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pat
FOWLER,Henry W.
1904
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA
Journal of The Academy of Natural Science of
Philadelphia, Second Series Vol. XII. Fart 4,
1904-
JOURNAL
OF
The Academy of Natural Sciences
OF
PHILADELPHIA.
VOLUME XII, SECOND SERIES.
PHILADELPHIA :
PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY.
1902-1904.
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.
Henry Skinner, M. D. Parire P. Catvert, Pu. D.
Henry A. Pirtspry, Sc. D. WirMER STONE.
Epwarp J. Nonan, M. D.
The President, SamurLt G. Dixon, M. D., ex-officio.
Epiror, Epwarp J. Noran, M.D.
1 ART.
2 ART
3 ART
3 ART.
CONTENTS:
BAR I.
I.—Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis in the Maturation, Fertilization and Cleavage of
Crepidula and other Gasteropoda. By Edwin G. Conklin, Ph.D. (Plates I-VI)
PART II.
. I11—Certain Aboriginal Remains of the Northwest Florida Coast. Part II. By
Clarence B. Moore
PART IIT:
. Iff.—Certain Aboriginak Remains of the Florida Central West Coast. By Clarence
B. Moore
. V.—A_ Collection
OW IOUD)
IV.—Certain Aboriginal Mounds of the Apalachicola River. By Clarence B. Moore
PART av:
of Fishes from Sumatra. By Henry W. Fowler. (Plates VII-
1 Extra copies printed for the author, November 15, 1902.
2 Extra copies printed for the author, October 22, 1902.
3 Extra copies printed for the author, September 15, 1903.
4 Extra copies printed for the author, June 10, 1904.
123
359
439
495
INDEX TO SPECIES, ETC.,
REFERRED TO OR DESCRIBED IN VOLUME XII.
New Species, ete.,
Acanthocystis, 65.
Acanthurus, 544.
ACTINICOLA, 533
Actinospherium, 18, 37, 43, 56,
59, 65, 68, 69, 103, 112.
ZEolis, 56, 59, 61.
papillosa, 6.
JETHALOPERCA, 522.
ALEPES GLABRA, 507.
melanoptera, 507.
SCITULA, 509.
Allolobophora, 11, 22, 29.
Amphioxus, 28.
Amphiprion, 533.
ephippium, 533.
percula, 533.
Anabantide, 530.
Anabas scandens, 530.
Anchovia commersonnii, 501.
encrasicholoides, 501.
valenciennesi, 501.
ANEMURA, 527.
Anguilla bengalensis, 500.
bicolor, 500.
Anguillide, 500.
Anthias johnii, 524.
Aphanostoma, 98.
APOGON EVANTDUS, 518.
frenatus, 519.
hyalosoma, 518.
melanorhijnchos, 519.
novemfasciatus, 519.
vittiger, 519.
Apogonide, 518.
Apolectus niger, 513.
Aprion typus, 527.
Arbacia, 98.
Archamia bleekeri, 519.
Arenicola, 25, 29, 54.
| Butis gymnopomus, 550.
are printed in Small Capitals, Synonyms in Italics,
Ascaris, 20, 2%, 35, 51, 52, 61,
(a, G8, Waly
megalocephala, 104.
Aspisurus, 544
Asterias, 52, 66.
Axolotl, 20.
Balistapus undulatus, 547.
Balistide, 546.
Barbodes binotatus, 500.
fasciatus, 500.
schwanenfeldii, 500.
Belonide, 501.
BENNETTIA, 524.
Blenniide, 552.
Bodianus, 522.
aurantius, 522.
INDELEBILIs, 521.
miniatus, 522.
Togaa, 522.
Branchipus, 20.
Cesio cerulaureus, 528.
ERYTHROCHILURUS, 528. |
tunaris, 529.
Callionymide, 550.
Callionymus sagitta, 550.
Callista gigantea, 396.
Campeloma lima, 481.
Canis occidentalis, 228.
Carangide, 506, 518.
Carangoides oblongus, 513.
GIBBER, 012.
malabaricus, 512, 513.
Caranx djedaba, 509.
forsteri, 510.
kuhli, 510.
mate, 510.
macrurus, 509.
malam, 509.
|
Caranx megalaspis, 510.
sem, 512.
SEMISOMNUS, 510.
Carcharhinus menisorrah, 499,
Cardium, 396.
Cerebratulus, 20, 29, 35, 36,
54, 66.
Cerithium 397.
Chetodon canaliculatus, 546.
trifasciatus, 544.
vagabundus, 544.
Cheetodontide, 544.
Cheetopterus, 29, 62, 66, 78.
Cheilinus diagramma, 539.
enneacanthus, 539.
trilobatus, 539.
Chiloscyllium indicum, 499.
Chirocentride, 501.
Chirocentrus dorab, 501.
Chlarias batrachus, 499.
liacanthus, 500.
OLIVACEUS, 499.
Chlariidae, 499.
Choerops schoenleinii, 535.
Chromis cinerascens, 533.
Chrysiptera unimaculata, 535.
modesta, 535.
Cirrhimurena chinensis, 501.
Citula armata, 513.
atropos, 513.
| Clarias fuscus, 499, 500.
| Clupeide, 501.
Cobitididee, 500.
Cottus scaber, 550.
Crepidula, 10--113.
adunea, 6.
convexa, 6.
fornicata, 6.
plana, 6, 7, 26.
Ctenodon ctenodon, 545.
Ctenolabrus, 98.
Cucullanus, 50.
Cyclocheilichthys siaja, 500.
Cyclops, 35, 52.
CyNoGLossts 0s, 556.
sumatranus, 556.
Cyprinus carpio, 500.
Cyprinide, 500.
Dascyllus aruanus, 533.
trimaculatus, 533.
Dasyatide, 499.
Dasyatis russell, 499.
Dentex blochii, 527.
mesoprion, 527.
notatus, 527.
tolu, 527.
Denticine, 527.
DEVEXIMENTUM, 517.
insidiator, 517.
Diagramma affine, 527.
Diaulula, 16, 17, 56, 57, 61, 69. |
Dosinia discus, 482.
Dussumieride, 501.
Dussumieria elopsoides, 501.
Dytiscus, 38.
Echeneidide, 552.
Echinus, 56, 61, 115.
Elagatis bipinnulatus, 507.
Eleotridine, 550.
Bleotris fusca, 550.
Engraulidide, 501.
ENTOMACRODUS CALURUS, 555.
LEOPARDUS, 554.
Ephippide, 544.
Ephippus argus, 544.
Epinephelus dermochirus, 524.
heniochus, 522, 524.
horridus, 524.
lanceolatus, 524.
maculatus, 524.
megachir, 524,
preeopercularis, 524.
sexfasciatus, 524.
Equula blochii, 517.
lineolata, 514.
splendens, 516.
Equutitss, 513.
Brythrodon, 546.
| Gazza minuta, 517.
| Georgiana vivipara, 481.
| Germo germon, 506.
| Gerres filamentosus, 530.
| Gobiide, 550. FE: |
| Gymnocranius lethrinoides,
INDEX.
Eteline, 527.
EUBLEEKERTA, 516.
EUELATICHTHYS, 527.
EUTHERAPON, 527.
EUTHYOPTEROMA, 527.
Eyenchelys macrurus, 501.
Eyoplites decemlineatus, 524.
Fasciolaria, 394, 415, 417.
Felis concolor, 228.
Fuleur, 56, 75, 160, 225,
365, 396, 417, 446, 474.
carica, 6.
perversum, 198,
225, 258, 268, 394, |
396, 415, 426, 435, |
447, |
pugilis, 196, 198.
Galeocerdo tigrinus, 499.
Galeorhinide, 499.
ZR. |
212, |
tapeiosoma, 517.
Genyoroge, 526.
Gerride, 530.
Glycymeris americana, 228.
Glyphisodon leucogaster, 535.
saxatilis, 535.
septemfasciatus, 535. |
Glyptothorax platygonides,
500.
platypogon, 500.
| Gobiine, 551.
Gobius sumatranus, 552.
VENUSTULUS, 551.
GRAMMOPLITES, 550. |
scaber, 580. |
bai.
Gymnothorax fimbriatus, 501. |
flavimarginatus, 501. |
Hemulide, 527. |
Halichceres, 537.
ANNULATUS, 536.
guttatus, 537.
hartzfeldii, 527.
leparensis, 537.
Halichceres miniatus, 535.
nigriscens, 537.
poecila, 537.
Haminea, 56, 61.
solitaria, 6
| Hampala macrolepidota, 500.
Harpochirus longimanus, 544.
Harpodon nehereus, 501.
HarPuRID&, d44.
Harpurus, 544.
GNOPHODES, 544
|) Helix 70:
Hemipteronotus baldwini, 541.
LIOGENYS, 539.
Hemiramphide, 501.
Hemiramphus far, 501.
Hemiscylliidae, 499.
Heniochus rhacrolepidotus,
544.
Hippocampus kamphylotrache-
los, 502.
kuda, 502.
TA NTIOPS, DOL.
Holocenthride, 504.
| Holocenthrus, 504.
albo-ruber, 506.
‘AUREORUBER, 504.
melanospilos, 506.
radjabau, 528.
Hymenophysa hymenophysa,
500.
| Hyporhamphus neglectus, 501
Hypselobagrus micracanthus,
500.
Tlarches orbis, 544.
Tlarchide, 544.
| Tlisha brachysoma, 501.
hoeyenu, 501.
Illyonassa, 56, 78.
Julis dorsale, 537.
(Halicheeres)
Done
miniatus, 535.
semifasciatus, 539.
(Julis) urostigma, 539.
harloffii,
| Kyphosidee, 530.
_ Kyphosus lembus, 530.
Labeobarbus douronensis, 500.
tambra, 500.
Labride, 535.
Labrus vittatus, 550.
Lacrarup® 517.
Lactarius, 518.
lactarius, 518.
Lagocephalus albo-plumbeus,
547.
lunaris, 547.
Leiognathidee, 513.
Leiognathus, 517.
blochii, 517.
bindoides, 516.
edentulus, 517.
SPILotus, 516.
splendens, 516.
VERMICULATUS, 513.
VIRGATUS, 515
Leiurus stellaris, 546.
Lepidaplois mesothorax, 535.
LETHRINELLA, 529.
Lethrinus, 529.
miniatus, 529.
opercularis, 529.
ornatus, 529.
Tmax, 13, 22; 23, 56, 59; 60;
79, 104.
Limnea, 29.
Lobotes, 522.
Lutianide, 522, 524.
Lutianus, 524.
argentimaculatus, 526.
biguttatus, 524.
cerulo-punctatus, 525.
chirtah, 526.
decussatus, 525.
FURVICAUDATUS, 525.
johnii, 525.
lepisurus, 525.
lineatus, 525.
lioglossus, 525.
lunulatus, 525.
madras, 524.
malabaricus, 527.
nouleny, 524.
percula, 533.
roseus, 525.
russellii, 525.
sebee 527.
vaigiensis, 525.
INDEX.
Lutianus vitta, 524.
Macrobdella, 64.
Macrognathide, 501.
Macropteronotus fuscus, 499.
Malacanthidee, 549.
MALACANTHUS URICHTHYS,
549.
Marginella, 446.
apicina, 169, 190.
Mastacembelus unicolor, 501.
Megalaspis rottleri, 506.
Melongena corona, 394.
Mene maculata, 517.
Menidae, 517.
Monoceros, 544.
Monopteridx, 500.
Monopterus albus, 500.
Mugilide, 502.
Mullide, 530.
Murenide, 501.
Murex flayescens, 482.
Myripristis murdjan, 504.
Mystacoleucus padangensis,
500.
Myzostomum, 20.
Nandide, 530.
Nassa, 78.
Nephelis, 50.
Nereis, 52, 112.
Netuma thalassina, 500.
Noctiluca, 37, 65, 71.
| Nototheniide, 548.
OcToeyNODON, 535.
ODONTOGLYPHIs, 527.
Odontonectes erythrogaster,
528.
Oliva reticularis, 397.
Oonidus, 547.
immaculatus, 547.
reticularis, 547.
Opalina, 69.
Ophicephalide, 530.
Ophicephalus lucius, 531.
pleurophthalmus, 531.
polylepis, 531.
SPIRITALIS, 530.
urophthalmus, 531.
Ophichthyide, 501.
Ophiocara porocephala, 550.
Ophryotrocha, 9, 20.
Opisthopterus macrognathus,
501.
Osphronemide, 530.
Osphronemus goramy, 530.
Osteochilus hasseltii, 500.
kuhli, 500.
Ostorhinchus, 518.
Otolithus argenteus, 530.
Pachynathus capistratum, 547.
Paracanthistius maculatus,
521.
| Paralichthys polyspilus, 555.
triocellatus, 555.
| Paramceba, 69.
Paramecium, 69.
, Parapegasus natans, 501.
PARAPERCIS ATROMACULATA,
548.
hexophtalma, 549.
PARKIA, 525.
| Pegasidee, 501.
Pentaprion longimanus, 517.
Pentatoma, 12, 48, 104.
| Perca rogaa, 522.
| Prerttca, 530.
| Petrometopon cyanostigma,
521.
formosus, 521.
pachycentron, 521.
| Pharopteryx corallicola, 530.
Physa, 20, 21, 29, 43, 54, 104,
112.
Platacide 544.,
Platax orbicularis, 544.
vespertilio, 544
Platycephalidee, 550.
Platycephalus indicus, 550.
PLECTROPOMA PESSULIFERUM,
520.
Plectorhinchus, 528.
affinis, 527.
radjabau, 528.
sebae, 528.
| Pleuronectide, 555.
| Pleurophylidia, 26, 29, 54, 104.
| Plotoside, 499.
| Plotosus anguillaris, 499.
| Polydactylus pfeifferi, 530.
Polycherus, 20, 51, 52, 98.
Polynemide, 530.
Pomacentride, 532.
PoMACENTRUS LEUCOSPHYRUS, |
533. |
tripunctatus, 535.
yanicolensis, 535.
violescens, 535.
Pomadasys commersonnii, 528. |
Premnas biaculeatus, 533.
EPIGRAMMATA, 532. |
semicinecta, 533. |
Priacanthide, 524.
Priacanthus tayenus, 524.
Prostheceraeus, 13, 22.
Psettodes erumel, 555. Bt
Pterois Junulata, 548.
Pterotrachea, 29.
Rachycentride, 513. |
Rachycentron pondicerianus,
513.
Raizero, 524
Rana temporaria, 98
Rangia cuneata, 234, 281, 282,
482.
Rasbora argyrotenia, 500.
Rastrum, 509.
Remora nieuhofii, 552.
Rhinobatide, 499.
Rhynchelmis, 17, 56, 59, 112.
Rhynehobatus djiddensis, 499.
Salamandra, 56, 70.
Salarias oortii, 553.
Salmo, 56.
Sardinella brachyosoma, 501. |
Saurida tumbil, 501. |
ScARTICHTHYS BASILISCUS,
552.
STIGMATOPTERUS, 553.
Scaride, 541.
Scarus cALus, 542.
canton, 544.
quoyi, 544.
PINGUIROSTRATUS, 541.
rubroyiolaceus, 544.
Schismatorhynchus hetorhyn-
chus, 500.
Sciena macroptera, 530.
INDEX.
Scizenide, 518, 530.
Scolopendra, 103.
Scolopsis bleekeri, 528.
Scomber kanagurta, 506.
lactarius, 518.
Scombervides tol, 506.
toloo, 506.
Scomberomorus guttatus, 506.
Scombride, 506.
Scorpenide, 548.
Scorpzenopsis oxycephala, 548.
Seyris indica, 513.
| Selar, 509, 510.
Sebastopsis polylepis, 548.
| SERIOLA CRETATA, 506.
purpurascens, 507.
Serioloidei, 518.
Serranide, 520.
Serranus analis, 522.
aurantius, 522.
Sida, 56.
Sregantres, 546.
Sillaginide, 549.
Sillago sihama, 549.
Siluride, 500.
Siredon, 35.
Soleida, 556.
Sparide, 529.
Sparus miniatus, 529.
Sphaerechinus, 115.
Sphyreena forsteri, 504.
TOXEUMA, 502.
toxeuma, 504.
Sphyrenide, 502.
Sphyrna zygena, 499.
Sphyrnide, 499.
SPILoTIcCHTHys, 528.
Spirochona, 65.
Stethojulis phekodopleura, 535.
Stromateide, 513.
Strombus gigas, 396.
Sycotypus, 56, 78.
canaliculatus, 6.
Syngnathide, 501.
Synodontide, 501.
Teeniura lymma, 499,
Tetraodon palembangensis, 547.
leiurus, 547.
Tetraodontide, 547.
Teuthidide, 545.
Teuthis canaliculatus, 546.
corallinus, 546.
javus, 545.
yermiculatus, 546.
virgatus, 546.
Toxopneustes, 35, 37, 48, 65.
54, 61, 66.
Thalassoma dorsale, 539.
hardwicke, 539.
lunare, 537.
MELANOCHIR, 537.
Theropon, 527.
jarbua, 527.
theraps, 527.
Theraponidee, 527.
Thysanozoon, 13, 15, 17, 19,
22, 56, oi.
Toxopneustes, 35, 37, 48, 65.
Trachinotus ovatus, 513.
Triacanthide, 546.
Triacanthus brevirostris, 546.
nieuhofii, 546.
Trichiuride, 506.
Trichiurus haumela, 506.
Trichopodus trichopterus, 530.
Triton, 20.
Turbellaria, 29.
Turriops turrio, 269.
Tylosurus crocodilus, 501.
leiurus, 501.
melanotus, 501.
nio, 11, 14, 17, 19, 27, 29, 38,
54, 56, 58, 61, 69, 109, 112,
113:
Tpeneoides moluccensis, 530.
sulfureus, 530.
peneus malabaricus, 530.
rosalpinx, 56, 78.
cinerea, 6.
Variola louti, 521.
Venus cancellata, 433.
|
a
=|
| Zenodon, 546.
CxrRULEOLORUM, 546.
niger, 547.
Zeus insidiator, 517.
Zirphea, 14.
JOURNAL
OF
The Academy of Natural Sciences
PHILADELPHIA.
SECOND SERIES, VOLUME XI.
PHILADELPHIA :
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
P. C. STOCKHAUSEN » PRINTER , PHILADELPHIA.
1904.
PReOEIPETION OF FISHES
FROM
SUMATRA.
HENRY W. FOWLER.
iv N°
aie Nee
“tional Muse
PHILADELPHIA :
By an inadvertence the following references to plates, in the text, are incorrect.
should read:
Page 546,
548,
549,
551,
552,
553
554,
555,
556,
ERRATA,
Zenodon ceruleolorum. Plate XXIV.
Parapercis atromaculata, Plate XXIV.
Malacanthus urichthys. Plate XXII. :
Gobius venustulus. Plate X XVII.
Scartichthys basiliscus. Plate XXV.
Scartichthys stigmatopterus. Plate XXV.
Entomacrodus leopardus. Plate XXVII.
Entomacrodus calurus. Plate XXVI.
Cynoglossus os, Plate XXVIII.
They
A COLLECTION. OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
By Henry W. Fow er.
During the late summer and autumn of 1901 Mr. Alfred C. Harrison, Jr.,
and Dr, H. M. Hiller formed an important zodlogical collection while pursuing
their explorations in Sumatra. Most of the reports on the different groups have
already appeared in the Procerpines of the Academy, and as the fishes comprise
a large part of the material they have demanded corresponding attention.
But two localities appear on the labels. With the exception of a few fresh-
water forms taken at Batu Sanekar, Tanah Datar, in Padangsche Bovenland, at an
elevation between 1500 and 3000 feet, the specimens were secured in the markets
or environs of Padang. Many are food-fishes, evidently of importance, though no
particular information concerning the fisheries, local names, ete., has been preserved.
The collection was submitted to me for examination by Dr. Samuel G. Dixon,
President of the Academy, to whom I am indebted for this opportunity of studying
East Indian fishes. At that time I was at Stanford University, assisting Dr. Jordan
with the work on his Japanese fishes, and later the United States Fish Commission
with their report on the Hawaiian collections. When first examined, the colors,
which had been well preserved, were noted, as the fishes had all been prepared in
arrack or rice-rum. After being placed in alcohol they soon more or less faded.
Through the courtesy of Dr. Jordan I had the opportunity of examining and com-
paring the fine collections in Stanford University. From the other well-known
ichthyologists located there I also received many courtesies, especially from Dr.
Oliver P. Jenkins, who freely placed his collection of Hawaiian fishes at my dis-
posal. Iam also indebted to Dr. Barton W. Evermann, for suggestions and com-
parisons with Hawaiian forms. Dr. Seth E. Meek has also kindly forwarded notes
on his collection of Aden fishes. Finally, to the naturalists of the Academy I wish
to express appreciation for many courtesies, more especially to Mr. Witmer Stone
and Dr. Henry A. Pilsbry. To these gentlemen I am under many obligations.
Mr. Stone has not only granted numerous and varied favors but also freely offered
advice and excellent suggestions. Upon returning to Philadelphia I found it neces-
sary to entirely revise the original manuscripts written at Stanford University,
more especially as the library and museum of the Academy offers so many facilities
for consultation and comparison. At present the material is contained in the
Academy with the exception of a series of duplicates left in Stanford University.
The latter includes several cotypes.
Difficulty, as usual, has been experienced in the identification of a number of
_species, owing to the short, incomplete or unsatisfactory accounts, with little relation
63 JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA., VOL. XII.
498 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
or attention to geographical distribution. Many forms said to range throughout the
Indian and Pacific Oceans should be examined and compared by means of abund-
ance of material before such views can be established as absolutely final. My own
acquaintance with the Japanese ichthyic fauna has at least convinced me of its great
difference from the East Indian, but few forms straying up in the warm southern
current. So far as one may judge at present that of the Indian basin has much in
common, but just what exhaustive material will indicate remains to be seen. The
work of the early writers on Red Sea and East African forms still needs the most
careful and scrutinizing attention, as it forms the basis of much of the work of
their successors also in other regions. In some cases I have been led to renounce
their decisions, due in larger part to incongruities and differences accruing in the
works of the latter. Polynesia, Micronesia and Australia also indicate different
faunas, though they also display considerable East Indian infusion.
In matters of nomenclature I have followed the code of the American Ornithol-
ogists’ Union, with several exceptions. These have.already been noticed by Drs.
Jordan and Evermann. They concern the names of males having precedence over
names of females when occurring on the same page, and the spelling of names.
These conclusions appear to me valid. However, I do not accept the views of Dr.
Jordan regarding the selection of the first species as the type of a composite genus,
unless the author or first reviser has so indicated. Elimination is now so generally
accepted by the majority of American naturalists that its rejection can only lead to
confusion. I might also add that all names spelled differently, such as Zenodon
for Xenodon, etc., are regarded as different.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 499
HEMISCYLLIIDA.,
1. CHILOSCYLLIUM INDICUM (Gmelin).
GALEORHINID&A.
2. GALEOCERDO TIGRINUS Miller and Henle.
CARCHARHINUS MENISORRAH (Miiller and Henle).
SPHYRNIDA.
4. SPHYRNA ZYG@NA (Linnzeus).
RHINOBATIDA.
5. RHYNCHOBATUS DJIDDENSIS (Forsk&l).
DASYATIIDE.
6. TeNIuRA LymMa (Forskal).
7. DASyATIS RUSSELLII (Gray).
PLOTOSIDZ-.
8. PLoTosuUS ANGUILLARIS (Bloch).
CHLARIIDA.
9. CHLARIAS BATRACHUS (Linnzus).
10. CHLARIAS OLIVACEUS sp. nov. Plate XXVIII, lower figure.
Clarias fuscus Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 1840, p. 284. Sumatra. (M. Desjardins.) (Not
Macropteronotus fuscus Lacépéde).
Head 51; depth 7; D. 66; A. 51; P. I, 9; V. 6; width of head 1+ in its
length; depth of head 2; snout 22; eye 11; width of mouth 21; interorbital 1, ;
pectoral spine 2}; pectoral fin 14; ventral 21; caudal 11; least depth of caudal
peduncle 3.
Body elongate.
Head broad and strongly depressed. Snout broad and flattened. Eye small,
and well anterior. Mouth broad, and with rather thin papillose lips. Teeth
minute, rather sharp, and in broad bands in jaws. A broad crescent-shaped patch
of fine teeth on vomer with a slight projection posteriorly. Anterior nostrils in
short tubes near edge of snout, but closer together than posterior. Posterior slit-
like, behind bases of nasal barbels midway between anterior and front margin of
eye. Interorbital space broad, flattened, and slightly elevated, especially poster-
iorly. Nasal barbel reaching almost opposite edge of gill-opening. Maxillary
barbel not quite reaching tip of pectoral spine. Outer mental barbel reaching
about first two-fifths of pectoral spine. Inner mental barbel reaching base of
pectoral spine. Fontanel shaped like a plumb-bob, rounded posteriorly, and not
quite equal to space between two nasal barbels. Interparietal fontanel about
equal to eye.
Gill-rakers slender, moderate in number, pointed and not as long as filaments
on first arch.
Skin rather smooth. Lateral line somewhat obsolete along middle of side to
base of caudal.
Dorsal beginning well behind tip of depressed pectoral, and separate from
caudal posteriorly. Anal similar to dorsal and inserted a little nearer tip of snout
than base of caudal. Pectoral a little less than half of space to ventral. Pectoral
500 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
spine smooth on outer surface, and equal to about two-thirds length of fin.
Ventral inserted well behind origin of dorsal and reaching past origin of anal.
Caudal elongate and rounded. Anal papilla long.
Color in arrack dark blackish-olive above, lower surface brown. Vertical fins
blackish-olive. Pectoral and ventral brownish, darker above. Indistinct traces
of vertical series of pale dots on sides of back. Barbels blackish. Peritoneum
whitish.
Length 114 inches.
Type No. 27,280, A. N.S. P. Padang.
This fish, originally described by Valenciennes, is said to have the head,
measured to end of occipitial process, 42 in total length of body, including caudal,
and fins with 67 dorsal and 48 anal rays. The Formosan fish figured by Drs.
Jordan and Evermann as Ch/arzas fuscus (Lacépéde) is certainly different. A com-
parison of the type with four cotypes with same data, and measuring 74 to 104
inches, shows dorsal ranging from 60 to 63 and anal 50 or 51 rays. It is, however,
in the more slender or elongate body that olzvaceus differs from related species.
Space between occiput and dorsal was found to be 24, 22, 24, 22 and 27 in head,
measured from former point to tip of snout. Gull-rakers 5+ 4 on first arch of one
of cotypes. Possibly records for Chlarzas lzacanthus in Sumatra should go with
this species.
(Olzvaceus, olive-color.)
SILURID.
11. NETUMA THALASSINA (Rippell).
12. HypsSELOBAGRUS MICRACANTHUS (Bleeker).
13. GLYPTOTHORAX PLATYPOGONIDEs (Bleeker).
14. GLyPTOTHORAX PLATYPOGON (Valenciennes).
COBITIDIDA.
15. HyMENOPHYSA HYMENOPHYSA (Bleeker).
CYPRINIDA.
16. SCHISMATORHYNCHUS HETORHYNCHUS (Bleeker).
17. OSTEOCHILUS HASSELTII (Valenciennes).
18. OSTEOCHILUS KUHLI (Bleeker).
19. LABEOBARBUS TAMBRA (Valenciennes).
20. LABEOBARBUS DOURONENSIs (Valenciennes).
21. CYCLOCHEILICHTHYS SIAJA (Bleeker).
22. BARBODES SCHWANENFELDII (Bleeker).
23. BARBODES FASCIATUS (Bleeker).
24. BARBODES BINOTATUS (Valenciennes).
25. HAMPALA MACROLEPIDOTA (Valenciennes).
26. RASBORA ARGYROTAENIA (Bleeker).
27. MySTACOLEUCUS PADANGENSIS (Bleeker).
28. CyPRINUS CARPIO Linnzeus.
MONOPTERIDZ:.
29. MONOPTERUS ALBUS (Zuiew).
ANGUILLID-A.,
30. ANGUILLA BENGALENSIS (Gray).
31. ANGUILLA BICOLOR McClelland.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 501
OPHICHTHYIDA.
32. CIRRHIMURENA CHINENSIS Kaup.
MURANIDA.
33. EVENCHELYS MACRURUS (Bleeker).
34. GYMNOTHORAX FIMBRIATUS (Bennett).
35. GYMNOTHORAX FLAVIMARGINATUS (Riippell).
CHIROCENTRIDZA.
36. CHIROCENTRUS DORAB (Forskal).
CLUPEIDA.
37. SARDINELLA BRACHYSOMA (Bleeker).
38. ILISHA HOEVENI! (Bleeker).
39. ILISHA BRACHYSOMA (Bleeker).
40. OPpisTHOPTERUS MACROGNATHUS (Bleeker).
DUSSUMIERIDA.
41. DUSSUMIERIA ELOPSOIDES Bleeker.
ENGRAULIDIDA.
42, ANCHOVIA COMMERSONNII (Lacépéde).
43. ANCHOVIA ENCRASICHOLOIDES (Bleeker).
44, ANCHOVIA VALENCIENNESI (Bleeker).
SYNODONTID&A.,
45. SAURIDA TUMBIL (Bloch).
46. HARPODON NEHEREUS (Hamilton).
MACROGNATHID&.
47. MASTACEMBELUS UNICOLOR Valenciennes. Plate VIII, upper figure.
BELONID.
48. TyLosurRus LEIuRUs (Bleeker).
49. TyLosurus MELANOTUs (Bleeker).
50. TyLosuruS crocopiLus (Lesueur). Plate IX, upper figure.
HEMIRAMPHIDZ.
51. HyPORHAMPHUS NEGLECTUS (Bleeker).
52. HEMIRAMPHUS FAR (Forska&l).
PEGASID&.
538. PARAPEGASUS NATANS (Linnzus). Plate VII, two figures above to right.
SYNGNATHIDZ-.
54. HIPPOCAMPUS TANIOPS sp. nov. Plate VII, upper figure to left.
Head 1} in trunk, measured to gill-opening; depth of trunk 24+ in its
length; width of trunk 33; trunk 12 in tail; D. 18; A. 4; P. 16; rings
11+ 37; depth of head, at coronet, 13 in its length; width of head 23; snout
275; eye 7; base of dorsal 22; interorbital space 2 in eye.
Body rather deep, trunk short and compressed. Tail tapering, quadrangular,
with rather slender point.
Head rather deep and compressed. Snout long, of about even depth. Eye
small, a trifle posterior in head. Mouth terminal, small, superior, and with rather
thin jaws slightly protruding above and below. Nostrils small, close to middle
502 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
of front rim of orbit. Interorbital space narrow, triangular, angle forming a little
in front of eyes.
Gill-opening small, lateral, opening upward, high and close to nape near
nuchal keel. Coronet high, its upper surface concave, with two lateral and one
posterior tubercles, and also an elevated prominence springing from ridge in front.
Below latter, on each side of head, a round tubercle. Interorbital space with
each side of triangle continued as bony ridges till over middle of eye, where
they each form a round supraorbital tubercle. Shoulder girdle with three large
round tubercles. Bones on side of head, especially opercles, with fine radiating
strie. Rings with concave surfaces, without spines, and with few rounded tuber-
cles, best developed on ridges of first ring, lower lateral ridges of trunk, and first
four or five of tail. None distinctly enlarged at regular intervals.
Fins small, with simple rays. Dorsal rather low, beginning on middle of
tenth ring and then extending on to second caudal ring: near its posterior margin.
Anal small, short, on first caudal ring. Pectoral with a broad base, rays rather
short. ,
Color in arrack dark brown, more or less indistinctly mottled with paler.
About five deep brown oblique cross-bars on side of snout. Several oblique deep
brown cross-bars on side of head. A deep almost blackish-brown band along
median compartment of spaces on side of trunk from base of pectoral to tail. Body
marked everywhere with numerous minute whitish dots. Fins pale, their bases
dark, especially that of dorsal.
Length, measured from top of coronet to tip of extended tail, 54 inches.
Type No. 27,409, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is close to Hzppocampus kuda Bleeker,’ which has
also been recorded from Priaman and Sibogha,? and with which it may prove identi-
cal. However, it has one more dorsal ray, and the color is entirely different from
that given in the original description. My example also has more caudal rings.
The Japanese example placed by Messrs. Jordan and Snyder® with H. £uda may
still be different. It differs from my specimen in such points as its agrees with
Bleeker’s, though its coloration is different from either. /zppocampus kamphylo-
trachelos Bleeker* is the only other species known from Sumatra. It differs in
having twenty dorsal rays.
(Tawia, band; ay, face.)
MUGILID&.
5d. LizA C#RULEOMACULATA (Lacépéde). Plate XI, upper figure.
SPHYRANID&-.
56. SPHYR#ZNA TOXEUMA sp. nov. Plate IX, middle figure.
Head 31; depth 74; D. V—I, 9; A. II, 8; P. II, 12; V.I, 5; scales to base
of caudal in lateral line about 110 (squamation injured) ; 12? scales between origin
‘Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., IIT, 1852, p. 82. Singapore, in mari.
* Act. Soe. Sci. Ind. Neerl. (Zesd. Bijd. Visch. Sumatra), III, 1857, p. 30.
* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1901, p. 15. Ishigaki, Yaeyama Island, Riukiu.
4 Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., VII, 1854, p. 107. Priaman, in mari.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 505
of second dorsal and lateral line ; about 15 scales between latter and origin of anal;
width of head 5 in its leneth; depth of head 2¢; mandible 14; length of depressed
spinous dorsal 3; of depressed soft dorsal 2+; of depressed anal 24; least depth of
caudal peduncle 42; pectoral 22; ventral 373 snout 21 in head, from its tip; eye
45; maxillary 21; interorbital space 41.
Body elongate, rather slender, though thicker anteriorly and more compressed
posteriorly. Greatest depth about origins of soft dorsal and anal. Caudal peduncle
long, compressed, its depth about three in its length.
Head long, attenuate in front, flattened above, and sides compressed, especially
below, so that lower surface is constricted. Snout long, pointed, its upper profile
nearly horizontal and premaxillary projecting beyond its tip. Eye large, high, pos-
terior margin a little behind last third in space between tip of snout and gill-open-
ing. Mouth large, a little inclined, and gape reaching about two-thirds of distance
to front rim of orbit. Maxillary slightly curved, expanded distally till equal to
pupil, and its posterior tip not reaching, but approaching close to front rim of orbit.
Expanded portion of maxillary forms rather long blunt projection above which fits
into a corresponding deep obtuse preorbital groove. Jaws large, powerful, and
mouth not capable of being completely closed. Mandible large, powerful, produced
well beyond upper jaw, and with symphyseal protuberance. Four large compressed
and slightly curved sharp teeth in front of upper jaw. Teeth uniserial along edges
of upper jaw, small, and sharp. Single large canine at symphysis of mandible
directed backward. Teeth along sides of mandible uniserial, compressed, sharp, at
first small, then gradually increasing in size backward. About six large compressed
wedge-shaped sharp pointed teeth in each palatine series, last two or three small.
Tongue elongate, rounded in front, free for a good part of its length, and joined to
floor of mouth posteriorly by rather thin frenum. Its surface finely asperous above.
Nostrils small, inconspicuous, vertical slit near front of eye or just a little behind
obtuse maxillary angle. Interorbital space flattened, a trifle elevated, slightly
concave in middle, and two long low ridges running out toward end of snout.
Preopercle obtusely rounded. Opercle with broad obtuse point above.
Gill-opening large, carried forward till about opposite front rim of orbit at
least. Pseudobranchiz about equal to one-third of eye.
Scales small, cycloid, and more or less deciduous in spirits. Small scales on
basal portions of most of fins and extending out on a good portion of unpaired ones.
Scales on back before dorsals small. Posterior half of head, including cheeks all
more or less scaled. Lower margin of opercle bare. Pectorals and ventrals scale-
less, and without flaps. Lateral line nearly straight to base of caudal.
Spinous dorsal small, depressable in a groove, its insertion a little nearer front
margin of eye than insertion of second dorsal. Spines pungent, rather thin, second
longest and close to first. Soft dorsal inserted about midway between insertion of
first dorsal and base of caudal, its margin concave, first and last rays longest, and
former longer than latter. Anal inserted a trifle behind soft dorsal, spines weak,
first ray longest, margin concave, and last ray three-fifths its length. Caudal deeply
.
504 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
forked, lobes sharp pointed. Pectoral small, reaching about two-fifths length of
ventral. Ventral reaching about one-fourth of distance to origin of anal.
Color faded in alcohol, pale or dull brown above, and with many narrow incon-
spicuous dark brown longitudinal bands arranged close together, formed by a dark
tint on each scale. Spinous dorsal dark gray, becoming dusky above. Soft dorsal
with its upper portion dusky. Caudal grayish. Pectoral pale, base dusky, and
other fins whitish. Lower surface of body silvery-white. Peritoneum silvery.
Length 11+ inches.
Type No. OT, 470, A. Nos. PS “Padang:
One example. This species originally described from Batavia by Bleeker was
referred to Sphyrena forstert Cuvier with doubt,’ and other examples were subse-
quently also referred to it from other islands in the Kast Indies.” Dr. Giinther
figures a fish certainly referable to S. forsterz, from Tahiti, which does not agree
with my example.* It shows 126 scales in the lateral line, and the eye is about
32 in the snout. Furthermore his description gives 90 scales for the lateral line,
and if not an error is certainly a different species. Sphyrena toxeuma has 115
scales in the lateral line, counting the few on base of caudal, and the eye is hardly
over 2 in snout. Dr. Giinther also describes a fish from Calcutta which may be
identical.*
(Tégevpa, AYTOW.)
HOLOCENTHRID&.
57. MyRIPRISTIS MURDJAN (Forskal).
HOLOCENTHRUS Scopoli.
Holocenthrus Gronow, in Scopoli, Introd. Hist. Nat. Genera, 1777, p. 449 (vostratus = adscensionis ?).
(Based on Aolocentrus maxilla inferiore longiore, etc., Gronow, Zoophylacii, 1763, p. 65, plate 4, fig. 3.
Surinami = Holocentrus rostratus Gray, Cat. Brit. Mus. Fish., Gron., 1854, p. 173.)
58. HOLOCENTHRUS AUREORUBER sp. nov. Plate X, upper figure.
Head 3-"depth 3 Dr Xdy 1, 12 ACL OF Peal Ve ee eecaless LOmbase
of caudal 33, and 3 more on latter; 3 scales between origin of dorsal and lateral
line, and 7 obliquely between latter and origin of anal; 7 scales before spinous dor-
sal; width of head 2 in its length ; depth of head 14; snout 44; eye 3; maxillary 24;
mandible 24; interorbital space 44; preopercular spine 34; first dorsal spine 34;
second 2,1; third 14; fourth 12; last 5; third developed dorsal ray 14; third
anal spine 11; = Remit 21; second anal ray 12; upper caudal lobe 14; least depth
of caudal meaner 32; pectoral 1,4; ventral 1,3,; ventral spine 2.
Body elongate, ota compressed, back elevated, convex, and lower profile
nearly straight. Greatest depth about base of pectoral. Caudal peduncle small,
compressed, its least depth about one and two-thirds in its length.
Head moderate, rather deep, compressed, and upper profile convex. Snout
1 Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., VII, 1854, p. 424.
2L. c., TX, 1855, p. 285. Manado. Act. Soe. Sci. Ind. Neerl. (Besch. Visch. Amb.), I,
1856, p. 4. Amboina. Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., XII, 1856, p. 293. Bali. L. ¢., XII, 1857, p.
371. Sangir-eilanden.
8 Journ. Mus. Godef. (Fische der Stidsee), XI, 1877, p. 211, plate 119, fig. a.
‘Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., II, 1860, p. 357
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 505
steep, blunt, rather broad, and short. Eye large, anterior, its upper margin im-
pinging on upper profile. Mouth low, slightly inclined, and gape reaching opposite
front rim of orbit. Jaws protruding, upper little beyond lower and tip of snout,
which is concave. Maxillary broad distally till equal to two and a quarter in eye
and reaching for three-fifths its diameter. Lips thick and fleshy, especially along
sides. ‘Teeth fine, minute, and in broad bands in jaws. Minute teeth in patches
on palatines and yomer. Tongue long, pointed and free in front. Nostril a large
vertical slit, close to and in front of lower rim of orbit. Interorbital space broad,
concave, and with two broad low median longitudinal ridges. Bones of head all
more or less striate, and with serrated edges. A strong spine directed outward on
each side of snout, and another below each nostril. Margin of infraorbital strongly
dentate. Three broad infraocular spines running forward till just behind nostril.
Opercle with two flat spines, upper longer. Preopercle with a long dagger-like
spine reaching opposite base of first developed pectoral ray. Serrations along
margin of preopercle a little larger below. No nasal spines.
Gill-opening extending forward till opposite middle of eye. Gill-rakers 6+ 10,
counting rudiments, short, compressed, and sometimes clavate. Pseudobranchiz
large, and about equal to pupil. Giull-filaments shorter, though only a little longer
than rakers.
Seales large, finely ieciae and rather narrowly imbricated. Scales along
bases of dorsals and anal spinescent, those of latter fin elongate and pointed.
Greater portion of caudal covered with small scales, margins naked. Base of pec-
toral with small scales. No pectoral flap, and ventral with a sharp pointed scale at
its base. Lateral line concurrent with base of dorsal and running down along
upper side of caudal peduncle to middle of base of caudal. Opercle with a single
row of large scales, and five rows on cheek, head otherwise naked.
Origin of spinous dorsal a trifle in front of that of pectoral, spines alternately
enlarged, forming a double row, and depressable in a groove. Fourth longest, and
others graduated posteriorly to last, which is shortest. Membranes of spines
deeply incised along their margins. First few anterior dorsal rays longest, and
margin of fin slightly convex at this point. Origin of soft dorsal about opposite
that of spinous anal. Third anal spine large, broad, reaching near tip of first anal
rays. Fourth anal spine shorter and slender. Origin of soft anal fallimg about
under middle of soft dorsal’s base, and its margin slightly convex. Caudal small,
forked, and lobes with rather broad poimts. Pectoral elongate and pointed. Ven-
tral inserted a little behind pectoral and reaching about three-fifths of distance to
caudal. Ventral spine elongate, slender, and straight.
Color in arrack pale golden, with about nine rather narrow deep rosy longi-
tudinal bands along sides. Fins more or less pale or whitish, washed or tinted
with pale orange. Ventrals pale rosy-white. Each scale on cheek with a deep
rosy blotch. Abdomen whitish. Most of scales on back minutely punctuated
with brown, and below soft dorsal a large dusky-brown blotch. A pale brown
blotch at base of upper caudal rays and traces of another at bases of posterior anal
64 JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA., VOL. XII.
506 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
rays. Base of pectoral inside fin lemon-yellow. Edges of membranes between
dorsal spines lemon-yellow. Inside of gill-opening tinted with deep rosy. Perito-
neum silvery.
Length 9+ inches.
Type No. 27,472, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is closely related to AHolocenthrus albo-ruber,
differing in its more elongate body. It also resembles Holocenthrus melanospilos
(Bleeker),! but differs from that species in the absence of the nasal spines. Anterior
or upper rays of the soft vertical fins are not dark.
(Aureus, golden; ruber, red.)
59. HOLOCENTHRUS ALBO-RUBER (Lacépéde).
SCOMBRID-.
60. ScCoMBER KANAGURTA Riippell. Plate XII, upper figure.
61. GERMO GERMON (Lacépéde). Plate VIII, lower figure.
62. SCOMBEROMORUS GUTTATUS (Schneider).
TRICHIURIDA. ~—
63. TRICHIURUS HAUMELA (Forskal). Plate VII, lower figure.
CARANGID-.
64. SCOMBEROIDES TOLOO (Cuvier).
65. SCOMBEROIDES TOL (Cuvier).
66. MEGALASPIS ROTTLERI (Bloch).
67. SERIOLA CRETATA sp. nov. Plate XI, lower figure.
Head 32; depth 34; D. V—u, 32; A. I—n, 16; P. nu, 17; V. I, 5; scales
about 156 to base of caudal; width of head 14 in its length; depth of head 14;
mandible 1,°,; third dorsal spine 42; first developed dorsal ray 1?; last 32; first
anal ray 24; last 4; least depth of caudal peduncle 53; pectoral 13; ventral 12;
snout 34, from tip of upper jaw; eye 45,; maxillary 2}; interorbital space 21};
base of soft dorsal 22 in body; base of anal 54.
Body oblong, compressed, and greatest depth about opposite origin of soft
dorsal. Caudal peduncle small, broad, flattened above and below, with a pit at
origin of each lobe. Least depth a little less than least width.
Head deep, compressed, upper profile evenly and more convex than lower.
Snout blunt, broad, convex, and with upper jaw projecting. Hye moderate, pos-
terior margin of pupil midway between tip of mandible and gill-opening. Eyelid
narrow. Mouth large, slightly inclined and curved, and mandible projecting beyond
upper jaw. Maxillary moves in a rounded depression, slips under greater part of
narrow preorbital, and reaches opposite middle of eye. Preorbital not quite as
wide as distal expanded extremity of maxillary, which is about two and one-quarter
in orbit. Teeth small, sharp pointed, and in rather broad bands in jaws. Vomer
and palatines with patches of smaller pointed teeth. Tongue broad, short, blunt,
a little free in front, and with two patches of minute teeth. Lower lip rather thin.
1 Act. Soe. Sci. Ind. Neerl. (Neg. Bijd. Visch. Amb.), III, 1857, p. 2. Amboina in mari.
(M. D. 8. Holdt.)
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 507
Nostrils adjoining, a trifle above middle of eye, and nearer its front margin than tip
of snout. Interorbital space broad, convexly elevated, and like top of head with a
median trenchant keel running to spinous dorsal. Anterior part of opercle with
vertical striz. Space just above opercle, and upper part of shoulder girdle also
striate.
Gill-opening large, running forward before nostrils a short distance. Gill-
rakers in form of 5 blunt processes on ceratobranchial. Isthmus narrow, with a
median groove. Gill-filaments about equal to three-quarters of eye, and pseudo-
branchiz about four-fifths their length.
Scales small, cycloid, irregular, and extending on base of caudal and basal
portion of anterior soft dorsal and anal. Small scales on upper part of head and
cheeks, rest of head naked. Lateral line concurrent with back at first, then run-
ning along side of caudal peduncle, where it forms a slight keel, to base of caudal.
Spinous dorsal small, low, with pungent spines, third longest, and all depres-
sable in a groove. Insertion of spinous dorsal a little behind origin of pectoral.
Soft dorsal long, high, first developed ray longest, those comprising about first third
of fin also elongate and graduated posteriorly. Last dorsal ray much longer than
those immediately preceding. Origin of soft dorsal a little nearer tip of mandible
than base of its last ray. Anal spine rudimentary. Anal similar to dorsal, short,
anterior rays elevated, and last produced. Origin of anal a little nearer origin of
soft dorsal than base of caudal. Caudal deeply forked, lobes pointed, and upper
longer. Pectoral small, pointed, much shorter than ventral, and reaching a little
beyond origin of soft dorsal. Ventral long, somewhat falcate, pointed, inner rays
strong, and with a deep cavity at base posteriorly. When depressed fin reaches
three-fifths of distance to origin of anal. Anus near last third of space between
tips of ventrals and origin of soft anal.
Color in arrack dull brown, darker on back or upper surface, and belly or
lower surface more or less soiled silvery. Fins dusky-brown, especially about
their edges, and median portions of soft dorsal, caudal and pectoral more brownish-
olivaceous. Anal pale. Ventral chalky-white. Spinous dorsal dark or deeper
dusky than color of other fins. Peritoneum pale.
Length 12 inches.
Type No. 27,499, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. It differs from Serzola purpurascens Schlegel,' in the fin radii,
longer ventral, larger eye, more convex upper profile of head, and posterior insertion
of anal. Schlegel’s figure shows eye nearly one-seventh of head, ventral small,
and origin of anal well anterior.
(Cretata, chalked or whited.)
68. ELAGATIS BIPINNULATUS (Quoy and Gaimard).
69. ALEPES MELANOPTERA Swainson,
70. ALEPES GLABRA sp. nov. Plate XII, lower figure.
Head 33; depth 2,%,; D. 1, VILI—I, 26; A. II—I, 22; P. un, 20; V. I, 5;
scales 44 in curved portion of lateral line, remaining straight portion with 62 scutes ;
‘ Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1845, p. 113, plate 51. Les mers du Japon.
508 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
about 13 scales between spinous dorsal and upper part of lateral line, and nearly
48 between latter point obliquely and origin of spinous anal; width of head 2 in
its length; depth of head 1,1;; mandible 21; fourth dorsal spine 24; first dorsal
ray 21; first anal ray 21; least depth of caudal peduncle 54; ventral 22; snout 4
3)
in head, from its tip; eye 34; maxillary 31; interorbital space 34; upper caudal
lobe 27 in body ; pectoral 51.
Body elongate, ellipsoid, compressed, upper and lower profiles nearly evenly
convex. Greatest depth at origin of soft dorsal. Caudal peduncle long, its least
depth one and a third in its exposed length, and its width one and a half.
Head rather small, compressed, and obtuse im front. Snout short, convex
above, and blunt in front. Eye large, well anterior, and adipose eyelid broad,
nearly covering posterior half of eye. Mouth inclined, rather small, and with
upper jaw projecting beyond snout. Teeth fine, crowded, and in a single series
along edges of jaws. No vomerine or palatine teeth. Lips rather thi. Tongue
rather long, rounded, and free in front.. Mandible slightly projecting. Maxillary
narrow, reaching below front margin of eye, and its distal expanded extremity
about three and one-half in eye. Nostrils small, adjoining, lateral, and nearer
front of eye than tip of snout. Interorbital space broad, elevated, and with a tren-
chant keel beginning in front and extending to origin of dorsal.
Gill-opening large, running forward a little in front of nostrils. Gill-rakers
7+ 21, compressed, pointed, and longest equal half of eye. Filaments a little
longer than longest rakers. Pseudobranchizw small. Isthmus broad and with a
groove.
Scales small, cycloid, and imbricated. Breast densely scaled. Head, except
infraorbital region, opercle, and upper posterior side, naked. Lateral line abruptly
arched at first till at least a little over straight portion which begins opposite
origin of soft dorsal. Scutes small, deepest about nine in greatest depth of body.
Origin of spinous dorsal about over first fourth of pectoral, spmes weak,
depressable in a groove, and fourth longest. Origin of soft dorsal nearly midway
between tip of snout and base of caudal, anterior rays elevated but not forming a
lobe. Anal spines small, first inserted a little before soft dorsal, about equal in
size, and depressable in a groove. Origin of soft anal a little nearer base of caudal
than tip of snout, or a little behind that of soft dorsal, fin similar. Caudal
deeply forked, lobes long and pointed, and upper longer. Pectoral long, falcate,
reaching half way to base of last anal ray. Ventral small, inserted below origin of
pectoral, reaching a little more than half way to origin of spinous anal. Anus well
before anal at tip of ventrals.
Color in arrack slaty-gray above, lower sides and under surface silvery-white.
A large grayish blotch on opercle. Snout and upper surface of head somewhat
tinted with brown. Dorsals and caudal gray, spinous dorsal and inner margins of
caudal dusky. Soft dorsal and anal with a grayish longitudinal band, median on
first rays, and then submarginal. Pectoral pale grayish. Ventral whitish. Peri-
toneum silvery.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 509
Length 84 inches. ‘
Type No. 27,502, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example, which resembles Caranx macrurus (Bleeker), C. dyedaba (For-
skal), and C. malam (Bleeker). These are all grouped among the species of Se/ar
apparently on account of the presence of palatine, vomerine, and lingual teeth. It
is not possible to determine the width of the maxillary from the descriptions given.
(Glabra, smooth.)
RASTRUM subgen. nov.
Type Alepes scitula sp. nov.
Scales rather large. Vomerine teeth in a small patch. Mawillary about a
third of orbit, im this apparently different from A/efes.
(Rastrum, a rake or harrow, with reference to the vomerine teeth.)
71. ALEPES SCITULA sp. nov. Plate X, lower figure.
Head 32; depth 24; D. VII[—1, 24; A. II—I, 20; P. un, 20; V. I, 5;
scales 32 in curved portion of lateral line, remaining straight portion with 45
scutes; about 10 scales between origin of spinous dorsal and upper curve of lateral
line; width of head 21 in its length; depth of head 14; mandible 2+; third dorsal
spine 21; second dorsal ray 2; second anal ray 24; least depth of caudal peduncle
54; snout 22 in head, from its tip; eye 52 ; maxillary 2#; interorbital space 34.
Body moderately long, compressed, fusiform, and anterior profiles evenly con-
vex. Greatest depth at origin of soft dorsal. Caudal peduncle long, its depth nearly
two in its length, and its width one and one-half.
Head rather small, compressed, rhomboid, and rather blunt anteriorly. Snout
short, convex, and with upper jaw projecting. Eye small, anterior, and with a
broad posterior adipose eyelid. Mouth oblique, mandible projecting beyond upper
jaw, and maxillary slipping below preorbital for a good portion of its length.
Maxillary expanded distally till equal to two-fifths of orbit, and reaching posteriorly
nearly opposite front margin of pupil. Lips thin. Teeth minute, crowded, and
uniserial in jaws. Vomer with a small patch of teeth, but palatines smooth.
Tongue small, elongate, free and rounded in front, its upper surface with a few
small asperities. Nostrils small, high, close together, and much nearer front rim
of orbit than tip of snout. Preorbital broad, and with several radiating flutings
from above. Interorbital space broad, and with a median keel which begins over
nostrils and extends up to spinous dorsal. Margin of preopercle strongly convex.
Gill-opening deep, running forward below nostrils. Gill-rakers 12 + 350, long,
slender, compressed, and about equal to gill-filaments, or about two-thirds of eye-
diameter. Pseudobranchiz small. Isthmus narrow, broadening posteriorly, and
not trenchant.
Seales rather large, cycloid, and imbricated. Spinous dorsal with a low nar-
row basal sheath. Soft dorsal and anal with a rather broad basal sheath along
anterior basal half of fins at least. Base of caudal with small scales, but lobes
without basal keels. Upper side of head, opercle, and cheek, covered with small
scales, rest of head naked. Lateral line strongly arched at first, then running
BY
510 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
straight to base of caudal peduncle. Scutes narrow, deepest six and one-half in
greatest depth of body.
Dorsal spines pungent, third longest, depressable in a groove, and insertion of
fin about over first sixth of pectoral. Soft dorsal inserted nearer tip of mandible
than base of caudal, anterior rays elevated. Anal similar, inserted a little nearer
front rim of orbit than base of caudal, and its last ray, like that of dorsal, longer
than short rays immediately preceding. Anal spines depressable in a groove, second
a little over twice length of first, which is mserted about opposite origin of soft
dorsal. Pectoral long, faleate, reaching well past anterior elevated dorsal rays, and
about three and one-third in body. Ventral small, inserted below origin of pec-
toral, and reaching about half way to origin of spinous anal. Anus near tip of
ventral. Abdomen with a bony trenchant keel a short distance before anal spines.
Color in arrack slaty-gray above, lower surface white and more or less silvery.
Back shot with deep iridescent-blue. A black blotch a little smaller than eye, on
opercle. Spinous dorsal tinged with dusky. Soft dorsal and caudal grayish, other
fins pale whitish. Peritoneum silvery.
Length 53 inches.
Type No. 27,503, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is close to Cavanx kuhii (Bleeker),’ but from the
description of that species it is impossible to determine their identity. From the
definition of .Se/ar, according to Bleeker, it would also have palatine teeth.
(Scctula, pretty neat, trim.) :
72. CARANX MEGALASPIS (Bleeker). Plate XIII, upper figure.
73. CARANX MATE Valenciennes. Plate XIII, lower figure.
74. CARANX SEMISOMNUS sp. nov. Plate XVI, upper figure.
Caranx forsteri Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Genoot. (Bijd. Makreel. Vissch. Soend. Moluk. Arch.), XXIV,
1852, p. 57. Batavia, in mari—et Padang, Sumatrae occidentalis, in mari. (Not of Valenciennes. )
Head 3; depth 22; D. VIII—I, 21; A. Il—L 17; Pom, Ue Veleormscales
46 in curved portion of lateral line, and about 38 scutes in remaining straight por-
tion; about 23 scales between origin of spinous dorsal and upper portion of lateral
line; width of head 2 in its length ; depth of head 1,45; mandible 2; third dorsal
spine 21; first dorsal ray 14; first anal ray 1,%; least depth of caudal peduncle 72;
ventral 22; snout 34 in head, measured from its tip; eye 33; maxillary 251; in-
terorbital space 34; pectoral 24 in body.
Body oblong, compressed, deep, upper anterior profile much more convex than
lower, and greatest depth about origin of soft dorsal. Caudal peduncle broad,
depressed, its least depth a trifle less, and its width one and one-quarter in its length.
Head deep, upper profile strongly convex. Snout steep, oblique, blunt, and
with upper jaw projecting slightly beyond. Eye large, well anterior, and with a
broad adipose eyelid covering nearly all of its posterior half. Mouth large, low,
slightly inclined and curved, gape reaching nearly opposite front rim of pupil, and
mandible projecting a little beyond upper jaw. Maxillary long, its distal expanded
’- Verh. Bat. Genoot. (Bijd. Makreel. Vissch. Soend. Moluk. Arch.), XXIV, 1852, p. 54.
Kammal Tandjong (Madurz insulee), in mari.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 511
extremity free from preorbital a short distance, and equal in width to three-fifths
of eye-diameter. Lips rather thick. Teeth in upper jaw biserial, conic, rather
large, numerous, outer series enlarged, and also much larger anteriorly. Teeth in
mandible uniserial, similar to those in upper jaw, and with a pair of canines on
each side in front. Vomer, palatines, and tongue with minute teeth. Tongue
rather broad, rounded and free in front. Nostrils two vertical slits, opposite middle
and close to front of eye. Preorbital broad, about equal to exposed portion of eye.
Interorbital space broad, elevated, and giving place to median trenchant keel which
begins over nostrils and runs to spinous dorsal. A supraocular keel running up on
upper side of head and another more posterior running toward shoulder not so
pronounced.
Gill-opening broad, extending forward a little beyond front rim of orbit.
Rakers tv, 3 + 13, m1, long, compressed, slender, attenuate, and longest about
two-thirds of orbit. Giull-filaments shorter. Pseudobranchiz but little shorter than
filaments. Isthmus rather narrow, and with a rather broad groove.
Scales small, more or less crowded anteriorly, and narrowly imbricated. Head,
with exception of opercle above, upper posterior side, and entire cheek, naked.
Scales on cheek, like those on breast, small. Narrow scaly sheath at base of
spinous dorsal. Soft dorsal and anal with rather low anterior basal scaly sheaths
made up of minute scales, and anterior rays of these fins also covered with minute
scales. Base of caudal with minute scales, and base of each lobe with a low keel.
Base of pectoral naked. Lateral line strongly arched anteriorly till about opposite
base of fourth dorsal ray. Scutes strong on sides of caudal peduncle, deepest a
little over nine in greatest depth of body.
Origin of spinous dorsal a little behind that of pectoral, spines slender, pungent,
third longest, and all depressable in a groove. Soft dorsal with anterior rays ele-
vated, forming a distinct lobe, last ray longer than those immediately preceding,
and origin of fin nearly midway between front of eye and base of caudal. Soft
anal similar, slightly convex, and origin a little nearer base of caudal than pos-
terior margin of eye. Anal spines depressable in a groove, first inserted about
opposite origin of. soft dorsal, and second longer. Abdomen keeled before anal
spines to anus. Pectoral long, faleate, and nearly reaching a third of straight part
of lateral line. Ventral small, inserted a little in advance of origin of pectoral,
and about reaching anus. Caudal deeply forked, lobes pointed. Anus well forward,
at tips of ventrals.
Color in arrack grayish or slaty-gray above, sides and lower surface white,
washed with silvery. Outer portions of dorsals and upper lobe of caudal dusky,
other parts and remaining fins yellowish. A small grayish-black blotch on upper
edge of opercle. A blackish blotch on inner base of pectoral. Iris yellowish.
Peritoneum white.
Length 8 inches.
Type No. 27,512, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Three examples, the type described above, and two young, the larger of which
512 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
is 32 inches long. It has profile less convex, a shorter pectoral, adipose eyelid little
developed, and ridge of preopercle more oblique. When received fresh in arrack
they were pale leaden-gray above, sides and lower portions white, everywhere
silvery. . Sides with five deep lead-colored vertical bands fading out below. Spinous
dorsal blackish. Opercle with a diffuse dusky blotch on its margin.
(Semzsomnus, half asleep.)
75. CARANX SEM Valenciennes. Plate XIV, upper figure.
76. CARANGOIDES MALABARICUS (Schneider).
77. CARANGOIDES GIBBER sp. nov. Plate XV, upper figure to left.
Head 24; depth 12; D. VITI—1, 22; A. II—I, 18; scales about 56 in curved
portion of inter line, aad about 52 in remaining short straight portion; width of
head 22 in its length; depth of head 1; mandible 1,8,; third dorsal spine 22; sec-
ond cereal ray 12; first anal ray 12; ie depth of caudal peel ae aoe
1,4; ventral 22; snout 3 in head, eased from its tip; eye 5; reel 21
interorbital space 34.
Body short, deep, ellipsoid, greatly compressed, greatest depth at origin of soft
dorsal, and caudal peduncle small and compressed. Upper and lower profiles about
evenly convex anteriorly.
Head large, deep, compressed, and rhomboid. Snout a little prominent, short,
compressed, oblique, blunt, and upper jaw scarcely projecting. Eye rather large,
in middle of length of head. No adipose eyelid. Mouth small, oblique, and man-
dible projecting beyond upper jaw. Maxillary small, its upper edge slipping under
preorbital anteriorly, and its distal expanded extremity, which is equal to half of
eye reaches opposite front rim of same. Teeth minute, equal, and forming narrow
bands of two or more series in jaws. Vomerine and palatine teeth reduced to
minute asperities, none on tongue. Tongue small, elongate, rounded and free in
front. Lips rather thin. Nostrils rounded, close together, high, and close to front
of eye above. Interorbital space narrow, elevated, and giving place to rather high
median trenchant ridge running to spinous dorsal. Preorbital broad, nearly equal
to eye. ‘Two supraocular ridges running up from eye posteriorly.
apie a large, carried forward a little in front of nostrils. Gill-rakers
§ + 23, a little longer than filaments, pointed, compressed, about two and one-third
in eye. Pseudobranchiz rather small. Isthmus narrowly compressed, and with
a narrow median groove.
Scales minute, and narrowly fnninfenvad. Breast naked, including base of pec-
toral. Base of spinous dorsal with a narrow scaly sheath, and basal scaly sheaths
along anterior portions of soft dorsal and anal. Base of caudal scaly, without keels
at bases of lobes. Lateral line strongly arched till about opposite middle of base of
soft dorsal, remaining straight portion armed with small weak scutes, broadest not
more than half least depth of caudal peduncle. Upper side of head posteriorly
and cheek scaled, rest of head naked.
Origin of spinous dorsal well behind origin of pectoral, third spine longest, and
all depressable in a groove. Origin of soft dorsal midway between front rim of
orbit and base of caudal, anterior rays elongate, first developed longest, and last not
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 515
especially elongate. Soft anal similar, first ray longest, and origin of fin a little
posterior. Anal spines small, second larger, and first inserted opposite origin of
soft dorsal. A short bony keel from anal spines to anus. Caudal small, triangular,
forked, and lobes sharply pointed. Pectoral rather broad, falcate, and not reaching
beginning of straight part of lateral line. Ventral small, inserted below pectoral,
and hardly reaching half way to origin of soft anal.
Color in arrack grayish or slaty-brown above, sides and lower surface whitish,
washed with silvery. Fins plain pale or dilute brown, dorsals slightly dusky. No
opercular spot. Peritoneum silvery. ;
Length 34 inches.
Type No. 27,517, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is closely related to Cavangordes malabaricus,
differing in its deeper body and in absence of opercular spot.
(Gzbber, hunch-back.)
78. CARANGOIDES OBLONGUS (Valenciennes).
79. Ciruca armata (Forskal).
80. CrruLa aTropos (Schneider). Plate XIV, lower figure to left.
81. Scyris InpIcA Riippell.
82. TRACHINOTUS OvATuUS (Linnzus).
&
RACHYCENTRIDZA.
83. RACHYCENTRON PONDICERIANUS (Cuvier).
STROMATEIDZA.
84. APoLECTUS NIGER (Bloch).
LEIOGNATHIDA.
EQUULITES subgen. nov.
Type Letognathus vermiculatus sp, nov.
Mouth protractile downward. Breast and chest entirely scaled. Lateral line
incomplete.
(“Cavalla est le nom portugais du maquereau et egua/a sa traduction”’
[Cuvier ].)
85. LEIOGNATHUS VERMICULATUS sp. nov. Plate XV, lower figure to left.
Head 31; depth 23,; D. VIII, 16; A. III, 13; P.u, 14; V.1,,5; scales 48
in lateral line to base of caudal; about 12 scales between origin of dorsal and lat-
eral line; width of head 24 in its length; depth of head 11; snout 3; eye 3;
tip of snout to end of maxillary 22; imterorbital space 3; second dorsal spine 12;
second anal spine 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 42; pectoral 14; ventral 22.
Body rather elongate, compressed, and greatest depth at origin of spinous
anal. Caudal peduncle compressed, its exposed length two-thirds its depth.
Head rather deep, compressed, upper profile greatly inclined, nearly straight,
and lower profile with a small process about opposite front of pupil. Snout rather
long, blunt. Eye a little anterior and high. Mouth inferior, upper jaw projecting
a trifle beyond mandible. Profile of chin slightly concave, nearly straight. Gape
not reaching more than two-fifths of space to eye. Mouth protractile downward.
65 JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA., VOL. XII.
514 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
Teeth fine, small, weak, and brush-like, in jaws. Lips broad and fleshy. Nostrils
close together, near front of eye a little above its middle, and anterior with a small
fleshy flap behind. A single preocular spine. __Interorbital space a little elevated,
with a median ridge and a parietal ridge well separated on each side. Supra-
ocular ridge entire. Occipital ridge distinct. Lower edge of preopercle minutely
serrated.
Gill-opening extending forward opposite front rim of pupil. About 4+ 15 gill-
rakers at least, developed on first arch, short, longest much less than longest fila-
ments, which are about a third of eye. Pséudobranchiz large. Shoulder girdle,
inside gill-opening, with three processes, first opposite origin of pectoral, second just
below its base, and third close to second. Isthmus broad, gill-membranes broadly
connected.
Scales small, narrowly imbricated, and extending on chest. Scaly sheaths
along bases of spinous dorsal and anal. Soft dorsal and anal with a series of
inconspicuous spines on each side directed backward. Ventral flap as long as
spine. Base of caudal scaly. Abdomen narrowly compressed and sharply tren-
chant, just before anal, half way to root of ventral. A short median groove on
process of chest. Two small keels running forward from bases of ventrals rather
close together. Lateral line convex most all of its course and obliterated on upper
surface of caudal peduncle. Pores and scales in its course large. Back rather
trenchant before spinous dorsal.
Origin of spinous dorsal about over first two-fifths of pectoral, second spine
highest, and others graduated down. Front edges of third and fourth dorsal, and
third anal spines finely serrate on basal portion. Second anal spine largest. Inser-
tion of spinous anal about midway between tip of snout and base of caudal. Soft
dorsal and anal low, similar. Caudal forked, lobes broad and pointed. Pectoral
small, origin but little below middle of depth of body, and reaching posteriorly
opposite origin of spinous anal. Ventral small, inserted a little behind origin of
pectoral, and reaching a trifle over half way to origin of spinous anal. Anus nearly
midway between base of ventral and origin of spinous anal.
Color in arrack pale brown on upper half of body, lower half white. Body
‘everywhere more or less silvery, and line separating dark color of back distinct.
Upper half of body marked with variable lines and blotches or vermiculations of
brown. Snout with a blackish-brown bar from its tip up to nostrils. Inside of
gill-opening dusky. Fins more or less dilute yellowish, dorsal a shade darker.
Axil of pectoral with brown dots. Peritoneum silvery, with brown dots.
Length 44 inches.
Type No. 27,525, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is closely related to Eguala lneolata Valenciennes.
The original description of the latter is imperfect, and neither Bieeker or Dr.
Giinther give the scales found in a lateral count, or counted in the lateral line.
Day states the lateral line “consists of above 60 tubes placed in a row of plate-
like rounded scales.” His figure does not agree with my fish, especially in the
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 515
vertical dark bars on back. In all of these accounts of /zzeo/ata the body is more
elongate,
(Vermiculatus, from color marks simulating the tracks of worms.)
86. LEIOGNATHUS VIRGATUS sp. nov. Plate XV, lower figure to right.
Head 32; depth 1¢; D. VIII, 16; A. III, 14; Pu, 14; V. 1 5; pores with
first 20 or more distinct, others obliterated; width of head 2 in its length; depth
of head 1; second dorsal spine 14; second anal spine 21; pectoral 14; ventral 22;
least depth of caudal peduncle 44; snout 3} in head, measured from its tip; eye
2; tip of snout to end of maxillary 24; interorbital space 31; upper caudal lobe
in body, from tips of jaws.
Body deep, compressed, upper and lower profiles nearly evenly convex, and
greatest depth about origin of spinous dorsal. Caudal peduncle compressed, and
its exposed length about four-fifths its least depth.
Head deep, compressed, and upper profile convex, concave, and again convex.
Lower profile forming an obtuse angle at slight articular process. Snout high,
broadly conic, and with upper jaw projecting beyond. Eye a little anterior, and
high in head. Jaws equal, mouth terminal, and gape reaching about opposite first
two-fifths of length of snout. Profile of chin straight. Mouth protractile downwards.
Teeth small, fine, brush-like, and in a single series in jaws. Lips rather thin.
Maxillary with its upper margin nearly vertical and opposite front rin of orbit.
Nostrils more or less facing forward, lateral, adjoining, near front of eye, and pos-
terior twice as large as anterior. Interorbital space a little elevated, with a median
low ridge, and a parietal ridge widely separated on each side, sharp, and leaving a
broad space between. Occipital ridge distinct. Two small spines in front of eye
above, anterior with two prongs. Supraorbital ridge a little rough, almost entire.
Lower edge of preoperculum finely serrated.
Gill-opening extending forward opposite front rim of orbit. Gill-rakers 6 + 18,
slender, pointed, more or less equal, and a little less than filaments. Pseudo-
branchiw large, about half of orbit. Shoulder girdle inside with three processes,
first opposite origin of pectoral, second opposite lower base of pectoral, and third
obsolete and well separated. Isthmus broad and rounded.
Seales small, narrowly imbricated, weak, and extending on chest and breast.
Sealy sheaths along bases of spinous dorsal and anal. Soft dorsal and anal
with a series of inconspicuous spines along their bases on each side. Ventral
flap equal to its spine. Base of caudal scaly. Abdomen narrow, compressed,
sharply trenchant just before spinous anal, and reaching a little more than half
way to origin of ventral. A short median convex process on chest. Two small
keels close together, each running forward from root of ventral to chest process.
Lateral line convex, running for half of base of dorsal, becoming indistinct, and
finally obliterated after spinous dorsal. Pores large. Back trenchant before spinous
dorsal.
Origin of spinous dorsal over first quarter of pectoral, second spine longest,
enlarged, and others graduated down. Soft dorsal low, origin of fin about midway
Os
BIR ©
516 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
between front rim of eye and base of caudal. Origin of spinous anal nearly mid-
way between tips of jaws and base of last anal ray, second spme enlarged. Lower
front edges of third and fourth dorsal, and third anal spines, finely serrate. Soft
anal similar to soft dorsal. Caudal forked,-lobes-rather broad, and pointed. Ven-
tral small, reaching a little over half way to origin of spinous anal. Pectoral
small, short, and reaching about opposite base of second anal spine. Anus nearer
base of ventral than origin of spinous dorsal.
Color in arrack pale brownish-gray on upper half of bade marked or varie-
gated with short darker blotches or vermiculations. Lower half of body white.
Body everywhere more or less bright silvery. Snout dusky. Fins more or less
dilute brownish-yellow. Spimous parts of vertical fins more or less burnished with
silvery, and spinous dorsal with a blackish cross-line a little below center of its
height. Base of pectoral marked with pale brown dots on inside. Inside of gill-
opening similar. Iris pale orange. Peritoneum silvery.
Length 4,%, inches.
Type No. 27,526, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Five examples. This species is related to Lezognathus bindozdes (Bleeker),"
differing in the black bar on dorsal, preocular spines more obsolete, and absence of
golden spots on spinous dorsal.
(Virgatus, striped with reference to black band on spinous dorsal.)
EUBLEEKERIA subgen. nov.
Type Eguula splendens Cuvier.
Differs from Aguz/z/es in complete lateral line.
(Named for Dr. Pieter van Bleeker, the most voluminous of writers in Ichthy-
ology, and whose work on the fishes of Sumatra is the most complete ever given.)
87. LEIOGNATHUS SPLENDENS (Cuvier).
8. LEIOGNATHUS SPILOTUS sp. nov. Plate XIV, lower figure to right.
Head 31,; depth 24; D. VIII, 16; A. III, 14; P.1, 13; V. I, 5; width of head
22 in its length; depth of head 1; one 34; eye 2 23; interorbital space 54; tip of
ont to end of maxillary 22; second dorsal spine 12; caudal 14; pectoral 11;
ventral 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 5.
Body elongate, greatly compressed, greatest depth at origin of dorsal, and
upper profile more or less convex from this point. Caudal peduncle compressed.
Head deep, compressed, and upper profile slightly and evenly convex. Snout
short, blunt, and upper jaw not projecting. Eye rather large, anterior. Mouth
small and protractile downward. ‘Teeth fine, weak, brush-like, and uniserial in
jaws. Preocular spines two. Parietal ridges well separated. Occipital ridge
developed. Profile of chin strongly concave. Supraorbital ridge serrate. Lower
margin of preopercle serrate.
Gill-opening extending forward opposite posterior margin of pupil. Rakers
small, pointed, much smaller than filaments. Pseudobranchiz well developed.
ie)
1 Equula bindoides Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., I, 1850, p. 3872. Batavia, in mari.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 517
Seales all fallen and hardly a trace of lateral line. Pockets on chest and breast
indicate that it was scaled. Bases of spinous dorsal and anal with a scaly sheath.
Two conical processes on chest with a groove between, and a low keel forward from
base of each ventral, space between narrow.
Spinous dorsal inserted a little behind origin of pectoral, second spine enlarged
and longest. Second anal spine largest, and origin of fin a little nearer tip of snout
than base of caudal. Caudal deeply forked, and lobes rather broad. Pectoral
reaching at least opposite base of second anal spine. Ventral small, inserted below
origin of pectoral, and reaching two-thirds of distance to anal.
Color in arrack with upper half of body plain pale brownish-gray, lower half
white. Body everywhere more or less bright silvery. Back with several rows of
brownish blotches, two or three blotches to a row, and line of demarcation distinct.
Fins dilute brown or whitish, spinous dorsal black on membranes of upper half.
Inner base of pectoral dark brown. Iris whitish.
Length 1%, inches.
Type No. 27,029, A. N.S. P. Padang. .
One example. This may prove to be the young of Lezognathus blochii (Valen-
ciennes). An indistinct brown saddle-like blotch in front of spinous dorsal on the
back. Day’s description and figure of Zguu/a bdlochd7 differ in the posterior dark-
colored base of pectoral.’
(SriAwrds, spotted. )
Subgenus LEIOGNATHUS Lacépéde.
Differs from Aguulztes in naked breast and chest.
89. LEIOGNATHUS EDENTULUS (Bloch).
DEVEXIMENTUM gen. nov.
Type Zeus insidiator Bloch.
This genus differs from Lezognathus in the nearly vertical mandible, so that
the mouth is protractile horizontally.
(Devexum, hanging, or declining down; mentum, chin.)
90. DEVEXIMENTUM INSIDIATOR (Bloch).
91. GAzzA TAPEINOSOMA (Bleeker). Plate XV, upper figure to right.
92. GazzA MINUTA (Bloch).
93. PENTAPRION LONGIMANUS (Cantor).
MENIDZ.
94. MENE MACULATA (Schneider).
LACTARIIDZ.
Body oblong, compressed. Head compressed, with Percozdean aspect. Snout
conic. Eyes lateral. Mouth cleft deep and oblique. Teeth small in the jaws, with
one or two pairs of canines in front. Margin of preopercle entire. Gill-opening
large. Gill-rakers long. No processes on the shoulder girdle inside the gill-opening.
Branchiostegals seven. Pseudobranchiz present. Peritoneum pale. Scales of
moderate size, cycloid, and extending partially over the fins. Lateral line continu_
1 Fishes of India, I, 1876, p. 241, plate 52, fic. 5.
518 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
ous. Air-vessel bifurcated both anteriorly and posteriorly. Pyloric appendages
few. Two dorsal fins. Spinous dorsal with feeble spines. Three feeble anal spines.
Soft dorsal and anal with many rays. Caudal forked.
This family contains the single genus Lactarzus, of the Indian and Malayan
seas. It approaches the Carangzde, especially “Serdolocdez”’ according to Bleeker,
while on the other hand it has affinities with the Scenzde@ according to Dr.
Ginther.
LACTARIUS Valenciennes.
Lactarius Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IX, 1833, p. 177 (delicatulus = lactarius).
95. LACTARIUS LACTARIUS (Schneider).
Scomber lactarius Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 31. Tranquebariam.
One example, 42 inches long. The species is carnivorous. Macerated remains
of several young fishes were taken from the gullet.
APOGONIDé.
96. APOGON HYALOSOMA Bleeker.
Subgenus OSTORHINCHUS Lacépéde.
Ostorhinchus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1803, p. 23 ( fleurieu).
97. APOGON EVANIDUS sp. nov.
Head 21; depth 28; D. VII—I, 9; A. IL 8; P. nm, 14; V. 1, 5; scales 24 in
lateral line to base of caudal, and 4 more continued out on base of latter; 2 scales
between origin of dorsal and lateral line, and 5 scales in an oblique series between
latter and origin of anal; width of head 22 in its length; depth of head 1}; man-
dible 14; third dorsal spine 22; second dorsal ray 1$; second anal spine 4; fitst
anal ray 21; pectoral 12; ventral 14; ventral spine 34; least depth of caudal
peduncle 22; snout 44 in head, from tip of upper jaw; eye 35; maxillary 2,5;
interorbital space about 54.
Body elongate, compressed, and back a little elevated. Caudal peduncle long,
and compressed, its least depth nearly one and two-thirds in its length.
Head large, compressed, and lower profile a little convex, upper much inclined
and more or less straight. Snout short, broad, convex, and upper jaw projecting a
little. Eye high, large, and its posterior rim about midway between tip of upper
jaw and end of opercular flap. Mouth large, slightly curved, and mandible project-
ing well in front. Maxillary large, reaching posteriorly below posterior margin of
pupil, and its distal expanded extremity half of eye. Teeth m jaws minute, in nar-
row bands. Patch of minute teeth on vomer. Palatines edentulous. Tongue
smooth, small, rounded and free in front. Nostrils separated, posterior larger,
close to front rim of orbit, and anterior much nearer latter than tip of upper jaw.
Top of head a little convex posteriorly, interorbital space flattened. Margin and
ridge of preopercle inclined a little posteriorly, former finely denticulated, and latter
with one or two short denticulations at its corner. Opercle with a small broad spine,
and large flap. Preorbital narrow.
Gill-opening till about opposite space between nostrils. Gill-rakers about 4+-13,
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 519
longest longer than filaments, or about two-fifths of orbit. Pseudobranchie small.
Isthmus rather broad and trenchant.
Seales large, ctenoid. Two series of large scales on cheek, opercles scaled, and
rest of head naked. Base of caudal scaly, fins otherwise naked. Lateral line more
or less concurrent with dorsal profile, and continuous.
Origin of spinous dorsal a little behind that of pectoral or a little nearer tip
of mandible than tip of depressed second dorsal, and fourth spine longest. Anterior
dorsal rays longest, and origin of fin about midway between middle of eye and base
of caudal. Origin of anal about opposite that of soft dorsal, and similar in shape.
Second anal spine much longer than first. Caudal a little emarginate. Pectoral
long, reaching opposite origin of spinous anal. Ventral inserted a little before origin
of pectoral and reaching within but a short distance of origin of spinous anal. Ven-
tral spine about four-sevenths length of fin.
Color in arrack more or less pale uniform brown, lower surface not especially
lighter. A dull brown diffuse stripe from occiput along back above to upper edge
of caudal peduncle. Another band from snout continued behind eye where it is
narrow, along middle of side where it widens, and out over caudal to tips of median
rays. Below this a pale band longitudinally from axil of pectoral, but fading out
over anal. Chin pale dusky. Fins dilute brown, and a trifle dusky on their outer
portions, especially ventrals. A narrow dusky band close to base and parallel with
it on soft dorsal and anal. Bases of these fins whitish. Iris a little brownish.
Peritoneum silvery, speckled and spotted with grayish.
Length 5,°. inches.
Type No. 27,540, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Two examples. This species has been confounded under the name Apogon
frenatus by authors. Valenciennes’ account and figure! agree well with Bleeker’s,
but Day’s figure® represents a different fish. The latter certainly represents the
examples before me, agreeing in every respect. Afogon vittiger Bennett‘is proba-
bly close to if not identical with Afogon frenatus Valenciennes. Apogon melano-
rhynchos Bleeker’ also has claims, in part, to separation. Apogon frenatus Giin-
ther,” judging by the incomplete description, may be the same as that of Valen-
ciennes, but the examples described and figured later’ are. close to if not identical
with Day’s figure.
(Evanzdus, flashy, vain.)
98. APOGON NOVEMFASCIATUS Cuvier.
99. ARCHAMIA BLEEKERI (Giinther).
‘Apogon frenatus Valenciennes, Nouy. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I, 1832, p. 07, plate 4, fig. 4.
Nouvelle-Guinée, et 4 Vile Guam. :
*Amia frenata Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., VI, 1876, p. 89, and 1. ¢., VIII, 1876, plate 342 (64),
fig. 2. [East Indies. ]
*“Apogon frenatus Day, Fishes of India, Atlas, I, 1875, plate 16, fig. 4. [ India. ]
*Proe. Zod]. Soc. London, 1833, p. 32. Mauritius. (Mr. C. Telfair.)
‘Apogon melanorhijnchos Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., III, 1852, p. 255. Wahai, Ceram -sep-
tentrionalis, in mari.
°Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., I, 1859, p. 241. Feejee Islands.
"Journ. Mus. Godef. (Fische der Siidsee), I, 1873, p. 19, plate 19, fig. a. Sandwich-Gesell-
schafts-und Paumotu-Inseln. (Mr. Andrew Garrett.)
520 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
SERRANID&.
100 PLECTROPOMA PESSULIFERUM sp. nov. Plate XVII, upper figure.
Head 3; depth 34; D. VII, 1, 11; A. TIE, 8; P.1, 15; V-I, 5; seales 132m
a lateral series to base of caudal; 18 scales in an oblique series between origin of
spinous dorsal and lateral line, and 28 in a vertical transverse series between latter
and origin of anal; width of head 2 in its length; depth of head 14; mandible 2;
third dorsal spine 32; first developed dorsal ray 24; first anal ray 24; least depth
of caudal peduncle 22; pectoral 21; ventral 2,4,; caudal 14; snout 2,%,, from tip
of upper jaw; eye 63; maxillary 21; interorbital space 5.
Body oblong, compressed, and greatest depth near middle of spinous dorsal.
Caudal pedunele large, compressed, and its greatest depth three-quarters its length.
Head elongate, compressed, rather pointed, and profiles about evenly convex.
Snout moderate, convex, and upper jaw well projecting. Hye small and high.
Mouth curved, oblique, jaws large, and lower protruding. Maxillary large, ex-
panded distally till about seven-eighths of orbit, and reaching posteriorly about
opposite front rim of pupil. Lips broad, thick, and fleshy. Teeth conic, sharp,
some of outer erect, inner more or less depressable, and each jaw with two well sep-
arated canines. Vomerine and palatine teeth minute. Tongue small, narrow,
broadly pointed and free in front. Nostrils close together, circular, anterior with a
little fleshy rim, and posterior much larger, placed about last two-fifths of snout in
front of lower part of eye. Interorbital space and top of head convex. Lower
margin of preopercle with about three low obsolete spines directed down and for-
ward. Opercular spines two, lower forward, and much smaller than upper.
Gill-opening large, extending forward nearly opposite posterior nostril. Gill-
rakers 5 + 9, compressed, strong, longest equal to gill-filaments, or about three-fifths
of orbit, and inner surfaces with large asperities. Pseudobranchiz well developed.
Isthmus broad, with a short groove in front, and constricted edge rounded.
Scales small, mostly somewhat oblong, and finely ciliated. Head, with excep-
tion of snout, lips, greater portion of maxillary, branchiostegal region, narrow space
around eye, and interorbital region, covered with small scales. Basal portions of
soft dorsal, anal, and caudal covered with small scales. Axil of pectoral with a pit,
covered above with a small fleshy flap. Lateral line continuous, a little convex in
front, and not pronounced.
Spinous dorsal lower than soft fin, continuous, inserted a little behind origin of
pectoral, and spines about even, except first, which is shortest. First two dorsal
rays not much branched, insertion of fin about midway between middle of eye and
base of caudal. Anal inserted a little nearer base of caudal than origin of pectoral,
spines flexible distally and graduated to last, which is longest. Caudal large, broad,
and emarginate. Pectoral broad, rounded, and middle rays longest. Ventral pointed,
inserted a trifle before pectoral, and reaching a little beyond same. Anus about last
three-ninths of space between tips of ventrals and origin of spimous anal.
Color in arrack yellow, more or less tinged with orange below and pinkish
above. Body marked with many blue spots with dark brown edges, rather large
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 521
on head and back, a few of those on middle of trunk formed imto short vertical bars,
and those extending out on caudal, soft dorsal, and anal rather numerous. Pectoral
plain, deep orange. Ventral, also anal and caudal, tinged with deep orange. Iris
pale orange. Peritoneum pale or whitish.
Length 162 inches.
Type No. 27,546, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. It is closely related to Paracanthistius maculatus Bleeker.
Distinguished by a number of short vertical dark bars on the middle of side, and
the more spotted caudal fin.
(Pessulus, a little bar; fero, to bear; with reference to the short dark vertical
bars on side.)
101. WARIOLA Louti (Forskal).
102. PETROMETOPON PACHYCENTRON (Valenciennes).
103. PETROMETOPON FORMOSUS (Shaw and Nodder).
104. PETROMETOPON CYANOSTIGMA (Valenciennes).
105. BODIANUS INDELEBILIS sp. nov. Plate XVII, lower figure.
Head 21; depth 22; D. IX, 15; A. TIL, 9; P.1,17; V. 1, 5; scales 72 in a
lateral series to base of caudal, 15 between origin of dorsal and lateral line obliquely,
and about 29 between latter and origin of anal; pores about 40 in lateral line to
base of caudal; width of head 21 in its length; depth of head 12; mandible 1+;
fourth dorsal spe 32; seventh dorsal ray 24; second anal spine 22; sixth anal
2)
ray 22; caudal 1,%,; least depth of caudal peduncle 51; pectoral 14; ventral 2;
snout 4 in head, from tip of upper jaw; eye 54; maxillary 2; interorbital space 71.
Body elongate, compressed, and upper profile forming a regular even convex
curve to caudal peduncle. Greatest depth about origin of ventral. Caudal pedun-
cle compressed, deep, and its length about five-sixths its depth.
Head rather large, compressed, somewhat pointed, and both profiles more or
less convex. Snout short, convex, and upper jaw prominently projecting. Eye
small, high, and well anterior. Mouth large, a little inclined, and lower jaw well
protruding. Maxillary large, reaching opposite eye posteriorly, and distally ex-
panded till equal to four-fifths of orbit. Teeth small, sharp pointed, and inner ones
depressable. An outer series of strong erect teeth in each jaw, upper but little if
any larger. Lower inner depressable teeth, also those in front of upper jaw, enlarged.
Two canines in front of each jaw, well separated, and upper ones twice as far apart
as lower. Vomer and palatines with small teeth. Tongue long, narrow, free, and
with a rounded tip. Lips thick and tough Nostrils close together near front of
eye, and anterior in a short tube. Interorbital space more or less level, with a
depression in front. Margin of preopercle with minute serre. Three opercular
spines, uppermost distant, directed a trifle upward, and lowest most anterior.
Gill-opening extending forward to middle of orbit. Gill-rakers rv 2+ 11 tv,
compressed, about equal to gill-filaments or two-fifths of orbit. Pseudobranchiz
about equal to gill-filaments. Isthmus broad, with a broad depression in front and
constricted behind, edge not trenchant.
* Atlas Ichth., VII, 1876, p. 26, plate 291 (13), fig. 3.
66 JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA., VOL. XII.
622 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
Seales small and finely ciliated. Head scaled, except lips, greater part of
maxillary, and snout. Scales on head more or less smooth, those on maxillary
small. Fins with greater basal portion covered with small scales. Ventral with
but a few basal scales. A scaly flap at base of pectoral over axillary pit. Lateral
line continuous, convex till below bases of fifth and sixth dorsal spines, and then
inclined in a more or less straight line till along middle of side of caudal peduncle
to base of caudal. Scales on top of head, back in front of spinous dorsal, and cheek,
much reduced and crowded.
Origin of spinous dorsal a little behind that of pectoral, and spines graduated
_ to fourth, after which all are more or less even and lower than soft dorsal. Origin
of soft dorsal inserted much nearer origin of pectoral than base of caudal, rays more
or less uniform, and posterior edge of fin rounded. Second anal spine a little longer
than third, fin inserted also a little nearer origin of pectoral than base of caudal,
lower edge straight, and posterior edge rounded. Caudal rounded. Pectoral long,
broad, rounded, expanded, and reaching opposite origin of anal. Ventral reaching
more than four-fifths to anus, spine three-fifths length of fin.
Color in arrack orange, faded a little, and many of scales on upper ani of
body with pale dusky. Head and back in front with small round golden spots.
On margin of soft dorsal at thirteenth ray a brown spot equal to pupil. Anal and
ventral with a narrow dusky margin. Caudal with a narrow whitish line close to
and concurrent with edge of fin. Pectoral deep golden-orange. Iris golden-yellow.
Inside of gill-opening with more or less faded orange-yellow. Peritoneum silvery.
Length 7+ inches.
Type No. 27,5038, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. Closely related to Bodzanus aurantius (Cuvier), differing in
the pale submarginal band and the dark spot on thirteenth dorsal ray. Dr.
Boulenger has united Serranus aurantzus with S. analzs, after an examination of
the types in the Paris Museum.' However, the two fishes figured by Bleeker
appear to differ.
(Lndelebilrs, not to be blotted out; referring to the dorsal spot.)
106. Bopranus mintaTus (Forskal).
7JETHALOPERCA subgen. nov.
Type Perca rogaa Forsk&l.
Closely related to Bodzanus, differimg in the physiognomy, which somewhat
suggests that of Zodozes and certain Lutzanzde. Soft dorsal and anal nearly form-
ing right-angled lobes. Caudal truncate. Ventral as long as pectoral. Caudal
peduncle deep. Snout with a straight profile, then upper profile strongly convex to
dorsal so that back is elevated.
(AiGados, dark-colored, sooty, or blackened ; zépxy, perch.) *
107. BopraNus ROGAA (Forskal).
108. EPINEPHELUS HENIOCHUS sp. nov. Plate XVIII, upper figure.
‘Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., Ed. II, I, 1805, p. 193. N. Celebes. (Dr. A. B. Meyer.) Louisiade
Archipelago. (Mr. J. Macgillivray.)
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 525
Head 21; depth 31; D. XI, 15; A, ITI, 8; P.m, 15; V.I, 5; scales 87 in a
lateral series to base of caudal, 16 in an oblique series between origin of spinous
dorsal and lateral line, and 25 between latter and origin of anal; pores 52 in lateral
line to base of caudal, and about 5 more on base of latter; width of head 23 in its
length; depth of head 1}; mandible 14; third dorsal spine 32; sixth dorsal ray
2,%,; third anal spine 4; fourth anal ray 22; caudal 2; least depth of caudal
peduncle 3;; pectoral 14; ventral 22; snout 44 in head, from tip of upper jaw;
eye 54; maxillary 21; interorbital space 72.
Body oblong, compressed, back hardly elevated, and greatest depth at origin of
ventral. Profiles more or less evenly convex. Caudal peduncle compressed, rather
deep, and its length from base of last dorsal ray but little less than its least depth.
Head long, pointed, profile slightly and evenly convex. Snout convex, rather
broad. Eye with its center about first third of head, measured from tip of snout.
Mouth not much inclined, and mandible projecting well beyond upper jaw. Max-
illary large, reaching opposite posterior rim of orbit, and distally expanded till about
four-sevenths of latter's diameter. Lips thick and tough. Teeth sharp pointed,
conical, and biserial in jaws. Outer series erect, of about equal length in each jaw,
and inner series small, depressable and longer in mandible. Teeth irregular in front
of each jaw, those above more elongate. Canines in front of each jaw, two smaller
ones in lower, and two adjoining on each side of upper well separated. Minute
teeth on vomer.and palatines. ‘Tongue long, narrow, free, and rounded in front.
Nostrils close together near middle of front of eye, and anterior with a fleshy rim
forming a short tube. Interorbital space slightly convex, with a slight depression
in front. Top of head convex. Posterior margin of opercle finely serrated and
ending in two small spines at lower corner. Three opercular spines, upper obso-
lete though most anterior, and middle largest, slightly directed upward. Opercular
flap rather long and pointed.
Gill-opening large and carried forward below posterior nostril. Gill-rakers
vy 2+ 10 m1, compressed, equal in length to gill-filaments, or a trifle less than half
of orbit. Pseudobranchize about equal to gill-filaments. Isthmus rather broad,
with a broad furrow in front and posteriorly with a slightly trenchant edge.
Scales small and finely ciliated. Head covered with more or less smootlr scales,
except lips and greater portion of maxillary. Scales on maxillary few and incon-
spicuous. Cheek, top of head, and snout with small scales. Basal portions of fins
with minute scales which do not extend far out. A few scales on bases of pectoral
and ventral. A broad scaly flap over axillary pit. Lateral line convex till about
fifth dorsal spine, then down along middle of side of caudal peduncle to base of
caudal.
Spinous dorsal inserted a trifle before origin of pectoral, and graduated to third
spine which is longest, and others all more or less equal. Soft dorsal inserted a
little nearer base of caudal than origin of pectoral, much higher than spinous dorsal
and its posterior edge rounded. Origin of anal a little in front of that of second
dorsal, spines graduated to third, which is longest. Soft anal higher than soft dor-
524 A COLLECTION OF FISHES -FROM SUMATRA.
sal, and rounded. Caudal subtruncate, its posterior margin slightly rounded when
expanded. Pectoral long, expanded, middle rays longest, fin rounded, and reaching
opposite anus. Ventral inserted a little before pectoral, and reaching about three-
fifths of distance to anal. Ventral spine strong, straight, and about two-thirds
length of fin. Anus about midway between tip of ventral and origin of anal.
Color in arrack rich wood-brown, belly and lower surface paler. A narrow
dark brown line from side of snout under eye to base of pectoral, and another simi-
lar from above end of maxillary across preopercle on side of head. Another dif
fuse one also from posterior edge of eye across postocular region. Fins and mouth
more or less tinged with dull olive-yellow, former somewhat dusky marginally,
except pectoral which is almost uniform pale olive-yellow. Iris brownish-yellow.
Peritoneum silvery.
Length 9 inches.
Type No. 27,557, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Two examples, larger 13 inches in length. This species is related to Apzn-
ephelus preopercularis (Boulenger).’ It differs in the absence of black dots or spots
on upper surface, fewer gill-rakers, fewer lateral pores, vertical fins without a nar-
row whitish margin. Lower brown streak across preopercle also characteristic of
E.. henzochus.
(‘Hyioxos, charioteer; the streaks on side of head suggesting a bridle or reins.)
109. EprInePHELUS MACULATUS (Bloch).
110. EprinEPHELUS SEXFASCIATUS (Valenciennes).
111. EpINEPHELUS MEGACHIR (Richardson).
112. EpINEPHELUS DERMOCHIRUS Valenciennes).
113. EpINEPHELUS HORRIDUS (Valenciennes).
114. EpINEPHELUS LANCEOLATUS (Bloch).
PRIACANTHIDA.
115. PRIACANTHUS TAYENUs Richardson.
LUTIANIDA.
116. EvopLiTES DECEMLINEATUS (Valenciennes).
Subgenus LUTIANUS Bloch.
Lutianus Bloch, Ichthyologie, IV, pt. 7, 1797, p. 85 (Zutjanus).
No gash on lower margin of preopercle, and process opposite obsolete. Fore-
head scaly.
117. Lutianus MADRAS (Valenciennes).
118. Lutianus virta (Quoy and Gaimard).
119. LuTraNus NOULENY (Valenciennes).
120. LutTIaANus BiGuTTATusS (Valenciennes).
BENNETTIA subgen. nov.
Type Anthias johnii Bloch.
Interorbital space naked. Scales above and below lateral line following in
parallel series. In this respect it resembles Razzevo Jordan and Fesler.
(Named for Mr. E. T. Bennett, an early writer on the fishes of Sumatra.)
1Serranus preopercularis Boulenger, Proc. Zoi]. Soc. London, 1887, p. 654. Muscat. (Mr. A.S.
G. Jayakar.)—Epinephelus preopercularis Boulenger, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., Ed. II, I, 1895, p. 207,
plate 5.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 525
121, Lutranus jounir (Bloch).
PARKIA subgen. nov.
Type Lutianus furvicaudatus sp. nov.
Hobar Forskal, Descript. Annimal., 1775, p. 44 (fulviflamma). [Uncertain.]
Interorbital space naked. Scales above lateral line sloping up in oblique series
more or less, to base of dorsal fin.
(Named for Mungo Park, the first writer on the fishes of Sumatra.)
122. Lutianus LEPIsuruS (Lacépéde).
123. LutTriANusS LUNULATUS (Park).
124. Lurtianus LINEATUS (Quoy and Gaimard).
125. LUTIANUS VAIGIENSIS (Quoy and Gaimard). -
126. LUTIANUS LIOGLOssus Bleeker.
127. LuTIANpS RUSSELLII (Bleeker).
128. LutTIANUS DECUSSATUs (Cuvier).
129. LUTIANUS CaA:RULEO-PUNCTATUS (Cuvier).
130. LuTIANUS RosEUS Day.
131. LUTIANUS FURVICAUDATUS sp. nov. Plate XVIII, lower figure.
Head 24; depth 2%; D. X, 13; A. III, 8; P. u, 14; V. I, 5; scales 50 ina
lateral series to base of caudal below lateral line; 9 scales in a slightly oblique
forward series between origin of spinous dorsal and lateral line, and 17 between
latter and origin of anal; pores 49 in lateral line to base of caudal; width of head
2% in its length; depth of head at posterior margin of eye 14; mandible 2; third
dorsal spine 24; tenth 3}; fifth dorsal ray 2%; second anal spine 34; first anal ray
22; least depth of caudal peduncle 3£; upper caudal lobe 11; pectoral 11; ventral
13; snout 2 7, from tip of upper jaw; eye 44; maxillary 22; interorbital space 53.
Body elongate, compressed, rather slender, and back somewhat elevated, with
a more or less curved profile. Caudal peduncle compressed, and its least depth about
one and one-quarter in its length.
Head elongate, pointed, compressed, and upper profile straight from tip of upper
Jaw to occiput, though well inclined. Snout rather long, convex, profile straight,
and upper jaw projecting. Preorbital a little less in width than vertical diameter
of eye. Hye a little longer than deep, a little anterior, and high in head. Mouth
rather small, slightly inclined horizontally, and curved. Lips thick, rather broad,
fleshy, and papillose on their inner edges. Lower jaw projects well beyond upper.
Maxillary reaching a trifle beyond front of eye, and its distal expanded extremity
one and three-quarters in horizontal diameter of orbit. A narrow inner series of
fine teeth in jaws, but only in front of lower. An outer series of enlarged sharp
pointed conic teeth in each jaw, those on sides and front of mandible enlarged, and
a pair of large canines in upper well separated. Minute teeth on vomer, palatines,
and tongue, in a \/-shaped patch on former. Tongue rather long, rounded, and free
in front. Nostrils well separated, anterior with a slightly elevated fleshy rim, much
nearer front of eye than tip of snout, and posterior about midway between front of
eye and anterior. Interorbital space a trifle convex. Margin of preopercle finely _
serrated, with a slight excavation below opposite rather obsolete interopercular
process. Opercle with two broad processes. Opercular flap rather obtuse.
Gill-opening extending forward nearly opposite posterior nostril. Gill-rakers
526 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
v 2+ 10 1, compressed, with rather coarse pricks on inner surfaces, and longest a
third longer than longest filaments, or one and three-quarters in eye. Pseudobran-
chiz equal to longest gill-filaments. Isthmus compressed and with a rather shal-
low groove in front. :
Scales moderate, finely ciliated, those on middle of side a little large, sloping
up in inclined series above lateral line to upper profile, and below it in horizontal
series. Seven series of scales on cheeks. Scales on opercle, subopercle and inter-
opercle, largest on former. Two broad opercular spines, upper anterior. Opercular
flap blunt. Suprascapula with serrated edge. Small scales crowded along base of
spinous dorsal, and small patches elevated alternately. Small scales crowded on
bases of other vertical fins and well out between rays of soft dorsal and anal.
Caudal basally with small crowded scales, margin broadly and greater portions of
median rays bare. Small scales crowded at base of pectoral, and also extending
on bases of rays. Ventral naked and with a small poimted scaly flap at its base.
Lateral line a little convex in front, and inclined more or less straight till out on
median basal portion of caudal, running well up on caudal peduncle at first.
Scales in lateral line small and with a large concealed single tube. Patch of
oblique scales on upper side of head broad and high up.
Origin of spinous dorsal about over that of pectoral, spines graduated to third,
second equal to eighth, first a trifle over half length of last, and margin of fin deeply
notched. First dorsal ray simple, about midway between origin of pectoral and
base of caudal, margin of fin straight, rounded behind, and first rays highest. Anal
inserted opposite base of second dorsal ray, second and third spines equal, first rays
longest, and base of rayed portion one and two-thirds in its height. Caudal emar-
ginate, pointed above and below. Pectoral rather small, pointed, and reaching a
little past anus, but not to anal. Ventral placed a trifle behind base of pectoral,
and ending in a short filament. Anus at tips of ventrals.
Color in arrack deep brown above, lower surface silvery-white. Indistinet
dusky-brown lines obliquely up from lateral line, and rather narrow. Below lateral
line a number of indistinct horizontal lines, fading out below. These also extend
on side of head and cheek, but indistinct at present. Caudal, with exception of
slightly paler posterior margin, deep blackish-brown. Dorsals, anal and pectoral
grayish-brown. Ventral pale orange, now much faded. Lower lip dusky. Iris
dull golden, with a brown blotch above. Peritoneum silvery.
Length 72 inches.
Type No. 27,596, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is related to Lutzanus argentimaculatus (Forskal).
The uniform dark caudal and oblique and horizontal stripes in combination will
however distinguish Z. fuvvzcaudatus from this and other allied species.
(Furvus, blackish-brown ; caudatus, tailed.)
Subgenus GENYOROGE Cantor.
Genyoroge Cantor, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal (Cat. Malay. Fish.), XVIII, 1850, p. 12 (sede).
132. LUTIANUS CHIRTAH (Cuvier). :
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 527
133. LuTIANUS MALABARICUS (Schneider). «
134. Lutranus sEB« (Cuvier).
ETELINZA.
135. APRION Typus (Bleeker).
DENTICINZ.
ANEMURA subgen. nov.
Type Dentex notatus Day.
Six canines in upper jaw. First dorsal spine without filament. No filament
to upper caudal lobe.
(A, without ; VHA, thread ; oupa, tail.)
136. DENTEX NoTATUS Day.
ODONTOGLYPHIS subgen. nov.
Type Dentex tolu Valenciennes.
Three series of large scales on cheek. Margin of spinous dorsal deeply notched,
so that ends of spines are free for good part of their length. Teeth equal, except
two canines in front of upper jaw.
(OdovroyA¥is, tooth-pick ; relating to free ends of dorsal spines.)
137. DeNTEX ToLU Valenciennes.
EUTHYOPTEROMA subgen. nov.
Type Dentex blochii Bleeker.
Scales large on cheek. Margin of spinous dorsal straight, unnotched. Canines
only in front of upper jaw.
(Bifis, straight; 7répepa, fin; referring to entire margin of spinous dorsal.)
-
138. DentTex BLocui Bleeker.
139. DENTEX MESOPRION Bleeker.
140. _GYMNOCRANIUS LETHRINOIDES (Bleeker).
THERAPONIDA.
Subgenus THERAPON Cuvier.
Therapon Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1829, p. 94 (servus).
Scales small, 75 to 100 in a lateral series to base of caudal.
141, THERAPON JARBUA (Forskal).
EUTHERAPON subgen. nov.
Type Therapon theraps Cuvier.
Seales large, about 55 in a lateral series.
(Ei, properly ; Mpdrov, a servant or slave.)
142. THERAPON THERAPS Cuvier.
HAEMULID&E.
EUELATICHTHYS subgen. nov.
Type Diagramma affine Ginther.
About 45 scales in a lateral series to base of caudal. Body deep. Dorsal
spines 12 or more.
(Ei#Aaros, well beaten out or hammered ; ixéis, fish.)
143. PLECTORHINCHUS AFFINIS (Giinther).
528 _ A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
SPILOTICHTHYS subgen. nov.
Type Holocentrus radjabau Lacépéde.
Dorsal spines 10. Scales small.
(SmAwrds, stained or blotched ; ix6is, fish.)
144, PLECTORHINCHUS RADJABAU (Lacépéde).
Subgenus PLECTORHINCHUS (Lacépéde).
Dorsal with 11 to 13 spines. Scales small, about 80.
145. PLECTORHINCHUS SEBAE (Bleeker).
146. PoMADASYS COMMERSONNII (Lacépéde).
147. .SCOLOPSIS BLEEKERI Giinther.
148. ODONTONECTES ERYTHROGASTER (Cuvier).
149. Casio C#RULAUREUS: Lacépéde.
150. CsIO ERYTHROCHILURUS sp. nov. Plate XIX, upper figure.
Head 3; depth 22; D. X, 15; A. ILI, 11; P. m, 17; V.1, 5; scales 52 ima
lateral series to base of caudal below lateral line; 8 scales between origin of spinous
dorsal and lateral line, and 15 between latter and origin of anal; 52 scales in lateral
line to base of caudal; width of head 2,5, in its length, measured from tip of upper
jaw; depth of head 14; snout 4; eye 32; maxillary 3; interorbital space 32; man-
dible 24 in head, measured from its own tip; third dorsal spine 24; first dorsal ray
22; third anal spine 3; first anal ray 22; least depth of caudal peduncle 3,5;
ventral 12.
Body elongate, compressed, more or less ellipsoid, back little if any elevated,
and profiles more or less eyenly convex. Caudal peduncle compressed, and its least
depth about three-fourths its length.
Head rhomboid, rather deep, compressed, and upper profile slightly concave
over front of eye. Snout short, somewhat broad, convex, and upper jaw but little
projecting. Eye moderate in size, orbicular, a little high, and its posterior margin
about midway in length of head. Mouth well inclined, and when closed mandible
protrudes a little beyond upper jaw. Manillary reaching a little beyond front rim
of orbit, and its distal expanded extremity two-fifths latter's diameter. Preorbital
narrow, its least width one-fourth of orbit. Teeth minute, several a little enlarged
and canine-like in front of upper jaw. EHach ramus well elevated inside mouth. A
series of minute teeth on vomer and along each palatine. Tongue elongate, pointed,
and free in front. Nostrils close together, well separated from upper front rim of’
orbit. Anterior nostril with a slight cutaneous rim. Interorbital space convexly
elevated. Margin of preopercle finely serrate, and suprascapula smooth along its
margin. An obsolete opercular spine, and a pointed opercular flap behind.
Gillopening extending forward opposite front rim of orbit. Gill-rakers
11+ 25, long, slender, and pointed, equal to longest filaments, which are half of
orbit. Pseudobranchiz as large as gill-filaments. Isthmus narrow and convex.
Scales moderately large, ctenoid, running in series parallel with lateral line
above its course, and in more or less horizontal longitudinal series below. Inter-
orbital space, snout, narrow orbital border, preorbital, maxilliary and jaws naked,
head otherwise scaly. A patch of scales on top completely crossing over inter-
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 529
orbital area above. Four series of scales on cheek. Basal portions of vertical fins
all with reduced and crowded scales, on caudal they become minute and extend
well over lobes. Bases of pectoral and ventral more or less with minute scales.
Lateral line a little convex, somewhat concurrent with dorsal profile, approaching
it more closely posteriorly, running a little high on side of caudal peduncle and well
out on base of caudal. A long pointed scaly flap at base of ventral.
Origin of spinous dorsal behind that of pectoral, spines slender, first shortest,
five or six immediately following highest, and others graduated to last, which
is shorter than any excepting first. Margin of fin hardly notched. Origin of
soft dorsal over tip of pectoral, anterior rays longest, and margin of fin a little
convex behind. Anal inserted a little behind origin of soft dorsal, spines slender,
first very short, and second and third about equal. Soft anal graduated from first
rays, which are longest, and margin of fin nearly straight. Caudal deeply forked,
lobes slender, pointed, and upper longer. Pectoral long and a number of upper
rays long. Ventral inserted behind origin of pectoral, pointed, and spine about
two-thirds length of fin. Anus nearer tip of ventral than origin of anal.
Color in arrack rich olivaceous-brown above, more or less washed with golden-
green, middle rays of each caudal lobe yellowish-green. Lower surface of body,
together with lower side of trunk, head and caudal peduncle, deep rosy. Edges of
caudal lobes, and several of middle rays, paler rosy. Dorsal fin olivaceous-brown,
margin or border broadly blackish. Ventral and anal orange, former inclining to
deep red. Pectoral deep orange, with axil and a distinct blotch at base of upper
rays jet-black. Peritoneum silvery.
Length 5# inches.
Type No. 27,621, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Nineteen examples. Closely related to Ceszo /unarzs Ehrenberg as identified
by Bleeker’s East Indian examples. It agrees with it more or less in the large
scales, fin radii, and deep body. C. /unarzs has fewer scales in a vertical series
above the lateral line, and a differently colored caudal, the tip of each lobe black.
(‘EpvOpatos, red ; yezdos, MALIN ; ovpa, tail.)
SPARIDZ.
Subgenus LETHRINUS Cuvier.
151. LeTrHRINUS ORNATUS Valenciennes.
152. LETHRINUS OPERCULARIS Valenciennes.
LETHRINELLA subgen. nov.
Type Sparus miniatus Schneider.
Snout long and pointed. Lips broad and fleshy, upper equal to diameter of
pupil. Conic pointed teeth.
(‘Le nom que nous avons cru pouvoir donner a ce genre est celui que la pagel
porte en grec moderne” [Valenciennes].)
153. LETHRINUS MINIATUS (Schneider).
67 JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA., VOL. XII.
530 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
SCIZENIDZ.
154. OToOLITHUS ARGENTEUS Cuvier.
155. Scr#NA MACROPTERA (Bleeker).
POLYNEMIDA.
156. POLYDACTYLUS PFEIFFERI (Bleeker). Plate XVI, lower figure.
GERRIDA.
PERTICA subgen. nov.
Type Gerres filamentosus Cuvier.
Second dorsal spine longer than head.
(Pertica, a pole; with reference to second dorsal spine.)
157. GERRES FILAMENTOSUS Cuvier.
KYPHOSID-A.
158. KypHosus LEMBUS (Cuvier).
MULLIDA.
159. UPENEOIDES SULFUREUS (Cuvier).
160. UpENEOIDES MOLUCCENSIS Bleeker.
161. UpENEUS MALABARICUS Cuvier.
j NANDID-A.
162. PHAROPTERYX CORALLICOLA (Bleeker).
OSPHRONEMID&.
163. OSPHRONEMUS GORAMY Lacépéde.
164. TRICHOPODUS TRICHOPTERUS (Pallas).
ANABANTID-.
165. ANABAS SCANDENS (Daldorff).
OPHICEPHALID.
166. OPHICEPHALUS SPIRITALIS sp. nov. Plate IX, lower figure.
Head 3; depth 51; D. 39; A. 28; P.1,16; V.1, 5; 55 scales to base of cau-
dal in a lateral series; about 16 osseous scales before dorsal ; 5 scales between origin
of dorsal and lateral line, and 11 between latter and origin of ventral; width of
head 2 in its length; depth of head 2,4,; snout 53; eye 74; mouth, from tip of
snout, 31; maxillary 24; mandible 2,45; interorbital space 44; pectoral 2; ventral
23; caudal 13; least depth of caudal peduncle 23.
Body moderately elongate, rather thick, greatest depth about outer portion of
ventral, Tail long, rather deep and compressed.
Head large, elongate, broad, depressed in front, and sides rounded with a
swollen appearance. Snout short, broad, rounded when viewed above. Eye small,
superior, and its posterior rim about first third in length of head. Mouth large,
broad, oblique, and maxillary reaching below posterior portion of orbit. It is
received in a deep infraorbital groove, and its distal extremity dilated till about
three-fifths of eye-diameter. Mandible large, flattened below, and projecting well
beyond tip of snout. Teeth in upper jaw minute, and in a broad band. Mandible
with a small short patch of similar teeth at symphysis in front, and along sides a
single series of enlarged, compressed, rather short and sharp pointed teeth. An
outer series of small irregular pointed teeth along outer bases of enlarged teeth, in
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 551
jaws. Vomer with a long fang in center, and several small teeth about. Palatines
with a single series of a few enlarged teeth, similar to those along sides of mandible.
Tongue rather long, narrow and free. Lips rather broad and somewhat fleshy.
Anterior nostril with a short bifid tube. Posterior rather large, circular, level with
upper rim and nearly opposite front rim of orbit. Interorbital space broad and
flattened. Opercle with a narrow fleshy gill-flap. Top of head broad and more or
less flattened, becoming convex posteriorly.
Gill-opening large, extending forward till about an eye-diameter posterior to
posterior rim of orbit, and branchiostegal membrane forming a broad fold over isth-
mus. Gill-rakers small, short broad asperous stumps, and 7 in number on first arch.
Gill-filaments short. Accessory branchial cavity large, and with a large fleshy valve.
Seales moderately large, cycloid, those on bases of caudal and pectoral fins small.
On head above, and opercular region, scales become bony and firmly joined to top
of head. Lateral line slightly oblique at first, then dropping down a scale over
third anal ray and extending straight to base of caudal.
Dorsal fin of nearly uniform height, long, and beginning over posterior margin
of gill-opening. Anal beginning about midway between tip of snout and base of
caudal, similar to dorsal in size and shape. Caudal oblong, its posterior margin
convex. Pectoral rounded, middle rays longest. Ventrals small, inserted well
behind pectorals, and reaching anus. Caudal peduncle deep and compressed.
Color im arrack more or less brown, dark or dusky above, and lower surface
whitish or soiled-brown. Trunk more or less mottled or blotched with blackish-
brown. A pale streak along side from opercle, and below this four or five large
blackish blotches. Opercle with a blackish blotch. A dark streak from eye above
obliquely across opercle, and another similar one from lower margin of eye. Fins
all more or less dusky, with obliquely horizontal blackish lines on dorsal and anal
in front, becoming more or less parallel with fin posteriorly. Caudal with indistinct
blackish mottlings. Pectoral with four or five vertical cross-bars of blackish. Ven-
trals mottled with dusky. Peritoneum silvery.
Length 11+ inches.
Type No. 27,664, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is close to Ophzcephalus pleurophthalmus Bleeker;,!
differmg however in color. Sides without the large ocelli of that species, but about
six large dark blotches below lateral line, like those in Bleeker’s figure of O. luczus.*
Pectoral barred, in this case agreeing with O. polylepzs Blecker,® but that species is
said to have longitudinal dark bands or lines on dorsal and anal, and sides without
dark blotches. O. urophthalmus Bleeker* is probably the same as O. pleuroph-
thalmus from Borneo.
(Spzrztalzs, belonging to air or breath. Applied as Ophzcephalus is said to live
in mud-pools and rise to the surface before it becomes sun-baked to take in air at times.)
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., I, 1850, p. 270.
* Atlas Ichth., VIII, 1877, plate 398 (2), fig. 1.
’ Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., III, 1852, p. 578.
U5:
532 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
POMACENTRID&-.
167. PREMNAS EPIGRAMMATA sp. nov. Plate XIX, lower figure to right.
Head 34; depth 2; D. X, 16; A. II, 14; P. 1,15; V. I, 5; scales 66 in a
lateral series below lateral line to base of caudal; 44 porous scales in lateral line to
base of caudal; 10 scales in an oblique series from origin of spinous dorsal back to
lateral line, and 25 between latter forward to origin of anal; width of head 14 in
its length; depth of head over posterior margin of eye 1; snout 3; eye 43; max-
illary 3; interorbital space 34; first dorsal spime 24; second anal spine 24; least
depth of caudal peduncle 14; caudal 1; pectoral 1; ventral 1+.
Body ellipsoid, deep, and strongly compressed, profiles similar. Caudal pedun-
cle compressed, rather deep, and its length about three-fifths its least depth.
Head deep, protruding, and its anterior profile evenly though strongly convex.
Upper profile from above eye to origin of spinous dorsal a little concave. Snout
broad, blunt, with a convex surface and profile, and upper jaw slightly projecting.
Eye small, high, anterior and circular. Mouth broad, short, and gape reaching
opposite posterior nostril. Maxillary narrow, its width about equal to pupil of eye
and its posterior margin reaching opposite front rim of orbit. Mandible broad,
rami short and even with upper jaw in front. Teeth compressed, uniserial and
with their extremities more or less truncate. Vomer and palatines edentulous.
Tongue far back, broad, rather blunt and little free in front. Nostrils near
together, small, circular, posterior nearer anterior than front of eye. Interorbital
space broad, and a little convex or not much elevated. Bony orbital rim narrow,
corrugated, or roughly striated, preorbital with a short spine directed downward,
and infraorbital ending in a backwardly directed spine that reaches about middle of
opercle. Margin of preopercle with a number of rough jagged denticles. Opercle
finely striate. Subopercle coarsely striate and with its margin denticulate.
Gill-opening extending forward about opposite posterior margin of pupil, and
membrane forming a rather narrow free fold across. Gill-rakers 6+ 15, short,
pointed, rather weak, and equal to about two-thirds of longest filaments. Gill-
filaments about five-sixths of orbit. Pseudobranchiz well developed, a little over
half of orbit. Isthmus compressed, narrow and with a shallow groove in front.
Scales mostly finely ctenoid and small. Head more or less naked, cheek, inter-
opercle, and upper moiety of pectoral covered with small scales. A broad naked
space on each side of head above between eyes and interorbital space, and occiput.
Bases of vertical fins covered with minute scales. Bases of pectoral and ventral
with minute scales, and space between bases of ventrals thickly scaled. Lateral
line well curved up, ending about opposite last two-thirds of base of soft dorsal.
Tubes simple.
Spinous dorsal inserted a little before origin of pectoral, fourth spine longest,
others graduated from it, and first and sixth of about even length. Soft dorsal
inserted a little before tip of pectoral, posterior rays highest, much higher than
posterior dorsal spines, and forming a blunt lobe. Anal inserted about opposite
origin of soft dorsal, first spine short, and rays of soft fin more or less equal in
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 533
height, forming a blunt lobe posteriorly. Caudal rounded. Pectoral similar to
caudal, rounded, and median rays longest. Ventral inserted well behind pectoral,
innermost ray united with abdomen by a membrane for greater part of its length,
rounded, and when depressed reaching origin of soft anal. Ventral spine straight,
a trifle longer than half length of fin. Anus about midway between tip of ventral
spine and origin of anal fin.
Color in arrack deep clove-brown, paler beneath, and fins also more dilute
distally. A broad milky-white saddle, slightly tinted with pearl-gray, extending
from occiput and just behind eye till down on middle of opercle. There it gives
place to a brownish-black line extending down across interopercle. A. similar
narrower saddle extends down on back to middle of abdomen from ninth and tenth
dorsal spines. This is also continued below to origin of spinous anal as a blackish-
brown line. Caudal peduncle with a similar saddle-like band, becoming narrower
below. Blackish-brown lines of two preceding saddles extends up narrowly along
their edges, forming a dark border. Saddle on caudal peduncle also with similar
dark edges. Iris with a yellow ring, otherwise dusky-slate color. Peritoneum
grayish-silvery.
Length 51% inches.
Type No. 27,665, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Two examples. Bleeker recognized three varieties of Premnas bzaculeatus.
According to his diagnosis this species approaches near semzczncta of Cuvier,’ but
both the original figure and that by Bleeker* do not agree, as no dark lines are
indicated running down from the saddles above. Furthermore, the saddles are of
altogether different pattern. They do not extend as low, the second blotch hardly
extends on spinous dorsal, and last does not entirely encircle caudal peduncle.
(Epigramma, brand.)
Subgenus AMPHIPRION Schneider.
168. AMPHIPRION EPHIPPIUM (Bloch),
ACTINICOLA subgen. nov.
Type Lutjanus percula Lacépéde.
Dorsal deeply notched, though spinous and rayed fins are connected they are
also distinct.
(Actinta, Sea-anemone ; zzcola, inhabitant. According to Day the following
species is commensal in certain Actznzzoa.)
169. AMPHIPRION PERCULA (Lacépéde).
170. DascyLLus ARUANUS (Linnzus).
171. DascyLLus TRIMACULATUS (Riippell).
172. CHROMIS CINERASCENS Cuvier,
173. POMACENTRUS LEUCOSPHYRUS sp. noy. Plate XIX, lower figure to left.
Head 32; depth 22; D. XIII, 11; A. IL, 11; P.u, 14; V. I, 5; scales 28 in
a lateral series below lateral line to base of caudal; 3 scales between origin of spin-
Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1830, p. 307, plate 133, fig. 1.
> Atlas Ichth., IX, 1878, plate 402 (8), fig. 7.
534 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
ous dorsal and lateral line; 11 scales in an oblique series up to lateral line from
origin of anal; 16 scales in lateral line; width of head 2 in its length; depth of
head, over middle of orbit, 14; snout 4; eye 32; maxillary 34; interorbital space
3; last dorsal spine 14; second anal spine 12; least depth of caudal peduncle 2;
pectoral 1,
Body elongate, compressed, greatest depth at origin of ventral, and upper pro-
file a little more convex in front. Caudal peduncle compressed, and its depth equal
to its length.
Head small, deep, and upper profile evenly though slightly convex from upper
jaw to occiput. Snout short, broad and convex, upper jaw projecting a little. Eye
small, a little above middle of depth of head, circular, and its posterior margin a
trifle before middle in its length. Mouth small, oblique, mandible slightly protrud-
ing beyond upper jaw, distal expanded end of maxillary about two-fifths of orbit,
and reaching a little beyond its front rim. Teeth uniserial, compressed, with,
truncate extremities, and forming cutting edges in jaws. Vomer and palatines
edentulous. Tongue rather elongate, narrow, pointed, free and moderately far
back in mouth. Nostril circular, midway on side of snout. A small pore close in
front. Interorbital space a little broader than eye and convex. Preopercle with
minute irregular or jagged edge. Opercle with two short spines, one at angle most
pronounced
Gill-opening extending forward opposite front rim of orbit. Gill-rakers 7 + 17,
slender, elongate, a little shorter than filaments, which are about two-thirds of orbit.
Pseudobranchie about half of orbit. Isthmus narrow, compressed, its edge a little
flattened, and membrane forming a short fold across.
Seales large, finely ctenoid, broadly exposed, and largest on middle of side.
Smaller scales crowded along bases of vertical fins, and still smaller or minute
scales extending well out between spines and rays. Along bases of spinous dorsal
and anal a line of demarcation, indicating profile of trunk, evident. Base of pec-
toral with minute scales. Small scales crowded on snout, interorbital space, top of
head, and around eye. Four rows of scales on cheek. Lateral lie convex, slightly
recurved near its termination below bases of third or fourth dorsal rays. Below and
a little above middle a series of ten scales, each with a puncture, continue to base
of caudal. Tubes of lateral line simple. At beginning of lateral line a large scale
thickly covered with small scales.
Spinous dorsal inserted well in advance of origin of pectoral, margin of fin
notched with a cutaneous flap behind tip of each spine, and spines more or less
graduated to last, which is longest. Soft dorsal inserted nearly midway between
middle of pectoral and base of caudal, rays graduated to sixth, which is longest,
and prolonged into a filamentous point reaching about three-fifths length of caudal.
Anal inserted about opposite eleventh dorsal spine, second spine a little more than
twice length of first, or about equal to half of eye and postocular region. Soft anal
similar to soft dorsal, larger, and seventh ray longest, not quite reaching middle of
caudal. Posterior rays of both fins much shorter than anterior. Caudal deeply
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 535
forked, and lobes long, slender, and ending in slender or narrow points. Pectoral
small, not reaching origin of anal, and rather broad. Ventral inserted a little
behind pectoral, and first ray longest, extending to origin of anal fin. Ventral
spine slender and reaching about half of distance.
Color in arrack black with a dull violaceous tinge. Each scale with a dusky
or slightly olivaceous margin, more distinct than basal portion, which has a dull
slaty tint. Fins all blackish, pectoral paler, and first ray of ventral beyond spine
pearly-white. Pronounced scale at beginning of lateral line black, forming a distinct
blotch. Iris slaty.
Length 42 inches.
Type No. 27,673, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is closely related to Pomacentrus violascens
(Bleeker). It differs however in the almost uniform dark color, without any yellow
or golden on lower regions or caudal peduncle. Ventrals also differ, as they are
entirely dark like the other fins, except tip of first or longest ray which is pearl-
white beyond tip of spine.
(Aevxdeipos, White-footed, with reference to the white-tipped ventrals.)
174. POMACENTRUS TRIPUNCTATUS Cuvier.
175. POMACENTRUS VANICOLENSIS Cuvier.
176. CHRYSIPTERA MODESTA (Schlegel and Miiller).
177. CHRYSIPTERA UNIMACULATA (Cuvier).
178. GLYPHISODON SEPTEMFASCIATUS Cuvier.
179. GLYPHISODON SAXATILIS (Linnzus).
180. GLYPHISODON LEUCOGASTER Bleeker.
LABRID#.
181. CHOEROPS SCHOENLEINII (Valenciennes).
182. LkrpPIDAPLOIS MESOTHORAX (Schneider).
183. STETHOJULIS PHEKADOPLEURA (Bleeker).
OCTOCYNODON subgen. nov.
Type /ulis miniatus Valenciennes.
Canines +.
(Okra, eight ; KUOY, dog ; ddovs, tooth.)
184. HALICHG=RES MINIATUS (Valenciennes).
185. HALICHG=RES ANNULATUS sp. nov. Plate XX, upper figure.
Head 2-9-; depth 35; D. IX, 11; A. TIT, 11; P.m, 11; V. I, 5; scales 28 in
a lateral series below lateral line to base of caudal; 2 scales between anterior spi-
nous dorsal and lateral line; 28 scales in lateral line, last one on base of caudal ;
8 scales obliquely back and up to lateral line from origin of anal; width of head
21 in its length; depth of head over middle of eye 13; snout 3; eye 51; mouth 5+;
interorbital space 42; first dorsal spine 42; ninth 51; first dorsal ray 2}; third
anal spine 31; first anal ray 24; caudal 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 2};
pectoral 14; ventral 14.
Body elongate, compressed, upper profile a little more convex, and greatest
536 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
depth about front of spinous dorsal. Caudal peduncle deep, compressed, and its
length about four-fifths of least depth.
Head elongate, pointed, compressed, and profiles similar though upper a little
more oblique. Snout long, convex above, and lip protruding in front. Eye small,
with horizontal diameter a trifle longer, high, and its posterior margin near middle
of head. Mouth small, horizontal, jaws equal, and corner extending about oppo-
site posterior nostril. Preorbital broad, concealing end of maxillary. Lips broad,
fleshy, and with their inner surfaces plicate. Teeth conic, pointed, uniserial,
and with four canines in front of each jaw. Lach side of upper jaw posteriorly
with a canine. Tongue a little broad, rounded, free in front, and depressed or flat-
tened above. Nostrils well separated, near upper margin of eye anteriorly, and
anterior with a small cutaneous rim. | Interorbital space elevated a little convexly.
Opercle with a rather large cutaneous flap.
Gill-opening extending forward about opposite posterior margin of orbit. Gill-
rakers 7 +9? short weak points. Filaments less than eye and pseudobranchie
much smaller. Isthmus broad and membrane forming but a narrow fold across.
Scales rather large, cycloid, becoming smaller on occiput, chest, at base of pec-
toral and on basal portion of caudal. Fins and head otherwise without scales.
Lateral line concurrent with dorsal profile till below last dorsal rays, then sloping
down and extending along middle of side of caudal peduncle to base of caudal.
Tubes mostly with one or two bifurcations.
Origin of spinous dorsal about opposite that of pectoral, spines pungent, more
or less graduated to the last which is longest, and margin of fin entire. Soft dor-
sal a little higher, origin of fin a little nearer eye than base of caudal, edge entire,
and anterior rays longest. Origin of spinous anal about opposite origin of soft dor-
sal, spines pungent and third longest. Anterior anal rays longest, and membrane
along margin of fin entire. Caudal with a convex margin when expanded, and
edges of fin rounded. Pectoral broad, upper rays longest and not reaching opposite
anus. Ventral inserted nearly opposite origin of pectoral, pointed, first ray longest,
and not reaching tip of pectoral. Ventral spine slender, pungent, and nearly
equal to three-fifths length of fin. Anus nearly midway between tip of ventral and
origin of anal fin. ;
Color in arrack pale brownish-white, fins a little lighter than trunk. Five
large deep brownish-dusky blotches along upper side of back. A broad brown band
from opercular flap to base of caudal, more or less unevenly margined above and
below with spots or flakes of pearly, and marked also with six large deep blackish
or dusky-brown blotches, third and fourth of which are more or less confluent, not
only with themselves but also with those on back above. Almost all of scales,
especially those of darker hue, marked with paler centers. Pearly flakes or streaks
on lower surface of body pronounced. Top of head with bluish streaks or short
blotches. A bluish streak extends down from upper side of head towards eye. <A
broad bluish band from eye to corner of mouth, another below first toward lower
margin of eye, another broader back across opercle then down to edge of gill-open-
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 537
ing, and finally a broad blue ring on cheek including margin of preopercle. Oper-
cular flap with a broad blue-black blotch. All of markings on head narrowly mar-
gined with dark brownish. Vertical fins with blotches of pale pearly-bluish.
Along base of dorsal these form large distinct blotches more or less rounded, en-
larged and most pronounced on soft dorsal. On soft dorsal about second and third
rays a large blackish blotch, and extending around paler blotches. Upper portions
of dorsals also marked with similar large pale or pearly-blue blotches, most distinct
on rayed fins. Anal with a basal series of pearly spots, one on membrane between
each ray, a broad median pearly band longitudinally, and margin of fin a little
dusky. Caudal with about five pale spots, with slightly brownish margins on each
ray forming as many vertical series, and most distinct on outer median portion,
which is also a trifle dusky. Pectoral and ventral unmarked. Peritoneum silvery-
eray.
Length 34 inches.
Type No. 27,713, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Close to Halichwres poecila (Lay and Bennett) from near Riu Kiu. This was
identified with Jules (Halicheres) harloffiz Bleeker by that distinguished naturalist.
However, he apparently had two forms united under ar/offiz, one of which repre-
sents the examples before me. Aar/offiz is figured later, though the description
applies to annulatus. The complete circle or ring on the lower side of the head is
the chief character for the distinction of axnzlatus.
(Annulatus, ringed.)
Subgenus HALICHQGERES Riippell.
Canines 3.
186. HALICHG:RES NIGRESCENS (Schneider).
187. HALICHGeRES LEPARENSIS (Bleeker).
188. HaLICHGzRES HARTZFELDII (Bleeker).
189. HaticHazres GuTratus (Bloch).
°190. THALASSOMA LUNARE (Linnzus). Plate XXIII, lower figure.
191. THALASSOMA MELANOCHIR sp. nov. Plate XX, middle figure.
Head 25; depth 34; D. VIII, 138; A. III, 11; P.u, 14; V.I, 5; scales 24
in a lateral series below lateral line to base of caudal; 3 scales between lateral line
and origin of spinous dorsal; 8 scales between origin of anal obliquely back to lat-
eral line; 26 scales in lateral line, last one on base of caudal; width of head 22 in
its length ; depth of head over anterior margin of eye 12; snout 2}; eye 62; mouth
32: imterorbital space 41; eighth dorsal spine 32; second dorsal ray 27; third anal
mye 4? Fas) 8 ‘J yD)
spine 44; second anal ray 34; least depth of caudal peduncle 24; caudal, meas-
ured to tip of middle rays, 1,5,; pectoral 12; ventral 22.
Body elongate, compressed, deepest anteriorly or about origin of ventral, and
upper profile a little more convex than lower. Caudal peduncle compressed, and
its least.depth a trifle less than its length.
Head moderately large, compressed, pointed, and its upper profile evenly con-
vex from tip of upper jaw to occiput. Snout long, compressed, sides flattened, its
upper surface convex, and upper jaw well protruded in front. Eye small, circular,
68 JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA., VOL. XII.
538 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
high, and its posterior margin midway in length of head. Mouth small, slightly
inclined, jaws equal, and free edge of preorbital nearly opposite anterior nostril.
Lips large, fleshy, and with inner surfaces plicate. Teeth uniserial, conic, and with
two canines in front of each jaw. Tongue broad, rounded, and entirely free in
front. Nostrils well separated, rather high and posterior on side of snout near
upper front of eye, small, and anterior in a small cutaneous tube. Interorbital
space broad, convex, and equal to a little more than one and one-half eye-diam-
eters. Opercular flap a little long and pointed.
Gill-opening extending till within a little posterior to eye. Gill-rakers 5 + 16,
small, short, compressed, and broadly triangular rudiments. Gill-filaments much
larger, almost equal to eye-diameter in length. Pseudobranchiz smaller. Isthmus
broad, and membrane forming but a narrow fold across.
Scales large, cycloid, and crowded along bases of vertical fins. On bases of
soft dorsal and anal pointed, not forming a basal sheath, and on base of caudal
becoming small, especially on upper and lower elongated rays. A small patch of
scales on opercular region above, head otherwise naked. Two short pointed scales
at axillary region of ventral, and a single broad one between bases of two fins. A
large scale above opercular flap at shoulder girdle. Lateral line concurrent with
dorsal profile, sloping down below last rays of dorsal and continued along side of
caudal peduncle medianly to base of caudal. Tubes arborescent.
Origin of spinous dorsal a little before that of pectoral, spines pungent, last
highest, and margin of fin entire. Soft dorsal inserted a little before tip of pectoral
or a little nearer base of caudal than posterior margin of eye, anterior part of fin
highest, and its posterior extremity rounded. Anal inserted about opposite base of
third dorsal ray or beyond tip of pectoral, spines small, pungent, and third longest.
Soft anal similar to soft dorsal. Caudal truncate medianly, upper and lower rays
produced in short points, and when expanded median rays form a convex margin.
Pectoral rather long, upper rays longest, tip of fin rounded, and its posterior margin
obliquely straight. Ventral small, inserted well behind pectoral, broad, pointed,
reaching a little over half way to anal, and small pungent spine about three-fifths
length of fin.
Color in arrack olive-green above, lower surface of head, abdomen, and caudal
peduncle sky-blue white. Three broad deep purplish bands radiating from below
and behind eye, last extending across opercle to front of pectoral. Another broad
band extends along each side of snout to eye, and still another includes interorbital
space to eye and extends back along upper side of head to gill-opening. All of
bands on head narrowly margined with dusky-bluish. About seven jet-black trans-
verse bars along side of back. First continued from supracephalic band of purple
along upper shoulder girdle and down in front of base of pectoral, also a little below.
Second similarly oblique, and extending down on side of abdomen as far as first.
Several of scales between these two bands with centers largely black. Remaining
transverse bars all wedge-shaped, becoming narrow below, and smaller posteriorly.
A purplish longitudinal band along back above, parallel with first part of lateral
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 539
line, then extending along upper edge of caudal peduncle and out on uppermost
caudal rays, where it becomes reddish. From lower portion of third transverse
black blotch, a broad salmon-red horizontal band longitudinally and medianly to
base of caudal. A similar streak of pinkish hue along lower edge of caudal pedun-
cle forward. Dorsal pale yellow, with a median longitudinal band of dusky, broad
at first, and narrowing down and fading out on last dorsal rays. Anal whitish,
with a dusky blotch on first three rays. Caudal with its posterior portion broadly
dusky-gray. Pectoral pale, creamy at base, with a black axillary spot at its base
above, and terminal portion broadly black. Ventral dilute yellowish.
Length 63 inches.
Type No. 27,724, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. Closely related to Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett).! It differs
in blackish-tipped pectoral and presence of an oblique black band before base of
pectoral. Bleeker’s figure agrees with me/anochir, except that he does not show the
pectoral with a blackish extremity. Zhalassoma dorsale (Quoy and Gaimard) has
been identified with hardwecke, though it does not appear to have a broad rosy
lateral band extending along side of trunk to caudal peduncle. /u/zs semzfasctatus
Valenciennes may also be allied or identical with dorsa/e, and the same may be
said of /ulzs (/ulis) urostigma Bleeker.
(Médas, black; yelp, hand.)
192. CHEILINUS TRILOBATUS Lacépéde.
193. CHEILINUS ENNEACANTHUS (Lacépéde).
194. CHEILINUS DIAGRAMMA (Lacépéde).
195. HEMIPTERONOTUS LIOGENYS sp. nov. Plate XX, lower figure.
Head 34; depth 22; D. II, VII, 12; A. II, 12; P.u, 10; V. I, 5; 26 scales
below lateral line to base of caudal; 2 scales between origin of second spinous dor-
sal and lateral line; 9 scales obliquely back from origin of anal to lateral line; 21
seales in first division of lateral line, and 6 more in remaining portion with last
scales on base of caudal; width of head 24 in its length; depth of head, over ante-
rior margin of eye, equal to its length; first flexible spine of dorsal about 22; fifth
pungent spine 33; fifth dorsal ray 5; second anal spine 54; third anal ray 24;
least depth of caudal peduncle 23; caudal 1}; pectoral 12; ventral 14; snout 12;
eye 53; mouth 32; interorbital space 5.
Body oblong-elongate, greatly compressed, slightly trenchant, and profiles of
trunk more or less similar. Greatest depth at base of ventral, and from that point
posteriorly body becoming gradually less in depth to caudal peduncle. Caudal
peduncle deep, compressed, and its length a little less than its depth.
Head deep, greatly compressed, large, parabolic, upper profile steep, convex
from level with eye to origin of dorsal, and somewhat trenchant. Snout long, com-
pressed, a little trenchant, and its profile nearly straight from opposite eye to tip of
‘This name apparently has priority over dorsale of Quoy and Gaimard, though I have not been
able to consult the original edition of the worleas it is not contained in the Academy’s library at present.
It was published in London by Longman & Co., 1828 to 1839. The copy of the second edition now
before me is by Edward Bull, Holles Street, Cavendish Square. It has a prefatory account which is
dated ‘‘ London, March 1, 1830.”
540 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
snout. Eye small, high, circular, and nearly midway in head. Mouth low, mod-
erately large, and corner falling about opposite anterior nostril. Jaws large, broad,
not much produced, though forming a blunt angle at lower anterior profile. Lips
broad, especially lower, thick and fleshy. Teeth uniserial, strong, conic, and front
of each jaw with two large curved exposed canines, lower pair fitting in between
upper and directed a little laterally. Tongue small, well back in mouth, and a
little free in front. Nostrils minute and high. Interorbital space convex, elevated,
and a little trenchant in middle. Margins of preopercle and gill-opening thin,
former rounded.
Gill-opening extending forward till opposite front rim of pupil. Gill-rakers
5 +8, short, uneven, and with small pricks on their inner surfaces. Gill-filaments
much longer, equal to at least three-quarters of eye-diameter. Pseudobranchize
smaller. Isthmus narrow, compressed, and membrane forming a rather broad fold
across.
Scales large, thin, cycloid, and with exposed portions narrow. Fins naked,
except base of caudal which is closely scaled, but none of its scales enlarged. Head
naked, except occiput, a few scales on opercle above, and a few below and behind
eye. Lateral line convex at first and then more or less straight till below posterior
dorsal rays where it drops suddenly to middle of side of caudal peduncle, continu-
ing straight and medianly to base of caudal. Tubes mostly simple, sometimes bifid.
Dorsal beginning close behind eye, first two spines flexible, and membrane
uniting them with succeeding deeply incised. Other dorsal spines pungent, of
nearly uniform height, and margin of fin straight. Soft dorsal inserted nearly mid-
way between posterior end of maxillary and base of caudal, rays of about uniform
height, and most of them higher than pungent spines. Anal inserted a trifle in
advance of soft dorsal, spines small, pungent, second longest, and rayed fin similar
to soft dorsal. Caudal rather small and rounded. Pectoral long, broad, upper rays
pointed, and reaching below base of last pungent dorsal spine. Ventral long,
pointed, inserted below origin of pectoral, spine short, and a little less than a third in
length of fin. When depressed fin reaches nearly three-fourths of distance to anal fin.
Color in arrack pale brownish-white. Each scale with pearly-leaden spot at
its base leaving a vertical exposed streak, and more whitish on lower surface. A pale
dusky-olive patch above eye. Side with five indistinct dusky-olive vertical trans-
verse bands. First band below second flexible dorsal spine. Second extends down
to large white patch which covers a good portion of costal region. In front of this
a broad olive space merging in first transverse band. Second band begins below
middle of spinous dorsal. Several scales at bases of third and fourth dorsal rays
blackish, there third band begins. Fourth band begins below eighth, nimth and
tenth dorsal rays, and last band on base of caudal. First two flexible dorsal spines
and membranes dusky or blackish, dorsal fin otherwise pale yellowish-green, with
a broad pale dusky margin, and marked with pale irregular oblique bars. Anal
pale yellowish-green, with narrow oblique:pale bars. Caudal pale, with several
indistinct cross-lines. Pectoral and ventral pale brown.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 541
Length 82 inches.
Type No. 27,730, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Also three cotypes. Closely related to Hemipteronotus baldwint Jordan and
Evermann! from the Hawaiian Islands, but on comparison with one of the cotypes
of that species Zagenys is seen to have but few scales on the cheek and not extend-
ing down to the mouth. It also has a larger pectoral.
(Acios, smooth; ydis, cheek.)
SCARIDZ.
196. SCARUS PINGUIROSTRATUS sp. nov. Plate XXI, upper figure.
Head 28; depth 21; D. IX, 10; A. Iti 9) Pim 13 Vo 1 5; scales 23. in
lateral series to base of ae 2 eecalen between origin of spinous dorsal and lat-
eral line; 8 scales between origin of spinous anal and lateral line; 25 scales in
lateral line to base of caudal, last one on latter; width of head 2 in its length;
‘depth of head, over anterior margin of eye, 12; snout 1,9,; eye 94; mouth 5{;
maxillary 34; interorbital space 3; ninth dorsal apie oh first dorsal ray from tip
of anterior bifurcation 4; ninth 32; third anal spine 31; first anal ray from tip of
anterior bifurcation 3+; eiehth 3 34; least depth of caudal peduncle 22; pectoral 13;
ventral 2.
Body elongate, robust, well compressed, greatest depth near middle of pectoral,
profiles evenly convex, and upper more so than lower. Caudal peduncle large,
compressed, and its least depth about seven-eighths its length.
Head large, moderately compressed, cheeks a little flattened, and upper profile
from above front of eye to occiput convex. Snout large, its surface convex, profile at
first convex then slightly concave, and in front extending a little beyond upper man-
dible. Snout also soft to touch. Eye small, circular, high, and midway in length of
head. Mouth inferior, and its corner extending about two-fifths in space opposite
vertical from front of eye. Teeth developed as two sharp uneven-edged mandibles
with a smooth convex surface, and more or less convex granulations along their
edges. Two posterior canine teeth on each side of upper mandible. A thick
fleshy buccal fold inside of each mandible. Tongue convex, thick, and not free.
Lips tough and fleshy, though not covering much ee mandibles. Maxillary extend-
ing about opposite posterior nostril. Nostrils small, lateral, inconspicuous, separated,
shone close together, and situated a little over an eye-diameter before, and a little
inferior to, front margin of orbit. Interorbital space broad and convex. Opercular
flap narrow. :
Gill-opening extending forward about opposite anterior margin of eye. Gill-
rakers 45, small, compressed, and ending in attenuated slender flexible points,
longest about a third of orbit. Filaments long, numerous, longest four and seven-
eighths in head. Gill-rakers on inner edge of first branchial arch well developed,
similar to outer series, only a little longer. Pseudobranchiwe about three-fifths
diameter of eye. Isthmus a little broad, membrane adnate, only forming a narrow
frenum across.
1 Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., 1902 (1903), p. 192.
542 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
Scales large, cycloid, and those on middle of side with exposed widths a little
less than half of exposed depths. Top of head, including interorbital space, opercle,
subopercle, interopercle, and cheek scaly, other portions of head bare. Scales on
opercle large. Three series of scales on cheek. Scales enlarged a little on chest.
Fins scaleless, except base of caudal which is covered with enlarged scales. Ventral
with an elongate scaly flap a little over two-fifths length of fin. Lateral line con-
current with back, sloping down below bases of last dorsal rays and extending
along middle of side of caudal peduncle to base of caudal. Tubes of lateral line
arborescent, many bifurcations on each scale.
Origin of spinous dorsal over that of pectoral, spines more or less equal, first a
little shorter than others, and with flexible adipose ends, margin of fin entire. Soft
dorsal inserted nearly opposite tip of pectoral or nearly midway between base of cau-
dal and posterior margin of eye, rays of about equal length, and margin of fin with
shallow notches or emarginations between rays. Anal inserted about opposite base
of second dorsal ray, spines graduated to third which is longest, and each ending in
a flexible and adipose tip, like those of dorsal. Soft anal with rays more or less
similar, like those of dorsal. Caudal deeply lunate, upper and lower lobes pro-
longed into slender points. Pectoral broad, first divided ray longest, insertion of
fin a little low in depth of body, and its posterior margin straight. Ventral inserted
a little posterior to origin of pectoral, reaching two-thirds of distance to anal, and
spine about half way. Anus close in front of origin of anal.
Color in arrack pale grayish-olive or dull olive-brown, lower surface paler or with
more of a pale brownish hue. Each scale on back and sides tinged with dull green-
ish-yellow. Cheek dull greenish-yellow, and same color of cheek extending across
chin. Upper lip largely greenish-yellow, and margin narrowly brownish. Several
short radiating bars from eye. Fins mostly pale brownish, margins of dorsals and
anals narrowly dull greenish-yellow. Caudal dull greenish-yellow. Pectoral with
more or less dusky-olivaceous, margin broadly pale. Ventrals colored like belly.
Peritoneum silvery, sprinkled with minute blackish specks or dots.
Length 254 inches.
Type No. 27,734, A. N.S. P. Padang.
(Pinguzs, plump; rostrum, snout. )
197. ScaRrUS CALUS sp. nov. Plate XXI, lower figure.
Head 3; depth 22; D. IX, 10; A. III, 9; P. u, 13; V. 1, 5; 23 scales in a
lateral series below lateral line to base of caudal; 2 scales between origin of spin-
ous dorsal and lateral line; 8 scales obliquely back from origin of anal; 24 scales
in lateral line, last one on base of caudal; width of head 1} in its length; depth
of head over anterior margin of eye 14; snout 24; eye 8; mouth 53; maxillary
4; interorbital space 22; caudal 1+, measured to tip of uppermost rays; least depth
of caudal peduncle 24; pectoral 13; ventral 2.
Body rather deep, compressed, greatest depth near middle of pectoral, and back
well arched in a convex profile. Caudal peduncle compressed, and its least depth
equal to its length.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 545
Head rather large, robust, compressed, and upper profile more convex than
lower. Snout large, convex, both on surface and in profile, mandible not projecting
in front. Eye small, circular, high, and its posterior margin nearly midway in
head. Cheek flattened. Mouth inferior, upper mandible anterior, and corner
reaching nearly opposite anterior nostril, maxillary concealed, though extending
beyond. Mandibles convex, smooth, mosaic-like, and with uneven edges. A pair
of posterior canines on each side of upper mandible. Lips broad, thin, not covering
mandibles. A broad buccal flap inside of each mandible. Tongue rather large,
convex, thick, and not free from floor of mouth. Nostrils small, near together,
anterior with a small cutaneous rim, and both well before upper front rim of orbit.
Interorbital space broad and convex. Opercular flap narrow.
Gill-opening extending forward about opposite posterior margin of eye. Gill-
rakers about 50, fine, slender, short, weak, compressed, pointed, and longest about one-
fifth of eye. Gill-filaments long, about one-fifth length of head. Pseudobranchix about
five-sixths of eye. Isthmus broad, membrane forming but a narrow fold across.
Scales large, cyeloid, and becoming enlarged on chest, those along middle of
side with their exposed surfaces much deeper than broad. Head mostly scaly, those
above extending well down on interorbital space. Opercle, subopercle and inter-
opercle scaly, scales on former enlarged. Three rows of scales on cheek. Fins
except base of caudal scaleless, and latter with three large terminal scales. An
elongated scale at base of ventral a little less than half length of fin. Lateral line
high at first, a little convex, not concurrent with dorsal profile, approaching near
base of soft dorsal posteriorly where it descends abruptly till along middle of side
of caudal peduncle, then extending out on base of caudal. Tubes with several
bifurcations or only a little arborescent.
Origin of spinous dorsal about over that of pectoral, spines flexible, first a little
shorter than last, otherwise more or less even in length. Margin of fin straight,
and each spine with a thick fleshy or adipose-like end. Soft dorsal inserted well
beyond tip of pectoral or nearer its origin than base of caudal, rays of more or less
equal length, last shortest, and posterior end of fin rounded. Anal spines flexible,
with fleshy or adipose-like ends, and graduated to third which is longest, origin of
fin close behind that of soft dorsal. Soft anal similar to soft dorsal. Caudal trun-
cate, with upper and lower rays produced into points, and posterior margin also
truncate when fin is expanded. Pectoral broad, upper rays longest, and posterior
margin straight. Also placed a little low in depth of body and not reaching oppo-
site anus. Ventral inserted well behind pectoral, reaching about two-thirds distance
to anal, first ray and spine with an adipose-like or fleshy extremity. Spine heavy
and about five-sixths length of fin. Anus close in front of anal fin.
Color in arrack dull purplish-dusky above and on sides, lower surface whitish.
Each scale on head above and sides, back and sides of trunk marked with short
bars, lines and blotches of purplish-black, which form a beautiful intricate reticu-
lating pattern of a more or less longitudinal nature. These lines and bars extend
out over greater basal portions of dorsals. Dorsals and caudal dusky purplish-
544 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
brown, like general paler ground-color of back. Anal whitish. Pectoral with its
upper half extending to tip of fin pale dusky-purplish, lower half of fin dilute
yellowish-olivaceous. Ventral whitish. Iris tinged with orange. Peritoneum pale,
shaded with dull purplish-black.
Length 16 inches.
Type No. 27,735, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. Closely related to Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker. According
to Bleeker’s figure! it differs in the presence of dark markings of trunk extending
well out on bases of dorsal fins and profile of head above evenly convex.
(Kadés, beautiful.)
198. ScARUS CANTORI (Bleeker).
199. Scarus Quoyi Valenciennes.
ILARCHIDZ.
200. ILARCHES oRBIS (Bloch).
201. HARPOCHIRUS LONGIMANUS (Schneider). Plate XXIII, upper figure.
EPHIPPIDA.
202. Epuippus ArGus (Linnzus).
PLATACIDA.
203. PLATAX ORBICULARIS (Forskal).
204. PLATAX VESPERTILIO (Bloch).
CHATODONTID-A.
205. CH#TODON VAGABUNDUS Linnzus.
206. CH#TODON TRIFASCIATUS Park.
207. HENIOCHUS MACROLEPIDOTUS (Linnzus).
HARPURIDA.
HARPURUS Forster.
Harpurus Forster, Enchir. Hist. Nat., 1788,? p. 84 (no type indicated ).®
Aspisurus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., [V, 1802, p. 555 (sohar = soha/).
Forster’s account does not include any species. It was supposed to be identical
with Acanthurus Forskal (monoceros) = Monoceros Schneider. Acanthurus Fors-
kal is rejected on the same basis as Abu-defduf, Szganus, etc.
208. HARPURUS GNOPHODES sp. nov. Plate XXII, upper figure.
Head 32; depth 24; D. IX, 20; A. III, 24; P. nm, 15; V.1, 5; scales 135?
in a median lateral series below lateral line to base of caudal; snout 14 in head ;
eye 42; maxillary 42; interorbital space 22; fifth dorsal spine 12; fifth dorsal ray
12; third anal spine 21; fifth anal ray 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 23;
median caudal rays 1}; ventral 11; width of head 2; pectoral 32 in trunk.
Body ovoid, well compressed, greatest depth about anus, profiles similar and
evenly curved. Caudal peduncle compressed, and about as long as deep.
Head short, and profiles evenly convex. Snout long, convex, and upper jaw
projecting but little in front. Eye round, high, anterior margin about midway in
' Atlas Ichth., I, 1862, pl. 13, fig. 3.
* The edition before me is the revised one published in London in 1797. It has the same paga-
nation as the reference quoted aboye, which I have not consulted.
* Sohal is here restricted to this name to form an absolute synonym with Aspisurus.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 545
head, one and three-quarters in interorbital space, and two and one-half in snout.
Mouth a little low, little produced, and rounded in profile. End of maxillary well
formed, slipping in obliquely vertical preorbital groove. Teeth uniserial, forming a
compressed cutting edge, and each one also with a finely crenulated margin. Tongue
thick, fleshy, and edges not free from mouth. Nostrils close together and also close
to front of eye, anterior larger, with a cutaneous rim ending in a small flap behind.
Interorbital space well elevated and convex. A deep groove running obliquely
down from front of eye.
Gill-opening lateral, extending forward below posterior nostril. Gill-rakers
4+ 10, short compressed rudiments. Filaments equal orbit, and pseudobranchix
about two-thirds of latter.
Scales minute ctenoid, a little larger on middle of side. A narrow basal scaly
strip to each vertical fin. Bases of caudal and ventral scaly. Base and basal
region of pectoral naked, though minute scales extend well out on membranes
between rays. A keeled spine on caudal peduncle but little less than least depth
of latter, and depressable in a deep groove. Lateral line rather indistinct at first,
nearly concurrent with, though approaching nearer dorsal profile posteriorly, and
continuing directly above groove of caudal peduncle till out on base of caudal.
Tubes small and simple. ,
Spinous dorsal inserted a little behind origin of pectoral, graduated to posterior
spines which are longest and more or less equal. Soft dorsal beginning nearly mid-
way between tip of snout and base of caudal, rays high and similar, and posterior
end of fin blunt. Spinous anal inserted before soft dorsal, spines graduated to third
which is longest, and rayed fin like soft dorsal, except that it ends in a sharper point
posteriorly. Caudal with median rays forming a straight posterior margin, and
upper and lower ones produced into moderately long sharp points. Pectoral reach-
ing well beyond origin of soft dorsal, and its lower margin straight. Ventral
inserted a little behind origin of pectoral, pointed, reaching origin of soft anal, and
spine reaching about five-eighths of distance. Anus close behind and nearer origin
of ventral than anal.
Color in arrack chocolate-brown, with many narrow blue lines longitudinally.
Fins all more or less blackish or dusky-brown, pectoral paler, with a tinge of dilute
olivaceous. Peritoneum silvery, with brownish dots.
Length 14 inches.
Type No. 27,750, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is distinguished by the median position of the
mouth, which is level with the caudal spine, and the color in combination with the
narrow bluish longitudinal lines.
(Lvdhsdns, obscure.)
209. CTENODON CTENODON (Valenciennes).
TEUTHIDIDA.
Subgenus TEUTHIS Linnzus.
210. TruTHIs ysAvus Linnzus.
69 JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA., VOL. XII.
546 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
211. TEUTHIS VERMICULATUS (Valenciennes).
212. TEUTHIS VIRGATUS (Valenciennes).
213. TEUTHIS CORALLINUS (Valenciennes).
SIGANITES subgen. nov.
Type Chetodon canaliculatus Park.
Cheek naked or only with a small area including a few scattered scales.
(From Szganus, an old name derived from the Arabic Szajan or Szgzan.)
214. TEUTHIS CANALICULATUS (Park).
TRIACANTHIDA.
TRIACANTHUS BREVIROSTRIS Schlegel.
TRIACANTHUS NIEUHOFII Bleeker.
BALISTID-E.
217. LeturuS STELLARIS (Schneider).
ZENODON Swainson.
Xenodon Riippell, Neu. Wirbel. Faun. Abyss. Fisch., 1835, p. 52 (2zger).
Zenodon Riippell, in Swainson, Lardner’s Cabinet Cyclopzedia, Nat. Hist., II, 1839, pp. 194, 325 (z7ger).
Erythrodon Riippell, Verz. Mus. Senck. Nat. Ges., 1852, p. 34 (niger).
I adopt the above name as it is a little different from Xenodon, a genus of
Ophidia, employed by Boie in 1827.
218. ZENODON CARULEOLORUM sp. nov. Plate XVIII, upper figure.
Head! 3,1,; depth 1,%; D. 11J—t, 32; A. u, 2s RP. a, Loe so) series of
scales between gill-opening and base of caudal, and 3 more on latter; about 24
scales in a transverse series between spinous dorsal and origin of anal; snout 1} m
head, from its own tip; eye 54; interorbital space 3; first dorsal spine 2; third
developed dorsal ray about Lys first developed anal ray about 14; pectoral 24;
least depth of caudal peduncle 3%.
Body deeply ovoid, well compressed, and greatest depth at pubic process.
Caudal peduncle rather thick, rounded, and its leneth a little more than its least
depth.
Head large, greatly compressed, upper profile obliquely horizontal and straight,
and lower profile well convex. Snout long, and with a convex surface. Eye
small, high, close to and a little less than equal to space between snout’s
upper margin. A deep groove extending obliquely down from front of eye.
Mouth small, superior, mandible convex in front and produced beyond jaws. Teeth
protruding, a single convex tooth on each side with a bevelled edge below. Mandi-
bular teeth incisor-like and with their two pointed edges adjoining. Lips rather
thin and tough. Nostrils minute, separated, and not far from front of eye over
orbital groove. Interorbital space convex.
Gill-opening a little oblique. Filaments a little less than eye. About four
small rounded ossifications above base of pectoral and close behind gill-opening.
Seales large, rather narrowly imbricated and more or less free on trunk, be-
coming smaller on anterior half of body and at bases of vertical fins, where they
1 Measured from tip of mandible.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 547
are all more or less inseparable. In space between mouth and gill-opening in ver-
tical series, and on lower surface of head and abdomen forming oblique series
parallel with lower profile lme. Along bases of dorsal and anal elongate, narrow,
and forming series somewhat similar to layers of bricks. Small scales on bases of
caudal and pectoral.
Spinous dorsal depressable in a groove, and inserted a little in front of pectoral.
First spine thick, finely roughened and more or less flattened in front, smooth and
flattened and somewhat compressed laterally, end rounded. Soft dorsal inserted a
little in front of anal, high in front where a pointed lobe is formed. Anal similar
only lobe not pronounced. Pectoral small, broad, and rounded. Pubic process
free, movable, and followed by about twelve short spines. Caudal moderate,
median rays a little convex, and upper and lower forming long slender points.
Anus surrounded by short spme-like processes, and placed just in front of anal fin.
Color in arrack black, with a dull bluish-slaty hue. Emargination of caudal
narrowly whitish with a submarginal narrow line of bluish. Margins of dorsal and
anal narrowly bluish. A broad black band from corner of mouth to lower edge of
gill-opening, and bordered above and below broadly with bluish-gray. Margin of
pectoral black. Teeth bright scarlet. Iris pale grayish-blue. Peritoneum white.
Length 154 inches.
Type No. 27,763, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Three examples. This species is related to Zenodon niger (Riippell). Bleeker
gives a figure which he identifies with xzger though it does not agree as Riip-
pell neither indicates the blue and black lines from the snout to the gill-opening
or mentions them in his description. My examples differ from Bleeker’s in the
black band from the corner of the mouth being well bordered with bluish on each
side.
(Ceruleus, blue; lorum, bridle.)
219. PACHYNATHUS CAPISTRATUM (Shaw).
220. BALISTAPUS UNDULATUS (Park).
TETRAODONTIDA.
1. LAGOCEPHALUS LUNARIS (Schneider).
222. LAGOCEPHALUS ALBO-PLUMBEUS (Richardson).
223. TETRAODON PALEMBANGENSIS Bleeker.
224, TETRAODON LEIURUS Bleeker.
OONIDUS Rafinesque.
Oonidus Rafinesque, Analyse de la Nature, 1815, p. 90 (commersoni).
Postfrontals and prefrontals deflected to describe a segment of a circle. Dorsal
and anal small, each of about ten rays.
Lacépéde’s account, also Duméril’s, are in the French vernacular. Ovum of
Schneider is preoccupied.
225. OONIDUS RETICULARIS (Schneider).
226. OONIDUS IMMACULATUs (Schneider).
548 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
SCORPAENIDE.
7. SEBASTOPSIS POLYLEPIS (Bleeker).
28. SCORPNOPSIS OXYCEPHALA (Bleeker).
9. PTEROIS LUNULATA Schlegel.
NOTOTHENIIDA.
230. PARAPERCIS ATROMACULATA sp. nov. Plate XVIII, lower figure.
Head 32; depth at origin of spinous dorsal about 7; D. V, 21; A. I, 16; P.1,
16; V. 1,5; scales about 60 in lateral line, last 5 on base of caudal; scales 5
obliquely back from origin of spinous dorsal to lateral line, and 147 between latter
and origin of anal; width of head 14 in its length; depth of head 24; mandible
2,1; snout 3,4; in head from its tip; eye 4; maxillary 24; interorbital space 13 ;
third dorsal spine 42; third dorsal ray 24; third anal ray 233 least depth of caudal
peduncle 52; caudal 12; pectoral 12; ventral 12.
Body elongate, subcylindrical at first, and becoming compressed above anal fin.
Head broad, and upper profile but slightly convex. Snout rather long and
broadly depressed, with a convex surface, though pointed in profile. Eye high,
directed upward, impinging on upper profile and a little elongate. Mouth large,
superior, and mandible projecting. Maxillary reaching anterior rim of orbit. Lips
thick. Teeth forming inner bands in jaws minute. An outer series of irregularly
enlarged slightly curved canines also in each jaw. A small patch of vomerine
teeth, none on palatines. Tongue elongate, rather slender, free in front, and its tip
slightly rounded. Nostrils small, separated, anterior in a short cutaneous tube,
and posterior a short round pore. Interorbital space narrow and flattened. Opercle
with two short strong spines, lower anterior.
-Gill-opening carried forward till about opposite posterior rim of eye? Rakers
6+ 12, short thick rudiments. Filaments about two-fifths of horizontal orbital
diameter. Pseudobranchiz a little smaller.
Scales mostly ctenoid, those in front of ventrals smooth. Scales on head
small, especially those on cheek. Interorbital space, snout, lips, interopercle, and
under surface of head naked. Small scales on basal portions of caudal and pec-
toral fins, and also extending out quite a distance on both upper and lower rays of
former. Lateral line rather high at first, then descending posteriorly and running
along middle of side of caudal peduncle and out on base of caudal. Tubes simple.
Dorsals continuous, spinous fin inserted well behind origin of pectoral, and
third spine highest. Soft dorsal inserted a trifle nearer origin of pectoral than that
‘of anal, fin of more or less even height, and margin more or less deeply incised
above between each ray. Anal similar, caudal slightly rounded, corners forming
angles. Pectoral reaching vent, and lower median rays longest. Ventral pointed,
reaching anus, and first ray distinctly longer than innermost. Anus near anal.
Color in arrack dull brown, darker above, witha pale broad lateral band of ten
oblong small blotches of pale brown extending from humeral region to base of
caudal a little superiorly. Dark brown separating pale oblong areas continued
1 My figure shows but nine on account of the flattened surface of anal region at this point.
A COLLECTION OF -FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 549
above and below so as to form vertical bars. Side of head with seven brown dark-
edged oblique bars extending backward below and behind eye. Snout more or less
marbled with brown. Soft dorsal with three series of blackish-brown spots, one
along base of fin, another median, and last submarginal. Anal with a single
median series of round dusky spots extending longitudinally. Caudal with median
rays whitish, marked with a number of round blackish spots, upper and lower
edges of fin dusky. Pectoral and ventral dilute brown. Iris pale brownish. Peri-
toneum silvery-white.
Length 6 inches,
Type No. 27,780, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species is somewhat related to Paraperces hexophialma
(Cuvier)', but is easily distinguished by its coloration.
(Ater, dark; macula, spot.)
SILLAGINID&.
231. SILLaGo siHaMA (Forskal).
MALACANTHID.
232, MALACANTHUS URICHTHYS sp. nov. Plate XVI, lower figure. b
Head 34; depth 6; D. 48; A. 38; P. 1, 15; V. 1, 5; scales 128 in lateral
line, last six on base of caudal; about 11 scales* between origin of dorsal and lateral
line, and about 25 between latter and origin of anal; width of head 22 in its length ;
depth of head, at posterior margin of eye, 2; snout 21; eye 64; mouth 4; maxil-
lary 31; mandible 22; interorbital space 34; least depth of caudal peduncle 575 ;
caudal 21; pectoral 12; ventral 34.
Body long, slender, compressed, and greatest depth at anterior pectoral region.
Caudal peduncle compressed, and about as long as deep.
Head long, rather broad above, its sides well compressed, and pointed in front.
Snout long, profile straight, its upper surface conyex and upper jaw well produced
in front. Eye circular, high, and a little posterior. Mouth terminally superior,
lower jaw projecting a little in front, and maxillary reaching about opposite
anterior nostril. Lips large, thick, Heshy, and plicate. Teeth fine, pointed, and
in bands in jaws. Nostrils well separated, anterior a small pore about an eye-
diameter directly in front of eye, and posterior similar, on lower edge of a small
pit midway between. Interorbital space broad, slightly elevated above eye, and
flattened. Opercle with short strong flattened spine.
Gill-opening extending forward a little in front of posterior edge of preopercle.
Rakers 1+ 5 rudiments. Filaments about two-thirds of orbit. Pseudobranchiz a
trifle over half of orbit. Membrane forming a broad thick fold over wide isthmus.
Scales small and mostly finely ctenoid. Cheek, postocular region, opercle,
especially above, occiput, back above and anteriorly, and chest, covered with
elongate cycloid scales. Scales on abdomen and upper pectoral region rounded and
1 Ehrenberg, in Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1829, p. 202.
2 Not evident in my figure on account of the broad flattened back at this poiat.
550 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
cycloid. Scales along middle of side rather narrowly imbricated. Except base
of caudal, which is covered with small scales, fins scaleless. A bare area at base
of pectoral. Lateral line high at first, then sloping down and extending along
middle of side of caudal peduncle and out on base of caudal. Tubes small and
simple. Pat
Dorsals continuous, spines small, much shorter than rays, and origin of fin
about over pectoral. Soft dorsal beginning about opposite first third of pectoral,
and fin of more or less uniform height, though becoming a little lower posteriorly.
Anal inserted a little nearer tip of mandible than base of caudal, and anterior rays
longest. Caudal unevenly emarginate, nearly straight when expanded. Pectoral
with expanded rays, upper longest and forming a point that reaches origin of anal.
Ventral inserted opposite origin of pectoral, and reaching about three-fifths of dis-
tance to anal.
Color in arrack olive-gray above, side and lower surface whitish. A broad
blackish band from pectoral out over caudal to its margin, and upper and lower
edges of latter dusky, otherwise whitish. Basal portion of dorsal somewhat dark
eray-brown like back, and its margin paler. Anal whitish with a slightly dusky
margin. Other fins whitish. Iris pale yellowish. Peritoneum white.
Length 14 inches.
Type No. 27,783, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. Griffith’s figure of Zabrus vittatus* is very crude, and may pos-
sibly be intended for this fish. The submarginal anterior dark line on the anal, if
ever present, has faded completely. The black lateral band is not of the same pat-
tern as it is shown in his figure, 1. e., narrowing posteriorly.
(Urichthys, an old name applied to Chezlzxus, a genus of Labroids which these
fishes somewhat resemble.)
CALLIONYMID&.
233. CALLIONYMUS SAGITTA Pallas.
PLATYCEPHALID.
234. PLATYCEPHALUS INDICUS (Linnzeus).
GRAMMOPLITES gen. nov.
Type Cottus scaber Linnzus.
Lateral line armed with spines.
(Cpappya, line ; éxAérys, armed.)
235. GRAMMOPLITES SCABER (Linnzus).
GOBIID.
ELEOTRIDIN&.
236. OPHIOCARA POROCEPHALA (Valenciennes).
237. ELEoTRIS FUSCA (Schneider).
238. Butis GyMNopomus (Bleeker).
1 Anim. King. Cuy., X, 1834, plate 45 (opposite p. 254, no description). No locality. (Not
Labrus vittatus Walbaum.)
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 551
GOBIINZ.
239. GOBIUS VENUSTULUS sp. nov. Plate XXI, lower figure.
Head 34; depth 54; D. VI—1, 10; A.1,9; P.17; V.5 (5); scales 25 to base
of caudal; scales 8 in a transverse series at origin of anal; depth of head about 12
in its length; width of head 14; snout 24; eye 4; width of mouth 24; maxillary
34; pectoral 1}; ventral 11; second dorsal spine 12; first dorsal ray 2; last dorsal
ray 13; first anal ray 24; last anal ray 12; caudal 1; least depth of caudal pedun-
cle 2}; interorbital space 24 in eye.
Body elongate, depressed in front, and sides compressed, more especially pos-
teriorly. Greatest depth about belly. Caudal peduncle elongate, compressed.
Head rather large, depressed, lower surface more or less flattened, and upper
surface convex or rounded. Upper profile steep and convex till above eye, after
which it is more or less straight. Snout blunt, rather short, broad, and convexly
rounded. Eye rather small, high, somewhat directed upward, and posterior margin
a trifle behind middle of head. Jaws rather large and powerful, upper margin
slightly protruding. Mouth rather small, broad, and maxillary reaching anterior
margin of orbit. Lips rather thin, fleshy. Teeth large, sharp pointed, in broad
bands and with an outer series somewhat enlarged. No vomerine or palatine teeth.
Upper buccal flap rather broad. Tongue broad, thick, truncated, and not free in
front. Nostrils small, anterior with a short elevated fleshy rim, and_ posterior
directly in front of eye. Nostrils also separated, anterior in a short tube. Inter-
orbital space narrow.
Gill-opening lateral, slightly oblique, and its length about two and two-fifths in
head.
Scales large, thin, finely ctenoid. Head with small and crowded scales on top,
otherwise naked.
Dorsal spines flexible, second longest, and all rather high. Fin inserted a
little behind first third in length of trunk. Second dorsal inserted over origin of
anal, rays more or less uniform in height but becoming more elongate posteriorly,
last longest. Anal similar. Caudal elongate, median rays longest, and fin rounded
when expanded. _ Pectoral long, broad, upper rays short and silky, and those just
below middle of fin longest. Ventrals united, with a rather broad frenum in front,
and when depressed reaching anus.
Color in arrack pale or dull olivaceous-brown above, lower surface whitish-
brown without olivaceous tinge. Several series of small brown spots longitudinally
on head and back. A brown streak below eye, and another behind lower margin
of preopercle. A short black line on margin of preopercle. Opercle with a brown
spot in middle. Several large deep brown spots in front of base of pectoral. Lower
side of body with two longitudinal series of large deep brown blotches. Pectoral
crossed by six or seven narrow pale blue cross-lines. Spinous dorsal with a whitish
margin below which is a blackish shade. Spinous dorsal also with four or five
blackish-brown inclined cross-lines. Soft dorsal with a number of slightly inclined
rather long brownish lines extending over several rays. Anal brownish, with sim-
552 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
ilar but less distinct lines. Caudal with transverse series of dark brown blotches.
Ventrals grayish-black.
Length 3,4, inches.
Type No. 27,799, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Two examples. This species is related to Godzus sumatranus Bleeker, but
differs in coloration.
(Venustulus, pretty.)
ECHENEIDID&.
240. REMORA NIEUHOFI! (Bleeker).
BLENNIIDZA.
241. SCARTICHTHYS BASILISCUS sp. nov. Plate XIX, upper figure.
Head 42; depth 42; D. XIV, 8; A. u, 21; P. 14; V.2; width of head 1d in
its length; depth of head 12; eye 441; width of mouth 12; maxillary 24; fourth.
dorsal spine 11; fifteenth dorsal ray 14; eighteenth anal ray 12; least depth of
caudal peduncle 2+; caudal 1; pectoral 1,5; ventral 12.
Body rather deep, elongate, compressed, and greatest depth, though belly is
emaciated, about origin of anal. =
Head a little oblong, widest below, upper surface somewhat constricted, of
more or less equal depth, and anterior profile steep. Snout broader than long and
with a convex surface, its profile steep. Eye high, deeper than long, and well
anterior. Mouth broad, jaws large, and maxillary reaching a little behind posterior
margin of eye. Teeth minute, forming a comb-like series in each jaw but without
a posterior canine. No teeth on vomer. Tongue large, thick, and not free. Nos-
trils circular, separate, with cutaneous rims, and anterior followed by a fleshy
arborescent tentacle. Interorbital space narrow and concave. Head surmounted
by a rather high median cutaneous flap or crest. A supraocular tentacle equal to
vertical diameter of eye. A tentacle opposite end of crest on top of head on each
side of occiput.
Gill-membrane forming a broad fold over a broad isthmus and falling well
behind eye. Rakers small, short, and in moderate number. Filaments and pseu-
dobranchiz small.
Spinous dorsal high, beginning before origin of pectoral, spines flexible at least
terminally, longest and more or less equal anteriorly and medianly, and rounded
margin of fin entire. Soft dorsal separated by a deep notch, joined posteriorly with
caudal by a membrane, rounded margin of fin hardly notched, and posterior rays
a little longest. Anal beginning a little before origin of soft dorsal. Preceding
rays two small flexible spine-like rudiments. Rays more or less equal, and margin
of fin deeply notched. Caudal elongate and rounded. Pectoral broad, rounded,
lower rays longest, and fin notched. Ventral inserted close behind anterior edge of
gill-opening, and composed of two thick rays, inner a little longer.
Color in arrack deep drab with a tinge of heliotrope or purplish. Side with
about eight pairs of broad transverse bands of a deeper shade than body color, alter-
nating broader pale bands also with darker but narrow transverse band. On bases
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 5)3
of dorsals they extend for a short distance, but below do not reach lower surface of
abdomen or base of anal. Head more or less variegated with dusky, and a dark
transversely oblique band bordered with paler on each side extending down behind
eye. Two dark bars from eye to maxillary. Fins dusky-blackish, bases paler.
Spinous dorsal with about four longitudinal grayish lines, upper darker and more
or less diffuse with dark color of that part of fin. Grayish lines extending longi-
tudinally though inclined posteriorly. Anal with four grayish lines, outer two
closer, and somewhat broken and interrupted in places. Indistinct traces of grayish
cross-bands on caudal. Margins of vertical fins show little or no evidence of reticu-
lations formed by grayish lines. Pectoral and ventral with more or less grayish
and brownish. Iris brownish. Peritoneum whitish.
Length 4? inches.
Type No. 27,802, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. This species appears to be related to Sa/arzas oortzz, but differs
in the coloration and fin radii.
(Baowdioxos, Baszlzscus.)
242. SCARTICHTHYS STIGMATOPTERUS sp. nov. Plate XIX, lower figure.
Head 44; depth 61; D. XIII, 22; A. un, 23; P. 13; V. 2; width of head 13
in its length ; depth of head 14; eye 4; width of mouth 21; maxillary 22; fourth
dorsal spine 2; fifteenth dorsal ray 14; eighteenth anal ray 14; least depth of
caudal peduncle 22; caudal 1,4,; pectoral 1,1,; ventral 17.
Body elongate, well compressed, and greatest depth probably through belly.
Head similar to preceding, except not so much constricted above, with broad
fringed cutaneous flap over eye, and no occipital tentacle.
Gill-opening and fins similar to preceding.
Color in arrack deep drab with a tinge of pale heliotrope or purplish. Side
with about seven pairs of broad transverse bands, darker than body color, space
between each pair somewhat narrower than either dark band and also with a narrow
dark median transverse line or band. These bands also extend diffusely out on
bases of dorsals, but not on lower surface of abdomen or to base of anal. Head
more or less plain-colored, a little darker above, and two dark bars from eye to
maxillary. Fins pale, marginal portion broadly dusky or blackish. Margins of
dorsals and most of upper half of caudal finely reticulated with narrow grayish
hues. On spinous dorsal these give place more or less to longitudinal broad pale
bands, and on soft dorsal to oblique grayish lines, inclined a little, and extending
to upper reticulations of fin. Oblique lines of dusky on anal between rays distally.
Pectoral and ventral pale.
Length 34 inches.
Type No. 27,803, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Two examples. They do not agree with any of the descriptions as they have
13 dorsal spines, though probably closer to Bleeker’s second account! of Salarzas
1 Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neerl. (Zes. Bijd. Visch. Sumatra), III, 1857, p. 39.
70 JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA., VOL. XII.
504 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
oortzt or that by Dr. Giinther.! Bleeker’s first account” is incomplete and may
refer to a different species.
(Sréypo, Spot; m7répopa, fin.)
243. EENTOMACRODUS LEOPARDUS sp. nov. Plate XXI, upper figure.
Head 42; depth 62; D. XII, 19; A. I, 20; P. 14; V. 2; width of head 13
in its length; depth of head 12; eye 54; width of mouth 22; pectoral 1; ventral
14; caudal 11; interorbital space 24 in eye.
Body long, and well compressed.
Head oblong, contricted above, broad below, and of more or less equal depth.
Upper profile nearly horizontal and without a fleshy flap or crest. Snout broad,
steep, inclining a trifle inward so that above, at interorbital space, it is a little
inclined beyond mouth. Eye far forward, high, circular, and nearly impinging on
upper profile. Space between lower margin of eye and corner of mouth less than
eye-diameter. Mouth low, inferior, end of maxillary reaching a little beyond pos-
terior margin of eye. Teeth fine, in a narrow comb-like series in each jaw. No
vomerine teeth. Mandible with a small posterior canine on each side. Lips rather
thin, smooth, and entire. Tongue adnate to floor of mouth. Nostrils well sepa-
rated and anterior with two small fleshy flaps. A small thin tentacle above eye.
Interorbital space narrow, slightly concave.
Gill-opening large, membrane broad, and free across broad isthmus. Rakers
short, weak, not numerous, much shorter than filaments. Pseudobranchiz well
developed.
Spinous dorsal a little lower than soft dorsal, and its base also a little shorter.
Spines of more or less uniform height, flexible, and well separated from soft fin by
a deep notch. Soft dorsal joined to caudal posteriorly by a membrane. Anal pre-
ceded by a small flexible spine, hardly distinguishable from rays, and margin of
fin distinctly incised between rays. Last anal ray not connected with caudal
peduncle by a membrane. Caudal elongate, margin slightly convex. Pectoral
broad, rays just below middle longest, and lower ones enlarged. Ventral inserted
nearly midway between posterior rim of eye and gill-opening.
Color in arrack uniform pale brown. Vertical fins and posterior side of body
marked with numerous small round dark or blackish-brown spots. Tips of anal
rays whitish. Along anterior side of body several indistinct H-shaped pale mark-
ings, giving place to dark dots posteriorly, though along middle of that region a
median series of short horizontal lines. A pale brown spot on opercle. Pectoral
brownish, darker on outer portion. Ventral pale brown.
Length 2,3, inches.
Type No. 27,805, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Two examples.
(Leopardus, leopard; from the dark spots.)
* Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., III, 1861, p. 257.
* Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., I, 1850, p. 257.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 555
244. ENTOMACRODUS CALURUS sp. nov. Plate XX, d' above, 2 below.
Head 5; depth 62; D. XII, 20; A. II, 20; P. 14; V. 2; width of head 14
in its length; depth of head 14; eye 31; width of mouth 21; pectoral 11; ventral
2; caudal 1; interorbital space 3 in eye.
Body elongate, compressed, oblong, greatest depth about middle of belly.
Head elongate, compressed, oblong, and of more or less equal depth. Upper
profile nearly horizontal, and surmounted by a thin rather high fleshy flap or crest.
Snout nearly vertical, broad, convex, and slightly produced beyond mouth. Eye
far forward, nearly impinging on upper anterior profile. Space between its lower
margin and corner of mouth a trifle less than vertical diameter. Mouth low,
inferior, broad, its corner reaching below posterior rim of orbit. Teeth in a narrow
comb-like band in each jaw. Mandible with a strong canine on each ramus. Lips
rather thin, but fleshy. Nostrils well separated, and lower with three or four short
fleshy filaments. A thin fleshy tentacle above eye equal to three-fourths its diam-
eter. Interorbital space narrow, slightly concave.
Gill-opening rather large, membrane broad, and free across rather broad isth-
mus. Rakers short, weak, not numerous, and much shorter than filaments.
Pseudobranchiz well developed.
Spinous dorsal shorter than soft dorsal, also lower, spines of more or less
uniform height, flexible, and well separated from soft fin by a deep notch. Soft
dorsal joined to caudal posteriorly by a membrane. Anal preceded by two small
flexible spines hardly distinguishable from rays, and margin of fin distinctly incised
between rays. Last anal ray free from caudal peduncle posteriorly. Caudal
elongate, rounded. Pectoral broad, rays just below middle longest. Ventral
inserted below posterior portion of crest on head.
Color in arrack uniform pale brown. Side with about eight pairs of indistinct
dusky vertical cross-bars, and on each several short pale blue dark-edged horizontal
bars formed in lateral series. Spinous dorsal gray, blackish on outer portion and
edge. Soft dorsal gray with about six dusky inclined lines extending across. Anal
gray, darker on outer portion and with a blackish edge adjoining a submarginal
narrow blue line or band. Caudal with lower portion of fin dusky, greater part of
fin gray above and crossed with about five narrow brown cross-bars, also finely
marbled. Pectoral and ventral pale brownish.
Length 5 inches.
Type 3 No. 27,807, A. N.S. P. Padang.
Also five others, ?, cotypes. The females have no crests and lack the sub-
marginal anal line.
(Kadds, beautiful; otpa, tail.)
PLEURONECTID&.
245. PSETTODES ERUMEI (Schneider).
246. PARALICHTHYS POLYSPILUS (Bleeker).
247, PARALICHTHYS TRIOCELLATUS (Schneider).
586 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
SOLEIDA.
248. CyNOGLOssuS Os sp. nov. Plate XXII, upper figure.
Head 31; depth 32; D. about 102; A. about 4—76; caudal 8; space between
tip of snout and upper ne 24 in head ; moun cleft 51; upper eye 54 in space to
tip of snout; interorbital space 54; scales in lateral line, from above branchial
aperture to base of caudal, about 86; about 40 scales in a transverse series at
deepest part of body; 12 scales between lateral line at same point.
Body elongate, greatly compressed, sinistral, and greatest depth would fall
about first two-fifths of length of fish. Tail long, tapering narrowly posteriorly.
Head large, profile evenly rounded above and below. Snout rather long, com-
pressed and rounded. Eyes small, close together, and upper nearly altogether in .
advance of lower. Posterior margin of lower eye a little nearer gill-opening than
anterior margin of upper eye is nearer to tip of snout. Mouth large, its cleft hori-
zontal. ‘Teeth rather fine, sharp pointed, and in bands only on dextral side of jaws.
Sinistral side of jaws with a labial fringe of small fleshy flaps. Tongue rather
thick, rounded and little free. Upper nostrils damaged. Lower nostril a small fleshy
tube below and anterior to lower eye, or hardly below middle of upper. Inter-
orbital space rather narrow and flattened.
Gill-opening small, membrane broad and forming a broad fold over narrow
compressed isthmus. Rakers none. Gills small, filaments small.
Scales small, ctenoid, and spread over entire body, except on fins. Lateral
system of mucous pores double along trunk, median series begins near tip of snout
and runs direct to caudal. Upper series confluent with this at its origin, and again
about midway between upper eye and gill-opening, extending along upper portion
of body close to and just below dorsal fin, then out on fifth ray from caudal. A
system of mucous pores runs down from intersecting series, between eyes and gill-
opening, and across side of head. Also another series of pores from front of eye
obliquely down to lower margin of snout. No pores on dextral side of fish.
Confluent with caudal are long dorsal and anal, former divided at first by
anus so that first four rays are separated from rest of fin. Caudal rather long
and pointed.
Color in arrack, sinistral side pale olive, finely mottled with darker. Dextral
side a livid whitish or brownish-white. Fins pale brown.
Length 5 inches.
Type No. 27,816, A. N.S. P. Padang.
One example. It is close to C. sumatranus Bleeker, and agrees with He same
author’s figure except that there is no oblique series of tubes before the eye.
Seventy scales are given for the lateral series while my example shows about
eighty-six scales in the lateral line.
(Os, mouth.)
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 557
FAUNAL WORKS.
Sumatra proper, as well as a number of the small adjacent islands, such as Banka, Biliton, and Nias, are
included. All of these references have been consulted.
PARK, MUNGO.
1797.
Descriptions of Eight new Fishes from Sumatra. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, III, pp. 33-39,
. and 1 plate.
RAFFLES, THOMAS STAMFORD.
1822.
Second Part of the Descriptive Catalogue of a Zodlogical Collection made in the Island of
Sumatra and its vicinity. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XIII, pp. 335-336.
BENNETT, E. T.
1830.
Catalogue of zodlogical specimens. Pisces, pp. 686-694. In the memoir of the life and pub-
lic services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, F. R. S., by his widow.
BLEEKER, PIETER VAN.
1851.
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856,
1857.
1858.
Visschen van Banka. Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. Batavia, I, 1850, pp. 159-161. (October 1850.)
Visschen van Billiton. L.c., pp. 478-479. (Feb. 26, 1851.)
Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Riouw. L.c., II., 1851, pp. 469-497.
(Oct. 1851 )
Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Blitong (Billiton), met beschrijving van
eenige nieuwe soorten van zoetwatervisschen. L.c., III, 1852, pp. 87-100. (Dec. 1851.)
Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Banka. L. c., pp. 443-460.
(June 1852 )
Diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra.
Tiental I-IV. L.c., pp. 569-608. (May 1852.)
Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Banka. L. c., pp.
715-738. (Oct. 1852.)
Over eenige nieuwe soorten van Homaloptera y. Hass. (Balitora Gray), van Java en
Sumatra. L.c., IV, (1), pp. 155-164. (Dec. 1852.)
Exocoetus hexazona, eene nieuwe soort van Banka. L. c., pp. 206-207. (Feb. 16, 1853.)
Diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra.
Tiental V-X. L.c., pp. 243-302. (Feb. 1853.) ;
Nalezingen op de ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Banka. L.c., V (II), pp. 175-194.
(June-Sep. 1853.)
Nieuwe tientallen diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten
van Sumatra. L. c., pp. 495-534. (Oct.—Dec. 1853 )
Overzigt der ichthyologische fauna van Sumatra, met beschrijving van eenige nieuwe soor-
ten. L.c., VII (IV), pp. 49-108. (Jan.-June 1854.)
Antennarius Lindgreeni, eene nieuwe soort van Banka. L.c., VIII (V), pp. 192-193. (1854.)
Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Batoe-eilanden. L. c., pp. 305-328.
(March 1855 )
Visschen van Tikoe, Sumatra’s Westkust. L.c., p. 345. (March 15, 1855.)
Tweede bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Batoe-eilanden. L.c., IX
(VI), pp. 65-72. (April 1855.)
Nalezingen op de vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen van Lahat en Sibogha. L. c., pp.
257-280. (June 1855 )
Tweede bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Bintang. L.c., X
(VII), pp. 345-356 (Nov.—Dec. 1855.)
Verslag van eenige verzamelingen van zee- en zoetwatervisschen van het eiland Banka.
L. c., XI (I), pp. 415-420. (June 1856. )
Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Nias. L.c., XII (IJ), 1856-
57, pp. 211-228. (June 1856 )
Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Batoe-eilanden. L. c., pp.
229-242. (June 1856.)
Berigt omtrent eenige vischsoorten van Toboali, eiland Banka. L.c., pp. 2738-275. (Aug.
24, 1856 )
Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen van Padang, Troessan,
Priaman, Sibogha en Palembang. Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neerl. Batavia, III, 1857-58,
pp. 1-50. (Oct. 1856.)
Over eenige vischsoorten nieuw voor de kennis der fauna van Biliton. Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind.
Batavia, XIII (III), pp. 283-287. (March 12, 1857.)
Zevende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen van Palembang.
Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neer]. Batavia, V, 1858-59, pp. 1-12. (Dec. 1857.)
Vierde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Biliton. Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. Batavia,
XV (I), pp. 219-240. (Dec. 1857.)
1Visschen van Tikoe en reptilién van Agam, verzameld door E. A. Ludeking. L.c., XVI
(II), 1858-59, pp. 26-28. (Oct. 1857.)
'Vischsoorten en reptilién van Riouw en Lingga, verzameld door E. Netscher, E. F. Meyer
en H. Raat. L.c., pp. 45-47. (Nov. 1857.)
1These titles are taken from “‘ Lijst der geschriften van Dr. P. Bleeker over Ichthyologie in chrono-
logische volgorde”’ in Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. Batavia, XL, 1881, pp. 49-89.
598 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
1 Vischsoorten uit de zoete wateren van Benkoelen, verzameld door J. A. W. van Ophuysen.
L. c., pp. 210-211. (April 1858.)
1Tindjan Kassik uit de rivier van Priaman, verzameld door G. T. James. L. c., pp. 211-
212. (April 1858.)
1Zeevisschen gevangen in de nabijheid van Benkoelen, verzameld door J. A. W. van Ophuy-
sen. L.c., p. 239. (June 1858 )
1 Vischsoorten gevangen bij Benkoelen en aangeboden door J. A. W. van Ophuysen. L.c.,
pp. 243-244. (June 1858.)
1 Vischsoorten van Muntok, verzameld door F. W. Dolge. L.c., pp. 251-252. (June 1858.)
1Tarsius spectrum en reptilién en visschen van Biliton, verzameld door A. Hendriks. L.c.,
pp. 261-262. (June 1858.)
1 Vischsoorten van Palembang en Djambi, verzameld door E. A. Lange en F. J. P. Storm
van ’s Gravesande. L c., pp. 263-266. (June 1858.)
1 Over eene nieuwe verzameling vischsoorten van Benkoelen van A. J. W. van Ophuysen.
L. c., pp. 273-275. (July 1858.)
1 Vischsoorten van Priaman, verzameld door H. Diepenhorst. L.c., pp. 336-338. (Sep. 1858.)
!Vischsoorten van Palembang, verzameld door R. V. Heyliger. L.c., pp. 338-341. (Sep.
1858. )
1 Vischsoorten uit de Moessi, Saleh, Padang en Kommering, verzameld door E. A. Lange
en G. A. van Delden. L. c, pp. 384-388. (Dec. 1858.)
1859. Negende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Banka. L.c., XVIII (IV), pp. 359-378.
(Feb. 1859.)
1 Vischsoorten en reptilién van Bintang en Siak, verzameld door E. F. Meijer. L.c., XX (VI),
pp. 86-88. (Feb. 1859.)
1Soorten van visschen van Priaman, verzameld door H. Diepenhorst. L. c, pp. 198-199.
(July 1859.)
feyaseen horrida Bl. Schn. en Opisthognathus Sonneratii Val.? van Biliton, verzameld door
den heer Kruymel. L.c., pp. 201-202. (July 1859.)
Visschen uit de omstreken van Tandjong, aan de Samangka-baai. L. c., pp. 219-220.
(Aug. 1859.)
1860. Achtste bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen van Benkoelen,
Priaman, Tandjong, Palembang en Djambi. Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neerl. Batavia, VIII,
pp. 1-88. (Feb.—Aug. 1859.)
Negende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen uit de Lematang-
enim en van Benkoelen. L.c., pp. 1-12. (Feb.—March 1860.)
Tiende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Banka. Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. Batavia,
XXI (1), pp. 135-142. (Nov. 1859.)
Vischsoorten van Benkoelen. L.c., XXII (II), pp. 65-66. (March 1860.)
Elfde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Banka. L. c., pp. 107-108. (May 1860.)
1863. Over eenige vischsoorten van het eiland Bangka, het rijks museum van natuurlijke historie te
Leiden aangeboden, door den heer J. F. R. S. Van den Bossche, Resident. Ned. Tijds.
Dierk , Amsterdam, I, pp. 72-73. (Feb. 28, 1862.)
1868. Sixiéme notice sur la faune ichthyologique de Vile de Bintang. Versl. Kon. Ak. Wet. Am-
sterdam, II (II), pp. 289-294. (Oct. 1867.)
MARTENS, EDUARD VON.
1876. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Zool. Theil., I, Berlin, Pisces, pp. 385-410.
[Scattered records of Sumatran fishes. ]
VINCIGUERRA, DOCIO.
1879. Appunti ittiologici sulle collezioni del Museo civico di Genova. J. Enumerazione di alcune
specie di pesci raccolti in Sumatra dal D.re O. Beccari nell’ anno 1878. Ann. Mus. Civ.
Stor. Nat. Genova, XIV, pp. 384-397.
HUBRECHT, A. A. W.
1887. Midden Sumatra. IV. Natuurlijke historie. I. Fauna. Tweede afdeeling. Kruipende dieren
en visschen. Pisces, pp. 9-14.
PERUGIA, ALBERTO.
1889. Elenco dei Pesci raccolti dal Dott. Elio Modigliani nelle Isole di Nias e di Sumatra. Ann.
Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, XX VII (VII), pp. 269-277.
1893. Di alcuni pesci raccolti in Sumatra dal Dott. Elio Modigliani. L.c., XXXIII (XIII), pp.
241-247.
Sopra alcuni pesci di Engano raccolti dal Dott. Elio Modigliani. L.c., pp. 251-255.
1896. Elenco dei pesci raccolti dal Dott. Elio Modigliani nelle isole Mentawei. L. c., XXXVI
(XVI), pp. 47-54.
BOULENGER, GEORGE A.
1890. List of the Reptiles, Batrachians, and Freshwater Fishes collected by Professor Moesch and
Mr. Iversen in the district of Deli, Sumatra. Proc. Zod]. Soc. London, pp. 31-40. Pisces,
pp. 38-40.
VOLZ, WALTER.
1903. Neue Fische aus Sumatra. Zool. Anz. Leipzig, XXVI(V), June 19, pp. 553-559.
Fische von Sumatra. Zool. Jahrb. Jena, XIX (IV), Nov. 24, pp. 347-415 (420), Pls. 25-26,
gs. 1-5.
The west coast of the lower part of the Malay Peninsula, and the islands in the Malacca Strait.
CANTOR, THEODORE.
1850. Catalogue of Malayan fishes. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, XVIII, 1849, pp. (i-xii) 983-1443, with
14 plates.
A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 559
BLEEKER, PIETER VAN.
1852. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Singapore. Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind.
Batavia, III, pp. 51-86. (Dec. 1851.)
1858. pica Bes tot de kennis der vischfauna van Singapore. L. c., XV (I), pp. 241-254.
an. 1858,
1859. 1! Vischsoorten van Singapore, verzameld door Fr. Graaf de Castelnau. L. c., XX (VI), pp.
216-217. (Aug. 1859.)
' Nieuwe vischsoorten van Singapore, verzameld door Fr. Graaf de Castelnau. L. c., pp.
236-239. (Aug. 1859.)
Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Singapoera. L. c., pp. 446-456. (Oct. 1859. )
1860. + Zoetwatervisschen van Singapoera, verzameld door Fr. Graaf de Castelnau. L. Cea
(1), p. 334. (Feb. 1860.)
* Vischsoorten, nieuw voor de kennis der fauna van Singapoera, verzameld door Fr. Graaf
de Castelnau. L.c., XXII (II), pp. 101-102. (May 1860.)
1861. Mededeeling omtrent vischsoorten, nieuw voor de kennis der fauna van Singapoera. Versl.
Kon, Ak. Wet. Amsterdam, XII, pp. 28-63. (Jan. 10, 1861.) .
Tets over de vischfauna van het eiland Pinang. L. c., pp. 64-80. (Jan. 19, 1861.)
1878. * Enumération des espéces de poissons actuellement connues de Singapore. {Not consulted,
or located. ] :
STEINDACHNER, FRANZ.
1870. _Ichthyologische Notizen (IX). Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXI, pp. 557-575, with 5 plates.
SAUVAGE, HENRI E,
1884. Note sur une collection de poissons recueillie 4 Pérak, presqu’ ile de Malacca. Bull. Soc.
Zool. Fr., Paris, IX, pp. 216-220, with woodcut.
Besides the above, the invaluable eight volumes of Dr. Giinther’s ‘““Catalogue of the fishes in the
British Museum” and the second edition started by Dr. Boulenger, together with the “Atlas Ichthyologique
des Indes orientales Neerlandaises” by Dr. P. v. Bleeker, and the ‘‘ Fishes of India,” by Dr. Day, will furnish
a clue to most all of the literature. The last work will also be found useful in referring to papers on the islands
north of Sumatra (pp. vii-viii, preface).
560 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES VII-XXVIII.
All of the figures were drawn from the types or examples in the collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. The specimens are from Padang unless otherwise stated. The line accompanying
each figure represents an inch.
PLATE VII.—Hippocampus tzniops Fowler. Type No. 27,409.
Parapegasus natans (Linnzeus). No. 27,468.
Trichiurus haumela (Forskal). No. 27,492.
PLATE VIII.—Mastacembelus unicolor Valenciennes. No. 27,456. Batu Sangkar.
Germo germon (Lacépéde). No. 25,129.
PLATE IX.—Tylosurus crocodilus Lesueur. No. 27,462.
Sphyrzena toxeuma Fowler. Type No. 27,470.
Ophicephalus spiritalis Fowler. Type No. 27,664.
PLATE X.—Holocenthrus aureoruber Fowler. Type No. 27,472.
Alepes scitula Fowler. Type No. 27,503.
PLATE XI.—Liza ceeruleomaculata (Lacépéde). No. 25,128.
Seriola cretata Fowler. Type No. 27,499.
PLATE XII.—Scomber kanagurta Riippell. No. 27,474.
Alepes glabra Fowler. Type No. 27,502.
PLATE XIII.—Caranx megalaspis (Bleeker). No. 27,504.
Caranx mate Valenciennes. No. 27,508.
BIAS: XIV.—Caranx sem Valenciennes. No. 27,514.
Citula atropos (Schneider). No. 27,520. Young.
_ Leiognathus spilotus Fowler. Type No. 27,529.
PLATE XV.—Carangoides gibber Fowler. Type No. 27,517.
Gazza tapeinosoma Bleeker. No. 27,534.
Leiognathus vermiculatus Fowler. Type No. 27,525.
Leiognathus virgatus Fowler. Type No. 27,526.
PLATE XVI.—Caranx semisomnus Fowler. Type No. 27,512.
Polydactylus pfeifferi (Bleeker). No. 27,635.
PLATE XVII.—Plectropoma pessuliferum Fowler. Type No. 27,546.
Bodianus indelebilis Fowler. Type No. 27,553.
PLATE XVIII.—Epinephelus heniochus Fowler. Type No 27,557.
Lutianus furvicaudatus Fowler. Type No. 27,596.
PLATE X[X.—Cesio erythrochilurus Fowler. Type No. 27,621.
Pomacentrus leucosphyrus Fowler. Type No. 27,673.
Premnas epigrammata Fowler. Type No. 27,665.
PLATE XX.—Halichceres annulatus Fowler. Type No. 27,713
Thalassoma melanochir Fowler. Type No. 27,724.
Hemipteronotus liogenys Fowler. Type No. 27,730.
PLATE XXI.—Scarus pinguirostratus Fowler. Type No. 27,704.
Scarus calus Fowler. Type No. 27,739.
PLATE XXII.—Harpurus gnophodes Fowler. Type No. 27,750.
Malacanthus urichthys Fowler. Type No. 27,783.
PLATE XXIII.—Harpochirus longimanus (Schneider). No. 27,741.
Thalassoma lunare (Linnzeus). No. 27,728.
PLATE XXIV.—Zenodon ceruleolorum Fowler. Type No. 27,763.
Parapercis atromaculata Fowler. Type No. 27,780.
PLATE XxXV.—Scartichthys basiliscus Fowler. Type No. 27,802.
Scartichthys stigmatopterus Fowler. Type No. 27,803.
PLATE XXVI.—Entomacrodus calurus Fowler. Type No. 27,807 jg’. Cotype No. 27,808 9.
PLATE XXVII.—Entomacrodus leopardus Fowler. Type No. 27,805.
Gobius venustulus Fowler. Type No. 27,799.
PLATE XXVIII.—Cynoglossus os Fowler. Type No. 27,816.
Chlarias olivaceus Fowler. Type No. 27,280.
JOURN. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILAD., 2ND. SER., VOL. All. PLATE VII.
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