is narrow and linear,

I. Club of antennz not truncate, pubescent from

i. Rostrum narrower and longer than head.
iL. Patty evidently, although slightly, convex ;
form broader; thorax constricted before
NOOR go eee ss ae we fll el] 6 LAGNARIVS, Marsh.

(cylindrirostris, Ol.)
2. Eyes almost fiat ; form narrower and more
elongate; thorax not constricted before
SIORic. spake feet ae ls sey « KR. aRactuis, Rosenk.
ii, Rostrum as broad as, and almost shorter than,
ee ane leans Yo soo, 0 dw ATER, D,
(chloropus, F.)
II. Club of antennz truncate, pubescent only at

apex; eyes depressed, on a level with the
surrounding surface (Stereocorynes, Woll.). . R. TRUNCORUM, Germ.

RB. lignarius, Marsh. (cylindrirostris, Ol.). Oblong-cylindrical,
pitehy black, glabrous, rather shining, antennz and legs dark ferruginous ;
rostrum longer than the head, cylindrical, almost straight, thorax dis-
tinetly and rather closely punctured with a not very evident smooth
dorsal line, sides regularly rounded and constricted before apex ; seutel-
lum small but plainly visible ; elytra with strong punctured striae,
interstices with a regular row of minute punctures. L. 3-3} mm

In decaying elms, oaks, ivy, &c.; local, but common in some districts; London
district, Kent, Surrey, and most of the southern counties, generally distributed and
common ; Devon, scarce ; Windsor; Llangollen ; I have no record from the Midland
counties or in fact from any place north of the London district, except ‘ Scotland,
very rare, Solway district (Sharp) ”; it most probably, however, occurs in some of
the intervening districts.

394 RHYNCHOPHORA. | Rhyncolus.

R. gracilis, Roseuh. Elongate, rather depressed, narrower than
the preceding species; pitchy brown, shining, glabrous ; antenne and
legs pitchy red ; rostrum nearly as long as thorax, cylindrical, shining,
slightly curved ; thorax scarcely longer than broad, strongly punctured,
with a smooth central line, sides not constricted before apex ; elytra a
little broader than thorax, with deep punctured striz, interstices
irregularly punctured ; according to M. Bedel the interstices of this
species are smooth or imperceptibly punctured ; it may be known from
the preceding by its more elongate form, almost flat eyes, and by not
having the sides of the thorax constricted before apex, and from those
that follow by the longer rostrum. L. 33-4 mm, 5

In rotten wood of beech, &c.; very rare; Esher (Hamlet Clark); -Smallheath,
Birmingham, and Sherwood Forest (in birch twigs) (W. G. Blatch).

R. ater, L. (chloropus, F.). This species may be known from the
two preceding by its short and stout rostrum; it is more elongate and
parallel-sided than R. cylindrirostris ; pitchy black, glabrous, with the
antenne and legs pitchy ferruginous; rostrum subquadrate with a
central channel; thorax evidently longer than broad, narrowed in front,
regularly, closely and moderately strongly punctured ; elytra with broad
strongly punctured strie, interstices punctured in minute rows and some-
what strigose, L. 35-4 mm,

In decaying elm, fir, &c.; local and, as a rule, rare; Sittingbourne, Kent
(Hodgson); Chatham (J. J. Walker) ; Walton-on-Naze (Blatch) ; Sherwood Forest
(Turner) ; Scotland, in stumps of Scotch fir, local, Tay and Dee districts. .

R. truncorum, Germ. (s.g. Stereocorynes, Woll.). This species
may be known by having the eyes quite flat and the club of the antenne
truncate and pubescent only at apex ; the anterior femora are angularly
dilated on their underside and the first joint of the tarsi is elongate ; of
rather shorter and broader form than the preceding, pitchy black or dark
pitchy ferruginous, with the antennz and legs lighter; rostrum short
and broad, closely punctured ; thorax longer than broad, narrowed in
front, regularly, moderately closely, and strongly punctured, with traces
of a smooth central line; elytra slightly broader than thorax, with
moderately strong punctured strie; interstices rather convex, punctured
in minute rows and slightly strigose. L. 35 mm.

Male with the rostrum slightly narrowed towards apex, one and a half
times as long as its breadth at base.

Female with the rostrum cylindrical, twice as long as its breadth at
base.

In decaying maple, &c.; rare; London district (Janson); Wanstead (Power) ;
Leytonstone (Gorham) ; Epping Forest (Blatch).

Thomson (Skand. Col. vii. pp. 342, 343) separates R. cylindrirostris
from R. lignarius, chiefly on the ground that the former species has the
elytra furnished with series of punctures, whereas in the latter they are

Rhyncolus.) RHYNCHOPHORA. 395

transversely substrigose ; Bedel, on the other hand, expressly states that
R. lignarius has all the interstices marked with a distinct series of
punctures; the latter author also says that R. ater (chloropus) has the
interstices almost impunctate and that in R. gracilis they are smooth or
imperceptibly punctured ; in some examples, however, the interstices
are certainly visibly punctured or strigose, or both; the character seems
to vary somewhat in the same species ; it is better therefore to keep
R. lignarius and R. cylindrirostris united, as they are otherwise virtually-
identical. :
CAULOTRYPIS, Wollaston.

The old genus ee ee as it has hitherto stood in the British
catalogues, has inclu e two species P. eneopiceus and P. spadizx,
wkishy have been distinguished from Rhyncolus and Stereocorynes by the
rather longer seape and more elongate second joint of the funiculus of
the antenne, and from Cossonus and Rhopalomesites by the less distant.
anterior coxz ; thé absence of the scutellum, however, is a much better
character on which to separate them; our two British species have been
placed by M. Bedel in the genera Caulotrypis and Codiosoma respec-
tively; the latter genus he has formed to receive P. spadiz which may
be easily separated from the present genus by the shape of the meta-
thoracic episterna and especially by the presence of pale hairs on the
upper surface of the elytra.

The genus Phleophagus, as constituted in the Munich catalogue, con-
tains thirty species which are very widely distributed, representatives
occurring in the Canaries, the Azores, Madeira, Ceylon, St. Vincent,
Algeria, South Africa, Mexico, New Caledonia, &c.

C. wneopiceus, Boh. Pitchy brown, shining, with a slight bronze
reflection, antennz and legs red, the former rather slender, with the club
ovate ; rostrum broad and robust, longer than broad, finely and closely
punctured; thorax longer than broad, nearly oval, with sides broadest
about middle, moderately strongly and not very closely punctured, not
constricted before anterior angles; seutellum invisible; elytra subparallel,
searcely dilated at sides, with punctured striz, interstices minutely
punctured and transversely strigose. L. 3 mm.

In rotten wood of old wine casks, old posts, &c.; local, but common where it occurs ;
London district; St. Margaret’s Bay, Deal; Plymouth; Ilfracombe; Fowey; Fal-
mouth (abundant, J. J. Walker) ; Barmouth, under ivy bark (Chappell); Dr. Power
has taken it in his cellar in Burton Crescent, St. Pancras, London.

coprosoma, Bedel.

This newly-formed genus differs from the preceding, as has been
above pointed out, by the presence of light hairs on the elytra and also
by the fact that the metathoracic episterna are indistinct, whereas in
Caulotrypis they are well marked ; the single species is extremely local

396 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Codiosoma.

in Britain, but is sometimes found in abundance on our South-Eastern
coasts in old decaying wood on the sea-shore.

C. spadix, Herbst. Convex, dark pitchy-brown or reddish, shining,
with fine grey pubescence, which is recumbent on the thorax and some-
what raised on elytra; rostrum narrower and longer than the head, a
little longer in the female than in the male, antenne comparatively
slender, with the club oval ; thorax suboval, rather longer than broad,
strongly punctured ; scutellum invisible ; elytra oval and convex, with
deeply punctured strie, interstices narrow, with rows of punctures, and
transversely strigose. L. 3-3} mm.

In old posts, on the sea-shore and on the banks of large rivers near their mouths ;
locally common; Harwich (Walker); Gravesend (Janson) ; Sheerness (Walker) ;

Dovercourt ; Walton-on-Naze ; Pegwell Bay (common, T. Wood) ; Hastings district ;
Eastbourne ; near Cowes (Gorham) ; Seaford, Devon.

MAGDALINA,

This tribe is made up almost entirely of the single genus Magdalis,
taken in its wide sense; the following are its chief characteristics ;
form elongate, upper surface glabrous or almost glabrous ; thorax with
the anterior angles projecting, often sharp and considerably prominent ;
elytra separately rounded at base and advanced towards thorax ; anterior
cox contiguous; thorax at base a little narrower than elytra, not or
scarcely transverse ; femora usually, but not always, armed with a tooth ;
tibie short, shorter than the femora; tarsal claws usually simple, but
occasionally toothed at base ; pygidium exposed in both sexes.

MAGDALIS, Germar. (Magdalinus, auct. ; Thamnophilus, Schon. ;
Rhinodes, Steph. ; Panus, Steph. pars.),

This genus contains about forty species which are scattered over the
greater part of the Northern Hemisphere; one has been described from’
Brazil and another from the Australian region ; they are deep black or
biuish insects (rarely, in the case of some foreign species, reddish), as a
rule without a trace of pubescence, and may be known by the characters
above given; many live on fir and pine trees, and the remainder on the .
oak, elm, birch, black poplar and various fruit trees; the larve undergo
their transformations in the small branches of the trees and form galleries
under the bark or in the wood; the sexual differences are often very
distinct, the males having the rostrum shorter and duller than in the
female and the club of the antennz sometimes very strongly developed ;
of the twenty-six European species eight are usually regarded as British ;
these may be distinguished as follows :—

I. Anterior femora armed with a strong sharp tooth
(Magdailis, i. s.p.).

Magdalis.] _ RHYNCHOPHORA. 397

i. Thorax with the anterior angles not produced into
a long spinose tooth at anterior angles, as a rule
simple, but occasionally (as in M. carbonarius)
produced into a blunt tooth.
1. Thorax without asperities in front ; elytra bluish
or greenish blue. :
A. Head distinctly punctured.
a. Eyesprominent ...... . . . M. pHLEGMATICA, Herbst.
b. Eyes depressed. . . . . . =. =. ~. ~. M.pupzLicata, Germ.
B. Head almost impunctate; eyes depressed . . M. vronacea, L.
es ate (Heydeni, Desbr.)
_ 2. Thorax with a group of small asperities in front ;
_ @lytrashining black . . .-....=. =.=. =M.carsonarm, LD.
ii. Thorax quadrate with the anterior angles produced
into a long sharp spinose tooth; elytra dull black M. armiceRra, Foure.
(atramentaria, Marsh.)
IL. Anterior femora simple or furnished with a very
small nent colour black (Rhinodes, Steph. ; Panus,
Steph.).
i. Sides of thorax simple.
1, Femora with small, more or less obsolete, teeth ;
antesnm black. ©. . «+... . . . + - M. curasi, L.
2. Femora witlout teeth; antenne red at base;
male with the club of the antenne at least as
longasthe remainder . ..... . . . M. BARBIcoRNIs, Latr.
ii. Sides of thorax with distinct lateral tubercles ;
femora simple; antennz red, at least at base . . M. Prunt, LD.
™. phlegmatica, Herbst. Blue-black or greenish-black, elytra
dark blue, sometimes with a greenish or violaceous reflection ; forehead
elongate, closely and distinctly punctured, rostrum as long as thorax,
nearly straight, eyes rather prominent, not approximate ; thorax longer
than broad, slightly constricted before apex, closely and rather strongly
punctured ; elytra widened behind, with distinct, rather strongly
punctured, striz, interstices closely and comparatively strongly punctured ;
femora robust, teeth of anterior pair large and sharp. L. 4-5 mm.
On Scotch fir; very local; a northern species; Scotland, Forth, Tay, Dee and
Moray districts (Paisley, Rannoch, Braemar, Aviemore, Alvie, &c.). I have received
a single i from Mr. Moncreaff, which is labelled as from Southwick in the

Portsmouth district ; from the general distribution of the insect, however, I cannot
but think that there has been some mistake made with regard to this specimen.

MM. duplicata, Germ. Closely allied to the preceding in colour and
sculpture, but distinguished by its more cylindrical form, depressed eyes,
shorter head and strongly curved rostrum ; the forehead is distinctly
but less closely punctured ; the thorax is shorter, subquadrate, and the
elytra have the interstices very finely rugose, besides being punctured.
L. 33-4 mm, ~ .

Male with the antennze inserted in the middle of rostrum; in the
female they are inserted a little behind middle.

On Scotch fir; very rare; Scotland, Dee and Moray districts (Rannoch, Braemar,
&e.) ; Morayshire, June, 1863, R. Hislop (Power’s collection).

398 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Magdalis.

M. violacea, L. (Heydeni, Desbr.). Blue-black, elytra Liniah,.

antenne pitchy-red at base ; forehead smooth not punctured ; thorax
not transverse, compressed at apex, closely punctured ; scutellum linear ;
elytra with punctured strie, interstices distinctly but not very strongly
punctured ; the species is very closely allied to the preceding, but may
be known by its more robust rostrum, impunetate forehead, and wider
strie of the elytra, L. 3-45 mm.

Male with the antennez inserted on the anterior third part of the
rostrum, which is stout, nearly straight, and almost shorter than thorax.

Female with the antenne inserted a little before middle of rostrum,
which is slightly curved and longer than the thorax.

On pines ; very rare; introduced by Dr. Sharp in 1871 on the authority of M.
Desbrochers des Loges, who stated that he possessed a specimen from England of the
species described by him as M, Heydeni, whichis now by M. Bedel identified with

M. violacea, L. ; it is possible that all our specimens of M. duplicata must be referred
to this species,

IM. carbonaria, L. (atrata, Gyll.). Black, rather shining, breast
with a small spot of white scales on each side ; rostrum about as long as
thorax, curved ; thorax subquadrate, but a little longer than broad,
compressed at apex, strongly punctured, with the sides denticulate in
front ; elytra with deep punctured strie, interstices narrow and convex,
very finely strigose transversely; anterior femora strongly toothed ; size
very variable. L. 33-6 mm. ;

Male with the rostrum almost shorter than thorax, somewhat thickened
at apex, antenne inserted at the anterior third part of the rostrum, with
a large club, and shorter funiculus, ;

Female with the rostrum half as long again as thorax, curved ; antenne
inserted in the middle of the rostrum.

On Betula alba (birch); very local and not common; Chartley Moss, Staffordshire

(W. Garneys) ; Northumberland district (near Gibside? Bold); Scotland, on birch
and hazel, rare, Solway, Tay, Dee and Moray districts,

M.armigera, Fourc. (atramentaria, Marsh.; aterrima,F.). Black,
dull, antennz at base, and tarsi, pitehy ; rostrum rather short and stout,
only slightly curved ; forehead very finely punctured ; thorax quadrate,
produced on each side at anterior angles into a sharp spinose tooth,
finely and rather closely punctured, dull; elytra more or less dilated
behind, with moderate punctured striz, interstices flat, finely coriaceous ;
anterior femora with a strong pointed tooth. L, 3-43 mm.

Male with the antenne inserted at the anterior third part of the
rostrum which is stout; in the female they are inserted at about
middle.

By beating dead hedges, dead twigs, &c.; according to Bedel it occurs on Ulmus
campestris (the common elm); local ; London district, rather common, Norwood,
Forest Hill, Ripley, Shirley, Caterham, Belvedere, Dulwich, Lee, Darenth, Dorking,
Sheerness, Chatham, Whitstable, &c. ; Windsor Forest ; Guestling, near Hastings ;
Portsmouth district; Devon; Glanvilles Wootton; Swansea; Hereford; Knowle ;

. — ee ee

Magdalis.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 399

Trench Woods; Hunstanton ; Sherwood; Northumberland and Durham district ;
Scotland, very rare, Clyde and Forth districts.

™. cerasi, L. Black, dull; rostrum distinctly punctured at base,
antenne black; thorax broader than long, compressed at apex, simple
at sides, very closely punctured ; scutellum contracted on each side in
front, leaving a space between the elytra and its sides; elytra with rather
strong and distinctly punctured striz, interstices convex, granulosely
coriaceous ; all the femora furnished with a small indistinet tooth. L.°
3-45 mm.

Male with the rostrum shorter than thorax, slightly curved; antennz
inserted at the anterior third part of rostrum, with a very large club,
which is covered with silky pubescence and is longer than the funiculus.

Female with the antennz inserted in the middle of the rostrum, which
is curved and a little longer than the thorax.

In dead hedges, dead blackthorn twigs, &c.; it appears to be attached to various
species of Rosacee@ ; the larva attacks the branches of the pear, apple, hawthorn,
&c.; local; London district, not uncommon, Forest Hill, Caterham, Wimbledon,
Darenth, Lee, Cobham, Birch Wood, Shirley, Chatham, Chingford, &c.; Hastings ;
Portsmouth district ; Shirley Warren, Southampton; New Forest; Bewdley; Can-
nock Chase; Bretby Wood, Repton.

™. pruni, L. This species may easily be distinguished from its
allies by the distinct lateral tubercles of the thorax; black, rather dull,
with the antenne red at base, or red with the club black ; rostrum short,
about as long as head, straight, very finely punctured ; thorax transverse,
truncate at base, rounded at sides, very closely punctured ; scutellum
not contracted at sides in front; elytra subcylindrical, with broad and
rather deep punctured striz, interstices narrow and convex, transversely

igose ; femora simple. L. 2-3 mm.

Male with the antennz inserted at the anterior third part of rostrum ;
in the female they are inserted in the middle.

In dead hedges, &c.; the species is attached chiefly to species of Prunus ; rather
common and generally distributed from the Midland counties southwards; rarer
further north and not recorded from the Northumberland and Durham district ; Scot-
land, very rare, Forth district, “ Dalmeny Park, Edinburgh, Mr. R. N. Greville”
Murray’s Cat.

M. barbicornis, Lair. ( ¢ claviger, Kiist.). Black, with the antenne
ferruginous, club dark ; rostrum a little longer and more curved than in
M. pruni ; thorax transverse, compressed at apex, with the dise obsoletely
foveolate on each side, very closely punctured; elytra slightly shining,
with deep punctured striz, interstices slightly convex, transversely stri-
gose ; femora simple. L. 2-3 mm.

Male with the club of the antenne very long, twice as long as the
funiculus and clothed with silky pubescence; antenne inserted at the
anterior third part of the rostrum which is only slightly curved.

Female with the club of the antenne shorter than the funiculus, and

400 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Magdalis.

the antenne inserted a little before the middle of the rostrum which is

plainly, but not strongly, curved.

In hedges, &c.; attached to certain Rosacee; the larva has been found in the
branches of Malus communis; rare; Wimbledon; Lee (Champion) ; Darenth, June
25, 1854 (Power); Ashford; Iewisham; Cowley, July, 1860 (Power) ; Guestling,
near Hastings; Portsdown Hill, near Portsmouth (Moncreaff); Forest of Dean, on
hawthorn blossom ; Bewdley (Blatch).

SCOLYTIDZ.

The members of this family are small, usually cylindrical, insects, of a
reddish, brownish, or testaceous colour ; in very rare instances, as in the
male of Xyleborus dispar, the body behind the thorax is sub-globose ; in
form and general appearance they are closely allied to the Bostrychide
and Cissidw, but although they may be considered as presenting affinities
towards these families, they are in reality true Rhynchophora, and are
closely allied to certain of the Cossonina ; in fact the genera Stenoscelis
and Pseudostenocelis, belonging to the latter tribe, are practically indis-
tinguishable from the Scolytide, except by dissection ; they come nearest
in appearance to Hylastes ; the following may be mentioned as the most
important characters of the family :—Mandibles stout, eurved, more or
less toothed on their inner side ; labrum, as a rule, very feebly developed ;
antenns inserted on the sides of the head, between the eyes and the
mandibles, club large, usually solid, rarely with the joints distinct, seape
long, funiculus, asa rule, short, with the number of joints very variable
(in our genera from 3- to 7-jointed); rostrum short and broad, sometimes
quite rudimentary; head prominent in some tribes, covered by the thorax
in others ; thorax variable, especially in sculpture, but usually large, and
very rarely distinctly narrower than the elytra; elytra nearly always
cylindrical ; mesosternum large, metasternum long or very long ; anterior
coxee usually contiguous, intermediate and posterior cox more or less
separated ; legs moderate or stout, and compressed, anterior tibize almost
always denticulate or crenulate on their outer margin; tarsi somewhat
variable, last joint long, with the claws simple, tarsal joints not spongy
beneath.

The species are nearly all wood-feeders* and in many cases are among
the most formidable enemies to trees; occasionally they cause widespread
devastation, especially to pines, elms, &c.; as arule they burrow between |
the wood and the bark, but some species (such as Platypus and Trypo-
dendron) bore into the solid wood ; it has been supposed that only
decaying trees are attacked, but the truth appears to be that sound trees
are first penetrated by the perfect insects and thus become enfeebled and
afford a favourable breeding-place for the larvae which complete the
destruction. ;

* The species belonging to the genus Thammnurgus, Eich., feed in the stems of
Euphorbia, Delphiniwm, Origanum, &e.

Scolytide.] RHYNCHOPHORA, 401

The larvee are white or yellowish-white, fleshy, grubs and are very
closely allied to those of the ordinary Rhynchophora; in fact they cannot
be distinguished from them by any really trustworthy characters (vy.
Perris, Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 412, and Chapuis and Candéze, Cat. des
Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 228); the only differences are those pointed out
by Erichson, who remarks that the head is a little longer and stronger
and the mandibles a little longer ; these differences, however, are slight
and may of course be accounted for by their habits, on the principle of
Natural Selection ; the integument, moreover, is stouter and more or less
shrivelled into rugose folds (étiolé) ; the head is of a paler colour; the
body is cylindrical with the posterior extremity obtuse ; the thoracic
segments are larger and the anal aperture is in the form of an X and
bears no appendage serving for locomotion ; in most, if not in all cases,
there are no legs ; this character used to be regarded as a distinctive one
between the Rhynchophora and the Lamellicornia, Ptinide and
Bostrychidz, but cannot now be regarded as of so much importance, as
certain of the Rhynchophorous larve have been found to possess more or
less developed legs.

The larve of the Scolytide bear a strong resemblance to one another,
and, with the exception of Platypus, which is a little abnormal, they do
not require separate notice; many of them, however, may be recognized
by their habits, and especially by the shape and nature of their galleries,

The following general description of the life history of the Scolytide
has been kindly communicated to me by Mr. W. F. Blandford, who is
doing very good work at the group ; and I would here take the oppor-
tunity of thanking him very much for many valuable notes regarding the
family, which I have embodied in the descriptions that follow:—

*€ In the fact that the female enters the plant or trunk to lay her eggs
the Scolytidze differ from all other Rhynchophora, by which the eggs are
deposited from the outside.

“The process of establishing a brood begins in every case by the
formation of a vertical entrance-hole through the bark, which in the
wood-boring forms is continued deeply into the tree, but which in the
bark-feeding species only reaches at most the surface of the wood.

“To begin with the latter: The entrance-hole is usually gnawed by
the mother; but some species are polygamous and in these the male
performs the operation. He then hollows out a small irregular cavity—
the brood-chamber—and thither certain females betake themselves, and
after impregnation commence the ‘ mother galleries’ at the junction of
wood and bast ; in the monogamous species the female is fertilized in
the entrance-passage or just outside it.

“From the termination of the entrance-hole the ‘mother galleries’
run—sometimes two in number; in the polygamous species they form a
star-shaped system radiating from the brood-chamber. The eggs are laid
alternately on the right and left of the galleries in small excavations
from which the larval galleries start. Occasionally they are ig in a

VOL. V. D

402 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Scolytide.

clump and the larve feed in an irregularly advancing column without
forming distinct galleries. . The dead body of the mother is usually to
be found at the end of her gallery, and it may thus often serve as a clue
to a species which is met with in the larval state. _

“The larval galleries usually commence at right angles to the mother
galleries—at least at their middle; but they often change their direction
irregularly—the different shapes being characteristic of the species.

“ Their length is variable and depends on the extent to which they
are channelled on the wood. In some species the galleries, which
score the wood deeply, are only about one inch in length, while in
others they are often between four and five inches long and sometimes
very irregular; they end in an oval pupal chamber from which the
imago escapes by gnawing a flight-hole. Besides these holes others are
made at intervals along the ‘ mother galleries’ for ventilation.

‘*In the wood-borers the females alone make the entrance-holes, which
lead sometimes to tangential galleries from which the larval workings
start, as in 7'rypodendron ; or they form a series of repeatedly bifurcat-
ing passages, as in Xyleborus, in which larve, pupe and immature beetles
occur together. In the second case there are no larval galleries and the
larvee appear to feed on sappy exudations or on the mycelium of a fungus
growing on the walls.

“In the wood-boring forms pupal chambers and flight-holes are not
found, the imagos emerging by the entrance-tunnel. In certain genera,
as Xyleborus, the males are apterous, and do not quit the tree in which
they are bred ; here they fertilize the females immediately after meta-
morphosis.”

The family as catalogued by Gemminger and Von Harold (Munich,
1872), comprises seventy genera and seven hundred and fifty species,
which are very widely distributed ; in the European catalogue of Heyden,
Reitter and Weise thirty-two genera and about one hundred and thirty
species are enumerated, and other genera have since been created; the
number of British species is about fifty: M. Bedel (in the Faune des
Coléoptéres du bassin de la Seine, p. 3) separates the Platypodide from
the Scolytide as separate families on the shape of the metatarsus: in
sketching out the arrangement of the family for this work I had, how-
ever, come to the ccneluasion that there was not sufficient difference to
warrant this separation, and was afterwards pleased to find that on page
305 of his work (foot-note 1) M. Bedel has again united them as sub-
families of one family Scolytide ; the family will therefore be thus
divided :—

I. First joint of tarsi (or metatarsus) much shorter than the re-
maining joints united ; sides of thorax not emarginate for the
reception of the legs; eyes oblong or divided; head never

. broader than thorax inslacweeers mad Rireevets Ais Cisse eres

II. First joint of tarsi (or metatarsus) almost as long as the

remaining joints united; sides of thorax emarginate for the

ScoLytTinz.

Scolytide.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 403

Sa : . « « PLATYPODINE.

SCOLYTIN Z.

- This sub-family contains the whole of the genera of the Scolytide with
the exception of Platypus, from which it differs as above stated; the
shape of the various genera is somewhat variable but is almost always
cylindrical; in the subdivision into tribes and species good characters
are afforded by the sculpture of the thorax, which is in many cases
furnished with strong warty asperities in front, and by the formation of
the apex of the elytra which is often more or less excavate and, in one
sex at least, dentate; the shape of the club of the antenne and the
number of joints of the funiculus of the antennz are also of great im-
portance.

The sexual differences are in many cases very marked, the males in
some instances differing entirely from the females and being extremely
rare. Our speties may be divided into the three following tribes :—

I. Thorax not prolonged over the head which is always in part
visible from above and is terminated by a short snout ; thorax

i. Abdomen strongly raised obliquely from near apex; thorax
bordered at sides. . a eR Sa - SconLyrTina.

SHA haa. «SERIA
II. Thorax prolonged over the head, which is sunk in the thorax
when the insect is at rest, and is more or less globose ; thorax
almost always furnished with more or less distinct warty
Sepetitsin’ in front ; third tarsal joint simple . . . . . . DByYOcmzTINA,

SCOLYTINA.

This tribe comprises the single genus Scolytus, which may easily be
known by the shape of the abdomen and by its short broad form, pro-
jecting head, and the absence of asperities in front of the thorax, which
is usually finely punctured, and very shining; the thorax is margined
at sides and base ; the scutellum is distinct and sunk in a deep impres-
sion, and the elytra are not excavate and only slightly sloped at apex ;
the antennz are inserted near the eyes and are 11-jointed, with a large
elub which is longer than the funiculus ; the latter is composed of seven
joints ; the tibie are armed externally with a strong hook and the third
joint of the tarsi is broad and strongly bilobed ; the posterior coxe are
rather widely distant ; the species are very destructive to trees, and
appear to attack especially the elm, oak, hornbeam and birch, besides
various fruit trees; none of them appear to attack Conifer.

* This character is indistinct in the smaller species of Hylesinus, and is absent only
in one genus, Polygraphus ; in the Dryocetina there may occasionally be a vestige of
a snout, but itis not found in any indigenous genus.

pd 2

404 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Scolytus.

SCOLYTUS, Miller (Hecoptogaster, Herbst.).

This genus contains about thirty species, of which about half are
found in Europe, and the remainder have been described from North,
Central and South America, and from Java; several of the European
species also occur in Northern and Central Asia; the characters given
for the tribe will be sufficient to distinguish this the single genus
belonging to it; the life history of the species is of great economical
interest, as the ravages that the beetles commit upon forest and fruit
trees are often most serious; the commonest British species is S. des-
tructor, which destroys vast numbers of elm trees throughout the country,
whole avenues of fine trees being sometimes ruined by its devastations :
the larva of this species is figured by Westwood (Classification I. p. 350,
fig. 42,4) ; it is a thick fleshy grub, of a whitish colour, broader in front
than towards apex where it is somewhat narrowed ; the head is corneous
and provided with powerful jaws; the back is much wrinkled, and
there are no traces of legs ; a very interesting paper on ‘‘ Observations
of the economy of the British species of Scolytus,” was published in the
Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine (vol. vi. 1869-70, p. 126), by Dr.
Algernon Chapman ; this gentleman still continues his valuable observa-
tions on the group, and two years ago (November, 1888) I received
letters from him regarding certain species ; as the subject is one of such
general interest, it may be of service to quote a portion of his remarks
at length, more especially those referring to S. destructor, concerning
which he says:—‘‘ This, the commonest of our species, may be found
early in June making its galleries of oviposition in any elm trees felled
during the previous winter, and usually in such numbers as to ensure
the destruction of the bark; I do not remember to have seen it in
timber smaller than 8 in. diameter. The female makes her way along
the bottom of some crack in the bark, often by widening it for some
distance, before commencing to burrow, so that the real opening of the
gallery is some distance from where the little heap of outturned frass
lies which marks its orifice.

“The male is present for only a brief interval, viz. after the burrow is
well commenced, but before any eggs are laid. The burrow is usually
about three inches long (very rarely five inches), almost always close to
the wood and slightly encroaching on it. Its construction occupies
about three weeks. The eggs are laid along either side close to the bark,
the cavities in which they lie being somewhat irregular, not nicely fitting
the egg as with Hylesinus. The eggs in a burrow number about 100,
but I have met with more than 160 in one. They are covered by a
rather thick continuous layer of frass, which also lines the floor of the
burrow, and extends partially into the roof.

“The young larvae, starting at right angles to the parent gallery,
which is parallel with the axis of the tree, form a very regular ‘ typo-
graph,’ at least in those somewhat rare instances in which contiguous

Scolytus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 405

broods do not interfere with each other. Most of the larve are full fed
towards the latter part of July, and I daresay that, in favourable seasons,
there are sometimes two broods ina year.* A certain proportion assume
the pupal state at the end of the larval burrows, become perfect and
emerge during August; but what becomes of these beetles I do not
know. I find no trace either of their ovipositing during the autumn, or
of their hybernating ; for, though S. destructor begins its burrows earlier
than the other Scolyti, it is several weeks later than the Hylesini and
other bark beetles that pass the winter in the perfect state. The
greater number of the larve when full fed burrow about half-an-inch
into the wood, where they form a little longitudinal chamber, the
entrance of which is tightly filled with frass, and in this they pass the
winter in the larval state, completing their transformations in this cavity
in the spring, and emerging about the end of May. Im trees with
tolerably thick bark, they sometimes form their hybernacula in the
latter. ro

“The object of this difference in instinct between the beetles emerg-
ing in autumn, and those remaining as larve until spring, is obvious. The
bark, especially when riddled by Scolytus, soon becomes loose from
the action of the weather during the winter, and, when it falls off, birds
and numerous enemies quickly remove all exposed larve; but those
buried in the wood are quite safe, the little circles of frass marking
their openings, when the wood has lost:;the slight staining it receives
from the decomposing bark, being hardly visible, though the little
patches of white wood frass in the removed bark are very couspicuous.

“‘T do not remember seeing a felled elm trunk that S. destructor had
not attacked, frequently whilst still trying to throw out shoots ; yet I
have never seen a trace of it in healthy growing trees ; these are supposed
to resent and repel the attacks of the Aylesinide by pouring out sap
into their burrows ; and, in the case of S. pruni, I have observed burrows
less than an inch long, some of which, containing a few eggs already laid,
had been abandoned uncompleted by the beetles, apparently on account
of the presence of a fluid which must have been sap, as no rain had
fallen to account for it; these burrows had been formed in bark that
was still nearly healthy, though near some dying bark which had doubt-
less attracted the beetles.” -

Dr. Chapman has observed the habits of all the British species, with
the exception of S. Ratzeburgit (which has only occurred at Rannoch),
in the district around Abergavenny, and in the paper just quoted from
gives an account of each ; next to S. destructor he has found S. intricatus
the commonest species ; in conclusion he remarks that in all the species
the female dies in the burrow after oviposition is completed: S. destrue-
tor, intricatus, and pruni are able to make an audible stridulating noise

* M. Bedel (1. c. p. 385) makes the following remark :—‘‘ A part des Scolytus, ils
ont habituellement deux générations par av.”

406 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Scolytus.

by a rapid movement of the abdomen against the elytra, the loudest
sound being produced by S. intricatus.

The Seolyti are very much infested by parasites, and but for this fact
their ravages might be much more serious ; these parasites consist in
great measure of Hymenoptera of the family Chalcidide; half-a-dozen
species of these were bred by Dr. Chapman, Cheiropachus quadrum
being much the most numerous ; he found the larve of 8S. rugulosus the
most liable to attack, a fact explained by its being notable among the
Scolytide for not taking any pains to hide the entrance to its galleries ;
this again is explained by the fact that this species attacks fruit trees
the bark of which is often very smooth, and affords no crevices such as
those afforded to S. destructor by the elm.

Miss Ormerod (‘‘ Manual of Injurious Insects,”’ p. 184) refers to
several methods for preventing or lessening the damage done by
S. destructor ; as above remarked, healthy trees often repel the attack of
the beetles by pouring sap into the burrows; a Frenchman, M. Robert,
acting upon this principle, adopted the plan of removing the whole of
the rough outer bark from elm trees (which can be done conveniently
by a scraping-knife shaped like a spokeshave) ; this operation caused a
great flow of sap in the inner lining of the bark, and the grubs were
found to perish in almost all cases soon after; the application of coal-
tar, whitewash, &c., might be in some cases of service, but only to a
limited extent; the greatest preventive of all, however, is to clear
away and burn all the old elm trunks which are left everywhere lying
on the ground in our parks and fields and wood-yards with the bark
still on; these in most cases are soon found to be swarming with
Scolytus maggots, which will very soon infest and destroy numbers of
neighbouring trees.

The British species are usually regarded as six in number, but I
believe that S. carpini exists in our collections, and have added it
doubtfully in the hope that it may be confirmed as indigenous.

I. Second ventral segment of abdomen without pro-
jection on its posterior margin.

i, Elytrashining with the dorsal strie very distinct
and regular and in no way confused with the
punctures of the interstices which are evidently

finer.

1. Sutural region of the elytra with a fine series
of punctures behind scutellum ; abdomen of
female simple, of male with a strong tubercle
on the third segment and a transverse raised
prominence on tbe fourth segment; size
Varger. 2 is heel io tie 6) Spee See ee eae

2. Sutural region of the elytra thickly punc-
tured behind scutellum; third and fourth
segments of abdomen in both sexes furnished
with a small tubercle . . . . . . . . S. DESTRUCTOR, Ol.

(Geoffroyi, Goeze).

S. RarzeBural, Jans.

Scolytus.] RHYNCHOPIHORA. 407

ii. Elytra rather shining with the punctured striz

fairly regular but not strongly impressed, and

with the punctures of the interstices not much
finer than, or equal to, those of the striz.

1. Thorax with the punctuation very fine on
disc ; less fine but not extremely close at sides ;
punctures of striz evidently a little stronger -
than those ofinterstices . . . . . . . §S. PRUMNI, Ratz.

2. Thorax with the punctuation rather fine on -
dise, considerably stronger and very close at

sides; punctures of strie andinterstices equal (S. CARPINI, Ratz.)

iii. Elytra dull with very close strie, strie and
_ interstices often more or less confluent, the
sculpture being rugose.

1. Thorax very finely punctured on dise (the
punctures being round), more closely and
coarsely punctured at sides ; elytra of a uni-
form pitchy ferruginous or castaneous-red
Colours Mise-terrOnes el wa .} Cw

2. Thorax comparatively coarsely punctured on
dise (the punctures being elongate), strongly
and more or less confluently punctured at
sides; elytra black with the apex broadly

S. INTRICATUS, Ratz.

Sad ae ig Re a a se « «© « & RUGULOSUS, Rats.
II. Second ventral segment with a strong horizontal
projection on its ior margin; elytra with

rows of distinct punctures. . . . . . S. MULTISTRIATUS, Marsh.

S. Ratzeburgi, Jans. (destructor, Ratz., Thoms.). Black, shining ;
head deeply strigose, thickly, coarsely and deeply punctured behind and
at the sides, clypeus with a broad triangular emargination in front;
thorax a little longer than broad, broader at base, narrowed in front,
rounded at the sides, coarsely and deeply punctured at sides and in
front, finely and more diffusely on disc and behind; elytra as wide as
thorax, parallel-sided, with the suture depressed throughout, more
strongly so towards scutellum, behind which there is a fine series of
punctures ; punctured striz rather strong, interstices flat, with a some-
what irregular row of exceedingly minute punctures; legs black, femora
narrowly, tibiz broadly, pitchy-red at the apex ; tarsi testaceous ; abdo-
men much depressed, the surface of the second segment nearly perpen-
dicular, very sparingly and rather obscurely punctured, the apical (fifth)
segment with a broad deep impression, and with the punctures coarser
and a litle closer. L. 5-6 mm.

Male with the forehead slightly exeavate and thickly clothed with
long erect yellowish villose pubescence; abdomen with a round glabrous
tuberele on the middle of the anterior edge of the third segment, and
the fourth segment with a sinuate transverse raised space on its anterior
margin ; last segment without tufts of hairs.

Female with the forehead shallowly depressed and scantily fur-
nished with long depressed fulvous hairs, and with a keeled line

408 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Scolytus.

which is peculiar to the species;* abdomen with the segments
simple. 4

In stumps of birch trees; rare; Scotland, Tay district, Rannoch, Perthshire; the
species occurs in Northern, Eastern and Central Europe and in the western part of
Central Asia; it is often common and very destructive in East Central Europe and in
Russia; it is, apparently, ccnfined exclusively to the birch.

This species is closely allied to S. destructor, but may be distinguished
by its larger size, deep shining black colour, narrower thorax, more
parallel elytra, which have a single row of punctures on the inter-
stices, the comparatively naked head of the female, the great length of
the pubescence on that of the male, the more deeply emarginate
clypeus, and especially by the structure and puncturing of the abdomen—
for in S. destructor the third and fourth segments have a minute tooth
on their anterior margin in both sexes, and the punctures, although fine,
are deep and close, particularly on the fifth segment (Vide Ent. Annual,
1856, 88-89).

S. destructor, Ol. (scolytus, F., Geoffroyi, Goeze,¢ Ratzeburgi,
Thoms.). Black, shining, with the elytra more or less rufescent, usually
more or less suffused with fuscous, the dark colour sometimes taking the
form of a cross and dividing off four more or less distinctly marked
reddish patches; in ordinary specimens, however, the colour is not
distinctly divided; head black, longitudinally rugose; thorax large,
longer than broad, with the sides scarcely rounded and gently
narrowed in front, diffusely and very finely punctured on disc,
more strongly punctured in front and at sides; sutural region of
elytra thickly punctured behind scutellum which is much depressed ;
elytra with distinct punctured striz, interstices plainly and diffusely
punctured (the rows being usually double) ; antennz and legs ferrugin-
ous, femora pitchy in middle; third and fourth segments in both sexes
furnished, as a rule, with a small tubercle. L. 4-5 mm.

Male with the forehead clothed with short and thick pale villose
pubescence, and the abdomen sparingly villose ; last segment with two
tufts of reddish hairs.

Female with the forehead dull, and the abdomen closely punctured.

In elms; common and generally distributed from the north Midland districts
southwards ; more local and less common further north ; it has not been recorded —
from Scotland, nor have I any record from Ireland, but it most probably occurs in

the latter country; it is found as far north as the Northumberland and Durham
district.

S. pruni, Ratz. This species at first sight much resembles the pre-

* This character will distinguish the species from 8. prunt and S. destructor,
with which small females may be confounded.

+ The name 8. Geoffroyi, Gveze (1777), is adopted by several writers; Bedel
adopts S. scolytus, F. (1775), which has the priority, but the repetition is very
awkward; I have thought it best to retain the ordinary name SS. destructor, Ol.
(1795).

Scolytus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 409

ceding, but is easily distinguished by the sculpture of the elytra,
which have the punctured strie much less strongly impressed and the
punctures of the interstices not much finer than those of the strie and
arranged in single rows; it is also a little narrower; the colour is
shining black with the elytra ferruginous, and the antenne and greater
part of the legs are red ; the thorax is very finely punctured on disc and
less finely but not very closely at sides, and the ventral segments of the
abdomen are simple in both sexes. L. 33-4} mm. E

In decaying apple, apricot, pear, cherry and other fruit trees; Ratzeburg has
also found it in whitethorn and elm ; very local, but not uncommon where found ;
Peckham; Hammersmith (Stevens); Tonbridge (Horner) ; Southsea, on black-

thorn (Moncreaff); Monmouthshire and Herefordshire, freely (Chapman); Lindow
and Urmston, Cheshire (Chappell); Stretford, near Manchester (Reston) ; Scar-

borough (Lawson).

(S. carpini, Ratz. This species is very closely allied to the preceding,
but is smaller, and may be distinguished by having the punctuation of
the thorax stronger and closer at the sides, and the punctuation of the
striz and the interstices equally strong, whereas in S. pruni the punc-
tuation of the interstices is a little finer; the general punctuation of
the elytra is also less regular than in the last mentioned species. L.
3-35 mm.

This species occurs in France, Germany and Austria, on the Horn-
beam (Carpinus betulus), and has been introduced into one or two of our
collections, but I know of no authentic specimen, although it very prob-
ably occurs in Britain ; in fact, Mr. E. W. Janson has seen workings in
Hornbeam which were almost certainly to be referred to it; the differ-
ences between the species and S. pruni are so very slight that the two
insects may very easily be confused.)

S. intricatus, Ratz. Black, shining, elyira duller, with the
antenne and legs ferruginous, and the femora and elytra pitchy-brown
or pitchy-red, the latter with very close rows of punctures and extremely
narrow interstices, more or less rugose, with short erect yellow bristles
at sides and towards apex; underside with close grey pubescence;
thorax longer than broad very finely and rather closely punctured on
disc, more closely and sub-rugosely punctured at sides ; suture depressed
behind secutellum ; the colour is variable, the thorax occasionally being
reddish. L. 3-4 mm.

Male with the forehead depressed and clothed with short thick fuscous
villose pubescence.

Female with the forehead convex and somewhat strigose.

In decaying oak; not common; Darenth; Chatham; Forest Hill; Dulwich ;
Hastings district; New Forest; Monmouthshire and Herefordshire rare (Chap-
man); Sherwood Forest; Dunham Park, Manchester ; Northumberland and Dur-
ham district, rare, Little Benton.

S. rugulosus, Ratz. The smallest of our species ; black, shining,

410 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Scolytus.

with the elytra dull, black, with the apex of the elytra more or less
broadly red, the latter sparingly pilose, very closely punctured, the
punctuation appearing almost uniform; thorax comparatively coarsely
punctured on disc (the punctures being elongate), strongly and more
or less confluently punctured at sides; abdomen dull, clothed with
thick ashy pubescence, gradually ascending from base to apex; legs
ferruginous; in the male the forehead is rather thickly villose. LL.
2-25 mm.

In decaying oak, cherry, apple, pear, elm. &c.*; very local, but not uncommon
where it occurs ; Esher, Notting Hill, Birch Wood, Darenth, Whitstable, Forest Hill,

Caterham; Isle of Wight; Monmouthshire and Herefordshire, abundant (Chap-
man); Bewdley; Bromsgrove; Cheshire.

S. multistriatus, Marsh. (ulmi, Redt.). Black, shining, with the
elytra duller, pitchy-red, antenne and legs ferruginous, femora pitchy at
base; thorax longer than broad, very finely punctured on disc, more
strongly and closely at sides; elytra with close and regular punctured
strie, which are deeply impressed, interstices with regular rows of dis-
tinct punctures ; abdomen with the third to the fifth segments thickly
clothed with ashy pubescence, second ventral segment with a strong
horizontal projection on its posterior margin, which, according to some
authors, Eicbhoff among them, is confined to the male ; in the latter sex
the forehead is thickly villose. L. 23-3} mm.

In decaying elm, cherry, pear, oak, &c.; local, but rather common where it
occurs ; Mickleham, Birch Wood, Forest Hill, Merton (in plenty, July 8, 1865,
size very variable (Power) ), Darenth, Esher, WimbleJon, Sheerness; New Forest ;
Monmouthshire and Herefordshire, common (Chapman); Bowdon, near Manchester,
rare (Chappell).

This species is allied to S. intricatus, from which it may be known by
its narrower form, more finely punctured thorax, and the more regular
sculpture of the elytra ; the shape and the sculpture of the elytra will
distinguish it from S. pruni, the interstices and the strie being evi-
dently more closely punctured ; it may, moreover, be separated from all
our other species by the structure of the second ventral segment of the
abdomen ; the tooth on the second ventral segment appears, from the
weight of authority, to be common to both sexes; there is, however, a
variety, or possibly a separate species (recorded from Thuringia),—S.
triornatus, Eich.—in which the third ventral segment bears a sharp spine
behind the middle in the male only.

HYLESININA.
This tribe may be easily separated from the preceding by the even

* Altum says that this species lives on Armeria vulgaris, although it occurs more
commonly under plum bark; Mr. Blandford, referring to Altum’s statement, tells
me that he has taken a single example on Braunton Burrows, Devonshire, a locality
far from any plum trees, and close to the sea.

Hylesinina.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 411

ventral surface of the abdomen and the fact that the thorax is not
bordered at sides ; the projecting head and the sculpture of the thorax
will distinguish it from the Dryocetina; through Hylastes it presents
affinities towards the Cossonide (the antennz being much the same in
form), and through several of the other genera towards the Platyrrhinide
(Choragus, &c.) ; the shape of the club of the antennz and the number
_ of joints to the funiculus of the antennz afford good characters for the
distinction of the genera, which cannot, however, be considered as quite -
oo all the European genera, as at present constituted, appear to be

nted in Britain with five exceptions (Hylurgus, containing only
the two species H. ligniperda and H. Micklitzi, Carphoborus, containing
only C. minimus and C. pint, Dendroctonus, Phleosinus and Phleotribus) ;
their names are very much confused by different authors.

not divided ; third tarsal joint nearly alwa
s Nated and bilobed. A : eu
i. Funiculus of antenne with seven joints.

following very short. . . . . Hytastes, Er.
B. Anterior coxa: widely distant; first and
second joints of the club of the antennz large,

almost equal, the following very short . . . Hytastinus, Bedel.
2. Club of antennz compressed, oblong . . . . HyYLEsINUs, F.
ii. Funiculus of antenne with six joints.
1. Anterior coxz narrowly separate; thorax with
long villose hairs at sides; length 4-5 mm. . . MyYeEtopuitts, Eich.

(Hylurgus pars, Brit. Cat.).
2. Anterior coxe rather widely separate; thorax

evenly pubescent; length2} mm... .. . CissopHagus, Chap.
iii. Funicalus of antenne with five joints.

Club of antennz oval, nearly oot formed
of four joints fitting closely together . « XYLECHINUS, Chapuis.

( Carphoborus, Brit. Cat.).
Clab of antennz formed of three loose detached

PMP nei aiiacirenew fe nee ss ee PHL@oPHTHORGtS, Woll.
II. Eyes completely divided; third tarsal joint

entire not aod than the preceding; antenne

with a solid ovate club, and with the funiculus

OMe ae 6 es 8 - - . Potye@rapats, Fr.

HYLASTES, Er. (Tomicus, Latr., teste Bedel).

This genus contains about forty species which are chiefly contained in
Europe, Asia and North America; a few, however, have been described
from Central and South America, New Zealand, Madeira, &e. ; twelve
species have been considered as occurring in Europe of which six are found
in Britain ; one of these, however, H. obscurus, has lately been placed
in a separate genus, Hylastinus, by Bedel ; they may be known by the
seven-jointed funiculus and the globose or ovate club of the antenne ;
the head has a short but distinct rostrum with rather deep transverse

412 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Hylastes,

scrobes ; the tarsi have the third joint bilobed and scarcely broader than
the preceding ; in size the- species are rather variable; they attack firs
and pines, and are often found at the roots as well as under the bark ;
the sexual differences are not striking, but in one or two of the species
the males have a small pubescent fovea on the last ventral segment of
the abdomen.

I. Thorax longer than, or at least as long as, broad,
punctured on disc, with the exception of a broader or
narrower central line.
i. Length 4 mm. ; central line of thorax not raised ;
elytra glabrous or with very short hairs at apex
only.
1, Thorax considerably longer than broad, with the
sides subparallel; elytralonger . . . .. .
2. Thorax not much longer than broad, with the
sides somewhat rounded; elytra shorter . . . H. ounrcunarivs, Fr.
ii. Length 2-3 mm.; central line of thorax more or
less raised; elytra with rows of recumbent or
slightly erect hairs on the interstices.
1, Rostrum without furrow; sides of thorax
rounded’: 4S 4 2, Deas cabana Ween te
2. Rostrum with a fine longitudinal furrow at base ;
sides of thorax almost parallel behind. . . . H. anausratus, Herbst.
II. Thorax broader than long, somewhat rugose, with
central line raised and somewhat carinate; third
tarsal joint. dilated and bilobed ; mesosternum with a
small prominence between the intermediate coxe
(Hylurgops, Lec.) . 2. 2 « eee LS OR paniraros, Gull.

H. ater, Payk.

H. opacus, Er.

H. ater, Payk. (pinicola, Bedel). Elongate, cylindrical, black,
shining, nearly glabrous ; head much produced in front, antenne ferru-
ginous ; thorax considerably longer than broad with the sides subparallel,
rather closely and strongly punctured on disc, much more closely at
sides, with a more or less distinct impunctate, but not raised, central
line; elytra with coarse crenate strie, interstices granulately rugose ;
legs black or pitchy black, tarsi, and often apex of tibiz, red or reddish.’
L, 4-45 mm.

Male with the posterior tibie thickly villose on their inner margin
towards apex, last ventral segment clothed in middle with thick yellow
tomentose pubescence.

Varieties occur in which the thorax is pitechy and the elytra brown,
and occasionally the whole insect is ferruginous; these variations in
colour, whieh occur also in many of the allied species, are in great
measure due to imperfect maturity.

Under the bark of decaying trunks of various species of pine (Pinus silvestris,
maritima, &c.) ; also in stumps; it is especially a root feeder like other members of
the genus; often found in sandpits and by sweeping herbage; rather common and

generally distributed throughout England}; Scotland, common in the bark of fir logs ;
Ireland, Rathfarnham, Armagh, &c., and probably common,

H. cunicularius, Er. Closely allied to the preceding which it

Hylastes.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 413

much resembles in general appearance ; it may, however, be very easily
known by its somewhat broader and shorter form, and shorter thorax
which has the sides evidently rounded, and broader in the middle, and
is much duller and more thickly punctured, with scarcely a trace of an
impunctate central line; the elytra, moreover, are more coarsely and
deeply sculptured. L. 4 mm.

In decaying firs; local and not common; first taken in Britain under bark of fir,
near Guildford, Surrey, by Mr. E. W. Robinson, in 1858; Shirley; Westerham,
Kent; Weybridge; Birdbrook, Essex; Devils Dyke; Stretford district, near ~
Manchester ; Scotland, very rare, Moray district.

#. opacus, Er. Oblong, black, dull, with the base of the antennx,
and the tarsi, ferruginous ; rostrum not carinate ; thorax a little longer
than broad, with the sides slightly rounded and somewhat narrowed in
front, rather strongly punctured, with a distinct smooth raised central
line ; elytra pitchy, usually a little lighter than thorax, dull, with deep
erenate strie, interstices narrow, somewhat rugose, with rows of
recumbent or slightly erect hairs; the species is allied to H. palliatus,
but is narrower and duller with the thorax evidently longer and the
rostrum not furrowed ; the colour also is, as a rule, darker, but this can-
not be depended on as reddish varieties often occur. L. 23-3 mm.

In oars firs, &e.; also occasionally in elm and ash; not uncommon locally ;
Shirley, Mickleham, Woking, Esher, Forest Hill, Wickham, Tonbridge, Chatham ;
Compton Wyniatt (oak and ash in numbers, Power); Hertford; Faygate, Sussex;
St. Leonards Forest; Arundel; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton; Colton Pits,
Somerset; Swansea; Llangollen; Chat Moss; Repton; Sherwood Forest; North-
umberland and Durham district ; Scotland, Tweed and Clyde districts.

H. angustatus, Herbst. Very closely allied to the preceding, from
which it differs in being narrower and more elongate ; the punctuation
of the thorax is rather coarser, the small spaces between the punctures
being shining instead of dull ; the sides of the thorax also are almost
parallel behind ; the tibie area little more dilated, differing also slightly
in the spines on their outer edge ; and the rostrum exhibits a delicate but
decided longitudinal channel; in H. opacus there is no trace of such a
channel. L. 3 mm.

Under bark of fir logs; very rare; one spectmen taken at Holm Bush, near
Brighton, by Mr. Rye, who says he has no doubt that it is mixed with H. opacus in
collections; Mr. W. G. Blatch records it from Mickleham. The H. angustatus of
Stephen’s Illustrations (ITI. 364) is only H. opacus.

H. palliatus, Gyll (Hylurgops, Leconte). Pitchy-black, slightly
shining, often more or less ferruginous ; base of antenn, tibiz, and tarsi
reddish ; rostrum furruwed ; thorax transverse, much narrowed and some-
what constricted in front, closely and rather coarsely punctured, with a
smooth raised central line, sides rounded and more or less dilated ;
elytra with deep punctured striz, interstices granulate and rugose; the
thorax and the elytra (except side margins) appear to be, as a general
rule, reddish brown, but the colour is somewhat obscure and variable;

414 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Hylastes.

the formation of the thorax will easily separate the species from the
two preceding. L. 3-35 mm.

In decaying firs; local, but common where it occurs ; Shirley, Mickleham, Esher,
Ripley, Cowfold, Birdbrook, West Wickham, &e.; Windsor Forest; The Holt,
Farnham; Hastings district ; Faygate, Sussex; Portsmouth district ; New Forest ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Bath; Llangollen; Sutton, near Birmingham; Hopwas W ood,
Tamworth; Chat Moss; Bridlington Quay; Liverpool district, rare; Dunham Park,
Manchester; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, common in the bark
of fir logs, Solway, Forth, Tay, Dee and Moray districts; it appears to be the
commonest species of Hylastes in some parts of the South of England.

HYLASTINUS, Bedel.

This genus has been formed by Bedel for the reception of the single
species H. obscuwrus, Marsh, which has hitherto been included under
Hylesinus ; it may be distinguished from the latter genus by having the
anterior cox widely distant, the first and second joints of the club of
the antenne large and almost equal and the following very short; it
occurs in Western and Central Europe and also in Madeira ( Woll. Cat.
of Mad. Col. p. 99) ; it lives in the thick part of the stems of various
Papilionaceex, especially Trifolium, Ononis, Ulex, Sarothamnus, &c., and
has been known to do considerable damage to clover fields. The habits
of the species have been-carefully observed and described by Dr. Chap-
man (Ent, Monthly Mag. vi. (1869) p. 7); he has chiefly found it in
furze, but has also met with it in broom ; with regard to its occurrence
at the roots of clover (its recognized habitat) he believes that it may
attack them, but is inclined to disbelieve that the beetles ever deposit
their eggs in that plant ; the parent gallery of the insect appears only to
have one branch, which is very straight, accurately transverse to the
stem, and ? of an inch to an inch in length ; the eggs are laid at the
bottom of little cavities on either side of the burrow, and covered by
frass, which fills the cavities to the level of the wall of the burrow, of
which there is usually a small unoccupied portion between each cavity ;
the number of eggs laid is small, a dozen on either side being above the
average ; the larve burrow upwards and downwards; many of the
beetles assume the perfect state in the autumn, and either continue the
larval burrow until spring,after the manner of Phlewophthorus rhododactylus,
or, escaping, make a fresh longitudinal burrow in a higher portion of the
same stick in which they hybernate, apparently eating a little all the
winter; some assume the perfect state during the winter, and nota
small proportion pass the winter as larve; the period of oviposition is
rather later than in P. rhododactylus, and occupies nearly a month.

H. obscurus, Marsh (trifolii, Mill.). Rather short, subparallel,
moderately convex, dull, pitchy or brownish, with the elytra lighter
pitchy or dull red ; upper surface with rather short pubescence ; thorax
about as long as broad, with the sides slightly narrowed in front, very

Hylastinus.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 415

closely and rather strongly punctured, with an obscure dorsal carina ;
elytra with deeply punctured striz, interstices somewhat rugose, clothed
with short rigid hairs ; abdomen fuscous ; legs and antennz ferruginous ;
episterna of metasternum covered with whitish scales, which, however,
are only apparent in fresh specimens, L, 2} mw.

On broom and furze ; also on low plants such as clover, Ononis, &c.; occasionally
found by sweeping herbage; loca!, but not uncommon where it occurs ; Croydon,
Riddlesdown, Claygate, Forest Hill, Ashtead, Birch Wood, Tottenham, Darenth,
Bushey Park, Bearsted, Dartford, Sheerness, Gravesend ; Folkestone; Eastbourne ;
Portsmouth district; Plymouth ;- Swansea; Llangollen; Monmouthshire, freely ;
Scarborough ; Scotland, rare, Tweed, Forth and Moray districts.

HYLESINUWS, Fabricius.

This genus contains about forty species, which are very widely dis-
tributed ; eleven are found in Europe, and the remainder occur in North
- and South America, Ceylon, the Australian region, &c. ; four inhabit
Britain, one of which, H. fraxini, is among the most abundant of our
wood-boring beetles, and sometimes does considerable damage to young
ash trees; the species vary considerably in size and may be distin-
guished by having the funiculus of the antenne seven-jointed and the
club of the same compressed and oblong; the episterna of the meta-
sternum are broad and the anterior and intermediate coxe are more or
less broadly distant ; the eyes are entire and transversely elongate and
the tarsi have the third joint evidently longer than the preceding.

The life history of all our species has been deseribed by various
authors: that of H. fraxini has, however, been more fully discussed
than the others ; all Entomologists who have ever worked the bark of
dead ash trees are well acquainted with the formation of its burrows,
which consist of a deep parent gallery and a large number of larval gal-
leries which run off at right angles to it, and are quite adjacent to and
sometimes even overlap one another at apex, forming a ramification of
galleries that once seen can never again be mistaken; Dr. Chapman
has given an account of the operations of the species in the Entomolo-
gist’s Monthly Magazine, vol. v. p. 121, with further notes as to the
economy of H. crenatus and H. vittatus ; the latter insect attacks the
elm (rarely the ash), and the two former, as well as H. oleiperda, attack
the ash ; in other countries, the latter species, as its name implies, is
mostly attached to the olive tree; the most abundant of the species is
H. fraxini, which in May attacks recently fallen ash trees; the beetles
bore very rapidly into the bark, and usually before the female beetle
has quite buried itself in the bark the male arrives, and in a few days
the two beetles are to be found rapidly extending the gallery in both
directions from the aperture of entry ; as a rule most insects on their
escape from the pupal state contain their eggs ready to be laid and
requiring only fertilization, but in these, as in many of the more active
Coleoptera, the eggs are developed after attaining the perfect state; in

416 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Hylesinus.

the case of H. fraxini, as observed by Dr. Chapman, the female is
often bulkier when the burrow is half completed than on entering it,
and the eggs laid by a single beetle must often exceed in aggregate mass
the original bulk of the female. The eggs are laid along both sides of
the burrows, usually at very regular intervals, in little hollows dug out
to receive them ; they are covered with a gummy material, which soon
gets a coating of fine frass; the gallery is finished and the eggs laid in it
in from ten to twenty days ; when the task of oviposition is finished both
beetles usually die in the burrow; the female always does so ; the dead
beetles may still be found lying in the burrows-after several years; the
larvee are straight, white, footless fleshy grubs, with a rather large head
and powerful mandibles, and appear to hatch out towards the end of
May. In the autumn they assume the pupa state, and shortly after-
wards emerge as perfect insects. In cases where "the beetles attack
young trees it is a good plan to rub a good coat of soft soap into accessi-
ble parts of the tree by means of a common scrubbing-brush ; some
authorities are of opinion that it is the want of dying timber that forces
them to attack the live trees, and advise that the old trunks should be
left as traps, whereas others consider that these harbour the beetles, and
advise their removal; if the old trunks or pieces of trunks are burnt at
intervals, it is probable that the plan of leaving them on the ground will
be found to be of service.

Dr. Chapman has made an important observation with regard to H.
crenatus, viz, that it takes two years to undergo its transformations, the
larve assuming the pupal state at the end of the second summer; as
felled timber would be unable to support this long larval existence, ‘the
beetle is never met with except in living trees, and, while an affected
tree continues alive, they appear never to desert it for another ; “they
economise it,” Dr. Chapman says, “as much as possible, the destroyed
bark being more completely riddled and devoured by them than by any
other beetle of the family I am acquainted with; the burrows of the
larves are much more irregular also, so that it is impossible to find one
of those perfect maps of their voyages (as in H. fraxint), which have .
earned for the Xylophaga as a family the name of ‘ typographers.’ ’

H. vittatus attacks fallen elm, as H. fraxini does theash ; its burrows
are shorter, and the two branches are very uniformly of equal length,
rarely exceeding $ of an inch long; the number of eggs laid is seldom
as many as twenty, and, being usually placed more widely apart
than those of H. fraxini, the burrows of the larve are nearly parallel ;
the species never appears to attack live trees and is therefore unimpor- .
tant from an economical point of view.

It should be remembered that all these beetles that bore into the solid
wood play a most important part in clearing the ground of dead trees:
this is especially the case in the tropical forests, which would utterly be
choked up and destroyed in the course of ages but for the insects that
drill holes into them which admit the moisture that causes them to

Hylesinus.) RHYNCHOPHORA. 417

decay, and so opens the way for hundreds of other insects which bring
about their complete disintegration. ;

I. bes side black, with at most the suture of elytra greyish
white.
i. Size larger (4-5 mm.) ; sculpture coarser; funiculus of
., _antenn# as long as the club; elytra unicolorous black . H. CRENATUS, P.
ii. Size much smaller (2}-2} mm.) ; sculpture less coarse; :
funiculus of antenne shorter than club; clytra black with
the suture greyish white . .......4..
II, Elytra brown or pitchy-brown, variegated with greyish
_ Scales, presenting a patchy appearance ; length 2-3 mm.
_ 1, Episterna of metasternum very broad and rather short;
~ size larger; elytra without a white patch extending from
_. Shoulder to middle ofsuture . . . .... . . . H. PRAXINI, Panz.
ii, Episterna of metasternum very long and narrow
(Pteleobius, Bedel) ; each elytron with a white patch ex-
tending from shoulder to middle of suture, the patches
enclosing between them a common, more or less marked,
Sap peo ey ees oS OS . o weeearos, F.

H. OLEIPERDA, F, -

_ #. crenatus, 7. Of rather short and broad form, convex, black,
somewhat shiny, subglabrous; antenne ferruginous or pitchy ferru-
ginous, with the scape and funiculus furnished with very long ciliate
hairs on their external margin, the funiculus being as long as the elub ;
thorax slightly transverse, with the sides narrowed and somewhat com-
pressed in front, coarsely and somewhat granulosely punctured in front,
less closely and more distinctly behind ; elytra with very strong crenate
striz, interstices very rough muricate or tuberculate, with the punctures
of the striz almost meeting in places ;#egs black or pitchy, with the
tarsi usually lighter ; the colour is usually deep black, but the elytra are
often more or less reddish and occasionally ferruginous. L. 4-5 mm.

_ In decaying ash trees; as a rule rather scarce, but widely distributed, and some-
times very abundant where it occurs; Shirley, Dorking, Forest Hill, West Wick-
ham, Cobham, Reigate, Ealing ; Windsor Forest; Abbey Wood, Kent; Norfolk,
Cromer, &c.; Hastings ; Netley ; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton; South Devon;
Monmouthshire and Herefordshire, very local; Swansea; Midland districts, very
local, the ofily locality 1 knew of being Repton, Burton-on-Trent, until Mr. Bland-
ford informed me that he had found it very common and destructive about Madeley
in North Staffordshise ;* Liverpool and Manchester district, general; Scarborough ;
Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, Forth and Tay districts, “near
Edinburgh, Kinross-shire, penis. Murray’s Cat.;’’ it is probably general
throughout the kingdom, but through being very local in many districts it is passed
over. ? A
“H. oleiperda, F. Short and broad, convex, but depressed on dise,
black, slightly shining, elytra covered with somewhat raised blackish or

* Mr, Blandford says of -this insect : ‘‘I believe this is really a very injurious
insect when it occurs; I have often found it in well grown dead ash trees, which
showed no signs of injury or decay beyond the presence of this insect ; »? Eichhoff has
remarked the same; in young trees the very long horizontal galleries of the larve
may completely encircle the tree, thus entirely cutting off the circulation.

VOL. V. Ee

418 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Hylesinus.

greyish-black hairs, which are also present on thorax, and with a band of
whitish grey hairs along the suture, which is rarely obsolete or absent,
and as arule is very distinct and at once distinguishes the species ;
antenne ferruginous with the club somewhat darker than the funiculus ;
thorax transverse, with the sides gradually and not strongly narrowed
towards the front, very thickly granulated, the granulations being very
fine behind, base strongly and angularly produced before scutellum ;
elytra with rather deep and distinct regular strie, interstices more or
less broad, very closely rugose; legs black, with the tarsi ferruginous,
L. 23-3 mm,

In decaying ash ; occasionally found by sweeping herbage beneath old trees; local,
but not uncommon in some districts; it appears, however, to be rarely abundant in
any locality ; Putney, Forest Hill, Caterham, Cobham, Croydon, Shirley, Cowfold,
Richmond Park, Mickleham, Wimbledon, Hsher, Ripley, West Wickham, Sheerness;
Cromer; Littlington and Ashwicken near Cambridge ; Compton Wynniat, Somerset
(Power) ; Herefordshire (one specimen sent me in 1888 by Dr. Chapman, who had not
before found the species) ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent (one specimen found by myself,
beaten, I believe, off a furze bush under an ash tree; also taken in the district by
Mr. Garneys); Ripon; Scotland, Solway district, ‘“ Raehills, Rev. W. Little,
Murray’s Cat.’’ ; the late Mr. W. Garneys once told me that he took the species in large
numbers off the window of a cottage to which he had gone to visit a patient; a log of
wood (presumably ash) had been put on the fire, and the beetles had been driven out
by the heat ; the species has been found abundantly in beech near Frankfort.

H. fraxini, Panz. (varius, F.; melanocephalus, F.). Rather short,
convex, dull, upper side pitchy or reddish, variegated with ashy and
fuscous scales, underside with ashy pubescence, which is thicker at the
sides of the breast ; antenne ferruginous, with the club darker, large
and acuminate ; thorax transverse, with the sides somewhat narrowed in
front, very finely and granulately sculptured; elytra with fine but
distinct punctured strie, interstices broad, rugosely sculptured, granulate
towards base; legs black, tarsi red or ferruginous ; reddish varieties
often occur, with the legs entirely reddish testaceous ; they are, however,
more or less immature, L. 23-3} mm.

In decaying ash-trees; often found by sweeping herbage; generally distributed
and common throughout the greater part of the kingdom.

H. vittatus, F. The smallest of our species of Hylesinus ; black
or fuscous with the elytra pitchy, brownish or reddish-brown, variegated
with yellowish-grey scales, and a more or less distinet lighter curved .
patch of scales extending from the shoulder to middle of suture of each
elytron, and enclosing between them a common, more or less marked,
oval dark patch ; the markings, however, are often more or less confused ;
thorax transverse, with the sides slightly rounded behind and somewhat
narrowed in front, closely and granulately sculptured, variegated with
yellowish grey and greyish scales which in fresh specimens are often
arranged in irregular longitudinal lines ; elytra with fine but distinct
punctured striw, interstices broad, very closely rugose; besides the
markings above mentioned there is usually a more or less distinct

Hylesinus.| RHYNCHOPHORA. 419

whitish circle near apex ; legs more or less ferruginous with the femora
darker and the tarsi lighter. L. 13-2 mm.

In decaying elms ; also rarely in ash ; local, but common where it occurs ; Forest
Hill; Brockley; Greenwich ; Wickham ; Compton Wynniatt, Somerset, in ash and
elms in numbers in April (Power); Cowley, Gloucestershire; Monmouthshire and
Herefordshire, abundant (Chapman) ; Salford Priors, Evesham; Needwood, Stafford-
shire ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent ; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland,
Solway district; “« Raehills, Rev. W. Little, Murray’s Cat.” 2

MYELOPHILUS, Lichhoff (Aylurgus, pars Brit. Cat.).

This genus contains a few species which are found in Europe,
Northern Asia and North America; they have usually been included
under Hylurgus, but are now separated off through having the anterior
cox scarcely distant from the cephalic margin of the prostenum
(which is also excavated as far as the coxe), the club of the antenne
ovate, and the upper side of the body shining and clothed with scanty
hairs ; in Hylurgus proper the anterior cox are situated at some distance
behind the cephalic border of the prosternum, the club of the antenne
is globose, and the upper side of the body is dull, granulate or shagreened ;
the funiculus of the antenne is six-jointed, the anterior coxe are
narrowly separate, and the thorax is furnished with long villose hairs
at the sides ; the eyes are entire, and the tarsi have the third joint
broader than the preceding.

The life history of M. piniperda is discussed by Miss Ormerod in the
Manual of Injurious Insects, p. 217; the beetles are destructive to pine
plantations in all stages of growth by boring through the sides of the
tender shoots into the pith, and eating their way for an inch or two
along the centre; this is done in the summer, and in the following
spring, during high winds, the affected shoots are blown off; if the
leading shoot, as is often the case with young trees, is thus lost, the
tree as it grows becomes bushy headed, its growth is retarded, and its
ultimate value is reduced ; in April or May the female beetle bores a
parent burrow through and beneath the bark in which she lays her eggs;
the young larve, when hatched, as in the case of Hylesinus and other
genera, bore galleries at right angles to the parent burrow and form a
“‘typograph ” ; at this stage, however, they do but little harm as the
eggs are nearly always laid in felled or decaying trees; it is in the
perfect state that they commit the greatest ravages, by boring into the
young shoots as before stated. The best method for the prevention of
the damage done by the beetle is to remove and burn all brushwood
and old trunks in young plantations as the beetles propagate in
these in multitudes ; and all standing trees that are sickly should be
observed, and, if found to be infected, should be felled and removed.
I. Second interstice of elytra flattened and without

funereesavapen ras. ss] Tae: ony M. pryiperDA, LZ.

Ee 2

420 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Myelophilus.

II. Second interstice of elytra not depressed and with -
a row of small tubercles at apex . . . . » « » M. minor, Hart.

IM. piniperda, L. (testaceus, F.). Black or pitchy black, or black
with the elytra dull red, often entirely testaceous, shining ; oblong,
subcylindrical,clothed with rather scanty pilose pubescence; head some-
what strongly produced, distinctly punctured ; antennz ferruginous ;
thorax near base, about as broad as, or a little broader than long, much
narrowed and somewhat compressed in front, rather finely punctured,
the punctuation, however, being variable in different specimens, and
being. closer and stronger at sides than on dise; scutellum rather
large, punctured ; elytra separately and broadly rounded at base,
with comparatively fine punctured striw, interstices punctured, some-
what granulose at base and raised into asperate tubercles at apex,
apex of second interstice depressed and without tubercles; legs black,
tarsired. L, 33-4 mm. ;

In decaying firs ; somewhat local in England and Wales, but only too plentiful
where it occurs; Scotland, abundant in the bark of fir logs, Solway, Tay, Dee and

Moray districts and probably all the others; Ireland, Cranmore and Armagh and
most likely general.

MM. minor, Hart. Very like the preceding, but on the average a
little smaller (although according to Thomson it is of the same size),
with the strie of the elytra finer and more finely punctured, and the
interstices more closely punctured, the second not being depressed and
being furnished with a series of small tubereles on its apical deelivity ;
it is also distinguished by the fact that the posterior tibie are furnished
with a small tooth situated in the middle and a second at some dis-
tance from the apex; in WM. piniperda the first of these is situated
behind middle; the elytra are usually brownish red. L. 33-32
mm. !

In the bark of fir logs; very rare; Dee district, Braemar ; it probably occurs also

in the other neighbouring districts, and may very probably be passed over as its
near ally is so abundant that it is unnoticed by collectors,

CISSOPHAGWS, Chapuis,

This genus was formed for the reception of the small species,
formerly known as Hylurgus hederee = Hylurgus pilosus (Wat. Cat.,
Chapman, &c., nee Carphoborus pilosus, Ratz.); from Myelophilus it may
be known by having the anterior cox rather widely separated and the
thorax evenly pubescent, and from Carphoborus by the six-jointed
funiculus* of the antennz and the distinctly bilobed third joint of its
tarsi; it may further be distinguished by having the mentum rotundate-
ovate at base; one species only is known, which attacks the ivy,

* Schmidt speaks of the funiculus as seven-jointed, but, as pointed out by Rye, he
has evidently counted in the scape.

Cissophagus. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 421

forming galleries under the bark; it is found in England, France,
Italy and Algeria ; the species has been found in some numbers by
Dr. Chapman attacking stems of ivy, in which the parent beetles make
a burrow, and the larve, as in the case of Hylesinus fraxini, eat
galleries at right angles to this; neither healthy twining ivy, nor
faggots cut from the tree, suit its taste, but when sickly or dying, it
is at once attacked; in many parts of ‘the country a custom prevails
of destroying ivy by cutting through the stem; the plant, which
pee'y derives its sustenance as a parasite from the tree to which it

is not immediately killed, but usually survives for a year or
pei in this state it seems to be especially subject to the attacks of
the beetles.

C. heders, Schmidt (vicinus, Com.). Cylindrical, brownish, with
the antennz, legs, anterior portion of the thorax, and the elytra,
reddish or ferruginous ; pubescence close, yellowish brown, which is,
in consequence, the general colour of the insect ; thorax at least as
long as broad, with the sides subparallel behind and slightly narrowed
in front, covered with recumbent hairs, very closely sculptured, with a
slightly raised central line ; elytra very slightly broader behind middle,
with distinct and rather strongly punctured strie (the punctures being

quadrangular), interstices finely and closely granulate, thickly covered
with hairs and furnished besides with a row of larger raised setose
hairs, which are plainly visible in certain lights; the elytra are,
apparently, nearly always lighter than the posterior portion of the
thorax. L. 2-2} mm,

In decaying ivy ; extremely local and, as a rule, rare; Dartford and St. Mary
at Kent (Champion); Tyas near” Rusper (Horsham, Sussex) (Gorham); Plymouth
(J. J. Walker); Monmouthshire, very local (Chapman); Barmouth and Dunham
Park, Manchester (Chappell); Scarborough (Lawson).

XYLECHINUS, Chapuis (Carphoborus, Brit. Cat., nee Eichhoff).

This genus appears to be represented by one European and two North
American species; they may be known by their small size, widely
separated intermediate and posterior coxz, 5-jointed funiculus, and ovate-
globose scarcely compressed club of the antennz ; the thorax is evenly
pubescent ; the eyes are very slightly emarginate in the middle of their
inner margin; the tibiz, especially the anterior ones, are armed with a
long sharp apical spine, and the first segment of the abdomen is furnished
with a transverse process between the posterior cox ; the third joint of
the tarsi is simply cordate and the mentum is cordiform.

%. pilosus, Ratz. Oblong, subcylindrical, dull, clothed with thick
greyish pubescence, black, with the antennz and legs ferruginous or
testaceous ; the thorax appears to be often lighter than the head and the
elytra than the thorax ; thorax as long as broad, slightly narrowed at

422 RIIYNCHOPHORA, [ Xylechinus.

sides towards apex, evenly pubescent ; scutellum small, subtransverse ;
elytra more than double as-long as thorax, parallel-sided, with the suture -
thickly clothed with greyish-white pubescence, punctured striz regular,
interstices furnished with short erect whitish sete; abdomen clothed
with thick greyish pubescence, second segment about twice as long as
third. L. 23-3 mm.

Under fir-bark ; very rare; near Scarborough (R. Lawson) ; it does not appear to
have been taken in any other British locality.

This insect superficially resembles Hylastinus obscurus and more
closely Polygraphus pubescens, from both of which it may be separated
by its generic characters ; from C. hedere it may be known, apart from
its 5-jointed funiculus and not bilobed third tarsal joint, by being
usually darker, and by its more elongate form, and by having the elytra
less abruptly rounded behind, with the punctured striew less clearly
defined and the sete on the interstices not so stout orlong ; the anterior
tibie, moreover, are more triangularly dilated and have only two or
three teeth at the apex, and the antenne are stouter and shorter.

The species has been placed in our British catalogues under the genus
Carphoborus, Kichhoff, but Eichhoff includes under the latter only the two
species C. minimus and C. pint, and adopts the genus Xylechinus for
ptlosus ; the characters of the two genera are as follows:

Antenne with five-jointed funiculus and short oval non-com-

pressed club. Anterior coxe placed apart. Hyes with

outline almost entire in front. Third tarsal joint simple . XyLEcHINUS, Chap.
Antenne with five-jointed funiculus and narrow compressed

club. Eyes reniform, deeply hollowed in front. First tar-

sal joint very short, the third slightly cordiform. Thorax

entire in front:, o: ¢ <8. .,0) -o,. ..dee Oue etnes Shen hie UP ODORU iris

PHL@OPHTHORUS, Miller.

Only four or five species have been described as belonging to this
genus ; two occur in Hurope, one in North America and one in Madeira
(the latter perhaps being synonymous with our species) ; the single
British species is a very small pitchy-black insect with reddish tarsi; the
club of the antenne is rather loose and consists of three joints, the
funiculus being 5-jointed; the prosternum is very short before the
anterior cox ; the abdomen is not raised towards apex ; the episterna -
of the metasternum are elongate and rather narrow, and the intermediate
and anterior cox are rather broadly distant ; the third joint of the
tarsi is bilobed and scarcely broader than the preceding.

The life history of P. rhododactylus has been most carefully worked
out by Dr. Algernon Chapman and described by him in the Entomologist’s
Monthly Magazine, vi. (1869), p. 6; his remarks on the species are here
quoted at length :—‘‘In May, and earlier or later, according to the
season, Phleophthorus rhododactylus makes the galleries in which its
eggs are deposited in the bark of furze (Ulex Europeus). That the

Phleophthorus.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 423

furze be dying, or recently dead, seems the only requisite to its attack.
I have found it in furze killed by being cut, and in that which appeared
to have died of old age ; and, though preferring branches about or
under an inch in diameter, it is found in all—from the largest to the
smallest. As branches of old and sickly plants die from year to year it
attacks them, and probably accelerates the death of the plant. It is
equally abundant in broom. The only apparently suitable materials
in which I have not found it were a number of furze bushes smothered
out of existence by the rapid growth of some fir trees, larch, and spruce.

‘The gallery is formed directly upwards for nearly a quarter of an
inch, and then divides into two branches, at first at right angles to each
other, but, as they go upward, tending to become parallel. They are
usually of unequal length, and one is sometimes absent. The largest I
have seen was less than an inch in length, and half an inch would be a
fair average. I always find in them a pair of beetles during their con-
struction, and would note here the analogy with Hylesinus, where a
two-branched burrow is also associated with the habit of both beetles
being engaged in its construction. The entrance of the gallery is placed
out of sight behind a loose scale of bark, or some slight projection. The
ejected frass, which all appears to have been eaten, lies closely agglutin-
ated together outside, but no operculum covers the opening. I have
several times met with an inverted gallery—that is, one going down-
wards instead of upwards from its entrance. The eggs are laid along
both sides of the branch burrows, twenty-five being a maximum for one
side of one branch, and the total rarely exceeding forty. The time
occupied in their construction I do not know; in some kept under
observation, about a dozen eggs had been laid in three weeks from the
date of commencement ofa burrow. The eggs are situated rather closely
together, each in a little hollow scooped out of the bark; and they, as
well as the interspaces between them, are covered over with a layer of
fine frass, which does not appear to have been eaten ; so that the sides
of a completed burrow are formed of this frass, behind which are the

The larvyz start in every direction from the parent gallery, but
tend to travel vertically ; so that, when full grown, most of them do so.
The greater part of the broods become perfect beetles in late autumn,
and pass the winter at the ends of the larval burrows, slowly eating a
gallery upwards or downwards, according to the direction the larval
gallery has assumed. I have seen galleries so eaten for winter susten-
ance more than an inch long ; the majority, however, eat very little.

** What becomes of those beetles that escape in autumn I do not know ;
their number is not great. Others, also few in number, remain as
larve throughout the winter ; and I have found odd beetles, and even
lary, under bark from which the broods had apparently gone during
the previous year.”

P. rhododactylus. Mersh. One of the smallest of the British

424 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Phleophthorus.

Scolytide ; short and comparatively broad, convex, pitchy-black, dull,
with rather scanty but distinct greyish pubescence, base of antenne,
and the tarsi, testaceous ; head finely punctured ; thorax subtransverse,
with the sides gradually and not strongly narrowed in front, rather
finely and not very closely punctured on disc, subgranulate at sides ;
elytra deeply crenate-striate, interstices raised, subcarinate, furnished
with rather short, erect, rigid sete, which are arranged in more or less
-distinct rows ; in the male the forehead is excavated, L. 13-1? mm.

In dead stems of furze, broom, &e.; local, but, as a rule, not uncommon where it
occurs ; Shirley, Reigate, Mickleham, Woking, Birch Wood, Wimbledon, Darenth,
Coombe Wood, West Wickham, Dartford, Chatham, Sheerness, Rusper, Southend,
Whitstable; Eastbourne; Southsea; Shirley Warren, Southampton; New Forest ;
Monmouthshire and Herefordshire, abundant ; Bewdley Forest; Liverpool district ;
Scarborough ; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, scarce, Tweed,
Forth, Tay and Moray districts ; it almost certainly occurs in Ireland.

POLYGRAPHWUS, Erichson.

This very distinct genus is easily separated from all our other
Hylesinina by the fact that each of its eyes are almost entirely divided
into two parts, through an encroachment of the lateral piece from which
the antenne springs (not of the forehead, as stated by Redtenbacher) ;
by the third joint of its tarsi not being wider than the preceding; by
the club of the antennz not being articulated ; and by the five-jointed
funiculus; the club, moreover, is very large, flattened, and ovate, and
considerably longer than the funiculus. The anterior coxw are very
close to each other, and the intermediate pair are widely separated (Ent.
Monthly Mag. viii. 82); two species are known, one occurring in
Europe and the other in Canada and Alaska; the former of these has
been found very rarely in Britain; it appears to live under bark of fir,
especially spruce fir.

P. pubescens, Bach. (polygraphus, L.). Oblong, subcylindrieal,
slightly shining, black, brown, or yellow brown, clothed with squamose
pubescence, antenne and legs pale ; thorax transverse, thickly and very
finely punctured, somewhat compressed at apex, with a fine raised
central line ; elytra delicately and confusedly and very closely granulose-
punctate, with indistinct traces of stria, clothed with scanty scale-like
pubescence and very short sete; the species resembles Hylastinus
olscurus, but the sculpture will easily separate it and also the fact that
the tibiae are in a much less degree and less abruptly dilated, and are
only slightly denticulate-serrate on their outer edge, L. 2-3 mm.

In the male the forehead is clothed with thick pale villose pubescence,
and in the female the forehead is more sparingly pubescent.

Under fir bark; very rare; near Scarborough (R. Lawson); the Polyyraphus
pubescens of Stephens (Manual, 206) appears to be Pityophthorus micrographus,

Dryocetina.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 425

DRYOCATINA.

This tribe, which is co-extensive with the Ipina of Bedel and the Tomi-
cina of Thomson, contains a considerable number of genera ; as in the case
of the preceding tribe, however, their final constitution cannot be as yet
said to have been settled with any certainty. Seven genera have usually
been regarded as British, but these have been further sub-divided in two
or three instances: the new genus Pityogenes recently founded by Bedel
for the reception of the three species chalcographus, bidentatus and
quadridens, formerly referred to Tomicus, must certainly be adopted,
ard I have also, after some hesitation on my own part, been convinced
by Mr. Blandford that Eichhoff’s genus Taphrorychus must stand ; I still,
however, feel somewhat in doubt as to Léwendal’s genus Lymantor
(containing Z sepicola = D. coryli); the members of the tribe may
easily be distinguished by the head being globose, or nearly so, and
deeply sunk in the thorax, and by the presence of warty asperities in
front of the thorax in all but a very few species ; the eyes are transverse
and sometimes divided ; the antennz have the scape long and stout, the
funiculus short with the number of joints variable, and the club large
and compressed, and varying in shape in the different genera ; the elytra
are in many cases excavated behind, with the edges of the excavation
either simple or dentate ; the femora are stout and the tarsi slender.

Certain of the species are extremely hurtful to forest trees, more
especially pines and firs: Westwood (Classification I. p. 352) relates
how “the great pine forests in Germany are, in certain seasons, very
much damaged by Tomicus typographus, which is there called the
‘ Ture,’ and the i injury caused by which is known under the name of the
‘wurmireekniss.’ The evil is occasionally so great, that prayers are
offered up in the churches against its extension. In 1783, the number
of trees destroyed in the Hartz forest alone amounted to a ‘million and a
half.

I have preferred to adopt the name of Dryocetina for the tribe as
Bedel applies the name Tomicus to Hylastes which is a member of the
Hylesinina, and the names Bostrychus (which has been applied to
Tomicus) and Ips have been for so long applied to genera not connected
with the group at all, that it seems likely to cause endless confusion to
revive them in this connexion.

I. Funiculus of antennz with three eset ; Size very
small « «6 «= + « - HyporaEeNnemus, Westw.
II, Funiculus of antenne with four or five joints ;
size variable,
i, Eyes entirely divided ; club of antennz without
sdturest Oo Ses os Is . « TRYPODENDEON, Steph.
ii. Eyes entire or slightly emarginate.
1. Elytra clothed with scale-like pubescence and
sometimes with fine raised hairs in addition,

not excavate at apex; scutellum very small ;
club of antennz with distinct sutures . . . CRYPHALUS, Er.

426 RHYNCHOPHORA.

2. Elytra without scale-like pubescence, glabrous
or with outstanding hairs; club of antennz
orbicular and comp
A. Base of thorax finely bordered ; prosternum
with a short process ; size very small; club
of antenne divided by three constricting
sutures into four joints. . . . .« . «.
B. Base of thorax not bordered, -

a. Club of the antennz with the second joint
crescent-shaped and completely embracing
the sides of the first joint which is oval ;
scutellum rudimentary; elytra with re-
flexed portion dentate in the male, not
dentate in the female .

b. Club of antenne with the second joint
variable in shape but not embracing the

sides of the first joint; scutellum distinct.

a*, Prosternum with a sharp and distinct .

angular process between the anterior
cox,
a}. Elytra not excavate at apex which
is applied to the abdomen.
at. Club of antenne simple, orbicular,
with curved sutures, concave towards
apex; mentum rien, Berrian 2
sub-mentum invisible . . . .
bt Club of antenne truncate at apex,
“the basal joint being corneous and
the remaining oints lying within
it; mentum broadly cordate, sub-
mentum large and concave anteriorly
b+. Elytra excavate at apex which is
horizontal or almost horizontal siesta:
the apex of abdomen . .
b*, Prosternum without or with a very
short process between the anterior
coxee,
aft. Tibiz almost linear without furrows
for the reception of the tarsi; apex of
elytra with large teeth in the male,
and with a strong impression on each
side of suture in the female .
b+}. Tibi dilated, furnished with for-
rows for the reception of the tarsi;
apex of elytra without large teeth or
deep impressions in the sexes

Before Mr. Blandford pointed out to me further distinguishing cha-
racters I had included both Taphrorychus, Eichhoff, and Lymantor,
Loéwendal, under Dryocetes ; I had, however, thinking that others might
not be of the same opinion as myself, appended the extracts given below
from Bedel (Faune, Col. du Bassin de la Seine, p. 396) and from
Loéwendal’s table in the Entomologiske Meddelser-Andet, Bild. Forste
Hefte. p. 8. The following is a portion of the table given by M.

Bedel :—

[Dryocetina,

PirvorpHtHoRvs, Eich.

XYLOCLEPTES, Ferr.

TAPHRORYCHDUS, Hich.

DryrocztEs, Hich.

Tomicus, Latr.

PITyYOGENEsS, Bedel.

XYLEBORUS, Hich.

A ss et

Dryocetina.] RHYNOHOPHORA. 427

I. Prothorax plus ou moins gibbeux, nettement verruqueux en
avant, ponctué en arriére.
i antérieures isolées de la tete, en avant, par une
” bande prosternale assez large. Sommet des élytres excavé
et dentelé en dessus, fermé horizontalement derriére l’abdo-
menendessous . . .. .- Ips = Tomicvs.
ii. Hanches antérieures atteignant ‘pen prés le bord ‘antérieur
dusternum. Sommet des élytres simplement rétus en dessus,

appliqué contre l’abdomen en dessous . . . TAPHRORYCHUS.
II. Prothorax non gibbeux, couvert de grains éerazés ou ‘hagrine, :
Elytres obtuses 4 la déclivité postérieure. . . - »« « DRByYocaTEs.

For the following extract from Lowendal’s sed and for its translation

I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. W. F. H. Blandford :-—
I. Funiculus of antennz 5-jointed ; club jointed on both sides,

longer than funiculus . . : TaPHEORYCHUS.
II. Funiculus of antennez 5-jointed ; basal joint of club chitinised

on nearly its whole posterior surface, covering closely the

remaining softer joints.

This section contains Xylocleptes, Tomicus and Dryocetes, the latter Gatag cha-
racterized as follows :—Club of antennz chitinised on anterior side at base, softer
towards apex, with indistinct cross-sutures. Body cylindrical. Thorax nearly uni-
formly granulated or rugose. Elytra behind without depression or spines.

UL Reelen of antennz 4-5-jointed; the last (Sth) joint
more or less rudimentary, generally closely united with the
club, which is unjointed on both sides. Body long, cylin-
drical, Thorax anteriorly granulated, posteriorly aaah
Elytra behind without depression or spines. . . LyMANTOR.

In the detailed description it is further stated ‘that the thorax has no
elevated border at base; the prosternum has a prolongation between the
anterior coxz ; the tibie are broad towards apex, obliquely truncate,
toothed on outer side, ending on the inner side in a thorn-like prolonga-
tion ; and the anterior tarsi fold up into a groove in the tibie; it will
be seen that with the exception of the rudimentary fifth joint of the
funiculus and the absence of sutures in the club (a character often in-
distinct in Dryocates) and the fact that the thorax is apparently more
granulated anteriorily, which is certainly not an important point, the
genus agrees entirely with Dryocetes and can hardly be reasonably
separated from it on the characters given by Lowendal.

HYPOTHENEMUS, Westwood (Stephanoderes, Hichhoff).

This genus was formed by Professor Westwood for the reception of a
very small insect which he found in some numbers in the binding of an
old book ; the locality is therefore uncertain and the species is perhaps
identical with the Bostrichus ruficollis of Fabricius (Syst. El. ii. p. 388)
which is described as from South America; it has also been identified
with Stephanoderes arecce, Horn. by Eichhoff, and with St. (Cryphalus)
aspericollis, Woll.* by Sharp; the genus may be known, apart from the

* The former of these species has occurred in Columbia and New Guinea; Ido not
know the locality of the latter insect.

428 RHYNOHOPHORA. [ Hypothenemus.

minute size, by the three-jointed funiculus of the antenne, which has
the first joint very large and the second and third transverse and equal ;
the club is very large, compressed and oval, showing traces of sutures ;
the mentum is elongate and parallel-sided, and the apical declivity of
the elytra is rounded.

H. eruditus, Westw. Very small, cylindrical, covered with fine
white short erect hairs, black or pitchy-black, with the thorax reddish-
yellow or brownish-yellow ; thorax about as long as broad, convex and
plainly tuberculate in front, with the sides rounded and gradually nar-
rowed at apex, subparallel behind ; elytra more than twice as long as
thorax, with punctured striz, interstices finely rugose set with rows of
very distinct white setw; antenne and legs clear yellow or reddish-
yellow. L. 8+ mm,

In the cover of an old book; found in some numbers by Professor Westwood ;"
probably an introduced species.

CRYPHALUS, Erichson,

The members of this genus are very small and obscure dark-coloured
insects and much resemble at first sight small species of Cis; they
have been divided by Thomson and others into several separate genera ;
in its wide sense the genus contains about two dozen species which are
very widely distributed, representatives occurring in Hurope, North and
South America, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Madagascar, Australia, &e.; the
following are their chief characters: —EHyes entire or slightly emarginate ;
antennze with sutures of the club distinctly marked, the club itself
being somewhat variable in shape ; thorax tuberculate in front, margined
at base ; scutellum small, punctiform ; elytra not strongly reflexed and
not excavate at apex, clothed with scale-like pubescence and sometimes
in addition with fine raised hairs; about twelve species are found in
Europe and six have been recorded as British; they attack various
trees (willow, lime, beech, fir, &e.) and are usually considered as very
rare ; they appear, however, to have been found on several occasions in
great abundance where they have occurred, and must probably be
regarded as very local and as often passed over owing to their obscure
appearance and habits; their life history has been described by
Nordlinger (Nachtr. z. Ratz. Forst. p. 29), and by Dr, Algernon
Chapman (Ent. Monthly Mag. v. 1868, pp. 198-9) ; Eichhoff has also
described the life history of C. picew and C. abietis and figured their
workings (Die Europaischen Borken Kafer, pp. 172 et seqq.); as very
little is generally known of the habits of these beetles, and as an
account of them may perhaps lead to further discoveries of their habitats,
I have thought it advisable to quote Dr. Chapman’s remarks at length.
«“On some aspens growing near Abergavenny I have detected certain
beetles, which are interesting not only on account of their rarity, but
also on account of their habits. Last spring (1868) I observed that

Ls |

Cryphalus. } RHYNCHOPHORA. 429

two of these trees, which are from twenty to thirty years old, had been
blown over in a manner similar to that in which poplars often suffer,
viz., they had been snapped across at about the level of their lower
branches ; one of them had fallen last winter, the other during the
previous one. On both I found evidence of their having begun to
decay before they yielded to the storm, but the more recent one was
still so far alive as to be attempting to throw out leaves, yet many of
its branches had long been dead and one side of the stem was so also ;

this I soon found to be caused by a small beetle belonging to the family

Hylesinide. This beetle, Cryphalus binodulus, Ratz., appears not to

-have been taken in England since its original capture by Mr. E. W.

Janson at Highgate ; and I may observe that very few of my specimens
present the (sexual) spines at the apex of the elytra; and that, when

present, the spines are very small, This species, unlike Hylesinus

erenatus, which commences its attack close to the ground, first attacks
the branches and then advances downwards. A colony is probably
commenced by one, or only a few pairs; but they rapidly multiply.
There are about a dozen of the young aspen trees (Populus tremula) on
which I find them, and of these, besides the two already mentioned,

. they have this season killed a third tree. The leaves which it threw

out abundantly last spring are now all black and dead, and I suspect
that this is entirely the work of the present season, A fourth tree is
far gone and several others are invaded. Like most of the Xylophaga
it only attacks the bark. In the genus Hylesinus, and others of the
family, the parent beetles make a long straight burrow, and the eggs
are deposited more or less regularly along either side. Unlike these,
Cryphalus binodulus makes what may be called a little irregular cavern
rather than a burrow. This is always immediately beneath the outer
bark, and does not penetrate to the wood. I find invariably a pair of
beetles in each cavern, even when nearly all the eggs are deposited, or
when the eggs are hatched ; these are laid in little confused heaps in
the recesses of the cavern, sometimes all in one heap, generally in three
or four, and to the number of from thirty to sixty. The larve when
hatched burrow without any regularity, but tend to travel in a vertical
direction. They are footless grubs, with strong jaws, and a distinct
head like the larve of the other Xylophaga. I found that the eggs
laid in May had in August produced some perfect beetles, though many
still remained in the larval and pupal states. This has also been the case
this season with Hylesinide I have been watching, and I suspect that
this species, like the others, does not usually come to maturity until a
month or two later, and then hybernates before emerging. This species
appears only to attack the living trees, and though so minute, is from
its numbers able to cause the destruction of any tree it colonises. A
branch is usually first attacked by several pairs, whose progeny then,
laying their eggs in it, complete its destruction. Wherever a brood
has been reared a wide rough crack is observable in the bark, and a

430 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Cryphalus.

destroyed branch presents the same appearance in an exaggerated form ;
the whole bark looks bloated and cracked, and is pierced by the exit
holes of the beetles. A branch is often attacked in sufficient force to
destroy it in one season, and I have already mentioned my belief that
the destruction of a whole tree has been accomplished during the present
season. ‘The trunk is rarely attacked till most of the branches are dead,
and its vitality is then so much reduced that no distortion occurs from
their ravages, except of course that it becomes quite decayed.”

In the ivy growing on these fallen aspen trees Dr. Chapman found
Cissophagus hedere in numbers ; the occurrence of these two usually
very rare beetles in abundance and in such close proximity is curious,
as showing us that probably very few beetles are really rare if only we
can get to understand something of their habits.

The British species belonging to the genus may be divided as follows :
one or two of them are, however, rather difficult to distinguish from
descriptions :—

I. Funiculus of antenne five-jointed ; club rather elongate
oval, acuminate at apex; thorax and elytra somewhat
shiny ; scutellum distinct (Zrypophleus, Fairm.; Glyp-

toderes, Hich.).
i. Punctured strie of elytra not distinct near pres

size smaller; legs pitchy . . C. BINODULUS, Ratz,
ii. Punctured strie of elytra distinct near gatare : aise
larger; legs in part yellow. . . C, GRANULATUS, Ratz.

II. Funiculus of antennz forr-jointed ; ‘club yather short

oval, rounded at apex ; scutellum very punctiform (Cry-
phalus, i. sp.).

i, Club of antenne with the sutures transverse, almost

straight; body behind thorax only twice as long as

broad.
1. Eyes entire; thorax with four transverse rows of
granulesin front . . C. TILT, Panz.

2. Hyes emarginate on their anterior border ; thorax
confusedly granulate.

A. Elytra with very short, scarcely visible, hairs ;

rows of punctures on elytra not very fine and

placed in somewhat impressed strie . . . C. ABIETIS, Ratz.
B. Elytra with long raised hairs ; rows of punctures
on elytra very fine . . C. PIcER, Ratz.

ii. Club of antennz with the sutures ‘strongly curved ;
body behind thorax three times as long as broad;
elytra without strim . . - . »« » « + « « « « CO. FA@l, Word,

C. binodulus, Ratz. (asperatus, var. Gyll., sg. Trypophleus,
Fairm.). Subeylindrical, black or fuscous black, rather shiny, scantily
clothed with greyish scale-like hairs and other short hairs; antennz
and legs pitchy testaceous, club of former often darker than funiculus ;
thorax subtransverse, with the sides slightly rounded, anterior margin
with four prominences in the middle and with concentric rows of
granules, united in places almost into sharp lines; elytra with feeble

Cryphalus.} RHYNCHOPHORA. 431

punctured strie, which are effaced towards suture and moderately dis-
tinct towards sides. L. 1}-1{ mm.

In dead branches of aspen (Populus tremula) and willow; rare, or rather
extremely local; first taken in Britain by Mr. E. W. Janson at Highgate; Forest
Hill (Champion) ; Monmouthshire, very local (Chapman); Wallasey, Cheshire, one
specimen (Ellis) ; Drinkwater Park, Manchester (Reston) ; Scarborough.

Cc. granulatus, Ratz. Very closely allied to the preceding, but
considerably larger, with the funiculus of the antenne and the legs
partially yellow, and the strie of the elytra distinctly punctured near
suture as well as at sides, the first two rows appearing impressed on
their apical declivity. L. 2 mm.

A single specimen was taken by Dr. Power in June, 1867, near Surbiton, Surrey,
and was confirmed as this species by Herr Eichhoff.

C. tilize, Panz. (Ratzeburgi, Ferr.). A small species which, however,
is variable in size ; subcylindrical, fuscous, fuscous brown or yellow-
brown, dull, clothed with fine pale pubescence; antennz and legs
testaceous or pitchy testaceous; thorax with the sides rounded,
with concentric rows of small prominences on their anterior por-
tion ; elytra with fine punctured striz, which are distinct-both near
suture and at sides, often lighter than thorax, and usually lighter at
apex ; mature specimens are brownish-black, with rows of strong grey-
ish pubescence on the elytra ; the species is readily distinguished from
all others found in Britain by the structure of its thorax, the tufted
processes surmounting which are limited to the upper and anterior
part and do not extend to the lateral margins, and are moreover sym-
metrically arranged in four distinct rows placed in transverse curves,
with clear intervals between them ; on the median line the absence of
tufts produces the appearance of a smooth space connecting the outer
spaces. L. 1-1} mm.

On Tilia parvifolia; extremely local; Bridgenorth (Turner) ; Forest of Dean,
Christmas, 1860 (Turner) ; neighbourhood of Lincoln in the bark of a tree called
“bass” by the country people, in numbers (Turner); the locality is mentioned as
“ Fisherwick,” near Lincoln, but I know of no such place; it may perhaps be
‘*Fiskerton”’; the “bass” is abundant in Langworth Wood, and 1 have found
Epurea parvula, &c., in its faggots but have not come across this species.

As remarked by Rye (Ent. Annual, 1866, p. 113), this species is
placed by Redtenbacher in a section of the genus wherein the anterior
margin of the thorax is armed with teeth; and, under a moderately
high power, these teeth can be distinctly seen, assuming the form of
four small, closely-packed, longitudinal ridges, exactly in the middle of
the anterior margin.

C. abietis, Ratz. (s.g. Tenioglyptes, Bedel). Oblong, subcylindrical,
compressed and very convex; fuscous or fuscous-brown, dull, antenne
and legs reddish-brown, club of the former usually darker, rounded at
apex ; thorax subglobular, very finely punctured at sides and behind,

432 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Cryphalus.

front part confusedly granulate ; elytra rather more than double as
long as thorax, with distinct punctured strie, and extremely finely
punctured interstices, covered throughout with extremely short scale-
like hairs, and also very diffusely with short erect hairs, which are
wanting behind; the colour of the antennez and legs is somewhat vari-
able; the species may easily be recognized by the tubercles on the
anterior portion of the thorax being few in number and irregular in their
distribution, and by the regular and comparatively strong rows of punc-
tures and very short pubescence of the elytra. L. 1-25 mm, a

_In dead shoots of the Scotch fir; rare; West. Wickham Wood (Champion) ;
Cowfold (Power); Shipley, near Horsham, Sussex (Gorham); Monmouthshire
(Chapman); Gumley, Leicestershire (where it was first taken in Britain by the

Rev. A. Matthews); Bungay, Suffolk (W. Garneys) ; Bretby Wood, near Repton,
Burton-on-Trent (W. Garneys).° —

C. pices, Ratz. (s.g. Tienioglyptes, Bedel). Very closely allied to
the preceding from which it may be known by having the club of the
antenne acuminate at apex, and the thorax furnished with five or six
crowded rows of granules forming a tolerably broad diamond-shaped
figure ; the elytra, moreover, are furnished with long raised hairs and
the striz are very finely punctured. L. 1} mm.

Under bark of firs; very rare; two specimens have been taken by the Rey. A.

Matthews, near Weston-on-the-Green, Oxon; Claygate, Esher, one specimen
(Power).

C. fagi, Nord. (Thomsont, Ferr., s.g., Ernoporus, Thoms.), Elon-
gate, cylindrical, rather thickly clothed with pale ashy subsquamose
pubescence, black or fuscous black, dull or very slightly shiny,
antenne and legs red or reddish-testaceous, club of former rather
darker ; thorax longer than broad, scabrous and more or less plainly:
tuberculate in front, the tubereulate portion scarcely reaching middle ;
elytra three times as long as broad, very closely and finely punctured,
without striz, or with traces visible at the sides only; tibie narrow;
the elongate form and the scuipture of the thorax and elytra will easily
distinguish the species. L. 14-1$ mm.

In decaying beeches; rare ; Hampstead (Janson) ; Tonbridge (Horner); Wester-
ham, Kent (Gorham) ; New Forest.

PITYOPHTHORDS, Eichhof.

About thirty species are contained in this genus, which are all very
small insects, and live exclusively on Coniferee; the majority are found
in North and South America ; five or six occur in Europe of which one
only, P. micrographus, has hitherto been supposed to inhabit Britain ; it
seems, however, to be now proved that this species has not, as yet,
occurred at all in our country (although it most probably will be found
to be indigenous), and that our specimens must be referred to two

oe eee

Pityophthorus.) RHYNCHOPHORA. 433

species, P. Lichtensteinii and P. pubescens ; itis possible that those now
considered to belong to the former of these species may be proved even-
tually to be distinct, in which case they must stand under the name
P. Scoticus, Sharp in. litt. ; the genus is here taken as including only
the species of Pityophthorus proper and not Tomicus chalcographus,
bidentatus and quadridens, which were associated with it by Ferrari,
but are now included under the new genus Pityogenes, Bedel; the
following description and notes are chiefly taken from Mr. Blandford’s
account of the genus in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. II.
(Second Series), p. 15; the genus, as defined by Eichhoff, presents the
following characters :—antenne with a five-jointed funiculus and an
oval non-compressed club, which is constricted by transverse sutures
dividing it into four distinct joints; thorax as long as or longer than
broad, bordered at base, and distinctly narrowed in front; elytra cylin-
drical with simple rows of punctures, and with impunctate interstices ;
the apex is obliquely truncate, and presents a depression on either side
of the suture ; it is not armed with spines or teeth, but the raised sides
of the apical depression and the sutural margins sometimes possess a row
of small setigerous tubercles.

All our specimens of so-called P. micrographus must really be referred
to P. ramulorum, Perris, which latter insect is synonymous with
the Tomicus pubescens of Marsham; the latter name must therefore
stand,

The three species (including P. micrographus for convenience sake,
and also because it may be mixed with P. pubescens in our collections),
may be distinguished as follows :—

I. Apex of elytra bluntly rounded, not acuminate.
i. Apical depressions of elytra wide and deep, their
surface glabrous and shining; size larger . . P. LICHTENSTEINII, Jats.
ii. Apical depressions of elytra narrow and

II, Elytra acuminate at apex . . . . . « + + (P, MIcROGRAPHUS, Gyll.)

P. Lichtensteinii, Ratz. (? n. sp. Scoticus, Sharp in, litt.). Similar
in size and appearance to a small female of Tomicus bidentatus ; cylin-
drical, convex, shining, pitchy brown or black with dise of thorax and
elytra lighter, with very scanty fine pubescence on frontandsidesof thorax
and sides of elytra. Forehead with strong wriukled punctures, in the male
with a fringe of yellow hairs above the mouth, in the female with a dense
brush of yellow hair, forming a circular patch in the middle of the forehead.
Thorax convex, scarcely longer than broad, strongly narrowed in front,
sides straight to middle, thence sinuate to apex which is strongly
rounded, posterior angles distinct, but rounded, dise impressed on
either side behind middle, covered in front with strong transverse asper-
ations, the posterior half very shining, with somewhat diffuse punctures,
deep in male, finer in female, with a broad smooth central line ; scutel-

TOL. VY. rf

434 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Pityophthorus,

lum small, depressed, shining ; elytra as wide as thorax and less than
twice as long, with humeral angles rounded, sides straight to near apex
which is bluntly rounded, moderately shining, with rows of rather deep
punctures, interstices impunctate, the inner ones subrugose transversely,
especially round scutellum; sutural stria impressed throughout its
length; apical impressions wide and deep, with their central portion
glabrous and shining, and their lateral margins abruptly raised and
bearing five or six setigerous tubercles, as also do the sutural margins
which are slightly raised at the apical declivity; underside thinly
pubescent ; femora and tibie pitchy brown, tarsi and antenne testa-
ceous. L, 2-24 mm.

Under bark of Scotch firs, &.; rare, Scotland, Dee and Moray districts,
Braemar, &e.

The points in which this species appears to differ from the continental
P. Lichtensteinii are its greater size, the more abundant and yellower
frontal pubescence, the greater narrowing of the thorax in front, and its
more sparse and less rugose punctuation behind; these hardly seem,
however, to be sufficient to justify its separation as a distinct species.

P. pubescens, Marsh. (ramulorwm, Perris ; micrographus, Brit. Cat.
nec Gyll.). Somewhat elongate, pitchy or pitchy-ferruginous, shining,
with thin grey pubescence, antenne and legs testaceous or reddish,
femora and tibiz sometimes with a fuscous tinge ; head in female with
a conspicuous brush of greyish-yellow hair ; thorax as long as, or slightly
longer than, broad, narrowed towards apex, which is rounded, scabrous
and dull in front, finely and sparingly punctured and shining behind,
with a smooth central line, the punctures being large and deep, base
distinctly bordered ; scutellum distinct ; elytra cylindrical, with con-
spicuous rows of strong punctures, interstices with slight transverse
wrinkles, sutural stria not impressed, suture slightly raised at apex with
a narrow, somewhat rounded, depression on either side, the lateral walls
of which are only slightly raised and are punctured by the continuation
of the strize of the elytra and are not furnished with conspicuous setigerous
tubercles. L. 13-15 mm.

Several authors assign the villose forehead to the male, but it appears
to be characteristic of the female.

In dead branches of Scotch fir; local, but common wheré it occurs; London
district, Kent and Surrey, not uncommon; Kew, Shirley, Esher, Forest Hill,
Woking, West Wickham, Faversham, Birch Wood, Wimbledon, Farnham, Kings.
gate, &c.; Hertford; Shipley, near Horsham; Hastings district; Bournemouth ;
New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton; Monmouthshire, rare; Malvern, Old Hills, bred by
myself in early summer in great abundance from small twigs collected from the
ground under fir trees in January ; Leominster; Repton; Burton-on-Trent; Ire-
land, Bray, Co. Wicklow; the Scotch records appear to apply to the preceding
species,

(P. micrographus, Gyll. Elongate, cylindrical, reddish or pitchy

Pityophthorus.) RHYNCHOPHORA. 435

brown, moderately shining, antenne and legs reddish brown; thorax
longer than broad, hardly narrowed in front, apex bluntly rounded,
anterior exasperations concentrically disposed, punctuation of hinder
part fine and scattered ; elytra produced at apex—not obtusely rounded
—with fine punctuation ; the apical depressions are distinct, deep and
rather dull, with their outer margins raised, convex and shining, without
punctures, but with distinct seiigerous tubercles, which are also prea
on the raised sutural margins. L. 13-1} mm.

As before remarked, no authentic British specimens of this species are
known, as all that have hitherto been examined must be referred to one
of the two preceding ; it is, however, very probable that it exists in our
collections ; it is especially attached to the spruce-fir.

The longer shape, brighter colour, and finer punctuation, as well as the
acuminate elytra will distinguish this insect from either of the other
s
a ate of the genus can be taken in localities where they occur,
by examining the smaller terminal shoots and branches of Conifer
brushwood ; most of the species breed in these and do not touch the
bark of large branches; P. micrographus, however, appears to be an
exception to this rule.

xX YLOCLEPTES, Ferrari.

This genus contains three species, one of which is found in Europe,
and the others have been described from Venezuela and Bogota;
X. bispinus, the single European species, is exclusively attached to
species of Clematis ; it may be known by having the second joint of the
club of the antennz crescent-shaped and completely embracing the sides
of the first; the funiculus is five-jointed ; the scutellum is indistinct,
and the apical portion of the elytra is strongly inflexed in the male and
feebly inflexed in the female.

X. bispinus, Duft. Cylindrical, chestnut brown, shining, clothed
with rather scanty long upright greyish hairs, which are very distinctly
visible if the insect is viewed sideways ; thorax longer than broad,
scabrous in front, with the angles rounded ; scutellum scarcely dis-
tinct; elytra with moderately fine and rather close punetured striz.
L. 9-33 mm.

Male with the thorax shining and diffusely punctured behind ; apex
of ales much inflexed, raised at suture and armed with a large sharp
too

Female with the thorax dull and shagreened behind, except on the
central line; apex of elytra feebly inflexed with the suture and raised
edges projecting and finely tuberculate.

In dead stems of Clematis Vitalba; local; London district, common, Sektahons,
Darenth, Cobbam, Reigate, Caterham, Bearstead, Chatham, Gravesend ; Henley
St. Peter’ s, Kent; Eastbourne; Serge district ; Isle of Wight; ‘Glanvilles

;

436 RHYNOHOPHORA, [| Xylocleptes.

Wootton ; Bath, in profusion by beating clematis; Monmouthshire and Hereford.
shire ; Malvern ; Sutton, near Birmingham ; Robin’s Wood, Repton, near Burton-on-
Trent, I know of no localities further north,

DRYOCZEETES, Eichhoff,

This genus contains about a dozen or thirteen species which are widely
distributed; six or seven of these occur in Europe and the remainder
inhabit North and South America from Alaska to Brazil; one or two
have been described from India; Eichhoff has separated off D. bicolor,
Herbst., and D. villifrons, Duft., as a distinct genus Taphrorychus ; the
species, with the exception of D. villosus, are extremely scarce ; the chief
character that has been used in distinguishing the species ‘lies in the
sculpture of the hinder part of the thorax, but as a matter of fact it is
often very difficult to make out whether it is closely punctured or granu-
late, and this is proved by authors often using directly opposite terms
in speaking of the same species ; thus in two descriptions before me, one
author says of the common D. villosus, “ thorax punctured throughout,”
while the other partly distinguishes it from D. autographus by the fact
that the thorax is shagreened towards the base, whereas in the last-
named species it is punctured,

The genus may be distinguished by having the prosternum furnished
with a sharp and distinct angular process between the anterior coxa and
the elytra not excavate at apex which is applied to the abdomen; the
scutellum is distinct and the base of the thorax is not bordered ; the
club of the antennz has the sutures straight and the funiculus is five-
jointed ; the tibim are more or less dilated; the thorax is usually
scabrous in front but not strongly so, and the elytra are furnished with
rows of punctures which are sometimes very regular and placed in
impressed strize and sometimes more or less irregular with the strie
scarcely marked.

I, Upper surface with long villose pubescence ; form

ia sar length 23-4 mm.
. Satural strie of elytre not deeply impressed;

suture not raised; size larger . D. AUTOGRAPHUS, Ratz.
ii, Sutural strice of elytra deeply impressed and sulci-
form behind; suture raised; sizesmaller . . . D,. VI~Losus, F.

Il. Upper surface with comparatively short and much
less distinct pubescence ; form narrower; length
34-24 mm.
i. Thorax granulate in front, granulately sculptured
and dull behind ; elytra with distinct strie, and the
interstices more finely punctured than the strie . D, ALNI, Georg.
(Marshami, Rye).
ii, Thorax granulate in front, rather diffusely and
very distinctly punctured behind; elytra uni-
formly punctured without distinct strie . « « D. CoBYLI, Perris,

The last mentioned species appears to be very probably synonymous
with the Lymantor sepicola of Léwendal ; the genus Lymantor has been

Dryoceetes. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 437

discussed above (pp. 426, 427), and may perhaps have to be adopted ;
the differences, however, appear to be very slight as given by Léwendal
in the second part of his paper; after giving a description he writes as
follows :—-* Cum hae specie que ad similitudinem Dryocete coryli
(mihi ignoti) proxime accedere videtur, characteres generis Dryocete, qui
a scriptoribus afferuntur, mimime congruunt ; differt enim nova hxc
species et clava plane integra et quinto articulo funiculi variante, sepe
eyanido, et diversa. prothoracis sculptura. ?
Quare non potui quin novum genus constituerem.

* Quodsi postea apparuerit, hoc genus a genere Dryocetarum distingui

; non posse, necesse erit characteres generis Dryocetz aliter definire.

* Ne deseriptiones quidem speciei, que appellatur coryli, quas Perris

| et Eichhoff confecerunt, inter se plane concinunt, et haud scio an illi

diversas species ante oculos habuerint.”

It is therefore quite obvious, as Mr. Blandford remarks in a note to me
in which he kindly furnished me with the above quotation, that Lowen-
dal is not sure that his species is distinct from D. coryli, and it is
therefore hardly safe at present to say that his genus Lymantor contains
two distinct species.

D. autographus, Ratz. (septentrionis, Mannh.), Oblong, cylin-
drical, shining, clothed with long pale villose pubescence, of a uniform
reddish brown colour, antennee and legs reddish-testaceous or clear red;
thorax longer than broad, with the sides very slightly rounded and
gently and slightly narrowed in front, closely and rather strongly pune-
tured, the sculpture being close and slightly rough on the anterior
margin which is dull; occasionally there are feeble traces of a central
line; scutellum distinct ; elytra parallel-sided, with strong punctured
strie, interstices distinctly punctured in rows, apex entire, sutural strize
not impressed or sulcate ; legs rather stout. L,. 33-4 mm.

Under bark of stumps and dead trunks of firs; taken in some numbers by Mr.

_ Lawson near Scarborough, who first found it in the beginning of April, 1869, in

“some young larch trees in a fir plantation about a mile and a half from that town;

from the appearance of the trees it must have been very abundant in the previous
year.

D. villosus, F. Smaller than the preceding, and clothed with
longer and stouter hairs ; oblong, rather shining, covered with very long
pale villose pubescence, which will easily distinguish the species; of a
uniform reddish-brown colour, antennz and legs red or reddish-testaceous ;
thorax longer than broad, very closely shagreened or granulately punc-
tured (Thomson calls the sculpture “ imbricate-punctuate ”), the anterior
portion being rougher and duller than the posterior, sides rounded and
gradually narrowed in front ; scutellum distinct ; elytra with rather deep
and strongly punctured striz, interstices narrow with rows of somewhat
strong punctures, apex somewhat inflexed, sutural strie suleate behind

438 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Dryocetes,

and suture raised ; tibie less dilated than in the preceding species.
L, 23-33} mm.

In decaying oaks ; also sometimes in chestnuts and holly ; common and generally
distributed from the Midland districts southwards; abundant in Sherwood Forest ;
Manchester and Liverpool districts; apparently less common further north and
scarce in the extreme northern counties of England; Northumberland and Durham
district ; ‘ Gibside, in oak bark, August” (Bold); not recorded from Scotland ; it
probably occurs in Ireland. )

D. alni, Georg. (Marshami, Rye ; Bulmerinequt, Kol,, teste Sharp ;
1 fuscus, Marsham (Rye) ). Oblong, almost cylindrical, pitchy black,
with the elytra lighter, antennze and legs ferruginous ; upper surface
clothed with fine and scanty pale hairs, which are more conspicuous
and arranged in rows behind ; thorax, except on a smooth central line
at base, dull, with transverse granulations which are distinct at apex and
become feebler towards base, which is granulately sculptured and not
punctured ; elytra rather shining, parallel-sided, with distinct and
rather strongly and closely punctured striw, interstices with much less
close rows of punctures, rather abruptly rounded and scarcely visibly
reflexed, and without tubercles, at apex; the species, which is about
equal to P. bidentatus in its average size, is, compared with 7. bicolor,
less hairy, narrower, with the thorax behind not so shining and granu-
late instead of punctured (the latter character, however, being somewhat
hard to distinguish), and with the elytra not nearly so evidently
flattened behind at apex. L. 23-3} mm.

Under bark of decayed beech trees; rare; first taken by Mr. Morley in beech
trees lying on the ground in a wood near Prestwich, Manchester, in February, 1866 ;

Weybridge, Surrey, and Yardley, near Birmingham (Blatch); Drinkwater
Park, Manchester (Reston) ; Agecroft, near Manchester, and Wilmslow, Cheshire

(Chappell).

D. coryli, Perris (Lymantor sepicola? Lowendal). Elongate,
narrow, cylindrical, shining, pitchy-black, pitchy-brown or brownish
red, with the thorax often lighter in front, antenne and legs reddish
yellow ; upper surface with rather scanty pubescence ; thorax consider-
ably longer than broad, closely granulate and dull in front, rather
diffusely and distinctly punctured behind with an impunctate central
line, sides straight or almost straight ; elytra obliquely reflexed at apex,
somewhat impressed near suture behind, without distinct strie but with
rows of moderately strong punctures which are often more or less irregu-
lar. L. 12-2 mm.

In dead branches and twigs of hazel and hornbeam ; rare; Darenth (Kent), and
Ashtead (Surrey) (Champion) ; Darenth (Sharp and Rye); Darenth, Birch Wood
and Weybridge (Power) ; Kidderminster (Blatch). :

TAPHRORYCHUS, Lichhoff.

This genus may be distinguished from Dyyocwtes by the simple
orbicular club of the antennz, which has curved transverse sutures on

Taphrorychus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 439

both sides and is not hairy at apex; the funiculus:is much shorter
than the club; the mentum is oblong quadrate and the submentum
.is not visible; the tibie are straight and sublinear with the apex
obliquely truncate ; in Dryocetes the club of the antenne is truncate,
being truncate at apex with the basal joint corneous and the remaining
joints lying within it ; the flat surface at apex is set with bristles ; the
funiculus is as long as the club ; the mentum is broadly cordate and the
submentum is large and concave anteriorly ; the tibie are spathulate
with the apex rounded. The genus contains the species J. bicolor and
T. villifrons ; T. Bulmerinequi may be identical with T. bicolor, but is
probably distinct ; it has been represented as synonymous with both
the last-mentioned species.

T. bicolor, Herbst. (/uscus, Marsh.? Bulmerinequi, Kol. ),
Elongate, cylindrical, pitch black or brown, with rather scanty and
moderately long whitish grey hairs; antennz and legs pale yellow
brown ; thorax longer than broad, with the anterior half rather strongly
granulate, especially in front, hinder portion very closely punctured,
sides slightly rounded from base to apex; elytra with distinet and
rather strongly punctured striz, smooth and without tubercular
asperities at apex, which in the male is reflexed and raised at the
suture. L. 2-23 mm.

In decaying oaks ; very rare; Down, near Beckenham, Kent (Crotch); Darenth
Wood (Champion); the Zomicus fuscus of Marsham (with which this insect has
been, by some authors, identified), is recorded by Stephens as from the London
district, Devonshire, Cornwall and Swansea, but Stephens’ insect does not appear to
be really the same as Marsham’s, and cannot be referred to the present species. Mr.
Waterhouse seems to be of opinion that the T. fuscus of Marsham may be Xylocleptes
bispinus, and a part, at all events, of Stephens’ 7. fuscus are nothing but Pityogenes
bidentatus (Tomicus bidens).

TOMICUS, Laireille (Ips, De Geer ; Bostrychus, Herbst.).

This genus, regarded as including Pityogenes, which has only recently
been separated off by Bedel, contains about sixty species which are
widely distributed in Europe, Asia, North, Central and South America,
the Australian region, &c.; they may be easily distinguished from
Dryocates by having the elytra excavate at apex and from Pityogenes
by the fact that the prosternum is furnished with a sharp and distinct
angular process between the anterior coxe ; the species appear to attack
exclusively pines and other Conifere and sometimes do considerable
damage on the continent; the ravages of 7. typographus have been
before alluded to (p. 425); the larvee of Tomicus are formed as in Scoly-
tus and Hylesinus, but the pupe of the first-mentioned genus are
terminated by two spines, whereas in the two latter the apex is simple;
the parent beetles lay their eggs in a central gallery and the larve eat
galleries at right angles to this, forming strongly marked patterns which
have earned for them the name of “ typographers.”

Many species of Tomicus are polygamous, and by these instead of the

440 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Tomicus,

usual ‘‘typograph” in the bark, there is formed a stellate system radi-
ating from a breeding-chamber (Rammel-kammer).

The most efficacious way of proceeding against the ravages of Tomicus
typographus is by the establishment of ‘‘ fangbaiimen ;” that is, by ring-
ing the trunks of a number of trees selected at intervals in the forest,
shortly before the flight-time of the inseets ; these trees will be selected
as breeding-places and may then be cut down, and the bark with the
contained broods destroyed. There may be as many as three generations
of Tcmicus typographus in the year, with favourable weather ; it is
therefore imperative to see that the trees thus prepared are punctually
destroyed before the insects have time to develop.

Of the fourteen or fifteen European species five are found in Britain;
theseemay be distinguished as follows:— .

I. Posterior excavation of elytra not abrupt, usually
very oblique, and occupying from a third to a half
of the suture.
i. Posterior excavation of elytra with six teeth on
each side, the three upper ones being small and
the fourth the largest; length 53-8 mm.. . ,. . T. SEXDENTATUS, Bérn,
(stenographus, Duft.).
fi. Posterior excavation of elytra with four teeth
on each side, the uppermost one being often in-
distinct, and the third the largest; length 44-5}
mm.’ og fe 8 et ee ween ie ee eee ae ee
iii. Posterior excavation of elytra intermediate in ;
abruptness between the two preceding and the two
following species, with three teeth on each side,
the lowest one being the largest. . . . . . . TT, ACUMINATUS, Gy/l.
II. Posterior excavation of elytra abrupt occupying only
the apex of the elytra.
i, Elytra with more strongly punctured strie and
with the posterior excayation larger and more
strongly toothed at the sides; club of antenne
rounded at apex, with the sutures between its joints
straights 0. ~ &) felis, od ge" 16. le oh ier betes Rae ROE ET
ii. Elytra with less strongly punctured strie and
with the posterior excavation smaller and less
strongly toothed at the sides; club of antennse
subtruncate at apex, with the sutures between its
joints curved . . . +s 2 © «© © e « 6 » Je NIGRITUS, Gyil,

T. sexdentatus, Born. (stenographus, Duft.; typographus, Steph.
nec L.). A large and ccnspicuous species; pitchy black with the
elytra reddish brown, but variable in colour, somewhat immature speci-
mens being lighter and often entirely testaceous, shining, clothed with
very long yellowish grey villose pubescence, which is thicker at sides
and extremities; antenne and legs ferruginous; thorax large, longer
than broad, scabrous in front, diffusely and finely punctured behind ;
elytra only a little longer than thorax, with deep punctured stri, inter-
stices smooth on disc, rugose at sides and apex, apex excavated, the
excavation being oblique and occupying from a third to a half of the

Tomicus.] RHYNCHOPHORA, 441

suture, cireular and shining, and furnished with six teeth on each side,
of which the fourth from the upper surface is the largest. L. 53-7
mm,

In fallen or recently dead firs; rare; London district and Swansea (Stephens) ;
Dukinfield, Manchester district, in some numbers (Chappell).

T. typographus, L. (octodentatus, Payk.). Smaller than the pre-
ceding, pitchy black, but variable in colour, sometimes being light brown
or testaceous, rather shining, clothed with long greyish-yellow villose
pubescence ; antennz and legs ferruginous; thorax longer than broad,
scabrous in front, finely punctured behind ; elytra with deeply punctured
strie, and the apical excavation of the elytra much as in the preceding
species, but dull and furnished on each side with four teeth, the third
being the largest, and the first or uppermost being often indistinct ; the
sutural strie of the elytra are broader behind than in the preceding
species and transversely rugose. L, 43-5} mm.

_ Under the bark of various Conifer (Abies, Picea, Pinus, &c.); fortunately this
pest is very scarce in Britain; London district (Stephens); Hyde, Cheshire
(Chappell) ; Scarborough.

T. acuminatus, Gyll. Rufo-piceous, shining, clothed with pale
_ pilose pubescence ; antennz and legs testaceous; thorax longer than
broad, scabrous in front and distinctly punctured behind; elytra
searcely longer than thorax, with rather fine punctured strie, interstices
with rows of smaller punctures, posterior excavation occupying less of
suture than in the two preceding species, but less abrupt than in thé
two following, shining, punctured, with three teeth on each side, the
lowest one being the largest ; in the female the third tooth is bent into
a hook ; the fine striz of the elytra and the formation of the posterior
excavation will easily separate this species from all the others.
L, 4 mm.

Under bark of firs and pines; local; Robin’s Wood, Repton (W. Garneys) ;
Dukinfield, Manchester district (Chappell) ; Scotland, Forth, Tay and Dee districts
(Braemar, Aviemore, Rannoch, &c.),

fT. laricis, F. Oblong, pitchy black, or reddish, sometimes reddish-
testaceous, rather shining, clothed with pale pilose pubescence ; antenna
ferruginous, rounded at apex, sutures between the joints straight; legs
ferruginous ; thorax longer than broad, scabrous in front, rather closely
and strongly punctured behind ; elytra with very deep punctured stria,
posterior excavation very abrupt, and only occupying apex, dull and
rugosely punctured, with two or three teeth on each side situated at a
little distance from the raised margins which are denticulate ; in the
female these teeth are larger and sharper. L. 33-4} mm.

Under bark of larches, firs and pines; local; London district, not common,

Shirley, Leith Hill, Mickleham, Headley Lane, Esher, Westerham, Midhurst ;
Windsor ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Monmouthshire ; Robin’s Wood, Repton ; Sherwood

442 RUYNCHOPHORA, [Tomicus.

Forest; Liverpool district; Dunham Park and Dukinfield, Manchester district
(Chappell) ; Scotland, Forth and. Dee districts; the species extends to Siberia.

T. nigritus, Gyll. (sutwralis, Gyll.2). Very closely allied to the
preceding from which it differs in being, on an average, slightly smaller,
with the pilose pubescence white, and the punctured striw of the elytra
less strong, and also by having the posterior excavation less extensive,
more obsoletely punctured, and less strongly denticulated at the sides,
and the club of the antenne subtruncate at apex instead of rounded,
with the divisions of the joints curved instead of straight. The female
has the posterior excavation of the elytra denticulated at the sides, with
three larger sharp teeth, whilst in the male the apex is pitchy red and
the sides of the excavation are crenulate and the teeth are smaller,
L. 4 mm.

Under bark of Conifers (firs, pines, &.) ; very rare ; Scotland, Moray district,

Strath Glass, Inverness-shire (Sharp) ; Mr. Chappell also records it from Dukinfield
in the Manchester district, but this may be in error,

It is very possible that 7’. amitinus, Eich. (xylographus, Redt.) may
be found mixed with 7’, typographus in British collections ; it may be
distinguished by its smaller size (4-45 mm.) and the following
characters: thorax more narrowed in front, dorsal interstices of the
elytra flat and somewhat rugose with a distinct row of punctures ;
apical concavity of elytra shiny with scattered rugose punctures: in
T. typographus the dorsal interstices of the elytra are convex smooth
and impunetate ; the last-mentioned insect is more attached to the pine ~
than J’, amitinus which is, as a rule, a spruce feeder.

PITYOGENES, Bedel.

This new genus contains three species only, which are separated from
Tomicus by the fact that the prosternum has no intercoxal process, and
that the females have a deep impression at the apex of the elytra near
suture ; in the males only the apex is excavate and is furnished with
streng teeth ; the tibize are linear and have no furrows for the reception
of the tarsi, a point that will distinguish them from Xyleborus, while
from Xylocleptes they may be known by the distinct scutellum and the
shape of the second joint of the antenne ; they appear to be somewhat
closely allied to Pityophthorus and have been included under that genus
by several authors, but the absence of an intercoxal process to the pro-
sternum and of a basal border to the thorax will serve to-separate them.
I. Sides of elytra smooth behind; male with the in-

ternal margin of each elytron armed behind with

three equidistant teeth ; forehead of female with a

deep impression 2 4 +s « 6 6 # » « «6 «
II. Sides of elytra punctured to apex; forehead of

female always convex.

i. Body behind thorax twice as long as broad;

P, cnatcocrapnuts, Z,

Pityogenes.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 443

male with the terminal excavation of the elytra
terminated behind with small setigerous erenu-
SROMMERDIRM snk oo cd Oe mL. 6t, Lem 8) 6) tae
ii. Body behind thorax two and a half times as long
as broad ; male with the terminal excavation of
the elytra without setigerous crenulations . . P. QUADRIDENSs, Hart.

P. BIDENTATUS, Herbst.

The following character is given for Section II. by some authors :—
** Male with the internal margin of each elytron armed behind with a
very small tooth, followed bya large somewhat curved spine”; in
P. bidentatus, however, this tooth does not occur in the type form, but
oniy in certain specimens which must be referred to the var. B. of
Fichhoff’s monograph ; the same applies to P. qguadridens ; the small
third tooth is not found in the type; there is a larger form with the
three teeth on each elytron (P. bistridentatus, Eich.) which has been
thought to be a distinct species ; the females of P. bidentaius and P,
quadridens have small tubercles bearing hairs instead of the large teeth
in the males, and in the latter species the female often has a thick
greyish mass of hairs clothing the forehead ; it is, however, doubtful
whether the two species are really distinct.

A confusion regarding the sexes has sometimes arisen; Eichhoff in
his monograph ‘“ Ratio Tomicinorum, 1878,” follows Thomson and
Chapuis and calls the toothed forms the female ; in his ‘‘ Europaischen
Borkenkafer, 1881,” he corrects this, and says he does so after micro-
scopical examination of the generative organs, and also because the
details of their life history require it as formerly shown by Ratzeburg;
this appears to settle the question.

P. chalcographus, L. Reddish-brown, with the thorax and base
of elytra pitchy, or entirely reddish-brown, shining, with scanty
pubescence ; antennz and legs testaceous ; thorax longer than broad,
scabrous in front, finely and rather closely punctured behind, with a
central line and the side portions of the punctured space smooth; elytra
with very fine punctured strie which are almost obsolete on dise, and
wanting at sides towards apex, apical impression near suture deep and
broad and furnished on each side with three tubercles, of which the first
is situated a little behind the middle. L. 13-2 mm.

Under bark of firsand pines ; not common; Mickleham (Power) ; London district,

old pines (Stephens); Scarborough ; Northumberland and Durham district, « Sunder-
land,” Rey. R. Kirwood ; Scotland, very local, Clyde district (Glasgow).

P. bidentatus, Herbst. (didens, F.). Pitchy-black, rather shining,
clothed with fine and scanty pale pubescence ; antenne ferruginous ;
legs fuseo-testaceous ; thorax longer than broad, scabrous in front,
rather strongly punctured behind, with a narrow elevated central line
and a round space at sides smooth; elytra with punctured striz at
sides and rows of rather large punctures on disc, interstices with rows of
smaller punctures, . L, 2-25 mm.

444 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Pityogenes.

Male with the apex of the elytra strongiy inflexed and with the
internal margin of the excavation of the elytra bordered with slight
setigerous erenulations, sare

Under bark of firs and pines, especially in dead fir branches; local, but not uncom-
mon in many districts and widely distributed; Londoa district, not uncommon,
Esher, Horsell, Weybridge, Shirley; Hastings district; Holm Wood; Glanvilles
Wootton; Chat Moss; Robins Wood, Repton; Lincoln; Northumberland and
Darham district ; Scotland, common in bark of fir logs, Solway, Tweed, Forth, Clyde,
Tay, Dee and Moray districts.

P. quadridens, Hart. Very closely allied to the preceding, of
which it has by some authors been regarded as a variety; it is, how-
ever, smaller on an average, and may be distinguished by having the
punctuation of the thorax finer and more scattered, and by the finer
pubescence of the elytra and the feebler rows of punctures on their
disc ; the body behind thorax is two and a half times as long as broad ;
the male has four distinct teeth at the apex of the elytra, two at the
summit of the apical declivity which are large and hooked and two
rather more than half way down it, but not as far down as the apex ;
the border between these two teeth is not crenulate and is quite devoid
of setigerous tubercles, which are always present in P, bidentatus ; the
female has four small tubercles in the situation of the male teeth,
L, 13-25 mm.

Under bark of pine; rare; Scotland, Tay, Dee and Orkney districts; Rannoch
(Turner); Orkney (Syme).

TRYPODENDRON, Stephens (Xyloterws, Er.).

This genus contains about a dozen species which are almost confined
to the Northern hemisphere and have chiefly been described from Europe
and North America; one or two appear to be somewhat doubtful; a
single species is recorded by Wollaston from the Canary Islands ; they
are small cylindrical insects, with the head and thorax more or less
dark, and the elytra testaceous, with or without longitudinal dark bands,
and almost glabrous except towards apex; they may be known by
having the eyes entirely divided and the club of the antenne without
sutures; the funiculus is four-jointed; the scutellum is moderately
large, and the second abdominal segment is rather long ; the maJes have
the forehead excavate and the thorax transverse, whereas in the female
the forehead is convex and the thorax almost globose; the perfect
insects bore circular galleries perpendicularly into the limbs of fallen
trees, appearing to prefer the hard and solid wood; they are, in con-
sequence, somewhat difficult to obtain ; they may be seen sitting with
their heads just projecting from the galleries, but at the least alarm
they drop back into them, ‘The three British species may be divided as
follows :—

Trypodendron. | RHYNOHOPHORA. 445

I. Apical declivity of elytra with a very distinct furrow on
each near suture; elytra without distinct longitudinal
streaks at sides; thorax black . . . 2. 26 +» «© es

II. Apical declivity of elytra without, or with an in-
distinct, furrow on each near suture; elytra with more

_ or less distinct longitudinal streaks at sides; thorax more
or less red, at all events behind.

i. Elytra with the punctured striz moderately deep ; club

of antenne subsecuriform, straight on one side and

somewhat rounded onthe other . ... .. . . QT. Quercus, Fich.-

= (signatum, F.)
ii. Elytra with the punctured strie superficial; club of
antennz rounded on both sidesand at apex . . . . T. LINEATUM, Ol.

T. DoMEsticum, L.

T. domesticum, L. Subcylindrical, shining, clothed with scanty
pale pubescence and long pilose hairs, which are very distinct if viewed
sideways; at first sight, however, the insect appears to be almost
glabrous; head and thorax black, antenne testaceous or reddish-
testaceous with the club subsecuriform, straight on one side and some-
what rounded on the other; thorax very convex, nearly as long as
broad, plainly tuberculate in front, shagreened or granulately rugose at
base; scutellum distinct; elytra livid testaceous or pale griseous-
yellow, with the suture and lateral margins black, with regular fine
punctured striz, interstices obsoletely punctured in more or less evident
rows, sutural strie deeper behind ; legs black, with the tarsi red. L.
23-3} mm.

Male with the forehead broadly and deeply excavate, and the villose
hairs on the anterior margin of the thorax thicker and longer.

Female with the forehead convex and the thorax more strongly
asperate,

In the dead wood of beech, alder, maple, birch, holly, oak, and probably other
trees; local; Mickleham; Shirley; Westerham, Kent; Brasted, Surrey ; Hastings
district ; New Forest; Dean Forest; Sutton, near Birmingham; Hopwas Wood,
‘Tamworth ; Sherwood Forest; Stretford and Dunham Park, Manchester; Scar-
borough, in solid wood of dead holly (R. Lawson) ; Northumberland and Durham
district ; Scotland, rare, Solway, Dee and Moray districts; Ireland, Westport, Co.
Mayo (J. J. Walker).

T. quercus, Eich. (signatum, F.). Very like the preceding in
general appearance, but with the elytra of a less livid testaceous colour,
and the thorax always more or less red, at all events behind; it may
easily be distinguished by having a broad longitudinal dark band be-
tween the suture and side margins, which is sometimes much abbre-
viated or divided and sometimes only visible at apex, but is rarely
absent ; the apical declivity of the elytra has no furrow near suture ;
the striz of the elytra are also more distinctly punctured, and the legs
are red or brownish red; the club of the antenne is shaped much as in
T. domesticum. L. 34 mm.

In dead wood of oak, beech, birch, maple, lime, &c.; not common, or rather very
local ; it. oceurs in considerable numbers in Sherwood Forest, where it has been

446 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Trypodendror.

taken by Mr. Matthews, Mr. Blatch, myself and others ; I have records from Scotland,
but they probably apply to the next species, and I have also a record from the
Manchester district for T. lineatuim, which must most probably be referred to this
species,

T. lineatum, O]. Very closely allied to the preceding, with
which it has been often confused, as it strongly resembles it in colour
and general appearance ; it is, however, smaller and may be known by
the shape of the club of the antenne, which is rounded on both sides
and at apex ; the sculpture of the thorax is very much finer, the anterior
tubercles being much smaller and more depressed, and the pubescence is
more scanty and shorter ; the punctures of the strie on the elytra are
finer, the interstices are not rugose (in J. quwercus they are finely
wrinkled), and the general lineation is less dark and less defined, L
23-3 mm.

In bark of fir logs; not common, or rather very local ;,Scotland, Tay and Dee
districts (Braemar and Rannoch),

XYLEBORWUS, Eichhoff.

This genus contains about seventy or eighty species which are very
widely distributed throughout the greater part of the world, representa-
tives occurring in Europe, Asia, North, Central and South America,
South Africa, the Australian region, Tahiti, &c.; they vary consider-
ably in general appearance and are in many cases remarkable for the
great difference in the sexes; this is very noticeable in X, dispar as its
name implies; about nine species occur in Europe, of which three are
found in Britain ; the males are by far the scarcer of the two sexes and, asa
rule, are comparatively seldom met with ; the species are usually supposed
to bore galleries into the sap wood of the trees they are attached to, but
some of them inhabit various trees ; Mr. Blandford has kindly sent me
the following note on the genus :—

“The species do not merely live in the sapwood but burrow deeply
into the tree ; certain exotic ones follow the habits of Anobiide and live
in such various substances as sugar-cane, corks, bamboos, &c. I have
specimens of XY. perforans (Woll.). from sugar-cane and cacao tree, and
Wollaston has found it in corks, the stems of Jatrophea, &e.

‘The males do not leave the spot where they are bred and where they
impregnate the females; the small assemblages of males sometimes found
are widowers whose wives have deserted them. The males are much
rarer than the females; in sugar-cane from S. Vincent I have found
between two and three hundred examples of X. perforans among which .
was one solitary male ; and Mr, Waterhouse has found much the same in
the same species.”

The chief characters of the genus are as follows :—tibie broad,
more or less serrate and furnished with furrows for the reception of the
tarsi which are rather short ; prosternum excised as far as the cox and

Xylebcrus.] RHYNCHOPHORA. 447

furnished with a very short process; thorax rough in front and not
margined behind ; elytra without an impressed line along suture, with the
apex not excavated but slightly reflexed, furnished with more or less
distinct tubercles, which are sometimes almost obsolete ; punctured
strie distinct, interstices closely and rather finely punctured in rows ;
eyes emarginate ; the club of the antenne has the sutures very slightly
curved and the funiculus is five-jointed.

The males are so different from the females that I have followed
Bedel’s arrangement and given a table for each sex ; in the former the
elytra are much shorter in proportion to the thorax, and in each case the
wings are developed in the females, whereas in the males they are
atrophied and obsolete; this fact probably has a great deal to do with
their scarcity in proportion to the females ; it appears to be a somewhat
strange reversal of the ordinary rule, (of which we have many examples
both among the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, and, to a certain extent,
among the Hymenoptera also), that the female is the sex in which the
wings are rudimentary or wanting.

Mates.
I. Thorax rounded, rather flat, elytra globular or sub-
globular, convex. . Me de Har ee X. DisPaR, F.

II. Thorax and elytra oblong.
i. Upper surface of thorax Lroadly concave in
front and terminated on its anterior border BS, a

short horn-like projection. . . X. DRYOGRAPHUS, Ratz.
ii. _Upper : surface of thorax without excavation 0 or pr o-
jection in front... 5 ww we we te SCX. Saxesuns, Rals,
FEMALES.

I. Form broader, oblong; elytra about one and a
half times as long as broad; thorax with the sides
amore or less rounded (Anisandrus, Ferr.).. . X. DIsPaR, F.
IL Form narrower, subcylindrical; elytia at least
twice as long as broad; thorax with the sides sub-
parallel,
i. aren part of thorax distinctly and somewhat
ly punctured, rather shining; apical
declivity of elytra without, or S30 without,
tubercles . . . X. DRYOGRAPHUS, Ratz.
ii. Hinder part of thorax impunctate or almost
impunetate, rather dull; apical declivity of
elytra with distinct tubercles mart in ae
dinal rows . foe. (ee. (6 o * -s >@ b - SAXESENT, Ratz.

%. dispar, F. (thoracicus, uae 9 Ratzeburgi, Kol.). Short and
load, clothed with rather long yellowish or greyish-yellow pubescence,
shining, black or pitchy-black, with the elytra castaneous or pitchy-red,
antenne and legs testaceous, femora and tibie often darker; thorax
scabrous and tuberculate in front, finely punctured and almost smooth
behind ; elytra with regular punctured striz, interstices closely and

44.8 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Xyleborus.

finely punctured ; elytra simply reflexed at apex and armed with a few
very small tubercles. L, 23-3} mm,

Male smaller with the thorax almost round, disciform, and depressed
and more finely scabrous in front ; elytra subglobose, but depressed on
middle of disc towards base; tibiz scarcely dilated. L. 25 mm.

Female larger, oblong, subparallel, with thesides of thorax subparallel be-
hind, and the dise very convex ; the front part also is much more strongly
scabrous ; elytra oblong ; tibie more strongly dilated. L, 3-3} mm.

“Tn decaying oaks, &c. ; female very rare, male extremely rare ; Chobham, Surrey,
one specimen (Saunders) ; New Forest (Turner); the single male in Dr. Power’s
collection was taken by Turner in the New Forest, on October 10th, 1867 ; very few
British examples of this sex are known,”

I have not altered the above record, which was correct when I
wrote it, but within the last two years the insect has been found
so plentifully in the orchards at Toddington, near Cheltenham, that
it has done very serious damage to young plum trees; Miss Ormerod,
who investigated the injury, records that in September, 1889, the
females were very largely in excess of the males; among fifty or sixty
females there was only one of the opposite sex ; in December, however,
she found a large proportion of males, and, on or about January 10th,
1890, from a piece of plum stem two inches and a quarter across she
took seventeen males to six females ; Herr Eichhoff has before noticed
this gathering of the males; for full particulars as to the method of
attack of the beetle the student is referred to Miss Ormerod’s ‘‘ Report
of Observations on Injurious Insects during 1889,” pp. 92—98, and
Appendix, pp. 125—127 ; the injury begins with a shot-like hole being
bored in the side of the attacked stem, from which a tunnel runs to the
pith, and a branch about the eighth of an inch runs across horizontally
about half or two-thirds round the stem ; from these horizontal borings
other borings were made up and down the stem, and the injury caused
by these borings fully accounted for the death of the stem; the only
real remedy in the case of young trees, appears to be to cut down all
those that are infested and burn them, as if once attacked they are
doomed, and the injury will spread from them ; for older trees some wash
or mixture, which will not hurt the bark, but will prevent the beetle get-
ting in or out, may be serviceable ; a thick coat of whitewash with
some Paris green in it, or a thick soft-soap wash. with a little carbolic
acid added to it, has been recommended ; the spread of the beetle may
be more or less prevented (Miss Ormerod, l.c. p. 126), by removing all
fallen or injured wood, which, by reason of the sluggish movement of
the sap, is particularly acceptable to the beetles for breeding purposes,
and also by placing poles (“ trap-wood”) to attract the beetles, and then
destroying the poles that are infested. In England the beetle has only
damaged the Plum, but in Europe and America it has done great injury
to the Apple and the Pear, as shown by its names ‘* Apple-bark Beetle,”
‘¢ Apple-twig Borer,” and “ Pear-blight.”

Xyleborus.} RHYNCHOPHORA,. 449

X. dryographus, Raiz. Oblong, narrow, subcylindrical, shining,
clothed with rather long pale pilose pubescence, pitehy-brown, reddish-
brown or reddish-testaceous, with the antenne and legs testaceous ;
thorax a little longer than broad, scabrous in front, distinctly and rather
strongly punctured behind; elytra reflexed but not excavate at apex,
with fine punctured striz, interstices very finely and scarcely visibly
punctured. L. 2-3 mm. .

Male shorter, with the thorax broadly concave in front and termin-
ated on its anterior margin by a corneous projection ; apical declivity of
elytra without, or almost without, tubercles.

Female with the thorax simple in front; apical declivity of elytra
without, or almost without, tubercles, as in male.

In decaying oak and beech ; occasionally captured on the wing; rare, or rather
very local; Caterham, Surrey (Champion); Riddlesdown, near Croydon; Abbey
Wood, Kent ; New Forest; Monmouthshire, extremely local (Chapman); the male
is very muchrarer than the female ; the proportion of the sexes is given by Eichhoff

as one to fourteen, but the males in this country appear to be scarcer than this would
scem toimply. ~ :

%. Saxeseni, Raiz. (¢ decolor, Boield., g subdepressus, Rey.).
Extremely closely allied to the preceding with which it may very easily
be confounded, but distinguished by having the hinder part of the thorax
almost smooth and scarcely visibly punctured, and, in the female, rather
dull, and the apical declivity of the elytra in the latter sex furnished
with distinct rows of tubercles arranged in longitudinal rows; in the
male, moreover, the anterior portion of the thorax is not excavate and
has no corneous projection in front ; the colour varies from pitchy-brown
to testaceous. L. 2-3 mm.

In decaying oak, beech, apple, hornbeam, and according to Bedel in Rosacew and
Conifer ; very local; London district, not uncommon ; Wimbledon, Esher, Putney,
Peckham, Chatham, Loughton ; Upton Bishop, New Forest.

In accordance with their affinities the genera Trypodendron and Xyle-
borus are here placed in close connexion with one another ; they belong to
the section Xylophagi in which the maxillz are set internally with hairs
instead of with a row of spines ; the species, moreover, are wood-boring
and not bark-feeding, and have the terminal joint of the palpi obscurely
striated longitudinally and the elytra without an impressed sutural
stria; the other British genera of Dryocetina belong to the section
Phleeophagi, which may be distinguished as follows :—maxillary lobe
(lacinia) set with a radiating series of rigid setz or compressed spines ;
terminal joint of palpi simple ; elytra with the sutural stria generally
deeply impressed ; species bark-feeding and never boring into the solid
wood,

PLATYPODINZ.

This sub-family contains the single genus Platypus, which is separ-
ated from the Scolytinze by the much longer metatarsus, the emarginate
VOL, V. Gg

450 RHYNOHOPHORA, [ Platypodine.

sides of the thorax and the round subconvex eyes ; the head is large, not
covered by the thorax, and the labrum is small but distinct; the
antenne are very short and have a large scape and a large compressed
solid club, which is pubescent except for a small space at base; the
thorax is rather long and the prosternum is moderately long in front of
the cox which are large, conical-cylindrical and oblique ; the meta-
sternum is very long; the ventral segments are five in number and un-
equal; the elytra are elongate and cylindrical and sloped or subexcavate
at apex ; the legs are short with the femora dilated, the tarsi long and
slender and the claws simple.

The larve of the genus Platypus differ somewhat from those of the other
Scolytide, as may be seen by comparing Westwood’s figures (Classifica-
tion I, p. 350, fig. 42, 4, 14, 22); the head is large and the body short
and straight and not curved towards the extremity, where it is somewhat
obliquely truncate, and the sides of the body are furnished with rows
of distinct tubercles; the pupa is elongate with the intermediate
cox very large, considerably larger than in the ordinary Scolytid
pupe.

The life history of Platypus eylindrus has been very fully described
by Dr. Algernon Chapman (Ent. Monthly Magazine, viii., pp. 103—
132); the following account is abridged from his observations, which
are exceedingly valuable ; the beetle burrows into solid wood, and, in
consequence, is difficult to observe ; these burrows, in which both per-
fect insects and larve are found, have always an extremity open on the
side of the stump; they are of uniform diameter throughout, viz., that
of the full-grown larva and perfect beetle,—presenting no narrow
burrows of young larve, as observation of most of the other Xylophaga
would have led us to expect ; and the inhabitants are not confined each
to its own branch of the burrow, but the larve, to the number of from
sixty to a hundred, together with the perfect beetles, their parents, run
actively backwards and forwards in the burrows, and from one branch to
another, getting out of each other’s way, backing into a branch to let
another pass, just as a train is shunted into a siding. The usual
habitat of Platypus is in oak stumps, but it also occurs.in beech ; it only
attacks stumps that have entered on their first period of decay, but are to
all appearance sound ; the chief essential appears to be the presence in
the wood of a certain fungus, which probably lives in the fermenting
and decomposing sap, and which half fills the galleries in which the eggs
are laid, and serves as food for the young larve.

During July and August the beetle emerges from the pupal state, the
greater number during the last week in July, and at this period they
commence their burrows; occasionally an odd burrow is found, but
usually the burrows are in colonies, and as many as fifty entrances may
be found on the side of a stump scattered over a surface twelve to fifteen
inches wide and four or five high; the burrow from its mouth on the
surface of the stump is a perfectly clean cut cylinder,

Platypodine.] RHYNCHOPHORA, 451

Each burrow is tenanted from its commencement by a pair of beetles;
both the beetles and full-grown larve feed on the wood, and while doing
so they eject little rounded nodules of frass which have obviously
passed through their alimentary canals; Hylesinus fraxini and other
of the Xylophaga eat the removed materials while forming their
burrows, but this is not the case with Platypus; while forming its
burrow it throws out the removed wood in very fine splinters which
may easily be distinguished from the frass of the wood that has served
it for food. Dr. Chapman (l.c. p. 105) gives a very long and interest-
ing account of the process of splintering the wood, and suggests, with
much reason, that the usual absence, or rather broken condition of the
tarsi in older specimens is due to their method of working; as is well
known, the tarsi of fresh specimens are very long and slender, but very
soon become much shorter; Dr. Chapman suggests that at first they
may be very useful to the beetles to enable them to suspend the body in
a proper position at right angles to the surface of the wood or bark in
commencing their burrows.

When the burrow is some six or seven inches in depth a rounded
extremity is made to it, in which the female deposits her eggs, and it is
for the time abandoned, the parent beetles commencing the construction
of a branch ; eggs appear to be laid as early as the beginning of August,
and as late as the end of October, and, as a rule, in recently constructed
branches of the burrow ; when hatched the young larve feed on the
fungus above mentioned, and do not begin to eat the wood until almost
full grown, when they probably attack it; when newly hatched the
larve are not straight and cylindrical like the full-grown larve, but are
rather flattened and disc-shaped, the lateral region being largely deve-
loped, and each side carrying two rows of large stiff bristles, each
bristle surmounting a lateral tubercle; these bristles are evidently of
great use in locomotion; by their means the larva moves with
great ease up and down among its fungus food until it has grown large
enough to occupy the whole diameter of the burrow; with each change
of skin these bristles become smaller, until in the full-grown larva they
are only represented by corneous points.

The larve feed up rapidly as they are full-grown before the winter ;
in spring they excavate the pupal galleries on either side of the ordin-
ary burrows ; these are close together, the two sides of a burrow often
containing several dozen within a few inches, and are always at right
angles to the gallery from which they start ; the larve, after excavating
them, must come out and enter backwards, as the head of the pupa is
towards the burrow, and the larva is unable to turn round in it;
when the perfect beetle emerges, it soon leaves the burrow, and
either forms a fresh burrow in the stump, or takes wing to a fresh
locality.

The beetles are able to stridulate audibly, by rubbing the abdomen
rapidly against the elytra; when a log containing a number of burrows

@g2

452 RHYNOHOPHORA, | Platypodine.

is shaken, the beetles burrowing within it answer with quite a chorus of
squeaking, in order to hear which, the ear must be placed near the
wood. The very rare beetle Colydium elongatum is parasitic on
Platypus, but has hitherto been met with in Britain only in the New
Forest.

PLATYPWS, Herbst.

This genus isa very large one in point of numbers and contains
about one hundred and sixty species, which are chiefly found in North,
Central and South America, and in Oceania (New Guinea, Borneo, the
Moluccas, the Philippines, New Zealand, &c. ; a few have occurred in
India and Ceylon; only two are found in Europe, one of which,
P. oxyurus, is confined to the Pyrenees, whereas the other ranges from
Norway and Sweden to Northern Africa, and also over Northern Asia
and North America.

P. cylindrus, I. Elongate, cylindrical, slightly shining, clothed with
sparing yellowish-grey villose pubescence, which is thicker at the apex
of the elytra, pitchy-black, or with the head and thorax black or pitchy-
black, and the elytra pitchy, reddish-brown, or reddish ; head large,
with the forehead broad and depressed, eyes large and moderately pro-
minent; anteune very short, six-jointed, with a large scape and club,
brownish-red or reddish-testaceous ; thorax longer than broad, finely and
obsoletely punctured, with the sides subparallel and compressed in
middle, basal portion almost smooth with a central line; elytra deeply
striated, the strie being scarcely punctured, interstices elevated and sub-
costate, apex reflexed; legs red or castaneous, with the femora and
tibixs, especially of the anterior pair, dilated; anterior tibie with trans-
verse elevated lines on their outer margin; tarsi very long and slender,
more than twice as long as tibie, with large simple claws. LL. 6-7
mm.

Male with the posterior declivity of the elytra furnished with two
rather indistinct teeth.

In solid dead and just decaying wood of oak, beech and chestnut; extremely local,
and usually regarded as rare; Windsor (Stephens); Shipley, near Horsham (Gor-

ham) ; New Forest ; Monmouthshire and Herefordshire, locally abundant (Chapman) ;
Scarborough (Lawson).

Strepsiptera or Stylopide.| ABNORMAL COLEOPTERA. 453

ABNORMAL COLEOPTERA.
STREPSIPTERA or STYLOPIDZ.

Although the Strepsiptera are now usually regarded as belonging to
the order Coleoptera, it must be allowed that the question cannot be
considered as settled, and Professor Westwood is still of opinion that
they ought to be regarded as a distinct order; in a communication I
received from him on March 17th, 1889, he says, ‘‘ My idea is that the
Morphology of the different states and the leading organisms warrant
the adoption of Mr. Kirby’s rules for the establishment of it as a new
order of insects” ; in the second edition of Professor Rolleston’s Forms
of Animal Life, p. 511, Mr. W. Hackett Jackson, the editor, after men-
tioning that the Strepsiptera are included by Brauer and others among
the Coleoptera, and after alluding to the fact that Professor Westwood
is still of opihion that they should be retained as a separate order, con-
tinues as follows: “ They are ento-parasitic on various Bees and Wasps.
The male is free, has small twisted fore-wings, longitudinally folded hind
wings, and a large metathorax. It is metagnathous (that is,it has the
mouth adapted for sucking in the imago and for biting in the larva).
The mandibles are reduced, the maxille connate with the labrum, their
palpi two-jointed. The female is blind, vermiform, and never quits the
host. There is a dorsal canal by which the male effects impregnation.
The ova develop in the celome (or body cavities); the Campodeiform
larvze escape by the dorsal canal. They are carried by a bee or wasp to
its nest, where they bore into a grub, and are transformed into apod
vermiform larve. The male pupa is coarctate, and perforates one of the
abdominal intersegmental membranes of the Bee pupa, protruding only
the head, as does also the female.” The Strepsiptera are peculiar as
being among the few insects that are viviparous and produce living -
larve, the only other instances being the Tachine, and some Ocstride
among the Diptera, and some Staphylinide among the true Coleoptera ;
they are also said, by Von Siebold, to afford an instance of Pedogenesis,
or the production of ova by the immature animal, the ova being pro-
duced in the pupa ata very early period, and these being laid just be-
fore, or as soon as the insects become free ; this, of course, is also an
instance of Parthenogenesis, or the production of young without the
intervention of the male, of which the chief examples are found among
insects in the Queen Bees, Humble Bees, Wasps and Aphides.

Dr. Leconte and Dr. Horn place the Stylopide at the end of the
Heteromera between the Rhipiphoride and the Rhinomaceride, which
they regard as the first of the families of the Rhynchophora ; if, how-
ever, they are to be regarded as Coleoptera at all,it is much the best
plan to place them at the end of the order as abnormal members,
although their habits and the fact that the larve in their first state are

454 ABNORMAL COLEOPTERA, [Strepsiptera or Stylopide.

campodeiform and active, certainly seem to show that they are some-
what closely allied to Meloé; the characters of the groups will be found ~
fully discussed in Westwood’s Classification, Vol. II. pp. 287, &c., with
figures of the species and larve and various parts of their bodies; the
student of the group is also referred to Kirby’s Monographia Apum
Anglie, vol. ii. p. 111, Curtis’s Strepsiptera (Brit. Ent. Plates, 226,
385 and 433), and Leconte and Horn’s Classification of the Coleoptera
of North America, pp. 425, 426; the following are the chief charac-
teristics of the males, but there is considerable doubt as to the true rela-
tions of various parts, more especially as regards the mouth organs and
the thoracic segments ; the body is long and narrow, its great extent
being occupied by a very large metathorax ; the general character of the
body, as remarked by Westwood, indicates great weakness, and we
accordingly find that the insects live but a very short time in the imago
state ; the head and thorax are of a velvety texture ; the mouth organs
are very abnormal, a character probably due to the fact that the insects in
the perfect state, in all probability, fake no food, or very little, during
the very short time they live, and simply continue the species; it is
doubtful, in fact, if there is any true oral aperture ; apparently man-
dibles and one pair of palpi are present, and Savigny, Kirby, Leconte and
Horn and others state this as a fact; Curtis, however, regards these so-
called * mandibles” as maxille, and says “ Labrum and mandibles want-
ing?’”? Westwood regards the mouth organs as analogous to those of
certain Lepidoptera, and after remarking that Newman considers the
order as not sufficiently separated from the Diptera, proceeds as follows:
“T cannot, however, find the least analogy between the oral organiza.
tion of the Strepsiptera and the tubularly developed elbowed mouth of
the Diptera, the labrum of whichis greatly elongated ; whereas, on the
contrary, there seems to me much greater resemblance, in this respect,
between the Strepsiptera and Lepidoptera, the labrum in both being
soldered flatly to the head, the acute mandibles, as they have been
termed in Stylops, being exactly represented in some of the Linnzan
Bombyees, by the short rudimental maxille, and the large articulated
appendages being much more analogous to the labial palpi of the
Lepidoptera, than to the maxillary palpi of the Diptera ;” the head is
large and transverse, prolonged at the sides into a stout peduncle at the
end of which are situated the eyes, which are large and prominent and
strongly granulate, the lenses being large and comparatively few in num-
ber; the antenne are inserted on the front, at the base of the lateral
processes of the head, and vary in the different genera ; the prothorax is
very short, consisting of a simple ring or collar, to which the forelegs
are attached on the underside ; the mesothorax is scarcely larger and
bears on each side a slender coriaceous club-shaped appendage, with the
inner margin membranous; these appendages have given rise to much
controversy, but apparently are aborted representatives of the elytra ;
the metathorax is very large, greater in bulk than the rest of the body

Strepsiptera or Stylopide.] ABNORMAL COLEOPTERA. 455

with the sutures of the dorsal pieces all distinct ; the portion behind
these pieces or postscutellum is more or less conical and prolonged con-
siderably over the base of the abdomen; the wings are very large and
fan-shaped with a few diverging nervures which are almost wanting in
Elenchus; they are somewhat opaque and membranous and have the
anterior margin incrassated ; the abdomen is small and consists of from
seven to nine segments ; the legs are of moderate length, with the coxe
of the two anterior pairs somewhat elongated ; the femora are simple ;
there are no tibial spurs; and the tarsi have the underside of the joints
strongly lobed beneath and are not furnished with terminal claws.

Four genera appear to be known, all of which are found in Europe;
Xenos and Stylops also occur in North America; a species of the
former genus has also been found in a Brazilian species of Sphez;
Elenchus is represented in Mauritius, and a Stylopised bee has
been observed in Tasmania; our knowledge of the group, however,
is exceedingly limited, and many more species and genera will probably
be discovered; in North America Stylopised individuals of Odynerus
quadricornis and of a large species of Sphex have been observed, and as
Xenos is apparently attached to the genus Polistes and Stylops to
Andrena, the parasites of these species must probably be referred to new

era.

Xenos, which inhabits the middle and south of Europe and North
America, does not occur in Britain ; it may be distinguished by its five-
jointed antennz ; as in Stylops, the tarsi are four-jointed, but the last
joint is entire, whereas in Stylops it is deeply emarginate ; the wings,
moreover, in the latter genus, are much less rounded ; the three genera
found in Britain may be distinguished as follows : it must be remembered
that the characteristics apply to the males only.

Te Ain ae ass mie 0. Sp, de Strtops, Kirby
ii. Antennz longer than thorax, five-jointed; tarsi
tet naenge ag aah ie te ae oe oe ae Evenxcuts, Curtis.
If. Antenne branched, flabellate, shorter than thorax,
seven-jointed; tarsithree-jointed . ...... HaticropHacts, Curlis.

STYLOPS, Kirby.

The members of this genus may be known by the formation of the
antennz which most closely resemble those of Xenos but are six-jointed;
the basal joint is somewhat cup-shaped, the second very short and trans-
verse, and the third is produced on its internal side into a dilated hollow
lobe extending beyond the fifth joint ; the fourth, fifth and sixth are com-
paratively long, the fourth being the longest ; the eyes are very promi-
nent ; the rudimentary elytra are not clavate ; the wings are very large
and have the sides straighter than in the other genera and produced in
front into a round blunt angle ; the nervures are very fine but distinct ;
the post-seutellum is elongate and rounded at apex ; the posterior tro-

456 ABNORMAL COLEOPTERA. [Stylops.

chanters are elongate and the tarsi are four-jointed with the last joint
emarginate at apex; the female is larviform.

The full-grown larve of Stylops are nearly cylindrical fleshy grubs,
about a quarter of an inch long, of a white colour, with the head distinct
and flattened, and attached to the body by a neck ; the head is not at
this time furnished with distinct mandibles, but appears only to be
provided with several small elevated tubercles, behind which is a trans-
verse impression: Professor Westwood, who points out these facts, is
inclined to agree with Mr. Kirby that the larva feeds by absorption.

Mr. Dale, who has been by far the most fortunate Entomologist as far
as this group is concerned, thus relates his observations regarding Stylops ;
they have already been quoted by Curtis and Westwood but may with
advantage be repeated : “ Every specimen of Andrena barbilabris I have
seen this year (1827), from the 27th April to the 4th June, has con-
tained larvae, pups, or exuvie of Stylops, from one to three in each.
On the 5th May I picked out one with a pin, on the 7th another
rather immature, and caught one flying in the hot sunshine over a quick-
set hedge in the garden; it looked milk-white on the wing, with a jet
black body, and totally unlike anything else ; it flew with an undulating
or vacillating motion amongst the young shoots, and I could not catch
it till it settled on one, when it ran up and down, its wings in motion,
and making a considerable buzz or hum nearly as loud as a Sesia - it
twisted about its rather long tail, and turned it up like a Staphylinus. I
put it under a glass and placed it in the sun; it became quite furious
in its confinement, and never ceased running about for two hours. The
elytra or processes were kept in quick vibration as well as the wings ; it
buzzed about the sides of the glass, with its head touching it, and tumbled
about on its back. By putting two bees (A, /abialis) under a glass in
the sun, two Stylops were produced ; the bees seemed uneasy and went
up towards them, but evidently with caution, as if to fight, and moving
their antenne towards them, retreated. I once thought the bee attempted
to seize one, but the oddest thing was to see the Stylops get on the
body of the bee and ride about, the latter using every effort to throw
his rider. A large hole is left in the tail of the bee when Stylops escapes,
which closes up after a time. I have found five species of Andrenz
infested.”

Professor Westwood (l.c. p. 299) adds that the bees were quite mad
immediately before the Stylops came out, and that when on the body of
the bee the Stylops kept its wings still and half erect; the males of the
species of Xenos and Hlenchus appear to be equally active and rapid
in their movements ; this property would appear to be very necessary
for the union of the male and female on the body of a rapidly moving
bee or wasp; as remarked by Mr. Dale, the bees seem unable to shake
off the parasite when it has obtained a firm footing ; this it is probably
enabled to do by means of the membranous lobes of the tarsi, although
the absence of tarsal claws would seem to be a disadvantage.

Stylops.] ABNORMAL COLEOPTERA. 457

With regard to the number of British species of Stylops at present
known there is considerable doubt ; the type of the genus is regarded as
Stylops melitte, Kirby ; Westwood figures a species (Classification,
Frontispiece, fig. 6) as Stylops Spencii, Pck.; while Curtis (Brit. Ent.,
fig. 225) describes and figures a species as Stylops Dalii, Curt. ; Mr. C.
W. Dale (History of Glanvilles Wootton, p. 117) mentions two species
with their localities as follows : )

1, Stylops Dalti, Curt. Very rare. Taken by my father, flying over the garden
hedge, May 3rd and 23rd, 1827, and May 10th, 1829. The females are only to be
found inside the tails of Andrena labialis.

2. S. Kirbii, Leach, rare. Taken by my father, May 7th, 1827, May, 10th, 12th,
and 14th, 1828, May 9th, 10th and 23rd, 1829, May 12th, 1836, and May 12th, 1840.
The females are only to be found inside the tails of Andrena barbilabris.

The figure of S. Dalit given by Curtis (fig. 226) differs from that of
S. Spenctt given by Westwood (Classification, Frontispiece, fig. 6) in
having the wings considerably more narrowed behind, the base of the
antennz shorter, and the post-scutellum more produced over the abdo-
men, but these differences may be more or less accidental ; in a com-
munication I received from Professor Westwood (March 29th, 1889) he
says: ‘‘ As to the species of Stylops, I believe there has never been an
opportunity of comparing the type specimens, so you must rely on your
own judgment, founded upon the only materials which now exist for
identification,” and he further refers to one of the existing figures as
probably not very accurate ; under the circumstances I prefer to consider
that we have only one British species,

S. melittz, Kirby (? Dalii, Curt., Spencii, Pck., Kirbii, Leach).
Male of a deep velvety black colour, with the base of the scutellum and
the sides of the abdomen yellowish or yellowish-brown ; legs and pseud-
elytra fuscous ; wings ample, milky white and iridescent, with the sides
comparatively straight and produced in front into a broad blunt rounded
angle, nervures rather well marked, black or blackish, anterior edge dark
and thickened ; female larviform. L. 3 mm.

Parasitic on species of Andrena ; male rare ; female not uncommon in some districts ;
the male flies with an undulatory motion very early on hot summer mornings ; London
district, Reigate and Shirley (Champion); Woking (E. Saunders); bred from
Andrene taken at Hammersmith (S. Stevens); near London (Enock); Hastings;
Glanvilles Wootton ; Oxfordshire ; it probably occurs in many other localities,

ELENCHUS, Curtis.

This species differs from Stylops in having the antenne in the male
much longer and five-jointed ; they are inserted in a cavity on each side
of the front of the head and are slender and pubescent, with the first
and second joints short and the third produced on the side and forming
a long lanceolate appendage ; the eyesare almost sessile and composed of
only about twenty lenses ; the pseudelytra are clavate and longer than in
Stylops; the postscutellum is scarcely produced over the abdomen which is

4.58 ABNORMAL COLEOPTERA. [ Elenchus.

very narrow; the wingsare broader than their length measured from the
pseudelytra to apex of abdomen, and have scarcely any visible nervures ;
the posterior trochanters are short and the tarsi are two-jointed ; two
species are known, one from Mauritius and one which has occurred in
Britain.

E. tenuicornis, Kirby (Walkeri, Curt.). Dull ochreous-fuscous ;
eyes black and shining scarcely pedunculate; wings iridescent, pale
fuscous, with the anterior margin considerably thickened and darker
fuscous ; the few nervures are also fuscous ; abdomen more or less spotted
above and beneath ; legs and antennz pubescent; thorax shorter and
more gibbose than in Stylops, as well as the postscutellum; tarsi two-
jointed (at all events apparently) much more slender in the first pair than
in the others. L. 1 mm.

By sweeping herbage; parasitic on Bombus and perhaps on Andrena and Halictus ;
extremely rare ; Southgate, near London (Walker) ; Glanvilles Wootton (very rare ;
a couple only taken by Mr. Dale, on Whitedown, June 11th, 1830, and in Aldermead,

June 27th, 1839) ; Ireland, Belfast (Templeton) ; the latter specimen is now in the
University Museum, Oxford,

HALICTOPHAGWUS, Dale.

Tn this very curious genus the antenne are short and seven-jointed and
flabellate, the tarsal and second joint being stout, and each of the
remainder being produced into a lobe on the outer side, the lobes
gradually deereasing in length to the apical joint, which is inserted at
the base of the lobe of the penultimate joint ; the lobes are submem-
branous and are ornamented with semitransparent punctures ; the eyes
are prominent and strongly granulate; the pseudelytra are strongly
clavate and very slender at base ; the abdomen is rather short and is in
great measure concealed by the postscutellum, which has a long deep
furrow at base; the wings are broad with rather strong nervures; the
anterior coxe are long, the femora rather short, the tibie short and
compressed, and the tarsi three-jointed ; one species only appears to be
known.

H. Curtisii, Dale. Black and slightly glossy, clothed with a brown
velvety pubescence ; antennz and legs dull brownish ochre; wings
slightly tinged with brownish ochre and obscurely iridescent; nervures
brown, broad and strongly marked ; wings less rounded than in Elenchus,
broader in front and narrowed behind; tips of the joints of the tarsi
and apex of abdomen ochreous. L. 1 mm.

Parasitic on species of Halictus; very rare; taken by Mr. Dale in August in
company with the male of Halictus @ratus(?) by brushing some long coarse grass
and thistles close to the sea, on a rock called Durdle Door at Lulworth Cove; Mr.
Dale also recorded the fact of his having found a larva in Halictus? 4 guttatus taken
in the New Forest in April; a number of Halicti infested with apterous Strepsip-
terous females were once found by Sir 8. 8. Saunders near Folkestone ; these very
likely belonged to the present species, but no male was discovered.

APPENDIX.

NOTES ON THE GENUS HETEROCERUS, F.
(Vide Vol. IIT. p. 384.)

Srxce the publication of Volume III. two important papers have been
published on this much-neglected and very obscure genns: “The Species
of Heterocerus of Boreal America,” by Dr. Horn (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
xvii. Jan. 1890), and the ‘“ Bestimmungstabelle der Heteroceren
Europas und der angrenzenden Gebiete,” by Herr A. Kuwert (Verhand-
lungen der Kaiserlich-k6niglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in
Wien, 1890, p. 517 ef segq). I have had some correspondence with Herr
Kuwert, who has kindly looked over and determined for me a number
of British specimens, and has sent me specimens of some of the species :
in his last letter he expresses great regret that he had not had more
British specimens before him when he wrote his paper. I have already
published the results of these investigations in the Entomologist’s
Monthly Magazine (Vol. ii. (Second Series), 1891, pp. 132 and 202); I
have not had time to work the species thoroughly, nor have I had
sufficient material : before arriving at definite conclusions it will be
necessary to work at large series from various localities, with the males
and females distinguished as taken from the same burrows. I am by no
means sure that Herr Kuwert is right in several instances, and he him-
self, in certain cases, seems doubtful as to Kiesenwetter’s determinations :
there is only one other small genus of British Coleoptera that presents
anything like the same difficulties as Hefterocerus, and that is Haltica :
in both cases I believe that a thorough revision is required, from large
series, of all the European species.

The table given in Vol. III. p. 384, will serve roughly to distinguish
the species which were known as British when I wrote it, but the
character of the presence or absence of margins on the posterior angles
of the thorax is often a very obscure one; occasionally, as in the eon-
tinental species H. obliteratus, Kies, they are present in one sex only;
on this character, however, Kuwert forms two of his principal subgenera,
Heterocerus i. sp., in which the hind angles of the thorax are not
margined, and Tenhetocerus, Kuw., in which they are margined or at
least show a trace of margins (Hinterecken des Halsschildes gerandet
oder mindestens mit Spuren von Randung). Dr. Horn says, with regard

460 APPENDIX.

to the American species : ‘‘ Considerable stress has been laid on the fact
as to whether the base of the thorax has a marginal line, but as far as
our species are known it exists in all, but varies in the sharpness of its
definition.”

The first two sub-genera, mentioned in Kuwert’s paper, are not repre-
sented in Britain; these are Micilue, Schiddte (containing a single
species, M. murinus, Kies.) and Phyrites, Schiddte (containing a single
species, P. aureolus, Schiddte) ; the former is distinguished by the shape
of the scutellum (which is punctiform and subtransverse) and the latter
by having the third joint of the antennze small and the fourth forming
with the following a uniform club, whereas in Heterocerus and Tonhe-
tocerus the third and fourth joints are both small.

Kiesenwetter appears to have been the first who attempted to mono-
graph the species, and he divided them chiefly on colour and sculpture,
both of which are very misleading characters, as both vary considerably
in different specimens of the same species ; Schiddte in 1866 attempted
a division on obscure antennal characters; in 1872, however, Mulsant
and Rey observed that in certain species the elevated curved line on the
first ventral segment extended from the front angle by a broad curve
towards the middle of the posterior edge of the segment and there ter-
minated, while in others the line continued the curve forward towards the
inner edge of the coxe; these lines are apparently stridulating organs,
and the genus is divided by Dr. Horn on this character as follows :—

Stridulating ridge of first ventral segment incomplete,

i.e. extending from the front angle ina curved line

merely to the posterior border of the segment . . Hetrrocerrvs, i. sp.
Stridulating ridge of first ventral segment complete,

i.e. forming nearly a semicircle from the front

augle to the posterior border, then recurving to the

inner coxal border . . . . . .. . « « « + nrrorimus, Des Goris.

The latter division wag originally wrongly named Awgyles, which was
the name applied by Schiédte to quite a different division, founded, as
above-mentioned, on obscure antennal characters,

As far as our fauna is concerned the characters depending on these
stridulating organs are not of much practical use, as the sub-genus Littori-
mus only contains two species, I. britannicus and H. sericans, and it is
doubtful whether the latter species can really be regarded as indigenous ;
it seems, therefore, that we must to a certain extent fall back upon the
character presented by the miargination of the posterior angles of the
thorax, in spite of its being often so unsatisfactory ; H. flewuosue,
Jemoralis, salinus v. rectus and arenarius will be found to present scarcely
a trace of margins, whereas in the other species they are more or less
distinctly visible. Dr. Sharp (Biol. Cent. Am. vol. i. pt. 2, p. 116)
makes use of a character, which he has recently observed, and which may
prove to be of considerable importance; in several of the American
species there is an elevated line on. the metasternum, which begins at
the middle of the posterior border of the middle coxa, extending

APPENDIX. 461

obliquely backward and joining the suture between the metasternum and
its episternum ; it is possible that this may prove a good character with
regard to some of our species. The males are, as Dr. Horn observes, in
most cases easy to distinguish from the females; the head is larger and
more prominent, the mandibles more slender and projecting, the labrum
longer, and the clypeus retuse to a varying degree ; the thorax is at least
as broad as the elytra, sometimes slightly broader, and not gradually
narrowed to the front as in the female; at the same time it must be

- remembered that it is easy to regard the male as a separate species, an

error which can only be avoided by capturing the species in the burrows,
two, a male and a female, usually occupying one burrow.

The British species have usually been considered to be eight in
number; of these H. fossor, Kies. (rectus, Wat.) and H._ arenarius,
Kies., have been regarded as doubtful, and the generally recognized
species, six in number, are H. femoralis, Kies., H. otsoletus, Curt., A.
marginatus, F., H. levigatus, Panz., H. fusculus, Kies., and H. sericans,
Panz. ; as far as I have been able to make out H. rectus, Wat., is an
intermediate variety or species Letween H. salinus and H. fossor ;
H. arenarius must be regarded as a very doubtful species ; H. femoralis
and H. flexuosus, which have usually been regarded as synonymous,
must now be considered as distinct; a new species, H. pulcheilus, Kies.,
must be added doubtfully before H. fuseulus, and for H. sericans a
newly described species, H. britannicus, Kuw., must be substituted ;
apparently we do not possess the true H. sericans, but the specimens
which have been named for me by Herr Kuwert as H. britannicus
appear to differ considerably, and I was at first inclined to think that
part of them should be referred to an allied species, if not to H. sericans,
which may perhaps be found in our collections. The following then
may be regarded as a provisional list of’ our species, as far as is at
present known; they are given in the order in which they come in
Herr Kuwert’s monograph :—

Sub-gen. Heterocerus, i. sp.

flexuosus, Steph. (femoralis, Kies., pars).

salinus, Kies., var. rectus, Wat.

(arenarius, Kies. ? 1)

JSemoralis, Kies.

Sub-gen. Tenhetocerus, Kuwert.

marginatus, F.
(sericans, Kies. ? 1)
britannicus, Kuw.
obsoletus, Curt.
pulchellus, Kies. ?
Jusculus, Kies.
levigatus, Panz.

H. jflexuosus, Steph., and H. femoralis, K., are considered synony-
mous in our catalogues; the latter insect is, however, smaller with the
elytra rather shorter and the hinder indented cross markings situated a

} s.g. Littorimus, Des Gozis.

462 APPENDIX,

little nearer the middle ; the markings, according to Kuwert, are reddish
in H. flexuosus and yellow in H. femoralis, but this is not worth much
as a character. I have only seen one specimen of the true H. femoralis,
which was sent me by Mr. E. Waterhouse (without locality) and
named by Herr Kuwert; it certainly looks very different from H.
Jlexuosus, being shorter, smaller and duller, with the general colour
dark and the markings hardly visible; H. flexuosus is apparently a
rather common British species, but it appears to be rarer on the
continent, and Herr Kuwert says that he only possesses one specimen
of it, from Morlaix; H. femoralis would seem to be rare in Britain,
but there still appears to be considerable confusion with regard to it,
and considerable doubt as to what really is the true H. femoralis of
Kiesenwetter; Herr Kuwert a short while ago sent me a specimen
named H. femoralis from Pomerania, and now writes concerning it
that he is inclined to believe ‘‘that the femoralis from Pomerania,
which has the legs paler and is larger, may perhaps be the arenarius
of Kiesenwetter.” With regard to H. arenarius, I cannot discover an
authentic British specimen; I believe that light examples of flexuosus
and levigatus are made to do duty for it; the following is Kuwert’s
account of the species: “ A little larger than femoralis. According to
Kiesenwetter (I have no examples to refer to) in colour, markings and
pubescence it comes half way between salinus and femoralis, but the
colouring is brighter and the legs are entirely yellow ;” the only
locality he gives is Ireland ; as, however, I have pointed out (Vol. IIT.
p. 386), Mr. Crotch came to the conclusion that the Irish specimens did
not differ materially from femoralis ; I believe, therefore, that H. arena-
rius should be regarded merely as a synonym of the last named species.

Among the insects which I sent to Herr Kuwert are specimens named
H. rectus, Wat., from Mr. Waferhouse’s and Mr. Champion’s collections ;
these he is inclined to regard as a new variety or species, and proposes
that they should be described by me as intermedius, n. sp., as being
intermediate between H. salinus and H. fossor; I prefer to consider
them as a variety of H. salinus; Kuwert was not, apparently, aware
that the insect had been described, but, apart from this, there is a
species of Kicsenwetter’s already in existence, named intermedius, which
comes near hispidulus, Kies,*

H. salinus is a rather large species (6-7 mm.), parallel, with bright
yellow markings and legs entirely yellow ; the elytra are twice as long
as together broad ; the thorax is short, with the sides strongly rounded
and the margins more or less broadly yellow; the club of the antenne
is somewhat long ; the colouring is variable, and the pubescence thick :
the variety rectus differs in being smaller, with the antenne darker,
and the legs dark instead of light; it also has, in the male, two small,

* Since I wrote the above I have received a letter from Herr Kuwert in which he
says that he meant to propose “ intermissus ” as the name, but wrote “ intermedius ”’
in error,

APPENDIX. 463

but distinct, prominences on the head behind the clypeus, which are
scarcely visible in the type form ; H. fossor has lighter legs than the
var. rectus, and only one small prominence on the head behind the
clypeus.

-H. marginatus and H. levigatus are often confused ; the latter is a
little larger on an average and is duller and more plainly pubescent,
with the markings longer (and more colon-like (colon-artigen) accord-
ing to Kuwert) on the disc ; in marginatus they are smaller and more
often form spots ; the scutellary region appears to be usually dark in
marginatus, whereas in levigatus it is often. occupied by more or less
long yellow markings; in the latter species the second joint of the
antenne ends in a whitish tuft of hairs, of which the longest reach the
apex of the club; both these species have the hinder angles of the
thorax rather distinctly margined.

The following is Kuwert’s description of H. britannieus :—

#H. britannicus, n. sp.: Thorax plainly broader than the elytra,
the latter with obscure red spots, and with thick yellowish pubescence ;
thorax black with shorter and less thick pubescence, with a distinct
red central line and badly defined reddish sides, very strongly rounded
and widened in the middle and a little narrowed in front. Male with
the clypeus raised into a prominence on its anterior margin, and with
ihe intermediate tibie strongly widened beneath. Legs and apex of
abdomen reddish. L. 2 mm.

Described by Herr Kuwert on a single male obtained through M.
Bellier de la Chavignerie, labelled ‘‘ Anglia, Reiche ; ” apparently, how-
ever, locally common in Britain ; it has been taken in numbers by Mr.
Lennon near Dumfries, and I have received specimens from Mr. Ben-
nett of Hastings ; the latter are considerably darker, and I am not sure
that they ought not to be referred to another species; Herr Kuwert,
however, has named the specimens from both localities as his britan-
nicus ; in both cases the specimens have been described as H. sericans ;
I have not seen a British specimen answering to the description of the
last named insect, although it very probably occurs ; it is larger than
H. britannicus (being 2} mm. in length) and is somewhat differently
marked, the markings being yellow instead of red.

H. obsoletus, Curt., is one of our most distinct species by reason of its
rather large size (usually about 5 mm.) and coarse punctuation, and
small, but plain, lighter markings.

H. fusculus, Kies., isan extremely local species, but occurs abundantly
at Luccombe Chine, Isle of Wight, on wet and muddy places at the
foot of the cliffs about thirty feet above high water mark; I sent a
specimen to Herr Kuwert taken by myself at this locality and he named
it pulchellus, Kies. ; a specimen, however, taken by Mr. Champion at
Sandown, a few miles from Luccombe, is returned as fusculus, and I
believe that both insects belong to the same species ; another specimen
of Mr. Champion’s, from Dr. Power’s collection, without locality, is
returned as pulchellus and another (rather larger) from the London

4.64 APPENDIX.

district as fusculus ; the former is described in Kuwert’s monograph as
smaller than H. fusculus and always with plainer and brighter markings,
but the differences seem very slight, and I cannot decide, without
further material, whether we have both species in Britain: the,
characters drawn from the colour of the sides of the thorax and of
the legs are plainly untrustworthy in these closely allied species : if
these two species are really distinct, I am inclined to think that all
the Isle of Wight specimens must be referred to pulchellus, and that
the single specimen above referred to from the London district may
prove to be fusculus; our knowledge of the group is evidently by no
means exhausted, and it is very probable that several more of the
continental species may be eventually found in Britain.

Cryptohypnus dermestoides, Herbst.,and C.quadriguttatus,
Lap. (tetragraphus, Germ.). On page 88, Vol. IV. the latter of these
species is regarded as a variety of the former: in a short paper, how-
ever, in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. ii. (New Series)
p. 72, Dr. Horn points out the specific differences as follows :~—
First ventral segment with a small tubercle between the
cox, and the anterior tibize dilated, in the male . . CO, QUADRIGUTTATUS.

First ventral segment convex between the coxe and
fimbriate posteriorly, and the anterior tibizo dilated, in
the male dt ass: 0s) 9 eee ‘ C, DERMESTOIDES.

The first ventral segment of C. dermestoides (male) is somewhat
gibbous between the coxe and raised to a level with them, and the
fimbriz are directed backwards ; while in C. guadriguttatus (male) the
first ventral segment is rather flat between the cox, and has a round
pubescent spot. t

Dr. Horn further remarks that in none of the North American
Cryptohypni are the male front tibie dilated, as they are in these two
European species.

Mr. Champion adds the following note to Dr, Horn’s article :—

“‘ (, dermestotdes, Herbst.,and C. qguadriguttatus, Lap. (=tetragraphus,
Germ.), considered by most recent authors as varieties of one species,
thus prove to be distinct. They occur together in various northern
localities in Britain, as Rannoch, Braemar, Scarborough, etc.; in
Scotland C. dermestoides is, perhaps, the commoner of the two, while
at Scarborough, C. quadriguttatus is much more abundant than C.
dermestoides. A large number of specimens collected by Mr. J. J. Walker
in Italy, at Civita Vecchia, all belong to C. guadriguttatus, none of
these showing the slightest variation in the elytral spots. It may be
safely assumed that all British specimens with distinct spots are quadri-
quttatus ; while those which are unspotted or merely have the
‘shoulders and an indeterminate patch near the apex of each elytron a
little lighter are, with rare exceptions, dermestoides. In some examples
of C. quadriguttatus the basal or the apical spot is obsolete. Many of

APPENDIX. 465

the Scarborough specimens of C. guadriguttatus have the spots large
and sharply defined, these examples resembling the normal continental
form ; Scotch examples are rarely so well marked.”

The following new species of Anaspis (vide Vol. V. p. 74) has been
described by Mr. Champion in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,
Vol. ii. (New Series) p. 104 :-— :

Anaspis septentrionalis, n.sp. Elongate, black, the front of the
head and the palpi fiavo-testaceous, thickly and finely pubescent, the pro-
thorax and the elytra very finely transversely strigose. Antenne black,
the three or four basal joints flavo-testaceous, filiform, in the male very
elongate and slender, in the female considerably shorter, the penultimate
joints in both sexes longer than broad, but much more elongate in the
male than in the female ; prothorax about one-third broader than long,
bisinuate at the base, the hind angles rectangular; elytra with the
transverse strige more distinet than on the prothorax ; beneath black ;
legs comparatively slender—the anterior pair, including the cox, flavo-
testaceous, with the tarsi slightly darker—the middle pair fusco testa-
ceous, with the tibie, except at the base, piceous or fuscous, and the
tarsi, except at the base of the first and second joints, infuscate—the
hind pair piceous, the extreme base of the tibie excepted—the tibial
spurs testaceous, the anterior and middle tarsi slender in both sexes.

Male with the anterior tarsi very feebly dilated ; anterior and inter-
mediate tibiz sinuate within, the anterior pair slightly curved inwards
towards the apex. Third ventral segment elongated, produced in the
middle behind, and furnished at the apex with two long laciniz or
appendages, these latter narrowly separated at base, almost straight,
extending to the middle of the fifth segment, and becoming slightly
divergent posteriorly, the space enclosed by them unimpressed ; fifth
ventral segment very deeply and abruptly emarginate at the apex, but
not at all depressed in the middle in front of the emargination. Length
(with the head extended) 33-33 mm.

Two examples of this species were captured by Mr. Champion at
Aviemore, Inverness-shire, in July, 1876.

Mr. Champion remarks that A. septentrionalis is closely allied to
A. frontalis, L., but may easily be known from it by the more slender legs
and antenne and by the well marked male characters. The male of
A, frontalis has the fifth ventral segment broadly excavate in the middle
from the apex nearly to the base (this part being quite unimpressed in
A. septentrionalis) and the apex much less deeply emarginate; the
lacinise very distinctly curved inwards at the apex; and the anterior
tarsi strongly dilated (very feebly so in A. septentrionalis). The antenne
in the male of A. septentrionalis are very elongate and slender, the
insect thus resembling A. Garneysi, Fowler, but this latter has the
laciniz strongly divergent and curved and enclosing a large broad space ;

VOL. V. Hh

4.66 APPENDIX.

the anterior tarsi are equally slender in these two species, and only very
feebly dilated in the male;-in the female of A. septentrionalis the
intermediate legs are a little darker than in the male. The different
male characters, &c., distinguish it from A. pulicaria, Costa, and A.
nigripes, Bris., and the non-moniliform antenne from A. rujilabris, Gyll,
and A, melanostoma, Costa (for these species, see Vol. V. p. 75-77.)

Oviposition of Metoecus (Rhipiphorus) paradoxus, L.—On page
82 of Vol. V. will be found an account by Dr. Algernon Chapman of the
life history, as far as known, of M. paradoxus; the questions, however,
of oviposition, of the hatching of the young larva, and its means of
reaching the wasps’ nest, are left undetermined ; in the Entomologist’s
Monthly Magazine, however,.for January, 1891, Vol. ii. (New Series)
p. 18, Dr. Chapman again takes up these questions, concerning which
he has during the past year made several important discoveries. I may
add that Dr. Chapman sent to me, together with, the article, several
valuable drawings of the eggs as laid, &c.; his observations are so in-
teresting that it is best to quote them at length :—

“ Failures are often as instructive as successes, and have, in this case,
led up to the trifling successes I have at length reached, so that I am
sorry to have kept no record of what I did in the matter at various
times in recent years. I did, however, obtain examples of the beetle in
greater or less numbers, and treated them in various ways, placing them
with earth, sand, various plants, flowers, etc., but always with the
result that in a few weeks at furthest they died, without either ovi-
positing or showing any desire to hibernate. I, however, came to, or
was confirmed in, the conclusion that the eggs were laid in autumn, and
that the beetles did not hibernate, partly from the death of the beetles,
partly from the females always being full of eggs fully matured. I have
never succeeded in finding a free larva in the wasp’s nest, whence I con-
clude that they are introduced one by one, and very quickly bury them-
selves in a wasp grub; whereas, did the beetle hibernate, the female would
lay many eggs in a nest, and the young larvz would certainly be often met
with. The female contains so many ova (though not so many as Meloé)
that it is obvious that the great mortality of the species occurs between
oviposition and the safe arrival of the larva into the interior of the wasp
grub, especially as after that date the mortality is n¢l, If the egg were
laid in the nest, this would not be so.

“Thinking out these matters, I this year (1890) enclosed a number of
freshly diselosed beetles in a sunny place, with portions of dead and
rotten wood, as well as some flowers. I was lucky enough on two
occasions to see the beetles im cop., proving certainly that pairing occurs
in autumn, and afterwards I observed several females, fertile or other-
wise, searching the crevices of the wood with their extensive ovipositors,
and at times quietly resting with the ovipositor nearly out of sight,

APPENDIX. 467

buried in the eracks of the wood. This clearly proves that the eggs
are laid in autumn,

“ That a cavity in dead or rotten wood is the natural place of oviposi-
tion is not proved, but is rendered in the highest degree probable, when
it is remembered that no other arrangement that I previously tried had
any success in inducing oviposition. It becomes further, therefore,
probable that the mite-like young larve are met with by the wasps. in
collecting the wood shavings for nest building, probably usually one af a
time, and a nest contains a succession of paradoxus, because the same
post or stick over which the beetle larve are wandering, is constantly
frequented by the wasps of that nest, whilst those of other nests, free
from Rhipiphorus, do not happen to have visited such a post. Though my
observations will well bear refutation or confirmation, there remains really
only one matter still unknown, and that is ;—When do the eggs hatch ?
From thedelicatenature of the eggs I incline to believe that the young larva
is developed in the autumn, but hibernates unhatched within the egg-
shell, Those eggs that I found laid in the wood cavities were either
infertile or injured by my examination, or they went mouldy instead of
developing. Whether any I did not disturb may have been more lucky
will not appear till next spring, but I much doubt it.

“The eggs are spindle-shaped, 0.47 mm. long and 0.2 mm. in diameter,
of a pure milk-white, and are laid somewhat irregularly, but with a
tendency to be packed closely side by side. Mr. Fowler appears to
entertain the idea that the egg is laid in the wasp cell; this may justify
my stating two reasons why this would be extremely improbable, even
if I had not otherwise rendered it practically certain that the actual
habit is very different. First, a personal reason; I have met with
hundreds of Rhipiphorus in all stages, only once as a free larva, but
abundantly within the wasp larva, and ai all stages forward to the per-
feet beetle, but have never seen any indication of an egg within the cell.
Secondly, the wasp develops with extreme rapidity, yet the Rhipiphorus
keeps up with it, or, indeed, overtakes it ; there would thus be really
no time for the development of the young larva within the egg, even
were “it as rapid as is at times the case in Chrysis. The nature of the
ovipositor, egg, and young larva, nevertheless, plainly indicates that
the larva must take some time to mature in the egg, and that the species
is not viviparous.”

The characters given for the family Anthicide on pages 3 and 83 of
Vol. V. apply to the British species only: in Mecynotarsus, Laf., the
penultimate joints of the tarsi are not bilobed, and the eyes are larger
in proportion than in Notoxus and Anthicus. Iam indebted to Mr,
Champion for kindly sending mea specimen of M. serricornis, Panz.
(rhinoceros, F.) taken by Mr. J. J. Walker at Besika Bay: it is about
13 mm. in length and resembles a minute Noforus,

Hh 2

468 APPENDIX,

Phleophthorus rhododactylus, Brit. Cat. Vol. v. p. 423.—
Just after the last sheets of the Scolytide had gone to press I received
the following communication from Mr, W. F, Blandford, and am glad
to have the opportunity of inserting it;—

“‘T find that in the two European species of Phleophthorus, Woll.,
namely P. rhododactylus, Marsh., and P. spartit, Nord., there has been
confusion of nomenclature, The insect called abroad P. spartii is our
v. Marsham’s P. rhododactylus (its proper and prior name); while the
P. rhododactylus of the Continent is unknown here and does not really
possess any separate name at all.

‘*‘ The proper synonymy will be as follows :—

* Phleophthorus rhododactylus.—Ips rhododactylus, Marsham, Ent.
Brit. Col. p. 58. ¥

** H. rhododactylus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 619 nec. Ratzeb; Chapuis ;
Hichhoff.

“‘ Phleeophthorus perfoliatus, Woll. Ins, Mader. p. 301. Pl. 6, Fig. 1.

** Hylesinus spartiz, Nord. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1848, p. 250.

“ Hylesinus tarsalis, Foerst. Verhandl. Nat. Ver. Rheinl. 1849, 383.

« Phleophthorus spartii, Chapuis, Hichhoff, etc.

« Phloeophthorus Chapuisit, mihi. ;

“ Hf, rhododactylus, Ratz., Forstius. I. p. 178. Pl. 7, Fig. 18.

“ P, rhododactylus, Chapuis, Synopsis, p. 43. 2. v. Thomson, v. Hich-
hoff, v. Lowendal.

“T hope to publish a note of this in one of the foreign papers. If
you have time to get in the synonymy at all into your book it would be
convenient,

“‘T may add that I have seen the original specimens in Kirby’s collec-
tion from which Marsham described his.”

It is evident that a considerable amount of work yet remains to be
done among the Scolytid#, and we may hope that Mr. Blandford will be
enabled to clear up many more doubtful points regarding them.

In the Biologia Centrali-Americana, Coleopt. Vol. iv. Dr. Sharp is
doing work on the Rhynchophora of Central America which will help
to clear up several unsatisfactory points in our present classification of
the group: I have only had the opportunity of seeing a small portion of
this work (Pt. 3, March 1891, pp. 81, e¢ segg.) ; the following remarks
regarding the sub-fam. Otiorrhynchine are of general interest :—

“The family is defined in a satisfactory manner by the existence of
a scar on each of the mandibles, due to the detachment of a peculiar
pair of cutting instruments, supposed to be used by the insect for free-
ing itself when emerging from the pupal stage (vide Vol. V. p. 170). I
propose to divide the family into two divisions, consisting (J.) of the
apterous, (IJ.) of the winged Otiorrhynchine,

APPENDIX, 469

“Series Oltorrhynchine aptere.—Ale rudimentarie.—Metanotum
membraneum.

“These important characters divide the Otiorrhynchine in a natural
manner, and though they cannot be directly observed without breaking
up the specimen, as the elytra are frequently more or less soldered together
in the apterous forms, yet it is very easy to distinguish the members of
‘the two groups by external minor characters. In the Otiorrhynchine
aptere there are no prominent shoulders to the elytra, the exposed
portion of the scutellum is usually very minute, and scarcely penetrates
at all between the exposed parts of the wing-cases: the metasternum
is always short, and the part of the mesothoracic episterna left uncovered
by the elytra is small or moderate in size ; although this latter point is
very variable it is of great assistance in separating the insects of the two
groups, and indeed was made use of by Horn as a means of dividing
the family.

“Tn the Otiorrhynchine alate the shoulders of the elytra are distinct
and stand out-more or less laterally, the tip of the scutellum separates
the exposed bases of the elytra, the metasternum is either elongate or short,
and the uncovered part of the mesothoracic episterna either moderate in
size or large.”

The results of Dr. Sharp’s work on the Rhynchitide and Attelabide
have already been referred to (p. 102), and we may-be certain that
great light will be thrown upon the Rhynchophora generally by his
present researches; as far, however, as our fauna is concerned the
Classification adopted in the present volume will be found to be of use
for all practical purposes, except, perhaps, in the case of one or two
obscure families or genera for which it is hard to find characters at once
distinctive and obvious.

bch

Ew \ m 7

INDEX TO VOL. V.

PAGE
Abdera, Steph. . . . 42
bifasciata, - 43
biflezuosa, Curt. . . 43
flexuosa, Payk. . . 44
Tigutiats, Gyil. 43
triguttata, Gyll.. .
Abnormal Coleoptera. 452
Acalles, Steph. . . « 329
abstersus, Boh. . . 330
echinatus,Germ.. . 331
misellus, Boh. . «. 331
ptinoides, Marsh. . 330
roboris, eaten
turbatus, Boh. . . 331
Acalypting . . . . 293
Acalyptus, Schon. . . 294
carpini, F.. . - . 294
v. rufipennis, Gyll. . 294
Agroblaps, Mots. . . 6
Aolactylus, Weise. | 339
A lus, Weise. .
Alophina. . «. . . 211
Alphitobius, Steph.. . 18
iaperinus, Panz. . 19
jagi, Curt.. . . . 19
i , Curt.. 19
piceus, Ol.. . . - 19
Alphi Steph. 16
pictus, M Fr |
populs, Redt.. . . 16
Steph. . be . * * 16
Amalus, Schén. . . 368
hsemorrhous, Herbst. 369
scortillum, Herbst. . 369
Anaspina . . . . . 73
‘Anaspis, Geoff. . nk mee
assimilis, a
aire, Fae eesentinn oe
biguttata, Rossi.. . 77

PAGE
bipunctata, Bon.. . 80
confusa, Emery 79
fasciata, Forst. . . 77
flava, DZ. . . oc pS
foreipata, Muls. . . 76
frontalis, Db. . . . %5
Garneysi, Fowler . 75
Geoffroyi, Mull. . . 77
humeralis, F.. . . 77
lateralis,F. . . 75,79
maculata, Fourc. . 80
melanopa, Forst. 80

monilicornis, Muls. . 77
obscura, Marsh. . . 80
pallida, Marsh. . 80
pulicaria, Costa . 76
ruficollis, F. . . . 78

rufilabris,
Septentrionalis, Champ. 465

subtestacea, Steph.. 80

v. thoracica, t ae 78
Anisandrus, Ferr. .

Anisoxya, Muls. . . 41
fascula, Tl... . 42
tenuis, Ros. . . . 42

Anoplina ....... -. 292

Anoplus, Schon... . . 292
plantaris, Naez. . . 293
roboris, Suffr. . . 293

Anthicide ... . 8

Anthicus, Payk . 84
angustatus, Curt. 87
antherinus, L. 88
ater,Steph. . . 88
basilaris, Say.. . . 86
bimaculatus, Zl. . 89
floralis, Ol. .. . 86
humilis, Germ. . . 88
instabilis, Schmidi . 86
nigrinus, Zett. . . 835
¥. quisquilius, Thoms, 86

salinus, Crotch.
v. Schaumi, Woll.
scoticus, Rye. .
tristis, Schmidt .
Anthonomina ..
Anthonomus, Germ.
britannus, Desbr.

Chevrolati, Desbr. .

comari, Crotch. .

conspersus, Desbr. .

pedicularius, Z. .
pomorum, L.. .

pubescens? Walton.

pubescens ? W. C.
Rosinz, Des Gozis
rubi, Herbst. . .
ulmi, De i ee
vyarians, Pavk.
Anthritide ..
Anthribus, Schon. .
Apion, Herbst. . .
eneocephalum, yi
wneum, F.. . .
eratum, Steph. .
estivum, Germ. .
zethiops, Herbst. .
ethiops, Gyll.. .
affine, Kirby . .
afrum, Gyll. .
angustatum, Gyll.
angustatum, Kirby
annulipes, Wenck.
apricans, Herbst.
assimile, Kirby .
astragali, Payk. .
aterrimum, L.. .
aterrimum, Marsh.
atomarium, Kirby
atratulum, Germ.
betule,Gyll. . .

bifoveolatum, Steph. .

Bohemani, Thoms.

S fe ae a ae ep

472 INDEX.

PAGE PAGE PAGE
brevirostre, Gyll.. .170| malvw,F.. . . . 141 superciliosum, Gyli.. 166
brunneipes, Boh.. . 154] malvarwm, Kirby .145| tenue, Kirby . . . 165
carbonarium,Germ.., 151| marchicum, Herbst.. 168] tibiale,Desbr.. . . 146
carduorum, Kirby .153| marchicum,Gyll.. .158| trifolii, ZT... . . 149
cerdo, Thoms. . .139] Marshami, Boh. . .188| triste,Germ. . . . 166
civicum, Germ. . . 166] Marshami, Stepb. . 139] tumidicolle, Bach. . 167
ceruleipenne, Steph. 169| meliloti, Kirby . .163]| ulicis, Forst. . . . 140
concinnum, Marsh. . 141 millum, Bach. . . 155 unicolor, Kirby . . 162

confluens, Kirby . 150] miniatum, Germ.. . 142] urticarium, Herbst.. 141
craccm, LD. . . 188} minimum, Herbst. . 156} varipes, Germ. . . 146
cruentatum, Walt. . 142| modestum, Germ. . 164} velo, Kirby . . . 156
curtirostre, Germ. .170| morio,Germ.. . ~. 159 wernale, FF... . . (lf 141
Curtisi, Walt.. . . 167] nigritarse, Kirby .150] viciw, Payk . . . 145

Curtisit, Boh. . . .164/ ononicola, Bach.. . 148] vicinum, Kirby . . 155.
cyanescens, Kirby . 187] omnonidis,Gyll. . . 148] violaceum, Kirby . 169
cyaneum, De G. . . 153] ononidis, Bedel. . .160| violacewm, Gyll.. . 168
cyaneum, Ol. . . 169} ononis, Kirby. . . 160] virens, Herbst. . . 157
dichroum, Bedel. . . 149| onopordi, Kirby . .153| viridescens, Marsh. . 151
difforme, Germ. . . 146] opeticum, Bach.. .138| vorax, Herbst. . . 162
dissimile, Germ. . .146| owuwrwm, Kirby . .153| Waltoni, Steph. . . 164
ebeninum, Kirby . 158] wpallicorne,Gyll.. .162|Apionine. . . . . 128
-ervi, Kirby. . . .161]| pallipes, Kirby . .144| Apoderus, Ol. . . . 117
fagi, Kirby. 148 penetrans, Steph. .153| avellane,Steph.. . 117
filirostre, Kirby . .159| picicorne, Steph.. . 154] coryli,L. . hire 54
flavifemoratum,Kirby148| pisi, F.. . . . 158] Asclera, Schmidt . . 61
flavimanum, Gyll. .154| platalea, Germ. . . 162 | Atactogenus, Tourn. . 209
flavipes, Brit. Cat. .149| plebeium, Steph.. . 170] exaratus, Marsh.. . 209
flavipes, Miill.. . . 148} pomona, F. . 187| plumbeus, Marsh. . 209
foraminosum, Gyll. . 156| pubescens, Kirby. . 166| Attelabina . °. | . 116
frumentarium,Herbst.142 | punctifrons, Kirby . 158] Attelabine . . . . 116
JSrumentarium, Payk. 143} punctigerum, Pay. 157 | Attelabus, Z.. . . . 118
fuscicorne, Marsh. . 162] pusillum, Germ. . .156| curculionoides, LZ. . 118
fuscirostre, F. . .140| pusillum, Steph.. .165| nitens,Scop.. .
gewiculatum, Germ.. 144} radiolus, Kirby . . 153) Attelabus, Bedel. . . 117
geniste, Kirby . . 140] reflewwm, Gyll. . . 164
Germari, Walt. . .144| rubens, Steph. . .143/Bagoina . . . . . 284
gibbirostre, Gyll.. . 153] ruficorne, Herbst. . 138] Bagous, Schén. . . . 285
glabratum, Germ. .164| rufirostre,F.. . . 145} alismatis; Marsh. . 287
Gyllenhali, Kirby .162| Ryei, Blackb.. . .149| argillaceus, Gyll: . 289
hematodes, Kirby . 143} Sahlbergi,Gyll. . . 151} binodulus, Herbst. . 288
hedysari, Walt. . .164| salicis,Gyll. . . .166| binodulus, Thoms. . 289
Hookeri, Kirby . .152} sanguineum, De G..143| brevis, Schén. . . 291

-
—
co

humile, Germ. . .170| Schonherri, Boh. .147| collignensis, W.C. . 292
hydrolapathi, Kirby 169} scutellare, Kirby. . 163) - cylindrus, Payk.. . 288
immune, Kirby . .160| sedi,Germ. . . .167| diglyptus, Boh, . . 291

txcrassatum, Germ. . 155 semivittatum, Gyll., 144 encaustus, Boh. . . 289
intrusum, Gyll. . . 161] seniculum, Kirby . 165 frit, Herbst. . . . 290
Kirbyi, Germ.. . . 163] simile, Pgs sas SeaOD glabrirostris, Herbst. 292
Kunzet, Schon. . * 158| sorbi, FP. . . . 151) halophilus, Redt. . 289
levicolle, Kirby . . 147 spartit, Kirby. . SUS inceratus, Brit. Cat.. 289
levigatum, Kirby .154| Spencei, Kirby . .161] laticollis,Gyll. . . 289
levigatum, Payk. .151]| stolidum, Germ. . . 151] limosus, Gyll.. . . 289
lathyri, Kirby. . .161| striatum, Kirby . .159| limosus, Sharp’s Cat. 288
limonii, Kirby . .167| swbceruwlewm, Marsh. 158| lutosus, Gyll.. . . 291
livescerum, Gyll. .164| subsulcatum, Marsh. 158| lutulentus, Gyll. . . 292
loti, Kirby... . ..164 subulatum, Kirby .139}| Iutulosus, Gyll. . . 290
lott?,Gyll. . . . . 155]. sulcifrons, Kirby .157! nodulosus, Gyll.. . 289

INDEX,

obtusa, Sturm. .
similis, Latr.. . . 6

Warman see &
Bolitophagina etn BE

289 | Bolitophagus, “eae 7

PAGE
petro, Herbst... . 288
petrosus,W.C. . . 289
i ll. . 290
subcarinatus,S 8
tempestivus, Herbst. a
betule, Steph. . . 385
betula, Desbr. . . 386
brassicae, F. . . . 386
cerasorum, F.. . . 386
cerasorum, Herbst. . 385
cordifer, Foure. . . 386
glandium, Brit. Cat. 384
glandium, Marsh. . 385
Herbsti,Gemm. . . +4

Seaanaasens

Bostrychus, Herbst.
Bothynoderes,Schin. .
Brachonyx, Schon. .

pineti, Payk.. . . 321
Br ,

Brachyderina ...
Brachysomus, Steph. . 193

Calandrina ...
Cantharide .. 92
Cantharis, auct. nec. le 100
Carida, Muls. . . . 43
Carphoborus, Brit. Cat.

crenaius, F.. ... . 13
reticulatus, < FeeNeeas F

indigena, Herbst. . 321

echinatus, Bonsd. . 193
hérsutulus, F.. . 193
hirtus, Boh. . . . 193
setulosus, Boh 193

Brachytarsus, Schén. . 110

fasciatus, Forst.. . 110
scabrosus, F. rete ET
variegatus, Foure. . 110

varius, F.. .

Brachyrrhinine ae 171
Brachyrrhinus, Latr. . 172
Byctiscus, Thoms. .

- 119
alni, Mill... . . . 120
betule,L. . . . . 120

betuleti, F.. . . . 120
populi, Z. . . . . 120
Cenopsis, Bach. . . 187
fissirostris, Walt. . 187
ventricosus, Steph. . 187
Walitoni, Boh. . . 187
Calandra, Claire. . 388
granaria, Ol. . . 389
oryze, LZ. . . 389

. 387

421, 422

Cathormiocerus,Schén. 185

maritimus, Rye. . . 186
socius, Boh. . - 186
Caulotrypis, Woll.. . 395
eneopiceus, Boh. . 395
Ceuthorrhynchina. . 331
Ceuthorrhynchidius,
apicalis, Gyll.. . 363
asperulus, Boh. - 363
Chevrolati, Bris. ~. 366

cochlearieg, Thoms. . 362

473

PAGE
convezicollis, Boh. . 363
v. Crotchi, Bris.. . 365

Dawsoni, Bris. . . 366
depressicollis, Gyll. . 362
distinctus, Bris.. . 364
erythrorhyncus, Gyll. 362

floralis, Payk. . ~. 361
frontalis, Bris. . . 366
glaucus, Boh.. . .. 363
hepaticus, Gyll. . . 361
horridus, F. . aan
melanarius, Steph. .

minimus, Walt. . . oes
mixtus, Muls. . . 365
nigrinus, Marsh. . 362

nigroterminatus, W oll. 365
posthumus, Germ. . 363

Powerit, Rye. . . . 363
pulvinatus, Gyll.. . 362
pumilio, Gyll. . . 363
pyrrhorhynchus,

Marsh. . . . 362
quercicola, Payk. . 365
rufulus, Duf.. . . 366
spiniger, Herbst.. . 365
spinosus, Goeze. . . 364

terminatus, Herbst. . 363
troglodytes, F. . .

uniguttatus, Marsh. . 365
versicolor, Bris. . . 365

Ceuthorrhynchus, Duv. 340

albo-setosus, Gyll.
alliariz, Bris...
angulosus, Boh.. . 352
arcuatus, Herbst.. . 357
asperifoliaram, Gyll. 357
assimilis, Payk. . . 345

. 347
. 353

atomus, Boh.-. . . 346
atratulus,Gyll. . . 346
biguttatus, Boh. . . 354
brassice, Foc. 345

chalybzeus, Germ. .

¥. chloropterus,
Steph. : . 348

chrysanthemi, Germ. 358

cochleariz, Gyll. . 346
ceruescens,Gyll. . 348
concinnus, Gyll . . 356

constrictus, Marsh. . 346
contractus, Marsh. . 348
crucifer, Ol. . . . 359
cruz, W.C.. .. . + 357
cyanipennis, Germ.. 348
he, Foca Sp rSek
erice, Gyll. . . . 347
erysimi, F.. - 347
euphorbiz, Bris.. . 357

474

PAGE
gallicus, Gyll.. . . 336
geographicus, Goeze. 351
hirtulus, Germ. . . 349
hispidulus, Stev.. . 350
impressicollis, W. C.. 352
inaffectatus, W.C, . 353
inornatus, Wat. . . 353

litura, F.ietscnnte B58
lycopi, Gyll. . . . 356
marginatus, Payk. . 355

melanostictus, Marsh. 356
melanostigma,Marsh, 356
occultus, Gyll. . 357
y. pallipes, Crotch. . 348
picitarsis, Gyll. . . 352
pilosellus, Gyl/ . . 350
pleurostigma,Marsh. 353

pollinarius, Forst. . 351
punctiger, Gyll.. . 354
quadridens, Panz. . 350
quadrimaculatus,
Marah:..., 2.00 S67
rape, Gyll. . . . 853
resede, Marsh. 354
rotundatus, Bris.. . 355
rugulosus, Herbst. . 356
setosus, Boh. . . . 846
sulcicollis, Gyll. . . 353
sulcicollis, Payk.. . 348
suturalis, F, . « 847
suturellus, Gyll. 350

syrites, Germ. 345
tarsalis, Boh. 352
- triangulum, Boh. 358
trimaculatus, F. . 859
urticw, Boh . . 855
verrucatus, Gyll. . 354

vicinus, Kr. ‘
viduatus, Gyll. .

viridipennis, Bris. . 349
Choragina. . . 113
Choragus, Kirby 114

Sheppardi, Kirby . 114
Chrysoyphis, De G. 199
Cidnorrhinus, Thoms. . 338
Cimberis, Des Gozis . 115
Cionina a . 321
Cionus, Clairv. . . . 823

aauda, Herbst. . 326

blattaria, PF. . . . 326

hortulanus, Marsh. . 326

olens, F. . . 326

pulchellus, Herbst. . 326

scrophularie, L. 324

similis, M. C. . 325

solani, Gyll. . . . 826

thapsus, FP. . . . 825

INDEX.

tuberculosus, Scop. .

verbasci, F. 325
Cissophagus, Chap. 420
hederse, Schmidt. . 421

vicinus, Com. . « .

Oistela;. 2... <:'ts.2m 28
ceramboides, D. . 29
y. ferruginea, F. 29

Sulvipes,F.. .

luperus, Herbst... . 28
murina pls os lsc Sie AAO
sericea, Drap.. . . 29
Cistelide . . ... 27
Cleonus, Schén.. . . 238
albidus, /. - »- 240

distinctus, Steph. . 241
fasciatus, Mill. . . 240
glaucus,F. . . . 241
Lethierryi, Chevr. . 240
momus, Scop.. . , 241
nebulosus, Z.. . . 240

ophthalmicus, Rossi. 241

piger, Scop. . . . 239
quadripunctatus,
Schrank, . . . 241
scutellatus, Boh., . 239
sulcirostris, L. . 239
turbatus, Fahrs. . 241
Cleopus, Steph. . . 824
Clinocara, Thoms... . 37
fasciata, Thoms.. . 37

micans, Zett.. . . 87
minor, Walk. . ot ie
sepicola, Ros. . - 387
tetratoma, Thoms. . 37
undulata, Kv. futBF

Cneorrhinina . 208
Cneorrhinus, auct. . 208
Codiosoma, Bedel . . 395
spadix, Herbst. . 396
Coeliodes, Schén. 335
affinis, Payk. . . « 839
cardui, Herbst. . . 387
didymus, F. . 338
dryados, Gmel. . 336

erythroleucus,Gmel. 337
exiguus, Ol. . 839
fuliginosus, Marsh, . 337

geranii, Payk. + 339
melanocephalus,
Steph, . . . 336

quadrimaculatus, L. 338
quercus, F’, . 336
ruber, Marsh. . . 337
rubicundus, Herbst.. 335
rufirostris,8teph. . 337
subrufus, Herbst. . 337

PAGE

Colposis, Muls. . . . 52
Conopalpus, Gyll.. . 38
brevicollis, Kr. . . 39
flavicollis, Gyll. . . 39
testaceus, Ol.. . 39
Vigorsi, Muls. . . 39
v. Vigorsi, Steph. . 39
Corticeus, Piller. . . 22
Cossonina . . 389
Cossonus, Clairy. . 391

ferrugineus, Clairv. 391

linearis, F.. . . . 391
parallelopipedus,
Herbst. . . . . 391
Cryphalus, Er. . . . 428
abietis, Ratz. . . . 431
asperatus, Gyll. . . 430
binodulus, Ratz.. . 430
fagi, Nord...» 4382
granulatus, Ratz. . 431
picew, Ratz. . . . 432
Ratzeburgi, Ferr. 431
Thomsoni, Ferr. . 432
tilie, Pane. . 431

Crypticina .... 6
Crypticus, Zatr. . . 7
quisquilius ... 7

Cryptorrhynchina. . 328
Cryptorrhynchus, I/l., 328
lapathi, Z.. . . . 329
Cteniopus, Boh sctiaixe (ih
v. bicolor, F.. . 31
sulphureus, Z. 31
Cureulio, Z.. . 250
abietis, DZ. . . . . 2051
Cureulionide . . .115
Curculionina . . . 245
Curculionine . 212
Cyphus, Scop. . . 118
nitens,Scop. . . . 118
Dactylorrhinus, Tourn. 208
Deporaiis, Leach 127
betule, LD. . , 128
constrictus, Gyll. 127
levicollis, Steph.. . 127
Mannerheimi, Humm. 127
megacephalus,Germ. 127
Diaperina . Es 13
Diaperis, «ib 13
boleti, LZ. . 14
Dircea, F.. ats 44
rufipes, F, . 45
Dircea, Gyll. . . . 45
Dorytomus, Steph... . 272
affinis, Payk. . 278
v. agnathus, Boh. . 278

autographus, Ratz. . 437
bicolor, Herbst. . . 439

Marshami, Rye . . 438

septentrionis, Mann., 437
villosus,F. . . . 437

Dryops,F. . -.- . 59

Eccop .

Elenchus, Curt. ot a

tennicornis, Kirby . 457
Curt.

Walkeri, - . 457
Elleschina . . ~. . 294
Elleschus, Steph. . . 294

bipunctatus, Z.. . 295

scanicus, Payk.. . 295

, Ol. . 295
Eonius, Thoms... . . 89
i i * . . * 264

acridulus, L.. . . 270

sethiops, F.. . . . 270

bimaculatus, F. . . 269

equiseti, Thoms. . . 268

scirpi, F. . . . . 269
Ernocharis, Thoms. . 30
Ernoporus, Thoms... . 432
Eryx; Steph. . - . . 30

ater, Fo. 1.5) 80

INDEX,

melanarius, Germ.
Eubrychius, Thoms.
, Thoms.

velatus, Beck. .

Eudipnus, Thoms. .

Euglenes, Westw. .
Eusomus, Germ. .
oyulum, Jil. ..
Exomias, Bedel. .
araneiformis,
Sehranck. . .
brunnipes, Ol..
pellucidus, Boh. .

Glyptoderes, Eich. .
ocerus, Thunb.
cornutus, F. . .

6 | Gonodera, Muls. .

Gronopina ...
Gronops, Schon.
Ionatus, DZ. . .
Grypidius, Steph. .
equiseti, F. . .
Gymnetrina. . .-
Gymnetron, Schén.
antirrhini, a
beccabunge, L. .
collinus, Gyll. .
intaminata, Steph.
labilis, Herbst. .
linarie, Panz.
melanarius, Germ.
noctis, Brit. Cat. .
pascuorum, Gyll,
rostellum, Herbst.
tricolor, Marsh. .

y. veronicx, Germ. .

villosulus, Gyl/. . . 308
Halictophagus, Dale. . 458
Cartisii, Dale. . . 458
Hallomenus, Panz.. . 38
binotatus, Quens.. . 38
bipunctatus, Payk. . 38
humeralis, Panz.. . 38
Heledona, Latr.. . . 12
agaricola, F. . . . 12
Heliopathes, Muls.. . 8
mibbus, Pov.) ices 8
Helopina. . . . - 23
Helops, F- ance ct ei Gl
caraboides,Panz. . 25
ceeruleus, DL. . 24
pallidus, Curt. 25
striatus, Fourc. oe
testaceus, Kiist. 25

Hemérrhamphus,Bedel. 257

Heteromera . ... 1

Hopatrum,auct. . . 9
Hydronomus, Schén. . 285
Hylastes, Er. . . . 411
angustatus, Herbst. . 413
ater, Payk.. » « 412
cunicularius, Er. . 412
opacus, Er. . . .« 413
palliatus, Gyll. . . 413
pinicola, Bedel. . . 412
Hylastinus, Bedel. . . 414
obscurus, Marsh. . 414
trifoli, Mull. . . 414
Hylesinina . .. . 410
Hylesinus, F.. . - 415
crenatus, FP. . . . 417
fraxini, Panz.. . . 418
melanocephalus, F. . 418
oleiperda, F. . . . 417
varius, F. . . . . 418
vittatus, PF. . . . 418
Hylobius, Schon. . . 250
Hylurgops, Lec. . 413
Hylurgus, Brit. Cat. . 419
Hypera, Germ. - ; 229
adspersa, F. . . 232
alternans, Steph. . 233
arator, L. . . 233
arundinis, Payk. . ~ + 232
elongata, Payk. . . 234
fasciculata, Herbst. . 231
fasciculosa, Steph. . 231
Julini, Sablb. . - 233
meles, FP. . . - 236
miles, Payk. 234
murina, F.. . . . 235
nigrirostris, F. . . 237
pastinacee, Rossi. . 234
pedestris, Payk. . - 234
ne i De G. . 235
pollux, F. - 232
polygoni, L. - 233
postica, Gyll. . 235
punctata, F. . 231
rumicis, D.. . . «= 232
suspiciosa, Herbst. . 234
tigrina, Boh. . . . 234
trilineata, Marsh. . 235
variabilis, Herbst. . 235
viridis, Prov... . ~. 237

Hyperina. . .
Hypophleeus, Hellw. - 22
bicolor, Ol... st 22
castaneus, FP... . .
cimeterius, Herbst. .
depressus, Fr - 3
Hypothenemus, Westw. 427

476

eruditus, Westw.
Hypulus, Payk.. .
quercinus, Quens.

Tps, De G. .
lschnomera, Steph.
coerulea, L. g
sanguinicollis, F.
Tsochnus, Thoms. .
Isomira, Muls.

Lagria, F.. . °
hirta, D.. .
Lagriide ‘
Larinus, Germ. .
carlin, Ol. ;
Latheticus, Wat. .
oryze, Wat. . .
Leptocolena, All.
Lepyrus, Schén.
binotatus, Payk.
capucinus, Schall.
Limnobaris, Bedel. .
T-album, Z. .
Limobius, Schén. .
borealis, Payk.

dissimilis, Herbst. .

mixtus, Boh. .
Liophlosus, Germ.
nubilus,F. .
tessellatus, Bonsd.
Liosoma, Steph.. .
v. collaris, Rye. J
defleowm, Panz. .
oblongulum, Boh.
ovatulum, Clairv.

punctatum, Marsh. .

troglodytes, Rye.
Liparus, Ol. .
anglicanus, Steph.
coronatus, Goeze.
germanus, J. .
Lissodema, Ourt. .
cursor, Gyll. . .
denticolle, Gyll. .
Heyanum, Redt. .
quadripustulata,
Marsh ...
Litodactylus, Redt.

leucogaster, Marsh. .

lige pe

Lixina .

Lixus; Fo oe.
algirus, L. .
angustiatus, F..
bicolor, Ol. 4
elongatus, Goeze.

INDEX.”

filiformis, F... .
gemellatus, Gyll. .
tridis, Ol. . 2.
lateralis, Steph. .
paraplecticus, L.

phellundrii, De G. .

productus, Steph.
turbatus, Gy ll.
vilis, Rossi. .
Lymantor, Léw. .
sepicola, Low.. .
Lyprus, Schon. . .
Lytta, F. :
vesicatoria, DL,

Macrocephalus, Ol.
albinus, Z.. .

Magdalina . . .

Magdalis, Germ.
armigera, Four. .
aterrima, F. . .
atramentaria, Marsh.
atrata, Gyll.
barbicornis, Latr.
carbonaria, L. .
corasi; i. 0%
claviger, Kiist,

duplicata, Germ. .

Heydeni, Desbr. .

phlegmatica, Herbst.

pron, 0.
violacea, Z. . .
Magdalinus, auct. .
Mecaspis, Schon.
Mecinus, Germ.. .
' circulatus, Marsh.
collaris, Germ.
Jimbriatus, Germ.
marginatus, Beck.
pyraster, Herbst. .
Megacetes, Thoms. .
Melandrya, F
canaliculata, F.
caraboides, L
dubia, Schall. .
Melandryidee
Melandryina .
Meloé,Z. . .
autumnalis, Ol.
brevicollis, Panz.

cicatricosus, Leach. .

proscarabeeus, L.
vufipes, Bremi.

rugosus, Marsh. .
rugulosus, Brull: .
variegatus, Don. .
violaceus, Marsh.

PAGE

Meloide® .... 92
Merionus, Steph. 210
Metallites, Germ. 198
marginatus, Steph. . 198

Metcecus, Gerst.. . . 81
paradoxus, Gyll..83, 466
v. apicalis, Gradl. . 83

Miarus, Steph. . . 805
campanule, ZT. . . 305
graminis, Gyll. . . 3806
micros, Germ.. . . 306
plantarum, Germ. . 306

Miccotrogus, Schin. . 301

picirostris, F. . 301
Micrelus, Thoms. . 347
Microzoum, Redt. 9

tibiale, F. . . 10
Molytes, Schon. . 248
Mononychus, Schén. . 334

pseudacori, F. 334
Mordella,Z.. . . . 68

aculeata, L. 69

fasciata, F. . . . 69
Mordellide . Fs
Mordellina . .. 67
Mordellistena, Costa. . 69

abdominalis, F. . 70

brevicauda, Boh. 72

brunnea, F. . . 72

humeralis, L.. . é 71

v. lateralis, Ol. . . 71
parvula, Gyl/; v. in-
eequalis, Muis. . 73
pumila, Gyll.. . . 72
stricta, Costa.. = 92
subtruncata, Muls. . 72
variegata, FPF... 71
ventralis, F. x 70
Mordellochroa, Emery. 70
Mycetochares, Latr. 30
bipustulata, Ill. . 31
scapularis, Gyll. . 31
Mycetophila, Gyll. . 30
Mycterina. ‘ 56
Mycterus, Clairv. . 56
curculionoides, F 56
Myelophilus, Hich.. . 419
minor, Hart. . 420
piniperda, L. . . 420
testaceus, FP. . . . 420
Nacerda, Schmidt . . 60
lepturoides, Thunb. . 61
melanura, Schmidt... 61
Nalassus, Muls. . 25
Nanophyes, Schén.. . 322
gracilis, Redt. 322

Necydalis, F.. . . . 58
Nedyus,anct. . . . 335
Neliocarus, Thoms. . 189
Nemoicus, Steph. . . 203
Nemonychide. . . . 114
Notaris,Germ. . . . 268
Wothus, OMe oh oie sce A
Notoxus, Geof. . . . 84
-monoceros, Vl. . . 84
C2demera, Ol. . . 58
coerulea, L.. . . . 59
lurida, Marsh. - 59
nobilis, Scop. . . 59
(idemeride . . .. 57
Olocrates, Muls..-. . 8
Omias, Schén. . . . 192
Bohemani, Zett. . . 192
mollinus, Boh. . . 192
Omophlus, Sol. . . . 32
amerine,auct. . . 32
armeriz, Curt. . . 32
pubescens, Muls. . 32
Oncomera, Steph. . . 59
calopoides, Germ. . 60
femorata, F. . . . 60
SE jie Avscrracnn, ‘8
Opatrum, F.. . aD
sabulosum, Gyll, . 9
Orchesia, Zatr.. . . 35
micans, Panz., . . 36
minor, Walk... . . 37
picea, Herbst. . . 36
undulata, Kr.. . . 37
Orchestes, I. . . . 255
afinis, Steph... . . 261
alni, Bao) «: «> 0 258
avellanz, Don. . . 260
bifasciatus, FP. . . 262
bifasciatus, Gyll.. . 261
eapree, F. . . . . 262
decoratus, Germ. . 262

. 260

jotta, F< steer te. ves S61
lonicerm, Herbst. . 260
melanocephalus, Ol.. 259
_ vy. nigripes, Fowler . 259
pilosus,F. . . » « 259
pratensis, Germ, . 260
quercus,Z, . . . 257

INDEX.

PAGE
rusci, Herbst. . - 261
saliceti, Payk. - 263
salicis, LD. . . 262
saltator,F.. . 259
scutellaris, Gyll. . 258
y. semirufus, Gyll. . 258
signifer, Creutz. . 260
sparsus, Fahrs. . . 259
stigma, Germ. . . 261
tomentosus, Gyll.. . 260
Orchestina . . . 254
Orobitina. .. . 327
Orobitis, Germ.. . . 327
cyaneus, L. . . 327
Orthocetes, Germ.. . 265
setiger, Beck... . . 265
Osphya, Ill. . 47
bipunctata, F. 48
clavipes, Ol. . . 48
preusta, Ol 48
Ottorrhynchide . . .170
Otiorrhynchina 172
Otiorrhynchus, Germ. 172
ambiguus, Brit. Cat. 179
ater, Steph. =e AZO
atroapterus, De G. . 176
blandus, Gyll. 177
fuscipes, Walt. . . 176
hematopus, Schon. . 176
levigatus, Steph. . 177
ligneus, Ol. . 178
ligustici, L hag ROD
maurus, Gy/l/.. 177
monticola, Walt 177
morio, F., v. ebeni-
nus, Schén. . 176
muscorum, Bris. . 181
ovatus, Ii... 180
Picipes, F.. . - 178
raucus, F.. 177
rugifrons, Gyll. : 179
seaber, I. . . 178
scabridus, Steph. . 178
scabrosus, Marsh. . 177
septentrionis, Herbst. 178
i ign Tess . 178
squamiger, Steph. . 178
sulcatus, F. «179
tenebricosus, Herbst. 175
Ozystoma, Dum. . 131
Ozystoma, Steph. . . 132
Pachyrrhinus, Steph. 375
Pachytychius, Jekel. . 267
hematocephalus,
Gelb sa ies

Phleophthorus, Miill,

rhododactylus,
Marsh. . .

Phleotrya, Steph. .

PAGE

Palorus, Duv. 21
depressus, F. . 21
melinus, Herbst. . 21
Panus, Steph. 396
Pedining. ... 8
Pelenomus, Thoms.. . 375
Pentarthrum, Woll. 391
Huttoni, Woll. 391
Peritelus, Germ. 181
griseus, Ol. . 181
spheroides,Germ. . 181
Phaleria, Latr. . “cae
cadaverina, F, ee bf
Philopedina . . . . 208
Philopedon, Steph.. . 208
geminatus, F. - 208
Phieophagus, Schin. . 395

rufipes, Gyll... 44
Stephensit, Duy. . . 44
tenuis, Hampe. 44
Phyletus, Redt. . 16
Phyllobiina . . . . 196
Phyllobius, Schon. . . 203
alneti, F. = 205
argentatus, L.. 205
cesius, Steph.. . . 204
calcaratus, F.. . . 204
¥. cinereipennis,
u. rapes t-
y. cinereus, Fowler. 206
glaucus, Scop. . 204

y. griseus, Fowler . 206
maculicornis, Germ. 205

mutus, Gy) ; - 205
oblongus, LD . 204
Bomann; Ol. . 206
pyri, Z.. . - 205
pyri, Steph. . 204
uniformis, Marsh. . 206
urtice, De G.. - 205
vespertinus, F. . . 205
Viridieris, Latch. . 206
Viridicollis, F. . . 206
Phytobius, Schmidi. . 374

Phytonomina .

canaliculatus, Fa hr. 376
comari, Herbst. . 375
notula, Gyll, ete. . 376
quadricornis, Gyl/.. 377
quadrinodosts, Gyl/. 377
quadrituberculatus,

Po Clee Le ee)
Waltoni, Boh. .

478

PAGE

Phytonomus, Schin. . 229

Pissodes, Germ . 252
notatus, ” se 253
pini, D. . . 253
piniphilus, Herbst. . 253

Pissodina . 252

Pityogenes, Bedel. . 442
bidens, F. . 443
bidentatus, Herbst. . 443
chalcographus, DL. . 443
quadridens, Hart. . 444

Pityophthorus, Hich. . 432
Lichtensteinii, Ratz. 433
micrographus, Brit.

Cate . 434
micrographus, Gyll.. 434
pubescens, Marsh. . 434

ramulorum, Perris. . 434
P Scoticus, Sharp. . 433
Platydema, Lap. 14
dytiscoides, Rossi. 14

violaceum, ¥.

Platypodine . . 449
Platypus, Herbst. . . 452

cylindrus, F. . 452
Platyrrhinide 108
Platyrrhinina Sees
Platyrrhinus, Clairv. . 111

latirostris, F. . 112

Platytarsus, Schén.

Plinthus, Germ. 251
caliginosus, F. 251
Polydrusus, Germ. 199
argentatus, Ol. . . 201
cervinus, Ol. . 202

chrysomela, Ol. . . 202

confiuens, Steph.. . 203
flavipes; De G. 201
flavipes, Marsh. . 201
* micans, F.. . . 200
mollis, Strém. , . 200
planifrons, Gyll. . 201
pterygomalis, Boh. . 201

pterygomaticus, Boh.
pulchellus, Steph.
sericeus, Schall. .
sericeus, Steph. . . 202
tereticollis, De G. .

undatus,F. . . 201
Polygraphus, Er. . 424
pelygraphus, L. . 424
pubescens, Bach, 424
Poophagus, Schén.. . 339
nasturtii, Germ. . 340
olivaceus, Gyll. 340
sisymbrii, #. . 340
Prionychus, Sol. . 30

INDEX.
PAGE
Procas, Steph. . . . 266
armillatus, F. . . 266

v. granulicollis,
Walters : 266
picipes, Marsh. 266
Stevenii, Gyll. . . 266
Pseudocistela, Crotch.. 28
Pseudostyphlus, Tourn. 265
pilumnus, Gyll. . . 265
setiger, Perris. . . 265
Pteleobius, Bedel. . 417
Pyrochroa, Geoff. . 63
coccinea, DL. 63
pectinicornis, L. G4
purpurata, Mill. . 64

rubens, Schall. . . 64
satrapa, Schrank. . 64
serraticornis, Scop.. 64
Pyrochroide . : 62
Pythide . . Pawns
Pythina iy > 22°52" Serene
Pytho, F. . . Seale
depressus, Z.. . . 49
Rabocerus, Muls. . 53
Rhamphus, Clairv. . 263
flavicornis, Clairv. . 263
pulicarius, Herbst. . 263
Rhinobatus, Steph.. . 245
planus, Steph. . . 245
Rhinocyllus, Germ. 238
antiodontalgicus,
Gerbi: > ee R288
conicus, Froh.. 238
latirostris, Latr. 238

thawmaturgus,Steph.

Rhinodes, Steph. . . 396
Rhinomacer, Ff’. . 115:

attelaboides, F. 115
Rhinomacer, Geoff. . 119
Rhinomaceride, 114
Rhinoncus, Steph. . . 369

asperatus, Gyll. . . 371

bruchoides, Herbst. .

castor, F.. . 371
denticollis, Gyll. . 372
gramineus, /.. . 370
granulipennis, Gyll.. 371
guttalis, Grav.. 370

inconspectus, Herbst.
pericarpius, lL. . .
perpendicularis, Reich.370

subfasciatus, Gyll. . 870
Rhinosimus, Latr. . 54
planirostris, F. 55
roboris, Payk.. 55
ruficollis, L, 55

Rhynchenus, Clairv.

PAGE
ruficollis, Panz. . . 55d
Spinola, Costa. . 55
viridip2nnis, Steph.. 55

Rhinusa, Steph.. . . 807

Rhipidophorids Ly
Rhopalomesites, Woll. 392
Tardyi, Curt.. . . 392
. 255
Rhynchites, Schneid. . 121
eeneovirens, Marsh.. 124
equatus,D. . . . 128
alliarie, Brit. Cat. . 125

auratus, Scop. . . 122
Bacchus, L. . 123
betule, L.-. G 128
cceruleus, DeG.. . 124
conicus, Ill. . 124
cupreus, DT. . . 123
germanicus,auct.. . 124
interpunctatus,

Stephin Us) Pate

megacephalus, Germ. 127

minutus, Herbst... . 124
nanus, Payk. . . . 126
obscurus, Gyll. . 124

ophthalmicus, Steph. 126
pauxillus, Germ... . 125
planirostris, F. et

Desbr. 126
pubescens, F, . . 126
purpureus,L. . . . 123
sericeus, Herbst. 126
tomentosus, Gyll. 126
uncinatus, Thoms. . 126

Rhynchitina . See 8
Rhyncolus, nt 6 . 394
ater, Z.. . . . B94
chloropus, F. . 394
cylindrirostris, Ol. 393
gracilis, Ros. . . . 394
lignarius, Marsh. 393
truncorum, Germ. . 394
Rhynchophora . ol
Rhytidosomus, Schén.. 368
globulus, Herbst.. . 368
Salpingina . 50
Salpingus, Gyll. . 50
eneus, Steph. . 51
eeratus, Muls. . 51
ater, Payk. 52
castaneus, Panz.. . 51
foveolatus, Ljungh.. 53
mutilatus, Beck . 52
picea, Germ. . 51
ruficollis, H. R. Ww. 55
virescens, Muls, . 52

striatus, Hellen. i

oy
»
Qa
bs]

mapas Se

eretaceus,
pellucens, Scop
potentille, Germ.
primitus, Herbst
statices,Moncr. .
Sitaris, Latr.. . .
humeralis, F.. .
muralis, Forst. .
Sitones, Schén.. . . 216
brevicollis, Schin. . 222
cambricus, F. . . ar
chloropus, Marsh. .
¥. cinerascens, Fahr. 219
crinitus, Herbst.. . 220
flavescens, Marsh. . 223
griseus, F.. . . . 219
guttulatus, Chevr. . 225
hispidulus, F.. . . 222
humeralis, Steph. . 222
lineatus, Il. . . . aor

lineellus, Gyl/. .

INDEX.

PAGE
v. longicollis, Fahr.. 224
macularius, Marsh. . 220
meliloti, Wait. - 223
ononidis, Sharp. . 225
palliatus, Ol. . . 219
pleuriticus, Steph. . 226
puncticollis, Steph. . 224
regensteinensis,

Osis, se - 220
subaurata, Steph. . 226
sulcifrons, Thunb. . 226
suturalis, Steph.. . 224
tibialis, Herbst. . . 221
Waterhonsei, Walt. . 220

Sitonina .. ee 20816
Sttophilus, Schon. . 388
Smicronychina. . . 280
Smicronyx, Schén.. . 281
y. Championis,
cicur,Gyll. . . 283
coecus, Boh. . . 282
cuscute, Bris. . . 282
jangermanniz, Reich. 283

pugmeus, Curt. 282, 283

Reichei, Gyll. . . 282
Spheriestes, Kirby . 53
Stene, Kirby . . 20
Stenocarus, Thoms. . 337

Stephanoderes, Eich. . 427
Stervocorynes, Woll. . 394
Strepsiptera . . 452
Strophosomus, Schin.. 188
alternans, Schon. 190
asperifoliarum,

RID Men: ote 2 2D
capitatus, De G.. . 190
chetophorus, Steph. . 190
coryli, F. ... . . 189
faber, Herbst. . . 190
fulvicornis, Walt. . 190
lateralis, Payk. . . 191
limbatus,F. . . . 191
obesus, Marsh. . . 190
obesus, Thoms. . 189
pilosellus, Gyll. . 190
retusus, Marsh. . . 190
septentrionis, Steph.. 190
squamulatus, Steph. . 190

Stylopide. . . . . 452
Stylops, Kirby 455
ii, eae 457
Kirbii, Leach.. 457
melittze, Kirby . 457
Spencii, Pek. . 457
Syntrmina. . . 195
Synirmus, Bedel. 195 |

PAGE

Tachyerges, Schin.. . 257
Tentoglyptes, Bedel. . 432
Tanymecina . . . . 207
Tanymecus, Schin. . 207
palliatus, F. . 207
Tanysphyrina . . . 284
Tanysphyrus, Schon. . 284
lemne, F. . - 284
Taphrorychus, Eich. 438
bicolor, Herbst. . 439

? Bulmerincqui, Kol. 439

? fuscus, Marsh. . . 439
Tapivotus, Schon. . . 367
lysimachie, Ol. . . 367
sellatus, F. . 367
Tenebrio, L. . + waz
molitor, Z. 17
obscurus, F, 17
Tenebrionide 3
Tenebrionina 16
Tetratoma, F. 33
ancora, F. s*,; 34
Desmaresti, Latr. 34
fungorum, FP. - 33
Tetratomina. . . 33
Thamiocolus, Thoms. . 351
Thamnophilus, Schin. . 396
Threcticus, Thoms... . 256
Thryogenes, Bedel.. . 270
festuese, Herbst... . 271
Nereis, Payk. . . 271
palustris, Gyll. . 271
scirrhosus, Gyll. . 272
Tomicus, Lair. . . . 439
acuminatus, Gyll. . 441
corns Eich. - 442
laricis, F. . . . 441
nigritus, ‘Gyll. - . 442
octodentatus, Payk. . 441
sexdentatus, Born. . 440
stenographus, Doft. . 440
suturalis,Gyll. . . 442
typographus, L.. . 441
typographus, Steph.. 440
Tomicus, nt Pe Meee | 6 |
Tomoxia, Costa . 67
biguttata, Gyll. . . 68
bucephala, Costa. . 68
Trachodina . . 254
Trachodes, Germ. . . 254
hispidus, LZ. . . . 254
squamifer,Gyll.. . 254
yphleus, Germ. . 182
alternans, Gyll.. . 185
aristatus, Gyll. . . 183
tifoveolatus, Beck. . 184
laticollis, Boh. 185

480

PAGE

anyemsoone tina, Beles 183
scaber, L stiee 184
scaber, Schon. . . 184
scabriculus, L . 184
spinimanus, Germ. . 185
spinimanus, Thoms.. 185
squamosus, Gyll.. . 184
squamulatus, Ol. 183
Waltoni, Walt. 187
Trachyscelina 10
Tribolium, McL. 20
castanewm, Herbst. . 20
confusum, Duv. 21
ferrugineum, F. . 20
Tropideres, Schén.. . 112
albirostris, Herbst. . 113
ephippium, Boh. . . 113
niveirostris, F’. 113
sepicola, F’.. 113

Tropidophorus, Germ. ;

Tropiphorina . 195
Tropiphorus, Schin. . 195
carinatus, Miill. 195
mercurialis, Brit. Cat. 195
obtusus, Bonsd. . 196

tomentosus, Marsh. .
Trypodendron, Steph..
domesticum, L. :

lineatum, Ol. . 446
quercus, Hich. 445
signatum, F, 445

INDEX.

PAGE

Trypophleus, Fairm. . 430
Tychiina . . . . 295
Tychius, Germ. . . 296
brevicornis, Wat.. . 301
curtus, Bris. . . 300
flavicollis, Steph. . 298
hematocephalus,Gyll. 267
junceus, Reich. 300
Kirbyi, Wat. . . . 298
lineatulus, Steph. . 300
lineatulus, Brit. Cat. 300
meliloti, Steph. . 299
nigrirostris, Wat. . 301
parallela, Ol. . . 298
picirostris, F.. . . 301
polylineatus, Germ, 299
pusillus, Germ. - 301
pygmeeus, Bris. . . 301
quinquepunctatus, L. 297
Schueideri, Herbst.. 299
Schneideri, Brit. Cat. 300
squamulatus, Gyll, . 298
tibialis, Boh. . 301
tomentosus, Herbst.. 300
venustus, fF. . . 298
vernalis, Reich. 298
Uloma, Curt. . es
cornuta, Steph. a>
fagi, Curt. . | ane
Ulomina .. . ape

PAGE

Xyleborus, Dich. . 446
decolor. Boield. . 449
dispar, F. Pr 3 b
dryographus, Ratz. . 449
Ratzeburgi, Kol. . 447
Saxeseni, Ratz. . 449
subdepressus, Rey. . - 449
thoracicus, Panz.. . 447

Xylechinus, Chap. 421, 422,

pilosus, Ratz. . . 421
Xylita, Payk, . . . 48
buprestoides, Xesk: . 45
discolor, F. . » 45
levigata, Hel. . 45
Xylocleptes, Ferr. . . 485
bispinus, Duft. . . 435
Xylophilide . rae
Xylophilus, Zatr. . . 90
boleti, Marsh. . 91
neglectus, Dur. 91
nigripennis, Villa. 91
oculatus, Gyll, . . 92
populnens, F.. +, ah
pygmeus,DeG. . 91
pygmaeus, Muls.. . 92
Xyloterus, Er. . , . 444
Zilora,Muls,. , . . 46
ferruginea, Payk. . 46
obscura, F.. . . . 46
46

sericea, Sturm. , .

GENERAL INDEX

TO FAMILIES,

i
7

Abnormal eek on
Abrus, Leach.
Acalles, Steph... «*
Acalyptina. ..

, Schon.
Acanthocinus, Steph.
Acanthogethes, Reitt.
Achenium, Curt. .
Acidota, Steph. .
Acilius, Leach. .
Aclypea, Reitt. .
Acme@ops, Lec. . .
Acritus, Lec. . .
Acrognathus, Er. .
Acrolocha, Thoms. .
Acrossus, Muls. .
Acrotona, Thoms. .
Acrulia, Thoms. .
Actenicerus, Mill..
Actidium, Matt. .
Actinopteryx, Matt.
Actobius, 2.
Actocharis, Jans. .
Actosus, Rey. . .
Acupalpus, Lair. .
Acylophorus, Nord.
Adalia, Muls. .
Adelops, auct. .
Adelosia, Steph.
Adep

Aiadatie Laich.
Adonia, Muls. .
Adrastus, Esch.
4igialia, Latr. .
Aépus, Sam. .
Aetophorus, Schm.-

4, Geet) Cl ten oD

. * . a
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S88 Bs

VOL. PAGE

Agaricochara, Kr. . 2
Agaricophagus,
Schmidt. . . .
Agathidium, Ill. .
Agelasa, Mots. . .
Agelastica, Redt. .
Aglenus, Er. .
Aglypha, Rey. .
Agonolia, Muls, .
Agonum, Bon. .
ilus, Sol.. .
Agriotes, Esch.
Alaobia, Rey. .
Aleochara, Grav.
Aleocharina.
Aleocharinz, .
Aleuonota, Rey.
Alexia, Steph. Yar
Alianta, Thoms. .
Alleculide . °
Aloconota, Thoms.
Alophina Sry
Alophus, Schén.
Alosterna, Muls. .
Alphitobius, Steph.
Alphitophagns, es
Amalus, Schin.. .
Amara, Bon. ..
Amarina .
Amarochara, Thoms. ;
Amauronyz, Reitt.
Amblytoma, Mauls. .
Amischa, Thoms. .
Ammecius, Muls..
Ampedus, Dej. . .
Amphicyllis, Er. .
Amphigynus, Hal. .
Amphimalla, Muls.
Amphizoide .
Amphotis, Er.
Anacena, Thoms. .
Anerea, Muls. .

a)
im &

SHOTCKHORRMREDO PATER e CH Oe webb Kk aba

159

$3 &%
t=

GENERA, ETC.

VOL, PAGE

Anaglyptus, Muls.. . 4 -226
Anambus, Thoms.. .4 69
Anaspina. . . -5 7
Anaspis, Geoff. . -5 7
Anatis, Muls. . . ..3 162
Anchicera, Thoms. . 3 330
Anchomenina . e279
Anchomenns, Er.. .1 85
Ancistronycha,Maerk. 4 134
Ancyrophorus, Kr. . 2 384
Anisodactylina 1 54
Anisodactylns, Dey. . 1 56
Anisoscymnus,Crotch. 3 171
Anisosticta, Dup.. .3 160
Anisotoma, Il. .-3 23
Anisotomina ...3 13
Anisoxya, Muls. . .5 41
Anitys, Thoms. . . 4 198
Anobiide. . . . . 4 185
Anobiina. . . . . 4 186
Anobium, Ff . . .4 189
Anodus, Nord. . . 2 253
Anomala, Sam.. . .4 55
Anommatus, Wesm. . 3 278
Anopleta, Rey.. . .2 114
Anoplina. . . . 5 292
Anoplodera, Muls. . 4 235
Anoplus, Schén. - 5 292
Anotylus, Thoms. . . 2 380
Anthaxia, Esch. . . 4 68
Antherophagus, Lair. 3 311
Anthicidze E - 5 83
Anthicus, Payk. . .5 84
Anthobium, Steph. .2 425
Anthocomus, Er. . . 4 158
Anthonomina . . .5 313
Anthonomus, Germ . 5 314
Anthophagus, Grav. . 2 398
Anthracus, Mots... .1 39
Anthrenus, Geoff.. .3 361
Aathribide . 5 108
Anthribus, Schén. . ae 2m

482

Apate, ¥F.

Aphani sticus, Latr. -

Aphodiina “
Aphodius, Ill. .
Aphthona, Chev.
Apion, Herbst. .
A pioninse .
Apoderus, Ol. .

Apteropeda,Redt. .
Arcopagus, Denny.

Argutor, Meg. .
Aromia, Serv. .
Arpedium, Er. .
Artobium, Muls.
Asbolus, Voet. .

Asclera, Schmidt .

Asemum, Esch. .

Aspidiphorus, Latr. .

Astilbus, Dillw.
Astycops, Rey. .

Astynomus, Steph.

Atactogenus, Tourn. .

Atemeles, Steph.
Atheta, Thoms..
Athous, Esch. .

Atomaria, Steph.
Atomariina. .
Atopa, Payk.

Attagenus, Latr.
Attelabina . .
Attelabine .
Attelabus, L

Attelabus, Bedel. .
Auchenia, Marsh. .«

Autalia, Steph. .

Axinotarsus, Mots.

Badister, Clairv.
Badura, Rey.

Beocrara, Thoms.

Beoglena, Thoms..

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA, ETC.

VOL. PAGE

. 4 201

Bagoina .)) 6s 284
Bagous, Schon... . 285
Balanina . 382

Balaninus, Germ. .
Balanobius, Jekel. .
Balanomorpha,Foudr.
Baptolinus, K*.
Barina. 227%.
Baris, Germ.
Barynotina . :
Barynotus, Germ..
Baryodma, Thoms.

Barypeithes, Du. , 5 191,
197
Batenus, Mots. . Sei yBd

Bathyscia, Schiddte... 3 71

Batophila, Foudr. .
Batrisus, dubé.
Bembidiina .
Bembidium, Latr..
Berosus, Leach .

Bessobia, Thoms. .

Bessopora, Thoms.

Bibloporus, Thoms.

Bidessus, Sharp.
Bipalmati

Bisnius, Thoms.
Blaps, F.. . .
Blaptina. ..

| Blechrus, Mots.

Blediodes, Rey.

Bledius, Mannh,
Blemus, Daws. .
Blethisa, Bon. .

Blitophaga, Reitt..
Bolitobius, Steph. .

Bolitochara, Mannh.

Bolitocharina .
Bolitophagina .
Bolitophagus, 71.

Borboropora, Kr. .

Bostrichidz

Bostrichus, Geof’.
Bostrychus, Herbst.
Bothynoderes, Schon. .

Brachida, Rey. .
Brachinina . .

Brachinus, Weber.
Brachonyx, Schén.

Brachyderide
Brachyderina .

Brachygluta, Thoms. .

Brachypterina .

Brachypterus, Kug. .
Brachyrrhininz .

Brachyrrhinus, Latr..

Brachysomus, Steph...
Brachytarsus, Schon.

Brachyusa, Rey.
Bracteon, Bedel.
Bradycellus, Er,

Bradytus, Steph. .

Brontes, F.. .
Broscina. . .

‘Broscus, Panz. .

Bryaxis, Leach .

Brychius, Thoms. .

Bryoporus, Kv.
Bruchids .
Bruchus, LD. .
Bruchus, Geoff.
Buprestide . .
Byctiscus, Thoms.

vou
a
3
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1
1
2
2
3
1
1
2
5
5
1
2
2
1
1
3
2
2
2
5
5
2
4
4
5
5
2
1
1
5
5
5
3
3
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1
3
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1
3
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5

VOL. PAGE

Byrrhide.

Byrrhus, L.. .
Byrrhus, Geoff.
Bythinus, Leach
Byturide ..
Byturus, Latr. .

pRecechh buco be te oo. ie Eatoboipbien PN WOREHH HH OR OP RE OOOH ER RD EER DE oN wO wOwmod

Cacicula, Meg. .
Canoscelis, Thoms.
Cafius, Steph. . .
Calandrina . . .
Calandra, Glairv. .
Calathus, Bon. . .
Callicerus, Grav. .
Callidium, F. .
Callistus, Bon.. .
Calodera, Mannh.
Caloderus, Steph... .
Calosirus, Thoms. .
Calosoma, Weber. .
Calvia, Mulgs. . .
Calyptobium, Villa
Calyptomerus, Redt. .
Campa, Mots. .
Camptosomata .
Campylus, Fisch.
Cantharide. .
Cantharis,L. .
Cantharis, auct.
Carabide. . .
Carabina. . .
Carabine . ,
Carabus . .
Carapheles, Mauls. .
Carcinops, Mars.. .
Cardiola, Rey... .
Cardiophorus, Esch. .

Carida, Muls. . .
Carpalimus, Steph. .
Carphoborus, Brit.Cat.
Carpophilina
Carpophilus, Leach .
Cartodere, Thoms. .
Ganaida. Le. ee aks
Oagsidina .. dus, »
Cateretes, Gyll. . .
Cathartus, Reiche. .
Cathormiocerus,
BChOn.. 5 vine
Catops, Payk. . .
Caulotrypis, Woll.
Celia, Zimm. .
Centroglossa, Matth. .
Cepheniina. .
Cephennium, Miill.
Cerambycids . .

RY igen) le “es th ce, oe 2 ae 2 A ae ae <a Y te

365

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA, ETO,

YOL. PAGE

4
°
o
~
a
a
m
”

420 | Copelatus, Zr. .

38 | Cychramus, Kug. .
190 |Cychrus, FP... .
190 | Cyclica .
200 | Cyclonotum, Er.

9 | Cylindrodera, Westw.
9 | Cymbiodyta, Bedel.

cme... .4°220|Cleride .... 165 | Corymbites, Latr. .
Cerambyx, LZ. . . . 4 229/Clerina . . - 4 168 | Corynetes, Herbst.
Ceranota, Steph. . .2 11) Cleroides, Sobaff. . . 4 170 Corynetina . . .
Cercus, * «.« « & 222] Clerus,auct. . . 170 | Coryphium, Steph. y
Cercyon, Leach, . .1 253 Clibanarius, Des Gozis 88/Cossoninag .. .

itawa, Rey.. . . 2 117|Clinocara, Thoms. . 37 | Cossonus, Clairv. .
Cerophytida. . . .4 79)|Clivina, Latr. . . . 19 | Cratarea, Thoms..
Cerophytum, Latr. .4 79| Clypeaster, Latr. . . 3 146/Creophilus, Mannh. .
Cerylon, ~. » »- & 194/Clythra, Laich, . . 4 285] Crepidodera, Chevr...
Cerylonina . . . .3 193|Clythrina . . . . 4 284/Criocerinag . . .
Cetonia, F.. . . .4 57 | Clytus, Laich. . . . 4 224/|Crioceris, Geof. . .
Cetoniinag . .-. .4 56|Cnecus, Thoms. . . 4 191 | Cryphalus, Er.. ‘
Ceuthorrhynchina - 5 331 | Cnemidotus, Ill. . .1 156|Cryptarcha, Shuck. .
Ceuthorrhynchidius, Cneorrhinina . . . 5 208|Crypticinw . . . .

Du. - 5 359 | Cneorrhinus, auct. .5 208|Crypticus, Latr. . .
Centhorrhynchus, Cnestocera, Thoms. . 95 | Cryptobium, Mannh..

ides, Foudr. . 4 382; Aphidiphage , .3 157|Cryptophagina ..

Chilocorus, Leach. .3 175| Coccinellidxs Cryptophagus, Herbst.
Chilopora, Kr.. . .2 50| Phytophage. . .3 156/Cryptopleurum,
Chleniina . . . -1 31} Cochleoctonus,Desm..4173| Muls. . . .
Chlzenius, Bon. . .1 32) Codiosoma, Bedel. . 5 395 Cryptorrhynchina
Cholerus, Thoms. . .3 82 | Colambus, Thoms. 166 | Cryptorrhynchus, Il.
Choleva, Latr.. . .3 54| Coeliodes, Schén. . 335 |Cryptostomata .
Cholevina . . . .3 53} Ccenocara, Thoms. 196 | Céenicerus, Latr.
Choragina . . . .5 113} Cenoptera, Thoms. 228 | Cteniopus, Sol. .
Choragus, Kirby . .5 114|Colenis, Er... Ctenonychus, Steph. .
Chrysomela, L. . . 4 301/| Colobopterus, Muls. 18 | Ctesias, Steph... .
Chrysomelina . . . 4 298|Colon, Herbst. . . . 66 | Cucnjide. . if
Chrysoyphis, DeG. .5 199) Colpodota, Rey. . 129|Cucujina. .

is
Wa
Pr

287 | Cyphon, Payk.. .
287 |Cyphonina . ;
294 | Cyphus, Thunb.

22 | Cyrtotriplax, Crotch.
141 | Cyrtusa, Zr..
145 | Cytilus, Er. .

Claviger, Preyss. .
Clavigeride. . .
Cleonus, Schin. .-
Cleopus, Steph.. .

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484

Dacne, Latv. . .
Dactylorrhinus,Tourn, 5
Dadobia, Thoms. .
Dapsing . ..
Dascillide , ,
Dascillina . .
Dascillus, Latr.
Dasytes, Payk.
Dasytina. . .
Datomicra, Rey.
Deinopsina . .
Deinopsis, Matth. .
Deleaster, Hr.. .
Deliphrum, Hr. .
Demetrias, Bon. .
Demosoma, Thoms,
Dendrobium, Muls.
Dendrophagus, Schén.
Dendrophilus, Leach
Dendroxena, Mots. .
Denticollis, Piller.. .
Deporaiis, Leach. .
Deretaphrina .
Dermestes, L.. .
Dermestids. . .
Derocrepis, Weise
Deronectes, Sharp
Diacanthus, Latr. .
Diachromus, Er, .
Dianous, Curt. . .
Diapering ...
Diaperis, Geoff. .
Dichirotrichus, Duv. .
Dichirus, Mannh, .
Dierobia, Thoms, .
Diglossa, Hal. .
Dilacra, Thoms.
Dimetrota, Rey.
Dinarea, Thoms.
Dinarda, Mannh.
Dinoderus, Steph.
Diphyllina .
Diphyllus, Steph.
Diploceelus, Guér.
Dircaa, F. .
Dircea, Gyll. .
Dirrhagus, Latr.
Disochara, Thoms.
Disopora, Thoms. .
Ditoma, Jill. . . .
Ditoma, H. R. W.
Diversimani. . .
Dochmonota, Rey. .
Dolichosoma, Steph. .
Dolopius, Esch.
Donacia, F. .
Donaciina

PEED HOOD DEP ANWWORD NNN NWOHH AIAN RHEE WOWWONROWORNHEDNN NNR RARE Ob

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA, ETO.

VOL. PAGE

. 3 1

Dorcatoma, Thoms.
Dorcatomina . .
Dorcus, Mch. . .
Dorytomus, Steph.
Drilide 423 54426
Drilus, Ol... .s
Dromius, Bon, .
Drusilla, Mannh. .

VOL. PAGE

Drymoporus, Thoms. .

Dryocetes, Eich.
Dryocetina. .
Dryophilus, Chevr.
Dryops,F. . .
Dryops, Leach. .
Drypta,F. . .
Dryptina. . .
Dyschirius, Bon.
Dytiscide ..
Dytiscns, L..

Eccoptogaster, Herbst.

Ectinus, Curt... .

Ediquus, Rey. . .
Elachys, Matth. .
Elaphring . . .
Elaphrus,F. . .
Elater, LZ... .:Aw
Elateride ..
Elateroides, Schaff.
Elbidus, Rey. . .
Elenchus, Curt. .
Elleschina ..
Elleschus, Steph. .
Elmina .. .
Elmis, Liateees .
Elodes, Curt. . .
Empleurus, Hope .
Emus, Curt... . .
Encepkalus, Westw.
Endomychide . .
Endomychina .
Endomychus, Panz.
Endophleous, F. .
Engis, Payk. . .
Enicmus, Zhoms. .
Ennearthron, Veil.
Emveatoma, Muls. .
Enochrus, Thoms.
Enoplurus, Hope .
Entypus, Redt. .
Eonius, Thoms,
Epaphius, Leach .

B.S oe ahs ee Te, @

Ephistemus, Westw.

Epierus, Steph.
Epipeda, Rey. .
Epitrix, Foudr..

4
4
4
5
4
+
1
2
2
5
5
4
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
5
4
2
3
1
1
4
4
4
2
5
5
5
3
3
4
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
1
1
4
5
1
3
3
2
+

197
196

5
272
174

Epomotylus, Thoms. .
Epurea, Er. ;
Eridaulus, Thoms. :
Eriglenus, Thoms. .
Hrirrhinina. . ..
Erirrhinus, Sshén. .
Ernobius, Thoms... .
Ernocharis, Thoms.
Ernoporus, Thoms. .
Eros, Newm ..
Erotylide ... .
Eryx, Steph . . .
Esolus, Muls. . . .
Etheothassa, Thoms. .
Eubria, Germ. , . .
Eubrychius, Thoms. .
Eucnemidm® ...
Eucnemis, Ahr. .
Euconnus, Thoms... .
Eudectus, Redt. .
Eudipnus, Thoms. .
Euglenes, Westw. .
Eulissus, Mannh, .
Humicrina . ..
Eumicrus, Cast. .
Eumolpina . . .
Euplectina . . .
Euplectus, Leach .
Eupleurus, Muls. .
Eupoda ,
Europhilus, Chand.
orus, Er... .
Euryptilium, Vatth. .
Euryusa, Er. . . .
Eusomus, Germ. . .
Eusphalerum, Xr. .
Euthia, Steph. . .
Evesthetino ...
Eveesthetus, Grav.
Exochomus, Redt.
Exomias, Bedel,

Falagria, Steph. -
Feronia, Latr. . . .
Florilinus, Muls. . .
Fronticornia, Thoms..

Gabrius, Thoms. . .
Galeruca, auct.. . .
Galeruce .. :
Galerucella, Crotch -
Galerucina . &
Gastroidea, Hope .
Gastrophysa, Redt. .
Gaurodytes, Thoms.
Gauropterus, Thoms..
Geodromicus, Redt, .

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA, ETC.

VOU, PAGE

Georyssus, Latr. .
Geostiba, Rey. . .
Geotrupes, Latr. .
Geotrupina. ..
Gibbium, Scop.. .
Glossola, Fowler .
Glyptoderes, Eich. .
Gnathocerus, Thunb.
Gnathoncus, Duv. .
Ghorangs Fe &6y4%
Gnypeta, Thoms, . .
Goerius, Steph. . .

He He OU H® i BO DO HE CO CLOT DO He He Hm bo 69 09

Gontoctena, Redt. .

Gracilia, Serv.. .

Grammoptera, Serv. .
Graphoderes, Esch. . 1
Graptodera, Chevr._ . 4
Gronopina . 2
Gronops, Schan. Sia
Grynobius, Thoms. .
Grypidius, Steph.. .
Gymnetrina .. .
Gymnetron, Schén. .
Gymnuusa, Grav. . .

Gyrophzena, Manzh.

Habrocerine ...
Habrocerus, Er. . .
Hadraule, Thoms.. .
Hadrobregmus,Thoms.
Heemonia, Curt.
Halictophagus, Dale.
Haliplide .. P
Haliplus, Zatr. ..
Hallomenus, Panz. .
Haltica, Geof. . . .

Haltics . “« ,5

Hapalarea, Thoms. :
Haplocnemus, Steph..
Haploderus, Steph.

Harpaline ..
Harpalus, Latr.
Hedobia, Sturm.
Heledona, Latr. . .
Heliopathes, Muls.
Helocerus, Muls. .

PS erry Gay RE Sy ot BO DO CO HE DO CL OL OU OVER

2 OR BERBERS

373
373

164

Helochares, Muls..
Helodes, Latr.. .
Helodes, Payk. .
Helophorina .

VOL. PAGE

227
119

Helophorus, F. . . 1 233
a “he 23
Helops, F. . 24
Hemirrhamphus, Bedel. 257
Hemitropia, Rey. 133

Henoticus, Thoms. 327
Heptaulacus, Muls. 34
Hermzophaga, Foudr. 4 361

Hesperophilus, Thoms.

Heterius, Er...
Heteroceride . .
Heterocerus, F.
Heterognathus, Klug «
Heteromera.
Heterostomus, Dav.
Heterota, Rey. .
Torersinoee. Steph. .
Hilara, Rey.
Hippodamia, Muls.

poperphie, Foudr.

POE Pics
Histeride

Holoparamecus, Curt.

Homaliines .
Homalium, Grav. .

Homaloplia, Steph. .

Homalota, Mannh.
Homeeusa, Kr...
Hopatrum, auct. .
Hoplia, Ill. . .
Hydaticina. ..
Hydaticus, Leach

Hydnobias, Schmidt

Hydrachna, F.. .
Hydrena, Kug. .
Hydrobiina . P
Hydrobius, Leach

Hydrocharis, Latr.
Hydrochina. . .
Hydrochus, Leach.

Hydrocyphon, Redt. i

Hydronomus, Schon.
Hydrophilide .

Hydrophilina .
Hydrophiline . .
Hydrophilus, Geof.
Hydroporina . .
Hydroporns, Clairv. .
Hydrosmecta, Thoms. .

Hydrothassa, Thoms..

Hydrous, Leach.

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Hydrous, Brullé .
Hydrovatus, Mots. .
Hygrobia, Latr. .

Hygrecta, Rey. ..
Hygronoma, Er. .
Hygrotus, Steph. .
Hylastes, Er. . . .

Hylastinus, Bedel.
Hyleccetus, Latr. .
Hylesinina . .
Hylesinus, Bedel. .
Hyliota, Latr. . .
Hyliotina :
Hylobius, Schén. .
Hylotrupes, Serv. .
Hylurgops, Lec. . .
Hylurgus, Brit. Cat. .
Hypera, Germ.. .
Hyperaspis, Redt.
Hyperina Sat
Hyphydrus, I.
Hypnota, Rey. .
Hypocoprina .
Hypocoprus, Mots.
Hypocyptina ...
Hypocyptus, Mannh..
Hypophleeus, Hellw. .
pa! Sreggionc
Westw.. . as
Hypulus, Payk.

Ilybius, Er.. . i.
Ilyobates, Kr. . E
Intruncatipennes .
APNG op Si ee
pe Rs ow Bae
Tos Dei 5. i. 3
Ischnodes, Germ. .
Ischnoglossa, Kr. .
Ischnomera, Steph. .
Tsochnus, Thoms. .
Isomira, Muls. .

Ityocara, Thoms. . .
Iudolia, Muls. .

Labidostomis, Lac.
Laccobius, Er.. .
Laccophilina .. .
Laccophilus, Leach .
Lacon, Lap.. .
Leemophleus, Er..
Lemostenus, Bon. .
Lagarus, Chaud.
Deerie, F< ied. cs
Lagriids. 2+ é*%-
Lamellicornia .
Lamia, F..

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485

TOL. PAGE

228

486

VOL.

Lamiide . ;
Lamprias, Bon...
Lamprinus, Heer. .
Lamprosoma, Kirby .
Lampyride .
Lampyris, DL.
Langelandia, Aubé.
Langelandiina.
Larinus, Germ... .
Lasia, Muls.. . .
Lasioderma, ‘Steph.
Latelmis, Muls.. .
Latheticus, Wat. A
Lathridiide .
Lathridiina. . ,
Lathridius, Herbst.
Lathrimeum, Er..
Lathrobium, Grav.
Lebia, Latr. .
Lebiina

Leiochiton, Curt.
Leiopus, Serv. . .
Leistotrophus, Porty.
Leistus, Froh. ;
Leja, Meg. Panic
Lema, Ff... :
Leptacinus, Er,
Leptinidee ‘
Leptinus, Will.
Leptura, LD. .
Lepturina :
Lepturoides, Herbst. .
Leptusa, Kr .
Lepyrus, Schén.
Lesteva, Kr...
Leucopary veh, Kr.
Licinina . .
Licinus, Latr.
Limexylon, F. .
Limexylonide .
Limnebius, Leach .
Limnichus, Latr. .
Limnius, Mill. .
Limnobaris, Bedel.
Limnobius, Schon. .
Limonius, Esch,
Lina, Redt.. .
Lineidea, Mots.
Liodes, Latr. . .
Iiogluta, Rey. . .
Lionychus, Wiss. .
Liophlceus, Germ... .
Liopterus, M. C.
Liosoma, Steph.
Liotrichus, Kies.
Liozoum, Muls. .
Liparus, Ol. .

Ri nAPAD LVS ORME OO SRERORESLEEU ESS POSES REDE ateaeeeameedecace

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA, ETO,

PAGE

243

Lissodema, Curt, .
Litargus, Hr. . ,
Lithocharis, Lac. .
Litodactylus, Redt,
TAXING 55>. ral coh He
Lixus, F.. Fe ie
Lochmea, Weise. .
Longicornia. i
Longitarsus, Latr.
Lopha, Meg. . .
Loricera, Latr..
Loricerina .. .
Lucanide ..
Lucanus, I... .
Ludius, Latr. . .
Luperus, Geof.. .
Lycidee .
Lycoperdina, Latr.
Lliyctide® ». . .
Lyctus, FPF...
Lymantor, Léw. .

Lymneum, Steph..

Lyperosomus, Mots. .

Inperus, Chaud. .

Lyprocorrhe, Thoms. .

Lyprus, Schon. .
hytta; Foe

Macherites, Mill. .
Macrocephalus, Ol.
Macrocnema, Steph.

Macronychus, Mill. .

Macropléa, Hoff. .
Magdalina, F. . .
Magdalinus, auct. ,
Magdalis, Germ.
Malachiina . -
Malachins, F. . .
Malacodermata .
Malthinus, Latr.
Malthodes, Kies.
Mantura, Steph.
Masoreina .
Masoreus, Dej.. .
Mecaspis, Schon. .
Mecinus, Germ.
Medon, Steph. .
Megacetes, Thoms..

Megacronus, Thoms. .
Megalinus, Rey. .
Megapenthes, Kies. .

Megarthrus, Steph.

Megasternum, Muls. .

Megatoma, Herbst.
Megista, Rey. .
Melandrya, F. .

COHN ENNONOAOE SK RE RE RR OOO WOR OW CONE RH OP POPP RR RE ERP RR ROO

VOL. PAGE

5 53
-3 350
. 2 318
- 5 3874
237

?-
*

oubo
He OO
ow

VOL, PAGE
Melandryide . :
Melandrying . . .5 34
Melanophthalma,Mots. 3 292
Melanotus, Esch. . . 4 95
Melasis, Ol.. . . .

Melasoma, Steph. . . 4 308
Meligethes, Kirby. . 3 240
Melinopterus, Muls. . 4 30
Meloé, Dy 5 ts «125 BOS.
Meloide .... .5 92
Melolontha, F.. . .4 51
Melyride ... .4 154
Meotica, Rey. . . . 2 100
Merionus, Steph. . . 5 210
Merophysina . . .3 276
Mesites, Schén. . . 5 892
Mesosa, Serv. . . . 4 250
Metabletus, Schm.-
Goeb. . . 1 145
. | Metallites, Germ. . 2B 198
Metawya, Rey... . .2 WTA
Metccus, Gerst. . .5 81
Mezium, Curt. - . & 184
Miarus, ‘Steph. . - . 5 805
Miccotrogus, Schén. . 5 301
Micralymma, Westw. 2 407
Micrambe, Thoms. . 3 826
Micraspis, Redt. . . 3 168
Microcara, Thoms. .4 120
Microcera, Rey. . .2 174
Microdota,Rey. . .2 98
Microglossa, Kr. . .2 22
Micropeplide . . .3 217
Micropeplus, Latr. . 3 217
Microptilium, Matt, . 3 128
Microrrhagus, Esch. .4 78
Microsaurus, Steph. . 2 236
Microsporus, Kol.. . 3 147
Microzoum, Redt.. .5 9
Micrurula, Reitt. . . 3 233
Micrus, Matt... MBL
Millidium, Mots. . 3 134
Minotaurus, Muls. . 4 42
Miscodera, Esch. . .1 26
Mniophila, Steph.. . 4 375
Mniusa, Rey. . . .2 4:1
Molorchus, F. . . 4 228
Molytes, Schon. . 5 248
Monochammus, Latr. 4 248
Mononychus, Schén. . 5 334
Monotoma, Herbst. . 3 270
Monotomide .. .3 270
Mordella, L . 5 68,
Mordellide . .5 66
Mordellina . sping tty SER
Mordellistena, Costa. 5 69
Mordellochroa, Emery 5 70

Morychus, Er. .
Murmidiina. .

2
Myelophilus, Eich. .
lizena, Er. . E

Myrmecoxenns,Chevr.
Myrmedonia, Er. -.

e
:
g
:

Nacerdes, Schmidt
Nanophyes, Schén
Nargus, Thoms.

Nitidulina ..
Nosodendron, Latr.
Nossidium, Er. .
Notaphus, Steph. .
Notaris, Germ.. .
Notering. ...
Noterus -.) 0
Nothus, OF ts ee
Notiophilus, Dum,

Ft OU et Ot 09 09 09 0 CD He OD 09 CD CO OL ON OD He OL OT OD CO HA Co OL CO OL OK gp CO Co bO DO CO BO CO BY COL OUD

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA, ETC.

Notothecta, Thoms. .

Notoxus, Geoff. .
Nudobius, Thoms.

Oberea, Muls. "
Obrium, Latr. . .
Ocalea, Er. . .

Ochina, Steph... .
Ochrosis, Foudr. .
Ochthebius, Leach

Ochthephilus, Rey.
Octotemnus, Mell.
Ocypus, Er. .
Ocys, Steph. .
Ocyusa, Kr.. . .
Odacantha, Payk. .
Odacanthina y
Odonteus, Klug. .
(demera, Ol. .
(@demeridze
Olibrus, Er.. .
Oligota, Mannh.
Oligotina. . .
Olisthopus, Dej.
Olophrum, Er. .
Omalium, auct. .
Omias, Schon. .
Omophlus, Sol.. .
Omophron, Latr. .
Omosiphora, Reitt.
Omosita, Er. .
Oncomera, Steph. .
Onthophagus, Latr.
Onthophilus, Leach.
Oodes, Bon... . .
Oodina . .
Oomorphus, Curt.

Opilo, Latr. .

Orchesia, Latr..
Orchestes, Jil. .
Orectochilus, Lac.
Orobitina . ..
Orobitis, Germ. .
Orophius, Redt. .
Orsodacna, Latr. .
Orthocetes, Germ.
Orthocerus, Latr. .
Orthoperus, Steph.

a ah

Otiorrhynchide 0
Otiorrhynchina .
Otiorrhynchus, Germ

VOL. PAGE

487

vot. PAGE

Otophorus, Muls. .
Ouralia, Rey. .
Oxylemus, Er. .
Oxynoptilus, Kies.
Oxyomus, Lap. .
Oxypoda, Mannh, .
Oxyporine. ..
Oxyporns, F.
Ozystoma, Dum. .
Ozxystoma, Steph. .
Oxyteline ...
Oxytelus, Grav. .
Oxytherea, Muls. .

Pachnida, Rey.. .
Pachygluta, Thoms.
Pachyrrhinus, Steph..
Pachyta, Serv. .
Pachytychius, Jekel
Peederine .
Pederus, F.. ..
Palorus, ‘Dur.
Palpicornia. . .
Panageina .
Panageeus, Lair. . .
Panus, Steph. . . .
Paramecosoma, Curt.
Parasilpha, Reitt. .
Parnids-3i-a>.c9 42
Parnine.<.'a oles
Parnus, F. ait
Paromalus, Er. oe
Patellimani. . ..
Patrobus, Dej.. .
Pediacus, Shuck. . .
Pedilophorus, Stett. .
Pedinina. ..
Pedius, Mots.
Pelenomus, Thoms,
Pelobiide ..
Pelobius, Schon. .
Pelophila, Dej.. .
Palins -. 24 5«
Peltis, Reitt.
Peltodytes, Reg.
Pelurga, Rey. .
Pentarthrum, Woil.
Percosia, Zimm. .
Perileptus, Schawm.
Peritelus, Germ. .
Permidius, Mots. .
Peryphus, Meg. .
Pheedon, Latr. . .
Phenogyra, Rey. .
Phalacride . ..
,

a ‘shoe . 2) Se FS Bee we we
Fa aan enn Sie esto i aesibcasioe os el bss ea chp en fs tS btn nae ee Seu Ltd Bs eB He DO BO Or OLDS DO BO Um CO

6. » ae + ee ie ete

Phalacrus, Payk.
Phaleria, Latr. '

488

EE RNAKAR MERE OUEES TOON BAARRAOREEDKERAGR DRGs Re esGneanerous

Philhydrus, Sol.
Philhygra, Rey. . .
Philochthus, Steph. .
Philonthus, Curt. .
Philopedina .
Philopedon, Steph.
Philorhinum, Kr. .
Phloobiine. . .
Phicobium, Lac. .
Phlwocharinz .
Phleeocharis, Mannh..
Phlaeononus, Heer.
Phlewophilina :
Phlceophilus, Steph. .
Phicophthorus, MU iild.
Phleopora, Hr. .
Phileostiba, Thoms.
Phlootrya, Steph.
Phospheenus, Lap.
Phosphuga, Leach .
Phratora, Chevr. .
Phyletus, Redt. .
Phyllobiina . .
Phyllobius, De G.
Phyllobrotica, Redt. .
Phyllodecta, Kirby .
Phyllodrepa, Thoms. .
Phyllopertha, Kirby .
Phyllotreta, Foudr.
Phymatodes, Muls. .
Phytobius, Schmidt .
Phytodecta, Kirby
Phyteecia, Muls.
Phytonomina ‘
Phytonomus, Schén. :
Phytophaga .
Phytosus, Curt.
Piestine . ;
Pissodes, Germ.
‘“Pissodina .
‘Pityogenes, Bedel.
Pityophagus, Shuck. .
Pityophthorus, Hich. .
Placusa, Er. 5
Plagiodera, Redt..
Plagiogonus, Muls.
Plagionotus, Muls.
Planeustomus, Duv.
Platambus, Thoms.
Platarea, Thoms..
Platycerus, Geoff. .
Platycis, Thoms.
Platydema, Lap.
Platyderus, Steph. .
Platydracus, Thoms. .
Platynaspis, Redt..
Platynotus, Thoms.

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA, ETC.

. PAGE

223
141

v
Platynus, Brullé . .
Platypodine ...
Platypus, Herbst..
Platyrrhinide. .
Platyrrhinina .
Platyrrhinus, Claire.
Platysma, Bon. . .
Platystethus, Mannh.
Platytarsus, Schén.
Plectroscelis, Redt. .
Plegaderus, Er. . .
Pleurophorus, Muls. .
Plinthus, Germ. . .
Pocadius, Er. . .
Podabrus, Westw.. .
Podagrica, Foudr.. .
Podowya, Rey. ... .
Peciliwm, Muls. .
Pecilus, Bon. . . .
Pogonocherus, Laty..
Pogonus, Dej. .
Polychara, Rey.
Polydrusus, Germ.
Polygraphus, L.
Polyopsia, Muls. . .
Polyota, Rey. . . .
Polyphylla, Harris .
Polystichina oo
Polystichus, Bon.. .
Polystoma, Steph.. .
Podphagus, Schon. .
Porcinolus, Muls. .
Potaminus, Sturm. .
Prasocuris, Latr.. .
Pria, Kirby . .
Priobium, Mots. .
Prionide,. .
Prionocyphon, Redt. .
Prionus, Geoff... .
Prionychus, Sol,
Pristonychus, Dej.
Procas, Steph. .
Prognatha, Latr. .
Proteinine . .. .
Proteinus, Latv. . .
Psammobius, Heer. .
Psammeechina . x
Psammeechus, Latr. .
Pselaphide .. .
Pselaphina .
Pselaphus, Herbst.
Pseudidus, Rey. .
Pseudocistela, Crotch.
Pseudopelta, Reitt. .
Pseudophonus, Mots. .
Pseudopsis, Newm.
Pseudoptinus, Reitt. .

GUS ag eae hw pacdsad Rana en Ob uae dl nadad pe leeaedaneoane

-Rhinomaceride .

VOL. PAGE

Pseudostyphlus,
Tourn. . . «
Psilothrix, Redt.
Psylliodes, Latr.
Pteleobius, Bedel.
Ptenidium, Er..
Pterostichina .
Pterostichus, Er. .
Pteryx, Matth. .
Ptiliina .. -
Ptilinus, Geoff. .
Ptilium, Er. . .

@ ws te ot or er 8.4 gee Or OF aE ee ewe Ads kAAHOSCOKEES SChwwrrpwoks on

Ptinella, Mots.. .
Ptinidg .6 6 6 59
Ptinoidea. . .
Ptinus, L. .)
Ptomaphagus, Hellw
Pullus, Muls. . .
Pycnota, Rey. . .
Pyctocrerus, Thoms. .
Pyrochroa, Geoff. .
Pyrochroide .
Pyropterus, Muls,
Pyrrhalta, Joann. .
Pyrrhidium, Fairm.
Pythide ... .
Pythina: 2 93%
Pytho, 2.4 oe Res

| o_o

Quadripalmati. . .
Quediina .
Quedionuchus, Sharp.
Quedius, Leach. .

Rabigus, Rey. . .
Raphirus, Steph. .
Remus, Holme. .
Rhagium, fF. .

Rhagonycha, Esch.
Rhamphus, Clairv.
Rhantus, Lac. . .
Rheochara, Er... .
Rhinocyllus, Germ.
Rhinodes, Steph. .
Rhinomacer, FP. . .
Rhinomacer, Geoff.

Rhinoncus, Steph.
Rhinosimus, Latr.
Rhinusa, Steph. .
Rhipidophoride .
Rhizobius, Steph. .
Rhizopertha, Steph. .
Rhizophagina .
Rhizophagus, Herbst. 3
Rhizotrogus, Latr. . 4

265
162
388
417
136

58
60
109
129
194

129,
388
110
178

65
179

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA, ETC,

FOL. PAGE

Rhopalodontus, Mell. 4

Rhynchites, Schneid..
Rhynchitina .. .-
Rhynchophora. . .

Scybalicus, Schaum.
Scydmexnide . .
Scydmenina ..
Scydmznnus, Latr.

Hu
P
'S
Sy

Serropalpus, Hellen.
Siagontwm, Kirby .
Sibinia, Schon. . .
Silis, Lat. 2...
VoL. V. -

212

VOL. PacE

Stilicus, Latr. . .

Silusa, Er. . . . .2 188
Silpha,L. . . 3 46
Silphide.....3 9
Silphina. . . -3 41
Silvanina. o «8/308
Silvanus, Latr. - - 3 303
Simplocaria, Marsh.. 3 371
Sinodendron, F. . .4 6
Sipalia, Rey.. . . 2 166
Sitaris, Zatr. . . .5 98
Sitodrepa, Thoms. 4 191
Sitones, Schon. . . 5 216
Sitoning. . . - 5 216
Sitophilus, Schin. . - 5 388
Smicronychina . . 5 280
Smicronyx, Schén. .5 281
Smicrus, Matth. 3 127
Solenia, Rey. . . .2 137
Somatium, Woll, . . 2 175
Soronia, Fr.. . - 3 236
Spartophila, Chevr. . 4 311
Spercheina. . - 1 232
Sperchens, Kug. - 1 232
Spheridiinme .. .1 251
Spheridium, F. . .1 252
Spheriide . .. .3 147
Spherites, Duft. . .3 72
Spheriting. . . .3 72
Spherius, Waltl.. .3 147
Spheroderma, Steph. 4 373
Spherosoma, Steph. . 3 180
Spherula, Steph. . . 5 322
Sphegesthes, Chevr. . 4 225
Sphindide . .. .4 203
Sphindus, Cherr.. . 4 203
Sphodrus, Clairv.. .1 85
Staphylinide ...2 1
Staphylinina . . .2 246
Staphylinina . . .2 221
Staphylinus,[. . .2 249
Stenichnus, Thoms. .3 79
Stenine .. - 2 326
Stenocarus, Thoms. . 5 336
Stenocorus, Geoff. . . 4 230
Stenolophinag . . .1 35
Stenolophus, Dej. .1 35
Stenus, Jair... . .2 327
Stephanoderes, Eich. . 5 427
Stereocorynes, Woll. . 5 393
Sternoplus, Muls. . 4 195
DiGRnOeis . sc « & SS
Steropus,Meg.. . .1 62
Stethorus, Weise . 3 174
Stichoglossa, Rey. .2 39
Stilbus, Seidl. . = : 153
oe

Stomis, Claérv. .

Strangalia, Serv. . . 4
Strepsiptera. . . .5
Strongylus, Steph.. . 2

Strophosomus, Schén. 5
Stylopide ....
Stylops, Kirby. . .5
Subcoccinella, Hitber. 3
Sunius, Steph. . .
Symbiotes, Redt, .
Synaptus, Esch.

Syncalypta, Dillw.
Synchita, Hellw. .
Synchiting . ..
Synchitodes, Crotch .
Syntirmina . ..
Synirmus, Bedel. .
Syntomium, Er. ,
Synuchus, Gyll. .
Systenocerus, Weise

Tachinus. . .
Tachycellus, Mor. . °
Tachyerges, Schén.
Tachyporina . .
Tachyporine . .
Tachyporus, Grav,
Tachypus, Lac. .
Tachys, Schaum, .
Tachyta, Kirby. .
Tachyusa, Er... .
Tactotomus, Kies. .
Tenioglyptes, Bedel.
Tenosoma, Thoms.
Tanycrerus, Thoms.
Tanymecina . .
Tanymecus, Schén.
Tanysphyrina . .
Tanysphyrus, Schin. .
Taphria, Bon, . .
Taphrorychus, Eich. . .
Tapinotus, Schin.. .
Tarsostenus, Spin, .
Tarus,Clairy. . . .
Tasgius, Steph.. . .

o) 25'e! 21-6

ies O80 Soe ep vod SoC lanrie sb hates AB Ge ex Lal bn ane las ios bes Sb eh an Oe 00 OF On he

Teinodactyla, Foudr.
Telephoride . .
Telephorus, Schaef. . 4
Telmatophilina. -3
Telmatophilns, Heer. . 3
Tenebrio, Z. .°.
Tenebrioides, Pill.
Tenebrionids . .
Tenebrionina . .
Teredus, Shuck. .
Teretrius, Er. .
Tetratoma, FP. . .
Tetratomina ..

Crom 8 or Oligo or

489

490

VOL, PAGE
Tetropla, Rey. . . .2 109
Tetrops, Steph.. . . 4 2538

Teuchestes, Muls. . . 4
Thalassophilus, Woll.. 1
Thalycra, Hr. . . .8
Thamiarzwa, Thoms. . 2
Thamiocolus, Thoms. . 5
Thamnophilus, Schin. 5
Thanasimus, Latr. . 4
Thanatophilus, Leach. :
Thea, Muls.. . .»
Thectura, Thoms. .
Thermonectina .
Thiasophila, Kr.’.
Thinobena, Thoms.
Thinobius, Kies. .
Thinecia, Rey.. .
Thinonoma, Thoms,
Thinophilus, Rey. »
Threcticus, Thoms.
Throscide .
Throscus, Latr.
Thryogenes, Bedel.
Thyamis, Steph. .
Thymalus, Zatr.
‘TRI 5. a" oy Joe
Tihins,Ol. 5 Sues
Timarcha, Latr.
Tipnus, Thoms.
Tiresias, Steph. .
Tomicus, Latr. .
Tomicus, Bedel.
Tomoxia, Costa.
Tomyrium, Reitt,
Trachodes . .
Trachodina, Germ.
Trachyphlous, Germ 5

Sei ah Ch ie A GR ati aes ee de on ol we Go 0 00 0h OH km
o

.
.
.

Trachys, F.. . «
Trachyscelina . .
Traumecia, Rey. .
Trechus, Clairv. .
Triena, Lec.. . «

Triarthron, Maerk.

Tribolinm, McL. .
Trichiota, Rey.. «
Trichius, F... .

VOL. PAGE

» &-71

-4 60

Trichoderma, Steph. - 2 250

Trichodes, Herbst.
Trichonyx, Chaud.

- 4171
.3 98

Trichophya, Mannh,. 2 220

Trichophying . .
Trichopterygids: .
Trichopterygina .

. 2 220
- 3 107
- 3 108

Trichopteryx, Kirby . 3 113,
388

Trimium, Aubé. .
Trinodes, Latr. .
Tripalmati . .-.
Triphyllus, Latr. .
Triplax, Payk. .

Trirrhabda, Lec. .
Tritoma, FP... .
Tritoma, Reitt.. .
Trixagus, Kug. .

Trogina . ..
Tedeophicns: Mann
Trogositide. . .
Trogositing. . .
Tropideres, Schén.

Tropidophorus, —

Tropiphorina . .

Tropiphorns, Schin. . a

HGS ee -. . Fes th ke
Truncatipennes .

THE END.

Pa es Aaa a eee
~~
cS

ee PN Ee

4 46
a

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA, ETC,

iL. PAO

Trypodendron, Steph. 6 444

Trypophleus, Fairm.. 5
Tychiina. . . .
Tychius, Germ. .
Tychus, Leach. .
Typhea, Curt.. .
Typheus, Leach .

Uloma, Redt. .
Ulomiia... <.° -e

Vadonia, Muls.. .
Velleius, Mannh. .
Vibidia, Muls. . .«

Xantholinine ..
Xantholinus, Serv.
Xenusa, Rey. . .
Xestobium, Mots. .
Xyleborus, Hich. .
Xylechinus, Chap.
Xyletinina .. .
Xyletinus, Latr. .
Xylita, Payk. . .
Xylocleptes, Ferr.

Xylodrepa, ap
Xylodromus, Heer.

Xylophilides wth
Xylophilus, Zatr..
Xyloterus, Hich. .
Xylotrogus, Steph.

Zabrina . e« «
Zabrus, Clairv.. .
Zeugophora, Kunze.
Zilora, Muls. . .
Zorochros, Thoms. .
Zyras, Steph. . .

OPO EH POCONO RANE DN D WNP aT PHOWON

PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LD., 8. JOHN’S HOUSE, CLERKENWELL ROAD, 2£.C.

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Full text of "The coleoptera of the British Islands, a descriptive account of the families, genera, and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, with notes as to localities, habitats, etc"

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