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lOEMSU'Cl^Sf  ip[S^'£)S]MI5'© . 


Himtj  fui  R>':liani  H  Ci'lTmsftmcuv  (ifMftci;,- 


COLLINS-  HISTORICAL  SKETCHES  OF  KENTUCKY. 


HISTORY 


KENTUCKY: 


By  the  late  LEWIS  COLLmS, 

Judge  of  the  Mason  CounV^  Court. 


RICHARD  H.  COLLINS,  A.M.,  LL.B. 

EMBRACING 

PRE-HISTORIC,  ANNALS  FOR  331  YEARS,  OUTLINE,  AND  BY  COUNTIES,  STATISTICS, 
ANTIQUITIES  AND  NATURAL  CURIOSITIES,  GEOGRAPHICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL 
DESCRIPTIONS,  SKETCHES  OF  THE  COURT  OF  APPEALS,  THE  CHURCHES, 
FREEMASONRY,  ODD  FELLOWSHIP,  AND  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS, 
INCIDENTS  OF  PIONEER  LIFE,  AND  NEARLY  FIVE  HUNDRED 
BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  DISTINGUISHED  PIONEERS, 
SOLDIERS,   STATESMEN,  JURISTS,   LAWYERS,   SUR- 
GEONS, DIVINES,  MERCHANTS,  HISTORIANS, 
EDITORS,  ARTISTS,  ETC.,  ETC. 


VOL.  I. 

Dlustrated  by  84  Portraits,  a  Map  of  Kentucky,  and  70  other  Engravings. 

A.. 


COVINGTON,  KY.: 

PUBLISHED  BY  COLLINS  &  CO. 

1874. 


iqu^i 


ILLUSTRATIONS.  ^    ^- 


.  Kentucky  Historians Frontispiece. 

.  Portrait  of  Humphrey  Marshall    " 

.  Portrait  of  Mann  Butler " 

.  Portrait  of  John  A.  McClung         " 

.  Portrait  of  Lewis  Collins " 

.  Portrait  of  Richard  H.  Collins       " 

.  Seal  of  Kentucky Title  page 

.  Fae-Simile  Signatures 16 

.  Signature  of  Dr.  Thomas  Walker.  16 

.  Signature  of  Christopher  Gist 16 

.  Signature  of  Daniel  Boone 16 

,  Signature  of  George  Washington...   16 

,  Signature  of  Simon  Kenton 16 

,  Signature  of  Patrick  Henry 16 

.  Signature  of  George  Rogers  Clark.  16 

,  Signature  of  Alexander  D.Orr 16 

,  Kentucky  Lawyers 179 

Portrait  of  Jos.  Hamilton  DaTeiss..l79 

Portrait  of  Robert  Wickliffe 179 

,  Portrait  of  Ben.  Hardin 179 

Portrait  of  Gen. Humphrey  Marshalll79 
.  Portrait  of  Madison  C.  Johnson. ...179 
Kentucky  Editors  and  Publishers.200 

Portrait  of  John  Bradford 200 

Portrait  of  Thomas  T.  Skillman....200 

Portrait  of  Joel  Reid  Lyle 200 

Portrait  of  Amos  Kendall 200 

Portrait  of  George  D.  Prentice 200 

P.irtrait  of  Albert  G.  Hodges 200 

Portrait  of  Walter  N.  Haiaeman...200 

Chicago  Fire 219 

Kentucky  Physicians  and  Surgeons220 

Portrait  of  Ephraim  McDowell 220 

Portrait  of  Daniel  Drake 220 

Portrait  of  Benjamin  W.  Dudley. ..220 

Portrait  of  Joshua  T.  Bradford 220 

Portrait  of  Robert  Peter 220 

Kentucky  Pioneers 247 

Portrait  of  Daniel  Boone 247 

Portrait  of  Simon  Kenton 247 

Portrait  of  Gen.  Geo.  Rogers  Clark..247 

Portrait  of  Gov.  Isaac  Shelby 247 

Portrait  of  William  Stewart 247 

Cabin  of  a  Pioneer 329 

Kentucky  Statesmen .351 

Portrait  of  Henry  Cltiy 351 

Portrait  of  John  Rowan 351 

Portrait  of  John  J.  Crittenden 351 

Portrait  of  James  Guthrie 351 

Portrait  of  Richard  H.  Menefee 351 

Kentuckians  who  were  President 
or  Vice-President 357 


!.  Portrait  of  Zachary  Taylor  357 

;.  Portrait  of  Abraham  Lincoln 357 

:.  Portrait  of  Richard  M.  Johnson 357 

..  Portrait  of  John  C.  Breckipridge...357 

;.  Portrait  of  David  R.  Atchison 357 

'.  Portrait  of  Jefferson  Davis 357 

I.  Kentucky  Union  Officers 362 

I.  Portrait  of  Gen.  Robert  Ander3on..362 

I.  Portrait  of  Gen.  Wm.  Nelson 362 

.  Portrait  of  Gen.  Lovell  H.  Rousseau362 

;.  Portrait  of  Gen.  Jere.  T.  Boyle 362 

.  Portrait  of  Gen.  Thos.L.Crittenden362 
.  Portrait  of  Gen.  Thomas  J.  Wood..362 
.  Portrait  of  Gen.  John  W.  Finnell..362 

.  Kentucky  Confederate  officers 363 

.  Portrait  of  Gen.  Albert  Sidney 

Johnston 363 

;.  Portrait  of  Gen.  Lloyd  Tilghman...363 
.  Portrait  of  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan. .363 

.  Portrait  of  Gen.  John  B.  Hood 363 

.  Portrait  of  Gen.  Simon  B.  Buckner363 
.  Portrait  of  Gen.  William  Preston. ..363 
.  Portrait  of  Gen.  George  B.  Hodge. .363 

.  Kentucky  Clergymen 416 

.  Portrait  of  Bishop  Henry  B.  Bascom416 
.  Portrait  of  Bishop  Benj.  B.  Smith.416 
.  PortraitofArchbishopM.J.Spalding416 
.  Portrait  of  Elder  Barton  W.  Stone416 

.  Portrait  of  Rev.  Horace  Holley 416 

.  Portrait  of  Rev.  John  C.  Young. ..416 
.  Portrait  of  Rev.  John  L.  Waller.. .416 

.  Kentucky  Judges 493 

.  Portrait  of  Robert  Trimble 493 

.  Portrait  of  George  M.  Bibb 493 

.  Portrait  of  William  Owsley 493 

.  Portrait  of  George  Robertson 493 

.  Portrait  of  Aaron  K.  Woolley 493 

.  Portrait  of  Elijah  C.  Phister 493 

.  Portrait  of  Wm.  Henry  Wadsworth493 
.  Kentucky  Rail  Road  Presidents... .537 

.  Portrait  of  John  L.  Helm 537 

.  Portrait  of  Richard  Collins 537 

.  Portrait  of  Wm.  A.  Dudley 537 

.  Portrait  of  Edward  D.  Hobbi 537 

.  Portrait  of  H.  D.  Newcomb 537 

.  Portrait  of  Zachary  F.  Smith 537 

.  Portrait  of  James  Weir 537 

.  Kentucky  Artists 619 

.  Portrait  of  Matt.  H.  Jouett 619 

O.Portrait  of  Joseph  H.  Bush 619 

l.Portraitof  Joel  T.  Hart 619 

2.Portrait  of  Thomas  S.  Noble 619 


according  to  Act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1S74,  by 

RICHARD  H.  COLLINS, 
:  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress^at  Washington,  D.  C. 


^.\^^ 


To  HIS  Father, 

JUDGE  LEWIS  COLLINS, 

WHOSE  LABOES,    IN     1846-7,    AS  A  HISTOKIAN   OF  KKNTDCKY,   WEEE   MOST 
APPEECIATED  AETEB  HIS  DEATH,  IN  1870  ; 

TO  THE 
KEXTUCKY    ZEGISZAXUliE    of    1869-71, 

WHICH,  BY  COKTKACTING  FOR  COPIES  OF  IT  AS  A  FOUNDATION  FOB  PUBLIC  SCHOOL 

LIBRAEIES  THROUGHOUT  THE  STATE,  GENEEOUSLY  AND  CONFIDINQEY 

ENCOUEAQED  IIS  PUBLICATION  ; 

TO  THOSE  MEMBERS  OF  THE 
KENTUCKY   IEOISZAXVUKS    of   1871-73  and   1873-75, 

WHOSE  JUSTICE  AND  LIBERALITY  SUSTAINED  THE  ACTION  OF  THAT  OF  1869-71 ; 

AND  TO  THE 
Hon,  FJtAyCIS   FOUD,  of  Covi7}gton,  and  other  noble  Friends, 

WHOSE  GENEROUS  AND  HEAETY  APPEOVAL  AND  KIND  WOEDS  ENCOURAGED  HIM, 

AMID  UNWOETHY  OPPOSITION  AND  UNFORESEEN  OBSTACLES,  DURIN0 

THE  FOUR  YEARS  OF  ITS  PREPARATION  ; 

THIS  WORK 
IS    AFFECTIONATELY    INSCRIBED   BY 

THE  AUTHOR 


'  See  the  Preface,  in  Vol.  II,  pp.  4-10.  "^23 


REVOLUTIONARY  SOLDIERS  IN   KENTUCKY. 


Kextuckt  owed  most  of  her  remarkable  intellectual  development,  at  an 
early  day  in  her  history,  to  the  fact  that  at  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary 
war  in  1781  many  of  the  most  intellectual  and  cultivated  of  the  officers  and 
soldiei's  in  that  war  from  the  states  of  Virj^inia,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
and  Maryland — being  unsettled  in  their  homes  and  business  by  its  great 
duration,  privations,  and  calamities — sought  new  homes  in  the  then  richest 
land  in  the  known  world.  Thus,  the  times  and  the  country  itself,  the  very 
life  of  hardship,  self-denial,  and  self-dependence,  combined  to  make  a  race 
seldom  equalled  in  the  world  for  strength  of  intellect  and  will,  physical  and 
moral  courage,  personal  prowess  and  personal  endurance.  Never  did  a  popu- 
lation so  small  in  numbers  embrace  so  many  who  were  giants  in  intellect, 
giants  in  daring,  and  all  but  giants  in  physical  proportions. 

The  following  list  of  Revolutionary  soldiers,  many  of  them  officers,  who 
■were  still  living  in  Kentucky  in  1840 — nearly  sixty  years  after  that  soldier- 
life  had  closed — will  show  how  the  remarkable  healthfulness  of  the  climate 
and  the  simple  and  steady  habits  of  those  men  and  their  widows  conduced  to 
long  life.  And  what  is  still  more  remarkable  than  the  great  age  attained  by 
them,  is  that,  even  at  that  great  age,  over  two-thirds  (nearly  three-fourths) 
of  them  were  still  the  heads  of  families,  and  themselves  housekeepers — not 
content  to  live  with,  much  less  be  dependent  upon,  their  children  or  others; 
BO  strangely  and  strongly  and  sternly  was  the  spirit  of  personal  independence 
implanted  in  their  natures  by  their  very  mode  of  life. 

ijut  this  list — remarkable  as  it  is  for  showing  how  many  Revolutionary 
soldiers  emigrated  to  Kentucky  and  were  still  living  and  citizens  thereof  in 
1840 — eontains  the  names  of  probably  less  than  one-third  of  those  who  re- 
moved to  Kentucky.  Until  about  1830,  the  pension  laws  embraced  only  the 
permanently  wounded  and  invalid  soldiers.  Many  refused  a  pension  alto- 
gether, declaring  they  could  support  themselves,  and  would  not  seem  dependent 
ftnf  even  a  portion  of  their  bread  upon  a  country  whose  liberties  they  had 
fought  to  obtain,  and  were  willing  to  fight  again  to  preserve.  And  many 
died,  or  fell  victims  to  Indian  vengeance,  in  the  long  interval  from  1780  to 
1814,  and  from  1814  to  1840.  A  few  whose  names  are  in  the  list,  it  is  evi- 
dent from  their  age,  were  too  young  to  be  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  except 
as  drummers  or  wagon-boys;  while  a  few  others  were  probably  in  the  Indian 
wars  soon  after  the  Revolution.     The  figures  indicate  their  age,  in  1840. 


Adair  Count!/. 

James  McElroy      SO 

John  Cosby             99 

Michael  Moores     84 

Henry  Armstrong  85 

Stephen  Merritt     78 

John  Duff                80 

Holman  Rice           82 

Elisha  Bailey          75 

Daniel  Pitchford    79 

Thomas  Goodman  77 

John  Sims               79 

Thomas  Cochran    77 

George  Stovall        79 

Thomas  Green        77 

Richard  Thomas    81 

Alexander  Elliott  75 

Dorcas  Alexander  74 

Ambrose  Huffman  86 

Samuel  Ellis           79 

Nancy  Gatewood    74 

Absalom  Hughe3    86 

Boone  County. 

John  Hamilton       83 

Elizabeth  Wright  81 

Jonathan  Hunt      80 

Joseph  Barlow       80 

Zach.  Holliday       78 

R'dham  Lawrence  78 

William  Brady       81 

William  Hurtt        82 

Anderson  County. 

John  Renfro           80 

Jacob  Brenno         86 

James  Iivin            85 

Reuben  Boston       75 

Philemon  Sanders  78 

Peter  Brumback     87 

William  James       82 

George  Jordan        87 

Frederick  Smith     86 

John  H.  Craig        77 

John  Montgomery78 

Roadham  Petty      89 

John  Watson          77 

Daniel  Goff             SO 

William  Mosby       85 

James  Robertson  86 

Liddy  Harris          78 

Richard  Hubbell    74 

Solomon  Royce       76 

Benjamin  Warford89 

Margaret  Higdon  74 

Cave  Johnson         79 

William  Wornack  76 

Jane  Hawkins        77 

Sarah  Key               78 

A.  Ross                     77 

Thomas  White        77 

Ann  Hill                  75 

Hugh  Steers            81 

Philip  Winfrey       76 

Bath  County. 

John  Tomlinson     81 

Barren  Couniy. 

Moses  Botta            94 

George  Vest            80 

Allen  County. 

Callam  Bailey         92 

William  Boyd         74 

JerushaAlexanderSe 

John  Brooks           86 

Richard  Bailey       78 

Josiah  Collins         S3 

Elizabeth  Allen     63 

John  Durham         88 

William  Bell           89 

Gordon  Griffin         86 

Jane  Bridges          74 

ChristopherHainesSO 

William  Carson      80 

William  Kearns     84 

Michael  Hatter       81 

Philip  Carter,          74 

Andrew  Lipam       81 

Bourbon  County. 

George  T.  Hector  89 

John  Cole                88 

James  McElhany  80 

Archibald  Bell        84 

(5) 


REVOLUTIONARY  SOLDIERS. 


Afm.  B.  Branham  77 

Michael  Freeman  76 

Clinton  County. 

William  Davis        83 

John  Brest,  Sen.    81 

Solomon  Freer        76 

Nicodemus  Barnes  80 

Hugh  Drennon       80 

George  Bryan         82 

Major  Groom           75 

John  Davis             83 

Daniel  Terhune      81 

IsaiicClinkinbeardSl 

John  Hart              88 

John  Miller             78 

John  Frazier           78 

James  Davis           79 

Judith  Freeman     80 

Richard  Wade         88 

Joseph  Goddard     79 

John  Debruler        92 

James  Woody         79 

Alex.  Humphreys  86 

Nathaniel  Harris  81 

Calloway  County. 

Charles  Worsham  88 

Peter  Mauzy           80 

Andrew  Hawcs       94 

Joseph  Dunn           89 

Frances  Pierce        81 

Patrick  McCann     80 

Thomas  Hays         80 

Nathan  Frizell       82 

John  McKee           88 

Benjamin  Henniss  80 

Charles  Galloway  83 

Cumberla7id   County. 

John  Page               78 

John  Hinkson         69 

Nicholas  Henson    81 

Elijah  Bledsoe        68 

William  Proctor     82 

Joseph  Jackson      85 

KimbroughOgilvie7S 

Thomas  Brothers  62 

Burtis  Ringo           78 

EdwardMcConneII68 

Rolling  Stone         76 

Thomas  Cash,  Sen. 65 

Redman  Smith        80 

AVm.Seott,  Sen.     67 

Peter  Waterficld     80 

Abram  Esters           68 

ElizabethMadden  87 

Abner  Shropshire  76 

William  Wilkins     81 

John  Gibson            95 

Michael  Smith        88 

Martin  Grider         88 

Floyd  County. 

Joseph  L.  Stevens  76 

Campbell  Ccnmty. 

John  Hurtt              71 

Thos.  C.  Brown      80 

Henry  Towles         54 

Wm.  DeCourcey     85 

Joseph  Jewell         88 

Anthony  Hall         78 

Henry  Wiggington  84 

Joseph  Dickens      75 

George  King           90 

Mexico  Pitts           75 

Henry  Wilson         84 

Thos.  Harris,  Sen.  93 

Solomon    Prewet, 

John  Porter             74 

Phoebe  Prichard      78 

Nicholas  Long        85 

Sen.                       96 

CudbethStone,Sen.80 

Jacob  Mcfford         77 

John  Self                78 

Reuben  Thacker     65 

Bracken  County. 

Edward  Morin        96 

James  Sewel           85 

Benedict  Walkins  84 

James  Arbuckle     80 

Wm.  Orcutt,  Sen.  81 

Samuel  Smith         98 

Philip  Williams      87 

John  Hamilton       76 

Henry  Smith           90 

Patsey  Harris         85 

John  King               78 

Benjamin  Sutton    86 

Daviess  County. 

Rebecca  Henrel      90 

M'm.  King,  Sen.     80 

Samuel  Todd           83 

Benjamin  Field      84 

Amy  Justice            80 

William  Sargent    81 

Charles  Hansford  80 

Sally  Maore            80 

Barth'mcw  Taylor  80 

Carroll  County. 

James  Jones           79 

Elizabeth  Preston  85 

John  J.  Thomas     82 

James  Coghill         82 

Benjamin  Tayloe   84 

John  Been,  Sen.    84 

Franklin  County. 

Breathitt  County. 

David  Driskill        79 

Estill  Cminty. 

James  Biscoe           80 

Jesse  Bowling        82 

Amos  V.  Matthews79 

William  Harris       72 

John  Crutcher         78 

Drury  Bush             82 

Robert  Scott            77 

Wm.Johnson,Sen.8I 

Silas  Douthard        76 

Roger  Turner        83 

John  Short              78 

Andrew  Leckey      78 

Robert  Hedges        80 

Ambrose  Powell     79 

John  McDonald      75 

Breckinridge  County. 

Carter  County. 

Joseph  Proctor       86 

Virgil  Poe                83 

James  Bramlette    78 

William  Bates        77 

John  Stufflebean  101 

George  Swingle      83 

John  Goattey          88 

Mary  Eastes            81 

Charles  Tyler          78 

George  PuUen         81 

Casey  County. 

Martha  Elkina        74 

Frances  Brown       85 

George  Seaton         86 

James  Carson          70 

Susan  Horn             77 

Mrs.  Etherton         90 

James  Wells            77 

Jacob  CotFman        84 

BarbaraMeadowes91 

Mrs.PollyReading78 

Susanna  Sharp      71 

John  Royalty         70 

Barbara  Noland     80 

Wm.  Sutherland     95 

Elizabeth  Ward    107 

Gallatin  County. 

Bullitt  County. 

Elizabeth  Haifley  83 

Susan  Winkler        81 

John  Birks              67 

Lawrence  Bishop  79 

Phebe  Witt             82 

James  Furnish        74 

John  Buzan             84 

Christian  County. 

Charles  Goins           71 

Jacob  Hubbs           78 

John  Cain                77 

Fayette  County. 

Jere'hHavdon,Sen.78 

John  Humphrey     77 

Jonathan  Clark      81 

Thomas  Clark         85 

Abijah  North          80 

Joseph  Lloyd          79 

William  Gray         86 

Daniel  Cowgill       85 

WilliamThompson77 

Reuben  Northern  81 

Isaac  Palmer           93 

AbrahamFergu50n79 

Mary  Slaughter      89 

Larkin  Pilkenton  70 

James  Sullenger     77 

John  Fowler           85 

Isaac  Skinner         8.3 

Charles  Thomas     76 

Fielding  Jeter        81 

Gan-ard  County. 

John  Stringer         85 

Thomas  Woolsey    79 

Lyttleton  Jeter       86 

Robert  Brank         79 

John  Graves,  Sen.  83 

John  Buford            73 

Butler  County. 

Clark  County. 

Randall  Haley        84 

Goldsb'ryChilders  85 

William  Beasley    78 

Smallwood  Acton  82 

James  Lafon           78 

John  Crutchfield    87 

John  Clark           103 

John  Arnold           86 

James  McDowell  84 

Averriler  Edging- 

Matt.Kuykcndall  82 

Lincefield    Bur- 

Joseph  Mosby         84 

ton                         75 

Jesse  Scofield          83 

bridge                   80 

John  Peck               70 

John  Floyd             82 

John  Sorrell            81 

James  Bush             83 

CorneliusSullivan  84 

William  Haggard  84 

Mark  Whitaker      92 

Vaehel  Faudro       79 

Sarah  Bowman       84 

David  Kennedy      70 

Abner  Wornack     76 

Reuben  Franklin  86 

Francis  Epperson  90 

Timothy  Logan      84 

Thomas  Lowry       79 

Francis  Falconer  79 

Thos. Ramsey ,Sen.  85 

Caldwell  County. 

Richard  Oliver        97 

Elizabeth  Scruggs  74 

Jesse  Robards        80 

William  Asher        79 

Naaman  Roberts    75 

Thomas  Beck          75 

Clay  County. 
David  Burge.Sen.SO 

Fleming  County. 
Samuel  Blackburn  80 

Michael  Salter        82 

Wm.  Blackburn      82 

John  Slavin             83 

John  Blick               77 

William  Burns        87 

Moses  Clark            76 

John  Walden           78 

Reuben  Bowers      74 

John  Chandler       76 

Zacheus  Cord           64 

Thaddeus    War- 

William  Ford          77 

John  Garland       102 

Jesse  Davis             76 

moth,  Sen.          79 

REVOLUTIONARY  SOLDIERS. 


Arabia  Brown  8 

Sarah  Bryant  7 

Leauna  Pollard  7 

Jane  Poore  7 

Jane  Rasson  65 
Mary  Sutton 

ffrairf  County. 
Aaron  Adams 
Stephen  Barker      81 
Joshua  Jones 
John  Jump,  Sen. 
John  Lawless 
John  Linn 
Daniel  Seward 
James  Theobald 

Graves  County. 
John  Brimage 
Daniel  Fox 
Joshua  Gamblin 
Charles  Gilbert 
Joseph  Glover 
Willis  Odem 
John  Stafford 


Wu 


Tho 


on    80 


Grayson  County. 
John  Decer 
Edward  DeHaven 
Isaac  Goar 
Simon  Pryor 
John  Row 
Henry  Skaggs 
Isaac  Vanmetre      85 

Green  County. 
Andrew  Barnett     81 
James  Bibb  87 

Andrew  Chaudoin  78 
James  Cowherd  81 
JonathanCowherd  85 
John  Diokin  81 

Thomas  Gaines  81 
John  Greenwell  80 
Sherrod  Griffin       81 


ngri 


Joshua  Lee 
Moses  Mcars  80 

Thomas  Parsons  92 
Richard  Purcell  99 
James  Sherrill  81 
Thomas  Smith  77 
Peter  D'Espagne  75 
'William  Sturman  85 
John  Thurman  73 
Daniel  Tribble  80 
Mary  Wright  75 

Greenup  County. 
John  Chadwick  75 
Thomas  Dixon  75 
Thos.  Hackworth  77 
James  Lawson  80 
James  Norton  73 
James  Patton  89 
Godfrey  Smith        76 

Hart  County. 
John  Bomar  83 

Lawr'ce  Campbell  75 


BenjaminD.Corder77 
Josliua  Crump  75 
Jeremiah  Harber  47 
Daniel  Morris  74 
John  Patterson  77 
JosephTimberlake88 

Harlan  County. 
Benjamin  Cozad     80 
Jas.  Jackson,  Sen. 84 
Stephen  L.  Jones  99 

Henderson  County. 
Edward  Baldwin  78 
John  Ramsey  84 

Henry  County. 
William  Adams      92 
Thomas  Bell  81 

Elisha  Bishop  83 
John  Biakemore  78 
Barak  Bryant  99 
David  Criswell  77 
Joseph  Davis  77 

Peter  Force  96 

Benjamin  Haydon  82 
Samuel  Hisle  78 

Charles  Hugely  80 
William  Jeffreys  77 
Archib'dJohnston  94 
James  Johnston  77 
enry  Kephart  78 
Jacob  List  81 

Bs  Logan  76 

John  Martin  80 

Richard  Minyard  91 
GeorgeK. Mitchell  77 

iam  Morgan    78 

Thomas  Pettit  76 
Matthias  Shuck  84 
William  SimmoDS  97 
Joshua  Wallace  79 
Littleberry  Wells  79 
Thos.  Wooldridge  89 
Dorcas  Antle  77 

Rebecca  Goode  85 
Mary  Jourdan  75 
Sarah  Powell  83 

Hickman  County. 
John  Bane,  Sen.  84 
Murril  Cunning- 
ham 81 
John  Depayster  86 
Lewis  Huey  79 
Jesse  Meshew  79 
Henry  Pickett  96 
Thomas  Vincent  81 
Jacob  Williams      75 

HopJdns  County. 
James  Curtis  84 

Samuel  Downey  78 
William  Givens  78 
John  Herron  102 

JohnMontgomery  72 
"  rge  Timmonds  82 
Mauley  Winstead  80 

Hancock  County. 
dmund  Newtnan  78 


Hardin  County. 
Anthony  Ament 
Samuel  Aubrey       82 
Warren  Cash 
Michael  Hargan 
Thenas  Hoskins     82 
Patrick  Marvin      82 
Alex.  McDougle  101 
John  Scott 
Joseph  Smith,  Sen. 78 
John  Smoot 
Rich 'd  Winchester 
Susan  Hardin         79 
MargaretHaycraftSO 
RebeccaVanMeter63 

Harrison  County. 

Samuel  Caswell      77 
LeonardEddleman79 
Benoni  Jameson 
Wm.  H.  Layton      83 
Thomas  McCalla 
Jacob  Miller 
Philip  Roberts 
William  Sutton 
Lewis  Wolf,  Sen.  89 
John  Wood 
Mrs.  Mears  76 

Ann  Whitaker        7 

Jessamine  County. 
Benjamin  Adams  96 
Daniel  Bryan  82 

Robert  Campbell    79 
John  Carroll  85 

Abraham  Cassell    84 

James  Graves         79 
Jacob  Grindstaff 
Giles  Hawkins        86 

ah  Jenkins 
Jeremiah  King 


es  Martin         82 
John  Magee  79 

Henry  Overstreet  76 
James  Walker  81 
Alex.  Willooghby80 
Mary  Hicks  80 

Ann  Hunter  75 

Betsy  Knight         77 

Jefferson  County. 
Samuel  Conn  78 

Levin  Cooper,Sen.  87 
John  Murnhy  76 


Kenton  County. 
Joseph  Casey  78 

Stephen  Collins  85 
John  Ducker  81 

John  Keen  81 

Edmund  Massey  95 
Wm.Worthington  90 
Nancy  McGlassen  72 

Knox  County. 
Richard  Ballew      72 
EdwardBrowninglOO 


Jacob  Cooper  109 
Peter  Hammonds  73 
John  B.  Horton  81 
James  Miller  93 

Joshua  MuUins      82 


John  Nicks  84 

Ambrose  Pitman  92 
John  Simpson  67 
Solom'nStansberrj85 

Lawrence  County. 
Gilbert  Bloomer  87 
George  Hardwick  82 
Moses  Henny  83 
William  Lyons  88 
Josiah  Marcum  81 
James  Ward  80 

Silas  Wooton  84 

Lewis  County. 
Richard  Bane         88 
John  Dyal 


77 

Lincoln  Co  mty. 
John  S.  Alverson  85 
Samuel  Duncan  80 
Abraham  Jlastes  76 
Micajah  Frost  79 
Anthony  Gale  78 
Robert  Givens  83 
Joseph  Hall  79 

Miirk  McPherson  86 
Dunn  Salyers  81 
Abraham  Sublett  84 
Caldwell  Wood        83 

Livingston  County. 

ames  Clinton  80 
William  Fires  81 
Arthur  Travis  76 
William  Wells        80 

Logan  County. 

William  Addison  72 

George  Blakey  91 

John  P.  Gillum  79 

Alexander  Guffcy  77 

John  Ham  95 

Moses  Hendricks  75 


orge 


Lawrence  Howke  80 
Rodham  Kenner  77 
William  Patillo  80 
James  Stevenson  75 
John  Wited  76 

Judith  Williams     75 

Madison  County. 
Thomas  Becknell    77 
Robert  Burnside     80 
John  Cook  81 

James  Cooloy  80 

Robert  Covington  77 
John  Crook  74 

Jacob  Dooly  85 

ry  Duke 


Tho 


ibar 


REVOLUTIONARY  SOLDIERS. 


Giibriel  Duncan      80 
Richard  Gentry      77 
Nathan  Guttridge  76 
Richard  Harris       " 
John  Hunter,  Se: 
Joseph  Kennedy 
Wm.  Kindred 
Ishnm  Lane 
John  Land,  Sen 
Ralph  Magee,  Sen.86 
Thi.nias  Mason       74 
Thomas  Morris       80 
Jesse  Oglesby         76 
Richard  Oliver        87 
Telverton  Peyton  86 
Loftus  Pullen  80 

Anthony  Perkins  76 
John  Ross  78 

George  Tennal  89 
Joseph  Todd  81 

Samuel  Walkup  82 
Joseph  Watson  86 
Mary  Barnett         77 

Marion  County. 
Coonrod  Beama  82 
Jauies  Corbett  81 
JaniesWhiteCotton91 
William  HeDdrick95 
James  Ramsey  79 
Geo.Spalding.Sen.  84 
Perry  Tharp  83 

Mrs.  Hardin  80 

Margaret  Smock    79 

Ifasan  County. 
Leonard  Bean  80 
Daniel  Bell  76 
William  Bickley  83 
John  Campbell  65 
William  Devin  71 
William  Owens  77 
John  Rust  86 
John  Solomon  85 
Samuel  H.  Stitt  49 
John  Ward  78 
John  White  82 
Ahram  Williams  98 
Elizabeth  Cole  81 
Isabella  Pelham  74 
Mary  Ann  Shep- 
herd 75 

.3lcOmcketi  County. 
Benjamin  Jones  79 
Nancy  B.  Lovelace84 
Sarah  Moore  83 

Mercer  County. 
Philip  Board  80 

Claib'neBradshaw  83 
Charles  Brown  88 
Ehenezer  Carey, 

Matthew  Colter  81 

John  Comingore  90 

Timothy  Conn  84 

Henry  Deshazer  81 

Elias  Fisher  87 

Isaac  Fallis  77 
Geo.  Gabbard.Scn.  79 


James  Galloway  84 
Thomas  Graham  78 
John  Grant  85 

Samuel  Hackney    79 
Henry  Hamler 
Charles  Hart 
Edward  Hutchin 
Peter  Huff  85 

Robert  Jones  75 

William  Kelly  84 
Thomas  Kyle  83 

John  Potter,  Sen.  79 
James  Rains  82 

John  Rico  78 

Reuben  Smithy  85 
Christian  Snail  89 
John  Sneed  86 

Henry  Sparrow       79 
Leonard  Taylor     83 
Cornelius  0.  Vanars- 
dale  80 

Lewis  Webb  83 

Edward  Willis  78 
Sarah  Bohon  76 

Susanna  Jourdan  79 
Elizabeth  Moore  75 
Mary  Pipes  81 

Martha  Sandefer  83 
Jane  Shelton  82 

Rebecca  Verbryck  83 


Wilsi 


Monroe  County. 

omas  Bartley  77 
Thos.  Brown,  Sen. 84 
Hardin  Denham  78 
SolomonDickersonSO 
John  Giles  84 

Joseph  Gist  89 

Jacob  Goodman  80 
Matthew  Kidwell  80 
John  Morehead  90 
John  Rainer  85 

Fleming  Smith  96 
Elijah  Veach  89 

Pleasant  Haily       84 

Montgomery   County. 

James  Bourn  78 

William  Conner  74 

Beverly  Daniel  78 

James  Dunlap  99 

John  B.  Fisher  70 

Robert  Garrett  88 

William  Gray  85 
Benjamin  Grigsby  91 

Daniel  McCarty  78 

Samuel  McKee  76 

James  Ramsey  78 

Benj.  Robinson  84 

Edward  Steen  70 

John  Stephens  79 

Morgan  County. 

David  Ellington  78 

B.  Hamilton  76 

Johu  Kulby  87 

Isaac  Kuton  79 

Thomas  Lewis  85 

John  Prcwitt  85 

Levi  Stevenson  85 


John  Smothers 
Gilbert  Stevens 
Benjamin  Wages  106 
Rebecca  Day  74 

Mary  Hopkins  84 
Martha  Jones  80 

MuhJenhurg  County. 

John  Bone  79 

Joshua  Elkins  86 

Sihez  Garriz  77 

Andrew  Glenn  88 

William  Hopkins  73 

Benjamin  Neal  80 

Britain  Willis  80 

Nehon  County. 

John  Bell  91 

Barnabas  Carter  84 

John  Lawson  83 

Benjamin  Smith  79 

Wm.  Thompson  101 

Susan  McCown  74 

Nicholas  Comity. 
Edward  Adkins  85 
Coleman  A.  Collier61 
James  Fitzpatrick  88 
Wm.  H.  Layton  86 
Hugh  McClintock  82 
Esau  Ritchey  63 

Edward  Stoker  77 
Reuben  Walls  86 
Sarah  Barnett         76 

Ohio  County. 
Zebra  Arnold  83 

WilliamL.BarnardSl 
Chesley  Callaway  81 
William  Campbell  87 
WilliamCarter,Sen80 
JohnMaddox,Sen.78 
Peter  Parks  81 

Francis  Petty  87 

Diadama  Shutts     78 

Oldham  County. 
Edmund  Archer'  81 
John  Austin  102 

Benjamin  Coons  66 
James  Hoskins  83 
MerrettHumphrey80 


Samuel  Boone  83 
Robert  Burke  78 

Henry  Carter  91 
John  Grill  82 

Jacob  Hunter  83 
Edward  D.  Kenny78 
William  Ligon  78 
William  Lawrence77 
Thomas  Parsley  78 
JohnSanders,Sen.&9 
John  Searcy  78 

Lewis  Vallanding- 


Nancy  Ellis 
Reb'caMcCom 


Pendleton  County. 
William  ClevelandS3 
Isaac  Conner  85 

James  Cordy  87 

Peter  DeMoss  88 
John  Glinn  80 

James  Hammerty  70 
Gabriel  MuUins  87 
James  Pribble  79 
Adam  Taylor  78 

Robert  Taylor  82 
James  Tillon  94 

Phebe  Clarkson  66 
Jane  Hand  75 

Elizabeth  Wyatt     78 

Perry  County. 

James  Candill  90 

Archelaus  Croft  81 

Simon  Justice  87 

Edmund  Polly  84 

Pike  County. 

Joseph  Ford  88 

Moses  Stepp  86 

Christian  Trant  87 

Pidashi  County. 
Robert  Anderson  70 
George  Decker  80 
Barnabas  Murray  80 
Robert  Sayers  80 
John  Wilson  70 

Rockcastle  County. 
William  Abney  86 
Humphrey  Bates  70 
Elijah  Denny  77 

Moses  Farris  78 

George  Harloe  8'J 
Nicholas  Howke  100 
William  Lawrence  76 
Reuben  C.  Pew  81 
F.  Ramsey,  Sen.  76 
George  Sigmon  83 
Jacob  Stephens  84 
William  Sweeny     80 

Russell  County. 
Jordan  George        76 
Thomas  Graves       77 
Henry  Law  82 

William  Perryman81 
John  Polly  80 

Matt,  Robertson  78 
Isham  Sharp  85 

Scott  County. 
Samuel  Bamhill      82 
William  Bcatty      78 
Joseph  Burch  77 

John  Campbell  75 
James  Dooly  108 
Daniel  Gano,  Sen.  82 
John  Gatewood  77 
John  Hiles  80 

Herman  Hill  87 

John  Jacobs  78 


REVOLUTIONARY    SOLDIERS. 


Jeremiah  Miner 

95 

Simpson  County. 

John  Logan 

82 

Thomas  Laughlin  77 

Achilles  Stapp 

86 

Layton  Cooper        82 

Thomas  Mclntos 

i83 

Henry  Porch           75 

Mary  Chisham 

86 

James  Moore          84 

Thomas  Morgan 

79 

James   Rogers         86 

Henri'ta  Downing  95 

George  Pearce         85 

Joshua  Prewett 

77 

Darley  SmithheartSl 

KindnessGrcsham  97 

William  West         87 

Samuel  Vanhorn 

86 

Daniel  Trigg           86 

Abigail  Pattersol 

70 

Nancy  Kelly           85 

George  Wright 

76 

Anes  Witt                80 

Eleanor  Tarlton 

78 

Mary  Roper             75 

Kennard  Younge 

r85 

Wayne  County. 

Shelby  County 

Spencer  County. 

Union  County 

John  Adair              87 

Bland  VV.  Ballard  81 

John  Barr                85 

ArmistedAnderson83 

Peter  Catron            86 

Francis  Basket 

73 

John  Davis              82 

A.  Davenport 

81 

Reuben  Coffey         81 

Nicholas  Blauken 

M.  Reason               85 

Lewis  Richards 

77 

Caleb  Cooper           80 

baker 

82 

John  Ringo             80 

Frederick  Cooper    80 

Samuel  Burke 

81 

Warren  County. 

Patrick  Coyle          71 

Peter  Gamine 

88 

John  Strange          9J) 

Miles  Bellowes 

80 

Isaac  Crabtree        82 

Benjamin  Conyers  91 

Philip  Taylor         75 

John  BiUingsley 

87 

William  Doss          76 

Wm.  French,  Sen 

80 

Christopher  IlavenSS 

Mastin  Durham      85 

Kobert  F.  Gale 

72 

Todd  County. 

William  Hayes 

77 

Barthol'w  Haden  64 

Elisha  Gibson 

95 

Robert  Aycock        86 

Jesse  Kirby,  Sen 

83 

Abram  Hunt            SO 

George  Hawkins 

92 

John  M.  Boyd         77 

Leonard  Kirby 

79 

James  Jones,  Sen.  81 

James  Hickman 

81 

James  Flack             79 

Ralph  Young 

87 

John  Parmley         79 

Daniel  McCaliste 

George  Gibson        78 

James.Piercey         80 

Sen. 

'so 

Samuel  Gordon       81 

Washington  County. 

Stephen  Pratt         75 

Edward  Miller 

89 

Benjamin  Pannel  83 

Peter  Adams 

79 

George  Rogers        76 

Charles  Mitchell 

88 

Peter  Petree             77 

Samuel  Booker 

82 

Zachariah  Sanders  81 

Meshach  Pearson  86 

Jonathan  Smith     83 

Philip  Burns 

84 

James  Turner,Sen.77 

Joseph  Reeves 

73 

William  Turner     85 

John  Combs 

81 

Charles  Washam     80 

John  Reily 

79 

Anna  Boone            67 

Elijah  Farris 

80 

Seth  Stratton 

Jeanette  Mahon    70 

Amos  Graham 

85 

Woodford  County. 

Joseph  Thompson 

70 

Elizabeth  Quarles  75 

Martin  Hughes 

81 

Peter  Alexander     83 

Benj.  Washburn 

72 

John  Lambert 

81 

Stephen  Chilton      80 

Samuel  White 

64 

Trigg  County. 

Nathan  Lawson 

85 

John  Cox                 78 

Henry  Wiley 

95 

James  Barhani       78 

Jacob  Lea 

75 

Dennis  Dailey         79 

Robert  Woolfolk 

85 

Balaam  Ezell          84 

Joseph  Sweeny 

81 

John  Gregory          84 

Sarah  Christy 

79 

Miles  Hallowell      79 

Jonathan  White 

78 

James  Hamilton     77 

Nancy  Clark 

76 

JuoMayberry,Sen.76 

Andrew  Young 

82 

John  McQuiddy     80 

Eli.abeth  Collett 

71 

John  Mitchell         75 

Nancy  Davis 

81 

Trimble  County. 

Whitley  County 

George  W.  New     76 

Sarah  Ford 

75 

Isaac  Gray              66 

Thomas  Adkins 

82 

Jane  Ellis                77 

Delilah  Maddox 

72 

Thomas  Hardin      81 

John  Hood 

_80_ 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  foregoing  list  of  Revolutionary  soldiers, 
and  of  widows  of  deceased  soldiers,  includes  only  those  who  were  living  in 
Kentucky  as  late  as  July,  1840,  nearly  sixty  years  after  the  close  of  the  great 
strugi;le.  '  Besides  these,  several  thousand  more  of  those  soldiers,  with  their 
families,  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  and  died  before  18-10;  among  them,  many 
who  became  leading  men  in  the  State,  and  some  of  them  in  the  Nation.  Tlie 
following  are  a  few  of  the  names : 


Maj.  John  Allen, 

Col.  Richard  C.  Anderson, 

Maj.  Herman  Bowmar, 

John  Bradford, 
Hon.  John  Brown, 
Maj.  John  Brown, 
Gen.  Richard  Butler, 
Col.  Wm.  Christian, 
Gen.  George  Rogers  Clark, 

Richard  Collins, 

Henry  Crist, 
Maj.  John  Crittenden, 


Maj.  John  Finley, 
Col.  John  Floyd, 
Gov.  James  Garrard, 
Gov.  Christopher  Greenup, 
Col.  John  Hardin, 

John  Howard, 
Gen.  Samuel  Hopkins, 
Capt.  Wm.  Hubbell, 
Capt.  John  Jouett, 
Col.  Matthew  Jouett, 
Gov.  George  Madison, 
Col.  Thomas  Marshall, 


Col.  James  Morrison, 
Col.  George  Nicholas, 
M.aj.  Charles  Pelham, 
Maj.  Valentine  Peers, 
Edmund  Rogers, 
Col.  William  Russell, 
Gov.  Charles  Scott, 
Gov.  Isaac  Shelby, 
Col.  Richard  Taylor, 
Col.  John  Todd. 


SOLDIERS   OF   THE   COUxNTY  OF   KEXTUCKV. 


THE  COUXTY  OF  KENTUCKY. —XAMES  OF  ITS  SOLDIERS. 

From  original  papers  and  vouchers  of  Col.  John  Bowman,  the  first  military 
commander  and  military  governor  of  the  County — now  State — of  Kentucky,  we 
have  noted  or  transcribed  the  following  documents  and  lists.  These  papers 
are  now  (November,  1871)  in  the  possession  of  his  relative,  John  B.  Bowman, 
Esq.,  Resent  of  Kentucky  University  at  Lexington. 

Prominent  among  these  heir-looms  is  the  commission  of  John  Bowman  as 
"Colonel  of  the  Militia  in  the  County  of  Kentucky,"  with  the  bold  signature 
appended  of  the  great  orator  of  the  American  Revolution,  Patrick  Henry,  Jr., 
"Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Va."  The  paper  on  which  the  commis- 
sion is  written  is  coarse  in  texture  and  yellow  with  age,  and  is  addressed  to 
"John  Bowman,  Esquire."     After  reciting  his  appointment  it  thus  concludes: 

"  You  are  therefore,  carefully  and  diligently  to  discharge  the  duty  of  Colo- 
nel of  the  Militia,  by  doing  and  performing  all  Manner  of  Things  thereunto  be- 
longing ;  and  you  are  to  pay  a  ready  Obedience  to  all  Orders  and  Instructions 
which  from  Time  to  Time  you  may  receive  from  the  Convention,  Pri\'y  Coun- 
cil, or  any  of  your  Superiour  Officers,  agreeable  to  the  Rules  &  Regulations 
of  the  Convention,  or  General  Assembly  and  do  require  all  Officers  and  Sol- 
diers under  your  command  to  be  obedient  and  to  aid  you  in  the  Execution 
of  this  Commission  according  to  the  Intent  &  Purpose  thereof.  Given  under 
my  Hand  &  Seal, 

"Williamsburg  this  21st  day  of  December  1776. 

(Signed)  P.  HENRY,  Jr." 

There  is,  also,  the  original  of  another  commission  to  the  same  gallant  officer, 
dated  in  1778,  and  signed  by  "Th.  Jefferson,  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  Va.,"  appointing  Col.  John  Bowman  "County  Lieutenant  (or  Governor)  of 
the  County  of  Kentucky." 

Tlie  following  is  a  copy  of  an  original  letter  of  instructions  to  Col.  Bowman 
from  Governor  Thomas  Jefferson : 

WiLLIAMSBURGH,   NoV.   6,   1779. 

"I  am  to  ask  the  favor  of  you  to  give  notice  to  the  officer  recommended  by 
you  for  the  Western  Battalions  that  as  soon  as  one  half  of  his  quota  of  men 
is  raised  and  delivered  by  you,  he  shall  be  entitled  to  his  commission.  These 
men  are  to  make  part  of  a  battalion  which  will  be  commanded  by  Lieut.  Col. 
Knox,  &  which  is  to  be  stationed  in  Powell's  Valley.  As  this  station  is  so 
very  far  from  you,  your  officer  is  to  march  his  men  to  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio, 
and  there  do  duty  under  Major  Slaughter  this  winter;  but  he  is  not  actually 
to  march  till  he  shall  have  heard  of  Major  Slaughter's  arrival  at  the  Falls;  in 
the  mean  time  let  him  employ  them  in  the  best  manner  he  can  for  the  public 
service.  Money  for  their  subsistence  from  the  time  you  deliver  them  to  the 
officer  till  he  shall  have  carried  them  to  their  Rendezvous  will  be  lodged  with 
Maj.  Slaughter.  The  subsistence  account  previous  to  their  delivery  to  the 
officer,  you  will  settle  with  the  Auditor  here. 

I  am  sir,     Yr  very  h'ble  serv't, 

TH.  JEFFERSON. 

"  To  the  County  l^ieutenant  of  Kentucky." 

A  copy  of  Col.  John  Bowman's  account  against  the  Commonwealth  of  Vii> 
ginia,  shows  that  his  pay  was  £22  10  shillings  per  month,  and  $50  additional 
per  month  for  subsistence.  The  former  amount  was  in  rnqney,  the  latter  in 
Virginia  scrip. 

A  note  from  "Painted  Stone,"  dated  June  28,  1780,  to  Col.  Bowman,  from 
Squire  Boone  (brother  of  Daniel  Boone),  gives  his  list  of  men  [printed  else- 
where] with  this  preface:  "Sir: — "1  have  sent  you  a  list  of  our  strenth.  I 
know  not  if  it  would  be  necessary  to  Right  down  their  names,  nevertheless 
being  little  troble  1  have  done  it.  Our  strenth  is  23  men  to  wit:"  (Here 
follow  the  names).  Squire  Boone's  orthography  is  by  no  means  bad,  and  his 
aignature  closely  resembles  that  of  his  brother,  Daniel  Boone. 


SOLDIERS   OF   THE   COUNTY  OF   KENTUCKY.  11 

A  letter  from  Col.  John  Bowman,  dated  Kentucky  County,  May  26,  1780, 
recites  that  "  the  bearer,  John  McCullouijh,  is  sent  express  to  the  Governor 
(of  Va.)  upon  business  of  the  utmost  consequence  to  the  State.  Justices  of 
the  peace  in  the  several  counties  through  which  he  may  pass  are  requested  to 
aid  him  in  his  journey  with  fresh  horses,  information,  etc." 

Gen.  George  Rofiers  Clarke  certifies,  under  date  of  Feb.  15,  1782,  that  Maj. 
Joseph  Bowman,  of  the  Illinois  regiment,  died  in  the  service  of  the  State  of 
Virginia,  at  Fort  Pat.  Henry,  (Illinois,)  14th  Aug.  1779.  This  was  that  brave 
Maj.  Bowman  who — not  less  daring  than  his  great  leader,  Clarke — followed 
him  in  the  expedition  that  captured  Vincennes.  To  Maj.  Bowman,  however, 
was  assigned  the  capturing  of  Cahokia,  Illinois,  with  a  detachment — which 
duty  was  successfully  accomplished. 

Captain  E.  Worthington  and  Benj.  Roberts,  Lieut.  Jas.  Patton  and  Ensign 
Edw.  Bulger,  writing  from  Boonesboro,  in  April  or  May,  1780,  advise  Col.  John 

Bowman  as  follows:    "  Lieut.  Abraham  Chaplain  and  Hendricks  saith 

that  on  the  27th  or  28th  ultimo,  they  made  their  escape  from  the  Indians  of 
the  Windot  [Wyandot]  Nation  from  off  the  waters  of  St.  Dusky  [Sandusky] 
and  arrived  at  this  place  this  day;  that  about  3  to  4  days  preceding  the  said 
escape  they  had  undoubted  intelligence  that  a  large  number  of  different  tribes 
of  Indians,  in  conjunction  with  the  subjects  of  Great  Britain,  to  the  amount 
of  2000  in  the  whole,  600  of  which  are  Green  Coat  Rangers  from  Cannaday 
were  preparing  to  attack  this  place,  with  cannon,  and  after  subduing  the  same 
their  destination  was  for  the  Illinois.  Capt.  Mathew  Elliott  gave  intelligence 
the  Indians  were  gathering  horses  to  aid  the  expedition,  which  is  expected 
to  reach  this  place  in  4  weeks."  The  writers  add,  "The  above  information  we 
have  just  now  received  and  beg  you  to  use  the  greatest  expedition  to  embody 
the  militia  under  your  command  and  march  them  here  to  repell  the  Hostile 
Invaders.  This  is  the  Humble  prayers  of  the  Inhabitants  of  this  garrison  and 
of  every  other  Son  of  Liberty,  who  also  beg  you  would  send  express  to  Col. 
Crockett  to  push  on  his  troops  to  our  assistance." 

This  undoubtedly  relates  to  the  expedition  of  Col.  Bird,  who,  with  a  large 
number  of  Indians  and  British  tx-oops,  invaded  Kentucky  and  destroyed  Rud- 
dles' and  Martin's  Stations,  but  subsequently  beat  a  retreat. 

Capt.  John  Holder,  in  furnishing  the  list  of  his  company  to  Col.  Bowman,  at 
" Harrodstown,"  June  10,  1779,  thus  writes:  "Sir: — As  1  can  not  conveniently 
call  on  you  at  this  time,  I  have  sent  a  list  of  the  men  of  my  company  which 
ware  on  the  late  Expedition  against  the  Indian  towns;  and  beg  you  will  favor 
me  with  the  amount  of  the  sale  of  the  Plunder  by  the  Barer,  John  Martain,  to 
enable  me  to  settle  with  them." 


PIONEER  SOLDIERS,  1778  TO  1781. 
The  following  lists  comprise  a  large  portion  of  those  who  were  enrolled  aa 
pioneer  soldiers  of  Kentucky,  between  the  years  1778  and  1781.  Some  of 
the  names  on  the  original  rolls  were  very  inaccurately  spelled,  the  rolls  be- 
ing kept  by  illiterate  men,  who  too  often  spelled  by  the  sound  names  not 
always  correctly  pronounced. 

CAPTAIN  JOSEPH  BOWMAN'S  COMPANY,  JAN.  21,  1778. 
[At  Harrodsburg,  and  the  neighboring  Stations.] 
Jo3.  Bowman,  Capt.    Henry  Funk,  Abraham  Miller,         Joseph  Simpson, 

Isaac  Bowman,  iieiK.Philip  Harbin,  George  Miller,  Wm.  Slack, 

Abr.  Kellar,  2d     "     Henry  Honaker,  Wm.   Montgomery,     Jacob  Spears, 

Dan.  Dust,  Sergeant,  Elijah  Huston,  Barney  Morter,  Samuel  Stroud, 

James  Bentley,  Abr.  J.ames,  Edward  Murray,         H.  Vance, 

Wm.  Berry,  Isaac  Kellar,  Joseph  Pendergrast,  B.arnaby  Walteif, 

Ed.  Bulger,  George  King,  Michael  Pendergrast, James  Gonday,  \ 

Nathan  Cartmell,        George  Livingston,     Thos.  Pendergrast,     Samuel  Dust,      I 
Henry  Chvisman,         Philip  Long,  Thos.  Perry,  Wm.  Berry,         f 

Thomas  Clifton,  Isaac  McBride,  Henry  Prather,  Zeb.  Lee — IS.     J 

Jacob  Cogar,  Robert  McClanahan,  John  Setser,  These      four       are 

Peter  Cogar,  Chas.  McGlack,  Michael  Setser,  marked  as  deoertera. 

Patrick  Doran,  Alex.  Mclnt'yre, 


SOLDIERS  OF  THE  COU.VTT  OF  KENTUCKY. 


CAPTAIN  BENJ.VMIX  LOGAN'S  COMPANY. 


[In  Lincoln 

Benj.  Logan,  Capt., 
John  Logan,  Liiut. 
Alex.  Montgomery, 
Azariah  Davis, 

Benj.  Pelton, 
Wm.  Menifee, 
Roswell  Stevens, 
George  Clark, 

Serfjeants, 
Robt.  Barnet, 
Wm.  Barton, 
Samuel  Bell, 
Arthur  Blackburn, 
Alex.  Bohannon, 
John  Bohannon, 
Benj.  Briggs, 
Samuel  Briggs, 
James  Brown, 
John  Canterbury, 
Caspar  Casener, 
Wm.  Casey, 
John  Castlio, 
Pierce  Castlio, 
Philip  Conrad, 
Azariah  Davis, 


jty,  at  and  n( 
Samuel  Deagon, 
Ogcien  Devers, 

i  Benj.  Drake, 

■  Isaac  Drake, 
John  Drake, 
Jonathan  Drake, 
John  Ealor, 
Chas.  English, 
Stevens  English, 
John  Fain, 


John  Jones, 
John  Kennedy, 
James  Knox, 
Hugh  Leeper, 
James  Leeper, 
Wm.  Logan, 
Thos.  Loveledd, 
Joseph  Lusk, 
John  McCormick 
John  McElhon, 


I  1779.] 


Bartholomew  Fenton,James  McElwain, 
George  Flinn,  John  McKaine, 


Lee  Garrett, 
John  Gibson, 
Richard  Glover, 
John  Glover, 
John  Grimes, 
AVm.  Grimes, 
Jacob  Gunn, 
David  Hawkins, 
Jacob  Herman, 
Roger  Hines, 
Stephen  Huston, 
John  Johns, 
James  Johnson, 


Archibald  Mah( 
James  Menifee, 
Jarrett  Menifee, 
Joseph  Menifee 
John  Martin, 
Joseph  Martin, 


Samuel  Mayes, 
Andrew  Miller, 
Henry  Miller, 
Wm.  Miller 


probably  ; 

David  Mitchell, 
Wm.  Mitchell, 
Alex.  Montgomery, 
John  Montgomery, 
Wm.   Montgomery, 
Wm.  Neal, 
Wm.  Patton, 
Samuel  Phelps, 
AVm.  Phelps, 
Chas.  Phillips, 
John  Phillips, 
Nich.  Procter,  Sr., 
Nioh.  Proctor,  Jr., 
Chas.  Runsle, 
James  Russell, 
Julius  Sanders, 
Alex.  Sinclair, 
George  Scott, 
John  Story, 
John  Summers, 
Arch.  Thomson, 
Nicholas  Tramel, 
Philip  Tramel, 
George  White, 
Wm.  Whitley— 99. 


CAPTAIN 

[In  17S0,  at  the  Stations  near  the  Falls 
Wm.  Harrod,   Capt.,    John  Galloway, 


S  COMPANY. 
,  in  now  Jefferson  and  Shelby  counties.] 
Moses  Kuykendall,     John  Stapleton, 


James  Patton,  Lient 

.,Wm.  Galloway, 

John  Lewis, 

James  Stewart, 

Ed.  Bulger,  Emign, 

James  Garrison, 

John  Lincant, 

James  Stewart, 

Peter  Balance, 

Joseph  Goins, 

Samuel  Lyon, 

Daniel  Stull, 

Alex.  Barr, 

Isaac  Goodwin, 

Pat.  McGee, 

Miner  Sturgis, 

James  Brand, 

Samuel  Goodwin, 

Samuel  Major, 

Peter  Sturgis, 

John  Buckras, 

James  Guthrie, 

Amos  Mann, 

James  Sullivan, 

A.  Cameron, 

Daniel  Hall, 

Edward  Murdoch, 

Wm.  Swan, 

Amos  Carpenter, 

Wm.  Hall, 

John  Murdoch, 

Joseph  Swearingen, 

Sol.  Carpenter, 

John  Hatt, 

Richard  Morris, 

Samuel  Swearingen, 

Benj.  Carter, 

Evan  Henton, 

Wm.  Morris, 

Van  Swearingen, 

Thomas  Carter, 

Thomas  Henton 

Wm.  Oldham, 

Robt.  Thorn, 

Reuben  Case, 

Wm.  Hickman, 

John  Paul, 

John  Tomton, 

Thomas  Cochran,      . 

A.  Hill, 

George  Phelps, 

Bev.  Trent, 

John  Conway, 

Andrew  Hill, 

Joseph  Phelps, 

Thos.  Tribble, 

John  Corbley, 

Samuel  Hinck, 

Samuel  Pottinger, 

Robert  Tyler, 

John  Crable, 

Fred.  Honaker, 

F.  Potts, 

Abr.  Vanmetre, 

Robert  Dickey, 

Joseph  Hughes, 

Reuben  Preble, 

Michael  Valleto, 

Daniel  Driskill, 

Rowland  Hughes, 

Urb.  Ranner, 

Joseph  Warford, 

Isaac  Dye, 

Michael  Humble, 

Benj.  Rice, 

James  Welch, 

John  Eastwood, 

John  Hunt, 

Reed  Robbins, 

Abram  Whitaker, 

Samuel  Forrester, 

Abram  James, 

Thom.as  Settle, 

Aquilla  Whitaker, 

Joseph  Frakes, 

John  Kenney, 

Wm.  Smiley, 

Jacob  Wickersham, 

Samuel  Frazee, 

Val.  Kinder, 

Jacob  Speck, 

Ed.  Wilson-96. 

CAPTAIN  JOHN  BOYLK'S  COMP.ANY,  APBIL 
[At  Stations  on  and  near  Dick's  River,  in  now  Garrard,  Lincoln, 


id  Boyle  counties.] 


John  Boyle,  Capl.       Wm.  Crawford, 

Wm.  Hicks,  Sr., 

Nchemiah  Poore. 

Samuel  Davis,  Li>u(.,  James  Davis, 

Wm.  Hicks, 

John  Poynter, 

Elisha  Clary,  Eniign,  Robert  Desha, 

Nathan  McClure, 

James  Reeves, 

Barney  Bovle,           )  Dennis  Diven, 
Jonathan  Marshall,  J  Owen  Diven, 

Wm.  Marshall, 

Wm.  Rowan, 

Basil  Maxwell, 

John  Vardeman, 

Sergeant,.     JIugh  Galb.eath, 

Wm.  Menifee, 

Alex.  Walker, 

Jacob  Anderson,         Evaudon  Gordon, 

Wm.  Mitchell. 

Wm.  Whitley, 

James  Anderson,        Peter  Higgins, 

Robert  Moore, 

John  Wilkinson, 

Thomas  Arbuckle,       John  Hicks, 

Samuel  Moore, 

Wm.  Young— 36. 

James  Coyle, 

SOLDIERS  OF  THE  COUNTY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


John  Holder,  Capt. 
Uriel  Ark, 
Thos.  Bailey, 
Bland  Ballard, 
John  Baughman, 
G.  Michael  Bedingei 
James  Berry, 
James  Bryan, 
James  Bunten, 
John  Butler, 
John  Callaway, 
Elijah, Collins, 
Josiah  Collins, 
Wm.  Collins, 


CAPTAIN  JOHN  HOLIXER'S  COMPANY,  JUNE  10,  1779. 
and  near  Boonesborough.] 
Robert  Kirkham,         Hugh  Ross, 


Madison  county,  at 
John  Constant, 
David  Cook, 
Wm.  Coombs, 
Wm.  Cradlebaugh, 
John  Dumpord, 
James  Estill, 
Edmund  Fear, 

Stephen  Hancock, 
Wm.  Hancock, 
John  Hawiston, 
Wm.  Hays, 
Jesse  Hodges, 
Jeremiah  Horn, 


Samuel  Kirkham, 
John  Lee, 
Charles  Lookhart, 
John  McCollum, 
Wm.  McGee, 
Ralph  Morgan, 
Wm.  Morris, 
James  Perry, 
Juhn  Fleck, 
Samuel  Porter, 
Nicholas  Proctor, 
Reubeiv  Proctor, 
Pemberton  Rollins, 


Bartlett  Searcy, 
Reuben  Searcy, 
John  South,  Sr., 
John  South,  Jr., 
John  South,  younger, 
Thos.  South, 
Barney  Stagner, 
Jacob  Stearns, 
John  Stephenson, 
Benoni      Vallandig- 
John  Weber,     [ham, 
Daniel  Wilcoxsou, 
Moses  Wilson— 56. 


CAPTAIN  ISAAC  RUDDLE'S  COMPANY. 


[In  1779-80,  at  Ruddle's  and  Martin's  Stations, 


ow  Cynthiana.] 


Isaac  Ruddle,  Capt.  John  Burger,  Jr., 
John  Haggin,  Lieut.  Peter  Call, 
John  Mather,  Eitsign,  Leonard  Croft, 
Joseph  Isaacs,  ^.  M.   Wm.  Dehlinger, 
John    Waters,    Serg,I)a,vid  Ederman, 


Andrew  Baker, 
George  Baker, 
Andrew  Bartle, 
John  Bird, 
George  Bronker, 
Caspar  Brown, 
*  Reuben  Boughner, 
John  Burger,  Sr., 


Emory, 
Paul  Fisher, 
George  Hatfall, 
John  Hutton, 
Jacob  Leach,  Sr., 
Edward  Low, 
George  Loyl, 
Henry  Loyl, 


Peter  Loyl,  Stephen  Ruddell, 

Thomas  Maohen,  James  Ruddle, 

Wm.  Marshall,  Patrick  Ryan, 

Chas.  Munger,  Wm.  Sandidge, 

Wm.  Munger,  Sr.,  Wm.  Scott, 

Wm.  Munger,  Jr.,  John  Smith,  Sr.. 
Andrew  Pirtenbustle,John  Smith  Jr., 

Henry  Pirtenbustle,  James  Stuart, 
H.  Pirtenbustle,  J 
Len.  Pirtenbustle, 
Peter  Rough, 
George  Ruddell, 


Frederick  Tanner, 
Martin  Tuffelman, 
Moses  Waters, 
John  Cloyd,  drumm 
—50. 


CAPTAIN    SQUIKE    BOONE'S  COMPANY,   JUNE   23,  1780.— PARTIAL    LIST. 
[Stationed  at  the  "  Painted  Stone,"  near  now  Shelby ville.] 


Squire  Boone,  Capt.,  Joseph  Eastwood, 
Alex.  Bryant,  Jeremiah  Harris, 

John  Buckles,  John  Henton, 

Richard  Cates,  Abraham  Holt, 

Chas.  Doleman,  Morgan  Hughes, 

John  Eastwood,  Evan  Kenton, 


John  Stapleton, 
Robert  Tyler, 
Abraham  Vanmeter, 


Adam  Wickersham, 
Jacob  Wickersham, 
Peter  Wickersham, 
James  Wright, 
George  Yunt — 23. 


ANNALS  OF  KENTUCKY 


OR  IMPORTANT  EVENTS  IN  THE  HISTORY  OF  KENTUCKY,  15S9-1874. 


? 


1539,  May  25— Hernando  De  Soto,  who 
had  assisted  Pizarro  in  the  Spanish  con- 
quest of  Peru,  in  1532-5,  is  appointed 
Governor  of  Cuba;  he  undertakes  the  con- 
quest of  Florida,  and  with  950  men,  20 
ofBcers,  and  24  ecclesiastics,  lands  at  Es- 
piritu  Santo  (Tampa  Bay),  on  the  west 
coast  of  Florida.* 

1540,  Oct.  18— At  the  village  of  Ma- 
villa  (Mobile)  he  fights  one  of  the  most 
sanguinary  battles  ever  fought  between 
Europeans  and  the  North  American  In- 
dians ;  with  loss  of  80  men  and  42  horses. 
Indian  loss  reported  at  2,500  men. 

1541 — In  the  spring,  reaches  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  and  spends  nearly  a  month 
in  constructing  eight  large  barges  to 
transport  his  army  across  (somewhere  be- 
tween the  present  city  of  Memphis  and 
Helena) ;  thence  marches  N.  to  Pacaha  ; 
thence  S.  W.  and  N.  W.  till  ho  reaches 
the  highlands  of  the  White  river,  in  the 
eastern  portion  of  what  is  now  the  Indian 
territory,  and  not  far  from  Tale-quah,  its 
council  town,  and  Fayetteville,  Arkansas  ; 
thence  S.  E.  by  the  Hot  Springs  of  Ar- 
kansas, which  his  companions  at  first  sup- 
posed to  be  the  fabled  fountain  of  youth, 
wintering  at  Autiamque,  on  the  Washita 
river. 

1542,  June  5 — De  Soto  dies  on  the  banks 
of  the  Mississippi,  after  appointing  Luis 
de  Moscoso  his  successor ;  who,  wandering 
in  different  directions,  and  driven  by  the 
Indians,  finds  his  way  to  the  Missouri 
river,  near  the  Osage,  and  winters  at 
Minoya  or  Minowas.f 

1543— The  Spaniards,  reduced  to  350 
men,  embark  in  21  boats,  and  going  night 
and  day — pursued  for  ten  days,  and  losing 
more  men — reach  the  mouth  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. In  descending  this  river  they  dis- 
cover Illinois  and  Kentuckv-t 

1584,  July— Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  under 
an  English  patent,  sends  out  two  ships  in 
charge  of  Philip  Amidas  and  Arthur  Bar- 
low, who  discover  and  land  on  the  shore 
of  North  Carolina,  which  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, on  their  return,  calls  Virginia — dis- 
covered, as  it  was,  under  the  reign  of  a 
virgin  queen. {     Three  unsuccessful  colo- 


•Wilmer's  De  Soto.  Irving's  Conauest  of 
FloridK,  vol.  i,  i;.  35.  Monette's  Valley  of  the 
Mississippi,  vol.  i,  p.  13. 

t  Rafini-Biiue's  Annals  of  Kentucky,  pp.  23-31; 
although  giving  a  list  of  164  authorities  cori- 
Bulted,  Eaflnesque  does  not  specify  hia  particular 
authority  for  ihis  statement.  He  had  access  to 
many  French  and  Spanish  works,  some  very 
rare.  One  other  authority  thinks  De  Soto's  BUC- 
cesHor,  Moscoso,  was  so  high  up  the  Mississippi 
as  Kentucky,  opposite  Ne^v  Madrid,  Mo. 

I  Wheeler's  North  Carolina,  p.  24. 
(U) 


nies  were  sent  out  up  to  1589.  Kentucky 
was  included  in  the  charter  of  the  colony, 

1607— Permanent  settlement  of  the  Eng- 
lish, under  Capt.  John  Smith,  in  Virginia— 
the  colony  including  Kentucky  in  its 
charter. 

1654— Col.  Wood,  an  Englishman,  ex- 
plores Kentucky  as  far  as  the  Meschaoebe 

branches  of  that  and  of  the  Ohio ;  object, 
to   open  channels    of  trade  with  the  In- 

1669 — A  party  of  23  Spaniards  come  up 
the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  rivers,  pass 
Pittsburgh,  and  on  to  Olean  Point,  where 
they  leave  their  canoes  and  travel  by  land 
to  Onondaga  Lake,  New  York,  in  search 
of  silver;  being  told  of  a  lake  "whose 
bottom  was  covered  with  a  substance  shin- 
ing and  white,"  and  which  they  supposed 
would  prove  to  be  silver.  Their  disap- 
pointment causes  trouble  between  them 
and  some  French  there ;  and  the  Indians 
set  fire  to  the  houses  they  occupied,  and 
tomahawked  all  who  escaped  from  the 
flames.f 

1670— Capt.  Bolt  [or  Batt  (  ?  )]  visits 
Kentucky  from  Virginia.}: 

1673 — Jacques  (or  James)  Marquette,  a 
RecoIIet  monk  and  Jesuit,  on  a  missionary 
tour  among  the  Indians  from  Green  Bay, 
westward,  with  Louis  Joliet  and  five 
other  Frenchmen,  in  two  canoes,  are  the 
lirst  Europeans  or  whites  known  to  have 
discovered  the  Upper  Mississippi,  or  to 
have  seen  its  waters  anywhere  for  130 
years  previously.  They  pass  over  the 
portage  between  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin 
rivers,  and  down  the  latter  to  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  which  they  first  see,  June  17, 
1673,  and  "enter  with  a  joy  I  can  not  ex- 
press," says  Marquette. 

July — About  the  5th,  they  reach  and 
spend  several  days  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Ohio,  then  called  Ouabouskigou.  [The 
hostility  of  the  Iroquois  Indians  kept  the 
French  from  any  knowledge  of  the  Ohio 
river  for  many  years  after  this  ;  and,  con- 
sequently, the  lower  Ohio,  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Wabash  down,  was  supposed  to  be, 
and  was  called  the  Oubache  or  AVabash.||] 
They  find  40  towns  of  the  Shawnees  on 
the  Ohio  .and  its  lower  branches.  Indians 
here  assured  Marquette  that  it  was  not 
more  than  ten  days'  journey  to  the  sea,  and 


•Long's  Expedition,  vol.  i,  p.23«.  Butler's 
Kentucky,  2d  ed.,  p.  499.  Dr.  Daniel  C'oxe'a 
Description  of  Carolana,  etc.,  (London,  1722.) 
Albach's  Western  Annals,  p.  94. 

tCraig's  Olden  Time,  1847,  vol.ii.p.  431. 

;  Raflbesque,  p.  29.    I  Reynolds'  Illinois,  p.  13. 


1751. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


that  they  bought  stuffs  and  other  articles 
from  white  people  on  the  eastern  side. 

July  17 — On  this  day  they  begin  their 
return  trip  from  the  lowest  point  reached, 
the  village  of  Akamsea,  about  the  mouth 
of  the  Arkansas  river.  They  pass  up  the 
Mississippi  to  the  Illinois  river,  and 
through  that  to  Illinois  Lake,  (Michigan, 
or  Lacus  Algonquinorum,)  at  the  site  of 
the  present  city  of  Chicago ;  thence  to 
Mackinaw. 

1680 — Louis  Hennepin,  a  Franciscan 
friar  and  Jesuit  monk,  with  five  men,  go 
over  the  same  route  to  the  Arkansas  river, 
and  back  to  Fort  Creve  Coeur,  about  eight 
miles  above  Peoria,  Illinois.  The  Ten- 
nessee is  called  Cherokee  river. 

1681 — Marquette's  narrative  and  map  of 
the  Mississippi  river,  published  at  Paris, 
France,  in  Thevenot's  Recueil  de    Voynyea. 

1682,  Feb.— The  Chevaliei^  Robert  de  la 
Salle  and  Henri  de  Tonti,  the  latter  lieu- 
tenant of  the  former,  accompanied  by 
Father  Zenobe,  a  Recollet  missionary, 
Jean  Michel,  surgeon,  Francois  de  Bois- 
rondet,  Jean  Bourdon,  Sieur  d'Autray, 
Jacques  Cauehois,  Pierre  You,  Gilles  Meu- 
cret,  Jean  Mas,  Jean  Dulignon,  Nicholas 
de  la  Salle,  La  Metaire,  notary,  and  nine 
other  Frenchmen,  pass  from  the  Illinois 
river  down  the  Mississippi  (or  Colbert) 
river  to  its  mouth,  claiming  possession  of 
the  whole  country  on  both  sides  for  the 
French  king,  Louis  the  Great,  after  whom 
he  names  it  Louisiana.*-  At  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio  they  delay  a  few  days,  and  make 
Bome  arrangements  for  trade  and  inter- 
course with  the  Indians. 

1684— By  a  treaty  held  with  the  "  Five 
Nations,"  or  Iroquois,  at  Albany,  Now 
York,  by  Lord  Howard,  Governor  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  Col.  Dungan,  Governor  of  New 
York,  they  place  themselves  under  the 
protection  of  the  British  nation,  and 
make  a  deed  of  sale  to  the  British  gov- 
ernment of  a  vast  tract  of  country  (which 
(  included  Kentucky)  south  and  east  of  the 
j  Illinois  river,  and  extending  across  Lake 
y  Huron  into  Canada. 

-  1730— About  this  date,  John  Sailing,  of 
Williamsburg,  Va.,  is  exploring  upon 
the  Roanoke,  or  James  river,  and  taken 
prisoner  by  Cherokees,  who  take  him  to 
their  towns  on  the  Tennessee  river.  After- 
ward, "  while  on  a  hunting  party  to  the 

Bait  licks  of  K_entucky,"    he   is    captured 

BJ~IlITnoTsTndians  and  taken  to  Kaskas- 
kia,  ransomed,  and  reaches  home,  via 
Canada,  after  six  years  absence.f 

1739— M.  Longueil  descends  the  Ohio, 
from  Canada,  and  discovers  Big  Bone  Lick, 
in  Kentucky.  Many  Canadians  follow 
that  route. 

1739 — A  detachment  of  French  troops  is 
Bent  from  Canada  to  Louisiana,  down  the 
Ohio  river,  on  account  of  the  war  with  the 
Chickasaws.J 


•  Sparks'  Ln  Salle,  pp.  139,  3 
t  Withers'    Border   Warfare 


,200. 


1742— John    Howard,   an    Englishi 
crosses  the  mountains  from  Virginia, 


and 


1744— By  a  treaty  at  Lancaster,  Penn- 
sylvania, between  the  governor  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Col.  Thomas  Lee  and  Col.  Wm. 
Beverley  as  commissioners  from  Virginia, 
and  two  commissioners  from  Maryland, 
and  the  "  Si.x  Nations,"  the  British  cl.iim 
to  purchase  some  of  the  Western  lands — 
a  territory  of  undefined  extent  being  ceded. 
The  Indians  subsequently  declare  that 
they  had  been  deceived  at  Lancaster,  and 
did  not  intend  to  cede  any  lands  west 
of  the  mountains. 

1745 — The  Shawnees  of  Kentucky  had 
retreated  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio,  Miami, 
and  Muskingum  to  avoid  their  southern 
enemies — being  now  at  peace  with  the 
Menguys,  and  allied  with  them  against 
the  'Cherokees,  Catawbas,  Muscologees, 
Chickasaws,  etc.  Kentucky  rem.ains  the 
hunting  ground  of  the  northern  and  south- 
ern nations,  where  they  meet  at  war  ;  hence 
the  appellation.  Dark  and  Bloody  Ground. 

1746 — Great  scarcity  of  provisions  at 
New  Orleans.  French  settlements  at  the 
Illinois  send  thither  800,000  pounds  of 
flour. 

1747— Dr.  Thomas  Walker,  of  Albe- 
marle county,  Virginia,  crosses  the  Al- 
legheny and  Wasioto  (which  he  calls 
Cumberland)  mountains.  He  discovers 
Cumberland  Gap,  the  Shawanee  (which  he 
calls  Cumberland)  river,  the  Kentucky 
(which  he  calls  Louisa)  river,  the  Big 
Sandy  river,  etc.f  Another  account  says 
this  was  as  late  as  1750,  and  another  as 
late  as  1758.  [See  Vol.  II,  p.  416.] 

1750,  Sept.  U- Cristopher  Gist  receives 
instructions  from  the  Ohio  Company  to 
"  go  out  to  the  westward  of  the  great 
mountains,  in  order  to  search  out  and  dis- 
cover the  lands  upon  the  river  Ohio  down 
as  low  as  the  great  Falls  thereof;  and  to 
take  an  exact  account  of  all  the  large 
bodies  of  good  level  land,  that  the  Com- 
pany may  the  better  judge  where  it  will  be 
the  most  convenient  to  take  their  grant  of 
500,000  acres.J 

1751,  Tuesday,  Jan.  29— Christopher 
Gist  reaches  "  the  Shawane  Town,  [now 
Portsmouth,  Ohio,]  situated  on  both  sides 
of  the  Ohio  river,  just  below  the  mouth  of 
Scioto  creek  ;  containing  about  300  Indian 
men  [beside  English  traders],  about  40 
houses  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  and 
about  100  on  the  north  side." 

Wednesday,  Jan.  30— Col.  George  Cro- 
ghan  (British  Indian  Agent),  and  Andrew 
Montour,  part  of  Gist's  company,  make 
speeches  in  an  Indian  council,  in  Shawane 
Town.  Robert  Kallendar  was  also  present, 
another  of  Gist's  company. 


•  De  Hass'  Weetern  Virginia, 

Erouniisoii  which  the  English 

Valley,  was  pri(.rity  of  ( 

they    sustained    by    this 

which  De  Hass  calls  a  "vague  trad 
t  Rafinesqiie,  p.  3i.  Butler's  Ker 
:  Pownall's  North  America  iu  IT; 

pp.  7-lu. 


ine  of  the 

the  Ohio 

priority  of  discovery  ;   and  which 

'     '-^    "-'"    age   of    Howard— 


16 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Wednesday,  March  13 — Gist  meets  two 
men  belonging  to  Robert  Smith,  from 
whom  he  obtained  a  jaw  tooth,  over  4 
lbs.  weight,  which,  with  other  teeth,  and 
several  rib  bones,  11  feet  long,  and  a  skull 
bone  6  feet  across  the  forehead,  and  several 
teeth  which  he  called  horns,  over  5  feet 
lono-,  and  as  much  as  a  man  could  carry, 
"  were  found  in  the  year  1744,  in  a  salt 
[Big  Bone]  lick,  or  spring,  upon  a  small 
creek,  which  runs  into  the  south  aide  of 
the  Ohio,  about  15  miles  below  the  mouth 
of  the  great  Mineami  river,  and  about  20 
miles  above  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio." 

March  18— Reaches  the  •'  lower  salt  lick 
creek,  which  Robert  Smith  and  the  In- 
dians tell  me  is  about  15  miles  above  the 
Falls  of  the  Ohio,"  and  returns  along  the 
valley  of  the  Cutawa  [Kentucky]  river, 
etc.,  to  the  Kanawha  river. 

1752 — Lewis  Evans'  first  map  issued. 

1754_James  McBride,  with  others,  in 

a  canoe,  passes  down  the  Ohio  to  mouth  of 

Kv.  river,  and  cuts  his  initials  on  a  tree.* 

'1756— Mrs.  Mary  Inglis   the  first  white 

woman  in  Ky.     [See  Vol.  II,  p.  53.] 

1758_Second  visit  of  Dr.  Thomas  Walk- 
er into  Ky.,  as  far  as  Dick's  river. 

1764-The  Shawnee  Indians  remove  from 
Ohio  to  Pennsylvania,  and  from  Green 
river  to  the  Wabash. 

June  23— The  second  map,  which  in- 
cludes the  Kentucky  country,  issued  by 
Lewis  Evans,  Philadelphia,  "  engraved  by 
James  Turner,  in  Philadelphia,"  and  dedi- 
cated to  the  •'  Honorable  Thomas  Pow- 
nall."  The  Miami  river  in  Ohio  is  called 
the  "  Mineami,"  the  Scioto  river,  "  Siola," 
and  Niagara  Falls  the  "  Oxniagara."  The 
country  south  of  the  Ohio  river,  as  well  as 
that  north  of  it,  is  called  "  Ohio." 

Pittsburg  laid  out  into  regular  streets 
and  lots. 

1765,  May  25-28— Col.  George  Croghan, 
above  mentioned,  on  a  tour  down  the 
Ohio,  is  at  Shawane  Town,  (Portsmouth, 
Ohio). 

May  30—"  Arrives  at  the  place  where 
the  Elephant's  bones  are  found,  (Big  Bone 
lick,)  and  encamps." 

May  31— Passes  the  mouth  of  Kentucky 
river,  and,  June   2,  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

June  6— Arrives  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Wabash,  and  goes  thence  to  Port  Vincent 
(Vincennes). 

1766,  Juno  18— Capt.  Harry  Gordon, 
Chief  Engineer  in  the  Western  Depart- 
ment in  North  America,  is  sent  from  Fort 
Pitt  down  the  Ohio  river  to  Illinois. 

June    29— Reaches    the   mouth    of    the 

July  16— Encamps  "opposite  to  the 
Great  Lick  [in  Lewis  county,  Ky.]  ;  it  is 
five  miles  distant  south  of  the  river.  The 
extent  of  the  muddy  part  of  the  lick  is 
%ths  of  an  acre." 

July  22— At  the  Falls  of  Ohio. 

Au2ust  6— Halts  at  Fort  Massiac,  form- 


erly a  French  post,  120  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Wabash,  and  11  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Cherokee  river. 

August    7 .\rrives    at   the  fork  of  the 

Ohio,"ln  latitude  36°  43'.  His  table  of  dis- 
tances of  points  in  Kentucky,  from  Fort 
Pitt  (Pittsburg),  is  as  follows— compared 
with  the  distances  as  made  by  the  U.  S. 
Survey  in  1867  and  1868 :  * 

Gordon's 


Bis  San.ly  creek  (river),  .    .    m 
ci.)to  river,        ... 

500!<i 

i 

•he'^pjji^^wheV^^^ 

'      .«nM 

'j,?^ 

mt>i 

Ml 

The  F.Uls,  1  Louisville),  lat.  38° 

5W 

WImmv  t'lif  l.'.w  cuuntVy  bugini. 

ixii 

wisr  ■""""'• 

902'4 

TT-I 

KW.-i 

S3S 

Sig  i^oVk"  nJ  caVe  on  the  west 

'      1,0I2H 

m 

Shawan'a  (Cumberlaiid)  river. 

•      1,I/J4H 

OierokeetTennessee)  river,    .' 

:  i.'"'-^ 

9X1 

*7 

the  Ohio  river,  "  I.IM  *7 
1766— Capt.  James  Smith,  Joshua  Hor- 
ton,  Uriah  Stone,  Wm.  Baker,  and  a  mu- 
latto slave  of  Horton's,  named  Jamie,  18 
years  old,  explore  the  country  south  of 
Kentucky,  and  the  Cumberland  and  Ten- 
nessee rivers,  from  Stone's  river,  (which 
they  so  named  after  their  companion, 
Stone),  above  Nashville,  down  to  the  Ohio. 
1767— John  Findlay  and  others  travel 
over  Ky.,and  trade  with  Indians;  but  are 
compelled  to leave.t 

James   Harrod 
down  the  Ohio,  and  up  the  Cumberland,  to 
Stone  river.     [See  Vol.  II,  p.  417.] 

1770  to  1772— Between  these  two  years, 
George  Washington  (afterwards  General 
and  President)  surveys  2,084  acres  of  land 
for  John  Fry,  embracing  the  present  town 
of  Louisa,  in  Lawrence  county,  Ky.,  and 
upon  the  beginning  corner  cuts  thciniti.al3 
of  his  name  ;  also,  makes  another  survey 
for  John  Fry,  on  Little  Sandy 
miles  from  its  i 
of  Greenup.  % 


ad   Michael  Stone 


in  the 


ent county 


.■r^' 


Molin  Filson's  Ke 


Nov.  5 — Treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix, 
which  the  Six  Nations  and  the  Dela- 
res,  Shawanees  and  Mingoes  of  Ohio,  in 
consideration  of  £10,460,  grant  unto  King 
George  III,  of  England,  all  the  territory 
th  of  the  Ohio  and  west  of  the  Cherokee 
(Tennessee)  river,  and  back  of  the  British 
settlements. 

1769— Hancock  Taylor,  Richard  Taylor, 
Abraham  Haptonstail,  and  — .  Barbour, 
from  Orange  co.,  Va.,  go  down  the  Ohm  to 
the  Falls,  thence  to  New  Orleans,  and 
home  by  sea. 

June  7 -John  Findlay,  Daniel  Boone, 
John  Stewart.  Joseph  Holden,  James 
Moonev,  and  Wm.  Cuol,  from  the  -iadkin 
river,  N.  C,  reach  the  Red  river,  in  Ky., 
and  continue  hunting  until  Dec.  22. 
Stewart  is  killed,  and  Boone  left  alone. 
Squire   Boone  and  another  man  shortly 


■iiaU'sN.  An 


FAO-SIMILK     SIGNATURES. 


of  Albemarle 


eraarle  co.,va.,  nret  white         f        /  >/'y7  y^  ^ 

I-  to  south-eaBtern  Ky..  in   ^      ^-J  V  A/VX  I     ^  /i 


5.  Oen*l    Simon   Henton,  in 

1771  and  1772,  explored  north-eastern 
Ky.,  in  Boyd  and  Greenup 


6.  Patrick  Henry, 

r  in  the  world,  first  Goveri 
i  State  of  Virginia,  in  1776,  wl 
part  of  Fincastle  co..  \ 
^     .31,  1775,  was  erected 


inal,  to  patent 


Ky.  in  1775;   elected  fiTrst  delegate  from 
tucky   county  to  General   Assembly  of 


_Col.  Alexander  D.  Orr,  ol 

'  and  Christopher  Greei 

the    first 


terwarda    Governo 


[Copy  I  . ^  . 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


17 


after  come  to  Kentucky,  where  Squire  finds 
his  brother  Daniel, 

1770— Capt.  Philip  Pittman  publishes, 
in  London,  an  elegant  map  of  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  from  the  mouth  up  to  Fort 
Chartres,  below  St.  Louis. 

A  party  of  40  hunters,  from  New,  Hol- 
ston,  and  Clinch  rivers,  in  south-west  Vir- 
ginia, unite  for  the  purpose  of  trapping, 
hunting,  and  shooting  game,  west  of  the 
Allegheny  mountains.  Nine  of  them,  led 
by  Col.  .James  Knox,  reach  the  country 
south  of  the  Kentucky  river,  and  about 
Green  river  and  the  lower  part  of  the 
Cumberland  river.  From  their  long  ab- 
sence, are  known  as  the  Long  Hunters. 

May — Daniel  Boone  looks  upon  the  Ohio 
river  for  the  first  time. 

1771— Simon  Kenton,  John  Strader,  and 
George  Yeager  (the  latter  raised  by  Indi- 
ans, and  visited  the  cane  land  with  them), 
descend  the  Ohio  river,  to  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Kentucky  ;  on  their  return  they 
examine  Licking  river,  Locust,  Bracken, 
Salt  Lick,  and  Kinnikinnick  creeks,  and 
Tygart   and   Sandy    rivers,   for  cane,   but 

177:),  June  22— Capt.  Thomas  Bullitt, 
Hancock  Taylor,  (both  surveyors),  and 
others,  in  one  company,  and  James  Mc- 
Afee, George  McAfee,  Robert  McAfee, 
James  McCoun,  jr.,  and  Samuel  Adams,  in 
another  company,  going  together  down  the 
Ohio,  reach  the  mouth  of  Limestone  creek, 
where  Miiysville  now  stands,  and  remain 
two  days. 

June  24 — Robert  McAfee  goes  up  Lime- 
stone creek  to  the  waters  of  the  North 
Fork  of  Licking  river,  through  what  is 
now  Mason  county,  and  down  that  stream 
some  25  miles  ;  thence  northward  through 
what  is  now  Bracken  county,  to  the  Ohio 
river;  with  his  tomahawk  and  knife 
makes  a  bark  canoe,  and  overtakes  his 
company,  June  27,  at  the  mouth  of  Lick- 
ing, where  Covington  now  is. 

July  4  and  5— The  companies  visit  Big 
Bone  lick,  in  what  is  now  Boone  county — 
making  seats  and  tent-poles  of  the  enor- 
mous backbones  and  ribs  of  the  mastodon 
found  there  in  large  quantities. 

July  7 — At  the  mouth  of  the  Levisa  (or 
Kentucky)  river  the  companies  separate — 
Capt.  Bullitt's  going  to  the  Falls,  while 
Hancock  Taylor  and  the  McAfee  company 
go  up  the  Kentucky  and  up  Drennon 
creek  to  Drennon  lick. 

July  16— Robert  McAfee  has  two  sur- 
veys made 


stands. 

July  8— Capt  Thos.  Bullitt  reaches  the 
Falls,  and  pitches  his  camp  above  the 
mouth  of  Bear  Grass  creek,  retiring  of  a 
night  to  a  shoal  above  Corn  Island.  He 
surveys  land  under  warrants  granted  by 
Lord  Dunmore,  below  the  Falls  to  Salt 
river,  and  up  that  stream  to  Bullitt's 
lick,  in  what  is  now  Bullitt  county. 
In  August  he  lays  out  the  town  of  Louis- 


'  McDonald's  Sketches,  p.  203. 

I...2 


ville,  on   part  of  the  plat  of  the    present 

Another  surveyor,  James  Douglas,  visits 
the  Falls,  and  on  his  way  down  makes  ex- 
tended investigations  at  Big  Bone  lick. 

Capt.  James  Harrod,  Abram  Kite,  and 
James  Sandusky  (or  Sodowsky),  in  pe- 
riogues  or  large  canoes,  descend  the  Ohio 
to  the  Falls,  and  return. 

Gen.  Thompson,  of  Pennsylvania,  makes 
some  surveys  upon  the  North  Fork  of  Lick- 
ing river,  in  what  is  now  Mason  county. 

1773— Simon  Kenton,  Michael  Tyger, 
and  some  others  from  Virginia,  comedown 
the  Kanawha  and  Ohio  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Scioto,  and  await  Capt.  Thos.  Bullitt's  ar- 
rival— who  passed  down  in  the  night  or  in 
a  thick  fog  to  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Miami ; 
thither  Kenton's  party  follow,  but  finding 
Bullitt's  camp  vacated  and  supposing  his 
party  murdered  by  Indians,  they  destroy 
their  canoes  and  go  through  the  country  to 
Greenbriar  county,  Va.,  under  Kenton's 
guidance— doubtless,  the  first  trip  by  land 
from  Northern  Kentucky  to  Western  Vir- 
ginia. 

In  the  fall,  Kenton,  with  Wni.  Grills, 
Jacob  Greathouse,  Samuel  Cartwright,  and 
•Joseph  Locke,  from  the  Monongahela 
country,  descend  the  Ohio  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Big  Sandy,  where  they  spend  the  win- 
ter in  hunting  and  trapping.  In  the 
spring  of  1774,  on  account  of  Indian  ag- 
gressions, they  evacuate  their  camps  or 
settlements,  and  return  to  Fort  Pitt. 

1774,  May — Capt.  James  Harrod,  Abram 
Hite,  Jacob  Sandusky,  James  Sandus- 
ky, and  37  other  men  descend  the  Ohio, 
encamp  at  the  mouth  of  Deercreek,  where 
Cincinnati  now  is,  and  upon  that  ground 
cut  the  first  tree  ever  cut  by  white  men. 
They  go  on  down  to  the  mouth  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  up  that  stream  to  what  is  now 
Mercer  county,  where  in  June,  they  lay 
off  Harrodstown  (afterward  called  Old- 
town,  and  now  Harrodsburg),  and  erect  a 
number  of  cabins. 

June  6 — Daniel  Boone  and  Michael 
Stoner,  by  solicitation  of  Gov.  Dunmore, 
of  Virginia,  go  to  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio, 
to  conduct  into  the  settlement  a  party  of 
surveyors.  They  complete  the  tour  of  800 
miles  in  62  days.  These  surveyors  had 
been  sent  out  by  Dunmore  "  some  months 
before."  Three  parties  of  surveyors  were 
then  in  Ky.,  under  Col.  John  Floyd, 
Hancock  Taylor,  and  James  Douglass. 
Taylor  was  shot  by  Indians,  and  died  from 
the  wound.     [See  Vol.  II,  pp.  626,  764.] 

Simon  Kenton  visits  Big  Bone  lick. 

July— In  consequence  of  Indian  hostili- 
ties, this  settlement  is  abandoned,  and 
most  of  the  men  return  to  Virginia,  or 
Pennsylvania.  Two  of  them,  Jacob  San- 
dusky and  another,  travel  to  Cumberland 
river,  and  in  a  canoe  descend  that  river. 


tlie  Falls  Bbout  tlmt  time.    He  kept  f 
the  Bettteiiientof  the  country,  and  was  a  greal 
iiiid  mGtbodicjil  adventurer.    American  Pioneer 
vol.  ii,  p.  326.    Western  Journal,  vol.  xi,  p.  59. 


18 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1776. 


the  Ohio,  and  Mississippi  to  New  Orleans, 
going  by  sea  to  Baltimore.  They  are  the 
first  white  men,  except  French  or  Spanish, 
who  ever  descend  those  rivers.'^' 

1774,  Oct.— After  the  battle  at  Point 
Pleasant,  Get.  10,  three  of  the  soldiers, 
John  Whittaker  Willis,  John  Ashby,  and 
Wm.  BoUand,  of  Stafford  and  Fauquier 
counties,  Va.,  visit  Kentucky  in  a  periogue, 
and  pass  down  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  to 
New  Orleans,  thence  via  Pensacola  and 
Charleston  to  Virginia.f 

1775,  May— Simon  Kenton  and  Thomas 
■Williams  land  at  the  mouth  of  Limestone 
creek  (now  Maysville).  Two  or  three 
miles  from  the  river  they  find  abundance 
of  cane  upon  the  richest  land  they  had 
ever  seen.  With  their  tomahawks  they 
clear  a  patch,  and  raise  corn  on  the  spot 
afterwards  called  Kenton's  station,  three 
miles  from  Maysville. 

Feb.— Capt.  Wm.  Twetty,  Samuel  Co- 
burn,  James  Bridges,  Thomas  Johnson, 
John  Hart,  William  Hicks,  James  Peeke, 
and  Feli.^  W.alker  leave  Rutherford  county. 
North  Carolina,  "  to  explore  a  country  by 
the  name  of  Leowvisay,"  (Louisa,  or  Le- 
visa,  now  Kentucky).  They  proceed  to 
Watawgo  (Watawga)  river,  a  tributary  of 
the  Holston,  at  a  point  now  in  the  State 
of  Tennessee,  remaining  some  days — while 
Col.  Henderson  was  negotiating  his  treaty 
below  mentioned.  Thence  go  to  the  Long 
Island,  in  Holston  river,  to  join  Col. 
Daniel  Boone,  his  brother  Squire  Boone, 
Col.  Eichard  Callaway,  John  Kennedy, 
and  their  associates — in  all,  30  persons — 
with  Daniel  Boone  as  pilot. 

March  10— Marking  their  track  with 
their  hatchets,  they  leave  Long  Island, 
cross  Clinch  river,  Powell's  river,  over 
Cumberland  mountain,  cross  Cumberland 
river,  and  camp  first  on  Rockcastle  river. 

March  25— Twelve  miles  from  Boones- 
borough,  in  camp  asleep,  an  hour  before 
day,  they  are  fired  on  by  Indians ;  Capt. 
Twettv  is  mortally  wounded,  his  negro 
man  servant  killed,  Felix  Walker  badly 
wounded,  the  company  dispersed,  and  some 
men  abandon  their  companions  and  go 
back. 

March  17 — Col.  Richard  Henderson,  Na- 
thaniel Hart,  and  others,  conclude  a 
treaty  with  the  Cherokees,  at  AVataga,  and 
for  £10,000  acquire  the  territory  between 
the  Ohio,  Kentucky,  and  Cumberland 
rivers,  as  far  east  as  the  Cumberland 
mountains.  Virginia  afterw.ard  refuses 
to  recognize  their  right  to  the  purchase,  but 
assumes  its  benefits,  and  gr.ants  them  a 
tract  of  land  12  miles  square,  on  the  Ohio, 
below  the  mouth  of  Green  river. 

Lord  Dunmore  issues  a  proclamation 
against  these  purchasers  ;  prior  to  which 
they  employ  Daniel  Boone,  who  had  been 
their  agent  with  the  Cherokees,  to  mark  a 
road  through  the  southern  wilderness,  by 
way  of  Cumberland  Gap,  to  Cantuckey,  and 
to  erect  a  fort. 


ii,  p.  32fi. 


April  1 — First  fort  begun  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Kentucky  river,  in  what  is  now 
Madison  county,  and  finished  on  June  14; 
by  compliment  it  is  called  Boonesbourg  or 
Boonesborough.  Settlements  are  made, 
and  stations  or  block-houses  built,  also,  at 
Harrodsburg,  and  at  the  Boiling  Spring, 
both  in  what  is  now  Mercer  county, 
and  at  St.  Asaph's,  in  what  is  now  Lincoln 

April — Col.  Richard  Henderson  and  Col. 
John  Luttrell,  of  North  Carolina,  Capt. 
William  Cocke,  and  Col.  Thomas  Slaughter, 
of  Virginia,  with  a  company  of  about  30 
men,  arrive  at  Boonesborough — increasing 
the  military  force  to  about  60  men. 

Henderson  &  Co.  open  a  land  office  at 
Boonesborough,  and,  by  Dec.  1st,  560,000 
acres  of  land  are  entered,  deeds  being  is- 
sued by  said  company  as  "  Proprietors  of 
the  Colony  of  Transylvania." 

May  23— Pursuant  to  a  call  by  Col.  Hen- 
derson, representatives,  chosen  by  tho 
people  of  Transylvania,  meet  at  Boones- 
borough, agree  upon  a  proprietary  govern- 
ment, and  pass  nine  laws — the  first  legisla- 
tive body  west  of  the  Allegheny  and 
Cumberland  mountains.  They  adjourn  to 
meet  again  in  September,  but  never  meet. 

September — Boone  and  others  bring 
their  wives  and  children  to  Kentucky ; 
Boone's  wife  and  daughter  being  the  first 
white  women  that  ever  stood  upon  the 
banks  of  Kentucky  river;  and  the  wives 
and  daughters  of  Hugh  McGary,  Richard 
Hogan,  and  Thomas  Denton  the  first  at 
Harrodsburg. 

MaJ.  George  Rogers  Clark  visits  Ken- 
tucky, but  returns  before  winter. 

October — Col.  Robert  Patterson  and  sii 
other  young  men,  with  John  McClellan 
and  family,  leave  Pennsylvania  for  Ken- 
tucky in  canoes.  At  the  Salt  Lick  creek, 
in  what  is  now  Lewis  county,  Patterson 
and  three  men  start  into  the  interior,  going 
up  this  creek  to  its  head,  crossing  Cabin 
creek  and  Stone  lick,  thence  by  way  of 
Mayslick  to  the  Lower  Blue  Licks,  where 
they  meet  Simon  Kenton  and  Thomas 
Williams.  They  thence  proceed  across 
Licking  and  several  branches  of  the  Elk- 
horn  to  Leestown ;  thence  to  the  Royal 
Spring,  now  Georgetown,  where  McClellan 
joins  them,  and  they  build  a  fort  or  sta- 
tion, and  name  it  after  him. 

1776— Leestown,  one  mile  below  Frank- 
fort, is  established. 

Mr.  Gibson  and  Capt.  Linn  make  a  trip 
from  Pittsburg  to  New  Orleans  to  procure 
military  stores  for  Pittsburg  ;  and  return 
in  1777  with  136  kegs  of  powder,  which 
they  carry  by  hand  around  the  Falls.  j 

Jacob  and  James  Sandusky  build  San- 
dusky's station,  on  Pleasant  run,  in  what 
is  now  Washington  county. 

July  7 — Miss  Betsey  Callaway  and  her 
sister  Frances,  daughters  of  Col.  Richard 
Callaway,  and  a  daughter  of  Col.  Daniel 
Boone — the  first  named  grown,  the  others 
about  14  years  old — are  captured  by  five 
Indians,  from  a  canoe  in  the  Kentucky 
river,    within     sight    of    Boonesborough. 


1779. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Their  fathers  and  friends  recapture  them, 
uninjured,  next  day,  thirty  miles  dist.int. 

Maj.  Geo.  Rogers  Clark  moves  to  Ken- 
tucky early  this  year. 

.June  6— At  a  general  meeting  at  Har- 
rodsburg,  Clark  and  Gabriel  Jones  are 
chosen  agents  to  the  Virginia  Assembly,  to 
negotiate  for  the  eflScient  protection  and 
general  good  of  the  new  settlements. 

Aug.  23— They  procure  500  pounds  of 
powder  from  the  Council  of  Virginia, 
which  they  take  from  Pittsburg  down  the 

Dec.  25 — Col.  John  Todd  and  party  are 
sent  to  Limestone  for  this  powder,  under 
guidance  of  Gabriel  Jones,  but  when  near 
the  Blue  Licks  are  attacked  and  defeated 
by  Indians,  and  Jones  is  killed.  Clark 
afterward  takes  the  powder  safely  to  Har- 
rodsburg. 

Dec.  6 — Kentucky  county  established 
by  Virginia,  out  of  part  of  Fincastle 
county. 

Dec.  29— McClellan's  fort  (Georgetown) 
attacked  by  Indians. 

1777,  March  7— First  siege  of  Harrods- 
burg  by  47  Indians,  under  their  chief, 
Blackfish. 

April  15 — First  attack  on  Boonesbor- 
ough. 

Burgesses  chosen  to  represent  the  county 
of  Kentucky  in  the  legislature  of  Vir- 
ginia. 

May  20— Logan's  station  attacked. 

July  4 — Second  attack  on  Boonesbor- 
ough  by  200  Indians. 

July  25— -A  party  of  45  men  arrive  at 
Boonesborough  from  North  Carolina. 

Major  Clark's  spies  in  the  Illinois  coun- 
try. 

Sept. — First  court  at  Harrodsburg. 

Oct.  1— Clark  starts  to  Virginia. 

Dee.  10 — Clark  opens  his  plan  for  con- 
quering Illinois  to  Patrick  Henry,  gov- 
ernor of  Virginia. 

Dec.  31 — So  disastrous  have  been  the 
Indian  hostilities  this  year,  and  so  dis- 
couraging to  emigration,  that  only  three 
settlements  prove  permanent — Boonesbor- 
ough with  22  men,  Harrodsburg  with  65, 
and  St.  Asaph's,  or  Logan's  fort,  with  15, 
exclusive  of  the  occasional  militia  sent  out 
from  Virginia. 

1778,  Jan.  2— Col.  Clark  appointed  to 
lead  an  expedition  against  the  British  posts 
in  Illinois. 

Feb.  7 — Boone  taken  prisoner  near  the 
Blue  Licks. 

Feb.    15— The   Indians  bring  Boone 
the  Blue  Licks,  and  secure  the  surren 
of  27  of  his  men,  who  were  there  making 
salt,    as    prisoners,    on    promise    of   good 
treatment — in  which  they  kept  faith. 

June  10— A  party  of  450  warriors  hav- 
ing assembled  at  old  Chillicothe,  Ohio, 
for  an  attack  on  Boonesborough,  Boone 
makes  his  escape,  and  reaches  Boonesbor- 
ough, 160  miles,  in  10  days— having  had 
but  one  meal  in  that  time. 

May  25 — Disastrous  attack  by  Indi 
on  a  boat  ascending  Salt  river. 

June  —  Maj.     George     Rogers     Clark's 


troops,  on  their  way  to  Illinois,  land  on 
a  small  island  at  the  F.alls,  (afterward 
called  Corn  Island),  and  fortify  it. 

June  24— Maj.  Geo.  R.  Clark  with  153 
men,  in  four  companies  under  Captains  Jos, 
Bowman,  Leonard  Helm,  Wm.  Harrod, 
and  Jos.  Montgomery,  and  including  Si- 
mon Kenton  and  John  Haggin,  leave  camp 
at  the  Falls,  and  going  by  boat  down  the 
Ohio  to  a  point  on  the  Illinois  shore,  a  lit- 
tle above  where  Fort  Massac  was  after- 
Htard  built,  march  thence  through  the 
wilderness,  120  miles,  to  Kaskask/a,  which 
fort  and  village,  on  the  night  of  July  4, 
they  surprise  and  capture  without  firing  a 
gun.* 

July  4— Clark  sends  from  Kaskaskia, 
and  two  days  after    captures  Cahokia. 

Aug.  1 — Vincennes  voluntarily  submits 
to  the  Americans. 

Boone,  with  19  men,  goes  on  an  In- 
dian expedition  to  Paint  Creek  town,  on 
the  Scioto. 

Sept.  7 — Duchesne,  with  11  Frenchmen, 
and  400  Indians  under  Blackfish,  besiege 
Boonesborough,  for  13  days.  They  pro- 
pose "a  treaty  within  60  yards  of  the 
fort,"  which  Boone  entered  into — an  In- 
dian stratagem  which  fails  ;  and  for  which, 
and  the  capitulation  or  surrender  at  the 
Blue  Licks,  Boone  is  subjected  to  a  mili- 
tary investigation.  His  defense  is  so  sat- 
isfactory that  he  is  promoted  from  Captain 
to  Major.f 

Oct.— Capt.  James  Fatten,  Richard  Chen- 
oweth,  John  Tuel,  Wm.  Faith,  John  Me- 
Manus,  and  others,  build  a  fort  and  lay 
the  permanent  foundation  of  the  city  of 
Louisville. 

Virginia  grants  Col.  Henderson  &  Co. 
200,000  acres  on  the  Ohio,  below  Green 
river,  as  above  stated. 

Oct. — The  territory  conquered  by  Col. 
Clark  established  by  the  Legislature  of 
Virginia  as  Illinois  county.  Col.  John 
Todd  appointed  Commandant  and  County 
Lieutenant. 

Maj.  Clark  orders  Capt.  AVm.  Linn  and 
the  discharged  troops  from  Kaskaskia  to 
return  to  the  Falls,  abandon  the  station  on 
Corn  Island,  and  erect  apermanent  fort  on 
the  main  shore.  In  the  fall  of  1778,  or 
early  in  1779,  the  first  rude  stockade  is 
raised  near  a  ravine  where  12th  street  ter- 

Dec. — Gov.  Hamilton,  the  British  com- 
mander at  Detroit,  captures  Vincennes. 

1779,  Feb.  25— Vincennes,  with  81  pris- 
oners, and  $50,000  worth  of  military  stores, 
under  Gov.  Hamilton,  surrenders  to  Col. 
George  Rogers  Clark  and  his  170  men. 

April  17— Col.  Robert  Patterson  begins 
the  erection  of  a  fort  where  Lexington  now 
stands,  and  lays  off  that  town. 

May— Expedition  of  Col.  John  Bowman, 
with  from  160  to  300  men,  against  the  In- 
dian town  of  Old  Chillicothe.  He  is  com- 
pelled to  retreat,  and  loses  8  or  9  men,  but 
kills  two  celebrated  Indian  chiefs,  Black- 


•  Reynolds'  Illin 


20 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


feet  and  Red  Hawk,  burns  the  town  and 
captures  16:)  horses  and  other  spoil. 
I  Sept. — Legislature     <5f    Virginia    pre- 

f         sents  a  sword  to  Col.  Geo.  R.  Clark,  and  to 
)        his  Illinois  regiment  150,000  acres  of  land 
I         in   Indiana,  opposite    to  the   Falls— since 
/        called  "  Clark's  Grant." 
/  Oct.— Col.  David  Rogers  with  Capt.  Rob- 

/  ert  T.  Benham,  and  70  men,  are  sent  from 

Pittsburgh  to  New  Orleans  for  clothing 
and  military  supplies  for  the  western  posts. 
They  reach,  with  two  laden  keel-boats, 
the  sand-bar  on  the  Kentucky  shore,  about 
5K  niiles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Licking, 
when  they  are  attacked  by  about  200  In- 
dians, who  slaughter  them  all  but  about 
20,  who  escape  to  Harrodsburg. 

Bryan's    station,  five  miles  north-east- 
•     ward  of  Lexington,  Ruddle's  and  Martin's 
stations,    on    the    south    fork   of    Licking 
river,  settled. 

Oct.  13— The  Virginia  land  commission- 
ers, Wm.  Fleming,  Edmund  Lyne,  James 
Barbour    and    Stephen    Trigg  open    their 
session  at  St.  Asaph's. 
ftt.  1780,  Jan, — The  '*  hard  winter;"  game 

-  frozen  in  the  forest,  and  cattle  around  the 
stations.  Corn  sells  at  $50  to  $175  (Conti- 
nental money)  per  bushel. 

May — Virginia  grants  land  in  Kentucky 
for  educational  purposes. 

June  22— Col.  Byrd,  of  the  British 
army,  with  six  field-pieces,  and  six  hun- 
dred Canadians  and  Indians,  coming  down 
the  Big  Miami  and  up  the  Licking,  com- 
pels the  surrender  of  Ruddle's  and  Mar- 
July — Col.  George  Rogers  Clark  and  two 
regiments  (998  men) under  Cols.  Benj.  Lo- 
gan and  Wm.  Linn — part  of  whom  are 
from  Louisville  and  part  from  the  inte- 
rior— rendezvous  at  Covington,  and  build 
a  block-house  ■v.iere  Cincinnati  now  is, 
for  the  purpose  of  leaving  some  stores,  and 
some  men  who  were  wounded  in  an  Indian 
attack  on  Capt.  Hugh  McGary's  company, 
which  inarched  part  of  the  way  on  the  In- 
diana side  of  the  river,  while  the  main 
body  kept  the  Kentucky  side.  [This  was 
the  first  house  ever  built  in  Cincinnati,] 
The  expedition  is  very  successful  in  sur- 
prising and  destroying  the  Indian  towns 
of  Chillicothe,  Piqua,  and  Loramie's  store. 

No  less  than  300  large  family  boats 
filled  with  emigrants  arrive  at  the  Falls, 
during  this  spring. 

The  town  of  Louisville  is  "established" 
at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  by  act  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Legislature. 

Col,  Cl.-irk,  by  direction  of  Gov,  Jeffer- 
son, builds  Fort  Jefferson,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  five  miles  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio,  in  the  lands  of  the  Chickasaws 
and  Choetaws, 

Nov,  1 — The  county  of  Kentucky  is  sub- 
divided into  three  counties  :  Jefferson,  with 
John  Floyd  colonel,  Wm,  Pope  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  George  May  surveyor ;  Lin- 
coln, with  Benj,  Logan  colonel,  Stephen 
Trigg  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Jas.  Thomp- 
son surveyor;  and  Fayette,  with  John 
Todd    colonel,  Daniel   Boone   lieutenant- 


of    the  great  Chief  Justice  of  the   U,   S,) 
surveyor, 

1781,  Jan.  22— Col.  George  Rogers  Clark 
is  commissioned  by  Gov.  Jefferson  as  "brig- 
adier-general of  the  forces  to  be  embodied 
in  an  expedition  westward  of  the  Ohio." 

Great  emigration  of  girls  to  Kentucky. 

Fort  Jefferson,  with  a  garrison  of  30  men 
under  Capt,  George,  after  a  five  days'  siege 
by  Chickasaws  and  Choetaws,  drives  them 
off  with  terrible  carnage, 

1782,  March  22— Capt,  James  Estill  de- 
feated and  killed,  alter  a  gallant  battle 
near  Little  Mountain,  (now  Mount  Ster- 
ling); it  is  known  as  Estill's  defeat, 

Aug,  12— Capt,  Holder,  with  17  men,  de- 
feated near  the  Upper  Blue  Licks, 

Aug,  15— Bryan's  station,  with  a  garri- 
son of  40  or  50  men,  is  besieged  for  two 
days  by  600  Indians  and  a  few  British 
soldiers  under  Maj,  Caldwell  and  the  rene- 
gades Simon  Girtyand  McKee — who  retire 
with  a  loss  of  about  30  warriors, 

Aug.  19 — These  Indians  are  pursued  and 
overtaken  at  the  Lower  Blue  Licks  by  182 
Kentuckians,  under  Cols,  Todd,  Trigg,  and 
Boone,  who  arc  defeated  in  one  hour  with 
terrible  carnage — losing  60  killed,  12 
wounded,  and  7  taken  prisoners, 

Aug.  25 — Col.  Archibald  Lochry,  Capts. 
Orr,  Stokely,  Campbell,  and  Shannon,  and 
101  men,  when  on  their  way  down  the  Ohio 
to  the  Falls  to  join  Gen.  Clark's  expedition, 
land  on  the  Indiana  shore,  at  a  creek  since 
called  Lochry's,  nine  miles  below  the  great 
Miami,  and  are  fired  on  by  Indians  from 
the  bluff ;  42  killed  and  64  t.i.ken  prisoners. 

Fort  Nelson  built  at  Louisville,  on  a  spot 
now  north  of  Main,  and  between  6th  and 
8th  streets. 

Nov.— Gen.  George   Rogers  Clark,  with 
1,050  men— one  division  under  Col.  John 
Floyd,  which   rendezvoused    at  the  Falls, 
and  -another  under  Col.   Benj.   Logan,   at 
Bryan's    station,  uniting  at  the  mouth  of 
Licking — marches  rapidly   up  the   Miami 
river,  130  miles,   destroys,  Nov.  10th,  the 
principal  Shawnee  town,  Loramie's  store, 
and  other  towns— the  property    and    pro- 
vision burned  being  very  valuable,  and  sur-        f 
passing  all  idea  of  Indian  stores.    No  large       I 
body  of  Indians  thenceforward  invade  Ken-        I 
tucky. 

Nov.  30— Treaty  of  peace  between  the       / 
United  States  and  Great  Britain  is  signed 
at  Paris,  France  ;    but  the  news  does  not 
reach  Kentucky  until  the  next  spring. 

1783,  March— Kentucky  is  formed  into 
one  district,  and  a  District  Court  opened  at 
Harrodsburg,  March  3,  by  John  Floyd  and 
Samuel  McDowell  as  judges — the  third 
judge,  George  Muter,  not  attending  until 
1785. 

Danville  founded,  as  a  place  to  hold  the 

2nd  store  in  Kentucky  opened  by  Col.       / 
Daniel  Brodhead,  at  Louisville.  / 

Some  distilleries  built  south  of  the  Ken-    / 
tucky  river,  for  distilling  spirits  from  In- 
dian corn. 

Col.  John  Floyd  killed  by  Indians. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


21 


1784,  Feb.— Col.  James  Wilkinson  opens 
the  third  store  in  Kentucky,  at  Lexing- 
ton. 

Gen.  Logan  calls  an  informal  meeting  of 
the  people  at  Danville,  (the  capital  of 
Kentucky  until  1792,)  on  the  state  of  the 


tton,  after  nine  years  absenc 
;  deserted  improvements,  thri 
phere    Maysville  now  is,  at 


erects  a  blockho 

He  also,  with  Edward  Waller,  John 
Waller,  and  George  Lewis,  erects  a  block- 
house at  Limestone  (Maysville).  The  route 
hence,  by  the  Lower  Blue  Licks  to  Lex- 
ington, becomes  a  favorite  avenue  for  im- 
migration. 

Nelson  county  formed  out  of  Jefferson. 

Dec.  27 — First  Convention  held  at  Dan- 
Tille,  and  separation  from  Virginia  dis- 
cussed, but  referred  to  a  second   conven- 

Louisville  contains  "  6.3  houses  finished, 
37  partly  finished,  22  raised  but  not  cov- 
ered, and  more  than  100  cabins." 

1785,  April — The  Mississippi  river  swells 
to  the  height  of  30  feet  above  the  high- 
est water  mark  previously  known  ;  the  town 
of  Kaskaskia  is  completely  inundated,  and 
the  whole  "  American  Bottom  "  overflown.* 
This,  for  many  years,  was  remembered  as 
the  year  of  the  great  waters — "  L'annee 
desgraildes  eau.c.*' 

May  23 — Second  Convention  adopts  an 
address  to  the  Assembly  of  Virginia,  and 
one  to  the  people  of  Kentucky,  together 
with  strong  resolutions  in  favor  of  separa- 


adopts  two 


Aug.  8— Third  Conv 
new  addresses,  in  bold 
fore. 

Bourbon,  Mercer,  and  Madison  counties 
formed ;  and  the  towns  of  Harrodsburg 
and  Shippingport  established. 

Sunday,  Oct.  16— Col.  James  Mon- 
roe, then  a  member  of  Congress,  (and 
afterward  President  of  the  U.  S.,)  reaches 
Limestone,  or  Maysville,  via  the  Ohio 
river,  and  returns  to  Virginia  via  Lexing- 
ton and  the  '<  wilderness." 

Generals  George  Rogers  Clark,  Richard 
Butler,  and  Parsons  make  a  treaty  with 
the  Indians,  at  Fort  Mcintosh,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Great  Mianth 

Oct.  26— Indians  steal  60  horses  from 
a  station  near  Limestone. 

1786,  Jan.— Gen.  George  Rogers  Clark 
negotiates  a  treaty  with  the  Shawnees  and 
Delawares,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Mi- 
ami, by  which  the  United  States  are  ac- 
knowledged to  be  the  sole  and  absolute 
sovereigns  of  all  the  territory  ceded  by  the 
treaty  of  peace  with  Great  Britain  in  1783. 

Jan. — First  act  of  Virginia  favoring  a 
separation  of  Kentucky,  on  certain  condi- 
tions. 

Towns  of  Frankfort,  Stanford,  and 
Washington  established. 

April— Col.  Wm.  Christian  killed  by 
Indians. 

•Hall's  Sketches,  vol.  i.,  p.  173. 


Sept. — Gen.  George  Rogers  Clark's  third 
expedition  against  the  Indians.  With 
1000  men  he  leaves  Louisville  by  land  for 
Vincennes,  sending  his  provisions  in  keel 
boats  up  the  Wabash — which,  from  the  de- 
lay by  low  water,  and  the  heat  of  the 
weather,  are  spoiled.  Insubordination,  de- 
sertions, and  other  misconduct  of  some  of 
the  officers  and  troops,  prevent  any  thing 
from  being  efi"ected. 

Gen.  Clark  detaches  Col.  Benj.  Logan 
from  his  camp  at  Silver  Creek,  opposite  to 
Louisville,  to  return  to  Kentucky  and  raise 
troops  for  an  expedition  against  the  Shaw- 
nees. Logan,  with  400  or  500  men,  crosses 
the  Ohio  at  Limestone,  penetrates  the  In- 
dian country  to  the  headwaters  of  the 
Mad  river,  burns  8  large  towns,  destroys 
many  fields  of  corn,  kills  about  20  war- 
riors, including  the  head  chief  of  the  na- 
tion, and  captures  70  or  SO  prisoners  ;  bis 
own  loss  about  10  men. 

Oct.— Second  act  of  Virginia,  postpones 
the  separation  of  Kentucky  until  Jan.  1, 
1789. 

1787,  May— Meeting  at  Danville,  in  re- 
lation to  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi. 

June — Gen.  James  Wilkinson,  with  a 
small  cargo  of  tobacco  and  other  produce 
(the  first),  descends  to  New  Orleans,  sells 
at  a  good  price,  and  obtains  from  the 
Spanish  governor,  Miro,  "permission  to 
import,  on  his  own  account,  to  New  Or- 
leans, free  of  duty,  all  the  produetions  of 
Kentucky."  He  was  to  furnish  tobacco 
for  the  king  of  Spain,  at  $9.50  per  cwt., 
while  in  Ke-ntucky  it  would  cost  him  but 
$2.00  per  cwt. 

Aug.  18— John  and  Fielding  Bradford 
establish,  at  Lexington,  the  Kentuoke  Oa- 
zette — the  first  newspaper  in  the  district, 
and  (except  the  Pittsburgh  Gazette)  the 
first  in  the  West. 

Sept.  17— Fifth  Convention,  at  Danville, 
unanimously  decides  in  favor  of  separa- 
tion, on  the  terms  ofi'ered  by  Virginia. 

Towns  of  Bealsborough,  Charleston  (at 
mouth  of  Lawrence  creek,  below  Lime- 
stone), Maysville,  Danville,  and  Warwick 
(on  Kentucky  river,  near  Harrod's  land- 
ing), established. 

1788 — Counties  of  Mason  and  Woodford 
formed  by  Virginia. 

Almanacs  first  printed  in  the  West,  at 
Lexington. 

June  28— Convention  of  Virginia  de- 
cides, by  a  vote  of  88  to  78,  in  favor  of 
adopting  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States— the  Kentucky  delegation  voting  11 
against  it,  and  3  in  its  favor. 

July  3 — Congress  refers  to  the  new  gov  ■ 
ernment,  the  subject  of  the  admission  of 
Kentucky  into  the  Union.  Great  opposi- 
tion to  it  is  felt  by  the  Eastern  states  un- 
less Vermont  or  Maine  is  admitted  at  the 

July  10 — John  Brown,  a  member  of  the 
Old  Congress,  from  Virginia,  communicates 
to  Judges  McDowell  and  Muter,  that 
Don  Gardoqui,  the  Spanish  minister,  "  bad 
authority  to  grant  to  the  people  of  Ken- 


22 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


701. 


tacky  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  the  exportation  of  produce  to  New 
Orleans  on  terms  of  mutual  advantage,  if 
they  would  erect  themselves  into  an  inde- 
pendent state,  and  appoint  a  proper  person 
to  negotiate  with  the  minister ;  but  that 
this  privilege  never  can  be  extended  to 
them  while  part  of  the  United  States,  by 
reason  of  commercial  treaties  existing  be- 
tween Spain  and  other  powers  of  Europe."  * 

July  28— Sixth  Convention,  at  Danville, 
adjourns  without  other  action  than  calling 
another  convention,  with  full  discretionary 
powers. 

Spanish  intrigues  in  Kentucky,  during 
this  year. 

Dr.  John  Conolly  in  Kentucky,  as  a 
British  agent. 

Nov.   4 — Seventh    Convention    at    Dan- 

The  town  of  Bardstown  established. 
Nov.— Maj.  Benj.  Stites,  with  a  party 
of  18  or  20 — among  them  Col.  Spencer, 
Maj.  Gano,  Judge  Wm.  Goforth,  Francis 
Dunlevy,  Maj.  Kibbey,  Rev.  John  Smith, 
Judge  Foster,  Colonel  Brown,  Mr.  Hubbell, 
Capt.  Flinn,  Jacob  White,  and  John  Ri- 
ley—lands  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Mi- 
ami river,  constructs  a  log  fort,  and  lays 
out  the  town  of  Columbia. 

Dee. — Gen.  Harmar  sends  Capt.  Kear- 
sey  with  48  soldiers  to  Limestone,  thence 
to  the  fort  at  Columbia,  to  protect  the  set- 
tlers ;  but  the  great  flood  rendering  it  dif 
ficult  to  reach  that  fort,  they  go  on  t( 
North  Bend,  and  in  March  to  the  Falls. 

Matthias  Denman,  of  New  Jersey,  pur- 
chases of  Judge  Symmes  (for  about  $500 
in  Continental  certificates,  then  equal  to 
about  $125  in  specie)  the  fraction  of  land 
on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  and  th( 
entire  section  adjoining  it  on  the  north, 
(about  800  acres)  which — on  the  survey  of 
Symmes's  grant — should  be  found  to  lie 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Licking  river. 
A  party  of  12  or  15,  formed  at  Limestone 
(Maysville),  under  Col.  Robert  Patterson 
and  John  Filson  (to  whom  Denman  had 
agreed  to  sell  one-third  interest  each  in 
the  new  town),  lands  Dec.  28, 1788,  at  that 
point— a  plan  of  the  town  having  been 
agreed  upon  before  embarking,  and  the 
name  of  Losantiville  given  to  it  by  Filson 
(the  Kentucky  historian),  who  in  the  spring 
is  to  survey  the  town,  stake  off  the  lots,  and 
superintend  the  sale.  Filson  ventures  too 
far  from  a  surveying  party  and  is  mur- 
dered by  Indians. 

Dec.  27 — Third  .act  of  Virginia  in  favor 
of  separation. 

1789,  Jan.  29— A  party  of  adventurers 
leave  Limestone  under  Judge  Symmes,  in 
flat  boats,  and  at  great  hazard  on  account 
of  ice,  early  in  Feb.  reach  North  Bend, 
where  Judge  S.  founds  a  city,  and  each 
adventurer  receives  a  donatign  lot. 

Jan. — No  votes  given  in  the  district  of 
Kentucky,  for  electors  of  President  and 
Vice  President  of  the  United  States. 


Feb.  12 
Geo^e  '" 


» Western  Journal, 


Correspondence  between  Gen. 
lington  and  Col.  Thom»s  Mar- 
respecting   British  and  Spanish  in- 
trigues in  Kentucky. 

The  town  of  Hopewell  (now  Paris)  es- 
tablished. 

July  20— Eighth  Convention  assembles 

id  remonstrates  against  the  conditions  of 

separation  contained   in  the   third  act  of 

Virgil  • 

Dec 
by  Virginia,  complying  i 
Kentucky. 

John  Cummins  is  the  first  child  born  at 
Losanteville  (Cincinnati). 

Mr.  Kaye  erects  the  first  hrUk  house  in 
Louisville. 

1790,  Jan.  8— Washington,  in  Mason 
county,  has  119  houses. 

Jan.— A  boat  with  10  or  12  persons, 
one  a  woman,  is  captured  about  15  miles 
above  Limestone  by  Indians,  boat  turned 
adrift  with  nine  dead  bodies  of  men,  and 
the  woman  and  the  rest  missing. 

March— Indians  kill  10  or  12  persons  at 
Kenton  station,  near  Limestone,  and  tem- 
porarily break  it  up. 

Indian  depredations  and  massacres  of 
small  parties  of  whites  very  frequent. 

July  26 — Ninth  Convention  accepts  the 
terms  of  Virginia,  and  fixes  June  1,  1792, 
for  the  independence  of  the  State  of  Ken- 
tucky. ^       . 

Oct.— Col.  Trotter  leads  the  Kentuckians 
at  Harmar's  defeat. 

Dee. — Kentuckians  petition  Congress  to 
fight  Indians  in  their  own  way.  A  local 
Board  >f  War  is  appointed  in  Kentucky. 

April  18— Gen.  Harmar,  with  100  troops 
of  the  United  States  Army  and  Gen. 
Scott,  with  230  Kentucky  volunteers,  march 
from  Limestone  (Maysville),  by  a  circuit- 
ous route,  to  the  Scioto  river,  and  thence 
down  to  its  mouth  (where  Portsmouth  now 
is),  in  order  to  intercept  some  of  the  hos- 
tile bands.  The  march  was  almost  fruit- 
less, only  4  Indians  being  killed. 

Population  of  Kentjjcky,  white  61,133; 
free  colored  114 ;  slaves  12,430 ;  total 
73,677. 

1791,  Jan.— Local  Board  of  War  for  the 
district  of  Kentucky  established  by  Con- 
gress, and  Brig.-Gen.  Chas.  Scott,  Harry 
Innes,  John  Brown,  Benjamin  Logan,  and 
Isaac  Shelby  appointed — with  discretion- 
ary power  to  provide  for  the  defense  of  the 
settlements,  and    the   prosecution    of    the 

Feb. — Congress  agrees  to  admit  Ken- 
tucky as  a  State,  on  the  1st  of  June,' 1792. 

March— Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair  is  ap- 
pointed commander-in-chief  of  the  army 
in  the  North-west. 

May  23— By  arrangement  of  the  Kentucky 
Board  of  War,  Gen.  Chas.  Scott,  with  800 
mounted  Kentucky  volunteers,  crosses  the 
Ohio,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky, 
marches  against  the  Indi.oo  towns  on  the 
Wabash  near  where  Lafayette  now  is, 
burns  Ouiatenon  (a  village  of  70  houses) 
and  other  towns,  defeats  the  Indians  sev- 
eral times,  and  captures  many  prisoners. 


1793. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


23 


)^ 


Aug.  1— The  Kentucky  Board  of  War 
eends  another  expedition  of  523  men,  un- 
der Col.  James  Wilkinson,  to  destroy  the 
towns  on  Eel  river,  near  its  junction  with 
the  Wabash.  They  burn  several  towns, 
one  with  120  houses  (of  which  8ft  were 
shingle-roofed),  cut  down  430  acres  of 
corn,  in  the  milk,  and  otherwise  greatly 
distress  the  Indians,  and  on  Aug.  21st, 
reach  Louisville  with  their  prisoners. 

Nov.  4  — Gen.  St.  Clair's  expedition 
against  the  Indians  on  the  Maumee  ends 
most  disastrously.  Upon  the  banks  of  a 
smsiU  branch  of  the  Wabash,  just  south  of 
the  headwaters  of  the  St.  Mary  of  the 
Maumee,  the  army  of  1400  men  and  86 
officers  (regulars  and  Kentucky  militia)  is 
surprised  and  overpowered  by  Indians,  un- 
der Brant  and  Little  Turtle,  and  defeated 
with  terrible  slaughter— losing  890  men 
and  16  officers  in  killed  and  wounded. 
Gen.  Kichard  Butler  is  among  the  killed. 

Dec— The  ninth  and  last  Convention 
elected,  to  meet  in  April  next  to  form  the 
constitution  of  Kentucky. 

1792,  April  3— The  Convention  meets  at 
Danville  and  drafts  a  constitution  which  is 
adopted. 

May — Gen.  Isaac  Shelby  is  elected  first 
governor  of  Kentucky. 

June  1 — Kentucky  is  admitted  into  the 
Union  as  a  State. 

June  4 — Ttie  governor  and  legislature  as- 
semble at  Lexington. 

June  6— Gov.  Shelby  meets  the  legisla- 
ture in  person,  and  delivers  his  first ''  mes- 
sage "  orally. 

Robert  Todd,  John  Edwards,  John  Al- 
len, Henry  Lee,  and  Thos.  Kennedy,  as 
commissioners,  fix  upon  Frankfort  as  the 
seat  of  government  of  the  new  State. 

The  members  of  the  legislature  receive 
$1  per  diem,  and  $12  each  for  the  whole 

May  22— Col.  John  Hardin  and  Major 
Truman  start  on  a  peace  mission  to  the 
Indians  in  North-west  Oh^o,  and  are  mur- 
dered. 

Aug.— First  paper  mill  in  Kentucky,  or 
in  the  West,  established  by  Craig,  Parkers 
&  Co.,  in  Georgetown,  at  the  Royal  Spring  ; 
it  continues  in  steady  operation  until  1836, 
when  it  is  burned  down. 

Sept.— Treaty  at  Fort  Knox  with  the 
Wabash  and  Illinois  Indian  tribes— which 
the  U.  S.  Senate,  in  Feb.,  1793,  refused  to 
ratify  because  the  4th  article  guaranteed 
to  the  Indians  their  lands. 

Oct.— A  great  council  of  all  the  north- 
western Indians  at  Au  Glaize,  or  Fort 
Defiance,  in  Ohio  territory. 

Nov.  6— Maj.  John  Adair  and  about  100 
Kentucky  militia  attacked  near  Fort  St. 
Clair  (now  Eaton,  Ohio)  by  a  large  body 
of  Indians  under  Little  Turtle ;  after  a 
gallant  fight,  in  which  they  several  times 
drive  back  the  Indians,  they  are  forced  to 
retreat  with  loss  of  6  men  killed,  5  wounded, 
their  camp  equipage  and  140  pack  horses. 

The  towns  of  Mt.  Sterling,  Shelbyville, 
and  Versailles  established. 

1793,  April  1— Morgan's  station,  on  Slate 


creek,  seven  miles  east  of  Mt.  Sterling, 
captured,  and  19  women  and  children  taken 
prisoners. 

Numerous  Indian  depredations — the  last 
in  Kentucky, 

Sept. — Gen.  Anthony  Wayne  calls  for 
mounted  volunteers  from  Kentucky  :  but, 
having  lost  confidence  in  the  regular 
troops  in  Harmar's  and  St.  Clair's  defeats, 
Kentuckians  refuse  to  volunteer. 

Sept.  28— Gov.  Shelby  orders  a  draft, 
which  is  successful. 

Oct.  24— Gen.  Chas.  Scott,  with  1000 
mounted  Kentuckians,  joins  Gen.  Wayne, 
six  miles  north  of  Fort  Jefferson,  and  80 
miles  north  of  Cincinnati ;  but  from  the 
lateness  of  the  season,  and  want  of  prepa- 
rations, his  troops  are  sent  home. 

Nov.  1 — Kentucky  legislature  meets  at 
Frankfort,  the  new.  capital,  for  the  first 
time)  in  a  large  frame  house  of  Maj.  James 
Love,  on  the  river  bank.  First  apportion- 
ment law  assigns  the  47  representatives — 
to  Fayette  6,  Bourbon  5  ;  Lincoln,  Mercer, 
Madison,  Mason,  Nelson,  and  Woodford  3 
each  ;  Clark,  Jefferson,  Scott,  and  Washing- 
ton 2  each  ;  and  1  each  to  Green,  Hardin, 
Harrison,  Logan,  and  Shelby.  The  gov- 
ernor's salary  was  fixed  at  $1,000  ;  that  of 
court  of  appeals  judges,  $666^  ;  judges  of 
court  of  oyer  and  terminer,  $100;  and 
$333  K  for  the  secretary  of  state,  treasurer, 
auditor,  and  attorney  general. 

Democratic  societies,  on  the  model  of 
one  at  Philadelphia,  established  at  George- 
town, Paris,  and  Lexington;  they  are  op- 
posed to  the  foreign  and  donjestic  policy  of 
Washington's  administration.  That  at 
Lexington  resolves  "that  the  right  of  the 
people  on  the  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  to 
iXs  navigation,  is  undoubted,  and  ought  to 
be  peremptorily  demanded  of  Spain,  by  the 
United  States  gevernment." 

The  French  minister.  Genet,  sffnds  four 
agents  to  Kentucky,  to  engage  men  in  an 
expedition  against  New  Orleans  and  the 
Spanish  possessions.  George  Rogers  Clark 
accepts  a  commission  as  "  Major  General 
in  the  armies  of  France,  and  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  revolutionary  legions  on 
the  Mississippi  river,"  and  issues  "pro- 
posals for  raising  volunteers  for  the  re- 
duction of  the  Spanish  posts  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi, for  opening  the  trade  of  said  river, 
and  giving  freedom  to  its  inhabitants." 

Nov.  9— The  first  newspaper  northwest 
of  the  Ohio  river,  established  at  Cincin- 
nati, by  Wm.  Maxwell,  entitled  "  Centi- 
nel  of  the  North-western  Territory  ;"  12  by 
19  inches  in  size. 

Nov.  16— First  line  of  "Ohio  Packet 
Boats  "  (flat  or  keel  boats)  established  at 
Cincinnati,  to  make  trips  to  Pittsburgh 
and  return,  monthly  ;  with  separate  cabin 
for  ladies ;  persons  may  work  their  pas- 
sage ;  oflices  for  insuring  goods,  at  the  ter- 
mini; and  at  J^imestone  (Maysville). 

Dec.  7— Gen.  St.  Clair,  governor  of  the 
North-west  Territory,  issues,  from  Mari- 
etta, his  proclamation  enjoining  neutrality 
as  between  France  and  Spain,  and  warn- 
ing  citizens    not    to    join   any    expedition 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY 


against  New  Orleans  and  the  Spanish  pos- 
sessions. 

The  towns  of  Cynthiana,  Falmouth, 
Shepherdsville,  Springfield,  Winchester, 
and  Wilmington  (in  Scott  county),  estab-  I 
lished. 

1794,  April  15— "Good  old  Kentucky 
salt"  is  advertised  for  sale  in  Cincinnati. 

May  14— La  Chaise,  one  of  the  French 
agents,  informs  the  Lexington  society 
that  "  unforeseen  events  had  stopped  the 
march  of  2000  brave  Kentuckians  to  go, 
by  the  strength  of  their  arms,  to  take 
from  the  Spaniards  the  empire  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, insure  to  their  country  the  naviga- 
tion of  it,  hoist  up  the  flag  of  liberty  in 
the  name  of  the  French  republic,"  etc. 

May  24 — Violent  resolutions  pass  at  a 
meeting  at  Lexington. 

June — Remonstrance  of  citizens  of  Ky., 
"to  the  President  and  Congress  of  the  U. 
S.,"  in  reference  to  the  injuries  and  in- 
sults offered  to  the  U.  S.,  by  the  King  of 
Great  Britain,  and  in  reference  to  the  free 
and  undisturbed  navigation  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, to  which  they  are  entitled  by  nature 
and  stipulation,  and  yet,  since  1783,  the 
Spanish  King  has  prevented  the  exercise 
of  that  right. 

July — Unsuccessful  Indian  attack  on 
Fort  Recovery. 

July  26— Gen.  Chas.  Scott,  with  1600 
Kentucky  volunteers,  joins  Gen.  Wayne, 
with  his  1600  regulars. 

Aug.  20 — In  one  hour.  Gen.  Wayne  de- 
feats nearly  2000  Indians  and  70  Canadi- 
ans, at  Fallen  Timbers,  (about  11  miles 
southwest  of  Toledo,  Ohio) ;  Indians  leave 
40  dead  upon  the  field ;  American  loss,  33 
killed  and  40  wounded. 

First  successful  steamboat  in  the  west, 
at  Lexington,  Kentucky. 

Towns  of  Greensburg,  Port  William 
(now  Ca'rrollton),  and  Newtown  (Jefferson 
county),  established. 

1795,  March  5— Three  large  lots  of  land, 
120,000  acres  each,  in  Kentucky  and  Penn- 
svlvania,  are  purchased  for  emigrants  from 
Wales.  The  principal  settlement  is  in  Nel- 
son county,  Kentucky,  5  miles  from  Salt 
river. 

July — Thomas  Power  sent  by  Caronde- 
let,  the  Spanish  governor  of  Louisiana,  to 
concert  with  the  people  of  Kentucky  a 
commercial  treaty  for  the  navigation  of  the 
Mississippi ;  in  consequence  of  which. 
Judge  Sebastian  meets  Col.  Gayoso  at  New 
Madrid.  The  agreement  is,  however,  de- 
feated by  the  United  States  treaty  with 
Spain,  Oct.  27. 

Aug.  3— Treaty  with  the  North-western 
Indians  at  Greenville,  Ohio,  establishes  a 
peace  unbroken  until  1S12. 

Nov.  2— A  bill  passes  the  Senate  at  this 
session,  for  selling  to  Elisha  J.  Hall  &  Co., 
all  the  public  lands  of  Kentucky,  south  of 
Green  river,  for  $250,000,  payable  in  short 
installments  ;  the  bill  is  defeated  in  the 
House,  by  a  vote  of  19  to  13. 

The  auditor,  treasurer,  and  secretary  of 
state  are  required  to  live  at  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment, and  their  salaries  raised  to  $600 


each.  The  gci-ernor's  salary  is  raised  to 
$1,333, '4.  and  the  per  diem  of  members  of 
the  legislature  to  $1.50  per  day  (from 
$1.00). 

The  Kentucky  legislature  attempts,  but 
fails,  to  remove,  by  address,  two  judges  of 
the  supreme  court,  George  Muter  and  Benj. 

An  act  is  passed,  obliging  every  white  ) 

male,  over  sixteen,  to  kill  a  certain  num-  / 

her  of  crows  and  squirrels  each  year.  I 

Daniel  Boone  removes  west  of  the  Mis-  i 

sissippi  river,  to  what  is  now  St.  Charles         y 
county,  Missouri. 

Kentucky  Academy  established,  under 
Presbyterian  auspices.  $10,000  subscribed 
in  the  East,  towards  its  endowment,  of 
which  President  George  Washington  and 
Vice-President  John  Adams  contribute 
$100  each,  and  Aaron  Burr  $50.  * 

1796— In  the  beginning  of  this  year, 
Cincinnati  has  more  than  100  log  cabins, 
12  or  15  frame  houses,  and  about  600  pop- 
ulation. 

May — Gen.  James  Garrard  elected  sec- 
ond governor,  over  Gen.  Benj.  Logan. 

Dec— Gen.  Anthony  Wayne,  on  his  way 
from  Detroit  to  Philadelphia,  is  taken 
sick  at  Erie,  Pa.,  and  dies. 

Lexington  Library  established,  with 
400  volumes;  increased  in  1S72  to  over 
12,000. 

1797 — The  office  of  Falls  Pilot  at  Louis- 
ville created. 

The  "  Kentucky  Mirror  "  newspaper 
established  at  Washington,  by  Wm. 
Hunter  and  Beaumont,  who  afterward  re- 
move it  to  Frankfort. 

May — Of  9.814  votes  returned  in  the 
state,"5,446  are  for  a  convention  to  revise 
the  constitution;  5  counties,  out  of  21, 
make  no  return.  The  convention  bill  fails 
to  pass  the  senate. 

July  12— Thos.  Power  sent,  by  Gov.  Ca- 
rondelet,  to  concert  a  separation  of  Ken 
tucky  from  the  Union. 

Oct.— Occupying  claimant  law  passed— 
to  excuse  the  occupant  of  land  from  the 
payment  of  rents  and  profits,  prior  to  ac- 
tual notice  of  adverse  title,  and  requiring 
the  successful  claimant  to  pay  for  all  val- 
uable and  lasting  improvements  prior  to 
such  notice,  less  the  damage  by  waste  or 
deterioration  of  soil  by  cultivation. 

Nov. — Punishment  by  death  abolished, 
except  for  murder  in  the  first  degree. 

Henry  Clay  removes  from  Virginia  to 
Lexington,  Ky. 

1798,  Feb.  10— The  legislature  gives  to 
the  "  Kentucky  Academy  "  an  endowment 
of  6,000  acres  of  land  ;  and  a  like  quan- 
tity to  Franklin  and  Salem  Academies, 
and  to  the  Lexington  and  the  Jefferson 
Seminaries.! 

May — A  second  vote  upon  the  question 
of  calling  a  convention  to  revise  the  con- 
stitution, results  8,804  votes  in  favor  of  it, 


'Davidson's  Presbyterian  (Jhurch  in  Ky.,  p 
fLitteirs  Laws  of  Kentucky,  vol.  ii.,  pp.  107 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


out  of  11,853  cast;  seven  counties  out  of 
24,  make  no  return  of  their  vote. 

Henry  Clay  advocates  the  gradual  eman- 
cipation of  slaves. 

Congress  passes  two  acts  I?nown  in  po- 
litical history,  ever  since,  as  the  Alien  and 
Sedition  laws. 

Nov.  16— The  nullifying  resolutions, 
known  as  the  "  Kentucky  Resolutions  of 
1798,"  introduced  by  John  Breckinridge, 
pass  the  house  of  representatives  unani- 
mously (except  the  single  vote  of  Wm. 
Murray),    and    pass     the    senate    unaui- 

The  legislature  passes  an  act  calling  a 
convention  on  July  22,  1799. 

Bee.  22— Transylvania  University  es- 
tablished, by  the  union  of  Transylvania 
Seminary  and  Kentucky  Academy. 

1799,  July  22— The  convention  to  revise 
the  constitution  meets  at  Frankfort,  Alex. 
S.  Bullitt  president,  and,  after  27  days' 
labor,  reports  the  new  constitution,  Aug. 
17.  The  governor  is  no  longer  to  be 
elected  by  the  same  college  of  electors  as 
the  senate,  but  is  chosen  every  four  yeiirs — 
as  is  also  a  lieutenant-governor — by  the 
voters  directly. 

The  slackwater  navigation  of  the  Ken- 
tucky river  somewhat  engages   attention. 

The  highw:iyman,  Big  Harpe,  is  killed, 
and  Little  Harpe  flies  from  the  state. 

Nov.— John  Pope,  in  the  senate,  at- 
tempts to^amend  the  '*  Resolutions  of  '98," 
but  his  amendment  is  rejected  and  the 
Resolutions  affirmed. 

Louisville  declared  to  be  a  port  of  en- 
try. 

1800,  June  1 — The  new,  or  second,  con- 
stitution of  Kentucky  goes  into  operation, 
and  is  unchanged  for  fifty  years — until 
1850. 

July — First  camp-meeting  at  Gaspar 
river  Church.  The  "Great  Revival"  of 
religion  begins  in  the  Green  river  country, 
and  extends  over  Kentucky,  and  over 
parts  of  Tennessee  and  Ohio. 

Aug. — James  Garrard  is  re-elected  gov- 
ernor, and  Alex.  Scott  Bullitt  chosen  the 
first  lieutenant-governor. 

Thomas  Jefferson  receives  the  vote  of 
the  state  of  Kentucky,  and  is  chosen  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States,  over  John 
Adams. 

Congress  repeals  the  circuit  court  sys- 
tem of  the  United  States,  and  also  the  law 
establishing  a  U.  S.  circuit  court  in  Ken- 
tucky— thereby,  among  others,  repealing 
Judge  Wm.  McClung  out  of  office. 

Kentucky  now  has  42  counties.  The  cen- 
sus shows  a  total  population  of  220,955— an 
increase  of  200  per  cent,  in  10  years— of 
these,  179,873  were  white,  739  free  colored, 
and  40,343  slaves ;  the  latter  an  increase 
of  224K  per  cent,  since  1790. 

1801,  Aug.  6-13— General  camp-meeting 
at  Cane  Ridge,  in  Bourbon  county,  Ky., 

ailes  from  Paris— attended  by  20,000 
in  1,143  vehicles,  and  on  horse- 
ack  ;  500  candles,  besides  lamps,  used  to 
Illuminate  the  camp  at  night;  3,000  peo- 
ple, mostly  men,  computed  to  have  fallen 


S 


back  ; 


nd  th 


aarkable  bodily 


legislature  abolishes  district 
e  general  court,  and  estab- 


lishes c 

1802,  Dec.  16— The  Kentucky  Insurance 
Company,  at  Lexington,  chartered,  with 
banking  powers ;  thus  the  first  bank  in 
Kentucky  was  authorized,  by  men  who 
would  not  have  voted  for  it,  had  they  no- 
ticed its  provisions. 

The  right  of  deposite  for  American  trade 
at  New  Orleans — which  Spain,  in  the 
treaty  of  1795,  h.ad  conceded  for  three 
years — is  suspended,  producing  great  ex- 
citement in  Kentucky. 

Presbyterian  synod  of  Kentucky  formed, 
with  three  Presbyteries  and  37  ministers. 
April — First    piano    brought     to 
ucky,  by  Maj.  Val.  Peers. 

France,  by  the  secret  treaty  at 
St.  Ildefonso,  Oct.  1,  1800,  having  secured 
a  "  retrocession  "  of  the  province  of  Lou- 
isiana, with  the  same  extent  as  when  it 
passed  from  France  into  the  hands  of 
Spain,  sells  the  same  to  the  United  States 
for  80,000,000  francs  (§16,000,000).  Nov. 
30,  the  Spanish  fl.ag  is  lowered  and  the 
French  flag  hoisted,  and  the  keys  of  the 
city  of  New  Orleans  handed  over.  Only 
20  days  after  (Dee.  20),  M.  Laussat,  the 
French  governor-general,  delivers  posses- 
sion to  Gen.  James  Wilkinson,  commander 
of  the  United  States  troops.  Thus  the 
first  great  annexation  of  territory  to  the 
United  States  is  accomplished. 

Sept.  10— The  New  Light  schism  from 
the  Presbyterian  church  organized. 

An  extraordinary  shower,  of  a  reddish 
hue,  which  many  believe  to  be  Wood,  falls 
in   the  vicinity  of    Turtle  creek  meeting- 

1804— Six  Baptist  ministers  of  some 
note,  and  others  less  prominent,  with 
many  of  their  members,  declare  for  the 
abolition  of  slavery,  calling  themselves 
"  Friends  of  Humanity,"  and  taking  ex- 
treme ground.  The  Baptist  associations 
generally  declare  it  "  improper  for  minis- 
ters, churches,  or  associations  to  meddle 
with  the  emancipation  of  sl.avery,  or  any 
other  political  subject;  and  advise  them 
to  have  nothing  to  do  with  it  in  their  re- 
ligious capacity."  This  action  gives  great 
offense,  and  the  "  Emancipators  "  with- 
draw and  organize  "  The  Baptist  Licking- 
Locust  Association,  Friends  of  Human- 
ity " — which  soon  dies  out. 

Aug. — Christopher  Greenup  elected  gov- 
ernor for  four  years,  and  John  Caldwell 
lieutenant-governor;  John  Rowan  is  sec- 
retary of  state. 

Henry  Clay,  in  his  absence  from  home, 
is  first  brought  out  as  a  candidate,  and 
triumphantly  elected  a  member  of  the 
house  of  representatives  of  Kentucky. 

1805— Aaron  Burr  visits    Kentucky  for 

ington. 

The  Trappists   come   to   Kentucky  and 

1806,  June  16— Great  eclipse  of  the  sun. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1812. 


First  female  academy  in  the  West,  if 
not  in  the  United  States,  established  at 
Paris,  Kentucky,  by  the  Rev.  John  Lyle— 
with  from  loO  to  300  pupils. 

Aaron  Burr  again  visits  Lexington  and 
LouisriUe. 

Nov.  3 — Col.  Joe  Hamilton  Daveiss,  U. 
S.  attorney,  appears  in  open  court  before 
Judge  Innes,  of  the  U.  S.  District  Court 
at  Frankfort,  and  moves  for  process  to 
compel  Aaron  Burr  to  attend  and  answer 
to  a  charge  of  high  misdemeanor,  in  or- 
ganizing, from  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  United  States,  a  military  expedition 
against  Mexico,  a  friendly  power.  Im- 
mense sensation  caused. 

Nov.  1 1 — Burr  is  brought  before  the 
court,  but,  for  want  of  testimony,  the 
grand  jury  is  dismissed. 

Dec.  2 — Burr  indicted,  but  the  grand 
jury  return  "  not  a  true  bill." 

Dec.  6 — Judge  Sebastian  convicted,  by 
the  house  of  representatives  of  Kentucky, 
of  receiving,  while  on  the  supreme  bench, 
a  Spanish  pension  of  $2,000  a  year  ;  his 
resignation  accepted  and  further  proceed- 
ings dropped. 

Dee.  26 — Act  passed  granting  a  pension 
for  life  to  George  Muter,  chief  justice  of 
Kentucky. 

Act  to  purchase  the  first  fire  engine  for 
Frankfort. 

Burr's  acquittal  celebrated  in  Frankfort 
by  a  brilliant  ball.  Another  ball  given  in 
honor  of  Col.  Daveiss. 

1807— Bank  of  Kentucky,  with  $1,000,- 
000  capital,  chartered. 

First  newspaper,  "  The  Farmer's  Li- 
brary," published  at  Louisville. 

1808,  Aug.— Gen.  Charles  Scott  elected 
governor,  and  Gabriel  Slaughter  lieuten- 
ant-governor ;  Jesse  Bledsoe  is  secretary 
of  state. 

1809— The  limitation  in  actions  in 
ejectment  prolonged  from  seven  to  twenty 
years. 

Jan.  19 — Duel,  near  Louisville,  between 
two  members  of  the  legislature,  Henry 
Clay  and  Humphrey  Marshall.  At  the 
third  fire.  Clay  received  a  flesh  wound  in 
the  thigh,  "in  no  way  serious,"  he  him- 
self wrote. 

Jan.  30 — Act  passed,  over  the  governor's 
veto,  repealing  the  act  granting  a  pension 
to  Judge  Muter. 

Jan.  31 — First  divorce  law  passed. 

Feb.  8 — Act  providing  for  exchange  of 
"  cut  money  "  at  three  per  cent,  discount, 
and  forbidding  its  receipt  for  taxes  after 
April  1,  1812. 

Feb.  9— Act  forbidding  Ohio  attorneys 
from  practicing  law  in  Kentucky  courts, 
until  Ohio  repeals  her  law  forbidding  Ken- 
tucky lawyers  practicing  in  Ohio. 

The  schism  of  the  "  Particular  Bap- 
tists." 

1810,  Jan.  15— Act  to  provide  for  ex- 
tinguishing the  Indian  claim  to  lands  be- 
low the  Tennessee  river. 

Jan,  16 — 'Resolutions  of  the  Legislature 
declaring  inexpedient  an  amendment  pro- 
posed by  Pennsylvania  to  the  constitution 


of  the  United  States— "contemplating  the 
establishment  of  an  impartial  tribunal  to 
d%termine  disputes  between  the  general 
government  and  state  governments." 

Jan.  22 — Legislature  approves  the  con- 
duct of  the  U.  S.  government  in  refusing 
to  recognize  the  diplomatic  character  of 
the  British  minister,  Mr.  Jackson — be- 
cause of  his  indecorous  and  unbecoming 
correspondence,  and  his  insulting  imputa- 
tions against  the  veracity  and  integrity  of 

Jan.  25  — Publication  of  Martin  D. 
Hardin's  reports  of  the  court  of  appeals 
decisions  ordered. 

Jan.  26— $1.00  compensation  allowed 
for  killing  wolves,  under  six  months,  and 
$1.50  for  those  over  six  months  old,  if  the 
head  is  shown. 

Feb.  4 — Cumberland  Presbyterian  church 
established. 

Population  of  Kentucky  (now  the  7th 
state),  406,511;  white  324,237,  free  col- 
ored 1,713,  slaves  80,561.  Total  increase 
since  1800,  84  per  cent.,  and  increase  of 
slaves  99K  percent. 

1811  —  Mammoth  Cave  discovered  in 
Kentucky. 

Jan.  10 — Lottery  authorized  for  rais- 
ing $10,000  to  improve  the  navigation  of 
Kentucky  river. 

Several  academies  established  by  act  of 
Legislature. 

Great  earthquake  in  Kentucky,  most  se- 
vere in  the  western  part,  and  opposite,  at 
New  Madrid,  Missouri. 

Jan.  31 — Lands  granted,  at  nominal 
price  of  ten  cents  per  acre,  to  encourage 
building  iron-works  and  salt-works,  in 
Pulaski  and  Wayne  counties. 

Kentucky  assents  to  an  amendment  of 
the  United  States  constitution  proposed  by 
Congress — depriving  of  citizenship  any 
one  accepting  title  of  nobility  or  honor,  or 
receiving  presents  or  office  from  foreign 
emperor,  king,  or  prince. 

Washington  library  incorporated — Adam 
Beatty,  Robert  Taylor,  Francis  Taylor, 
Basil  Duke,  Mann  Butler,  and  others. 

Lottery  authorized,  to  raise  .$5,000  to 
improve  road  from  Maysville  to  Washing- 

Nov.  7— Battle  of  Tippecanoe,  in  which 
Col.  Joe  Hamilton  Daveiss  and  other  dis- 
tinguished Kentuckians  fell. 

1812— Sisterhood  of  Loretto  established 
in  Marion  county. 

Jan.  31 — John  Brown  authorized  to 
build  a  bridge  across  the  Kentucky  river 
at  Frankfort. 

Sale  of  donation  lands  for  the  use  of 
seminaries  of  learning  authorized. 

Several  library  associations  incorpor- 
ated. 

Feb.  4  —  Harry  Innes,  Christopher 
Greenup,  John  Brown,  Daniel  Weisiger, 
Martin  D.  Hardin,  and  Thos.  B.  Loofbur- 
row  authorized  to  raise  S4,000,  by  lottery, 
to  complete  the  building  of  a  house  of 
public  worship,  on  the  public  square,  in 
Frankfort — '*  the  same  to  be  open  and  free 
for   any  sect    or  denomination  who  shall 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


27 


perform  divine  serrice  therein  in  a  regular 
and  orderly  manner,  but  with  preference 
to  any  minister  employed  by  a  majority<of 
the   citizens   to  perform  service  at  stated 

Further  time  allowed  to  locate  and  sur- 
vey donation  seminary  lands. 

All  state  and  judicial  officers  and  attor- 
neys at  law  required  to  take  an  oath 
against  duelling — that  they  have  not 
given,  accepted,  or  carried  a  challenge  to 
flght  a  duel,  since  a  day  named,  and  will 
not  do  so  during  continuance  in  office. 

Feb.  7 — Trustees  of  Louisville  author- 
ized to  assess  and  collect,  annually,  not 
exceeding  $2,000  for  the  improvement  and 
benefit  of  the  town. 

Feb.  8— The  state  divided  into  ten  con- 
gressional districts. 

Congress  requested  to  grant  10,000  acres 
of  land  in  Upper  Louisiana  (now  Mis- 
souri) to  Daniel  Boone. 

**  Cut-silver"  is,  if  received  hereafter 
for  taxes  and  debts  due  the  state,  to  be 
weighed. 

Among  state  appropriations,  $12.50  al- 
lowed ns  "  balance  paid  for  digging  stumps 
out  of  the  state-house  yard,  and  $45  for 
the  pump  in  said  yard." 

June — Congress  declares  war  with  Eng- 
land. 

Gov.  Scott  confers  upon  Gen.  Wm.  II. 
Harrison  the  rank  of  major-general  in  the 
Kentucky  militia;  and  the  President  gives 
him  the  same  rank  in  the  regular  army, 
with  the    chief   command   in    the    North- 

Aug. — Isaac  Shelby  elected  governor 
(the  second  time),  and  Richard  Hickman 
lieutenant-governor;  Martin  D.  Hardin  is 
secretary  of  state. 

Oct. — 2,000  Kentucky  volunteers  assem- 
ble at  Louisville,  under  Gen.  Hopkins, 
and  march  into  the  Indian  country  on  the 
upper  AVabash.  Provisions  become  scarce, 
and  fatigue  and  hardships  cool  their  ar- 
dor;  they  revolt,  abandon  their  general, 
and  return  home — without  having  encoun- 
tered the  enemy. 

Dec.  18— Battle  of  Mississiniway. 

1813,  Jan.  10— The  Kentuckians  under 
Gen.  Winchester  reach  the  Maumee. 

Jan.  18— British  defeated  at  French- 
town. 

Jan.  22— Disastrous  battle  of  the  river 
Raisin,  and   massacre  of    the  Americans. 

Jan.  2.S— $5,000  advanced,  as  a  loan,  to 
buy  material  for  the  manufacture  of  nails 
and  other  iron  articles,  in  the  penitentiary. 

Jan.  29— Additional  pay  offered  as  an 
inducement  for  Kentucky  volunteers  in 
the  North-western  army,  under  Gen.  Wm. 
H.  Harrison,  to  extend  their  term  of  serv- 

Feb.  1 — Washington  and  Maysville  au- 
thorized to  raise,  by  taxation,  $760  each 
,  to  buy  fire-engines. 

Feb.  2 — Act  to  encourage  the  manufac- 
ture of  salt. 

David  Ballengall,  an  assistant  judge  of 
the  Nicholas  circuit  court  since  1805,  "  ad- 
dressed "  out  of   office,  because  a  Scotch- 


man unnaturalized,  and  not  having  taken 
the  oath  preparatory  to  naturalization. 

May  5— Brig. -Gen.  Green  Clay,  with 
3,000  Kentuckians,  reaches  Fort  Meigs, 
and,  with  part  of  his  force,  cuts  his  way 
through  the  enemy's  lines  into  the  fort. 

800  Kentuckians,  under  Col.  Wm.  Dud- 
ley, killed  or  taken  prisoners. 

July — Miserable  failure  of  the  second 
siege  of  Fort  Meigs. 

July  31— Fort  Stephenson  besieged. 

Oct.  5— Gov.  Shelby,  with  4,000  Ken- 
tuckians, reinforce  Gen.  Harrison,  and 
take  part  in  the  brilliant  victory  of  the 
river  Thames — which  closes  the  hostilities 
in  the  North-west. 

Oct.  15— The  Kentucky  troops  reach 
Frenchtown,  on  the  river  Raisin,  on  their 
return  from  the  victory  of  the  Thames. 
They  collect  65  skeletons  of  their  massa- 
cred countrymen,  and  inter  them  with 
proper  honors. 

Nov.  4— The  Kentucky  troops  reach 
Limestone  (Maysville),  and  arc  discharged 
by  Maj.  Trigg. 

Nov.  25— The  State  House,  at  Frank- 
fort, consumed  by  fire. 

Dec.  7 — In  consequence  of  the  burning 
of  the  Capitol,  the  court  of  appeals  and 
general  court  are  authorized  to  sit  at  any 
convenient  house  in  Frankfort,  until  other- 
wise provided  by  law.  Governor  and  sec- 
retary of  state  may  use  their  private  seals 
to  their  official  acts,  until  a  new  state  seal 
and  secretary's  seal  can  be  procured. 

Dee.  8— At  request  of  President  Madi- 
son, the  legislature  sets  apart  rooms  in  the 
penitentiary  for  confining  British  prison- 
ers, in  retaliation  for  the  close  confine- 
ment by  the  enemy  of  American  prisoners. 

Dec.  24— Kentucky's  quota,  $168,928, 
of  the  direct  war  tax  levied  by  congress, 
Aug.  2,  1813,  assumed  by  the  state  and 
paid  when  called  for  under  the  law. 

1814,  Jan.  31— John  Brown,  Daniel 
Woisiger,  Richard  Taylor,  Wm.  Hunter, 
and  Jephthah  Dudley,  appointed  commis- 
sioners to  plan  and  superintend  the  build- 
ing of  a  new  state-house,  of  dimensions 
specified,  and  to  be  paid  for  by  subscrip- 
tions of  the  citizens,  and  not  by  the  state. 
No  pledge  is  given  to  continue  the  seat  of 
government  at  Frankfort. 

Daniel  Smith  and  Samuel  J.  Mills  visit 
Kentucky  in  behalf  of  the  American  Bi- 
ble Society,  to  distribute  Bibles,  to  form 
Bible  societies,  .and  to  organize  churches. 

May    14— Maj. -Gen.  Wm.   H.  Harrison 

Aug.  6— Henry  Clay,  James  S.  Bayard, 
John  Quincy  Adams,  Jonathan  Russell, 
and  Albert  Gallatin,  as  American  commis- 
sioners, meet  British  commissioners  at 
Ghent  (in  Belgium),  and,  Dec.  14,  sign  a 
treaty  of  peace. 

Sept.  20— Gen.  Duncan  McArthur  calls 
upon  Gov.  Shelby  for  500  mounted  Ken- 
tuckians, who  rendezvous  this  day  at  Ur- 
bana,  Ohio,  under  Maj.  Peter  Dudley. 
He  leads  them,  with  some  Ohio  troops,  to 
the  river  Raisin,  against  Pottawatomie 
Indians,  who  flee  at  his  approach.     Thence 


28 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


leads  them  to  Detroit,  crosses  into  Canada, 
going  225  miles  eastward,  and,  Nov.  4, 
defeats  550  Canadian  militia,  at  Malcomn's 
Mill,  with  loss  of  17  killed,  9  wounded, 
and  196  prisoners  ;  American  loss  1  killed, 
6  wounded.  On  their  return  toward  Sand- 
wich (where,  Nov.  18,  they  are  honorably 
discharged),  they  destroy  several  mills 
which  were  making  flour  for  Gen.  Drum- 
mond,  and  much  arms  and  property,  to 
cripple  the  enemy.  The  expedition  or 
raid  is  very  daring  and  quite  successful. 

1815,  Jan.  4—2,500  Kentucky  militia, 
under  Maj.-6en.  John  Thomas,  less  than 
one-fourth  of  them  armed  (us  their  arms 
were  on  flat-boats,  not  yet  arrived),  reach 


Ne 


Orle 


ewspaper 


^ 


Maysville   "  Eagl^ 
lished. 

Jan.  8— Great  victory  at  New  Orleans. 

Feb.  7— Town  of  Covington  established. 

March  17 — Kentucky  troops  begin  their 
homeward  march  from  New  Orleans,  by 
land,  and  reach  Kentucky  about  May  1, 
after  enduring  almost  incredible  hard- 
ships. 

Certain  county  courts  authorized  to  ap- 
propriate seminary  lands. 

April  6— Great  flood  in  the  Ohio  river ; 
higher  than  it  had  been  since  1793. 

Oct.  15 — -A  steamboat  built  at  Louis- 
ville. 


16,  Ja 


1.  29— John  J.  Crittenden  and 
lorized  to  raise,  by  lottery, 
$10,000,  to  build  a  Masonic  Hall  in  Rus- 
sellville. 

Jan.  Sl^Church  and  seminary  property 
and  libraries  exempted  from  taxation. 

Feb.  1 — Company  in  Gallatin  county  in- 
corporated, to  build  a  steamboat  and  steam 

Feb.  6— The  state  divided  into  three 
districts,  for  the  purpose  of  electing  12 
electors  (four  in  each  district)  of  president 
and  vice-president  of  the  United  States. 

Feb.  10— Penalty  of  $100  upon  any 
court  or  justice  permitting  any  Lawyer 
from  Indiana  territory  to  practice  before 
them,  and  like  penalty  of  $200  upon  any 
such  lawyer  so  practicing — until  Indiana 
repeals  her  law  punishing  Kentucky  law- 
yers for  practicing  there. 

Feb.  10— Act  for  founding,  by  private 
subscription,  Fayette  Hospital,  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  lunatics  and  others. 

Feb.  10— $10,000  appropriated  to  finish 
the  new  state-house. 

Further  time  allowed  to  locate  and  sur- 
rey seminary  lands. 

Gen.  John  Adair  receives  "  the  highest 
approbation  and  thanks  of  the  legislature  " 
of  Kentucky,  for  his  gallantry  at  the  battle 


of    Ne 


Orleans, 


for  the  deep  interest  he  took 
ing  a  respectable  portion  of  the  troops  of 
Kentucky  from  the  inappropriate  imputa- 
tion of  cowardice,  most  unjustly  thrown 
upon  them  "  by  Gen.  Andrew  Jackson. 

Feb.  10— Salaries  advanced  and  fixed 
as  follows:  governor  and  auditor,  $2,000 
each  ;  secretary  of  state  $800,  treasurer 
$1,200,  and  register  $1,500. 


Aug.— George  Madiiion  elected  governor, 
and  Gabriel  Slaughter  lieutenant-governor. 

Oct.  16— Gov.  Madis'.n  dies,  and,  Oct. 
21,  G.  Slaughter  succeeds  him ;  after 
much  excitement  as  to  whether  he  should 
become  governor,  or  the  legislature  should 

1817,  Jan.  17 — Hope  distillery  company 
near  Louisville,  incorporated. 

Jan.  28— The  circulation  of  shinplas- 
ters  and  private  notes  prohibited. 

Feb.  3 — $2,000  appropriated  to  repair 
the  governor's  mansion. 

Feb.  4 — Lexington  and  Louisville  Turn- 
pike Road  company,  and  the  Maysville 
and  Lexington  Turnpike  Road  company 
chartered. 

Feb.  4— $6,000  loaned  by  the  state  to 
Dr.  Luke  Munsell,  to  facilitate  the  com- 
pletion of  his  "  large  and  elegant "  map 
of  Kentucky. 

Feb.  5 — Louisville  Hospital  established. 

The  Kentucky  legislature  proposes  an 
amendment  to  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States — -that  any  law  varying  the 
compensation  or  per  diem  of  members  of 
congress,  shall  take  effect  only  after  the 
term  of  service  of  the  representatives 
voting  for  the  law  shall  have  expired. 

Dec.  12— Shock  of  an  earthquake  felt 
throughout  the  state, 

1818,  Jan.  26 — Forty-six  independent 
banks  chartered,  located,  and  with  capital 

Lmii.-ville';  sol'iil.Oi'lO— at  Frankfort ;  $300,- 
IIOD— at  Bowlinj  i;n-.>i,,  (;....rgetn.,v,i,  Mays- 
ville, and  I':,ri-:  >jnn, 11(1(1— at  Ba.dstown, 


and    '\Vi(,   ,  .  -i     ...((10— at    Danville, 

Fleniingslidi,;;.  1 1  .  ■  i  ■  i  ixug,  Henderson, 
Springfield,  and  Stiinlord  ;  $120,000— at 
Cynthiana;  and  $100.000— at  Aui:u<ta,  Bar- 
bourville,  Burksville.  Burlingt.m,  Carlisle, 
Columbia,  Elizabethtown,  Greensburg, 
Greenville,  Hardinsburg,  Lancaster,  Leb- 
anon, Millersburg,  Montieello,  Morgan- 
town,  Mount  Sterling,  New  Castle,  Nich- 
olasville,  Owingsville,  Petersburg,  Port 
William,  Shepherdsville,  and  Somerset. 
Aggregate  capital  $8,720,000. 

Jan.  30 — Company  chartered  to  build  a 
can.al  at  the  Falls. 

Feb.  3— The  legislature  abolishes  the 
old  board  of  trustees  of  Transylvania  Uni- 
versity, and  a]ipoints  a  new  board  of  13. 

Feb.  4 — $300  appropriated  to  pay  for  a 
plan  for  a  state  armory. 

Gen.  George  Rogers  Clark  dies,  near 
Louisville. 

Oct.  19— Treaty  with  the  Chickasaw  In- 
dians, for  all  their  lands  or  claims  in  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentucky,  about  7,000,000 
acres- for  an  annuity  of    $20,000    for    15 


Nov.  10— For  the 

f;,„.,l     yPlM- 

■pding  to- 

day, the  total  re.-(i| 

•,       ,,,!,,     .1,, 

ur  treas- 

ury  were  $180,71(1- 

rrvenue 

eolleeted    by    sherd 

i:(XCS     on 

law    process,    deed; 

KIl.l      f-.ll- 

s:i0.031; 

dividends  on   state 

Stuck   in   il 

e   bank  of 

Kentucky  (8  per  ce 

Qt.),  $45,147 

:  oollected 

321. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


29 


for  lands  sold  heretofore,  $37,431.  The 
Dec.  session,  1817,  of  the  legislature  eost 
$24,fil7. 

Nov.  2(1— Bank  of  Kentucky  nnd  other 
Kentucky  hanks  suspend  specie  pay- 
ments— caused  hy  a  pressure  for  specie 
from  the  United  States  bank. 

Dec.  10— $38,133  drawn  from  the  treas- 
ury for  improving  navigation  of  Kentucky, 
Green,  Salt,  Cumberland,  and  other  rivers. 
Bank  of  Kentucky  resumes  specie  pay- 
Dec.  19— Rev.  Horace  HoUey,  LD.D., 
installed  as  president  of  Transylvsinia 
University. 

The  United  States  bank  refuses  to  pay 
the  ta.x  imposed  upon  her  branches  in 
Kentucky — claiming  exemption. 

1819,  Jan.  11— The  legislature  memori- 
alizes congress  to  provide  for  Christopher 
Miller,  of  Hardin  county,  Ky.,  who,  in 
1783,  when  15  years  old,  was  taken  pris- 
oner by  the  Indians  and  retained  among 
them  until  recaptured  by  Wayne's  spies, 
in  1794,  and  then  became  one  of  his  most 
distinguished  and  useful  spies,  going  on 
hazardous,  delicate,  and  successful  mis- 
sions. Wayne  promised  him  an  independ- 
ent fortune  from  congress  if  he  would  go, 
but  died  before  making  his  promise  good. 
Miller  is  now  poor,  with  large  family. 

Jan.  19— Centre  College,  at  Danville, 
incorporated. 

Jan.  28 — 57  convicts  now  in  the  peniten- 
tiary, working  in  cut  nail,  wrought  nail, 
shoe,  and  chair  factories,  and  a  blacksmith 

Feb.  3— Charter  of  the  Bank  of  Ken- 
tucky extended  to  1841. 

Dee.  6— Got.  Slaughter  recommends 
that  directors  and  stockholders  of  hanks 
be  made  individually  liable  for  redemption 
of  their  notes. 

Dec.  16 — Act  passed,  over  the  governor's 
veto,  to  suspend  for  60  days  sales  under 
executions  and  decrees. 

1820,  Jan.  3— Legislature  instructs  Ken- 
tucky senators  in  congress,  and  requests 
representatives,  to  vote  for  a  law  "  to  ad- 
mit the  people  of  Missouri  into  the  Union 
as  a  state,  whether  those  people  will  sanc- 
tion slavery  by  their  constitution  or  not." 

Jan.  25— Time  of  annual  meeting  of  the 
legislature  changed  to  3d  Monday  in  Oc- 

Feb.  8 — Commissioners  report  the  re- 
build in  gt)f  the  State-house  completed  ;  total 
cost,  $40,032,  of  which  citizens  of  Fr.anklin 
county,  and  a  few  others,  paid  $20,899,  and 
the  state  the  balance. 

Feb.  9 — Ratio  of  representation  in  leg- 
islature fixed  at  737  voters  for  the  next  four 
years  ;  38  senators  and  100  representatives 
provided  by  apportionment. 

Feb.  10 — Independent  bank  charters  re- 
pealed. 

Feb.  ]  1— Right  of  replevin  extended  3  to 
12  months.  The  "relief  "  excitement  begins. 

Feb.  14— $5,000  appropriated  by  the 
state  to  buy  books  and  apparatus  for  the 
medical  department  of  Transylvania  Uni- 
versity. 


Feb.  14—147  copies  of  Munsell's  large 
map  of  Kentucky  purchased  by  the  state. 

Feb.  14 — In  cases  of  imprisonment  for 
debt,  prison  bounds  extended  to  the  limits 

March  3 — The  "Missouri  Compromise" 
hill  passes  congress. 

June  24 — James  Madison,  then  presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  and  Gen.  An- 
drew Jackson  and  suite,  partake  of  a  pub- 
lic dinner  with  the  fraternity  of  Free  Ma- 
sons, in  Louisville. 

June — Total  population  of  Kentucky 
564,317,  an  increase  of  36}.^  percent,  since 
1810,  and  making  her  the  sixth  state  in 
the  Union  in  population.  Of  these,  434,- 
644  are  whites  ;  2,769  free  colored  ;  and 
126,732  slaves— the  latter  an  increase  of 
57J^  per  cent,  in  10  years. 

Aug. — Contest  for  governor  very  excit- 
ing. John  Adair  receives  20,493,  Wm. 
Logon  19,947,  Joseph  Desha  12,419,  and 
Anthony  Butler  9,667.  For  lieutenant- 
governor.  Wm.  T.  Barry  33,022,  and  Wm. 
B.  Blackburn  22,722.  Adair  and  Barry 
elected. 

Nov.  3 — Additional  time  given  to  pay 
the  debts  due  the  state  for  vacant  lands. 

Nov.    5 — Secretary   of    state  authorized 

aplete  a"fuU  set. 
The  U.  S.  president  requested  to  nego- 
tiate with   Great    Britain   relative    to   the 

Nov.  9 — The  state  library  established  at 
Frankfort. 

Nov.   9 — .$2,000   appropriated   to  repair 


gov 


Nov.  29— Bank  of  the  Commonwealth, 
at  Frankfort,  chartered,  with  $2,000,000 
capital,  with  branch  in  each  judicial  dis- 
trict— at  Bowling  Green,  ]?almouth,  Flem- 
ingshurg,  Greensburg,  Harrodsburg,  Hart- 
ford, Lexington,  Louisville,  Mount  Ster- 
ling, Princeton,  Somerset,  and  Winchester. 
Dec.  22,  by  supplemental  bill,  allowed  to 
issue  $3,000,000  of  notes,  and  limiting  the 
amount  which  any  individual  may  borrow 
to  $2,000. 

Dec.  13 — Tobacco  to  be  classed  into 
three  classes,  according  to  quality ;  in- 
spectors to  break  the  bulk  of  hogsheads 
in  at  least  two  places. 

Dec.  25— All  fines  and  forfeitures  to  be 
paid  over  to  the  treasurers  of  county  sem- 
inaries, to  promote  education. 

1821,  April  10- Mr.  Blair  arrives  at 
Frankfort  in  ten  days  from  Philadelphia — 
ip." 
-The  steamboat  Poet  Boy,  com- 
manded by  R.De  Hart,  arrives  at  Shipping- 
port  (foot  of  the  Falls)  in  17  days  from  New 
Orleans. 

Wm.  Steele  for  Kentucky,  and  Absalom 
Looney  for  Tennessee,  run  and  mark  the 
bouhdary  line  between  the  two  states, 
from  the  south-east  corner  of  the  state 
westward  114  miles  to  the  Cumberland 
river,  near  the  mouth  of  Obie's  river. 

A  census  of  Louisville  gives  the  white 
population  (of  which  94  were  foreigners) 


AXN'ALS   OF    KENTUCKY 


1823. 


1886,  blacks  1126— total  4012.  Valuation 
of  town  lots  and  improvements  $1,189,664 
—on  which  $4,637  taxes  were  assessed. 
Valuation  of  1807,  $913  ;  increase  in  14 
years,  $1,188,751. 

Dec.  6— Wm.  Littell  and  Jacob  Swigert  s 
Digest  of  the  Kentucky  Statutes  down  to 
1821  issued.  .  ,  .     V  , 

Pec.  17— Imprisonment   for   debt   abol- 

'  Dec.  18— By  act  of  the  legislature,  one- 
half  of  the  clear  profits  of  the  Common- 
wealth's bank  set  apart  as  a  "Literary 
Fund,  for  the  establishment  and  support 
of  a  system  of  general  education."  Ilavid 
R.  Murray,  John  Pope,  John  R.  Wither- 


spii 


Wm.  T.  Barry,  Dav 


Whil 


jted 


void  the  "  replevin  and  endorsement 
law,"  which  gave  to  the  defendant  a  stay 
of  execution  for  two  years  unless  the 
plaintiff  consented  to  receive  bank  pape 


pay 


at  of  his  debt — voted  down  (t 


thirds  of  the  hous 


bseq 


ntly 


.35).     The   dccii 
ifiirmed  by  the 


ig  there- 


and  Wm.  P.  Koper  app- 
plan  of  schools  of  common  eaucnunn, 
and  report  to  the  legislature.  One-halt 
the  profits  of  the  Lexington  branch  of  the 
Commonwealth's  bank  appropriated  to 
Transylvania  University;  one-third  the 
profits  of  the  Harrodsburg  branch,  to  pur- 
chase a  library  and  philosophical  appa- 
ratus for  the  Centre  College  of  Kentucky  ; 
and  a  like  sum  from  the  Bowling  Green 
branch,  for  the  like  purpose  for  the  South- 
ern College  of  Kentucky.  _ 

Dec.  19— County  courts  authorized  to 
purchase  lands  and  erect  "  poor  houses." 

Dec.  27—53  of  Dr.  Munsell's  map  of 
Kentucky  purchased,  and  the  balancedue 
for  loan  advanced  to  aid  in  its  publication 
canceled.  ^     _      .        ,  , 

Supreme   court  of    the    V.  b.,  in    Joiin 
Green  vs.  Richard  Biddle,  declare  the  oc- 
cuDvino-  claimant  laws  of   Kentucky  un- 
itutional  and  void,  because  violating 
intnnact  between  Kentucky  and  Vir- 


the 


;  of  the  < 


cted  commissi 
id  to  the  U.  S.  sn- 
in  the  v.alidity  of 


,  which  compact  i 
stitution  of  Kentucky. 

$4,000  appropriated  to  pay  Henry  Clay 
and  "George  M.  Bibb,    "     '    ' 
ers  to  go  to  Virginia, 
preme  court,  to   main 
the  occupying  claimant  laws. 

1822  March  22— Commonwealth  Bank 
notes  fall  to  62M  cents  on  the  dollar. 

May  13— Extra  session  of  the  legisla- 
ture, called  by  Gov.  Adair,  to  re-arr.ange 
the  congressional  distrL-ts  and  provide 
for  two  additional  members  (12  in  all) 
under  the  new  apportionment. 

May  17- Benjamin  Watkins  Leigh,  as 
commissioner  from  the  state  of  \  irginia, 
appears  before  the  Kentucky  legislature, 
and  asks  the  appointment  of  commission- 
er=  under  the  8th  article  of  the  compact 
between  the  two  states,  to  decide  points 
of  difference,  and  specially  the  claim  of 
Virginia  to  locate  on  the  lands  west  of  the 
Tennessee  river  the  unsatisfied  military 
bounty  warrants  of  the  ofiicers  and  sol- 
diers of  the  Virginia  state  line.  Henry 
Clnv  is  unanimously  elected  commissioner 
to  meet  Mr.  Leigh,  and  make  the  neces- 
sary arrangements  for  such  commission. 

May  27— Resolution  and  address  re- 
auirin"  the  governor  to  remove  from  office 
Judge'james  Clark,  of  the  Bourbon  cir- 
cuit    for    deciding    unconstitutional    and 


5— Henry  Clay  and  Benj.  Watkins 
Leigh  agree  upon  articles  of  convention  ; 
which  the  legislature  ratifies  Nov.  16. 

Oct.  29— Col.  Richard  M.Johnson  luinm- 
vwmly   re-elected    U.    S.   senator   for    six 

Nov.  19— Hugh  L.  White,  of  Tennessee, 
and  Jacob  Burnet,  of  Ohio,  unanimously 
chosen  commissioners  on  the  part  of  Ktn- 
tucky,  under  the  compact  with  Virginia  ; 
and  Henry  Clay  and  John  Rowan  counsel. 
Louisville  scourged  by  a  terrible  epi- 
demic, an  aggravated  bilious  fever,  which 
some  call  yellow  fever. 

Col,  Richard  M.  Johnson  presents,  in 
the  U.  S.  senate,  the  petition  of  John 
Cleves  Symmes,  a  citizen  of  Newport, 
Ky.  (a  nephew  and  namesake  of  Judge 
Symmes,  who  made  the  first  settlement 
between  the  Miami  rivers,  in  Ohio),  for 
aid  in  performing  a  voyage  of  discovery 
to  the  inside  of  the  earth,  through  the 
poles— which  he  claimed  were  open,  and 
that  the  interior  of  the  earth  was  accessi- 
ble and  habitable.  His  theory  attracts 
much  attention  and  ridicule,  and  is  since 
known  as  "  Symmes'  Hole." 

Nov.  26— Legislation  in  regard  to  sem- 
inary lands. 

Dec.  5— Charter  of  the  Bank  of  Ken- 
tucky repealed. 

Dec.  7— Lottery  authorized,  to  raise 
$25,000  to  build  a  medical  college  at  Lex- 
ington  Lunatic    Asylum   established 

at  Lexington Augusta  College,  un- 
der control  of    the   Methodist  E.  Church, 

chartered Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum, 

at    Danville,    established    and    endowed. 

Lottery  authorized,  for  draining  the 

ponds  in  the  town  of  Louisville. 

Public  printing  divided  between  two 
public  printers. 

Rate  of  taxation.  (,M  cents  on  each  one 
hundred  dollars'  worth  of  real  or  personal 
property.  .    . 

Dec.    11 Report    of    commissioners    on 

common  schools,  and  of  the  house  com- 
mittee on  education— 5,000  copies  ordered 
to  be  printed  in  pamphlet  form.  Among 
the  interesting  documents  are  letters  from 
ex-Presidents  John  Adams,  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson, and  James  Madison,  and  from 
Robert     Y.    Hayne,    Wm.     Duane,    and 

°  1823*  April  23— Death  of  Col.  James 
Morrison,  of  Lexington;  he  bequeathes 
$20,000  to  found  a  professorship  in  Tran- 
svlvania  University,  and  $40,000  more  to 
erect  an  edifice  for  its  use,  to  be  called 
Morrison  College.* 


•  Davidson's  Pres.  Ch.  in  Ky.,  i 


1825. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


31 


The  court  of  nppe.-ils  decides  the  replevin 
and  endorsement  law  unconstitutional. 

Dee.  29— Severe  laws  against  gambling. 

1824  —  Heavy  emigration  from  Ken- 
tucky to  Illinois  and  Missouri. 

Jan.  5 — Property  to  be  sold  under  ex- 
ecution   to   be  valued  in  specie The 

*'  endorsement  "  law  amended. 

Jan.  7 — A  botanical,  agricultural,  and 
medical  garden  established  at  Lexington, 
in  connection  with  Transylvania  Univer- 
sity  Another    relief    law,    repealing 

the  two-yeara  replevin  law,  but  requiring 
property  taken  in  execution  to  be  valued 
in  gold  or  silver,  and  to  bring  three-fourths 
of  such  value. 

Col.  James  Johnson,  of  Kentucky,  ob- 
tains a  leave  from  the  U.  S.  government  to 
prosecute  the  business  of  mining  and 
smelting  on  the  Upper  Mississippi — which 
he  does  with  a  strong  force  and  much  en- 
terprise. 

April  17 — A  line  of  stages  established 
from  Maysville,  through  Lexington  and 
Frankfort,  to  Louisville  ;  trip,  two  days, 
and  to  Washington  City  in  six  days. 

June — Four-fifths  of  all  the  steamboats 
on  the  upper  Ohio  river,  averaging  two 
per  day  each  way,  run  through  between 
Pittsburgh  and  Louisville.  The  remain- 
der make  either  Cincinnati  or  'Wheeling  a 

June  17— Public  dinner  by  the  citizens 
of  Lexington  to  Henry  Clay. 

Aug.  7 — Vote  for  governor:  Gen.  Joseph 
Desha  38,378,  Christopher  Tompkins  22,- 
499,  Wm.  Russell  3,900;  for  lieutenant- 
governor.  Gen.  Robert  B.  McAfee  33,482, 
Wm.  B.  Blackburn  25,382.  Desha  and 
McAfee  elected. 

Sept.  15 — "Bishop"  Alexander  Camp- 
bell, of  Buffalo,  Virginia,  announced  to 
preach  at  M.aysville,  Washington,  Mays- 
lick,  and  Augusta,  Kentucky,  and  at  Rip- 
ley, Ohio,  during  Sept.  and  Oct. 

Sept.  26— Death  of  Wm.  Littell,  com- 
piler of  "  Littell's  Laws  of  Kentucky." 

Oct.  15  to  23— Great  debate  at  Washing- 
ton, Mason  co.,  between  Elder  Alex. 
Campbell,  Reformed  Baptist,  and  Rev. 
Wm.  L.  McCalla,  Presbyterian,  on  the 
subject  of  baptism. 

Oct.  13— Mingo  Puckshunubbe,  80  years 
old,  and  the  senior  chief  of  the  Choctaw 
nation,  while  at  Maysville — with  a  depu- 
tation of  distinguished  Choetaws,  on  their, 
way  to  Washington  City — accidentally  falls 
over  a  stone  wall,  20  feet  high,  which  sup- 
ported the  river  bank,  and  was  killed.  He 
is  buried  with  military  honors  by  the  larg- 
est concourse  ever  assembled  at  a  funeral 

Nov.  2— Murder,  in  Fleming  county, 
about  5  miles  from  Mayslick,  of  Francis 
Baker,  late  editor  of  the  Natchez  "  Mis- 
sissippian,"  while  traveling  on  horseback 
to  New  Jersey  to  be  married. 

A  hog,  raised  by  Mr.  Watson,  near 
Germantown,  Mason  county,  weighs  782 
pounds,  nett. 

Vote  of  Kentucky  for  president:  Clay 
17,331,  Jackson  6,465. 


Nov.  4 — Capitol,  at  Frankfort,  destroyed 
by  fire.  Loss  .$40,000.  The  senate  meets, 
therefore,  in  the  seminary,  and  the  house 
of  representatives  in  the  meeting-house, 
both  on  the  public  square.  Within  a  year, 
and  while  still  holding  it  for  use  of  the 
house  of  representatives,  this  meeting- 
house, also,  is  burned  down,  and  the 
house  transfers  its  sessions  to  the  Metho- 
dist church.  The  legislature,  Dec.  21, 
appropriates  $3,000  to  rebuild  the  meet- 
ing-house, or  to  aid  in  rebuilding  the  Cap- 
itol, as  the  trustees  might  think  "  most 
conducive  to  the  interest  of  the  people  of 
Frankfort." 

Nov.  17— Gen.  La  Fayette,  now  in  the 
Eastern  states,  invited  by  the  legislature 
and  governor,  in  the  name  of  the  people 
of  Kentucky,  to  visit  the  state. 

Dec.  1 — Electoral  vote  of  Kentucky  cast 
for  Henry  Clay  for  president,  and  7  votes 
for  John  C.  Calhoun  and  7  for  Nathan 
Sandford  for  vice-president  of  the  United 
States. 

Dec.  14- The  valu.ation  of  taxable 
property    to    be    in    Commonwealth    bank 

Dec.  24 — All  laws  organizing  the  court 
of  appeals  repealed,  and  a  new  *'  supremo 
court,  styled  the  court  of  appeals,''  with  a 
chief  justice  and  three  associate  justices, 
established  ;  salaries  $2,000,  in  Common- 
wealth's bank   notes Center    College 

authorized  to  contract  with,  a.nd  be  under 
control  of,  the  Presbyterian  synod  of  Ken- 
tucky, upon  the  latter  raising  $20,000  for 

its    benefit Seminary  at   Bardstown, 

sustained  by  Roman  Catholic  clergymen, 
incorporated  as  St.  Joseph's  College. 

The  winter  remarkably  mild,  and  weather 
from  Dec.  to  March  mostly  warm  sunshine. 

Transylvania  University  has  320  stu- 
dents—of which  18  in  the  Law,  and  184 
in  the  Medical  school. 

1825,  Jan.  10— Only  one  public  printer 
to  be  chosen,  instead  of  two,  as  during 
several  years  past. 

Jan.  11 — The  legislature,  by  resolution, 
claims  the  power,  under  art.  iv,  sec.  2,  of 
the  constitution,  by  a  two-thirds  vote,  to 
remove  from  office,  by  address  to  the  gov- 
ernor, any  judge  for  mere  error  of  judicial 
opinion  and  decision,  if  it  shall  inflict 
upon  the  community  such  injury  as  the 
legislature  may  deem  "  reasonable  cause  " 
for  removal Representatives  in  con- 
gress  requested  to  vote  for  Gen.  Andrew 

Jackson    for    president Portrait    of 

La  Fayette,  to  be  painted  by  Matthew  H. 
Jouett,  ordered  for  the  hall  of  the  house 


epresentatives. 

»n.  12 — Louisville  and  Portland  cai 

rporated,  with  capital  of  $600,000, 


$100  sha 

Jan.  15 — Wm.  T.  Barry  appointed  chief 
justice,  and  James  Haggin,  John  Trimble, 
and  B.  W.  Patton  (who  was  succeeded  by 
Rezin  H.  Davidge)  associate  judges,  of  the 
"  new  court"  of  appeals. 

Jan.  28— Chief  justice  John  Boyle,  and 
judges  Wm.  Owsley  and  Benj.  Mills,  of 
the  "  old  court "  of  appeals,  open  session 


32 


ANXALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1826. 


in  Frankfort.  Feb.  5  they  publish  an  ad- 
dress to  the  people  of  Kentucky. 

Feb.  5 — Francis  P.  Blair  appointed  clerk 
of  the  new  court.  Attachment  issued 
against  Achilles  Sneed,  clerk  of  the  old 
court,  for  the  papers  and  records  of  court — 
which  he  refuses  to  deliver;  whereupon, 
officers  of  the  new  court  break  into  his 
office,  and  carry  them  off. 

Feb.  7— The  new  court  fines  Achilles 
Sneed  £10  for  not  complying  with  attach- 
ment   of   court The    grand  jury    of 

Franklin  county  indict  the  new  court  of 
appeals,  from  chief  justice  to  tipstaff,  for 
trespass  upon  Achilles  Sneed's  office. 

1825.  Feb.  11— Death  of  Benj.  W.  Pat- 
ton,  of  Hopkinsville,  4th  judge  of  the  new 
court  of  appeals.  Rezin  Davidge  ap- 
pointed to  succeed  him. 

March  5— Steamboat  William  Penn  ar- 
rives at  Maysville  from  Pittsburgh,  4fiO 
miles,  in  S2  hours — the  quickest  trip  ever 
made  to  that  date. 

March— Grand  juries  in  Montgomery, 
Garrard,  Franklin,  Union,  and  other  coun- 
ties, present  the  majority  in  the  recent 
legislature  for  a  violation  of  the  supremo 
law  of  the  state,  in  re-organizing  the  ap- 
pellate court. 

Meetings,  numerously  attended,  and 
held  at  the  county  seats  of  every  county, 
and  in  many  other  precincts,  both  con- 
demnatory and  approving  of  the  late  dis- 
organizing act.  Great  excitement  upon 
the  "  old  court  "  and  "  new  court  "  ques- 

March  28— Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  in 
the  Fayette  circuit  court,  before  Judge 
Jesse  Bledsoe,  moves  to  admit  Madison  C. 
Johnson  to  practice  as  an  attorney  and 
counselor  at  law,  under  a  license  granted 
by  Judges  Boyle  and  Owsley,  of  the  *'  old 
court  "  of  appeals,  since  the  disorganizing 
act.  Motion  overruled,  the  court  refusing 
to  hear  argument.    , 

April — Henry  Clay  burnt  in  effigy,  in  a 
number  of  places  outside  of  the  state  of 
Kentucky,  for  voting  in  congress  for  John 
Quincy  Adams  for  President,  instead  of 
for  Andrew  Jackson.  A  letter  of  Dr. 
Daniel  Drake  says  Mr.  Clay,  before  leav- 
ing (or  Washington  in  Nov.,  1824.  re- 
peatedly told  him  of  his  intention  thus  to 

April  22— Great  fire  at  Washington,  Ky., 
at  2  p.  M.;  13  buildings,  including  two 
taverns  and  much  other  property,  de- 
stroyed. In  52  minutes  from  the  time  the 
messenger  leaves  Washington  to  give  the 
alarm  and  appeal  for  help  in  Maysville,  4 
nailes  distant,  over  a  very  steep,  danger- 
ous, and  rough  road,  the  Maysville  fire 
engine  and  citizens  are  at  work  on  the 
fire. 

May  8— Gen.  La  Fayette  visits  Louis- 
ville, and  is  enthusiastically  received  by 
Revolutionary  officers  and  soldiers,  by  the 
citizens  en  inasae,  and  by  the  city  authori- 
ties  14  — He    arrives    at    Frankfort, 

where  he  is  met  by  seven  military  com- 
panies and  a  cavalcade  of  citizens,  and  a 
grand  dinner  and  public  ball  are  given  in 


honor 15— He  visits  Versailles,  Lex- 
ington, and  then  on  to  Cincinnati,  and  up 
the  Ohio  river. 

May  21 — Gen.  La  Fayette,  and  his  son. 
Col.  George  Washington  La  Fayette,  and 
the  governor  of  Ohio,  reach  Maysville,  on 
the  steamer  Herald.  Enthusiastic  recep- 
tion and  ovation. 

May  24— Public  dinner  to  Henry  Clay, 


illc. 


nrd 


from  Washington  City.  Many  public 
dinners  and  receptions,  at  Lexington, 
Winchester,  Nicholasville,  Russellville, 
Lancaster,  Richmond,  and  elsewhere,  and 
other  outpourings  of  the  public  confidence 
and  sympathy,  during  this  year,  because 
of  the  slanderous  "  bargain  and  intrigue  " 
accusations. 

Aug. — 65  "  old  court "  and  35  "  new 
court"  representatives  chosen.  The  sen- 
ate, including  those  holding  over,  stands  : 
17  old  court  to  21  new  court,  but  several 
of  the  latter  are  pledged  to  vote  for  a  re- 
peal of  the  re-organizing  law. 

Nov.  6 — Col.  Solomon  P.  Sharp  assas- 
sinated at  his  own  door,  in  Frankfort,  by 

Jeroboam    0.    Beauchamp 10  — The 

legislature  ofi'ers  a  reward  of  $3,000  for 
the  detection,  apprehension,  and  convic- 
tion of  the  assassin. 

Dec.  9— James  Davidson  elected  st.ate 
treasurer Day  of  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  legislature  changed  from  the 
first  Monday  in  Nov.  to  the  first  Monday 

in  Dec 14 — Committees  appointed  to 

devise  measures  to  settle  the  difficulties  in 
relation  to  the  court  of  appeals,  but  noth- 
ing accomplished. 

Deo.  28— Gen.  James  Wilkinson  dies, 
near  the  city  of  Mexico — after  having  se- 
cured a  grant  from  the  Mexican  goveru- 
ment  of  a  large  body  of  land  in  Te.xas. 

1826,  Jan.— The  Louisville  and  Port- 
land canal  contracted  to  be  completed  by 
Oct.,  1827,  for  about  $370,000. 

After  several  trials,  the  governor,  on 
June  18,  1827,  "  granted  a  pardon  to  Isaac 
B.  Desha,  who  stood  charged,  in  Harri- 
son CO.,  with  the  murder  of  Francis  Ba- 
ker ;"  EQ  says  the  executive  journal. 

Extensive  revivals  begin,  extending 
through  nearly  all  the  churches  of  Ken- 
tucky, in  the  years  1826-7-8-9.  During 
the  last  two  of  these  years  are  over  4,000 
additions  to  the  Presbyterian  churches 
alone. 

April  8 — Duel  at  Washington  City,  be- 
tween Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  secre- 
tary of  state,  a^nd  John  Randolph,  U.  S. 
senator  from  Virginia.  Mr.  Clay  chal- 
lenged, for  words  which  he  considered  of- 
fensive and  applied  personally  to  him, 
spoken  by  Randolph  in  the  senate.  Clay 
fired  twice,  and  Randolph  once,  without 
effect.  The  second  time,  Randolph  fired 
in  the  air,  and  called  out  that  he  declined 
to  fire  at  Mr.  Clay.  This  magnanimity 
caused  a  prompt  reconciliation. 

M.ay— Robert    Trimble,    U.    S.    district 
judge    fur    Ky.,   appointed    an     associate 
I  judge  of  the  U.  S.  supreme  court. 
'     July  7 — Jeroboam  0.  Beauchamp  hung,  at 


1827. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


33 


Frankfort,  for  the  murder  of  Col.  Solomou 
P.  Sharp.  He  and  his  wife,  who  staid 
with  him  in  jail,  at  11  o'clock,  attempted 
to  commit  suicide  by  stabbing  themselves 
with  a  case-knife  ;  her  wound  was  mortal, 
and  she  was  removed  to  a  room  in  the  jail- 
er's house  and  died  in  two  or  three  hours. 
They  were  determined  to  die  together,  and 
had  taken  laudanum  on  the  night  of  the 
6th,  but  without  success;  and  took  no 
nourishment  afterwards. 

July  18 — Death  of  ex-governor  Isaac 
Shelby. 

Aug.  1— James  Clark,  of  Clark  county— 
the  judge  who  gave  the  first  decision 
against  the  constitutionality  of  the  relief 
laws — is  elected  to  Congress  (to  succeed 
Henry  Clay),  by  975  majority  over  Maj. 
Herman  Bowmar,  of  Woodford. 

Aug.  9 — 56  "  old  court  "  and  46  "  new 
court  "  representatives  elected  ;  the  new 
senate  stands  21  "  old  court"  and  17  "  new 

Aug.  11 — Eliza  Hart  Clay,  daughter  of 
Henry  Clay,  while  on  her  way  to  Wash- 
ington City  with  her  father,  is  taken  sick 
and  dies,  at  Lebanon,  Ohio. 

Oct.  1— At  the  MaysviUe  Jockey  Club 
races,  in  a  sweepstake,  mile  heats,  best 
three  in  five,  Jenkins'  sorrel  mare  distances 
the  field  on  the  third  heat,  in  1:36— the  fast- 
est time  on  record.  She  makes  the  first  heat 
in  1:43,  and  the  second  in  1:42>^.  [The 
track  was  measured,  and  fell  80  yards 
short  of  a  mile.] 

Salt  wells  dug  on  Green   river,  in  Casey 


junty. 

Bones  of  a  mammoth  found,  40  feet  bel( 
le  surface,  in  digging  a  well  three  mi 


from  Di 

Oct.  10— Of  the  81  counties  in  the  state, 
32  are  what  have  since  been  called  *'  pauper 
counties  " — i.  e.,  their  expenses  exceed  the 
revenue  they  pay  to  the  state.  In  five 
counties  this  excess  is  less  than  $50  each, 
and  in  7  others  less  than  $100  each. 

Nov — John  Boyle  accepts  the  appoint- 
ment of  judge  of  the  U.  S.  district  court  for 

Kentucky John  Trimble,  late  one  of 

the^'new  court"  judges,  elected  to  the  house 
of  representatives  from  Harrison  county,  to 
fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Sam- 
uel   Griffith Large  emigration    from 

Kentucky  to  jMissouri. 

Nov.  17— Kept  as  a  day  of  thanksgiv- 
ing, humiliation,  and  prayer,  by  the  Pres- 
byterian churches  in  Kentucky. 

Dec.  I— Resolutions  of  Martin  P.  Mar- 
shall, in  the  house  of  representatives — de- 
claring that  the  governor,  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, judges  of  both  old  and  new  courts 
of  appeals,  senators  and  representatives, 
ought  to  resign,  so  that  by  a  new  election 
on  the  1st  of  May  the  people  might  settle 
the  reorganizing  question  according  to 
their  own  will,  and  thus  restore  peace  and 
harmony  to  a  distracted  state — are  adopted 
by  75  to  16,  not  a  party  vote.  Dee.  15, 
they  are  voted  down  in  the  senate  by  21 
to  16,  a  strict  party  vote,  the  "  new  court  " 
opposing  it. 

Dec.  4— Gov.  Desha,  in  his  annual  mes- 

I...3 


sage,  notifies  the  legislature  that  the  pub- 
lic expenditures  for  the  ensuing  year  are 
estimated  at  $143,283  ;  and  that  in  conse- 
quence of  the  assessments  being  made  at 
specie  value,  the  depreciation  in  value  of 
the  Commonwealth  bank  paper,  in  which 
the  taxes  are  paid,  the  falling  off  of  the 
profits  of  said  bank,  and  other  causes,  there 
would  probably  be  a  deficit  in  the  treasury 
of  $39,283.  He  recommends  the  invest- 
ment of  the  school  fund  then  in  the  bank 
of  the  Commonwealth,  the  proceeds  of  the 
sales  of  vacant  lands,  the  state  stock  in 
said  bank  and  in  the  hank  of  Kentucky, 
and  all  other  funds  which  can  he  raised 
otherwise  than  by  directly  taxing  the  peo- 
ple, be  invested  in  building  turnpikes  from 
MaysviUe  to  Lexington,  from  Lexington 
through  Frankfort  to  Louisville,  from 
Frankfort  or  Louisville  toward  Nashville, 
and  other  roads  ;  and  that  the  dividends 
from  these  roads  "  be  forever  sacredly  de- 
voted to  the  interests  of  education." 

Dec.  14 — Ohio  river  lower  than  ever 
known  at  this  season. 

Dec.  20— John  Trimble  and  Rezin  Da- 
vidge,  of  the  new  court  judges,  resign ; 
and  the  governor  and  senate  appoint 
Frederick  W.  S.  Grayson  and  Robert  P. 
Henry  to  fill  the  vacancies.  Mr.  Grayson 
refused  the  position,  and  in  April,  1826, 
the  Governor  appointed  James  D.  Breck- 
inridge, of  Louisville,  who  also  declining, 
John  T.  Johnson,  of  Scott,  was  appointed, 
and  took  his  seat  on  the  bench.  As  lately 
as  April  5,  1826,  Mr.  Henry  (who  was  a 
member  of  congress,  and  in  his  seat  when 
congress  adjourned,  May  22)  had  not  been 
officially  notified  of  his  appointment;  and 
died  Aug.  23,  1826,  without  accepting  or 
acting  as  appellate  judge. 

Dec.  30 — Act  establishing  the  new  court 
of  appeals  repealed,  notwithstanding  the 
f  Gov.  Desha,  by  yeas    22,  nays  "" 


the 


66,  nays  43  i 


the 


house.  [Among  the  latter 
John  Trimble,  late  one  of  the  new  court 
judges.]  The  act  recites,  in  substance, 
that  the  old  court  judges  could  only  be  re- 
moved by  impeachment  or  address,  not  by 
legislative  act  abolishing  or  reorganizing 
the  court ;  that  the  people,  at  two  suc- 
cessive elections,  had  decided  the  reorgan- 
izing acts  to  be  dangerous  violations  of  the 
constitution  ;  and  the  present  legislature 
concur  most  solemnly  in  the  belief  of  the 
uneonatitutionality  and  evil  tendency  of 
said  acts  ;  that  John  Boyle  (until  he  re- 
signed to  become  U.  S.  judge)  and  Wm. 
Owsley  and  Benj  Mills  were  and  are  now 
rightful  and  constitutional  judges  of  said 
court.  The  act  revives,  re-enacts,  and  de- 
clares to  be  in  full  force  every  law  which 
was  repealed,  or  changed,  or  intended  to 
be  repealed  by  the  said  reorganizing  acts. 
1827,  Jan.  1— Francis  Preston  Blair, 
clerk  of  the  "  new  court,"  in  response  to 
an  order  of  the  old  court  of  appeals,  de- 
livers over  to  their  clerk  the  books,  records 
and  papers  in  his  custody The  "  Ken- 
tucky Reporter"  newspaper  at  Lexington, 
begins  a  semi-weekly  issue,  in  addition  to 


34 


ANXALS    OF    KENTCCKY. 


its  weekly Upwards  of  70,000  Ken- 
tucky hogs  driven  out  of  tte  state  througli 
Cumberland  Gap,  and  about  40,000  by  the 
Kanhawa    route,   this     season ;     will   net 

$660,000 Ohio    river    very   low,  and 

frozen  over  ;    thermometer  4°   below  zero 

Steam  Oil  mill  of  Geo.  &  Amos  Cor- 

wine,  at  Maysville,  makes  40  gallons  per 

day  of  linseed  oil 4 — George  M.  Bibb 

nominated  chief  justice  of  Kentucky,  vice 
John  Boyle  resigned  ;  the  senate  confirms 
the  appointment,  21  to  17,  (five  "old court" 

members  voting   for   it) 6 — Trustees 

of  certain  seminaries  authorized  to  sell 
lands,  and  with  the  proceeds  erect  semina- 
ry-buildings, and  apply  any  surplus  to 
purchasing  libraries 12 — After  un- 
successful efforts  to  remove  the  capital  to 
Lexington,  Louisville,  Shelbyville,  Har- 
rodsburg,  or  some  other  point  within  25 
miles  of  the  center  of  the  state,  the  legisla- 
ture   appropriates   $20,000    for  rebuilding 

the  state-house  at  Frankfort House 

defeats  a  bill  requiring  the  new  court 
judges — those  "  pretending  to  be  judges, 
by  virtue  of"  certain  acts— to  refund  the 
sums  drawn  from  the  public  treasury  by 
way  of  salary,  and  suit  to  be  brought  to 
compel  same,  viz  :  Wm.  T.  Barry,  James 
Haggin  and  John  Trimble  each  $1312, 
and  Rezin  Davidge  $1175,  the  sergeant 
Richard  Taylor  $161,  and  reporter  Thos. 
B.  Monroe  $373 18— Dr.  HoUey  re- 
signs the  presidency  of  Transylvania  Uni- 
versity  22 — Maysville  and  Lexing- 
ton turnpike  road  company  incorporated  ; 
right  reserved  for  the  U.  S.  government 
and  the  state  of  Kentucky  each  to  sub- 
scribe $100,000  of  stock 24 — Lands  of 

Simon  Kenton,  hitherto  forfeited  for  non- 
payment of  taxes,  released    to  him,    and 

taxes  remitted  to  him  by  the  state 

Certain  relief  laws  repealed 30— Ice 

in  Ohio  river  breaks  up,  after  forming  a 
perfect  bridge  for  nearly  five  weeks. 

Feb.  1 — Prices  of  country  produce  at 
Maysville  :  Bacon  3@3K  cents  per  pound; 
butter  9@12c.;  feathers  20@25c.;  tallow 
6@7c.;  corn  14@16c.  per  bushel  ;  corn 
meal  17@20c.;  potatoes  25@30c.;  flour 
$3@3  60  per  barrel :  hemp  $6  50@7  00 
per  ton;  whisky,  new,  16@18c.;  old  27® 
30c.  per  gallon  ;  coffee  19@20c.  per  pound  ; 
sugar  8@9c.  for  maple,  and  10@12c.  for 
New  Orleans. 

Great  excitement  in  Mason,  Bracken 
and  Lewis  counties,  caused  by  the  Ka- 
nawha salt  monopoly  of  Armstrongs,  Grant 
&  Co. — a  company  of  Maysville  merchants, 
AVm.  Armstrong,  Johnston  Armstrong, 
James  Armstrong,  Peter  Grant,  (uncle  of 
President  U.  S.  Grant,)  James  Hewitt, 
and  Gilbert  Adams,  who  contract  for  all 
the  salt  made  at  the  Kanawha  works,  and 
advance  the  price  (then  30  cents)  to  50 
cents  per  bushel.  John  Armstrong,  an- 
other merchant,  is  included  in  the  indigna- 
tion felt,  because  he  aided  in  furnishing 
capital  and  otherwise  assisted  the  monop- 
oly. Large  public  meetings,  at  Augusta, 
Maysville,  Washington,  Mayslick,  Ger- 
mantown  and  other  points,  pass  denuncia- 


tory resolutions,  decline  to  buy  or  use  Ka- 
nawha salt,  and  begin  arrangements  for 
supplies  of  Conemaugh,  Onondaga,  and 
Turks'  Island  salt. 

Feb.  24— Geo.  McDuffie,  of  South  Car- 
olina, challenges  Gen.  Thos.  Metcalfe,  of 
Ky.,  both  members  of  congress,  and  at 
Washington  city,  to  fight  a  duel,  for  of- 
fensive language  used  in  a  newspaper  ar- 
ticle.   Metcalfe  accepts,  naming  rifles  as  the 


qjons 


;  90  feet.      McDuffie  refus* 


fight  with  rifles,  and  proposes  pistols.  Met- 
calfe will  not  yield  his  right  as  the  chal- 
lenged party  to  name  the  terms,  and  Mc- 
Duffie drops  the  matter.  James  Clark,  also 
a  representative  in  congress,  was  Metcalfe's 
second  ;  Metcalfe  was  elected  governor  of 
Kentucky  in  1828,  and  Clark     in  1836. 

The  census  of  Cincinnati,  taken  late  in 
1826,  shows  a  population  of  16,230;  in  1824, 
12,016;  in  1819,  10,283;  in  1813,4,000; 
and  in  1810,  2,320. 

May — Grand  jury  of  Simpson  county 
finds  a  true  bill  against  C.  M.  Smith,  of 
Tennessee,  for  murder,  in  killing  Mr. 
Brank,  of  Tennessee,  in  a  duel  in  that 
county,  March  23,  1827.  Also  one  against 
Gen.  Sam.  Houston,  of  Tennessee,  for 
shooting  with  intent  to  kill  Gen.  White,  in 
a  duel,  in  that  county.  Gov.  Desha  is- 
sues a  requisition  for  them,  to  the  gov- 
ernor of  Tennessee. 

May  7— Death  of  Rev.  Samuel  K.  Nel- 
son, of  Danville,  at  Tallahassee,  Florida, 
whither  he  had  gone  to  locate  the  lands 
donated  by  congress  to  the  Kentucky  deaf 
and  dumb  asylum  at  Danville. 

May  17 — Three  coronse,  haloes,  or  cir- 
cles around  the  sun,  visible  for  several 
hours,  remarkable  for  their  size,  prismatic 
colors,  and  brilliancy. 

June  1— Steamboat  Tecumseh  arrives  at 
Louisville  in  eight  days,  two  hours  and  ten 
minutes  from  New  Orleans  ;  the  quickest 
trip  yet  made,  and  bringing  newspapers  14 
days  later  than  received  by  mail. 

June  9 — Steamboat  Lexington  (owned 
in  Georgetown,  Ky.,)  arrives  at  Louisville 
from  New  Orleans  in  eight  days  and  twen- 
ty-one hours — the  third  quickest  trip  yet 
made. 

July  5— Two  slight  shocks  of  earth- 
quake, about  6  A.  M. 

July  16 — Public  dinner,  to  Henry  Clay, 
at  Paris,  attended  by  8,000  persons  ;  and, 
July  18,  one  at  Maysville,  attended  by 
2,500  persons. 

Dec.  1 — Rain  falls  nearly  every  day  for 
over  three  months,  up  to  March,  1828.  In 
40  days  prior  to  January  9,  there  were  but 
four  days  of  sun.  High  water  in  the  Ohio 
river,  about  five  feet  lower  than  the  highest 
known. 

1828,  Jan.— Henry  Clay  issues  an  "ad- 
dress to  the  public,  containing  certain  tes- 
timonials in  refutation  of  the  charges 
against  him,  made  by  Gen.  Andrew  Jack- 
son, touching  the  late  Presidential  elec- 
tion."    8vo.,  pp.  60. 

Feb.  9 — Ratio  of  representation  for  en- 
suing four  years  fixed  at  834  votes.  Bour- 
bon, Fayette,  Jefferson,  Madison,  Mercer, 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


35 


Shelby,  and  Washington  have  each   three 

representatives II— Legislature  offers 

$500  reward  for  the  discovery  of  the  cause 
of,  and  a  specific  cure  for,  milk  sicljness 
12—120,000  appropriated  to  com- 
plete the  new  eapitol 13— Louisville 

incorporated  as  a  city. 

March    3— $400,000   of    Coi 

bank  notes  burned 9— Three  shocks  of 

an  earthquake  felt  at  Maysville ;  at 
between  11  and  12,  and  between  12 
o'clock,  at  night;  the  second  thi 
in  that  region  since  1812. 

April   4 — In   northern  Kentucky    snow 

fellovertwo  inches  deep 6— Another 

fall  of  snow  13^  inches. 

May— Rev.  Frederick  A.  Ross  and  Rev. 
James  Gallagher  travel  all  over  Kentucky 
and  southern  Ohio,  as  evangelists  or  re- 
vival preachers  (Presbyterians) ;  great  re- 
ligious excitement  wherever  they  labor. 

Five  hundred  additions,  within  one 
month,  to  the  two  Presbyterian  churches 
in  Lexington. 

Aug.  4_Vote  for  governor,  Gen.  Thos. 
Metcalfe  38,940,  Maj.  Wm.  T.  Barry  48,- 
231 ;  for  lieutenant  governor,  Joseph  R. 
Underwood  36,454,  John  Breathitt  37,541  ; 
Metcalfe  and  Breathitt  elected.  Metcalfe 
and  Underwood  were  the  administration  or 
Adams  candidates,  Barry  and  Breathitt 
the  Jackson  candidates. 

Sept — Geo.  Robertson  appointed  secre- 
tary of  state. 

Nov.  5— Official  vote  of  Kentucky  for 
president :  Andrew  Jackson  39,394,  John 
"■— cy  Adams  31,460  ;  Jackson's  majority 


7,934 

Dec.  5— Wm.  Owsley  and  Benj.  Mills 
resign  their  seats  as  judges  of  the  court  of 
appeals  ;  they  had  forwarded  their  resig- 
nations several  months  previously,  which 
were  withheld  from  the  governor,  and  they 
were  persuaded  to  act  on  until  the  meeting 
of  the  legislature.     Dec.  8,  Gov.  Metcalfe 


20., 


rejects 


re-appoints  them,  but  the  s 
the  nominations,  by  ayes  18, ; 
19— George  Robertson  and  Joseph  R.  Un- 
derwood appointed  judges  of  the  court  of 
appeals,  and  confirmed  by  the  senate,  by  a 
vote  of  21  to  17  for  the  former,  and  30  to  8 

for   the   latter 23— George    M.    Bibb 

elected  U.  S.  senator  for  six  years  from 
March  4, 1829,  when  Richard  M.  Johnson's 
term  expires;  Bibb  80,  Burr  Harrison  53. 

1829,  Jan.  2— President  Adams  nomi- 
nates John  J.  Crittenden  an  associate  just- 
ice of  the  U.  S.  supreme  court,  vice  Robert 
Tnmble,  deceased ;  but  the  senate,  Feb. 
18,  rejects  the  nomination. 

Jan.  14 — George  Robertson  nominated 
as  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  appeals  ;  but 

rejected  by  the  senate,  18  to  19 19 

Richard  A.  Buckner  nominated  to  the  same 
office  ;  also  rejected  by  the  senate,  18  to  19 

23— John  J.  Marshall  nominated  as 

chief  justice,   but  rejected  by  the  senate, 

1"  t?   21 28— Joseph  R.   Underwood 

nominated  chief  justice  ;  rejected,  16  to  21. 
[These  objections  were  upon  politicai 
grounds  only.] 

Jan.    29— $20,000    additional  appropri- 


ated to  finish  the  eapitol Companies 

chartered  to  build  bridges  over  the  Ohio 
river  at  Louisville,  and  between  Covington 
or  Newport  and  Cincinnati. 

Jan.  29 — Senators  and  representatives 
in  congress  requested  to  procure  the  pass- 
age of  a  law  appropriating  public  lands  to 
Kentucky,  to  be  disposed  of  for  establish- 
ing a  system  of  public  schools Tax 

assessors  required  to  ascertain  the  number 
of  children  over  four  and  under  fifteen 
years,  and  the  number  at  school,  with  a 
view  to  adopt  some  plan  for  general  edu- 
cation  Rev.    Alva    Woods    and   Rov. 

Benjamin  0.  Peers,  two  distinguished  ed- 
ucators, requested  to  communicate  any  in- 
formation which  would  aid  the  legislature 
in  selecting  and  adopting  the  best  system 
of  common  schools  for  the  state  of  Ken- 
tucky. 

Feb.  11— $300,000  of  Commonwealth 
bank  notes  burnt  at  Frankfort,  by  order  of 
the  legislature. 

March  9— Chas.  Wickliffe  is  refused  the 
author's  name  of  a  communication  in  the 
Kentucky  Gazette,  at  Lexington,  when  an 
altercation  ensues  and  he  shoots  the  editor. 


Mr.    Be 


with 


pistol,   causing   his 


late  U. 
city,  previi 


y^ 


death  next  day. 

March  14— Public  dinner  to  Henry  Clay, 
etary  of  state,  at  Washington 
to  his  departure  for  his  res- 
juencein  Kentucky. 

May  10 — Destruction  by  fire  of  the  prin- 
cipal building  or  '-'college  proper"  of 
Transylvania  university,  at  Lexington, 
with  the  law  library,  libraries  of  the  two 
societies,  part  of  the  philosophical  app 
ratus,  &c.  Loss  $40,000,  with  $10,0"  "  ' 
surance. 

June  10— U,  S.  government  contracts  for 
removing  the  obstructions  in  the  Ohio  river, 
at  the  Grand  Chain,  400  feet  long. 

Sept.  17 — Louisville  branch  of  the  Com- 
monwealth bank  robbed  of  $25,000  ;  $2,500 
reward  offered,  but  no  clue  ever  discovered 
to  robber  or  money. 

Oct.  9 — The  court  of  appeals,  in  the  case 
of  the  trustees  of  Maysville  vs.  Boone,  de- 
cide that  the  exclusive  ferry  right  across 
the  Ohio  river  at  Maysville  is  vested  in 
the  trustees  of  that  town. 

George  James  Trotter,  editor  of  the  Ken- 
tucky Gazette,  at  Lexington,  kills  Chas. 
Wickliffe  in  a  duel,  near  the  Scott  county 
line  ;  parties  fight  at  eight  feet  distance. 

Dec.  15 — Company  chartered  for  manu- 
facturing queensware  and  china  at  Louis- 
ville. 

Dec.  16 — George  Robertson  again  nomi- 
nated as  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  ap- 
peals ;  confirmed  by  the  senate,  22   to  15 

Richard  A.  Buckner  nominated  and 

d  judge   of  court  of  appeals,    22 


to  13. 


1830,  Jan,  19 — Steamboat  Phoebus,  Davis 
ubree    master,    establishes  a  tri-weekly 
Maysville  and  Cin- 


packet  trade  betwi 
cinnati. 

Jan,  27 — Company  chartered  to  erect  a 
bridge  across  the  Licking  river,  between 
Newport    and    Covington Company 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


chartered  to  build  a  railroad  from  Lex 
ton  to  one  or  more  points  on  the  Ohio  ri 
capital  $1,000,000. 

Jan.  29— Louisville  allowed  a  separate 
representation  in  the  house  of  representa- 
tives  Common    school    law  enacted; 

allows  county  courts  to  divide  their  coun- 
ties into  school  districts ;  three  commis- 
sioners to  be  elected  in  each  district,  who 
may  call  meetings  of  the  people  of  the  dis- 
trict to  designate  a  site  for  a  school 
house,  and  levy  and  collect  a  school  tax 
of  not  over  6%  cents  on  the  $100,  and 
a  poll  tax  on  voters  of  not  over  50  cents. 

Feb.  1— Thermometer  4B°  above  zero 
at  noon  ;  falls  by  sunrise  next  morning 
42K°,  to  3K°  above  zero,  and  Ohio  river 
freezes  over,  remaining  closed  five  days. 

17 — Temperance  society    formed    at 

Augusta,  "to  use  all  prudent  means 
against  the  use  of  ardent  spirits  and  wine, 
except  for  medicine  or  wine  on  sacramental 
occasions,  and  refuses  to  support  candi- 
dates for  ofiBce  who  use  ardent  spirits  for 
electioneering  purposes,  or  are  themselves 
addicted  to  their  intemperate  use. 

March — A  model  of  a  railway,  locomo- 
tive steam  engine,  and  car,  constructed  by 
Joseph  Bruen  of  Lexington,  is  exhibited 
in  Frankfort,  and  the  belief  created  that 
carriages  and  heavy  loads  could  be  drawn 
as  easily  and  certainly  by  steam  power  as 
boats  could  be  propelled  by  the  same 
power. 

April — Great  enthusiasm  in  favor  of  the 
Maysville,  Washington,  Paris  and  Lexing- 
ton turnpike  road  company  ;  $30,500  stock 
subscribed  at  Paris,  $13,000  at  Lexington, 
$5,200  at  Millersburg,  $8,000  in  Nicholas 
county,  and  $10,300  at  Maysville  beside 
•what  the  latter  had  already  done  in  build- 
ing the  road  as  far  as  Washington. 

Louisville  Daily  Journal  established,  by 
Geo.  D.  Prentice  &  Buxton. 

Surveys  for  the  proposed  railroad  from 
Lexington  to  Louisville  show  that  the 
streets  of  Frankfort  are  430  feet  lower  than 
Lexington,  about  200  feet  of  this  eleva- 
tion occurring  within  two  miles  of  Frank- 
fort. 

May  15— The  bill  aaithorizing  a  sub- 
scription of  $150,000  stock  in  the  Mays- 
ville and    Lexington  turnpike  road   com- 


pany pass 


theU.  S. 


by  24  to  18 


John  Rowan,  Daniel  Webster, 
and  Josiah  Stoddard  Johnston,  speaking 
and  voting  for  it,  and  Geo.  M.  Bibb  against 
it.  It  had  passed  the  U.  S.  house  of  rep- 
resentatives, April  29,  by  ayes  102,  noes 
84.  The  south,  outside  of  Kentucky,  ex- 
cept one  senator,  vote.s  against  it. 

May  27— Gen.  Jackson  vetoes  the  Mays- 
ville and  Lexington  turnpike  road  bill, 
mainly  on  the  ground  of  expediency.  Great 
feeling,  and  several  public  meetings,  in 
northern  Ky.  in  consequence. 

June  4 — 155  steamboat  arrivals  at  Mays- 
ville since  May  1. 

Population  of  Kentucky  687,917  — an 
increase  of  22  percent  in  10  years  ;  whites 
517,787,  free  colored  4,917,  and  slaves  165,- 
213— an  increase  of  slaves  of  30^3  per  cent 


Aug.  2— John  Reizer,  a  native  of  Hol- 
land, and  a  soldier  in  Wayne's  army  in 
1794,  dies  in  Mason  county,  aged  115 
years.  He  refused  to  eat,  in  his  last  days, 
and  lived  between  30  and  40  days  without 
eating  one  ounce  of  victuals,  retaining  his 
senses  and  strength   remarkably  until  his 

Aug.  3 — The  mechanics  give  a  public 
dinner  to  Henry  Clay,  at  the  Appollonian 
garden,  in  Cincinnati. 

1831,  Jan.  4,  5,  6— Fifteen  ballots,  on 
three  days,  for  U.  S.  senator,  when  the 
election  is  postponed  to  next  session.  The 
highest  votes  respectively  were,  for  John 
J.  Crittenden  68,  Richard  M.  Johnson  64, 
Charles  A.  Wickliffe  49,  John  Breathitt 
66. 

Jnn.  15— State  subscription  of  $50,000  to 
the  Maysville  and  Lexington  turnpike 
company. 

May  10 — Severe  hail-storm,  through 
parts  of  Mason,  Bourbon  and  other  coun- 
ties :  some  hailstones  two  to  three  inches 
in  circumference. 

BJay  14 — Lexington  Observer  newspa- 
per established,  by  Edwin  Bryant  and  N. 
L.  Finnell. 

July  22— Tremendous  rainstorm  in 
northern  Ky. ;  great  damage  to  towns, 
farms,  mills,  tanneries,  and  roads. 

Aug.— Lewis  V.  Wernwag,  of  Harper's 
Ferry,  Va.,  contracts  to  build  the  bridges 
of  the  Maysville  and  Lexington  turnpike 
road,  with  one  arch  each  ;  those  over  John- 
son and  Elkhorn  creeks,  78  and  60  feet 
spans,  with  single  passway,  @  $14  per  foot 
lineal,  and  those  over  North  Fork  and 
Hinkston,  80  and  120  feet  spans,  @  $21 
and  $29. 

Sept.  8— Gov.  Metcalfe  issues  his  proc- 
lamation, convening  the  legislature  Nov. 
7,  one  month  earlier  than  usual,  to  elect  a 
U.  S.  s&nator  in  place  of  Judge  Rowan, 
whose  term  expired  March  4,  1831. 

Sept.  16- Curators  of  the  Louisville  Ly- 
ceum send  to  Gov.  Metcalfe  $100,  to  be 
paid  as  a  premium  for  "  the  best  theory  of 
education,  to  be  illustrated  by  the  exami- 
nation of  two  or  more  pupils  who  have 
been    instructed   in    accordance    with    its 

Oct.  22— First  rail  stone  of  the  Lexing- 
ton and  Ohio  railroad  laid  at  Lexington, 
with  great  ceremony,  in  the  presence  of  a 
large  concourse  of  citizens  and  strangers. 

Nov.  8 — Steam  ferry-boat  explosion  at 
Louisville  ;  four  persons  killed. 

Nov.  10— Henry  Clay  elected  U.  S.  sen- 
ator, receiving  73  votes,  to  64  for  Rich- 
ard M.  Johnson, 

Dec.  2 — Three-district  system  abolished, 
and  electors  for  U.  S.  president  and  vice- 
president  hereafter  to  be  elected  by  gen- 
eral ticket 7  —  Lexington  incorpor- 
ated as  a  city 22 — Lien  law  passed, 

for  benefit  of  mechanics  of  Louisville 

Ratio  of  representation  in   the   house,  for 

next  four  years,  fixed  at  954  voters 

23 — Legislature,  to   encourage   the  publi- 

■  n  of  Pirtle's  Digest  of  the  decisions  of 
court    of  appeals,  subscribes    for  500 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


copies  @  18  75  each  ($4,380  in  all)— to  be 
paid  for  upon  delivery  to  the  secretary  of 
state. 

Dec.  11— Ohio  river  frozen  over,  and  re- 
mains so  untiljan.  8,  1832;  9  steamboats, 
3  at  Cincinnati  and  6  above,  destroyed  or 
greatly  injured  by  the  breaking  up  of  the 
ice  ;  loss  estimated  at  $500,000. 

Deo.  19— Cincinnati  water  works  burnt ; 
great  distress  for  want  of  water. 

Dec.  31 — 406  steamboats  and  421  flat 
and  keel  boats,  76,323  tons,  passed  through 
the  Louisville  and  Portland  canal,  since 
Jan.  1,  1831,  paying  $12,750  toll. 

1832,  Jan.  — James  Guthrie,  Samuel 
Gwathmey  and  Dan.  McAlister,  from  Lou- 
isville, visit  Indianapolis,  and  secure  the 
incorporation,  by  the  Indiana  legislature, 
of  a  company  to  construct  a  permanent 
bridge  across  the  Ohio,  at  the  falls  ;  a 
similar  charter  had  recently  passed  the 
Ky.  legislature. 

Feb.  9— Greatest  flood  ever  known  in  the 
Ohio  river  ;  many  of  the   towns  entirely, 


Dec.    31 — 453    steamboats   and  179   flat 
and  keel  boats,  70,109  tons,  passed  through 
since 


le    and   Portland 
paying  $25,756  toll: 
31 — Maysville  incorporated  ! 


and  large  portions  of  all  of  them  partially^ 

ed,   driving  the  inhabitants  from 

ny 


submerge 


ad  drownii  _ 
stables,  barns,  ( 


dwelling  housi 

and  grainstacks  carried  off,  

loss  of  fencing,  saw  logs,  plank,  horses^ 
cattle,  hogs,  sheep,  corn,  hay,  etc.  Feb. 
17,  the  river  reached  its  greatest  height  at 
Maysville,  but  not  until  the  21st  at  Louis- 
ville. 

Feb.  22  —  Centennial  anniversary  of 
Washington's  birth  celebrated  with  great 
interest,  all  over  Ky. 

April  —  Consolidation  of  two  leading 
newspapers  at  Lexington,  as  the  "Lexing- 
ton  Observer   and    Kentucky    Keporter." 

9 — Burning  of  the  steamboat  Bran- 

dywine,  25  miles  above  Memphis,  bound 
for  Louisville  ;  61  lives,  a  number  of  them 
Kentuckians,  known  to  be  lost. 

June  2— Steamboat  Hornet  capsized  in 
a  gale  of  wind,  in  the  Ohio  river  near 
Vanceburg  ;  16  persons  drowned. 

July  23— Steamboat  Phoebus,  the  Mays- 
ville and  Cincinnati  packet,  set  fire  to  and 
destroyed  at  the  Cincinnati  wharf:  4  lives 
lost. 

Aug.  8  — Vote  for  governor:  John 
Breathitt  40,715,  Richard  A.  Buckner  39  - 
473— maj.  1,242;  for  lieutenant  governor, 
James  T.  Morehead  40,073,  Benj.  Taylor 
37,491— maj.  2,682.  Breathitt  and  Taylor 
were  the  "Jackson,"  and  Buckner  .ind 
Morehead  the  "  Clay  "  candidates. 

Aug.  18— Observed,  by  Gov.  Metcalfe's 
proclamation,  as  a  day  of  humiliation  and 
prayer,  in  view  of  the  approach  of  the 
cholera. 

Oct.— Asiatic  cholera  visits  Louisville 
Lexington,  Frankfort,  Maysville  and  other 
towns,  generally  very  lightly  in  the  num- 
ber of  Its  victims. 

Nov.  7— Vote  for  president  and  vice- 
president  in  Ky. :  Henry  Clay  and  John 
Sergeant  43,449,  Andrew  Jackson  and 
Martin  Van  Buren  36,290— majority  7,159; 
to  which  add  165,  Clay's  majority  in  Jes- 
samine county,  not  reported. 


the   Lou 
^n.  1,  183: 
1833,  Jan 
=ily. 

Feb.   2— Louisville  Bank   of   Kentucky 
"tered $50,000    additional    sub- 
scribed by  the  state  in  the  Maysville  and 

Lexington   turnpike  road   company 

The  importation  of  slaves  prohibited,  ex" 
cept  by  hoimfide  emigrants,  or  where  they 

are  willed  to  or  inherited  by  residents 

The  legislature  adopts  resolutions  in  favor 
of  the  Union,  and  condemning  the  nullifi- 
cation acts  of  South  Carolina Severe 

law    against    gambling Legislature 

hereafter  meets  on  the  last  day  of  Decem- 
ber, instead.of  the  first  Monday. 

Pirtle's  Digest  of  the  decisions  of  the 
court  of  appeals  issued. 

Benefits  of  the  "  Education  farm,"  es- 
tablished in  connection  with  Centre  Col- 
lege, (to  assist  candidates  for  the  minis- 
try through  their  college  course,  two 
hours  labor  per  day  reducing  the  cost  to 
$60  per  annum)  extended  to  other  stu- 
dents. 

March— The  bill  offered  by  Henry  Clay, 
to  graduate  the  price  of  the  public  lands^ 
passes  both  houses  of  Congress,  but  is  ve- 
toed   by   President  Jackson 3— Mr. 

Clay's  compromise  tariff  bill  passes  the  u! 
S.  senate  by  29  to  16  and  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives bv  149  to  48. 

March  22_$1,150,000  stock  in  the  Lou- 
isville bank  subscribed  in  four  days,  two- 
thirds  of  it  by  eastern  capitalists Ken- 
tucky colonization  society  sends  from 
Louisville  to  Liberia  102  manumitted 
slaves,  from  Logan,  Adair,  Bourbon,  Fay- 
nf  _._|j  o(jjj,^  counties;  paying 
gAjax 


$2,300  for  their   passage  in 
from  New  Orleans,  April  20, 

April— Steam  paper  mill  established  at 
Maysville.  Eight  i.aper  mills  upon  Elk- 
horn,  within  10  miles  of  Frankfort 

9  — Frankfort  Commonwealth  newspaper 
estnblished  ;  Albert  G.  Hodges  publisher. 
April  —Great  fire  at  Maysville. 
April  13— The  celebrated  Indian  chief 
Black  Hawk  (67  years  of  age),  the  prophet 
Neopope,  Black  Hawk's  son,  a  young  Fox 
chief,  and  a  Sac  chief,  pass  up  the  Ohio 
river,  on  the  steamer  Lady  Byron,  bound 
for  Fortress  Monroe— where  they  are  do- 
tained  until  June,  hostages  for  the  good 
faith  and  peace  of  their  people,  defeated 
m  the  Indian  war  in  Iowa,  last  year. 

May  16  — Benjamin  B.  Prichard,  of 
Montgomery  county,  leaves  home  in  search 
of  a  physician  who  can  relieve  him  of  su- 
perabundant flesh.  He  is  42  years  old,  6 
feet  one  inch  high,  and  weighs 483  pounds  ; 
his  health  is  good  ;  he  is  quite  communi- 
cative and  intelligent. 

May  30  to  Aug.  1— The  Asiatic  cholera 
Isreaks  out  at  Maysville,  and  spreads  rap- 
idly through  the  state  ;  consternation  and 
mourning  everywhere.  In  Maysville  67 
deaths,  and  about  60  in  Mason  county.  In 
Flemingsburg  66,  (47  whites,  19   blacks), 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


ElizaviUe    and    vicinity  21  ;    in    Fleming 
county  wliolo    families  (12  in   one,  lU    in 
another)    were    eat    off  within   48   hours, 
and  eonsigned  to  one  common  grave  w,th_ 
out  windinff  sheet  or  coffin.     In  Pans  i3 
del,rr«  whites,    33    blacks),   Millers - 
burg  78,  CenterviUe  16,  and  many  more  in 
Bourbon  county,  19  in  one  family.  In  Lex- 
fn^ton,  from  June  1  to  Aug.  1,  602  deaths 
(272  whites,  232  blacks),  of  which  twenty- 
five  were  at  the  Lunatic  Asylum.  In  F™°k- 
fort  54.     In  Georgetown   48,  and  in  Scott 
county    16    in   one  family.        In    Cynthi- 
ana   and   vicinity   47.     In    Mountsterling 
and  Montgomery  county  36.     In  Lancas- 
ter and  neighborhood  120.     In  Lnwiencc- 
burgh  and  Anderson  county  89.  In  Spring- 
field   80.     In    Greensburg   41.     In  Salem, 
Livinsston    county,    17.       In    Bardstown 
and  Nelson    county  40.      In    Danville  20 
in  one  week.    In  Harrodsburg  18.      Other 
places    were    similarly    scourged ;     Lou- 
isville   so   lightly  that  the  people       hard- 
ly   knew    of    its  presence."     Many  points 
were  devastated  that  were  spared  in  1832. 
Over   1500   persons  were   prostrated   with 
it  in    Lexington,  in    nine  days    after  its 
appearance  ;  some  days,  as  many  as  fifty 
deaths.     76  letters  of  administration  were 
granted  at  the  Sept.  term  of  the    Bourbon 
county  court,  and  more  in   Mason  county 
than  in  the  previous  12  months. 

June  21— Steamboats  Rambler,  Sentinel, 

and  Delphine  burnt  at  the  Louisville  wharf. 

Aug   21— Kobert  P.  Letcher  receives  44 

majority  for  congress,  in  the  Danville  dis- 


trict,  over    Thos.    P.   Moore;    but   Alfred 
Hooker,  the  sheriff  of  Lincoln  county,  car- 
ries off  the  pofl  books  of  that  county,  which 
gave  149  majority  for  Letcher  ;  and  the  re- 
maining sheriffs  give  the  certificate  of  elec- 
tion to  Moore.  .      1 
Aue.   23— Personal  rencontre,  with  pis- 
tols   in  Louisville,  between  Geo.  D.  Pren- 
tice! editor  of  the  Journal  and  Focus,  and 
Geo.    James    Trotter,  editor  of    the  Ken- 
tucky Gazette,    Lexington;    neither   ma- 
terially injured.                         .     .         ,  e 
Sept.  16— Kentucky  Association  show  of 
fine  stock,  at  Lexington  ;  the  judges,  Hen- 
rv   Clay,    Jacob  Hughes,  Wm.   P.   Hume, 
James  Reniek,  and  Isaac  Vanmeter,  award 
16  premiums.                        _                   .,     ^ 
Oct.  5— Rev.  Benj.  0.  Peers,  president 
of  Transylvania  University,  travels    over 
part  of  the  state,  delivering   addresses   at 
jjanville,  Lancaster  Harrodsburg,  Nichol- 
asviUe,  and  other  places,  on  popular  educa- 
tion, and  stirring  up  an  interest  in  the  cause, 
jjov.   6 — 51   teachers,  from  18  counties, 
attend  the  Teachers'  Convention   at  Lex- 
ington, organize  "  the  Kentucky  Associa- 
tion of  professional  teachers      with   wann 
Butler  (the    historian)   as   president,    and 
appoint  one  to  three  influential  gentlemen 
in  each  county  "  to  promote  the  interests 
of  education"  therein.     The  next  day,  a 
general  education  convention  was  held  in 
Lexington,  145   delegates  present,  among 
them  many  of  the  most  able  and  influen- 
tial men  in  the  state.     A    great   impetus 
was  given  to  the  cause. 


Nov  13— Showers  of  shooting  stars  or 
small  meteors,  from  11  o'clock  on  Tuesday 
nieht  12th,  to  broad  daylight.  Many  fell 
directly  to  the  earth,  others  obliquely  or 
aslant,  still  others  shot  in  a  parallel  direc- 
tion until  their  explosion  without  noise  i 
some  made  long  streaks  of  light  like  nee- 
dles Many  persons  described  the  scene  as 
a  storm  of' fire,  others  as  snowflakes  or 
trains   of 'fire— the  whole  grand,  sublime, 

""dcc'i- Medical   college   established  at 
Louisville,   under  the   charter  granted  to 
Centre    College,    at    D'"';'"'',—;;-"^,'^ 
falls   for    two   days,    to    'ho/ep  ,h    o^f   ^^ 
inches,  in  northern   Ky.,  and  still   deeper 
towards    Virginia;    in  St.aunton,  Va.,     it 
was  3  feet  deep,  the  weight  of  snow  break- 
ing down   many  barns  and    sheds.........31 

—875  steamboats  and  710  flat  and  keel 
boats,  169,SS5  tons,  pay  *60  737  toll  for 
passing  through  the  Louisville  and  Port- 
ii.iid  ri\nn\  since  Jan.  1,  lb.30. 

1834  Jin  l-On  the  16th  ballot.  Col. 
Richard  B.  New  is  elected  speaker  of  the 
hou«e  of  representatives  over  Col.  Leslie 

Sombs,    56 'to    38 Gov.    Breathitt's 

messa-e  recommends  the  establishment  of 
a  Stat?  bank,  with  four  or  five  branches, 
and  specie  capital  of  $4,000,000,  of  which 
the  state  to  take  two-thirds.  He  says, 
about  another  matter  :  e    t.\, 

"  In  looking  into  the  archives  ot  tne 
state,  I  regret  that  many  important  docu- 
ments in  relation  to  the  political  history  of 
the  Commonwealth  are  not  to  be  found.  It 
is  believed  that  many  have  never  been 
furnished  ;  indeed  some  of  them  have  never 
been  printed  ;  and  that  others  were  lost  in 
the  confla<'ration  of  the  Secretary  s  ofiice, 
some  twenty  years  ago.  Do  we  not  owe  it  to 
ourselves  and  to  posterity,  to  rescue  from 
the  oblivious  hand  of  time  important  pa- 
pers in  which  all  should  feel  an  interest  Y 
It  is  a  fact  not  generally  known,  that  the 
people  inhabiting  the  district  of  Ken'"<=ky 
had  many  meetings.  Convention  followed 
tion,  for  several    years  »"t""or  to 


the  final 


1  from  the 


!0fVi 


me  nnai  strijiii.n.i""  -•■' —  — 
ffinia  The  journ.als  of  those  conventions 
have  never  been  printed,  and  perhaps  but 
a  single  copy  remains  in  the  hands  of  a 
private  gentleman.  The  journal  of  the 
convention  of  1799,  which  formed  our  con- 
stitution, I  find,  also,  in  manuscript  _  We 
are  proud  of  the  name  of  Kentuekians. 
There  is  a  laudable  solicitude  to  know 
every  thing  in  respect  to  our  history. 
Those  "  pioneers  of  the  west  "  were  a  bold, 
patriotic,  enterprising,  and  liberal  peop  e. 
Let  us,  at  least,  perpetuate  their  public 
ts  in  some  durable  manner,  and  be  able 
furnish  a  complete  history  of  the  pro- 
ledings  of  the  various  public  assemblies 


,vith 


gove 


raid,  therefore,  suggest  the  propriety  of 
the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  make 
inquiries  into  the  matter  ;  and  that  yon 
direct  the  printing  of  such  documents  as 
may  bo  regarded  necessary  to  a  perpetua- 
tion of  our  political  history  as  a  state. 
The  senate  took  no  notice  of  the  recom- 


ANNALS  OF    KENTUCKY. 


39 


ndation  further  than  to  amend  and  con- 
in  a  resolution  from  the  house.  The 
ise  referred  **so  much  of  the  Governor's 
elates  to  historical  documents  " 
tea  select  committee:  Mortimer  R.  Wig- 
ginton,  of  the  city  of  Louisville,  Larj  An- 
derson, of  Jefferson,  John  J.  Marshall,  of 
Franklin  (son  of  the  historian  Humphrey 
Marshall),  and  Jefferson  Phelps,  of  Camp- 
bell ;  who  reported  the  following  resolu- 
tion, which  passed  both  houses,  and  was 
approved  by  the  governor,  Feb.  24,  1834  : 

**  Whereas,  it  is  represented  to  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Kentucky,  that  Mann  Butler,  Esq.,  is 
now  engaged  in  writing  a  History  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  that  the  Governor  has  recently 
obtained  possession  of  a  number  of  docu- 
ments relating  to  tlie  early  settlement  and 
legislation  of  the  country  :     Therefore, 

"lie  it  Resolved  bi/  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives,  That  the  Secretary  of 
State  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  required  to 
furnish  the  said  Butler  with  the  whole  or 
any  part  of  said  documents,  upon  the  s.aid 
Butler's  executing  his  bond,  in  the  penalty 
of  one  thousand  dollars,  payable  to  the 
Commonwealth  of  Kentucky,  conditioned 
to  return  the  documents  to  the  office  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  within  twelve  months 
from  the  date  of  said  bond." 

Jan.  9 — Kentucky  educational  conven- 
tion, with  delegates  from  58  counties,  meets 
at  Frankfort 14— Kentucky  legisla- 
tive  temperance   society  organized,    Gov. 

Breathitt   president 28  — Kentucky 

common  school  society  organized,  at  Frank- 
fort ;  president,  Gov.  Breathitt ;  vice  pres- 
idents, James  T.  Morehead,  Benj.  0.  Peers, 
John  C.  Young,  Henry  B.  Baseom,  Thos. 
Marshall,  Daniel  Breck,and  7  others  ;  cor- 
responding secretary,  Thornton  A.  Mills. 
28  — Death  of  Judge  John  Boyle. 

Feb.  1— The  great  pressure  in  the  money 
market  in  the  Atlantic  cities,  extending 
westward  ;  the  U.  S.  branch  banks  at  Cin- 
cinnati ordered  to  "call  in,"  during  this 
month,  $153,000,  that  at  Louisville  $226,- 
000,  and  that  at  Lexington  to  suspend  dis- 
counting entirely.  Prices  of  produce  fall 
33  to  40  per  ceiit.  (flour  from  $4  to  $3  and 
even  $2  50)  and  real  estate  50  per  cent. 
Much  gloom  and  despondence  j  money 
loaned  frequently  at  2)4  per  cent  per 
month.  Cause — removal  of  the  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment funds  or  deposits  from  the  U.  S. 
bank  and  branches,  by  order  of  President 
J.nckson,  and  his  war  upon  that  bank. 

Feb.  1— Legislature  contracts  with  Luke 
Munsell  for  200  copies  of  his  improved  Map 
of  Kentucky — yet  to  be  completed — at  $6 
each;  and  Feb.  8,  with  Charles  S.  More- 
head  and  Mason  Brown  for  2000  copies  of 
their  Digest  of  the  statute  laws  of  Ken- 
tucky—yet  to  be  completed— at  $9.62)4  for 

Feb.  13 — Rate  of  taxation  increased  from 
6M  cents  on  each  $100  of  taxable  property 
to  10  cents  ;  and  40  cents  tax  to  be  collect- 
ed on  each  share  of  stock  of  the  Louis- 
ville   Bank    of    Kentucky Company 

chartered  to  erect  the  Gait  House  at  Louis- 


ville  22— Act  passed  to  build  an  arse- 
nal, on  the  northeast  corner  of  the  public 

square  in  Frankfort Also,  to  establish 

the  Bank  of  Kentucky  at  Louisville,  with 
six  branches,  and  $5,000,000  capital;  the 
state  to  subscribe  for  $1,000,000  of  the 
stock  payable  in  5  per  cent  35  year  bonds 
(redeemable,  at  the  pleasure  of  the  state, 
after  30  years,)  and  $1,000,000  more,  pay- 
able by  the  bank  dividends  as  declared, 
unless  the  state  choose  to  pay  otherwise  ; 
the  annual  state  tax  to  be  not  less  than  25 

nor  more  than  50  cents  per  share 24 

— Covington  incorporated  as   a  city 

State  appropriations  for  sundry  turnpike 
companies,  and  to  improve  the  navigation 
of  Green,  Cumberland,  Muddy,  Rockcastle, 
Tradewater,  Big  Sandy,  Big  Barren,  No- 
lin.  Blood,  Licking,  and  Kentucky  rivers. 

Feb.  21— Death  of  the  governor,  John 
Breathitt,  from  pulmonary  consumption; 
his  remains  taken  to  Russellville  for  inter- 
ment  22— Lieut.-gov.  James  T.  More- 
head  takes  the  oath  of  ofiice  as  governor, 
and  James  Guthrie  is  elected  sneaker  of 
the  senate. 

March  24— The  first  lot  of  goods  from 
Philadelphia,  by  way  of  the  Pennsylvania 
canals  and  portage  railroad  over  the  Alle- 
gheny mountains,  reaches  Pittsburgh,  in 
13  days  from  Philadelphia;    and  in  three 

days   more    reaches    Maysville 31  — 

Steamer  Tuscarora,  Capt.  Edward  Carroll, 
reaches  Louisville  from   New   Oi'leans   in 


April  26-  Public  meeting  at  Frankfort, 
and  others  subsequently  all  over  the  state, 
condemn  President  Jackson  for  remov- 
ing the  public  deposits  from  the  place 
where  Congress  had  ordered  them,  and  de- 
nounce his  claim  of  extraordinary  power. 

27 — Remarkable   frost  in    northern 

Kentucky,  destroying  every  species  of 
fruit  on  the  high  lands  and  injuring  the 
young  corn,  clover,  and  all  vegetation. 

Aug.  6— Robert  P.  Letcher  elected  to 
congress,  in  the  Mercer  and  Garrard  dis- 
trict, by  270  votes  over  Thos.  P.  Moore— 
the  seat  having  been  declared  vacant,  and 
a  new  election  ordered 11 — Remark- 
ably hot  weather,  for  three  weeks  past, 
thermometer  ranging  from  96°  to  99>^° 
and  several  times  as  high  as  102°,  in  the 
shade.  Severe  drought  through  northern 
Kentucky  from  about  July  15  to  Sept.  8. 

95  whigs  and  41  Jackson-men  elected 

to  the  legislature  ;  last  year,  77  whigs  and 
61  Jackson-men. 

A  six-horse  wagon  draws  three  loads, 
weighing  14,469,  14,629,  15,724  pounds 
respectively,  ten  miles  each,  on  the  Mays- 
ville and  Lexington  turnpike  road  (mac- 
adamized) ;  the  grade  for  one  mile  is  4J4 
degrees,  and  much  of  the  rest  2  and  3  de- 
grees ;  the  wagon-tire  5  inches  wide. 

Sept.  12  and  13— Splendid  display  of 
stock  at  the  Lexington  stock  fair. 

Nov.  20 — A  shock  of  earthquake  in 
northern  Kentucky  at  1:40  p.  m.,  lasting 
30  or  40  seconds  ;  houses  shaken,  plaster- 
ing cracked,  two  sounds  like  distant  thun- 


40 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


der 30 — Eclipse    of  the  si 

5-6ths  of  his  disk  obscured;  th 
falls  three  or  four  degrees. 

Dec.  1 — Freshet  in  Licking  river  ;  beau- 
tiful -new  turnpike  bridge  at  the  Lower 
Blue  Licks  carried  off;  loss  $12,000. 

1835,  Jan.  25  — First  locomotive  and 
train  of  cars  arrive  at  the  head  of  the  in- 
clined plane  at  Frankfort,  from  Lexington, 
in  2  hours  29  minutes.     Great  enthusiasm. 

Jan.  26 — Weather  mild,  thermometer 
65°  ;  increases  in  cold  until  Sunday,  Feb. 
8,  when  it  is  13°  below  zero  at  Maysville, 
20°  at  Washington  and  Mayslick,  15?^°  at 
Millersburg,  and  16°  at  Paris.  Notwith- 
standing the  high  stage  of  water  in  the 
Ohio,  between  400  and  500  passengers  on 
steamboats  bound  up,  are  detained  by  ice 
between  Portsmouth  and  Catlettsburg 
and  AVheeling. 

Jan.  28  — Attempted  assassination  of 
President  Jackson,  at  Washington  city, 
while  attending  a  funeral  at  the  eapitol ;  a 
pistol,  well-loaded,  is  snapped  twice  at  him 
by  an  insane  painter  named  Richard  Law- 
rence, but  misses  fire. 

Feb.  14 — The  legislature  directs  the  sec- 
retary of  state  to  furnish  to  Mann  Butler, 
for  use  in  preparing  the  second  edition  of 
his  history  of  Kentucky,  the  whole  or  any 
part  of  certain  state  papers,  to  be  returned 

within  twelve  months 20— Northern 

Bank  of  Kentucky  at  Lexington  ch.artcred, 
with  four  branches,  and  $3,000,000  capital; 
state  to  subscribe  $1,000,000  of  stock,  pay- 
able in  five  per  cent  bonds 28— State 

board    of    internal    improvement  created. 

City  of  Louisville  authorized  to  levy 

and  collect  a  tax  of  $25,000  per  year  for 
four  years,  to  build  gas-works. 

Feb.  23— Ephraim  M.  Ewing  and  John 
Chambers  nominated,  and  unanimously 
confirmed,  judges  of  the  court  of  appeals, 
vice  Jos.  R.  Underwood  and  S.  S.  Nicholas, 
resigned. 

March  21— Thos.  A.  Marshall  appointed 
judge  of  the  court  of  appeals,  vice  John 
Chambers,  resigned  on  account  of  ill 
health. 

July  2  — Cholera  again  visits  Ky.  ; 
deaths  to  date  at  Maysville  17,  in  Mason 
county  15,  in  Millersburg  11,  in  Sharps- 
burg  13,  in  Louisville  a  few  deaths,  in 
Russellville  112  or  1  in  12  of  the  popula- 

Aug.  24— Deaths  from  cholera  in  Ver- 
sailles, within  10  days,  61,  or  1  in  15  of 
the  entire  population.  The  deaths  from 
cholera,  in  the  years  1833  and  1S35,  at 
Millersburg  were  49,  or  1  in  9  of  the  pop- 
ulation ;  in  Flemingsburg  in  1833,  68,  or  1 
in  10  ;  in  Paris  in  1833,  86  or  1  in  14  ;  in 
Lexington  in  1833,  502  or  1  in  11  ;  in 
Maysville  in  1832-'33-'35,  115  or  1  in  20. 

Population  of  Louisville,  by  special  cen- 
sus, 19,967. 

Plan  of  gradual  emancipation  of  slaves 
proposed  by  Rev.  John  C.  Young,  D.  D., 
in  a  pamphlet  of  64  pp. 

Railroad  proposed  (and  several  public 
meetings  to  forward  it)  from  Paris  to  Cov- 
ington ;    Maj.    John    S.  Williams,  a  civil 


engineer,  says  a  "railway  might  be  con- 
structed from  the  elevation  opposite  Paris 
to  a  full  view  of  the  city  of  Cincinnati, 
without  one  perch  of  masonry,"  at  a  cost  of 
$720,000,  if  over  the  ridge  route,  through 
Williamstown. 

Aug.  21 — R.  Clayton  makes  a  balloon  as- 
cension from  Lexington,  descending  15 
miles  s.  E.,  near  Combs'  ferry,  on  the  Ky. 
river ;  a  parachute,  containing  a  little 
dog,  was  cut  loose  early,  and  descended 
near  Ashland. 

Sept.— $100,000  Kentucky  internal  im- 
provement scrip  sold  to  Prime,  Ward  & 
King,  of  New  York,  at  .$3.10  premium. 

Sept.  23— Kentucky  annual  conference 
of  the  Methodist  E.  Church  unanimously 
resolves  against  any  interference  with  the 
subject  of  slavery,  and  commends  the  rec- 
titude, policy  and  operations  of  the  Amer- 

Oct.  15 — Halley's  comet  visible  for  some 
days  to  the  naked  eye,  as  a  star  of  the  5th 
magnitude. 

1836,  Feb.  22— Governor's  salary  raised 
to  $2,500,  and  ihe  per  diem  of  members  of 
the  legislature,  hereafter,  to  $3,  and  mile- 
age to  \2\i  cents 29— Ratio  of  rep- 
resentation   in  the    house,    for    next   four 

years,  fixed   at    1,017    votes Tax  on 

the  capital  stock  of  the  Bank  of  Kentucky, 
Bank  of  Louisville,  and  Northern  Bank  of 
Kentucky,  state  dividends  from  said  banks 
after  paying  the  interest  on  the  state  bonds 
sold  to  pay  for  said  stock,  and  all  turnpike 
and  river  improvement  dividends,  sacredly 
set  apart  for  a  "  Sinking  Fund." Lou- 
isville, Cincinnati  and  Charleston  (S.  C.) 
railroad  company  chartered,  with  $6,000,- 
000  capital,  to  branch  to  Louisville,  and  to 
Covington  or  Newport ;  and  a  third  branch 

from  Lexington    to  Maysville State 

appropriations  made  to  the  following  riv- 
ers :  Kentucky  $200,000,  Cumberland  $40,- 
000,  Green  ^100,000,  Licking  $100,000, 
Big  Sandy  $25,000,  Little  S.andy  $12,000, 
three  forks  of  Ky.  $8,000,  Bayou  du  Chien 
$5,000,  Clark's  $5,000,  Little  Obion  and 
Mayfield's  creek  $1,500,  Little  river  and 
Little  Barren  $1,000  each,  Rockcastle 
$40,000,  Nolin  $3,000,  and  Tradewater 
$2,000. 

March  16 — First  railroad  accident,  two 
miles  east  of  Frankfort:  train  leaps  over 
embankment ;  3  persons  killed  and   many 

wounded 19  —  Arsenal  at   Frankfort 

burnt,  with  4,740  stand  of  arms,  besides 

ble  for  its  service  in  the  wars  of  the  Revo- 
lution and  of  1812,  w.as  uninjured;  this 
was  captured  from  Burgoyne  at  Sar- 
atoga, Sept.  19,  1777,  surrendered  to  the 
British  by  Hull,  Aug.  16,  1812,  retaken  by 
Harrison  at  the  Thames,  Oct.  5,  1813, 
presented  by  congress  to  Gov.  Shelby,  and 
by  Gov.  Shelby  to  the  state  of  Kentucky. 
May  7 — The  voters  of  the  city  of  Lex- 
ington hold  an  election,  under  a  recent 
special  law,  to  sustain  or  repeal  their  city 
charter;  it  was  sustained,  by  379  for,  to 
323  for  repeal — the  largest  vote  ever  polled 


1837. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


41 


April  21—721  Te.\an  troops  (some  of 
them  Kentuckians)  under  Gen.  Sam.  Hous- 
ton, win  the  brillia'ntvictory  of  San  Jacinto, 
over  1640  Mexicans  under  their  president 
Gen.  Santa  Anna  and  Gen.  Cos ;  Te.\an 
loss  2  killed,  six  mortally  and  17  slightly 
wounded  ;  Me.xican  loss  630  killed,  280 
wounded,    .and    730    prisoners    including 

Santa  Anna  and  Cos  and  their  stnffs 

Over  600  Kentuckians,  under  Col.  Wilson, 
Capts.  Wigginton,  Postlethwaite,  James 
Allen  and  others,  at  different  dates  this 
summer,  leave  home  to  fight  in  the  war 
for  Texan  independence. 

June  17— The  castcrn-built  steamboat 
Champion  visits  the  Ohio  river,  and  at- 
tracts great  attention  for  speed  and  beauty. 
She  is  fairly  distanced  by  the  steamboat 
Paul  Jones,  in  a  trial  of  speed  between 
Alton  and  St.   Louis. 

July  1 — Estimated  expenditures,  this 
year,  of  the  city  of  Louisville,  $135,000  ; 
taxable  property  $14,000,000,  on  which 
60  cents  on  each  $100  will  be  collected. 

The  abolition  press  of  James  G.  Birney, 
(late  a  citizen  of  Ky.)  at  New  Richmond, 
Ohio,  "carefully  destroyed;"  no  other 
property  about  the  printing  office  injured. 

Judge  Hickey,  of  the  Fayette  circuit 
court,  refuses  a  mandamus,  prayed  for  by 
Milus  W.  Dickey,  to  compel  the  directors 
of  the  Maysville  and  Lexington  turnpike 
company  to  permit  his  stages  to  pass  over 
the   road  toll-free  because    they  carry  the 

July  16 — Gov.  Morehead,  at  the  request 
of  President  Jackson  and  of  Maj.  Gen. 
Edmund  P.  Gaines,  issues  his  proclama- 
tion calling  for  1,000  mounted  Kentuck- 
ians, to  rendezvous  in  Frankfort  Aug.  17, 
to  proceed  to  camp  Sabine,  and  protect 
the  southwestern  frontier.  Before  Aug.  3, 
45  companies  tender  their  services,  but  only 
10  are  accepted,  one  each  from  Franklin, 
Henry,  Shelby,  Madison,  Harrison,  Old- 
ham, Gallatin,  Woodford,  Jefferson,  and 
Fayette  counties.  The  governor  appoints 
Leslie  Combs,  of  Fayette,  colonel,  Thos. 
A.  Russell,  of  Fayette,  lieutenant  colonel, 
and  Geo.  Boswell,  of  Shelby,  major.  Be- 
fore they  commence  their  march,  orders  are 
received  for  their  discharge. 


lug. 


for 


Clark  (whig)  38,587,  Matthew  Flournoy 
(Van  Buren)  30,491— majority  8,096  ;  for 
lieutenant  governor  Chas.  A  Wickliffe  (w.) 
35,524,  Elijah  Hise  (V.  B.)  32,186— ma- 
jority 3,338.  Clark  and  Wiekliffe  elected. 
To  the  senate  are  elected  24  whigs  and 
14  Van  Buren  men,  and  to  the  house  of 
representatives  59  whigs  and  41  Van  Buren 

Sept.  5 — The  corner  stone  of  the  contem- 
plated bridge  across  the  Ohio  river  at  Lou- 
isville, laid  with  imposing  ceremonies  ; 
AVilkins  TannehiU  orator  of  the  day  ;  stock 

said   to  be    all  taken 14— Death   of 

Aaron   Burr,  on  Staten  Island,  aged   81. 

.21— Great  match  race  at  Louisville, 

for  $5,000  ;  the  Kentucky  horse,  Rodolph, 
double  distances  the  Tennessee  mare,  An- 
gor.a,  in  the  first  four  mile  heat ;  time  8 


min.  66  sec. ;  $15,000  offered  for  Rodolph, 
and  refused. 

Nov.  7 — Vote  for  president  and  vioo 
president:  Wm.  H.  Harrison  and  Francis 
Granger  (whig)  36,955,  Martin  Van  Buren 
and  Richard  M.  Johnson  33,435— majority 
3,520. 

Bacon  college,  at  Harrodsburg,  estab- 
lished. 

Dr.  Benj.  W.  Dudley,  of  Lexington,  re- 
stores to  sight  a  young  man  21  years  of 
age,  blind  from  his  birth  with  cataract. 

Dec.  12 — Fayette  county  court  subscribes 
$100,000  in  the  chartered  railroad  to 
Ch.irleston. 

Dec.  15— Henry  Clay  re-elected  U.  S. 
senator  for  6  years  from  March  4,  1837,  by 
76  votes,  to  54  for  James  Guthrie. 

1837,  Jan.  21— St.  Mary's  college,  near 
Lebanon,  Marion  county,  incorporated. 

Cincinnati,  by  a  vote  of  1875  to  371,  de- 
cides to  borrow  $600,000,  to  take  stock  in 
Cincinnati  and  Charleston  railroad,  Cleve- 
land railroad,  and  Whitewater  canal. 

Feb.  16— Shelby  college  authorized  to 
raise  $100,000  by  lottery 17— Nicho- 
las county  authorized  to  spend  the  fund 
she  may  receive,  under  the  operation  of 
the  act  to  appropriate  the  vac.Tnt  lands,   to 

pay  for  educating  her  poor  children 

21— State  stock  in  Maysville  and  Lexing- 
ton turnpike  road  company  increased  from 
$144,200   to  $213,200,  one-half  the  entire 

stock 23  —  Act    passed    to     equalize 

taxation The  surplus  U.S.   revenue 

deposited  with  the  state  of  Ky.  is  ordered 
by  the  legislature  to  be  invested,  upon 
conditions,  $500,000  in  bank  of  Louisville 
stock,  and  balance  in  Northern  Bank  and 
in  bank  of  Kentucky  slock.  The  profits 
from  $1,000,000  of  said  surplus  revenue 
"  set  apart  and  forever  dedicated  to  the 
founding  and  sustaining  a  general  system 

of    public    instruction." Act   passed 

"  to    protect  lives  and   property 


;ing 


Mi; 


sippi,  and  other  rivers  within  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  Kentucky." 

Under  the  law  of  Feb.  13,  raising  the 
salaries  of  judges  of  the  court  of  appeals 
to  $2,000,  and  of  circuit  judges  to  $1500, 
when  hereafter  appointed,  most  of  the 
judges  resign  and  are  re-appointed;  2  are 
rejected  by  the  senate,  and  2   are    not  re- 


ippo 


ited. 


Feb.  22— Convention  of  Kentucky  edi- 
tors at  Lexington. 

April  4 — Snow  falls,  in    northern    Ky., 

between  one  and  two  inches  deep 8 — 

Snowing  at  intervals  all  day,  1  inch  deepj 
thermometer  30°  to  33°.  At  St.  Louis, 
snow  17  inches  deep. 

April  10— Mercantile  failures  in  New 
York  increased  to  over  100,  and  their  ag- 
gregate amount  over  $60,000,000  ;  tremen- 
dous money  )iressure  spreading  over  the 
country.  Bank  of  Ky.  stock,  in  New 
York,  fiillen  to  $75  per  share  for  $100  paid. 

April  29 — Transylvania  medical  school 
reorganized. 

Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  wounded, 
in  a  duel  with  Gen.  Felix  Huston,  in  Texas. 


4» 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


May  8 — 352  suspensions  or  failures,  in 
New  York,  to  date  ;  New  York  state  (stock 
down  to    70,  and    U.  S.  Bank  stock  to  96. 

May  9  and  10,  all  the  banks  of  New 

York,  Philadelpliia  and  Baltimore,  except 
the  U.  S.  Bank,  suspend  specie  payment:^. 
That  bank  suspends  ne.\t  day.  The  banks 
of  Pittsburg,  Wheeling  and  Cincinnati  fol- 
low suit.  The  city  of  Philadelphia  orders 
the  issue   of   $130,000  in    small  notes,   25 

and  50  cents,  etc.  ("shin  plasters.") 

18— A  run  for  specie  upon  the  banks  at 
Louisville,  and  $45,000  drawn  out ;  ne.tt 
day,  the  Ky.  banks,  (although  having  $1,- 
900,000  in  specie,  and  a  circulation  of  only 
$3,300,000,)  suspend  specie  payment. 

May  18— Ohio  river,  opposite  Maysville, 
rises  24  feet  in  24  hours,  a  rapidity  unpre- 
cedented. 

Daniel  Webster,  with  his  family,  has  a 
perfect  ovation  in  Ky. ;  public  dinners 
given  him  at  Maysville,  May  18  ;  at  Lex- 
ington, May  24  ;  at  Versailles,  May  26  ;  at 
Louisville,  May  30  ;  and  the  people  along 
the  route  are  enthusiastic  in  attentions  to 

May  20 — A  steamboat  ascends  Big  San- 
dy river  90  miles  to  Prestonsburg,  Floyd 
county,  with  spring  importations :  and 
next  day  takes  a  pleasure  party  still  farther 
up.  Coal,  of  finest  quality,  discovered 
along  its  banks. 

May  30— Maysville  city  council  issues 
several  thousand  dollars  in  scrip,  of  de- 
nomination of  6%,  \2%,  25,  and  50  cents, 
and  $1,  redeemable  in  bank  notes  when- 
ever presented  to  amount  of  $5.  Other 
towns,  corporations  and  individuals  soon 
after  issue  similar  small  notes.  Specie 
commands  8(@10  per  cent  premium. 

June — A  public  meeting  at  Louisville 
calls  upon  the  governor  to  convene  the  leg- 
islature in  extra  session,  to  devise  a  rem- 
edy for  the  money  pressure  ;  a  great  out- 
cry is  raised  in  favor  of  it,  but  the  gov- 
ernor wiselv  refuses. 

July  11— Grand  meteoric  explosion,  at 
2:45  p.  M.,  seen  and  heard  at  Georgetown, 
Owingsvillc,  Mayslick,  and  between  Paris 
and  Lexington;  described  as  "a  great 
white  ball,  whiter  than  snow,  very  bright, 
nearly  as  big  as  the  sun,  flying  almost  as 
swiftly  as  lightning  from  where  the  sun 
was  shining  brightly,  towards  the  east ; 
the  noise  was  terrible,  like  a  heavy  cannon 
at  a  great  distance." 

July  31— Richard  Clayton,  the  Cincin- 
nati aaronaut,  ascends  from  Louisville  at 
6:50  P.M.,  and  at  7:35  p.  ji.  descends,  4 
miles  south;  remains  all  night,  and  after 
breakfast  again  ascends,  is  wafted  back 
again  over  Louisville,  Shippingport,  the 
mouth  of  Salt  river,  Shepherdsville,  and 
decends  for  dinner  7  miles  from  Bards- 
town ;  again  ascends,  is  wafted  by  differ- 
ent currents  over  several  counties,  with 
Bardstown,  Sheoherdsville,  Fairfield,  Tay- 
lorsville  and  Blbomfleld  in  sight,  and  de- 
scends at  7  P.  M.  on  Cox's  creek,  Nelson 
county,  5  miles  from  Bardstown,  having 
traveled  100  miles. 

Aug.  9—12  whig  and  1  Van  Buren  con- 


gressmen elected ;  Richard  H.  Menefee 
over  Richard  French  by  2.34  majority,  and 
Wm.  W.  Southgatc  over  Jefi'erson  Phelps 
by  340  majority;  legislature  —  senate, 
whigs  24,  Van  Eurcn  men  14;  house, 
Whigs  71,  Van  Buren  men  29. 

Aug.  25 — The  U.  S.  secretary  of  war  no- 
tifies Gov.  Clark  to  take  preparatory  steps 
to  muster  into  service  a  brigade  of  Ken- 
tucky volunteers  for  service  against  the  In- 
dians in  Florida  ;  but,  Sept.  2,  withdraws 
the  order  because  he  can  get  them  in  Lou- 
isiana, nearer  the  scene  of  action  and  ao- 


ited. 


Sept.  4  — Called  session  of  Congress. 
President's  message  delivered  Sept.  5,  at  12 
M.,  reaches  Maysville,  by  express  mail  and 
steamboat,  at  3:30  A.  M.,  Sept  8— just  63 J^ 
hours. 

Kentucky  pays  the  interest  on  her  in- 
ternal improvement  scrip  and  state  bonds, 
in  New  York,  in  specie. 

Dec.  21 — The  "convention"  question, 
which  has  been  before  the  legislature  at 
each  session  for  some  ten  years,  and  always 
defeated,  is  at  last  successful ;  and  an  act 
passes  "  to  take  the  sense  of  the  people  as 
to  the  expediency  and  propriety  of  calling 
a  convention  to  revise  the  constitution  of 
this  state." 

1838,  Feb.  3— State  agricultural  society 
organized. 

Feb.  7— The  town  of  Frankfort  author- 
ized to  raise  by  lottery  $100,000,  half  for  a 
city  school,  and  half  to  bring  water  from 

the    Cave  spring   into  town 15 — Act 

passed  to  establish    a  system  of   common 

schools Resolution  passed  requesting 

the  governor  to  obtain  the  manuscript 
journals  of  the  Conventions  of  1792  and 
1799  ;  the  governor,  in  his  annual  message, 
reports  that  he  procured  a  printed  copy  of 
that  of  1799,  but  "seriously  apprehends 
that  the  only  copies  of  that  of  1792  then 

I  the  burning  of  the  capitol." 

Feb.  22— Thermometer  6°  to  15°  below 

[  Feb.  24 — Wm.  J.  Graves,  from  the  Lou- 
isville district,  kills  Jonathan  Cilley,  of 
I  Maine,  at  the  third  fire,  in  a  duel  in  Ma- 
ryland, near  Washington  city;  they  fight 
with  rifles,  80  yards  distance  ;  parties  both 
representatives  in  Congress;  Henry  A. 
Wise  the  second  of  Graves,  and  Gen.  Geo. 
W.  Jones  of  Cilley. 

Feb.  28— Rev.  Jos.  J.  Bullock  appoint- 
ed, by  the  governor  and  senate,  first  su- 
perintendent of  public  instruction. 

April  25— Explosion  of  the  new  steam- 
boat Moselle,  in  the  Ohio  river,  opposite 
the  upper  part  of  Cincinnati  ;  the  four 
boilers  burst  simultaneously,  with  an  effect 
like  a  mine  of  gunpowder;  a  pilot,  with 
the  pilot  house,  is  blown  to  the  Ky.  shore, 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  distant ;  of  280  persons 
believed  to  be  on  board,  81  were  known  to 
be  killed,  55  missing,  13  badly  wounded. 

May  3 — 40  houses  burned  at  Paducah. 

May  25  — $1,250,000  Kentucky  state 
bonds  negotiated  in  New  York,  on  very  fa- 
vorable terms. 


1839. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


June  5— Remarkable  hailstorm  in  Fay- 
ette county,  3  miles  from  Lexington,  be- 
tween the  Tate's  creek  and  Richmond 
roads  ;  in  one  deposit  it  was  more  than 
two  feet  deep,'  and,  35  hours  later,  one 
foot  deep  ;  the  crops  were  ruined,  for  three 
miles  in  width. 

Aug.  8 — To  the  senate  are  elected  22 
Whigs  and  16  Van  Buren-men ;  to  the 
house  of  representatives  68  whigs  and  32 
Van  Buren-men.  In  favor  of  a  conven- 
tion to  revise  the  constitution,  only  28,- 
170  votes  are  east,  out  of  104,622  voters  in 
the  state — less  than  27  percent,  (whereas 
over  50  per  cent  are  required  for  success  ;) 
in  Owen  county,  12  per  cent  of  the  voters 
vote  for  a  convention,  in  Bullitt  4  per 
cent,  in  Fayette  IM,  in  Scott  2K,  in  War- 
ren 42,  in  Pulaski  64,  in  Marion  8,  in 
Union  60,  in  Mason  8,  in  Campbell  50,  in 
Clark  10,  in  Nelson  2%  percent,  in  Trim- 
ble not  a  vote. 

Aug.  13 — Kentucky  banks  resume  spe- 
cie payments. 

Aug.  14 — George  D,  Prentice,  editor  of 
the  Louisville  Journal,  and  Maj.  Thos, 
P.  Moore,  exchange  pistol  shots  at  each 
other,  at  the  Harrodsburg  springs  ;  neither 
party  injured. 

Aug.  27 — Great  railroad  festival  at  Lex- 
ington in  honor  of  the  Charleston,  Louis- 
ville and  Cincinnati  rail  road  ;  speeches 
by  Gen.  Robert  Y.  Hayne,  of  South  Caro- 
lina, Judge  Reese,  of  Tennessee,  and  oth- 
ers ;  Henry  Clay,  John  J.  Crittenden, 
Richard  M.  Johnson,  Chas.  A.  Wiekliffe, 
Thomas  Metcalfe,  and  many  other  distin- 
guished citizens  present. 

Sept.  18 — Annular  eclipse  of  the  sun  ; 
beginning  at  Covington,  at  2:26,  and  end- 
ing 5:08  p.  M. — the  last  central  eclipse  of 
the  sun  visible  in  Kentucky  until  May  26, 
1854.  From  the  beginning  of  the  eclipse 
to  the  moment  of  greatest  observation,  the 
thermometer  hanging  exposed  to  the  sun 
fell  25  degrees,  and  in  the  shade  12^  de- 
grees. Through  the  telescope,  a  great 
number  of  spots  were  observed   upon    the 


Oct. 


from  fev 


s,   alo 


eral  and  fatal    than 


for  forty 


Rev.  John  B.  Mahan,  a  citizen  of  Ohio, 
indicted  in  Mason  county,  Ky.,  for  kid- 
napping slaves,  is  delivered  up  by  Gov. 
Vance,  of  Ohio,  for  trial  in  Kv.,  in  com- 
pliance with  a  requisition  of  Gov.  Clark. 
Nov.  19,  (although  it  was  proved  that  15 
slaves  had  passed  through  his  hands  on 
their  way  from  Kentucky  to  Canada,)  he 
is  acquitted,  on  the  ground  that  the  of- 
fense occurred  in  Ohio,  and  the  court  had 

mitted  in  Mason  county. 

Oct.  11 — Interest  in  fine  stock  increas- 
ing. First  agricultural  fair  of  Mason 
county  at  Washington. 

Nov.  13  — Termination  of  the  lowest 
stage  of  water  ever  known  in  the  Ohio 
river ;  25  steamboats  reach  Maysville  in 
24  hours    from  6  A.  M.     Except'  for  a  few 


days,  steamboat  navigation  had  been  en- 
tirely suspended  for  nearly  three  months  ; 
and  the  only  navigation  was  by  a  few  very 
light  keels  pushed  by  ,poles  or  drawn  by 
horses  ;    even  this,   at  times,  was  impos- 


19—15  men    drowned  at  Da 


No 


Dec.  23- 
'eeks. 


frozen  over,  for  two 


Dec.  29— Duel  at  Vicksburg,  ] 
tween  Alex  K.  McClung  and  John  Mene- 
fee  (both  Kentuckians)  with    rifles,  at  30 

1839,  Jan.  5— James  T.  Morehead  and 
John  Speed  Smith  appointed,  by  the  legis- 
lature, commissioners  to  visit  the  Ohio  leg- 
islature, to  solicit  the  passage  of  acts  to 
prevent  evil  disposed  persons  in  that  state 
from  enticing  away,  or  assisting  in  the  es- 
cape of,  slaves  from  Ky.,  and  to  provide 
more  efficient  means  for  recapturing  fugi- 
tive slaves  by  their  masters  or  agents 

21 — The  "  Louisville  Legion,"  of  dragoons, 
artillery,  infantry  and  riflemen,  author- 
ized   Original    manuscript    of    each 

governor's  message  ordered  to  be  pre- 
served among  the   state  papers 30 — 

Lien  on  steamboats  allowed,  for  wages, 
meehanicb'  work,  and  supplies. 

Jan.  3.--W.  W.  Mather,  of  Ohio,  makes 
a  report  to  the  legislature  of  his  geological 
reconnoissance  of  Kentucky  just  com- 
pleted. 

County  court  of  Lewis  county,  under 
the  statutory  authority  to  fix  the  rate 
of  charges  at  taverns  for  meals,  lodg- 
ing, liquor,  and  stable  fare,  fixes  a  tariff 
of  charges,  and  prohibits  the  sale  of 
whisky  by  groggeries  at  a  greater  price  than 
two  cents  for  a  half  pint,  under  certain  pen- 
alties ;  brandies  and  other  liquors  in  propor- 
tion. Many  men  abandon  the  business  as 
unprofitable — "the  consummation  devoutly 
wished  "  and  intended. 

Jan.  11  and  12— Great  debate  in  the 
house  of  representatives,  on  the  bill  to 
charter  a  branch  of  the  South-western  rail 
road  hank — Simeon  H.  Anderson,  of  Gar- 
rard, in  favor,  John  A.  McClung,  of  Mason, 
and  Thos.  F.  Marshall,  of  AVoodford, 
against.  Col.  C.  G.  Memminger,  special 
commissioner  of  South  Carolina,  was  heard 
by  both  houses,  in  the  representative-hall, 
in  an  exceedingly  able,  ingenious  and  elo- 
quent speech.  MeClung's  efibrtwas  states- 
manlike, masterly  and  thrilling,  and  Mar- 
shall's scarcely  less  so  ;  the  whole  debate 
was  one  of  the  most  remarkable  in  the  his- 
tory of  Kentucky.  Feb.  23,  the  bill  passed 
the  senate,  by  19  to  18,  and  was  rejected 
in  the  house  a  third  time,  by  the  close  vote 
of  49  to  48. 

Jan.  23— The  citizens  of  Frankfort  give 
a  public  dinner  to  Col.  Memminger,  as  a 
mark  of  respect  and  regard  to  South  Car- 
olina and  to  him  as  **  her  honored  and  en- 
lightened organ."  He  was  similarly  com- 
plimented by  the  citizens  of  Lexington 
and  of  Richmond. 

4,039  horses  and  3,177  mules,  valued  at 
$577,280  ;  4,549    beef  cattle  at    $227,450  ; 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


68,764  hogs  at  $962,696  ;  and  3,250  sheep 
at  $13,000,  passed  Cumberland  Ford,  dur- 
ing 18.38,  bound  for  a  southern  market. 

Feb.  9 — Congress  unanimously  author- 
izes the  president  to  present  to  James  Rum- 
sey,  Jr.,  the  son  and  only  child  of  James 
Rurasey,  deceased,  a  gold  medal  commem- 
orative of  his  father's  services  and  high 
agency  in  giving  to  the  world  the  benefits 
of  the  steamboat. 

Feb.  8 — The  legislature  passes  an  act 
prohibiting  the  issue  or  circulation  of  small 
notes  or  checks  by  any  county,  city,  town, 

or   corporation Citizens   of    Paducah 

authorized  to  raise,  by  lottery,  $100,000  to 
build  two  seminaries,  and  furnish  a  library 

andschool  apparatus  for  each Joseph 

R.  Underwood  authorized  to  permanently 
loan  to  the  town  of  Bowling  Green  the 
"  Robert  Craddock  fund,"  the  town  to  pay 
6  percent  interest  thereon  forever;  and 
may  build  two  school  houses  with  the  fund, 
etc 20— Southern  bank  of  Ky.  incor- 
porated, capital  $2,000,000,  of  which  the 
state  to  take  $1,000,000  ;  principal  bank 
and   four  branches   south  of   Green  river, 

and   two  branches    north  of  it 22— 

$92.3,000  appropriated  to  internal  improve- 
ments  23— Interest  upon  the  common 

school  fund,  not  used  for  the  current  ex- 
penses  of  the    system,  to    be  invested   in 

state  bonds  or  bank   stocks ConimoH 

school  law  amended  ;  one  amendment  ex- 
empts  from  taxation  for   common    school 

purposes  the  property  of  free  negroes 

Resolutions  passed  complimentary  to  the 
state  of  Indiana,  because  of  resolutions  of 
her  legislature  condemning  "interference 
in  the  domestic  institutions  of  the  slave- 
holding  states,  either  by  congress  or  the 
state  legislatures,  as  contrary  to  the  com- 
pact by  which  those  states  became  mem- 
bers of  the  Union,  highly  reprehensible, 
unpatriotic,  and  injurious  to  the  peace  and 
stability  of  the  Union." 

Feb.  23— Rev.  Hubbard  H.  Kavanaugh 
appointed  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion. 

March  2 — James  T.  Morehead  and  John 
Speed  Smith,  the  commissioners  to  the 
Ohio  legislature,  return  to  Frankfort,  hav- 
ing fully  accomplished  their  mission  ;  they 
were  treated  with  great  courtesy  and  re- 
spect. Ohio  passed  a  law  (by  a  vote  of  23 
to  11  in  the  senate,  and  53  to  15  in  the 
house)  to  punish  the  abduction,  or  aiding 
in  the  abduction  or  escape,  of  slaves,  by 
fine  not  exceeding  $500,  or  imprisonment 
not  exceeding  60  days,  and  also  be  liable 
for  all  damages  to  the  party  aggrieved  ; 
and  one  of  her  courts  enforced  its  execution, 
sometime  in  1839,  by  the  conviction  and 
punishment  of  Rev.  John  B.  Mahan. 

Judge  Wilkerson  and  Mr.  Murdaugh. 
of  Mississippi,  by  a  change  of  venue,  are 
tried  at  Harrodsburg,  for  their  participa- 
tion in  the  bloody  affair  at  the  G.-ilt  House 
in  Louisville,  last  year,  and  acquitted ; 
Hon.  Sergeant  S.  Prentiss,  of  Mississippi, 
defends  them,  in  a  speech  of  great  power 
and  eloquence. 

March  29— Public  dinner   at  Maysville 


to  Adam  Beatty,  senator,  and  John  A. 
McClung  and  James  W.  AVaddell,  repre- 
sentatives from  Mason  county  in  the  last 
Ky.  legislature,  in  compliment  to  their  ef- 
forts in  defeating  the  Southwestern  railroad 
bank  bill ;  Thos.  F.  Marshall,  of  Wood- 
ford, and  James  Guthrie,  Percival  Butler, 
and  Wm.  H.  Field,  uf  Louisville,  specially 
invited  as  guests  of  the  city  of  Maysville. 

June— Col.  Blanding,  president  of  thfl 
Charleston  railroad  bank,  says  all  idea  of 
pushing  the  Cincinnati  and  Charleston 
railroad  further  than  Columbia,  is  aban- 
doned. 

Aug.  27- Death  of  James  Clark,  gov- 
ernor of  Ky.  Sept.  5,  Lieut. -gov.  Chas. 
A.  Wickliffe  takes  the  oath  as  governor. 

Sept.  5  — Shock  of  an  earthquake  in 
northern    Ky.,    preceded   by    a   rumbling 

Sept.  30— Great  four-mile  race  at  Louis- 
ville, purse  $14,000  ;  Wagner  beats  Grey 
Eagle,  in  the  last  heat  only  10  inches  ; 
time  7:48,  7:44.  On  Saturday  Oct.  5,  for 
jockey  club  purse  $1500,  Grey  Eagle  beat 
Viley's  mare  in  7:51,  Wagner  just  running 
to  save  his  distance;  2d  heat,  Wagner 
beat  Grey  Eagle  by  12  inches,  in  extraor- 
dinary time  of  7:43  ;  3d  heat.  Grey  Eagle 
let  down,  lamed,  in  the  second  mile. 

Oct.  3— Total  amount  of  Kentucky  state 
bonds  issued,  $4,635,000  ;  of  which  $2,000,- 
000  to  Ky.  banks  in  payment  of  bank  stock 
subscribed  and  owned  by  the  state,  $850,- 
000  to  common  schools  (a  debt  to  herself), 
and  $1,765,000  for  internal  improvements. 

Oct  11 — Suspension  of  specie  payments 
by  the  banks  of  Philadelphia  and  Balti- 
more, and,  in  a  few  days,  by  those  in  Vir- 
ginia, Cincinnati  (except  the  Commercial 
bank),  several  in  Ohio,  and  New  Orleans. 
In  New  York,  during  the  month,  mer- 
chants pay  3  to  5  per  cent  interest  per 
month,  on  4  mo.  paper,  to  sustain  their 
credit.  Kentucky  bank  stocks  fell  to  71. 
Specie,  8@11  per  cent  premium.  Silver 
small  change  plenty,  because  dimes  and 
half  dimes  readily  ptiss  for  12}4  aid  6}4 
cents. 

Oct.  16 — The  Kentucky  banks,  because 
of  the  systematic  run  upon  them  to  help 
meet  the  drain  to  Europe,  deem  it  prudent 
to  suspend  specie  payments-;  when  they 
had  on  hand  $1,158,351.  Dec.  31,  they  had 
in  gold  and  silver  $1,108,047,  and  their 
circulation  was  $3,940,333  ;  a  decrease,  in 
one  year,  of   $505,336  specie,  and  $1,477,- 


Nov.    18— Ohic 
past,  lower   than 


cept  dur- 


Dec.  6 — In  the  whig  national  convention 
at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  General  Wm.  Henry 
Harrison  is  nominated  for  president,  re- 
ceiving 148  votes,  Henry  Clay  90,  and  Gen. 
Winfield  Scott  16. 

Dec.  9— W.  C.  Allen,  a  young  Kentucky 
artist,  presents  to  the  state  a  full  length 
portrait  of  Daniel  Boone,  which  is  hung 
in  the  hall  of  the  house  of  representatives. 

Dec.  11— The  first  iron  steamct  on  the 
western    waters,    Valley    Forge,   built   at 


■^' 


U^ 


1841. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


45 


Pittsburgh,  passes  down  the  Ohio  for  New 
Orleans. 

Dee.  16— Banlc  of  Kentucky  stock  which 
sold  previously  at  $70,  falls  to  $56  in  New 
York;  owing  to  the  Schuylkill  bank,  Phil- 
adelphia, issuing  $1,299,700  of  unauthor- 
ized and  fraudulent  stock. 

1840,   Jan.    17— The  Louisville   college 

chartered 2.3  —  Marshall  college,  at 

Hopkinsville,  chartered 29— Kenton 

county,  opposite  Cincinnati,  established, 
"in  honor  of  Simon  Kenton." 

Feb.  5— Western  Baptist  theological  in- 
stitute at  Covington  incorporated 12 

—Charter  of  the  Southern  Bank  of  Ken- 
tucky amended,  reducing  the  amount  of 
stock  to  be  subscribed  and  paid  in    before 

commencing    business 19^  Ratio  of 

representation  in  the  house  of  representa- 
tives for  the  next  four  years  fixed  at  1,085 
voters  21- — As  the  state  is  the  guar- 
antor for  the  Lexington  and  Ohio  railroad 
company,  the  treasurer  is  authorized,  on 
the  request  of  the  governor,  to  pay  the  in- 
terest or  principal  of  debts  when  the  com- 
pany is  in  default. 

Feb.  13 — Kentucky  Yeoman  newspaper 
established  ,at  Frankfort. 

May  5 — Ohio  river  higher  than  at  any 
period  since  1832. 

May  7  —  A  small  steamboat  upset  in 
Green  river,  and  9  persons  drowned. 

May  24  and  25— Celebration  of  the  first 
settlement  of  Kentucky  at  Boonsborough, 
Madison  county  ;  7,000  to  10,000  people, 
of  whom  3,000  were  ladies,  present ;  11 
military  companies,  reviewed  by  Gov. 
Wickliffe  ;  Mrs.  French,  a  daughter  of  Col. 
Richard  Callow,ay,  and  her  female  servant, 
who  were  in  the  Fort  during  the  siege  in 
1777,  John  Hart,  who  was  acquainted  with 
them  both  in  the  Fort,  and  some  other  pio- 
neers present,  received  marked  attention. 
Just  as  Rev.  Lewis  W.  Green,  D.  D.,  was 
commencing  the  first  anniversary  sermon, 
the  rain  poured  down  in  torrents,  so  con- 
tinuing for  two  days  and  a  half,  causing 
great  personal  suflFering  and  great  danger 
to  life  by  the  freshet  which  followed.  On 
Mond.ay,  25th,  Ex-Gov.  James  T.  More- 
head  delivered  the  anniversary  address. 

June— The  U.  S.  census  shows  the  total 
population  of  Kentucky  779,828;  whites 
690,253  ;  free  colored  7,317,  and  slaves 
182,258  ;  ratio  of  total  increase  since  1830, 
1314,  and  of  slave  increase  10^  per  cent. 

Aug.  5 — Vote  for  governor  :  Robert  P. 
Letcher  (whig)  55,370,  Richard  French 
(democrat)  39,650- majority  15,720  ;  for 
lieutenant-governor,  Manlius  V.  Thomson 
(w.)  52,952,  John  B.  Helm  (dem.)  36,199 
—majority  16,752. 

Aug.  19— Legislature  convened  in  extra 
session  for  two  days  ;  law  re-enacted  for 
the  election  of  presidential  electors  on  the 
first  Monday  in  November. 

Oct.  12— Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge, 
D.  D.,  (now  of  Baltimore,)  speaks  at  the 
courthouse  in  Lexington  in  defense  of  him- 
self, "  from  the  accusations  of  Robert 
Wicklifi-e,  Sen.,  Esq.,"  last  August,  in  the 
same  place. 


Great  political  excitement  during  the 
current  political  campaign  ;  large  and  fre- 
quent meetings  of  the  people,  from  1,000 
to  12,000  in  number. 

Nov.  4 — Vote  for  president  and  vice- 
president  :  Wm.  Henry  Harrison  and  John 
Tyler  68,489,  Martin  Van  Buren  and 
Richard  M.  Johnson  32,616— majority  25,- 
873. '  The  vote  in  Owen  county  was  454  for 
Harrison,  541  for  Van  Buren. 

Nov.  16-20— Gen,  H.irrison,  president 
elect,  visits  Louisville,  Frankfort,  Lexing- 
ton and  Shelbyville,  on  private  business, 
and  receives  an  enthusiastic  welcome.  He 
declined  all  public  honors.  In  Frankfort 
he  visited  Mrs.  Sharp,  in  whose  parlor  ho 
remarked,  in  reply  to  a  compliment  from 
some  distinguished  gentlemen,  that  **  in 
this  very  house  (then  the  governor's),  and 
in  this  very  room,  he  had  been  adopted  by 
the  state  of  Kentucky,  and  received  the 
commission  of  major-general  to  command 
her  brave  troops  in  the  Northwestern 
Army  in  the  war  of  1812.  It  giive  him 
unalloyed  pleasure  and  great  gratification 
to  know  that  the  confidence  then  so  gen- 
erously reposed  in  him  remained  un- 
shaken." [His  majority  in  Kentucky  for 
president  was  larger  than  in  any  other 
state.] 

Dec.  1 — M.  R.  Stealey,  resident  engineer 
of  the  Kentucky  river  improvements,  in 
his  report  states  "  that  in  nearly  all  of  the 
excavations,  in  building  five  locks  and 
dams,  detached  teeth  and  bones  of  the 
mammoth  were  found,  in  a  state  of  excel- 
lent preservation  ;  at  depths  generally  of  50 
feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  at 
distances  of  100  to  160  feet  from  the  margin 
of  the  river." 

Deo.  4  .and  5— Snow  falls  over  northern 
Kentucky  to  the  depth  of  12  to  15  inches. 

Dec.  16— John  J.  Crittenden  re-elected 
U.  S.  senator  for  6  years  from  March  4, 
1841,  receiving  100  votes,  to  29  for  James 
Guthrie. 

1841,  Jan.  2— Ohio  river  frozen  over  for 
5  days. 

A  published  communication  from  Bishop 
B.  B.  Smith,  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction, gives  the  following  facts,  as  of 
diite  June  1,  1840: 

Persons  above  20  years  old  unable  to 
read  :  In  FInyd  county  673,  Clay  671, 
Knox  512,  Ohio  556,  Pike  862,  Barren  1,- 
190,  Mercer  747  :  total  in  these  7  counties 
5,201,  and  in  the  state  42,000. 

In  Floyd  county,  of  2,055  children  of 
school  age  (between  5  and  15)  none  were 
at  school;  in  Clay,  of  1,180  none;  in 
Knox,  of  2,566,  46  ;  in  Ohio,  26  out  of  1,- 
714  ;  in  Pike,  25  out  of  1,066  ;  in  Barren, 
859  out  of  3,829  ;  in  Mercer,  1,191  out  of 
3,646  ;  in  the  whole  state,  32,920  out  of 
170,000. 

It  costs  Kentucky  $181,000  more  per  an- 
num to  educate  those  32,920,  than  it  ought 
to  cost,  iit  the  rate  paid  in  New  York 
($1.25  per  scholar)  to  educate  the  whole 
170,000.  The  average  cost  in  Kentucky 
is  $12  per  scholar. 

Jan.    21— The    legislature    directs    one 


46 


ANXALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1841. 


copy  each  of  the  journals  of  that  body,  and 
of  all  books  published  by  the  state,  to  be 
deposited  with  the  Kentucky  Historical 
society,  "  to  be  accessible  to  the  examina- 
tion of  any  citizen." 

By  experiments  at  the  navy  yard  at 
Boston,  Kentucky  water-rotted  hemp 
proves  stronger  than  either  Riga  Rein  or 
Russia  hemp. 

Feb.  15— The  legislature  changes  the 
time  of  its  annual  meeting  to  the  laet  day 

of    December 17— Rate   of   taxation 

raised  to  15  cents  on  the  $100  of  taxable 
property,  of  which  five  cents  to  increase 
the  resources  of  the  sinking  fund  to  pay  off 
the  public  debt 18— §618,000  appro- 
priated to  internal  improvements  Ad- 
ditional buildings  or  room  ordered,  for  the 
Auditor's  office. 

Feb.  18— After  three  davs  voting,  on 
the  21st  vote  James  T.  .Morehead  is  elected 
U.  S.  senator,  in  place  of  John  J.  Critten- 
den who  declines,  to  become  attorney  gen- 
eral in  President  Harrison's  cabinet: 
Morehead  72,  Jos.  R.  Underwood  61.  The 
following  distinguished  citizens  received 
votes  as  follows,  at  some  stage  of  the  vot- 
ing:  Thos.  Metcalfe  24,  John  Calhoon 
48,  Wm.  Owsley  20,  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe  20, 
Richard  A.  Buckner41,  Richard  H.  Men- 
efee  32,  Christopher  Tompkins  3. 

Feb.  20— Death  of  Richard  H.  Menefee,  | 
of  bronchitis,  aged  31. 

March  9 — Concerted  attack  upon  Henry 
Clay,  in  a  debate  in  the  U.  S.  senate,  by 
senators  Smith  of  Conn.,  Walker  of  Miss., 
and  King  of  Ala.  That  of  the  latter  was 
so  personal,  that  in  a  few  words  of  reply 
Mr.  Clay  denounced  "his  assault  on  him 
as  discourteous,  unparliamentary,  rude  and 
cowardly."  Mr.  King,  saying  he  had  "  no 
reply  to  make  here,'*  sat  down  and  com- 
menced writing,  as  was  supposed,  a  chal- 
lenge to  a  duel.  The  Mayor  of  Washing- 
ton had  them  both  immediately  arrested, 
and  bound  over  in  the  penalty  of  $5,000 
to  keep  the  peace  toward  each  other.  No 
challenge  passed. 

April  4 — Death  of  President  Harrison. 
April  28 — Special  election  for  congress- 
men in  Ky.,  because  of  the  called   session 
of  congress  next  month. 

Jlay  14^Day  of  national  humiliation, 
fasting  and  prayer,  because  of  the  death 
of  President  Harrison. 

May  15— Duel,  near  Louisville,  between 
Cassius  M.  Clay  and  Robert  Wickliffe,  Jr., 
both  of  Fayette  county,  with  pistols  at  30 
feet ;  no  blood  shed. 

May  16 — Steamboat  Edward  Shippen 
arrives  at  Louisville  from  New  Or- 
leans in  5  days  14  hours,  making  22  stop- 
pages. 

May  20— Wm.  Greathouse  obtains  a  ver- 
dict, in  the  Mason  circuit  court,  against 
Rev.  John  B.  Mahnn,  of  Brown  county, 
Ohio,  for  $1,600,  the  value  of  two  slaves 
whom  (as  was  in  proof  before  the  jury)  Ma- 
han  aided  and  assisted  in  making  their 
escape  to  Canada,  in  1836. 

June  13— First  rain  to-day,  in  northern 
Kentucky,  for  six    weeks  ;  severe    drouth  I 


.ind  great  heat;  thermometer  96°  to  103" 
in  the  shade. 

June  16  and  17 — 66th  anniversary  of 
the  settlement  of  Kentucky  celebrated  at 
Harrodsburg  ;  from  7,000  to  10,000  persons, 
1,500  of  them  ladies,  present  ;  10  military 
companies,  about  400  men,  in  elegant  uni- 
form, in  camp  ;  sermon  by  Rev.  Joseph 
C.  Stiles,  and  address  by  Benjamin  Hardin. 
June  25 — Great  hail  storm  in  central 
Kentucky,  remarkable  for  its  direction  and 
extent,  passing  from  south  to  north  and 
from  two  to  five  miles  wide  ;  hemp  de- 
stroyed, other  crops  greatly  damaged. 
July  1  to  4 — Brilliant  military  encamp- 
[  ment  at  O.ikland,  near  Louisville;  20  com- 
panies from  Cincinnati,  Columbus  and 
Dayton,  Ohio,  and  various  points  in  Ken- 
tucky. 

July  10  — "Lynch  law"  at  Williams- 
town,  Grant  county  ;  Smith  Maythe  (who 
I  had  been  a  convict  in  the  Ohio  and  Ken- 
tucky penitentiaries)  and  Lyman  Crouch 
!  (recently  an  under-jailer  at  Cincinnati) 
i  rob  and  murder  (as  they  supposed)  Wm.  S. 
Utterback,  of  Bourbon  county,  by  cutting 
his  throat,  on  the  highway ;  Utterback 
ultimately  recovered,  but  was  rendered 
speechless  for  life ;  350  men  from  Bourbon 
and  Harrison,  fearful  the  villains  would 
escape  justice,  broke  open  the  jail,  took 
them  to  the  spot  where  the  crime  was  com- 
mitted, and  hung  and  buried  them  there  ; 
the  gallows  was  left  standing  for  some  25 
years,  when  it  rotted  down.  The  leaders 
of  the  mob  were  subsequently  indicted  for 
murder. 

Aug.  7 — Cornelius  Burnett  indicted  and 
fined  $100,  at  Cincinnati,  for  resisting  the 
officers  in  the  recapture  of  a  fugitive  slave 
from  Kentucky. 

Aug.  31  to  Sept.  4— Great  mob  at  Cin- 
cinnati :  severe  fighting  between  whites 
and  negroes,  m.any  wounded  and  some  re- 
ported killed ;  houses  and  a  church  occu- 
pied by  negroes  destroyed  ;  press  and  ma- 
terials of  the  abolition  newspaper,  the 
Philanthropist,  broken  up  or  thrown  into 

Sept.  8  —  African  church  at  Maysville 
pulled  down  by  a  mob. 

Sept.  II — John  J.  Crittenden  resigns 
his  seat  as  attorney  general,  and  Chas.  A. 
Wickliffe  accepts  that  of  postmaster  gen- 
eral, in  President  Tvler's  cabinet. 

Oct.  7— The  citizens  of  Maysville  tender 
to  John  J.  Crittenden  the  compliment  of  a 
public  dinner,  and  the  citizens  of  Wood- 
ford county  make  him  a  present,  at  a  cost 
of  $17,000,  of  the  farm  in  that  county  on 
which  he  was  born. 

Oct.  12-r Arrest  of  Col.  Monroe  Edwards, 
the  "  great  forger,"  in  Philadelphia  ;  $44,- 
000  found  in  his  trunk  ;  his  forgeries  at 
Louisville,  Cincinnati,  New  York,  and 
elsewhere,  successful,  on  a  stupendous 
scale;  he  is  a  native  of  Russellville,  Ky., 
but  had  lived  mostly  in  Mississipjti  or 
Texas  ;  he  is  transferred  to  New  York  for 


1842. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


47 


Dec.  3— Vicliars  and  Brown,  reformed 
drunkards — the  former  one  of  the  original 
si.t  who  initiated  the  movement  at  Balti- 
more— enter  Kentucky  at  Maysville,  in 
the  interest  of  the  Washingtonian  temper- 
ance or  total-abstinence  movement.  In- 
tense interest  wherever  they  speak,  whole 
communities  signing  the  pledge,  liquor- 
sellers  closing  their  shops,  and  they  and 
their  best  customers  alike  reforming. 

1842,  Jan.  10— Beautiful  raw  silk  pro- 
duced in  Somerset,  Ky.  ;  increasing  in- 
terest felt  in  the  growth  of  silk. 

Jan  11  — P 
new  census,  2, 

Jan.  12 — Lexington  and  Ohio  railroad 
sold  at  auction,  at  Frankfort,  to  pay  to 
the  state  the  sum  of  $150,000  and  interest, 
which  as  surety  she  had  to  assume  ;  pur- 
chased by  the  state. 

Jan  14 — Legislature  unanimoushj  passes 
strong  anti-state-repudiation  resolutions. 
The  first  one  declares  it  "  the  high  and 
sacred  duty  of  a  sovereign  state  to  observe 
the  obligations  of  good  faith  in  all  her  en- 
gagements, not  only  with  her  own  citizens, 
but  equally  and  alike  with  those  of  other 
states  and  countries." 

Jan.  21— Charter  of  the  Louisville  and 
Portland  canal  company  amended  so  as  to 
provide  for  the  selling  of  individual  stock 
to  the  state,  or  to  the  city  of  Louisville,  or 
to  the  United  States,  with  a  view  eventu- 
ally to  make  the  canal  free  of  tolls  ;  or  the 
net  income  may  be  used  to  buy  in  the  stock 
for  said  purpose 31 — Louisville  au- 
thorized to  erect  water  works,  and  for  that 
purpose  to  borrow  $200,000  at  8  per  cent. 

Feb.  5— Kentucky  Institution  for  the 
education  of  the  blind  established  at  Lou- 


tile  Library  association  at  Louisville  char- 
tered  15 — Boyle  county  established, 

after  40  years  persistent  application,  by  u 
vote  of  18  to  17  in  the  senate,  and  48  to 
44  in  the  house 19— Henderson  col- 
lege incorporated 22 — Act  passed  al- 
lowing the  bank  of  Kentucky  to  set  apart 
all  undivided  earnings  and  profits  on  hand, 
and  all  hereafter  made  in  excess  of  5  per 
cent  dividends,  and  all  sums  recovered 
from  the  Schuylkill  bank,  as  a  fund  to 
cover  losses  by  the  fraudulent  over-issue  of 
stock  by  said  bank  when  agent  of  the  bank 
ofKy. 

Feb.  2.3 — Henry  Clay,  desiring  to  retire 
to  private  life,  resigns  as  U.  S.  Senator,  to 
take  effect  March  31,  1842.  John  J.  Crit- 
tcn  elected  his  successor,  without  opposi- 
tion ;  receiving  29  votes  in  the  senate  and 
91  in  the  house. 

March  1 — Common  school  law  amended. 

3— Governor  authorized  to  exchange 

30-year  state  bonds  for  the  6-year  bonds. 

$420,000    appropriated    to    internal 

improvements,  to  pay  for  work  already 
done,  and  complete  existing  contracts. 

March  1 — B.  B.  Sayre  appointed  super- 
intendent of  public  instruction,  to  succeed 
Bishop  B.  B.  Smith  ;  but  shortly  declines. 

March  22 — Lexington  and  Ohio  railroad, 


now  owned  by  the  state,  leased  to  Philip 
Swigert  an^  Wm.  R.  MeKee. 

April  1 — Washingtonian  temperance 
revolution  rapidly  extending.  Over  30,- 
000  persons  have  signed  the  pledge  in  four 
months. 

April  6 — Charles  Dickens  visits  the  west, 
and  spends  a  few  hours  in  Kentucky. 

April  26— Rev.  Robert  Davidson,  D.  D., 
late  president  of  Transylvania  university, 
appointed  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, but  declines  May  15. 

June  1 — Kentucky  banks  resume  specie 
payments. 

June  9— Public  dinner  or  festiv^,  at 
Lexington,  in  honor  of  Henry  Clay  ;  10,- 
000  to  12,000  people  present. 

July  2— Duel,  in  the  state  of  Delaware, 
between  Thos.  F.  Marshall,  member  of 
congress  from  the  Lexington  (Ky.)  dis- 
trict, and  Col.  James  Watson  Webb,  editor 
of  the  New  York  Courier  and  Enquirer. 
Marshall  challenged  ;  and  on  the  second 
exchange  of  shots,  wounded  Col.  W.  in 
the  left  leg,  below  the  knee. 

Aug.  8— To  the  state  seniite  27  whigs, 
11  democrats  are  elected,  and  to  the  house 
of  representatives  56  whigs  and  44  demo- 
Sept.  26— Leonard  Bliss,  Jr.,  shot  in 
Louisville,  and  mortally  wounded,  by  God- 
frey Pope,  editor  of  the  Louisville  Sun. 

Sept.  29— Great  barbecue  at  Dayton, 
Ohio,  given  by  the  Whigs  of  Ohio  to  the 
Whigs  of  Kentucky  as  the  Whig  banner 
state  at  the  presidential  election  in  1840  ; 
over  100,000  people  present;  speeches  by 
Henry  Clay,  John  J.  Crittenden,  Thos. 
Metcalfe,  Wm.  W.  Southgate,  Landaff  W. 
Andrews,  and  Cassius  M.  Clay,  from  Ky. 

Oct.  18— The  synod  of  Kentucky  (Pres- 
byterian), by  a  vote  of  62  to  8,  adopts  res- 
olutions to  the  effect  that  the  Bible  fixes 
no  rate  of  interest,  but  denounces  all  op- 
pression and  extortion  ;  and  as  the  law  of 
Kentucky  establishes  6  per  cent,  declares 
obedience  to  the  laws  a  high  christian 
duty,  and  exhorts  church  members  not  to 
require  or  receive  more  than  the  rate  of  in- 

Nov.  —  Isaac  Cunningham,  of  Clark 
county,  raises  a  large  field  of  corn  which 
averaged  140  bushels  to  the  acre,  the  sea- 
son being  favorable.  But  in  1840,  Gen. 
James  Shelby,  of  Fayette,  received  from 
an  agricultural  society  a  premium  for  5 
acres  of  corn  which  yielded  550  bushels,  or 
110  bushels  per  acre.  The  same  year,  Wm. 
R.  Duncan,  of  Clark  county,  raised  120 
bushels  on  one  acre.  Geo.  W.  Williams, 
of  Bourbon,  raised  178  bushels  from  l>g 
acres,  or  158  2-9  bushels  per  acre.  And 
Walter  C.  Young,  of  Jessamine  county, 
raised  a  field  of  corn,  of  which  two  acres, 
when  measured  off,  gathered  and  shelled 
by  gentlemen  of  the  Jessamine  agri- 
cultural society,  yielded  195  and  198J4 
bushels  respectively.  The  season  was  re- 
markably favorable  for  corn,  and  these 
fields  received  special  cultivation  and  at- 
tention. 

Nov.— Friends  of  Daniel  Webster  hav- 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


1843. 


ing  denied  it,  the  fact  is  noiv  brought  out 
that  Mr.  Webster  owed  his  position  as  sec- 
retary of  state  in  Gen.  Harrison's  cabinet 
entirely  to  the  active  and  strong  recum- 
mendation  of  Mr.  AVebster  by  Henry  Clay 
—to  whom  Gen.  Harrison,  through  others 
and  in  person,  tendered  any  position  in 
the  cabinet  which  he  would  accept ;  saying 
that  he  should  not  invite  Mr.  Webster  into 
his  cabinet  at  all.  Mr.  CLay  declined  the 
offer  ;  and  urged  upon  Gen.  Harrison  the 
special  propriety  of  making  such  an  offer 
to  Mr.  Webster,  and  that  he  (Clay)  was 
sincerely  desirous  he  should  do  it.  To 
Mr.  Way's  positive  influence,  Mr.  Webster 
was  indebted  for  his  seat  in  the  cabinet. 
[This  was  made  public  in  consequence  of  a 
"private  and  confidential"  letter  written 
by  Mr.  AVebster,  Aug,  22,  1842,  to  John 
P.  Healy,  of  Boston,  advising  tlie  whigs 
of  Massachusetts  against  committing  the 
state  to  any  body  for  ne.xt  president,  and 


saying    tha 

a 

lomination    o 

f    S 

r.    Clay 

now  '•  wouK 

be 

sure  to   give 

the 

state  to 

the  Loeofoc 

'■"] 

Dec.    17- 

Rem 

p  grown    in 

Ma 

son  and 

Flemingcou 

in  1841,  3,000 

s,  which 

sold  for  abo 

t  $240,000;  ofthi 

s  1, 

200  tons 

were    manu 

ractu 

ed    into  bagg 

ing 

or  bale 

rope  in  Mas 

inty.  and  the 

rest 

shipped 

toother  points;  100  tons  were  water-rotted 
in  1842. 

1843,  Jan.  4— Shock  of  earthquake,  at 
9:05  p.  M.,  all  over  Kentucky  ;  it  lasted  30 
seconds. 

Jan.  7 — John  J.  Crittenden  re-elected 
U.  S.  senator  for  si.x  years  :  Crittenden  88, 
Richard  M.  Johnson  43. 

Death  of  Christopher  Fort,  in  Lewis 
county,  aged  109  ;  he  was  at  the  battle  of 
Fort  Duquesne,  or  Braddoek's  defeat,  when 
21  years  old,  and  was  among  the  first  set- 
tlers of  Ky.  ;  he  never  took  any  medicine, 
and  never  had  the  attendance  of  a  physi- 
cian— giving  as  his  reason,  that  God  who 
made  him  sick  could  make  him  well ;  he 
had  been  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
for  many  years ;  he  was  99  years  old  when 
he  married  his  last  wife;  he  died  as  one 
falls  asleep,  without  a  groan  and  without 

Jan.  23 — Act  passed  m.aking  instru- 
ments of  writing  hereafter  as  cfi'ectual,  and 
of  the   same    dignity,  without  a  scroll  or 

Feb.  9— Bill  to  remove  the  capitol  to 
Louisville  defeated,  by  14  to  23  in  the  sen- 
ate, and  30  to  60  in  the  house. 

March  11 — Legislature  adjourns  to-day, 
having  steadily  voted  down  the  principal 
temporarj'  measures  for  relief  from  the 
heavy  pressure  of  debt  and  hard  times — a 
commonwealth's  bank  or  safety  fund  bank 
bill,  a  property-valuation  bill,  etc.  [Ken- 
tucky bonds,  consequently,  sold  in  New 
York  for  M@Sil4,  while  Ohio  bonds  sold 
at  70@71,  because  of  the  temporizing  pol- 
icy of  that  state.] 8— The  charters  of 

the  banks  of  Ky.  amended,  requiring  them 
to  extend  their  loans  to  a  limited  extent, 
the  bank  of  Louisville  to  establish  a  branch 
at    Paducah    and   another   at    [Flemings- 


burg],  and  authorizing  the  Northern  bank 

to  establish  an  additional  branch 10 

— Common  school  law  amended  ;  salai-y  of 
superintendent  of  public  instruction  re- 
duced,   from  $1,000   to  $750 Several 

laws   passed    to  increase  the   resources   of 

the  sinking  fund Salaries  of  all  state 

officers  and  judges  reduced,  except  that  of 

governor 11— $140,000    appropriated 

lo  pay  contractors  on  the  public  works  for 
work  already  done. 

M.areh  20 — A  strange  comet  has  been 
visible,  in  clear  weather,  for  two  weeks,  as 
large  in  appearance  as  the  planet  Jupiter 
1  when  nearest  the  earth,  and  with  a  nebu- 
lous trail,  75°  to  80°  in  area. 
t  March  21 — George  Robertson  resigns 
the  office  of  chief  justice  of  Ky. 

March  23— Remarkable  weather;  ther- 
mometer in  northern  Ky.  falls  to  8°  above 
[  zero  ;  large  quantities  of  ice  floating  in 
the  Ohio  river  for  several  days. 

April  11 — Ephraim  M.  Ewing  appointed 
chief  justice,  and  Daniel  Breck  a  judge,  of 
the  court  of  appeals. 

May  28 — Desolating  whirlwind  passes 
over  parts  of  Franklin,  Scott,  Fayette,  and 
1  Bath  counties,  its  track  about  40  miles 
j  long  and  4  miles  wide,  over  which  many 
houses,  and  nearly  all  the  trees  and  fenc- 
I  ing  were  torn  down,  and  a  large  number 
of  horses,  cattle,  and  other  stock  killed. 
At  Jlount  Zoar  meeting  house,  4  miles 
from  Lexington,  on  the  Russell's  road, 
while  the  congregation  (Sunday  afternoon) 
were  at  worship,  the  house  was  unroofed 
!  and  three  of  the  walls  leveled  with  the 
j  ground,  but  not  a  human  being  received 
I  injury.  Several  persons  nef.r  Owingsville 
I  were  injured.  After  the  whirlwind  passed, 
I  the  rain  and  hail  did  immense  damage  to 
!  the  growing  crops. 

June  21— Kentucky  6  per  cent  bonds 
!  sell  in  New  York  at  98,  Ohio  bonds  at  88 
@88'xi,  Illinois  and  Indiana  bonds  at  32 J^ 

I  June  25 — Tusk  and  two  grinders  of  an 
extinct  animal,  found  in  excavating  around 
the  Lower  Blue  Lick  springs  ;  the  tusk  6 
feet  214  inches  long,  21  inches  in  circum- 
ference at  the  large  end,  weight  94  pounds,  ' 
had  been  broken  off  and  not  all  recovered  ; 
grinders  6  and  8  inches  broad,  decayed  as  : 
far  as  the  enamel,  weight  6  and  8  pounds. 

July    1    to    5 — Grand  military  encamp-    '!■ 
ment   in  Franklin    county,    styled    Camp    ' 
Madison  ;  Humphrey  Marshall  commands; 
12  companies  present ;  oration  on  the  set- 
tlement of  Kentucky  by  ex-chief  justice    j 
George  Robertson  ;  10,000  people  present. 
July  12 — Wharton  Jones,    of  Ky.,  ob- 
tains judgment  before  judge  McLean  and 
a  jury,  in  the    U.  S.    court  at  Cincinnati, 
against  John  Van  Zandt,  of  Warren  coun- 
ty,  Ohio,  for  $1,200  damages — for  assist- 
ance rendered  by  defendant  in  the  escape 


of   hi: 


sla 


curred  in  recovering  8  others,  which  de- 
fendant, only  24  hours  after  their  escape, 
was  caught  in  the  act  of  conveying  north- 
ward in  a  wagon  ;  Wm.  W.  Southgate,  of 
Covington,  and  Chas.  Fox,  of  Cii    ' 


.'^./ 


Ax 


1844. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


attorneys  for  plaintiff,  and  Thos.  Morris, 
late  U.  S.  senator,  and  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
attorneys  for  defendant.  Another  action, 
tried  a  few  days  after,  under  the  penal 
statute,  resulted  in  a  verdict  against  Van 
Zandtof$500. 

Aug.  1 — In    a  personal    difficulty,  aris- 
ing from  iSam.  M.  Brown  disputing  a  state- 
ment of  Cassius  M.  Clay  while  the  latter 
was    speaking,    at  Russell's,    in    Fayet 
county,  Brown  fired  at  Clay  with  a  pislo 
the  ball  striking  just  under  the  fifth  ril 
when  Clay  advanced  on  him  with  a  Bow 
knife,  and   cut  and    gashed  his    eye,  ea 
nose,  and    head  horribly  :  Clay's    life  w! 
saved  by  the  ball  striking  the  scabbard  of 
his  knife  ;  Brown  recovered. 

On  the  same  day,  on  board  the  steamboat 
Georgi.-i,  on  her  trip  from  Old  Point  Com- 
fort, Va.,  to  Baltimore,  a  young  man 
named  J.  McLean  Gardner  attempts  to  as- 
sassinate the  U.  S.  postmaster  general, 
Chas.  A.  Wickliffe,  of  Ky.,  by  striking  him 
twice  in  the  breast  with  a  clasp  knife.  The 
young  man  was  found  to  be  insane,  and 
sent  to  an  asylum. 

Aug.  9 — 5  whigs  and  5  democrats  elect- 
ed to  congress  ;  26  whigs  and  12  democrats 
to  the  state  senate,  and  62  whigs  and  38 
democrats  to  the  house  of  representatives. 

Sept.  28— Geo.  W.  Williams,  of  Bourbon 
county,  raises  on  one  acre,  carefully  culti- 
vated but  in  an  unfavorable  season,  127 
bushels,  6  gallons,  1  quart,  and  IJj  pints 
of  corn  :  in  a  field  of  oats,  much  blown 
down  by  the  wind  and  injured  by  blight, 
one  acre  yields  49  bushels. 

Nov.  14  —  E.\-president  .lohn  Quincy 
Adams  visits  Maysville,  and  is  escorted 
with  great  enthusiasm  to  the  Presbyterian 
church,  where  Gen.  Richard  Collins,  in 
his  address  of  welcome,  declares  that  Mr. 
Adams  *'  had  placed  Kentucky  under  deep 
and  lasting  obligations  for  his  noble  de- 
fense of  her  great  statesman  (Henry  Clay ), 
in  his  letter  to  the  whigs  of  New  Jersey  ;" 
to  which  Mr.  Adams  replied  : 

"  I  thank  you,  sir,  for  the  opportunity 
you  have  given  me  of  speaking  of  the  great 
statesman  who  was  associated  with  me  in 
the  administration  of  the  general  govern- 
ment, at  my  earne.'it  solicitation — who  be- 
longs not  to    Kentucky  alone,  but  to    the 

his  state  and  this  nation,  but  to  mankind. 
The  charges  to  which  you  refer,  I  have, 
after  my  term  of  service  had  expired,  and 
it  was  proper  for  me  to  speak,  denied  be- 
fore the  whole  country.  And  I  here  reit- 
erate and  reaffirm  that  denial;  and,  as  I 
e.\pect  shortly  to  appear  before  my  God, 
to  answer  for  the  conduct  of  my  whole  life, 
should  those  charges  have  found  their  way 
to  the  Throne  of  Eternal  Justice,  I  WILL, 
IN  THE  PRESENCE  OF  OMNIPOTENCE,  PRO- 
NOUNCE THEM   FALSE." 

Nov.  15 — Great  debate  at  Lexington,  on 
baptism  and  other  subjects,  between  Elder 
Alexander  Campbell,  of  Bethany,  Va.,  of 
the  Reformed  or  Christian  church,  and 
Rev.  Nathan  L.  Rice,  of  Paris,  Ky.,  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  ;  George  Robert- 

I. ..4 


son,  John  Speed  Smith,  and  Henry  Clay 
moderators;  continues  for  three  weeks, 
and  is  attended  by  hundreds  of  people 
from  a  distance. 

Dec.  15— Kentucky  bonds  sell  in  New 
York  at  107M. 

1844,  Jan.  3  — Steamboat  Shepherdess 
strikes  a  snag,  three  miles  below  St.  Louis, 
and  sinks  rapidly,  carrying  down  from  40  to 
1110  lives  ;  among  them,  the  owner,  Capt. 
Abram  P.  Howell,  of  Covington,  and  other 
Kentuckians. 

March  1 — Common  school  law  amended. 

Ratio   of    representation    for   next 

four  years  fixed  at  1251  voters. 

March  16 — Steamboat  Alex  Scott  reaches 
Cairo  in  3  days   10  hours  from  New  Or- 

Mason  county  tobacco  establishes  a  fine 
reputation  in  the  New  Orleans  market ; 
and  is  quoted  separately,  at    high  figures. 

May  16— General  Assembly  of  the  (Old 
School)  Presbyterian  church  in  the  United 
States  of  America  convened  in  Louisville. 

June — Greatest  flood  ever  known  in  the 
Missouri,  Mississippi,  Illinois,  and  Red 
rivers,  3J^  feet  higher  than  the  great  flood 
of  1785 ;  crops  destroyed,  and  too  late 
to  plant  again  after  the  waters  sub- 
side, stock  drowned  or  strayed,  dwellings 
and  outhouses  swept  off  or  inundated, 
breadstuffs  and  provisions  ruined,  the  in- 
habitants scattered  in  every  direction,  des- 
titute and  homeless  ;  a  large  portion  of 
St.  Louis  overflowed  ;  in  part  of  Louis- 
iana, where  the  high  water  made  a  lake 
500  miles  wide,  destruction  and  desolation 
were  around^  and  hunger  and  terror  upon 

Very  exciting  political  contest  for  gov- 
ernor and  president.  Many  political  meet- 
ings are  held  all  over  the  state,  each  at- 
tended by  from  1,500  to  15,000  people. 

Aug.  7 — Vote  for  governor:  Wm.  Ows- 
ley (whig)  59,680,  Wm.  0.  Butler  (demo- 
crat) 55,056— majority  4,624  ;  for  lieuten- 
ant (governor,  Archibald  Dixon  (w.)  60,- 
070,  Wm.  S.  Pitcher  (dem.)  48,989-ma- 
jority  11,081. 

Aug.  30— Workshops  and  machinery  in 
the  Kentucky  penitentiary  burnt  down  ; 
loss  $40,000  ;  no  convicts  escaped. 

Sept.  10— Mr.  Gibbon,  editor  of  the 
Smithland  Bee,  while  walking  on  the  street 
with  his  little  daughter,  shot  and  killed 
by  Dr.  Snyder. 

Sept.  13— Daniel  Bates  killed,  in  Clay 
county,  Ky.,  by  Dr.  Abner  Baker,  a  mon- 
omaniac. 

Sept.  26 — Gov.  Letcher,  having  among 
his  last  official  acts,  appointed  this  as  a 
day  of  *'  prayer,  praise  and  thanksgiving," 
it  is  largely  observed  ;  it  is  the  first  thanks- 
giving-day ever  appointed  by  a  governor 
of  the  state, 

Oct.  23— Terrific  explosion  of  the  steam- 
boat Lucy  Walker,  about  8  miles  below 
Louisville,  in  the  middle  of  the  Ohio  river  ; 
the  ladies  cabin  takes  fire,  and  the  boat 
rapidly  sinks  in  15  feet  water;  about  50 
passengers  killed  and  missing,  and  20 
ided. 


50 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1845. 


A  manufactory  of  silk  established  at 
Newport,  by  Wm.  B.  Jackson  and  Brother; 
handkerchiefs  and  other  goods  of  smooth 
and  excellent  texture;  cocoons  raised,  and 
silk  spun  and  woven  in  Kentucky. 

Nov.  6 — Vote  for  president  and  vice- 
president  :  Henry  Clay  and  Theodore 
Frelinghuysen  (whigs)  61,255,  James  K. 
Polk  and  Geo.  M.  Dallas  (democrats)  51,- 
988— majority  9,267. 

Nov.  26— Citizens  of  Frankfort  organize 
the  "Clay  Testimonial  Society  of  Ken- 
tucky," with  e.x-Gov.  Letcher  president, 
and  an  executive  committee  of  26  ;  "  for 
the  purpose  of  building  a  column  of  stone 
not  less  than  100  feet  high,  on  one  of  the 
eminences  adjacent  to"  Frankfort;  the 
contribution  of  $1  to  constitute  member- 
ship, and  no  one  allowed  to  subscribe  more 
than  $5  ;  "each  member's  name  to  be  en- 
graved on  a  plate  of  metal,  deposited  un- 
der the  corner  stone  of  the  column,  and 
also  preserved  in  a  well-bound  volume  of 
parchment,  to  be  kept  forever  by  the  soci- 
ety." A  handsome  sum  was  promptly 
subscribed  in  Frankfort. 

Dec.  23— Miss  Delia  A.  Webster,  (who 
has  been  confined  for  several  months  in 
the  jail  at  Lexington  upon  a  charge  of  ab- 
ducting slaves  and  conveying  them  to  the 
state  of  Ohio),  tried,  convicted,  and  sen- 
tenced to  two  years  in  the  penitentiary. 
The  jury,  in  consideration  of  her  sex, 
unanimously  sign  a  petition  to  the  gov- 
ernor for  her  pardon.  [Gov.  Owsley  re- 
ceived many  petitions  to  the  same  purport, 
and  on  Feb.  25,  after  she  had  spent  sev- 
en weeks  in  the  penitentiary,  he  pardoned 
her;  and  she  left  immediately,  with  her 
father,  for  their  home  in  Vermont.]  Feb. 
13,  1844,  Rev.  Calvin  Fairbanks,  (who 
was  Miss  Webster's  companion  and  princi- 
pal in  the  guilt  of  negro  stealing,  and  ar- 
rested at  the  same  time.)  was  convicted 
upon  his  own  confession,  and  the  jury 
fixed  the  period  of  his  confinement  in  the 
penitentiary  at  15  years. 

1845i  Feb.  10 — Common  school  law  adopt- 
ed, embracing   the  provisions   of  previous 

acts Consent  of  the  legislature  given 

to  the  United  States,  to  purchase  and  hold 
the  Louisville  and  Portland  canal,  and  any 
additional  land  necessary  for  its  enlarge- 
ment  Control    of  the  capitol   square 

surrendered  to  the  trustees  of  Frankfort,  to 
be  laid  off  into  walks,  and  trees  and  shrub- 
bery planted. 

Feb.  28 — Congress  passes  resolutions  for 
the  annexation  of  Texas. 

Two  runaway  slaves  of  Peter  Driskell, 
of  Mason  county,  Ky.,  are  apprehended  by 
his  agent.  Col.  Charles  S.  Mitchell  and 
others,  in  Sandusky,  Ohio,  but  rescued  and 
set  free  by  the  machinations  of  the  aboli- 
tionists and  a  dishonest  judge  named 
Farwell,  setting  at  defiance  the  laws  of 
congress  and  of  Ohio,  which  had  been 
complied  with. 

March  5— Clifton  R.  Thompson,  of  Fay- 
ette county,  shot  dead  in  the  court  house 
at  Mountsterling,  during  the  sitting  of 
court,  by  his  brother-in-law  Henry  Daniel. 


March  13 — 63  choice  ewes,  belonging  to 
Capt.  John  A.  Holton,  of  Franklin  county, 
and  selected  for  breeders  because  of  the 
fineness  of  their  wool,  killed  by  dogs,  in 
one  night.  A  few  nights  after,  John  Chiles, 
of  Harrodsburg,  lost  70  fine-wool  ewes,  by 
dogs.  The  annual  destruction  of  sheep 
by  dogs,  in  the  state,  estimated  at  10,- 
000. 

March  14 — Gov.  Bartley,  of  Ohio,  refuses 
to  comply  with  a  requisition  of  Gov.  Ows- 
ley, of  Ky.,  for  the  delivery  of  a  man 
named  Kissam,  charged  with  kidnapping 
slaves. 

March  18— Great  fire  at  Crab  Orchard  ; 
26  houses,  in  the  business  part  of  town, 
burnt. 

April  1 — Population  of  Lexington,  by  a 
census  just  taken,  8,178;  whites  4,999, 
blacks  3,179;  value  of  taxable  property, 
$3,039,608. 

April  9— The  officers  of  the  123d  regi- 

paper  communications  and  petitions,  seek 
the  abolition  of  the  present  militia  system. 

April  10— Great  fire  at  Pittsburg,  Pa. ; 
982  houses  burnt,  value  $2,666,500,  and  of 
personal  property  $2,000,000.  Much  sym- 
pathy felt  in  Ky.,  and  subscriptions  made 
for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers. 

April  25 — In  answer  to  a  requisition  from 
the  governor  of  Ky.,  for  the  delivery  up 
for  trial  of  a  free  mulatto  who  had  stolen 
several  slaves  from  Harrodsburg,  and  es- 
caped to  Indiana,  Gov.  Whitcomb,  of  that 
state,  issued  a  warrant  for  his  arrest  and 
delivery  to  a  Ky.  officer.  The  abolitionists 
at  Madison  attempted  to  obstruct  the 
course  of  the  law,  but  were  foiled  by  the 
promptness  and  decision  of  the  Ky.  officer, 
Mr.  Blackstone. 

May  19 — The  convention  of  delegates  of 
the  Methodist  E.  Church  in  the  southern 
and  south-western  stjites,  adjourns,  having 
been  in  session  at  Louisville  since  May  1, 
They  resolve  to  erect  the  annual  confer- 
ences therein  represented  into  a  distinct 
ecclesiastical  connection,  to  be  called  the 
"Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South  ;"  and 
to  hold  the  first  general  conference  in  Pe- 
tersburg, Va.,  May  1,  1846. 

May  20— In  the  (Old  School)  Presbyter- 
ian general  assembly,  in  session  in  Cincin- 
nati, the  report  and  resolutions  on  slavery 
(drawn  by  Rev.  Nathan  L.  Rice,  D.  D., 
then  of  Cincinnati,  but  recently  of  Ken- 
tucky,) are  adopted  by  yeas  166,  nays  12, 
not  voting  4;  of  the  yeas,  100  were  from 
the   northern    and    66    from    the   southern 

May  23— Judge  McLean,  in  the  V.  S. 
circuit  court  at  Indianapolis,  decides  that 
slaves  taken  from  Ky.  by  their  owner  in 
1825  to  Illinois,  and  there  used  and  em- 
ployed as  slaves,  although  removed  after- 
wards to  Missouri  and  kept  in  slavery  for 
years,  became  entitled  to  their  freedom  by 
the  act  of  the  owner  in  taking  them  to  and 
keeping  them  in  a  free  state,  and  must 
now  be  set  free. 

June  4 — True  American  newspaper  is- 
sued at  Lexington,  Cassius  M.  Clay  editor. 


1845. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


51 


June  8— Death  of  ex-president  Andrew 
Jacksou,  near  Nashville,  Tenn. 

June  9— Lewis  Sanders,  U.  S.  hem] 
agent  at  Louisville,  institutes  tests  of  th 
relative  strength  of  Kentucky  water-rotted 
and  Russian  hemp  ;  a  rope  of  the  former, 
1  7-10  inches  in  circumference,  parted  at 
2,940  pounds,  while  a  larger  rope  of  Rus- 
sian hemp,  1  8-10  inches  in  circumference, 
only  bore  a  strain  of  2,218  pounds  when  it 

July — P.opulation  of  Covington,  by  a 
census  just  taken,  4,388 ;  whites  4,185, 
blacks  203.  Of  Newport  1,710;  whites 
1,634,  blacks  76. 

July  22— Death  of  Miss  Browning,  the 
Kentucky  giantess,  near  Flemingsburg  ; 
her  weight  was  • —  pounds,  and  size 

Aug.  6—7  whigs  and  3  democrats  elected 
to  congress.  Of  the  new  senators  elected, 
6  are  whigs,  4  democrats,  and  the  house 
of  representatives  stands  63  whigs  and  37 
democrats. 

Aug.  14— "At a  meeting  of  sundry  citi- 
zens of  Lexington,  at  the  court  house," 
Benj.  W.  Dudley,  Thos.  H.  Waters,  and 
John  W.  Hunt  are  appointed  a  committee 
"to  wait  upon  Cassius  M.  Clay,  editor  of 
the  '  True  American,'  and  request  him  to 
discontinue  its  publication,  as  its  further 
continuance,  in  our  judgment,  is  danger- 
ous to  the  peace  of  our  community,  and  to 
the  safety  of  onr  homes  and  families  ;  " 
and  adjourn  to  meet  at  3  p.  M.,  Aug.  15. 
To  their  note  inclosing  the  action  of  the 
meeting,  Mr.  Clay,    '  "  


than 


ath'i 


indii 


(his  disease  typhoid  fever),  writes  a  defi- 
ant reply,  which  was  read  to  the  adjourned 
meeting  ;  which,  thereupon,  issues  a  call 
"  for  a  general  meeting  of  the  people  of 
the  city  and  county  to  be  held  on  Monday, 
Aug.  18,  at  11  A.  M.,  at  the  court  house,  to 
take  into  consideration  the  most  effectual 
steps  to  secure  their  interests  from  the  ef- 
forts of  abolition  fanatics  and  incendia- 
ries." At  this  meeting,  Waller  Bullock 
chairman,  Benj.  Gratz  secretary,  and  at- 
tended by  a  Large  concourse  from  Fayette 
and  the  adjoining  counties,  another  com- 
munication from  Cassius  M.  Clay  was  read. 
Thos.  F.  Marshall  submitted  an  address, 
setting  forth  the  incendiary  character  of 
Mr.  Clay's  paper,  and  six  resolutions, 
which  were  unanimously  adopted.  Under 
the  6th  resolution,  a  committee  of  60  prom- 
inent citizens  (among  them  Geo.  W.  John- 
son, chairman,  James  B.  Clay,  secretary, 
Moses  Morrison,  Richard  Higgins,  Hiram 
Shaw,  Wm.  B.  Kinkead,  James  B.  Waller, 
Geo.  W.  Norton,  Franklin  Tilford,  Thos. 
H.  Shelby,  Thos.  S.  Redd,  Dr.  J.  C.  Dar- 
by, Wm.  R.  McKee,  Richard  Spurr,  Ed- 
ward Oldham  and  Dr.  J.  Bush)  was  ap- 
pointed, "  authorized  to  proceed  to  the  of- 
fice of  the  '  True  American,'  take  posses- 
sion of  press  and  printing  apparatus,  pack 
up  the  same,  and  place  it  at  the  railroad 
office  for  transportation  to  Cincinnati,  and 
report  forthwith  [at  2  p.  m.,]  to  this  body." 
On  reaching  the  office  door,  the  key  was 
given  up  by  the  city  marshal  to  the  chair- 


man of  the  committee.  The  mayor  was 
also  at  the  door,  and  "gave  notice  that 
the  committee  was  acting  in  opposition  to 
law,  but  that  the  city  authorities  could 
offer  no  forcible  resistance  to  them."  The 
names  of  the  committee  were  called,  and 
each  one  admitted  to  the  otBce,  and  the 
door  closed.  "  On  motion  of  M.aj.  Wm.  R. 
McKee,  it  was  resolved  that  the  committee 
hold  itself  responsible  for  anything  which 
might  be  lost  or  destroyed,  whilst  the  eom- 
ty  assi 
ppointed  to 
take  down  the  press,"  and  others  "to  put 
up  the  type,"  and  "  the  secretary  took  a 
list  of  the  property  as  packed  up."  "  The 
secretary  containing  the  private  papers  of 
the  editor  of  the  '  True  American,'  by 
unanimous  resolution,  was  sent  to  hig 
house."  The  committee,  as  directed  by 
the  meeting,  notified  Mr.  Clay  by  letter 
"  that  the  press,  type,  etc.,  of  the  '  True 
American  '  paper  have  been  carefully  put 
up,  and  shipped  by  railroad  and  steamer 
to  Cincinnati,"  to  the  care  of  Messrs.  Jan- 
uary &  Taylor,  subject  to  his  order,  and 
that  the  charges  and  expenses  upon  them 
have  been  paid."  They  reached  Cincin- 
nati on  Friday,  Aug.  22. 

Sept.  3 — Several  of  a  gang  of  counter- 
feiters arrested  at  Warsaw,  and  committed 
to  jail.  Also,  John  and  Wm.  Banton  ar- 
rested in  Lincoln  county,  and  their  estab- 
lishment for  manufacturing  counterfeit 
notes  and  coin,  one  of  the  most  extensive 
and  perfect  in  the  Union,  captured  and 
broken  up. 

Sept.  6— Gov.  Owsley  is  notified  by  the 
secretary  of  war,  that  Gen.  Zachary  Tay- 
lor is  authorized  to  call  upon  Ky.  for 
troops  to  repel  the  apprehended  Mexican 
invasion.  Gov.  0.  replies  that  any  requi- 
sition upon  Ky.  will  be  promptly  and  gal- 
lantly responded  to. 

Sept.  10  —  Great  excitement  in  Clay 
county,  Ky.  The  jail  guarded  to  prevent 
escape  of  prisoners.  Gen.  Peter  Dudley, 
thither  by  Gov.  Owslfy,  orders  out 
3ompanies  of  troops  from  Madison 
county,  under  Col  John  Miller,  to  main- 
tain the  supremacy  of  the  laws — who  re- 
main until  after  the  execution  of  Dr.  Ba- 
ker, Oct.  3. 

Sept.  13— Re-interment  of  the  remains 
of  Daniel  Boone  and  his  wife  in  the  state 

metery  at  Frankfort.  [See  description 
on  page  251,  vol.  ii.j 

Sept.  18— Trial  before  Judge  Trotter,  of 
the  Lexington  city  court,  of  the  members 
f  the  "  committee  of  60,"  on  a  charge  of 
iot  on  Aug.  18th,  in  removing  the  press 
nd  types  of  the  "  True  American  "  news- 
paper. After  a  full  hearing  of  the  testi- 
mony   and  argument,  "  the  jury   without 

isitation  gives  a  verdict  of  not  guilty." 

Sept.  20— Population  of  Louisville,  by  a 

nsus  just  taken,  37,218. 

Sept.  22— Suicide  at  Richmond,  by  blow- 
ing out  his  brains  with  a  pistol,  of  John 
White,  judge  of  the  19th  judicial  district, 

d  recently  speaker  of  the  lower  house  of 
congress  and  member  thereof  for  ten  years. 


52 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Sept.  22— The  citiiens  of  Maysville  and 
Mason  county,  tender  a  public  dinner  to 
James  C.  Pickett,  late  U.  S.  charge  d'  af- 
faires to  Peru. 

Sept.  30 — Debate  at  Cincinnati,  between 
Rev.  J.  Blanchard  and  Rev.  Nathan  L. 
Rice,  D.  D.,  both  of  that  city,  but  Dr.  R. 
recently  of  Ky.,  upon  the  question,  "Is 
slavery  in  itself  sinful,  and  the  relation 
between  the  master  and  slave  a  sinful  re- 
lation?" The  former  afBrms,  the  latter 
denies. 

Oct.  13 — An  adjourned  meeting  of  citi- 
zens of  Mason  county,  at  Washington, 
Lewis  Collins  chairman,  Richard  II.  Stan- 
ton secretary,  adopts  Judge  Beatty's  reso- 
lutions in  reference  to  the  Fayette  county 
meeting  which  suppressed  the  "True 
American"  newspaper,  condemning  in 
strong  language  "  the  intemperate  and  in- 
flammatory character  "  of  that  paper,  and 
"  the  reply  of  its  editor  to  the  request  to 
discontinue  its  publication  as  conceived  in 
a  spirit  of  outrage,  wholly  unjustifiable, 
and  meriting  the  severest  reprobation," 
and  recommending  that  laws  be  passed, 
inflicting  such  penalties  upon  incendiary 
abolition  publications  in  our  state,  as  shall 
effectually  prevent  their  being  hereafter 
circulated."  John  A.  McClung,  Francis 
T.  Chambers,  Judge  Adam  Beatty,  and 
Elijah  C.  Phister  advocate  them,  while 
Henry  Waller,  Wm.  Tebbs  Reid,  Richard 
H.  Stanton,  and  Col.  Jacob  A.  Sl.ick  favor 
stronger  resolutions. 

Similar  meetings  had  already  been  held 
in  Jefl'erson  and  Nelson  counties. 

Oct.  25 — Rev.  Alex.  M.  Cowan,  agent  of 
the  Kentucky  colonization  society,  collects 
$5,000  to  purchase  a  district  of  country  40 
miles  square  in  Africa,  to  be  called  "  Ken- 
tucky in  Liberia,"  as  a  home  for  colored 
colonists  from  Kentucky.  The  first  colony 
for  its  settlement  leaves  Louisville,  Jan. 
7,  1846. 

Oct.  28— Col.  James  C.  Pickett,  of  Ky., 
late  U.  S.  chargti  d'  affaires  to  Peru,  pre- 
sents to  the  National  Institute  at  Wash- 
ington city  a  fragment  of  the  flag  (of  plain 
■white  silk,  and  now  over  300  years  old)  of 
Pizarro,  the  conqueror  of  Peru,  and  a  lock 
of  hair  of  Gen.  Bolivar,  the  great  champion 
of  South  American  independence. 

Nov.  10 — In  pursuance  to  a  call  signed 
by  456  citizens  of  Mason  county,  another 
meeting  (very  greatly  larger  than  the  one 
in  Oct.)  is  held  at  Washington,  to  consider 
the  questions  growing  out  of  the  action  of 
the  citizens  of  Lexington,  Aug.  18,  in  sup- 
pressing the  "  True  American."  Eight 
resolutions,  all  much  stronger  and  more 
pointed  than  those  previously  adopted,  are 
offered  by  Henry  Waller,  advocated  by 
him,  Francis  T.  Herd,  and  John  D.  Taylor, 
and  unanimously  adopted. 

Nov.  20— Thanksgiving  day,  in  accord- 
ance with  Gov.  Owsley's  proclamation,  ob- 
served for  the  second  time. 

Joel  T.  Hart,  of  Ky.,  selected  by  the 
ladies  of  Virginia  as  the  sculptor  of  the 
statute  of  Henry  Clay  to  be  erected  in 
Richmond. 


falls  to   the   depth  of  9 


Nov.; 

Dec.  6— Ohio  river  frozen  over,  for  the 
first  time  in  12  years  so  early  in  the  season; 
it  breaks  up  on  the  10th. 

Dec.  31—1,585  steamboats  and  394  flat 
and  keel  boats,  318,741  tons,  have  passed 
through  the  Louisville  and  Portland  canal 
since  Jan.  1,  1845,  paying  $138,391  toll. 
From  the  opening  of  the  canal,  Jan.  1, 
1831,  to  date,  15  years,  16,817  steamboats 
(an  average  of  1,121  per  year)  and  5,263 
flat  and  keel  boats,  with  a  total  tonnage 
of  3,048,692,  have  passed  the  canal,  and 
paid  in  tolls  $1,506,306. 

1846,  Jan.  13— Cassias  M.  Clay,  of  Ky., 
editor  of  the  "True  American"  now 
printed  at  Cincinnati,  addresses  a  great 
meeting  at  the  Tabernacle,  in  the  city  of 
New  York.  Resolutions  complimentary 
of  him,  and  reflecting  sharply  on  the  meet- 
ing at  Lexington  in  August  last,  unani- 
mously adopted.  Next  evening,  at  the 
same  place,  and  to  a  "  very  thin "  au- 
dience, he  lectures  again,  "  for  the  benefit 
of  the  colored  orphan  asylum,  with  extreme 
reluctance,  as  he  was  sure  it  would  operate 
to  his  injury  at  home." 

Jan.  15— The  bill  to  take  the  sense  of 
the  people  as  to  the  propriety  of  calling 
a  convention  to  revise  the  constitution  de- 
feated in  the  state  senate,  by  20  to  18.  It 
had  passed  the  house,  Jan.  12,  by  56  to  40. 

Jan.  28 — In  the  long-pending  suit  of 
the  bank  of  Kentucky  v).  the  Schuylkill 
bank,  at  Philadelphia,  Judge  King  de- 
cides the  entire  controversy  in  favor  of  the 
plaintiff;  making  the  Ky.  bank  responsi- 
ble to  the  holders  of  the  spurious  stock; 
and,  as  it  had  actually  made  such  compen- 
sation already,  an  order  was  entered  refer- 
ring to  a  master  the  computation  of  the 
over-issue  of  spurious  stock,  and  the 
amount  of  indemnity  which  the  bank  of 
Ky.  was  entitled  to  recover  from  the 
Schuylkill  bank  ;  the  latter  was  adjudged 
to  have  been  in  law,  as  well  as  in  fact, 
the  transfer  agent  of  the  Ky.  bank  from 
March  18, 1835,  to  Dec.  16, 1839.  [$1,184,- 
738  was  ascertained  to  be  the  amount  of 
indemnity.] 

Feb.  7 — Acts  pass  the  legislature  to  es- 
tablish the  university  of  Louisville 

10- To    incorporate    the    Covington    and 

Cincinnati  bridge  company 13  — To 

incorporate  the  Maysville  college 23 

— Further  to  protect  the  rights  of  married 
women  ;  their  slaves  not  liable  for  the  hus- 
band's debts ;  and  the  husband's  estate 
not  liable   for  the  wife's  debts  contracted 

before    marriage Act   to    incorporate 

the  Licking  river  navigation  company. 

March  7 — John  U.  Waring  assassinated, 
about  noon,  on  the  street  in  Versailles  ;  .1 
rifle  ball,  fired  from  the  garret  of  Shelton'a 
tavern,  entered  his  forehead,  passing  down 
his  throat,  into  his  lungs. 

March  23— At  12:45  a.  m.,  two  shocks  of 
an  earthquake  were  felt  in  northern  Ken- 
tucky, shaking  houses  perceptibly,  and 
preceded  by  a  rumbling  sound  as  of  dis- 
t.ant  thunder. 


1846. 


ANNALS 


April  25— Partial  eclipse  of  the  sun, 
about  one-third  ;  but  over  the  most  of  Ky. 
the  eclipse  itself  was  eclipsed  by  the  inter- 
vening clouds.  Silliman's  Journal,  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  after  describing  this  eclipse, 
a  month  before  its  appearance,  adds : 

"During  the  remainder  of  the  piesent 
century  there  will  be  but  five  ecli*pses  cen- 
tral in  any  part  of  the  Atlantic  states,  viz  : 
those  of  May  26,  1854,  and  Sept.  29,  1875, 
.annular  in  Massachusetts,  and  that  of  Oct. 
19,  1869,  in  the  Carolinas ;  whilst  those  of 
Aug.  7,  1869,  and  May  28,  1900,  will  be  to- 
tal in  North  Carolina  and  Virginia." 

May  8— Gen.  Zachary  Taylor  defeats 
the  Mexicans  at  Palo  Alto,  and,  next  day, 
at  Resaca  de  la  Palraa. 

May  13 — Congress  declares  that  "  by  the 
act  of  the  Republic  of  Mexico,  a  state  of 
war  exists  between  that  government  and 
the  United  States." 

Maj.-Gen.  E.  P.  Gaines  makes  a  requi- 
sition on  the  Gov.  of  Ky.  for  4  regiments 
of  volunteers,  comprising  2,400  men. 

(Sunday)  May  17— In  expectation  of, 
but   before  receiving,  a  formal    call,  Gov. 


ith. 


apanies,"  and  report  to  him  forth- 


May  18— The  Louisville  Legion,  9  com- 
panies, commanded  by  Col.  Ormsby,  offer 
their  services  to  the  governor,  and  are  ac- 
cepted  Wm.  Preston  procures  a  sub- 
scription of  $50,000  in  Louisville,  which 
he  places  to  the  credit  of  the  governor  in 
the  bank  of  Ky.,  to  be  used  if  necessary, 
in  dispatching  troops  to  the  seat  of  war. 
The  Northern  bank  of  Ky.,  at  Lexington, 
tenders  Gov.  Owsley  $250".000  for  the  same 
purpose. 

May  20  — Duel,  near  Bethlehem,  In- 
diana, between  James  S.  Jackson,  of  Lex- 
ington, and  Robert  Patterson,  of  Frank- 
fort, Ky.  :  Thos.  F.  Marshall  the  second 
of  Jackson,  and  Geo.  B.  Crittenden  of  Pat- 
terson ;  after  exchanging  shots  without 
effect,  the  difficulty  is  amicably  settled. 

May  22 — Form.al  proclamation  of  Gov. 
Owsley  for  two  regiments  of  infantry  or 
riflemen,  and  one  of  oav.ilry,  for  the  serv- 
ice of  the  United  States  against  Mexico. 
The  President  calls  upon  the  states  for 
43,500  men  in  all. 

May  26— The  governor  announces,  by 
proclamation,  that  the  requisition  upon  Ky. 
for  troops  is  full.  The  1st  regiment  of  in- 
fantry, the  Louisville  Legion,  has  em- 
barked. The  2d  regiment  of  infantry,  Col. 
Wm.  E.  McKee,  of  Lexington,  Lieut.  Col. 
Henry  Clay,  Jr.,  of  Louisville,  Miij  Gary 
H.  Fry,  of  Danville,  is  composed  of  the 
following  companies  : 

1st,  Green    county.. . Capt.  Wm.  H.  Mkxcv. 

2d,    Frankliu     "    ...Cant.  KiMnUlin  I'liiiiiibers. 

3d,    Mercer         "    ...Capt.  Phil.  B.  'Ihoii.pKon. 

4th,  Bciyle  "    ...(Japt.  .-ipeed  s,„itli  !■  ry. 

5tli,  Kenton        "    ...Capt.  G.,-o.  \V.  Ci.tl.r. 

6Jh,  .Iess»n,ine  "    ...Capt.  Wm.  T.  Willis. 

7th,  Lincoln       "    ...Capt.  Wm.  DoukIki  ty. 

8th,  Kenton       "    ...Capt.  Wni,  M.  .loyn,  r. 

loth.  AudereoQ    *'     ...Capt.  Oeo.  \V.Kav;iiiaugL. 
The  1st  regiment  of  cavalry,  Col.  Hum- 


phrey Marshall,  of  Louisville,  Lieut.  Col. 
Ezekiel  H.  Field,  of  Woodford  county, 
Maj.  John  P.  Gaines,  of  Boone  county, 
embraces  the  following  companies  : 


3d,    Favette       "         Capt.  CasBiuB  M.  Clay. 

«h,  Woodford  "         Capt.  Thos.  F.  Marshall. 

.Hh,  Madison    "  Capt.  J.  C.  Stone. 

6tli.  Garrard     "         Capt.  .1.  Frice. 

7th,  Fayette       "         Ciipt.  G.  L.  Postlethwaite. 

SIh.  Gallatin     "  Capt.  J.  S.  Lillard. 

Capt.  John  Shawhan. 

Capt.  -    


10th,  Franklin   "         Capt.  B.  C.  Milam. 

In  addition  to  these,  the  company  of 
John  S.  Williams,  of  Clark  county,  having 
been  excluded  from  the  above  quota  by  a 
mistake,  was  specially  accepted  by  order  of 
the  War  Department.  105  companies  in 
all,  being  75  more  than  were  called  for, 
were  organized,  and  tendered  to  the  gov- 
ernor.    12,000  men  could  have  been  raised, 


reqi 


June  18 — Five  magistrates  of  Franklin 
ounty,  as  members  of  the  county  court, 
re  put  in  jail  for  refusing  to  obey  a  sum- 


appe 


the 


hy  they  refused  to  obey  the 
decision  of  that  court  in  the  case  of  Gor- 
ham  vs.  Luckett. 

June  29 — Appointments  by  President 
Polk  :  Zach.aiy  Taylor,  to  be  major  gen- 
eral in  the  regular  army,  Wm.  0.  Butler, 
of  Carroll  county,  Ky.,  to  be  major  general 
of  volunteers,  .and  Thomas  Marshall,  of 
Lewis  county,  Ky.,  to  be  brigadier  general 
of  volunteers. 

July  8— Trial  of  Lafayette  Shelby  for 
the  killing  of  young  Horine,  at  Lexington, 
concluded  hy  the  non-agreeing  and  the 
discharge  of  the  jury,  who  stood  4  for  con- 
viction and  8  for  acquittal ;  next  day,  he 
is  admitted  to  bail  by  judge  Buckner,  in 
$10,000,  and  released  from  jail.  A  public 
meeting  is  held,  strongly  condemnatory  of 
the  course  and  result  of  the  trial ;  the 
judge  and  8  jurors  hung  in  effigy,  not  only 
in  Lexington,  but  in  Richmond,  Nicholas- 
ville,  Georgetown,  and  other  places.  So 
great  is  the  popular  excitement  and  out- 
break, that  a  majority  of  the  Fayette  and 
Scott  county  bar  deem  it  proper  to  address 
a  communication  to  the  public  in  defense 
of  the  judge,  expressing  high  confidence 
in  the  correctness  of  his  judicial  opinions, 
his  impartiality,  unblemished  integrity, 
and  personal  honor. 

Aug.  5 — In  Mason  county,  1 ,426  vote  for 
the  removal  of  the  county  seat  from  Wash  ■ 
ington  to  Maysville,  and  1,194  against  it 
—majority  232. 

26  whigs  and  12  democrats  elected  to 
the  senate,  and  64  whigs  and  36  democrats 
to  the  house  of  representatives. 

Sept.  1 — Gov.  Owsley  removes  Benj. 
Hardin,  and  appoints  Geo.  B.  Kinkead  in 
his  place  as  secretary  of  state.  Mr.  Har- 
din, in  Oct.,  attempts,  in  the  Franklin 
circuit  court,  by  a  motion  for  a  manda 
mus,  to  test  the  governor's  power  under 
the  constitution  to  remove  him,  but  the 
case  was  taken  under  advisement.  Jan. 
4,  1847,  Gov.  Owsley  brought  the  case  be- 
fore  the  senate,   by    a   long  message  and 


54 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1847. 


nomination  of  Mr.  Kinkead  for  the  office, 
which  Mr.  Hardin  resisted  by  a  memorial.  \ 
The  controversy  was  prolonged  until  Feb.  ' 
16,  when  the  senate,  by  30  to  8,  decided 
that  there  was  no  vacancy  in  the  office, 
and  for  that  reason  rejected  the  nomina-  1 
tion.  On  the  18th,  Mr.  Hardin  informed 
the  senate,  by  communication,  that  he  had  j 
sent  to  the  governor  his  resignation  of  the  \ 
office.  Feb.  20,  the  governor  again  nom- 
inated Mr.  Kinkead,  and  he  was  unani- 
mously confirmed. 

Sept.  24— Capture  of  Monterey,  Mexico. 
The  Louisville  Legion,  being  posted  to 
guard  a  mortar  battery,  and  exposed  to 
the  enemy's  cannon  for  about  24  hours 
without  being  able  to  return  their  fire, 
hold  in  check  the  enemy's  cavalry,  and 
"  display  obedience,  patience,  discipline,  j 
and  calm  courage."  Maj.  Gen.  Wm.  0.  I 
Butler  seriously  wounded,  and  Maj.  Philip 
Norbourne  Barbour,  of  the  3d  regular  in- 
fantry, killed  (both  Kentuckiaris.)  | 

Oct.  4— Duel  at  Port  Lavacca,  Texas, 
between  Capt.  Thos.  F.  Marshall  and 
Lieut.  James  S.  Jackson,  of  Capt.  Cassius 
M.  Clay's  company,  both  of  the  Kentucky 
cavalry  regiment ;  two  shots  exchanged, 
but  both  escape  unhurt. 

Nov.  2— The  number  of  inquiries,  this 
day,  at  the  general  delivery  of  the  Louis- 
ville post  office  for  letters  was  1,9R4— of 
which  538  for  or  by  ladies,  and  1,426  for  or 
by  gentlemen.  The  name  of  Smith  was 
inquired  for  33  times,  of  Johnson  28  times, 
of  Clark  23,  Jones  21,  Wilson  20,  Brown 
19,  Williams  17,  and  Evans  13  times.  This 
was  believed  to  be  an  average  of  the  daily 
applications  at  the  general  delivery. 

Nov.  23 — Celebrated  breach  of  promise 
case  at  Louisville,  Miss  Nano  Hays  vs. 
John  Hays,  results  in  a  verdict  of  $6,000 
for  plaintiff.  * 

Dec.  10— Population  of  Covington,  by  a 
census  just  taken,  4,976. 

Dec.  25— Gen.  Alex.  W.  Doniphan  (for- 
merly of  Mason  county,  Ky.J  defeats  the 
Mexicans  at  Bracito. 

1847)  Jan.  9 — Legislature  passes  an  act 
to  take  the  sense  of  the  people  of  the  state 
as  to  the  propriety  of  calling  a  convention 
to  amend  the  constitution,  by  a  vote  of  30 
to  8   in    the   senate,  and   81    to  17  in  the 

house 16— Benefit  of  clergy  abolished. 

20— Kentucky  Military  institute,  in 

Franklin  county,  incorporated. 

J.an.  14— The  bill  of  most  exciting  and 
absorbing  interest  before  the  legislature, 
to  remove  the  seat  of  justice  of  Mason 
county  from  Washington  to  Maysville,  is 
defeated  in  the  house  by  49  to  51.  Jim. 
28,  a  bill  was  passed  by  67  to  30,  providing 
for  another  and  final  vote  of  th( 
upon  the  question  ;  but,  Feb.  It: 
laid  upon  the  table  in  the  sena 
to  15. 

Jan.  19— Mr.  Ward,  of  Missouri,  and  Ed- 
ward C.  Marshall,  of  Cincinnati,  (both  law- 
yers, and  recently  from  Ky.)  leave  Frank- 
fort for  Utica,  Indiana,  to  fight  a  duel  with 
rifles  at  75  paces.  M.arshall's  shot  missed, 
but  Ward's  took  efi'ect  in  the  fleshy  part  of 


peo|ile 
e,  by'is 


the  thigh  ;  wound  not  dangerous.  Ward 
walked  up  to  Marshall,  who  extended  his 
hand,  and  they  returned  to  Frankfort  as 
friends,  on  the  same  steamboat  which 
brought  them  down  as  enemies.  Just  be- 
fore firing,  Ward  handed  his  second  a 
note,  in  which  he  stated  he  did  not  wish 
to  kill  Marshall,  but  would  hit  him  within 
an  inch  of  the  spot  where  his  ball  took  ef- 
fect. 

Jan.  20— Maj.  John  P.  Gaines  and 
Capt.  Cassius  M.  Clay,  with  30  Ky.  caval- 
ry, and  Maj.  Borland  and  50  Arkansas 
cavali-y,  are  surrounded  at  Encarnacion  by 
an  overwhelming  force  of  Mexican  cavalry, 
and  compelled  to  surrender,  taken  to  the 
city  of  Mexico,  and  imprisoned. 

Jan.  29— Death  of  Monroe  Edwards,  the 
most  expert  forger  in  America,  in  the  hos- 
pital of  Sing  Sing  prison,  N.  Y.,  of  con- 
sumption. 

Feb.  12— On  the  29th  ballot,  after  voting 
on  seven  days,  Jos.  R.  Underwood,  (whig) 
is  elected  U.  S.  senator  for  6  years  from 
March  4,  1847.  During  the  voting,  Rob- 
ert P.  Letcher  received  as  high  as  51,  and 
Thos.  Metcalfe  23  votes  (both  whigs),  and 
Albert  G.  Hawes  46,  Lvnn  Boyd  28,  James 
Guthrie  31,  and  General  Robert  B.  McAfee 
39  votes  (.all  democrats). 

Feb.  17— Flat  boats  and  water  craft  de- 
scending the  slaek-w.atered  rivers,  from  a 
point  above  slack  water,  not  to  pay  tolls 
for  passing  over  the  dams 23 — Char- 
ter of  the  Licking  river  navigation  com- 
pany declared  forfeited Kentucky  Fe- 
male   Orphan    school    incorporated 

Western  Military  institute  (at  George- 
town) incorporated 25 — Act  to  pre- 
vent   the   wanton    destruction    of   fish  by 

seines   or   set    nets 27— Act    for    the 

construction  and  protection  of  Morse'a 
magnetic  telegraphic  lines. 

Feb.  23— Resolutions  passed  by  the  leg- 
islature, complimentary  to  the  Louisville 
Legion,  and  to  Gens.  Zacharv  Taylor  and 
Wm.  0.  Butler  for  their  gaUautiy,  etc., 
in  Mexico,  and  directing  the  presentation 
of  a  sword  to  each  of  those  generals,  and 
to  the  widow  of  Major  Philip  Norbourne 
Barbour.  (M.ij.  B.  fell  at  Monterey,  and 
his  body  was  directed  to  be  buried  in  the 
state  cemetery  at  Frankfort.) 

Feb.  22-S— Gen.  Taylor,  after  two  days 
of  remarkably  severe  fighting,  wins  a  great 
victory  over  the  Mexicans  at  Buena  Vista. 
Of  330  Ky.  cavalrv  under  Col.  Humphrey 
Marshall,  and  571  2d  Ky.  rei;iment  of  foot 
under  Col.  Wm.  K.  MiKce  and  Lieut. 
Col.  Henry  Clay,  Jr.,  27  cavalry  and  44 
foot  are  killed,  and  34  cavalry  and  57  foot 
wounded— among  the  killed  Cols.  McKee 
and  Clav.  The  entire  American  loss  is 
267  killed  and  456  wounded,  out  of  4,759 
engaged  ;  the  Mexican  loss,  of  20,340  en- 
gaged, nearly  2,000,  of  whom  500  are  left 
dead  upon  the  field. 

Feb.  28— Gen.  Doniphan  defeats  the 
Mexicans  at  Sacramento,  in  Chihuahua. 

March  1— Licking  and  Lexington  rail- 
road and  Louisville  and  Frankfort  railroad 
companies  incorporated Central  mound 


1847. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


55 


in  the  Frankfort  cemetery  conveyed  to  the 
state  for  a  public  burying  ground. 

Samuel  H.  Clay,  of  Bourbon  county, 
awarded  by  the  Bourbon  agricultural  so- 
ciety the  premium  for  the  largest  yield  of 
corn  to  the  acre,  grown  in  1846  ;  his  acre 
measured  23    barrels  3  bu.  1  peck  1  gal.  3 

March  10— Four  companies  of  the  16th 
regiment  of  infantry  (regulars)  raised  in 
Ky.,  to  be  under  Col.  John  W.  Tibbatts, 
of  Newport,  Ky. 

March  24— Flood  in  the  Cumberland 
and  Tennessee  rivers,  and  high  water  in 
the  Ohio  ;  at  Paducah,  higher  than  ever 
since  1832,  and  only  about  2)4  feet  lower 
than  the  flood  of  that  year. 

April  18— Storming  of  Cerro  Gordo, 
Mexico.  Capt.  John  S.  Williams'  company 
(the  only  Kentucky  company  engaged)  be- 
have with  distinguished  valor. 

May  12- — Books  for  subscription  to  the 
stock  of  the  Licking  and  Lexington  rail- 
road open  at  Covington  for  3  days,  and 
only  20  shares  taken. 

May  27— Chief  Justice  Ephraim  M.  Sw- 
ing resigns,  and,  June  1,  James  Simpson 
is  appointed  to  the  appellate  bench. 

June  8— Maj.  John  P.  Gaines,  while 
still  a  prisoner  of  war  in  Mexico,  is  nomi- 
nated for  congress  by  a  whig  convention 
at  Covington  ;  and,  Aug.  4,  elected  by  124 
majority  over  Gen.  Lucius  B.  Desha,  the 
democratic  nominee. 

June  9— A  mammoth  ox  of  the  Fatten 
breed,  weighing  3.250  pounds,  raised  in 
Bath  county,  sells  for  $225. 

June  15— Gen.  Leslie  Combs,  in  a  Phil- 
adelphia court,  recovers  a  judgment  for 
$14,500  against  the  bank  of  Ky.  for  fee  as 
a  lawyer  in  the  Schuylkill  bank  case. 

June  22 — Bourbon  county  agricultural 
society  gives  a  premium  for  the  greatest 
amount  of  clean  merchantable  hemp,  the 
product  of  one  acre  of  ground,  to  Isaac 
Wright,  whose  acre  raised  1,355  pounds, 
while  that  of  Michael  Neff  raised  1,200, 
and  th.at  of  John  Allen  Gano  1,192  pounds. 

June  22— Henry  Clay  unites  with  the 
Episcopal  church  at  Lexington,  and  is 
baptized  in  the  parlor  of  his  residence,  at 
Ashland. 

July  1— The  Northern  Bank  of  Ky.  de- 
clares a  semi-annual  dividend  of  ili,  the 
Bank  of  Ky.  of  2K,  and  the  Bank  of  Lou- 
isville of  3  per  cent. 

July  11— Death,  near  Shelbyville,  of  the 
celebrated  race  horse,  American  Eclipse, 
which  made  the  famous 


134 


ace  with  SK'  Hen- 
1,  and  ne<fer  lost  a 


July  20— Remains  of  Col.  Wm.  R.  Mc- 
Kee,  Lieut.  Col.  Henry  Clay,  Jr.,  Capt. 
Wm.  T.  Willis,  Capt.  Wm.  H.Maxcy,  Ad- 
jutant E.  M.  Vaughan,  Lieut.  James  Pow- 
ell and  11  privates,  who  fell  in  Mexico, 
interred  in  ihe  state  cemetery  at  Frank- 
fort;  20,000  people  present;  in  the  proces- 
sion, 11  volunteer  military  companies, 
besides  several  hundred  of  the  returned 
soldiers  from  the  Mexican  war ;  funeral 
discourse  by  Rev.  John  H.  Brown,  D.  D., 


of  Lexington  ;  orator  of  the  day,  Maj. 
John  C.  Breckinridge ;  the  occasion  re- 
markably impressive  and  solemn. 

Aug  4 — To  congress  6  whigs  and  4  dem- 
ocrats elected  ;  to  the  state  senate  27  whiga 
and  11  democrats,  and  to  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives 69  whigs  and  41  democrats. 
The  question  of  calling  a  convention  to 
amend  the  constitution  received  92,639  out 
of  137,311  qualified  voters  in  the  state. 

Aug.  31 — Requisition  upon  Ky.  for  two 
more  regiments  of  infantry  for  service  in 
the  Mexican  war.  Before  Sept.  20,  they 
are  reported  and  organized  as  follows  : 

3d  regiment :  Col.  Manlius  V.  Thomson, 
of  Georgetown,  Lieut.  Col.  Thos.  L.  Crit- 
tenden, of  Frankfort,  Maj.  John  C.  Breck- 
inridge, of  Lexington  : 

1 SI Laurel A.  F.  Caldwell. 

2 »i ICstill W.  P.  Cliiles. 

3 W Slielby Thomas  Tori il. 

4 'Jl B.iurbun Wm.  B.  Simrns. 

s W Scott John  K.  Smith. 

f> « Bath Jam.'S  Ewins. 

7 12:. Firming..,. .LeanJer  M.  Cox. 

io!!!!!!!!!ii7!!!!!!!!!rayi!tte.".'.'.'.'.L'.  b.' liobineon'. 

4th  Regiment:  Col.  John  S.  Williams, 
of  Winchester,  Lieut.  Col.  Wm.  Preston, 
of    Louisville,    Maj.    Wm.    T.    Ward,    of 


..Cal.iwell 


..J.  S.  Corum. 
..G.  B.  Cook. 
..Decins  Mctlre 


12  other  companies  reported — one  each 
from  Mason,  Montgomery,  Fayette,  Madi- 
son, Bullitt,  Hardin,  Campbell,  Harrison 
and  Franklin  counties,  and  three  from  the 
city  of  Louisville ;  a  number  of  others 
partially  made  up,  ceased  their  efforts  on 
learning  that  the  requisition  was  full. 

In  Capt.  Cox's  company,  from  Fleming, 
25  men  were  over  six  feet  high. 

Sept.  16 — Kentucky  soldiers  who  fell 
at  Buena  Vista,  from  Shelby,  Mont- 
gomery, and  Franklin  counties,  interred 
with  funeral  honors  in  the  state  cemetery. 

Sept.  14— Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge, 
D.  D.,  LL.D.,  appointed  superintendent 
of  public  instruction,  to  succeed  Rev.  Ry- 
land  T.  Dillard,  who  resigned  because  of 
ill  health. 

Considerable  interest  among  the  scien- 
tific and  curious,  by  the  publication  of 
Orrin  Lindsay's  "  Voyage  around  the 
Moon,  a  brief  account  of  some  novel  ex- 
periments upon  gravitation,  and  also  a 
narrative    of    two     voyages     into    empty 

Nov.  13— Great  speech  of  Henry  Clay,  at 
Lexington,  on  the  Mexican  war. 

Nov.  22— Edwin  Bedford,  of  Bourbon 
county,  sells  to  Mr.  Beresford,  of  Cincinnati, 
seven  hogs  of  his  own  raising,  which  aver- 
age in  weight  720  pounds. 

Nov.  27— A  lady  now    living  in    Mays- 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


ville,  only  68  years  old,  has  had  160  de- 
scendants, Slie  was  married  at  14,  was 
a  mother  at  15  vears  and  two  months,  and 
has  had  18  children  ;  her  grandchildren 
have  exceeded  100  in  number,  of  whom  89 
arc  living  ;  she  has  28  great-grandchild- 
ren living,  and  has  buried  10. 

Dec.  9  and  10— Remarkably  heavy  rains, 
producing  a  great  freshet  in  Licking,  Ken- 
tucky, and  Cumberland  rivers  and  their 
branches ;  several  small  streams  rise  so 
fast  during  the  night  of  Dec.  10th,  as  to 
compel  people  to  flee  in  their  night-clothes 
to  the  second  story  of  their  houses  and  to 
the  hills.  The  North  Fork  of  Licking  was 
from  5  to  10  feet  higher  than  ever  known  ; 
and  just  south  of  Millersburg,  the  Mays- 
ville  and  Lexington  Turnpike  road  was  for 
several  hours  overflowed  to  the  depth  of  1 
to  10  feet.  Much  of  the  town  of  Frank- 
fort was  submerged,  the  water  from  3  to  6 
feet  deep  in  houses.  Immense  damage 
done,  in  washing  away  houses,  mills, 
dams,  fences,  stacks  of  grain  and  hay, 
hogs  and  other  farm  stock.  On  Lulbegrud 
creek,  in  Clark  and  Montgomery  coun- 
ties, Boone's  creek  in  Fayette,  Benson 
creek  in  Franklin,  and  Valley  creek  in 
Hardin  county,  every  mill  was  swept  off, 
and  most  of  those  on  Elkhorn  and  its  forks. 

Dec.  16  to  18— Second  greatest  flood,  in 
this  century,  in  the  Ohio  river;  water,  at 
some  points,  61^3  feet  above  low  water 
mark ;  immense  damage  done  by  the 
undermining  of  houses,  causing  their  fall 
and  loss  of  contents ;  in  thousands  of 
dwellings  the  water  up  to  the  second  floor, 
and  occupants  fleeing  for  their  lives. 

Dec.  17 — Deepest  snow  for  10  years  past, 
through  middle  and  eastern  Kentucky. 

Dec.  18— Ben.  B.  Grooms,  of  Clark  coun- 
ty, sells  to  Alex.  Stewart,  a  Cincinnati 
butcher,  a  Durham  steer,  5  years  old,  gross 
weight  considerably  ever  3,000  pounds, 
net  weight  2,385  pounds,  for  10  cents  per 
pound  net;  the  steer  was  16  hands  1  inch 
high,  and  took  the  premium,  last  Sept.,  at 
the  Bourbon  agricultural  fair. 

Dec.  30— New  steamboat  A.  N.  Johnston 
blown  up,  when  10  miles  above  Maysville, 
at  1:30  A.  M.  ;  about  45  persons  killed,  or 
die  from  wounds,  and  many  more  wounded. 

Dec.  31 — Lines  of  telegraph  being  erected 
from  Maysville  to  Nashville,  via  Lexing- 
ton, Frankfort,  Louisville,  Bardstown, 
and  Bowling  Green,  and  from  Maysville 
to  Cincinnati. 

1848,  Jan.  6— G.  L.  Pittman,  editor  of 
the  Ploughboy  at  Richmond,  mortally 
wounded  by  a  pistol  shot  in  self-defense 
from  Col.  James  W.  Caperton. 

Jan.  14 — Duel  between  Lieut.  Hanson 
and  Wm.  Duke,  of  Fayette  county,  at  a 
point  in  Indiana  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Ky.  river;  Hanson  badly  wounded  in  the 
leg,  on  the  fourth  fire. 

The  bill  removing  the  county  seat  of 
Mason  county  from  Washington  to  Mays- 
ville passes  the  house  of  representatives 
with  only  four  dissenting  votes  ;  and,  Jan. 
18,  the  senate,  with  only  two  votes 
against. 


Jan.  15 — Legislature  passes  an  act  to 
take  another  vote  upon  the  propriety  of 
calling  a  convention  to  amend  the  consti- 
tution  29 — Also,  a  severe  law  against 

gambling. 

Feb.  5 — Turnpike  roads  in  which  the 
sta.te  holds  stock  empowered  to  permit 
regular  ministers  of  the  gospel  to  travel 
over  them  toll-free,  when    on    ministerial 

duties 25— $15,000   appropriated   to 

pay  for  a  military  monument  in  the  state 
cemetery,    "  to  commemorate  the  deeds  of 

Kentucky's  gallant  dead." 28— $15,- 

000  appropriated  for  the  location  and  erec- 
tion of  a  second  Kentucky  lunatic  asylum. 

Ky.  senators  and  representatives  In 

congress  requested  to  aid  in  the  adoption 
of  Asa  Whitney's  plan  for  a  "  Pacific  rail- 
road," from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  Pacific 


.Thr 


pointed  to  negotiate  with  commissioners 
from  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois  for  the 
settlement  of  the  boundary  and  jurisdic- 
tion upon  that  part  of  the  Ohio  river  di- 
viding Ky.    from    those   states 29 — 

Ratio  of  representation  for  next  four 
years  fixed  at  1,373  votes  for  each  reprc- 


Feb.  29— An 
school  system.  Sec.  3,  provides  for  a  vote 
next  August  '*  upon  the  propriety  and  ex- 
pediency of  imposing  a  tax  of  two  cents 
on  each  $100  worth  of  taxable  property, 
for  the  purpose  of  establishing  more  per- 
manently a  common  school  system  in  the 

March  1 — The  legislature  passes  resolu- 
tions complimentary  to  Major  John  P. 
Gaines,  Capt.  Cassius  M.  Clay,  Lieut.  Geo. 
Davidson,  and  their  30  companions  in  arms, 
taken  prisoners  at  Encarnacion  by  3,000 
Mexicans  ;  also,  to  Capt.  Wm.  J.  Heady, 
Lieut.  Thos.  J.  Churchill,  and  their  18 
companions,  taken  prisoners  by  a  superior 
Mexican  force;  also,  to  Major  John  P. 
Gaines  for  "honorably  withdrawing  his 
parole  as  a  prisoner  of  war,  making  his 
escape  to  the  American  army,  and  with  it 
gallantly  fighting  at  Cherubusco,  Chapul- 
tepec,  and  all  the  battles  fought  before 
the  walls  and  in  the  city  of  Mexico- 
he  being  the  only  volunteer  from  Ky.  who 
participated  in  the  achievements  of  Gen. 
Scott  and  his  army  in  those  memorable 
victories."  [Francis  M.  Lisle,  of  Clark 
county,  a  member  of  Capt.  John  S.  Wil- 
liams* company  in  1846,  instead  of  return- 
ing with  it,  remained  and  went  unhurt 
through  all  the  battles  to  the  city  of  Mex- 
ico, part  of  the  time  as  volunteer  aid  to 
Gen.  Twiggs.] 

May  21 — Death,  in  Garrard  county,  of 
Mrs.  Mary  Bryant,  aged  77,  widow  of 
Capt  John  Bryant,  and  last  child  of  Thos. 
Owslev,  who  emigrated  to  Ky.  from  Va. 
in  1785.  Mrs.  B.  was  the  mother  of  15 
children,  and  had  94  grandchildren,  108 
great-grandchildren,  and  3  great-great- 
grandchildren— in  all  220  descendants. 

May  26— Gen.  Lewis  Cass,  of  Michigan, 
and  Gen.  Wm.  0.  Butler,  of  Ky.,  nomi- 
nated by  the  Democratic  national  conven- 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


57 


tion    at  Baltimore  for  president  and  vice- 
president. 

June  8— Gen.  Zaehary  Taylor,  of  La., 
(for  40  years  a  Kentucldan),  and  Millard 
Fillmore,  of  N.  Y.,  nominated  by  the 
Whig  national  convention  at  Philadelphia 
for  president  and  vice-president.  For 
president  the  several  ballotings  were  : 

1st.      2d.       3d.    4th. 

Zaehary  Taylor Ill        118       l:a       171 

Henry  Cliiv 97         86         74         32 

«eli.  WiliflelJ  Scott 43  50  H  63 


On  the  first  three  ballots,  5  of  the  Ky. 
delegation,  Jas.  Campbell,  Jas.  Harlan, 
John  B.  Huston,  Geo.  T.  Wood,  and  Wm. 
R.  Griffith  voted  for  Mr.  Clay,  and  John 
A.  McClung,  Jas.  B.  Husbands,  Littleton 
Beard.  Jas.  W.  Hays,  Josiah  A.  Jackson, 
Robert  Mallory,  and  Benj.  Franklin  Bedin- 
ger  (7)  for  Gen.  Taylor  ;  on  the  last  ballot 
James  Harlan  alone  voted  for  Mr.  Clay. 

June  22— John  J.  Crittenden  resigns  as 
II.  S.  senator,  to  make  the  race  for  gov- 
ernor ;  and  Thos.  Metcalfe  is  .appointed  by 
Gov.  Ow.«ley  to  succeed  him.  The  appoint- 
ment had  first  been  tendered  to  Henry 
Clay,  who  declined  it. 

July  1— Hopkinsville  selected  as  the  lo- 
cation for  the  new  lunatic  asylum ;  and 
the  "Spring  Hill"  farm  of  380  acres  is 
deeded  for  that  purpose  to  the  state  by 
the  citizens. 

July  6 — Message  of  President  Polk  to 
congress,  announcing  the  end  of  the  war 
with  Mexico  —  the  ratifications  of  the 
treaty  having  been  exchanged  at  Quereta- 
ro,  Mexico,  May  30,  1848. 

July  7— Resignation  of  Col.  James  Da- 
vidson, as  treasurer  of  state,  who  has  held 
the  office  since  Dec,  1825. 

Aug.  9 — -Vote  for  governor:  John  J. 
Crittenden  (whig)  66,466,  Lazarus  W. 
Powell  (democrat)  57, 945— majority  8,521 ; 
for  lieutenant  governor,  John  L.  Helm  (w.) 
64,271,  John  P.  Martin  (dem.)  56,549— 
majority  7,722.  The  senate  stands  whigs 
27,  democrats  11  ;  and  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives 64  whigs,  36  democrats. 

There  were  101,828  votes  cast  in  favor 
of  calling  a  convention  to  amend  the  con- 
stitution, out  of  141,620  total  voters  in  the 

74,628  votes  were  cast  in  favor  of,  and 
37,746  against,  the  proposed  tax  of  two 
cents  on  the  $100  of  taxable  property,  for 
common  schools.  The  following  is  the 
vote  in  some  of  the  counties  : 

For.     Ag't.  For.     Ag't. 

Artair rm       60fi     Hardin 449      14.i8 


Case-: 


Cumberlanii...3J0       417     Monr 

Glecn 362        637     Oldhii 

Knt^""}--^        129     W-': 


Aug.  5,  Saturday  night— 13  slaves  in  : 
gang  escape  to  Ohio,  from  the  neighbor 
hood  one  mile  north  of  Lewisburg,  in  Ma 
son  county  ;  and  42  slaves  in  a  gang  fron 
Fayette  and  Bourbon  counties,  attempt  tt 


escape,  but  after  proceeding  38  miles,  to 
the  neighborhood  of  Claysville,  Harrison 
county,  or  of  Waller's  mill  a  few  miles 
north,  in  Bracken  county,  an  effort  to  cap- 
ture them  brought  on  a  battle,  in  which  a 
negro  shot  and  dangerously  wounded  a 
white  man,  Chas.  H.  Fowler.  The  ne- 
groes scattered,  but  were  all  captured  and 
secured,  20  at  Claysville,  19  in  jail  at 
Brooksville.  The  ringleader,  a  white  ab- 
olitionist named  Patrick  or  E.  J.  Doyle, 
(who  had  bargained  to  take  each  slave  to 
a  place  of  security  for  $10  each,  which  he 
received  from  some,  a  stolen  gold  watch 
from  another,  etc.,)  was  taken  to  Lexing- 
ton for  trial,  and,  Oct.  10,  sentenced  to 
hard  labor  in  the  penitentiary  for  20  years, 
on  the  charge  of  enticing  away  slaves.  In 
Bracken  county,  the  grand  jury  found  a 
true  bill  against  7  of  the  negroes  for  con- 
spir.acy,  insurrection  and  rebellion,  and 
another  for  shooting  with  intent  to  kill. 
On  the  first  charge,  3  were  found  guilty 
and  4  not  guilty.  The  negroes  belonged 
2  to  EM  Currant  of  Bourbon  county,  the 
others  in  Fayette  county,  1  each  to  Cas- 
sius  M.  Clay,  Starke  Taylor,  Sam'l  R. 
Bullock  as  executor  of  Satterwhite,  Rich- 
ard Pindell,  Thos.  Christian,  Alex.  Prew- 
itt,  Mr.  Chinn,  Mr.  Wardlow,  and  others. 

Sept.  16— Ohio  river  at  a  lower  stage  of 
water  than  for  ten  years  previous. 

Sept.  30— Col.  Edward  Brooks  reaches 
Frankfort  with  the  bones  of  the  brave 
Kentuckians  who  were  massacred  by  the 
Indians  at  the  River  Raisin,  Jan.  18, 1812, 
which  are  interred  in  the  state  cemetery. 
They  had  been  found  in  a  common  grave, 
and  upturned,  while  digging  down  a  street 
in  Monroe,  Michigan.  The  skulls  were 
all  cloven  with  the  tomahawk,  and  an 
aged  French  citizen,  a  survivor  of  the 
massacre,  knew  them  as  the  bones  of  the 
unfortunate  Kentuckians,  because  be  re- 
membered the  spot  where  they  were  buried. 

Oct.  7— About  40  negroes  in  Woodford 
county  have  been  furnished  with  free 
passes  by  abolitionists,  and  are  to  steal 
horses  and  ride  off  to  Ohio  to-night,  but 
the  plot  is  discovered  and  defeated. 

Nov.  7— Vote  for  president  and  vice- 
president:  Zaehary  Taylor  and  Millard 
Fillmore  67,486,  Lewis  Cass  and  Wm.  0. 
Butler  49,865— majority  17,524. 

1849,  Jan.  2— The  house  of  representa- 
tives, on  the  22d  ballot,  elects  Gwyn 
Page,  of  Louisville,  speaker:  Page  61, 
Mark  E.  Huston  30.  The  Whig  vote  pre- 
viously had  been  divided  between  George 
Robertson,  32  voles,  and  Willis  6.  Hughes, 
24  votes— the  friends  of  neither  yielding 
their  preference,  until  the  withdrawal  of 
Judge  Robertson  on  the  21st  ballot,  when 
they  united  on  Mr.  Page. 

Jan.  3— Gen.  Thos.  Metcalfe  elected 
U.  S.  senator  until  March  4, 1849  ;  he  now 
holds  the  office  by  appointment  of  the  gov- 
ernor ;  he  received  88  votes.  Col.  Lazarus 
W.  Powell  38. 

Jan.  13 — Act  passed  the  legislature  "  to 
call  a  convention  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
adopting,  amending  or   changing  the  con- 


58 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Btitution   of  the  state,"  at  Frankfort,  Oct. 
1,  1849. 

Jan.  14— Very  heavy  rains  for  48  hours, 
in  northern  and  eastern  Ky. ;  the  Oliio 
river  rises  20  feet  in  24  hours,  and  the 
Licking  is  2  feet  higher  than  ever  known  ; 
many  mills  washed  off  and  much  damage 


,er  d'esi 


the 


for 


i  the  I 


7  0{i 


pioneer  and  first  settler  of  Jlaysville  and 
of  Northern  Kentucky;  they  raise  the 
funds  to  pay  for  the  monument,  decide 
upon  its  plan,  and  obtain  the  consent  (Feb. 
6)  of  his  only  surviving  son,  of  Mr.  Mc- 
Chord,  a  son-in-law,  and  of  the  other 
members  of  the  family,  to  the  removal  of 
his  remains  from  Ohio  to  the  spot  thus 
proposed.  [The  praiseworthy  purpose 
was  subsequently  abandoned.  Why,  we 
know  not.— Ed.] 

Jan.  24— Earthquake  at  Hickman,  Ky. ; 
very  sensibly  felt  for  some  seconds,  and 
the  rumbling  sound  distinctly  heard  for 
nearly  a  minute. 

Feb.  1— Henry  Clay  elected  U.  S.  sena- 
tor for  six  years  from  March  1,  1849  :  Clay 
92,  Richard  M.  Johnson  45. 

Feb.  3— The  Ky.  house  of  representa- 
tives, by    ayes   9.3,  nays  0,  adopt   the  fol- 

"  Resolved,  That  we,  the  representatives 
of  the  people  of  Kentucky,  are  opposed  to 
abolition  or  emancipation  of  slavery  in  anj' 
form  or  shape  whatever,  except  as  now 
provided  for  by  the  constitution  and  laws 
of  the  state." 

Feb.  3  — Steamboat  Hibornia  No.  2 
makes  a  (racing)  trip  from  Cincinnati  to 
Pittsburg  in  47  hours  8  minutes— not  so 
good  time  by  nearly  4  hours  as  that  of  the 
Telegraph  No.  2,  in  her  recent  race  with  the 
Brilliant. 

Feb.  9— Second  boat-load  of  coal  ever 
brought  down  Licking  river,  reaches 
Lower  Blue  Licks,  and  the  coal,  900  bush- 
els, is  wagoned  to  Paris.  The  first  load 
was  brought  down,  in  the  spring  of  1848, 
to  Claysville,  and  the  coal  wagoned  recent- 
ly to  Cynthiana,  and  sold  at  21  cents  p«r 
bushel.  Both  loads  were  from  Morgan 
county,  near  West  Liberty. 

Feb.  12 — Emancipation  meeting  at 
Maysville,  and,  next  day,  one  at  Louis- 
ville ;  the  beginning  of  a  very  earnest  and 
exciting  canvass  for  delegates  to  the  con- 
vention to  amend  the  constitution,  the 
gradual  emancipation  of  slaves  forming 
one  of  the  leading  topics  of  public,  private, 
and  newspaper  discussions. 

Gen.  Zachary  Taylor,  president-elect, 
on  his  way  to  Washington  city,  by  special 
invitation'visits  Louisville,  Feb.  11,  Frank- 
fort, Feb.  13,  and  Maysville,  Feb.  17.  He 
is  received  with  distinguished  considera- 
tion by  the  governor  and  legislature,  and 
with  great  enthusiasm  by  the  people  every- 
where. He  had  been  for  forty  years  a  cit- 
izen of  Jefi'erson  county,  near  Louisville  ; 
and,  as  his  first  otEcial  duty  as    a  lieuten- 


ant, was  stationed  at  Washington,  Mason 
county,  for  recruiting  purposes,  in  1809. 

Feb.  12 — Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylva- 
nia confirms  the  decree  of  the  Philadelphia 
court  of  common  pleas,  in  favor  of  the 
whole  claim  of  the  Bank  of  Kentucky  va. 
the  Schuylkill  Bank,  for  $1,343,500;  but 
the  assets  of  the  latter  hank  amount  to  only 
$430,000— making  the  loss  of  the  former 
over  $900,000. 

Feb.  19— Act  passed  directing  that  "  the 
following  names  of  battles  and  campaigns 
be  inscribed  upon  the  bands  of  the  Milita- 
ry Monument:  Boonshorough,  Blue  Licks, 
Estill's  Defeat.  St.  Clair's  Defeat,  Har- 
mar's  Defeat,  Wayne's  Campaign,  Indian 
AVars,  Tippecanoe,  Raisin,  Mississiniway, 
Fort  Meigs,  Thames,  New  Orleans,  Mon- 
terey, Cerro  Gordo,  Buena  Vista,  Mexico; 
that  the  names  of  such  distinguished  citi- 
zens of  Kentucky  as  fell  in  said  battles, 
campaigns  and  Indian  wars  be  inscribed 
on  the  shaft,  beneath  said  bands ;  and 
that  the  dedication  on  the  monument  shall 
show  that  it  is  erected  by  a  grateful  coun- 
try in  honor  of  the  private  soldiers,  equal- 
ly with  that  of  the  officers." 24— Law 

of  1833  amended,  so  as  no  longer  to  pro- 
hibit persons  from  purchasing  and  bring- 
ing into  the  state  slaves  for  their  own  use. 
26- Two  acts  for  the  benefit  of  com- 
mon schools  ;  one  section  **  forever  sets 
apart  and  dedicates,  as  an  addition.al  fund 
for  common  schools,  the  net  proceeds 
arising   from  the    Kentucky,    Green    and 

Barren   river    n.avigation." 27  —  An 

act  requires  all  claims  against  the  estates 
of  deceased  persons  to  be  purged  of  usury. 

March  20— Great  storm  in  central  Ky., 
extending  through  Nelson,  Shelby,  Mercer, 
Woodford,  Jessamine,  Fayette,  and  other 
counties  ;  in  Nelson,  accompanied  with 
loss  of  life  and  limb,  and  there  and  in 
Shelby  with  a  serious  destruction  of  prop- 
erty ;  at  Shelbyville,  partially  or  entirely 
unroofing,  or  throwing  down  the  walls  of, 
Masonic  hall,  colored  Baptist  church,  rope 
walk,  mechanics'  shops,  dwellings,  stables, 
carri.nge  houses,  and  other  buildings. 

March  28— The  Washington  city  Na- 
tional Intelligencer,  of  this  date,  contains 
a  letter  from  a  distinguished  New  England 
democrat.  Hon.  Wm.  C.  Bradlev,  on  the 
old  exploded  but  oft  revived  calumny  of 
"bargain  and  intrigue"  between  Henry 
Clay  and  John  Quincy  Adams.  Mr.  B. 
was  a  supporter  of  Mr.  Clay  at  the  election 
in  1824,  and  afterwards  held  a  conversa- 
tion with  him  on  the  subject  of  the  elec- 
tion ;  in  which  Mr.  Clay  expressed  himself 
freely,  and  declared  that  he  could  not  and 
would  not  vote  for  Gen.  Jackson,  and  that 
Mr.  Crawford's  health  precluded  the  idea 
of  his  election ;  thus,  he  felt  himself 
obliged  to  vote  for  Mr.  Adams.  On  being 
informed  of  this,  Mr.  Adams  requested  an 
interview  with  Mr.  Clay,  but  was  refused 
by  the  latter.  The  letter  of  Mr.Bradley  says: 

"  Circumstances  soon  after  placed  me 
very  une.\pectedly  in  violent  opposition  to 
that  a.lministration.  But  from  that  time 
to   this,  when  called  upon,  I    have  never 


1850. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


59 


hesitated  to  repel  the  insinuation  that  Mr. 
Clay's  support  of  Mr.  Adams  was  procured 
by  any  bargain  or  intrigue  whatever  be- 
tween them  ;  and  of  this  I  gave  you,  when 
here,  an  instance.  At  the  Democratic  con- 
vention at  Baltimore  which  nominated 
Mr.  Van  Buren  for  vice-president,  being 
on  the  committee  of  one  member  from 
each  state  to  prep.are  an  address,  when  one 
was  presented  and  afterwards  read  by  the 
secretary,  (the  present  U.  S.  senator,  John 
A.  Dix,)  in  which  this  very  imputation 
was  more  than  insinuated,  I  hastened  to 
declare  that  I  could  not  in  conscience  and 
honor  approve,  or  consent  to  subscribe  to, 
such  a  paper — because  my  intimate  per- 
sonal acquaintance  with  the  whole  trans- 
action enabled  me  to  say  that  the  charge 
was  untrue  and  unjust.  You  may  remem- 
ber that  no  address  issued  from  that  con- 
April  5— In  the  circuit  court  of  Fulton 
county,  Col.  J.  Leigh,  arraigned  for  ac- 
cepting a  challenge  to  tight  a  duel,  is  found 
guilty,  and  fined  $150. 

April  23 — Steamboat  Belle  Key  arrives 
at  Louisville  in  4  days  23  hours  7  minutes 
from  New  Orleans.  Time  to  Vicksburg, 
33  h.  20  min. ;  to  Memphis,  2  days  17  h. 
65  min. ;  to  Cairo,  3  days  14  h.  65  min. 

April  24— Two  mules  on  exhibition  in 
Cincinnati,  4  years  old,  each  18  hands 
high,  and  together  weighing  3,000  pounds, 
raised  by  Mr.  Thomas,  Scott  co.,  Ky. 

April  25 — State  Emancipation  conven- 
tion, at  Frankfort,  recommends  that  these 
two  points  be  insisted  on  in  the  new  con- 
stitution, and  that  candidates  be  run  in 
every  county  favorable  to  these  or  similar 
provisions:  1.  The  absolute  prohibition 
of  the  importation  of  any  more  slaves  into 
Ky.  ;  2.  The  complete  power  to  enforce  and 
perfect,  under  the  new  constitution,  when- 
ever the  people  desire  it,  a  system  of  grad- 
ual prospective  emancipation  of  slaves. 

May  10— Population  of  Maysville,  by  a 
census  just  taken,  4,569. 

May  H  — Elder  Alexander  Campbell, 
of  Bethany,  Va.,  in  his  Millennial  Harbin- 
ger for  May,  addresses  "A  Tract  to  the 
People  of  Kentucky,"  on  the  emancipa- 
tion question. 

May  31 — During  this  month,  deaths 
from  cholera  at  Maysville  19,  elsewhere  in 
Mason  county  26;  in  Augusta  2,  in  Ver 
sallies  1,  in  Georgetown  2,  in  Burlington, 
Boone  county,  1,  in  the  lunatic  asylum  at 
Lexington  14. 

June  15— Fatal  rencontre  at  a  public 
speaking  at  Foxtown,  Madison  county,  be- 
tween Capt.  Cassius  M.  Clay,  on  one  side, 
and  Cyrus  Turner,  a  representative  in  the 
legislature  from  that  county  last  winter, 
and  others,  in  which  Clay  was  dangerously 
stabbed  by  some  unknown  party,  and  Tur- 
ner fatally  stabbed  by  Clay,  dying  in  34 
hours. 

Large  emigration,  during  last  three 
months,  from  Ky.  to  California,  in  search 
of  rich  placers  of  gold ;  trip  across  the 
plains  made  in  85  to  100  days  from  Inde- 
pendence, Missouri. 


June  30 — Deaths  by  cholera,  during  this 
month,  at  Maysville  and  vicinity  34,  at 
Lexington  21,  at  the  Eastern  lunatic  asy- 
lum near  Lexington  33,  at  Louisville  60, 
and  a  few  at  Bowling  Green  and  other 
points  ;  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1098. 

July  31— During  this  month,  112  deaths 
by  cholera  occurred  at  Maysville,  11  in 
Harlow  Yancey's  family  in  Mason  county, 
217  at  Lexington,  36  in  Fayette  county, 
59  at  Paris,  141  at  Louisville,  16  at  Rich- 
mond, 14  at  Paducah,  about  40  at  Coving- 
ton, and  1859  at  Cincinnati. 

Aug.  8 — To  congress,  6  whigs  and  4 
democrats  elected  ;  to  the  convention  to  re- 
vise the  constitution,  48  whigs  and  52  dem- 
ocrats ;  to  the  state  senate,  26  whigs  and 
12  democrats;  and  to  the  house  of  repi-e- 
sentatives,  58  whigs  and  42  democrats. 

Aug  31— During  this  month,  73  deaths 
from  cholera  in  Lexington,  23  in  Paris,  36 
in  Richmond,  9  in  Danville,  and  many  in 
the  smaller  towns  and  through  the  country. 

Sept.  28— The  woods  all  through  north- 
ern and  central  Ky.  swarming  with  squir- 
rels, who  ravage  the  cornfields  and  most 
of  the  forest.  A  similar  visitation  oc- 
curred in  1833,  just  after  the  cholera  dis- 
appeared. 

Oct.  1— Convention  to  revise  the  consti- 
tution organized,  at  Frankfort,  by  electing 
James  Guthrie  president:  Guthrie  (demo- 
crat) 50,  Archibald  Dixon,  (whig)  43. 
Among  the  members,  are  42  lawyers,  36 
farmers,  9  physicians,  4  merchants,  3 
clerks,  2  preachers,  1  hotel-keeper,  and  one 

Oct.  2— News  just  received  from  Hun- 
gary of  the  hanging,  by  the  Austrian  ty- 
rant. Gen.  Haynau,  of  the  bishop  of  Et- 
lau  and  60  Hungarian  ministers  of  the 
gospel,  who  were  charged  with  praying 
for  the  success  of  their  country's  cause. 

Deo.  31  — Gov.  Crittenden's  message 
shows  the  debt  of  the  state,  on  Nov.  1, 
1849,  $4,497,652  ;  which  could  be  reduced 
at  any  time  $1,270,000,  by  the  sale  of  the 
stock  in  the  Ky.  banks  owned  by  the  state. 
$112,329  of  the  state  debt  had  been  paid 
off  since  Jan.,  1848.  Besides  the  above, 
the  state  pays  interest  at  5  per  cent  on  the 
school  fund  bonds  of  $1,168,268  and  at  6 
per  cent  on  $67,500  more.  The  annual 
common  school  fund  for  1850  is  estimated 
at  $150,000. 

1850,  Jan.  13— Snow  falls,  12  to  15  inches 
deep. 

Jan.  24 — The  legislature  requests  the 
governor  to  cause  a  block  of  Ky.  marble  to 
be  placed  in  the  "  Gen.  Washington  Mon- 
ument" at  Washington  city,  with  these 
words  engraved  on  it :  "  Under  the  aus- 
pices of  Heaven,  and  the  precepts  of 
Washington,  Kentucky  will  be  the  last  to 
give  up  the  Union." 

Jan.  28 — Steam  job-boat  Beauty  ascends 
the  Licking  river  86  miles  above  Fal- 
mouth, and  brings  out  freight. 

Feb.  15 — Legislature  passes  an  act  to 
encourage  the  organization  of  the  Southern 
Bank  of  Ky.,  and  extending  its  charter  to 
1880 Farmers'    Bank    of    Ky.  char- 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


tered,  with  branches  at  Covington,  Prince- 
ton, Henderson,  Bardstown,  Maysville, 
Mountsterling  (ind  Somerset,  and  another 
ther     at     llussellville     or    Georgetown; 

pital    stock     $2,300,000 20  — The 

thanks  and  gratitude  of  the  people  of  Ky., 
and  a  sword,  tendered  to  sergeant  Wm.  F. 
Gaines,  of  Oeorgetown,  "the  boy  defender 
of  the  glorious  banner  of  the  2d  regiment 
of  Ky.  infantry  at  the  battle  of  Buena 
Vista;"  his  name  to  be  inscribed  on  a  plate 
of  metal,  and  attached  to  the  flagstaft'  of 

the    colors 26 — Limited  i)artnerships 

authorized The  governor  authorized 

to  appoint  3  commissioners  to  prepare  a 
code  of  practice,  and  3  others  to  revise  the 
statute-laws. 

March  1 — Legislature  provides  for  a  spe- 
cial election  in  May  next,  to  take  the  sense 
of  the  pe<pple  on  the  adoption  or  rejection 
of  the  new  constitution $45,000  ap- 
propriated towards  completing  the  new 
lunatic  asylum  at  Uopkinsville,  and  $10,- 
000  for  additional  buildings  at  the  Lexing- 
ton lunatic  asylum 6 — Any  deaf  and 

dumb  child  (within  certain  ages)  in  Ky. 
may  be  admitted  to  the  asylum  at  Dan- 
ville, at  state  expense,  if  the  parents  and 
friends   can  not  or  do  not  provide  for  its 

education    and  support  while   there 

4— $400  appropriated  to  Edward  H.  Nock, 
for  the  portrait  of  Gov.  Shelby  now  sus- 
pended in  the  senate  chamber. 

March  4 — Gov.  Crittenden  appoints,  and 
the  senate  unanimously  confirms,  Madison 
C.  Johnson,  of  Fayette,  James  Harlan,  of 
Franklin,  and  Preston  F.  Loughborough, 

the  rules  of  practice,  and  Ephraim  M. 
Ewing,  of  Logan,  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe,  of 
Nelson,  and  Squire  Turner,  of  Madison,  to 
codify  the  statutes. 

March  15— John  W.  Finnell  appointed 
secretary  of  state,  vice  Joshua  F.  Bell,  re- 
April  4 — Shock  of  an  earthquake  at  8:05 
P.  M.,  distinctly  felt  all  over  the  state  ;  in 
Louisville,  many  persons  fled  from  their 
houses  into  the  streets ;  no  damage 
done. 

April  13— A  fierce,  driving  snow  storm 
in  northern  Kentucky. 

Population  of  Lexington,  by  a  new  cen- 
sus, 7,920. 

April  17 — Rain,  h.iil,  snow,  sleet,  and 
high  wind,  in  the  morning  ;  at  night,  ice 
forms. 

April  22— Burning  of  the  steamboat 
Belle  of  the  West,  in  the  Ohio  river,  below 
Warsaw,  Ky. ;  36  lives  lost. 

May  2 — Explosion  of  the  steamboat 
Ironton,  half  a  mile  above  Vaneeburg ;  6 
lives  lost. 

Large  emigration  from  Kentucky  to  the 
California  gold  mines. 

May  7 — New  constitution  of  Ky.  adopted; 
for  the  constitution  71,653,  against  it  20,- 
302— majority  51,351. 

May  27— The  governor  of  Ky.  visits 
Indianapolis,  at  the  invitation  of  the  gov- 
ernor of  Indiana  ;  he  is  accompanied  by 
a  number  of   distinguished  Kentuckians; 


splendid  reception,  and  enthusiastic  Unioa 
speeches. 

June  3 — Convention  to  form  a  new  con- 
stitution re-assembles  at  Frankfort,  pursu- 
ant to  adjournment ;  4  new  delegates, 
elected  to  fill  vacancies,  sworn  in:  James 
D.  Alcorn  of  Pulaski,  Wm.  W.  Blair  of 
Fleming,  Richard  H.  Hanson  of  Bourbon, 
and  Dan.  J.  Stephens,  of  Breckinridge. 
June  6,  the  convention  adopts  all  the 
amendments  projiosed  by  the  committee  of 
revision  to  the  first  three  articles.  June 
11,  the  convention  finishes  its  amendments, 
formally  proclaims  the  new  constitution, 
ana    adjourns.     A  national  salute  fired  in 

Meetings  held,  in  various  parts  of  the 
state,  to  indicate  the  popular  sentiment  in 
favor  of  the  Union,  and  of  the  compromise 
of  the  congressional  committee  of  thirteen, 
of  which  Henry  Clay  is  chairman. 

Population  of  the  state  (8th  in  point  of 
population)  982,405;  whites  761,413,  for- 
eign-born 31,420,  free  colored  10,011,  and 
slaves  210,981 ;  of  slave  increase,  the  ratio 
is  15^  per  cent.,  and  of  total  increase,  26 
per  cent. 

June  14— John  Norris,  of  Boone  county, 
Ky.,  recovers  a  judgment  in  the  U.  S. 
circuit  court  at  Indianapolis,  of  $2,800 
and  costs  (about  $2,000)  against  Newlan, 
Crocker,  and  others,  for  runaway  slaves  of 
Norris  which  he  had  recaptured  at  South 
Bend,  Indiana,  and  which  they  then  took 
from  him  by  force. 

June  25 — Battle  Monument  completed 
and  erected  in  the  state  cemetery  at  Frank- 
fort. 

July  9 — Death  of  the  president  of  the 
United  States,  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor. 

July  30 — John  J.  Crittenden  resigns  as 
governor,  to  become  attorney  general  in 
President  Fillmore's  cabinet.  John  L. 
Helm  inaugurated  as  governor. 

Julv  31 — Defeat  of  the  compromise  bill 
in  the"  U.  S.  senate. 

Julv  31— Deaths  from  cholera  since  July 
23,  in" Louisville  113,  in  Frankfort  23,  and 
a  Tew  others  elsewhere  in  the  state. 

Aug.  5— To  the  state  senate  25  whigs 
and  13  democrats  elected,  and  to  the  house 


jpresen 


57  whii 


43  demo- 
ore  found 


Aug.  15 — Specimens  of  silv 
near  the  Cumberland  Falls. 

The  Elizabethtown  "Register"  records 
the  finding,  among  the  sands  of  Rolling 
Fork,  12  miles  from  that  place,  of  the 
thigh  bone  of  a  human  being,  which  meas- 
ures in  cubic  inches  .-^ix  times  the  size  of 
the  thigh  bone  of  a  common  man.  A 
physician  calculates  the  height  of  the 
giant  of  other  days  at  12  or  13  feet. 

Sept.  18 — All  the  pe.Toe  measures  re- 
ported by  the  committee  of  13,  known  as 
Mr.  Clay's  "omnibus  bill,"  and  which 
failed  to  pass  congress  in  a  body,  have  now 
passed  separately,  and  with  but  slight  mod- 
ifications. 

Sept.  18— Death  of  Andrew  Brand,  "  the 
Kentucky  Fat  Boy,"  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  He 
was  16  years  old,  and  weighed  537  pounds. 


1851. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


61 


Sept.  29 — Congress  passes  a  law  grant- 
ing bounty  lands  (from  40  to  160  acres  to 
each)  to  the  soldiers  and  non-commissioned 
officers  of  the  war  of  1812,  and  of  the  In- 
dian wars  since  1790,  or,  if  dead,  to  the 
widow  and  minor  children  of  such,  and  to 
the  commissioned  officers  of  the  Me.xican 
war. 

Oct.  8 — Bourbon  agricultural  society  pre- 
mium for  best  five  acres  of  corn  awarded 
to  Hubbard  W.  Varnon  ;  his  corn  (a  large 
yellow  kind,  known  as  the  Mason  corn) 
yielded   21   barrels    and  3   bushels   to  the 

Oot.'lT— Great  Union  b.arbecue  at  Lex- 
ington to  Henry  Cl.ay  ;  he  addresses  several 
thousand  men,  during  a  heavy  rain. 

Not.  15 — Henry  Clay,  by  unanimous  in- 
vitation, addresses  the  legislature,  in  the 
hall  of  the  house,  on  the  subject  of  the 
Union,  and  the  late  congressional  adjust- 
ment of  the  exciting  questions  of  the  day. 

Nov.  19— Death  of  Col.  Richiird  M. 
Johnson  at  Frankfort,  while  a  member  of 
the  legislature. 

Capt.  B.  Rowan  Hardin,  of  Bardstown, 
Ky.,  murdered  on  the  isthmus  of  Panama. 

1851,  Jan.  4— U.  S.  supreme  court  dis- 
misses the  writ  of  error  in  the  ease  of  Stra- 
der  &  Gorman  vs.  Christopher  Graham, 
brought  up  from  the  Kentucky  court  of 
appeals.  The  latter  court  had  affirmed  the 
decree  of  the  Louisville  chancery  court, 
giving  Dr.  Graham  $3,000  damjvges  against 
the  owners  of  the  mail  steamboat  Pike,  for 
transporting,  without  Dr.  Graham's  con- 
sent, his  three  negro  men  (musicians  at  the 
Harrodsburg  s])rings)  from  Louisville  to 
Cincinnati,  whence  they  made  their  escape 
to  Canada. 

Feb.  1— The  state  divided  into  4  dis- 
tricts for  the  election  of  judges  of  the 
court  of  appeals,  and  into  12  districts  for 
circuit  judges 10 — County  courts  au- 
thorized to  change  the  names  of  persons 

The  close  shaving,  once  a  week,  of 

the  hcitds  of  convicts  in  the  penitentiary 
prohibited  hereafter. 

Feb.  4— The  senate,  by  32  to  4,  and  Feb. 
5,  the  house  of  representatives,  by  74  to  16, 
pass  an  act  declaring  the  sinking  fund  lia- 
ble for  the  principal  and  interest  of  the 
common  school  fund,  and  directing  the 
payment  of  said  interest  by  the  commis- 
sioners of  the  sinking  fund.  March  12, 
Gov.  Helm  vetoes  the  bill,  and  to  his  own 
able  discussion  of  the  constitutionality  of 
the  act,  adds  the  very  full,  able  and  lucid 
legal  opinions  of  James  Harlan,  attorney 
general  of  the  state,  George  Robertson, 
James  Guthrie,  John  W.  Stevenson, 
Ephraim  M.  Ewing,  Robert  Wickliffe, 
Blij.ih  Hise,  and  Wm.  K.  Wall  ;  but  the 
bill  passes  the  senate,  March  14,  by  a 
vote  of  28  to  6,  and  the  house,  March  19, 
by  64  to  26,  *'  the  governor's  objections  to 
the  contrary  notwithstanding."  March 
22,  the  senate,  by  a  vote  of  19  to  10,  and  the 
house,  by  54  to  18,  pass  a  resolution  requir 


the  commis 


of  the  sinking  fund 


to  pay  into  the  state  treasury,  by  10  o'clock 

A.  M.,  of  March  24th,  the  January  install- 
ment of  interest  due  on  the  common  school 
bonds.  An  amendment,  in  the  house,  re- 
quires additional  action  by  the  senate, 
which  body  concurs  therein,  March  24,  and 
on  the  same  day  the  governor  vetoes  the 
resolution.  An  attempt  is  made  to  re-pass 
it,  over  the  veto,  but  no  quorum  votes  ;  and 
the  legislature  adjourns  sine  die, 

Feb.  10— A  bill,  in  the  senate,  to  legal- 
ize 8  per  cent,  conventional  interest  is  laid 
on  the  table. 

Feb.  12- The  proposition  of  state  aid  to 
railroads  defeated  in  the  senate  by  18  to 
12.  The  bill  proposed  to  subscribe  on  the 
part  of  the  state,  as  stock  in  the  railroads 
named,  provided  a  like  amount  be  first 
raised  and  expended  by  each  several  com- 
pany :  $900,000  to  a  road  from  Louisville 
to  the  Mississippi  river;  Louisville  and 
Nashville,  $500,000  ;  Maysville  and  Lex- 
ington, and  Covington  and  Lexington, 
each  $200,000  ;  Maysville  and  Big  Sandy, 
$300,000  ;  and  $100,000  for  a  road  from  the 
Louisville  and  Frankfort  R.  R.  to  Danville. 

Feb.  13— By  57  to  31,  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives adopts  a  resolution  that  it  is 
inexpedient  to  branch  the  court  of  appeals. 

March  20 — $35,000  appropriated  to  finish 
the  building  of  the  Western  lunatic  asylum. 

22 — All  U.  S.  government  property 

in   Ky.  (custom  houses,  post-offices,  court 

rooms,  etc.)  exempted  from  taxation 

The  revenue  made  payable  into  the  treas- 
ury on  Dec.  15,  instead  of  Jan.  15,  as  here- 
tofore  A  code  of  civil  practice  estab-% 

lished  32    chapters    of    the    revised 

statutes  enacted 24— Slaves  hereafter 

emancipated  must  leave  the  state  ;  and  any 
free  negro  returning  or  coming  into  the 
state,  and  remaining  over  30  days,  to  be 
arrested  for  felony  .and  punished  by  con- 
finement   in    the    penitentiary  not    longer 

than    one    year The     general    court 

abolished,  and  its  powers  and  jurisdiction 
transferred  to  the  F'ranklin  circuit  court. 

Mason,  Fayette,  Bourbon,  and  other 
counties,  and  Lexington,  Louisville,  Cov- 
ington and  Maysville,  at  some  time  during 
this  year,  make  subscriptions  to  railroads, 
issuing  bonds  in  payment  therefor.  March 
10,  in  Lexington,  Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckin- 
ridge, D.  D.,  makes  a  speech  against  the 
policy  and  constitutionality  of  such  sub- 
scriptions, and  is  replied  to  by  ex-Chief 
Justice  Geo.  Robertson,  and  by  Col.  Thos. 

B.  Stevenson,  editor  of  the  Maysville 
Eagle  ;  debate  very  able  and  exciting. 

May  1 —  Continuation  of  the  coldest 
spring  ever  known  in  northern  Ky. ;  heavy 
black  frost,  the  most  severe  since  April  26, 
1834,  destroying  whole  orchards  of  fruit, 
the  grapes,  and  many  tender  trees;  fires 
and  overco.ats  indispensable  to  personal 
comfort;   thermometer  20"    to   28°  above 

May  12— First  election  under  the  new 
constitution  ;  4  judges  and  a  clerk  of  the 
court  of  appeals,  12  circuit  court  judges 
and  12  commonwealth's  attorneys,  .and  in 
each  county  a  county  judge,  county  clerk, 


62 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


1851. 


county  attorney,  circuit  clerk,  sheriff,  jailer, 
assessor,  coroner,  surveyor,  justices  of  the 
peace,  and  constables,  elected  by  the  peo- 
ple. James  Simpson  from  the  1st  district, 
Thos.  A.  Marshall  from  the  2d,  B.  Mills 
Crenshaw  from  the  third,  and  Elijah  Hise 
from  the  4th,  elected  judges  of  tne  court  of 
appeals,  and  Philip  Swigert  clerk. 

June  26 — Lieutenant  John  D.  Lang- 
horne,  of  the  U.  S.  surveying  steamer  Gal- 
latin, saves  the  lives  of  twenty  deck  pas- 
sengers of  the  bark  Savannah,  consumed 
by  fire  off  the  coast  of  Georgia.  Lieut.  L. 
is  a  citizen  of  Maysville,  Ky. 

July  1 — By  act  of  congress,  newspapers 
to  he  carried  by  mail,  to  all  points  within 
the  county  where  published,  free  of  post- 
age ;  and  single  letters,  to  distances  less 
than  3,000  miles,  for  3  cents  if  prepaid,  or 
5  cents  if  not  prepaid. 

July  1 — Semi-annual  dividends  ;  North- 
ern Bank  of  Ky.  5  per  cent..  Bank  of  Ky. 
and  Bank  of  Louisville  each  43-^  per  cent. 

July  17— Celebration,  at  Maysville,  of 
the  commencement  of  the  Maysville  and 
Lexington  railroad ;  orator  of  the  day, 
Chas.  S.  Morohead ;  another  speech  by 
Col.  John  S.  Williams,  pioneer  engineer  of 
the  first  public  improvement  in  Ky. — the 
Maysville  and  Lexington  turnpike  road — ■ 
which  was  begun  July  4,  1829,  and  was 
the  first  McAdamized  road  ever  under- 
taken by  individual  enterprise,  in  the 
world.  Col.  W.  helped  to  build,  and  then 
traveled  upon,  the  steamboat  Enterprise, 
the  fifth  which  ever  descended,  but  the 
first  which  ever  ascended  above  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  Francis  river  on  the  Mississippi, 
and  continued  up  the  Ohio  river  to  Browns- 
ville, Pennsylvania,  where  she  was  built, 
making  (he  trip  from  New  Orleans  to  Lou- 
isville in  25  days;  she  was  a  stern-wheel 
boat,  with  one  of  French's  swinging  cyl- 
inder engines,  and  a  small  geared  balance 
wheel ;  she  struck  on  the  Falls,  on  her  re- 
turn downward  trip,  and  lies  in  the  bottom 
of  the  Ohio  river  near  Shippingport.  The 
citizens  of  Lexington  and  Fayette  county 
were  toasted  as  the  originators  of  the  Lex- 
ington and  Ohio  railroad,  the  first  one  con- 
ceived west  of  the  Allegheny  mountains, 
and  the  second  one  in  the  United  States. 

July  19 — Wire  suspension  railroad  bridge 
over  the  Ky.  river  at  Frankfort  finished  ; 
length  of  cables  585  feet,  height  of  towers 
above  ordinary  stage  of  navigation  75  feet ; 
trains  of  the  Louisville  and  Frankfort  rail- 
road, which  have  for  six  weeks  been  run- 
ning to  the  west  bank  of  the  river,  cross 
over  to-day  into  the  town  of  Frankfort. 

Aug.  4 — First  election  for  state  ofiieers 
under  the  new  constitution.  Vote  for  gov- 
ernor, Archibald  Dixon  (whig)  53,763,  Laz- 
arus W.  Powell  (democrat)  54,613,  Cassius 
M.  Clay  (emancipation  or  anti-slavery) 
3,621  ;  for  lieutenant  governor,  John  B. 
Thompson  (w.)  53,599,  Robert  N.  Wick- 
liffe  (dem.)  47,454,  Geo.  D.  Blakpy  (eman.) 
1,670;  majority  for  Powell  over  Dixon  850, 
and  for  Thompson  over  Wickliffe  6,145. 
Richard  C.  Wintersmith  elected  treasurer, 
Elisha  A.  Macurdy    register  of  the  land 


office,  Thos.  S.  Page  auditor,  James  Har- 
lan attorney  general,  Robert  J.  Breckin- 
ridge superintendent  of  public  instruction, 
David  R.  Haggard  president  board  of  inter- 
n.al  improvement — all  whigs,  except  the 
governor.  To  congress,  5  whigs  and  5 
democrats  elected  ;  to  the  senate,  20  whigs, 
18  democrats  ;  and  to  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives, 55  whigs,  45  democrats.  Only 
111,997  votes  are  cast,  out  of  153,095 
voters  in  the  state. 

Aug.  15 — A  silver  mine  reported  to  have 
been  discovered  in  Muhlenburg  county. 

Aug.  15— Col.  Wm.  L.  Crittenden,  of 
Louisville,  Capt.  Victor  Kerr,  — .  Green, 
— .  Standeford,  John  Fisher,  Gilman  A. 
Cook,  and  44  others,  nearly  all  Kentuck- 
ians  under  his  command — deceived  by 
Gen.  Lopez  into  the  belief  that  the  "pa- 
triots "  of  Cuba  were  engaged  in  a  revolu- 
tion for  freedom — engage  in  an  armed 
expedition  which  invades  the  island  ;  two 
days  after  landing,  they  are  attacked  by 
700  Spanish  troops,  and  after  a  gallant 
fight  captured,  and,  next  day,  shot;  of  80 
others  of  his  command,  captured  with  him, 
77  were  afterward  shot.  The  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment promptly  dispatched  the  steam 
frigate  Saranac,  Com.  Parker,  to  inquire 
into  the  circumstances  ;  President  Fillmore 
recalls  Mr.  Owen,  consul  at  Havana,  evi- 
dently an  incompetent  officer. 

Aug.  16 — Deaths  by  cholera  at  Louis- 
ville, in  last  three  days,  31,  at  Versailles 
6,  at  Cynthiana  3. 

Sept.  6— Fayette  county,  by  a  vote  of 
781  for,  476  against,  authorizes  a  subscrip- 
tion of  $200,000  to  the  Covington  and  Lex- 
ington railroad.  Aug.  4,  the  same  propo- 
sition had  been  defeated,  917  for,  1,022 
against. 

Sept.  21 — Explosion  of  steamboat  James 
Jackson,  while  leaving  Shawneetown,  Illi- 
nois ;  35  killed  or  wounded. 

Sept.  22— -Deaths  from  cholera  at  Cyn- 
thiana   11,  at  Grayson,  Carter  county,   3. 

Sept.  25 — At  the  Bourbon  agricultural 
fair,  at  Paris,  in  a  ring  of  10  fat  bullocks, 
the  premium  bullock  (Mr.  Inncs')  weighed 
2,856,  and  the  second  best  (Mr.  Bedford's) 
2,844  pounds  ;  Ben.  P.  Gray's  bullock,  6 
years  old,  weighed  3,506,  and  a  3-year  old 
2,524  pounds.  Two  fat  sheep  weighed 
1,140  and  1,128  pounds  respectively.  Two 
jacks,  one  of  them  (Mr.  Wright's)  just  3 
years  old,  were  16  hands  high,  and  two 
mules  16)^  and  17  hands  high. 

Sept.  29— Burning  of  the  buildings  of 
the  Kentucky  Institute  for  the  education 
of  the  blind,  at  Louisville.     No  lives  lost. 

Oct.  3— Very  able  letter  of  Henry  Clay 
to  Daniel  Ullman,  Stephen  Whitney,  and 
others — discussing  the  compromise  meas- 
ures and  the  doctrine  of  secession. 

Oct.  16— Meeting  of  the  new  board  of 
commissioners  of  the  sinking  fund,  at 
Frankfort;  $225,000  of  the  state  5  per 
cent,  bonds  redeemed  during  the  last  ten 
months,  at  a  discount  of  $31,383. 

Oct.  27  — Ben.  Selby,  state  librarian, 
invites  Ky.  editors  to  send  him  a  copy  of 
each  paper,  and  to  join  him  in  educating 


1852. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


the  public  up  to  the  idea  of  filing  and  pre- 
serving, in  tlie  state  library,  copies  of  all 
newspapers  published  in  the  state  —  as 
"  such  a  record  will  furnish  to  the  country 
the  very  best  history  of  the  age."  He  will 
endeavor  to  procure  an  appropriation  from 
the  legislature  to  pay  the  cost,  which  will 
not  e.'cceed  $180,  for  newspapers  and  post- 
ago. 

The  year  1351  remarkable  for  railroad 
progress  in  Ky.  Roads  from  Lexington 
to  M.nysville,  to  Danville,  and  to  Coving- 
ton ;  "and  from  Louisville  to  Nashville, 
under  construction  ;  while  surveys  are  mak- 
ing from  Lexington  to  the  mouth  of  Big 
Sandy,  from  Maysville  to  the  same  point, 
from  Frankfort  to  Harrodsburg,  from  Emi- 
nence to  Covington,  and  from  Cynthiana 
through  Georgetown  to  Lexington.  The 
road  from  Louisville  to  Frankfort  com- 
pleted. 

Nov.  3 — Suspension  and  assignment  for 
benefit  of  creditors  of  the  Lexington  In- 
surance Company  ;  over  $1,000,000  actually 
paid  for  losses  incurred   in   the  last   two 

Nov.  4 — Gov.  Powell's  message  shows 
the  total  state  debt  $5,724,307,  less  the 
school  debt,  of  which  the  principal  is  never 
to  be  paid,  $1,326,770.  The  state  owns 
bank  and  railroad  stocks  worth  par,  $1,646,- 
020,  and  turnpike  stocks  worth  about  25  or 
30  cents  to  the  dollar,  $2,694,239  ;  besides 
her  investment  in  river  navigation.  Total 
receipts  into  the  state  treasury  during 
fiscal  year  ending  Oct.  10,  $641,388;  of 
■which  $149,715  was  transferred  to  the  com- 
mon school  fund.  No.  of  children  in  the 
state,  between  6  and  16  years  of  age,  204,432. 

Dec.  2— Franklin  and  Mercer  counties 
each  vote  $200,000  to  the  Frankfort  and 
Harrodsburg  railroad;  vote  in  Franklin, 
622  for,  487  against;  in  Mercer,  375  ma- 
jority for  the  subscription. 

Dec.  8 — George  Robertson  and  John  6. 
James,  representatives  from  Fayette  coun- 
ty, in  a  letter  in  the  Frankfort  Common- 
wealth, reply  to  the  recent  letter  of  Thos. 
F.  Marshall,  representative  from  AVoodford 
county,  which  insinuates  that  Henry  Clay, 
through  his  friends  in  the  Legislature,  is 
endeavoring  to  destroy  John  J.  Crittenden. 
They  repel  the  insinuation  as  unfounded 
and  unjust,  and  charge  Mr.  Marshall  with 
endeavoring  to  brew  ill  feelings  between 
the  friends  of  Clay  and  Crittenden. 

Dec.  11 — John  B.  Thompson  (whig) 
elected  U.  S.  senator  for  6  years,  from 
March  4,  1853:  Thompson  73,  Francis  P. 
Stone  (democrat)  65.  Thecontest  has  been 
continued,  at  intervals,  since  Nov.  17; 
during  the  ballots,  George  Robertson  re- 
ceived as  high  as  27,  Archibald  Dixon  41, 
John  L.  Helm  16,  and  Humphrey  Mar- 
shall 10  votes  (all  whigs),  and  Wm.  0. 
Butler  60,  and  David  Merriwether  59,  (both 
democrats.) 

Dec.  13 — Legislature  passes  an  act  to 
regulate  the  retailing  of  ardent  spirits, 
which  authorizes  tavern  license  without  the 
privilege  of  retailing  liquor,  and  requires 
$25  tax  on  the  latter  if  granted 27— 


Instead  of  first  Monday  in  Nov.,  Legisla- 
ture hereafter  to  meet  biennially  on  Dec. 
31st. 

Dec.  17 — Henry  Clay  resigns  his  seat  in 
the  U.  S.  senate,  to  take  efi'ect  the  1st  Mon- 
day in  Sept.,  1862. 

Dec.  19 — George  Robertson,  in  a  card 
"To  the  Public,"  says  he  has  "opposed, 
for  30  years,  any  agitation  of  the  question 
of  emancipation  in  Kentucky,  and  freesoil- 
ism  in  all  its  forms,  and  challenges  the 
production  of  a  single  scrap  of  proof  that 
he  ever  uttered  or  wrote  a  sentence  favor- 
ing either  the  one  or  the  other.  The  Com- 
promise [of  1850]  was,  in  his  judgment, 
just,  equal,  and  proper;  and  ought  to  be 
considered  a  final  adjustment  of  all  national 
controversy  on  the  subject  of  slavery." 

Dec.  22— Ohio  river  closed  with  ice  for  6 
days.     Deep  snow. 

Dec.  23— Ten  per  cent  conventional  in- 
terest bill  defeated  in  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives, yeas  22,  nays  57. 

Dec.  30— Archibald  Dixon  (whig)  elected 
U.  S.  senator,  on  the  7th  ballot,  in  the  place 
of  Henry  Clay,  resigned  ;  Dixon  71,  Jas. 
Guthrie  (democrat)  58.  During  the  ballot- 
ings,  Geo.  Robertson  (w.)  received  24, 
Chas.  S.  Morehead  (w.)  33,  James  Harlan 
(w.)  6,  and  Elijah  Hise  (dem.)  69  votes. 

1852,  Jan.  5— Kentucky  banks  declare 
semi-annual  dividends:  Northern  Bank 
5,  Farmers'  Bank  5,  Southern  Bank  4, 
Bank  of  Ky.  i}4,  and  Bank  of  Louisville  4 
per  cent. 

Jan.  2— $43,000  appropriated  by  the  leg- 
islature to  the  completion  of  the  2d  Ky. 

lunatic  asylum 3 — Commercial  Bank 

of  Paducah  incorporated,  with  branches  at 
Harrodsburg  and  Versailles  ;  capital  $500,- 

000 7  —  Revised    Statutes     adopted. 

$10,000  appropriated  to  aid  in  re- 
building Ky.  institution  for  the  education 

of  the  blind 9— Act  to  provide  for  the 

registration  of  births,  deaths,  and  mar- 
riages in  Ky $1,000  each  appropri- 
ated as  compensation  to  the  commissioners 

who  prepared   the  code  of  practice 

Governor  authorized  to  borrow  from  the 
Ky.  banks  $100,000,  if  necessary  to  meet 
any  deficit  in  the  state  treasury. 

Jan.  9 — Owing  to  a  di9"erence  between 
the  senate  and  house  as  to  amount  of  com- 
pensation to  the  commissioners  who  revised 
the  statute  laws,  the  legislature  adjourned 
without  making  provision  for  their  publi- 
cation in  book  form — although  they  take 
effect  on  July  1,  1852,  and  all  other  laws 
are  repealed.  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe,  one  of 
the  commissioners,  assumed  the  responsi- 
bility of,  and  made  arrangements  for,  their 
publication. 

Jan.  9 — Louis  Kossuth,  the  Hungarian 
chief,  calls,  with  Gen.  Lewis  Cass,  upon 
Henry  Clay,  while  the  latter  lay  sick  in  his 
room  at  Washington  city.  Mr.  Clay  list- 
ened patiently  to  his  comments  on  the  con- 
dition of  Hungary  and  the  situation  of 
France,  which  Kossuth  believed  would  pro 
voke  civil  war  and  perhaps  a  general  revo- 
lution; and  to  avoid  which,  or  control  it 
for  the  greatest  good,  he  hoped  for  the  in- 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1852. 


tervention  of  the  United  States  in  the 
affairs  of  Europe.  Mr.  Clay  replied  that 
no  greater  calamity  could  befall  this  gov- 

The  vital  principle  of  this  country,  he  said. 
rested  upon  its  republican  character,  as 
seen  in  the  capacity  of  the  people  for  self- 
goverhment,  and  in  its  practice  of  confining 
its  action  to  its  own  duties.  Our  example 
was  one  of  Christian  progress;  and  the 
.  United  States,  as  the  only  living  Republic 
and  example  of  man's  capability  for  self- 
government,  was  bound  to  encourage  prog- 
ress and  prosperity  on  this  continent.  All 
this  would  be  endangered  and  destroyed 
by  foreign  wars,  and  with  them  all  hopes 
of  free  institutions.  Warming  with  the 
importance  of  his  subject,  as  he  proceeded, 
he  stood  erect  and  with  much  emotion  and 
touching  emphasis,  said,  "  A  dying  man, 
I  oppose  your  doctrine  of  intervention." 
Grasping  his  hand,  as  he  bade  him  fare- 
well, he  said,  "Rod  bless  you  and  your 
family  I  God  bless  your  country  1  May 
she  yet  be  free  I  " 

Jan.  19 — Heavy  snow,  blocking  up  trains 
on  the  railroad  from  Louisville  to  Lexing- 
ton. During  the  night  (Monday),  Ohio 
river  closes  with  ice  for  the  second  time — 
the  only  winter,  within  the  memory  of  old 
inhabitants,  when  this  has  occurred.  Ther- 
mometer at  daylight,  on  19th,  6°  below 
zero,  at  sunrise  8°,  at  2  p.  m.  2°,  at  8  p.  M. 
15°,  at  midnight  30°  below  zero  ;  Tuesday 
morning,  20th,  at  2  o'clock  30°,  at  7  a.  m. 
16°,  at  9  A.  M.  4°,  and  at  noon  it  had  risen 
to  zero.  This  was  at  a  point  11  miles  south 
of  Maysville,  and  at  another  point  (John 
Moore's  farm)  onemile  from  Flemingsburg. 
At  Flemingsburg  it  was  observed  22°  be- 
low; at  Washington,  Carlisle,  Glasgow, 
and  other  points,  20°  below  ;  at  Hopkins- 
ville  14°  below,  and  6  inches  of  snow  fell 
on  Sunday,  18th.  At  Maysville,  at  day- 
light, Thursday,  22d,  it  was  1°  below  zero. 
The  severe  weather  general  over  the  coun- 
try :  At  St.  Louis,  14°  below  zero,  on  19th, 
and  as  low  as  20°  during  that  night.  At 
New  York,  the  E.tst  river  to  Brooklyn 
frozen  hard,  and  hundreds  crossed  over, 
but  at  10  A,  M,,  20th,  the  tide  rose,  break- 
ing up  the  ice,  and  200  to  300  persons  were 
carried  away  on  floating  cakes ;  after  an 
hour  of  most  painful  excitement  and  alarm, 
all  were  rescued.  At  Memphis,  Tenn.,  the 
Mississippi  was  frozen  so  that  persons 
walked  100  yards  from  shore  on  the  ice. 
At  New  Orleans,  weather  the  coldest  ever 
known.  At  Nashville,  several  degrees  be- 
low zero.  At  Baltimore,  the  harbor  closed 
,  by  ice,  and  thermometer  lower  than  ever 
/  I  known.  At  Pittsburgh,  on  18th,  snow  16 
/  j  inches  deep.  The  Potomac  river,  for  3 
j  I  miles  below  the  great  fall,  blocked  by  ice 
30  feet  high. 

Jan.  20— Death,  in  Fleming  county,  of 
Mrs.  Nancy  Gray,  widow  of  Matthew  Gray, 
aged  102  years. 

Jan.  23 — Ohio  river  measured  at  Mays- 
ville, on  the  ice;  width  of  water  (at  a  low 
stage)  1500  feet,  and  between  the  top  edges 
of  the  banks  1822  feet. 


Jan.  27 — Court  of  appeals,  in  Jacob  A. 
Sl.ack  et  al.  v>.  Maysville  and  Lexington 
Railroad  company,  decide  the  tax  to  pay 
the  interest  upon  the  county  bonds  issued 
to  pay  for  subscription  of  stock  constitu- 
tional. Ben.  Hardin,  Thos.  F.  Marshall, 
John  ^^.  Mcnzics  and  Harrison  Taylor  at- 
tornejTs  for  plaintiffs,  and  George  Robert- 
son, James  Harlan,  Henry  Waller,  Thos. 
Y.  Payne,  and  Frank  T.  Hord  for  defend- 


29— The 


ce  blockade  in  the  Ohio, 
tha,  and  Cumberland  riv- 
1    the  same  day. 


ithout 


Kentucky,  Kana' 
ers  breaks  up,  oi 
damage  to  boats. 

Jan.  29— Burning  of  Augusta  college. 
Feb.  10— Presentation  to  Henry  Clay,  by 
citizens  of  New   York,    of  a   magnificent 
large  gold  medal,  of  pure  California  gold, 
and  enclosed  in  a  silver  case,  which  opens 
with  a  hinge,  in  the  manner  of  a  hunting 
watch.     On  its  face  is  a  fine  head  of  Mr. 
Clay,  remarkable  for  its  likeness  and  ex- 
pression ;  on  the  reverse  is  inscribed: 
Semite  1806. 
Speaker  1811. 
War  of  1812  with  Great  Britain. 
Ghent  1814. 
Missouri  Compromisk  1821. 
Spanish  America  1822. 

Greece  1823. 

American  System  1824. 

Secretary  of  State  1825. 

Panama  Instructions  1826. 

Tariff  Compromise  1833. 

Public  Domain— 1833— 1841. 

Peace  with  France  Preserved  1835. 

Compromise  1850. 
On  the  silver  case  is  represented,  on  one 
side  a  view  of  the  National  Capitol,  with 
its  contemplated  enlargement ;  on  the 
other,  the  great  commemorative  Monument 
on  the  Cumberland  road,  above,  and,  below 
it,  a  view  of  Ashland  and  its  mansion,  the 
home  of  Henry  Clay. 

President  Fillmore,  Jos.  R.  Underwood, 
(Mr.  Clay's  colleague  senator  from  Ky.,) 
Presley  Ewing  (a  representative  from  Ky.,) 
ex-Gov.  Jas.  C.  Jones  of  Tenn.,  exGov. 
Hamilton  Fish  and  Hon.  James  Brooks  of 
N.  Y.,  .and  other  distinguished  citizens, 
were  present  at  the  interview  at  Mr.  Clay's 
room,  in  the  National  Hotel,  Washington 
city,  where  he  h.ad  been  confined  for  several 
months  by  sickness.  Mr.  Clay,  although 
weak  and  emaciated,  stood  up  during  the 
graceful  presentation  address  by  Daniel 
Ullman  ;  and  read  a  beautiful  reply,  which, 
contrary  to  the  practice  of  his  life,  he  had 
written  out.  After  the  ceremony  of  pres- 
entation, and  while  freely  discussing  the 
elegance  of  the  medal,  and  the  appropri- 
ateness and  fidelity  of  the  designs,  Mr. 
Clay  remarked  :  "  The  artists  have  not 
generally  succeeded  well  in  taking  my 
features ;  but  that  has  been  in  a  great 
measure  my  own  fault ;  for  my  face  never 
retains  long  the  same  expression,  and  espe- 
cially when  I  am  under  any  excitement,  it 
changes  every  moment.  John  Randolph 
once  p.aid  me  a  high  compliment — not  in- 
tentionally, for  he   seldom   complimented 


1852. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


65 


any  man — but,  without  intending  it,  he 
paid  me  what  I  esteem  one  of  the  highest 
compliments  I  ever  received.  He  said  that 
whenever  a  debate  is  coming  on,  if  I  can 
get  a  sight  at  Mr.  Clay's  face,  I  can  alw.ays 
tell  which  side  he  is  going  to  take." 
[This  transition  from  the  grave  to  the  gay 
is  so  characteristic  of  Mr.  Clay,  that  no  one 
who  has  seen  him  in  his  hours  of  confi- 
dence can  fail  to  be  reminded  of  many  an 
association  that,  while  it  kindles  a  smile, 
will  be  followed  but  too  soon  by  a  sigh.] 

Feb.  16— One  of  the  three  large  three- 
story  buildings  constituting  the  Lunatic 
Asylum  at  Lexington,  partially  destroyed 
by  fire  ;  90  of  the  unfortunate  patients  were 
asleep  in  the  building  at  the  time,  but 
were  all  rescued  ;  two  of  them,  in  their  be- 
wilderment, went  back  into  the  building, 
and  perished  in  the  flames. 

Feb.  26— The  board  of  aldermen  of  Lou- 
isville for  the  fifth  time  refuse  to  pass  a 
resolution  to  invite  Louis  Kossuth  to  that 
city.  His  popularity  and  discretion  stead- 
ily on  the  wane.  He  has  been  at  Cincin- 
nati for  two  weeks  past. 

May  6— Several  deaths  from  Cholera  in 
Union  county. 

May  10— Novel  duel  at  Eddyville  :  The 
challenged  party  named  the  terms — that 
they  should  meet  at  Dr.  N.'s  office,  and  be 
bled.  Dr.  N.  opened  a  vein  for  each,  and 
they  bled  until,  becoming  extremely  weak 
and  looking  as  pale  as  a  corpse,  they  pro- 
nounced themselves  satisfied. 

May  10 — Steamboat  Eclipse  reaches  Lou- 
isville from  New  Orleans,  in  i  days  18 
hours  running  time — the  quickest  trip  ever 
made,  having  lost  10  hours  in  repairing  her 
machinery.  The  steamboat  Eeindeer  ar- 
rived shortly  after,  in  4  days  20  hours  45 
minutes  running  time  from  N.  0. ;  she  lost 
one  hour  only. 

May  18 — Largest  business  in  tobacco 
ever  done  in  one  day,  in  Louisville  ;  sales 
244  hogsheads,  at  $1.80  to  $7.05  per  hun- 
dred pounds — the  latter  figure  for  *'  Mason 
county  "  tobacco. 

May  20— Survey  of  the  Shelby  railroad, 
from  Hobbs'  station  on  the  Louisville  and 
Frankfort  Kailroad  to  Shelbyville,  com- 
pleted. 

Thos.  H.  Benton,  in  a  speech  at  Cape 
Girardeau,  Missouri,  said:  "I  never 
joined  in  the  accusation  of  '  bargain ' 
against  Mr.  Clay  and  Mr.  Adams.  I  con- 
demn the  support  he  gave  Mr.  Adams — on 
the  democratic  principle  that  the  will  of  the 
people  ought  to  be  obeyed.  But  on  all 
proper  occasions,  and  in  the  presence  of  their 
friends,  I  expressed  a  disbelief  of  the  im- 
puted bargain,  founded  on  my  early  knowl- 
edge of  Mr.  Clay's  intention  to  vote  for 
Mr.  Adams — and  I  believe  I  knew  it  before 
Mr.  Adams  himself  did.  These  declara- 
tions of  mine  went  into  the  public  papers, 
and  came  to  general  knowledge.  Mr. 
Clay  in  consequence  wrote  me  a  letter  of 
thanks  for  this  "voluntary  and  faithful 
testimony,"  as  he  termed  it.  I  will  now 
read  you  his  letter ; 


Washington,  6  Dec.  1827. 
Sir  ;    r  have  received  a  paper,  published 
on   the  29th  ult.,   at    Lexington,   Va.,   in 
which  is  contained  an  article  stating  that 
you  had,  to  a  gentleman  of  that  place,  ex- 
pressed your  disbelief  of  a  charge  injurious 
to  me,  touching  the  late  Presidential  elec- 
tion ;  and  that  I  had  communicated  to  you 
unequivocally,  between   the   1st  and   15th 
Dec,  1824,  my  determination  to  vote  for 
Mr.    Adams,  and   not   for   Gen.    Jackson. 
Presuming  that  the  publication  was  with 
your  authority,  I  can  not  deny  the  expres- 
sion   to    you  of  proper  acknowledgments 
for  the  sense  of  justice  which  has  prompted 
to  render  this  voluntary  and  faithful 
imony. 
am,  respectfully,  your  < 


H.  CLAY. 


Col.  Th 


Benton. 


May  27— Steamer  Allegheny,  of  the 
Pittsburgh  and  Cincinnati  line,  makes  a 
trial  run  from  Louisville  to  Cincinnati  in 
10  hours  5  minutes  ;  to  Madison,  in  3  hours 

June  5— Gen.  Friinklin  Pierce,  of  N.  H., 
on  the  49th  ballot,  nominated  by  the  Dem- 
ocratic national  convention  at  Baltimore 
for  president,  and  Wm.  R.  King,  of  Ala., 
for  vice-president,  on  the  2d  ballot. 

June  6— At  Maysville,  51  deaths  from 
cholera  in  six  days  ;  44  more,  by  July  13. 

June  21— Gen.  Winfield  Scott,  of  N.  Y., 
nominated  for  president  by  the  Whig  na- 
tional convention  at  Baltimore,  on  the  53d 
ballot:  Scott  159,  Millard  Fillmore  112, 
Daniel  Webster  21.  Wm.  A.  Graham,  of 
N.  C,  was  nominated  for  vice-president, 
on  the  2d  ballot. 

June  29— Death  at  Washington  city,  of 
Henry  Clay,  at  11:17  A.  M.  Telegraph  de- 
spatches from  the  eastern  cities  state  that, 
from  every  steeple,  the  bells  are  proclaim- 
ing the  sad  intelligence  that  the  spirit  of 
Mr.  Clay  is  gone  ;  the  flags  of  every  nation 
are  floating  at  half-mast,  many  of  them 
covered  with  crape,  and  business  is  par- 
tially suspended  ;  both  houses  of  congress 
adjourn  without  reading  the  journal. 

Henderson  and  Nashville  R.  R.  Co.  or- 
ganized, Archibald  Dixon  president;  and 
the  Louisville  and  Covington  R.  R.  Co., 
laham  Henderson  president. 

July  5— David  Meriwether  (democrat) 
appointed  by  Gov.  Powell  to  occupy  the 
place  in  the  U.  S.  senate  made  vacant  by 
the  death  of  Henry  Clay. 

July  10— Burial  of  Henry  Clay  in  the 
cemetery  at  Lexington  ;  funeral  ceremonies 
grand  and  impressive;  30,000  people  join 
in  the  funeral  procession.  Funeral  honors 
at  Maysville,  and  numerous  other  points  in 
the  state. 

July  13 — Occasional  deaths  from  cholera 
throughout  the  state  ;  epidemic  at  a  few 
points ;  over  50  deaths  at  Hopkinsville, 
and  the  citizens  fleeing  from  the  place. 

Aug.  2 — James  Simpson  re-elected  judge 
of  the  court  0^  appeals  in  the  1st  district: 
Simpson  13,145,  Kenaz  Farrow  12,270— 
maj.  875. 


T...5 


66 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Aug.  2—30  deaths  from  cholera,  in  and  1 
near  P.-iris  ;  20  of  them  Irish  laborers  on 
the  railroad. 

Sept.  24— Death  of  Hon.  Ben.  Hardin, 
at  Bardstown. 

Sept.  25— Gen.  WinfielJ  Scott,  Gen.  John 
E.  Wool,  and  Surgeon-Gen.  Lawson,  of  the 
U.  S.  army,  visit  the  Lower  Blue  Lick 
Springs  in  search  of  a  site  for  an  asylum 
for  disabled  soldiers — as  required  by  a  re- 
cent act  of  congress.  At  Maysville,  Paris, 
Lexington,  Frankfort  and  Louisville,  they 
received  distinguished  honors. 

Sept.  27— Stampede  of  slaves  across  the 
Ohio  river,  32  from  Mason  and  Bracken,  9 
from  Campbell,  and  14  from  Boone  coun- 
ties. 

Sept.  29— John  J.  Crittenden  delivers  an 
eloquent  eulogy  on  Henry  Clay,  to  a  large 
concourse  of  people,  3,000  of  them  ladies, 
in  the  Frankfort  R.  R.  depot  at  Louisville. 

Sept.  ^O— Geo.  W.  Julian  of  Indiana, 
"Free  Democratic"  (abolition)  candidate 
for  vice-president  (on  the  same  ticket  with 
John  P.  Hale  for  president),  and  Cassius 
M.  Clay,  make  speeches  at  Maysville,  and 
in  Lewis  and  Bracken  counties. 

Oct. — Clark  county  votes  a  subscription 
of  $200,000  to  the  Lexington  and  Big 
Sandy  railroad  ;  and  Cumberland  and  Casey 
counties  vote  in  favor  of  a  tax  to  build  a 
railroad  from  Danville  to  McMinnville, 
Tenn. 

Oct.  26— Public  meeting  in  Louisville  in 
regard  to  the  death  of  Daniel  Webster,  at 
Marshfield,  Mass.,  on  yesterday,  25th; 
Rufus  Choate,  of  Boston,  invited  to  come 
to  Louisville,  and  deliver  a  eulogy  upon 
Mr.  Webster. 

Nov.  1 — Vote  of  Ky.  for  president  and 
vice-president:  Winfleld  Scott  and  Wm. 
A.  Graham  (whigs)  57,068,  Franklin  Pierce 
and  Wm.  R.  King  (democrats)  63,806, 
John  P.  Hale  and  Geo.  W.  Julian  (free- 
soil  or  anti-slavery)  265;  maj.  for  Scott 
over  Pierce  3,262. 

Valuation  of  real  and  personal  property 
in  Kentucky,  as  ascertained  by  the  U.  S. 
census  marshals  on  June  1,  1850,  $291,- 
387,554— an  average  of  $391  to  each  free 

Nov.  2— Chas.  Anderson  (a  native  of 
Ky.)  delivers  an  eloquent  and  glowing  ad- 
dress upon  the  life  and  public  services  of 
Henry  Clay,  before  the  Clay  Monumental 
Association  of  Ohio,  at  Cincinnati. 

Nov.  15 — Public  dinner  by  prominent 
citizens  in  New  York  city  to  John  J.  Crit- 
tenden and  to  Henry  T.  Duncan  of  Lex- 
ington—the latter  on  a  mission  to  raise  the 
means  of  erecting  a  monument  over  the 
remains  of  Henry  Clay. 

Dec.  21— David  Meriwether  (democrat) 
appointed  by  Gov.  Powell  as  U.  S.  senator 
in  the  place  of  Henry  Clay,  and  who  served 
until  the  close  of  the  session — claims  the 
seat  still,  notwithstanding  Archibald  Dixon 
(whig)  was  duly  elected,  by  the  legislature, 
to  succeed  Mr.  Clay  from  the  date  of  his 
resignation,  Sept.  6.  The  senate,  by  27 
(19  whigs  and  8  democrats)  to  16  (all  dem- 
ocrats), admits  Mr.  Dixon  to  his  seat. 


Dec.  30— Ohio  river  at  flood  height, only 
10  feet  below  the  great  flood  of  1832. 

1853,  Jan.  3 — Semi-annual  dividends  of 
Ky.  banks  :  Bank  of  Ky.  5,  Northern  Bank 
5,  Farmers'  Bank  5,  Bank  of  Louisville 
i]4  and  2J^  extra.  Mechanics'  Bank  5  per 
cent. 

Taxable  property  of  Ky.  in  1852  $333,- 
181,512,  an  increase  in  one  year  of  over 
$16,000,000;  amount  of  revenue  raised  on 
this,  $594,926. 

Jan.  12— Sales  in  Philadelphia  of  Bank 
of  Ky.  stock  at  109,  Northern  Bank  of  Ky. 
at  111>2,  and  Farmers'  Bank  at  103.  Feb. 
14,  the  first  named  sold  at  U0}4,  and 
Northern  Bank  stock  at  114. 

Jan.  16 — Samuel  I.  M.  Major,  Jr.,  be- 
comes editor  and  one  of  the  proprietors  of 
the  Frankfort  Yeoman. 

Jan.  27 — Cotswold  sheep,  with  fleece 
■      •       orted 


ods,  i 


weighing  from  15  to 
into  Bourbon  county. 

March — Several  lots  of  jacks  and  jennets, 
of  very  large  size  and  superior  quality,  im- 
ported direct  from  Spain — by  Anthony 
Killgore  &  Co.  or  the  Mason  County  Im- 
parting Association,  and  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Will- 
son,  of  Fleming  county;  the  jacks  were 
143^  to  15^^  hands,  and  the  jennets  from 
14  to  15  hands  high.  The  first-named 
party  also  imports  from  Canada,  whither 
he  had  been  brought  from  Scotland,  the 
stallion  Clyde,  a  beautiful  dapple  grey,  17 
hands  high  ;  he  had  taken  25  premiums, 
at  as  many  exhibitions.  An  importing 
company  organized  at  Lexington, 

March  23— Population  of  Covington,  per 
assessor's  census.  12,154 — an  increase  since 
1845  of  8,587.  Value  of  taxable  property 
$5,359,650. 

March  25— Steamers  Thus.  Swann,  of  the 
Louisville  and  Wheeling  line,  and  Alle- 
gheny, of  the  Cincinnati  and  Pittsburgh 
line,  in  racing,  mak«  the  trip  from  Cincin- 
nati to  Maysville, 61  miles  by  U.  S.  survey 
measurement,  in  5  hours  15  minutes. 

Wire  suspension  bridge  over  the  Licking 
river,  at  Falmouth,  completed;  span  323 
feet,  width  16  feet,  total  length  432  feet, 
height  of  towers  30  feet. 

Lithographic  stone  found  near  Hawes- 
ville  and  near  Frankfort,  the  latter  equal 
to  the  finest  German. 

April  4— Mason  county,  by  105  majority, 
subscribes  $100,000  to  the  Maysville  and 
Big  Sandy  railroad.  Paducah  votes  $200,- 
000  to  a 'branch  from  that  place  to  the 
Mobile  and  Ohio  railroad. 

$75,000  Louisville  city  school  bonds  sold 
to  August  Belmont,  agent  of  the  Roths- 
April  18 — Death,  at  his  residence  in  Ala- 
bama, of  Wm.  R.  King,  vice  president  of 
the  U.  S.  David  R.  Atchison,  of  Mo.  (a 
native  of  Ky.)  as  president  of  the  V.  S. 
senate,  becomes  ac^nt^^.  vice  president. 

May  8 — U.  S.  military  asylum  located 
at  the  Harrodsburg  Springs,  which  are 
purchased  for  that  purpose  from  Dr.  C. 
Graham  at  $100,000. 

May  12 — Louisville  city  council  agrees 
to  submit  to  a  vote  of  the  people  a  propo- 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


67 


sition  to  endorse  the  bonds  of  the  Louis- 
ville and  Frankfort  railroad  company  for 
$500,000,  to  enable  it  to  construct  a  branch 
railroad  from  Frankfort  to  Harrodsburg ; 
and  also  agrees  to  subscribe  $300,000  to- 
wards the  extension  of  said  road  beyond 
Harrodsburg  towards  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

The  will  of  the  late  Gen.  James  Taylor, 
of  Newport,  Ky.,  recorded  in  26  counties 
in  Ohio,  because  he  owned  real  estate  in 
them  all.  It  covers  12J^  pages  royal  8vo., 
closely  written,  and  relates  to  property 
valued  at  $4,000,000. 

May  18 — Steamboat  Eclipse  reaches  Lou- 
isville from  New  Orleans,  1440  miles,  in  4 
days  9  hours  and  31  minutes,  running 
against  a  rise  in  the  Mississippi.  Her 
time,  compared  with  that  of  the  J.  M. 
White,  May  8,  1844,  (until  now  the  fastest, 
to  Cairo  and  St.  Louis)  was,  in  days,  hours 


Echpse.     J 

M 

While. 

D. 

H.    M. 

D 

H.    M. 

0 

9  27 

les 0 

19  46 

0 

20  40 

"    1 

4  U 

1 

5  55 

To  Baton  Rouge 
Natchez,  277  mi 
Vicksburg,  401  ' 
J.  M.  White   48  hour 

sign 1  22  .Sa 

Memphis,  818  miles  ...  2  9  55 
J.  M.  White  3  day  sign  2  22  21 

Cairo,  1,077  miles 3     4     4 

Paducah,  1,124  miles..  3  7  20 
Evansville,l,16I  miles  3  18  34 
Creek   above  Hawes- 


lle. 


4     0     0 


Louisville,  1,444  miles  4     9  31 

The  J.  M.  White's  time  to  St.  Louis  was 
3  days  23  hours  9  minutes.  The  Eclipse, 
in  May,  1852,  made  the  run  from  New 
Orleans  to  Louisville  in  4  days  18  hours 

M.ay  22  — Steamboat  A.  L.  Shotw'ell 
reaches  Louisville  from  New  Orleans  in  4 
days  10  hours  20  minutes— just  51  minutes 
longer  time  than  the  Eclipse,  four  days 
previous.  The  Shotwell's  time  to  Natchez 
was  3  minutes  more  than  that  of  the 
Eclipse,  but  to  Cairo  was  24  minutes 
less. 

Passengers  by  the  Eclipse  to  Louisville 
who  took  the  Wheeling  packet  Alvin 
Adams,  reached  Maysville  in  5  days  7 
hours  15  minutes  from  New  Orleans— the 
quickest  trip  yet  made,  notwithstanding 
the  Adams  delayed  at  Louisville  1}4  hours, 
and  lost  at  Madison  \}4  and  at  Cincinnati 
S'A  hours. 

May  23— Chas.  EUet,  civil  engineer,  pub- 
lishes his  plan  for  improving  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  Ohio  river,  by  a  system  of 
reservoirs.  Only  thre«  or  'four  dams— no 
higher  than  those  on  the  Schuylkill  navi- 
gation—placed itcross  the  Allegheny,  Mo- 
nongahela,  and  Kanawha  rivers,  above 
navigation,  would  be  sufDcient  to  equalize 
the  depth  of  water  of  at  least  five  feet. 
"  He  hazards  the  opinion  that  less  than 
$1,250,000  will  suffice:  1,  To  supply  the 
Ohio  with  a  depth  sufficient  for  boats  of 
five  feet  draught;  2,  To  carry  an  open  and 
permanent  river  navigation  up  the  Alle- 
gheny to  Franklin  ;  3,  To  provide  a  slack- 
water  navigation   during  three-fourths  of 


the  year  from  Franklin  to  the  line  of  the 
Erie  railroad  in  New  York  ;  4,  To  improve 
the  navigation  of  the  Monongahela  into 
Virginia;  6,  To  e.ttend  that  of  the  Ka- 
nawha river  for  70  or  80  miles  above  Point 
Pleasant;  6,  Thus  supplying  water  of  un- 
rivalled capacity  and  permanence  on  nu- 
merous lines  of  steamboat  navigation,  and 
curbing  most  essentially  the  destructive 
power  of  floods."  He  gives  the  levels  of 
the  Ohio  above  tidewater,  at  the  following 
places  : 

Ohio  river  at  Condesport,  Pa...  1,649  ft. 

Glean  Point,  N.  Y 1,403 

Warren,  Pa 1,187 

Franklin,  Pa 960 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 699 

Wheeling,  Va 620 

Marietta,  Ohio 671 

Mouthof  Kan.awharivei,Va.      522 

Portsmouth,  Ohio 474 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 432 

New  Albany,  Ind 353 

Mouth  of  Wabash  river,  Ind.      297 

Mouth  of  the  Ohio 275 

From  Cairo  to  Pittsburgh  the  average 
inclination  of  the  Ohio  is  5  1-5  inches,  but 
from  Pittsburgh  to  Clean  Point,  the  incli- 
nation is  2  feet  10  inches. 

May  26— The  Presbyterian  General  As- 
sembly (old  school),  in  session  at  Phila- 
delphia, unanimously  resolves  to  establish 
a  tirst  class  theological  seminary  in  the 
West,  selects  Danville  as  the  location,  and 
elects  professors. 

June  29  — Thermometer  at  Loui.sville 
ranged  from  98°  to  103°,  in  the  shade. 

July— 50  head  of  Durham  cattle,  32 
sheep,  one  celebrated  Cleveland  Bay  horse, 
and  a  Neapolitan  sow  with  a  litter  of  pigs, 
imported  by  R.  Aitcheson  Alexander  and 
by  a  company  uf  farmers  in  Bourbon,  Fay- 
ette and  Clark  counties.  The  cattle  were 
selected  from  Lord  Feversham's  and  other 
noted  herds  in  England. 

July  25— Railroad  convention  at  Rich- 
mond, attended  by  delegations  from  North 
Carolina,  Virginia,  Tennessee  .and  Ohio,  to 
promote  the  construction  of  a  road  from 
Lexington  to  Cumberland  Gap. 
July  27— Lexington  lighted  with  gas. 
Aug.  1 — Five  whigs,  Ben.  Edwards  Grey, 
Presley  Ewing,  Clement  S.  Hill,  William 
Preston,  and  Leander  M.  Cox,  and  five 
democrats,  Linn  Boyd,  Jas.  S.  Chrisman 
(by  35  votes  over  Thos.  E.  Bramlette), 
John  M.  Elliott,  John  C.  Breckinridge  (by 
626  votes  over  ex-Gov.  Robert  P.  Letcher), 
and  Richard  H.  Stanton,  elected  to  con- 
gress; 22  whigs  and  ]6  democrats  to  the 
state  senate,  and  65  whigs  and  45  demo- 
crats to  the  house  of  representatives.  The 
prohibitory  liquor  law  succeeded  in  Boyle 
county  by  162,  and  in  Qerrard  by  99  ma- 
jority. In  Muhlenburg,  the  temperance 
ticket  for  all  countv  officers  elected. 

Aug.  1— Thos.  D.  Brown,  clerk  of  the 
Hardin  circuit  court,  shot,  not  fatally,  in  a 
personal  difficulty,  by  his  brother-in-law, 
iJryan  R.  Young,  ex-member  of  congress. 

Aug.  8—526  visitors  at  the  Lower  Blue 
Lick  Springs. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Aug.  13— Thermometer  100°  to  102=,  ii 
the  shade. 

A  silk  factory  in  operation  at  Newport. 
Aug.  25 — Remarkably  fine  t'ruit  season 
Peaches  grown  weighing  9  to  9%  ounces 
9}4  'o  10  inches  in  circumference,  and  sell 
ing  for  $10  per  bushel;  imperial  gage- 
plums  measuring  5  to  6J^  inches,  and 
weighing  2  to  2^i  ounces ;  egg-plums 
weighing  %  of  an  ounce;  yellow  gage- 
plums,  7  to  a  pound,  one  weighing  2J^ 
ounces;  apples  15J^  to  16J4  inches  in  cir- 
cumference, weighing  25)4,  26  and  31 
ounces ;  two  watermelons,  42  and  65 
pounds. 

A  Ky.  mule,  19J^  hands  or  6  feet  6 
inches  high,  weight  2,200  pounds,  sym- 
metrical and  docile,  on  exhibition  in 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

Aug.  19— Public  sale  at  Brutus  J.  Clay's 
farm,  near  Paris,  of  the  English  stock  im- 
ported by  the  Northern  Ky.  Importing  Co. 
10  bulls  sold  for  $1,000,  $1,425,  $1,600, 
$1,800,  $2,000,  $2,575,  $3,005,  $4,526, 
$4,850,  and  $6,001 ;  13  cows  and  heifers 
for  $636  to  $1,500,  and  2  cows  at  $3,025 
and  $3,050  ;  a  Cleveland  Bay  horse,  Young 
Lord,  for  $2,800  ;  Cotswold  bucks  at  $710  ; 
$1,010,  and  ewes  at  $105  to  $270;  South- 
down bucks  at  $340,  $400,  and  $755,  and 
ewes  at  $180  to  $350  ;  Leicester  buck  and 
ewes  at  $60  to  $52  each.  Total  cost  of  the 
bulls  to  d.ay  of  sale  $4,835  ;  they  sold  for 
$28,681 ;  the  cows  and  heifers  cost  $6,924, 
and  sold  for  $20,230  ;  the  horse  cost  $889, 
sold  for  $2,800;  the  17  sheep  sold  for 
$6,263.  A  few  days  after,  Jas.  S.  Matson 
sold  his  imported  bull,  John  O'Gaunt,  for 
$4,000. 

Aug.  30— A  comet  in  the  west,  visible 
to  the  naked  eye  about  an  hour  after  sun- 
set ;  its  nucleus  of  the  brightness  of  a  star 
of  the  third  magnitude;  discovered  June 
10,  and  steadily  increasing  in  brightness. 

Logan  county,  by  809  majority,  sub- 
scribes $300,000  to  the  Louisville  and 
Memphis  railroad. 
Aug.  28— Slight  earthquake  at  Hickman. 
Sept.  5 — The  contributions  from  Ken- 
tucky to  the  World's  Fair  at  New  York 
attract  great  attention  ;  in  hemp  and  to- 
bacco outstripping  all  the  United  States, 
as  well  as  Bussia,  Austria  and  Cuba.  A 
bale  of  hemp  from  J.  J.  Hunter,  of  Lexing- 
ton, is  remarkably  fine  in  fibre  and  silk- 
like in  texture ;  a  hogshead  of  tobacco 
from  T.ibb,  Taylor  &  French,  of  Dover, 
stands  bare,  and  some  leaves  are  shown 
3X  feet  long  and  2  feet  wide,  which  excel 
all  others  in  appearance  and  quality  ;  and 
the  "Henry  Clay  quilt"  made  by  Miss 
Ellen  Anderson,  of  Louisville,  is  exquis- 
itely beautiful  and  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting and  elegant  objects  on  exhibition. 
Col.  Wm.  Shcpard  Rand  is  the  official  com- 
missioner for  Ky. 

Sept.  15— Shelby  county,  by  304  m.njority, 
subscribes  $600,000  to  aid  the  Louisville 
and  Frankfort  R.  R.  Co.  in  constructing  a 
railroad  from  Hobbs'  station,  through  Shel- 
byville  and  Ilarrodsburg,  towards  Knox- 
ville. 


Sept.  9— Stephen  F.  J.  Trabue  sub- 
scribes $1,000  to  the  Clay  monument  at 
Lexington. 

Sept.  20 — Ashland,  the  home  of  Henry 
Clay,  in  order  to  close  up  his  estate,  sold 
at  public  auction  ;  his  son.  James  B.  Clay, 
bought  it,  337  acres,  at  $140  per  acre. 

Sept.  22 — A  mammoth  ox,  over  19  hands 
high  and  weighing  over  6,000  pounds,  ex- 
hibited on  the  Lexington  Fair  grounds. 

Oct.  6— Opening  of  the  Maysville  and 
Lexington  railroad,  at  the  Maysville 
end. 

Oct.  9— Great  hail  storm  in  Fayette  and 
Woodford  counties  ;  hail,  in  many  places, 
12  to  13  inches  deep  ;  corn  crops  cut  down, 
fodder  stripped  off,  and  ears  shelled  of  the 
grain  :  $100,000  estimated  damage. 

Oct.  22— Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge, 
D.D.,  LL.D.,  resigns  the  office  of  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction.  Rev.  John 
D.   Matthews,   D.D.,   appointed    his   suo- 


Oct. 


-63   people    of    color. 


of 


west  coast  of  Africa. 

Nov.  2— Wm.  H.  G.  Butler,  principal  of 
the  Louisville  High  School,  killed  by  Matt. 
F.  Ward,  in  the  school  room,  in  presence 
of  the  scholars. 

Nov.  15— Gre.at  falling  off,  this  year,  in 
the  m.anufacture  of  Bourbon  whiskey. 

Nov.  18— Judgment  in  the  Jefferson  cir- 
cuit court,  Louisville,  for  $5,000  in  favor 
of  Mrs.  Waring  vs.  the  Nautilus  Insurance 
Co.  of  N.  Y.,  for  a  policy  upon  the  life  of 
Rev.  Thos.  Waring,  of  the  Methodist  E. 
Church  South — who  disappeared  mysteri- 
ously in  Dec,  1843,  believed  to  have  been 
rdered  near  Elizabethtown.  The  Co. 
had  refused  payment,  alleging  their  belief 
that  he  had  absconded  and  was  not  dead. 
The  jury  in  the  case  was  not  out  10  min- 
so  convinced  were  they  of  his  death, 
ithstanding  the  depositions  of  two 
persons  who  swore  to  having  seen  him 
since  the  date  of  his  disappc-iranoe. 

Several   Canada    papers    commence  an- 

luncing,  as  news,  the  arrivals  of  runaway 

ives   from    Kentucky    and    other    slave 

otes. 

Nov.  19— The  ceremony  of  "breaking 
ground"  upon  the  Lexington  and  Big 
Sandy    railroad,    at    Catlettsburg;     large 

owd  and  handsome  speeches. 

Nov.  28— First  inundated  two-wire  tele- 
graph cable  ever  laid,  just  laid  across  the 
"•  ■    river  at  Maysville.     A  cable,  of  a  dif- 
ferent style,  across  the  Ohio  and  Tennessee  • 
■  rers  at  Paducah. 

Nov.  26— Pulaski  county  votes,  by  600 
majority,  $200,000  toward  a  railroad  from 

obbs'  Depot,  near  Louisville,  to  Knox- 

lle. 

Dec— Joel  T.  Hart,  the  Ky.  sculptor  at 
Florence,  Italy,  has  just  finished  three 
marble  busts  of  distinguished  Kentuckians, 
John  J.  Crittenden,  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe, 
nd  Henry  Clay.  He  is  .also  at  work  on  a 
full  length  statue  of  Mr.  Clay,  for  the 
s  of  Richmond,  Va. 


1854. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


New  "Capital  Hotel"  at  Frankfort 
opened. 

Dec.  5— Linn  BoyJ,  of  Ky.,  elected 
speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives  of 
congress,  receiving  143  votes;  he  had  pre- 
viously been  nominated  by  a  caucus  of  the 
democratic  members.  David  R.  Atchison, 
of  Mo.  (a  native  of  Ky.)  is  speaker  of  the 

James  Guthrie,  U.  S.  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  in  his  annual  report  says  that, 
under  the  operation  of  an  act  of  the  Ky. 
legislature,  the  10,000  shares  of  stock  in 
the  Louisville  and  Portland  canal  have 
been  bought  up  and  reduced  to  3,712 — of 
which  2,902  belong  to  the  U.  S.,  and  810 
to  individuals.  In  one  year  longer,  these 
810  shares  will  be  absorbed,  and  the  U.  S. 
be  the  sole  stockholder.  Hereafter,  only 
sufficient  tolls  to  pay  expenses  and  repairs 
are  to  be  charged. 

Dec.  10— Nearly  $1,000,000  have  been 
invested  by  Kentuckians,  during  the  last 
18  months,  in  real  estate  in  and  around 
Chicago. 

Dec.  12 — An  association  formed  and 
charter  obtained  in  Ohio  to  build  a  railroad 
from  Dayton,  by  way  of  Blanchester,  to 
Maysville,  Ky. ;  will  probably  pass  through 
the  towns  of  Waynesville  in  W.irren  county, 
Blanchester,  in  Clinton  county,  and  Fay- 
etteville.  New  Hope,  Georgetown  and  Rip- 
ley in  Brown  county. 

Dee.  18 — Shock  of  earthquake  at  Hick- 
man, severe  enough  to  throw  down  several 
stove  pipes. 

Dec.  25— Regular  trains  running  from 
Lexington  to  Paris,  over  the  Maysville  and 
Lexington  railroad. 

Covington  recognized  as  the  metropolis 
of  a  Roman  Catholic  diocese,  and  a  Cathe- 
dral church  now  building. 

Wire  suspension  bridge  between  Cov- 
ington and  Newport  completed,  at  a  cost 
of  $80,000. 

Dec.  28— Covington  lighted  with  gas. 

Dec.  31 — Legislature  meets.  John  B. 
Thompson  having  resigned  the  office  of 
lieutenant  governor,  Henry  G.  Bibb  is,  on 
the  9th  ballot,  Jan.  2,  elected  speaker  of 
the  senate.  Chas.  G.  Wintersmith  elected 
speaker  of  the  house,   on   the  4th  ballot, 


31. 


1854,  J.an.  2— In  Maysville,  the  vote  for 
license  was  145,  against  it  159 — maj.  14. 
In  Lexington,  Jan.  7,  the  temperance 
candidates  for  mayor  and  council  defeated, 
except  2  councilmen. 

Jan.  10— John  J.  Crittenden  elected 
U.  S.  senator  for  6  years  from  March  4, 
1855,  when  the  terp  of  Archibald  Dixon 
will  expire;  Crittenden  (whig)  78,  Lazarus 
W.  Powell  (democrat)  59. 

The  sheriff  of  Powell  county,  J.  A.  Daw- 
son, pays  to  the  state  auditor  the  revenue 
of  that  county,  without  reporting  a  single 
delinquent. 

Jan.  14— The  Detroit  Free  Democrat 
publishes  in  its  market  reports  the  arrivals 
of  fugitive  slaves— 20  from  different  parts 
of  Ky.  in  ten  days — at  that  place.  Canada 
papers  also  report  them. 


Jan.  16 — Fall  of  the  suspension  bridge 
at  Covington. 

Jan.  17— Madame  Sontag  gives  her  first 
concert  in  Louisville. 

Jan.  22— Violent  wind  storm  along  the 
Ohio  river;  15  coal  boatmen  perished,  110 
coal  boats  and  over  1,000,000  bushels  coal 
lost. 

Jan.  24— S.  W.  Robinson,  of  Greene 
couaty,  on  a  banter,  rides  on  horseback, 
without  change  of  horse,  from  Munfords- 
ville  to  Louisville,  77  miles,  over  a  very 
bad  road,  in  83^2  hours  ;  weight  carried,  200 

Jan.  21— The  citizens  of  Covington  by 
vote  authorize  the  city  council  to  endorse 
the  bonds  of  the  Louisville  and  Covington 
railro.ad  to  amount  of  $600,000. 

At  the  New  York  crystal  palace  exhibi- 
ti(jn  of  the  industry  of  all  nations,  the 
hif/heat  premiums  were  awarded  for  the  fol- 
lowing articles  from  Ky. :  1.  Silver  medal 
to  the  Newport  silk  manufacturing  com- 
pany, for  perfection  and  general  excellence 
of  silk  from  cocoon  of  Ky.  growth  ;  bronze 
medals  2.  To  Miss  Ellen  Anderson,  of 
Louisville,  for  patchwork  quilt  "  Henry 
Clay  ;"  3.  To  John  J.  Hunter,  of  Lexing- 
ton, for  Ky.  dressed  hemp;  4.  To  Robert 
Usher,  of  Louisville,  for  beef,  hams  and 
spiced  meats;  5.  To  Hayes,  Craig  &  Co., 
of  Louisville,  for  hats  and  caps.  No  second 
premiums  were  awarded  ;  the  competition 
extensive  and  severe.  Jan.  20,  the  Ky. 
legislature  passes  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Col. 
Wm.  S.  Rand  for  his  fidelity  and  energy 
as  Ky.  commissioner  at  the  exhibition. 

Jan.  30 — Great  excitement  and  indigna- 
tion at  Newport,  because  of  Judge  Alvin 
Duvall's  decision,  denying  the  right 
claimed  by  the  Newport  and  Cincinnati 
packet  company  to  run  their  steamboat, 
Commodore,  as  a  ferry  boat  between  those 
cities,  under  a  U.  S.  coasting  license,  and 
in  violation  of  the  ferry  right  of  James 
Taylor  and  others  ;  an  injunction  granted 

Feb.  6— Great  fire  at  Richmond;  18 
houses,  a  whole  square,  burned. 

Feb.  9— Preamble  and  resolutions,  of- 
fered by  D.  Howard  Smith,  in  reference  to 
the  public  services  and  death  of  Henry 
Clay,  draw  forth  some  of  the  finest  bursts 
of  eloquence  ever  heard  in  the  legislative 
halls.  They  direct  the  halls  to  be  clad  in 
mourning  for  the  residue  of  the  session, 
besides  other  demonstrations  of  mourning. 

Feb.  11— The  eight  per  cent,  conven- 
tional interest  bill,  which  passed  the  senate 
by  17  to  16,  defeated  in  the  house  by  yeas 
40,  nays  62. 

Feb.  11— Legislature  appropriates  $25,- 
000  towards  re-building  the  Ky.  institution 

for  the  education   of  the  blind 18— 

And  $7,500  for  additional  buildings  at  the 

deaf  and  dumb  asylum 2.3— Cedes  to 

the  U.  S.  jurisdiction  over  the  Harrodsburg 

springs  for  a  military  asylum Directs 

a  sword  to  be  presented  to  Henry  E.  Read, 
of  Larue  county,  late  ensign  in  Col.  An- 
drews' regiment  of  voltigeurs,  for  gallant 
services  in  bearing  the  flag  of  his  country 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


under  the  walls  of  ChapuUepec. 

Feb.  12— Three  earthquake  shock?,  at  6 
p.  M.,  at  midnight,  and  at  5  next  a.  m.,  at 
Manchester,  and  for  25  miles  around. 

Feb.  16— Public  dinner  at  the  new  Capi- 
tal Hotel,  Frankfort,  to  ex-Gov.  John  J. 
Crittenden,  by  the  Whig  members  of  the 
legislature  and  the  AVhig  citizens  of  Frank- 
fort. 

54  shares  Northern  Bank  of  Ky.  stock 
sold,  at  Lexington,  at  $116.50  per  share. 

200  persons  join  two  Mcth-.iist  .hurrhcs 
in  Covington,  87  a  Meth(.(list  cliajjil  in 
Harrison  county,  and  37  the  Presbyterian 
church  in  Maysville.  JIuch  religious  in- 
terest in  other  parts  of  the  state,  and  in  all 
denominations. 

Feb.  22— Got.  .Tos.  A.  Wright,  of  Indi- 
ana—by invitation  of  Gov.  Powell— is  met 
at  Louisville  by  a  committee  of  the  legis- 
lature, and  visits  Frankfort ;  enthusiastic 
and  handsome  reception. 

Feb.  28— Shock  of  earthquake,  felt  at 
Paris,  Lexington,  Richmond,  Barbours- 
Tille,  and  other  points. 

Feb.  21— Gov.  Powell  vetoes  the  bill  ap- 
portioning the  state  into  10  congressional 
districts  ;  the  senate  again  passes  it  by  21 
to  12,  and  the  house  by  53  to  46,  and  it 
becomes  a  law  **  the  governor's  objections 
to  the  contrary  notwithstanding." 

Feb.  28— Gov.  Powell  vetoes  the  bill 
incorporating  the  Planters  and  Manu- 
facturers' Bank  at  Louisville —  capital 
$2,600,000,  with  privilege  to  extend  it  to 
$3,600,000— with  branches  at  Eddyville, 
Hawesville,  Glasgow,  Elizabethtown,  Shel- 
byville,  Cynthiana,  Winchester,  Barbours- 
ville,  and  Catlettsburg ;  and  also  the  bill 
changing  the  Deposit  Bank  of  Covington 
into  the  Savings'  Bank  of  Ky.,  capital 
$800,000,  with  branches  at  Springfield  and 
Burksville.  The  house  refused  to  pass 
either  bill,  over  the  governor's  veto,  the 
former  by  yeas  43,  nays  45,  and  the  latter 
by  yeas  40,  nays  47  ;  but  the  senate  passed 
the  latter  bill,  over  the  veto,  by  yeas  20, 
nays  15. 

Besides  these,  the  house  had  passed,  by 
47  to  45,  a  bill  to  establish  the  Milton 
Bank  of  Ky.,  capital  $800,000,  with 
branches  at  Lancaster,  Stanford,  and  Pres- 
tonsburg;  it  was  defeated  in  the  senate  by 
a  tie  vote.  Other  bank  bills  were  pending, 
or  ready  to  be  reported  for  action  :  F.ills 
City  Bank  of  Ky.  at  Louisville,  $600,000 
capital,  and  ono  branch ;  Northejistern 
Bank  of  Ky.  at  Maysville,  $1,000,000  cap- 
ital ;  a  bank  at  Paducah,  $300,000  capital. 
[It  would  have  been  wise  if  Ky.  had 
sooner  checked  the  tendency  to  increase 
banks  and  banking  privileges,  with  the 
resulting  inflation  of  currency.  Illinois 
and  Indiana  have  recently  largely  in- 
creased their  banking  capital,  under  the 
free  banking  system.] 

Feb.  28— Alex.  McClintock,  of  Nicholas 
county,  left  standing  in  the  rick,  for  one 
year  longer  than  usual,  part  of  his  hemp 
crop — which  proves  very  bright,  200  pounds  j 


over,  and 
Russia  hemp. 

March  1 — Legislature  appropriates  $10,- 
000  to  aid  in  the  erection  of  a  monument 

over  the  grave  of  Henry  Clay 6— Act 

imposing  fine  of  §100  for  betting  on  elec- 
tions, and  also    forfeits    to    the    state  the 

money    or    projierly    won Geological 

and  mineralogical  survey  of  the  state  or- 
dered, and  $10,000  appropriated  to  pay  the 
expense 7 — Vote  to  be  taken  in  Au- 
gust, 1855,  upon  the  propriety  and  ex- 
pediency of  increasing  the  common  school 
tax  three  cents  upon  each  $100  of  taxable 
property 9 — Code  of  practice  in  crim- 
inal cases  established $17,500  appro- 
priated to  rebuild  that  part  of  Eastern 
lunatic  asylum  destroyed  by  fire Sal- 
aries of  the  court  of  appeals  judges  raised 
to  $2,000,  and  nf  the   circuit  court  judges 

to  $1,800 $2,000  each  appropriated  to 

the  commissioners  who  prepared  the  re- 
vised statutes,  $500  additional  to  Chas.  A. 
Wickliffe  for  superintending  the  publica- 
tion, full  pay  to  the  public  printer  for 
printing  them,  and  $300  to  Wm.  L.  Cal- 
lender  for  arranging  the  index   and  side 

notes $1,000    each    [addition.il    to 

$1,000  two  years  ago]  appropriated  to 
Madison  C.  Johnson,  James  Harlan,  and 
John  W.  Stevenson  (in  place  of  Preston  S. 
.  Loughborough,  resigned)  for  preparing 
and  completing  a  code  of  practice  in  civil 

and  criminal  proceedings $1,250  per 

annum  appropriated  for  the  support  of 
Cumberland  hospital,  $20,000  for  the  sup- 
'  port  of  the  lunatic  .asylum  at  Lexington 
and  $15,000  for  arrearages  due  same,  $15,- 
550  for  the  support  of  the  second  Ky.  luna- 
tic asylum,  and  $44,017  for  completing  the 

buildings   of  same Price    of  vacant 

lands  belonging  to  the  state — in  the  coun- 
ties of  Greenup,  Lawrence,  Carter,  Pike, 
Knox,  Laurel,  Whitley,  Rockcastle,  Perry, 
Letcher,  Owsley,  Breathitt,  Cl.ay,  Harlan, 
Morgan  and  Pulaski — reduced  to  23-<  cents 

per  acre 10— The  revenue  to  be  paid 

into  the  Treasury  hereafter  in  December, 

instead  of   in    January Any    person 

carrying  concealed  deadly  weapons  shall 
be  fined  from  $50  to  $100,  and  on  any 
subsequent  conviction  from  $100  to  $500. 
The  carrying  of  such  weapons  made  legal,  1. 
Where  the  person  has  reasonable  grounds  to 
believe  himself,  or  some  of  his  family  or  his 
pro])erty,  in  danger  from  violence  or  crime  ; 
2.  Where  officers  of  the  law  carry  weapons 
for  their  protection  ;  or  3.  Where  persons 
are  requii-ed  by  business  or  occupation  to 
travel  in  the  night. 

March  8— $1,200,000  of  Ky.  state  bonds 

held  abroad,  by  foreigners S.alary  of 

the  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
raised  from  .$750  per  annum  to  $1,000. 

March  10 — Remarkably  heavy  rains  for 
48  hours  ending  at  dark.  Ohio  rising  very 
fast.  Flood  in  Licking  river  higher  than 
since  1800,  and  doing  immense  damage; 
at  Sherburne,  Fleming  county,  the  post 
office  and  other  houses  lifted  from  their 
fuundatiuns,  and  the  mills  and  other  houses 


1854. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


71 


greatly  injured;  stages  u»able  to  pass  be- 
tween Mountsterling  and  Maysvillc  for 
three  days  ;  much  damage  done  by  hmd- 
slides ;  suspension  bridge  at  Falmouth 
rendered  impassable  for  several  weeks ; 
Kentucky  river  rose  114  feet  per  hour  for 
15  hours ;  large  part  of  Frankfort  sub- 
merged ;  on  Eikhorn,  Steadman's  paper- 
mill  dam  swept  off,  with  many  others,  and 
the  inhabitants  along  the  creek  compelled 
to  flee  from  their  houses ;  many  bridges 
carried  away,  and  the  fencing  along  all 
streams  :  railroad  tracks  undermined  and 
settled ;  trains  suspended  for  6  days,  on 
the  Covington  and  Lexington  railroad. 

March  12— Miss  Delia  Webster— who, 
out  of  sympathy  for  her  sex,  was  pardoned 
out  of  the  Ky.  penitentiary,  several  years 
ago,  where  she  was  a  prisoner  for  aiding 
the  Rev.  Calvin  Fairbanks  in  the  escape  of 
.slaves — not  long  after  removed  to  Madison, 
Indiana,  and  recently  to  Ky.  opposite 
Madison  ;  .and  with  Rev.  Norris  Day,  has 
assisted  away  many  slaves.  Large  meet- 
ings held  in  Oldham,  Henry  and  Trimble 
counties ;  Miss  Webster  first  requested, 
and   then  compelled,  to  remove   from  the 

March  13— Imported  Spanish  jack  stock 
sold  at  Maysville  by  auction  ;  1  jennet  for 
$1,010,  and  9  jacks  for  $635  to  $1,040  each. 

March  13— Explosion  of  steamboat  Rein- 
deer, when  leaving  Cannelton,  Indiana; 
46  persons,  deck  hands  or  western-bound 
emigrants,  killed  or  wounded. 

March  16— Great  hailstorm  and  whirl- 
wind in  Bourbon  eo. ;  hail  fell  to  the  depth 
of  6  inches,  some  of  the  hailstones  as  large 
as  hulled  walnuts  and  a  few  as  large  as 
hen-eggs. 

Population  of  Lexington  9,139— an  in- 
crease of  778  in  one  year. 

March  16— Ex-President  Millard  Pill- 
more  visits  Frankfort  and  Louisville;  at 
the  latter  city,  a  large  procession  escorts 
him  from  the  depot  to  the  Louisville  Hotel, 
the  mayor  tenders  him  the  freedom  of  the 


"y, 


abli. 


March  27 — Sharp  words  in  debate  on  the 
floor  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  con- 
gress, between  Francis  B.  Cutting,  of 
N.  Y.,  and  John  C.  Breckinridge,  of  Ky. 
A  note  from  Mr.  Cutting  called  upon  Mr. 
Breckinridge  to  "retract  the  assertion  [B. 
had  charged  C.  with  saying  what  was 
/a/«e,],  or  to  make  the  explanation  due 
from  one  gentleman  to  another."  This 
was  understood  to  be  a  challenge,  and 
Breckinridge  named  rifles,  fiO  paces.  Col. 
Monroe,  the  friend  of  Cutting,  claimed  that 
Cutting  was  the  challenged  party,  and  in- 
sisted upon  pistols,  10  paces.  This  in- 
volved a  dispute  as  to  which  was  the 
challenged  party,  and  led  to  a  declaration 
by  Cutting  that  his  first  note  (several  had 
passed)  was  not  a  challenge.  Linn  Boyd, 
Thus.  H.  Benton,  and  others  very  active 
in  bringing  about  an  explanation,  and  the 
matter  honorably  adjusted. 

April  1— Great  four-mile  race  at  New 
Orleans;  purse  $20,000  ;  Lexington,  a  Ky. 
horse,  wins  in  two  straight  heats  in  8:08% 


and  8:04,  beating  Lecorate  from  Miss., 
Highlander  from  Ala.,  and  distancing  Ar- 
row from  La. ;  track  heavy.  April  8,  the 
greatest  race  on  record  came  off",  four  railo 
heats,  purse  $2,600.  Lecomte  wins  in 
7:26  and  7:.38%,  beating  Lexington  and 
Rube,  and  distancing  Rube  in  the  last 
heat;  he  wins  the  first  heat  by  6,  and  the 
second  by  4  lengths.  [For  more  than  20 
years,  the  race  of  Eclipse  and  Henry,  over 
the  Union  course.  Long  Island,  May  27, 
1823,  was  the  quickest  four-mile  race  on 
record — 7:37^.  Over  the  same  course. 
May  10,  1842,  Fashion  beat  Boston— in 
7:32K  and  7:45.  Next  year,  March  29, 
1843,  at  New  Orleans,  George  Martin 
made  his  fast  race  in  7:33—7:43.  The  sire 
of  Lecorate  is  Boston,  who  made  his  fastest 
time  with  Fashion,  above  ;  and  his  dam, 
Reel,  who,  Dec.  11,  1841,  won  a  race  at 
New  Orleans  in  7:40—7:43.] 

April  8 — Thermometer  88°,  in  the  shade. 

April  13— A  piece  of  wood  from  the 
stump  of  a  locust  tree  in  Rockcastle  county, 
with  the  name  of  Daniel  Boone  carved  on 
it,  much  worn  but  still  legible,  is  presented 
to  the  Louisville  Journal  by  Mr.  Meeker, 
the  landscape  painter.  There  is  but  little 
doubt  that  the  name  was  cut  by  the  noble 
old  pioneer  himself. 

April  17 — Snow  falls  in  northern  Ky., 
one  inch  deep.  [April  23,  1837,  snow  fell 
three  inches  deep.] 

In  the  legislature  of  California  are  12 
natives  of  Ky. 

April  24 — Steameis  Jacob  Strader  and 
Alvin  Adams,  riv.al  Cincinnati  packets, 
leave  Louisville  at  3  P.  M.,  go  out  of  sight 
in  28  or  29  minutes,  and  arrive  at  Madison 
together,  locked,  in  3  hours  39  minutes. 

April  25 — Newport  votes  against  a  sub- 
scription of  $200,000  to  the  Newport  and 
Louisville  railroad. 

April  27— Trial  of  Matt.  F.  Ward  for 
killing  Wm.  H.  G.  Butler  in  Louisville, 
which,  since  April  18.  has  been  in  prog- 
ress, by  a  change  of  venue,  at  Elizabeth- 
town. — closed  by  a  verdict  of  "  not  guilty.'* 
Counsel  for  prosecution  :  Alfred  Allen  of 
Breckinridge  co.,  commonwealth's  attor- 
ney, assisted  by  Robert  B.  Carpenter  of 
Covington,  F.  W.  Gibson  of  Louisville, 
and  Sylvester  Harris  of  Elizabethtown. 
Counsel  for  Ward  :  John  J.  Crittenden  of 
Fr.ankfort,  Thos.  F.  Marshall  of  Versailles, 
Geo.  Alfred  Caldwell,  Nat.  Wolfe,  and 
Thos.  W.  Riley  of  Louisville,  John  L. 
Helm,  Jas.  W.  H.ays  and  R.  B.  Hays  of 
Elizabethtown.  Mr.  Allen,  in  his  closing 
speech,  passed  this  high  compliment, — he 
thought  one  man  could  not,  in  a  life-time, 
make  two  such  speeches  as  the  one  he  had 
just  heard  from  Mr.  Crittenden. 

April  29— Over  8,000  people,  in  a  public 
meeting  at  Louisville,  in  resolutions  read 
by  Bland  Ballard,  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  resolutions  (John  H.  Harney, 
Dr.  Theodore  S.  Bell,  Wm.  D.  Gallagher, 
AVm.  T.  Haggin,  Edgar  Needham,  and 
A.  G.  Munn)  denounce  "  the  verdict  of  the 
jury  in  the  Hardin  circuit  court,  by  which 
Matt.  F.  Ward  was  declared  innocent  of 


(^>' 


•w' 


72 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


any  crime  in  the  Itilling  of  Wm.  H.  G. 
Butler,  as  in  opposition  to  all  the  evidence 
in  the  case,  contrary  to  our  ideas  of  public 
justice,  and  subversive  of  the  fundamental 
principles  of  personal  security,  guaranteed 
by  the  constitution  of  the  state."  After 
the  committee  had  left  the  room,  other 
resolutions  were  carried,  requesting  Matt. 
F.  Ward  and  his  brother  (indicted  with 
him,  as  accessory)  to  leave  the  city,  and 
two  of  their  counsel  (Nat.  Wolfe,  Esq., 
and  Hon.  John  J.  Crittenden)  to  resign 
their  seats  in  the  senate  of  Kentucky  and 
the  U.  S.  senate,  respectively.  In  the 
streets,  a  mob  burned  the  effigies  of  John  J. 
Crittenden  and  Nat.  Wolfe,  of  Geo.  D. 
Prentice,  editor  of  the  Journal,  (who  had 
testified  in  court  as  to  the  character  and 
manners  of  Ward,)  of  Matt.  F.  Ward  him- 
self, and  of  the  Hardin  county  jury  which 
had  acquitted  him.  It  then  surged  to  the 
elegant  mansion  of  Robert  J.  Ward  (father 
of  Matt.  F.  Ward),  which  was  stoned,  the 
windows  destroyed,  the  beautiful  glass 
conservatory,  full  of  the  rarest  plants  and 
flowers,  demolished,  and  the  house  set  on 
fire  in  front;  the  firemen  soon  arrested  the 
flames,  despite  the  resistance  of  part  of  the 
mob.  It  than  surged  to  the  Journal  oflice 
and  to  the  residence  of  Nat.  Wolfe  ;  but 
the  determined  efforts  of  a  few  leading 
citizens  succeeded  in  checking  its  fury  be- 
fore much  damage  was  done.  The  mayor 
had  announced  to  the  crowd  in  the  court 
house  that  the  persons  against  whom  popu- 
lar feeling  was  directed,  had  left  the  city 
with  their  families,  and  their  houses  and 
property  were  under  the  protection  of  the 
city  authorities.  Noble  Butler,  brother  of 
the  deceased,  had  issued  a  card  to  the  peo- 
ple of  Louisville,  appealing  to  them  in 
strong  terras  to  stay  the  thought  and  hand 
of  violence,  and  to  act  calmly  and  pru- 
dently. 

April  28— Great  fire  at  Frankfort,  con- 
suming every  house  on  Main  street  from 
the  Capital  Hotel  to  the  Mansion  House, 
17  of  brick,  and  sever.al  of  frame;  loss  be- 
tween $100,000  and  $200,000. 

May  1 — David  Dale  Owen  appointed 
state  geologist,  and  Prof.  Pvobert  Peter,  of 
Transylvania  university,  one  of  his  assist- 
ants. 

4-i  colored  emigrants  for  Liberia  in 
Africa,  leave  Louisville. 

May  .3 — Grant  Green  appointed  secretary 
of  state,  in  place  of  Jas.  P.  Metcalfe,  re- 
signed ;  and  Jas.  W.  Tate  assistant  secre- 
tary of  state. 

Auction  sale  at  Paris  of  17  imported 
Sussex  and  Middlesex  pigs,  at  prices  rang- 
ing from  $lfi  to  $150— averaging  $59  each. 

May  6 — Steamboat  Jacob  Strader  makes 
the  trip  from  Louisville  to  M.adison  in  3 
hours  19  minutes,  the  quickest  ever  made. 

May  14— Rattlesnake  6'A  feet  long,  18 
inches  around,  with  21  rattles,  killed  on 
the  farm  of  Geo.  W.  Bowman,  in  Bullitt 
county,  4  miles  south  of  Shepherdsville. 

May  15— Matt.  F.  Ward,  in  a  card  in 
the  N.  0.  Delta,  addressed  "  to  the  editors 
of  the  U,  S.,"  begs  them   not  to  prejudge 


his  case,  but  to  w.ait  until  the  evidence  and 
the  arguments  of  counsel  shall  appear  in 
an  official  form. 

May  26 — Great  annular  eclipse    of  the 

June  8— Barbecue  at  Cynthiana,  cele- 
brating the  opening  to  that  place  of  the 
Covington  and  Lexington  railroad. 

June  14 — Great  sale  of  lots  in  the  new 
town  of  Ashl.and,  in  Greenup  co. ;  80  lots 
at  auction  at  $150  to  $510,  and  120  more  at 

June  24— By  a  vote  of  1,252  for  and 
1,741  against,  Louisville  decides  not  to 
build  water-works. 

July  10— Deaths  from  cholera,  since 
June  1 :  at  Taylorsville  2,  Springfield  8, 
Hickman  25,  Bowling  Green  6,  Shepherds- 
ville 19,  Hustonville  and  vicinity  8,  Mt. 
Sterling  17,  Simpson  co.  4,  Brooksville  3; 
occasional  cases  elsewhere. 

John  B.  Poyntz,  of  Mason  county,  im- 
ports a  fine  lot  of  Devon  and  improved 
Alderney  or  Jersey  cattle. 

July  11 — The  grand  jury  at  Elizabeth- 
town  indict  for  perjury  four  of  the  jurymen 
on  the  trial  of  Matt.  F.  Ward. 

July  18  to  Aug.  4— Thermometer  ranges 
from  94°  to  102°  in  the  shade  ;  frequent 
deaths  from  sunstroke  ;  great  drouth. 

Financial  embarrassments  thickening 
upon  all  Ky.  railroads  in  course  of  con- 
struction. Some  have  suspended  work 
altogether,  others  partially  ;  the  condition 
of  the  money  market  prevents  the  negotia- 
tion of  railroad  securities ;  several  new 
projects,  although  having  liberal  county 
subscriptions  of  stock,  abandoned. 

July  25  — City  Hall,  at  Lexington, 
burned. 

Aug.  7 — Election  for  county  officers ; 
Know  Nothing  ticket  successful  in  Louis- 
ville and  several  other  cities  ;  Henry  J. 
Stites  elected  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals 
by  5,283  majority  over  John  H.  McHenry. 

Aug.  7 — Hailstorm  in  Daviess,  Ohio, 
and  Breckinridge  counties ;  damage  esti- 
mated at  $25,000. 

Aug.  13— Sunday,  2  A.  M.,  1,100  kegs 
(27,500  pounds)  gunpowder,  in  a  magazine 
on  the  hill-side  in  the  edge  of  Maysville, 
fired  by  incendiaries,  and  explode  with 
terrific  effect ;  over  4,000  people  within  one 
mile,  many  hair-breadth  escapes,  a  few 
persons  injured,  one  dangerously,  none 
fatally;  one  woman,  ill  at  the  time,  died 
from  fright;  13  houses  demolished,  all 
other  houses  within  two  miles  more  or  less 
damaged,  brick  walls  badly  sprung,  win- 
dows and  doors  blown  in  and  shattered,  and 
window  glass  broken  ;  loss  and  damage 
over  $50,000  ;  explosion  heard  at  Poplar 
Plains,  22  miles,  on  a  steamboat  42  miles 
up  the  Ohio  river,  at  Hillsboro,  Ohio,  40 
miles  distant;  at  Orangeburg,  7  miles, 
china  ware  shaken  off  the  table,  and  win- 
dows broken  ;  near  Helena,  12  miles,  ne- 
groes thrown  out  of  bed  ;  3/^  miles  south, 
windows  broken  and  a  boy  thrown  out  of 
bed  ;  the  whole  body  of  water  in  the  Ohio 
river  urged  towards  the  Ohio  shore,  rising 
suddenly  on  that  shore  several  feet;  1,600 


1851. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


73 


lights  of  glass  broken  in  the  Maysville 
cotton  mill;  stones  weighing  102  and  43 
pounds  and  less  thrown  entirely  across  tlie 
Ohio  river,  into  Aberdeen,  over  a  mile 
from  the  magazine;  the  rattling  of  stones 
on  the  roofs  and  through  the  roofs  and 
sides  of  houses  and  of  the  steamboat  Huron, 
described  as  appalling;  eight  churches 
damaged,  froip  $100  to  $1,100  each.  $1,500 
reward  offered  for  the  perpetrators,  without 

Aug.  27 — Sunday,  about  12  M.,  a  tre- 
mendous storm  passes  over  part  of  Louis- 
ville, blowing  down  the  new  4th  Presby- 
terian church,  two  large  brick  warehouses, 
the  gable  end  and  upper  story  of  several 
other  houses,  unroofing  and  seriously  in- 
juring over  50  houses,  and  three  steam- 
boats. In  the  church,  while  Rev.  Robert 
Morrison  was  preaching  in  the  basement — 
(the  Upper  room  not  finished,)  the  door  was 
blown  open,  and  the  house  filled  with  dust, 
rendering  the  room  dark  ;  a  crash  was  then 
heard,  and  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye  the 
work  of  death  and  destruction  was  com- 
plete ;  16  dead  bodies,  fathers  and  mothers 
with  their  children,  were  recovered  from 
the  ruins,  and  23  badly  wounded. 

Sept.  14— Termination  of  the  most  re- 
markable drouth  since  1839.  In  Greenup 
county,  opposite  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  is  a 
water-mark  called  the  "  Indian  Head,"  a 
human  face  rudely  carved  by  the  aborig- 
ines, many  years  ago,  upon  the  eastern 
side  of  a  large  rock  imbedded  in  the  water 
of  the  Ohio  river.  The  "  log  "  kept  in  the 
neighborhood  shows  that  the  mouth  of  the 

1S39— Nov.  10,  10%  inches  out  of  water. 
1846— Oct.  4,  17Ji  inches  under  water. 
1848— Aug.  15,  i'A  inches  under  water. 
1849— Sept.  23,  top  of  head  4%  inches  un- 
der water. 
1850— Sept.  16,  top  of  rock  2}4  inches  out 

of  water. 
1851— Sept.  27,  eyes  to  be  seen— the  lowest 
measure  on  record  from  1839  to 
this  date. 
1854— Sept.  5,  mouth  just  on  water-line— 
therefore  lower  than  since  1839. 
In  Oct.,  1838,  the  river  was  lower  than 
ever  known  by  any  reliable  mark,  before 
or  since  (up  to  1872) — being,  at  Maysville, 
10  inches  lower  than  on  Sept.  10,  1854. 
The  little  steamer  U.  S.  Aid  (the  only  one 
running,  for  a  week  past,)  two  days  in 
making  the  trip  from  Cincinnati  to  Mays- 
ville. For  several  days  before  Sept.  9,  the 
weather  warmer  than  ever  known,  ther- 
mometer 102°  to  104°  in  the  shade;  and 
at  2  P.  M.,  when  exposed  to  the  sun,  rising 
in  a  few  minutes  to  154°.  But  little  rain 
for  several  months,  vegetation  parched  or 
burned  up,  springs  and  wells  nearly  all 
dry,  farmers  driving  stock  3  to  7  miles  to 
water,  and  hauling  water  same  distance 
for  cooking  and  drinking  uses.  Ohio  river 
forded  in  many  places.  In  southern  Ky., 
near  the  Tennessee  line,  the  rain  fall  in 
June  was  3J^  inches,  in  .July  1)4,  in  Aug. 
OK,  and  from  1st  to  20th  Sept.  OH'  inches 
—in  all,  only  534  inches;  in  1853,  during 


same  ■  time,  21  %  inches  fell.  Corn  scarce 
and  selling  at  65  cents  to  $1.  Many  thou- 
sands of  hogs  sent  from  Ky.  to  northern 
Indiana  to  be  fatted. 

Sept.  27— Death  of  Presley  Ewing,  mem- 
ber of  congress  from  3d  district,  by  cholera, 
near  Mammoth  Cave. 

Oct.  16— Col.  John  Allen,  in  a  card,  s.ays 
that  the  filibustering  expedition,  1500 
strong,  which  had  been  organijing  at  Lou- 
isville, has    been   disbanded,  for  want  of 

Oct.  17— Failure  of  the  Newport  Safety 
Fund  Bank  of  Kentucky. 

Oct.  18— Failure  of  the  Kentucky  Trust 
Company  Bank  at  Covington. 

Oct.  19 — Bank  panic  in  the  west,  more 
failures,  and  great  run  on  local  banks, 
banking  houses  and  brokers.  Oct.  24, 
notes  of  the  Indiana  and  other  Free  Banks 
"thrown  out"  by  leading  city  banks,  and 
sold  at  a  discount  to  brokers.  Notes  of 
Ky.  Trust  Co.  Bank  fall  to  60  and  50  cents 
on  the  dollar,  and  Newport  Safety  Fund 
Bank  notes  to  35  and  30  cents.  Commer- 
cial Bank  of  Ky.  notes  have  been  cried 
down,  and  a  "  run ''  organized  by  the 
brokers  ;  but  the  other  Ky.  banks,  resolv- 
ing to  stand  by  each  other,  receive  and 
protect  her  notes,  and  promptly  break  the 
force  of  the  panic  in  that  direction.  Oct. 
27,  the  banking-house  of  G.  H.  Monsarrat 
&  Co.,  Louisville,  suspends  payment,  "in 
consequence  of  the  perfidy  of  a  confiden- 
tial agent."  Nov.  8  and  9,  great  run  on 
private  banks  in  Cincinnati,  all  suspend, 
and  several  make  assignments.  33  banks, 
including  the  two  at  Covington  and  New- 
port, Ky.,  one  each  in  Georgia,  Michigan, 
Delaware,  Boston,  and  Maine,  and  the 
others  in  New  York,  Ohio,  and  Indiana, 
have  failed  within  six  weeks.  The  Ky. 
banks  h.ave  retired  more  than  half  of  the 
circulation  which  they  had  out  four  months 
ago.  One  Louisville  broker  draws  out  of 
the  Ky.  branch  banks  at  Bowling  Green, 
Russellville,  Hopkinsville  and  Princeton 
$140,000  in  specie.  Nov.  20,  bank  failures 
elsewhere  than  in  Ky.  continue  ;  Ky.  bank 
notes  standard  bank  funds  throughout  the 

Oct.  21 — Henry  Fortman  found  guilty  of 
manslaughter,  at  Covington,  in  killing 
Samuel  Ea.ston,  a  lad  12  years  old,  son  of 
Shadford  Fasten,  by  throwing  him  down 
and  stamping  on  his  head,  breast  and  side ; 
sentenced  to  10  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

Oct.  25— Public  dinner  at  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  to  Geo.  D.  Prentice,  editor  Louis- 
ville Journal. 

Oct.  26— Sale  of  cattle  recently  imported 
by  the  Ky.  Importing  Co.,  near  Lexington  ; 
the  two-year  old  bull,  Sirius,  purchased  by 
R.  A.  Alexander,  of  Woodford  county,  at 
$3,600. 

Oct.  28,  29—8  deaths  at   Louisville  by 

Oct.  30— Weymer  obtains  a  verdict,  in 
U.  S.  district  court  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  of 
$3,000  against  Rush  R.  Sloan,  a  Sandusky 
lawyer,  for  aiding  in  the  escape  of  four 
slaves  from  Ky.     Attorneys  for  plaintiff, 


74 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Henry  Stanbery  and  Chas.  D.  Coffin  ;  fur 
defendant,  Hocking  11.  Hunter  and  Samuel 
F.  Vinton. 

Nov.  2— Know  Nothing  convention  for 
the  state  reported  to  he  in  session  at  Louis- 

Nov.  8 — Re-interment  in  state  cemetery 
at  Frankfort  of  the  remains  of  Gov.  Chas. 
Seott,  Hon.  Wm.  T.  B.arry,  and  iMaj.  Bland 
Ballard  and  wife,  after  orations  upon  their 

Dec.  1 — Yates,  who  was  indicted  for  per- 
jury as  one  of  the  jurors  in  the  Matt.  F. 
Ward  ease  at  Elizabethtown,  tried  and 
acquitted ;  the  indictments  against  the 
other  jurors  then  dismissed. 

Dec.  14 — State  temperance  convention 
at  Louisville  nominates  Geo.  W.  Williams 
for  governor  and  James  G.  Hardy  for 
lieutenant    governor,    at  ensuing    August 

1855,  Jan.  1 — Ky.  corpor.ntions  declare 
semi-annual  dividends  as  follows:  Louis- 
ville Gas  en.  5  per  cent,  Le.\ington  Gas  co. 
3,  Bank  of  Ky.,  Northern  Bank  of  Ky., 
and  Farmers'  Bank  of  Ky.  each  5,  South- 
ern Bank  of  Ky.  4J4,  Bank  of  Louisville 
4)4  and  an  extra  dividend  of  2}4  per  cent ; 
Paris  Deposit  Bank  6  per  cent. 

Jan.  6— Know  Nothing  ticket  for  city 
officers  chosen  in  Covington  and  Lexington. 

Jan.  6—4,000  bushels  hemp  seed  im- 
ported at  Mnysville  from  France  and 
Russia,  because  of  almost  total  failure  of 
that  crop  last  season  ;  30,000  bushels  or- 
dered by  the  agent,  who  visited  England 
and  France,  Anthony  Killgore,  but  could 
not  be  found. 

Jan.  8— M.  Butt  Hewson  indicted  by  the 
grand  jury  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  for  hav- 
ing challenged  Geo.  D.  Prentice,  editor 
Louisville  Journal,  to  fight  a  duel. 

Jan.  8— At  several  sales  of  slaves  be- 
longing to  estates  of  persons  recently 
deceased,  in  the  counties  of  Bourbon,  Fay- 
ette, Clark,  and  Franklin,  negro  men  sell 
for  $1,260.  $1,176,  $1,070,  $C378,  $1,295, 
$1,015,  and  $1,605,  to  neighboring  farmers 
■who  need  their  labor. 

Jan.  14— Threatened  famine  in  portions 
of  Scott  county  ;  public  meeting  at  George- 
town "to  devise  means  for  the  relief  of  the 
distress  caused  by  the  great  scarcity  and 
high  price  of  provisions." 

Jan.  27— Death,  in  Breckinridge  county, 
ofWm.  Shernhill,  a  soldier  of  the  revolu- 
tionary war,  103  years  old. 

Feb.  3— The  Ohio  frozen  over  for  11  days. 

Feb.  6— The  largest  horse  in  the  world 
now  exhibiting  at  Louisville — "  Magnus 
Apollo,"  from  Perryville,  Ky.,  20  hands 
high,  and  of  "  extraordinary  grandeur  and 
majesty  of  proportion  and  appearance." 

Feb.  22— Know  Nothing  state  conven- 
tion in  Louisville  ;  Judge  Wm.  V.  Loving 
(whig),  of  Bowling  Green,  was  nominated 
for  governor,  and  James  G.  Hardy  (demo- 
crat), of  Glasgow,  for  lieutenant  governor. 

March  1— Several  farmers  in  Clark  county 
lose  cattle  from  starvation  ;  others,  there 
and  in  the  surrounding  counties,  sell  their 
cattle  at  half  their  cost  two  years  .ago,  or 


at  very  small  prices — from  want  of  corn 
and  provender,  and  the  high  price  of  what 
little  is  for  sale,  the  eifect  of  the  great 
drouth  last  summer. 

March  3— Sale,  by  the  Maysliek  Import- 
ing Co..  of  13  Spanish  jacks,  at  prices 
ranging  from  $392  to  $870,  and  of  2  jen- 
nets at  $326,  $327. 

March  6— Attorney  general  Jas.  Harlan 
institutes  an  action,  in  the  name  of  the 
commonwealth,  against  the  Newport  Safety 
Fund  Bank  of  Ky.,  to  annul  and  vacate  its 
charter  for  alleged  violations  thereof. 

March  24 — Snow  storm  in  northern  Ky. 

April  2 — The  Ky.  horse  Lexington  wins 
the  great  race  against  time,  at  New  Or- 
leans—four miles  in  7:19?i.  carrying  103 
pounds;  1st  mile,  1:471^,  2d  1:52>4,  3d 
1:511^,  4th  1:48%;  Arrow  and  Joe  Black- 
burn ran  with  him,  to  animate  him  in  the 
contest;  purse  $20,000.  April  14,  over  the 
same  course,  Lexington  wins  the  four  mile 
race,  beating  Lecomte  60  yards,  in  1:23%  ; 
Lecomte  was  not  in  good  condition,  and 
his  owners  gave  up  the  race  rather  than 
let  him  run  another  heat. 

April  7— Thos.  D.  Brown,  circuit  court 
clerk,  at  Elizabethtown,  shot  and  killed,  in 
a  personal  difficulty,  by  W.  S.  English,  a 
merchant ;  the  examining  court  "  dis- 
charged Mr.  E.,  as  guilty  of  no  crime." 

April  7— Know  Nothing  ticket  successful 
at  the  city  election  in  Louisville;  John 
Barbee  received  3,070  votes  for  mayor;  no 
opposing  candidate.  Mr.  Speed,  the  pres- 
ent mayor,  declined  to  run,  claiming  that 
his  term  does  not  expire  this  year ;  May  9, 
Judge  Bullock,  in  the  circuit  court,  decided 
that  Mr.  Speed  is  the  legal  mayor,  although 
the  other  departments  of  the'city  govern- 
ment had  recognized  Mr.  Barbee. 

April  8 — Judge  John  L.  Bridges,  in  the 
Marion  circuit  court,  decides  to  be  legal 
the  ta.x  levied  to  pay  the  subscription  of 
Marion  county  to  the  Lebanon  branch  of 
the  Louisville  and  Nashville  railroad. 

May  8 — 52  colored  people  from  Ky.  leave 
Boston  as  emigrants  to  Liberia,  Africa. 

May  8 — Occasional  cases  of  scurvy,  from 
want  of  vegetable  food.  Flour  $10.50  per 
barrel,  and  potatoes  $1.50  to  $2.50  per 
bushel. 

June  2— Death  of  Mrs.  Ann  Jackson,  in 
Montgomery  county,  aged  108  years. 

Frequent  violent  hailstorms,  in  middle 
and  northern  Kentuckv. 

June  6— .Maj.  E.  B.  Bartlett,  of  Coving- 
ton, (democrat)  elected  president  of  the 
national  council  of  the  American  (Know 
Nothing)  party,  in  session  at  Philadelphia  : 
Bartlett  90,  J.  W.  Biirker  of  N.  Y.  56. 
Aug.  16,  Maj.  Bartlett  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Ky.  state  council  of  the  Amer- 
ican party,  for  the  ensuing  year. 

June  10— Chas.  S.  Morehead,  of  Frank- 
fort, nominated  as  the  American  candidate 
for  governor,  in  place  of  Judge  Wm.  V. 
Loving,  declined  on  account  of  ill  health. 

Dr.  David  R.  Haggard,  president  of  the 
state  board  of  internal  improvements,  in  a 
report  of  the  committee  of  the  last  legisla- 
ture, receives  high  encomium  for  his  inde- 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


7b 


the  state  the  annual  average  of  $6,880 
from  the  former  and  $4,031  from  the  hit- 
ter ;  and  realizing  a  revenue  from  the 
former  of  $17,946  in  two  years,  and  in  two 
years  and  a  half  from  the  latter  $17,440, 
where  none  was  expected  at  all. 

June  16— Several  deaths  by  cholera  in 
Fayette  co. ;  26th,  4  deaths  at  .Mayslick, 
Mason  oo. ;  July  23d,  10  deaths  at  Center- 
Tille,  Bourbon  eo. ;  Aug.  1,  -10  deaths, 
within  a  week,  at  the  Lexington  lunatic 
asylum,  and  a  number  among  the  Irish 
laborers  and  negroes  in  Lexington  ;  Aug. 
12,  i  deaths  in  Paris. 

Aug. — "Wheat  crop  unusually  heavy  and 
fine  ;  in  Mason  co.  some  farmers  have  real- 
ized 35,  some  42,  and  one  as  high  as  53 
bushels  to  the  acre. 

Aug.  5— Death  at  the  Gait  House,  in 
Louisville,  of  Richard  P.  Robinson,  the 
supposed  murderer  of  Helen  Jewett;  for 
several  years  past  he  was  known  as  Richard 
Parmelly. 

Aug.  6— Election  for  state  officers  and 
members  of  congress.  Vote  for  governor, 
Chas.  S.  Morehead  (American  or  Know 
Nothing)  69,816,  Beverly  L.  Clarke  (demo- 
crat) 65,413— maj.  4.403;  for  lieutenant 
governor,  Jas.  G.  Hardy  (Am.)  68,104, 
Beriah  Magoffin  (dem.)  64,430— maj.  3,674; 
for  attorney  general,  Jas.  Harlan  (Am.) 
67,639,  Robert  W.  Woolley  (dem.)  63,601 
— maj.  4,038  ;  for  auditor,  Thos.  S.  Page 
(Am.)  68,171,  Jas.  A.  Grinstead  (dem.) 
62,478 — maj.  5,693  ;  for  treasurer,  Richard 
C.  Wintersmith  (Am.)  67,494,  Jas.  H.  Gar- 
rard (dem.)  63,136— maj.  4,368;  for  reg- 
ister of  the  land  office,  Andrew  McKinley 
(Am.)  66,976,  Thos.  J.  Frazer  (dem.) 
63,132— m.aj.  3,844  ;  for  superintendent  of 
public  instruction.  Rev.  John  D.  Matthews, 
D.D.,  (Am.)  67,049,  Grant  Green  (dem.) 
62,787— miij.  4,262;  for  president  of  the 
board  of  internal  improvement.  Dr.  David 
B.  Haggard  (Am.)  67,289,  Jas.  M.  Nesbitt 
(dem,)  62,780— maj.  4,509.  To  congress, 
6  Americans  and  4  democrats  elected ;  to 
the  state  senate,  13  Americans  and  7  dem- 


,  who 


ided 


about  12  to  6  ;  to  the  house  of  representa- 
tives, Americans  61,  democrats  39 — maj, 
22.  In  favor  of  the  three-cents  additional 
school  tax  82,765,  against  it  25,239— maj. 
57,526. 

Aug.  6— Terrible  riot  in  Louisville,  on 
election  day;  then  designated,  and  still 
most  painfully  remembered,  as  "  Bloody 
Monday."  Fighting  and  disturbances  be- 
tween individuals  or  squads,  in  various 
parts  of  the  city.  The  most  fearful  and 
deplorable  scenes  of  violence,  bloodshed, 
and  houseburning,  principally  in  the  first 
and  eighth  wards.  Between  7  and  1 
o'clock  at  night,  12  houses  were  set  fire  to 
and  burned,  on  the  north  side  of  Main, 
east  of  Eleventh,  two  adjoining  on  Elev- 
enth, and  two  on  south  side  Main  opposite. 
Patrick  Quinn,  the  owner  of  most  of  them, 
was  shot,  and  his  body  partially  consumed 


in  the  flames.  Numerous  shots  were  fired 
by  foreigners  from  windows  in  some  of 
those  buildings,  which  killed  or  wounded 
Americans  in  the  streets  ;  this  fact,  with 
the  exaggerated  report  that  arms  and  pow- 
der were  concealed  there,  excited  to  phrenzy 
a  mob  of  Americans  (Know  Nothings)  al- 
ready crazed  with  similar  excitement, 
shooting  and  bloodshed  on  both  sides,  at 
other  points ;  several  persons  who  were 
concealed  in  the  buildings,  or  fled  to  them 
for  refuge  from  the  mob,  were  burned  to 
death  ;  several  were  shot  as  they  attempted 
to  escape  from  the  flames ;  Ambruster's 
large  brick  brewery  and  his  dwelling,  at 
the  head  of  JcS'erson,  were  burned;  also, 
two  Irish  cooper-shops  on  Main  above 
Woodland  garden  ;  frame  grocery,  corner 
Madison  and  Shelby  ;  many  houses  were 
riddled  or  gutted.  The  mob  which  ranged 
through  the  streets  and  set  fire  to  the 
houses  was  composed  of  Americans,  part 
of  them  with  a  cannon  at  their  head  ;  the 
foreigners  fought  from  their  houses,  and 
lost  life  and  property  together.  About  22 
were  killed  or  died  of  wounds,  about  three- 
fourths  of  them  foreigners,  one-fourth 
Americans ;  many  more  were  wounded  but 
recovered.  Mayor  Barbee,  Marshal  Kidd, 
and  a  portion  of  the  police,  and  the  per- 
sonal eff-orts  of  Hon.  Wm.  P.  Thomasson, 
Capt.  L.  H,  Rousseau,  Geo.  D.  Prentice, 
Col.  Wm.  Preston  (the  anti-Know-Nothing 
candidate  for  congress),  Joseph  Burton, 
and  others,  at  difl'erent  times  and  places, 
stopped  the  efi'usion  of  blood,  and  saved 
the  new  Shelby  street  Catholic  church  and 
other  valuabia  property  from  the  rapacit/ 
and  violence  of  the  mob.  Bad  blood  on 
both  sides,  aggravated  and  intensified  for 
several  days  previous  by  distorted  repre- 
sentations of  preparations  for  serious  work, 
culminateil  in  a  most  terrible  and  disgrace- 
ful riot.  For  several  days  after,  fears  of  a 
renewal  of  the  desperate  conflict  and  work 
of  destruction  hung  like  a  funeral  pall  over 
the  city.  A  card  from  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop 
Martin  J.  Spalding,  and  the  steady  efi'orts 
of  many  good  citizens,  gradually  restored 
a  feeling  of  quiet  and  security. 

Aug.  18— Death  of  cx-Gov.  Thos.  Met- 
calfe, in  Nicholas  CO.,  by  cholera.  Several 
other  prominent  citizens  in  different  parts 
of  the  state,  have  died  recently,  of  cholera. 

Sept.— R.  A.  Alexander,  of  Woodford 
CO.,  uiftkes  another  importation  of  48  flne 
English  cattle — Durhams,  Alderneys,  and 
Ayrshires— and  22  sheep. 

Sept.— During  this  and  next  month, 
agricultural  fairs  are  held  at  Crab  Orchard, 
Lexington,  Danville,  Louisville,  Emi- 
nence, Paris,  Russellville,  Owensboro, 
Bowling  Green,  Glasgow,  near  German- 
town,  Mason  co.,  and  near  Florence,  Boone 
county. 

Sept.  1 — Apples  grown  in  Boone  and 
Kenton  counties  :  Mammoth  pippins  weigh- 
ing 19  and  22  ounces,  queens  weighing 
1%  pounds,  16 Ji  inches  in  circumference, 
and  2%  pounds,  18  inches  around,  and 
Holland  pippins  weighing  1^  pounds  and 
measuring  14)^  inches. 


76 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Oct.  25— Geo.  W.  Wells,  of  Mason 
has  20  acres    of  corn  which  will  average 
180  bushels  to  the  acre. 

Dec.  9— Destruction  by  fire  of  the  Ky. 
Military  Institute  buildings,  6  miles  from 
Frankfort. 

1856,  Jan.  1— Northern  Bank  of  Ky. 
semi-annual  dividend  5  per  cent,  and  an 
extra  dividend  of  3  per  cent  out  of  the  sur- 
plus fund;  Bank  of  Louisville  43^,  and 
234  extra  ;  Bank  of  Ky.  6  per  cent.  " 

Jan.  10 — At  6  a,  il.,  tberractincter  2t 
below  zero  ;  Jan.  11,  7  a.  m.,  15°  below. 

Feb.  6— Thermometer  15°  below  zero. 

Feb.  15— People's  Bank  of  Ky.  at  Bow 
ing  Green  chartered,  with  $250,iK)0  capita 

Bank  of  Ashland,  capital  $400,000, 

with  branch  at  Shelbyville,  capital  $200, 

000,  chartered 23 — Pay  of   members 

of  the  legislature,  after  the  terniinatioi 
this  session,  raised  to  $4  per  day,  and  15 
cents  per  mile  in  going  to  and  from  Frank- 
fort  27— Remains  of  Gov.  Jas.  Clark 

directed  to  be  removed  from  Clark  co.  to 
the  state  cemetery  at  Frankfort,  and  a 
monument  erected. 

Feb.  22 — In  the  national  convention  of 
the  American  party  at  Philadelphia,  Mil- 
lard Fillmore,  of  New  York,  is  nominated 
for  president,  and  Andrew  Jackson  Donel- 
son,  of  Tennessee,  for  vice  president.  For 
president  the  vote  stood:  Fillmore  179, 
Geo.  Law  24,  Kenneth  Rayner  14,  Judge 
John  McLean  13,  Garret  Davis  10,  Gen. 
Sam.  Houston  3. 

Feb.  25— Breaking  up  of  the  ice-bridge 
in  the  Ohio  river,  which  has  been  closed 
for  53  days. 

March  3— $20,000  appropriated  to  finish 
ouildings  for  the  Ky.  Institution  for  the 
education  of  the  blind $5,000  appro- 
priated, annually,  to  the  Ky.  state  coloni- 
zation society,  to  be  applied  to  removing 
to  Liberia  in  Africa  Ky.  negroes  now  free, 
or  who  may  be  born  of  such  and  be  free. 
7— $20,000  appropriated  to  extend- 
ing and  prosecuting  geological  survey  of 

the  state,  during  next  two  years 10 — 

Remains  of  Gen.  Geo.  Rogers  Clark  to  be 
removed  and  re-interred  in  the  military 
mound  in  the  state  cemetery,  and  a  marble 

monument  erected Cities  made  liable 

for  damages  for  destruction  of  property  by 

mobs Commissioners  of  the  sinking 

fund  authorized  to  loan  any  surplus  moneys 
on  hand Ky.  state  ngriculturnl  so- 
ciety incorporated,  and  $5,000,  annually, 
appropriated  towards  holding  state  fair,  in 
rotation,  in  each  of  the  three  districts  into 

which  the  law   divides    the  state 

Transylvania  university  re-org.anized  and 

established  as  a  school  for  te.achers 

Time  of  stated  biennial  meeting  of  the 
legislature  changed  so  as  to  commence  on 

1st    Monday    of   Dec Resolutions    in 

relation  to  the  alleged  claim  of  the  U.  S. 


to  Wolf  isli 


in    the 


ippi 


opposite  to  and  a  part  of  Hickman  county 
Virginia   owned   and  claimed   the  island, 
and  treasury  warrants  were  located  on  it 
Feb.  25,  17S2. 
March  10— Gov.  Morehead  vetoes  the  acl 


incorporating  the  Savings  Institution  of 
Harrodsburg,  and  the  senate  by  yeas  10, 
nays  18,  refused  to  pass  the  bill  over  the 
veto.  Other  bank  projects,  incorporating 
the  bank  of  Stanford,  Eastern  bank  of  Ky., 
Farmers'  and  Miners'  bank  of  Ky.,  Milton 
bank  of  Ky.,  Planters'  bank  of  Ky.,  and 
Savings  bank  of  Ky.,  failed  to  become 
laws.  [The  governor,  in  his  annual  mes- 
sage, Jan.  1,  and  again  in  a  special  mes- 
sage, Feb.  15,  had  urgently  protested 
against  an  increase  of  banking  privileges 
and  the  consequent  expansion  of  the  cur- 

M.arch  10— Death  at  Louisville  of  "  Old 
Ben  Duke,"  a  negro,  110  years  8  months 
and  3  days  old  ;  he  saw  the  first  tree  felled 
in  Beargrass  valley. 

April  1-7— In  7  days,  the  Scott  street 
ferry-boats  crossed  the  Ohio  river  1,480 
times,  carrying  29,311  passengers  over  12 
years,  369  horses,  382  cattle,  1,566  drays, 
627  buggies  and  450  other  l-horse  vehicles, 
74  2-horse  carriages,  230  omnibuses,  .341 
other  2-horse  vehicles,  32  3-horse  and  178 
4-horse  vehicles.  This  information  was 
obtained  as  data  for  the  probable  business 
of  the  proposed  bridge  from  Covington  to 
Cincinnati. 

April  12— At  WiUiamstown,  Grant  CO., 
17  frame  building?  (1  tavern,  4  stores,  12 
dwcllin!;s)  burnt,  with  a  large  portion  of 
their  contents  ;  loss  $70,000.  On  the  same 
day,  20  dwellings  and  other  buildings, 
school  house,  and  Methodist  church,  burnt, 
at  Bardstown. 

April  20 — Louisville  Bridge  Co.  organ- 
ized :  Thos.  W.  Gibson  president,  L.  A. 
Wbiteley  secretary. 

April  23— Maysville  and  Lexington  rail- 
road sold,  at  Lexington,  under  a  decree  of 
the  Fayette  circuit  court :  purchased  by 
the  first  mortgage  bondholders  for  $105,- 
000:  p.assenger  cars  $900  to  $1,200  each, 
freight  cars  $40  to  $60  each,  iron  rails  $26 
per  ton. 

May — Large  fire  in  Hopkinsville,  in  the 
central  business  portion  ;  loss  $45,000. 

The  Ky.  colonization  society  sends  to 
Liberia  in  Africa  67  emigrants,  most  of 
them  set  free  for  the  purpose. 

June  .3— James  Buchanan,  of  Penn.,  and 
John  C.  Breckinrid-c,  of  Ky.,  nominated 
for  president  and  vice  president  by  the 
Democratic  national  convention,  at  Cin- 
cinnati. On  the  1st  ballot,  the  vote  for 
president  stood:  Buchanan  135,  Franklin 
Pierce  122M,  Stephen  A.  Douglas  33, 
Lewis  Cass  5;  on  the  16th  ballot:  Buch- 
anan 168,  Douglas  122,  C.-iss  6;  the  Ky. 
delegation  gave  from  314  to  5>^  votes  for 
Buchanan,  the  balance  nearly  equally 
divided  between  Pierce  and  Douglas  ;  on 
the  ]6lh  ballot,  the  entire  vote,  11,  for 
Douglas. 

Aug.  4 — Election  for  judges  and  other 
court  officers.  Alvin  Duvall  elected  judge 
of  the  court  of  appeals:  Duvall  16,595, 
Thos.  A.  Marshall  15,130- maj.  1,465. 

Sept.  7 — State  normal  school  at  Lexing- 
ton opened. 

Oct.— Falls  pilots,  at  Louisville,  at  their 


1857. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


77 


own  expense,  during  the  low  water,  en- 
gaged in  deepening  and  widening  a  chan- 
nel over  the  falls. 

Oct.  12— Cornwall  &  Bro.,  Louisville, 
make  beautiful  candles,  of  high  illuminat- 
ing quality,  from  paraffine  extracted  from 
Breckinridge  cannel  coal,  near  Clover- 
port. 

Oct.  13 — Rain  falls ;  end  of  a  severe 
drouth. 

Nov.  4 — Vote  of  Kj.  for  president  and 
vice  president ;  Jas.  Buchanan  and  John 
C.  Breckinridge  (democrat)  69,609,  Millard 
Fillmore  and  Andrew  .J.  Donelson  (Ameri- 
can) 6.3,391,  John  C.  Fremont  and  Wm.  L. 
D.ayton  (republican)  314.  Buchanan  over 
Fillmore  6,118. 

Nov.  9 — Earthquake  at  Hickman  and 
neighboring  towns,  at  night ;  lusts  between 
10  seconds  and  a  minute  ;  accompanied  by 
a  heavy  wind,  and  arouses  the  inhabitants 
from  their  slumbers  ;  the  4th  shock  within 
six  weeks. 

Nov.  18— Rev.  Lewis  W.  Green,  D.D., 
inaugurated  president  of  the  state  normal 
school  and  Transylvania  university,  at 
Lexington. 

Nov.  22— Celebrated  English  st-allion, 
Scythian,  imported  by  K.  A.  Alexander, 
Woodford  eo. ;  price  1,500  guineas  ;  he  had 
won  in  England  7  prizes,  amounting  to 
£7,1.34. 

Dec.  24— Ohio  river  gorged  with  ice  at 
Maysville,  and  also  between  Cincinnati 
and  Louisville.  Between  Maysville  and 
Cincinnati,  steamboats  continue  running 
until  Jan.  7,  when  the  river  freezes  over 
and  remains  closed  until  Feb.  6. 

Dec.  31— Snow  falls,  4  inches  deep  ;  sev- 
eral light  falls  of  snow,  up  to  Jan.  19. 

Dec.  31— Medical  department  of  the  uni- 
versity of  Louisville  destroyed  by  fire; 
loss  $100,000. 

1857,  Jan.  1 — Kentucky  bank  semi-an- 
nual dividends  :  Bank  of  Ky.  5  percent 
and  an  extra  dividend  of  1  per  cent ;  North- 
ern Bank  5  and  an  extra  dividend  of  3 ; 
Farmers',  Southern,  and  Bank  of  Louis- 
ville each  5  ;  Franklin  Savyigs  Institution 
of  Louisville  4K ;  Deposit  Bank  of  Paris 
6;  Louisville  Gas  Co.  5  per  cent.  The 
Southern  Bank  has  a  surplus  fund  of  $371,- 
109,  and  the  Farmers'  Bank  of  $366,465. 

Jan.  19— Thermometer  at  Louisville  10° 
below  zero,  at  Frankfort  27°,  at  Paris  25°, 
at  Miilersburg  24°,  at  Carlisle  18°,  at 
M.aysville  17°. 

Jan.  23— Thermometer  at  Maysville  23° 
below  zero,  at  Ripley,  Ohio,  26°.  Cum- 
berland river  frozen  over,  the  first  time  for 
21  ye.ars  ;  people  crossing  on  the  ice.  Ohio 
river /rozeu  over  at  New  Albany — first  time 
in  40  years ;  teams  crossing  on  the  ice  at 
Louisville. 

Feb.  9— Burning  of  the  block  of  4  ware- 
houses and  two  other  buildings  on  Main 
street,  near  the  Gait  House,  in  Louisville; 
loss  $250,000. 

Feb.  20 — Tornado  in  Bracken  co.,  pass- 
ing, from  5  miles  southwest,  through 
Augusta,  where  it  crossed  the  Ohio  river; 
several  buildings  and  barns  blown  down. 


larger  houses  moved  a  few  feet,  and  much 
other  damage  done. 

March  29 — Complimentary  public  dinner, 
at  the  Gait  House,  by  citizens  of  Louis- 
ville, without  distinction  of  party,  to  ex- 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  James  Guthrie. 

April  4— Thos.  W.  Lewis  sells  to  M.  W. 
M.ays,  of  Maury  co.,  Tcnn.,  the  Spanish 
jack  Moro  Castle,  8  years  old,  15  h.ands 
high,  imported  by  the  Mason  County  Im- 
porting Co.,  for  the  extraordinary  price  of 
$6,000  ;  the  jack  took  the  premium  at  the 
state  fair  at  Paris,  last  fall. 

April  6— Snow,  in  northern  Ky.,  one 
inch  deep.     Thermometer,  next  night,  22° 

May  1 2— Edward  Everett,  of  Mass.,  de- 
livers his  great  oration  on  the  life  and 
character  of  Washington,  at  Louisville ; 
also,  May  14,  at  Lexington,  and,  May  15, 
at  Maysville. 

May  14 — Four  slaves,  charged  with  mur- 
dering the  Joyce  family,  near  the  mouth 
of  Salt  river,  some  time  since,  tried  at 
Louisville,  and  acquitted.  A  mob,  headed 
by  a  son  of  the  Joyce  family,  attempted  to 
force  an  entrance  into  the  jail,  but  was 
kept  off  by  the  police  and  a  force  of  12 
armed  men  stationed  inside  by  Mayor 
Pilcher.  After  tea,  the  mob  again  assaults 
the  jail,  but  the  force  inside,  by  firing  into 
the  air  to  intimidate,  holds  the  crowd  back 
a  little  while.  They  retire,  and  soon  re- 
turn with  a  cannon  loaded  to  the  muzzle, 
and  pointing  it  at  the  jail  door,  compel  the 
jailors  to  capitulate.  One  negro  cut  his 
throat,  but  the  other  three  were  taken  out 
and  hung  to  trees.  The  mayor  was  struck 
in  the  face  with  a  brick,  and  it  was  feared 
the  mob  would  vent  their  violence  on 
Messrs.  Rousseau,  Wolfe  and  Mix,  the  at- 
torneys who  defended  the  negroes.  May 
27,  2  of  the  rioters  indicted  by  the  grand 
jury,  arrested  and  committed  to  jail. 

May  21- — General  Assembly  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  the  United  States  (old 
school)  in  session  at  Lexington,  for  ten 
days  ;  225  commissioners  or  delegates  pres- 


June  10 — Duel  on  the  tapis  for  several 
days  between  Col.  Samuel  I.  M.  Major, 
Jr.,  editor  of  the  Frankfort  Yeoman,  and 
Thos.  M.  Green,  editor  of  the  Frankfort 
Commonwealth.  By  the  mediation  of 
friends,  the  duel  is  prevented,  after  the 
parties  had  reached  Louisville  on  their  way 
to  the  dueling  ground  in  Indiana. 

June  15— Zachariah  Wheat  elected  judge 
of  the  court  of  appeals  from  the  3d  appel- 
late district,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  Judge  Ben.  Mills  Crenshaw: 
Wheat  9,477,  Joshua  F.  Bullitt  9,440— 
m.-ij.  37. 

July  4 — Laying  of  the  corner-stone  of 
the  Henry  Clay  monument  in  the  cemetery 
at  Lexington,  with  Masonic  ceremonies — 
Dr.  Theodore  N.  Wise,  grand  master  of 
Ky.,  ofiiciating.  In  the  procession  were 
companies  of  citizen  soldiery  :  Falls  City 
Guards  from  Louisville,  Madison  Guards 
from  Richmond,  Danville  Artillery  from 
Danville,  National  Guards  from  St.  Louis, 


78 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Mo.,  Baltimore  City  Guards  from  Balti- 
more, M'i.,  Cleveland  Light  Artillery  from 
Cleveland,  0.,  Columbus  Fencibles  from 
Columbus,  0.,  Fulton  Guards  of  Liberty 
(dressed  in  "Continental"  uniform)  and 
Guthrie  Greys  from  Cincinnati,  0.,  Indian- 
apolis Guards  from  Indianapolis,  Indiana, 
and,  more  observed  than  any,  the  Amos- 
keag  Veterans  from  New  Hampshire ; 
Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  fire  companies,  and 
citizens  on  foot,  in  carriages  and  on  horse- 
back. Among  the  distinguished  guests 
were  the  Vice  President  of  the  U.  S.,  Heads 
of  Departments  of  the  U.  S.  and  of  Ky., 
Governor  and  Lieut.  Governor  of  Ky., 
members  of  Congress  and  of  the  Ky.  Leg- 
islature, officers  and  soldiers  of  the  War  of 
1812,  and  many  invited  strangers.  Orator 
of  the  day,  Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge, 
D.D.,  LL.D.  40,000  people  present,  and  a 
sumptuous  dinner  served  up  on  600  yards 
of  tables.  Military  review  by  Gov.  More- 
head,  after  dinner. 

July  20— Editorial  street  rencounter  in 
Louisville  between  Geo.  D.  Prentice,  of  the 
Journal,  and  Reuben  T.  Durrett,  of  the 
Courier ;  the  former  fired  four  times  and 
the  latter  three  times,  with  pistols  ;  neither 
hurt,  but  one  shot  from  Mr.  Prentice 
■wounded  G.  D.  Hinkle  ;  the  difficulty  grew 
out  of  an  editorial  in  the  Courier,  of  a  very 
personal  character,-  sharp  correspondence 
preceded  and  followed  the  shooting. 

Aug.  3 — James  H.  G.arrard  (democrat) 
elected  state  (^ea»jrer :  Garrard  65,590, 
Thos.  L.  Jones  (American)  63,476— maj. 
12,114  ;  8  democrats  and  2  Americans  (or 
Know  Nothings)  elected  to  congress,  61 
democrats  and  39  Americans  to  the  house 
of  representatives,  and  13  democrats  and  7 
Americans  to  the  senate  ;  the  new  senate 
will  stand  20  Americans  to  18  democrats. 

Aug.  5— Married,  in  Lexington,  by  Rev. 
Samuel  B.  Cheek,  vice  principal  of  the 
deaf  and  dumb  asylum  at  Danville,  John 
Blount,  of  Ala.,  to  Miss  Lueretia  Ann 
Hoagland,  daughter  of  Wm.  Hoagland. 
The  bride  and  groom,  their  attendants, 
and  the  bride's  parents  all  de.af  mutes  ;  15 
other,  all  educated,  mutes  present;  wed- 
ding ceremony  in  the  sign  language  ;  a 
remarkably  happy  occasion,  but  very  quiet. 

Aug.  15 — Census  of  Paducah,  just  taken, 
5,058. 

Aug.  16— Judge  Wm.  F.  Bullock,  of  the 
Shelby  circuit  court,  decides  unconstitu- 
tional the  act  of  the  last  legislature  repeal- 
ing lotteries,  so  far  as  the  Shelby  college 
lottery  grant  is  concerned. 

Aug.  24— Failure  of  the  Ohio  Life  Insur- 
ance and  Trust  Co.  bank  .at  Cincinnati, 
and  its  br.anch  office  in  New  York  ;  begin- 
ning of  a  great  financial  crash,  all  over  the 
world. 

Aug.  31— Annual  exhibition  of  the  U.  S. 
Agricultural  Society  begins  at  Louisville — 
the  first  ever  held  west  of  the  mountains. 
Among  the  distinguished  visitors  is  Lord 
Napier,  the  British  minister  at  Washing- 
ton.    Magnificent  display  of  stock. 

Hog  cholera  prevalent  and  fatal. 

Oct.  1 — Suspension  of  several  banking 


houses  in  Loiiisville.  Extensive  bank 
failures  in  other  states.  Kentucky  banks 
refuse  to  lend  their  notes  to  parties  who 
pay  them  out  in  Cincinnati,  because  the 
brokers  there  assort  and  send  them  home 
immediately  for  redemption  in  specie. 

Prioress,  a  Ky.  mare,  taken  to  England 
by  R.  Ten  Broeek,  wins  the  cup  at  the  Ce- 
sarewith  races. 

Oct.  1— Ky.  banks  feel  entire  confidence 
in  going  through  the  financial  storm,  and 
at  the  same  time  do  more  for  their  custom- 
ers than  they  could  do  with  a  suspension 
of  specie  payments. 

Oct.  8— Three  distinct  shocks  of  earth- 
quake, about  4  o'clock,  a.  m.,  in  western 
Ky.;  heavy  rumbling,  making  substantial 
buildings  tremble,  and  overturning  small 
articles  in  dwellings. 

Oct.  9,  10,  12— Tremendous  run  on  banka 
in  New  York  and  Brooklyn  ;  numerous  sus- 
pensions of  banks,  private  bankers,  mer- 
chants, manufacturers,  there,  and  several 
railroad  companies,  in  Boston,  and  in  other 
places.  Harper  ife  Brothers'  great  publish- 
ing house,  although  with  .$1,000,000  surplus 
in  property  value,  forced  m  suspend.  Panio 
increased  by  the  "  sorting"  houses,  in  Cin- 
cinnati and  elsewhere  in  the  west,  who  ex- 
change the  notes  of  different  banks  so  aa 
to  concentrate  all  of  a  kind,  and  then  run 
on  the  banks  for  specie.  15th — Bank  sus- 
pensions of  specie  payments,  in  all  parts 
of  the  country  ;  many  banks  refuse  to  sus- 
pend. 23d — Money  market  more  strin- 
gent; many  mercantile  failures;  other 
railroad  companies  embiirrassed ;  IJ^  to  3 
and  5  per  cent.,  and  occasionally  7  per  cent, 
per  month  paid  for  temporary  loans,  to 
avoid  suspension.  The  Ky.  banks  refuse  to 
suspend  specie  payments. 

Doc.  7 — Legislature  meets.  Gov.  More- 
head's  message  states  the  state  debt  at 
$3,592,412,  exclusive  of  a  $600,000  bond 
for  stock  in  the  Southern  Bank  of  Ky. 
(which  the  bank  is  bound  to  pay),  and  of 
the  school  debt  .$1,381,832,  which  is  a  per- 
petual debt  to  herself,  the  interest  only  to 
be  paid.  The  sjate  owns  stock  as  follows: 
Ky.  banks,  (worth  above  par).. ..$2,020, 500 

Turnpike  roads 2,694,239 

Locks  and  dams  on  Ky.  river...  901,932 
Locks  and  dams  on  Green  river.  869,126 
Lexington  and  Frankfort  R.  R. 

stock 181,500 

Louisville  and  Frankfort  R.  R., 

annuity  on 74,619 

The  receipts  into  the  state  treasury  for 
fiscal  year  ending  Oct.  10,  1856,  were 
$822,510,  and  for  1857  $988,444— the  in- 
crease due  to  the  recent  three-cent  school 
tax.  The  receipts  of  the  school  fund  for 
1856  were  $133,977,  and  for  1857  $296,760 
— the  latter  from  the  increased  taxation. 

Dec.  12— New  York,  Albany  and  New 
Haven,  and,  Dec.  14,  Boston  banks  resume 
specie  payments. 

Dec.  16— Editori.al  convention  at  Frank- 
fort drafts  a  bill  in  regard  to  legal  adver- 
tising, and  requests  the  legislatune  to  pass 
it.  [Feb.  6,  1858,  the  bill  is  laid  on  the 
table,  in  the  house,  by  a  large  majority.] 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


79 


Dec.  21— At  a  sale,  in  settling  tlie  estate 
f  a  decedent  in  Nicholas  county,  12  slaves 
old  for  $3,300  more  than  their  appraised 
alue  ;  10  of  them  were  between  5  and  17 


yea 


old. 


xtie  corn  crop  of  1857  the  largest  ever 
grown  in  Ky.  The  corn  was  very  wet  and 
immature  at  the  time  of  an  unusually  hard 
freeze  in  November,  which  was  followed 
by  warm  wet  weather,  causing  fermentation, 
and  greatly  injuring  if  not  destroying  the 
germinating  principle  of  the  corn.  To 
save  as  much  as  possible,  it  was  fed  to 
stock,  or  distilled.  Sound  dry  corn,  for 
seeding,  was  imported  from  Tennessee,  and 
from  Henderson,  Boone,  and  several  other 
counties  in  Ky.  which  escaped  the  freezing. 

1858,  Jan.  5— Lazarus  Vf.  Powell  elected 
U.  S.  senator  for  six  years  from  March  4, 
1859  :  Powell  80,  Garret  Davis  54,  John  B. 


Tho 


Ky.  banks  each  declare  semi-annual  div- 
idends of  5  per  cent. 

Jan.  26— Circulation  of  bank  notes  un- 
der $5,  other  than  those  issued  by  Ky. 
banks,  prohibited  by  the  legislature. 

Jan.  28— Explosion  and  burning  of  the 
steamer  Fanny  Fern,  16  miles  below  Cov- 
ington ;  13  killed  or  drowned. 

Feb.  4 — Explosion  and  burning  of  the 
steamer  Col.  Crossman,  opposite  New  Mad- 
rid, Mo.;  over  25  lives  lost ;  a  number  badly 
frozen. 

Feb.  1 — Legislature  fixes  term  of  serv- 
ice of  keeper  of  penitentiary  at  4  years, 
and  $12,000  as  the  sum  he  is  to  pay  the 

state  annually 9— George  W.  Kouns 

authorized  to  sue  the  state,  to  settle  a 
question  of  damages — the  first  act  ever 
passed  under  the  constitutional  provision 
directing  '*  in  what  manner,  and  in  what 
courts  suits  may  be  brought  against  the 
commonwealth." Tax  assessors  re- 
quired hereafter  to  report  the  pounds  of 
tobacco  and  hemp,  the  bushels  of  corn, 
wheat  and  barley,  the  tons  of  hay  and  of 
pig  metal,  blooms  and  bar  iron,  raised  or 
manufactured  during  each  preceding  year 
$5,000  annually,  for  two  years,  ap- 
propriated to  the  Ky.  state  agricultural 
society 13— Aet  establishing  the  Nor- 
ma! school,  or  school  for  teachers,  as  part 
of  Transylvania  University  at  Lexington, 
repealed  by  a  vote  of  23  to  12  in  the  Sen- 
ate, and  68  to  23  in  the  house 13— 

Capital  stock  of  Commercial  Bank  in- 
creased $600,000,  with  authority  to  estab- 
lish   two    additional    branches 15 — 

Charters  of  Bank  of  Louisville,  Bank  of 
Ky.  and  Northern  Bank  extended  for  20 
years,  and  each  required  to  esta.blish  an 
additional  branch,  with  $150,000  capital, 
at  Burksville,  Columbus,  and  Glasgow,  re- 
spectively  The  Western  lunatic  asy- 
lum to  receive  325  patients,  from  the  1st, 
2d,  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  congressional 
districts,  and  the  Eastern  to  receive  225, 
from  the  remainder  of  the  state ;  when 
either  full,  patients  to  be  sent  to  the  other 

16 — Stringent  law  to  prevent  the  loss 

of  the  public  books  in  each   county 

17 — $3,500  appropriated  to  construct  a.firo- 


proof  room  for  the  land  office  records 

$25,000  appropriated  to  continue  the  geo- 
logical survey,    and    to  print  the    reports 

Capital  stock  of  Southern  Bank  may 

be  filled  up  to  $2,000,000  more,  and  a  branch 
est.nblished  at  Lebanon. 

Feb.  15 — Legislature  empowers  the  gov- 
ernor to  raise  a  regiment  of  volunteer 
troops,  to  be  tendered  to  the  U.  S.  govern- 
ment, to  aid  in  suppressing  the  rebellion  in 
Utah. 

Feb.  21— At  Washington  City,  James 'B. 
Cl.ay,  of  Ky.,  challenges  Gen.  Wm.  Cul- 
lom,  of  Tenn.,  (the  former  a  member  and 
the  latter  recently  a  member  of  congress) 
to  fight  a  duel — because  Cullom  struck  Clay 
with  his  open  hand,  for  a  playful  remark 
of  Clay  which  Cullom  deemed  insulting 
notwithstanding  Clay's  disavowal  of  such 
intention.  Feb.  24,  after  the  parties  had 
gone  to  the  duelling  ground,  Messrs.  John 
J.  Crittenden  and  John  C.  Mason,  of  Ky., 
and  Robert  Toombs,  of  Ga.,  succeeded  in 
effecting  a  settlement  of  the  difliculty, 
without  bloodshed;  Gen.  Cullom  apologiz- 
ing. 

March  6— Gov.  Morehead  issues  a  proc- 
lamation, under  the  resolution  of  the  last 
legislature,  inviting  companies — of  100 
privates,  1  captain,  3  lieuten.ants,  and  8 
non-commissioned  officers — desiring  to  vol- 
unteer for  the  expedition  to  Utah,  to  or- 
ganize and  report  to  him  until  April  1st. 

March  14 — Collision,  opposite  Raleigh, 
Ky.,  about  5  miles  above  Shawneetown, 
111.,  between  steamboats  Great  Western 
and  Princess  ;  latter  sunk,  and  6  lives  lost. 

March  17— Great  speech  of  John  J. 
Crittenden,  in  the  U.  S.  Senate,  in  opposi- 
tion to  the  admission  of  Kansas  as  a  State, 
under  the  Leeompton  constitution. 

April  7— Ex-Gov.  Lazarus  W.  Powell,  of 
Ky.,  and  Maj.  Ben  McCuUoch,  of  Texas, 
sent  as  peace  commissioners  to  Utah. 

April  9— From  the  following  21  com- 
panies. Gov.  Morehead  selects  by  lot  10 
(the  first  10  below)  to  compose  the  regiment 
to  be  tendered  to  the  U.  S.  war  department 
for  service  in  Utah  : 
'-  Capt.  Wales Louisville. 

2.  Capt.  Hanks Anderson  county. 

3.  Capt.  Beard Lexington. 

4.  Capt.  'Prapnall Mercer  countv. 

5.  Capt.  Pierce Trimble  county. 

6.  Capt.  McHenry Daviess  county. 

7.  Capt.  Rogers Louisville 

8.  Capt.  Moore Pendleton  county. 

9.  Capt.  Adair Union  county. 

10.  Capt.  Rees Covington. 

11.  Capt.  Donan Hart  county. 

12.  Capt.  Bacon Franklin  county. 

13.  Capt.  Dear Shelby  county. 

14.  Capt.  Ljindruni Gallatin  county; 

1."^.  Capt.  Miller Christian  county. 

11),  Capt.  George  W   Gist....Montgomery  county. 

17.  Capt.  Cowan Boyle  county. 

18.  Capt.  Holeman Owen  county. 

19.  Capt.  W,  M.  Booker Washington  county. 

20.  Capt.  Daniel Owsley  county. 

21.  Capt.  Forsyth Louisville. 

Two  other  companies  were  reported,  but 
without  a  roll  of  ofiicers  and  men — one  by 
W.  M.  Fulkerson,  of  Breathitt  county,  and 
the  other  by  A.  L.  Saunders,  of  Carroll 
county. 

April  10— Death,  at  Washington  city, 
of  Col.  Thos.  H.  Benton,  formerly  U.  S. 
senator  from  Missouri  for  30  years;  during 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


much  of  this  time  he  and  his  family  re- 
sided, temporarilj-,  on  his  farm  in  Wood- 
ford county,  Ky. 

April  U — Heavy  rains  all  over  Ky.,  and 
much  damage.  Heavier  rains  and  greater 
damnge  to  railroads  and  along  the  streams, 
in  the  North  and  Northwest.  Numerous 
crevasses  in  the  levees  on  the  Mississippi, 
whole  plantations  in  Louisiana  and  Mis- 
sissippi under  water,  and  very  great  suffer- 
ing. 

-Remarkable  revivals  of  religion  all  over 
Ky.  and  the  United  States.  Over  100  join 
the  Methodist  church  in  Perryville,  Ky., 
and  428  accessions  to  5  Methodist  churches 
in  Louisville  ;  similar  accessions  in  other 
places  and  to  other  denominations, 

April  16— Ky.  state  bonds  sell  in  New 
York  at  113,  and  Bank  of  Ky.  stock  at 
112@112^i. 

April  24— Fall  of  snow  in  Northern  Ky., 
in  some  places  to  the  depth  of  one  inch. 

May  17—157  U.  S.  troops  defeated  by 
1,000  Indians,  near  Spokan  river,  in  Ore- 
gon;  Capt.  0.  H.  P.  Taylor,  of  Maysville, 
Ky.,  among  the  killed. 

May  19 — Exhibition  of  Ky.  leaf  tobacco 
at  Louisville,  in  Pickett  warehouse,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Ky.  state  agricultural 
society  ;  129  entries  competed  for  the  pre- 
mium, first  and  second  certificates,  in  4 
classes  ;  the  successful  tobacco  was  sold  at 
auction  for  the  high  prices  per  100  pounds, 
and  in  t^e  order  named  :  cutting — Sims  & 
Blandford,  Daviess  co.  $19,  J.  C.  Bland- 
ford,  Daviess  CO.  $12,  Bradford  &  Ware, 
Bracken  co.  $12  ;  manufacturing— W.  R. 
Wells,  Hart  co.  $53,  M.  W.  Prewitt,  Tay- 
lor CO,  $20,  S.  H.  Moss,  Green  co.  $19; 
shipping— W.  S.  Lacy,  Christian  co.  $16, 
T.  H.  Mustain,  Hart  co.  $11,  W.  S.  Lacy, 
Christian  co.  $11  ;  cigar— James  Norris, 
Mason  co.  $19,  McAtee,  Baldwin  &  Co., 
Mason  co.  SIS^^,  A,  Jackson  Whipps, 
Bracken  co.  $13, 

May  21— First  leaf  tobacco  fair  held  in 
Cincinnati,  at  Chas.  Bodmann's  warehouse  ; 
premiums  for  '*  Mason  county  "  leaf  award- 
ed as  follows  :  best  4  hhds,— 1st,  $50,  John 
Murray,  Bracken  co.,  2d,  $30,  Wm.  Hen- 
son,  Bracken  co„  3d,  $20,  H.  Wilson,  Nich- 
olas CO.,  4th,  $10,  John  Woodwarfl,  Mason 
CO.;  best  3  hhds.— 1st,  $50,  Daniel  Norris, 
Mason  co.,  2d,  $30,  Asahel  Woodward, 
Bracken  co.,  3d,  $20,  Wm.  AVoodward, 
Mason  co.;  best,  sweepstakes,  $100,  A.  J. 
AVhipps,  German  town,  for  tobacco  produced 
by  John  Murray,  Bracken  co. 

May  26 — Remarkably  heavy  rains  for 
several  days ;  sudden  rise  in  the  Ohio 
river,  which  at  Pittsburgh  is  22  feet  and 
rising  ;  great  damage  to  crops  and  to  works 
of  public  improvement. 

June  15— Third  great  rise  in  the  Ohio, 
this  season,  which  is  now  higher  than  for 
several  years  past;  Wabash  river  higher 
than  at  any  time  since  the  great  flood  of 
1828;  the  Mississippi  river  within  i}4  feet 
of  the  highest  flood  mark  in  1844;  greati 
damage  at  Cairo,  Illinois. 

June  15— Bank  of  Louisville  opens  books 
for  additional  subscription  of  $850,000  of 


her  stock,  which  is  subscribed  in  two  hours, 
principally  by  Kentuckians  and  in  small 
sums;  stock  at  $102  to  the  share.  The 
Commercial  Bank  of  Ky.  also  opens  at 
Louisville  books  for  ii  Jditional  subscription 
of  $200,000,  which  is  subscribed  in  24  hours. 

July  1— Bank  of  Ky.,  Northern  Bank, 
and  Bank  of  Louisville  each  declares  5 
per  cent  dividend  out  of  its  profits  fur  the 
last  six  months  ;  the  former  two  declare  an 
extra  dividend  of  5,  and  the  latter  one  of 
12  per  cent. 

July  10 — Jos.  Beard,  city  marshal  of 
Lexington,  stabbed  in  the  heart  and  lung, 
by  one  Barker,  whom  he  had  arrested  for 
fighting,  and  dies  instantly.  Three  hours 
and  a  half  afterwards.  Barker  is  taken 
from  jail  by  a  large  crowd,  and  hung  in 
the  court  house  yard. 

July  22— Public  dinner  to  John  J.  Crit- 
tenden, at  Versailles. 

Aug.  2— Rankin  R.  Revill  (democrat) 
elected  clerk  of  the  court  of  .ippciils  :  Rev- 
ill  68,540,  Geo.  R.  McKee  (American)  55,- 
199— maj.  13,341.  Henry  C.  Wood  (dem.) 
elected  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals,  in 
the  2d  district,  over  Judge  Zach.  Wheat 
(Am.).     County  officers  elected. 

Aug.  31— Northern  Bank  stock,  26  shares 
sold  in  Lexington  at  $120.  Bank  of  Ky. 
stock  sold  in  Philadelphia  at  $112. 

Sept.  5— Frightful  and  mysterious  mor- 
tality among  the  hogs  in  Daviess,  Muh- 
lenburg,  McLean,  and  adjacent  counties. 
They  die  in  such  numbers  as  to  poison  the 
atmosphere  with  the  stench,  and  occasion 
much  sickness. 


ville  Journal,  explores  the  "  Bottomless 
Pit"  in  the  Mammoth  Cave,  190  feet  deep, 
and  carves  his  name  at  the  bottom — the 
first  person  who  ever  gazed  upon  its  dark- 
ness and  horrors. 

Sept.  14— Death,  at  the  residence  of  her 
son,  Wm.  White,  in  Hunter's  Bottom, 
Carroll  county,  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Hoyt, 
aged  91  years — the  first  white  woman  who 
settled  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Sept.  21 — Shock  of  earthquake  at  Line 
Shore,  below  Hickm.an,  so  severe  that  a 
lady,  who  was  about  40  rods  from  her  house 
when  it  commenced,  fell  down  four  times 
before  she  got  to  her  door ;  it  seemed  as  if 
her  house  would  tumble  down.  In  the 
great  earthquake  of  1811,  near  the  same 
place,  the  ground  sunk,  making  a  lake  12 
miles  long  and  7  wide. 

Oct.  13— A  brilliant  comet,  known  as 
the  great  comet  of  1858,  has  been  visible 
to  the  naked  eye  since  Aug.  29,  and  ob- 
served through  telescopes  since  June  28. 

Oct.  14 — Presentation  to  the  Masonic 
Grand  Lodge  of  Kentucky,  of  the  sword 
worn  by  Col.  Joe  Hamilton  Daviess  when 
he  fell  at  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe— en- 
closed in  a  box  made  of  oak  from  the  very 
tree  under  whose  shade  ho  expired;  pre- 
sented by  Judge  Levi  H.  Todd,  of  Indiana 
—a  native  of  Ky.,  a  l.aw  student  in  the  of- 
fice and  a  member  of  the  fnmily  of  Col. 
Daviess,  .it  the  time  of  his  death. 


1859. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


81 


Oct.  18— Louisville  conference  of  the 
Methodist  E.  Church  South,  in  session  at 
Hopkinsville,  Ky.,  after  an  exciting  de- 
bate, votes  in  favor  of  expunging  from  the 
General  Rules  of  the  church  the  one  for- 
bidding "  the  buying  and  selling  of  men, 
women  and  children,  with  an  intention  to 
enslave  them." 

Oct.  19 — U.  S.  military  asylum  at  Ilar- 
rodsburg  discontinued,  and  inmates  re- 
moved to  the  asylum  at  Washington  city. 

1859,  Jan.  4— Last  meeting  of  the  U.  S. 
senate  in  its  old  chamber,  and  formal 
change  to  the  new  wing  of  the  capitol,  at 
Washington  city.  Before  removing,  John 
J.  Crittenden,  of  Ky.,  the  oldest  member 
of  the  senate,  offered  some  remarks  appro- 
priate and  truly  affecting.  The  vice  pres- 
ident of  the  United  States,  who  is  also  the 
presiding  officer  of  the  senate,  John  C. 
Breckinridge,  of  Ky.,  by  previous  request 
of  the  senate,  delivered  an  address  at  once 
historical,  eloquent  and  touching.  The 
congress  of  the  Revolution,  as  the  chances 
•  required,  held  its  sessions  at  Phil- 


commeneement  of  the  present  government, 
it  met  at  Princeton,  Annapolis,  Trenton, 
and  New  York ;  in  1783  and  1784,  alter- 
nately at  Trenton  and  Annapolis  ;  in  1785 
to  1790,  at  New  York  ;  in  1791  to  1800,  at 
Philadelphia;  in  1801  and  thenceforward, 
at  Washington  city.  The  first  capitol  was 
ready  in  1800. 

Jan.  1— Total  circulation  of  the  Ken- 
tucky banks  the  largest  ever  known,  S14,- 
345,696— an  increase  over  that  on  Jan.  1, 
1858  of  $5,461,471,  and  over  that  on  July 
1,1858  of  $3,746,931. 

March  16 — Longest  iron  bridge  in  Amer- 
ica (except  the  Victoria  bridge  at  Mon- 
treal, Canada)  erected  over  Green  River, 
at  Bowling  Green,  on  the  Louisville  and 
Nashville  Railroad;  total  length  1,000 
feet,  height  115  feet  above  low  water  mark, 
and  of  5  spans. 

March  28— James  Guthrie  sells  at  par, 
among  Louisville  and  Kentucky  capital- 
ists, $1,018,000  bonds  of  the  Louisville  and 
Nashville  railroad — insuring  its  early  com- 
pletion. 

Silver  ore  discovered  on  Willow  creek, 
four  miles  from  Falmouth,  in  Pendleton 
county. 

April  2  to  6— Thermometer  at  Paris  25° 
and  28°  above  zero,  for  four  days. 


seven  feet  nine  inches  high. 

June  10—45  shares  Northern  Bank  of 
Ky.  stock  sold  in  Philadelphia  at  $132  per 
share. 

June  20— Hon.  Garret  Davis  challenges 
Capt.  Wm.  E.  Simms,  democratic  candi- 
date for  congress  (both  of  Paris),  to  fight 
a  duel,  for  denunciatory  words,  in  a  speech 
at  Ruddell's  Mills,  in  reference  to  a  com- 
munication in  "  Western  Citizen  "  of  which 
Mr.  Davis  avows  himself  the  author.  They 
meet  in  Cincinnati  for  the  purpose  ;  but  by 

I. ..6 


mediation  of  friends  the  difficulty  is  ad- 
justed without  a  hostile  meeting. 

July  1 — Kentucky  banks  declare  divi- 
dends out  of  last  six  months'  profits: 
Northern  and  Commercial  each  5,  Southern 
5  and  2  per  cent  extra.  Farmers'  5  and, 
from  the  accumulated  and  surplus  profits, 
22  per  cent  extra. 

Aug.  1 — The  Democratic  ticket  for  state 
officers  elected.  Vote  for  governor :  Beriah 
Magoffin  (dem.)  76,187,  Joshua  F.  Bell 
(opposition)  67,283— maj.  8,904;  for  lieu- 
ten.ant  governor:  Linn  Boyd  (dem.)  75,- 
320,  Alfred  Allen  (opposition)  63,607— maj. 
11,713;  5  democrats  and  5  "opposition" 
elected  to  congress. 

Aug.  6— Death  of  Rev.  John  A.  McClung, 
D.  D.,  of  Maysville,  Ky.,  by  drowning  in 
Niagara  river,  about  three  miles  above  the 
Falls.  His  body,  carried  over  the  Falls,  is 
found,  on  the  10th,  in  an  eddy,  near  the 
mouth  of  Niagara  river,  on  the  American 
side,  and  21st,  taken  to  Maysville  for  in- 
terment. 

Oct.  5 — Sale,  at  Lexington,  under  a 
judgment  of  the  Fayette  Circuit  Court,  of 
the  Covington  and  Lexington  railroad,  for 
$2,125,000,  to  Wm.  H.  Gedge,  of  Coving- 
ton ;  for  R.  B.  Bowler,  of  Cincinnati.  Its 
receipts  during  the  twelve  months  just 
closed  had  been  $449,202,  and  for  the  year 
prior  $396,366— an  increase  in  one  year  of 
$52,866. 

Oct.  28,  29— Destruction,  by  a  mob,  of 
"The  True  South,"  an  abolition  news- 
paper published  at  Newport. 

Nov.  12 — Thermometer  68°,  during  the 
day,  but  falls  during  the  night  to  12° 
above  zero — a  change  of  temperature  of 
56  degress  in  less  than  12  hours. 

Nov.  28— Golden  \rtdding  of  ex-chief- 
justice  Geo.  Robertson  and  wife,  at  Lex- 
Dec.  12— Maj.  John  C.  Breckinridge, 
(democrat,)  now  vice  president  of  the 
United  States,  elected  U.  S.  senator  from 
Ky.  for  six  years  from  March  4,  1861 : 
Breckinridge  81,  Joshua  F.  Bell  (opposi- 
tion) 52. 

Dec.  16— Legislature  instructs  Ky.  sen- 
ators and  requests  representatives  in  con- 
gress to  urge  upon  the  treaty  -  making 
power  the  necessity  of  so  amending  the 
treaty  of  1842  with  Great  Britain  in  regard 
to  fugitives  from  justice,  as  to  provide  for 
the  surrender  of  ''fugitives  from  service 
or  labor."  [Designed  to  procure  the  sur- 
render and  return  of  slaves  fleeing  to  Can- 
ada.] 

Dec.  17— Death  of  the  lieutenant  gover- 
nor, Hon.  Linn  Boyd,  at  his  residence. 

Dec.  21— Thos.  P.  Porter  unanimously 
elected  speaker  of  the  senate,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of  the 
lieutenant  governor. 

1860,  Jan.  2— Great  "  Union  "  meeting 
at  Maysville,  of  all  political  parties. 

A  public  meeting  in  Madison  county 
peremptorily  requires  Rev.  John  G.  Fee 
and  others  at  Berea  to  leave  that  county, 
on  account  of  their  anti-slavery  principles 
and  teachings. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1860. 


Jan.  8 — Great  mortality  among  hogs  by 
cholera,  in  Bourbon  and  Harrison  counties. 

Jan.  9 — Democratic  state  convention  at 
Frankfort,  among  other  resolutions,  **  re- 
cognizes the  right  of  the  people  of  the  ter- 
ritories, including  Kansas  and  Nebraska, 
to  form  a  constitution  with  or  without 
slavery,  and  be  admitted  into  the  Union 
upon  terms  of  perfect  equality  with  the 
other  states,"  endorses  James  Guthrie  as 
eminently  qualified  for  the  presidency,  and 
elects  delegates  to  the  national  convention 
at  Charleston. 

Jan.  9 — Very  long  and  very  eloquent 
"  Union  "  letter  of  Rev.  Robert  J.  Breck- 
inridge, D.D.,  LL.D.,  to  his  nephew,  Hon. 
John  C.  Breckinridge,  vice  president  of 
the  United  States  and  U.  S.  senator  elect 

Jan.  10— Andrew  Wilson,  of  Mayslick, 
slaughters  a  hog  (barrow)  raised  by  him 
whose  gross  weight  was  1340  pounds;  his 
tusks  measure  14  inches  in  length. 

Jan.  21— Legislature— by  a  vote  of  82 
yeas  3  nays  in  the  house,  and  a  unanimous 
vote  (34  present)  in  the  senate — appropri- 
ates $10,000  for  the  completion  of  the 
monument  over  the  grave  of  Henry  Clay  at 
Lexington. 

Jan.  21 — A  public  meeting  at  Orange- 
burg, Mason  county,  notifies  Rev.  James 
S.  Davis,  (a  co-worker  at  Berea,  Madison 
county,  with  Rev.  John  Gregg  Fee,  whence 
he  was  recently  peremptorily  required  to 
leave)  who  settled  soon  after  on  Cabin 
Creek,  Lewis  county,  to  remove  from  Ky. 
within  seven  days.  The  meeting  approved 
the  action  of  the  M.adison  co.  meeting,  "  as 
necessary  and  justifiable  by  a  proper  re- 
gard for  the  protection  of  their  property 
.and  the  safety  and  security  of  their  fam- 
ilies." Jan.  25,  he  was  called  on  to  give 
up  a  large  number  of  copies  of  H.  R. 
Helper's  "  Impending  Crisis  of  the  South," 
which  he  had  received  for  circulation  ;  at 
first  he  refused ;  but  finally,  by  way  of 
compromise,  burnt  them  in  the  presence 
of  the  persons  who  had  called. 

Jan.  23^Legi3lature  appropriates  $5,000 
per  year  for  next  two  years  to  the  Ky. 
state  agricultural  society,  to  be  awarded  in 

premiums Also,  $10,000,  additional, 

towards  the  completion  of  the  Henry  Clay 

monument    at    Lexington 27 — Bank 

of  Ashland  authorized  to  establish  a  branch 
,  with  $100,000  capit.ll. 
without  the  approval  of 
Mngoflin.] 

Jan.  23 — A  public  meeting  at  Brooks- 
ville,  of  citizens  of  Bracken  county  and 
of  the  western  part  of  Mason  county,  re- 
solves that  Rev.  John  Gregg  Fee  and 
John  6.  H.anson,  lately  expelled  from 
Madison  county,  and  now  about  settling 
in  Bracken  county,  "are  enemies  to  the 
state  and  dangerous  to  the  security  of  our 
lives  .and  property,"  and  "solemnly  de- 
clare that  they  "  and  three  others  named 
must,  "  by  ensuing  Feb.  4,  leave  the  county 
and  state;"  50  prominent  citizens  ap- 
pointed   to    see    tho    resolutions    carried 


Jan.  24— The  bill  to  extend  state  aid  to 
railroads  and  turnpikes  rejected  in  the 
senate,  by  21  to  16. 

Jan.  24 — The  legislatures  of  Tennessee 
and  Kentucky  meet  at  Louisville,  and  are 
eloquently  entertained  by  the  city  and  cit- 
izens. 26th,  they  reach  Columbus,  Ohio, 
and  are  warmly  welcomed  by  the  Ohio 
legislature  and  citizens.  Friday  after- 
noon, 27th,  the  legislatures  of  the  three 
states  return  together  to  Cincinnati,  and 
receive  a  grand  ovation  at  Pike's  opera 
house,  banquet  at  the  Burnet  House,  and 
another  entertainment  by  Nicholas  Long- 
worth.  Speeches  by  Mayor  Richard  M. 
Bishop,  Judge  Bellamy  Storer,  Gov.  Be- 
riah  Magofiin  of  Ky.,  Lieut.  Gov.  Newman 
of  Tennessee,  and  Gov.  Wm.  Dennison  of 
Ohio. 

Feb.  1 — House  of  representatives  of  con- 
gress, after  two  months'  balloting  and  dis- 
gr-aceful  scenes,  orgivnized  by  electing  Wm. 
Pennington  of  N.  J.,  speaker — by  117 
votes,  to  85  for  John  A.  AlcClernand,  16 
for  Thos.  W.  Gilmer,  and  15  scattering. 

Feb.  6 — Dr.  H.  A.  Davidson  walks  into 
a  store  at  Henderson,  with  an  "  infernal 
machine"  in  a  willow  basket  under  his 
cloak,  which  he  set  fire  to  ;  it  explodes, 
dangerously  injuring  several  persons,  blow- 
ing out  the  side  of  the  house,  and  doing 
much  other  damage. 

Feb.  6 — Legislature  requires  clerks  at 
all  elections  to  keep  the  votes  by  com- 
mencing each  page  with  the  figure  1,  and 
so  continue  the  count  in  numerals  to  the 

foot  of  the  page 11 — Institution  for 

the  education  of  idiots  and  feeble-minded 
children  established  in  Franklin  county, 
and  $20,000  appropriated  for  grounds  and 
buildings Governor  directed  to  pro- 
cure suitable  gold  medals,  to  present,  in 
the  name  of  the  state,  to  each  of  the  sur- 
viving Ky.  volunteers  in  the  battle  of  Lake 
Erie  on  Sept.  10,  1813.  [Com.  Perry's 
victory.] Certain  terms  of  the  Ken- 
ton circuit  court  to  be  held  in  Covington, 
instead  of  at  Independence  ;  and,  18th,  an 
office  established  there  for  recording  deeds 
and  mortgages.      [Makes,  practically,  two 

county   seats   in    Kenton    county.] 

20— $1,000  ofi'ered  to  any  person  who  shall 
discover  the  true  cause  of  hog  cholera,  and 
a  remedy  that  will  cure  it 22 — Com- 
mon school  districts,  within  which  a  school 
was  taught  in  tho  years  1854,  1855,  1856, 
1857,  1853,  and  1859,  but  which  failed  to 

report,  allowed  further  time  to  report 

...27 — Sewing  machines  to  be  exempt  from 

distribution  and  from   execution 

28 — Any  person  may,  by  proceeding  in 
court,  adopt  any  infant  or  adult  person  or 
persons,  .and  make  them  capable  of  inher- 
iting as  heirs-at-law Apportionment 

of  representation  in  the  senate  and  house, 
for  ensuing  eight  years. 

Feb.  8— Ten  per  cent  conventional  inter- 
est bill  passes  the  senate,  by  18  to  14,  but 
is  rejected  in  the  house. 

Feb.  13— Gov.  Magoffin  vetoes  the  bill 
increasing  the  capital  stock  of  the  Com- 
mercial Bank  of  Ky.  $900,000,  and  author- 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


izing  atlditional  branches,  at  Lebanon, 
Newport  and  Cynthiana ;  14th,  the  \>< 
passes  the  bil],  over  the  governor's  veto, 
by  55  to  37,  and  the  senate  by  20  to  13. 
The  veto  is  approved  by  every  newspaper 
in  the  state  but  three. 

Feb.  16 — In  the  house  of  representatives, 
a  resolution  charges  Sinclair  Roberts,  the 
member  from  L.awrence  county,  with  brib- 
ery in  receiving  $30  for  his  vote  for  the 
Commercial  bank  bill ;  a  committee  of  in- 
vestigation reports  him  innocent  and  the 
charge  a  fabrication,  and  the  house  unani- 
mously acquits  him.  [This  is  the  first 
charge  of  bribery  every  made  in  the  Ky. 
legislature.] 

Feb.  16— The  bill  to  prevent  the  mar- 
riage of  cousins  defeated  in  the  senate,  by 
11  yeas,  19  nays. 

Feb.  22--The  Opposition  state  conven- 
tion at  Frankfort  recommends  John  J. 
Crittenden  "  to  the  favorable  consideration 
of  a  National  Union  convention,,  as  worthy 
of  the  exalted  position  of  president ;"  and, 
besides  other  resolutions,  unanimously 
adopts  this:  Resolved,  That  the  peo- 
ple of  Kentucky  are  for  the  Union  and 
the  Constitution  intact;  and  declare  that 
the  "  Union  shall  and  must  be  main- 
tained," and  that  Kentucky  will  redress 
her  wrongs  inside  of  the  Union  and  not  out 
of  it. 

Feb.  22— Terrible  conflagration  at  Dan- 
ville ;  court  house,  2d  Presbyterian,  Epis- 
copal and  Reformed  churches,  Batterton 
house,  Tribune  printing  office,  and  64 
stores,  dwellings,  and  other  buildings 
burned  ;  loss  over  $300,000. 

Feb.  28 — Legislature  adopts  as  the  true 
boundary  line  between  Ky.  and  Tennessee 
the  one  surveyed  in  1859,  by  Austin  P. 
Cox  and  Chas.  M.  Briggs,  commissioners 
appointed  for  the  purpose. 

March  2 — Legislature  instructs  senators 
and  representatives  in  congress  to  urge  the 
placing  of  tobacco,  by  treaties  with  for- 
eign countries,  upon  a  footing  with  other 
exports,  and  prevent  the  heavy  duties  to 
which  it  is  subjected  abro.ad Resolu- 
tion of  thanks  to  New  York  legislature  for 
the  handsome  invitation  to  Ky.  legislature 

to  visit  Albany Remains  of  Elliston 

Williams,  late  of  Kenton  county,  directed 
to  be  removed  and  re-interred  near  those 
of  Daniel  Boone,  in  the  cemetery  at  Frank- 
fort  All  laws  prohibiting  the  impor- 
tation of  slaves  into   Ky.  repealed 

Penalties  or  fines  recovered  for  gaming  are 
to  be  paid  into  the  common  school  fund 

3 — Gipsies  to  be  arrested,  and  fined 

or  imprisoned Writing,  printing    or 

circulating  of  incendiary  documents  in  Ky. 
made   punishable   by  confinement   in    the 

penitentiary Petit  jurors  to  receive 

^1.50  for  each  day  they  serve  as  such 

...Vote  to  be  taken  in  August,  1860,  on  ex- 
pediency of  three  cents  additional  school 
tax No  slave  hereafter  to  be  emanci- 
pated except  on  condition  of  immediatelj' 
leaving  the  state.  Free  negroes  non-resi- 
dent not  allowed  to  come  into  the  state, 
upon  penalty  of  confinement  in  the  peni- 


tentiary  5 — Act  for  organization  of 

Ky.  militia.     [State  guard  law.] 

March  12 — The  Ky.  annual  conference 
of  the  Methodist  E.  Church,  in  session  at 
Germantown,  refuses  to  "  concur  in  any  of 
the  propositions  submitted  by  sister  con- 
ferences, recommending  the  suspension  of 
the  Fourth  Restrictive  Rule,  with  a  view 
to  altering  the  General  Rule  on  the  subject 
of  slavery." 

March  26,  27— Great  cvcitement  in  Mad- 
ison county,  caused  by  the  return  of  Johu 
G.  Hanson,  the  anti-slavery  man  who  was 
ordered  oflf  with  Rev.  John  G.  Fee,  several 
months  ago.  A  movement  to  compel  him 
to  leave  the  state  is  resisted  by  his  friends, 
and  several  persons  wounded.  A  mill  be- 
longing to  Hanson  dismantled. 

April  12 — Beautiful  statue  of  Henry 
Clay  at  Richmond,  Virginia,  inaugurated  ; 
interesting  ceremonies ;  address  by  ex- 
president  John  Tyler. 

April  30— Death  at  Hopkinsville,  of 
Daniel  Fuller,  aged  106. 

May  1 — James  Guthrie,  of  Ky.  receives 
65K  votes,  Stephen  A.  Douglas  151  K,  bal- 
ance divided  between  R.  M.  T.  Hunter, 
Daniel  S.  Dickinson,  Joseph  Lane,  and  1 
for  Jefferson  Davis,  on  the  55th,  56th,  and 
67th  ballots  for  a  nominee  for  president, 
in  the  Democratic  national  convention  at 
Charleston,  S.  C.  The  convention  ad- 
journs to  meet  in   Baltimore,  on  1st  Mon- 

M.ay  21 — Monday — Most  destructive  tor- 
nado ever  known  along  the  valley  of  the 
Ohio,  for  900  miles;  loss  estimated  at  over 
$1,000,000;  about  100  lives  lost,  about  75 
of  them  from  coal  boats  and  skiffs  on  the 


alo 


the 


arns,    outhouses,   and    a   few    dwelli; 

lown  down,  other  buildings  unroofed  or  a 

■all  forced  in,  nearly  all  the  timber   on 

lany  farms  prostrated,  cattle  killed    and 

people  injured  by  the  limb  of  trees  carried 

through  the  air,  steamboats  wrecked,  coal 

id  other  boats  sunk.     The  tornado  p.assed 

from  Louisville  to  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  245 

lies,  desolating  a  space  some  40  miles  wide, 

two   hours.      In    some  neighborhoods, 

jl    destroyed   the    growing   crops.      Old 

sidents  speak  of  a  similar  tornado,  but 

5s  severe,  in  1807. 

May   27— Sunday— A  violent   storm  of 
ind  at  1  A.  M.,  visits  Louisville   and  the 
rrounding    country ;    much    damage    to 
buildings  and  property,  but  no  lives  lost. 
June  4 — A  wind  storm,  with  rain,  docs 
great  damage  in  Bullitt  and  Marion  coun- 
destroying  buildings,  damaging  crops, 
and  uprooting  forests.     It  came  from  Iowa, 
through  Illinois  and  Indiana,  doing  ter- 
rible   destruction ;    it   had   comparatively 
it  its  force  before  reaching    Ky.      In 
Camanche,  Iowa,  38  people  were  killed  and 
y  wounded,  and  across  the  Mississippi 
river,    at   Albany,  Illinois,  6  were  killed 
and  over  50  wounded,  in  214  minutes  that 
the  tornado  was  passing  over. 

June  16— In  the  house  of  representatives 
of  congress,  Wm.  C.  Anderson,  the  sitting 
member,   from  the  Danville  district,  Ky., 


84 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


retains  his  seat,  over  James  S.  Chrisman,  | 
the  contestant,  by  a  vote  of  112  to  61.  i 

June  23— Mrs.  Jarvis  T.  StanJiford,  of  | 
Tolleboro,  Lewis  co.,  aged  32,  has  a  full 
suit  of  beard,  about  5  inches  long,  grown 
upon  her  face  since  Sept.  1,  1859 ;  it  is 
thick,  very  dark  and  coarse  like  a  man's 
beard,  and  has  never  been  trimmed  ;  no 
beard  on  her  upper  lip,  and  none  from  her 
mouth  down  over  the  middle  of  her  chin 
to  her  neck,  a  space  one  inch  wide. 

June  23 — Adjourned  session  of  the  Dem- 

serious  disagreement,  resulting  in  the  with- 
drawal of  105  delegates,  mainly  from  the 
Southern  states  ;  vote  for  nominee  for  pres- 
ident, Stephen  A.  Douglas  \Ti)4,  James 
Guthrie  9,  John  C.  Breckinridge  5,  scatter- 
ing and  blank  25;  ne.tt  ballot,  Douglas 
1813^,  the  rest  scattering;  Douglas  unan- 
imously declared  the  nominee,  by  the  %As 
vote  required  by  the  usage  of  the  party  ; 
Benj.  Fitzpatrick,  of  Ala.,  nominated  for 
vice  president.  [He  declined,  subsequently, 
and  Herschel  V.  Johnson,  of  Georgia,  was 
nominated.]  Every  state  represented  ex- 
cept Delaware,  South  Carolina,  Florida, 
Mississippi,  Texas,  California  and  Oregon  ; 
Georgia  in  part,  but  refused  to  vote. 

Of  the  Ky.  delegation,  9  withdrew — 
Quarles,  Lafayette  Green,  Jas.  G.  Leach, 
John  Kendrick,  Colbert  Cecil,  John  Dish- 
man,  Richard  M.  Johnson,  James  B.  Beck 
and  Robert  McKee  ;  6  declined  to  vote— 
Geo.  Alfred  Caldwell,  R.  K.  Williams, 
Wm.  Bradley,  Thos.  I.  Young,  Richard  P. 
Butler  and  S.  B.  Field  ;  9  voted  for  Dong- 
las- Dr.  D.  P.  White,  John  C.  Mason, 
Morgan,  Geo.  T.  Wood,  Sharp,  Benj.  J. 
Spalding,  Wm.  B.  Read,  Speed,  and  Hub- 
bard D.   Helm. 

The  delegates  who  withdrew  met  in 
another  hall  and  organized  ;  21  states  rep- 
resented ;  first  ballot  for  nominee  for  pres- 
ident, John  C.  Breckinridge  81,  Daniel  S. 
Dickinson  (of  N.  Y.)  24;  the  latter  votes 
■were  changed  to  Breckinridge,  and  he 
was  unanimously  nominated  ;  Gen.  Joseph 
Lane,  of  Oregon,  nominated  for  vice  pres- 
ident. 

Aug.  6 — Gen.  Leslie  Combs  elected  clerk 
of  the  court  of  appeals,  to  fill  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  Rankin  R.  Revill : 
Combs  (Bell  and  Everett  candidate)  68,165, 
Clinton  McClarty  (Breckinridge)  44,942, 
Robert  R.  Boiling  (Douglas,  independent) 
10,971,  Brent  Hopkins  829,  other  candi- 
dates 325— Combs'  majority  over  McClarty 
23,223.  For  the  school  tax  (3  cents  addi- 
tional) "2,864,  against  it  45,462— maj.  27,- 
402,  and  yet,  as  the  law  required  79,695 
votes  (a  majority  of  all  entitled  to  vote) 
the  measure  failed  to  be  adopted  by  the 
people.  Belville  J.  Peters  (democrat) 
elected  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  in 
the  eastern  or  first  district :  Peters  16,710, 
James  Simpson  (independent)  15,524 — 
maj.  1,186. 

Aug.  7 — Severe  shock  of  earthquake  at 
Henderson,  at  9)4  x.  u.,  lasting  8  or  10 
seconds  and  causing  much  consternation  ; 
felt  slightly  at  Louisville. 


Aug.  8— Sale,  under  decree  of  Fayette 
circuit  court,  of  Lexington  and  Big  Sandy 
Railroad  ;  Wm.  T.  Nichols  purchaser,  for 
a  company,  at  $60,000. 

Census  of  1860  show  Kentucky  the 
ninth  state  in  point  of  population.  Total 
population  1,155,684 ;  whites  919,484,  of 
which  foreign-born  59,799 ;  free  colored 
10,684,  slaves  225,483.  Total  increase 
since  1850,  17%  per  cent;  foreign-born 
increase  90 J^  per  cent;  slave  increase  7 
per  cent. 

Sept.  22 — Kentucky  state  bonds  sold  in 
New  York  city  at  105i^. 

Oct. — A  French  meteorologist  named 
Renou  predicts  a  series  of  severe  winters, 
of  which  the  approaching  winter  is  to  be 
the  first,  and  that  of  1871  the  most  severe. 
He  finds  that  unusual  displays  of  aurora 
borealis,  frequent  earthquakes,  and  an  in- 
crease of  spots  on  the  sun,  are  simultane- 
ous and  denote  the  coming  of  severe 
winters. 

Nov.  6 — Vote  for  president  and  vice 
president :  Bell  and  Everett  66,016,  Breck- 
inridge and  Lane  52,836,  Douglas  and 
Johnson  25,644,  Lincoln  and  Hamlin  1,- 
366  ;  Bell  over  Breckinridge  13,180,  and 
over  Douglas  40,372  ;  Breckinridge  over 
Douglas  27,192  ;  total  vote  cast  145,862. 

Nov.  15  to  30 — Secession  feeling  growing; 
great  excitement,  in  the  south. 

Nov.  16 — Important  letter  from  Gov. 
Magoffin  to  Samuel  I.  M.  Major,  jr.,  editor 
Frankfort  l>omni!— on  "  what  will  Ken- 
tucky do,  and  what  ought  she  to  do,  now 
that  Lincoln  is  elected  president." 

Nov.  18— Maj.  Robert  Anderson  ordered 
from  Ky.  to  Fort  Moultrie,  in  Charleston 
harbor,  to  relieve  Col.  Gardner,  ordered  to 
Texas. 

Nov.  19  to  Dec.  1— Union  meetings, 
usually  without  distinction  of  party,  in 
Frankfort,  Newport,  Hardinsburg,  Brooks- 
ville,  Maysville,  Mount  Sterling,  Vanoe- 
burg,  and  other  places. 

The  following  Southern  banks  suspend 
specie  payments  : 

Nov.  22— Virginia  and  Washington  city 
banks  ;  23 — Heavy  cotton  factors  in  New 
Orleans  stop  payments;  24 — Banks  at 
Charleston,  S.  C,  suspend  specie  pay- 
ments; 26 — Union,  Planters',  and  State 
banks  of  Tennessee,  at  the  request  of  the 
community  ;  28 — South  Carolina  banks 
generally  ;  Dec.  1 — Georgia  banks. 

Nov,  30-Western  lunatic  asylum  at  Hop- 
kinsville — the  largest  and  most  costly 
building  in  the  state — destroyed  by  fire ; 
loss  over  $200,000  ;  one  life  lost,  the  car- 
penter; the  patients,  some  250,  all  saved  ; 
the  fire  first  seen  on  the  roof  among  the 
shingles,  and  a  high  wind  blowing;  a 
metallic  roof  would  have  pre%-ented  the  fire. 

Dec.  3 — President  Buchanan's  message, 
which  denies  the  right  of  secession,  is 
fiercely  attacked  by  senator  Clingman,  of 
N.  C,  and  defended  by  senator  Critten- 
den, of  Ky. 

Dec.  5— The  U.  S.  treasury  suspends 
specie  payments. 

Dec.  8 — In   response   to  recent  applica- 


1861. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


tions  for  suspension  of  specie  payment,  Ky. 
banks  determine  that  such  a  measure  would 
afford  no  commercial  relief;  consequently 
they  will  continue  to  pay  specie  as  usual. 

Dec.   9 — Gov.  MagoCnn   by  circular  sub- 
mits six   propositions  to  the  consideration 


peal  all  laws  of  any  free  state  which  nul- 
lify, or  obstruct  operation  of,  the  fugitive 

2.  So  amend  the  fugitive  slave  law  as  to 
enforce  its  execution  in  every  free  state, 
and  provide  to  the  owner  of  the  slave  com- 
pensation, from  the  state  which  fails  to  de- 
liver him  up  or  obstructs  his  recovery. 

3.  Congress  to  pass  a  law  compelling 
governors  of  free  states  to  return  as  fugi- 
tives from  justice  any  who  are  indicted  for 
stealing  or  enticing  away  slaves. 

4.  So  amend  the  U.  S.  constitution  as  to 
provide  for  a  division  of  all  territories  be- 
tween the  free  and  slave  states — all  north 
of  37°  to  come  in  as  free  states,  and  all 
south  as  slave  states,  when  they  have  re- 
quisite population. 

5.  Amend  U.  S.  constitution  so  as  to 
guarantee  the  free  navigation  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  forever,  to  all  the  states. 

6.  So  alter  the  constitution  as  to  give 
the  south  power,  say  in  the  U.  S,  senate, 
to  protect  itself  from  unconstitutional  or 
oppressive  legislation  upon  slavery. 

Dec.  18 — John  J.  Crittenden  introduced 
his  famous  compromise  in  the  U.  S.  senate. 
It  was  this  :  To  renew  the  Missouri  line 
of  38°  30'  ;  prohibit  slavery  Eorth,  and 
permit  it  south,  of  that  line  ;  admit  new 
states  with  or  without  slavery,  as  their 
constitutions  may  provide ;  prohibit  con- 
gress from  abolishing  slavery  in  the  states, 
and  in  the  District  of  Columbia  so  long  as 
it  exists  in  Virginia  or  Maryland  ;  permit 
free  transmission  of  slaves  by  land  or 
water,  in  any  state  ;  pay  for  fugitive  slaves 
rescued  after  arrest ;  repeal  the  inequality 
of  commissioners*  fees  in  the  fugitive  slave 
act ;  and  to  ask  the  repeal  of  personal  lib- 
erty bills  in  the  northern  states.  These 
concessions  to  be  submitted  to  the  people 
as  amendments  to  the  U.  S.  constitution, 
and  if  adopted  never  to  be  changed. 

Dec.  18— Great  speech  of  John  J.  Crit- 
tenden in  the  U.  S.  senate,  on  the  proposed 
compromise  of  the  slavery  question. 

Dec.  20— Caleb  Cushing  reaches  Charles- 
ton with  a  message  from  President  Bu- 
chanan, guaranteeing  that  Mnj.  Anderson 
should  not  be  reinforced,  and  asking  the 
South  Carolina  convention,  then  in  session, 
to  respect  the  Federal  laws ;  the  conven- 
tion refuses  to  make  any  promises. 

Doc.  22— The  Crittenden  compromise 
propositions  voted  down  in  the  U.  S.  sen- 
ate-committee of  13. 

Dec.  24— Judge  Muir,  of  Jefferson  cir- 
cuit court  at  Louisville,  decides  the  mili- 
tary law  passed  last  winter  not  contrary 
to  the  law  of  congress  nor  to  the  constitu- 
tion of  Ky. 

Dee.  25— Col.  W.  S.  Featherstonc,  as 
commissioner  from  the   governor  of   Mis- 


sissippi and  at  the  instance  of  the  Missis- 
sippi legislature,  visits  Frankfort,  and 
appeals  to  Gov.  Magoffin  to  call  an  extra 
session  of  the  legislature,  to  take  steps  for 
co-operation  with  Mississippi  and  the  south 
'*  in  the  adoption  of  efficient  measures  for 
their  common  defense  and  safety." 

Dec.  27— Mnj.  Robert  Anderson  ^ofKy.), 
U.  S.  army,  in  command  in  Charleston 
harbor,  burns  the  inside  of  Fort  Moultrie, 
spikes  the  guns,  and  retires,  with  his 
band  of  80  men,  to  Fort  Sumter,  in  the 
mouth  of  the  harbor — because  more  de- 
fensible than  Fort  Moultrie.  This  move- 
ment creates  intense  excitement;  troops 
are  ordered  out  in  Charleston,  and  Georgia 
and  other  states  tender  aid  ;  fortifications 
for  attack  erected,  on  both  shores. 

Dec.  27— S.  F.  Hale,  commissioner  from 
Alabama,  calls  upon,  and  has  conference 
by  letter  with,  Gov.  Magoffin,  proposing 
co-operation  with  southern  states  to  secure 
a  redress  of  wrongs,  &c. 

Dee.  27 — Gov.  Magoffin  issues  his  proc- 
lamation for  a  called  session  of  the  legis- 
lature, on  Jan.  17,  1861. 

1861,  Jan.  1— Capital  and  circulation  of 
Ky.  banks,  at  this  date  for  several  years 

Capital.  Circulation. 

1857 $10,433,400 $13,485,685 

1859 12,141,725 14,345,696 

1860 12,660,670 13,520,207 

1861 13,429,725 10,267,202 

Jan.  4 — Fast-day,  appointed  by  procla- 
mation of  President  Buchanan,  is  observed 
in  Kentucky  and  other  border  states. 

Jan.  4 — Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge, 
D.D.  LL.D.,  addresses  an  immense  as- 
sembly in  Lexington,  on  the  state  of  the 
country, 

Jan.  5— Steamer  Star  of  the  West  sails 
from  New  York  with  supplies  and  rein- 
forcements for  Fort  Sumter.  Arrives  off 
Charleston,  Jan.  9,  is  fired  upon  by  Con- 
federate   batteries    and    driven    back    to 

Jan.  7 — A  committee  of  one  member 
from  the  representation  in  congress  of  the 
states  of  Maryland,  Kentucky,  Ohio,  New 
Jersey,  Delaware,  Virginia,  Pennsylvania, 
Illinois,  Iowa,  Indiana,  Missouri,  Ar- 
kansas, North  Carolina  and  Tennessee, 
agrees  upon  a  scheme  of  compromise — 
generally  spoken  of  as  the  "  Border  State 
proposition  " — which  Mr.  Crittenden,  who 

as  a  member  of  the  committee,  accepts 
a  substitute  for  his  own. 

Jan.  8— The  constitutional  Union  [Bell 
&  Everett]  convention,  and  the  Democratic 
Union  [Douglas]  convention,  assemble  in 
Louisville.  Ex-Gov.  John  L.  Helm  pre- 
sided over  the  former,  and  Ex-Gov.  Chas. 
A.  Wickliffe  over  the  latter.  Among  the 
resolutions  agreed  upon  by  a  joint  com- 
mittee of  conference,  and  vnanhnously 
adopted  by  both  conventions,  are  these: 

"Resolved,  That  we.  recommend  the 
adoption  of  the  propositions  of  our  dis- 
tinguished senator,  John  J.  Crittenden,  as 
a   fair  and   honorable  adjustment   of  tho 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKT. 


1861 


difficulties  which  divide  and  distract  the 
people  of  our  beloved  country. 

"  Resolved,  That  we  recommend  to  the 
legislature  of  the  state,  to  put  the  amend- 
ments of  senator  Crittenden  in  form,  and 
submit  them  to  the  other  states  ;  and  that, 
if  the  disorganization  of  the  present  Union 
is  not  arrested,  the  states  agreeing  to  these 
amendments  of  the  federal  constitution 
shall  form  a  separate  confederacy,  with 
power  to  admit  new  states  under  our  glori- 
ous constitution  thus  amended. 

"  Resolved,  That  we  deplore  the  exist- 
ence of  a  Union  to  be  held  together  by  the 
sword,  with  laws  to  be  enforced  by  stand- 
ing armies  ;  it  is  not  such  a  Union  as  our 
fathers  intended,  and  not  worth  preserv- 
ing." 

These  two  conventions,  by  joint  action, 
appointed  a  central  committee,  composed  of 
John  H.  Harney,  Wm.  F.  Bullock,  Geo. 
D.  Prentice,  James  Speed,  Chas.  Ripley, 
Wm.  P.  Boone,  Phil.  Tompert,  Hamilton 
Pope,  Nat.  Wolfe,  and  Lewis  E.  Harvie. 

Jan.  10 — Letter  from  Vice  President 
John  C,  Breckinridge,  on  the  Crittenden 
compromise,  <fee. 

Jan.  16 — The  Crittenden  compromise 
practically  voted  down  in  the  U.  S.  senate 
— by  adopting  a  substitute,  that  the  con- 
stitution is  good  enough,  and  that  seces- 
sion ought  to  be  put  down. 

Jan.  17— Legislature  meets  in  called 
session.     Gov.  MagofBn's  message  reeom- 

ends  that  body  to  adopt  resolutions  in- 

:  states,  in- 
cluding Tennessee  and  North  Carolina, 
and  of  such  other  states  as  may  choose  to 
co-operate  ;  also,  to  "  declare  by  resolution 
the  unconditional  disapprobation  of  Ken- 
tucky of  the  employment  of  force  in  any 
form  against  the  seceding  states." 

The  adjutant-general  reports,  as  the 
sum  total  of  arms  belonging  to  the  state, 
58  pieces  of  ordnance,  11,283  muskets, 
3,159  rifles,  and  2,873  cavalry  arms.  45 
companies  of  the  State  Guard  are  '•  admi- 
rably drilled  in  rifle  tactics,  handsomely 
uniformed,  and  fully  armed  and  equipped." 

Jan.  19 — The  house  of  representatives, 
by  a  vote  of  66  to  23,  "  directed  the  ser- 
geant-at-arms  to  hoist  the  American  flag 
overthecapltolduring  the  present  session." 

Jan.  21 — The  following  resolutions,  by 
Geo.  W.  Ewing,  of  Logan  county,  adopted 
in  the  house;  the  first  unanimously,  the 
second  by  87  to  6 ;  they  were  not  acted  on 
by  the  senate: 

"Resolved,  That  this  general  assembly 
has  heard  with  profound  regret  of  the  res- 
olutions recently  adopted  by  the  states  of 
New  York,  Ohio,  Maine,  and  Massaohu- 
aetts^tendering  men  and  money  to  the 
president  of  the  United  States,  to  be  used 
in  coercing  certain  sovereign  states  of  the 
South  into  obedience  to  the  federal  govern- 

"  Resolved,  That  this  general  assembly 
receives  the  action  of  the  legislatures  of 
New  York,  Ohio,  Maine,  and  Massachu- 
setts, as  the  indication  of  a  purpose  upon 


the  part  of  the  people  of  those  states  to 
further  complicate  existing  difficulties,  by- 
forcing  the  people  of  the  south  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  submission  or  resistance.  And 
so  regarding  it,  the  governor  of  the  state 
of  Kentucky  is  hereby  requested  to  inform 
the  executives  of  each  of  said  states  that 
it  is  the  opinion  of  this  general  assembly, 
that  whenever  the  authorities  of  these 
states  shall  send  armed  forces  to  the  south 
for  the  purpose  indicated  in  said  resolu- 
tions, the  people  of  Kentucky,  uniting 
with  their  brethren  of  the  south,  will  as 
one  man  resist  such  invasion  of  the  soil  of 
the  south  at  all  hazards  and  to  the  last  ex- 
tremity." 

Jan.  24 — Death  of  ex-governor  Robert 
P.  Letcher. 

Jan.  25 — Legislature,  by  resolutions,  ap- 
peals to  congress  to  call  a  convention  for 
proposing  amendments  to  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States,  pursuant  to  the  5th 
article  thereof. 

Jan.  29— The  senate  unanimously,  and 
the  house  by  81  to  5,  appoints  six  com- 
missioners to  the  peace  conference,  Feb.  4, 
at  Washington  city — in  accordance  with 
the  invitation  of  the  Virginia  legislature: 
Wm.  0.  Butler,  James  B.  Clay,  Chas.  S. 
Mnrehead,  Joshua  F.  Bell,  Chas.  A.  Wick- 
liffe,  and  James  Guthrie  ;  and  appropriates 
$500  each  for  their  compensation  and  ex- 
penses. 

Feb.  4 — Peace  Conference  assembles  in 
Washington  city,  21  states  represented  by 
133  commissioners,  and  continues  in  session 
until  Feb.  27— ex-president  John  Tyler 
chairman.  They  submit  as  their  plan  of 
settlement  and  pacification,  certain  amend- 

Art.  XIII,  with  7'5ections,  and  ask  con- 
gress to  submit  the  same  to  conventions  in 
the  states. 

Feb.  5 — Covington  and  Cincinnati  bridge 
company  authorized  to  issue  $5110,000  of 
preferred  stock,  which  may  receive  15  per 
cent  per  annum  dividends  before  the  com- 
mon stock  receives  anything 9— $20,- 

000  appropriated  towards  new  building  for 
western  lunatic  asylum  at  Hopkinsville. 

Feb.  11 — Legislature,  declaring  further 
action  at  this  time  on  political  affairs  both 
unnecessary  and  inexpedient,  [i.  e.,  refus- 
ing to  call  a  convention  which  might  take 
the  state  out  of  the  Union]  adjourns  to 
20th  March  next. 

March — U.  S.  supreme  court  decides 
against  granting  the  mandamus,  in  the 
case  of  the  Governor  of  Kentuckv  r».  the 
Governor  of  Ohio,  for  the  surrender  of  the 
free  negro,  Willis  Lago,  as  a  fugitive  from 
justice— he  being  indicted  in  Woodford 
county,  Ky.,  for  assisting  a  slave  to  escape 

March  16 — "Union"  speech  of  James 
Guthrie,  at  Louisville. 

March  —Joshua  F.  Bullitt  elected 
judge  of  the  court  of  appeals,  in  place  of 
Henry  C.  Wood,  dec'd. 

March  22— Dr.  Fox,  of  the  navy,  visits 
Maj.  Anderson  in  Fort  Sumter,  as  special 
messenger  of  the  government. 


1861. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


87 


March  22— Got.  Magoffin  vetoes  a  bill  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Bank  of  Louisville  and 
other  banks,  and  also  a  bill  to  amend  the 
charters  of  the  banks  of  Kentucky;  both 
vetoes  are  sustained. 

March  22— Ex-Governors  Chas.  A.  Wick- 
liffe  and  Chas.  S.  Morehead  address  the 
legislature  and  public  at  Frankfort,  ex- 
plaining their  course  in  the  peace  confer- 
ence at  Washington. 

March  20— John  J.  Crittenden  is  enthu- 
siastically welcomed,  on  his  return  home 
to  Frankfort,  by  a  great  concourse  of  citi- 
zens and  by  both  branches  of  the  legisla- 
ture, and  by  a  reception  speech  by  Judge 
Mason  Brown.  26 — By  special  invitation 
of  the  legislature,  he  addresses  that  body 
and  the  public,  in  the  hall  of  the  house. 

March  28— Legislature  authorizes  $200,- 
000  sinking  fund  money  to  be  loaned  to 
the  state  for  ordinary  revenue  purposes. 

April  2 — John  C.  Breckinridge,  by  spe- 
cial invitation,  addresses  the  legislature, 
upon  national  affairs. 

April  3 — Legislature  calls  a  border  slave 
state  convention  for  the  27th  of  May,  at 
Frankfort,  and  provides  for  the  election  of 
one  delegate  from  each  congressional  dis- 
trict  4— Ratifies  the  following  amend- 
ment to  the  U.  S.  constitution,  as  proposed 
by  congress  :  "  No  amendment  shall  be 
made  to  the  constitution  which  will  author- 
ize or  give  congress  power  to  abolish  or  in- 
terfere, within  any  state,  with  the  domestic 
institutions  thereof,  including  that  of  per- 
sons held  to  labor  or  service  by  the  laws 

of  said  state." $19,400  appropriated 

for  constructing  an  arsenal  at  Frankfort, 
and  for  machinery  and  labor  for  repairs  of 

arms  therein Administrator  of  Martin 

Looker  authorized  to  bring  suit,  in  the 
Louisville  chancery  court,  against  the 
state  of  Kentucky Ky.  banks  author- 
ized to  issue  notes  under  $5  ;  also,  suspen- 
sion of  specie  payment  to  be  legalized  on 

certain    contingency Turnpike    and 

bridge  companies  in  which  the  state  is  a 
stockholder  required  to  declare  semi-an- 
nual dividend  in  July  and  January,  if  any 
profits,  and  pay  same  into  treasury  within 
20  days— under  penalty  of  $100  fine  upon 
each  director. 

April  7 — Gen.  Beauregard  notifies  Maj. 
Anderson  that  intercourse  between  Fort 
Sumter  and  the  city  of  Charleston  would 
no  longer  be  permitted. 

April  8— OfiBoial  notice  given,  that  sup- 
plies would  be  sent  to  Maj.  Anderson — by 
force  if  necessary. 

April  11 — Beauregard  demands  of  Maj. 
Anderson  the  surrender  of  Fort  Sumter; 
it  is  declined. 

April  12— Bombardment  of  Fort  Sum- 
ter begins  at  4:30  A.  M.,  and  continues  all 
day ;  partially  suspended  at  nightfall. 
The  rebels,  or  Confederates,  fire  at  inter- 
vals all  night ;  they  have  in  action  17  mor- 
tars, and  30  large  guns,  mostly  columbiads. 
Sumter  is  silent,  during  the  night. 

April  13— At  7  J.  M.,  Fort  Sumter  opens 
fire.  At  9,  the  officers'  quarters  arc  fired 
by  a   shell ;  at  10,  the  flag  is  shot  down  ; 


at  12,  most  of  the  wood-work  of  the  fort  is 
on  fire,  and  the  men  almost  ceasing  their 
fire,  roll  out  90  barrels  of  powder  to  pre- 
vent explosion,  and  are  forced  to  destroy 
it,  by  the  spread  of  the  flames  ;  cartridges 
are  gone,  and  none  can  be  made  ;  at  1  p. 
M.,  the  flagstaff  is  shot  away,  when  the 
flag  is  nailed  to  the  piece,  and  displayed 
from  the  ramparts.  A  flag  of  truce  is  sent 
and  arrangements  for  evacuating  the  fort 
are  made.  At  1:55  p.  m.,  the  flag  is 
hauled  down,  and  the  garrison  departs 
upon  honorable  terms,  bearing  their  flag, 
arms  and  private   property.     During  the 

April  14 — Maj.  Anderson  and  his  men 
leave  Fort  Sumter,  and  sail  for  New  York. 

April  15 — President  Lincoln  by  procla- 
mation co.lls  for  75,000  troops,  and  com- 
mands the  rebels  to  return  to  peace  within 
20  days. 

April  15 — Correspondence  by  telegraph 
between  the  U.  S.  secretary  of  war  and 
the  governor  of  Ky.  : 

Washington,  AprillS,  1861. 
To  His  Excellency,  Hon.  Beriah  Magof- 
fin, Governor  of  Kentucky  : 

Call  is  made  on  you  by  to-night's  mail 
for  four  regiments  of  militia  for  immedi- 
ate service.  SIMON  CAMERON, 

Secretary  of  War. 

Frankfort,  April  15,  1861. 
Hon.  Simon  Cameron,  Secretary  of  War, 
Washington  City  : 

Your  despatch  is  reviewed.  In  answer, 
I  say,  emphaticalli/,  Kentucky  will  furnish 
no  troops  for  the  wicked  purpose  of  sub- 
duing her  sister  Southern  States. 

Yours,    B.  MAGOFFIN. 

Governor  of  Ky. 

April  17— Speech  of  John  J.  Crittenden 
at  Lexington,  to  a  large  audience.  He 
appeals  to  Kentucky  to  take  no  part  in 
the  fratricidal  war  impending  between  the 
North  and  the  South,  but  to  stand  firm  in 
the  attitude  of  a  peaceful  mediator,  remon- 
strating with  both  sections  against  involv- 
ing the  nation  in  civil  war,  the  fatal 
consequences  of  which  no  wisdom  nor 
foresight  could  foretell.  His  advice  was — 
not  to  be  forced  into  civil  strife  for  the 
North,  nor  dragged  into  it  for  the  South — 
to  take  no  part  with  either.  Kentucky 
had  done  nothing  to  bring  the  war  about ; 
she  hnd  not  invited  it,  it  was  against  her 
interest,  she  should  do  nothing  to  promote 
it;  but  by  all  the  moral  force  of  her  posi- 
tion, should  bravely  hold  on  to  the  flag  of 
the  Union,  and  under  its  broad  folds  ex- 
tend the  hand  of  conciliation  to  both. 

April  18— The  "Union  state  central 
committee** — i.  e.,  John  H.  Harney,  Geo. 
D.  Prentice,  Chas.  Ripley,  Phil.  Tompert, 
Nat.  ^Volfe,  Wm.  F.  Bullock,  Jas.  Speed, 
Wm.  P.  Boone,  Ham.  Pope,  and  Lewis  E. 
Harvie — in  an  '*  Address  to  the  people  of 
the  Commonwealth,"  say  : 

"  Kentucky,  through  her  Executive,  has 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKy. 


1861. 


describes  as  '  Combinations  too  powerful  to 
be  suppressed  in  tiie  ordinary  way,'  &c.] 
She  has  refused  to  comply  with  it.  And 
in  this  refusal  she  has  acted  as  became 
her.  We  approve  the  response  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive of  the  Commonwealth.  One  other 
appeal  now  demands  a  response  from  Ken- 
tuclsy.  The  Government  of  the  Union  has 
appealed  to  her  to  furnish  men  to  suppress 
the  revolutionary  combinations  in  the  cot- 
ton states.  She  has  refused.  She  has 
most  wisely  and  justly  refused.  Seditious 
leaders  in  the  midst  of  us  now  appeal  to 
her  to  furnish  men  to  uphold  those  combi- 
nations against  the  Government  of  the 
Union.  Will  she  comply  with  this  appeal  ? 
Ought  she  to  comply  with  it  ?     We  answer, 

with  emphasis,  NO  1 She  ought  clearly 

to  comply  with  neither  the  one  appeal  nor 
the  other.  And,  if  she  be  not  smitten 
with  judicial  blindness,  she  will  not.  The 
present  duty  of  Kentucky  is  to  maintain 
her  present  independent  position — tailing 
sides  not  with  the  Government  and  not 
with  the  seceding  states,  but  with  the 
Union  against  them  both  ;  declaring  her 
soil  to  be  sacred  from  the  hostile  tread  of 
either,  and,  if  necessary,  making  the  decla- 
ration good  with  her  strong  right  arm. 
And — to  the  end  that  she  may  be  fully 
prepared  for  this  last  contingency  and  all 
other  possible  contingencies— we  would 
have  her  arm  herself  lUrouyhly  at  the  ear- 
liest practicable  moment. 

"  What  the  future  duty  of  Kentucky  may 
be,  we  of  course  cannot  with  certainty 
foresee;  but  if  the  enterprise  announced 
in  the  proclamation  of  the  President  should 
at  any  time  hereafter  assume  the  aspect  of 
a  war  for  the  overrunning  and  subjugation 
of  the  seceding  states— through  the  full  as- 
sertion therein  of  the  national  jurisdiction 
by  a  standing  military  force — we  do  not 
hesitate  to  say  that  Kentucky  should 
promptly  unsheath  her  sword  in  behalf  of 
what  will  then  have  become  the  common 
cause.  Such  an  event,  if  it  should  occur — 
of  which,  we  confess,  there  does  not  ap- 
pear to  us  to  be  a  rational  probability — 
could  have  but  one  meaning  ;  a  meaning 
which  a  people  jealous  of  their  liberty 
would  be  keen  to  detect,  and  which  a  peo- 
ple worthy  of  liberty  would  be  prompt  and 
fearless  to  resist.  When  Kentucky  de- 
tects this  meaning  in  the  action  of  the  gov- 
ernment, she  ought — without  counting  the 
cost — to  take  up  arms  at  once  ngainst  the 
government.  Until  she  does  detect  this 
meaning,  she  ought  to  hold  herself  independ- 
ent of  both  sides,  and  compel  both  sides  to 
respect  the  inviolability  of  her  soil." 

April  18— Union  meeting  at  Louisville, 
addressed  by  James  Guthrie,  Archibald 
■  Dixon,  Wm.  F.  Bullock,  and  John  Young 
Brown — in  favor  of  Kentucky  occupying 
a  mediatorial  position  in  the  present  con- 
test; opposing  the  call  of  the  President 
for  volunteers  for  the  purposes  of  coercion 
or  the  raising  of  troops  for  the  Confed 
eracy ;  asserting  that  secession  was  n( 
remedy  for  the  pending  evils,  and  tha 
Kentucky  would  not  take  part  with  eithe: 


side — at  the  same  time  declaring  her  soil 
sacred  against  the  hostile  tread  of  either. 
Resolutions  were  adopted  that  the  Confed- 
erate States  having  commenced  the  ifar, 
Kentucky  assumed  the  right  to  choose  her 
position,  and  that  she  would  be  loyal  un- 
til the  Government  became  the  aggressor. 
April  20 — A  large  meeting  at  Paris  con- 
demns the  conduct  of  the  Administration, 
and  approves  that  of  Gov.  Magoffin. 

April  22 — Capt.  Joe  Desha,  with  a  com- 
pany of  over  100  men,  leaves  Harrison 
county  for  the  Confederacy.  Other  com- 
panies leave,  from  other  parts  of  the  state. 
April  22— Hon.  L.  P.  Walker,  Secretary 
of  War  of  the  Confederate  States,  requests 
Gov.  Magoffin  "  to  furnish  one  regiment 
of  infantry,  without  delay,  to  rendezvous 
at  Harper's  Ferry,  Virginia."  Gov.  M. 
"  promptly,  and  in  the  fewest  words,  de- 
clined to  comply  with  the  request." 

April  2.3 — Louisville  city  council  appro- 
priates $50,000  to  arm  the  city  and  place 
its  citizens  in  a  defensible  position  ;  sub- 
sequently, the  amount  was  increased  to 
$200,000,  subject  to  a  vote  of  the  people. 

April  25— Gov.  Magoffin  applies  to  the 
banks  of  issue  for  temporary  loans,  to  pay 
for  arms  contracted  for  or  ordered  ;  there 
is  placed  to  his  official  credit,  by  the 
Southern  Bank  of  Ky.  $60,000,  by  the 
Bank  of  Louisville  and  Commercial  Bank 
each  $10,000,  and  the  People's  Bank  is 
ready  with  its  quota.  The  other  banks 
declined  his  application.  The  Bank  of 
Kentucky  agreed  to  fun 
vided  the  money  be  used  ( 
the  state  for  self-defense  and  pn 
to  prevent  aggression  or  invasion  from 
either  the  North  or  the  South,  and  to  pro- 
tect the  present  status  of  Kentucky  in  the 
Union." 

April  26— President  Lincoln,  in  a  con- 
versation in  Washington  city  with  Hon. 
Garret  Davis,  of  Paris,  Ky.,  states  dis- 
tinctly that  he  would  make  no  military 
movement  upon  any  state  or  section  that 
did  not  offer  armed  resistance  to  the  .au- 
thorities of  the  United  States,  or  the  exe- 
cution of  the  laws  of  congress  ;  that  he 
contemplated  no  military  operations  that 
would  require  him  to  march  troops  into  or 
across  Kentucky,  and  therefore  he  should 
not  attempt  it ;  that  if  Kentucky,  or  her 
people,  should  seize  upon  the  U.  S.  post  at 
Newport,  it  would  be  his  duty,  and  he 
might  attempt,  to  retake  it;  that  it  was 
the  duty  of  Kentucky  to  have  furnished 
he  quota  of  troops  for  which  he  made  the 
equisition  upon  her,  but  that  he  had 
right  nor  disposition  to  co- 


lish  her  quota,  pro- 
iIy"fo, 


nd  if  she   made 


apon 


r  own  government  of  the  United  States, 

would  make  no  war  upon  her. 

April  27 — President  Lincoln  tells  Hon. 
Warner  L.  Underwood,  of  Ky.,  that  "he 
hoped  Ky.  would  stand  by  the  Govern- 
ment, in  the  present  difficulties;  but,  if 
she  would  not  do  that,  let  her  stand  still 
and  take  no  hostile  part  against  it ;  and 
th.at  no  hostile  step  should  tread  her  soil." 

President  Lincoln  had  previously,  in  his 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


inaugural  address,  March  4,  1861,  said: 
"  I  declare  that  I  have  no  purpose,  di- 
rectly or  indirectly,  to  interfere  with  the 
institution  of  slavery  in  the  states  where 
it  exists.  I  believe  I  have  no  lawful  right 
to  do  so  ;  and  I  have  no  inclination  to  do 
so.  Those  who  nominated  and  elected  me 
did  so  with  the  full  knowledge  that  I  had 
made  this  and  many  similar  declarations, 
and  had  never  recanted  them.  And,  more 
than  this,  they  placed  in  the  platform  for 
my  acceptance— as  a  law  to  themselves  and 
to  me — the  clear  and  emphatic  resolution 
which  I  now  read  : 

"  '  Resolved,  Th.at  the  maintenance  in- 
violate of  the  rights  of  the  States— and 
especially  the  right  of  each  State  to  order 
and  control  its  own  domestic  institutions 
according  to  its  own  judgment  exclusively 
• — is  essential  to  the  balance  of  power  on 
which  the  perfection  and  endurance  of  our 
political  fabric  depend  ;  and  we  denounce 
the  lawless  invasion,  by  an  armed  force, 
of  the  Government  of  any  State  or  Terri- 
tory,   no    matter   under  what  pretext,  as 

April  29— Southern  Rights'  ticket  for 
delegates  to  the  Border  State  convention 
withdrawn,  by  order  of  the  State  central 

April  30— Death  at  Jacksonville,  Illi- 
nois, aged  79,  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Logan 
Clay,  widow  of  Rev.  Porter  Clay,  a  brother 
of  the  great  statesman  Henry  Clay.  She 
was  a  daughter  of  a  leading  Ky.  pioneer. 
Gen.  Ben.  Logan  ;  her  first  husband  w.as 
Gen.  Martin  D.  Hardin,  U.  S.  senator  from 
Kv.  in  1816-17;  and  one  of  her  sons  was 
the  gaUant  Col.  John  J.  Hardin,  of  an 
Illinois  regiment,  who  fell  at  Buena  Vista. 

May  1 — Railroad  trains  from  Nashville 
to  Louisville  crowded  to  overflowing  with 
people  going  North. 

May  1 — Gov.  MagofBn  having  asked  the 
governors  of  Indiana  and  Ohio  to  "co- 
operate with  him  in  a  propositon  to  the 
government  at  Washington  for  peace,  by 
the  border  states,  as  mediator  between  the 
contending  parties  ;*'  and  further — through 
Col.  Thos.  L.  Crittenden  as  his  representa- 


^toCii 


et  the 


having  "solicited  their  co-operation  in  an 
effort  to  bring  about  a  truce  between  the 
general  government  and  the  seceded  states, 
until  the  meeting  of  congress  in  extraor^- 
nary  session,  in  the  hope  that  the  action 
of  that  body  may  point  out  the  way  to  a 
peaceful  solution  of  our  national  troubles  ;  " 
Gov.  Wm.  Dennison,  of  Ohio,  replies  that. 


■the 


aeral 


wholly  in  the  right,  he  can  see  no  reason 
for  the  interposition  suggested;  any  other 
peaceful  solution  is  impossible,  than  the 
return  of  the  seceded  states  to  their  allegi- 
ance to  the  government  of  the  Union  ;  a 
truce  would  only  aggravate  the  impending 
evils."  Gov.  0.  P.  Morton,  of  Indiana, 
replies  that  he  does  "not  recognize  the  right 
of  any  state  to  act  as  mediator  between 
the  federal  government  and  a  rebelli<nis 
state  ;  he  declines  the  co-operation  sought 
for,   believing    the   action   of    the    federal 


government  strictly  in  accordance  with  the 
constitution  and  the  law  of  the  land ;  ho 
believes  Kentucky  bound  to  obey  the 
requisitions  of  the  president,  and  invokes 
her  to  take  her  stand  with  Indiana,  on 
the  side  of  the  Union." 


for  delegates  to 
m:  "Union" 
1,  Ja 


May  4 — Special  electioi 
the  Border  State  conven 
ticket— John  J.  Crittenden,  James  Guth 
rie,  R.  K.  Williams,  Archie  Dixon,  Francis 
M.  Bristow,  Joshua  F.  Bell,  Chas.  A. 
Wickliffe,  Geo.  W.  Dunlap,  Chas.  S.  More- 
head,  Jas.  F.  Robinson,  John  B.  Huston, 
Robert  Richardson — elected,  without  op- 
position, receiving  107,334  votes  in  105 
counties.  No  returns  from  five  counties, 
Ballard,  Hickman,  Marshall,  Simpson,  and 
Woodford. 

May  6 — Legislature  in  called  session, 
until  May  24,  when  it  adjourns  sine  die— 
having  fixed  the  first  Monday  in  Septem- 
ber as  the  day  of  meeting  for  the  next  leg- 
islature, to  be  chosen  in  August. 

Gov.  Magoffin's  message  "  renews  tha 
recommendation  of  a  previous  message, 
for  the  passage  of  a  law  providing  for  the 
submission  to  the  people  of  the  question 
of  a  convention,  and  the  election  of  dele- 
gates ;  "  says  "  the  very  homes  and  fire- 
sides of  our  people  are  unprotected  ag.ainst 
invasion  from  without  or  servile  insurrec- 
tion within  ;"  the  people  appeal  for  arms  ; 
he  recommends  the  necessary  measures  to 
place  the  commonwealth  in  a  condition  of 
military  defense. 

May  8  to  18— Petitions  pour  in  to  the 
legislature,  daily,  from  the  "  Mothers, 
AVives,  Sisters,  Daughters  of  Kentucky," 
praying  to  "  guard  them  from  the  direful  ca- 
lamity of  civil  war,  by  allowing  Kentucky 
to  maintain  inviolate  her  armed  neutrality  ;" 
from  the  counties  of  Bracken  (241),  Larue 
(143%  Clark,  Pendleton,  Nelson,  Boyle, 
Bourbon,  Bath,  Mason,  Campbell,  Fayette, 
Woodford,  Lincoln,  Kenton,  Anderson, 
Muhlenburg,  Nicholas,  Warren,  Mercer, 
Rockcastle,  G.arrard,  Whitley,  Knox,  Lau- 
rel, Breckinridge,  Adair,  Graves,  Henry, 
Grant,  Fleming,  and  McLean  ;  and  from 
the  cities  and  towns  of  Louisville,  Lexing- 
ton, Covington,  Maysville,  Elizabethtown, 
Frankfort,  Flemingsburg,  Nicholasville, 
Hustonville,  Harrodsburg,  and  Princeton. 

May  10 — Gov.  Mogofiin,  in  reply  to  a 
request  of  the  legislature  therefor,  in  a 
special  message  promptly  furnishes  the 
details  of  his  efforts  to  borrow  money  and 
therewith  purchase  arms  and  military  sup- 
jdies  for  the  state,  the  kind  of  arms  ob- 
tained, and  the  contracts  made;  allude^ 
to  the  efforts  of  the  Louisville  city  council 
to  purch.ase  arms  for  defense  of  that  city  ; 
says  the  Confederate  States  have  made  no 
roqjiisit.ion  upon  Ky.  for  troops,  nor  has  ho 
bad  any  ofiieial  correspondence  with  the 
Confederate  States'  president  or  govern- 
ment. 

May  10— At  an  informal  conference  of 
leading  men  of  both  the  Bell  and  Douglas 
parties,  John  J.  Crittenden,  Archibald 
Dixon  and  Samuel  S.  Nicholas  were  se- 
lected as  representatives  of  those  parties. 


90 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1861. 


to  negotiate  with  three  representative  men 
of  the  Brecliinridge  party  whom  they  se- 
lected and  proposed — Gov.  Beriah  Ma- 
goSBn,  John  0.  Breckinridge,  and  Richard 
Hawes — and  who  should  first  be  recognized 
by  that  party.     It  was  believed  that  those 


persons  wc 


,ild  be  authorized — by  the 


members  of  those  parti 
the'  legislature,  then  in  session — to  de- 
vise an  adjustment  that  all  would  combine 
to  make  the  united  action  of  the  state,  in 
the  then  alarming  condition  of  the  coun- 
try. Those  men  promptly  and  cheerfully 
left  their  homes  and  repaired  to  Frankfort, 
anxious  if  possible  to  avert  the  threatened 
civil  war  and  preserve  the  peace  of  the 
state,  if  not  of  the  country.  In  the  even- 
ing of  the  day  they  arrived,  a  caucus  of 
the  Breckinridge  members  of  the  legisla- 
ture was  held  in  the  representative  hall, 
and  a  similar  one  of  the  members  of  the 
united  Bell  and  Douglas  (who  called  them- 
selves the  "  Union  ")  parties  in  the  senate 
chamber — each  eagerly  consenting  to  the 
mode  of  arbitrament  proposed,  and  agree- 
ing (the  former,  at  least,  unnnimomly)  to 
abide  by,  and  carry  out  by  legislative 
action,  whatever  the  Six  "  arbitrators  " 
should  agree  in  recommending. 

Next  morning  the  Six  met  in  conference. 
The  first  distinct  proposition  was  made  by 
the  three  Breckinridge  Democrats — that 
the  legislature  should  call  a  state  conven- 
tion, as  representing  the  sovereignty  of 
the  people,  to  determine  what  should  be 
done.  This  was  positively  and  earnestly 
resisted,  and  after  free  interchange  of 
opinions  rejected. 

The  second  leading  proposition  was — 
that  the  state  of  Kentucky  should  not 
take  part  either  with  the  federal  govern- 
ment or  with  the  seceded  states,  in  the 
conflict  then  impending  ;  but  should  oc- 
cupy a  position  of  armed  neutrality,  for- 
bidding .and  resisting  the  entrance  of  either 
upon  her  territory.  This  was  unanimously 
adopted. 

The  remaining  subject  of  consideration, 
of  long  and  serious  consideration  and  dis- 
cussion, was  the  raising,  arming,  organiz- 
ing and  equipping  the  military  forces  of 
the  stale.  The  Union  party,  it  was  said, 
would  not  consent  to  leave  this  extraordi- 
nary power  and  discretion  in  the  hands  of 
Gov.  Magofiin.  It  was  ultimately  agreed 
to  entrust  it  to  a  board  of  five  persons,  to 
be  estnblished  by  act  of  the  legislature; 
Gen.  Simon  B.  Buckner  to  be  one,  and  the 
others  to  be  selected,  two  each,  by  the 
high  contracting  or  arbitrating  parties  re- 
spectively. The  Breckinridge  Democrats 
designated  Gov.  Magoffin,  and  Geo.  W. 
Johnson,  of  Scott  c.unty ;  and  Messrs. 
Crittenden.  Dixon  and  Nicholas  fixed  upon 
Archibald  Dixon  and  Samuel  Gill,  the  latter 
the  superintendent  of  the  Louisville  and 
Lexington  railroad. 

This  consultation  was  protracted  until 
10  or  11  o'clock,  at  night.  The  legislature 
had  adjourned  at  an  early  hour  in  the  day, 
and  the  members  were,  e\'en  at  that  late 
hour,  assembled  in  caucus  and  anxiously 


awaiting  the  result  of  the  reference.  Mr. 
Ilawes  was  deputed  to  communicate  it  to 
the  caucus  of  Breckinridge  Democrats,  and 
Judge  Nicholas  to  that  of  the  two  Union 
parties.  The  mission  of  Mr.  Hawes  was 
immediately  successful ;  his  Democratic 
friends,  after  a  short  discussion,  unani- 
mously ratified  the  entire  action  of  the 
Committee  of  Six,  and  resolved  to  abide 
by  and  carry  out  the  agreement.  Judge 
Nicholas  was  not  so  fortunate  ;  he  returned 
at  a  late  hour  of  the  night,  and  reported 
that  he  met  with  strong  opposition,  chiefly 
confined  to  the  name  of  Gov.  Magoffin  as 
one  of  the  board  of  commissioners.  He 
requested  the  arbitrators  to  convene,  so  as 
if  possible  to  substitute  an  acceptable 
name. 

They  met  accordingly,  next  day,  and 
discussed  the  point  of  embarrassment. 
Gov.  Magoffin  declining  to  stand  in  the 
way  of  any  adjustment,  Gustavus  W. 
Smith  w.as  named  in  his  stead.  The  Dem- 
ocrats in  caucus,  not  a  little  excited  and 
indignant  at  the  breach  fif  the  agreement 
by  the  Union  caucus,  ultimately  agreed 
unanimously  to  the  report  of  Mr.  Hawes 
.and  pledged  themselves  to  carry  it  nut. 
The  Union  members  in  caucus  in  the  sen- 
ate chamber  discussed  the  report,  it  is 
supposed  in  no  very  amiable  mood,  until 
long  after  midnight.  Judge  Nicholas,  at 
an  early  hour  next  morning,  called  upon 
the  Breckinridge  arbitrators,  expressed 
himself  as  deeply  mortified  that  the  caucus 
of  his  party  could  not  agree  to  carry  out 
the  .award^adding,  with  much  chagrin, 
that  he  would  wash  his  hands  of  the  whole 
business,  and  leave  on  the  morning  train 
for  his  home  in  Louisville,  which  he  did. 

May  14 — House  of  representatives,  by 
47  to  4.'?,  passes  a  bill  authorizing  the  Har- 
rison county  court  to  borrow  $20,000,  for 
the  purchase  of  fire  arms,  sabres,  cannon, 
or  other  implements  and  equipments  of 
war  for  the  use  of  the  county.  May  18, 
the  senate  rejected  the  bill,  yeas  10,nays  15. 

May  15 — A  regiment  of  troops  from  Ky., 
under  Col.  Blanton  Duncan,  now  at  Har- 
per's Ferry,  Virginia,  in  the  Confederate 

May  16 — In  the  house  of  representa- 
tives, the  report  of  the  committe  on  fed- 
eral relations — Geo.  B.  Hodge,  chairman, 
Curtis  F.  Burnam,  Nat.  Wolfe,  John  G. 
Carlisle,  Jas.  B.  Lyne,  A.  F.  Gowdy, 
Richard  T.  Jacob,  and  Richard  A.  Buck- 
ner, jr. — was  adopted  as  follows  : 

"  Considering  the  deplorable  condition 
of  the  country,  and  for  which  the  state  of 
Kentucky  is  in  no  way  responsible,  and 
looking  to  the  best  means  of  preserving 
the  internal  peace,  and  securing  the  lives, 
liberty  and  property  of  the  citizens  of  the 
state  ;  therefore, 

"  Resolved  by  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, That  this  state  and  the  citizens 
thereof  should  take  no  part  in  the  civil 
war  now  being  waged,  except  as  mediators 
and  friends  to  the  belligerent  parties  ;  and 
that  Kentucky  should,  during  the  contest, 
occupy  the  position  of  strict  neutrality. 


1861. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


91 


"Resolved,  That  the  act  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, in  refusing  to  furnish  troops  or  mil- 
itary force  upon  the  call  of  the  executive 
authority  of  the  United  States,  under  ex- 
isting circumstances,  is  approved." 

The  preamble  was  adopted  by  yeas  82, 
nays  none  ;  the  first  resolution,  by  yeas 
69,  nays  26;  the  second  resolution,  by 
yeas  89,  nays  4  (Thos.  H.  Clay,  Geo.  A. 
Houghton,  Joshua  Tevis,  and  H.  S.  Tyc). 

May  18— Lieut.  Wm.  Nelson,  U.  S. 
navy,  procures  at  Washington  city  5,000 
muskets  and  bayonets,  with  a  supply  of 
cartridges  and  caps,  to  be  shipped  to  Cin- 
cinnati, for  distribution  to  the  **  home 
guards  "  and  Union  men  of  Kentucky — 
"  requiring  that  every  man  to  whom  a  gun 
was  delivered  should  pay  $1  for  it,"  to  re- 
imburse "the  price  of  transportation,  and 
some  other  charges  and  expenses."  Hon. 
Garret  Davis  "  has  ordered  to  be  distrib- 
uted to  Mason  and  Fleming  and  the 
counties  backing  thera,  according  to  his 
recollection,  about  1,500  stand  ;  to  Boyd 
200,  to  Greenup  200,  to  Montgomery  100, 
to  Bath  100,  to  Clark  100,  to  Madison  100, 
to  Fayette  200,  to  Scott  200,  to  Bourbon 
300,  and  to  the  city  of  Covington  500  ;" 
he  says  "  these  arms  are  intended  for  true, 
faithful  and  reliable  Union  men." 

May  20— Proclamation  of  Gov.  Magoffin, 
in  favor  of  armed  neutrality,  and  "  noti- 
fying and  warning  all  other  states,  whether 
separate  or  united,  and  especially  the 
'  United  States '  and  the  '  Confederate 
States,'  that  I  solemnly  forbid  any  move- 
ment upon  the  soil  of  Kentucky,  or  the  oc- 
cupation of  any  port,  post,  or  place  whatever 
within  the  lawful  boundary  and  jurisdiction 
of  this  state,  by  any  of  the  forces  under  the 
orders  of  the  states  aforesaid,  for  any  pur- 
pose whatever — until  authorized  by  invita- 
tion or  permission  of  the  legislative  and 
executive  authorities  of  this  state  previ- 
ously granted." 

May  21 — In  the  house  of  representa- 
tives, Wm.  W.  Cleary  moved  an  investi- 
gation "  as  to  the  arms  brought  into  this 
state  without  authority  of  the  laws  there- 
of," &c.  Nat.  Wolfe  moved  to  amend  so 
as  to  require  the  same  committee  to  report 
about  the  "  Knights  of  the  Golden  Circle." 
Referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  rela- 
tions, only  three  days  before  adjournment, 
and  too  late  for  investigation  and  report. 

May  24 — Legislature  suspends  all  the 
courts  in  the  state,  except  for  the  trial  of 
criminal  and  penal  causes — by  repealing 
the  laws  establishing  them— until  Jan.   1, 

1862 Provides  for  arming  the  state, 

under  the  care  and  control  of  a  board  of  5 
commissioners,  Gov.  Magoffin,  Samuel  Gill, 
Geo.  T.  Wood,  Gen.  Peter  Dudley,  and  Dr. 
.John  B.  Peyton — who  are  authorized  to 
borrow,  from  (he  banks  of  issue  in  this 
state,  $1,060,000,  for  10  years  at  six  per 
cent;  $760,000  for  arms  and  accoutrements, 
equally  distributed  between  the  State 
Guard  and  such  Home  Guards  as  may  be 
organized  for  home  and  local  defense  ex- 
clusively (which  latter  shall  not  be  called 
into  the  service  of  the  state ;)  powder  mills 


may  be  erected ;  the  state  arsenal  to  be 
controlled  by  the  board  ;  the  Active  Mi- 
litia (State  Guard)  to  be  trained  in  camps; 
neither  the  anna  nor  the  militia  are  to  be  used 
"  againet  the  Government  of  the  United 
StateSf  nor  against  the  Confederate  States, 
unless  in  protecting  our  soil  from  unlawful 
invasion — it  being  the  intention  alone  that 
said  arms  and  munitions  of  war  are  to  be 
used  for  the  sole  defense  of  the  state  of  Ken- 
tucky,''  Banks    may    suspend   specie 

payments,  without  forfeiture  of  charter. 

iSesides  the  names  finally  selected  as  the 
board  of  commissioners,  the  following  were 
proposed  and  passed  over:  Gen.  Simon 
B.  Buckner,  Col.  Thos.  L.  Crittenden, 
James  Speed,  AVarner  L.  Underwood, 
Abraham  Buford,  and  Harry  I.  Todd. 

May  24— The  Governor  appoints,  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate, 
Simon  B.  Buckner  inspector-general,  Scott 
Brown  adjutant-general,  and  M.  D.  West 
quartermaster-general. 

May  24— Within  half  an  hour  of  finnl 
adjournment,  when  too  late  to  have  action 
upon  them  in  the  house  of  representatives, 
the  senate,  by  13  to  9,  adopted  a  preamble 
and  resolutions  offered  by  John  B.  Bruner 
— in  brief,  that  "  being  connected  with  the 
seceded  states  geographically,  and  having 
the  same  domestic  institution,  Kentucky 
is  unwilling  to  take  up  arms  against  them  ; 
being  attached  to  the  national  government 
under  which  she  has  always  lived  and 
greatly  prospered,  and  having  no  cause  for 
war  against  it,  she  cannot  take  up  arms  to 
overthrow  it;  having  in  good  faith  taken 
this  position,  she  asks  the  belligerents  to  ' 
respect  it;"  and  "with  this  position,  she 
is  willing  to  go  before  the  civilized  world, 
and  let  her  conduct  pass  into  history  and 
await  the  candid  and  calm  judgment  of 
future  and  disinterested  generations ;" 
therefore 

"  Resolved,  That  Kentucky  will  not 
sever  her  connection  with  the  national  gov- 
ernment, nor  will  she  take  up  arms  for 
either  of  the  belligerent  parties;  but  will 
arm  herself  for  the  one  purpose  of  pre- 
serving tranquillity  and  peace  within  her 
own  borders." 

Other  resolutions  tendered  "medi.ntion 
to  bring  about  a  just  and  honorable  peace," 
and  directed  the  governor  to  transmit  a 
copy  of  the  preamble  and  resolutions  to 
the  presidents  of  the  United  States  and  of 
the  seceded  States,  and  to  the  governors 
of  all  the  states. 

May  27  to  June  3— Border  slave  state 
convention  in  session  at  Frankfort;  com- 
posed of  12  delegates  from  Ky.  (already 
mentioned  as  elected  on  May  6),  4  from 
Missouri — Hamilton  R.  Gamble,  Wm.  A. 
Hall,  John  B.  Henderson,  and  Wm.  G. 
Pomeroy — and  one  from  Tennessee,  John 
Caldwell;  John  J.  Crittenden,  president. 
They  issue  an  address  "  To  the  people  of 
the  United  States  ;"  and  the  Ky.  delegates 
another  "To  the  people  of  Kentucky." 
Chas.  S.  Morehead,  in  a  note  to  the  lat- 
ter, approves  of  the  policy  indicated — of  re- 
fusing to  furnish  troops  to  the  general  gov- 


92 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


ernment  to  proseouto  the  civil  war  now 
going  on,  and  tlie  policy  of  neutrality — 
but  does  not  commit  himself  to  all  that  is 
said  upon  other  matters. 

June  13 — Harrodsburg  springs,  recently 
used  by  the  U.  S.  government  as  the  West- 
ern Military  Asylum,  sold  at  auction  for 
$120,000  to  Capt.  Thompson  as  agent  for 
a  company  of  gentlemen  who  design  re- 
opening it  as  a  watering  place.  Two  years 
ago  the  property  was  offered  for  $27,500, 
without  finding  a  purchaser. 

June  13— Death  of  Daniel  Vertner,  at 
Lexington,  aged  92  ;  he  voted  for  Wash- 
ington, and  at  every  presidential  election 

June  20 — Special  election  for  members 
of  congress  :  1.  Henry  C.  Burnett  (States- 
Eights)  8,988,  Lawrence  S.  Trimble  (Un- 
ion) 6,225— maj.  2,763;  2.  Jas.  S.  Jack- 
son 9,271,  John  T.  Bunch  3,368— maj. 
5,903;  3.  Henry  Grider  10,392,  Jos.  H. 
Lewis  3,113— maj.  7,279  ;  4.  Aaron  Hard- 
ing 10,.S44,  Albert  G.  T.ilbott  2,469— maj. 
7,875  ;  5.  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe  8,217,  Gen. 
Read  2,719— maj.  5,498;  6.  Geo.W.  Dun- 
lap  8,181,  scattering  229  ;  7.  Robert  Mal- 
lory  11,035,  Horatio  W.  Bruce  2,862— maj. 
8,173  ;  8.  John  J.  Crittenden  8,272,  Wm. 
E.  Simms  5,706— maj.  2,566  ;  9.  Wm, 
Wadsworth  12,230,  John  S.  Willi 
3,720— maj.  8,510;  10.  (Except  Boone 
John  W.  Menzies  8,373;  Overton 
Hogan  4,526— maj.  3,847.  Union  cai 
dates  elected  except  in  1st  district.  Total 
Union  majority  54,760. 

June  24 — Surveyor  of  port  of  Louisville 
prohibits  shipments  over  Louisville  and 
Nashville  railroad,  without  "  permits  " 
from  his  office. 

Inspector-general  S.  B.  Buckner  orders 
six  companies  State  Guards,  under  Col. 
Lloyd  Tilghman,  to  Columbus,  Ky.,  to 
preserve  the  neutrality  of  the  state  in  that 
neighborhood.  Col.  T.  resigns,  and  is 
succeeded  by  Col.  Ben.  Hardin  Helm. 

July  3— A  brilliant  comet  visible  in  the 
heavens,  from  dark  till  10  p.  M.  J.  R. 
Hinde,  the  English  astronomer,  thinks  it 
prob.able  that  on  June  30th,  the  earth 
passed  through  the  tail  of  the  comet,  at  a 
distance  of  perhaps  ?^ds  of  its  length 
from  the  nucleus.  He  observed,  on  that 
evening,  a  peculiar  illumination  of  the  sky, 
which  he  attributes  to  the  comet's  tail. 
The  comet  of  1770  came  within  1,500,000 
miles  of  the  earth,  the  nearest  approach 
positively  known. 

July  4 — Inauguration  of  the  Henry 
Clay  monument,  recently  completed  at 
Lexington. 

July  10 — In  the  circuit  court  at  Louis- 
ville, in  the  case  of  Brady  &  Davies  vs. 
L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Judge  Muir  decided  thtit 
the  United  States  has  a  right  to  stop  the 
shipment  of  goods  to  the  south. 

L.arge  purchases  of  mules  in  Ky.,  for. 
U.  S.  army  purposes. 

July  15 — At  Camp  Boone,  8  miles  from 
ClarksviUe,  Tennessee,  several  regiments 
of  Kentuckians  are  volunteering,  for  the 
Confederate  army. 


At  camp  Clay,  opposite  Newport,  and  at 
camp  Joe  Holt,  opposite  Louisville,  four 
"  Kentucky  "  regiments  are  volunteering 
for  the  U.  S.  army  ;  probably  one-third 
of  them  are  recruited  elsewhere,  and  arc 
not  Kentuckians. 

July  22— In  the  house  of  representa- 
tives of  congress,  John  J.  Crittenden,  of 
Ky.,  offered  the  following  resolution,  which 
was  adopted,  part  of  it  by  121  yeas  to  2 
nays,  and  the  balance  by  117  yeas  to  2 
nays  [Henry  C.  Burnett,  of  Ky.,  and  John 
W.  Reid,  of  Mo.]  : 

t  the  presci 

i  the  country 
nists  of  the  S'outhern  States, 
against   the    constitutional 


governmen 
ital ;  that  i 


thii 


round  the 
uergency. 


gress — banishing  all  feelii 
sion  or  resentment — will  recollect  only  its 
duty  to  the  whole  country  ;  that  this  war 
is  not  waged  on  their  part  in  any  spirit 
of  oppression,  or  for  any  purpose  of  con- 
quest or  subjugation,  or  purpose  of  over- 
throwing or  interfering  with  the  rights  or 
established  institutions  of  those  states,  but 
to  defend  and  maintain  the  supremncij  o£ 
the  constitution,  and  to  preserve  the  Union 
with  all  the  dignity,  equality  and  rights 
of  the  several  states  unimpaired ;  and 
that  as  soon  as  these  objects  are  accom- 
plished the  war  ought  to  cease." 

A  few  days  later,  in  the  U.  S.  senate, 
Andrew  Johnson,  of  Tennessee,  offered  a 
resolution  to  the  same  purport  and  almost 
identical  in  language — which  was  passed 
by  yeas  30,  nays  5.  [John  C.  Breckin- 
ridge and  Lazarus  W.  Powell,  of  Ky., 
Lyman  Trumbull,  of  III.,  and  Trusten 
Polk  and  W.  P.  Johnson,  of  Missouri.] 

Aug.  5 — To  the  house  of  representatives 
76  Union  and  24  states  rights  men  elected  ; 
to  the  senate,  including  those  who  hold 
over,  27  Union  and  11  states  rights  men. 

Aug.— Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  Nelson  estab- 
lishes camp  Dick  Robinson,  in  Garrard 
county,  where  companies  of  Federal  sol- 
diers from  north-eastern,  central,  and 
central-southern  Ky.  are  concentrated  into 
regiments — all  in  violation  of  the  neu- 
trality of  the  st.ate.  Aug.  19,  Gov.  Ma- 
goffin sends  Wm.  A.  Dudley  and  Frank 
K.  Hunt  as  commissioners  to  President 
Lincoln,  to  urge  the  removal  of  this  force 
from  the  limits  of  Ky.  The  President  re- 
plies that  this  force  consists  exclusively 
of  Kentuckians,  in  the  vicinity  of  their 
own  homes,  and  was  raised  at  the  "  urgent 
solicitation  of  many  Kentuckians  ;"  he  de- 
clines to  remove  it.  On  the  same  day,  the 
governor  despatched  Geo.  W.  Johnson  as 
commissioner  to  the  President  of  the  Con- 
federate States,  at  Richmond,  to  elicit  an 
authoritative  assurance  that  that  govern- 
ment will  continue  to  respect  Ky.  neu- 
trality. President  Davis  replied  that  he 
h.ad  respected  it,  and  would  continue  to 
do  it,  "  so  long  as  the  people  of  Ky.  will 
maintain  it  themselves  ;"  "  but  neutrality, 
to  be  entitled  to  respect,  must  be  strictly 
maintained  between  both  parties." 


1861. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Aug.  20— Arvcst,  by  Col.  T.  J.  Oglesby, 
commanding  Federal  forces  at  Cairo,  of 
Messrs.  Watson,  Stoveall,  and  Carter,  cit- 
izens of  Ballard  co.,  Ky. ;  they  are  re- 
leased in  two  days. 

Com.  Rogers,  commanding  3  gun-boats 
at  Cairo,  seizes  the  steamboat  W.  B.Terry, 
belonging  to  three  citizens  of  Paducah 
and  one  of  Mississippi,  and  claims  her  as 
a  prize,  because  she  was  still  running  in 
her  four-years-old  trade  between  Paducah 
and  Eastport  on  the  Tennessee  river. 

Sept.  3— Confederate  troops  from  Ten- 
nessee occujjy  and  fortify  a  strong  posi- 
tion at  lliclunan  and  Columbus,  Ky. 

Sept.  5 — Federal  troops,  by  order  of 
Brig.  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  occupy  Paducah 
and  other  places  in  Ky. 

Sept.  7— U.  S.  flag  hoisted  on  the  capi- 
tol  at  Frankfort,  by  order  of  the  house  of 
representatives,  by  77  to  20. 

Sept.  9 — "  Peace"  convention  at  Frank- 
fort. 

Sept.  9— Major-General  Leonidas  Polk, 
commanding  Confederate  army  at  Colum- 
bus, Ky.,  notifies  Gov.  Magoffin  that  he 
will  withdraw  his  troops  from  Ky.,  pro- 
vided the  Federal  troops  are  simultane- 
ously withdrawn  ;  and  will  guaranty  that 
Confederate  troops  will  remain  out  of  the 
state,  provided  that  Federal  troops  shall 
not  again  be  allowed  to  enter  or  occupy 
any  point  of  Kentucky  in  the  future. 

Sept.  10— States'  Eights  state  conven- 
tion in  session  at  Frankfort,  Kichard 
Hawes,  chairman;  70  counties  represented; 
speeches  by  Wm.  Preston,  Thos.  F.  Mar- 
shall, Robert  W.  Woolley,  Lewis  E.  Har- 
vie,  Edward  C.  Marshall,  and  others ; 
resolutions  adopted  deploring  the  unnatu- 
ral war,  advocating  strict  neutrality,  in 
favor  of  the  dispersion  of  the  Federal  camps 
in  the  state,  and  expressing  readiness, 
when  that  is  done,  to  assist  in  driving  the 
Tennessee  invaders  from  our  shores. 

Sept.  11— The  house,  by  71  to  26,  "Re- 
solves, That  his  excellency.  Gov.  Magof- 
fin, be  instructed  to  inform  those  concerned 
that  Kentucky  expects  the  Confederate  or 
Tennessee  troops  to  be  withdrawn  from 
her  soil,  unconditionally;"  and  then,  by 
29  to  68,  defeats  another  resolution  re- 
questing the  governor  to  demand  the  im- 
mediate withdrawal  of  loth  the  Federal 
and  Confederate  troops  from  the  south- 
western part  of  the  state.  The  senate,  by 
25  to  8,  adopted  the  former  resolution ; 
which  the  governor  vetoed  on  13th,  and 
both  houses  promptly  passed  it  over  the 
veto — thus  bei7ig  driven  from  or  uhandoning 
the  ''  neutralitif  ground'*  hitherto  consist- 
ently occupied.  The  governor  promptly 
issued  his  proclamation,  as  "  instructed," 
strictly. 

Sept.  16— New  Orleans  banks  suspend 
specie  payments.  Ky.  banks  refuse  to 
suspend.  Later,  many  eastern  banks  sus- 
pend specie  payment. 

Sept. — ^The  LegisLature  in  both  branches, 
remarkably  ingenious,  industrious  and  en- 
terprising in  the  paper-i?e«o?M(ion  line  ; 
Resolutions  proposed,  discussed,  amended. 


tabled,  adopted,  of  every  variety — princi- 
pally patriotic,  or  tjttasi  patriotic,  or  stay- 
at-home-and-not-fight  patriotic,  reasonable 
or  unreasonable,  discreet  or  indiscreet, 
well-timed  or  untimely,  amusing  or  sober, 
liberal  or  severe,  magnanimous  or  cruel. 
It  is  the  only  legislature  in  eighty  years 
since  the  formation  of  the  state,  that  de- 
serves to,  and  probably  will,  be  remembered 
in  history  as  the  "  Resolution-Legisla- 
ture I  " 

Sept.  16— Resolution  in  the  house,  to  in- 
quire into  the  expediency  of  establishing 
a  bank  based  upon  the  real  estate  of  the 
commonwealth,  to  be  called  the  People's 
Real  Estate  Bank  of  Kentucky,  with  $5,- 
000,000  capital,  and  a  branch  in  each  con- 
gressional district. 

Sept.  18 — In  consequence  of  the  action 
of  Confederate  generals  Polk  and  ZoUi- 
cofTer,  in  seizing  and  occupying  certain 
strategic  points  in  Kentucky,  the  com- 
mittee on  federal  relations  report  the  fol- 
lowing, in  the  house  of  representatives  : 

"  Whereas,  Kentucky  has  been  invaded 
by  the  forces  of  the  so-called  Confederate 
States,  and  the  commanders  of  the  forces 
so  invading  the  State  have  insolently  pre- 
scribed the  conditions  upon  which  they 
will  withdraw,  thus  insulting  the  dignity 
of  the  State  by  demanding  terms  to  which 
Kentucky  can  not  listen  without  .dishonor; 
therefore, 

"1.  Be  it  resolved  hy  the  General  Asaem- 
bly  of  the  Commonweaith  of  Kentucky,  That 
the  invaders  must  be  expelled  ;  inasmuch 
as  there  are  now  in  Kentucky  Federal 
troops  assembled  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
serving the  tranquility  of  the  Slate,  and 
of  defending  and  protecting  the  people  of 
Kentucky  in  the  peaceful  enjoyment  of 
their  lives  and  property.     It  is — 

"2.  Further  resolved,  That  General  Rob- 
ert Anderson,  a  native  Kentuckian,  who 
has  been  appointed  to  command  of  the  de- 
partment of  Cumberland,  be  requested  to 
take  instant  command,  with  authority  and 
power  from  this  Commonwealth  to  call  out 
a  volunteer  force  in  Kentucky  for  the  pur- 
pose   of    repelling  the  invaders  from  our 

"  3.  Resolved,  That  in  using  the  means 
which  duty  and  honor  require  shall  be 
used  to  expel  the  invaders  from  the  soil  of 
Kentucky,  no  citizen  shall  be  molested  on 

citizen's  property  shall  be  taken  or  confis- 
cated because  of  such  opinions,  nor  shall 
any  slave  be  set  free  by  any  military  com- 
mander, and  that  all  peaceable  citizens  and 
their  families  are  entitled  to,  txnd  shall  re- 
ceive, the  fullest  protection  of  the  govern- 
ment in  the  enjoyment  of  their  lives,  their 
liberties,  and  their  property. 

"  i.  Resolved,  That  his  Excellency,  the 
Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Ken- 
:ky,  be  requested  to  give  all  the  aid  in 
i  power  to  accomplish  the  end  desired  by 
3se  resolutions,  and  that  he  call  out  so 
ich  of  the  military  force  of  the  State 
der  his  command  as  may  be  necessary 
therefor,  and  that  he  place  the  same  un- 


04 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1861 


der  the  command  of  Gen.  Thomas  L. 
Crittenden. 

"  5.  Bcsohed,  That  the  patriotism  of 
every  Kentuckian  is  invoked,  and  is  con- 
fidently relied  upon  to  give  active  aid  in 
the  defense  of  the  Commonwealth." 

The  resolutions  are  adopted  seriatim — 
the  1st  by  73  to  23,  the  2d  by  69  to  27,  3d 
by  93  to  3,  4th  by  72  to  24,  5th,  by  73  to 
23,  and  preamble  by  73  to  23.  The  senate 
adopts  them  by  26  to  9.  Sept.  20,  Gov. 
Magoffin,  in  a  forcible  and  dignified  mes- 
sage, vetoes  them  ;  but  the  house,  by  69  to 
21,  and  the  senate,  by  24  to  10,  immedi- 
ately pass  them  again,  "  the  objections 
of  the  governor  to  the  contrary  notwith- 
standing." The  governor  issues  his  proc- 
lamation, the  same  day,  precisely  as  re- 
quired in  the  resolutions. 

Sept.— Brig.  Gen.  Simon  B.  Buckner, 
in  command  of  a  brigade  of  Confederate 
troops  at  Camp  Boone,  Tenn.,  near  the 
Ky.  line,  soon  moves  up  to  Bowling  Green. 
About  Sept.  15,  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  John- 
ston is  appointed  to  command  of  the  de- 
partment of  the  West,  Confederate  States 

Sept.  18 — U.  S.  post  office  department 
"issues  an  order  that,  as  the  Louisville 
Courier  is  an  advocate  of  treason  and  hos- 
tility to  the  government  and  authority  of 
the  United  States,  it  should  be  excluded 
from  the  mails,  until  further  orders." 
And  on  the  same  day  the  publication  of 
the  paper  is  interdicted. 

Sept.  18— Brig.  Gen.  S.  B.  Buckner,  C. 
S.  A.,  with  Confederate  troops,  occupies 
Bowling  Green  ;  and  issues  a  proclamation 
"To  the  people  of  Kentucky,"  giving  his 
"own  assurance  that  the  force  under  his 
command  will  be  used  to  aid  the  Governor 
of  Kentucky  in  carrying  out  the  'strict 
neutralitij '  desired  by  its  people  whenever 
they  undertake  to  enforce  it  against  the 
two  belligerents  alike."  A  portion  of  his 
forces  come  as  far  as  Elizabethtown. 

Sept.  18 — Confederate  troops  burn  the 
bridge  over  Rolling  Fork,  5  miles  west  of 
Muldrow's  Hill,  on  the  Louisville  and 
Nashville  railroad  ;  and  Union  men  burn 
the  bridge  at  Rollin. 

Sept.  19.— Spirited  skirmish  at  Bar- 
boursville  bridge,  between  Home  Guards 
and  Confederate  troops. 

Sept.  20 — Legislature  adopts  "  Resolu- 
tions providing  for  the  peace  and  quiet  of 
the  citizens,"  which  Gov.  Magoffin,  23d, 
sends  forth  by  proclamation. 

Sept.  21— The  house,  by  88  to  4,  and 
fenate,  by  33  to  1,  pass  an  act  to  borrow 
$300,000  to  "meet  the  current  expenses 
of  the  government,"  but  out  of  it  a  prior 
loan  of  $60,000  to  be  repaid  to  the  Bank 
of  Ky. 

There  are  now  3  camps  in  Tennessee, 
near  the  Ky.  line,  for  enlisting  and  drill- 
ing Kentucky  volunteers  for  the  Confed- 
erate army — Camps  Boone,  Burnett  and 
Breckinridge. 

Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas  supersedes  Lieut. 
Wm.  Nelson  in  the  command  of  Camp  Dick 
Robinson  ;  and  the  latter  establishes  Camp 


Kenton,  in  Mason  county,  3  miles  from 
Maysville,  on  or  near  the  spot  where  Simon 
Kenton's  station  was  erected  in  1785. 
Camps  for  Federal  soldiers  are  established 
at  Falmouth  in  Pendleton  county,  on  Col. 
Metcalfe's  farm  in  Nicholas  county,  and 
at  other  points. 

Sept.  21— Proclamation  of  Brig.  Gen. 
Robert  Anderson, from  Louisville:  "Ken- 
tuckians  1  called  by  the  legislature  of  this, 
my  native  state,  I  hereby  assume  com- 
mand of  this  (Cumberland)  Department," 
A-e. 

Sept.  21— The  locks  on  Green  river 
blown  up  by  order  of  Gen.  Buckner. 

Sept.  22 — Arrest  at  Harrodsburg — by 
Union  officers  of  "  what  were  called  Home 
Guards  " — "  while  on  their  way  home- 
ward, on  leavo  of  absence,"  of  senator 
John  L.  Irvan,  and  representatives  Geo. 
W.  Ewing  and  Geo.  W.  SiWertooth.  The 
legislature  sends  a  joint  committee  to  se- 
cure their  release,  who  report  a  resolution. 
That  their  arrest  "  was  illegal,  unwar- 
ranted, and  is  disapproved  ;  and  that  the 
arrest  of  any  citizen  of  this  State,  except 
for  sufficient  cause  and  in  accordance  with 
law,  meets  our  condemnation,  and  is  in 
conflict  with  a  series  of  resolutions  passed 
by  the  present  General  Assembly  ;"  which 
in  modified  fopms  passed  each  house  ;  as 
the  senate  insisted  upon  the  wording  of  its 
resolution,  the  house,  rather  than  recede, 
laid  the  resolution  on  the  table. 

Sept.  23 — Military  Board  may  order  into 
their  custody  certain  arms  and  equip- 
ments, upon  penalty,  for  non-compliance, 
of  a  heavy  fine  and  imprisonment  [De- 
signed to  abolish  the  State  Guard] 

25.  — Additional  and  extensive  powers 
given  to  said  Board  ;  Edmund  H.  Taylor 
and  John  B.  Temple  substituted  for  Gov. 
Magoffin  and  Dr.  John  B.  Peyton  ;  author- 
ized to  borrow  $1,000,000  additional,"  on 
the  credit  of  the  state  ;  additional  tax  of  5 
cents  per  $100  worth  of  taxable  property 
levied  [Passed  senate  by  21  to  4,  and 
house  by  62  to  14.] 

Sept.  24 — Gen.  Anderson  issues  the  fol- 
lowing proclamation : 

"The  commanding  General,  understand- 
ing that  apprehension  is  entertained  by 
citizens  of  this  State  who  have  hitherto 
been  in  opposition  to  the  policy  now 
adopted  by  this  State,  hereby  gives  notice 
that  no  Kentuckian  shall  be  arrested  who 
remains  at  home  attending  to  his  business 
and  does  not  take  part,  either  by  action  or 
speech,  against  the  authority  of  the  Gen- 
eral or  State  Government,  or  does  not  hold 
correspondence  xoith,  or  give  aid  or  assist- 
ance to,  those  who  have  chosen  to  array 
themselves  against  us  as  our  enemies. 
ROBERT  ANDERSON, 
Brig.  Gen.  U.  S.  A.  Commanding. 

Sept.  25.— Col.  Wm.  Preston,  of  Lex- 
ington, Hon.  Wm.  E.  Simms  and  a  son 
of  Brutus  J.  Clay,  of  Paris,  and  Capt. 
Stoncr  with  his  company  of  soldiers,  reach 
Prestonsburg,  Floyd  county,  near  the  Vir- 
ginia line,  on  their  way  to  the  Confederate 
army.     Col.  George   B.  Hodge,  of   New- 


1S61. 


ANNALS   OP    KENTUCKY. 


95 


port,  and  Col.  Geo.  W.  Johnson,  of  Scott 
CO.,  arrived  the  day  before ;  and  U.  S.  sen- 
ator John  C.  Breckinridge,  of  Lexington, 
and  Keene  Richards,  Of  Georgetown,  three 
days  before  ;  all  finely  mounted  and  well 
armed.  Nearly  1,000  armed  Kcntuckians 
passed  through  Prestonsburg  for  Virginia, 
ivithin  four  days. 

Sept.  26— The  senate,  by  15  to  11,  passed 
a  bill  making  all  who  voluntarily  join  any 
military  force  which  may  invade  Ky.,  or 
who  shall  give  aid  and  comfort  to  such, 
"  incapable  of  taking  any  estate  in  Ky.  by 
devise,  bequest,  descent  or  distribution;" 
with  other  provisions  similar  in  spirit. 
The  bill  was  rejected  in  the  house. 

Sept.  25.— The  house,  by  70  to  13,  and 
senate,  by  21  to  5,  pass  a  bill  directing  the 
governor  by  proclamation  to  call  out  not 
less  than  40,000  Kentuckians,  for  from  1 
to  3  years,  to  repel  the  inv.asion  by  "  armed 
forces,  acting  under  the  authority  of  the 
so-called  Confederate  States,"  to  be  "  un- 
der the  command  of  the  general  com- 
manding the  state  forces  in  the  field  ;"  also, 
in  addition,  1,500  "sharp-shooters  and 
scouts,"  and  500  "  horsemen  and  scouts," 
who  '■  shall  receive  $5  per  month  of  extra 
pay."  The  governor,  Sept.  30,  vetoed 
the  bill,  because  of  the  unconstitutional 
feature  which  deprives  the  governor  of 
his  power  as  commander-in-chief.  It  was 
immediately  passed  over  the  veto,  by 
68  to  11  in  the  house,  and  22  to  3  in  the 
senate.  The  governor  issued  his  procla- 
mation as  required.  A  supplemental  act, 
next  day,  directs  the  state  forces  to  be 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service. 

Sept.  26 — Day  appointed  by  the  presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  for  fasting, 
humiliation  and  prayer.  The  seniite  ad- 
journed, **  in  respect  to  the  proclamation," 
&c.;  but  the  house  refused  to  adjourn  by 
33  to  39. 

Sept.  26— Jas.  B.  Clay  arrested  in  Madi- 
son county,  and  taken  to  Louisville,  and 
admitted  to  bail.  Ex-Gov.  Chas.  S.  More- 
head,  Reuben  T.  Durrett,  editor  Louisville 
Courier,  and  M.  W.  Barr,  of  the  telegraph 
corps,  arrested  at  Louisville,  and  sent  to 
Fort  Lafayette,  New  York  city.  Harry 
Bedford  and  Larkin  Q.  Towles,  of  Bour- 
bon CO.,  arrested  and  taken  to  Camp  Dick 
Robinson.  JIaj.  J.  R.  Curry,  judge  of 
Harrison  county  court.  Perry  Wherritt, 
clerk,  and  Wm.  B.  Glaves,  sheriff  of  same, 
and  A.  J.  Morey,  editor  of  Cynthiana 
A'cii's,  arrested,  30th,  and  taken  to  U.  S. 
Burraoks  at  Newport.  All  "  charged " 
with  aiding  the  rebellion,  or  "  affording 
aid  and  comfort  to  the  enemies  of  the  gov- 


Sept.  27 — Lexington  Statesman  news- 
paper suspends  publication.  Mount  Ster- 
ling Whig,  Richmond  Democrat,  and 
Georgetown  Journal  suspended,  early  in 
August.     Oct.  9,  Paris  Kentucky  State  Flag 


Sept.  28— Large  railroad  trains,  filled 
fith  U.  S.  troops  from  north  of  the  Ohio 
iver,  passing  daily  into  the  interior. 

Oct.  1 — Skirmishes,  with  trifling  losses. 


within  ton  days  past,  atSmithland,  Lucas 
Bend,  Buffalo  Hill,  and  Grayson. 

Oct.  1 — Legislature  authorizes,  when  in 
danger  from  public  enemy,  the  temporary 
suspension   or    removal    of    any    bank   or 

branch,  and  its    funds 3 — Increases 

the   salaries   of    the    Military    Board    to 

$1,000 Fixes  a  school  month  in  the 

common  schools  at  22  days Makes  it 

unlawful,  with  fine  of  $10  to  $100,  to 
sell  intoxicating  liquors  to  any  ofiicer  or 
soldier,  within  5  miles  of  any  military 
camp Provides  for  compelling  at- 
tendance of  absent  members  of  legislature 

Authorizes  loan  of  $2,000,000  more, 

for  war  purposes,  by  the  Military  Board 
4— Adjourns  until  Nov.  27,  1861. 

Oct.  1 — Legislature,  by  17  to  4  in  the 
senate,  and  67  to  11  in  the  house,  resolves 
"  That  the  people  of  the  state  of  Ky.  ten- 
der to  the  states  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  and 
Illinois,  their  thanks  for  the  prompt  fra- 
ternal and  effective  assistance  rendered  in 
arresting  the  invasion  of  our  state  by  the 
the  Confederate  forces.  Such  friendly  aid 
cannot  fail  to  strengthen  the  bonds  of  har- 
mony which  have  ever  united  Ky.  with 
her  northern  neighbors." 

Oct.  1— A  resolution  in  the  senate,  by 
Walter  C.  Whilaker,  that  whereas  Gov. 
Magoffin  does  not  and  will  not  carry  out 
the  will  of  the  people  of  Kentucky,  he  be 
requested  to  resign— was  referred  to  the 
committee  on  federal  relations ;  but  was 
never  reported  upon,  and  no  further  action 

[It  is  proper  to  state  here  that  resolu- 
tions— of  inquiry  ;  propositions  for  a  com- 
mission to  treat  with  the  U.  S.  government 
for  the  removal  of  all  U.  S.  troops  from 
Kentucky,  and  a  like  commission  to  pro- 
cure the  removal  of .  Confederate  troops; 
and  others  more  or  less  appropriate  to  the 
different  occasions— were  repeatedly  of- 
fered by  the  states'  rights  members  of  the 
senate  and  house  of  representatives.  But 
they  experienced  the  fate  usual  to  all 
small  minorities ;  their  resolutions  and 
propositions  were  summarily  voted  down.] 

Oct.  1— Gov.  Magoffin  vetoes  a  bill 
which  "  requires  information,  surveys, 
maps  and  drawings  to  bo  given  to  officers 
of  the  army,  upon  application  therefor, 
without  delay,"  under  a  heavy  penalty  for 
non-compliance — upon  the  constitutional 
ground  that  "  private  propeirty  shall  not  be 
taken  for  public  use  without  just  compen- 
sation, previously  made."  The  house  sus- 
tains the  veto,  by  72  to  1  [Wm.  P.  Boone.] 

Oct.  2— The  senate,  by  20  to  5,  and  the 
house,  by  53  to  20,  resolve  that  "John  C. 
Breckinridge  and  Lazarus  W.  Powell  do 
not  represent  the  will  of  the  people  of 
Ky.,"  and  instruct  them  fo  resign  their 
seats  in  the  U.  S.  senate.  The  governor 
did  not  sign  the  resolution,  but  it  became 
operative  as  law,  Dec.  2,  1861,  without 
his  approval. 

Oct.  2— Nat.  Gaither,  jr.,  appointed  sec- 
retary of  state,  in  place  of  Tho.  B.  Mon- 
roe, jr.,  resigned  [to  join  the  Confederate 
army.] 


96 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Oct.  3 — The  governor,  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  senate,  appoints  Wm. 
A.  Dudley  quartermaster  general  of  Ky., 
in  place  of  M.  D.  West,  resigned. 

Oct.  3— Gustavus  W.  Smith,  of  New 
York  city,  (a  Kentuckian)  appointed  brig- 
adier gnnernl  in  the  Confederate  army. 

Oct.  5 — The  work  of  intrenching  and 
fortifying  the  hills  back  of  Covington  be- 

Oct.  7 — Brig.  Gen.  Robert  Anderson,  in 
Order  No.  5,  "regrets  that  arrests  are  be- 
ing made,  in  some  parts  of  the  state,  upon 
the  slightest  and  most  trivial  grounds. 
He  desires  the  civil  authorities,  and  orders 
the  military,  not  to  make  any  arrests — bk- 
cept  when  the  parties  are  attempting  to 
join  the  rebels,  or  are  engaged  in  giving 
aid  or  information  to  them;  and  in  all 
oases  the  evidence  must  be  such  as  will 
convict  them  before  a  court  of  justice." 
He  says  that  in  many  eases  the  Home 
Guards  have  gone  into  adjoining  counties, 
and  arrested  and  carried  off  parties  quietly 
remaining  at  home  ;  others  have  been  ar- 
rested and  taken  out  of  the  state — all  con- 
trary to  his  wish.  He  urges  a  "  discon- 
tinunnee  of  these  ill-timed  and  unlawful 
arrests." 

Gen.  Anderson  issues  to  loyal  persons 
who  have  unsettled  business  in  the  South- 
ern Confederacy,  passes  to  go  there  through 
Ky. 

Oct.  8 — Pontoon  bridge  or  bridge  of 
boats  at  Paducah,  erected  by  the  U.  S. 
army,  carried  away  by  a  sudden  rise  of  12 
or  15  feet  in  the  Ohio  river. 

Oct.  10— Federal  troops  sent  to  arrest  S. 
C.  Hutchinson,  living  in  Barren  co.,  about 
10  miles  northeast  of  Glasgow,  ambushed 
by  10  Confederates,  and  routed,  with  loss 
of  11  in  killed  and  wounded,  and  30  horses, 
with  equipments,  captured. 

Oct.  11— Geo.  Robertson  and  Rich.ard  A. 
Buckner,  of  Lexington,  address  a  note  to 
Gen.  Sherman,  informing  of  the  arrest  of 
persons  "  merely  on  account  of  their 
southern  sympathies  and  secession  opin- 
ions, without  proof  or  imputation  of  any 
overt  act  of  treason  or  aiding  treason." 
Gen.  Sherman  replies,  12th,  that  he  will 
"endeavor  to  protect  all  loyal  citizens, 
and  sh.all  molest  no  one,  whatever  his  po- 
litical opinions,  provided  he  obeys  the 
laws." 

Oct.  12 — Gov.  Magoffin  appoints  John 
W.  Finnell  adjutant  general  of  Ky.,  in 
place  of  Scott  Brown,  resigned. 

Oct.  14 — Gen.  Anderson,  on  account  of 
ill  health,  relinquishes  command  of  the  U. 
S.  troops  in  Ky.,  and  Gen.  Wm.  T.  Sher- 
man succeeds  him  until  Nov.  13,  1861, 
when  he  is  ordered  to  Missouri. 

Oct.  15^Passes  to  go  south  refused. 

Oct.  16— Hon.  Simon  Cameron,  U.  S. 
secretary  of  war,  accompanied  by  Brig. 
Gen.  L.  Thomas,  adjutant  general  of  U. 
S.  army,  visits  Louisville,  to  consult  with 
Gen.  Sherman,  Hon.  James  Guthrie,  and 
Gen.  Wood  as  to  the  conduct  of  the  war  in 
Ky.  Gen.  Sherman  "  gave  a  gloomy  pic- 
ture of  affairs   in    Ky.,  stating    that    the 


young  men  were  generally  secessionists, 
and  had  joined  the  confederates;  while 
the  Union  men,  the  aged,  and  conserva- 
tives would  not  enrol  themselves  to  engage 
in  conflict  with  their  relatives  on  the  other 
side  ;  but  few  regiments  could  be  raised." 
"  He  deemed  200,000  men  "  necessary  to 
drive  the  rebels  from  the  state.  The  Sec- 
retary of  War  desired  that  the  Cumberland 
Ford  and  Gap  should  be  seized  ;  the  troops 
must  assume  the  offensive  ;  he  was  tired 
of  a  defensive  war.  Gen.  Sherman  in- 
formed him  that  the  arms  sent  to  Ky. 
"  had  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Home 
Guards,  and  could  not  be  recovered  ;  that 
many  were  already  in  the  hands  of  the 
rebels,  and  others  refused  to  surrender  those 
in  their  possession,  desiring  to  use  them  in 
defense  of  their  individual  homes  if  in- 
vaded." Oct.  I7th,  Mr.  Cameron,  Gen. 
L.  Thomas,  and  Mr.  Guthrie  visited  Lex- 
ington, and  found  the  opinion  existed 
there  that  the  young  men  had  joined  the 
rebels,  that  no  large  bodies  of  troops  could 
be  raised  in  Ky.,  and  that  the  defense  of 
the  state  must  devolve  upon  the  free  states 
of  the  northwest. 

Oct.  19 — Sinking  fund  commissioners 
cancel  and  burn  $1,277,050  of  Ky.  state 
bonds  and  coupons  ;— of  these,  $526,040 
were  coupons,  S600,000  bonds  purchased 
of  the  Southern  Bank  of  Ky.,  and  $151,010 
of  other  parties. 

Oct.  20— Over  17  full  regiments  from  In- 
diana, 18,178  men,  over  13  from  Ohio,  3 
from  Pennsylvania,  and  several  from  other 
states,  already  in  Ky.  Some  15,000  Ken- 
tuckians  already  enlisted. 

Bland  Ballard,  of  Louisville,  appointed 
judge  of  the  U.  S.  district  court  for  Ky.,  in 
place  of  Judge  Thos.  B.  Monroe,  who  has 
gone  to  the  Confederacv. 

Oct.  21— At  Camp  Wildcat  or  Rockcastle 
Hills — at  ihe  junction  of  three  roads  lead- 
ing to  Mt,  Vernon,  to  London,  and  to 
Richmond,  in  a  densely  timbered  region 
of  ridges  or  gorges,  easily  defended — the 
7th  Ky.  infantry  under  Col.  Thco.  T.Gar- 
rard is  attacked  by  Brig.  Gen.  Zollicoffer, 
with  7,000  Confederate  troops.  Shortly 
after,  Gen.  A.  Sehajpff,  with  the  33d  Indi- 
ana, 17th  Ohio,  14th  Ohio,  with  a  battery 
of  artillery,  Col.  Wolford's  1st  Ky.  cav- 
alry, and,  later,  the  1st  and  2d  Tennessee 
regiments,  reinforce  Col.  G.arr.ard.  After 
a  desperate  fight,  the  Confederates  are  re- 
pulsed, with  30  killed  and  about  100 
wounded,  and  next  day  retreat;  Federal 
loss  4  killed,  18  wounded. 

Oct.  23— Confederates  routed  at  West 
Liberty,  Morg.an  county  ;  loss  21  killed,  — 
wounded,  34  prisoners  ;  Federal  loss  slight. 
On  the  same  day,  Gen.  Nelson,  with  Col. 
Marshall's  16th  Ky.  and  Col.  Metcalfe's 
command,  routs  a  Confederate  force  at 
Hazle  Green,  capturing  38  prisoners. 

Oct.  24 — Skirmish  in  Green  county, 
southwest  of  Campbellsville. 

Oct.  26— Skirmish   in' Gallatin    county, 

about  8  miles  from  Warsaw Skirmish 

at  S.iratoga,  Lyon  county ;  300  Federals 
defeat  100  Confederates. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Oct.  29,  30— Skirmishes  at  Morgan  town, 
at  Rochester,  and  at  Woodbury,  all  in 
Butler  county. 

Oct.  31 — Gen.  Sherman,  commanding  in 
Ky.,  says  in  a  circular:  "The  removal 
of  prisoners  (except  spies  and  prisoners  of 
war)  from  the  state, — without  giving  them 
an  opportunity  for  trial  by  the  legal  tri- 
bunals of  the  country— does  not  meet  my 
approval."  He  directs  that  they  shall  bo 
taken  before  a  judge  or  U.  S.  commis- 
sioner, *'  to  be  examined  and  dealt  with 
according  to  taw," 

Nov.  1— Col.  Richard  H.  Stanton,  Wm. 
T.  Casto,  Isaac  Nelson,  Ben.  F.  Thomas, 
Geo.  Forrester  (all  from  Maysville),  sent 
on  to  Fort  Lafayette,  New  York  city  ;  they 
were  arrested  in  Oct.,  by  order  of  Gen.  Wm. 
Nelson,  and  imprisoned  in  Camp  Chase,  at 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

Nov.  4— Savage  little  fight  near  Boston, 
Whitley  county. 

Nov.  6— In    the  U.  S.  district   court   at 
Frankfort,  Judge    Bland   Ballard,  indict- 
ments for  treason  were  found  against 
John  C.  Breckinridge,    -Wm.  Jones, 
K.  J.  Breckinridge.jr.,  Phil.  Lee, 
John  M.  Brown,*  Humphrey  Marshall, 

George  B.  Burnley,         H.  McDowell, 
Jas.  S.  Chrisman,  Jesse  Meeks, 

Ben.  Craig,*  Beiij.  J.  Monroe,* 

W.  R.  Cunningham,       Thos.  B.  Monroe,  jr., 
Gustavns  Dedman,*        John  H.  Morgan,* 
Ben.  Pesha,*  John  M.  Rice, 

Isham  T.  Dudley,*  Harvey  M.  Rust, 

John  M.  Elliott,  John  Shawh.Tn, 

John  Ficklin,  Thos.  Steele,  jr., 

Milton  J.  Freeze,  Phil.  B.  Thompson, 

J.  L.  Gibbons,*  Frank  Tryon,* 

Harry  T.  Hawkins,        Granville  Utterback,* 
Daniel  W.  Jones,  Robert  W.  Woolley. 

Against  10  of  the  above  (marked  «)and 
a^inst  9  others,  indictments  were  found 
for  a  high  misdemeanor,  also, 

Nov.  8— Battle  of  Ivy  Mountain,  or 
Piketon,  in  Pike  county.  Confederate 
troops,  not  less  than  300  nor  more  prob- 
ably than  1,000  in  number,  under  Col. 
John  S.  Williams,  in  ambush  on  the  moun- 
tain side,  had  a  desperate  fight  for  1  hour 
20  minutes  with  Gen.  Nelson's  force  of  3 
Ohio  regiments,  a  Kentucky  battalion  un- 
der Col.  Chas.  A.  Marshiill,  and  two  sec- 
tions of  artillery  ;  they  were  badly  armed, 
and,  firing  over  the  heads  of  the  troops 
defiling  along  the  narrow  roadway  below, 
were  soon  driven  from  their  cover  and  in 
full  retreat.  Federal  loss  6  killed,  24 
wounded;  Confederate  loss  unknown,  but 
30  dead  were  said  to  have  been  found  on 
the  field,  and  some  were  taken  prisoners. 

Nov.  13— Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  T.  Sherman, 
at  his  own  request,  relieved  of  the  com- 
mand of  the  army  of  the  Cumberland ; 
Brig.  Gen.  Don  Carlos  Buell  succeeds  him, 
and  the  designation  of  the  army  changed 
to  that  of  the  department  and  army  of  the 
Ohio. 

Nov.  16— Brig.  Gen.  John  C.  Breckin- 
ridge assumes  command  of  1st  Ky.  Bri- 
gade, Confederate  States  army. 

Nov.  17 — Fight  near  Rumsey,  McLean 
county. 

Nov.  18 — A  "Sovereignty  Convention-" 
in  session,  at  Russellville,  for  three  days  ; 

I.. .7 


over  200  members,  representing  65  coun. 
ties  ;  adopts  a  "  declaration  of  independ- 
ence "  and  an  "ordinance  of  secession;" 
provides  for  a  provisional  government,  and 
vests  all  executive  and  legislative  power 
in  a  governor  and  council  of  ten;  the 
council  to  fill  vacancies,  but  no  member 
of  council  shall  be  made  governor  to  fill 
a  vacancy  ;  the  old  constitution  and  laws 
of  Kentucky  declared  in  force,  except 
where  inconsistent  with  the  acts  of  this 
convention  and  of  the  legislative  council. 
Col.  Geo.  W.  Johnson,  of  Scott  co.,  was 
chosen  governor;  Robert  McKee,  of  Louis- 
ville, secretary  of  state;  0.  F.  Payne,  of 
Fayette  co.,  assistant  secretary  of  state  ; 
Theodore  L.  Burnett,  of  Spencer  co.,  state 
treasurer  [Mr.  B.  resigned,  and,  Dec.  17th, 
John  Burnam,  of  Warren  co.,  was  ap- 
pointed treasurer  by  the  governor  and  con- 
firmed by  the  council]  ;  Richard  Hawes, 
of  Bourbon  co.,  state  auditor,  who  resigned, 
and  Josinh  Pillsbury,  of  Warren  co.,  was 
appointed.  A.  Frank  Brown,  of  Bourbon, 
was  chosen  clerk  of  the  council  ;  John  B. 
Thompson,  jr.,  of  Mercer  co.,  sergeant-at- 
arms;  and  Walter  N.  Haldcman,  of  Old- 
ham CO.,  state  printer.  Members  of  the 
council,  and  also  delegates  to  the  provis- 
ional congress  of  the  Confederate  States  at 
Richmond,  Va.,  were  chosen  [see  list  of 
Henry  C. 
id  Wm.  Preston  were 
sent  as  commissioners  to  Richmond,  and 
on  the  9th  Dec.  the  Confederate  congress 
admitted  Kentucky  as  one  of  the  Confed- 
erate States.  Bowling  Green  was  made 
the  new  seat  of  government, 

Nov.  24— Capt.  Moreau's  cavalry,  ac- 
companied by  Gen.  McCook's  body  guard, 
go  to  the  farm,  on  Green  river  a  few  miles 
above  Munfordsville,  of  the  Confederate 
general,  Simon  B.  Buckner,  and  take  pos- 
session of  the  stock,  a  large  amount  of 
wheat,  corn,  and  other  produce. 

Nov.  27 — Legislature  meets,  pursuant 
to  adjournment  on  Oct.  4th  ;  refreshed,  and 
anxious  to  begin  again  the  brave  work  of 
" Jlesobitiona ;"  continues  in  session  until 
Dec.  23. 

Nov,  28—11  Kentuokians,  confined  as 
political  prisoners  at  Fort  AVarren,  Boston, 
released. 

Dec.  2 — U.  S.  senate  passes  unanimously 
(several  senators  not  voting)  the  following  : 

"  Whereas,  John  C.  Breckinridge,  a 
member  of  this  body,  has  joined  the  ene- 

against  the  government  he  had  sworn  to 
support ;  therefore, 

"  Resolved,  that  the  traitor  Breckin- 
ridge be  expelled." 

Dec.  4—13  Confederates  defeated  and 
captured  by  60  Federals,  at  WhippoorwiU 
bridge,  5  miles  below  Russellville,  Logan 

Dec.  5 — Legislature  asks  congress  to 
send  immediate  relief  to  Ireland,  in  view 
of  the  want  and  famine  impending  over  that 
distressed  land 14 — Adopts  a  reso- 
lution of  "  thanks  to  the  loyal  and  brave 
men  who  have  volunteered  to  aid  and  as- 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


sist  the  goTernment  of  the  United  States 
in  expelling  the    invadeis   from    our   soil 

13 — Makes   absence  from  the   state 

for  i  months  in  the  service  of  the  United 

States,  no    ground    for   attachment 

23— Makes  absence  in  the  Confederate 
States  for  30  days,  or  in  the  Confederate 
army,  or  leaving  home  to  join  the  latter, 

good  ground  for  attachment Adopted 

resolutions,  one  protesting  against  the  U. 

5.  arming  slaves  to  be  used  as  soldiers,  and 
another  requesting  President  Lincoln  to 
dismiss  from  his  cabinet  Simon  Cameron, 
secretary  of  war,  because  in  his  report  he 
had  recommended  the  arming  and  making 

a  military  use  of  the  slaves Kentucky 

assumes  the  payment  of  her  proportion  of 
the  direct  tax  imposed  by  congress,  Aug. 

6,  1861. 

Dec.  10— Garret  Davis  elected  U.  S.  sen- 
ator, "  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the 
expulsion  of  John  C.Breckinridge  from  that 
body  :"  Davis  84,  Wm.  Johnson  12,  Wm.  0. 
Butler  1.  Mr.  Davis  was  nominated  in  a 
caucus  of  Union  members,  receiving  46 
votes,  to  45  for  James  Guthrie,  on  the  final 
ballot. 

The  Military  Board  have  obtained  loans 
from: 

Bank  of  Kentucky $    500,000 

Northern  Bank  of  Kentucky 350,000 

Farmers'  Bank  of  Kentucky 250,000 

Bank  of  Louisville 200,000 

Commerci.al  Bank  of  Kentucky..      100,000 

Bank  of  Ashland 35,000 

Balance  previous  loan 57,559 

$1,492,559 
Expenditures  to  Nov.  30 1,345,680 

Balance  on  hand $    146,879 

Dec.  10— Kentucky  admitted  as  one  of 
the  "  Confederate  States  of  America." 

Dec.  12— Tho.  B.  Monroo  and  Henry 
C.  Burnett  take  their  seats  in  the  Confed- 
erate congress  as  senators  from  Ky. 

Dec.  13 — Gov.  Magoffin,  having  seen  in 
the  Louisville  Journal  what  purported  to 
be  an  extract  from  the  *' message"  of  his 
old  friend  Geo.  Vf.  Johnson,  recently 
elected  provisional  governor  of  Kentucky — 
in  which  he  says  "  I  will  gladly  resign 
whenever  the  regularly  elected  governor 
shall  escape  from  his  virtual  imprison- 
ment at  Frankfort,  so  that  you  may  have 
the  opportunity  of  placing  him  at  the  head 
of  this  movement  for  the  emancipation  of 
Kentucky  " — writes,  in  a  letter  to  the  Jour- 
nal : 

"1  have  not  seen  a  copy  of  the  mes- 
sage  If  the  purposes  and  proceedings 

of  that  convention  are  correctly  repre- 
sented by  you,  I  condemn  its  action  in 
unqualified  terms.  Self-constituted,  as  it 
was,  and  without  authority  from  the  peo- 
ple, it  cannot  be  justified  by  similar  revo- 
lutionary acts,  in  other  states,  by  minori- 
ties to  overthrow  the  state  governments. 
I  condemned  their  action  and  I  condemn 
the  action  of  this  one.  My  position  is  and 
has  been  and  will  continue  to  be,  to  abide 
by  the  will  of  the  majority  of  the  people 


of  the  state — to  stand  by  the  constitution 
and  laws  of  the  state  of  Kentucky,  as  ex- 
pounded by  the  supreme  court  of  the  state, 
and  by  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  fed- 
eral government  as  expounded  by  the  su- 
preme court  of  the  United  States." 

Dec.  17 — Battle  at  Munfordsville,  on 
Green  river  ;  Confederates  defeated ;  loss 
33  killed  and  50  wounded.  Federal  loss 
17  killed  or  mortally  wounded,  and  13 
wounded.  On  same  day,  skirmish  at  Ev- 
ersole's,  in  Perry  county. 

62  regiments  of  Federal  soldiers  "paid 
off,"  in  Ky.,  during  this  month. 

Dec.  22,  23—145  tons  of  ammunition  re- 
ceived at  Louisville,  in  two  days,  for  the 
U.  S.  troops. 

Dee.  23 — Legislature  adjourns  until  Feb. 

Dec.  25— Skirmish  at  Jamestown,  Rus- 
sell county. 

Dec.  25— In  the  U.  S.  senate.  Garret 
Davis,  of  Ky.,  gives  notice  that  he  shall 
introduce  a  bill  confiscating  every  species 
of  property  of  all  persons  who  have  had 
any  connection  with  the  southern  rebell- 
ion— either  in  a  civil,  military  or  naval 
capacity. 

Dec.  27 -Engagement  at  Sacramento, 
McLean  county,  between  Capt.  Kobert 
G.  Bacon's  company  of  Federal  soldiers, 
and  Confederate  troops  under  Col.  Forrest ; 
former  defeated,  with  8  killed,  9  wounded, 
16  prisoners;  Confederate  loss  not  known. 

Dec.  31— New  York,  Philadelphia,  and 
Boston  banks — under  the  advice  of  the  U. 
S.  Treasury  department— suspend  specie 
payments.  Ky.  banks  again  refuse  to 
suspend. 

1862,  Jan.  1— Ky.  banks  declare  small 
dividends  for  last  six  months  :  Northern 
Bank  2K  per  cent,  and  the  Bank  of  Ky., 
Bank  of"  Louisville,  and  Farmers'  Bank 
each  2  per  cent. 

Jan.  3 — In  the  Ky.  provisional  legisla- 
tive council,  Henry  C.  Burnett  and  Wm. 
E.  Simms  elected  senators  from  Ky.  to 
the  Confederate  congress. 

Jan.  4— Union  ticket  for  city  officers 
elected,  at  Lexington,  without  opposition. 

Jan.  5 — Gen.  Buell  issues  an  order  plac-- 
ing  completely  under  U.  S.  government  su- 
pervision the  navigation  on  the  Ohio  river 
below  Louisville ;  boats  to  land  only  at 
specified  points  ;  passengers  to  have  passes, 
and  permits  required  for  freight. 

Jan.  7 — Skirmish  at  James  creek,  John- 
son county. 

Jan.  7— Ex-Gov.  Chas.  S.  Morehead  re- 
leased from  Fort  W.arren. 

Jan.  10 — Engagement  at  Forks  of  Mid- 
dle creek,  near  Prestonsburg,  Floyd  county, 
between  Col.  Garfield's  force  and  Gen. 
Humphrey  Marshall's;  latter  defeated,  27 
killed,  25  prisoners  ;  Federal  loss  2  killed, 
25  wounded. 

Jan.  11 — Gun-boat  action  near  Colum- 
bus. 

Jan.  12— Telegraph  line,  for  military 
purposes,  extended  from  Lebanon,  via 
Danville  and  Crab  Orchard,  to  Somerset. 

Jan.  17— Confederate  camp  Beauregard, 


ANNALS   OP    KENTUCKY. 


at  Feliciana,  Graves  CO.,  captured  by  Gen. 
C.  F.  Smith. 

Jan.  19— Battle  of  Mill  Springs,  or  Lo- 
gan's cross-roads,  in  Pulaski  county.  Maj. 
Gen.  Geo.  B.  Crittenden,  with  the  15th 
Mississippi,  16th  Alabama,  17th,  19th, 
20th,  25th,  2Sth,  and  29th  Tennessee  regi- 
ments, and  a  battery  of  six  guns — about 
4,000  Confederate  troops-cleaves  his  in- 
trenched camp  at  Beech  Grove,  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Cumberland  river,  at  12 
o'clock  on  Saturday  night,  to  attack  the 
approaching  Federals.  At  6  A-  m.  on  Sun- 
day, still  dark  and  raining,  his  advance 
reaches  Logan's  cross-roads,  10  miles  from 
his  camp,  and  is  fired  upon  by  the  pickets 
of  the  U.  S.  forces  under  Maj.  Gen.  Geo. 
H.  Thomas.  In  half  an  hour  the  battle 
was  raging  furiously,  with  the  4th  Ky.  in- 
fantry under  Col.  Speed  Smith  Fry,  part  of 
the  Ist  Ky.  cavalry  under  Col.  Franklin  S. 
Wolford,  9th  Ohio,  10th  Indiana,  and  10th 
Minnesota,  about  4,000  in  number.  For 
3}^  hours  the  field  was  hotly  contested— 
'*  by  a  most  determined  and  galling  fire," 
part  of  the  time— and  the  result  doubtful. 
The  death,  by  a  pistol  shot  from  Col.  Fry ,  of 
Brig.  Gen.  Feli.\  K.  ZollicoflTer,  the  second 
in  command,  terribly  discouraged  the  Con- 
federates. The  Federals  being  reinforced 
by  the  12th  Ky.  under  Col.  Wm.  A.  Hos- 
kins,  and  the  1st  and  2d  Tennessee — about 
2,500  fresh  troops — outflanked  the  Con- 
federates, poured  in  a  deadly  fire,  and 
forced  them  to  fall  back  ;  and  the  9th  Ohio, 
by  a  bold  charge  with  fixed  bayonets  broke 
their  ranks,  when  they  retreated  in  confu- 
sion to  their  camp,  closely  pursued.  Fur- 
ther reinforcements— 10th  Ky.  under  Col. 
John  M.  Harlan,  Hth,  17th,  31st,  35th 
and  38th  Ohio,  and  3  batteries— coming 
up,  the  entire  Federal  force,  now  increased 
to  over  12,000  troops,  advanced  (unresisted, 
except  by  a  small  party  of  cavalry  for  a 
few  minutes)  upon  the  Confederate  in- 
trenchraents.  "  By  5  p.  M,"  says  Gen. 
Thomas'  report,  *'  the  camp  was  closely 
invested,  and  during  the  night  the  troops 
were  disposed,  for  an  assault  of  the  works 
at  daylight  on  the  20th.  Meanwhile,  two 
batteries  cannonaded  the  intrenchments 
until  dark,  and  two  other  batteries  were 
directed  to  fire  on  their  ferry  to  prevent  the 
Confederates  from  attempting  to  cross. 
The  latter,  with  six  guns,  returned  the 
fire ;  thus  deceiving  the  enemy,  while, 
upon  a  steamboat  and  three  barges,  they 
crossed  their  entire  force,  and  burning  the 
boats,  took  up  the  line  of  retreat  to  Monti- 
cello."  The  "assault  at  daylight"  dis- 
covered an  abandoned  camp,  containing  8 
six-pounders  and  2  Parrot  guns,  between 
500  and  1,000  "old  flint-lock  muskets," 
160  four-horse  wagons,  1,200  horses  and 
mules,  and  a  large  amount  of  ammunition 
and  commissary  stores — a  most  serious 
loss  to  the  Confederates  at  that  stage  of  the 

Jan.  20— Samuel  L.  Casey  elected  rep- 
resentative in  the  U.  S.  congress  from  the 
1st  district,over  Lawrence  S.  Trimble  (both 
Union) — to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by 


the  expulsion  of  Henry  C.  Burnett  for  dis- 
loyalty   (now   in    the    Confederate   States 

Jan.  23— Ohio  river  higher  than  at  any 
time  since  Dec,  1847;  the  freshet  called 
the  "flood  of  1862;"  between  17th  and 
20th,  3.40  inches  of  rain  fell  at  Millers- 
burg. 

Jan.  25— A  bill  pending  in  the  U.  S. 
house  of  representatives  appoints  James 
Guthrie,  of  Ky.,  and  two  others,  to  locate 
and  construct  a  military  railroad  from 
Danville  to  East  Tennessee. 

Great  decline  in  the  price  of  real  estate. 

Jan.  31 — Remarkably  gloomy  weather; 
the  sun  has  shone  but  45  hours,  (an  aver- 


age ( 


1  tha 


per 


day)  during  this  month,  and 
for  the  period  of  9  days,  was  not  once  visi- 
ble ;  thermometer  has  ranged  from  18°  to 
93°,  and  the  mean  temperature  been  43° 
30'. 

Feb.  1 — Preacher  Conway  is  reported  to 
have  said,  in  Boston,  that  "  President  Lin- 
coln would  like  to  have  God  on  his  side, 
but  he  vuist  have  Kentucki/." 

Feb.  1 — Skirmish  near  Bowling  Green. 

Feb.  5 — The  following  resolution  passes 
the  U.  S.  senate,  by  32  to  14  (Garret  Davis 
voting  for,  and  L.  W.  Powell  against  it): 

"Whereas  Hon.  Jesse  D.  Bright,  sen- 
ator from  Indiana,  heretofore,  on  the  1st 
day  of  March,  1861,  wrote  a  letter,  of 
which  the  following  is  a  copy  : 

Washington,  March  1,  1861. 

My  dear  Sir  :  Allow  me  to  introduce 
to  your  acquaintance  my  friend  Thomas 
B.  Lincoln,  of  Texas.  He  visits  your 
capital  mainly  to  dispose  of  what  he  re- 
gards a  great  improvement  in  fire-arms.  I 
recommend  him  to  your  favorable  consid- 
eration as  a  gentleman  of  the  first  respect- 
ability, and  reliable  in  every  respect. 
Very  truly,  yours, 

JESSE  D.  BRIGHT. 
To  His  Excellency,  Jefferson  Davis, 

President  of  the  Confederation  of  States. 

"  And  whereas  we  believe  the  said  letter 
is  evidence  of  disloyalty  to  the  United 
States,  and  is  calculated  to  give  aid  and 
comfort  to  the  public  enemies  :  therefore, 

"  Be  it  resolved.  That  the  said  Jesse  D. 
Bright  is  expelled  from  his  seat  in  the 
senate  of  the  United  States." 

On  the  13th  of  January  preceding,  the 
senate  committee  on  the  judiciary,  in  ref- 
erence to  this  resolution,  reported  "  that 
the  facts  charged  against  Mr.  Bright  were 
not  suflioient  to  warrant  his  expulsion 
from  the  sen.ate,  and  they  therefore  recom- 
mend that  the  resolution  do  not  pass." 
[Mr.  Bright  removed,  not  long  after,  to 
Carrollton,  Ky.;  and  represented  Carroll 
and  Gallatin  counties  in  the  Ky.  legisla- 
ture from  1867  to  1871,  when  he  declined 
a  re-election.  He  is  now  (1874)  a  citizen 
of  Covington.] 

Feb.  6— Fall  of  Fort  Henry,  Tennessee, 
on  the  Tennessee  river,  nearly  opposite  the 
Ky.  state  line  ;  surrender  of  Gen.  Lloyd 
Tilghraan  (of  Ky.)  with  the  garrison  of  40 
men,   after   a  terrific  bombardment   by    7 


100 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


1862 


gun-boats,  with  10,000  troops  under  Gen. 
U.  S.  Grant  on  tr.ansports  ;  loss  rn  the  fort, 
5  killed,  and  10  b.idly  wounded;  before 
surrendering,  Gen.  T.  sent  off  all  his  troops, 
about  2,000  infantrj. 

Feb.  7— Court  of  appeals  reverses  a  judg- 
ment of  Judge  Goodloe,  in  the  Scott  cir- 
cuit court,  for  $12,000  ag.-iinst  Col.  Geo. 
W.  Johnson  [now  provisional  governor  of 
Ky.] — thereby  sustaining  as  constitutional 
the  first  section  of  the  "  stay  law,"  which 
prevents  the  rendition  of  judgments  for 
money  until  after  Jan.  1,  1862. 

Feb.  12 — Legislature  meets  in  adjourned 

session 21— Authorizes    trustees    of 

Transylvania  university,  in  consideration 
of  $50,000  additional  endowment,  to  assent 
to  or  make  such  radical  changes  as  would 
result  in  blotting  out  or  merging  its  exist- 
ence and  identity 26— By  68  to  8  in 

the  house,  and  21  to  0  in  the  senate,  "  ad- 
dresses "  Wm.  H.  (or  "  Harry  ")  Burns  out 
of  ofBce  as  judge  of  the  Montgomery,  Bath, 

Morgan,    Ac,    circuit No    turnpike 

tolls  to  be  exacted  from  children  going  to 
or  from  schools,  whether  in  vehicles  or  on 
horseback 23— Persons  30  days  vol- 
untarily within  the  lines  of  the  Confeder- 
ate States  required,  in  all  suits  brought  by 
them,  to  give  security  for  costs  as  if  non- 
residents. 

Feb.  12,  13,  14,  15,  16— Battle  of  Fort 
Donelson,  Tennessee,  on  the  southwest 
bank  of  the  Cumberland  river,  a  few  miles 
from  the  Ky.  state  line.  The  Confederate 
troops,  28  regiments  of  infantry  (not  half 
full)  and  3  battalions  of  cavalry,  (consid- 
erably less  than  13,000  in  all,)  commanded 
by  Gens.  John  B.  Floyd,  Gideon  J.  Pillow, 
and  Simon  B.  Buckner,  for  four  days  and 
nights  maintain  themselves  against  more 
than  three  times  the  number  of  Federal 
troops  under  Gen.  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  (41 
regiments  of  infantry,  4  of  cavalry,  and  10 
batteries  of  artillery),  and  6  gun-boats,  of 
which  4  were  iron-clad.  The  fighting, 
part  of  the  time,  and  especially  on  the 
15th,  was  terribly  severe,  and  the  carnage 
dreadful.  On  the  14th,  the  gun-boats  were 
driven  off,  two  disabled  and  all  more  or 
less  crippled.  On  the  16th,  Gen.  Buckner 
proposed  an  armistice  until  12  M.,  and  the 
appointment  of  commissioners  to  agree 
upon  terms  of  capitulation  ;  but  Gen.  Grant 
refused  any  terms  "except  unconditional, 
immediate  surrender" — which  Gen.  Buck- 
ner was  compelled  to  accept.  Confederate 
loss  231  killed,  1,007  wounded,  .and  (in- 
cluding the  wounded)  5,079  prisoners — 
Gens.  Pillow  and  Floyd,  with  their  bri- 
gades, having  made  their  escape,  upon  two 
or  three  small  steamboats,  during  the 
night  previous.  Federal  loss  331  killed, 
1,046  wounded,  and  200  missing  (taken 
prisoners  on  the  15th);  this  was  the 
smallest  number  reported  ;  other  accounts 
make  the  loss  much  greater.  The  weather 
was  remarkably  severe,  part  of  the  time 
10°  above  zero,  with  hail,  snow  and  sleet. 
The  wounded  lay  on  the  ground  exposed 
to  this  weather — no  truce  being  allowed  so 
as  to  care  for  them.     Two  Ky.  regiments 


engaged  on  each  side:  On  the  Confeder- 
ate, Col.  Roger  W.  Hanson's  2d  Ky. 
(killed  13,  wounded  59,  missing  47  who 
were  supposed  to  have  escaped  to  Nash- 
ville during  the  night  of  the  15th)  and 
Col.  H.  B.  Lyon's  8th  Ky.;  and  on  the 
Federal,  Col.  John  H.  McHenry's  17th 
Ky.  and  Col.  Jas.  M.  Shackleford's  25th 
Ky. 

Feb.  14— Bowling  Green  evacuated  by 
the  Confederates  under  Gen.  Buckner — 
after  destroying  both  bridges  over  Barren 
river,  the  railroad  depot  and  round-house, 
flour  mill  of  Judge  Wm.  H.  Payne,  saw 
mill  of  D.  B.  Campbell,  Washington  hotel, 
and  a  number  of  stores  and  warehousea 
filled  with  shoes,  blankets,  medicines,  flour, 
pork,  beef,  and  other  supplies  ;  total  loss 
of  property  estimated  at  $750,000.  Tho 
iron  railroad  bridge  still  stood  after  tho 
mines  in  the  towers  of  the  piers  had  been 
exploded,  and  13  rounds  of  cannon  were 
fired  at  it  before  its  destruction  was  com- 
plete. 

The  Federal  troops  now  pressing  south- 
ward, in  4  grand  divisions,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Gens.  Alex.  McD.  McCook,  Geo.  H. 
Thomas,  Ormsby  M.  Mitchel,  and  Thos.  L. 


enden,  a 


.sedof  102 


of  infantry,  10  of  cavalry,  and  21  batteries 
of  artillery— total  114,000  men  and  126 
pieces  of  artillery — the  whole  commanded 
by  Gen.  Don  Carlos  Buell. 

Feb.  15— The  senate,  yeas  23,  nays  0, 
expels  Wm.  T.  Anthony,  senator  from 
Allen  CO.,  because  "  actively  engaged  in 
the  rebellion,"  and  Dr.  John  M.  Johnson, 
senator  from  McCracken  co.,  because  he 
now  "holds  position  in  the  rebel  army." 

Feb.  18— Adjutant  Gen.  John  W.  Fin- 
nell's  report  gives  the  organization  and 
officers  of  28  regiments  of  Ky.  volunteer 
infantry,  24,026  men  ;  of  6  regiments  of 
cavalry,  4,979  men  ;  and  2  batteries  of  ar- 
tillery, 198  men— in  all  29,203,  rank  and 
file,  in  the  U.  S.  service. 

Feb.  20— From  a  report  of  Grant  Green, 
state  auditor,  called  out  by  a  resolution  of 
the  senate,  it  appears  that  only  10  coun- 
ties—Bourbon, Bath,  Greenup,  Hardin, 
Jessamine,  Mason,  Mercer,  Owen,  Russell, 
and  Woodford — had  paid  into  the  treasury 
their  revenue  in  full  for  1S61 ;  that  6 
others — Boone,  Boyle,  Bracken,  Breckin- 
ridge, Bullitt,  and  Fayette — had  paid  up 
within  less  than  $280  each  ;  and  that  of 
the  total  revenue  due  for  1861,  $994,014, 
there  was  yet  due  and  unpaid  $433,320,  or 
over  43K  P^""  "ont.  Total  decrease  of  tax- 
able property  for  1861  as  comp.ared  with 
that  of  1860,  $52,294,131— being  in  real 
estate  over  7%  per  cent,  in  personal  estate 
nearly  10,  and  in  the  value  of  slaves  18)^ 
per  cent. 

Feb.  25 — Federal  troops  take  possession 
of  Nashville,  Tennessee. 

Feb.  26— Legislature,  by  21  to  2  in  the 
senate,  and  65  to  8  in  the  house,  "  tenders 
the  thanks  of  Kentucky,"  to  Gens.  Albin 
Schoepff,  Wm.  Nelson,  Geo.  H.  Thomas, 
Ulysses  S.  Grant,  Henry  W.  Halleck,  .and 
Don   Carlos   Buell,  Col.  Jas.  A.  Garfield, 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


and  to  "  the 
pect- 


and  Commodore  A.  H.  Foot 

brave  officers  and  soldiers  in 

ive   commands,  every    man   of   tliem, 

their  brilliant  victories  achieved  at  Wild 

Cat,   Ivy   Mountain,  Logan's  Fields  and 

Mill    Spring,    Prestonsburg,    Fort    Henry 

and  Fort  Donelson." 

Feb.    27— Confederate    forces    abandon 
Columbus,  and,  March  .3,  Federal   troops 
'■■I-  possession  ;  the  best  engineering  tal- 
admirable  system  of  de- 


they  are  for  three 
the  legal  penaltic 


payu 


It  of  : 


!ars  released  from  all 
tld  forfeitures  for  non- 
nd  it  shall  be  lawful 


pay. 


ent  had  i 
fen 


March  6— President  Lincoln  sends  to 
the  U.  S.  congress  a  special  message  in 
which  ho  recommends — and  enforces,  by 
powerful  reasoning,  the  wisdom  and  policy 
of— the  adoption  of  a  joint  resolution  sub- 
stantially as  follows: 

"Resolved,  That  the  United  States 
ought  to  co-operate  with  any  state  which 
may  adopt  a  gradual  abolishment  of 
slavery;  giving  to  such  state  pecuniary 
aid— to  be  used  by  such  state  in  its  discre- 
tion— to  compensate  for  the  inconven- 
iences, public  and  private,  produced  by 
such  change  of  system." 

This  resolution  subsequently  passed  the 
house  of  representatives  by  89  to  31,  and 
on  March  24th,  the  senate  by  32  to  :o! 
Of  the  Ky.  senators,  Garret  Davis  voted 
for  it,  and  L.  W.  Powell  against  it. 

March  8 — Legislature  enacts  that  no 
judgment  by  default  shall  be  taken  .igainst 
persons  in  U.  S.  army,  and  such  cases  shall 

be    continued    for    answer Common 

schools  commenced  and  broken  up  in  1861 
may  be  taught  out  or  completed  in  1862 
11 — Any  person  prosecuted  or  in- 
dicted for  crime  may  delay  triiil,  by  enter- 
ing military  service  of  Ky.  or  U.  S.,  r 
shall  he  forfeit  his  bail  until  second  tei 

after  he  leaves  the  service Any  ci 

zen   m  Confederate  States   .army   or  ci' 
service,  or  who  gives  voluntary  aid  a 


tho 


against   the 


military  forces  of  U.  S.  or  of  Ky.  "  shall 
deemed  to  have  expatriated  himself,  and 
shall  .,0  longer  be  a  citizen  of  Ky.,  nor 
shall  he  again  be  a  citizen  except  by  per- 
mission of  the  legislature."  [This  bill 
passed  the  senate  by  13  to  4,  and  the  house 
by  45  to  26,  was  vetoed,  March  11,  by  the 
governor,  in  an  able  message,  and  passed 
again,  over  the  veto,  by  20  to  5  in  the  sen- 
ate, nnd  55  to  26  in  tho  house] 14— 

Public  printer  shall  print  hereafter  only 
the  following  number  of  copies:  1,000 
each  of  the  governor's  annual  message  and 
auditor  s  report^  250  each  of  the  reports 
of  the  state  treasurer  and  of  the  two  lunatic 
asylums;  300  each  of  the  blind  and  of  the 
deaf  and  dumb  asylums,  400  of  the  insti- 
tution for  the  education  of  feeble-minded 
children,  6,000  of  the  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  and  500  of  the  private 

acts  of  the  legislature 5  cents  addi- 

X  on  each  $100  value  of 


able 


r  $1,000  t( 
Qcasure] ; 


agres- 
in  auj  in  sums 
applicant,  [as  a 


for  them  to 

lend,  at  par  value,  U.  S.  legal  terde 
[greenbacks] 15— Proceedings  au- 
thorized "  against  the  governor,  members 
of  the  council,  and  other  ofBcers  of  the  so- 
called  provisional  government,  for  the  re- 
covery of  the  revenue  seized  by  them" 

"  Military  Board  "  reduced  to  two  persons, 
John  B.  Temple,  president,  and  Geo.  T. 
Wood,  associate,  .and  their  powers  in- 
creased  17— Sinking  fund  money  not 

hereafter  to  be  loaned,  except  to  the  state 

Limitation  to  suits  for  usury  fixed 

at  one  year State  Guard  law  repealed 

Adjourns  to  Nov.  24,  1862. 

March  — U.  S.  senate  refuses  to  expel 
Lazarus  W.  Powell,  a  senator  from  Ky.  for 
disloyalty  ;  the  vote  stood  11  in  favor  of 
Jxpulsion,  and  28  against. 

March  14— Gen.  Garfield  surprises  a 
Confederate  camp,  at  Pound  Gap,  on  the 
summit  of  the  Cumberland  mountain,  in 
Letcher  county,  and  burns  their  barracks, 
60  log  huts,  and  a  largo  quantity  of  stores  ; 
the  Confederates  fought  very  bravely,  but 
were  outnumbered  and  forced  to  retreat 
into  Virginia,  with  a  loss  of  7  in  killed 
and  wounded. 

March  18— Ex-Gov.  Chas.  S.  Morehe.ad 
released  from  confinement  at  Fort  Warren, 
Boston,  upon  his  parole,  that  "he  will  not 
aid  or  assist  the  rebellion,  either  directly 
or  indirectly." 

April  2— Hurricane  at  Paducah ;  17 
stores,  hotels,  and  the  Methodist  church, 
unroofed  and  partially  blown  down  ■  12 
persons  injured.  ' 

April  6,  7— Battle  of  Pittsburgh  Land- 
ing, or  Shiloh,  in  Hardin  Co.,  Tennessee. 
After  a  hard-fought  battle  of  10  hours,  on 
Sunday,  April  6,  the  Confederates,  31,946 
strong,  under  their  commander-in-chief 
Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  (who  was 
killed  at  2^4  p.  m.,)  drove  the  Federals  in 
signal  disorder  and  with  terrible  slaughter 
from  their  position,  and  pursued  them  to 
the  Tennessee  river,  where,  the  gun-boats 
alone  saved  them  from  annihilation  or  sur- 
render; 3,956  prisoners  had  already  been 
taken.  During  the  night,  Gen.  Grant  was 
reinforced  by  over  30,000  fresh  troops  from 
Gen.  Buell's  army  and  from  Gen.  Lew 
Wallace's  division  of  Grant's  army,  (in- 
creasing his  entire  force  to  63,000).  The 
battle  was  renewed  at  d,aylight,  on  Mon- 
day, and  raged  with  great  fury  until  4  p. 
M.,  when  the  Confederates  were  slowly  but 
steadily  forced  back,  losing  the  great  ad- 
v.antage  won  at  sueh  terrible  cost,  the  day 
before.  Their  loss  was  1,728  killed,  8.012 
wounded,  959  missing— total  10,699;  Fed- 
eral loss  1,735  killed,  7,882  wounded,  and 
3,956  taken  prisoners— total  13,573.  '  Col. 


Geo.  W.  John 
of  Ky.,  while  fighting  as 
porarily  with  Capt.  Ben, 
Ky.,  was  mortally  wounded 
Tho.  B.  Monroe,  jr.,  killed.  ( 
federate    side,    the    Kentuckia 


gov 


pnv 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


killed,  wounded  and  missing,  3d  Ky.  regi- 
ment 174,  4tli  Ky.  213,  6th  Ky.  108,  9th 
Kv.  134,  Cobb's  battery  37,  and  Byrne's 
ba"ttery  14— total  680.  On  the  Federal 
side,  were  engaged  the  1st,  2d,  and  3d 
Ky.  cavalry,  and  the  1st,  2d,  3d,  5th,  6th, 
9th,  11th,  13th,  17th,  20th,  23d,  24th,  and 
26th  Ky.  infantry;  the  1st  infantry  lost 
64,  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing,  ' 
2a  74,  3d  60,  6th  113,  13th  43,  17th  89, 
20th  24,  23d  33— total  500  ;  the  others  suf- 
fered severely,  but  to  what  extent  is  not 
known.  On  both  sides,  the  Ky.  troops 
were  conspicuous  for  gallantry  and  daring. 

April  7— Hotel  buildings  at  the  Lower 
Blue  Lick  springs,  in  Nicholas  eo.,  de- 
stroyed by  fire. 

April  12  —  U.  S.  congress  abolishes 
slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  im- 
mediately ;  appropriates  $100,000  to  colo- 
nize any  liberated  slaves  who  may  wish  to 
leave  the  U.  S.,  and  $1,000,000  out  of 
which  to  pay  to  loi/al  owners  the  value  of 
their  slaves,  not  over  $300  for  each,  if  ap- 
plied for  in  90  days. 

April  28 — Grand  jury,  in  the  Bourbon 
circuit  court,  finds  indictments  against  34 
citizens  of  the  county  who  have  entered 
the  service  of  the  Confederate  States,  and 
against  12  others  for  invading  Ky.  to  make 
war  against  the  state. 

May  5— Public  sale  of  11  slaves  at  Rich- 
mond, Madison  Co.,  at  prices  ranging  from 
$140  to  $388— average  $246. 

May  8 — Duel  in  Bracken  co.,  near  Do- 
ver, with  rifles,  at  60  yards,  between  Wm. 
T.  Casto,  formerly  mayor  of  M.aysville, 
and  Col.  Leonidas  Metcalfe.  Ciisto  chal- 
lenged, because  Metcalfe  had  arrested  and 
sent  him  a  prisoner  to  Camp  Chase,  causing 
him  to  be  confined  there,  and  at  Fort  War- 
ren, for  several  months  ;  at  the  first  fire, 
Casto  was  shot  through  from  side  to  side, 
just  below  the  heart,  and  died  in  a  few 

May  11— Col.  John  H.  Morgan's  cav- 
alry stop  a  train  on  the  Louisville  and 
Nashville  Railroad  at  Woodland,  Hart 
CO.,  and  capture  some  Federal  officers. 
Same  day,  at  Cave  City,  they  capture  and 
destroy  a  train  of  48  freight  and  two  pas- 
senger cars — expecting  to  rescue  280  Con- 
federate prisoners,  but  they  had  been  taken 
ofi'  at  Bowling  Green. 

May  12— Skirmish  in  Wolfe  co. 

June  1— Brig.  Gen.  Jerry  T.  Boyle  ap- 
pointed U.  S.  military  commandant  of  Ky., 
head  quarters  at  Louisville.  June  9th,  he 
issues  "  instructions  for  the  guidance  of 
provost  marshals,"  which  inaugurates  a 
general  system  of  arrests  for  opinions' 
sake  :  1.  All  who  joined  the  Confederate 
forces,  or  gave  them  aid  or  assistance,  or 
at  any  time  went  within  their  lines,  must 
now  report  themselves  to  certain  provost 
marshals,  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  [see 
below],  and  give  bonds  with  security  for 
their  future  good  conduct,  or  else  will  be 
arrested  and  sent  to  the  military  prison  at 
Louisville,  and  thence  to  Camp  Chase,  at 
Columbus,  Ohio,  to  await  the  action  of  the 
U.  S.  secretary  of  war;  2.  All  who  organ- 


ize or  aid  in  organizing  forces  for  the  re- 
bellion, or  guerrillas,  or  who  harbor  or 
conceal  or  give  information  or  assistance 
to  guerrillas,  must  be  arrested  and  dealt 
with  according  to  military  law;  3.  **  For 
any  thing  said  or  done  with  the  intent  to 
excite  to  rebellion,  the  oflfender  must  be 
arrested  and  his  conduct  reported,  that  he 
may  be  dealt  with  according  to  law;"  4. 
"  When  damage  shall  be  done  to  the  person 
or  property  of  loi/al  citizens  by  marauding 
bands  of  guerrillas,  the  disloyal  of  the 
neighborhood  or  county  will  be  held  re- 
eponsihle,  and  a  militari/  commiaaion  ap- 
pointed to  assess  damages  and  enforce  com- 

The  following  is  the  printed  form  of  oath 
which  all  persons  arrested  as  rebels,  or  as 
aiders  and  abettors  of  rebellion,  or  as  sym- 
pathizers with  it,  are  required  to  subscribe 
as  a  condition  of  their  discharge  : 

"  I  do  solemnly  swear  that  I  will  bear 
true  allegi.ance  to  the  United  States,  and 
support  and  sustain  the  constitution  and 
laws  thereof;  that  I  will  maintain  the 
national  sovereignty  paramount  to  that  of  all 
state,  county,  or  Confederate  powers  ;  that 
I  will  discountenance,  discourage,  and 
forever  oppose  secession,  rebellion,  and 
disintegration  of  the  Federal  Union;  that 
I  disclaim  and  denounce  all  faith  and  fel- 
lowship with  the  so-called  Confederate 
armies  ;  and  pledge  my  honor,  my  prop- 
erty, and  my  life  to  the  s.acred  perform- 
ance of  this  my  solemn  oath  of  allegiance 
to  the  government  of  the  United  States  of 

This  had  to  be  subscribed  and  sworn  to. 

Beneath  it  is  printed — "  The  penalty  for 
a  violation  of  this  oath  is  death." 

June  6— Tax  bill  passes  U.  S.  ser 
37  to  1  (Gov.  Powell,  of  Ky.) 

June  6—930  soldiers  have  died,  in  the 
military  hospitals  at  Louisville,  since  Sept. 
18,  1861— less  than  9  months. 

June  8— Gen.  Geo.  W.  Morgan's  Federal 
troops  go  from  Cumberland  Ford  through 
Wilson's  Gap  to  East  Tennessee,  to 
"flank"  the  Confederate  forces  at  Cum- 
berland G.ap,  who  evacuate  the  position. 

June  11 — Skirmish  near  Monterey,  Owen 

00. 

June  13— In  U.  S.  Senate,  Garret  Davis 
introduces  a  resolution  that  Gen.  Simon  B. 
Buckner  be  delivered  up  to  the  civil  au- 
thorities of  Ky.,  to  be  tried  for  treason. 

June  17 — Gold  at  Louisville  7  to  8  per 
cent  premium. 

June  20— Provost  marshals  being  ap- 
pointed in  every  county  In  the  state,  by 
military  governor  Boyle. 

June  20— Grand  jury  in  F.ayette  co.  find 
34  indictments  for  treason,  18  for  invading 
Ky.  to  make  war,  and    1   for   concealing 

June  22 — Federal  cav.alry  "  strike  terror 
into  the  hearts  of  traitors,"  by  making  ar- 

sts  in  I^Iorgan  co. 

June  29— Skirmish   at    Henderson,  be- 

een  "rebel  bushwhackers"  and  Cnpt. 
0.  Dailey's  company  of  Louisville  Provost 
guards. 


ate  by 


1862. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


July  1 — Gen.  Boyle  inaugurates  a  war 
on  women,  by  issuing  instructions  to  th 
provost  marslials  tiiroughout  Ky.  "to  fit 
up  quarters  for  the  imprisonment  of  such 
disloyal  females  as  they  may  find  it  nec- 

July  1 — John  B.  Temple,  president  of 
the  Ky.  Military  Board,  unites  with  the 
governors  of  17  states  in  an  appeal  for 
more  troops  to  President  Lincoln — who 
issues  his  proclamation  for  a  force  of 
300,000  men;    Kentucky's  quota  is  4,000 

July  2— John  Harman  Dills,  of  Har- 
rison CO.,  (son-in-law  of  Gen.  Lucius 
Desha,)  tried  at  Frankfort  for  treason,  and 
acquitted — the  first  trial  for  treason  that 
ever  occurred  in  Ky.  The  prosecution 
was  conducted  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States  by  James  Ilarlan,  and  the  defense 
by  Thos.  N.  Lindsey,  A.  Harry  Ward,  and 
Jas.  F.  Robinson.  When  the  news  reached 
Cynthiana,  where   Dills  resides,  a  public 

addressed  by  Wm.  W.  Trimble',  Col.  Met- 
calfe and  Col.  Berry,  and  passed  resolu- 
tions ordering  Dills  and  other  prominent 
rebels  to  leave  the  county  ;  "  an  order  was 
served  on  men,  indiscriminately,  without 
any  process  except  these  resolutions,''  to 

July  3— Many  citizens,  first  called  "  no- 
torious and  dangerous  rebels,"  then  ar- 
rested and  sent  to  the  military  prison  at 
Louisville,  to  Newport  barracks,  or  to 
Camp  Chase  at  Columbus,  Ohio.  They 
are  arrested  in  great  numbers,  and  often 
treated  very  roughly  and  cruelly — the 
very  exercise  proving  a  valuable  safety- 
valve  for  the  pent-up  valor  and  patriotism 
of  provost  marshals  and  squads  of  home 
guards  and  surplus  soldiers.  It  was  an- 
nounced from  Henderson  that'  **  the  work 
of  arrest  has  already  been  commenced, 
and  will  be  vigorously  prosecuted  until 
the  last  Jos'.  Davis  sympaihizer  is  cleaned 
out."  When  the  prisons  were  unexpect- 
edly filled,  the  device  was  invented  of  re- 
leasing some,  after  administering  an  oath 
and  requiring  $5,000  or  $10,000  or  $20,000 
bonds  with  approved  security — thus  to 
some  extent  thinning  out  the  number  in 
prison.  Daily  reports  of  the  arrivals  at 
the  prison  in  Louisville  are  published  as 
"news." 

July  8 — Brig.  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan, 
with  his  Confederate  cavalry  or  rangers, 
816  strong,  on  his  "first  Kentuckv  raid." 
At  Tompkinsville,  Monroe  Co.,  defeats  260 
of  the  3d  Pennsylvania  cavalry — loss  4 
killed,  6  wounded,  and  19  prisoners,  in- 
cluding M.aj.  Jordan,  the  commander; 
several  Confederates  wounded,  of  whom 
Col.  Hunt,  of  Georgia,  died Mor- 
gan's operator  taps  the  telegraph  line  at 
Bear  Wallow,  by  connecting  his  own  in- 
strument and  wire  with  it,  and  takes  off, 

or   sends   and    receives,   dispatches 

n — While  destroying  the  railroad  at  New 
Hope,  Nelson  CO.,  a  train  of  Federal 
troops  comes  up  and  drives  off  the  Con- 
federates, worsting  them  ;  but  after  a  short  I 


skirmish,  the  train  goes  back  towards 
Louisville 12 — Morgan  captures  Leb- 
anon, after  defeating  and  taking  prisoners 
Lieut.  Col.  Ah.  Y.  Johnson  and  a  small 
force  of  the  28th  Ky.  stationed  there,  and 
burns    the    U.   S.   government   warehouse 

with  $60,000  of  stores Passes  through 

Springfield Some  of  his  scouts  en- 
gage the  Home  Guards  at  Macksville, 
Washington  co.,  and  have  3  wounded  and 
2  captured,  but  they  are  released  on  nego- 
tiation  13 — At  Harrodsburg  ;  Mor- 
gan detaches  Col.  Gano  to  burn  railroad 
bridges,  to  prevent  troops  being  sent  from 
Louisville  and  Cincinnati  to  intercept  him 

15 — At  Midway,  while  the  railway 

track  was  being  torn  up,  his  telegraph  oper- 
ator, G.  A.  Ellsworth,  cantures  AVoolum, 
the  local  operator,  with  hiS  office  and  signal 
book  ;  and  by  telegraph  "strategy"  changes 
the  plans  of  Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  T.  Ward,  at 
Lexington  head  quarters,  prevents  troops 
being  sent  against  the  raiders,  and  prepares 
for  a  pleasant  two-diiys'  sojourn  in  Scott 

county 17  — At    Georgetown,    Col. 

Gano  puts  under  arrest  J.  Stoddard  Johns- 
ton (afterwards  lieutenant  colonel  on  Gen. 
John  C.  Breckinridge's  staff)  and  other 
Southern  "  sympathizers." 

July  12,  13 — Immense  excitement  and 
alivrm  at  Louisville  and  Cincinnati,  from 
exaggerated  reports  of  Morgan's  force 
and  exploits.  Late  Saturday  night.  Gen. 
Boyle  telegraphs  to  Mayor  Hatch,  of  Cin- 
cinnati:  "A  regiment  from  Indiana  will 
arrive  here  on  Sunday  morning.  We  will 
have  to  defend  this  city,  and  Cincinnati 
must  defend  Lexington.  Morgan,  with 
1,600  men,  has  burned  Perryville,  and  is 
is  marching  on  Danville."  Maj.  F.  G. 
Bracht  telegraphs  from  Lexington,  on 
13th  :  "  Some  of  Morgan's  men,  400  strong, 
are  now  near  Nicholnsville  ;  our  pickets  are 
falling  back  ;  we  shall  have  hot  work  to- 
night;  Morgan  is  evidently  coming  by 
two  or  three  roads."  Other  dispatches, 
of  even  more  alarming  tenor,  came  in 
from  several  places.  At  9J^  p.  M.,  13th, 
the  mayor  of  Cincinnati  received  a  dis- 
patch, purporting  to  be  from  Gen.  Boyle, 
stating  that  Morgan  was  moving  upon 
Louisville,  and  asking  that  all  available 
assistance  be  sent  there.  Thus  mystery 
was  added  to  terror,  and  terror  increased 
the  mystery.  At  Lexington,  all  able- 
bodied  citizens  of  the  city  and  county 
were  ordered  to  report  at  the  court  house 
forthwith,  to  bo  armed  for  the  defense  of 
:ity  ;  "the  drinking  saloons  were  all 
closed;"  1,000  horses  were  impressed; 
.  Ward  was  reported  to  be  "  terribly 
3arnest."  The  Frankfort  banks  re- 
ed their  money  to  Louisville.  Col.  J. 
W.  Dudley,  with  112  policemen  from  Cin- 
'nnati.  hastened  to  Lexington,  and  Capt. 
Wm.  H.  Glass  with  a  brass  12-pounder 
and  4  fire-engine  horses  to  the  aid  of  Cyn- 
hiana  ;  while  Col.  Wm.  Henry  Wadsworth, 
vith  85  men,  from  Maysville  and  Wash- 
ngton,  hastened  gallantly  to  the  relief  of 
Paris. 

July  12— Skirmish  at  Camden,  Anderson 


104 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


CO.,  between  Dr.  Tom  Allen,  of  Taylors- 
ville,  with  70  men,  and  the  Shelbyville 
home  guards  under  Mr.  Elder;  the  latter 
lost  2  men  killed  and  a  few  prisoners. 
Elder  was  making  arrests,  and  was  resisted 
by  Allen. 

July  13— Gen.  Boyle,  at  his  Louisville 
headquarters,  issues  an  order  "that  every 
able-bodied  man  take  arms  and  aid  in  re- 
pelling the  marauders ;  every  man  who 
does  not  join  will  remain  in  his  house  48 
hours,  and  be  shot  doicn  if  he  leaves  it." 
M.nj.  Braeht,  provost  marshal  at  Lexing- 
ton, re-publishes  the  order,  saying  it  "  will 
be  rigidly  enforced,  and  those  not  uniting 


then 


the 


houses  from  2)^  p.m."  "  The  effect  of  the 
proclamation  is  to  keep  the  secessionists 
housed  up,  for  Vear  of  being  shot  j  they 
cannot  procure  .arms ;  every  white  man  on 
the  street  is  armed  to  the  teeth  ;  every 
thing  here  seems  stagnant ;  three-fourths 
of  the  stores  and  manufactories  are  closed  ; 
every  face  wears  a  sickly,  frightened  look  ; 
men  speak  to  each  other  of  Morgan,  as 
though  his  name  were  to  them  what  that 
of  Richard  of  the  Lion  Heart  was  to  the 
Saracens." 

July  16 — Arresis  of  citizens  charged  with 
"disloyalty"  increasing;  27  of  "the 
wealthiest  and  most  influential  citiiens 
(rebels)  of  Grant  and  Pendleton  counties 
captured  and  tiiken  to  Camp  Chase  ;"  "  a 
fine  haul  of  .35  secesh  prisoners  picked  up 
in  Grant,  Pendleton,  Owen  and  Harrison, 
quartered  temporarily  in  Newport  bar- 
racks;" 13  "placed  in  the  military  prison  at 
Louisville,  to-day,  7  of  them  from  Hopkins 
CO.;"  11  "  admitted  "  on  yesterday  ;  18th,  8 
"  lodged"  in  the  same  prison,  and  33  re- 
moved from  it  to  the  Indiana  penitentiary 
at  Jeffersonville.  [Such  are  the  daily  re- 
ports in  the  Louisville  papers.] 

July  16— Adam  R.  Johnson,  with  32 
men,  crosses  the  Ohio  river,  and  captures 
Newburgh,  Warrick  co.,  Indiana,  14  miles 
above  Evansville,  paroles  85  Federal  sol- 
diers, sick  in  hospital,  and  takes  with  him 
200  guns. 

July  17 — President  Lincoln  sends  to 
congress  his  message  vetoing  the  "  Act  to 
suppress  ^treason  and  rebellion,  to  seize 
and  confiscate  the  property  of  rebels,  and 
for  other  purposes,"  but  nevertheless 
signs  the' bill  because  of  an  "  cvplanatory 
resolution  "  passed  by  congress. 

July  17— Battle  at  Cynthiana,  Harrison 
CO.  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan's  Confederate 
rangers  defeat  a  detachment  of  the  18th 
Ky.,  the  home  guards,  Capt.  Arthur's  com- 
pany from  Newport,  and  Billy  Glass'  16 
Cincinnati  firemen  and  12-pounder,  nearly 
500  troops,  under  Lieut.  Col.  John  J.  Lan- 
dram.  The  contest  continued  very  bravely 
and  desperately  for  about  two  hours ;  a 
few  citizens  quietly  explored  cellars,  while 
the  fight  in  the  street  was  so  hot.  Col. 
Landram  escaped,  with  a  few  men.  Gen. 
Duke  says  420  prisoners  were  taken  and 
paroled.  16  Federals  and  14  Confederates 
were  killed,  and  about  40  wounded  on 
each  side.     The  railroad  decot  and  about 


300  muskets  were  burned.  Camp  Frazier 
and  a  large  amount  of  government  stores 
destroyed, 

July  18 — About  sundown,  Morgan's  cav- 
alry reached  Paris,  which  had  already  been 
surrendered  by  a  deputation  sent  out  to 
meet  them.  About  8  o'clock,  next  morn- 
ing, they  resumed  their  march  for  Rich- 
mond, greatly  hastened  by  the  approach 
of  Gen.  Green  Clay  Smith,  with  over  1,200 
men,  who  killed  2,  wounded  6,  and  took  a 
few  prisoners  from  the  retreating  body. 
Morgan  reached  Winchester  about  12  u., 
and  Richmond  at  4  next  A.  M.,  having 
rested  4  hours  at  the  former  place.  20th, 
at  4  p.  M.,  he  left  Richmond,  at  11  i.'  M., 
was  at  Crab  Orchard,  and  at  sundown  at 
Somerset — at  which  two  places  he  de- 
stroyed 130  government  wagons  and  many 
army  stores  ;  thence,  through  Monticello, 
to  Tennessee.     His  oiEcial  report  says  : 

"  I  left  Knoxville,  July  4th,  with  about 
900  men,  and  returned  to  Livingston, 
Tenn.,  on  the  28th,  with  nearly  1,200 
men  ;  having  been  absent  just  24  days — 
during  which  I  traveled  over  1,000  miles, 
captured  17  towns,  destroyed  all  the  gov- 
ernment supplies  and  arms  in  them,  cap- 
tured 300  government  horses  at  Cynthiana, 
dispersed  about  1,500  home  guards,  and 
paroled  nearly  1,200  regular  troops.  I 
lost,  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing,  of 
the  number  that  I  carried  into  Ky.,  about 
90." 

July  IS— Congress  adjourned  yesterday, 
after  appropriating  about  $800,000,000,  of 
which  $660,000,000   for   carrying   on    the 

war Made  post-ofiice  stamps  a  legal 

tender  [owing  to  the  great  scarcity  of 
small  change  caused  by  hoarding  silver] 
Postponed  action  on  the  bill,  recom- 
mended by  President  Lincoln,  appropri- 
ating $200,000,000  for  the  border  slave 
states'  emancipation,  and  for  colonization 

Senate  failed  to  act  on  a  bill  which 

passed  the  house,  providing  for  the  trial 
or  discharge  of  state  prisoners  ;  and  re- 
pealed the  bill  for  a  military  railroad 
through  Ky.  into  East  Tennessee. 

July  21 — Gen.  Boyle  issues  the  follow- 
ing: 

Headquarters  TI.  S.  Force.s  in  Ky.,  1 
Louisville,  July  21,  1862.  | 
General  Order  ^^o.  5. 

The  following  general  order  is  issued, 
to  be  enforced  by  military  commanders  in 
the  district  of  Ky.: 

No  person  hostile  in  opinion  to  the  gov- 
ernment and  desiring  its  overthrow,  will 
be  allowed  to  stand  for  office  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Ky.  The  attempt  of  such  a  per- 
son to  stand  for  office  will  be  regarded  as 
in  itself  sufficient  evidence  of  his  treason- 
able intent  to  warrant  his  arrest.  He  who 
desires  the  overthrow  of  the  government 
can  seek  office  under  the  government  only 
to  promote  its  overthrow.  In  seeking  of- 
fice he  becomes  an  active  traitor,  if  he  has 
never  become  one  otherwise  ;  and  is  liable 
both  in  reason  and  in  law  to  be  treated 
accordingly.  All  persons  of  this  descrip- 
tion who  persist  in  offering  themselves  as 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


candidates  for  office  will  be  arrested  and 
sent  to  these  headquarters. 

By  command  of  Brig.  Gen.  Boyle. 

JOHN  BOYLE,  Capt.  and  A.  A.  G. 
July  21 — An  order  issued  yesterday 
(Sunday)  by  Gen.  Boyle,  in  Louisville,  re- 
quiring secessionists  and  suspected  persons 
to  give  up  such  arms  as  they  had  in  their 
possession,  is  faithfully  executed  by  the 
provost  guard. 

July  22— Gold  in  Louisville  19(Sj20  per 

July  22— Two  Louisville  religious  news- 
papers, Tlie  True  Fresbi/terian,  edited  by 
Rev.  Stuart  Robinson,  D.  D.,  and  Tlie 
BoptCat  Recorder,  edited  by  Rev.  Mr.  Dun- 
can, suppressed  by  military  order,  and  the 
latter  gentleman  sent  to  the  military 
prison  in  Louisville.  ^ 

July  22—1,000  Federal  troops  from  Ev- 
ansville,  Ind.,  at  1  a.  m.,  cross  the  Ohio 
river,  march  to  and  surround  Henderson, 
but  the  Confederate  troops  who  had  held 
that  town  for  some  days  had  prudently 
slipped  away. 

July  23^ — Several  ^'secesh'*  houses  in 
Newport  searched,  and  the  following  rebel 
music  found  and  seized  :  "  John  Morgan's 
Schottische,  "  "Jeff.  Davis'  March," 
"Beauregard's  March,"  ''Bonnie  Blue 
Flag,"  "Southern  Marseillaise,"  and 
"Maryland,  my  Maryland." 

July  26— Rev.  Thos  A.  Hoyt,  of  Louis- 
ville, and  Rev.  Jas.  H.  Brooks,  of  St. 
Louis — both  Presbyterian  clergymen ar- 
rested in  Cincinnati  for  supposed  disloy- 
alty, their  persons  and  baggage  searched, 
and  they  imprisoned  in  Newport  barracks. 
Rev.  S.  D.  Baldwin,  Rev.  R.  Ford,  and 
Rev.  E.  D.  Elliott,  from  Nashville,  shipped 
to  Camp  Chase,  on  same  ch.arge.  Rev. 
Thos.  J.  Fisher,  the  celebrated  Baptist 
"  revival  preacher,"  .arrested  in  Campbell 
CO.,  and  taken  to  Newport  barracks  ;  and 
Rev.  W.  Yl.  Hopson,  of  the  Reformed  or 
Christian  church  in  Lexington,  taken  to 
Louisville.  Other  arrests  of  preachers 
being  made  all  over  the  state.  Daniel 
Mooar  and  James  O'Hnra,  of  Covinn-ton 
Col.  Thos.  L.  Jones  and  Hubbard  D.' 
Helm,  of  Newport,  Gen.  Lucius  Desha 
and  ex-mayor  Sam.  January,  of  Cynthi- 
ana,  and  hundreds  of  prominent  citizens, 
put  under  arrest.  Fears  of  the  result  of 
a.Jree  election,  on  Monday  next,  is  said  to 
have  instigated  many  arrests. 

July  26— All  the  inhabitants  of  Casey- 
viUe,  Union  Co.,  except  3  who  escape, 
taken  prisoners  by  a  gun-boat ;  she  after- 
wards released  all  but  19,  who  were  taken 
to  Evansville,  Ind.,  as  prisoners. 

July    28— By    order    of    Gen.    Boyle,  a 
prison    prepared    at    Newport   for  "  rebel 
"     -•■—  they  will  be  required  to 


t^'rannical  to  be  actually  enforced — con- 
tinue as  candidates,  until  individually 
threatened  with  arrest  unless  they  with- 
draw iimlanter.  They  acquiesce  gracefully. 
July  29— The  surrender  of  Mt.  Sterling 
demanded,  and  the  town  attacked,  by  over 
200  men  who  are  reported  to  be  on  their 
way  to  join  the  Confederate  army;  they 
are  defeated,  with  6  killed,  as  many 
wounded,  and  about  50  prisoners. 

July  29— Russellville,  Logan  co.,  cap- 
lured  by  Col.  R.  M.  Gano's  Confederate 
cavalry  ;  several  U.  S.  officers  killed  or 
wounded. 

Aug.  2— Three  ladies,  of  Harrodsburg, 
brought  to  Louisville  by  one  Capt.  Jack 
Mann,  and  put  in  the  military  prison. 

Aug.    2— Steamboat   Commodo 
collapses  a  flue,  takes   fire,  and 
the  water's  edge,  at  Louisville  ;  3  firemen 
lost,  and  2  other  hands  badly  scalded. 

Aug.  4— Election  forjudges  and  county 
officers.  Vote  small;  "Union"  ticket 
successful  every-where,  because  any  oppo- 
sition was  prevented  by  the  military.  R. 
K.  Williams  elected  judge  of  the  court  of 
appeals  from  the  4th  or  Paducah  district. 
Aug.  4— Skirmish  at  Piketon,  Pike  co., 
between  guerrillas  and  home  guards ;  for- 
mer retreat.  5th,  another  skirmish  near 
Piketon  ;  9  guerrillas  killed  ;  they  are  re- 
and    the   home  guards    are    de- 


Perry 


feated. 
.,  9°h 


6— Skii 


Peter  creek.  Pike 
le  guards   killed,  and   as    many 
crrillas  ;  former  defeated. 
Au^g.  9—"  Guerrillas  "  capture  Calhoon 
McLean  co.,  and  threaten 


sew  for  the  Fede 

July  28— Samuel  M.  Moore,  now  circuit 
judge  of  the  Covington  district,  and  can- 
didate for  re-election,  AVill.  S.  Pry  or  of 
New  Castle,  Pat.  U.  Major,  of  Frankfort, 
and  some  other  candidates — believing  Gen 
Boyle's  "Order  No.  5"  designed  only  for 


'  moral   effect," 


and 


17th 


other  to 

Aug.  10— Gen.  Boyle  appoints  Col.  Henry 
Dent,  of  Louisville,  provost  marshal  gen- 
eral for  the  state,  to  whose  orders  all  county 
provost  marshals  are  subject. 

Aug.  12— Adj.  Gen.  Finnell  telegraphs 
that  "no  more  volunteers  for  one  year 
mounted  men  will  be  received  ;  the  regi- 
ments are  now  full  to  overflowing." 

Aug.  14— Col.  Leonidas  Metcalfe  pays 
the  Mayor  of  Cincinnati,  by  check  on  the 
Paris  Deposit  Bank,  $1,800  "  in  full  for  8 
horses  and  harness  captured  by  Morgan's 
Cynthiana,  in  the  battle  of  July 
t."  This  money  was  part  of  a 
large  sum  extorted,  levied  upon,  or  forced 
from  Southern  sympathizers  in  that  part 
of  Ky.,  under  a  military  threat  of  "  Your 
money,  or  Camp  Chase." 

Aug.  14— Legislature,  which  had  ad- 
journed over  from  March  17  to  Nov.  24, 
meets  in  extraordinary  session,  in  accord- 
ance with  Gov  Magoffin's  proclamation  of 
July  28,  in  which  he  says  :  »  »  «  "I 
t  a  soldier  or  a  dollar  to  protect 
property  and  liberties  of  the 
people,  or  to  enforce  the  laws.  Daily  ap- 
peals are  being  made  to  me  as  the  gov- 
ernor of  the  state,  to  protect  our  citizens 
from  marauding  bands,  and  in  the  peace- 
njoyment  ot  their  property  and  rights 
:ion.     I  am  without  the 


the 


Oder  the 


left: 


afford  relief;  .and 
.  to  appeal  to  you, 


106 


ANXALS    OF   KENTUCKJ. 


1362 


their  representatires— in  the  hope  that  it 
will  not  be  in  vain."     «     »     '' 

Aug.  15— Gov.  Magoffin's  message  to 
the  legislature  gives  the  auditor's  state- 
ment of  the  finances,  on  July  31.  1862: 

Total  in  Treasury $423,935 

Of  this,  belongs  to  Kevenue...     84,169 

To  Sinking  Fund  proper 169,419 

To  School  Fund  proper 126,347 

To  Military  Fund 43,998 

He  then  calls  "  serious  attention  to  the 
interference  by  the  military  with  the  civil 
authorities,  to  the  arrest  of  our  citizens 
without  authority  of  law,  and  to  their  pro- 
tection in  the  enjoyment  of  the  right  of 
suffrage,  their  right  to  become  candidates 
for  and  to  hold  office,  and  enjoy  their 
property,  as  peaceful  and  law-abiding 
citizens,  under  the  constitution  and  laws." 
His  message  is  a  very  thorough  and  able 
resume — by  quotations — of  the  positions, 
promises  iind  assurances  of  the  general 
government,  the  president,  cabinet  officers, 
and  military  leaders — now  changed,  broken 
and  disregarded  ;  of  the  unjust  and  uncon- 
stitutional action  of  congress,  and  its  as- 
tounding violations  of  plighted  faith  ;  of 
the  exactions,  oppressions  and  violence  of 
the  military,  and  its  subversion  and  over- 
throw of  the  courts  and  the  law.  It  is 
also  an  out-spoken  and  powerful  vindica- 
tion of  the  early  and  true  policy  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  of  his  own  official  consistency 
and  fidelity.  The  message  was  accompa- 
nied by  eleven  most  extraordinary  docu- 
ments— Kentucky's  first  realization  in  her 
seventy  years  of  state  life,  of  the  painful 
experience  of  all  nations  in  all  ages,  '•inter 
arma  leges  silent."  Nos.  1  to  9  embrace 
the  correspondence  between  circuit  judge 
AViley  P.  Fowler,  of  Smithland,  county 
judge  G.  A.  Flournoy  and  county  clerk 
Tho.  D.  Grundy,  of  Paducah,  Col.  S. 
Noble  commanding  U.  S.  forces  at  Padu- 
cah, Gov.  Magoffin,  representative  in  con- 
gress John  J.  Crittenden,  and  secretary  of 
war  Edwin  M.  Stanton — complaining,  as 
the  last  named  dignitary  calls  it,  "  of  the 
interference  by  the  United  States  troops 
in  preventing  the  holding  of  state  courts." 
May  13,  while  Judge  Fowler  was  holding 
court  at  Marion,  Crittenden  co.,  Capt. 
Stacy,  with  a  body  of  U.  S.  cavalry  from 
Paducah,  put  a  guard  at  the  doors,  and 
sent  up  the  following : 
Headquarters  United  States  Forces,] 
Paducah,  Ky.,  May  12,  1862.  ] 
Hon.  W.  P.  Fowi.ee:  Sir:  I  am  in- 
formed that  many  of  the  officers  of  your 
court  in  different  counties  are  secessionists, 
and  have  not  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance  ; 
that  they  are  constantly  oppressing  Union 
men,  and  talking  tre.Tson  in  the  very 
presence  of  the  court.  These  things  should 
not  be.  The  Union  army  came  here  to 
sustain  and  defend  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  to  protect  Union  men,  and 
punish  treason  wherever  it  may  be  found, 
whether  in  high  or  low  places.  So  far  as 
I  myself  am  concerned,  I  shall  try  to  do 
so.  I  understand  that  Capt.  Duval  has 
been  indicted  and  imprisoned  for  being  in 


some  way  concerned  in  arresting  traitors. 
If  that  be  so,  he  must  be  at  once  released. 
When  I  took  command  of  this  post,  I  was 
instructed  that  no  officer  would  be  per- 
mitted to  act  in  any  official  capacity  what- 
ever who  did  not  take  the  oath  to  support 
the  coustituHon  of  the  United  States  and  of 
the  state  of  Kentucky.  That  rule  has  been 
strictly    adhered   to    in    this    county,  and 


the 


authority  i 
see  that  w 
All  ju 


nfor 


where  you  hold  court  it  is  aone. 
rs,  both  grand  and  petit,  should 
th   before    being    impanneled.     1 
want  a  record  of  such  oath  sent  to  these  head- 
quarters. KespectfuUy  yours, 

S.  NOBLE, 
Colonel  Commanding  Post. 

Judge  Fowler  "  refused  to  comply  with 
the  order,  declined  to  yield  to  any  dicta- 
tion by  military  authority  as  to  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties  as  presiding  officer  of 
the  court,  and  ordered  an  immediate  ad- 
journment until  court  in  course."  Capt. 
Stacy  then  informed  him  that  no  person 
should  leave  the  court  house  until  the  oath 
was  taken,  that  he  (Judge  F.)  was  under 
arrest,  and  would  be  released  upon  his 
parole  of  honor  to  appear  at  Paducah  on 
May  21.  Four  members  of  the  bar,  who 
refused  to  take  the  oath,  were  immediately 
arrested  and  put  under  bond  to  appear  at 
Paducah. 

To  Judge  Fowler's  letter  advising  him 
fully  of  these  facts.  Gov.  Magoffin,  May  20, 
replied  :  "  For  the  dignity  of  the  bench, 
for  the  honor  of  the  state,  in  the  name  of 
the  liberties  of  our  people,  I  hope  you  will 
pay  no  attention  to  the  illegal,  unconsti- 
tutional, and  tyrannical  action  of  Capt. 
Stacy.  Go  on,  and  hold  your  courts,  under 
the  laws  and  constitution,  and  do  not  de- 
grade yourself,  your  district,  or  the  state, 
by  appearing  at  Paducah  before  this  mili- 
tary subaltern,  no  matter  by  whose  order. 
Each  department  of  the  government  must 
be  preserved  within  its  legitimate  sphere 
of  action,  or  we  are  lost.  I  will  send  your 
communication  to  the  president." 

Judge  Fowler's  reply.  May  23,  says  he 
.appeared  at  Paducah,  in  obedience  to  his 
parole  :  that  Col.  John  T.  Bunch,  of  Hen- 
derson, and  Ben.  P.  Cisscll,  of  Morgan- 
field,  desired  his  presence  to  assist  them  to 
get  released,  in  which  he,  so  far,  had 
failed.  When  first  taken  at  Marion,  they 
refused  to  take  the  oath  as  then  presented. 
Now  they  were  willing  ;  but  an  additional 
stipulation  w.as  so  repulsive  that  they  de- 
clined ;  as  attornevs,  they  had  repeatedly 
taken  the  oaths  ].rc<cribed  in  the  constitu- 
tion and  laws  of  Ky.;  they  knew  of  no 
law  requiring  them  to  take  the  oath  now 
presented;  but  most  earnestly  did  they 
object  to  the  surrender  of  their  rights,  if 
proceeded  against  for  its  violation,  from 
the  civil  to  a  military  tribunal.  The  oath 
required  of  them  was  : 

"  I ,  of county,  and 

state  of  Kentucky,  do  solemnly  swear,  that 
I  will  support,  protect  and  defend  the 
constitution  and  government  of  the  United 


1862. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


107 


faith 


ainst  all  enemies,  whether  do- 
foreign  ;  that  I  will  bear  true 
allegiance  and  loyalty  to  the 
same,  antj  ordinance,  resolution,  or  law  of 
nnt/  state  notwithstanding ;  and  further,  that 
I  will  well  and  faithfully  perform  all  the 
duties  which  may  be  required  of  me  by 
the  laws  of  the  United  States;  and  I  take 
this  oath  freely  and  voluntarily,  without 

soever— with  a  full  and  clear  understand- 
ing that  death,  or  other  punishment,  by  the 
judgment  of  a  militartj  commission,  will  be 
the  penalty  for  the  violation  of  this  my 
solemn  oath  and  parole  of  honor." 

The  same  oath  was  attempted  to  be 
exacted  of  Judge  Flournoy  and  clerk 
Grundy— who  told  Col.  Noble  they  had 
taken  all  the  oaths  required  by  the  laws 
of  Ky.,  and  could  not  and  would  not  take 
any  other,  nor  would  they  resign  their 
oflBces.  They  were  straightway  prohibited 
from  exercising  any  of  the  functions  of 
either  office,  .and  the  clerk's  office  was 
closed  to  business. 

Gov.  Magoffin,  in  a  stirring  letter,  May 
25,  enclosed  these  documents  to  Mr.  Crit- 
tenden, who,  June  2,  laid  them  all  before 
the  secretary  of  war,  asking  earnest  and 
prompt  attention,  and  adding:  *' It  is 
true  that  judges  may  be  guilty  as  well  as 
others,  and  ought,  as  others,  to  be  respon- 
sible for  their  conduct ;  but  that  is  an  in- 
dividual responsibility,  and  does  not  war- 
rant indignity,  much  less  violence,  to  the 
established  courts  of  the  state.  Disre- 
spect to  them  is  disrespect  to  the  state, 
and  that  surely  cannot  be  necessary  to 
the  proper  repression  of  rebellious  move- 
ments in  Ky." 

Five  days  after,  June  7,  the  secretary 
of  war  notified  Mr.  Crittenden  "  that  the 
papers  have  been  referred  to  Maj.  Gen. 
Halleck,  who  has  command  of  that  de- 
partment, ybr  investigation  and  report." 

The  10th  document  accompanying  the 
governor's  message  was  a  letter  from  J. 
M.  Bigger,  of  Padueah,  Ky.,  dated  July 
S,  1862,  and  addressed  to  Gov.  Magoffin, 
in  which  he  says: 


thii 


ing 


shal  at  this  place,  by  command  of  Brig. 
Gen.  Boyle,  directing  me  to  decline  the 
office  of  circuit  judge  of  the  first  judicial 
district ;  and  upon  my  failure  to  comply,  1 
am  informed  that  I  will  be  reported  under 
arrest  to  headquarters  United  States  forces 
nt  Louisville,  Ky.  I  possess  the  con- 
stitutional qualifications  for  said  office, 
and  have  been  and  am  loyal  to  my  state 
and  general  government;  and  do  not 
wish  to  be  deprived  of  my  constitutional 
rights  when  no  charge  can  be  made  against 
me.  I  hope  you  will  advise  me  what 
course  to  pursue,  and  afford  me  such  pro- 
tection as  is  in  your  power." 

The  11th  document  was  a  letter  to  the 
governor,  from  "  Camp  Chase,  Ohio,  Aug. 
6,  1862,  Prison  No.  2,"  from  93  citizens 
of  Ky.   who  had  been    arrested    between 


May  23  and  Aug.  4  ;  setting  forth  "  that, 
while  in  the  peaceful  pursuit  of  their  le- 
gitimate business  at  home,  without  war- 
rant or  law,  they  had  been  arrested  by 
force  that  over))Owered  them,  placed  in 
confinenent  in  different  prisons  in  Ky.  and 
then  brought  to  this  prison  in  another 
stale  ;  that  they  were  Law-abiding  citizens 
of  Ky.  and  of  the  U.  S.,  and  had  not  vio- 
lated the  laws  of  either  ;  that  they  were 
denied  a  trial  by  any  tribunal  known  to 
the  laws  of  our  common  country,  but 
were  compelled  to  remain  there  in  prison, 
away  from  their  homes,  wives,  children, 
relations,  and  friends,  who  were  not  per- 
mitted to  see  them — all  verbal  communi- 
cations being  refused  them."  They  prayed 
the  legislature  "  to  take  speedy  action  in 
their  behalf,  that  they  might  have  a  trial 
before  their  peers  in  their  own  state,  and 
be  able  to  meet  their  accusers  face  to  face, 
and  be  dealt  with  according  to  law."  The 
letter  was  signed  by  : 

From  Campbell  co.,  27— Robert  Mad- 
dox,  Hubbard  D.  Helm,  Peter  G.  Arthur, 
G.  S.  Skilbeck,  Rev.  Thos.  J.  Fisher,  John 
P.  Jackson,  A.  D.  Daniel,  Jesse  Yelton, 
S.  B.  Arnold,  Jas.  S.  Digby,  h.  \V.  Woods, 
Jas.  McKibbin,  A.  D.  Furnish,  Geo.  F. 
Trusdell,  Andrew  C.  Spahr,  Jos.  Spahr, 
Jas.  W.  Shanks,  Wm.  Wiscer,  Lewis 
Stearns,  Geo.  D.  Allen,  Sol.  MoDade, 
Francis  M.  Royse.  Pat.  AValsh,  John 
Lightfoot,  Geo.  W.  Lightfoot,  John  Kiser, 
ami  A.  J.  Galbraith  ; 

From  Kenton  Co.,  11— Wm.  Henry  Tar- 
vin,  Henry  Zell,  S.  Webster,  Wm.  Long, 
J.  J.  Childress,  Wyatt  Morgan,  Wm. 
Smith,  Silas  Sparrow,  J.  W.  Pelly,  W.  H. 
H.  Pluramer,  and  C.  G.  Waller; 

From  Grant  oo.,  15—0.  D.  McManama, 
Dr.  R.  G.  Harrington,  John  DeHart, 
Gideon  Kinman,  John  A.  Turner,  John  H. 
Webb,  0.  P.  Billiter,  V.  Simon,  Jacob 
Isaaek,  Jas.  W.  Evans,  Jas.  C.  Woodyard, 
John  J.  Ilensley,  John  F.  Flege,  Esau 
Bayers,  and  G.  W.  Ferrill  ; 

From  Harrison  co.,  12— Perry  Wherritt, 
Larkin  G.-irnett,  AVm.  Clevel.md,  Samuel 
F.  J.anuary,  Jos.  Daugherty,  Dudley  Cur- 
tis, Young  H.  Doan,  John  B.  Doan,  John 
S.  McKinney,  Jas.  Wilson,  Joel  Beagle, 
and  Joshua  King  ; 

From  Pendleton  CO.,  9— Geo.  L.  Aber- 
nathy,  Jas.  Williams,  Jas.  H.  Cleveland, 
Samuel  Brock,  S.  S.  Slater,  Jas.  A.  Black- 
,  Asa  Tomlin,  Henry  Nunamaker,  acd 
J.  T.  Blackburn  ; 

From  Bracken  co.,  5 — Marma  Slade,  J. 
Cross  Diltz,  Richard  Taylor,  David  Wood, 
and  J.as.  McDonald  ; 

From  Owen  co.,  4— Thos.  P.  Herndon, 
R.  H.  Smith,  Jas.  Fitzgerald,  and  M.  W. 
Yates  ; 

From  Barren  co.,  4— S.  S.  Fan-is,  J.  H. 
Farris,  Pouncy  Nuckols,  and  Jos.  M. 
Dickey  ; 

From  Todd  co.,  3— Chas.  Armstrong, 
Chas.  Wilson  Armstrong,  and  Jas.  Harvey 

•om    Montgomery    co.,    1  —  Geo.    H. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


From  Fayette  co.,  1 — Jerome  P.  Frazer  ; 

From  Bourbon  Co.,  1— W.  P.  Payne. 

Aug.  13— Skirmish  at  Allen's  Springs, 
Allen  CO. 

Aug.  15— Col.  Wm.  P.  Boone,  of  the 
28th  Ky.,  and  223  of  his  officers  and  men, 
who  were  taken  prisoners  at  Gallatin, 
Tenn.,  Aug.  12,  by  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan, 
and  paroled,  reach  Louisville. 

Aug.  16 — The  Louisville  Journal  says 
that  Morgan  was  the  only  county  in  which 
Gen.  Boyle's  order  forbidding  rebels  to  be 
candidates  was  openly  violated.  The  se- 
cret of  it  was  the  absence  of  Federal  sol- 
diers to  enforce  the  order,  and  the  pres- 
ence of  guerrillas  to  enable  the  "  rebels  " 
to  vote. 

Aug.  16— Skirmish  at  John  Demon- 
bron's,  2K  miles  from  Mammoth  Cave,  Ed- 
monson CO.;  home  guards  defeat  a  Con- 
federate company,  killing  the  captain, 
wounding  9,  and  taking  77  prisoners. 

Aug.  16  —  Sudden  and  extraordinary 
change  in  state  policy  inaugurated.  Gov. 
Magoffin  intimates  his  intention  of  resign- 
ing, provided  a  successor  is  chosen  to  suit 
him,  but  not  olhennise.  The  office  of  lieu- 
tenant governor  being  vacant  by  the  death 
of  Linn  Boyd,  the  speaker  of  the  senate 
becomes  governor  in  case  of  the  resignation 
of  the  governor. 

In  the  senate,  John  F.  Fisk  resigns  the 
speakership,  in  these  words  : 

"  Senators  :  I  arise  to  perform  what  I 
consider  a  high  patriotic  duty — a  duty  to 
Kentucky  and  to  the  nation.  It  comes  to 
me  from  gentlemen  in  whom  I  have  the 
highest  confidence,  that  if  I  vacate  my 
position  as  speaker  of  the  senate  it  will 
result  in  giving  to  the  commonwealth  an 
executive  who  will  be  able  to  act  harmo- 
niously and  energetically  with  the  loyal 
sentiment  of  the  people.  I  have  but  one 
rule  of  action.  Let  me  see  clearly  that 
any  course  of  conduct  is  a  duty  I  owe 
to  myself,  my  country,  or  my  God,  and  I 
am  decided  at  once.  Surrounded  as  we 
are  with  perils  to  our  state  and  nation,  I 
sacrifice  myself  with  pleasure,  believing 
that,  under  different  auspices,  we  may 
secure  internal  peace,  save  the  state,  and 
serve  the  national  cause.  We  must  rescue 
the  state  and  nation  from  the  power  of  this 
rebellion.  Before  I  retire  from  the  high 
position  which  I  hold  by  your  suffrage,  I 
wish  to  return  to  you  my  grateful  thanks 
for  the  repeated  evidences  you  have  given 

These  tokens  of  your  approbation  I  shall 
jherish  while  I  live.  I  return  the  trust 
confided  to  me,  and  now  resign  the  posi- 
tion of  speaker  of  this  body." 

The  senate  unanimously  adopts  a  series 
of  resolutions  highly  complimentary  to 
senator  Fisk,  for  his  dignity,  firmness,  and 
urbanity,  and  for  "  voluntarily  retiring 
from  the  oflice  of  speaker,"  thereby  show- 
ing "  a  patriotism  above  all  selfishness, 
and  manifesting  that  he  is  ready  at  all 
times  to  forego  the  allurements  of  personal 
ambition  whenever  he  can  thereby  in  any 
manner  promote  the  public  good." 


James  F.  Kobinson  was  then  unani- 
mously elected  speaker,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
thus  made. 

During  the  same  day  a  message  was  re- 
ceived from  the  governor  tendering  his 
resignation  of  that  office,  to  take  effect  at 
10  A.  M.  on  Monday,  Aug.  18;  and  enclos- 
ing the  private  correspondence  between 
Adj.  Gen.  Wm.  A.  Dudley  and  himself,  in 


fhich 


"Atany  time  wi 

thin  the  la 

St   t 

ifelve  or 

eighteen  months,  i 

would  ha 

•e  e 

ven  me 

great  pleasure  to  re 

sign  my  office, 

could  I 

have  done  so  cons 

stently  w 

th   my  own 

self-respect.     But 

the    storm 

of 

wholly 

undeserved  abuse  with  which  I  have  been 
assailed  during  that  period,  and  the  threats 
of  impeachment,  arrest,  even  assaseiuation, 
constantly  made  against  me,  have  com- 
pelled me  to  continue  in  the  quiet  dis- 
charge of  my  duty.  Otherwise,  I  should 
have  been  regarded  as  either  tacitly  admit- 
ting the  truth  of  the  charges  against  me,  or 
as  quailing  before  the  threats  of  my  ene- 
mies. Me.Tnwhile,  however,  several  ses- 
sions of  the  legislature  have  passed  without 
a  single  charge  having  been  formally 
preferred  against  me.  Then,  recently, 
reasons  of  a  quasi  public  character  have 
determined  me  to  persevere  in  that  course. 
My  political  friends— and  by  this  term  I 
mean  the  southern  rights  party,  a  great 
majority  of  whom  are  not  and  never  were 
secessionists — have  been  subjected  to  what 
seems  to  me,  in  modern  times,  an  unex- 
ampled persecution.  My  position  was 
such  that  I  was  totally  unable  to  relieve 
them,  and  yet  I  could  not  reconcile  it  to 


my  conscience  even  to  appear  to  desert 
them  in  their  need Could  I  be  as- 
sured that  my  successor  would  be  a  con- 
servative, just  man,  of  high  position  and 
character ;_  and  that  his  jiolicy  would  be 
conciliatory  and  impartial  towards  all  law- 
abiding  citizens,  however  they  may  differ 
in  opinion  ;  that  the  constitutional  rights 
of  our  people  would  be  regarded,  and  the 
subordination  of  the  military  to  the  civil 
power  be  insisted  on  and  maintained  to 
the  utmost  extent  our  disturbed  condition 
will  admit — I  would  not  hesitate  an 
instant  in  putting  off  the  cares  of  office, 
and  in  tendering  him  my  best  wishes  for 
the  success  of  his  administration.  With- 
out a  satisfactory  assurance  to  that  effect, 
you  must  admit  that,  in  justice  to  my 
friends,  I  cannot   and   ought   not   to   re- 

Aug.  18 — By  arrangement  and  invita- 
tion, the  senate  and  its  officers  escort  the 
retiring  governor  Magoffin  and  the  acting- 
governor  James  F.  Robinson  to  the  hall  of 
the  house  of  representatives,  where  the 
latter  takes  the  oath  as  governor.  Next 
day,  he  appoints  D.  Carmichael  Wickliffe 
secretary  of  state. 

Aug.  18— The  speaker  of  the  senate, 
Jas.  F.  Robinson,  "  having  been  called  on 
to    administer  the  government,  in  conse- 


snceofthe 

1  the  death  of  the  lieutenant  governo 

devolved   upon    the   senate   to   elect 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


109 


Bpetilier  for  the  occasion " — [so  says  the 
senate  journal  as  approved.]  John  F. 
Fisk  "  received  all  the  votes  given,  and 
was  duly  elected." 

Aug.  14— Memorial  of  Gen.  Lucius 
Besha,  the  representative  from  Harrison 
CO.,  (now  a  military  prisoner  at  Camp 
Chase,  Columbus,  Ohio)  presented,  asking 
the  legislature  to  take  steps  to  restore  him 
to  liberty  and  to  his  seat  in  the  house. 

Aug  16— John  B.  Temple  resigns  as 
president,  and,  Aug.  19,  Geo.  T.  "Wood 
resigns  as  associate  member  of  the  Mili- 
tary Board,  to  take  effect  Aug.  30. 

Aug.  16— Adj.  Gen.  Finnell  reports  the 
whole  number  of  men  from  Ky.  who  have 
volunteered  in  the  U.  S.  army  .at  41,703. 

Aug.  19 — Vincent  Ash,  representative 
from  Anderson  CO.,  by  a  vote  of  73  to  3, 
expelled  because  "  he  had  joined  Morgan's 
rebel  band." 

Aug.  16 — Provost  marshal  general  Dent 
issues  Orders  Nos.  1  and  2.  In  the  first, 
'*  indiscriminate  arrests  are  strongly  con- 
demned ;  no  arrests  must  be  made,  except 
for  causes  set  forth  in  Gen.  Boyle's  Order 
No.  4 ;  the  charge  must  be  specific,  and 
supported  by  the  written  affidavit  of  one 
or  more  responsible  parties."  In  the  sec- 
ond, he  announces  that  he  is  ordered  by 
Gen.  Boyle  to  execute  his  office  under  the 
governor;  and  that  ''provost  marshals 
who,  directly  or  indirectly,  take  money 
from  persons  arrested,  in  the  shape  of  fees 
for  oaths,  bonds,  Jcc,  will  be  arrested  and 
brought  to  his  headquarters." 

Aug.  16— Skirmish  in  Lawrence  (now 
Martin)  co.,  6  miles  below  Warfield ;  Con- 
federates repulsed  by  home  guards. 

Aug.  17 — Skirmish  at  Laurel  bridge,  in 
Laurel  co.,  between  Col.  Hanks  with  some 
Tennesseeans  .and  two  companies  of  Col. 
Garrard's  7th  Ky.,  and  a  Confederate  force 
under  Col.  Scott. 

Aug.  21— The  following  order  issued  : 
Headqdaeters  U.  S.  Forces,] 
Cynthiana,  Aug.  21,1862.      J 
The    secessionists,    or    known    sympa- 
thizers with   secession,  in   the    immediate 
vicinity    of   any    railroad    disaster,  occa- 
sioned by  the  intentional    destruction  of 
the  track,  will  he  held  strictly  responsible 
for  any    damage  therefrom,  and  the  ex- 
tremest  rigor  will  be  used  against  them 
for  all  such  villainy.     They  can  and  must 
put  a  stop  to  it. 

By  order  of  Brig.  Gen.  J.  T.  Boyle. 
J.J.  LANDRUM, 
Lieut.  Col.,  Commanding  Post. 
Aug.  18 — Col.  John  H.  Morgan  issues  a 
proclamation    from    his    headquarters    at 
Hartsville,  Tenn.,  threatening  retaliation, 
"  two  dollars  for  one  " — in  reply  to  one  is- 
sued from  Paris,  Ky.,  Aug  14,  from  which 
it  appears  that  the  agents  of  the  Federal 
government  are  forcing  Morgan's  "  friends 
to  pay  for  the  acts  of  their  favorite  chief- 

Aug.  21 — Woodward's  Confederate  cav- 
alry defeat,  take  prisoners,  and  parole 
Capt.  Goodwin's  co.,  of  54th  Indiana,  at 
Red  River,  near  the  Logan  co.  line. 


Aug.  22 — Legislature  amends  the  jury 
laws  so  as  to  compel  all  jurors  to  take  the 
following  oath  in  addition  to  that  already 
prescribed  :  "  I  do  swear  that  I  have  not 
directly  engaged,  or  been  in  the  service 
of  the  so-called  Confederate  States,  or 
either  of  them,  or  in  the  service  of  the  so- 
called  provisional  government  of  Ky., 
either  in  a  civil  or  military  capacity  ;  and 
that  I  have  not  directly  or  indirectly  en- 
gaged in,  aided  or  abetted  any   rebellion 

States  or  state  of  Kentucky,  so  help  me 
God." Appropriates  $50,000  as  a  se- 
cret service  fund,  to  be  used  by  the  gov- 
ernor,  at    his    discretion,    in    the    public 

service 26— Provides  for  drafting  the 

militia  whenever  necessary  to  raise  troops 
for  the  use  and  defense  of  the  state,  or  to 

fill  up  any  requisition  of  the  U.  S 

28— Abolishes    the    Military  Board 

Makes  punishable  by  fine  of  $50  to  $100 
to  display  the  secession  flag,  and  by  con- 
finement in  the  penitentiary  lo  conspire  or 
combine  to  levy  war  against  the  state,  or 
to  give  aid  or  comfort,  or  to  hold  secret 
meetings  to  encourage  or  aid  the  Southern 

Confederacy 30 — Requires     common 

school  commissioners,  examiners  of  teach- 
ers, and  teachers,  and  college  professors 
to  take  a  stringent  oath,  and  punishes  any 
who  exercise  any  of  these  duties  or  call- 
ings without  such  oath  by  fine  of  $25  to 
$200 31— Requires  a  similar  strin- 
gent oath  to  be  taken  by  ministers  of  the 
gospel  and  others  before  they  shall  solemn- 
ize   marriage,  under   penalty    of    fine   of 

from    $50    to    $500 Re-enacts    the 

"state    guard"    law 31 — Authorizes 

the  governor,  in  case  of  danger  at  Frank- 
fort, to  remove  the  public  archives. 

Aug.  22— Gen.  Richard  AV.  Johnson  (of 
Ky.)  with  800  men,  including  Col.  Hag- 
gard's 5th  Ky.  cavtilry,  attack  700  Con- 
federate cavalry  under  Col.  John  H.  Mor- 
gan, near  Hartsville,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
about  17  miles  south  of  the  Ky.  boundary 
line,  and  are  twice  defeated  ;  loss  64  killed, 
100  wounded,  and  200  prisoners,  including 
Gen.  Johnson  and  Maj.  Winfrey  ;  Confed- 
erate loss  7  killed,  18  wounded.  Col. 
Duke  speaks  of  Gen.  Johnson  as  a  fine, 
dashing  officer,  his  dispositions  for  attack 
good,  and  his  men  fighting  br.avely  and 
gallantly  ;  but  he  did  not  seem  to  com- 
prehend the  "new  style  of  cavalry"  at 
all. 

Aug.  22— President  Lincoln,  in  a  letter 
to  Horace  Greeley,  says :  "  My  para- 
mount object  is  to  save  the  Union,  and  not 
either  to  save  or  destroy  slavery.  If  I 
could  save  the  Union  without  freeing  any 
slaves  I  would  do  it ;  and  if  I  could  save 
it  by  freeing  all  the  slaves  I  would  do  it ; 
and  if  I  could  save  it  by  freeing  some  and 
leaving  others  alone,  I  would  also  do  that" 

Aug.  23— Action  on  Big  Hill,  in  Rock- 
castle county,  about  15  miles  from  Rich- 
mond. Col.  Lconidas  Metcalfe,  with  400 
Federal  cavalry  dismount,  and  on  foot 
attack  a  Confederate  force  of  probably  su- 
perior  numbers  j   but   were  received  with 


no 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


SHch  a  shower  of  bullets  and  sheila  as  ter- 
rified the  attacking  party,  three-fourths  of 
whom  mounted  their  horses  and  fled  "like 
a  pack  of  cowards "  in  all  directions — 
leaving  10  killed,  and  40  wounded 
prisoners;  a  portion  remained  firm,  fought 
bravely  for  134  hours,  and  checked  the 
advance  of  the  enemy.  [Those  who  fled 
so  promptly  are  officially  styled  '•'  des 
ers,"  in  the  adjutant  general's  report;  and 
Gen.  Nelson,  in  "  general  orders  No.  2," 
directed  all  provost  marshals  to  arrest  and 
commit  them  to  jail,  wherever  found.] 

Aug.  24 — Great  excitement  in  Fayette 
and  Madison  counties,  caused  by  a  mili- 
tary notice  served  upon  slaveholders  to 
furnish,  by  a  day  stated,  a  specified  num- 
ber of  able-bodied  negro  men  "  for  the 
use  of  the  U.  S.  government  as  laborers  " — 
the  object  being  to  repair  the  road  be- 
tween Mt.  Vernon  and  Cumberland  Gap. 
Gen.  Boyle   says   that  if  the  government 


railroad  between  Lexington  and  the  Gap 
in  two  months. 

Aug.  25— A  "  relief  "  bill,  to  extend  the 
return  day  of  executions  issued  since 
March  1,  to  March  !,  1864,  voted  down  in 
the  senate  by  18  to  4. 

Aug.  25 — 62  home  guards  from  Danville 
and  Harrodsburg  surprise  a  body  of  guer- 
rillas, 6  miles  south  of  Danville,  on 
Shelby's  farm  ;  kill  3,  wound  8,  and  cap- 
ture 30  horses ;  1  home  guard  killed,  2 
wounded. 

Aug.  25  —  Skirmish  two  miles  from 
Madisonville,  Hopkins  co. 

Aug.  25— Col.  Theo.  T.  Garrard,  with 
560  of  the  7th  and  23d  Ky.  waylay,  on  a 
hill  side,  over  Red  Bird  creek,  150  of 
Stearnes'  Confederate  cavalry,  and  rout 
them,  with  loss  of  1  killed  ;  Confederate 
loss  3  killed,  2  mortally  wounded,  the  rest 

Aug.  26— Maj.  Gen.  Wm.  Nelson,  from 
his  "headquarters  of  the  Army  of  Ky.," 
at  Richmond,  addresses  a  letter  to  Gov. 
Robinson  concerning  the  want  of  dUcipJine 
in  some  of  the  Ky.  troops:  "Robbing, 
plundering,  marauding  are  punishable,  by 
the  articles  of  war,  with  death  ;  and  it  is 
plain  why  such  a  punishment  is  awarded 
them.  They  destroy  discipline  and  effi- 
ciency, and  convert  a  body  of  men  as- 
sembled for  the  defense  of  the  country 
into  its  greatest  oppression  and  worst 
enemy.  The  men  who  rob  and  steal  won't 
fight.  Then,  again,  a  regiment  without 
discipline  cannot  be  depended  on,  no  mat- 
ter how  gallantly  led.  Metcalfe's  mishap 
on    Saturday    [at  Big  Hill]  is    a  case   in 

Aug.  29— Skirmishing,  a  few  miles 
south  of  Richmond,  JIadison  eo.,  between 
the  advance  of  both  armies.  30— Brig. 
Gen.  Manson,  (of  Ind.)  contrary  to  the 
orders  of  his  superior  officer,  Gen.  Nelson, 
to  axoid  a  fight  and  fall  back,  marches  out 
5  miles  to  attack  the  enemy,  and  at  6  A. 
M.,  brings  on  a  terrible  engagement  be- 
tween his  force  of  9,000,  and  the  Confed- 


erate force  of  somewhat  greater  numbers, 
which  lasts  until  11  a.  m.  A  lull  of  about 
an  hour  ensued,  both  sides  seeming  ex- 
hausted, when  the  battle  was  renewed  j 
but  the  tide  soon  turned  against  the  Fed- 
erals, who  fled  in  every  direction,  the  main 
body  keeping  the  pike  toward  Richmond. 
Two  miles  from  Richmond,  Gen.  Nelson, 
who  had  ridden  52  miles  that  day,  on  a 
relay  of  horses,  met  and  rallied  the  flying 
forces,  making  a  brief  and  desperate  re- 
sistance, even  cutting  down  with  his  sword 
an  officer  who  called  to  his  men  to  scatter 
and  run.  The  panic  soon  was  complete, 
and  he,  unwilling  to  give  up,  was  sur- 
rounded by  the  enemy,  twice  wounded, 
and  would  have  been  killed  but  for  the 
daring  act  of  Maj.  Green  Clay  who  seized 
his  bridle  and  forced  him  from  the  field. 
At  the  crossing  of  the  Ky.  river  he  rallied 
some  fragments  of  regiments,  to  check  the 
pursuing  force,  but  only  for  a  few  minutes. 
Such  utter  demoralization  and  panic  could 
not  be  suddenly  recovered  from,  and  a 
large  part  of  the  troops  took  through  the 
woods  and  fields,  not  ceasing  their  flight 
until  they  had  crossed  the  Ohio  river. 
"  Don't  tell  me  those  rebel  soldiers  won't 
fight,"  said  a  Federal  miijor,  who  had  re- 
treated to  the  bank  of  the  Ohio,  but  whose 
courage  had  stood  the  test  of  many  a  well- 
fought  field  in  other  climes  ;  "  they  lived 
for  days  on  nothing  but  gn 


;the 


vhilethe 


sted 


s,  but  I  tell  you  they 


another  for  themselv 
fought  like  devils  T^ 

In  the  singular  excitement  that  ensued 
for  weeks,  no  accurate  account  of  the  loss 
was  published ;  the  Federal  loss  is  variously 
stated  at  225  to  400  killed,  from  350  to 
1,100  wounded,  and  from  3,000  to  6,000 
prisoners  ;  the  Confederate  loss  in  killed 
.at  from  100  to  250,  and  in  wounded  at 
250  to  500.  The  prisoners  were  paroled 
and  set  free  ;  and  it  was  soon  after  an- 
nounced that  they  would  be  sent  out  to 
fight  the  Indians,  relieving  the  troops 
already  there,  who  would  then  be  sent 
against  the  Confederates— decidedly  a  dis- 
honorable subterfuge. 

Aug.  31 — Sundai/  nif/ht,  the  legislature 
meets  in  extraordinary  session,  attends 
to  the  usual  routine  of  business,  but 
agrees  to  adjourn  [out  of  tender  consid- 
eration and  respect  fer  the  Confederate 
army,  now  approaching  uncomfortably 
near]  to  meet  in  the  court  house  at  Louis- 
ville on  Tuesday,  Sept.  2. 

Sept.  1 — At  Morganfield,  Union  co.,  some 
of  Adam  R.  Johnson's  troops  defeated  by 
a  detachment  of  Col.  Shackleford's  8th 
Ky.  cavalry. 

Sept.  1 — Paris  evacuated  by  the  Fed- 
erals, who  fall  back  on  Cynthiana 

Gen.  E.  Kirby  Smith's  Confederate  troops 
occupy  Lexington.  Their  approach  causes 
great  excitement  at  Louisville,  Covington, 
Newport,  and  Cincinnati ;  where,  next  day, 
martial  law  is  proclaimed. 

Sept.  2 — Versailles  occupied  by  Confed- 
erates  At  Louisville,  the  daily  news- 
papers are  forbidden  to  publish  the  names 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


Ill 


of  persons  arrested  and  committed  to  mill 
tary  prisons. 

Sept.  3 — Legislature,  in  session  at  Lou 
isville,  resolves  "  tliat  the  invasion  of  the 
state  by  the  rebels,  now  in  progress,  i 
be  resisted  and  repelled  by  all  the  power 
of  the  state,  by  all  her  men,  by  all  her 
means,  and  to  every  extremity  of  honor- 
able war;  and  that  he  who  now  seeks  to 
save  himself  by  deserting  or  holding  back 
from  the  service  of  the  commonwealth,  is 
unworthy  the  name  of  a  Kentuokian." 
And,  further,  "that  the  governor  be  and 
he  is  hereby  charged  with  no  other  re- 
strictions on  his  powers  than  what  are  im- 
posed by  the  constitution — to  take  care  of 
the  commonwealth."  [The  records  of  the 
state,  and  cotemporary  newspapers,  alike 
failed  to  preserve  the  deeds  of  noble  dar- 
ing done  by  the  members  of  the  legislature 
who  voted  so  heartily  for  the  first-named 
resolution,  and  who,  by  adjourning  Sept. 
5,  secured  opportunity  for  other  important 
service  to  the  state  in  this  time  of  peril 
and  need.  It  must  not  be  reckoned  a 
sample  of  the  pompous  and  wordy  patriot- 
ism which  cropped  out  in  the  proclama- 
tions of  the  governor  and  adjutant  general, 
and  which  characterized  the  newspapers 
of  the  day.] 

Sept.  3— Skirmish    at    Slaughtersville, 

Webster  co.;  Confederates  repulsed 

Two  engagements  at  Geiger's  Lake,  not 
far  from  Henderson  ;  in  one  of  which.  Col. 
Shackleford,  with  about  400  men,  defeats 
and  scatters  a  large  Confederate  force  un- 
der Adam  R.  Johnson  ;  Col.  S.  wounded. 

Sept.  3— Gov.  Robinson  appoints  Col. 
Wm.  Henry  Wadsworth,  of  MaysviUe,  to 
command  the  state  forces  in  Mason  county. 
He  appoints  on  his  staflf,  Richard  Apper- 

eral  with  rank  of  colonel,  and  Thos.  M. 
Green  and  Sam.  W.  Owens  as  aids-de- 
camp with  rank  of  captain. 

Sept.  4— Col.  John  H.  Morgan's  Confed- 
erate cavalry  reach  Lexington  at  10  a.  m., 
amid  enthusiastic  shouts  and  congratul.i- 
tions.  They  entered  Ky.,  in  Allen  co., 
July  29  ;  reached  Glasgow  July  30  ;  thence 
to  Columbia,  Adair  co.,  remaining  two 
days ;  thence  via  Liberty  in  Casey  co., 
Hustonville  in  Lincoln  co.,  Sept.  2,  and 
Danville  and  Nicholasville  next  day.  In 
a  few  days,  Capt.  W.  C.  P.  Breckinridge, 
Lieut.  Sam.  D.  Morgan  (cousin  of  Col.  J. 
H.  M.),  and  Cols.  Cluke  and  Chenault  re- 
cruit nearly  1,000  men  for  their  battalions 
and  regiments.  Capt.  (now  made  Brig. 
Gen.)  Abram  Buford  recruits  three  fine 
regiments  of  cavalry,  under  Cols.  Butler, 
Smith,  and  Grigsby. 

Sept.  5 — Legislature  authorizes  home 
guard  companies,  of  free  white  male  citi- 
zens between  16  and  65  years,  to  be  organ- 
ized for  home  and  self-protection Ad- 
journs until  Jan.  8,  1863. 

Sept.  6— Brig.  Gen.  Henry  Heth,  with 
5,000  or  6,000  veteran  Confederate  troops 
from  Gen.  Kirby  Smith's  corps,  following 
down  the  Ky.  Central  railrn.nd  track" 
camps  a  few  miles  back  of  Covington,  and 


threatens  the  three  cities.  For  some  days 
he  could  readily  have  captured  them  by  a 
bold  dash  ;  but  is  prevented  by  orders  from 
Gen.  Smith,  who  holds  him  in  readiness 
for  orders  from  Gen.  Bragg.  Unparalleled 
excitement  at  Cincinnati ;  business  houses 
closed,  and  nearly  all  business  suspended 
except  hotels  and  newspapers;  all  male 
citizens,  including  ministers  of  the  gospel 
and  old  men,  forced  into  military  service 
and  drilling,  or  into  the  trenches  to  dig 
earth  fortifications  back  of  Covington  and 
Newport ;  for  some  days  no  males  allowed 
to  leave  Cincinnati,  except  southward  to 
help  defend  it;  "squirrel  hunters"  and 
volunteer  militia  from  Ohio  and  Indiana, 
over  25,000  strong,  pour  in  from  all  di- 
rections, and  right  over  the  pontoon  bridge 
or  bridge  of  barge-boats,  to  defend  Cin- 
cinnati by  first  defending  Covington  and 
Newport;  U.  S.  soldiers  ordered  in  from 
all  points  where  they  can  be  spared. 

Sept.  6 — Thos.  N.  Lindsey  appointed 
by  the  Confederates  mayor  of  Frankfort, 

Sept.  8 — Gen.  Lew.  Wallace  causes 
Frank  K.  Hunt,  of  Lexington,  to  be  ar- 
rested and  taken  from  the  Cincinnati  and 
MaysviUe  packet  Emma,  when  landing  at 
Higginsport,  Ohio,  bound  up — although 
he  had  a  pass  from  Gov.  Robinson.  It  is 
supposed  to  be  as  a  hostage  for  the  return 
of  Rev.  Robert  G.  Brank,  of  Lexington, 
now  held  a  prisoner  by  the  Confederates. 

Sept.  8— Stockade  at  bridge  over  Salt 
river,  on  the  Louisville  and  Nashville 
railroad,  captured  by  Lieut.  Col.  Hutchin- 
son, of  Morgan's  brigade,  150  prisoners 
taken  and  paroled,  and  the  bridge  (450 
feet  long  and  46  feet  high)  thoroughly 
destroyed. 

Sept.  10— While  holding  Paris,  the  Con- 
federate forces  parole  all  citizens  who  are 
attached  to  the  home  guards,  and  confiscate 
their  muskets.  The  Confederate  provost 
marshal  issues  an  order  m.Tking  Confed- 
erate money  receivable  for  all  goods  and 
produce  sold,  and  places  under  arrest  for 
several  days  one  merchant  who  was  bold 
enough  to  refuse  it. 

Sept.  11— Col.  Richard  M.  Gano,  com- 
manding 2d  brigade  of  Morgan's  Confed- 
erate cavalry,  with  800  men,  at  Washing- 
ton, Mason  co.,  4  miles  from  MaysviUe, 
by  letter  notifies  F.  B.  Trussell,  mayor  of 
MaysviUe,  that  he  will  not  shell  or  attack, 
or  even  enter  the  city,  unless  the  Federal 
troops  cross  over  from  Ohio  and  make 
MaysvUle  the  basis  of  their  operations. 
The  mayor  replies  that  there  is  no  organ- 
ized force  in  MaysviUe  to  oppose  him,  and 
*'  the  citizens  will  expect  him  to  protect 
them  from  violence  or  abuse." 

Sept.  12— Union  men  -in  Bracken  co. 
drive  Rev.  John  G.  Fee,  for  preaching 
abolitionism,  out  of  the  state;  they  ferry 
him  over  the  Ohio  river,  and  threaten  to 
hang  him  if  he  returns. 

Sept.  12 — Gen.  Heth  commences  his  de- 
liberate retreat  from  back  of  Covington. 
Federal  troops  cautiously  pursue  so  far  as 
Florence,  9  miles. 

Sept.  13 — An  advance  of  the  Confederate 


112 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


forces  under  Gen.  Bragg,  who  had  entered 
the  state,  Sept  5,  and  moved  towards  Bowl- 
ing Green,  demands  the  surrender  of 
Munfordsville,  Hart  oo.,  on  Green  river 
where  it  is  crossed  by  the  L.  &  N.  R.  R., 
which  Col.  Wilder,  with  3,100  Federal  in- 
fantry and  4  cannon,  refuses.  Next  morn- 
ing. Gen.  Duncan's  Confederate  troops 
attack,  but  after  7  hoars'  fighting  are  re- 
pulsed, with  small  loss;  Wilder's  loss  8 
killed  and  20  wounded.  16th,  the  attack 
is  renewed  with  great  spirit,  and  after  a 
stubborn  resistance  Col.  C  L.  Dunham, 
who  had  arrived  with  reinforcements  and 
assumed  command,  surrenders  on  the  17th, 
with  4,500  men  and  10  guns.  Confederates 
destroy  the  bridge  over  Green  river. 

Sept.  15 — Confederate  forces  again  ad- 
vance towards  Covington,  as  far  as  Flor- 
ence, 9  miles  off,  and  engage  in  a  skirmish 
in  which  they  suffer  slightly. 

Sept.  17— Louisville  fortifying  against 
the  expected  approach  of  Gen.  E.  Kirby 
Smith's  forces. 

Sept.  17 — Cumberland  Gap  (which  was 
evacuated  by  the  Confederates  under  Gen. 

pied  by  the  Federals  under  Gen.  Geo.  W. 
Morgan) evacuated  by  Gen.  Morgan  andhis 
four  brigades,  and  possession  taken,  Sept. 
18,  by  Gen.  Stevenson  ;  the  evacuation  in 
each  case  caused  by  fear  of  starvation, 
and  consequent  capture.  Passing  via 
Cumberland  Ford,  in  Josh  Bell  co.,  Man- 
chester in  Clay  eo.,  Proctor  in  Owsley 
(now  in  Lee)  eo.,  Comptnn  and  Hazel 
Green  in  Wolfe  eo.',  Grayson  in  Carter  oo., 
Gen.  Morgan's  division  reached  Green- 
upsburg,  on  the  Ohio  river,  Oct.  3— a 
march  of  nearly  200  miles,  over  a  rough 
and  mountainous  country,  in  a  little  less 
than  16  days  ;  bringing  off  all  his  artillery 
except  4  siege  guns  ;  harassed,  from  a  few 
miles  south  of  West  Liberty  to  Grayson, 
by  Col.  John  H.  Morgan's  Confederate 
cavalry,  who  felled  trees  across  his  path, 
barricaded  his  road,  captured  his  cattle 
supplies,  skirmished  with  his  outposts 
and  advance,  and  might  have  defeated 
him  in  battle  if  reinforced  as  ordered ; 
through  clouds  of  dust  and  over  hot  sands, 
with  stagnant  tepid  water  for  drink,  .at 
times,  and  only  roast-corn  for  food;  alto- 
gether the  march  and  escape  was  one  of 
the  most  wonderful  and  successful  in  all 
military  history. 

Sept.  18— Skirmish  at  Falmouth  between 
11  home  guards  and  28  Texas  rangers ; 
the  latter  driven  off,  with  2  killed,  4 
wounded  and  1  prisoner;  they  threatened 
to  return  with  cannon  and  demolish  the 
house  which  the  former  occupied,  and 
burnt  the  railroad  bridge  ;  the  home  guards 
prudently  retreated  several  miles  towards 
Cincinnati,  and  sent  for  reinforcements. 

address  from  Glasgow,  informs  the  people 
of  Ky.,  that  "  the  Confederate  army  of 
the  West  offers  an  opportunity  to  free 
themselves  from  the  tyranny  of  a  despotic 

ruler Needful  supplies  must  be  had 

for  his  army,  but  they  shall  be  paid  for  at 


od    Lieut.    Roberts 

captures  1  company  and  put: 


fair  and  remunerating  prices."  From 
Glasgow  he  advances  towards  Bardstown, 
and  in  the  direction  of  Louisville. 

Sept.  19 — At  Owensboro,  Confederates 
attack  and  defeat  the  Federals,  killing 
the  Colonel.  20th,  Spencer  (Ind.)  home 
guards  come  to  their  aid,  and  with  a  loss 
of  2  killed  and  18  wounded  drive  out  the 

Sept.  21 — Munfordsville  re-occupied  by 
Federal  troops. 

Sept.  21 — Confederate  cavalry  attack 
Granger's  command  at  Shepherdsville, 
Bullitt  CO.,  intending  to  burn  the  railroad 
bridge  ;  but  are  driven  off,  losing  5  killed 
and  28  prisoners. 

Sept.  21— Col.  Geo.  M.  Jessee's  Confed- 
erate cavalry  attack,  at  Newcastle,  pro- 
vost marshal  Robert  Morris'  home  guard 
cavalry,  170  strong,  and  compel  their  sur- 
render— men,  horses,  and  300  stand  of 
arms. 

Sept.  22— Gen.  Nelson  orders  the  women 
and  children  to  be  sent  out  of  Louisville, 
preparatory  to  a  battle  with  the  Confeder- 

Sept.  23— Sergeant  Will.  Hayes  (of  Cov- 
ington), with  6  Confederate  cavalry  of 
Morgan's  regiment,  by  a  bold  ruse  com- 
pels the  surrender  of  69  Federal  infantry, 

light 

Sept.  '25— Gen.  Bu'ell's  Federal  army 
reaches  Louisville,  having  outmarched 
Gen.  Bragg. 

Sept.  27 — Desperately  fought  battle  at 
Augusta,  Bracken  co.,  between  125  home 
guards  under  Col.  (Dr.)  Joshua  Taylor 
Bradford  (part  of  whom  were  Southern 
sympathizers  impressed  for  the  occasion), 
stationed  in  brick  houses,  and  about  350 
of  Col.  Basil  W.  Duke's  regiment  of  Mor- 
gan's Confederate  cavalry — who  fought  in 
the  streets,  and  were  forced  to  burn  nearly 
.all  the  buildings  in  two  squares  in  order  to 
dislodge  the  home  guards,  who  soon  sur- 
rendered. Confederate  loss  21  killed  and 
18  wounded  ;  among  the  killed  and  mor- 
tally wounded  were  Capts.  Sam'l  D.  Mor- 
gan (cousin  of  Col.  .John  H,  Morgan), 
Allen,  and  Kennett,  and  Lieuts.  Greenbury 
Roberts,  Geo.  White,  Rogers,  King,  and 
Wm.Courtland  Prentice  (son  of  Geo.  D. 
Prentice,  editor  Louisville  Journal).  Pris- 
oners nearly  all  paroled,  next  day.  Two 
gunboats,  the  Belfast,  Capt.  Sedam,  and 
the  Allen  Collier,  were  at  the  landing  and 
might  have  protected  the  town  ;  but  they 
steamed  off  out  of  danger,  as  soon  as  they 
found  that  the  enemy  had  howitzers,  al- 
though their  sides  were  protected  by  hay 
bales.  The  exhaustion  of  howitzer-am- 
munition and  heavy  loss  in  men  and 
officers  defeated  the  main  object  of  Col. 
Duke's  raid — which  was  to  ford  the  Ohio 
river  a  few  miles  below  August!).,  and, 
marching  towards  Cincinnati,  so  threaten 
that  city  as  to  compel  the  troops  on  the 
Lexington  turnpike  at  Walton  to  hurry 
back  to    its  defence. 

Sept.  27 — Maj.  John  James  Key,  of  In 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


113 


diana,  formerly  of  MaysviUe,  Ky.,  dis- 
missed from  the  U.  S.  military  service  by 
President  Lincoln,  for  saying — in  reply  to 
the  question  "  Why  was  not  the  rebel  army 
bagged,  immediately  after  the  battle  near 
Sharpsburg,  Md.7  "—in  substance,  "  That 
is  not  the  game  ;  that  we  should  tire  the 
rebels  out  and  ourselves,  and  neither 
army  get  much  advantage  of  the  other; 
that  was  the  only  way  the  Union  could 
be  preserved ;  then  we  could  compromise, 
come  together  fraternally,  and  slavery  be 

Sept.  28 — Skirmish  at  Brooksville  be- 
tween part  of  Col.  Duke's  forces  and  Mays- 
viUe home  guards. 

Sept.  29— Gen.  Wm.  Nelson  shot,  in  the 
Gait  House,  Louisville,  in  a  personal  dif- 
ficulty, by  Brig.  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis,  of 
Indiana;  he  dies  in  15  minutes. 

Sept.  30— Confederates  defeated,  in  a 
small  engagement  at  Russollville. 

Oct.  1— Confederate  pickets  within  6 
miles  of  Louisville,  but  the  main  body  25 
or  30  miles  distant.  Gen.  Buell's  army 
leaves  Louisville  in  pursuit — Gen.  Mc- 
Cook's  corps,  the  left  wing,  on  the  Tay- 
lorsville  road  ;  Gen.  Gilbert's,  on  the  Shep- 
herdsville ;  and  Gen.  Crittenden's,  the 
right  wing,  on  the  Bardstown  pike.  Gen. 
Buell  and  his  second  in  command,  Gen. 
Geo.  H.  Thomas,  accompany  the  Litter. 

Oct.  2— Capt.  Mott,  with  lOlh  Ky.  cav- 
alry, captures  18  rebels  and  96  horses,  at 
camp  near  Williamstown,  Grant  co. 

Oct.  4— Gen.  Wharton's  Confederate 
cavalry — left  behind  by  order  of  Gen. 
Bragg  as  his  rear  guard,  with  orders 
to  keep  the  Federals  out  of  Bardstown 
until  this  evening— lie  in  ambush  near  the 
Bardstown  Fair  Grounds,  rush  upon  the 
Federal  advance  guard,  and  drive  it  back. 

Oct.  4 — Inaugural  ceremonies  of  the  Pro- 
visional Government  of  Ky.  at  Frankfort. 
Richard  Hawes,  of  Bourbon,  inaugurated 
governor,  and  in  an  address  tells  the  listen- 
ing crowd  that  "  the  state  would  be  held  by 
theConfederatearmy,cost  what  it  might" — 
a  statement  and  assurance  uttered  in  perfect 
good  faith,  and  which  his  proud  and  hon- 
orable nature  would  have  scorned  to  make, 
had, he  suspected  that  the  vacillating  Gen. 
Bragg  had  deceived  him,  and  that  the 
Confederate  army  had  even  then  com- 
menced its  ill-advised  retreat.  Four 
hours  later,  the  new  government  left 
Frankfort  in  dignified  haste,  never  to  re- 
turn. 

Oct.  6— Hand-to-hand  cavalry  fight  near 
Lawrenceburg,  Anderson  co.,  between 
Col.  Scott's  Confederate  and  Col.  R.  T. 
Jacob's  9th  Ky.;  short  but  exciting. 

Oct.  7— At  7  p.  M.,  Gen.  Buell  sends 
special  written  orders  to  Gen.  Thomas,  in 
part  as  follows  :  "  The  3d  corps,  Gilbert's, 
is  within  3>^  miles  of  Perryville,  the  cav- 
alry being  nearer,  perhaps  2}4  miles. 
From  ail  the  information  received  to-day 
it  is  thought  the  enemy  will  resist  our  ad- 
vance into  Perryville.  They  are  said  to 
have  a  strong  force  in  and  around  the 
place.     We   expect    to    attack    and  carry 

I.. .8 


the  place  to-morrow.  March  at  3  o'clock 
precisely,  to-morrow  morning,  without 
fail;  and  if  possible  get  all  the  canteens 
filled,  and  have  the  men  cautioned  to  use 
water  in  the  most  sparing  manner.  Every 
officer  must  caution  his  men  on  this  point. 
There  is  no  water  near  us,  and  we  can  ex- 
pect but  little  if  any  until  we  get  it  at  Per- 
ryville. 

Oct.  7 — 78th  Indiana  regiment  surprised, 
surrounded,  and  captured  by  Confederate 
troops,  near  Bardstown,  Nelson  co.;  their 
guns  taken  from  them,  and  the  men  pa- 
roled and  allowed  to  depart. 

Oct.  8— Gre.^test  btittle  ever  fought  in 
Kentucky,  on  Chaplin  Hills,  near  Perry- 
ville, Boyle  CO.,  generally  called  the  battle 
of  Perryville.  The  immediiite  commander 
of  the  Federal  forces  actually  engaged, 
Gen.  Alex.  McDowell  McCook,  of  the  1st 
army  corps,  styles  it  "  the  bloodiest  bat- 
tle of  modern  times,  for  the  number  of 
troops  engaged  on  our  side,"  which  he 
states  at  14,000  (Brig.  Gens.  Lovell  H. 
Rousseau's  division  7,000,  Jas.  S.  Jack- 
son's 6,600,  and  Gooding's  brigade  1,500); 
besides  which  was  Maj.  Gen.  Chas.  C. 
Gilbert's  3d  army  corps  (Brig.  Gens.  Rob- 
ert B.  Mitchell's  9th  division,  Phil.  H. 
Sheridan's  11th  division,  and  Albin 
Schoepff's  1st  division,  except  Gooding's 
brigade  above,  sent  to  McCook)  about 
11,000  men,  making  25,000  in  all.  Op- 
posed to  these  were  some  15,000  of  Gen. 
Bragg's  braveSft  and  most  tried  soldiers — 
the  three  divisions  of  Major  Generals  Wm. 
S.  Cheatham,  Simon  B.  Buckner,  and 
Richard  H.  Anderson,  all  under  the  imme- 
diate command  of  Maj.  Gen.  Leonidac  Polk, 
and  two  divisions  forming  the  left  wing 
under  Maj.  Gen.  Wm.  J.  Hardee.  Both 
armies  had  been  preparing  for  battle  since 
early  morn,  skirmishing  while  getting 
into  position.  At  12:30  p.  M.,  finding  the 
Federals  still  delaying,  and  knowing  that 
he.avy  reinforcements  [Maj.  Gen.  Thos.  L. 
Crittenden's  corps]  were  only  a  few  hours 
away,  and  almost  within  supporting  dis- 
tance— while  nearly  half  their  own  army 
[Maj.  Gens.  E.  Kirby  Smith's  forces  and 
Withers'  division]  had  been  sent  off  near 
Frankfort  where  a  battle  was  anticipated, 
and  could  not  come  up  under  40  hours — 
the  Confederates  began  a  vigorous  attack, 
and  soon  brought  on  a  general  engage- 
ment; which  Gen.  Bragg's  official  report 
pronounces  "for  the  time  engaged  the 
severest  and  most  desperately  contested 
within  his  knowledge,"  and  adds:  "It 
was  continued  furiously  from  noon  till 
dark,  our  troops  never  faltering  and  never 
failing  in  their  efforts.  Fearfully  outnum- 
bered, our  troops  did  not  hesitate  to  engage 
at  any  odds  ;  and  though  checked  at  times, 
they  eventually  carried  every  position,  and 
drove  the  enemy  about  two  miles.  But 
for  the  intervention  of  night  we  should 
have  completed  the  work.  By  the  most 
daring  charges,  we  captured  16  pieces 
of  artillery,  and  400  prisoners,  includ- 
ing three  staff  officers,  with  servants, 
carriage  and   baggage  of  Maj.  Gen.  Mo- 


114 


ANXALS    OF    KENTL'CKY. 


1862. 


Cook  ;  killed  one  brig&dier  general  [Jas.  S. 
Jackson]  and  mortally  wounded  another 
[Wm.  R.  Terrell],  and  a  very  large  num- 
ber of  inferior  officers  and  men.  The 
ground  was  literally  covered  with  the 
enemy's  dead  and  wounded.  In  such  a 
contest  our  own  loss  was  necessarily  se- 
vere, probably  not  less  than  2,500  in  killed, 
wounded  and  missing,"— including  in  the 
wounded,  Brig.  Gens.  Wood,  Pat.  Cle- 
burne, and  Brown. 

The  official  reports  of  Alaj.  Gen.  Don 
Carlos  Buell,  commanding  the  entire  Fed- 
eral army,  say  this  battle  "will  stand  con- 
spicuous for  its  severity  in  the  history  of 
the  rebellion.  It  deserves  to  be  com- 
memorated for  the  determined  valor  dis- 
played by  the  portion  of  our  army  that 
was  engaged The  enemy  was  every- 
where repulsed,  but  not  without  some  mo- 
mentary advantage  on  our  left."  Gen. 
McCook's  report  says  **  the  right  of  Rous- 
seau's line  was  compelled  to  fall  back 

A  fierce  onset  being  made  on  Terrell's 
brigade,  and  Gen.  Jackson  being  killed  at 
the  first  fire,  this  brigade  in  a  few  mo- 
ment's gave  way  in  confusion."  But 
these  reverses  were  temporary,  and  with 
the  reinforcement  of  Col.  Gooding's  brig- 
,*ide  the  Confederates  were  held  in  check. 
The  firing,  artillery  and  musketry,  and 
fighting,  continued  desperately  until  dark. 
The  pickets  of  the  two  armies  were  posted 
only  50  yards  apart.  Believing  that  the 
enemy  would  renew  the  attn^  at  daylight, 
Gen.  Buell  availed  of  the  rem.arkably  bril- 
liant moonlight  to  bring  up  and  place  in 
position  the  corps  of  Gen.  Crittenden. 
Unwilling  to  continue  a  hitherto  doubtful 
contest  against  such  fresh  and  fearful 
odds,  Gen.  Bragg,  leaving  his  dead  upon 
the  field,  "  withdrew  his  force  early  next 
morning  to  Harrodsburg,  Mercer  co.,  and 
thence,  on  the  11th,  to  Bryantsville,  in 
Garrard  co."  The  Federals  "followed 
slowly,  but  did  not  press  him." 

The  Federal  loss  in  Gilbert's  corps  he 
states  at  165  killed,  605  wounded,  and  85 
prisoners  and  missing ;  in  the  3d  corps, 
which  sustained  the  heaviest  loss,  Rous- 
seau reports  466  killed,  1,463  wounded, 
and  161  missing:  in  Jackson's  division, 
not  definitely  reported,  but  about  300 
killed,  950  wounded,  and  150  missing ; 
total,  931  killed,  3,018  wounded,  and  397 
missing  and  prisoners — a  grand  total  loss 
of  4,346. 

The  Confederate  loss  can  never  be 
known,  but  probably  exceeded  the  estimate 
of  Gen.  Bragg  above.  In  a  detailed  ac- 
count of  the  movements  of  a  battalion  of 
Col.  Richard  T.  Jacob's  9th  Ky.  Federal 
cavalry,  a  member  of  it  says  :  "  On  Oct. 
11,  "we  reached  Perryville,  and  marched 
over  the  battlefield.  It  was  a  sickening 
sight.  Our  dead  were  all  buried ;  but  the 
blackened  corpses  of  rebel  dead,  mangled 
in  every  w.ay  possible,  were  still  scattered 
over  the  field.  It  would  be  impossible  for 
me  to  sny  how  many  were  killed,  but  the 
number  was  enormous  in  proportion  to 
the  number  engaged.     I  saw  them  lying 


in  pens,  from  8  to  19  in  each.  "We 
camped  in  a  wood,  about  one  mile  from 
Perryville,  on  the  Mackville  road,  some 
time  after  dark,  and  discovered  a  dead 
body,  a  rebel,  right  in  our  midst ;  but  as 
we  had  no  spades,  nor  any  thing  else  to 
dig  a  hole  with,  we  were  compelled  to 
leave  him  unburied.  I  have  no  doubt 
that  many  are  still  unburied,  and  some 
have  been  eaten  up  by  hogs,  leaving 
nothing  but  the  whitened  bones  to  show 
that  a  fellow-creature  lost  his  life  in  a  war 
created  by  ambitious  politicians  to  length- 
en out  their  time  of  holding  the  public 
purse-strings." 

Oct.  9 — James  E.  Clay  issues  an  ad- 
dress, at  Lexington,  calling  for  men  to 
enlist  in  regiments  to  be  raised  by  him. 
He  appeals  to  the  people  to  rally  under 
him,  as  the  South  will  speedily  put  in 
force  the  conscript  law  throughout  the 
state.  He  said  ;  *'  My  headquarters  for 
the  present  is  in  Lexington  ;  hereafter  at 
Camp  Breckinridge,  formerly  Dick  Robin- 
son." 

Oct.  10 — Cavalry  skirmish  near  Har- 
dinsville,  Shelby  co.,  between  a  company 
of  9th  Ky.  and  Scott's  Confederates  ;  latter 
successful. 

Oct.  10— Confederate  forces  refuse  to 
occupy  or  use,  for  hospitals  or  otherwise, 
the  dwellings  at  Danville  of  Gen.  Jerry  T. 
Boyle  and  Rev.  Dr.  Robert  J.  Breckin- 
ridge— in  striking  contrast  with  the  Fed- 
eral occupation,  for  hospital  purposes,  of 
Provisional  Governor  Richard  Hawes'  res- 
idence at  Paris. 

Oct.  10— Lieut.  Col.  John  Boyle  and 
the  9th  Ky.  cavalry  dash  into  Harrods- 
burg, surprising  and  taking  prisoners 
1,600  Confederate  soldiers,  many  of  whom 
were  sick  and  the  wounded  from  the  Per- 
ryville battle,  and  the  remainder  the  rear 
guard  of  Gen.  Bragg's  army. 

Oct.  13— Skirmishing  at  Lancaster  until 
dark,  between  Gen.  Wheeler's  Confederate 
cavalry  and  the  advance  of  a  division 
of  Gen.  Buell's  army  ;  the  former  hold  the 
town  all  night,  retiring  slowly  in  the 
morning. 

Oct.  14— Maj.  Jas.  Sudduth  killed,  in 
James  Warren's  house,  in  Bath  county, 
while  defending  himself  from  capture  by 
a  band  of  "  rebels."  under  Geo.  Ewing. 

Oct.  14— Lieut.  Col.  Hyatt's  101st  Ohio 
capture,  in  Ballard  co.,  among  other  pris- 
oners, Oscar  Turner,  who  was  released  by 
Gen.  Strong,  on  taking  the  oath  and  giv- 
ing bond  in  S75,000. 

Oct.  15 — Finding  Bnell's  army  pressing 
on  so  fast  as  to  threaten  the  capture  of  a 
part  of  their  provision  train,  the  Confed- 
erates obstruct  the  pursuit  by  felling  trees 
across  the  narrow  roads  through  the 
mountainous  country  beyond  London, 
Laurel  co. 

Oct.  15— Col.  Wm.  Henry  Wadsworth's 
troops  capture,  near  Mount  Sterling,  about 
50  of  Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall's  Confed- 

Oct.  IS— Col.  John  H.  Morgan's  Confed- 
erate cavalry  makes  another  visit  to  Lex* 


1862. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


115 


ington,  and  attacks  a  Federal  cavalry 
force  there,  killing  5  or  6,  and  taking 
prisoners  and  paroling  about  350. 

Oct.  18— The  Albany  (New  York,  Even- 
ing Journal,  an  able  and  leading  Repub- 
lican paper,  says  :  "  Gentlemen  endowed 
with  more  backbone  than  discretion  con- 
tinue to  speak  contemptuously  of  the 
loyalty  of  Kentucky.  But  they  will  do 
well  to  remember  how  much  the  success 
of  our  army  in  the  West  has  been  owing 
to  the  attitude  of  that  state.  They  will 
do  well  to  remember  that  had  she  gone 
over  into  the  ranks  of  the  rebel  states,  the 
seat  of  war  would  have  been  transferred 
from  the  Cumberland  and  the  Tennessee  to 
the  Ohio;  that  instead  of  capturing  Mem- 
phis and  Nashville,  we  should  be  defend- 
ing Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  ;  that  instead 
of  penetrating  with  our  armies  into  the 
heart  of  the  insurgent  country,  we  should 
have  all  we  could  do  during  the  winter 
and  spring  to  defend  our  own  frontier. 
They  will  do  well  to  remember  that  Ken- 
tucky, even  neutral,  would  be  worth  50,000 
tnen  to  ua ;  that  in  her  present  loyal  posi- 
tion she  is  potent  almost  to  decide  the  for- 
tunes of  the  war.  Let  us  generously  give 
her  credit  not  only  for  what  she  has  done, 
but  for  what  she  has  prevented.  Let  us 
admit  that  without  her  aid,  to-day  the 
southwest  would  be  irretrievably  lost  to 
the  Union." 

Oct.  20 — Morgan's  Confederate  cavalry 
capture  and  destroy,  at  Cox's  creek  bridge, 
6  miles    from    Bardstown,   a   train  of  51 


Oct.  20— The  Richmond  ( Va.)  and  other 
Southern  papers  speak  of  Gen.  Bragg's 
invasion  of  Ky.  as  "a  brilliant  blunder 
and  a  magnificent  failure,"  and  of  his  ret- 
rograde movement  as  "  profoundly  disap- 
pointing and  mortifying  Southern  people, 
and  dashing  their  fond  hopes  of  liberating 
Ky.  and  Tennessee."  He  is  the  only 
prominent  instance  in  either  section  or 
army,  where  presidential  favoritism  per- 
sistently maintained  an  officer  in  com- 
manding position  who  had  repeatedly 
proved  himself  inadequate  to  the  emer- 
gency. Even  his  distinguished  competi- 
tor in  the  race  of  great  armies  from  Ten- 
nessee through  Ky.  to  the  Ohio  river  and 
return,  because  of  success  below  public 
expectation,  was  "relieved,"  Oct.  30,  by 
Maj.  Gen.  Wm.  S.  Roseorans,  of  the  com- 
mand of  the  army  of  the  Ohio,  its  desig- 
nation being  changed  to  that  of  the  army 
of  the  Cumberland.  A  court  martial  was 
ordered  at  Cincinnati,  to  inquire  into  Gen. 
Buell's  conduct:  1.  In  permitting  the 
invasion  of  Ky.  by  Gen.  Bragg;  2.  His 
failure  to  relieve  Munfordsville,  and  al- 
lowing its  capture  ;  3.  His  conduct  during 
the  battle  of  Perryville  ;  4.  His  allowing 
Gen.  Bragg  to  escape  from  Ky.  without 
capture  or  loss  by  attacking  him  ;  and  5. 
His  operations  in  Tennessee  and  Ky. 

Oct.  22— 1st  and  20th  Ky.  infantry  fall 
upon  the  rear  guard  of  Gen.  Kirby  Smith's 
Confederate  forces,  near  Goose  Creek  salt 


works.  Clay  CO.,  kill  several,  and  capture 
90  prisoners  and  150  head  of  cattle. 

Oct.  23— Gen.  Buell  issues  an  order,  and 
charges  Gen.  Boyle  with  its  execution,  that 
all  persons  who  have  actively  abetted  the 
invasion  of  Ky.,  within  the  last  three 
months,  will  be  immediately  arrested,  sent 
to  Vicksburg,  and  forbidden  to  return. 

Oct.  24— Great  drouth  in  northern  and 
middle  Ky.;  but  little  rain  since  Aug.  15. 
Immense  suffering  for  want  of  water  by 
soldiers,  citizens  and  stock,  during  first 
two  weeks  of  Oct. 

Oct.  24— At  Morgantown,  Butler  co.,  a 
detachment  of  Morgan's  cavalry  retreats 
before    a    Federal   force,    losing    16   pris- 

Oct.  24— Gen.  Boyle,  by  "  order  No.  18," 
I.  Prohibits  any  person  from  purchasing 
and  shipping  goods  and  merchandise  for 
retail  trading,  without  first  taking  the  oath 
of  allegiance  and  getting  a  permit ;  2.  Pro- 
hibits every  person  who  gave  aid  or  comfort 
to  the  late  invaders  from  purchasing  or 
shipping  for  trade  ;  if  they  obtain  permits, 
the  permits  will  not  be  respected,  and  all 
goods  shipped  under  them  will  be  seized 
and  confiscated ;  3.  Public  carriers  must 
not  undertake  to  transport  goods  without 
permits;  4.  "All  Federal  officers  and 
true  loyal  citizens  will  seize  any  contra- 
band goods  shipped  by  any  route  into  the 
States,  and  report  same  to  his  headquar- 
ters." 

Oct.  24,  25— The  Lexington  Observer, 
Paris  Citizen,  Frankfort  Commonwealth,  and 
other  newspapers  in  the  interior  towns  re- 
sume publication,  after  seven  weeks'  sus- 
pension— caused  by  the  flight,  immediately 
after  the  battle  of  Richmond,  of  their 
hands  and  of  some  of  the  editors,  by  the 
suspension  of  the  mails,  and  by  the  occu- 
pation of   the   state   by  the   Confederate 

Oct.  25— Federal  military  authorities 
levy  contributions  to  the  amount  of  $35,000 
on  the  Southern  sympathizers  in,  and 
within  10  miles  of,  Caseyville,  Union  Co.— 
under  the  plea  of  reimbursing  Union  men 
for  the  depredations  of  guerrillas. 

Oct.  25— Heavy  snow,  from  4  to  12 
inches  deep,  all  over  the  state,  heaviest  in 
the  mountain  region  of  south-eastern 
Ky. — making  a  rigorous  winter  campaign 
for  the  poorly  clad  and  poorly  shod  troops 
of  Gen.  Bragg,  on  their  retreat.  Their 
sufi'erings  represented  as  terrible ;  much 
sickness  and  many  lives  lost,  through  fa- 
tigue and  exposure  to  the  inclement 
weather. 

Oct.  25, 26— Skirmishes  near  Paint  Lick, 
Garrard  Co.,  and  Big  Hill,  Madison  co., 
between  Col.  Ed.  McCook's  Federal  and 
Col.  John  H.  Morgan's  and  Col.  Scott's 
Confederate  cavalry.  The  former  capture 
the  telegraph  operators  of  Gen.  Kirby 
Smith's  army,  with  their  apparatus. 

Oct.  26 — The  large  and  unoccupied  resi- 
dence of  Provisional  Governor  Richard 
Hawes,  at  Paris,  seized  by  the  Federal 
authorities  and  converted  into  a  hos- 
pital. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Oct.  27— Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis,  of  Indi- 
ana, indicted  in  Louisville  for  manslaugh- 
ter in  the  killing  of  Gen.  Nelson. 

Oct.  28-31— Col.  R.  M.  Gano's  regiment 
of  Morgan's  Confederate  cav.alry  destroys 
long  sections  of  the  Louisville  and  Nash- 
ville railroad,  and  of  the  Memphis  branch, 
ork  and  bridges,  south 


Richmond,  Va., 

$2    premf 
"       "     "     ity, 


New  York  , 


and  burns 

and  southwest  of  Bowli 
Oct.  31— Gold  selling 
for  $2  50  and  silver  fc 
Confederate  notes  :  and 
gold  selling  for  26@27  cents  premii 
U.  S.  treasury  notes  or  *'  greenbacks." 

Nov.  4 — In  the  Virletle,  a  newspaper  at 
Springfield,  Tenn.,  improvised  by  Col. 
John  H.  Morgan's  Confederate  cavalry, 
are  published  many  letters  denunciatory 
of  Gen.  Buell,  selected  from  a  mail  cap- 
tured in  their  route  out  of  Ky. — They  were 
"glad  to  help,  by  these  means,  to  push 
out  of  their  way  the  man  whom  they 
thought  the  ablest  general  in  the  Federal 
service." 

Nov.  5 — Maj.  Holloway,  and  the  8th 
Ky.  cavalry,  surprise  and  defeat,  at  Pond 
river,  7  Miles  from  Madisonville,  Hopkins 
CO.,  Col.  A.  Fowler's  guerrillas,  killing 
Fowler  and  3  others,  and  capturing  16. 

Nov.  6— Death,  at  Danville,  of  Col. 
Curr.an  Pope,  of  the  15th  Ky.  infantry, 
from  typhoid  fever,  superinduced  by  his 
wound'at  Perryville. 

Nov.  5— Gen.  Boyle  orders  all  Confed- 
erate prisoners  now  in  hospital  at  Har- 
rodsburg  and  other  places  in  Ky.,  who 
are  able  to  march  or  ride,  to  report  at  once 
at  Louisville,  for  removal  to  Vicksburg, 
Mississippi. 

Nov.  6 — Provost  marshal  general  Dent 
paroles  200  Southern  sympathizers,  under 
arrest,  on  condition  that  they  will  go  and 
remain  North  of  the  Ohio  river. 

Nov.  6 — 9  Confederate  soldiers  captured 
and  hung,  near  Hackney's  corners,  2J^ 
miles  from  Big  Rockcastle  river  in  Rock- 
castle CO. — said  to  be  in  retaliation  for  the 
hanging,  near  Cumberland  Ford,  in  Josh 
Bell  CO.,  by  some  pickets  of  Gen.  Kirby 
Smith's  army,  of  Capt.  H.  King,  his  two 
sons,  R.  M.  Singleton,  and  12  others, 
mostly  volunteers  for  the  defense  of  Crab 
Orchard,  but  who  were  charged  with  being 
bushwhackers.  Fearful  inauguration  of 
the  most  horrible  feature  of  civil  war  1 

Nov.  6— Judge  L.  Watson  Andrews,  of 
the  Mason  circuit  court,  at  Maysville,  de- 
cides the  Federal  confiscation  act  uncon- 
stitutional. 

Nov.  7— Col.  John  Dills,  Jr.,  with  his 
39th  Ky.  mountaineers,  routs  a  company 
of  Confederate  soldiers,  capturing  75,  and 
150  guns,  wagons  and  horses. 

Nov.  7— Maj.  Wm.  R.  Kinney,  and  60 
of  the  12th  Ky.  cavalry,  surprise  a  rebel 
camp  of  40  men  near  Calhoon,  McLean 
CO.,  kill  1,  wound  and  capture  1,  and  dis- 
perse the  rest,  who  abandon  25  horses  and 


dered  Maj.  Gen.  MeCook  his  resignation 

on  account  of  President  Lincoln's  eman- 
cipation proclamation — was  ordered  under 
arrest  by  McCook  and  sent  in  irons  to  the 
military  prison.  Two  weeks  after,  Gen. 
Boyle  released  him,  because  no  charges 
had  been  preferred,  and  ordered  him  to 
his  regiment.  He  again  resigned,  upon 
the  same  grounds  ;  and  was  again  placed 
under  arrest,  then  dismissed  in  disgrace 
from  the  service  and  his  insignia  of  office 
stripped  from  him  in  the  presence  of  the 
whole  regiment. 

Nov.  8 — The  distinguished  young  tra- 
gedian, J.  Wilkes  Booth,  playing  to 
crowded  houses,  for  12  nights  past,  at  the 
Louisville  theater.  He  becomes  still  more 
celebrated  by  the  prominent  part  he  takes, 
at  Ford's  theater,  in  Washington  city,  on 
Friday  evening,  April  14,  1865 — in  the 
real  tragedy  of  the  assassination  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln. 

Nov.  9 — Brig.  Gen.  Ransom's  expedi- 
tion, near  G.arrettsburg,  Christian  co.,  de- 
feats Col.  Woodward's  Confederate  force, 
800  strong,  killing  16,  wounding  40,  and 
taking  25  prisoners  ;  Federal  loss  3  killed, 
17  wounded. 

Nov.  11— Col.  Foster's  command  sur- 
prises a  band  of  guerrillas,  near  Madi- 
sonville, Hopkins  co.,  and  captures  sev- 


V.  14 — 10  gunboats 
13,000  troops,  rend( 
us,  Hickman  co.,  fi 
ist  Vicksburg 


t  guns, 
endezvousing  at  Co- 
).,  for  an  expedition 
d  the  opening  of  the 


Nov.  1 


iippi 


-Three 


array  arrested   ii 

and  two  handed  i 
Nov.  15— At  a 


other  valuables  to  thi 
Nov.    —Lieut.  Job 
Federal  infantry,  and  bn 
federate  Col.  Adam  R.  Job 


ptors. 

f  the  17th  Ky. 
;r  of  the  Con- 


Df  the  Federal 
1  Cincinnati  for  stealing 
le  honorably  discharged, 
>ver  for  further  trial. 
-At  a  special  term  of  the  Fay- 
ette circuit  court,  the  grand  jury  brought 
in  215  indictments,  208  of  which  were  for 
treason.  In  Bourbon  circuit  court,  the 
grand  jury,  on  29th,  brought  in  215  indict- 
ments, of  which  195  for  treason. 

Nov.  22— At  Washington  city.  President 
Lincoln  discusses,  with  Kentuekians,  the 
question  of  emancipation — saying  he  would 
rather  die  than  take  back  a  word  of  the 
proclamation  of  freedom,  and  dwelling 
upon  the  advantages  to  the  border  states 
of  his  scheme  for  the  gradual  abolish- 
ment of  slavery,  which  he  urged  them  to 
bring  favorably  before  the  people. 

Nov.  25 — Louisville  Courier  printing 
establishment  sold  at  auction,  in  the  ab- 
sence of  the  proprietor  in  tl  " 
chased  by  the  Louisville  Democrat 
pany  for  $6,150. 

Nov.  25 — A  few  Kentuekians,  "political 
prisoners,"  released  from  Camp  Chase, 
Columbus,  Ohio,  after  3  to  6  months'  im- 


27— Ge 


orde 


of  Frankfort   Yeo- 


1862. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Dec.  2— C.apt.  Martin  Thornberry,  with 
200  of  tho  39th  Ky.  Federal  infantry,  de- 
feated near  Wiseman's  shoals,  in  Floyd 
CO.,  by  a  large  rebel  force  under  Col.  Geo. 
Floyd  ;  loss  2  killed,  (one  of  them  Adju- 
tant Levi  J.  Hampton,)  15  missing,  and  7 
boatloads  of  arms,  munitions  and  provi- 
sions, including  700  muskets  and  40  rounds 
of  cartridges. 

Dec.  3— Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall's  law 
library,  which  had  been  "captured"  at 
CarroHton  and  sent  to  Cincinnati,  decreed 
by  Judge  Leavitt  in  the  U.  S.  district 
court  to  be  confiscated  and  sold — because 
he  was  then  actually  making  war  against 
the  government. 

Dec.  8— U.  S.  congressman  Chas.  A. 
WicklifTe,  of  Ky.,  in  a  card  requests  his 
constituents  or  other  Kentuckians  who 
have  had  slaves  taken  from  them  by  the 
U.  S.  army,  to  send  him  a  sworn  state- 
ment of  the  facts.  His  object  is  to  have 
some  law  passed  by  which  such  slaves 
thus  wrongfully  taken  may  be  peaceably 
recovered  or  accounted  for. 

Dec.  9— Death  of  e.\-Gov.  \Tm.  Owsley, 
near  Danville,  aged  80. 

Dee.  9— Col.  John  H.  McHenry,  of  the 
17th  Ky.  infantry,  dismissed  from  U.  S. 
service,  "  for  issuing  an  order  returning 
slaves  to  their  masters  from  his  camp,  in 
violation  o^  additional  article  of  war." 

Dec.  10— Fayette  circuit  court  issues  a 
writ  for  the  restoration  to  their  *'  Union  " 
owners,  of  slaves  now  detained  or  har- 
bored by  several  regiments  of  soldiers  near 
Lexington.  The  sheriff  is  prevented  by 
armed  force  from  executing  the  writ. 
13 — A  public  meeting  in  Lexington  ap- 
points a  committee  to  enquire  of  Gen. 
Gordon  Granger,  commanding  army  of 
Ky.,  whether  the  forcible  detention  of  the 
slaves  and  resistance  were  authorized,  or 
will  be  sanctioned  or  permitted  hereafter, 
etc.  Gen.  Granger's  answer  was  satis- 
factory and  encouraging,  but  that  of  Maj. 
Gen.  H.  G.  Wright,  commanding  depart- 
ment of  the  Ohio,  was  frank,  but  not  sat- 
isfactory ;  really  increasing  instead  of  al- 
laying the  public  anxiety  as  to  how  far 
the  military  would  be  subordinate  to  the 
civil  authority,  and  how  far  the  escape  of 
slaves  would  he  encouraged. 

Dec.  12 — Louisville  Journal  and  Louis- 
ville Democrat  subscription-price  increased 
$2  for  the  daily,  and  50  cents  for  the 
weekly — because  of  the  enhanced  cost  of 
the  white  paper  on  which  they  are  printed. 
Other  papers  follow  suit. 

Dec.  13— Acting-Gov.  James  F.  Robin- 
son and  Adj.  Gen.  John  W.  Finnell  leave 
Frankfort  for  Washington  city,  to  confer 
with  President  Lincoln  upon  the  present 
position  of  affairs  in  Ky. 

Dec.  15— Garret  Davis,  of  Ky.,  in  the 
U.  S.  senate,  offers  a  resolution  that, 
"  Whereas,  after  it  had  become  manifest 
that  an  insurrection  against  the  United 
States  was  about  to  break  out  in  several 
states,  James  Buchanan,  then  President — 
from  sympathy  with  the  conspirators  and 
their  treasonable  projects — failed  to  take 


therefore,  he  should 
and  condemnation  of  the  senate  and  the 
American  people."  Laid  upon  the  table, 
next  day,  by  a  vote  of  39  to  3. 

Dec.  16— At  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Gen. 
Bragg  issues  an  order  to  conscript  every 
exiled  Kentuckian  and  Tennesseean — 
whereupon  Generals  John  C.  Breckinridge, 
Simon  B.  Buekner,  and  Roger  W.  Hanson 
threatened  resignation  if  this  were  done. 

Dec.  16— A  detachment  of  the  39th  Ky. 
Federal  infantry  defeated  and  captured, 
at  Peters'  creek.  Pike  co. 

Dec.  20.— $1,000,000  U.  S.  postal  cur- 
rency, in  pieces  of  5  cents,  10  cents,  25 
cents,  and  50  cents,  forwarded  to  the  West 
from  AVashington  city. 

Dec.  24— Skirmish  at  Glasgow,  Barren 
CO.,  between  detachments  of  9th  Ky.  and 
3d  Ky.  Confederate  cavalry  (Morgan's) 
and  2d  Michigan  cavalry. 

Dec.  26— Skirmish  at  Bear  Wallow,  Hart 
CO.,  near  Cave  city  ;  Federals  have  the  ad- 
vantage, over  Morgan's  cavalry.  [An- 
other account  says  it  was  near  Hardyvillo, 
Hart  CO.] 

Dec.  26 — Stubborn  defence  of  Bacon 
creek  bridge.  Hart  co.;  100  Federals  cap- 
tured, and   bridge   burned,  by  Morgan's 

Dec.  27 — Desperate  engagement  at  Eliz- 
abethtown,  between  600  Federals  tinder 
Lieut.  Col.  Smith  and  Morgan's  Confed- 
erate cavalry  j  former  captured. 

Dec.  28— Two  great  trestle  works  at 
Muldrow's  Hill,  Hardin  co.— each  80  or  90 
feet  high  and  some  500  feet  long— des- 
troyed and  burned  by  Morgan's  cavalry, 
after  capturing  the  two  garrisons  defending 
them,  of  600  and  200  men. 

Dec.  29— A  large  Federal  force  under 
Col.  John  M.  Harlan,  10th  Ky.  infantry, 
overtakes  Morgan's  cavalry  at  RoUingFork 
river,  and  repulses  them  ;  loss  slight. 

Dec.  30 — A  detachment  of  Morgan's 
cavalry  makes  a  dash  upon  a  small  Federal 
force  at  New  Haven,  Nelson  co.,  but  is 
repulsed. 

Dec.  30— Remarkable  all-night  march 
of  Morgan's  Confederate  cavalry,  through 
great  trials  and  hardships — "  night  in- 
tensely dark,  weather  bitterly  cold,  guides 
inefficient,  and  the  column  floundering 
along  blindly  "—from  Springfield,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  near  to  and  around  Lebanon  ; 
to  avoid  attack  from  a  large  Federal  force 
concentrated  at  Lebanon,  and  another  mov- 
ing to  intercept  them  from  Glasgow  to  Co- 
lumbia. At  Lebanon,  the  troops  drawn  up, 
confidently  expecting  attack  from  another 
direction — where  Morgan  had  kept  up 
fires,  all  night,  as  if  in  camp.  By  night- 
fall of  the  31st,  his  rangers  had  passed 
over  Muldrow's  Hill,  and  were  in  Camp- 
bellsville,  Tiiylor  co. 

Dec.  31— Near  Newmarket,  Marion  co.— 
(Gen.  Basil  W.  Duke,  Hist,  of  Morgan's 
cavalry,  p.  341,  says  after  they  had  crossed 
the  hill  and  were  in  Taylor  co.)— a  des- 
perate hand-to-hand  fight  occurred  be- 
tween Capt.  Alex.Trbible  and  Lieut.  Geo. 


118 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1863. 


Eastin.on  Morgan's  side,  and  Col.  Dennis 
J.  Halisey,  fith  Ky.  cavalry,  and  one  of  his 
lieutenants,  on  the  other— in  which  Hali- 
sey was  killed  and  his  lieutenant  made 
prisoner. 

Dec.  31— Skirmish  near  Newmarket, 
Marion  cc;  Col.  Hoskins'  12th  Ky.  in- 
fantry and  Col.  Halisey's  6th  Ky.  Federal 
cavalry  attack  and  drive  Morgan's  re- 
treating forces,  capturing  some  men  and 
military  supplies. 

Dec.  31— Great  4-days  battle  at  Stone 
river,  within  two  miles  of  Murfreesboro, 
Tenn.,  between  45,000  Federal  troops 
under  Gen.  Wm.  S.  Rosecrans,  and  30,000 
Confederates  under  Gen.  Braxton  Bragg. 
The  Confederate  success  on  Wednesday, 
the  first  day's  fight,  was  remarkable — the 
line  of  the  Federal  right  having  been 
driven  back  from  two  to  three  miles,  31 
pieces  of  artillery  lost,  and  the  dead  and 
wounded,  with  nearly  4,000  prisoners,  in 
the  enemy's  hands.  Friday,  Jan.  2d, 
witnessed  one  of  the  bravest  and  most  de- 
termined chai-ges  ever  made,  by  Maj.  Gen. 
John  C.  Breckinridge's  division,  in  which 
all  the  Kentuckians  in  the  Confederate 
army  were  involved  ;  but  they  were  met, 
mowed  down  and  torn  to  pieces  by  such  a 
terrific  cross-fire  of  artillery,  masked  and 
massed  for  the  purpose,  as  has  no  parallel 
in  the  history  of  wars.  Nothing  but  the 
singular  coolness  and  tenacity  of  Rose- 
crans prevented  a  decisive  defeat  on  the 
first  day  ;  indeed,  that  would  not  have 
saved  him,  in  the  end,  but  for  the  brilliant 
massing  of  his  artillery  on  Friday.  Dur- 
ing Saturday  night,  because  the  Federals 
had  been  reinforced,  Bragg  quietly  with- 
drew his  forces,  taking  with  him  his  pris- 
oners, captured  guns,  and  stores. 

The  total  Federal  loss  was  8,4S5  killed 
and  wounded,  (about  1,580  of  the  former, 
and  6,905  of  the  latter),  and  3,600  missing. 
Of  these  the  Ky.  regiments  lost:  1st  91, 
2d  79,  3d  103,  5th  126,  6th  109,  8th  81, 
9th  92, 11th  88,  15th  60,  23d  82— total  911. 

The  Confederate  loss  is  not  known,  but 
was  very  heavy.  In  Breckinridge's  divi- 
sion, it  was  2,140,  of  which  about  1,700 
occurred  on  Friday.  In  the  brigade  of 
Gen.  Roger  W.  Hanson  (who  was  killed) 
the  loss  of  the  Ky.  regiments  in  killed, 
wounded  and  missing  was :  Lieut.  Col. 
Jas.  W.  Hewitt's  2d  108,  Col.  Robert  P. 
Trabue's  4th  70,  Col.  Jos.  H.  Lewis'  6th 
76,  Col.  Thos.  H.  Hunt's  9th  29,  Capt. 
Robert  Cobb's  Battery  6— total  289. 

1863,  Jan.  1— All  day,  as  Morgan's  cav- 
alry are  marching  from  Campbellsville 
southward  to  Columbia,  in  Adair  oo.,  they 
distinctly  hear  the  roaring  of  heavy  can- 
nonading— which  proved  to  be  at  Murfrees- 
boro, Tenn.,  (115  miles  distant,  in  an  air 
line,)  where  the  great  conflict  between  the 
armies  of  Rosecrans  and  Bragg  was  raging. 

Jan.  1 — President  Lincoln  issues  his 
Emancipation  Proclamation  —  which  he 
had  threatened  to  issue,  or  had  issued  in 
a  qualified  form,  on  Sept.  22,  1862.  "  As 
a  fit  and  necessary  war  measure  for  sup- 
pressing the  rebellion he  orders  and 


declares  that  all  persons  held  as  slaves 
within  the  designated  states  [now  in  re- 
bellion] are  and  henceforward  shall  be 
free."  The  military  and  naval  authori- 
ties will  recognize  and  maintain  their 
freedom  ;  and  the  freedmen  will  be  enlisted 
to  garrison  forts,  etc. 

Jan.  1 — At  Owensboro,  negro  farm 
hands  hire  for  $200  to  $250  per  annum, 
and  cooks  for  $25  to  $125  j  prices  were 
never  higher. 

Jan.  2 — Morgan's  cavalry  (nearly  all 
Kentuckians)  cross  the  Cumberland  river 
at  Burksville.  The  danger  of  further  pur- 
suit being  over,  they  move  leisurely  to 
SmithviUe,  Tenn.,  and  halt  to  rest  and 
recuperate.  The  published  results  of  the 
expedition,  besides  the  destruction  of  the 
several  lines  of  the  Louisville  and  Nash- 
ville railroad,  were  the  capture  of  1,877 
prisoners,  and  a  large  amount  of  military 
stores,  arms,  and  other  government  prop- 
erty —  having  lost  only  2  killed,  24 
wounded,  and  64  missing.  On  May  17, 
1863,  the  Confeder.ate  congress  by  resolu- 
tion tendered  thanks  to  "  Gen.  John  H. 
Morgan  and  his  ofBcers  and  men,  for  their 
varied,  heroic  and  invaluable  services  in 
Tennessee  and  Kentucky  on  this  expedi- 
dition — services  which  have  conferred  upon 
them  fame  as  enduring  as  the  records  of 
the  struggle  which  they  have  so  brilliantly 
illustrated." 

Jan.  8 — Legislature  meets  in  adjourned 

Jan.  12 — Legislature  authorizes  the  ele- 
vation, at  the  center,  of  the  Covington 
and  Cineinati  bridge  to  be  made  100  feet 
above  low  water  mark,  instead  of  122  feet. 
20 — By  resolution,  requests  congress 


pass 


citizens  now  "confined  in  some  military 
prisons  of  the  so-called  Confederate 
States"  [AVm.  Thompson  of  Metcalfe  co., 
Jonathan  Williams  of  Russell  co.,  Nathan 
Buchanan  of  Pulaski  co.,  and  John  S. 
Stockton,  Noah  Cresselius,  and  Jeff.  Dicken 
of  Clinton  co.]  and  all  others  in  their 
condition — either  as  prisoners  of  war,  or 
for  citizens  held  in  military  prisons  by  the 
Federal  government Accepts  the  do- 
nation of  lands  from  the  U.  S.  congress  to 
Ky.,  for  the  endowment  of  an  agricultu- 
ral college. 

Jan.  14 — Very  heavy  rains  all  day  in 
northern  Ky.,  followed  by  sleet  and  snow. 

Jan.  15,  16— One  of  the  heaviest  falls 
of  snow  ever  known  in  Ky.;  10  inches 
deep  at  Paris  and  Lexington,  18  inches  at 
Maysville,  at  some  points  nearly  2  feet; 
railroad  trains  "  snowed  up"  for  two  days. 
15 — Railroad  bridge  over  the  Ky.  river  at 
Frankfort  swept  away  by  the  flood. 

Jan.  20— Col.  John  C.  Cochran,  of  the 
14th  Ky.,  and  other  ofiieers  resign,  because 
of  the  president's  emancipation  procla- 
mation. 

Feb.  2— A  letter  from  Col.  Laban  J. 
Bradford,  of  Augusta,  shows  that  Ky.  is 
the  largest  tobacco-growing  state.  She 
produced  in  IBBO,  97,906,903  and  in  1850, 
55,501,190  pounds— an  increase  of  42,405,- 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


119 


707  pounds  in  ten  yeavs.  The  Louisville 
%Yarehouses  in  1So7  sold  a  little  over  8,000 
hogsleads,  and  in  1861  about  29,500— one 
house  alone  selling  more  than  the  entire 
sales  of  Liverpool,  England. 

Feb.  4 — Legislature  instructs  our  sen- 
ators and  requests  our  representatives  in 
congress  to  try  and  secure  the  speedy  pay- 
ment of  all  just  claims  of  our  citizens 
against  the  National  government;  and  to 

the  damages  sustained  by  the  seizure  and 
appropriation  of  private  property  to  public 
use,  with  enlarged  discretion  as  to  in- 
formal   vouchers 6  —  Appropriates 

$50,000,  out  of  which  to  pay  to  9-moiiths' 
volunteers  one  month's  pay  in  advance 
26— Lays  off  the  state  into  9  con- 
gressional districts 28— Majjes  it  the 

duty  of  county  court  clerks,  in  certifying 
instruments  for  record,  to  certify  that  they 
are  duly  stamped,  or  not,  as  required  by 
act  of  congress. 

Feb.  6 — Heavy  siege  guns  being  mount- 
ed on  the  fortifications  in  the  rear  of  Cov- 
ington and  Newport. 

Feb.  8 — Richard  Springer,  a  Revolu- 
tionary soldier  104  years  old,  still  living 
in  Louisville;  he  fought  at  Brandywine 
and  at  Germantown,  being  wounded  at 
the  latter  place ;  he  has  never  received  a 
pension,  or  any  provision  from  the  govern- 
ment— probably  from  the  difiiculty  of 
proving  his  service. 

Feb.  11 — Ky.  bank  notes  at  5  per  cent 
in  Cincinnati,  and  gold  in  New  York  at 
bi%  per  cent  premium ;  cotton  92  cents 
per  pound. 

Feb.  12 — Two  companies  of  Morgan's 
Confederate  cavalry  attack  and  defeat 
Federal  soldiers  at  Burksville,  Cumber- 
land CO.,  killing  or  wounding  7 ;  and 
"  break  up  in  tremendous  disorder"  a  pub- 
lic meeting  where  Col.  Wolford  was  ap- 
pointed to  speak. 

Feb.  13— Ky.  University  authorized  to 
loan  its  funds  at  not  exceeding  ten  per 
cent  conventional  interest. 

Feb.  17 — In  the  house  of  representatives, 
Dr.  A.  B.  Chambers  moved  that  the  house 
adjourn  over  till  Feb.  19th,  and  the  use 
of  the  hall  be  tendered  to  the  [Democratic 
state]  convention  to  assemble  in  Frankfort 
to-morrow.  For  the  first  time  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  state,  the  courtesy  of  the  use 
of  the  hall  by  a  state  convention  of  a 
great  party  was  refused  ;  yeas  36,  nays  40. 

Feb.  18 — Ky.  bank  notes  at  Louisville 
10,  and  gold  61,  per  cent  premium. 

Feb.  18— Death  of  James  Harlan,  U.  S. 
district  attorney  for  Ky.,  at  Frankfort, 
aged  63. 

Feb.  18— Co!.  Roy  S.  Cluke's  regiment 
of  Morgan's  Confederate  cavalry,  750 
strong,  cross  Cumberland  river  in  flatboats, 
on  a  raid  into  Ky.;  the  cold  so  bitter  that 
8  horses  chilled  to  death  immediately  after 
swimming  the  river. 

Feb.  18— Senate  refuses  to  further  con- 
sider a  petition  from  J.  A.  Bell,  of  Scott 
CO.,  'Spraying  permission  for  certain  free 


negroes  of  Brown  county,  Ohio,  to  return 
to  slavery." 

Feb.  18—200  delegates,  from  40  counties, 
to  the  Democratic  state  convention — called 
to  nominate  candidates  for  governor,  lieu- 
tenant governor,  and  other  state  officers, 
to  be  voted  for  at  the  August  election — 
having  been  denied  the  use  of  the  hall  of 
the  house  of  representatives,  meet  at  Met- 
ropolitan Hall,  in  Frankfort,  at  U  a.  m., 
are  called  to  order  by  Capt.  John  W. 
Leathers,  of  Kenton  co.,  and  organize 
with  ex-U.  S.  senator  David  Meriwether, 
of  Jefferson  eo.,  in  the  chair  and  two  sec- 
retaries. When  called  to  order,  and  be- 
fore organizing.  Col.  E.  A.  Gilbert,  of  the 
44th  Ohio  Federal  infantry,  commander  of 
the  forces  here — and  who  had  fortified 
himself  for  a  bold  move  by  ordering  his 
soldiers,  with  guns  and  fi,\ed  bayonets  to 
be  drawn  up  in  front  of  the  Hall — read 
his  "  general  order  No.  3;"  **  that  all  per- 
sons now  here  who  are  not  residents,  and 
who  are  not  members  of  the  Ky.  legisla- 
ture, or  ofiicers  of  the  state  government, 
shall  forthwith  report  their  names  to  these 
headquarters,  accompanied  with  a  satisfac- 
tory reference  as  to  their  loyalty  to  the 
government  of  the  U.  S."  Asa  P.  Grover 
of  Owen  CO.,  and  Wm.  B.  Read  of  Larue 
CO.,  senators,  and  W.  P.  D.  Bush  of  Han- 
cock co.,  Wm.  Johnson  of  Scott  co.,  and 
Dr.  A.  B.  Chambers  of  Gallatin  co.,  rep- 
resentatives, who  were  present  as  mem- 
bers of  the  convention,  vouched  for  the 
delegates — as  their  namc«  were  called  out 
and  taken  down  by  Col.  Gilbert's  adjutant. 

Col.  Gilbert  notified  the  convention  that 
its  further  business  was  ^'  arrested;"  that 
those  present  would  not  be  permitted  to 
hold  a  convention  within  the  department 
under  his  command;  that  if  nominations 
were  made,  the  candidates  would  be  ar- 
rested ;  and  if  elected,  they  would  not  be 
permitted  to  hold  ofiice.  He  should  pre- 
serve the  list  of  delegates,  it  might  be  of 
great  importance  ;  he  required  all  present 
to  return  peaceably  and  quietly  to  their 
homes,  and  to  refrain  from  all  "seditious 
and  noisy  conversation."  He  said  he 
might  have  acted  differently,  had  not  the 
**  Conservative  Democratic  legislature"  re- 
fused the  use  of  its  hall ;  and  the  conserv- 
ative Democratic  newspapers  repudiated 
them  .IS  Democrats,  while  they,  as  well  as 
common  rumor,  characterized  them  as 
rebel  sympathizers. 

Dr.  Chambers  presented  to  Col.  Gilbert 
a  series  of  6  resolutions,  adoi)ted  at  a  pre- 
liminary meeting,  as  embodying  the  views 
of  this  meeting.  But  Col.  Gilbert  refused 
to  let  them  be  read,  and  said  positively 
the  convention  must  not  be  holden.  The 
delegates  then  quietly  adjourned  sine  die, 
under  the  persuasive  arguments  or  threats 
of  military  despotism. 

Next  day,  Feb.  19,  in  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives, Dr.  A.  B.  Chambers  moved 
to  dispense  with  the  rules  of  the  house,  to 
enable  him  to  present  a  petition  from  Gov. 
Meriwether,  G.  W.  Williams  of  Hancock 
CO.,  and  Dr.  Joa.  R.  Buchanan  of  Louis- 


120 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


ville,  fully  setting  forth  the  facts  above, 
with  the  resolutions;  and  praying  the  adop- 
tion of  such  legislation  as  will  best  con- 
serve the  constitutional  right  of  citizens 
peacefully  to  assemble  together,  the  right 
of  suffrage,  and  the  right  of  free  speech, 
and  protect  the  citizens  from  military  vio- 
lence. The  motion  was  rejected  and  a 
hearing  refused,  by  a  tie  vote,  40  yeas  to 
40  nays. 

The  senate,  March  2,  by  yeas  14,  nays 
12,  on  motion  of  C.  T.  Worlhington,  "  Re- 
solved, That  the  course  taken  by  Col.  Gil- 
bert in  suppressing  the  late  convention 
assembled  here  on  Feb.  18th,  is  condemned 
by  the  senate  as  uncalled  for  by  the  exi- 
gencies of  the  time,  and  not  needed  or 
desired  by  the  Union  Democracy  of  Ky., 
who  are  self-reliant,  and  able  to  control 
all  such  assemblages.  Such  interference 
on  the  part  of  the  military  is  dangerous 
in  its  tendencies,  and  should  not  pass  unre- 
buked."  At  night,  in  the  absence  of  sev- 
eral senators  who  had  voted  for  it,  the 
resolution  was  reconsidered,  and  referred 
to  the  committee  on  federal  relations. 

Feb.  20— Cluke's  cavalry  capture  Fed- 
eral troops  at  Mt.  Vernon,  Rockcastle  co. 
Feb.  20— Skirmish  10  miles  south  of 
Richmond  ;  Lieut.  Cunningham,  of  Cluke's 
cavalry,  and  17  scouts,  defeat  and  capture 
24  Federals. 

Feb.  21— Capt.  Thos.  H.  Hines,  com- 
manding Morgan's  scouts,  detailed  with 
Lieut.  J.  M.  Porter  and  13  men  for  the 
purpose,  burns  the  depot  and  three  cars, 
stored  with  Federal  property,  at  South 
Union,  Logan  co.,on  the  Memphis  branch 
railroad.  25 — Captures  steamer  Hattie 
Gilmore,  on  Barren  river,  heavily  lade 
with  Federal  military  stores,  which  h 
destroys,  paroling  the  boat.  26 — Destroys 
a  locomotive,  and  21  cars  filled  with  U.  S. 
property,  at  Woodburn,  Warren  co.,  on 
the  Louisville  and  Nashville  railroad. 
Total  value  of  U.  S.  government  property 
destroyed  $500,000. 

Feb.  21— Maj.  Theophilus  Steele,  with 
3  companies  of  Cluke's  regiment  of  Mor- 
gan's cavalry,  pursues  a  retreating  Federal 
force  of  250  from  Richmond  to  Lexington, 
skirmishing  briskly  at  Combs'  ferry. 

ius  M.  Clay,  in 


Feb.  24 
a  letter  to  the  New  YorK  limes,  says  "  He 
has  done  what  he  could,  and  shall  do  what 
he  can,  to  induce  the  President  to  put 
Gen.  Benj.  F.  Butler  in  place  of"  Gen.  H. 
W.  Halleck,  as  general-in-chief — because 

(Clay)  "had  told  President  Lincoln  that 
he  could  not  and  would  not  enter  the  field, 
unless  the  policy  of  liberating  the  slaves 
of  rebels  was  adopted.  Nothing  short  of 
that  can  give  the  vigor  and  efi'ect  to  our 
arms  which  the  crisis  and  the  public  sen- 
timent demands." 

Feb.  24— The  house  of  representatives 
adopts  the  report  of  the  select  committee 
exonerating  Gen.  Lucius  Desha,  the 
member  from  Harrison  county,  from  the 
charge  of  "having  given  aid  and  assist- 
ance to  the  rebel,  John  Morgan,  and  his 


guerrilla  band,  in  the  engagement  at  Cyn- 
thiana,  July  17,  1862,  and  of  otherwise 
having  aided  and  abetted  the  present  re- 
bellion." 

Feb.  25 — A  Federal  brigade  dashes  into 
Mountsterling,  Montgomery  co.,  driving 
out  a  portion  of  Col.  Cluke's  cavalry. 
Two  days  after,  Cluke,  having  by  a  shrewd 
ruse  caused  the  large  Federal  force  to  be 
sent  oflf  to  Paris,  re-enters  the  town,  cap- 
turing the  garrison  and  stores. 

Feb.  25 — Library  committee  in  the  Ky 
house  of  representatives  report  that  "out 
of  12,000  or  14,000  volumes  in  the  state 
library,  probably  there  cannot  be  found 
more  than  100  on  the  subjects  of  history, 
biography  and  general  literature.  Of  the 
well  known  histories  of  Kentucky  by 
Humphrey  Marshall,  in  1824,  Mann  But- 
ler in  1834,  and  Lewis  Collins  in  1847, 
there  is  not  a  copy  in  the  library  of  the 
commonwealth  which  is  the  subject  of 
those  histories.  Thus  much  may  be  said 
of  the  contributions  to  Western  history 
by  Gen.  Robert  B.  McAfee  in  1816  and 
Gov.  James  T.  Morehead  in  1840.  Of 
the  great  statesman  who  has  added  so 
much  to  the  historic  fame  of  Kentucky, 
Henry  Clay,  not  a  single  memoir  or  vol- 
ume of  speeches  is  to  be  found  in  this 
Capitol.  With  the  exception  of  the  books 
published  at  the  expense  of  the  state,  and 
a  few  guides  to  law  officers,  there  is 
scarcely  a  copy  of  any  work  written  or 
edited  by  a  native  Kentuckian. 

"  Would  it  not  have  been  eminently 
proper,  in  former  legislatures  which  have 
ened  in  this  capitol,  and  manifested 
time  to  time  a  becoming  pride  in  the 
past  history  of  Kentucky — by  rearing 
military  and  civic  monuments  over  the 
graves  of  her  illustrious  dead — to  have 
expended  annually  a  small  sum  in  the 
purchase  of  printed  memorials  of  her  sons, 
r,  many    of   vhich    will  be 


than  any  r 
think  so,  a 
as  imperative 


beli^ 


such  duty  to 
was  in  former 

Feb.  26— Publication  of  the  True  Pres- 
hyterian  at  Louisville  resumed,  by  Rev. 
Stuart  Robinson,  D.  D.,  and  Rev.  Robert 
Morrison.  It  had  been  suspended,  by 
military  interference,  since  Sept.  18,  1862. 

March  2 — Interesting  scene  in  the  hall 
of  the  house  of  representatives,  in  joint 
session  of  the  general  assembly.  Beauti- 
ful message  from  Gov.  James  F.  Robin- 
son, presenting  the  battle-worn  and  storm- 
torn  flags  of  the  6th,  8th,  9th,  15th,  17th, 
and  21st  regiments  of  Ky.  volunteer 
(Federal)  infantry.     Resolutions  adopted, 

1.  To  deposit  them  in  the  state  library; 

2.  Of  thanks  to  Edward  C.  Hockersmith 
and  John  T.  Gunn,  gallant  extemporaneous 
color-bearers  of  the  21st  Ky.;  3.  Ordering 
printed  for  distribution  5,000  copies  of  the 

jessage  and  proceedings. 

March  2 — Legislature  adopts  a  series  of 

2  resolutions  concerning  national  affairs, 

most  of  them  by  an  almost  unanimous  vote, 

I  The  4th  "  enters  this  general  assembly's 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


solemn  protest"  against  the  emancipation 
proclamation,  as  unwise,  unconstitutionil 
and  void.  The  6th  "declines  to  accept 
the  president's  proposition  for  emancipa- 
tion, as  contained  in  his  proclamation  of 
May  19,  1S62;"  [Jas.  Speed,  senator,  and 
Perry  S.  Layton,  representative,  alone 
voted  against  this.]  The  10th  favors  a 
convention  to  propose  amendments  to  the 


Ma 


-Lcgisli 


■e  makes  special 
provision  for  common  school  districts  in- 
terrupted by  the  war Negroes  claim- 
ing freedom  under  or  by  virtue  of  (he 
President's  proclamation  of  Jan.  1,  1863, 
forbidden  to  migrate  to  or  remain  in  this 

state Appropriates  .$100  per  annum 

for  the  purchase  of  literary  and  miscella- 
neous works  for  the  state  library 3 — 

Resolves,  "  That  we  have  witnessed  with 
pride  the  gallant  conduct  of  Col.  John  H. 
McHenry,  Jr.,  late  commander  of  the 
17th  Ky.  volunteers  ;  and  do  heartily  in- 
dorse and  approve  the  order  made  by  him 
in  Oct.  last— construing  it,  as  we  do,  to 
mean  that  he  would  expel  from  his  lines, 
and  permit  their  owners  to  take  in  posses- 
sion, all  runaway  slaves  found  within  his 
camp."  [The  house  of  representatives, 
Feb.  2,  unauimoHsly  passed  a  spirited  re- 


port 1 


iirgumg 


hardshii 


nd  injustice — of  which  they  requested  the 
governor  to  send  a  copy  to  the  president — 
asking  him  to  rescind  the  order  dismiss- 
ing Col.  McHenry  j  but  the  senate,  after 
repeated  sessions  upon  the  matter,  Feb.  25, 
passed  the  above  very  tame  and  impotent 
resolution,  and  the  house  concurred  in  it — 
permanent  record  evidence  of  a  remarkable 
decay  of  the  spirit  of  resistance  to,  and 
even  of  protest  against,  military  aggres- 
sion and  domination.] 

March  2 — Restrictions  on  trade  between 
northern  states  and  Ky.  partially  re- 
moved ;  permits  for  shipments  issued  only 
to  parties  **  well  indorsed  as  to  their  loy- 
alty." 

March  3 — Legislature  authorizes  the 
auditor  to  give  to  certain  clerks  or  sheriffs, 
credit  for,  or  to  refund  to  certain  other  par- 
ties, the  following  sums  of  money  which 
they  were,  by  duress  or  forcibly,  compelled 
to  pay  to  "  commissioners  of  the  so-called 
Provisional  Government  of  Ky.,"  or  to 
Confederate  officers  :  In  the  counties  of 
Logan  $6,600,  Simpson  $1,000,  Marshall 
$46,  Owen  $600,  Warren  $1,941,  Allen 
$785,  Fulton  $904,  Caldwell  $800— total 
$12,676.  during  this  session. 

March  4 — Ky.  bank  notes  at  Louisville 
14  per  cent  premium. 

March  6— Four  bales  of  cotton,  part  of 
several  small  lots  raised  in  Simpson  co., 
Ky.,  sold  in  Louisville  at  80  cents  per 
pound. 

March  10— TJ.  S.  senate  refuses  to  con- 
6rm  the  nomination  of  Brig.  Gen.  Horatio 
G.  Wright  to  a  major-generalship,  which 
position  he  has  held  by  appointment  and 
also  military  commander  of  the  depart- 
ment embracing  Ky. 

March   12— Judge  Wm.  C.  Goodloe,  in 


the  Fayette  circuit  court  at  Lexington, 
decides  the  law  of  congress  which  makes 
U.  S.  treasury  notes  a  legal  tender  con- 
stitutional.    Appeal  taken. 

March  15— Atlanta  (Georgia)  Co«fe_d- 
eracj/  says  that  in  the  Confederate  service 
are  10  regiments  of  infantry,  10  regiments 
and  several  battalions  of  cavalry,  and  5 
batteries  of  artillery,  from  Ky. 

March  18,  19 — Union  Democratic  state 
convention  at  Louisville;  94  out  of  110 
counties  represented.  Hon.  James  A. 
Cravens,  recently  a  Democratic  member 
of  congress  from  Indiana — although  in- 
vited to  speak  by  acclamation,  introduced 
by  ex-Gov.  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe,  and  his 
loyalty  vouched  for  by  congressman  Geo. 
H.  Yeaman,  and  by  Col.  C.  L.  Dunham, 
of  an  Indiana  regiment  ("  who  had  spent 
most  of  the  last  two  years  in  Kentucky 
defending  her  soil  ") — was  cried  down  and 
insulted,  by  cries  of  "traitor,"  "butter- 
nut," "  copperhead,"  *'  put  him  out ;"  be- 
cause, among  other  things,  "  he  hoped 
they  would  inaugurate  a  policy  which, 
while  it  would  put  down  rebellion,  would 
also  preserve  the  constitution  with  all  its 
guaranties;  Abraham  Lincoln  could  not 
have  organized  the  army  without  the  aid 
of  the  Democralio  party  ;  the  war  could 
not  have  lasted  twenty-four  hours  without 
their  aid  and  assistance ;  they  were  the 
only  party  that  could  save  the  country, 
and  yet  they  were  denounced  and  branded 
as  traitors."  After  an  hour's  violent  con- 
fusion, he  was  allowed  to  proceed  for  a  few 
minutes, in  peace.  Joshua  F.Bell  was  nom- 
inated for  governor,  receiving  627  votes, 
acting-Gov.  James  F.  Robinson  171  ;  Mor- 
timer M.  Benton  79,  CoU  Thos.  E.  Erain- 
lette  77,  Gen.  Jerry  T.  Boyle  49,  Brutus  J. 
Clay  19.  For  lieutenant  governor,  Rich- 
ard T.  Jacob  was  nominated  on  the  second 
ballot,  receiving  606  votes.  Col.  Geo.  T. 
AVood450.  [Many  "  Union-Democrats  "— 
finding  themselves  deceived,  by  the  course 
of  men  heretofore  co-operating  with  them 
and  loud  in  conservative  professions,  but 
now  rushing  headlong  into  most  extreme 
measures — condemn  the  action  of  the  con- 
vention, and  manifest  a  growing  disposi- 
tion to  part  company  with  the  controlling 

March  21— Col.  Cluke's  Confederate  cav- 
alry, about  300,  after  a  desperate  fight  of 
four  hours,  and  setting  fire  to  several 
houses  from  which  he  had  been  fired  upon, 
captures  Mountsterling,  with  428  prison- 
ers, 220  wagons  laden  with  valuable  mili- 
tary stores,  500  mules,  and  nearly  1,000 
stand  of  arms  ;  loss  in  killed  and  wounded. 
Confederates  11,  Federals  3. 

March  24 — Gen.  Pegram's  Confederate 
cavalry  occupy  Danville ;  Col.  Wolford's 
cavalry  resisting  their  advance  all  day, 
but  falling  back  towards  Lexington;  he 
lost  27  killed  and  wounded ;  Confederate 
loss  about  the  same,  together  with  30  pris- 

March  24— Federal  military  authorities 
under  Col.  Sanders  D.  Bruce,  impress  ne- 
groes in  Bourbon  co.,  sending  them  to  Lex- 


122 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


ington  to  work  on  intrenchments  and  for 
other  labor.  Any  person  disobeying  the 
order  or  obstructing  its  e.\ecution  is  threat- 
ened with  arrest  and  imprisonment. 

March  24— Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall's 
Confederate  forces  make  a  dash  upon  a 
portion  of  Gen.  White's  Federal  troops, 
about  10  miles  from  Louisa,  Lawrence  co., 
forcing  them  back  on  the  large  force,  when 
the  former  withdrew. 

March  SO— Col.  Chas.  J.  Walker's  10th 
Ky.  cavalry  attacks  Col.  Cluke's  Confed- 
erate cavalry,  6  miles  east  of  Mountster- 
ling,  routes  them,  and  drives  them  beyond 
the  Licking  river. 

March  30— Battle  of  Dutton  Hill,  I'A 
miles  from  Somerset,  Pulaski  county  ;  be- 
tween 1,100  Federal  troops  (400  of  Col. 
Wolford's  1st  Ky.  cavalry)  under  Brig. 
Gen.  Q.  A.  Gillmore,  and  2,600  Confeder- 
ate cavalry  under  Gen.  Pegram.  After  a 
sharp  engagement  of  5  hours,  the  latter 
retreated  over  the  Cumberland  river,  hav- 
ing lost  soaie  250,  mostly  in  prisoners; 
Federal  loss  60,  in   killed,   wounded  and 

March  31— Maj.  Gen.  Ambrose  E.  Burn- 
side,  the  new  commander  of  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ohio,  which  includes  Ky., 
orders  the  dishonorable  discharge  from 
the  U.  S.  military  service  of  Capt.  Wm. 
D.  Ratcliffe,  10th  Ky.  cavalry,  for  his  sur- 
render of  Mountsterling.  [A  court  of  in- 
quiry afterwards  honorably  acquitted  him, 
and  he  was  restored  to  his  regiment.] 
Because  of  some  irregularity  by  the  Con- 
federates in  paroling  the  prisoners,  Gen. 
B.  declares  the  parole  void,  and  orders  the 
men  and  officers  to  report  to  his  headquar- 
ters at  Cincinnati  for  dutv. 

March  31— Brig.  Gen.  Speed  Smith  Fry, 
from  headquarters  U.  S.  forces  at  Danville, 
issues  a  locomotive  general  order,  requiring 
1.  "  The  quartermaster  and  commissary 
stores  left  in  Danville  by  the  Federal 
forces,  and  now  in  the  hands  of  the  citi- 
zens of  the  town,  to  bo  sent  back  to  the 
places  from  which  they  were  taken  ;"  2. 
"  The  articles  taken  from  private  citizens 
by  the  rebels  whilst  in  the  town  recently, 
and  distributed  amongst  some  of  their 
sympathizers,  will  be  at  once  returned  to 


the 


proper  own 


All  male 


zens  who  by  word  or  act  gave  the  rebels, 
whilst  here,  any  aid  or  comfort  or  infor- 
mation, are  hereby  ordered  to  leave  the 
place,  and  not  make  their  appearance  here 
again  until  they  can  return  with  full  de- 
termination to  be  quiet  and  loyal  citizens  ; 
they  h^ive  forfeited  all  claims  to  the  protec- 
tion either  of  the  general  or  state  govern- 
ment, and  will  not  receive  it  j  they  must  go, 
and  go  at  once." 

April  1— "Brain  fever"  carries  off  17 
Confederate  soldiers,  in  one  regiment,  in 
southern  Ky.,  in  a  few  days.  The  pa- 
tient suffers  with  a  terrible  pain  in  the 
back  of  the  head  and  along  the  spine  ; 
the  extremities  soon  become  cold,  and  the 
patient  sinks  in  torpor;  every  case  fatal, 

April  3 — A  full-grown  magnificent  pan- 


ther, weighing  111  pounds,  and  measuring 
7  feet  from  nose  to  tip  of  tail,  killed  by 
John  Curtis,  5}i  miles  from  Lexington,  on 
Frankfort  road. 

April  4 — Martial  law  abolished  at  Lex- 
ington, and,  April  8,  at  Paris.  During 
its  reign  the  citizens  suffered  for  want  of 
wood  and  eatables. 

April  5 — Wm.  Kaye  elected  mayor  of 
Louisville  by  710  majority  over  Thos.  H. 
Crawford,  both  "  Union  " — the  former  sup- 
ported by  the  Democrat  and  the  latter  by 
the  Journal  newspapers. 

April  6 — Judge  Jos.  Doniphan,  in  the 
Kenton  circuit  court  at  Covington,  decides 
that  congress-  has  no  power  to  pass  any 
act  of  which  the  effect  would  be  to  divest 
a  state  court  of  its  jurisdiction. 

April  9 — A  large  body  of  land  and  some 
rnilri^nd  stock,  confiscated  as  the  property 
of  Col.  Wm.  Preston,  (of  Ky.,)  of  the 
Confederate  army,  sold  at  auction  at 
Charlestown,  Indiana,  for  account  of  the 
U.  S.  government. 

April  U — Gen.  Pegram's  Confederate 
cavalry  defeated  at  Somerset,  Pulaski  CO.; 
many  taken  prisoners. 

April  12— Col.S.  R.  Mott,of  llSthOhio, 
commanding  at  Cynthiana,  forbids  any 
person  buying,  selling  or  shipping  mer- 
chandise or  groceries  "  without  first  pro- 
curing a  certificate  of  six  unconditional 
Union  men  to  the  effect  that  he  himself  ia 
an  unconditional  Union  man." 

April  13 — Savage  and  brutal  code  pro- 
mulgated by  Maj.  Gen.  AmbroseE.  Burn- 
side,  commander  of  the  department  which 
includes  Ky.  Besides  some  severe  regu- 
lations strictly  military  and  legitimate  in 

writers  of  letters  sent  by  secret  mails" 
are  threatened  with  death,  without  dis- 
crimination as  to  the  character  of  the 
letters  or  mail.  "  Persons  declaring  sym- 
pathy for  the  enemy  will  be  at  once  ar- 
rested with  a  view  to  being  tried  as  traitors, 
and  if  convicted  suffer  death,  or  sent  be- 
yond our  lines  into  the  lines  of  their 
friends."     Known  as  "  Order  No.  38." 

April  17 — Suspension  of 
factories    at    Louisville, 
operatives  out  of  employn 

April  17— Gen.  Wilcox, 
Lexington,  orders  the  exclusion,  from  big 
department,  of  the  Cincinnati  Enqnirer. 
Gen.  Burnside,inafew  days,countermand3 
the  order. 

April  19 — Fine  bridge  at  Lower  Blue 
Licks,  in  Nicholas  co.,  over  the  Licking 
river,  fired  by  an  incendiary  and  burned 
down.     It  was  built  30  years  ago. 

April  20 — Gen.  Burnside  orders  the  ar- 
rest of  any  persons  guilty  of  trafficking 
in  Confederate  scrip. 

April  22— Wm.  F.  Corbin  and  T.  G. 
Magraw, confederate  captains,  found  guilty 
by  court  martial  (under  Burnside's  "order 
No.  38  ")  of  recruiting  for  the  Confederate 
army,  and  ordered  to  be  shot  on  May  15, 
on  Johnson's  Island. 

April  22 — Confederate  raid  on  Tomp- 
kinsville,  Monroe  co.,  (in  revenge  for  the 


baeco  manu- 


ndat 


1863. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Federal  raid  on  and  burning  of  Celina, 
Tenn.);  several  killed,  and  court  house 
and  several  other  buildings  burned. 

April  23— Death  of  Elijah  Denny,  aged 
110,  in  Rockcastle  co.;  he  fought  at  Stony 
Point  and  in  other  battles  of  the  Revolu- 


lary  ' 


April  23— A  small  Confederate  detneh- 
ment  defeated  near  Rockhold,  Whitley 
CO.,  losing  4  killed  and  9  taken  prisoners. 
April  23— A  general  court  martial  at 
Cincinnati  condemns  Sampson  D.  Talbot, 
of  Bourbon  co.,  to  $1,000  fine  and  impris- 
onment 3  months,  and  longer  unless  the 
fine  is  paid,  for  harboring  and  concealing 
Confederate  soldiers  ;  also,  (for  being  pres- 
ent at  Talbot's  house,)  Thos.  Sullivan  to 
60  days  imprisonment — both  in  the  mili- 
tary prison  on  Johnson's  island,  near  San- 
dusky, Ohio.  Thos.  M.  Campbell,  a  Con- 
federate soldier  of  Nicholas  co.,  was  also 
condemned  to  be  hung  as  a  spy,  sent  to 
Johnson's  island  in  irons,  and  ordered  to 
be  executed  May  8,  1863 ;  he  was  not 
e-tecuted  at  that  time,  it  was  stated,  be- 
cause "  he  had  signified  his  willingness  to 
inform  on  other  spies." 

April  24— Joshua  F.  Bell  declines  the 
nomination  of  the  "  Union "  party  for 
governor.  May  2— Col.  Thos.  E.  Bram- 
lette  is  nominated  in  his  place,  by  the 
"  Union  Democratic  central  committee." 

April  27—30  guerrillas  attack  a  train 
on  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  railroad,  4 
miles  north  of  Franklin,  Simpson  co., 
but  are  driven  off,  losing  several  killed 
and  wounded,  by  100  Federal  soldiers  con- 
cealed on  the  train. 

April  29— Gen.  Carter,  with  Wolford's 
1st  Ky.  cavalry  and  the  7th  Ohio,  over- 
takes and  drives  a  Confederate  force  from 
Monticello,  Wayne  co.,  killing  8,  wound- 
ing 18,  and  capturing  over  30  prisoners. 

April  29— Near  Meadeville,  Meade  co., 
the  36lh  Ky.  Federal  cavalry  surround  10 
guerrillas,  kill  9  and  mortally  wound  1. 

April  30 — President  Lincoln  sets  apart 
this  Thursday,  "  as  a  day  of  national  hu- 
miliation, fasting  and  prayer." 

May  1— Gen.  Carter  drives  a  force  of 
Morgan's  Confederate  cavalry  out  of  Mon- 
ticello, Wayne  co.;  heavy  skirmishing. 

May  6—33  soldiers,  27th  New  Jersey, 
drowned  in  crossing  the  CumberUnd  river, 
at  Stagall's  ferry,  by  upsetting  a  boat. 

May  8 — 11  young  men  recruited  for  the 
Confederate  army  by  Wm.  S.  Waller,  jr., 
surprised  at  midnight  and  captured  by  a 
squad  under  Col.  W.  H.  Wadsworth,  near 
Maysville. 

May  10— Adj.  Gen.Finnell  calls  for  the 
enlistment  of  20,000  Kentuckians,  for  the 
defence  of  the  state,  as  authorized  by 
special  act  of  congress. 

May  10— The  Gen.  Buell  court  of  in- 
quiry, after  a  session  of  5  months,  and 
taking  5,000  manuscript  pages  of  testi- 
mony, closes  its  labors. 

May  10— Judge  Lane,  of  Ala., publishes 
a  statement  made  in  his  hearing  by  the 
late  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston— that 
"  without  Kentucky,  Missouri  and  Mary- 


land, the  Southern  Confederacy  could  not 

May  11 — Brisk  engagement  at  "  the 
N.-.vrows,"  in  the  Horseshoe  bend  of  tho 
Cumberland  river,  in  Wayne  Co.,  between 
480  of  Col.  Jacob's  9th  Kv.  cavalry  and 
800  of  Gen.  John  H.  Morg.an's  Confeder- 
ate cavalry.  The  former  successful  at 
first,  but  finally  had  to  fall  back  across 
Greasy  creek ;  Federal  loss  in  killed, 
wounded  and  missing  42 ;  Confederate 
loss  32  in  killed  and  wounded,  according 
to  Gen.  Duke. 

May  13— Confederates  defeated  in  a 
skirmish  near  Wootiburn,  Warren  co. 

May  13— Gen.  Burnside's  "  order  No. 
66"  requires  the  wives  and  families  of 
persons  absent  in  the  Confederate  army  to 
be  sent  South  *' as  speedily  as  possible." 
**  Persons  who  have  been  connected  with 
the  rebel  army  will  be  arrested  as  spies, 
if  they  -do  not  report  at  some  Federal 
headquarters  immediately."  May  18 — 
Both  orders  slightly  modified. 

May  13 — Skirmish  at  South  Union,  Lo- 

May  15— Two  railroad  car-loads  of  Gen. 
Simon  B.  Buckner's  furniture  discovered 
at  Elizabethtown,  and  confiscated. 

May  21— Maj.  Gen.  John  C.  Breckin- 
ridge publishes,  in  the  Chattanooga  Rebel, 
a  scathing  reply  to  the  reflections  cast 
upon  him  and  his  Ky.  troops  by  Gen, 
Bragg,  in  his  ofiicial  report  of  the  Stone 
river  battles  ;  and  asks  a  court  of  inquiry. 

M.ay  22— Burning  of  the  Transylvania 
Medical  Hall,  Lexington,  Ky.,  recently 
occupied  as  a  hospital  for  sick  soldiers  ;  no 


lost. 


May  25 — Frankfort  Yeoman  suspends 
publication,  on  account  of  hard  times. 

May  27— $1,600  for  premium  tobacco, 
distributed  at  the  Ky.  state  exhibition  at 
Louisville. 

May  31— Lieut.  Col.  Silas  Adams,  and 
50  of  the  1st  Ky.  cavalry,  cross  the  Cum- 
berland river  in  canoes,  and  capture  17 
Confederate  pickets  at  Mill  Springs, 
Wayne  co.;  then  joining  other  Federal 
cavalry,  engage  in  a  sharp  skirmish  with 
Confederate  cavalry,  in  same  county. 

June  1 — Four  counties  in  northern  Ky., 
wiibin  the  last  3  months,  have  produced 
213,467  gallons  of  whisky,  and  paid 
$42,693  U.  S.  government  tax  thereon. 

!n.  Burnsi 
circulation  of  the  New  Yo 
Chicago  Times,  both  Democratic  newspa- 
pers, in  the  department  of  the  Ohio,  which 
includes  Ky.;  but,  June  4,  President  Lin- 
coln revokes  the  order. 

June  3 — A  number  of  females  arrested 
at  Demossville,  Pendleton  co.,  and  some 
at  other  points,  to  be  sent  South.  They 
are  regarded  as  dangerous  to  the  U.  S. 
government. 

June  5— Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  McClernand, 
(of  Illinois,  but  a  native  Kentuckian,)  in 
a  letter  to  Gov.  Robinson,  "  bears  testi- 
mony to  the  gallantry,  bravery,  good  con- 
duct," and  **  unflinching  steadiness,"  of 
the  7th,  19th,  and  22d   Ky.  regiments,  in 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


the  13ih  army  corps  under  his  command 
at  the  battles,  in  Mississippi,  of  Thomp 
son's  Hill  on  May  1,  Champion  Hills  May 
16,  Big  Black  bridge  May  17,  and  before 
Vicksburg  since  May  19. 

June  6 — Locomotive-boiler  explosion 
on  the  Ky.  Central  railroad,  at  Nicholas- 
ville  ;  6  killed,  12  wounded. 

June  6 — Oppressive  trade  order  issued 
at  Lexington.  The  U.  S.  treasury  agent, 
Mullen,  authorizes  Lexington  mer- 
chants to  import  only  about  S34,000  pei 
month  of  all  kinds  of  merchandise  (jusi 
$VA  to  each  citizen  of  Fayette  co.) ;  no 
merchant  allowed  to  job  or  wholesale,  or 
to  purchase  over  2  months'  supplies. 

June  6— Col.  Orlando  H.  Moore,  provost 
marshal  at  Louisville,  by  special  letter 
''has  the  honor  most  respectfully  to  re- 
quest" the  editors  of  the  Louisville  Jour- 
nal and  of  the  Louisville  Democrat  "  U 
discontinue  their  attacks  and  reflections 
upon  the  war  policy  and  measures  of  thi 
administration."  Somebody  immediately 
cuts  off  his  provost-marshal  head;  such 
politeness  being  simply  intolerable. 

June  9 — Cavalry  skirmishing  for  8  miles, 
near  MonticeUo,Wayne  co.;  Gen.  Pegram's 
Confederates  retreating  before  Gen.  Carter's 
Federals. 

June  13— Small  Confederate  force  de- 
feated, losing  4  killed  and  5  prisoners,  on 
Wilson's  creek,  near  Boston,  Nelson  co. 

June  13— Confederate  raid  on  Elizabeth- 
town  ;  train  of  oars  captured  with  120 
horses  ;  3  cars  burned. 

June  14— About  300  Confederate  cavalry 
under  Col.  Peter  Everett  make  a  raid  on 
Maysville, spike  the  6-poundercannon, des- 
troy all  the  home-guard  arms,  and  capture 
from  the  citizens  a  number  of  Colt  rifles, 
a  number  of  horses,  and  several  thousand 
dollars  worth  of  merchandise.  They 
search  in  vain  for  Col.  W.  H.  Wadsworth 
and  some  other  prominent  citizens,  to  carry 
off  as  hostages  for  certain  Confederate  sol- 
diers now  under  arrest  or  already  sentenced 
as  reputed  spies. 

June  15— Maj.  R.  T.  ■\Villiams,  with  30 
men  of  14th  Ky.  cavalry,  ambushed,  2 
miles  from  Olympian  Springs,  Bath  co., 
by  Capt.  Peter  Everett's  Confederate  cav- 
alry, losing  11  killed  or  mortally  wounded, 
and  5  wounded  and  missing. 

June  15 — Provost  marshals  busy  en- 
rolling the  militia  of 'Ky. 

June  16— Home-guards  attack  Everett's 
Confederate  cavalry  near  Plummer's  mills, 
Fleming  co.,  and  are  defeated. 

June  16— Lieut.  Col.  R.  R.  Maltby, 
with  2  battalions  of  10th  Ky.  cavalry, 
overtakes  Everett's  Confederate  cavalry 
at  Triplett's  creek  bridge,  near  Morehead, 
Rowan  co.,  and  defeats  them  after  a  brisk 
skirmish.  During  the  engagement  Col. 
DeCourcey's  8th  Michigan  cavalry  regi- 
ment, 1,000  strong,  came  up  and  attacked 
the  Confederates,  who  were  allowed  to 
slip  off  under  the  impression  they  were 
home-guards ;  while  the  8th  Michigan 
with  cannon  and  Spencer  rifles  opened  a 
hot  fire  on  the  10th  Ky.,  across  the  creek— 


fortunately  shooting  over  their  heads.  38 
Confederates  were  captured,  of  whom  1  had 
been  killed,  and  3  wounded. 

June  IS— Capt.  Hines,  and  65  men  of 
2d  Ky.  Confederate  cavalry,  cross  the 
Ohio  river  near  Leavenworth,  Indiana; 
on  their  return,  while  fording  the  river, 
they  are  vigorously  charged  upon  by  two 
companies  of  home-guards,  a  number 
captured  and  the  rest  scattered. 

June  19 — More  impressing  of  negroes 
in  Bourbon  county,  for  military  purposes 
— to  work  on  roads. 

June  20— Wm.  F.  Bullock,  John  H. 
Harney,  Nat.  Wolfe,  Wm.  Kaye,  Wm.  A. 
Dudley,  Joshua  F.  Bullitt,  and  others, 
call  upon  ex-Gov.  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe  to 
become  a  candidate  for  governor  ;  he  con- 


June  22— John  T.  Dial  and  E.  M.  Grin- 
die,  of  Campbell  co.,  tried  by  court  mar- 
tial at  Cincinnati,  on  a  charge  of  aiding 
and  abetting  the  enemy,  and  sentenced  to 
be  shot;  and  James  Clark  Lisle,  a  Confed- 
erate soldier  captured  in  Clark  co.,  sen- 
tenced to  be  hanged  as  a  spy, 

June  22 — James  R.  Hallam,  of  Newport, 

W.  Hawkins,  Nathaniel  B.  Shaler,  Wm. 
H.  Lape,  Wm.  M.  Thompson,  Wm.  H. 
Smith,  Frank  Clark,  and  Henry  C.  Gass- 
away,  for  false  imprisonment  in  Camp 
Chase,  Ohio,  for  four  months — charging 
them  with  conspiracy  in  causing  his  arrest 
and  confinement,  and  claiming  $30,000 
damages.  Hubbard  D.  Helm,  Robert 
Maddox,  Peter  McArthur,  Patrick  Walsh, 
and  10  others  bring  separate  suits,  in  the 
Campbell  circuit  court,  at  Newport,  against 
various  parties,  for  the  same  general  cause 
— each  claiming  $50,000  damages.  A  few 
days  after,  H.  B.  Wellman,  the  attorney 
who  brought  most  of  the  foregoing  suits, 
was  arrested  by  order  of  Gen.  Burnside, 
and  lodged  in  the  military  prison,  on  Co- 
lumbia St.,  Cincinnati.  Notwithstanding 
this,  ex-Judge  Samuel  M.  J) 
four  suits  ag.ainst  the  defendants  fir 
named,  in  favor  of  Thos.  L.Jones,  Wilson 
Kiser,  John  Kiser,  and  Jesse  Yelton. 

July  1 — Robert  Richardson,  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction,  in  his  annual 
report,  speaks  of  the  act  of  Aug.  30, 1862— 
;ent  oath  of  loyalty 
to  be  taken  by  every  common  school  trus- 
d  teacher  before  he  shall  act  as  such, 
penalty  of  a  fine  of  from  $25  to 
$200  if  he  act  without  the  oath,  and  of 
finement  in  the  penitentiary  if  he  vio- 
late the  oath— as  "materially  detrimental 
to  the  prosperity  of  our  common  schools  ;" 
merited  punishment  on  thou- 
d  defenseless  chil- 
a  monument  of  misdirected 
patriotism  and  unguarded  legislation." 
larnestly  recommends  its  repeal. 
tary  operations,  and  the  presence 
of  armies  and  armed  bands,  in  certain  lo- 
ng the  greater  portion  of  the 
past  year,  rendered  it  impossible  for  many 
"strict  schools  to  be  taught." 
July  2— Skirmish  near  Burksville,  Cum- 


jght 


"visiting  unu 
sands   of    inn 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


berland  co.;  the  Federals  driven  back  by 
Gen.  Morgan's  Confederate  cavalry  to  their 
encampment  at  Marrowbone;  by  the  aid 
of  artillery  and  reserve  forces  they  in  turn 
repulse  the  Confederates. 

July  3 — Short  engagement  at  Columbia, 
Adair  co.;  loss  small  ;  Morgan's  cavalry 
drive  Federal  troops  into  and  through  the 
town. 

.Julv4— Desperate  engagement  at  Tebbs' 
Bend 'of  Green  river,  in  Taylor  co.  Col.  0. 
H.  Woorc,  with  200  of  the  25th  Michigan 
infantry  had  selected  a  strong  natural  for- 
tification, and  spent  the  night  before  in 
intrenching.  'When  summoned  to  sur- 
render, he  declined  because  the  4th  of 
July  was  not  an  appropriate  day  for  sur- 
renders. 600  of  Morgan's  cavalry  on 
foot,  parts  of  3  regiments,  8  times  most 
gallantly  attacked  the  Federals  in  front, 
determined  to  carry  the  works  by  storm  ; 
but  it  was  the  march  of  death,  more  terri- 
bly destructive  at  each  fresh  advance. 
Federal  loss  6  killed,  23  wounded,  .ind  1 
prisoner;  Confederate  loss  36  killed,  46 
wounded — among  the  killed  some  most 
daring  and  valuable  ofacers  :  Col.  Chen- 
ault,  Moj.  Tho.  Y.  Brent,  Capt.  Tribble, 
Lieuts.  Cowan,  Holloway  and  Ferguson. 
[Col.  Moore  proved  as  humane  to  the  Con- 
federate wounded  and  dead  who  were  left 
in  charge  of  surgeons  and  chaplains,  as 
he  had  been  skillful  and  brave  in  fighting 
them.  They  erred,  indeed,  who  supposed 
him  not  as  gallant  in  war  as  he  was  extrava- 
gantly polite  in  his  appeal  to  the  Louis- 
ville editors.] 

July  5 — Desperate  engagement  at  Leba- 
non, Marion  co.  Lieut.  Col.  Chas.  S. 
Hanson,  with  300  20th  Ky.  infantry, 
fighting  from  the  railroad  depot  and  other 
houses,  bravely  defends  the  town  for  7 
hours,  until  Morgan's  Confederate  cavalry, 
on  foot,  set  fire  to  the  depot  and  take  it 
by  assault.  Federal  loss  6  killed  and  sev- 
eral wounded  ;  Confederate  loss  25  killed 
and  13  wounded,  including  several  brave 
officers.  A  large  quantity  of  rifles,  am- 
munition and  medicines  were  captured, 
and  $100,000  of  U.  S.  military  stores  des- 
troyed. 

July  5 — Maj.  Gen.  Hartsuff,  headquar- 
ters of  23d  army  corps  at  Lexington,  in 
"  general  order  No.  8"  says  :  "  For  every 
Union  citizen,  non-combatant,  injured  in 
their  person,  five  rebel  sympathizers  will 
be  arrested  and  punished  accordingly ; 
and  for  injuries  done  to  the  property  of 
Union  citizens,  ample  remuneration  will 
be  levied  upon  rebel  sympathizers." 

July  6— Capt  Robert  H.  Earnest,  of  the 
26th  ky.,  routs  a  small  confederate  force, 
at  Woodburn,  Warren  co. 

July  5 — Engagement,  lasting  20  hours, 
at  Bardstown,  between  26  Federals,  in  a 
stable,  and  45  Confederates  outside;  the 
former  holding  out  until  they  saw  Mor- 
gan's artillery  coming. 

July  6 — The  Federal  captains  in  prison 
at  Richmond,  Va.,  draw  lots  for  two  to  be 
shot— in  retaliation  for  the  shooting  of 
Capts.  Corbin   and    McGraw,  as    spies,  at 


Johnson's  Island,  on  May  15,  by  order  of 
Gen.  Burnside.  Capts.  John  Flinn,  15th 
Indiana,  and  H.  W.  Sawyer,  1st  New  Jer- 
sey cavalry,  selected. 

July  6— Gen.  John  H.  Morgan,  who 
crossed  the  Cumberland  river,  July  2,  with 
two  brigades  of  1,460  and  1,000  men— 
now  reduced,  by  battles  and  detachments 
for  special  service,  to  less  than  2,000— 
leaves  Bardstown  for  Indiana  and  Ohio, 
a  route  looked  forward  to  for  months  as 
his  favorite  piece  of  '*  cavalry  strategy." 
7th— at  Garnettsville,  Meade  co.  8th— at 
Brandenburg,  Meade  co.,  40  miles  below 
Louisville,  and  where  a  detachment  under 
Capts.  Sam.  Taylor  and  Clay  Meriwether 
had  already  captured  the  steamers  J.  T. 
MeCombs  and  Alice  Dean  for  ferrying — 
and  where  another  small  detachment  under 
the  daring  Capt.  Thos.  Henry  Hines  was 
awaiting  him,  after  a  quiet  scout  of  80 
miles  over  into  Indiana  as  far  north  as 
Seymour — Morgan  crosses  his  entire  force 
into  Indiana,  near  Mauckport,  although 
resisted  by  a  considerable  force  of  militia 
on  the  bank  and  a  tin-clad  gunboat  in  the 
river  above.  9th— Passes  through  Cory- 
don  and  Palmyra,  Harrison  co.;  at  Cory- 
don,  after  a  sharp  skirmish,  captures  600 
militia  and  scatters  more.  10th— Near 
Salem,  Washington  co.,  Morgan's  advance 
of  13  men  dashes  into  150  militia,  driving 
them  frightened  back  into  the  town, 
whence,  with  some  200  more,  they  were 
quickly  scattered  ;  burns  the  depot,  and 
several  bridges  on  both  the  Ohio  and  Mis- 
sissippi, and  the  New  Albany  and  Salem 
railroads,  and  tears  up  the  track — the 
soldiers  pillaging,  at  times  most  unneces- 
sarily and  outrageously,  as  they  go  ;  levies 
$1,000  redemption-money  upon  each  owner 
to  prevent  the  burning  of  his  mill ;  at 
nightfall,  reaches  Vienna,  Scott  co.,  on 
the  JeS'ersonville  and  Indianapolis  rail- 
road ;  captures  the  telegraph  operator  and 
office,  and  substitutes  Ellsworth  (who 
soon  advises  him  of  the  slow-coach  orders 
to  the  militia  to  fell  timber  and  obstruct 
the  roads  he  would  probably  travel) ; 
travels  6  miles  further,  and  encamps  near 
Lexington ;  a  party  of  Federal  cavalry 
enters  the  town,  advancing  as  far  as  the 
very  house  in  which  Gen.  Morgan  was 
sleeping,  but  retired  as  suddenly  and  qui- 
etly as  they  had  come. 

July  8  — Great  alarm  in  Louisville, 
caused  by  the  approach  of  Gen.  John  H. 
Morgan's  Confederate  cavalry.  The  city 
coitncil  orders  *'  the  enrollment  of  all 
males  between  18  and  45  into  companies 
for  service,  if  required,  and  all  refusing 
to  be  enrolled  shall  be  sent  to  the  North." 
Nearly  5,000  are  enrolled  and  actively 
drilling. 

July  — Two  skirmishes  near  West  Lib- 
erty, between  the  10th  Ky.  cavalry  and 
guerrillas. 

July  8— The  U.  S.  war  department  hav- 
ing ordered  the  enrollment  of  the  free 
negroes  in  Ky.,  under  the  recent  conscrip- 
tion act  of  congress,  the  Ky.  state  authori- 
ties remonstrate  against  it  most  explicitly 


126 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1863. 


and  urgently  ;  and  the  order  is  practically 

July  9— The  archives  of  Ky.,  about 
four  wagon  loads  in  all,  sent  from  Frank- 
fort to  Covington  for  safe-keeping, 

July  11— At  Lexington,  Scott  co.,  Indi- 
ana, Col.  D.  Howard  Smith,  with  a  portion 
of  his  regiment,  is  detached  for  a  feint 
against  Madison,  to  prevent  attack  from 
that  direction  ;  while  Gen.  Morgan  with 
his  Confederate  cavalry  moves  on  through 
Paris,  and  comes  in  sight  of  Vernon,  both 
in  Jennings  co.  Too  prudent  to  attack 
the  strong  force  at  Vernon,  he  demands 
a  surrender,  generously  allows  the  two 
hours  asked  for  in  which  to  remove  the 
non-combatants,  leaves  a  party  of  skir- 
mishers, but  moves  forward  with  his  main 
column,  Col.  Smith  having  rejoined  him  ; 
encamps  at  midnight,  and  moves  on  again 
at  3  A.  M. — averaging,  for  many  days,  21 
hours  in  the  saddle.  Capt.  Patton's  com- 
pany, 3d  Indiana  cavalry,  at  Providence, 
Ind.,  defeats  a  small  detachment  of  Col. 
Duke's  Confederate  cavalry,  killing  2, 
wounding  3,  and  capturing  Lieut.  John 
H.  Hines  and  18  others.  On  Saturday 
night,  11th,  about  100  of  Morgan's  cavalry 
attempt  to  cross  the  Ohio  river  at  Twelve- 
mile  island,  above  Louisville  on  a  wood- 
boat  ;  but  the  gunboat  Moose  comes  up 
and  shells  the  island,  and  Gen.  M.inson 
with  a  large  force  on  ten  steamboats,  ar- 
rives in  time  to  capture  many  of  them. 
12th— The  main  body  passes  early  through 
Dupont,  Jefferson  co.,  where,  from  a  pork- 
house,  many  of  the  men  select  a  ham 
each,  and  sling  it  to  their  saddles,  help- 
ing themselves  to  other  forage  and  pro- 
visions as  needed  ;  at  nearly  every  point 
militia  are  posted,  in  large  numbers,  who 
are  dispersed  by  maneuvering,  but,  if  in 
strong  positions,  await  a  bold  dash  before 
giving  way.  [The  immense  numbers  of 
people,  and  great  abundance  of  provisions 
and  other  comforts  of  life,  astonish  these 
visitors  from  the  exhausted  fields  and 
scattered  populations  of  two-years'  con- 
stant war.]  Col.  Grigsby,  with  his  regi- 
ment, dashes  into  Versailles,  Ripley  co., 
scatters  several  hundred  militia,  captures 
their  horses,  and  burns  some  railroad 
bridges  near.  At  Sunmans,  in  the  same 
county,  on  the  Indianapolis  and  Cincin- 
nati railroad,  Col.  Gavin's  Decatur  co.  reg- 
iment report  that  they  got  into  a  skirmish 
with  Duke's  cavalry,  and  drove  them  off; 
whereas  Duke  reports  that  2,600  mililia  lay 
there  loaded  into  box  cars,  and  moved  (Tff 
towards  Cincinnati  in  the  morning,  uncon- 
scious of  the  Confederates'  presence.  In- 
tense alarm  all  through  middle  and  south- 
ern Indiana  and  Ohio.  Brig.  Gens.  Edward 
H.  Hobson,  and  Jas.  M.  Shackleford,  and 
Col.  Frank  Wolford.  with  the  1st,  3d,  8th, 
9th,  11th,  and  12th  Ky.  cavalry  and  per- 
haps other  Federal  troops,  are  following 
close  after  Morgan,  but  do  not  seem  to 
gain  much  on  his  extraordinary  traveling- 
speed  .and  endurance.  13th — Morgan's 
main  column  reaches  Harrison,  Hamilton 
CO.,  Ohio,  about  noon  ;  thence  the  detach- 


ments move  eastward  through  New  Haven 
and  Venice,  through  Miamitown,  over 
the  New  Baltimore  bridge,  through  Glen- 
dale,  within  10  to  13  miles  north  of  Cin- 
cinnati, past  Camp  Dennison,  in  Hamil- 
ton CO.,  on  through  Loveland  and  Batavia 
in  Clermont  co.,  reaching  Williamsburg 
at  4  p.  M.,  July  14th.  The  march  around 
Cincinnati  is  made  during  a  very  dark 
night,  and  for  want  of  guides  is  exceed- 
ingly tiresome  and  embarrassing.  In 
about  35  hours,  from  Sunmans  to  Williams- 
burg, the  cavalry  pass  over  90  miles — the 
most  extraordinary  march  in  their  his- 
tory. They  are  so  fagged  out  that  all 
along  the  route  prisoners  are  being  taken. 

During  all  this  time,  the  Ohio  river  is 
rising  slowly,  preventing  them  from  cross- 
ing at  several  points  which  had  recently 
been  fordable,  and  enabling  the  Federal 
gunboats  and  steamers  loaded  with  troops 
to  follow  on  up  the  river — to  intercept  the 
Confederates  and  prevent  their  escape 
southward. 

July  12— At  a  sale  in  Louisville,  bank 
shares  brought— Northern  Bank  $100, 
Bank  of  Ky.  and  Bank  of  Louisville  each 
$96. 

July  16 — Morgan's  cavalry  pass  on 
eastward  through  the  counties  of  Brown, 
Highland,  Adams,  Pike,  Jackson,  Vinton, 
Athens,  Gallia,  Meigs,  Washington  and 
Morgan,  through  the  towns  of  West  Union, 
Piketon,  Jackson, Oak  Hill, Hampden,  Nel- 
sonville,  Berlin,  Chester,  to  the  Ohio  River 
at  Portland,  in  Meigs  co.  A  halt  at  Chester 
proves  the  great  blunder — prevents  their 
escape  into  Virginia.  Meanwhile,  regu- 
lar troops  and  militia  in  thousands,  on 
horseback,  by  railroad  and  river,  are  being 
sent  in  front  of  and  across  Morgan's  path, 
as  well  as  following  him  with  all  possible 

July  18— Battle  of  Buffington's  Island, 
fought  by  Morgan's  men,  exhausted  by 
four  week's  constant  travel,  and  with  a 
very  small  supply  of  ammunition,  against 
four  times  their  number,  abundantly  sup- 
plied, fresh  and  vigorous  ;  over  700  Con- 
federates captured,  including  Cols.  Basil 
W.  Duke,  W.  W.  Ward,  D.  Howard  Smith, 
and  Richard  0.  Morgan,  Lieut.  Col.  John 
M.  Hoffman,  Majors  W.  P.  Elliott  and 
Robert  S.  Bullock,  and  C.apts.  Thos  H. 
Hines  and  P.  H.  Thorpe. 

July  18  and  20— Four  companies  of  Mor- 
gan's cavalry,  under  Capts,  Kirkpatrick, 
Sisson,  Lea  and  Cooper,  escape  across  the 
Ohio  river  into  Virginia,  but  several  hun- 
dred others  are  captured  by  the  Ist  Ky. 
(Federal)  in  the  attempt.  Tuesday,  21st, 
heavy  skirmishing  for  6  or  7  miles,  and 
brisk  fighting  for  an  hour  at  St.  George's 
creek;  several  hundred  Confederates  cap- 
tured by  Ky.  Federal  regiments.  Sun- 
day, 26th,  severe  engagement  near  Saline- 
vil'le,  Columbiana  co.;  .about  15  Confeder- 
ates killed,  35  wounded,  200  prisoners; 
and  the  same  day  Gen.  Morgan  surrenders 
to  Capt.  Burbeck,  of  the  Ohio  militia, 
upon  condition  that  his  officers  and  men 
be  paroled,  all  retaining  their  horses,  and 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


127 


the  officers  their  side-arms.  Capt.  .John 
L.  Ncal,  of  the  9th  Ky.  cavalry,  is  the 
first  to  report  to  his  commander,  Maj.  Geo. 
■\V.  Rue,  the  surrender,  coming  up  with 
a  flag  of  truce  under  Maj .  Theophilus  Steele, 
who  hopes  they  will  not  be  fired  upon. 
Maj.  Rue  in  part,  and  Gen.  Shackleford, 
when  he  arrives,  entirely  disavows  and 
repudiates  the  honorable  terms  granted. 
Col.  Wolford  endeavors  to  have  them  ob- 
served, but  is  overruled.  Morgan  appealed 
to  Gen.  Burnside  to  observe  them,  but  he 
is  also  refused.  With  Gen.  Morgan  is 
surrendered  the  remnant  of  his  cavalry — 
making  aboutl,600  now  in  Federal  hands. 
And  so  ends  his  wonderful  raid,  of  over 
1,100  hundred  miles  in  the  enemy's  coun- 
try— startling  in  its  conception,  masterly 
and  terrible  in  its  progress  and  execution, 
but  fatally  disastrous  in  its  results.  The 
great  cavalry  captain,  all  his  colonels  ex- 
cept Johnson  and  Grigsby,  and  most  of 
his  other  brilliant  and  gallant  officers,  are 
soon  incarcerated  in  the  Ohio  penitentiary 
at  Columbus  ;  where  they  are  shaven  and 
shorn,  fed  and  lodged,  and  watched  and 
punished  as  convicts,  although  allowed 
some  "privileges  "  refused  to  convicts. 

July  20— Gov.  Jas.  F.  Robinson  issues 
a  proclamation,  accompanied  with  the 
"  expatriation  act  "  of  March  11,  1862, 
recommending  "its  strict  observance  and 
enforcement;"  and  has  both  published,  at 
state  expense,  in  every  newspaper  in  the 
state.     It  disfranchises   many  native  citi- 


freebooters 
under  one  Underwood— all  Union  bush- 
whackers, and  said  to  have  been  invited 
by  bad  Union  men  who  felt  spiteful  be- 
cause of  the  outrages  committed  by  Ever- 
ett's Confederate  cavalry  on  their  recent 
raid.  Their  robberies,  outrages  and  in- 
sults were  of  and  towards  rebel  sympa- 
thizers ;  and  they  w-e  .  ot  resisted  at  all 
by  the  provost  guard. 

July  22— Lieut.  Col.  Thomas  L.  Young, 
118th  Ohio  infantry,  commanding  at  Paris 
and  at  all  railroad  stations  betwen  Coving- 
ton and  Lexington,  in  "  order  No.  4,"  di- 
rects 1.  "  Thattheproperty  (negroes,  oxen, 
timber  for  fortifications,  wood  for  fuel,  corn, 
hay,  oats,  etc.)  of  loyal  Union  men  shall  not 
be  impressed,  except  in  cases  of  absolute 
necessity,  and  then  under  special  written 
authority  ;"  2.  "  If  private  property  be 
needed  for  military  purposes,  it  must  be 
taken  from  sympathizers  with  the  rebellion, 
or  those  opposed  to  furnishing  more  men 
or  money  toward  sustaining  the  govern- 
ment ;"  3.  Vouchers  must  be  given  for  pri- 
vate property  taken,  but  "  if  presented  for 
approval  by  men  whose  loyalty  is  doubted, 
they  will  be  endorsed  '  To  be  paid  at  the 
end  of  the  war,  or  when  the  claimant  shall 
establish  his  loyalty  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  government.'  "  July  24— Gen.  Hart- 
sufif,  commanding  23d  army  corps  at  Lex- 
ington, orders  (No.  14)  that  "  impressed 
property  be  taken  excluaively  from  rebels 
and  rebel  sympathizers,"  and  so  long  as 


they  have  any,  *'  no  man  of  undoubted  loy- 
alty will  be  molested;"  "nominally  Ky. 
Union  men  will  bo  classed  as  rebel  sym- 
pathizers." 

July  26 — Death  of  John  J.  Crittenden, 
at  Frankfort. 

July  28 — Gen.  Scott's  Confederate  cav- 
alry drive  the  Federals  through  Richmond, 
and  across  the  Ky.  river. 

July  28— Small  action  at  Richmond, 
Madison  co. 

July  28— An  official  statement  of  Adj. 
Gen.  John  W.  Finnell  gives  the  following 
as  the  number  of  volunteers  furnished  to 
the  United  States  by  each  congressional 
district  in  Ky.: 


1,154 

2d  5,228 

3d  4,524 

4th 4,933 


3,260 
3,500 


8th 7,121 

9th 6,499 

Total..41,937 

July  29— Confederates  attack  Paris,  but 
after  two  hours  fighting  withdraw  towards 
Mountsterling. 

July  29— Federals,  under  Col.  R.  R. 
Maltby,  after  a  sharp  skirmish,  compel 
Gen.  Scott's  cavalry  to  abandon  Winches- 
ter. 

July  30— Col.  Saunders'  force  drives 
Pegram  and  Scott's  Confederate  cavalry 
from  Winchester,  Clark  co.,  towards  Irvine, 
Estill  CO. 

July  30 — Sharp  cavalry  skirmish  at  Ir- 
vine, Estill  CO.,  bet.  10th  Ky.  (Federal) 
and  Scott's  Confederates. 

July  31 — Gen.  Burnside  declares  mar- 
tial law  in  Ky.,  "  for  the  purpose  only  of 
protecting  the  rights  of  loyal  citizens  and 
the/reedomo/e^ection,"  "no  disloyal  person 
shall  be  allowed  to  vote."  Aug.  10 — He 
visits  Lexington,  is  serenaded,  and  makes 
a  speech  complimenting  Ky.  as  "  the  most 
loyal  state  in  his  department;  he  had 
found  more  of  strictly  loyal  men  here  than 
in  Ohio  or  Indiana;  the  disloyal  had  no 
right  to  approach  the  ballot  box,  and 
therefore  had  no  right  to  complain  of  mar- 
tial law." 

Aug.  3— Vote  for  Governor,  Thos.  E. 
Bramletto  67,586,  Chas.  A.  Wicklifi'e, 
(Dera.)  17,344;  for  lieutenant  governor, 
Richard  T.  Jacob,  65,851,  Wm.  B.  Read 
(Dem.)  14,820.  For  congress,  1st  district, 
Lueien  Anderson 4,323,  Lawrence  S.  Trim- 
ble (Dem.)  711;  2d,  Geo.  H.  Yeaman 
8,311,  John  H.  McHenry  3,087  ;  3d,  Henry 
Grider  8,654,  T.  C.Winfrey  1,293;  4th, 
Aaron  Harding  10,435,  Wm.  J.  Heady 
2,608;  5th,  Robert  Mallory  6,267,  Nat. 
Wolfe  2,477;  6th,  Green  Cltiy  Smith  6,936, 
John  W.  Menzies  2,283,  John  W.  Leathers 
(Dem.)  1,970;  7£h,  Brutus  J.  Clay  4,711, 
Gen.  Jerry  T.  Boyle  2,487,  Richard  A. 
Buckner    2,143;    8th,    Wm.    H.    Randall 

7,938, Bradley  197  ;  9th,  Wm.  Henry 

Wadsworth  6,638,  T.  S.  Brown  567.  Reg- 
ular "  Union  "  candidates  elected  over  the 
"  Independent  Union  "  and  over  the  Dem- 
ocratic candidates,  in  every  case.  Only 
about  85,000  out  of  140,000  votes  polled— 
probably  40,000  being  refused  a  vote,  or 
kept  from  the  polls  by  military  intimida- 


128 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


tion  or  interference,  or  by  threats  or  fears 
of  arrest  or  of  future  trouble ;  in  some 
counties,  the  names  of  the  Democratic  can- 
didates stricken  from  the  poll-books  by  the 
military  or  their  order;  at  Bardstown,  an 
Indiana-Col.  Butler  erases,  in  the  very 
presence  of  the  venerable  ex-Governor 
Wickliffe  himself,  his  name,  declaring 
that  no  poll  should  be  open  for  him  ;  even 
high  Ky.  military  officers  active  in  con- 
trolling the  election  ;.in  a  few  cases,  men 
voting  the  Democratic  ticket  are  immedi- 
ately arrested  as  disloyal  ;  the  military 
distributed  at  all  the  polls,  in  many  coun- 
ties. For  this  reason,  members  of  the 
legislature  almost  unanimously  "  Union  ;" 
only  three  counties,  Boone,  Carroll,  and 
Trimble,  electing  "  No-men-or-money " 
representatives. 

Aug.  4 — Steamer  Ruth  set  on  fire  and 
burned  while  descending  the  Mississippi, 
6  miles  below  Cairo;  .SO  lives  lost;  also, 
$2,600,000  in  hands  of  U.  S.  army  pay- 
masters, 400  tons  military  stores,  etc. 

Aug.  5— In  the  U.  S.  district  court  at 
Louisville,  Judge  Bland  Ballard  sentences 
Thos.  C.  Shacklett,  convicted  of  treason, 
to  10  years  imprisonment  in  the  Louisville 
jail,  a  fine  of  $10,000,  and  to  have  hisslaves 
emancipated. 

Aug.  10— Gen.  Boyle  orders  the  im- 
pressment of  6,000  male  negro  laborers  in 
14  central  counties,  to  work  in  extending 
the  railroad  from  Lebanon  towards  Dan- 
ville ;  owners  failing  to  deliver  them,  as 
ordered,  will  have  all  their  male  negroes 
between  16  and  45  years  taken. 

Aug.  2r— Skirmish  at  Clark's  Neck, 
Lawrence  co. 

Sept.  1— Col.  Leonidas  Metenlfe  refunds 
to  many  Southern  sympathizers  in  Bour- 
bon, Harrison  and  Nicholas  counties, 
from  whom  he,  last  year,  coerced  sums  at 
pleasure,  sivti/  cents  on  the  dollar — alleging 
that  he  has  expended  the  balance  in  reim- 
bursing persons  who  suffered  by  Confed- 
erate raids  ;  before  paying,  he  requires  a 
release  in  full,  "to  cover  accidents." 

Sept.  2—70  guerrillas  enter  Flemings- 
burg,  and  rob  the  bank  and  citizens. 

Sept.  —Skirmish  near  Catlettsburg, 
Boyd  CO.,  between  the  home-guards  and 
guerrillas. 

Sept.  4— John  W.  Coffey  and  Christo- 
pher Coffey,  of  27th  Ky.  infantry  (Fed- 
eral), shot  at  Munfordsville,  Hart  co.,  for 
desertion. 

Sept.  7— Skirmish  on  Pigeon  creek,  Lo- 
gan CO.;  Confederates  routed,  with  8  killed, 
6  wounded,  and  32  prisoners. 

Sept.  9—2,000  Confederates  surrounded 
by  large  Federal  forces  at  Cumberland 
Gap,  and  surrender. 

Sept.  19,  20— Battle  in  Georgia,  near 
Chickamauga,  Tennessee ;  Confederates 
victorious  ;  many  Ky.  troops  engaged,  on 
both  sides,  and  heavy  losses. 

Sept.  22— Skirmish  at  Marrowbone,  Pike 

CO. 

Oct.  6— Hays,  or  Hamilton,  with  85 
Confederates,  dashes  into  Glasgow,  Barren 
CO.,  about  sunrise,  surprising  and  captur- 


ing, and  afterwards  paroling,  140  Federal 
soldiers. 

Oct.  6— Guerrilla  raid  on  Owingsville, 
Bath  CO.;  7  Federal  soldiers  killed. 

Oct.  8 — Richardson's  guerrillas  surprise 
and  destroy  a  train,  at  New  Hope,  Nelson 
CO.,  and  tear  up  the  track. 

Oct.  9— Guerrilla  outrages  and  successes 
in  eastern  Ky.  increasing.  Gov.  Bram- 
lette  issues  a  "  pronunciamcnto  "  saying 
*'  the  state  shall  be  free  from  its  murder- 
ous foes,  even  though  every  arm  be  re- 
quired to  aid  in  their  destruction  ;"  he 
threatens  a  draft,  unless  state  guard  com- 
panies for  home  protection  are  formed  im- 
mediately. 

Oct.  10— Major  Gen.  Thos.  L.  Critten- 
den relieved  of  the  command  of  the  21st 
army  corps,  and  his  conduct  in  the  battle 
of  Chickamauga  to  be  investigated. 

Oct.  10— Balance  in  Ky.  state  treasury, 

this  day $808,.S87 

Balance  in  same,  Oct.  10,  1862...  459,708 
Balance  in  same,  Oct.  10,  1861...  280,111 
Balance  in  same,  Oct.  10,  1860...   126,548 

Oct.  16— Gauge  of  Louisville  and  Lex- 
ington railroad  widened,  from  4  feet  83^ 
inches  to  5  feet,  to  be  uniform  with  all 
Southern  roads — by  order  of  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment. 

Oct.  17—26  of  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan'3 
men  escape  from  Camp  Douglas,  at  Chi- 
cago, by  digging  a  tunnel  under  the  fence, 
from  one  of  the  barracks. 

Oct.  17  to  24— Guerrillas  in  large  force 
visit  Columbia,  Greensburg,  Bardstown, 
Danville,  and  other  places,  frightening 
and  pillaging  the  citizens  without  distinc- 

Oct.  —Gen.  Buell  acquitted,  by  the 
court  of  inquiry,  of  all  charges  against  him. 

Oct.  17— President  Lincoln  calls  for 
300,000  men  ;  and  orders  a  draft  on  Jan. 
5,  1864,  for  any  deficiency.  Kentucky's 
quota  is  12,701. 

Oct.  25— President  Lincoln  exempts  Ky. 
from  negro  enlistments  as  soldiers. 

Oct.  30— Lieut.  Col.  Orlando  Brown, 
Jr.,  14lh  Ky.  infantry,  and  Maj.  Stephen 
M.  Ferguson,  39th  Ky.  infantry,  with  160 
men,  repulse  Prentice's  Confederate  cav- 
alry at  Salyersville,  Magoffin  co.,  captur- 
ing 50  prisoners. 

Oct.  30— Gen.  Boyle  turns  over  to  the 
U.  S.  quartermaster  all  corn  purchased  by 
distillers  in  Bourbon,  Harrison  and  other 
counties,  and  forbids  them  to  purchase  any 

Nov.  8 — Several  thousand  impressed 
negroes,  who  were  scattered  to  the  four 
winds  by  the  late  guerrilla  raid,  return  to 
work  upon  the  Lebanon  branch  railroad 
west  of  Stanford,  Lincoln  co. 

Nov.  10— Guerrillas,  for  the  fourth  time 
recently,  make  a  raid  into  Morchead,  Row- 
an CO., "but  are  driven  off  with  loss. 

Nov.  13 — Lexington  city  council  pur- 
chases 1,000  cords  of  wood  for  distribution 
among  the  poor  of  the  city. 

Nov.  14— Death  at  MaysviUo  of  Tho.  B. 
Stevenson,  one  of  the  ablest  writers  and 
editors  of  the  state. 


1863-4. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


129 


Nov.  25— 11th  and  12th  Ky.  Federal 
cavalry  surprised  and  captured,  near 
Knoxville,  Tenn.,  by  the  Confederates. 

Nov.  28— Gen.  John  H.  Morgan,  and  6 
of  his  captains,  Thos.  H.  Hines,  Jacob  C. 
Bennett,  Ralph  Sheldon,  Jas.  D.  Hocker- 
smith,  Gustavus  S.  McGee,  and  Sam.  B. 
Taylor,  make  their  escape  from  the  Ohio 
penitentiary  at  Columbus,  before  1  a.  m. 

Too  polite  to  part  from  his  host  without 
a  farewell  word,  Hines  leaves  a  letter  for 
the  Warden,  addressed  to  "Hon.  (11)  N. 
Merion,"  "  The  Faithful,".  "  The  Vigi- 
lant," and  enclosing  the  tally  of  time  and 

"CiSTLE  Mekion,  Cell  No.  20,  Nov.  27. 

Commencement, November  4,  1863 

Conclusion, November   20,  186.S 

No.  of  hours  for  labor,  per  day, Three. 

Tools, Two  small  knives. 

La  patience  est  amere,  maia  son  fruit  eat 

By  order  of  my  six  honorable  Confeder- 

THOS.  H.  HINES,  Captain  C.  S.  A." 
Four  days  after,  Taylor  and  Sheldon  are 
captured  6  miles  back  of  Louisville,  and 
returned  to  the  penitentiary. 

The  ingenuity  and  coolness  of  Hines,  who 
had  pLanned  the  mode  of  escape,  and  the 
methodical  boldness  and  nonchalance  of 
Morgan,  carry  the  two  safely  by  railroad 
via  D.ayton  to  Cincinnati,  where  they  cross 
the  Ohio  at  7  a.  m.,  in  a  skiff,  to  Ludlow, 
just  below  Covington ;  breakfast  at  the 
residence  of  an  enthusiastic  lady  friend; 
are  furnished  with   horses,  and  that  day 

by  easy  stages,  with  volunteer  guides 
when  needed,  through  Gallatin,  Owen, 
Henry,  Shelby,  Spencer,  Nelson,  Green, 
and  Cumberland  counties  ;  reach  Overton 
CO.,  Tenn.,  Dec.  8.  Hines,  although  by 
quick  wit  he  again  saves  Morgan,  is  cap- 
tured Dec.  13  ;  but  in  five  days  is  free 
again.  Morgan  escapes  by  way  of  Athens, 
Tenn.,  across  the  mountains  of  North 
Carolina,  to  Columbia,  S.  C,  and  thence 
to  Richmond,  Va.  [The  governor  of  Ohio 
offers  $5,000  reward  for  his  re-capture.] 

Dec.  1—160  Confederate  cavalry  enter 
Mountsterling,  burn  the  court  house  and 
clerks'  offices,  release  the  prisoners  from 
jail,  and  capture  100  horses;  although  a 
Federal  regiment  is  quartered  1%  miles 
from  town. 

Dec.  1 — A  Kentucky  major,  captain, 
and  4  lieutenants  (Federal)  dismissed  the 
service  by  orders  from  Washington  city — 
two  for  disloyalty,  the  others  for  drunken- 
ness, cowardice,  or  abandoning  company 
in  the  face  of  the  enemy. 

Dec.  7 — Legislature  meets.  Harrison 
Taylor,  of  Maysville,  elected  speaker  of 
the  house  :  Taylor  49,  Alfred  Allen  40. 

Dec.  8— Guerrillas  swarming  in  western 
Ky. 

Dec.  8 — The  bouse  of  representatives  of 
congress  now  in  session  has,  of  186  mem- 
bers, 14  natives  of  Ky.,  11  of  Massachu- 
setts, 8  of  Va.,  ete. 

Dec.  11 — Legislature   orders   the   stars 

I.. .9 


and  stripes   to   be  raised  in  front  of  the 

capitol 14— Asks  the  President  for  a 

court  of  investigation  of  the  conduct  of 
Maj.  Gen.  Thos.  L.  Crittenden,  believing 
him  to  have  been  most  unjustly  relieved 
of  his  command 16 — Adopts  elo- 
quent resolutions  upon   the  death  of  tho 

Hon.  John   Jordan   Crittenden 21— 

Takes  steps  for  proper  vouchers  for  forage 
taken  from,  and  compensation  for  injuries 
to,  citizens  of  Ky.,  by  Federal  soldiers 
Thanks  the  U.  S.  army  for  the  vic- 
tories at  Stone  river,  Chickamauga,  Look- 
out Mountain,  and  Missionary  Ridge 

22— Authorizes  the  Southern  Bank  of  Ky. 
to  wind  up  its  affairs,  and  requires  the 
state's  proportion  of  its  capital  to  be  paid 
in  coin  at  Louisville.  [The  bank  has  on 
hand  $1,619,171  in  gold  and  silver.] 

Dec.  13— On  Sunday  night,  a  file  of 
soldiers,  as  the  large  congregation  of  a 
colored  church  at  Lexington  is  dismissed, 
arrests  all  the  men,  young  and  old,  and 
marches  them  to  jail — to  be  sent  next  day 
to  work  on  the  military  roads. 

Dec.  15 — Case  of  U.  S.  va.  Gen.  Lucius 
Desha,  in  U.  S.  court  at  Covington,  charged 
with  treason,  dismissed. 

Dec.  15— Capt.  Peter  Everett's  Confed- 
erate cavalrv  defeated  by  a  detachment 
of  Col.  Geo.W.  Gallup's  39th  Ky.  Federal 

Dec.  19— In  the  U.  S.  court  at  Coving- 
ton, the  several  cases  va.  Col.  Leonidas 
Metcalfe — to  recover  money  illegally  ex- 
torted by  him  as  colonel  of  the  7th  Ky. 
cavalry — continued  until  next  term. 

Dec.  24 — First  lot  of  sugar  and  molas- 
ses received  at  Louisville  by  the  river 
from  New  Orleans  since  the  Confederates 
established  the  blockade  of  the  Missis- 
sippi in  1861. 

Dec.  24— Nine  bales  of  cotton,  grown 
in  AVarren  county,  sold  in  Louisville  at 
69  cents  per  pound. 

Dec.  25— Monroe  county,  with  only  704 
enrolled  militia,  has  furnished  613  three 
years'  volunteers  and  188  one-year  men — 
being  97  more  than  her  enrolled  militia. 
Of  course,  a  number  of  citizens  over  45  or 
under  18  years  must  be  in  the  service. 

Dec.  27— Cols.  Hughes,  Hamilton,  and 
Dougherty's  guerrillas  capture  Scottsville, 
Allen  county,  after  defeating  and  taking 
prisoners  Capt.  J.  D.  Gillum's  company 
of  52d  Ky.  A  few  days  after,  Maj. 
Johnson's  52d  Ky.  follows  them  into  Ten- 
nessee, kills  40,  takes  20  prisoners,  and 
recovers  most  of  the  Scottsville  plunder. 

Dec.  28 — Numerous  sales  of  Bourbon 
CO.  land  recently,  at  $100  to  $122  per 
acre. 

Dec.  30  —  Sale  of  slaves  near  Louis- 
ville :  man  aged  28  for  $500,  boy  aged  11 
$350,  women  aged  18  and  19  $430  and 
$380. 

1864,  Jan.  1— Weather  quite  mild  until 
dusk  Last  night,  when  it  commenced  rain- 
ng,  succeeded  by  sleet,  then  by  snow, 
ind  then  by  violent  winds.  At  8  this 
the   the 


itood 


'belc 


r  zero  ;  at  Louisville  at  14" 


130 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1864. 


ly  to  pay    Id 
enty-five  per 


at  the  High  School,  and  19)^°  on  i 

Jan.  1— Southern  Bank  of  Ky, 
stockholders  that  it  is  ready 
gold  a  first  payment  of  seve 
cent,  of  their  stock,  the  first  step  toward 
winding  up  its  affairs.  The  other  Ky. 
banks  declare  as  a  semi-annual  dividend, 
free  of  government  tax  :  Northern  Bank 
4,  Farmers'  Bank  .3K,  Bank  of  Ky., 
Franklin  Bank,  Bank  of  Louisville,  and 
Commercial  Bank,  each  3,  Mechanics* 
Bank    and    People's    Bank,    each    4    per 

Jan.  4 — Gov.  Bramlette  issues  a  proc- 
lamation very  severe  toward  rebel  sym- 
pathizers, proposing  to  hold  them  person- 
ally responsible  for  all  guerrilla  raids,  and 
charging  them  with  knowledge  of  and 
with  thereby  aiding  and  abetting  their 
outrages.  He  **  requests  the  various  mili- 
tary commandants  in  the  State,  in  every 
instance  where  a  loyal  citizen  is  taken  off 
by  bands  of  guerrillas,  to  immediately 
arrest  at  least  five  of  the  most  prominent 
and  active  rebel  sympathizers  in  the 
vicinity  of  such  outrage  for  every  loyal 
man  taken  by  guerrillas.  These  sympa- 
thizers should  be  held  as  hostages  for  the 
safe  and  speedy  return  of  the  loyal  citi- 
zens. Where  there  are  disloyal  relatives 
of  guerrillas,  they  should  be  the  chief 
sufferers.  Let  them  learn  that  if  they 
refuse  to  exert  themselves  actively  for  the 
assistance  and  protection  of  the  loyal, 
they  must  expect  to  reap  the/iis(  fruits  of 
their  complicity  with  the  enemies  of  our 
State  and  people."  [It  is  the  sworn  gen- 
eral duty  of  the  Governor  "  to  take  care 
that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed."  If 
the  persons  who  are  the  objects  of  this 
denunciation  and  proposed  summary  pun- 
ishment offend  against  the  laws,  it  is  his 
duty  to  see  the  laws  faithfully  executed  ; 
if  they  be  innocent  of  crime,  the  Governor 
violates  his  duty  'in  directing  their  arrest 
at  all.  The  proclamation  delegates  an 
assumed  absolute  power  over  the  personal 
liberty  of  citizens  to  irresponsible  military 
officers,  and   leaves   them  to    select  their 


victims  ;  It  pro 


form  ■ 


quires  no  proof  of  guilt,  indicates  n 
dress  nor  relief,  establishes  no  safeguards 
against  personal  vindictiveness  and  petty 
tyranny.  It  is  a  sad  state  of  things  that 
'suggests,  and  sadder  still  that  tolerates, 
such  unwarrantable  assumptions  of  exec- 
utive power.] 

Jan.  7 — In  the  senate  of  the  Confederate 


igress. 


from 


'the 


secretary  of  the  provisional  government 
of  the  State  of  Ky."  announces  the  re- 
election of  Wm.  E.  Simms  as  senator  for 

Jan.  10— Total  cost  of  the  Morgan  raid 
in  Ohio  estimated  in  the  message  of  the 
governor  of  that  State  at  $897,000. 

Jan.  10— Several  Ky.  Federal  regiments 
re-enlist  for  three  years  or  during  the 
war— under  the  promise  of  a  thirty  days' 
furlough  to  "come  home." 

Jan.  12— Brig.  Gen.  Jerry  T.  Boyle  re- 


lieved from  the  command  of  the  District 
of  Ky.,  and  Brig.  Gen.  Jacob  Ammen 
succeeds  him.  Gen.  Boyle  tenders  his 
resignation,  which  is  accepted. 

Jan.  13— In  a  letter  to  Gen.  Boyle  upon 
the  recent  movement  of  an  agent  of  the 
Federal  government  towards  recruiting 
able-bodied  negroes  of  Ky.  into  the  "  1st 
Michigan  colored  regiment"  for  the  U.  S. 
army,  Gov.  Bramlette  says ;  "  No  such 
recruiting  will  be  tolerated  here.  Sum- 
mary justice  will  be  inflicted  upon  any 
who  attempt  such  unlawful  purpose."  In 
his  letter  of  Dec.  14,  to  Capt.  Cahill,  he 
says  Ky.  will  furnish  white  men  to  fill  the 
call  upon  her  for  more  troops  ;  will  not 
enlist  colored  men,  nor  "permit  any 
state  which  is  unwilling  to  meet  the 
measure  of  duty  by  contributing  its  quota 
from  its  own  population,  to  shelter  from 
duty  behind  the  free  negro  population 
of  Ky." 

Jan.  13— Debate  in  the  U.  &.  senate 
upon  Henry  Wilson's  (of  Mass.)  resolu- 
tion to  expel  Garret  Davis,  of  Ky.,  for 
using  treasonable  language  in  some  reso- 
lutions offered.  Mr.  D.  makes  a  strong 
and  pointed  defense.  18th — Resolution  re- 
ferred to  the  judiciary  committee.  29th— 
Mr.  Clark  thinks  the  Senate  was  bound 
to  accept  Mr.  Davis'  disclaimer  of  inten- 
tion of  inciting  insurrection  ;  Mr.  Wilson, 
after  a  few  remarks  relative  to  the  resolu- 
tion of  Mr.  Davis  with  his  disclaimer 
becoming  a  farce,  withdraws  his  expulsive 

Jan.  18— At  Louisville,  Col.  Bruce  or- 
ders the  closing  of  a  number  of  coffee- 
houses, for  selling  liquor  to  soldiers. 

Jan.  18— Distillation  of  corn  in  Ky. 
prohibited  by  military  general  orders. 

Jan.  20 — Legislature  instructs  Ky.  sen- 
ators and  requests  representatives  in  con- 
gress "  to  procure  the  passage  of  a  bill  to 
reimburse    Ky.    for    losses    sustained   by 

rebel  raids  of  all  kinds" 23— Protests 

against   congress   passing   a  tax    on    leaf 

tob.icco Asks  congress  to  construct  a 

military  railroad  from  the  interior  of  Ky. 
to  the   Cumberland  river  above  the  Falls. 

26 — Empowers  the  governor  to  raise 

5,000  troops  for  defense  of  the  state 

30 — Reduces  into  one  the  common  school 
laws. 

Jan.  23— Military  "permit"  system  in 
Ky.  abolished. 

Jan.  26— Death  of  James  B.  Clay,  of 
Lexington,  at  Montreal,  Canada,  of  con- 
sumption, aged  47. 

Jan.  28— Guerrillas  very  active  in  Owen 
and  other  counties. 

Jan.  29— Legislature  ballots  for  U.  S. 
senator  twenty-five  times,  since  Jan.  22, 
unsuccessfully :  James  Guthrie  received 
52  votes  (the  highest  cast  for  him),  Joshua 
F.  Bell  46,  Thos.  E.  Bramlette  53,  Curtis 
P.  Burnam  34,  Jas.  F.  Buckner  7,  Gen. 
Wm.  0.  Butler  4,  and  John  S.  McFar- 
land  5.     No  further  balloting  until  next 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


131 


000  men,  to  serve  for  three  years  or  dur- 

Feb.  — Adjutant  general's  report  shows 
that  Ky.  has  sent  into  the  U.  S.  service 
52  regiments  of  infantry  35,760  men. 
15  regiments  of  cavalry  15,362  men. 
6  batteries  of  artillery  823  men. 
For  sixty  days 2,957  men. 

Total 64,902  men. 

Of  these  :  Strength  at  organization,  46,- 
606,  and  recruits  5,319  (exclusive  of  the 
sixty-days'  men) ;  discharged  3,988  ;  died 
3,252;  killed  in  action,  610;  deserters, 
missing,  and  in  hospital,  5,060 ;  present 
strength,  39,065. 

Feb.  3— Great  speech  of  W.  H.  Wads- 
worth,  of  Ky.,  in  the  U.  S.  house  of  rep- 
resentatives, in  opposition  to  the  policy  of 
the  present  administration  ;  "for  beauty  of 
elocution,  force  of  reason,  and  manly  and 
statesmanlike  eloquence,  it  has  not  been 
surpassed  ;"  it  is  universally  pronounced 
"  the  speech  of  the  session." 

Feb.  5— In  U.  S.  senate.  Garret  Davis, 
of  Ky.,  explains  that  he  had  done  his 
colleague,  Lazarus  W.  Powell,  injustice 
upon  the  resolution  introduced  for  his 
expulsion. 

Feb.  5—36,009  gallons  of  wine  manu- 
factured in  Bracken  co.  in  1862,  and  31,030 
gallons  in  1863. 

Feb.  5— Legislature  appoints  a  commit- 
tee to  inquire  into  the  expediency  of  re- 
moving the  seat  of  government  to  Louis- 
ville, Lexington,  or  other  place,  and  the 

terms  to  be  offered  for  said  removal 

9— Calls  upon  congress  "  to  permit'  Brig! 
Gen.  Robert  Anderson,"  because  of  broken 
health  in  the  extraordinary  defense  of 
Fort  Sumter  and  the  loss  of  most  of  "  his 
property  by  Southern  usurpation,  to  retire 
from  active  service,  upon  the  full 
emoluments  of  his  rank, 
thorizes  the  sale  of  gold  and  silver  coin 
belonging  to  the  state  (from  her  stock  in 

the   Southern    Bank.) 17— Repeals 

the  act  of  Feb.  26, 1862,  exempting  school 
children  from  payment  of  tolls Vnr. 


pay 


bids   the   importation  of    slaves  : 


for 


erehandise Au 


ato  Ky. 

zes  the 
governor  to  borrow  $5,000,000  for  paying 
troops  raised  for  state  defense Ap- 
propriates $200  each  to  F.  L.  St.  Thomas, 
John  McClintock,  James  E.  Dickey,  Sam- 
uel Taylor,  C.  G.  Land,  Thos.  Duval,  and 
Jos.  Minor,  citizen  soldiers  of  Harrison 
CO.  (belonging  to  no  njilitary  organization 
and  receiving  no  pay),  who  were  severely 
wounded  lu  the  fight  with  John  H.  Mor- 
gan's forces  at  Cynthiana,  July  17,  1862. 
20— Ky.  banks  released  from  pen- 
alties for  failing  to  redeem  their  liabili- 
ties in  gold  and  silver  on  demand,  and 
authorized  to  deal  in  U.  S.  treasury  notes. 
Legalizes  a  mode  for  "loyal  resi- 
dents and  citizens  of  Ky.  to  prove  their 
claims  for  loss  or  damages  by  U.  S.  sol- 
diers, or  fo.r  forage  and  supplies  furnished 
same  without  proper  vouchers." Sus- 
pends the  running  of  the  statute  of  limita- 
tions  since    May  1,  1861,  in  13  counties 


n-imed Establishes  a  claim    agency 

for  Ky.  at  Washington  city 22— Re- 
stores citizenship,  if  lost  under  the  act  of 
March  11,  1862,  to  any  who  volunteer  or 

enlist  in  the   Federal  army Returns 

thanks  to  Col.  Chas.  S.  Hanson,  Lieut. 
Col.  Ben.  J.  Spalding,  and  their  command 
for  gallant  defense  of  Lebanon,  July  5! 
1863,    against   Gen.    John    H.    Morgan's 

Confedeijite    forces Protests  against 

the  enlistment  of  Ky.  negroes  into  the 
U.  S.  army,  and  requests  the  President  to 
remove    negro-soldiers'    camps    from    the 

limits  or  borders  of  the  state Affixes 

fine  of  $100  to  $5,000,  and  from  3  to  12 
months  imprisonment  in  county  jail,  for 
certain  "  disloyal  and  treasonable  prac- 
tices"— aiding,  encouraging,  or  harborin" 
Confederate  or  rebel  soldiers  or  guerrillas"; 
exciting,  either  by  speech  or  writing,  re- 
bellion against  the  U.  S.  or  Ky.;  failing  to 
give  information  of  raids,  Ac;  and  debars 
from  practicing  law  any  lawyers  guilty  of 

f^rao. "Provides  a  civil  remedy  for 

injuries  done  by  disloyal  persons." 

Provides  the  manner  of  Ky.  soldiers'iii 
U.  S.  service  voting   for  U.  S.   president 

and  vice  president Punishes,  by  fine 

of  $500  for  each  recruit  and  by  imprison- 
ment from  2  to  6  months,  any  recruiting 
for  any  military  or  naval  service  except 
that  of  Ky.  or  U.  S. 

Feb.  7— The  new  National  bank  notes 
at  a  discount  of  one  to  two  per  cent,  in 
Louisville,  and  not  bankable. 

Feb.  10—10,112  sheep,  valued  at  $2 
each,  killed  by  dogs,  last  year,  in  Ky. 

Feb.  12— The  military  committees  in 
congress  refuse  to  pay  for  two  bridges  on 
the  Louisville  and  Bardstown  turnpike, 
burnt  by  order  of  Gen.  Wm.  Nelson  in 
order  to  delay  Gen.  Bragg's  Confederate 
forces  in  the  invasion  of  Oct.  1862— upon 
the  ground  that  all  such  claims  should  be 
postponed  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

Feb.  13— U.  S.  senate  adopts  the  reso- 
lution of  Mr.  Powell,  of  Ky.,  directing 
the  secretary  of  war  to  transmit  to  that 
body  all  instruction  issued  from  his  de- 
partment to  provost  marshals  in  Ky.  con- 
cerning the  elections  in  this  state. 

Feb.  14— The  military  orders  prohibit- 
ing the  distillation  of  grain  in  the  state 
revoked. 

Feb.  19— The  house  of  representatives, 
by  74  to  3,  passes  an  act  levying  10  cents 
on  each  $100,  to  create  a  relief  fund  for 
disabled  soldiers,  for  the  families  of  sol- 
diers, and  for  the  widows  and  orphans  of 
soldiers.  It  fails  to  receive  action  in  the 
senate. 

Feb.  22,  23— Meeting  at  Louisville  of 
a  Border  State  "Freedom"  convention, 
Wm.  P.  Thomasson  president ;  about  100 
delegates  from  4  states — Ky.,  Missouri, 
Tennessee,  and  Arkansas. 

Feb.  23— Kentucky  university  huilding, 
at  Harrodsburg,  destroyed  by  fire. 

Feb.  25— Maj.  Gen.  Thos.  L.  Critten- 
den honorably  acquitted  of  all  charges 
against  him,  by  the  court  of  inquiry  at 
Louisville.  ^      ^ 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1864. 


Feb.  29— Jas.  B.  Fry,  V.  S.  provost 
marshal  general,  orders  the  enrollment, 
without  delay,  of  all  colored  males  of  mil- 
itary age. 

March  1— Judge  Ballard,  of  the  U.  S. 
district  court  at  Louisville,  having  decided 
that  any  person  taking  the  oath  prescribed 
in  the  President's  recent  amnesty  proc- 
Ijimation,  and  having  same  recorded,  is 
thereby  pardoned  of  anything  standing 
against  him,  Thos.  C.  Shacklett,  now 
confined  in  jail  under  conviction  of  treason, 
takes  the  oath  and  is  released. 

March  3— Mnj.  A.  G.  Hnmilton,  12th 
Ky.  cavalry,  Capt.  Jas.  A.  Johnson,  11th 
Ky.  cavalry,  Lieut.  Ed.  Knoble,  21st  Ky. 
infantry,  reach  home;  having  escaped, 
with  104  other  officers,  through  a  tunnel 
57  feet  long  and  3  feet  in  diameter,  which 
occupied  45  nights  in  digging,  from  Libby 
prison,  at  Richmond,  Va.;  about  half  of 
them  were  recaptured. 

March  4— Brig.  Gen.  Stephen  G.  Bur- 
bridge,  commander  of  the  department  of 
Ky.  since  Feb.  15,  orders  all  impressed 
negroes  to  be  released  from  their  work 
and  sent  home  to  their  owners. 

March  10— Col.  Frank  Wolford,  upon 
being  presented  by  citizens  of  F.ayette 
CO.  with  a  splendid  sword,  sash,  pistols 
and  spurs,  at  Lexington,  makes  a  political 
speech — in  which  be  denounces  the  order 
for  enrollment  of  negroes  in  Ky.  as  "un- 
constitutional, unjust,  another  of  a  series 
of  startling  usurpations  ;"  "  it  is  the  duty 
of  the  people  of  Ky.  to  resist  it  as  a  vio- 
lation of  their  guaranteed  rights  ;"  "  the 
people  of  Ky.  did  not  want  to  keep  step 
to  the  'music  of  the  Union,'  alongside  of 
negro  soldiers — it  was  an  insult  and  a 
degradation  for  which  their  free  and 
manly  spirits  were  not  prepared ;  while  it 
involved  an  infraction  of  the  rights  of  the 
;  the  duty  of  the  gov- 


-under  his  oath  to  s 


?P' 


rt  the  ( 


stitution  and  see  the  laws  faithfully  exe- 
cuted— to  resist  with  all  the  constitutional 
power  of  the  Commonwealth."  [The 
speech  excites  quite  a  sensation,  at  home 
and  abroad,  and  leadf  to  Col.  Wolford's 
arrest,  upon  the  charge  of  speaking  dis- 
respectfully of  the  President;  he  is  sub- 
sequently released,  and  ordered  to  report 
in  person  at  Nashville  to  Gen.  Grant,  but 
at  his  request  President  Lincoln  restores 

March  12— Mrs.  John  Lott,  of  Muh- 
lenburg  CO.,  gives  birth  to  four  bouncing 
boys ;  less  than  eleven  months  ago  she 
gave  birth  to  twins — making  six  within 

March  14 — President  Lincoln  calls  for 
200,000  more  troops,  and  orders  a  draft 
soon  after  April  15  for  any  deficiency. 

March  15 — Guv,  Bramlette,  by  procla- 
mation, recommends  the  people  to  submit 
quietly  to  the  negro  enrollment,  and  "trust 
the  American  people  to  do  us  the  justice 
which  the  present  congress  may  not  do." 

March  20— Dr.  L.  Herr,  of  Lexington, 
sells  for  $10,000  his  trotting  stallion  Mem- 
brino  Pilot,  to  H.  H.  Harrison,  of  Chicago. 


March  21— Col.  Cunningham's  negro 
soldiers  at  Paducah  "conscript"  some 
negro  hands  on  the  steamer  Carrie  Jacobs  ; 
the  boat  officers  and  crew  resist,  and  ap- 
peal to  white  soldiers  for  help  ;  a  bloody 
fight  ensues  between  the  latter  and  the 
negro  soldiers,  and  several  are  badly 
wounded  on  each  side. 

March  21 — Court  house  at  Morehead, 
Rowan  co.,  and  that  at  Owingsville,  Bath 
CO.,  destroyed  by  fire ;  the  former  the 
work  of  an  incendiary,  the  latter  from  the 
carelessness  of  Federal  soldiers. 

Slarch  21 — At  a  public  meeting  at  Dan- 
ville, Rev.  Dr.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge 
said  "  he  was  an  emancipationist,  although 
a  large  slaveholder;  he  had  two  sons  in 
the  Union  army  and  two  in  the  rebel 
army,  and  would  not  have  them  killed  for 
the  value  of  all  the  slave  property  in  the 
world  ;  there  were  other  interests  in  Ky.; 
he  had  been  called  to  Frankfort  to  consult 
with  Gov.  Bramlette  about  the  course  to 
be  pursued  in  reference  to  the  enrollment 
of  slaves  here  ;  the  state  officers  were  de- 
termined to  obey,  as  they  were  bound  to 
do,  the  laws  passed  and  orders  issued  upon 
that  subject ;  he  had  seen  the  proclama- 
tion which  had  done  so  much  to  quiet  the 
public  apprehension  issued,  and  that,  too, 
when  the  governor  had  already  prepared  a 
different  one  ;  he  was  bound,  as  a  gentle- 
man, to  support  that  proclamation,  al- 
though it  did  not  exactly  suit  him  ;  it  an- 
swered, bowever,  a  good  purpose  ;  it  foiled 
one  part  of  the  scheme  to  bloodily  baptize 
Ky.  into  the  Southern  Confederacy  ;  this 
scheme  he  understood  to  embrace  an 
emeute  of  the  Ky.  troops  in  consequence 
of  Wolford's  arrest,  and  a  general  rising 
in  the  state,  strengthened  by  a  cotem- 
poraneous  invasion  by  a  portion  of  the 
rebel  army  ;  the  conspiracy — of  whose  ex- 
istence the  proof  was  overwhelmingly 
strong — had  failed,  so  far  as  the  defection 
of  Ky.  soldiers  and  the  uprising  of  the 
people  was  concerned." 

March  22— Gov.  Bramlette,  Archibald 
Dixon,  and  Albert  G.  Hodges,  leave 
Frankfort  for  Washington  city,  to  "  inter- 
view" the  President  upon  the  subject  of 
the  enrollment  of  negroes.  They  com- 
promise their  diS'erences — the  governor 
assenting  to  the  enrollment ;  but  no  en- 
listments of  negro  seldiers  to  take  place 
unless  Ky.  fails  to  furnish  her  quota  of 
white  men. 

March  25,  26— Large  Confederate  cav- 
alry force  under  MdJ.  Gen.  N.  B.  Forrest 
attacks  P.aducah,  at  2  p.  M.  Col.  S.  G. 
Hicks,  with  battalions  of  the  122d  Illinois, 
16th  Ky.  cavalry,  and  1st  Ky.  heavy  ar- 
tillery, 220  negroes— 655  strong  in  all- 
retires  into  Fort  Anderson,  and  refuses 
the  demand  for  a  surrender.  The  Con- 
federates make  several  desperate  charges 
upon  the  ftfrt,  but  are  repulsed.  Their 
sharpshooters  keep  up  the  firing  until  late 
at  night  upon  the  fort  and  gunboats,  shel- 
tering themselves  behind  the  houses.  The 
U.  S.  gunboats  Peosta  and  Paw-Paw  aid 
in    the    defense.      Col.  Hicks,    when    the 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


133 


Confederiites  returned  next  morning,  sets 
fire  to  some  25  buildings  within  mus- 
ket range,  to  destroy  tlieir  shelter,  but 
they  did  not  renew  the  attack.  Federal 
loss  14  killed,  46  wounded,  and  40  prison- 
ers ;  Confederate  loss  considerable,  but 
not  known ;  several  citizens  killed  or 
wounded.  The  headquarters,  quarter- 
master's and  commissary's  buildings,  with 
their  stores,  the  railroad  depot,  marine 
railway,  and  steamer  Dacotah,  burnt  by 
the  Confederates,  and  much  pillaging 
done.  Many  other  buildings  burned  or 
greatly  injured  by  the  Federal  artillery. 

March  28— Most  valuable  portion  of 
New  Liberty,  Owen  co.,  destroyed  by  fire ; 
loss  $120,000. 

April  4— Lieut.  Gov.  Richard  T.  Jacob 
and  Col.  Frank  Wolford  make  speeches  at 
Paris,  opposing  negro  enlistments,  &q. 

April  6— Death,  near  Lexington,  of 
Mrs.  Lucretia  Clay,  widow  of  Henry 
Chiy,  aged  8.3.  Her  husband's  remains, 
after  12  years'  interment,  were  removed, 
and  the  two  buried  beneath  the  beautiful 
monument  erected  to  bis  memory  in  the 
Lexington  cemetery.  The  wreath  of  im- 
mortellea  placed  upon  his  coSin  at  Wash- 
ington, in  1852,  by  the  gifted  poetess  Mrs. 
Ann  S.  Stephens,  was  found  to  be  in  an 
almost  perfect  state  of  preservation. 

April  8 — 1.3  houses  in  the  business  por- 
tion of  Harrodsburg  burned ;  loss  $50,- 
000. 

April  13 — Gen.  Euford's  Confederate 
cavalry  demands  the  surrender  of  Colum- 
bus, Hickman  co.,  which  Col.  Lawrence 
refuses;  and  reinforcements  coming  up  by 
steamer,  the  Confederates  soon  retire. 

April  13 — Short  engagement  at  Paints- 
ville,  Johnson  co.;  Confederates  retreat. 

April  14— Col.  Gallup,  with  400  of  his 
14th  Ky.  under  Lieut.  Col.  Jos.  R.  Brown, 
and  400  of  the  39th  Ky.  mounted  infantry 
under  Col.  David  A.  Mims,  surprise  a  Con- 
federate force  of  600  in  camp  at  Half 
Mountain  on  the  Licking  river,  in  Ma- 
Col'.  Ezekiel  F.  Clay),  and  capture 


70  1 


April   15—78  gu 


tack  Boon 


Owsley 


but 


by 


the  citizens. 

April  15— Rev.  Calvin  Fairbanks,  who 
has  served  12  years  out  of  15  for  which  he 
was  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  for  en- 
ticing away  slaves, pardoned  by  Lieut.Gov. 
Jacob — acting  as  governor,  in  the  absence 
of  Gov.  Bramlette  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  to 
consult  Gen.  Sherman. 

April  18 — Gen.  Burbridge  issues  general 
order  No.  34  for  the  enlistment  of  able- 
bodied  negroes  in  Ky 


nediately 


forwarded 

)f  instruction  outside  of  the  si 
of  slaves  accepted  as  recruits,  to 
such   certificates   as    will  enable 

1  receive  the  compensation  author- 

22— Letter  from  Gov.  Bramlette 
A.  G.  Hodges,  reports,  as  result  of 
to  Washington,  a  change  of  esti- 


mate for  quota  to  the  present  population 
of  the  state,  omitting  those  who  ha.7o 
gone  South  ;  appointing  the  present  com- 
mander of  the  district  of  Ky.,  Brig.  Gen. 
Stephen  G.  Burbridge,  as  supervisor  of 
enrollment  and  draft,  with  power  to  cor- 
rect the  offensive  courses  complained  of, 
and  confine  it  within  the  law;  and  other 
minor  changes. 

April  24— Thos.  F.  Marshall  under  mil- 
itary arrest  for  several  days. 

April  25 — Frank  Beresford  contracts  to 
furnish  to  the  government  1,000  cattle  at 
$13.44  per  hundred— an  average  of  $94 
May  I— Aleck  Webster,  late  of  Mose 
Webster's  band,  returned  home  to  work, 
at  his  father's,  near  Crittenden,  Grant  co. ; 
is  arrested  by  soldiers  of  Capt.  Thos.  W. 
Hardiman's  Co.,  55th  Ky. — who  receive 
orders  to  "lose  him  on  the  way  ;"  they 
tempt  him  to  escape,  then  shoot  him  down 
like  a  dog,  and  bury  him  in  his  clothes, 
near  the  roadside. 

May  6— Near  Morganfield.  Union  co.,  14 
guerrillas  killed  and  13  severely  wounded. 
May  11 — Violent  snow-storm    at   Cov- 
ington. 

May  12— Gen.  Burbridge  orders  that 
hereafter  **  contractors  will  not  be  allowed 
to  have  rebel  partners  or  agents  in  the 
performance  of  their  contracts  ;  none  but 
citizens  of  unquestionable  loyalty  will  be 
given  employment  or  contracts." 
May  13— Military  draft  in  Ky. 
May  13 — Gov.  Bramlette  issues  the 
following  : 

Frankfort,  May  13,  1864. 
Kcntuckians  I  to  the  rescue  1  I  want 
10,000  six  months'  troops  at  once.  Do 
not  hesitate  to  come.  I  will  lead  you. 
Let  us  help  to  finish  this  war  and  save 
our  government. 

Thos.  E.  Bramlette,  Gov.  of  Ky. 

May    14 — Gen.   Burbridge,    in    gener.il 

order  No.  39,  interdicts  the  circulation  of 

the    "Life   of  Stonewall   Jackson"    and 

ilar   books,    and  threatens    the    seller 

i-eof  with  arrest  and  with  confiscation 

of  his  stock  of  books. 

May    16 — Maj.   Sidell,  acting  assistant 
provost   marshal  for  Ky.,  announces  that 
acceptable  negroes  will   be  received   as 
substitutes  for  white  men." 

May    18  — Gold   in    New    York    82Kc. 

May  22— R.  Aitcheson  Alexander,  of 
Woodford  Co.,  sells  to  W.  Winter,  of  Cali- 
for  the  extraordinary  price  of 
$16,001,  his  3-year  old  colt  Norfolk,  by 
Lexington.  Mr:  A.  had  some  years  be- 
fore paid  $15,000  for  his  sire  Lexington. 
May  25—"  Union  Democratic "  state 
onvention  in  session  at  Louisville ; 
peeches  by  Col.  Frank  Wolford,  Lieut. 
Gov.  Richard  T.  Jacob,  Richard  H.  Han- 
d  John  B.  Huston ;  delegates  to 
Chicago  national  convention  instructed  to 
for  Gen.  Geo.  B.  McClellan  and  Gov. 
Thos.  B.  Bramlette'as  nominees  for  pres- 
ident and  vice  president. 

May  25 — "  Unconditional  Union"  state 
nvcntion,  at  Louisville,  is  addressed  by 


134 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1864. 


Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  D.  D., 
Judge  Rufus  K.  Williams,  Col.  Benj.  H. 
Bristow,  Curtis  F.  Burnam,  and  Lucien 
Anderson.  The  unanimous  expression 
was  for  the  renomination  of  Abraham 
Lincoln  as  president.  Rev.  Dr.  Breckin- 
ridge is  one  of  the  delegates  for  the  state 
at  large  to  the  Baltimore  national  con- 
Tention. 

June  1 — Col.  Frank  Wolford,  who  was 
recently  ''dishonorably  dismissed  from 
the    U.    S.    military  service  for  speaking 


I  regii 


June  1— Guerrillas  visit  Stanton,  Pow- 
ell CO.,  burn  the  jail  and  turn  over  tbe 
clerk's  office ;  they  destroyed  the  court 
house  previously. 

June  — Gen.  Washburne,  commanding 
district  of  West  Tennessee,  issues  an  order 
that  "  the  people  of  that  disloyal  region, 
Western  Ky.,  will  not  be  allowed  to  sell 
their  cotton  and  tobacco,  or  purchase  sup- 
plies, until  they  show  some  friendship  for 
the  U.  S.  government,  by  driving  out  the 
guerrillas  and  irregular  bands  of  Confed- 
erate soldiers  who  pay  them  frequent 
visits." 

June  2— Brig.  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan 
enters  Ky.  from  Va.  at  Pound  Gap, 
Letcher  CO.,  on  his  last  or  "June  raid," 
with  about  2,400  men  in  three  brigades: 
1st,  1,050  men  under  Col.  Giltner ;  2d, 
550  under  Lieut.  Col.  Alston;  and  3d, 
800  (dismounted)  under  Col.  D.  Howard 
Smith,  the  battalions  commanded  respect- 
ively by  Lieut.  Col.  Martin  and  Maj.  Geo. 
R.  Diamond  ;  the  latter  march  from  22  to 
27  miles  per  day  (230  miles  in  10  days); 
after  June  6th  they  are  commanded  by 
Lieut.  Col.  Martin,  Col.  Smith  having 
been  transferred  to  the  2d  brigade.  Brig. 
Gen.  Stephen  G.  Burbridge,  with  a  large 
Federal  force,  is  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver, 
beyond  Piketon,  Pike  co.,  when  Morgan's 
forces  slip  by  on  the  road  through  Comp- 
ton,  Wolfe  CO.,  to  Mountsterling. 

June  2 — State  tobacco  fair  at  Louis- 
ville ;  sales  of  tobacco  at  Spratt's  ware- 
house, to-day,  $82,474  ;  one  premium  hogs- 
head sells  for  $4,630,  being  at  $4:90  per 
pound,  and  several  others  at  prices  from 
$1:50  to  $2:00  per  pound. 

June  6  —  Inspector-general  Daniel  W. 
Lindsey  issues  an  order  by  direction  of 
Gov.  Bramlette,  postponing  the  draft  or- 
dered for  June  11— "in  view  of  tbe 
scarcity  of  labor,  and  the  fact  that  the 
citizens  have  so  patriotically  and  nobly 
responded  to  the  late  call  for  six-months' 
men."  The  regiments  of  enrolled  militia 
throughout  the  state  are  to  be  organized 
for  emergencies. 

June  6— Population  of  Covington  18,- 
717,  and  of  Lexington  9,383. 

June  6— Negro  volunteering  at  Lexing- 
ton brisk;  110  volunteer  in  two  days. 

June  7 — Col.  Cunningham,  command- 
ing negro  troops  at  Paducah,  makes  a  raid 
into  Union  Co.,  and  impresses  a  steamboat 


load  of  negroes  into  U.  S.  service  :  From 
John  Cabell  8,  John  C.  Atkinson  15, 
Hon.  Archibald  Dixon  13,  Geo.  Atkinson 
23,  D.  R.  Burbank  60,  Mr.  Givens  of 
Paducah  10,  various  owners  at  Uniontown 
27— total  168.  He  was  accompanied  by  2 
gunboats — to  hefp  persuade  the  owners  to 
consent  to  the  raid. 

June  8 — Morgan's  forces  capture  Mount- 
sterling,  after  a  stubborn  resistance  by 
Capt.  Edward  C.  Barlow,  40th  Ky.  in- 
fantry, with  about  70  men  ;  they  plunder 
the  citizens  freely,  obtaining  some  $80,000 
from  the  Farmers'  Branch  Bank.  Leav- 
ing his  dismounted  men  in  camp,  Morgan 
marches  towards  Lexington. 

June  8— Maj.  Chenoweth's  (Morgan's) 
cavalry  burn  the  Keller's  bridge  north  of 
Cynthiana,  and  the  Townsend  and  several 
other  bridges  south  of  that  place  on  the 
Ky.  Central  railro.ad.  Other  detachments 
burn  turnpike  bridges,  and  the  bridge 
over  Bensiin  creek  beyond  Frankfort  on 
the  Louisville  railroad,  and  cut  the  tele- 
graph wires  in  all  directions. 

June  8 — Capt.  Peter  Everett's  company 
of  Morgan's  cavalry  make  a  raid  on 
Flemingsburg  and  Maysville  ;  seizing 
horses  and  small  amounts  from  stores, 
killing  one  man,  and  near  Maysville  burn- 
ing the  Fair  ground  buildings,  which 
cost  $20,000,  and  the  bridge  over  the  North 
Fork  of  Licking  at  the  Lexington  turnpike. 

June  9— Gen.  Burbridge,  with  Col. 
Chas.  S.  Hanson's  37th  Ky.,  Col.  John 
Mason  Brown's  45th  Ky.,  and  part  of  Col. 
David  A.  Mims'  39th  Ky.  mounted  in- 
fantry in  the  lead— after  a  remarkable 
march  of  90  miles  in  30  hours— at  day- 
break surprises  and  dashes  into  the  camp 
of  Morgan's  men  near  Mountsterling,  as 
they  lie  asleep,  unwarned  by  the  pickets. 
Springing  to  their  arms,  a  desperate  fight 
ensues,  and  the  Federals  are  driven  out 
of  the  camp ;  but,  reinforced  in  over- 
whelming numbers,  return  and  drive  the 
Confederates— the  latter  under  Col.  Mar- 
tin cutting  their  way  through  Mountster- 
ling, which  was  already  occupied  by  the 
Federals.  Col.  Giltner's  forces,  turning 
back,  meet  them  two  miles  west  of  town, 
when  they  renew  the  fight  with  deter- 
mined energy  ;  Martin's  ammunition  giv- 
ing out,  they  withdraw  unpursued  towards 
Lexington.  Confederate  loss  14  officers 
and  40  privates  killed,  about  120  wounded, 
and  150  prisoners.  Federal  loss  stated  at 
8  killed,  20  wounded,  and  50  missing,  but 
probably  much  greater. 

June  9  —  About  11  p.  >i.,  Morgan's 
forces  demand  tbe  surrender  of  Lexing- 
ington,  which  is  rofused  by  Col.  Wickliffe 
Cooper,  4th  Ky.  cavalry,  in  command, 
with  a  sm.all  force;  after  fighting  for  a 
time,  he  falls  back  to  Fort  Clay  in  the 
suburbs,  but  is  not  ag.ain  attacked.  A 
portion  of  Morgan's  men  rob  the  stores  and 
citizens,  seize  $10,000  from  the  Branch 
Bank  of  Ky.,  and  numbers  of  fine  horses. 

June  10, 11 — Morgan's  main  force,  pass- 
ing through  Georgetown,  reaches  Cynthi- 
ana about  daylight,  Saturday,  June   11, 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


and  after  a  brisk  fight,  captures  the  gar- 
rison ;  his  troops  set  fire  to  several  houses 
from  which  they  had  been  fired  upon— the 
flames  spreading  and  burning  over  25 
houses,  with  $200,000  worth  of  property. 
Sending  a  force  below  Keller's  bridge,  he 
intercepts  a  train  with  Gen.  Hobson  and 
500  Ohio  troops  and  300  horses,  which  are 
captured  after  a  gallant  engagement. 
June  10,   11— Lieut.  Col.   Pryor's  Con- 


federi 


t.  Y, 


u  may  order  all  post  and  dis- 
anders  that  guerrillas  are  not 
t  wild  beasts,  unknown  to  the 


avalry  (part  of  Morgan 
,  and,  a  surrender  being  refused, 
unsuccessful  assaults  upon  the 


i)d    to 


W. 


wilh  J.)0  regular  troops  and  enrolled  mili- 
tia (including  Gov.  Bramlette  and  other 
leading  citizens),  makes  a  gallant  defense 
of  the  city. 

June  12— Gen.  Eurbridge,  with  the  same 
force  which  defeated  part  of  Morgan's 
troops  at  Mountsterling,  overtakes  them, 
about  1,200  strong,  at  Cynthiana  about 
daylight  on  Sunday,  and  immediately 
attacks.  The  Confederates,  although 
many  are  entirely  out  of  ammunition, 
fight  for  an  hour  with  great  desperation  ; 
but  are  overpowered  and  driven  out  of 
town  in  several  directions  ;  losing,  besides 
the  killed  and  wounded,  over  300  prison- 
ers. Part  of  Morgan's  force  escapes 
through  Scott  co.,  while  he  leads  the  main 
force,  after  paroling  some  600  prisoners 
taken  on  the  10th,  on  the  ClaysviUe  and 
Augusta  road,  through  Mayslick,  Mason 
CO.,  on  the  same  night,  and  Flemingsburg 
next  morning.  His  raid  has  proved  de- 
cidedly disastrous. 

June  12— The  U.  S.  secretary  of  war 
reports  to  congress  that,  "in  his  judg- 
ment, a  military  necessity  does  not  exist 
for  a  railroad  from  Danville,  Ky.,  to 
Kno.'iville,  Tenn."  ^  ' 

June  18 — Capt.  Bowling's  guerrillas 
make  a  raid  on  Cadiz,  Trigg  co. 

June  18 — Gen.  Burbridge,  by  general 
order,  prohibits  the  circulation  in  Ky  , 
"  by  sale  or  otherwise,  of  the  Cincinnati 
Enquirer,  a  newspaper  in  the  interest  of 
the  rebellion,  and  of  all  other  papers  of 
like  character."  '^ 

June  20— Gen.  Burbridge  decides  not  to 
give  up  to  any  but  owners  who  prove  their 
loyalty,  the  horses  recaptured  from  Mor- 
gan at  Cynthiana. 

June  21— Guerrillas  visit  Brandenburg, 
Meade  co. 

_  June  21— Maj.  Gen.  Wm.  T.  Sherman, 
'  cadquarters  in  Georgia,  addresses  a 
f  instruction  to  Brig.  Gen. Burbridge, 
amanding  division  of  Ky.  He  says : 
'  Before  starting  on  this  campaign,  I 
.  Bramlette  to  at  once  organize 
in  each  county  a  small  trustworthy  band, 
under  the  sheriffs,  and  at  one  dash  arrest 
every  man  in  the  community  who  was 
dangerous  to  it;  and  also  every  fellow 
hanging  about  the  towns,  villages,  and 
cross-roads  who  had  no  honest  calling— 
the  materi.al  out  of  which  guerrillas  are 
made  up  ;  but  this  sweeping  exhibition  of 
power  doubtless  seemed  to  the  governor 
rather  arbitrary 


00  or  400— I  will  caus 
the  Mississippi,  thn 
gauntlet,  and  by  a  s 


letter 


asked  Go 


trict   comr 
soldiers,  b 

usages  of  war 

"  3d.  Your  military  commanders,  provost 

marshals,  and  other  agents,  may  arrest  all 

males  and  females  who  have  encouraged 

or   harbored  guerrillas    and  robbers,  and 

you   may    cause   them  to  be   collected  in 

Louisville;  and  when  you  have  enough— 

them  to  be  sent 

gh  their  guer- 

ling  ship  send 

them  to  a  land  where  they  may  take  their 

negroes  and  make  a  colony,  with  laws  and 

a  future  of  their  own." 

June  22— Ex-Governor  Powell's  resolu- 
tion, in  the  U.  S.  Senate,  in  relation  to 
the  military  suppression  of  the  Cincinnati 
Enquirer  in  Ky.,  defeated  by  3  to  29. 

June  23— Maj.  Wm.  W.  Bradley  acquit- 
ted by  court-martial  at  Chattanooga  of  the 
charge  of  murder  in  killing  Lieut.  Col. 
Thos.  T.  Vimont  (both  of  7th  Ky.  cav- 
slry,)  on  Jan.  16,  1864,  in  a  quarrel. 
June  27 — A  squad  from  Lieut.  Ranton'a 
Co.,  30th  Ky.,  kills  young  Martin,  near 
Crittenden,  Grant  co. 

June  29— Gold  in  New  York  sells  at 
$260  in  greenbacks  for  $100  in  gold. 

July  1—2,151  "  rebel  "  prisoners  trans- 
ferred, during  the  month  of  June,  from 
the  military  prisons  in  Louisville  to  pris- 
ons north  of  the  Ohio  river. 

July  1— Great  fire  in  Louisville,  on 
Main  street  between  8th  and  9th  ;  loss 
$1,500,000,  of  which  $800,000  worth  of 
government  stores. 

July  1 — Congress  repeals  the  law  pro- 
hibiting traffic  in  gold,  by  a  vote  in  the 
senate  of  24  to  13,  and  in  the  house  of  88 
to  29. 

July  3 — Gen.  Burbridge  issues  an  order 
requiring  all  prisoners  captured  and  par- 
oled by  Morgan's  forces  to  report  to  their 
regiments  for  service  immediately — said 
paroles  "having  been  given  in  violation 
of  orders  from  the  U.  S.  war  department." 
July  5 — President  Lincoln,  alarmed  at 
the  prevalence  of  Confederate  and  guer- 
rilla raids  into  Ky.,  suspends  the  writ  of 
habeas  corpus,  and  proclaims  martial  law 
in  the  state. 

July  —Death  at  Washington  city  of 
Brig.  Gen.  Jas.  P.  Taylor,  commissary 
general  of  subsistence  of  the  U.  S.  army  ; 
he  was  a  brother  of  the  late  President, 
Gen.  Zachary  Taylor,  and  entered  the 
service  from  Ky.  in  1813. 

July  10— Col.  Frank  Wolford  arrives  at 
Louisville  from  Washington  city  under 
parole,  to  await  a  military  trial  for  "lan- 
guage said  to  have  been  used  by  him  at 
Lebanon,"  embraced  in  13  charges. 

July  10— R.  Aitcheson  Alexander,  of 
Woodford  co.,  sells  two  fine  stallions  at 
$17,000  and  $7,500. 

July  11— Guerrillas  attack  Elizabeth- 
town,  Hardin  co.,  but  are  repulsed. 

July  11— Guerrillas  dash  into  Hender- 
ion,  plunder  the  stores,  and  shoot  James 
E.  Rankin,  a  merchant.    [See  next  page.] 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


July  7 — Convention  of  the  "  friends  of 
the  administration  "  at  Frankfort  to  select 
a  candidate  forjudge  of  the  court  of  ap- 
peals in  the  2d  appellate  district.  Morti- 
mer M.  Benton,  of  Covington,  {who,  it  is 
stated,  was  a  warm  sympathizer  with  the 
South  when  the  rebellion  began),  is  nomi- 
nated over  Wm.  W.  Trimble,  of  Cyn- 
thiana. 

July  11— Gold  opened  in  New  York  city 
at  288,  but  closed  at  277. 

July  11— Gov.  Bramlette's  letter  to  Col. 
Richard  T.  Jacob  alludes  to  information 
just  received  from  the  latter,  and  learned 
for  the  first  time,  that  Col.  Frank  Wolford's 
arrest  was  upon  a  charge  of  "  discouraging 
enlistments,"  and  adds  :  *'  If  this  arrest 
was  for  apolitical  offense we  have  suffi- 
cient material  in  Ky.  for  hostages — among 
those  who  favor  and  urge  such  arrests. 
The  loyal  people  of  Ky.  cannot  be  pro- 
voked or  driven  into  rebellion  against  the 
government;  but  in  self-defense  might 
justly  retaliate  political  arrests  —  upon 
those  who,  among  our  own  citizens,  urge  or 
provoke  political  arrests,  and  seek  to  in- 
augurate political  terrorism.  Kentuckians 
must  be  Dcrmitted  to  hold  and  express 
theifr  own'  political  sentiments,  without 
being  restrained  by  arrests.  But  the  un- 
restricted privilege  of  expressing  political 


ith  our  polil 


advocating  or  opposing  any  cai 


ididate  for 
in  the  advocacy  or  opposition 
to  any  measure  of  policy  for  conducting 
the  government.  Our  political  liberty 
requires  the  suppression  of  treason  as  a 
means  of  maintaining  our  freedom  of 
speech  and  free  elections." 

July  12  to  19— Geo.  N.  Sanders,  for- 
merly of  Ky.,  now  of  "  Dixie,"  writes 
from  Niagara  Falls,  Canada,  to  Horace 
Greeley,  New  York,  proposing  a  "  peace 
conference,"  if  Clement  C.  Clay,  jr.,  and 
J.  Halcombe,  as  Confederate  commission- 
ers, be  tendered  safe  conduct  to  Washing- 
ton to  meet  President  Lincoln.  After  sev- 
eral days'  preliminary  negotiation,  the 
latter  mentions  terms  which  the  former 
refuse  to  entertain,  and  they  remain  in 
Canada. 

July  13— Gold  in  New  York  273. 
July    14— Gold    in    New    York  falls  to 
258>g. 

July  15— Over  12.000  negroes  have 
been  taken  out  of  Ky.  and  enlisted  else- 
July  15 — It  is  just  made  public,  through 
a  letter  from  Wm.  G.  ("  Parson  ")  Brown- 
low  to  his  Knoxville  Whig,  that  the  Ky. 
delegation  to  the  Baltimore  national  con- 
vention which  nominated  President  Lin- 
coln for  re-election,  went  to  Washington 
city  and  called  in  a  body  upon  the  Presi- 
dent. Through  R6v.  Dr.  Robert  J.  Breck- 
inridge as  their  spokesman,  they  entered 
their  protest  against  the  raising  of  troops 
in  Ky.  for  home  defense,  and  especially 
against  the  placing  of  them  under  com- 
mand of  Gov.  Bramlette  and  Col.  Wolford. 


July  — The  Ky.  members  of  congress 
at  Washington  city  call  upon  President 
Lincoln  and  request  him  to  rescind  the 
order  of  Gen.  Burbridge  arresting  Col. 
Frank  Wolford ;  to  which  Mr.  Lincoln 
replies  that  he  will  not  depart  from  the 
policy  before  pursued  concerning  Vallan- 
digham.  Col.  Wolford  is  sent,  on  parole, 
to  Ky.  for  his  trial. 

July  16— Brevet  Maj.  Gen.  Stephen 
G.  Burbridge  issues  "  general  orders  No. 
59,"  "  for  the  suppression  of  guerrillas." 
Among  other  stringent  measures  or  threats 
are  these  : 

"  Rebel  sympathizers  living  within  five 
miles  of  any  scene  of  outrage  committed 
by  armed  men  not  recognized  as  public 
enemies  by  the  rules  and  usages  of  war" 
[guerrillas]  "  will  be  liable  to  be  arrested 
and  sent  beyond  the  limits  of  the  United 
States. 

**  So  much  of  the  property  of  rebel  sym- 
pathizers as  may  be  necessary  to  indem- 
nify the  government  or  loyal  citizens  for 
losses  incurred  by  the  acts  of  such  lawless 
men,  will  be  seized  and  appropriated  for 
this  purpose. 

"  Wherever  an  unarmed  Union  citizen 
is  murdered,  four  guerrillas  will  be  se- 
lected from  the  prisoners  in  the  hands  of 
the  military  .authorities,  and  publicly  shot 
to  death  in  the  most  convenient  place  near 
the  scene  of  outrage." 

July  15- Out  of  over  1,000  men  drafted 
in  Kenton  co.  only  21  have  given  personal 
service ;  and  only  8  out  of  a  similar  num- 
ber drafted  in  Campbell  co. 

July  16 — Gov.  Hahn  removes  Judge 
Wm.  AV.  Handlin  (late  of  Ky.),  of  the  3d 
district  court  ot  New  Orleans — because  he 
decided,  in  a  case,  that  the  institution  of 
slavery  still  exists  in  the  parish  of  New 
Orleans  and  in  the  State  of  Louisiana. 

July  16 — Two  negro  regiments  have 
been  org.-inized  at  Louisville,  and  6  or  7 
are  being  organized  at  Camp  Nelson,  Jes- 

July  18— President  Lincoln  orders  out 
500,000  more  troops,  and  a  draft  on  Sept. 
5th  for  any  deficiency. 

July  18—24  women  and  children  reach 
Louisville  military  prison,  being  arrested 
and  sent  there  by  Gen.  Sherman — who 
orders  them  sent  down  the  river  to  New 
Orleans,  and  thence  by  sea  out  of  the 
country. 

July  19— Brig.  Gen.  E.  A.  Paine  as- 
sumes command  at  Paducah,  and  begins  a 
fifty-one  days'  reign  of  violence,  terror, 
rapine,  extortion,  oppression,  bribery,  and 
military  murders. 

July  19— Two  young  men,  named  Powell 
and  Thompson,  sent  from  the  military 
prison  at  Louisville  to  Henderson,  and 
shot  in  retaliation  for  the  shooting  of  Jas. 
E.  Rankin,  a  few  days  ago.  [Mr.  Rankin 
recovered,  and  refused  to  receive  any  part 
of  the  $18,000  forcibly  collected  off  his 
neighbors,  to  pay  him  his  losses  by  guer- 
rillas.] 

July  20  to  25— Some  "Unconditional 
Union  "    candidates   for   office  furnish  to 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


137 


the  military  the  names  of  men  whom  they 
desire  arrested,  in  order  to  secure  their 
own  election  ;  the  arrests  are  made  accord- 
ingl}'- 

July  21—16  guerrillas  under  Capt.  Dick 
Yates  ambush  a  detachment  of  Daviess  co. 
home  guards,  at  Rough  creek,  Ohio  co., 
killing  4  and  wounding  1. 

July  22 — Mr.  Kobinson  killed  by  guer- 
rillas at  his  home  on  Eagle  creek,  Scott 
CO.,  near  Owen  co.  line.  27th— Gen  Bur- 
bridge  sends  a  detail  of  Federal  soldiers 
there,  with  a  captured  guerrilla  to  be  shot 
upon  the  spot,  in  retaliation. 

July  24— The  U.  S.  secretary  of  war 
issues  "order  No.  25  :  "  1.  If  the  owners 
of  slaves  who  have  left  their  service,  and 
taken  refuge  in  the  camps,  or  resorted  to 
the  towns,  desire  them  to  become  soldiers 
in  the  U.  S.  service,  they  have  only  to  in- 
dicate this  desire  to  the  provost  marshals, 
who  will  arrest  the  negroes  and  put  them 
in  the  service  [not  return  them  to  their 
owners]  ;  2.  All  Ky.  negroes  who  have  run 
off  or  have  been  persuaded  oif  to  adjoin- 
ing States,  to  be  enlisted  for  the  sake  of 
bounty  of  which  they  get  only  a  small 
part  or  none,  are  "  requested "  to  be 
seized  and  enlisted  in  Ky.  regiments. 

July  21— Severe  drouth  j  since  May  27, 
69  days,  only  two  inches  and  forty-three 
hundredths  of  rain  have  fallen. 

July  26 — Gen.  Burbridge  issues  order 
No.  61,  commanding  any  persons  banished 
from  Missouri  or  other  states  to  leave  Ky. 
within  20  days,  and  not  return  during  the 

July  25 — Gibson  Mallory,  state  senator 
from  Jefferson  co.,  killed  at  11  p.  m.,  5 
miles  from  Louisville,  by  a  soldier,  who 
was  arrested,  but  discharged  by  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge. 

July  29— Three  days  before  the  annual 
state  election.  Gen.  Burbridge  issues  the 
following  order,  and  a  similar  one  to  the 
sheriff  of  every  county  in  the  2d  appellate 
district: 

HEADQtJARTERS    DISTRICT  OF  Kt.,  "j 

First  Division  27th  Army  Corps,  \ 
Lexington,  Ky.,  July  29,  1864.  J 
To  the  Sheriff  of  Kenton  co.,  Independence, 
Kentucky: 

You  will  not  allow  the  name  of  Alvin 
Duvall  to  appear  upon  the  poll-books  as  a 
candidate  for  oflSce  at  the  coming  election. 

By  order  of  Maj.  Gen.  Burbridge. 
J.  Bates  Dickson,  Capt.  and  A.  A.  G. 

July  29— Two  alleged  guerrillas  sent 
from  prison  in  Louisville  to  Russeilville, 
Logan  CO.,  to  be  shot  on  the  spot  where  a 
Mr.  Porter  died,  in  that  county,  from 
wounds  while  resisting  the  outrages  of 
guerrillas. 

July  28  to  Aug.  11—"  Under  Gen.  Sher- 
man's instructions  to  Gen.  Burbridge,  and 
partly  upon  Gen.  Carrington's  information 
to  Gov.  0.  P.  Morton,  of  Indiana,"  Gen. 
Burbridge  orders  the  arrest  of  citizens, 
many  of  them  leading  and  prominent,  in 
many  counties — among  them  the  following: 

City  of  Louisville  and  Jefferson  co. — 
Joshua   F.  Bullitt   (chief  justice  ofKy.), 


Dr.  Henry  F.  Kalfus  (ex-Maj.  15th  Ky. 
Federal  infantry),  W.  K.  Thomas,  Alfred 
Harris,  G.  W.  G.  Payne,  Jos.  R.  Buchanan, 
Thos.  Jeffries,  M.  J.  Paul,  John  Hines, 
John  Colgan,  Henry  Stickrod,  Michael 
Carroll,  Wm.  Fitzhenry,  Erwin  Bell,  A.  J. 
Brannon,  Thos.  Miller,  A.  J.  Mitchell, 
John  Rudd,  Chas.  J.  Clarke,  B.  f.  Red- 
ford,  John  H.  Talbott,  W.  G.  Gray. 

Gallatin  co.— Dr.  A.  B.  Chambers,  Gar- 
rett Furnish. 

Boone  co. — Dr.  John  Dulaney,  Spencer 
Fish,  Henry  Terrell,  Warren  Rogers,  Ed- 
mund Grant,  and  Jas.  T.  Grant. 

Kenton  co.  —  Daniel  Mooar,  M.  Duke 
Moore,  John  W.  Leathers,  Green  Clark- 
son,  W.  D.  F.  Timbcrlake,  F.  M.  North- 
cutt,  Win.  Coleman,  W.  W.  Wilson,  Rob- 
ert M.  Carlisle,  Samuel  Howard. 

Warren  co. — 22  men  arrested  and 
brought  to  Louisville,  but  their  names 
suppressed  by  the  military, 

Boyd  CO.— Hon.  Laban  T.  Moore. 

Livingston  co.— Judge  AViley  P.  Fow- 
ler, Reuben  A.  Cropton,  John  Lefler,  C. 
Bennett,  Theodore  Davis,  and Law. 

Owen  CO.— Pascal  Ayers,  Jas.  W.  Baker. 

Judge  Alvin  Duvall,  and  many  others 
who  receive  timely  hints  of  or  have  reason 
to  suspect  the  military  plans,  escape  from 
the  state  and  thereby  avoid  arrest. 

July  30— Gen.  McDowell  at  San  Fran- 
cisco orders  the  arrest  of  Bishop  H.  H. 
Kavanaugh,  of  Ky.,  of  the  Methodist  E. 
Church  South,  on  suspicion  of  being  a 
Confederate  emissary,  but  releases  him 
after  an  examination. 

Aug.  1 — Election  for  sheriffs  and  some 
minor  county  or  precinct  officers,  and  for 
judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  in  the  2d 
district.  Alvin  Duvall  was  a  candidate 
for  re-election,  but  forced  off  the  track  by 
the  military  edict  above,  and  compelled  to 
fly  from  the  state  and  country  to  avoid 
arrest.  He  received  a  large  vote  in  three 
counties  which  did  not  receive  the  military 
notice.  Notwithstanding  the  track  seemed 
thus  adroitly  and  arbitrarily  cleared  for 
the  success  of  Mortimer  M.  Benton,  the 
Unconditional  Union  nominee,  other 
Union  men  this  morning  brought  out 
Judge  Robertson  as  a  candidate,  tele- 
graphed the  fact  over  the  district,  and  he 
was  elected — as  follows  : 


Anderson 99  43 

Boone 184 

Boyle 391  37 

Bracken 115 

Campbell 805 

Carroll 17 

Fayette 607  201 

Franklin  515  48 

Gallatin 68 

Garrard 476  162 

Grant 54  112 

Harrison 441  297 

Henry 151  34 


1,085 
1,989 
1,124 
2,151 
5,597 
916 
2,805 


1,.S81 
1,427 
2,183 
1,766 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1864 


Jessamine  ... 
Kenton 

..     233 

60 
920 
192 
5 
112 
506 

50 
5 

10 

17 

"225 
149 

'16.5 
533 
14 

1,299 
5,984 

Oldham 

..     191 
..       51 
..     269 
..     322 
..     253 

"  "225 

966 

Owen 

2,226 

Pendleton.... 
Scott      

2,037 
1,752 

Shelby* 

Trimble 

Woodford 

2,186 
818 
972 

Robertson's  m.nj.442  Vote  not  cast.. 33,977 
In  consequence  of  the  above  astounding 
TOte,  Gov.  Bramlette,  Aug.  5,  addresses  to 
the  sheriffs  and  ofBcers  of  election  in  those 
counties  a  circular,  asking:  1.  If  they 
received  an  order  from  any  military  com- 
mander requiring  them  to  exclude  from 
the  poll-books  any  candidate's  name? 
and  if  so,  send  the  order ;  2.  If  they 
obeyed  the  order,  and  what  candidate  was 
benefitted  thereby  ?  3.  How  many  votes 
would  the  excluded  candidate  probably 
have  received?  and  4.  Were  the  judges 
overawed  by  the  presence  or  menace  of 
soldiers,  so  as  to  interfere  with  free  suf- 
frage, and  a  free  and  equal  election  ? 
Send  all  information  bearing  upon  these 
points. 

Aug.  1 — Gen.  Paine,  in  command  at 
Paducah,  issues  an  order  levying  a  tax  of 
$100,000  upon  residents  of  his  military 
district,  nominally  for  the  benefit  of  sol- 
diers' families  living  in  western  Ky. 

Aug.  4— The  Louisville  Journal  inti- 
mates that  a  number  of  arrests  have  been 
made  in  Ky.,  but  says  it  has  been  re- 
quested by  the  military  not  to  publish  the 

Aug.  6— The  banks  of  the  Cumberland 
river  lined  with  guerrillas,  who  in  conse- 
quence of  the  low  water  can  board  nearly 
every  passing  steamboat. 

Aug.  7— At  Salem,  Livingston  co.,  Capt. 
Hugh  M.  Hiatt,  with  a  detachment  of 
48th  Ky.,  successfully  defends  the  old 
court  house  against  Maj.  Chenoweth's 
Confederate  cavalry  ;  several  killed  and 
wounded  on  each  side. 

Aug.  8 — The  Louisville  Democrat  says  : 
"  It  is  thought  strange  that  citizens  render 
little  or  no  active  assistance  against  guer- 
rilla pnrlies,  and  their  inaction  is  pun- 
ished by  the  military  as  dialoyalt)/.  It 
may  be  patriotic  and  heroic  to  ta  ke  up  arms 
or  give  information  against  them  ;  but  who 
is  to  protect  the  man  who  does  this,  when 
the  guerrillas  assail  him  next  day?  If  a 
citizen  is  to  aid,  let  him  be  protected  in 
it ;  otherwise  any  expectation  of  his  active 
help  is  unreasonable." 

Aug.  9— Squire  Turner,  a  distinguished 
citizen  of  Richmond,  Madison  co.,  aged 
72,  shot  and  dangerously  wounded  by  Col. 
Shackleford. 

Aug.  10 — The  Louisville  Democrat  says  : 
"A  large  number  of  political  prisoners 
are  confined  in  the  military  barracks  here, 
and  the  number  is  being  increased  daily 


by  the  arrival  of  prisoners  arrested  in 
other  portions  of  the  state." 

Aug.  10— Gen.  Paine  banishes  from  Pa- 
ducah to  Canada,  sending  them  under 
guard  of  negro  soldiers  as  far  as  Cairo, 
the  following  :  Mrs.  Robert  Woolfolk  and 
family,  8  persons  (Mr.  Woolfolk  having 
been  banished  by  the  same  officer  two 
weeks  previously);  Mrs.  Hobbs ;  Mrs. 
Melrouse  and  sister;  Robert  Shanklin ; 
and  from  Columbus,  Mrs.  Dowell,  Mr. 
Malone,  Geo.  B.  Moore,  Pembroke  Walker, 
Burns  Walker,  James  Morton,  R.  E. 
Cooke,  N.  Cooke,  Judge  Vance,  McKcan 
Hubbard,  and  Jas.  Moore  (late  postmas- 
ter.) Most  of  them  are  leading  mer- 
chants and  property  owners ;  when  ar- 
rested, their  goods  are  seized  and  guards 
placed  over  them.  Many  others,  to  avoid 
arrest  under  Paine's  reign  of  terror,  aban- 
don their  property  and  escape  to  Illinois. 

Aug.  11  — Col.  Hartwell  T.  Burge's 
48th  Ky.  mounted  infantry,  "  thoroughly 
mounted,  by  pressing  horses  from  disloyal 
citizens  upon  disloi/al  receipts,  payable 
upon  future  proof  of  loyalty."  So  says 
Report  of  Adj.  Gen.  of  Ky.,  vol.  ii,  p. 
489. 

Aug.  12 — Four  guerrillas  taken  from 
Eminence  to  some  point  in  the  adjoining 
county  to  be  shot. 

Aug.  13 — Guerrillas  plunder  'VVestport, 
Oldham  CO. 

Aug.  13— By  order  No.  63,  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge  absolutely  interdicts  all  shipments 
of  produce  or  goods  of  any  kind,  either 
in,  or  through,  or  into  the  state — except 
upon  permits  issued,  for  4  months,  to  per- 
sons of  "  well  known  loyalty,"  whose 
loyalty  is  established  "by  a  board  of  five 
advisers,  well  known  citizens  of  unques- 
tioned loyalty,  respectability,  and  integ- 
rity, and  who,  in  case  of  doubt,  will  take 
this  oath  : 

"  I  do  solemnly  swear  that  I  have  not, 
by  word  or  action,  given  the  slightest  aid 
and  comfort  to  the  present  rebellion  ;  and 
that  by  conversation  and  action  I  will  do 
all  I  can  to  discourage,  discountenance, 
and  overthrow  the  rebellion,  and  will  use 
my  influence  to  restore  the  authority  of 
the  government  of  the  United  States  over 
the  states  now  in  rebellion." 

The  carriers  of  goods  without  such  per- 
mit to  be  arrested  and  imprisoned,  and  the 
goods  themselves  to  be  seized  and  the 
owners'  names  reported  to  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge's    headquarters    for  further  dispo- 

Aug.  15— Geo.  W.  Wainsoott,  Wm.  Lin- 
genfelter,  and  John  W.  Lingenfelter  exe- 
cuted at  Williamstown,  Grant  co.,  by  or- 
der of  Gen.  Burbridge— in  retaliation  for 
the  murder  of  Joel  Skirvin  and  Andrew 
Simpson,  by  guerrillas. 

Aug.  15 — Richmond  Berry  and  May 
Hamilton  taken  to  Bloomfield,  Nelson  co., 
to  be  executed— in  retaliation  for  the  kill- 
ing at  that  place  of  J.  R.  Jones  by  guer- 
rillas. 

Aug.  16 — At  a  fair  given  by  negroes  in 
Louisville,  the  police  capture  all  the  males 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


list,  some  set  to  work  on  the  fortificatii 
and  others  discharged. 

Aug.  19  — Gen.  Hovey,  of  Indiana 
troops,  levies  $32,000  on  citizens  in  and 
around  Morganiield,  Union  co.,  nomi- 
nally *'  to  remunerate  the  government  for 
losses  sustained  by  frequent  guerrilla 
raids." 

Aug.  19— Col.  T.  G.  Woodward,  with 
200  Confederate  cavalry,  attacks  Hopkins- 
ville,  Christian  co.,  but  is  fatally  wounded 
and  his  force  repulsed  by  Lieut.  Wm.  M. 
Beson,  with  a  detachment  of  52d  Ky. 
mounted  infantry. 

Aug.  20— By  order  of  Brig.  Gen.  Ew- 
ing,  J.  Bloom,  J.  H.  Cave  (of  Shelby  co.), 
and  W.  B.  McClasshan  —  imprisoned  at 
Louisville  as  guerrillas  and  bushwhack- 
ers— are  taken  under  strong  guard  to 
Franklin,  Simpson  co.,  to  be  executed;  in 
retaliation,  it  is  said,  for  some  Union  citi- 
zens shot  by  guerrillas.  After  reaching 
there,  an  order  comes  to  send  Cave  back, 
but  at  6  p.  M.  the  others  are  blindfolded 
and  shot  to  death  ;  Bloom  declaring  his 
innocence  to  the  last,  and  that  he  never 
belonged  to  a  guerrilla  band,  while  Mc- 
Classhan refused  to  say  anything  about  it. 

Aug.  20 — Guerrillas  burn  the  railroad 
depot  at  Woodburn,  Warren  co. 

Aug.  20— Col.  Adam  R.  Johnson's  Con- 
federate cavalry  repulsed  at  Morganfield, 

Aug.  20—11  shares  Northern  Bank  of 
Ky.  stock  sold  at  Le.xingto.n,  at  $161}-2. 

Aug.  21 — Col.  Adam  R.  Johnson's  Con- 
federate cavalry  repulsed  at  Prince- 
ton, Caldwell  co.,  with  4  killed  and  4 
wounded. 

Aug.  23 — Camp  Nelson  having  been  for 
several  months  a  rendezvous  for  runaway 
negroes — the  men  forced  into  the  army, 
and  the  women  fed  on  government  rations 
and  generally  idle — Gen.  Speed  Smith 
Fry  issues  order  No.  19,  expelling  all 
Kenlucky  negro  women  (but  not  those  from 
Tennessee  and  other  states)  from  camp. 
**  All  officers  having  negro  women  in  their 
employment  will  deliver  them  up  to  the 
patrol  to  be  brought  to  these  headquarters. 
Any  one  attempting  to  evade  this  order 
will  be  arrested  and  punished." 

Aug.  23—16  colored  soldiers,  117th  U.  S., 
captured  at  Jex's  Landing,  Carroll  co.,  3 
miles  above  Ghent  on  the  Ohio  river,  by 
Col.  Geo.  M.  Jessee's  Confederate  force. 

Aug.  23  — Near  Wallonia,  Trigg  co.. 
Col.  Adam  R.  Johnson  wounded  and  cap- 
tured, in  a  skirmish  between  his  cavalry 
and  the  4Slh  Ky.  The  wound  makes  him 
entirely  blind. 

Aug.  24— At  Canton,  Trigg  co.,  Col. 
Adam  R.  Johnson's  Confederate  cavalry 
overtaken  by  the  48th  Ky.,  and  after  a 
brisk  skirmish  defeated  and  dispersed. 

Aug.  25 — Gen.  Burbridge,  by  telegraph, 
"  removes  the  restrictions  of  trade  at 
Louisville,  so  far  as  concerns  marketing." 

Aug.  26— About  25  guerrillas  under 
Capt.  Dave  Martin  attack  Shelbyville,  but 


are  repulsed  with  loss  of  3  killed  and  5 
wounded. 

Aug.  26— The  1st  Ky.  Federal  cavalry, 
formerly  commanded  by  Col.  Frank  Wol- 
ford,  now  by  Col.  Silas  Adams,  arrives  in 
Lexington  (for  service  in  Ky.)  from  the 
severe  battles  in  Georgia.  It  still  num- 
bers 618  men,  with  some  200  in  Confed- 
erate prisons,  although  much  depleted  by 
remarkably   hard,   constant,  and   gallant 

Aug.  27— Capt.  Jake  Bennett,  and  19 
men,  dash  into  Owensboro,  attack  the 
guard  of  negro  soldiers  at  Ayres'  wharf- 
boat,  kill  7,  and  burn  the  boat  with  a 
large  amount  of  government  stores,  and 
then  retreat  before  the  Federal  soldiers 
could  attack  them. 

Aug.  29— Lock  No.  1,  on  Ky.  river,  3 
miles  above  the  mouth,  partially  destroyed 
and  disabled  by  guerrillas. 

Aug.  29,  30— Democratic  national  con- 
vention at  Chicago  nominates  Gen.  Geo. 
B.  McClellan,  of  New  York,  for  President, 
and  Geo.  H.  Pendleton,  of  Ohio,  for  Vice 
President. 

Aug.  29,  30,  31— At  the  Democratic  na- 
tional convention  at  Chicago,  spirited  let- 
ters are  read  from  two  Ky.  delegates  to 
the  convention,  prevented  from  attending 
because  arrested  and  confined  as  political 
prisoners  at  Louisville — John  W.  Leath- 
ers, from  the  Covington  district,  and  Dr. 
Jos.    R.    Buchanan,    from    the    state    at 

large The  1st  ballot  for  nominee  for 

vice  president  stood  :  James  Guthrie,  of 
Ky.,  6514;  Lazarus  W.  Powell,  of  Ky., 
3VA;  Geo.  H.  Pendleton,  of  Ohio,  bb% ; 
scattering,  72>^.  On  the  2d  ballot,  Mr. 
Pendleton  was  nominated  unanimously. 

Ex.  Gov.  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe,  of  Ky., 

said,  in  a  speech  :  "  Many  of  the  best 
and  most  loyal  citizens  of  Ky. — among 
them  20  or  30  ladies — are  now  imprisoned 
by  the  military  in  Louisville,  in  damp 
and  dirty  cells,  with  only  straw  to  lie 
upon,  and  the  coarsest  fare  ;  and  the  news- 
papers of  Louisville  are  forbidden  to  make 
the  slightest  allusion  to  this  terrible  state 
of  affairs.  I  proclaim  it  here  and  now — 
at  the  risk  of  my  liberty,  perhaps  of  my 
life." 

[Dr.  E.  0.  Brown,  surgeon  in  charge, 
subsequently  denied  that  the  female  pris- 
oners are  confined  in  **  damp,  dark,  and 
filthy  cells,"  but  says  their  prison  is  "  a 
good  dwelling  house,  well  ventilated  and 
dry,  and  as  comfortable  as  could  be  ex- 
pected under  the  circumstances."] 

Aug.  31 — In  Union  co.,  a  scouting  party 
of  48th  Ky.  capture  a  guerrilla  camp  and 
stores,  killing  1  and  taking  7  prisoners. 

Sept.  1— Col.  Geo.  M.  Jessee  and  his 
Confederates  have  almost  complete  con- 
trol of  Owen,  Henry,  Carroll,  and  Gallatin 
counties,  and  are  recruiting  rapidly. 

Sept.  2 — John  Jackson  Nickell,  a  Ken- 
tuckian,  sentenced  by  a  military  commis- 
sion for  acting  as  a  guerrilla  in  Ky.,  and 
as  such  killing  two  men,  hung  on  John- 
son's Island,  near  Sandusky,  0.;  he  had 
been  three  years  in  the  Confederate  army. 


140 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1864. 


Sept.  3 — Destructive  freshet  in  Cassidy's 
creek,  Nicholas  co.;  a  log  house  swept  off, 
and  4  of  the  Hardwick  family  drowned. 

Sept.  4— Frank  M.  Holmes,  of  Clover- 
port,  and  three  others,  shot  at  Branden- 
burg, Meade  co. — in  retaliation  for  the  re- 
ported killing  by  guerrillas  of  Mr.  Henry, 
near  that  place,  Aug.  28. 

Sept.  4 — Gen.  John  H.  Morgan  is  be- 
trayed, then  surprised  and  surrounded  at 
Greenville,   East   Tennessee,    by    Federal 

cavalry  under  Gen.  Alvin  C.  Gillem one 

of  whom  killed  him  as  he  was  trying  to 
escape,  or  after  his  surrender.  Gen.  Duke 
[Hist.  Morgan's  Brigade,  p.  539],  says: 
"  His  friends  have  always  believed  that  he 
was  murdered  after  his  surrender ;  his 
slayers  broke  down  the  paling  around  the 
garden  in  which  they  killed  him,  dragged 
him  through,  and  while  he  was  tossing  his 
arms  in  his  dying  agonies,  threw  him 
across  a  mule,  and  paraded  his  body  about 
the  town — shouting  and  screaming  in  sav- 
age exultation."  Thus  he  met  his  death 
at  the  hands  of  brutes  and  ruffians;  "it 
was  notorious  that  his  death,  if  again  cap- 
tured, had  been  sworn."  The  body  was 
dragged  from  the  mule  and  thrown  into  a 
muddy  ditch;  where  Gen.  Gillem  said  "  it 
should  lie  and  rot  like  a  dog;"  but  he  after- 
wards sent  it  to  the  Confederate  lines  under 
aflag  of  truce.  It  was  buried  first  at  Ab- 
ingdon, Va.,  then  removed  to  the  cemeterv 
at  Richmond,  Va.,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1872  to  the  cemetery  at  Lexington,  Ky., 
his  home  until  he  resigned  it  for  the  cause 
of  the  South  to  which  he  gave  his  great 
energiBS  and  his  life. 

Sept.  5 — Gov.  Bramlette  issues  his  proc- 
lamation calling  upon  the  county  courts — 
the  county  judges  and  justices — to  "refuse 
obedience  to  (or  else  immediately  resign, 
and  let  their  places  be  filled  by  those  who 
will  refuse  obedience  to)  order  No.  20, 
issued  Aug.  29th  by  Brig.  Gen.  Hugh 
Ewing,  requiring  the  county  courts  to 
levy  upon  tbe  tax-payers  a  sum  sufficient 
to  arm,  mount  and  pay  60  men,  to  be 
raised  in  each  county,  and  maintained 
until  further  orders.  He  denounces  Gen. 
Ewing's  order  as  "for  unlawful  and  op- 
pressive uses,"  and  as  "  violating  the  laws 
of  the  land,  the  duties  of  the  officer,  and  tbe 
rights  of  the  citizen  ;"  warns  the  courts 
against  making  such  levy  of  taxes,  and 
forbids  them  to  do  it.  [President  Lincoln 
afterwards   revokes  Gen.  Ewing's  order.] 

Sept.  5 — Slight  skirmish  near  Lagrange, 
Oldham  co.,  between  Col.  Jessee's  Confed- 
erate rangers  and  Lieut.  Col.  Wm.  B. 
Craddock's  30th  Ky.  mounted  infantry; 
former  retreat,  loss  7  taken  prisoners. 

Sept.  6— During  the  last  8  weeks,  two 
young  girls  in  Mrs.  Dolly  Seeley's  Sunday 
school  class,  in  the  Mt.  Vernon  Baptist 
church  in  Fayette  co.,  have  been  commit- 
ting to  memory  nearly  the  whole  Bible,  in 
contending  for  a  prize.  Miss  Mary  Stout 
memorized  157,  251,  233,  709,  1811,  4,000, 
and  12,000  verses— 19,161  in  all;  and 
Miss  Maria  Wordrober  166,  171,  234.  887, 
1,694,4,000,  6,000,12,000  verses— 25,152 


in  all.  They  studied  during  the  last 
three  weeks  from  daylight  till  dark ;  it  re- 
quired two  days  to  hear  them,  and  then 
only  by  skipping  them  about  so  as  to 
test  the  correctness  of  their  memorizing. 
Three  other  girls,  in  four  weeks,  memo- 
rized 1,063,  1,280,  and  604  verses,  respect- 
ively. 

Sept.  8— Brig.  Gen.  S.  Meredith  suc- 
ceeds Brig.  Gen.  E.  A.  Paine  in  command 
at  Paducah — the  latter  being  removed. 

Sept.  9 — Upon  positive  representations 
made  to  him  by  Lieut.  Col.  Jesse  J.  Crad- 
dook,  1st  regiment  Capital  Guards,  Brevet 
Maj.  Gen.  Burbridge  details  Brig.  Gen. 
Speed  Smith  Fry  and  Col.  John  Mason 
Brown  as  a  commission  to  proceed  to  Padu- 
cah, and  investigate  the  conduct  of  Gen. 
Eleazer  A.  Paine,  recently  in  command 
of  the  western  district  of  Kentucky.  Gen. 
Paine  and  his  subordinates  fled  to  Illinois, 
not  daring  to  be  present  at  the  investiga- 
tion. [Gov.  Bramlette  had  previously, 
Sept.  2,  requested  of  President  Lincoln 
the  appointment  of  a  military  commission, 
"  composed  of  good,  brave,  just,  and  fear- 
less men,"  to  inquire  into  the  conduct  of 
"  Gen.  Paine,  .and  his  confederates  Hon. 
Lucien  Anderson,  member  of  Congress, 
and  John  F.  Bollinger,  for  unjustly  op- 
pressing, and  most  iniquitously  extorting 
money  and  property  from  citizens  for 
their  own  private  gain."]  The  commis- 
sion reported  that  Paine's  "  violence  of 
manner  terrified  some  of  the  besi  citizens 

ally  uttered  sanguinary  and  brutal  threats, 
and  the  execution  of  some  guerrillas  (or 
persons  charged  with  that  crime)  gave 
snob  color  to  his  threats  as  to  alarm  the 
entire  country;"  "his  usage  of  gentle- 
men was  harsb  and  brutal  in  the  extreme ;" 
"  curses  were  heaped  upon  all  who  ap- 
proached him;"  "a  favorite  expression, 
and  frequently  made  use  of — towards  the 
most  elegant  ladies,  as  well  as  towards 
gentlemen— was,  *  You  are  a  God- damned 
scoundrel ;  God  damn  you,  I'  U  dig  a  bole, 
and  shoot  and  put  you  in  it;"  "citizens 
against  whom  not  an  earthly  charge  could 
be  made,  were  summarily  arrested  and 
thrust  into  the  guard-house  ;"  he  seized  a 
man  named  Dougherty  and  ordered  him 
to  execution,  after  he  had  been  tried  and 
acquitted  by  a  court  martial  —  his  life 
being  saved  only  by  Pnine  himself  being 
hurled  from  power.  The  number  of  per- 
sons who  had  suffered  death  at  his  hands 
could  not  be  ascertained  ;  some  stated  it 
as  high  as  43,  and  showed  the  graves  to 
prove  it;  others  only  "knew"  of  5 ;  at 
Mayfield,  Col.  McChesney,  134th  Illinois, 
executed  7  men;  4  citizens  (Kesterton, 
Taylor,  Mathey  and  Hess)  were  executed 
without  a  shadow  of  a  trial. 

The  commission  furnish  sworn  testi- 
mony, upon  which  they  charge  that  Lu- 
cien Anderson,  John  F.  Bollinger,  R.  H. 
Hall,  provost  marshal  of  1st  congresional 
district,  and  Maj.  Henry  Bartling,  of  a 
negro  regiment,  Sth  U.  S.  colored  heavy 
artillery,  are  guilty  of  corruption,  bribery, 


1864. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


141 


nnd  malfeasance  in  office  ;  Thos.  M.  Redd, 
surveyor  of  the  port  of  Paducah,  guilty 
of  illegal  fees,  and  one  of  the  principal 
agents  in  the  entire  catalogue  of  assess- 
ments, extortions,  and  oppressions  ;  Col. 
H.  W.  Barry,  of  same  negro  regiment, 
guilty  of  e.\torting  $150  in  gold  from  a 
bank  to  pay  his  prostitute  j  Col.  MeChes- 
ney,  l.Mth  Illinois,  guilty  at  Mayfield  of 
the  most  disgraceful  extortion  and  oppres- 
sion— especially  of  forcing  cripples,  sick 
and  infirm  old  men,  to  do  h.ard  manual 
labor  on  useless  intrenchments,  unless 
they  purchased  immunity  by  paying  from 
$5  to  as  high  as  $400.  [Gen.  Meredith 
turned  61  prisoners  loose  at  Mayfield,  and 
emptied  the  guard-house  at  P.aducah.] 

[For  a  full  resume  of  the  oppression  and 
tyranny — by  trade  orders,  charging  Fed- 
eral soldiers  from  10  to  60  cents  for  each 
letter  to  their  families,  extortionate  tariff 
on  cotton  and  tobacco,  assessments  on 
Union  men  as  well  as  rebel  sympathizers. 


it  of 


of  their  property,  impressment  of  citizens, 
imprisonments  and  abuse  in  all  forms — see 
Report  of  the  commission,  accompanying 
Gov.  Bramlette's  message,  in  Senate  and 
House  Journal,  1865.] 

Sept.  10— Death,  at  Mobile,  Ala.,  of 
Wm.  Tanner,  formerly  editor  of  the 
Frankfort  Patriot  in  1826,  Harrodsburg 
Central  Watchtower  in  1829,  Maysville 
Monitor  in  1S3.3-37,  Frankfort  Yeomun  in 
1843-62,  and  other  Ky.  newspapers. 

Sept.  10 — 22  guerrillas  visit  Henderson, 
and  help  themselves  to  any  property  they 
fancy — the  citizens  having  been  disarmed 
by  the  Federal  officers  and  soldiers,  and 
then  abandoned  by  them. 

Sept.  12— Gold  in  Now  York  219. 

Sept.  12— U.  S.  marshal  for  Ky.  levies 
upon  the  property  and  credits  at  Louis- 
ville, of  J.  C.  Johnston,  Robert  Ford,  and 
others,  for  confiscation  ;  they  are  in  the 
Confederate  army. 

Sept.  13— Danville  rriSiwe  appears  only 
on  a  hiilf-sheet,  the  "  board  of  trade  "  at 
Lexington  returning  its  application  for  a 
permit  for  "  positive  evidence  of  loyalty." 

Sept.  14 — Gen.  Burbridge  issues  an  or- 
der saying  "he  is  pained  to  hear  that  in 
various  portions  of  his  command,  squads 
of  Federal  soldiers  and  companies  of  men 
styling  themselves  '  State  Guards,"  '  Home 
Guards,'  'Independent  Companies;'  &o., 
are  roving  over  the  country,  committing 
outrages  on  peaceable  citizens,  seizing 
without  authority  their  horses  and  other 
property,  insulting  and  otherwise  mal- 
treating them That  any  one  armed  in 

the  cause  of  Union  and  law,  should  en- 
gage in  robbing  nnd  plundering  defence- 
less citizens,  is  humiliating  in  the  ex- 
wards  putting  down  such  lawlessness. 

Sept.  16— Col.  Frank  Wolford— having 
given  his  parole  to  President  Lincoln  in 
person,  at  AVashington  city,  July  7,  to 
repair  to  Louisville,  and  to  await  an  im- 
mediate trial  upon  the  charges  furnished 
by  Judge  advocate  John  A.   Foster,  "  1. 


Of  aiding  the  enemies  of  the  country  by 
the  public  expression  of  disloyal  senti- 
ments ;  and  2.  Of  discouraging,  denoun- 
cing, and  opposing  the  enlistment  of  col- 
ored troops  " — on  the  12th  Sept.  respect- 
fully notifies  the  President  that  he  will 
wait  a  few  days  longer  ;  and  then,  if  trial 
not  arranged  for,  will  leave  Louisville  for 
Camp  Dick  Robinson,  in  Garrard  co.,  to 
make  a  speech  in  favor  of  Gen.  McClellan 
for  the  presidency.  July  30,  he  had  posi- 
tively refused  a  parole  sent  him  by  Presi- 
dent Lincoln — which  required  him  "to 
pledge  his  honor  that  he  would  neither  do 
or  sny  anything  which  will  directly  or  in- 
directly tend  to  hinder,  delay  or  embarrass 
the  employment  or  use  of  colored  persona 
as  soldiers,  seamen,  or  otherwise,  in  the 
suppression  of  the  existing  rebellion,  so 
long  as  the  U.  S.  government  chooses  to  so 
employ  or  use  them;"  saying  to  the  Pres- 
ident by  letter,  *'  I  cannot  bargain  for  my 
liberty  and  the  exercise  of  my  rights  as  a 
freeman  on  any  such  terms.  I  have  com- 
mitted no  crime.  I  have  broken  no  law 
of  my  country  or  state.  I  have  not  vio- 
lated  any  military    order,   or  any  of  the 

usages    of  war No,  sir,    much   as    I 

love  liberty,  I  will  fester  in  a  prison,  or 
die  on  a  gibbet,  before  I  will  agree  to  any 
terms  that  do  not  abandon  all  charges 
against  me,  and  fully  acknowledge  my  in- 
nocence." Aug.  10,  the  Judge  advocate 
had  countermanded  an  order  for  him  to  go 
to  Washington  for  trial.  Sept.  15,  Col. 
Wolford  published  a  history  of  the  whole 
controversy — in  which  his  defense  forms 
one  of  the  most  brilliant,  spirited,  and 
triumphant  passages  in  the  state  trials  of 
the  world. 

Sept.  J  5— Col.  Basil  W.  Duke,  promoted 
to  brigadier  general,  and  assigned  to  the 
command  of  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan's  cav- 
alry. [It  now  appears  that  the  order  had 
been  issued  which  relieved  Gen.  Morgan 
of  the  command  of  the  department  of 
south-western  Virginia,  and  he  was  to  be 
court-martialed  for  coming  into  Ky.  last 
May  without  orders  of  Gen.  Bragg.  But 
the  Richmond  Examiner  proclaims  it 
boldly,  that  "  Morgan's  invasion  of  Ky. 
was  the  only  thing  that  could  then  save 
that  part  of  Virginia  from  ravage  by  Gen. 
Burbridge  and  his  6,000  raiders."] 

Sept.    19— Draft  in    many    counties,  to 

make  up  Kentucky's  quota  of  the  call  for 

600,000    troops.     Many  drafted  men   dis- 

tpear,    and  join   either  the  Confederate 

my    or   guerrilla   bands ;    others   fly  to 

Canada;    others    furnish   negro   or   white 

titutes ;  comparatively  few  report  for 

duty. 

pt.  19 — Gen.  Burbridge,  without  in- 
tions  from  the  President,  as    he  ac- 
knowledged,   orders  Col.    Frank   Wolford 
to  at  once  return  to  Louisville,  and  re- 
ain    until    officially    relieved   from    the 
irole    given     him    by    the    President;" 
hich  Wolford    obeyed.     28th— Wolford, 
hearing  nothing  further  from  either  Bur- 
bridge or  the  President,  publishes  the  cor- 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Sept.  19— Speech  of  Got.  Thos.  E, 
Bramlette  at  the  "  McClellan  ratification' 
meeting  at  Frankfort,  in  which  he  de- 
fends himself  and  other  Union  men  of 
Ky.  from  charges  made  in  a  speech,  Sept, 
12,  .It  Lexington,  by  Rev.  Kobert  J. 
Breeliinridge,  D.  D.;  he  speaks  of  Dr.  B. 
as  "  the  reverend  politician  who  has  been 
aptly  characterized  as  *  a  weathercock  in 
politics  and  an  Ishmaelite  in  religioi 

Sept.  21— Gen.  Burbridge  issues  ai 
der  sending  to  Memphis,  to  be  forwarded 
through  the  lines  into  the  South,  Mrs 
Marshall,  of  Lexington,  Squire  Turner, 
jr.,    Miles    Baxter,  jr.,   and    Thomas    J. 

Sept.  21— Gen.  Sherman,  in  reply  to  a 
letter  of  Gen.  John  B.  Hood,  command 
ing  Confederate  forces,  asking  him  t( 
treat  as  a  prisoner  of  war  a  Confederate 
soldier  named  W.  C.  Glover— who,  while 
employed  as  a  scout,  was  captured  and 
condemned  to  be  executed  at  Chattanooga 
as  a  spy — says,  "  I  assure  you  that  no  one 
can  be  executed  by  us  xoithoul  a  full  and 
fair  record  trial' by  a  sworn  tribunal,  at 
which  the  prisoner  is  allowed  to  have  his 
witnesses  and  counsel.  Also,  by  act  of  Con- 
gress Deo.  21,  1861,  in  case  of  the  sen- 
tence of  death,  the  case  must  be  reviewed, 
and  the  necessary  order  he  given  by  the 
officer  commanding  the  army  in  the  field  or 
the  department  to  which  the  division  be- 
longs. Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas  is  the  de- 
partment commander, and  you  must  know 
that  he  would  never  order  the  execution  of 

Gen.  Sherman  who,  it  is  pretended,  or 
claimed,  gave  general  authority  and  com- 
mand for  the  frequent  recent  military 
murders  in  Ky.  under  the  plea  of  retalia- 
tion, "  four  for  one,"  and  without  even 
the  form  or  mockery  of  a  trial  7] 

Sept.  22— Death  of  Thos.  F.  Marshall, 
in  Woodford  co.,  aged  63  j  his  disease  was 
of  the  heart  and  lungs. 

Sept.  24— Rev.  Dr.  Robert  J.  Breckin- 
ridge, in  a  recent  public  speech  at  Lex- 
ington, said:  "As  to  these  [illegal  ar- 
rests], all  the  fault  I  have  to  find  is,  that 
more  should  not  have  been  arrested  than 
were  ;  and  many  of  those  that  were  ar- 
rested, were  set  at  liberty  too  soon 

When  Simon  de  Montfort  was  slaughter- 
ing the  Protestants  in  the  south  of  France, 
he  was  appealed  to  by  certain  persons — 
declaring  that  his  men  were  mistaken, 
that  they  were  killing  many  who  were 
good  Catholics.  To  which  he  replied : 
"  Kill  them  all;  God  knows  his  own." 
And  this  is  the  way  we  should  deal  with 
these  fellows  ;  treat  them  all  alike  ;  and 
if  there  are  any  among  them  who  are  not 
rebels  at  heart,  God  will  take  care  of  them 
and  save  them  at  least." 

Sept.  26— Gold  in  New  York  fallen  to 
189  ;  and  cotton  to  $1;15  for  middling— 
a  decline  of  70  cents  from  its  highest 
point. 

Sept.  29— Gold  in  New  York  190]4. 

Oct.  1— Fall  of  snow,  two  inches  deep, 
in  western  Ky.,  opposite  Cairo. 


Oct.  2— Battle  of  Saltville,  Washington 
CO.,  Virginia,  between  4,000  Federal 
troops  (only  2,500  actually  engaged)  under 
Gen.  S.  G.  Burbridge,  and  2,000  Confed- 
erates under  Brig.  Geu.  John  S.  Williams, 
of  Ky.,  (including  a  small  brigade  of  Ken- 
tuckians  commanded  by  Col.  Wm.  C.  P. 
Breckinridge.)  In  the  Federal  forces, 
besides  Michigan  and  some  negro  troops, 
were  included  Col.  Milton  Gr.aham's  11th 
Ky.  cavalry.  Col.  Jas.  W.  Weatherford's 
13th  Ky.  cavalry,  and  the  following  Ky. 
mounted  infantry  regiments  :  Col.  Cicero 
Maxwell's  26th,  Col.  Francis  N.  Alexan- 
der's 30th,  Col.  Edmund  A.  Starling's 
35th,  Col.  Chas.  S.  Hanson's  37th,  Col. 
David  A.  Minis'  39th,  Col.  Clinton  J. 
True's  40th,  Lieut.  Col.  Lewis  M.  Clark's 
45th,  and  Maj.  Chas.  W.  Quiggins'  Sandy 
Valley  battalion  of  1st  Capital  Guards. 
The  fighting  was  handsome  and  at  times 
desperate  on  both  sides.  During  the  night 
succeeding.  Confederate  reinforcements 
were  coming  up,  and  they  prepared  to 
renew  the  engagement  vigorously  at  early 
dawn  ;  but  Gen.  Burbridge  had  begun  to 
retreat  soon  after  dark,  in  good  order — ac- 
knowledging a  loss,  in  killed,  wounded  and 
missing,  of  350  ;  among  the  killed.  Col. 
Mason,  of  a  Michigan  regiment,  and 
among  the  dangerously  wounded  and  aban- 
doned to  the  enemy,  the  gallant  Col.  Chas. 
S.  Hanson.  Oct.  3,  Burbridge  received  an 
order  from  Gen.  Sherman  to  return  to  Ky. 
The  Confederates  followed  him  for  several 
days,  harassing  his  rear  guard  ;  but  the 
exhausted  state  of  the  country  compelled 
them  to  desist;  their  loss  in  battle  not 
known  ;  they  claim  a  decisive  victory. 

The  entire  advance  of  Burbridge'a 
troops  from  Pound  Gap  had  been  a  suc- 
cession of  skirmishes — every  mile  being 
gallantly  contested  by  Col.  Giltner's  cav- 
alry (late  part  of  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan's 
brigade);  those  at  Clinch  mountain  and 
Laurel  Gap  partaking  of  the  nature  of 
battles. 

Oct.  3— Maj.  Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas  tele- 
graphs to  Gen.  Sherman,  from  Nashville, 
that  "  two  Ohio  and  three  Kentucky  regi- 
ments of  the  re-enforcements  have  ar- 
rived." [And  this,  in  striking  contrast 
with  all  the  harshness  and  bad  faith  shown 
to  Ky.  by  the  general  government !] 

Oct.  6— Rev.  Dr.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge 
thrown  from  his  horse,  and  so  much  in- 
jured as,  for  two  weeks,  to  prevent  him 
from  meeting  his  engagements  to  speak  to 
the  people. 

Oct.  7— Difficulty  at  Versailles  between 
the  citizens  and  a  command  of  negro  sol- 
diers stationed  there;  several  shots  fired, 
but  no  blood  shed  ;  negro  soldiers  stationed 
at  every  street-corner,  with  orders  to  dis- 
perse .all  gatherings  on  the  street  of  mora 
'  an  two  citizens. 

Oct.  10— Guerrillas  make  a  raid  on  South 
Tunnel,  defended  by  negro  soldiers ;  5 
negroes  killed  and  several  wounded  ;  loss 
of  the  former  not  known. 
Oct.  1 1— Train  on  Kentucky  Cent'l  R.R., 
t  Lowe's  station,  11  miles  N.  of  Lexington, 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


and  wounded  They  expected  to  eaptur, 
(aen.  Burbridge,  but  he  was  not  on  th( 
^a.n-very   g.eatly    to   their  disappoint- 

Oct.  13-40  guerrillas  burn  the  jail  ai 
Irvine,  Est.ll  cc,  after  releasing  i  pris- 
oners  and  then  plunder  the  town^       '^ 
A  °'^!- '^-Brandenburg,  Meade  Co.,  plun- 
dered by  22  guerrillas.  ^ 

Oct.13— Guerrillas  plunder  Bethel,  Bath 
CO.,    and    whip  the   county  judge  witl 
tarn  7°""'  "'""'"'  """^  ou'rageoua  b 

day,    and   for   several  Nos.,  on  smal 
wrapping  paper,  12  by  16  inches— beintr 
refused,  by  the  "board  of  trade,"  a  pe^ 
mit  to  purchase  regular  white  paper 
gularly  enough,  to-day's  issue  conta 
account  of  the  defeat  at  Saltville,  Va.,  of 
Gen.    Burbndge-the    very    officer   whose 
trade-regulating  order   had  bee, 
more  successful  in  stopping  the 
thT^e'rs'^"'  >>--«- of ';?Solthern  sympa 
thizers      m  Ky.,  and  of  Ky.  Unioi 
loan  were  his  military  orders  and  bravery 

Oct.    16— E.xplosion    of    steamer   J     C 
Irwin,  at  Eddyville,  Lyon  co     killing, 
persons,  and  wounding  more.     '  ° 

Er^mi.I?^""'"'";^-  P'o^'^-uation  from  G, 
Bramlette,  explaining  who  are  uot  entitled 
chile  «n,?T  '"  P''f "™  the  elective  fra 
CQise  and  have  a  free  election,  and  dei 
eating  any  military  interference  as  "  wi 
out  power  or  authority  in  the  federal 
state  governments  to  authorize  it   a  wan 
ton  violation  of  law,  and  placing  the  ner 
potrators  in  rebellious  coitumafy  to  tt 


go    .  _ 

Oct.  17-GoId  in  New  York  217. 

Maior    of"7°'P'-/-  ^-  ^'^"'^°'''  ^""-ng 
dresses     a         \   ^OTre.t's    command,  ad^ 

gng'-Aa^he.?-^:-^ 
regret  that  you  have  thought  prop, 
have   two   Confederate   soldfers  "iho    '  fo^ 
depredations  committed  by  bands  of  g'uer 

:'ia?i^jSrikn;o'*'"s-5---e/-. 
s;:':fitH°;f^^:ui.!;:rret^n^ 

that  it  win  „„,' u "idu'ge    the   hope 

that  It  will  not  be  necessary  for  this  com- 
your  ciuei;XId*''t  ^■^"'■•>tory  measures 

Xf    10  ^      ■    '"''"■"■ini'y  suggests  " 
oonsis'tenrn  "■''^'°''   06«er«e.,"always  a 
cons  stent  Union  paper,  is  refused  a  ner- 

?e  >°  ?'"■"'''''"  P*P"'  "'"'J  th-'reby  com- 
pelled to  cease  publication-becau.e  k, 
loyalty  IS  not  of  the  eztreme  radica"  cast 


143 

it  supports  Gen.  McClellan  for  the  presi- 
dency. ' 

Oct.  19— Encounter  at  Mudlick  Springs 
Bath  CO.,  between  a  portion  of  the  1st  Ky' 
Federal  cavalry  under  Capt.  Samuel  Bei 
den  and  250  ponfederates  under  Col.  Geo 
on'eaeh 'side ''""'''  '''"'"*  '""'  "«"°d'^d, 
„^?"ViV^'?  Confederate  soldiers  in  Can- 
fof  NiVb  7  ^-u  ^'T-  ^^""^t  H.  Young, 
(of  Nicholasville,  Jessamine  co.,  Ky  w! 
acting  under  orders  from  the  Confederate 
States  secretary  of  war,  who  authorized  it 
in  retaliation  for  the  disgraceful  burnine 
of  farm   houses  and  dwellings,  pillagimr 

«.:"io:n^'^f|t'!Tltn7/^t:rmo™t:^on?^: 
Cen  ral  railroad,  about  15  miles  fr'om  the 
Canada  frontier;  for  three  quarters  of  an 
hour,  hold  the  citizens  prisoners  of  war  ■ 
seize  all  the  money  in  three  banks,  $211,- 
ISO,  and  a  number  of  horses  ;  kill  one 
who  resists,  and  attempt  to  set  fire  to 

the  town  but  fail  in  this.  I'mmense  alarm 
ng   the   whole  Canada   border,  milit^ 

-..listed,  arms  and  troops  sent  from  New 

The  Vr'^r'^'"  ''^P'  "P  '"'  ^""-o  time 

The    Canadian     authorities     prove    very 

ipt  m  arresting  the  raiders,  and  secur- 

ig  their  money— acting,  as  the  U   S    «„« 

•tory  of  state,  Wm.  H.^Seward,  saysj  <Ma 

-.itire  conformity  with  the  wishes  of  the 

United  States  ■'_    Under  the   proeeeciings- 

■n  court  for  their  extradition  as  burglars 

rS^jL-;i:iodt^fnd'^h-mTne';'?e^' 
stored.  Their  release  provokes,  DecM, 
a  'blood  and  thunder"  proclamation  from 
Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  Dix.  who  orders  anT 

rssibirwhn:™"'!r '" '"'  =•''"  """"^^ 
s^'tfe;^o^.?;,.rLri:-„tel' 

Pre^id?nt  ?""  r'^''^'^  ^'"^  ^™"Sht  back, 
blunder  of  A°'w-'  '"'"■""'  ^y  ""'  ^'"Pid 
blunder  of  Gen.  Dix,  and,  Dec.  17,  modi- 
—  the  order  so   as  to  require  "militnrv 

NeTvofrf  '"  ''P°^'  '"  headquarter  S 
New  lork  for  instructions  before  crossing 

parties""  %  "','°  P"'"=*  "'  '^'  S^^'^ 
parties.         The    claim    was   subsenuently 

"rlZ'v'";^^'^  '"^'y  withes 

ri  ain,  for  the  delivery  of  Lieut.  Young 
allace,  Spurr,  Huntly,  Tevis,  Hutchin 

undertaken  and  carried  out  nndcrthe  au' 
by  o'.'e  !f  ',^'  so-called  Confederate  States, 
oy  one  ot  the  officers  of  their  army,"  and 
being  both  a  belligerent  act  of  /o'stiHty 
political  offense,  quoad  the  state 
J...,  remanding  extradition,"  was  not  em- 
braced by  the  Ashburton  treaty  nor  by  the 
statutes  of  Canada-for  neither  authori  ed 
the  extradition  of  belligerents  or  political 
S:g^ed.'''^^^"'-^'''''P----" 


144 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


1864. 


Oct.  23— Tilton,  Fleming  co.,  and  neigh- 
borhood, plundered  by  guerrillas. 

Oct.  24— Col.  Frank  Wolford,  in  a  pub- 
lic speech,  announces  that  "  the  man  dies" 
who  stands  between  him  and  the  pulls,  on 
the  day  of  the  ensuing  presidential  elec- 
tion, to  prevent  biin  from  exercising  this 
sacred  right  of  an  American  freeman. 

Oct.  25 — Guerrillas  enter  Flemingsburg, 
Fleming  co.,  and  commence  plundering, 
but  are  driven  off  by  the  citizens— with 
loss  of  1  killed  and  several  wounded. 

Oct.  25 — In  retaliation  for  the  shooting, 
by  Sue  Munday's  guerrillas,  of  a  Federal 
soldier,  near  Jeffersontown,  Jefferson  co., 
four  men — Wilson  Lilly,  Sherwood  Hatley, 
Lindsey  Duke  Buckner  (a  Confederate 
captain  in  Col.  Chenoweth's  regiment), 
and  M.  Bineoe — are  ordered  to  be  taken, 
and  by  Capt.  Rowland  E.  Hackett  and  50 
men  of  the  26th  Ky.,  are  taken  to  the 
spot,  and  shot  to  death. 

Oct.  25— The  Lexington  Uniomst  news- 
paper says  there  are  now  $3,000,000  in  the 
U.  3.  treasury  awaiting  distribution  to 
those  loyal  masters  whose  slaves  have  en- 
listed in  the  U.  S.  army.  The  act  of  con- 
gress authorizing  slaves  to  be  recruited  in 
the  army,  section  24,  provides  that  "  the 
secretary  of  war  shall  appoint  a  commis- 
sion, in  each  of  the  slave  states  represented 
in  congress,  charged  to  award  to  each 
loyal  person  to  whom  colored  volunteers 
may  owe  service  a  just  compensation — not 
Exceeding  $300  for  each  such  colored  vol- 
unteer, payai/e  out  of  the  fund  derived  from 


Oct.  26 — Guerrillas  plunder  Hillsboro, 
Fleming  co.  The  Maysville  Eagle,  an 
able  Union  newspaper,  says  "  the  people 
have  been  practically  deprived  of  the 
means  of  self-defense  by  Gen.  Burbridge 
and  that  duty  entrusted  to  negroes  ;  the 
people  know  how  they  enforce  it." 

Oct.  26— Gen.  Burbridge,  by  order  No.  7, 
says  "  it  has  come  to  his  knowledge  that 
persons,  in  this  military  district,  in  public 
speeches  and  otherwise,  are  encouraging 
their  partisans  to  go  to  the  polls  armed, 
at  the  ensuing  election — under  the  false 
pretense  that  the  military  meditate  illegal 
interference Officers  within  this  com- 
mand will  promptly  arrest  every  one  vio- 
lating this  order ;  and  citizens  are  re- 
quested to  communicate  infractions  of  it 
to  the  nearest  military  authority." 

By  general  order  No.  8,  issued  same 
day,  he  hoists  the  hlach  flag  thus  :  "  The 
irregular  bands  of  armed  men  within  our 
lines,  disconnected  from  the  rebel  army... 
are  guerrillas,  and  will  be  treated  as  such. 
Hereafter,  no  guerrillas  will  be  re- 
ceived as  prisoners;  and  any  officer  who 
may  capture  such,  and  extend  to  them  the 
courtesies  due  to  prisoners  of  war,  will  be 
held    accountable  for    disobedience    of  or- 

Oct.  27— The  principal  effect  of  the  U.  S. 
draft,  in  many  counties  in  western  Ky.,  is 
to  drive  the  drafted  men  into  the  Confed- 
erate army.  300  from  Breckinridge, 
Meade,  and   Hardin  counties,  203   and  75 


from  other  counties,  have  passed  through 
Henderson  or  Morganfield — to  join  Gen. 
Lyon  and  other  Confederate  officers. 

In  Hardin  co.,  Rev.  Mr.  AVilliams,  a 
Baptist  minister,  who  was  drafted,  came 
out  of  the  pulpit,  raised  a  company,  and 
led  them  to  the  Confederate  army.  His 
congregation  offered  to  relieve  him  by  pur- 
chasing a  substitute  ;  but  he  declined  to 
have  his  substitute  fight  for  a  cause  for 
which  he  was  unwilling  to  go  to  battle 
himself. 

Oct.  28— The  "hog  order"  scheme  is 
initiated  by  the  following  order  from  Gen. 
Burbridge  : 

Headquarters  Militaet  District  of  Ky. 
Lexington,  Oct.  28,  1864. 

"  The  following  information  is  hereby 
published:  Those  owning  or  feeding 
hogs  in  Ky.  are  informed  that  the  U.  S. 
government  desires  to  secure  the  surplus 
hogs  in  the  state.  A  fair  market  value 
will  be  paid  for  all  that  are  for  sale. 

"  It  is  not  intended  to  limit  the  amounts 
deemed  necessary  to  be  packed  for  family 
use  ;  but  it  is  hoped  that  all  will  willingly 
sell  to  the  government  any  excess  of  per- 
sonal wants,  and  not  allow  so  much  to  be 
packed   in  the  country  as  to  invite  raids 

"Major  H.  C.  Symonds,  commissary  of 
subsistence  U.  S.  army  at  Louisville,  ia 
instructed  with  the  details  of  this  busi- 
ness, and  will  give  all  necessary  informa- 
tion. S.  6.  BURBRIDGE, 

"  Major  General." 

Nov.  5— Col.  Swaine,  commanding  at 
Covington  and  Newport,  issues  orders 
No.  8  :  "In  compliance  with  instructions 
from  the  Brevet  Major  General  command- 
ing the  district  of  Ky.,  the  shipment  of 
hogs  from  the  state  of  Ky.  across  the  Ohio 
river  is  hereby  prohibited.  Guards  will 
order  back  any  p.arties  bringing  hogs  to 
the  river  ;  and  on  and  after  the  9th  instant, 
they  will  arrest  any  persons  attempting  to 
violate  this  order,  and  deliver  them  and 
their  stock  to  the  provost  marshal." 

Nov.  14— In  a  letter,  of  this  date,  from 
Gov.  Bramlette  to  President  Lincoln,  he 
says  :  "  Considerable  commotion  has  been 
produced  amongst  the  farmers  and  pork- 
packers  by  some  orders  recently  issued — 
and  more  especially  by  the  manner  of  their 
carrying  out — in  relation  to  the  hog  crop. 
The  agents  sent  out  have  been  attempting 
to  force  the  farmers  to  let  their  hogs  go 
to  them  at  greatly  less  than  the  market 
price — by  falsely  telling  them  that  tBe 
government  had  fixed  the  price  ;  and  un- 
less they  received  it  willingly,  their  hogs 
would  be  taken  at  that  price  any  how  ; 
and  if  they  attempted  to  sell,  or  if  packers 
attempted  to  purchase  and  pack,  their 
hogs  would  be  confiscated,  and  they  ar- 
rested and  imprisoned.  Some  large  houses 
in  Louisville  that  have  paid  their  tax, 
are  thus  held  in  check  and  cut  off  from 
business  ;  although  they  offer  to  sell  to  the 
government  their  hog  product  at  one  dollar 
less  per  hundred  than  the  Cincinnati  mar- 
ket— if  oermitted  to  go  on  with  their  busi- 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


145 


ness."     [St-c  Senate  and  Hous 
1865,  pp.  42  and  50.] 

The  price  paid  for  hogs,  Nov.  10,  was  8 
cents  per  pound  gross,  quite  steadily  ad- 
vancing to  12  cents,  on  Dec.  20. 

Nov.  7— The  Louisville  Democrat  an- 
nounces that  the  only  pork  packing  around 
the  falls,  this  season,  (excepting  a  few  in 
New  Albany),  will  be  on  account  of  the 
government— a  contract  havingbeen  closed 
with  Robert  Floyd  and  SmithSpeed  to  pack 
100,000  head,  at  figures  not  yet  known  out- 
side. The  packing  is  distributed  among 
the  following  houses:  Wm.  Jarvis  &  Co. 
60,000,  Owsley  &  Co.  20,000,  Hamilton  & 
Bros.  30,000.  The  government  contractors 
are  offering  9^  to  lOo.  gross,  for  hogs  de- 
livered here,  and  8o.  if  delivered  at  the 
pens  in  the  country.  At  Cincinnati  the 
packers  are  paying  lie.  gross;  and  as 
much  or  more  would  be  paid  here,  if  the 
other  packers  (who  have  paid  government 
license,  .ind  are  prep.ared  to  do  the  work) 
were  allowed  to  carry  on  their  business. 

Nov.  7— Vene  P.  Armstrong,  of  Louis- 
ville, announced  as  the  authorized  agent 
of  government  for  purchasing  hogs  in 
Adair,  Barren,  Breckinridge,  Edmonson, 
Grayson,  Hardin,  Hart,  Larue,  Me.ade, 
Metcalfe,  Nelson,  and  other  counties  ;  wili 
pay  in  cash,  not  in  vouchers  as  many  fear. 
He  is  the  only  one  authorized  to  buy  the 
hogs  from  .Tefferson  and  Bullitt  counties, 
except  the  small  lots  to   sausage  dealers' 


Journals,  I  ered  by  them  on  their  engagements."  Ho 
adds :  "  My  advice  to  farmers  is  to  sell  at 
once.  I  make  no  threats  of  impressment ; 
I  but  trust  that  .all  will  realize  that  they  are 
promoting  the  interests  of  their  govern- 
ment, while  they  advance  their  own  inter- 
ests._  I  consider  that  the  government  has 
a  prior  claim  to  any  private  parties,  and 
shall  take  steps  to  secure  such  results.  If  not 
provided  with  funds  at  the  time  of  deliv- 
ery, I  will  pay  as  soon  thereafter  as  funds 

The  Louisville  Democrat,  of  Nov.  18, 
says:  "Gen.  Burbridge  says  that  he  has 
nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the  hog  busi- 
ness; the  whole  matter  is  in  the  hands -of 
Major  Symonds  and  Col.  Kilburn." 

[It  is  reported  at  Louisville,  Nov.  16, 
that  the  commissary  department  at  Wash- 
ington sympathizes  with  Maj.  Symonds,  in 
his  disagreement  about  hog-orders  with 
his  ranking  officer.  Col.  Kilburn  ;  and  that 
the  latter  thereupon  asked  to  be  relieved.] 


and  in  the  market  houses. 

Nov.  8— The  Cincinnati  Gazette  says  the 
reason  assigned  for  Gen.  Burbridge's  "  hog 
order"  is  "  that  the  government  has  given 
a  contract  to  some  parties  in  Louisville  to 
pack  100,000  head;  and  they  are  afraid, 
if  shipments  are  allowed  to  Cincinnati,' 
they  will  not  be  able  to  obtain  hogs  enough 
to  fill  the  contract."  ^ 

Nov.  15— Col.  C.  L.  Kilburn,  supervising 
chief  commissary  of  subsistence  at  Louis- 
ville, in  special  order  says  :  "  No  hogs  are 
to  be  seized  in  Ky.  by  agents  or  commis- 
sioned officers.     All  persons  holding  hogs 


are  permitted  to 
and  to  such  ner 


All  pel 
ell  the: 


suehi 


they 


fit- 


subject  only  to  obtaining  permfts 
shipped  out  of  the  state."  Nov.  16— By 
additional  order  he  removes  all  restric- 
tions from  transporting  hogs  to  market, 
either  by  steamboat,  railroad,  or  on  foot  • 
and  requests  "  all  persons  knowing  of  im- 
portant facts  bearing  on  this  Ky.  hog 
question,  to  Lay  their  communications  in 
writing  before  him,  in  order  that  he  m.ay 
forw.ard  them  to  Washington  if  required." 
Nov.  17— Maj.  H.  C.  Symonds,from  office 
U.  S.  commissary  of  subsistence  at  Louis- 
ville, notifies  the  "  Farmers  of  Kentucky" 
that  "  the  subject  of  packing  hogs  at 
Louisville  is  left  to  his  judgment;  it  ap- 
pears to  be  the  almost  universal  wish  that 
he  receive  hogs  directly  from  the  owners— 
which  he  will  do,  in  lots  of  50  or  upwards  ; 
he  will  pay  a  just  and  fair  market  rate,  as 
may  be  deemed  proper  from  day  to  day  ■ 
such  hogs  as  have  already  been  bought  by 
the  agents  appointed  by  me  must  be  deliv- 

I... 10 


[So  indignant  were  the  farmers  at  the 
combination  between  speculators  and  the 
military  authorities  to  compel  the  sale  of 
their  bogs  nominally  to  the  government, 
and  at  prices  considerably  below  what  was 
paid  .It  Cincinnati,  that  as  a  mass  they 
held  back— until  after  the  issue  of  the 
following : 

Headqdartees  Military  District  op  Ky. 
Lexington,  Nov.  27,  1864. 
"  All  orders   from    these    headquarters 
ffecting  the  hog  trade  in   Kentucky  are 
evoked. 

'  By  order  of  Brevet  Maj.  Gen.  Burbridge. 
"  J.  Bates  Dickson,  C.apt.  and  A.  A.  G." 
Nov.  1— A  Confederate  force  of  32  men, 
under  Col.    Robert  J.    Breckinridge,  jr., 
and  Maj.  Theophilus  Steele  (son  and  son- 
in-law  of  Rev.  Dr.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge, 
of  Fayette  Co.),  make  a  raid  at  3K  A.  M. 
upon  Williamstown,  Grant  co.— expecting 
to  capture  a  large  sum  of  U.  S.  govern- 
ment  money,   which    they   had   been   in- 
formed   was   in    the  safe  in  N.  C.  Tunis' 
store.     The  money  had  been  removed,  but 
they  found  there  30  U.  S.  muskets  which 
they  captured  ;  some  of  the  men  plundered 
"  e  store  freely. 
Nov.  1— Oil  well  and  oil  springs  excite- 
ent  increasing  in  northern  Ky. 
Nov.    1-63,323   hogsheads    of    tobacco 
Id   at   the  Louisville  warehouses,  since 
Nov.  1,  1863— an  increase  of  26,610  over 
the  year  previous. 

Nov.  2— Gold  in  New  York  21 9%. 
Nov.  2— Last  night,  Robert  Graham, 
living  near  Peeke's  Mills,  Franklin  co., 
was  shot  and  killed— it  is  said,  by  Wm. 
Marshall  and  his  men.  At  twilight  this 
evening,  S.  Thomas  Hunt,  a  young  lawyer 
from  Maysvillo  (captured  on  his  way  to 
the  Confederate  army,  in  which  he  had 
enlisted), Thor.Lafferty,  an  old  man  and 
political  prisoner,  and  two  others,  names 
not  ascertained,  were  taken  by  a  military 
escort  fro_m__the  Lexington  jail  to  the  loweV 
3  pasture   in    South 


Frankfort.     At  theii 


rcque 


Rev.  B. 


Sayre  offered  a  fervent  prayer.    As  soon 


146 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


he  pronounced  the  "Amen,"  one  of  the 
four— who  had,  while  in  jail,  managed  to 
file  his  chain  apart— started  to  make  his 
escape,  but  soon  fell,  his  body  riddled  with 
bullets.  The  other  three  stood  still,  and 
were  shot  dead  on  the  spot,  and  their  bodies 
buried,  without  coffins,  a  little  under 
ground. 

Nov.  3 — Four  men,  one  or  more  of  them 
captured  while  on  their  way  to  the  Con- 
federate army  and  accused  of  being  guer- 
rillas—Wm.  Long,  of  Maysville,  Wm. 
Tithe,  of  Williamstown,  Grant  CO.,  Wm. 
D.  Darbro,  near  Dallasburg,  Owen  co.,  and 
R.  W.  Yates,  of  Bacon  creek.  Hart  co.— 
were  sent  from  Lexington  under  guard  to 
Pleasureville,  Henry  co.,  and  there  shot 
to  death — in  retaliation  for  the  killing  of 
two  negroes  in  the  neighborhood,  some 
days  ago.  Sixteen  hours  after,  their  bodies 
were  lying  on  the  floor  in  the  depot,  near 
where  they  were  shot. 

Xov.4,  5— Gen.  H.  B.  Lyon's  Ky.  Con- 
federate cavalry,  with  the  forces  of  Gens. 
Forrest,  Roddy,  and  Chalmers,  and  a  gun- 
boat captured  by  them,  attack  and  destroy, 
at  Johnsonville,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee 
river,  the  steamboats  Aurora,  Doane  No.  2, 
Goody  Friends,  Duke,  Alice,  Areola, 
Mountaineer,  J.  B.  Ford,  Venus,  Mazeppa, 
J.  W.  Cheeseman,  Naugatuok,  and  Bon 
Accord ;  the  gunboats  Lawawa,  Wm. 
Mann,  Key  West  and  Ben.  Galey  ;  besides 
a  number  of  barges.  To  prevent  their 
falling  into  the  enemy's  hands,  the  Fed- 
eral troops  set  fire  to  the  boats — burning, 
besides,  all  the  U.  S.  military  stores,  pro- 
visions, and  depot  buildings  at  Johnson- 
ville- the  entire  loss  $2,000,000. 

Nov.  5— A  large  body  of  guerrillas,  un- 
der Witcher  and  Bill  Smith,  makes  a  raid 
on  Peach  Orchard,  Lawrence  co.,  45  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Sandy  river, 
captures  Col.  Dils,  late  of  the  39th  Ky., 
burns  two  little  steamers  and  some  houses, 
and  pillages  the  stores. 

Nov.  5— The  Springfield  (Mass.)  Repub- 
lican says  one  great  reason  why  the  U.  S. 
government  will  not  exchange  prisoners 
■with  the  South  is,  "  that  most  of  the  Fed- 
eral soldiers  now  in  rebel  prisons  are  not 
really  in  the  service,  their  time  having  ex- 
pired. They  would  not  reinforce  our 
army  5,000  men  ;  while  by  a  full  exchange 
the  rebels  would  gain  30,000  fresh  and 
skilled  troops."  [There  is  polici/  in  such 
a  course,  but  it  is  a  great  outrage  on  jus- 
tice and  humanity .'] 

Nov.  6— Capt.  Sam.  Jarrett,  with  41 
men  of  48th  Ky.  in  garrison,  defends  Hop- 
kinsville  for  5  hours,  against  about  350 
Confederates  under  Gen.  H.  B.  Lyon,  when 
the  latter  withdraw,  with  their  dead  and 
wounded. 

Nov.  6  —  Two  rebels,  named  Cheney 
and  Jones,  sent  from  the  military  prison 
at  Louisville  to  Munfordsville,  Hart  co.— 
to  be  shot  to  death,  in  retaliation  for  the 
killing  by  guerrillas,  on  Oct.  20,  of  James 
Madison  Morry,  Co.  A,  13th  Ky.  infantry. 
Nov.  7— Three  men— Jas.  Hopkins, 
John  W.    Sipple,  and  Samuel  Stagdale— 


supposed  to  be  guerrillas,  shot  to  death  by 
order  of  the  military  authorities,  7  miles 
from  Bloomfield,  Nelson  Co.— in  retalia- 
tion for  the  killing  of  two  negroes,  last 
week,  in  that  neighborhood,  supposed  to 
be  by  Sue  Munday's  men. 

Nov.  —Many  political  prisoners  re- 
leased, during  this  month,  at  Louisville— 
upon  taking  the  oath,  and  giving  bonds,  in 
various  sums  from  $1,000  to  $10,000,  to  go 
and  remain  north  of  the  Ohio  river  during 
the  war. 

Nov.  7— Severe  skirmish  between  25 
Confederate  recruits  under  Lieut.  Jerry 
W.  South,  jr.,  and  20  Ky.  state  militia,  on 
the  middle  fork  of  Ky.  river,  in  Breathitt 
CO.;  the  latter  are  routed,  leaving  1  killed 
and  6  who  die  from  their  wounds. 

Nov.  8— The  official  vote  for  U.  S.  pres- 
ident and  vice  president  in  101  counties  : 
Geo.  B.  McClellan  and  Geo.  H.  Pendleton 
61,233,  and  soldiers'  vote  in  18  regiments 
as  received  up  to  Dec.  6th,  3,068— total 
64,301 ;  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Andrew 
Johnson  27,786,  and  soldiers'  vote  1,205— 
total  27,786;  maj.  for  McClellan  36,515. 
Aggregate  vote  92,087,  against  146,216  at 
the  presidential  election  in  1860— a  falling 
off  of  54,129,  or  nearly  64  per  cent.  Nine 
counties  —  Breathitt,  Calloway,  Floyd, 
Johnson,  Letcher,  Owen,  Perry,  Pike,  and 
Wolfe— failed  to  make  returns. 
Nov.  9— Gold  in  New  York  257. 
Nov.  9  — Skirmish  at  Devil's  creek, 
Wolfe  CO. 

Nov.  9— Gen.  Burbridge  has  four  guer- 
rillas shot  to  death,  at  Mr.  Harper's  late 
residence,  two  miles  south  of  Midway, 
Woodford  co. — in  retaliation  for  the  kill- 
ing of  Mr.  Harper,  Nov.  1,  by  Sue  Mun- 
day's band. 

Nov.  9 — Gen.  Hugh  Ewing,  command- 
ing second  division  of  the  military  district 
of  Ky.,  issues  an  order  forbidding  the  cir- 
culation within  his  district  of  the  Cincin- 
nati Enquirer,  Chicago  Times,  Dayton  (0.) 
Empire,  and  5  New  York  papers— Z>ay 
Book,  News,  Freeman's  Journal,  Old  Guard, 
and  Metropolitan  Record.  Newsboys  and 
others  selling  them  are  to  be  an-ested. 

Nov.  9 — Gov.  Bramlette  telegraphs  to 
President  Lincoln  :  "  Gen.  John  B.  Hus- 
ton, a  loyal  man  and  a  prominent  citizen, 
was  arrested  [at  1  A.  M.]  and  yesterday 
started  by  Gen.  Burbridge  to  be  sent  be- 
yond our  lines  by  way  of  Catlettsburg, 
for  no  other  offense  than  opposition  to 
your  re-election.  Stay  the  hand  of  this 
second  Paine,  and  save  your  administra- 
tion the  odium  and  our  country  the  shame 
of  such  iniquities.  You  are  doubtless  re- 
elected, but  surely  cannot  sanction  this 
ostracism  of  loyal  men  who  honestly  op- 
posed you." 

President  Lincoln  replied  that  "he 
could  scarcely  believe  that  Gen.  Huston 
had  been  arrested  for  no  other  ofi'ense  than 
opposition  to  his  re-election,"  and  would 
telegraph  Gen.  Burbridge  to  "  release  him 

Nov.  9  to  18— Spirited  correspondence 
between    Gov.    Bramlette    and  Gen.  Bur- 


1864. 


CALENDAR  OF  EVENTS. 


147 


bridge — growing  out  of  the  "arrest  and 
sending  South"  of  Gen.  John  B.  Huston. 
Gen.  Burbridge  telegraphs  :  "  In  the  ex- 
ercise of  power  delegated  to  me  by  the 
president  of  the  United  States,  I  have  ar- 
rested John  B.  Huston,  and  am  respon- 
sible for  my  action  to  my  government. 
When  the  civil  authorities  make  no  effort 
to  suppress  disloyalty,  the  military  must 
and  will."  And  writes:  "For  months 
past,  Wolford,  Jacob,  Huston,  and  others, 
nave  been  making  speeches  reviling  the 
Administration,  and  not  only  that — which 
would  be  overlooked — but  also  endeavor- 
ing, by  their  remarks,  to  discourage  en- 
listments, and  thus  to  weaken  the  power 
of  the  government  in  its  efforts  to  sup- 
press the  rebellion.  This  has  been  done 
with  the  apparent  sanction  and  approval 
of  the  state  authorities."  If  the  latter 
had  given  the  "  hearty  and  cordial  sup- 
port" assured,  "  Kentucky  to-day  would 
not  be  cursed  with  the  presence  of  guer- 
rilla bands,  and  her  loyal  people  outraged 
by  frequent  robberies  and  murders." 

In  Gov.  Bramlette's  reply,  he  speaks  of 
the  "  charge  of  dereliction  against  the  civil 
authorities,  made  by  innuendo  and  in  ap- 
parent bullying  tone."  In  reference  to  the 
charge  of  reviling  speeches  made  by  Col. 
Wolford,  Lieut.  Gov.  Jacob,  Gen.  Huston, 
and  others,  he  says:  "You  [Gon.  Bur- 
bridge]  on  Thursday  preceding  the  elec- 
tion, without  any  one  thinking  of  inter- 
fering, enunciated  a  more  reviling  charge 
against  the  Administration  than  any  I 
have  heard  of  coming  from  any  other 
source,  when  you  concluded  your  speech — 
as  reported  in  the  Frankfort  Common- 
wealth— with  the  following  words,  viz.: 
'  Now,  gentlemen,  you  all  want  pay  for 
your  horses,  and  niggers,  and  corn,  and 
your  hogs.  Be  cautious  what  record  yon 
make.'  This,  to  all  who  heard  or  read  it, 
was  regarded  as  avowing  the  purpose  to 
take,  ivithout  compensation,  the  property  of 
those  who  voted  against  Mr.  Lincoln. 
You,  so  '  reviling  the  Administration'  by 
charging  it  with  such  infamom  purpose, 
have  passed  unquestioned."  "  As  to  the 
charge  that  those  pure  and  incorruptible 
patriots  h.-ive  been  endeavoring  to  discour- 
age enlistments,  Ac.,  I  believe  it  to  be  as 
untrue  in  reference  to  them  as  I  know 
your  charge  to  be  untrue  in  reference  to 
the  state  authorities.  It  is  but  a  shallow 
pretense,  gotten  up  upon  false  accusations, 
to  afford  a  pretext  for  wreaking  political 

vengeance    upon   them You    know 

that  at  all  times  the  state  authorities  have 
promptly  and  cordially  responded  to  your 
calls,  and  earnestly  aided  you  in  all  those 
objects  [supporting  the  government,  pre- 
serving the  peace  in  the  state,  and  sup- 
pressing guerrilla  bands.]  When  you  de- 
sired the  militia  called  into  service  to  aid 
you,  it  was  promptly  done — whenever  and 
wherever  you  desired  it,  and  for  such  pe- 
riod as  you  requested.  When  you  desired 
the  state  forces  employed  at  any  place, 
they  were  promptly  sent  as  requested. 
And  when  you  were  preparing  to  go  upon 


your  Saltville  expedition,  which  resulted  so 
unfortunately/  to  you  and  the  country,  the 
state  forces  were  disposed  of  as  you  re- 
quested." [The  rest  of  the  long  letter  is 
a  masterly  and  powerful  vindication  of  the 
state  authorities,]  and  closes  by  saying: 
"  Had  your  success  been  better  and  more 
approximate  to  your  means,  it  would  doubt- 
less have  saved  you  from  attempting  to 
cover  up  your  failures  under  calumnious 
charges  against  the  state  authorities,  and 
would  have  enabled  you  to  respond  to  a 
question  put  for  information,  with  at  least 
a  decent  regard  to  gentlemanly  courtesy." 
Nov.  18— Gen,  Burbridge  "  declines  any 
further  controversy,"  but  "re-asserts  the 
contents  of  his  former  letters  and  tele- 
grams." 

Nov.  11 — Capt.  J.  A.  Stamper's  Ky. 
militia  defeat  a  party  of  Confederate  re- 
cruits under  Lieut.  Jerry  W.  South,  jr., 
wounding  and  taking  prisoner  the  latter, 
on  Holly  creek,  Breathitt  co. 

Nov.— The  rapid  increase  of  "  military 
nurders,"  without  discretion  or  semblance 
)f  justification,  but  under  the  plea  of  "  re- 
taliation," alarms  the  leading  Union  men 
of  the  state — some  of  whom  speak  out  in 
bold  and  earnest  protest.  This  provokes 
military  who  arrest  a  few  conspicuous 
citizens — among  them,  Paul  R.  Shipman,  a 
leading  editor,  and  Richard  T.Jacob,  lieu- 
Qt  governor  of  the  state,  late  colonel  io 
the  Federal  army.  The  latter  arrives  in 
Louisville,  under  guard;  Gen.  Burbridge 
orders  him  to  be  sent  South  immediately. 

Nov.  13— This  day  (Sunday)  in  accord- 
ance with  general  orders  of  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge,   five    guerrillas  —  three    brothers 

named  Horton, Forest  and Fry — 

shot  to  death,  1  mile  above  Henderson,  by 
a  detachment  of  negro  soldiers  :  said  to  be 
in  retaliation  for  the  killing  of  Union  men 
in  that  vicinity. 

Nov.  14- Paul  R.  Shipman,  one  of  the 
brilliant  and  spirited  editors  of  the  Louis- 
ville Journal,  who  had  been  ordered  by 
the  military  through  the  Confederate  lines 
and  is  on  the  mail  boat  for  Catlettshurg, 
Ky.,  is  ordered  by  the  U.  S.  secretary  of 
war,  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  to  return  to  Louis- 
ville. 

Nov.  14 — Gov.  Bramlette  addresses  a 
strong  and  practical  letter  to  President 
Lincoln,-'  upon  the  situation  in  Kentucky. 
Among  other  things  he  says  :  "  I  regret 
that  Gen.  Burbridge  is  pursuing  a  course 
calculated  to  exasperate  and  infuriate, 
rather  than  pacify  and  conciliate.  His 
whole  course,  for  weeks  past,  has  been 
such  .as  was  most  calculated  to  inaugurate 

revolt  and  produce  collisions I  shall 

need  your  co-operation  to  attain  that  unity 
and  harmony  which  I  desire — and  which, 
I  doubt  not,  you  desire — but  which  he  will 
try  to  prevent,  in  the  blunderings  of  a 
weak  intellect  and  an  overweening  vanity. 
If  the  headquarters  of  the  command- 
ant in  Kentucky  were  at  Frankfort,  where 


Senate,  1865,  p.  41 ; 


148 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


1864 


a  free  exchange  of  views  could  be  had,  it 
would  avoid  the  evils  which  have  resulted 
from  Burbridge's  weakness.  But  ho  and 
I  can  not  hold  personal  converse,  after  his 
bad  conduct  within  the  last  few  weeks. 
Our    intercourse    must    be    restricted    to 

official  correspondence  in  writing The 

system  of  arrest  inaugurated  by  Burbridge 
outrages  public  judgment  and  ought  to  be 
restricted.  His  entire  want  of  truthful- 
ness enables  him  unscrupulously  to  make 
false  charges  to  sustain  his  outrages  against 
public  judgment.  The  system  inaugu- 
rated by  him  of  trade  permits,  has  been 
most  shamefully  carried  ■  out  in  some 
places.  Although  his  published  order  see??i« 
fair  enough,  yet  the  manner  of  its  execu- 
tion revolts  the  public  sense.  Many  loyal 
vien  are  driven  out  of  business— after  hav- 
ing paid  tho  tax  and  obtained  a  license, 
and  for  no  other  reason  than  their  political 
preferences.  [For  his  remarks  about  the 
"  hog  orders,"  see  ayite,  p.  143.]  I  beg  of 
you,  Mr.  President,  to  assist  and  give  me 
such  aid  as  you  have  in  your  power  in  pre- 
verving  peace,  order,  and  unity  in  Ken- 
tucky. Our  people  are  right  and  true, 
though  they  have  been  much  bedeviled  by 
the  course  of  subordinate  ofiicers.  Bur- 
bridge  will  not  correct  these  evils  ;  for  he 
has  favorites  to  reward  and  enemies  to 
punish,  and  will  use  his  official  station  to 
carry  out  his  favoritism  and  personal  ven- 
geance." 

Nov.  15  — Two  Confederate  soldiers, 
named  McGee  and  Ferguson  (the  latter 
had  been  a  citizen  of  Lexington),  taken 
out  of  prison  by  order  of  Gen.  Burbridge, 
and  hung,  near  the  Fair  grounds  in  Lex- 
ington. 

Nov.  15— Under  new  rules  of  the  U.  S. 
war  department,  persons  held  as  prisoners 
of  war  in  the  military  prisons  cannot  be 
visited  by  friends  and  relatives,  except  by 
special  permission,  granted  only  in  cases 
of  severe  illness. 

Nov.  16 — Because  President  Lincoln  has 
set  apart  the  24th  inst.  as  a  day  of  national 
thanksgiving  and  prayer.  Gov.  Bramlette 
recommends  its  observance  by  the  people 
of  Ky. 

Nov.  18— Gold  panic  in  New  York  ;  gold 
selling  at  211 K,  »■  fall  of  47  cts.  in  10  days. 

Nov.  18— At  Eddyville,  Lyon  co..  Gen. 
Lyon's  Confederate  cavalry  attacks  37  of 
the    48th     Ky.    under    Capt.    Hugh    M. 

Nov.  19  —  Eight  guerrillas  sent  from 
Louisville  prison,  by  order  of  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge, to  Munfordsville,  Hart  co.,  to  be 
shot  to  death— W.  C.  Martin,  W.  B.  Dunn, 
John  Edmonson,  J.  M.  Jones,  W.  L.  Kob- 
inson,  John  Tomlinson,  A.  B.  Tudor,  and 
Sanford  Turley- in  retaliation  for  the 
killing  of  Union  men. 

Nov.  19 — Six  Confederates  shot  to  death, 
by  order  of  Gen.  Burbridge,  near  Oceola, 
Green  co. — in  retaliation  for  the  killing  of 
two  Union  men.  One  of  tho  six,  Lycur- 
gus  Morgan,  is  represented  as  one  of  the 
boldest,  most  desperate,  and  perfectly  fear- 
less men  in  the  world. 


Nov.  20— Thos.  S.  Pettit,  editor  Owens- 
boro  Momtor,  arrested  by  order  of  Gen, 
Hugh  Ewin.g,  and  sent  under  guard  to 
Memphis,  to  be  thence  sent  through  the 
Confederate  lines. 

Nov.  21— Gen.  Lyon's  Confederate  cav- 
alry overtaken  in  camp  near  Providence, 
Webster  co.,  by  Lieut.  Col.  Wm.W.  Hester, 
with  ISO  of  48th  Ky.— who,  after  a  brief 
skirmish,  captures  the  camp,  some  stores, 

Nov.  21— Col.  Frank  Wolford  again  ar- 
rested (the  4th  time),  and  sent  off  to  Cov- 
ington, en  route  to  the  Southern  Confed- 

Nov.  22— Chief  justice  Joshua  F.  Bullitt, 
Thos.  Jeffries,  M.  J.  Paul,  H.  F.  Kalfus, 
John  Talbott,  John  Colgan,  and  John 
Harris — who  were  arrested  in  Louisville  in 
August,  charged  with  belonging  to  a  secret 
political  society  called  the  "  Sons  of  Lib- 
erty," and  nominally  seni  off  via  Mem- 
phis, Tenn.,  into  the  Southern  Confed- 
eracy, but  really  retained  in  the  military 
prisons  in  that  place — reach  Louisville  to- 
day. -Their  release  was  secured  by  the 
Confederate  Gen.  N.  B.  Forrest,  in  ex- 
change for  some  citizens  of  Memphis,  and 
engineers  captured  in  one  of  his  raids. 

Nov.  22  — Got.  Bramlette  telegraphs 
President  Lincoln  that  "  Lieot.  Gov.  Ja- 
cob is  at  Catlettsburg,  and  Col.  Wolford  at 
Covington,  both  under  arrest,  and  by  order 
of  tho  Secret  Inquisition,*  ordered  into 
the  rebel  lines.  Will  you  either  order 
their  release  at  once,  or  a  suspension  of 
the  order  until  you  receive  my  communi- 
cation of  this  date  ?"  The  President  re- 
plied from  Washington  city  that  Gen. 
Suddarth  and  Mr.  Hodges  were  there,  and 
with  the  secretary  of  war  and  himself, 
were  trying  to  devise  means  of  pacifica- 
tion and  harmony  for  Kentucky. 

In  his  communication  to  the  President, "j" 
Gov.  Bramlette  said  :  "  I  dispatched  you 
by  telegraph  in  reference  to  the  arrest  of 
Lieut.  Gov.  Jacob  and  Col.  Frank  Wolford, 
and  the  order  sending  them  into  the  Con- 
federate lines.  I  speak  what  I  do  know, 
when  I  say  that  they  are  both  incorrupt- 
ible patriots,  and  invincibly  devoted  to 
the  preservation  of  the  Union,  and  for  tho 

suppression   of  the   rebellion But  I 

understand  that  affidavits  made  in  some 
dark  corner — extra  judicial  and  ex  parte — 
by  men  who  are  afraid  to  avow  their  in- 
famy in  the  face  of  an  open  tribunal,  face 
to  face  with  the  men  they  accuse,  consti- 
tute the  foundation  of  their  arrest.  I  say 
to  you,  Mr.  President,  that  it  is  their  ac- 
cusers that  shrink  from  the  investigation, 
and  not  Lieut.  Gov.  Jacob  or  Col.  Wolford. 
Those  who  falsely  accuse  dread  the  light 
of  an  open  investigation  ;  and,  therefore, 
they  seek  to  keep  up  a  secret  inquisition — 


*  Generally  understood  as  referring  to  a  cer- 
tain cabal  of  five,  or  "  Council  of  Evil,"  at  Lex- 
ington—who. it  was  freely  said,  "controlled" 
the  action  of  Gen.  Burbridge.  Of  these,  two 
were  distinguished  citizens,  and  three  in  eonie 
military  capacity;  but 
leemed  proper  to  m  ' 

t  Senate  Journal, 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


149 


in  which  to  condemn  without  a  trial,  and 
punish  without  a  hearing.  There  can  ex- 
ist no  just  reason  for  this  character  of  pro- 
ceeding in  Kentucky.  An  open  investiga- 
tion in  the  case  of  any  man  can  be  had  in 
Kentuelty ;  and  if  the  testimony  sustains 
a  conviction,  all  will  say,  so  mote  it  be. 
But  this  open,  fair  mode  of  proceeding — in 
conformity  with  the  genius  of  our  institu- 
tions and  the  forms  of  our  government — 
would  drive  cowardly  malignants  to  con- 
ceal their  venom  in  their  own  bosoms,  and 
hide  their  perjury  in  their  own  hearts. 
Secret  inquisitorial  dispatch  and  punish- 
ment is  the  field  of  their  operations;  and 
thus  have  they  done  much  harm  in  Ken- 
tucky, not  only  to  the  interest  of  our 
country,  but  to  the  cause  of  humanity. 
Deeds  of  evil,  done  in  the  name  of  the 
government,  which  revolt  the  public  judg- 
ment, are  hurtful  to  our  cause.'  And  so 
revolting  to  public  judgment  was  the  ar- 
rest of  these  battle-scarred  veterans,  that 
to  their  prudent  patriotism  we  are  in- 
debted for  its  not  being  resisted.  Hun- 
dreds of  good,  true,  loyal  men  felt  so  out- 
raged at  the  proceeding,  that — in  the  heat 
of  their  indignation  and  zeal  for  what 
they  deemed  to  be  defense  of  outraged 
patriotism — they  would  have  rushed  to  the 

forcible  rescue   of  these   men Put  a 

ition  — this 

men,  from  their  homes  and  their  country. 
Mr.  President,  do  stop  these  mis- 
erable, cowardly,  stay-at-home,  abuse- 
every-body  patriots  from  giving  such  aid 
and  comfort  to  the  rebellion — as  does  such 
acts  as  the  banishment  of  Jacob  and  Wol- 
ford  give.  Better  send  their  accusers  ofi'; 
for  they  will  not  help  us  in  the  day  of  bat- 
tle, and  Jacob  and  Wolford  will." 

Nov.  2a— Gov.  Bramlette  issues  a  proc- 
lamation calling  upon  Kentuckians  "whose 
slaves  have  been  taken  for  army  purposes 
to  devote  whatever  sum  the  government 
may  pay  for  them  to  the  noble  purpose  of 
relieving  the  wants  and  supplying  the 
necessities  of  the  wives  and  children,  and 
widows  and  orphans,"  of  [Federal]  Ken- 
tucky soldiers.  He  offers  whatever  is 
received  for  his  two  slaves ;  and  hopes 
"$500,000  will  be  dedicated  to  this  patri- 
otic charity." 

Nov.  24  — Skirmish  at  Clay  Village, 
Shelby  CO.  J'  s  . 

Nov.  24— City  Railway  company.  Gen. 
Jerry  T.  Boyle  president,  opens  its  first 
lino  of  street  railway  on  Main  street,  from 
Twelfth  to  Wenzel  street,  Louisville. 

Nov.  24— Destruction  by  fire  of  a  two- 
story  brick  building,  220  by  40  feet,  within 
the  penitentiary  walls  at  Frankfurt,  con- 
taining the  carpenter,  cooper,  and  paint 
shops  and  a  grist-mill ;. loss  about  $20,- 
000— half  by  the  state,  and  half  by  the 
keeper,  Harry  I.  Todd. 

Nov.  25 — Supplemental  draft  in  several 
counties,  to  fill  up  the  quota. 

Nov.  25 — Among  the  Confederate  officers 
recenlly  captured  while  on  recruiting  serv- 
ice in  Ky.,  are  Maj.  Theophilus  Steele,  of 


Lexington,  and  C.apt.  J.  La 
of  Paris,  Ky.  Nov.  30,  the  latter,  while 
being  conveyed  as  a  prisoner  to  Johnson's 
Island,  near  Sandusky,  Ohio,  jumped  from 
the  train  in  motion,  and  escaped  to  Can- 
ada. 

Nov.  28 — Steamer  Tarascon  makes  the 
run  from  Henderson  to  Evansville,  11'^ 
measured  miles,  in  53K  minutes  —  the 
quickest  trip  ever  made  between  the 
points. 

Nov.  28— Capt.  Alanson  M.  Pulliam, 
Lieut.  Peterson  Roff,  and  XI  men,  of  the 
27th  Ky.,  captured  by  guerrillas,  near 
Stephensport,  Breckinridge  co. 

Nov.  28— The  True  Presbylerian— edited 
by  Rev.  Dr.  Stuart  Robinson,  "  who,  on 
account  of  his  open  and  avowed  sympathy 
with  the  South,  is  sojourning  in  Canada," 
whither  he  escaped  to  avoid  a  second  ar- 
rest— suppressed  by  order  of  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge.  "  The  paper  eschewed  politics, 
except  when  condemning  the  attempts  on 
the  part  of  churches  to  decide  political 
questions,  or  the  interference  of  the  mili- 
tary with  the  churches  as  such." 

Nov.  28— Geo.  D.  Prentice,  editor  of  the 
Louisville  Journal,  leaves  Washington  city 
for  Richmond,  Va.,  to  look  into  the  case 
of  his  only  living  son,  Clarence  J.,  under 
arrest  for  killing,  in  self  defence.  He  is 
provided  with  passes  from  both  Federal 
and  Confederate  officials. 

Nov.  30— Guerrillas  and  Confederate  re- 
cruits very  active  in  middle  and  west- 
ern Ky. 

Dec.  1— Alex. Caldwell,a  Confederate  sol- 
dier, tried  in  the  Campbell  circuit  court,  at 
Newport,  for  horse-stealing,  and  acquitted. 
His  plea  that  he  had  taken  President  Lin- 
coln's amnesty  oath,  and  was  thereby  par- 
doned, was  held  not  good;  Judge  Jos. 
Doniphan  deciding  that  the  President  had 
authority  to  pardon  offenses  .against  the 
constitution  and  laws  of  the  Federal  gov- 
ernment, but  not  against  those  of  the  com- 
monwealth of  Kentucky.  His  second  plea 
— that  he  seized  the  horse  under  the  orders 
of  his  commanding  officer,  Maj.  Cameron, 
C.  S.  A.,  and  handed  him  over  next  day 
to  the  Confederate  army,  under  Gen.  Heth, 
Sept.  16,  1862— the  court  sustained  ;  and 

structed  the  jury  that,  inasmuch  as  the 
President  of  the  U.  S.  had  recognized  the 
Confederate   soldier  as   a  belligerent  and 

titled,  as  such,  to  the  laws  and  immuni- 
ties of  war,  if  they  believed  the  horse  was 
taken  by  the  defendant  as  a  soldier  and 
by  authority,  for  military  purposes  and  not 
therwise,  his  offense  was  not  felony,  and 
they  should  find  for  defendant. 

Dec.    2— M.ij.    Gen.    John  C.   Breckin- 

dge,  C.  S.  A.,  issues  an  order  to  husband 
rms  and  accoutrements,  and  to  glean  lead 
from  the  battle-fields. 

Dec.  4 — Further  drafting  stopped  in  Ky. 

Dec.  4— Guerrillas  visit  OwingsviUe, 
Bath  CO.,  rob  ihe  stores,  and  make  a  bon- 

e   in    the   street    of  many    records  and 

urt  papers  from  the  clerk's  office. 

Dec.  7— Gold  in  New  York  239. 

Dec.  7  to  28— Brevet  Maj.  Gen.  Stephen 


150 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


G.  Burbridge  leaves  Ky.,  with  4,000  men, 
on  his  seco/id  Saltville  (Va.)  expedition. 
Among  his  Kentucky  troops,  were  three 
cavalry  regiments,  11th,  Col.  Milton  Gra- 
ham, 12th,  Maj.  Jas.  B.  Harrison,  13th, 
Col.  Jas.  W.  Weatherford,  and  five  of 
mounted  infantry,  Col.  Francis  N.  Alex- 
ander's 30th,  Col.  Cicero  Maxwell's  26th, 
Lieut.  Col.  W.  C.  Johnson's  53d,  Col. 
Harvey  M.  Buckley's  54th,  and  Lieut.  Col. 
Weden  O'Neal's  55th.  During  the  expedi- 
tion, the  battles  of  Clinch  river,  Marion 
and  SaUville  are  fought;  Lieut.  Col.  Wm. 
0.  Boyle,  11th  Ky.  cavalry,  a  remarkably 
gallant  officer,  only  19  years  old,  among 
the  killed,  at  Marion,  Dec.  18.  Dec.  20— 
lead  works  near  Wytheville  and  salt  works 
at  SaUville,  Gen.  Burbridge's  official  dis- 
patch says,  "  are  in  ruins  and  cannot  be 
repaired  during  the  war  ;"  but  the  Con- 
federate Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge  tele- 
graphs they  "  can  soon  be  repaired  ;  the 
enemy  are  being  pursued  ;  our  troops  are 
bearing  the  fatigue  and  exposure  with 
groat  cheerfulness  ;  many  bridges  and  de- 
pots on  the  railroad  have  been  burned." 
Official  reports  of  the  Federal  Ky.  regi- 
ments say  :  "  The  expedition  was  hazard- 
ous and  exhausting;"  the  53d  "sufi'ered 
much  from  the  excessive  cold,  and  the 
long  and  fatiguing  marches  ;"  the  11th 
"  suffered  terribly,  having  many  officers 
and  men  frost-bitten  and  rendered  unfit 
for  service ;"  the  54th  "  lost  many  men  by 
exposure  to  the  extreme  cold  weather." 

Dec.  9— Gen.  H.  B.  Lyon's  Confederate 
troops,  with  two  masked  batteries  on  the 
bank  of  the  Cumberland  river,  capture  the 
Thomas  E.  Tutt,  Ben.  South,  and  other 
steamers,  and  control  the  navigation. 

Dee.  11 — The  U.  S.  marshal  of  Ky.  con- 
fiscates, at  Louisville,  the  household  furni- 
ture and  theological  library  of  Rev.  John 
H.  Rice,  D.  D.,  in  1861  pastor  of  a  Pres- 
byterian church  there,  but  now  a  chaplain 
in  the  Confederate  army. 

Dec.  12— In  the  absence  of  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge  and  his  troops  from  the  state,  on  his 
second  expedition  to  the  salt  works  in  Vir- 
ginia, the  guerrillas  seem  to  have  undis- 
puted possession  of  a  large  portion  of  the 
state. 

Dec.  12— Garret  Davis,  of  Ky.,  intro- 
duces in  the  U.  S.  senate  a  series  of  reso- 
lutions for  the  restoration  of  peace  and  the 
Union  ;  proposing  to  refer  to  a  convention 
of  all  the  states,  as  a  basis  of  settlement, 
several  important  amendments  to  the  con- 
stitution. 

Dec.  13— Capt.  James  H.  Bridgewater, 
with  110  Ky.  state  troops,  reinforced  by 
40  Henry  co.  home  guards,  after  a  spirited 
engagement  near  Newcastle,  Henry  co., 
defeats  Col.  Geo.  M.  Jessee's  force,  which 
retreats  rapidly,  with  serious  loss. 

Dec.  17— Gen.  Burbridge  issues  an  order 
requiring  ferry  boats  plying  on  the  Ohio 
river  to  have  permits,  or  to  know  that  the 
owners  have  permits,  for  cattle,  produce, 
and  goods  crossing. 

Dec.  17  —  Gen.  Edward  M.  McCook's 
forces  overtake  Gen.    Lyon's  Confederate 


cavalry  at  Ashbridge,  McLean  CO.,  and 
after  a  sharp  engagement  defeat  and  put 
them  to  flight,  killing  a  number  and  cap- 
turing one  piece  of  artillery. 

Dec.  18— A  portion  of  Gen.  Lyon's  Con- 
federate cavalry  defeated  at  Hopkinsville, 
Christian  co.,  and  42  prisoners  taken. 

Dec.  19— President  Lincoln,  by  proc- 
lamation calls  out  300,000  more  troops. 

Dec.  19 — Only  4  newspapers  in  north- 
ern Ky.;  16  stopped  since  the  war  began. 

Deo.  20 — Confederate  conscript-law  be- 
ing enforced  by  Gen.  Lyon  in  western  Ky. 

Dec.  21 — Congress  passes  a  law  taxing 
all  whisky  manufactured  after  Jan  1,1865, 
$2  per  gallon  ;  the  stock  on  hand  then  is 
not  to  be  taxed. 

Dec.  23— Gen.  H.  B.  Lyon's  Confederate 
force  attacks  a  train  at  Nolin  station,  Har- 
din CO.,  having  200  Federal  soldiers  on 
board,  which  he  captures  after  a  spirited 

Dec.  23— Court  house  at  Camphellsville, 
Taylor  co.,  burnt  by  Gen.  Lyon's  Confed- 
erate troops,  after  removing  the  records 
and  papers  to  a  place  of  safety  ;  other 
outrages  committed. 

Dec.  23— Richard  Davis,  formerly  of 
Maysville,  executed  by  the  Federal  mili- 
tary at  Memphis,  Tenn.  He  was  famous 
as  a  Confederate  soldier,  then  as  a  guer- 
rilla and  bushwhacker;  made  a  confession 
to  a  priest,  admitted  he  had  killed  76 
"  Yankees,"  and  was  sorry  he  could  not 
live  to  kill  an  even  100. 

Dec.  23,  24— Gen.  Lyon's  Confederate 
troops  capture  the  garrison  at  Elizabeth- 
town,  Hardin  co.,  parole  the  men  (45), 
burn  the  stockade,  railroad  depot,  and  two 
bridges  ;  and  retreat  on  the  arrival  of  a 
Federal  detachment. 

Dec.  24— The  wife,  son  and  daughter  of 
Maj.  Gen.  Wm.  Preston,  C.  S.  A.,  arrive 
at  Boston  from  Europe,  on  steamer  Africa. 
The  U.  S.  war  department  refuse  them  per- 
mission to  go  by  rail  to  Canada,  or  even  to 
come  ashore  ;  they  must  remain  on  board, 
and  be  taken  back  to  Europe. 

Deo.  27 Hall,  of  Gentry's  guer- 
rillas, captured  on  yesterday  at  Floyds- 
burg,  Oldham  oo.,  is  publicly  shot  to  death 
by  a  guard  of  Federal  soldiers,  at  La- 
grange, Oldham  co. 

Dec.  28— Capt.  Basham  and  20  guerrillas 
dash  into  Hardinsburgh,  Breckinridge  co., 
capture  the  home-guard  arms  in  the  court 
house,  and  set  fire  to  that  and  other  build- 
ings. The  citizens  rally,  fire  upon  the  guer- 
rillas, kill  2,  wound  2,  drive  the  rest  from 
town,  and  save  the  buildings  from  the 
flames.  In  the  afternoon,  80  mounted  Con- 
federates under  Capt.  Simeon  Hanley,  H. 
Clay  Hodges,  and  Moses  Webster,  demand 
the  surrender  of  the  town,  saying  they 
would  respect  private  property.  The  citi- 
zens refuse  to  surrender  unless  allowed  also 
to  retain  the  public  arms,  as  their  only  pro- 
tection against  guerrillas — which  is  eon- 
ceded  by  the  Confederates,  who  repudiate 
all  connection  with  guerrillas.  They  re- 
main in  the  town  until  next  day,  in  a 
I  quiet  and  orderly  manner. 


1865. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


151 


1865,  Jan.  2— Goo.  D.  Prentice,  editor  of 
the  Louisville  Journal,  returns  to  Wash- 
ington city  from  Kiohmond,  Vn.  He  is 
under  parole  to  tell  nothing  of  what  he 
saw  in  the  capital  of  the  Confederate 
States ;  but  his  interposition  for  his  son 
was  successful. 

Jan.  —Gen.  H.  B.  Lyon's  Confederate 
forces,  on  their  way  out  of  the  state,  visit 
Burksville,  Cumberland  oo.,  burn  the 
court  house,  plunder  the  stores,  and  im- 
press horses. 

Jan.  4 — Adjourned  meeting  of  the  leg- 
islature. In  the  absence  of  the  presiding 
officer,  Lieut.  Gov.  Richard  T.  Jacob, 
(banished  by  Gen.  Burbridge  to  the  South- 
ern States),  John  B.  Bruner  is  elected 
speaker  pro  iem.  of  the  senate, 

Jan.  4— The  (Radical)  Union  state  con- 
vention in  session  at  Frankfort,  Judge 
Wm.  C.  Goodloe,  president.  Gen.  Thomas 
and  staff,  and  Gen.  Burbridge  and  staff, 
invited  to  seats  with  the  delegates.  Brevet 
Maj.  Gen.  S.  G.  Burbridge,  "  as  a  reward 
for  his  gallant  services  in  the  field,  and 
for  his  able  administration  of  the  affairs 
of  this  military  district,"  recommended  to 
the  president  for  appointment  as  Brig. 
Gen.  in  U.  S.  regular  army.  The  appear- 
ance of  Joshua  F.  Bullitt  in  his  seat 
chief  justice  of  Ky.,  under  the  notorious 
circumstances  existing  concerning  him, 
denounced  as  an  outrage  on  all  propriety, 
it  dem.nnds  the  notice  of  the  public  author- 
ities, both  Federal  and  state."  The  con- 
vention "approves  cordially  of  the  most 
rigorous  retaliatory  warfare  against  all 
guerrillas,  raiders,  and  predatory  bands  of 
assassins  and  robbers,  and  fully  endorses 
the  action  of  the  Federal  militiiry  author- 
ities in  the  discharge  of  these  duties."  It 
declares  in  favor  of  abolishing  slavery  fay 
an  amendment  to  the  national  constitu- 
tion. 

Jan.  4— In  the  Union  convention.  Gen. 
Burbridge  explains  that  Judge  Joshua  F. 
Bullitt's  return  to  Ky.  was  by  an  exchange 
of  prisoners  between  (Confederate)  Gen. 
Forrest  and  (Federal)  Gen.  Washburne ; 
that  *'  he  was  liable  to  re-arrest  on  his  re- 
turn to  Ky.,  ought  to  have  been  arrested 
and  hung,  and  would  have  been  arrested 
had  he  not  escaped.  Judge  B.  has  friends 
even  among  the  loyal  men  of  Louisville, 
who  talk  as  if  they  would  consent  to  all 
other  traitors  being  punished  except  Judge 
Bullitt." 

Jan.  6 — Radical  politicians  from  Ky. 
now  in  Washington  city  concur  in  asking 
the  President  to  appoint  Gen.  Benj.  F. 
Butler  to  the  command  in  Ky.,  in  case  ho 
removes  Gen.  Burbridge. 

Jan.  6— Gov.  Bramlette,  in  his  annual 
message  to  the  legislature,  recnpitulntes 
his  efforts  (by  a  personal  visit  to  Wash- 
ington to  confer  with  the  president  and 
secretary  of  war)  to  allay  excitement  and 
prevent  unlawful  acts  growing  out  of 
negro-recruiting:  they  agreeing  to  stop 
recruiting  or  drafting  in  each  county  as 
soon  as  its  quota  is  filled,  to  confine  re- 
cruiting to  the  regularly  appointed  officers 


for  that  service,  and  to  remove  the  recruited 
negroes  to  camps  of  instruction  outside  of 
the  state.  Gen.  Burbridge,  who  was  se- 
lected to  carry  out  these  agreements,  "in- 
stead of  doing  so,  adopted  the  most  offen- 
sive and  injurious  modes  of  violating 
them," "He  also  established  a  sys- 
tem of  trade  permits  in  violation  of  law 
and  to  the  detriment  of  the  public  inter- 
ests— which,  as  administered,  was  a  most 
shameful  and  corrupt  system  of  partisan 
political  corruption  and  oppression."  The 
governor  advises  the  legislature  "  to  col- 
lect the  facts,  showing  its  corrupt  use,  and 
present  them  to  the  national  authorities, 
in  such  form  as  to  secure  the  abolishme'nc 
and  future  prohibition  of  all  such  inter- 
ferences with  the  lawful  and  necessary 
trade  of  the  country." 

The  message  further  says  :  "An  attempt 
was  also  made,  under  cover  of  these  mili- 
tary trade  regulations,  through  the  Com- 
missary department,  to  perpetrate  a  most 
extensive  swindle  upon  the  farmers  of  Ky. 
in  the  purchase  of  their  hog  crop.  Under 
the  trade  orders  none  could  ship  or  drive 
to  market  without  a  permit ;  and  all  were 
prohibited  from  shipping  across  the  Ohio 
river — thus  closing  the  Cincinnati  and 
nther  markets  to  our  farmers.  The  buyers 
and  packers  at  Louisville  and  elsewhere 
were  warned  off,  under  threats  of  arrest 
and  confiscation,  etc.  Agents,  who  were 
assigned  to  this  wholesale  swindle,  went 
actively  to  work,  notifying  the  farmers 
that  the  government  had  determined  to 
take  their  hogs,  and  had  fixed  the  price 
which  they  must  take — a  price  greatly 
below  the  market  value.  To  have  a  stop 
put  to  this  swindle — which  was  being  c.ir- 
ried  on  through  the  Commissary  depart- 
ment, under  the  patronage  of  the  com- 
mandant of  the  district  of  Ky.  [Gen.  Bur- 
bridge]— I  sent  a  communication  to  the 
president,  borne  by  reliable  messengers,  to 
cxpl.ain  the  details  of  the  matter  of  my 
letter.  The  hog  swindle  was  promptly 
ended;  but  not  until  the  farmers  had  sus- 
tained losses  to  at  least  $300,000— yet  in 
time  to  save  them  the  loss  of  over  $1,000,- 
000.  It  is  due  to  the  honest  farmers  of 
the  state  that  you  collate,  or  provide  for 
so  doing,  the  facts  bearing  upon  this  at- 
tempted and  partially  executed  fraud,  and 
present  them  also  in  connection  with  the 
military  trade  regulations." 

"  The  gravest  matter  of  military  outrage 
has  been,  and  yet  is,  the  arrest,  imprison- 
ment, and  banishment  of  loyal  citizens 
without  a  hearing,  and  without  even  a 
knowledge  of  the  charges  against  them. 
There  have  been  a  number  of  this  class  of 
arrests,  merely  for  partisan  political  ven- 
geance, and  to  force  them  to  pal/  heavy  sums 
to  purchase  their  liberation.  How  the  spoils, 
so  infamously  extorted,  are  divided,  has  not 

transpired  to  the  public  information 

I  recommend  that  the  limitation  to  actions 
for  malicious  arrest  and  false  imprison- 
ment be  repealed,  or  so  modified  as  not  to 
begin  to  run  until  one  year  after  the  rebell- 
hall  be  suppressed."     He  further  rec- 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


ommenJs  Ibat  the  offense  of  causing  or 
procuring  sucii  arrests  and  imprisonments 
be  made  punishable  as  a  felony  or  high 
misdemeanor.  The  telegrams,  letters,  .fee, 
growing  out  of  the  arrests  of  Gen.  John 
B.  Huston,  Lieut.  Gov.  Richard  T.  Jacob, 
Col.  Frank  Wolford,  etc.,  and  also  the  re- 
port concerning  the  infamous  conduct  of 
Gen.    Eleazer    A.    Paine,   accompany  the 

The  message  shows  the  total  enrollment 
of  persons  liable  to  military  duty  in  Ky. 
to  be  133,493  ;  of  whom,  from  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war  to  Jan.  1,  1865,  76,335 
volunteers  were  furnished  to  the  U.  S. 
army— 61,417  white  and  14,918  colored 
troops.  Nearly  7,000  more  are  already 
recruited  under  the  recent  call,  and  some 
mustered  in,  but  no  rolls  yet  returned. 
Thousands  more  have  been  actively  em- 
ployed as  home  guards,  state  guards,  and 
state  forces. 

Tfaereportof  A.H.Buekner,commissioner 
to  investigate  the  defalcation  of  Thos.  S. 
Page,  late  auditor,  shows  the  total  defal- 
cation to  be  $88,927.  His  term  of  office 
extended  from  Feb.  28,  1839,  to  Dec.  31, 
1859,  nearly  21  years. 

Jan.  8 — President  Lincoln  sets  aside 
the  order  of  Dee.  17,  restricting  trade  with 
Ky.  Gen.  Burbridge's  adjutant  general 
denies  that  such  an  order  was  ever  issued. 

.Tan.  8 — Court  house  and  public  records 
at  Owensboro  burned,  by  guerrillas  under 
Davidson  and  Porter. 

Jan.  9— U.  S.  senate  passes  a  bill,  by 
27  to  10,  setting  free  the  families  of  slaves 
who  have  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  army. 

Jan.  9— President  Lincoln  has  called 
into  the  army,  since  the  commencement  of 
the  war,  3,258,846  men. 

Jan.  10— A  young  man  named  Allen,  of 
Todd  CO.,  of  Col.  Malone's  Confederate 
command,  captured  and  shot  to  death  by 
Federals,  in  Christian  co. — said  to  be  in 
retaliation  for  the  shooting  of  a  Federal 
soldier,  a  few  days  before,  near  the  same 
place,  by  Malone's  men. 

Jan.U — Gait  House  in  Louisville  burned 
early  this  morning ;  two  corpses  found  in 
the  ruins  ;  the  other  guests  escaped,  losing 
their  bagg.age  ;  loss  on  buildings  and  fur- 
niture $557,000,  insured  for  $231,000; 
guests  lose,  in  addition,  $1 00,000. 

Jan.  11— Gold  in  New  York  219. 

Jan.  11 — James  Guthrie  elected  by  the 
legislature  U.  S.  senator  for  six  years  from 
March  4,  1865:  Guthrie  65,  Lovell  H. 
Rousseau  66,  Wm.  0.  Butler  2,  John  B. 
Huston  3,  L.  Watson  Andrews  1. 

Jan.  11 — Gov.  Bramlette,  in  a  special 
message,  calls  attention  of  the  legislature 
to  a  telegram  just  received  from  the  "  gen- 
eral commanding"  [His  name  is  not  men- 
tioned, either  in  the  dispatch  or  in  the 
message,  but  it  evidently  is  the  act  of  Gen. 
Burbridge,]  directing  "  immediate  stops 
for  the  muster  out  of  the  state  troops, 
in  compliance  with  the  orders  from  the 
war  department."  The  governor  declares 
his  "purpose  to  go  forward  and  encourage 
the  organization  of  companies  for  one  year 


state  service,  under  the  act  approved  Feb. 
20,  1864  ;  but  the  commandant  of  the  dis- 
trict prohibits  this  being  done This 

malevolent  opposition  to  the  employment 
of  the  necessary  means  for  defense  of  the 
citizens  of  the  state,  and  this  unwarrant- 
able assumption  of  control  over  the  civil 
authorities  of  the  state,  and  the  f/or(  htj 
military  threats  to  nullify  a  law  of  the  atnte, 
should  be  ended."  He  recommends  the 
appointment  of  a  legislative  committee  to 
go  and  see  President  Lincoln  upon  the 
subject. 

Jan.  12— The  special  report  of  Wm.  T. 
Samuels,  state  auditor,  shows  the  total 
debt  of  the  state,  chargeable  on  the  sink- 
ing fund,  $5,284,037,  and  the  annual  in- 
terest thereon  $299,765.  The  commission- 
ers of  the  sinking  fund  had  on  deposite  in 
New  York,  Dec.  1,  1864,  bearing  interest, 
$570,223,  and  $446,969  additional  cash 
assets.  The  par  value  of  the  slackwater 
navigation  and  turnpike  stocks  is  $4,830,- 
475,  and  of  the  bank  and  railroad  stocks 
$1,562,819  ;  the  present  value  of  the  former 

The  report  of  C.  D.  Pennebaker,  state 
agent  at  Washington  city,  shows  that  of 
$475,000  paid  by  Ky.  to  troops  on  pay- 
rolls, $66,678  is  yet  unrefunded  by  the 
general  government ;  and  of  $2,246,400 
paid  by  Ky.  for  quartermaster's  stores  and 
commissary  supplies,  $1,195,400  is  yet  due 
and  unsettled. 

Jan.  12  —  Francis  P.  Blair,  sen.,  of 
Washington  city — in  his  younger  days  a 
leading  editor  at  Frankfort,  Ky. — of  his 
own  suggestion  visits  Jefferson  Davis,  pres- 
ident of  the  Confederate  States,  at  Rich- 
mond, and  initiates  the  movement  which 
results  in  a  peace-conference,  Feb.  3,  in 
Hampton  Roads  on  board  the  U.  S.  steamer 
River  Queen — between  President  Lincoln 
and  Wm.  H.  Seward,  his  secretary  of  state, 
and  on  the  side  of  the  South,  Alex.  H. 
Stephens,  vice  president,  R.  M.  T.  Hunter 
and  J.  A.  Campbell. 

Jan.  12 — Action  in  Lawrence  co.,  be- 
tween guerrillas  and  a  detachment  of  39th 
Ky.;  several  killed  or  wounded. 

Jan.  — Maj.  Gen.  John  C.  Breckin- 
ridge appointed  secretary  of  war  in  the 
Confederate  States  cabinet,  vice  Jas.  A. 
Sedden,  resigned. 

Jan.  13— Maj.  Walker  Taylor  tenders 
his  services,  and  those  of  his  Confederate 
soldiers,  to  protect  the  citizens  of  Hardins- 
burg,  Breckinridge  co.,  from  the  outrages 
of  guerrillas.  They  are  accepted,  and  he 
co-operates  with  the  home  guards. 

Jan.  14— Gen.  Walter  C.  AVhitaker  and 
Wm.  Sampson,  from  the  senate,  and  Dr. 
Joshua  Barnes,  Alfred  Allen,  and  Joshua 
F.  Bell,  from  the  house  of  representatives, 
appointed  a  committee  to  visit  President 
Lincoln  in  person,  and  lay  before  him  the 
present  disturbed  condition  of  Ky. 

Jan.  —The  people  of  Ky.,  with  only 
one  twenty-seventh  of  the  population  of 
the  United  States,  pay  one-sixth  of  the 
direct  revenue. 

Jan.  15 — It  now  appears  that  when  Gon. 


1865 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


153 


Burbriilge  issued  his  "hog  order"  of  Oct. 
28,  1864,  [see  ante,  p.  144],  Maj.  Syraonds 
"  selected  the  following  agents  for  the  dis- 
tricts designated:  1.  C.  T.  Worley ;  2.  E. 
H.  Burnside;  3.  I.  S.  Todd;  4.  Vene  P. 
Armstrong;  5.  B.  H.  Bristow  :  6.  A.  W. 
Holeman."  Nov.  14lh,  C.  T.  Worley 
issued  a  handbill  at  Lexington,  announcing 
that  he  "had  been  appointed  government 
agent  for  the  purchase  of  all  the  hogs  in 
the  counties  of  Woodford,  Jessamine,  Fay- 
ette, Clark,  Madison,  Montgomery,  Bath, 
Bourbon,  Scott,  Harrison  and  Nicholas; 
that,  by  order  of  Maj.  Symonds,  U.  S. 
commissary  at  Louisville,  no  hogs  will  be 
allowed  to  be  taken  out  of  the  district  by  any 
one  hul  his  [Worley's]  agents  ;  that  his 
agents  are  authorized  to  pay,  for  all  good 
merchantable  hogs  weighing  200  pounds 
and  upwards,  $8  per  hundred,  if  delivered  at 
the  neighborhood  scales,  or  $9  if  delivered 
at  the  yovertiment  pens  in  Louisville  ;  that 
the  cash  will  be  paid  by  him,  at  Lexinyton, 
upon  the  presentation  of  the  agent's  re- 
ceipts for  the  hogs." 

It  also  appears  that  only  about  60,000 
hogs  were  purchased  by  Maj.  Symond's 
agents — at  an  average  loss  to  the  farmer, 
compared  with  the  prices  paid  elsewhere, 
of  $5  per  head,  or  $300,000,  as  stated  in 
Gov.  Bramlette's  annual  message,  Jan.  4. 
Great  indignation  is  felt,  all  over  the  state, 
[except  in  the  Legislature,  which  took  no 
notice  of  the  governor's  recommendation,] 
at  the  "swindle,"— not  only  at  the  mili- 
tary authorities  who  used  their  power  and 
threats  to  carry  it  out,  but  at  the  private 
individuals  who  were  suspected,  or  more 
than  suspected,  of  "  sharing  in  the  spoils 
of  the  plunder." 

Jan.  16— The  auditor  reports  4,568  sheep 
killed  by  dogs,  and  their  value  $12,176,  in 

1864.      The'  remaining  90  counties  made 

Jan.  18— Death,  near  Frankfort,  of  Rev. 
David  C.  Proctor,  aged  69,  a  Presbyterian 
minister,  at  one  time  president  of  Centre 
College. 

Jan.  18— Capt.  Edwin  Terrell  and  13 
men  have  a  desperate  fight  with  guerrillas, 
killing  3,  near  New  Haven,  Nelson  co. 

Jan.  20— Fight  at  West  Point,  Hardin 
CO.,  between  the  citizens  and  guerrillas 
under  Ben.  Wiggington ;  \V.  was  badly 
wounded. 

Jan.  20— Nathaniel  Marks,  of  Grayson, 
Carter  co.,  a  Confederate  soldier  of  Co.  A, 
10th  Ky.l  executed  at  Louisville;  he  was 
condemned  as  a  guerrilla,  by  a  military 
commission  ;  he  protested  his  innocence,  to 
the  last. 

Jan.  20  —  Legislature,  by  resolution, 
provides  for  the  removal  of  the  remains  of 
the  two  pioneers,  John  Finley  and  Simon 
Kenton,  to  the  cemetery  at  Frankfort. 
[Never  carried  out.] 

Jan.  20— Maj.  Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas 
issues  an  order,  in  substance,  that  all  de- 
serters from  the  rebel  army  who  reside  in 
Ky.,  will  be  allowed  to  take  the  amnesty 
oath  and  go  to  their  homes — if  they  first 


report  at  Nashville,  and  furnish  satisfac- 
tory evidence  of  intention  to  become  peace- 
able citizens. 

Jan.  21 — Near  Bruce's  Mills,  Hopkins 
CO.,  Capt.  Sam.  Taylor's  Confederate  sol- 
diers, in  a  brisk  skirmish,  wound  3  and 
capture  11  Federal  soldiers,  the  rest  escap- 
ing. 

Jan.  21 — Legislature  increases  the  fees 
of  clerks  of  courts,  county  judges,  jus- 
tices of  the  peace,  sheriffs,  constables,  and 

other  oflBcers 28— Offices    of  public 

administrator    and   guardian    established. 

31— Tax    levied    upon    dogs,  of  $1 

each— for  benefit  of  common  school  fund  ; 
and  owners  made  responsible  for  all  dam- 
ages by  dogs. 

Jan.  21— Rev.  Chas.  W.  Forman,  mis- 
sionary of  the  Presbyterian  church  to 
Northern  India,  formerly  of  Washington, 
Mason  co.,  declines  the  degree  of  D.  D., 
conferred  on  him,  last  June,  by  Centre 
College. 

Jan.  23  —  A  special  auditor's  report 
shows  the  valuation  of  taxable  property 
in  Ky.  for  the  years  named,  (except  for 
the  11  counties  of  Breathitt,  Calloway, 
Floyd,  Fulton,  Graves,  Letcher,  Morgan, 
Perry,  Pike,  Wayne,  and  Wolfe,  which 
made  no  returns  for  1864.) 
Years.        Valuation.       Increase.       Decrease, 


1S64.. 


4i;4,472,(l.-i6 

.  3.1l,5li2,3.'iO 

.  36>l,.il5,M3 $18 

.  373,129,756 5 


1,213  . 


Jan.  24  —  A  special  auditor's  report 
shows  that  $570,000  in  gold  coin  and  $30,- 
000  in  silver  coin  received  by  the  state  in 
part  of  her  dividend  from  the  Southern 
Bank  of  Ky.,  in  liquidation,  sold,  between 
March  1  and  April  1,  1864,  at  50  per  cent, 
premium  for  the  silver,  and  68@69J4  pre- 
mium for  the  gold  ;  producing  in  all  $973,- 
080,  or  an  average  premium  of  62>^. 

Jan.  25— A  Federal  scout  of  16,  near 
Mt.  Eden,  Spencer  co.,  rout  some  guer- 
rillas, killing  1 ;  they  also  capture  1,  and 
execute  him  on  the  spot. 

Jan. 25 — Guerrillas  have  recently  burned 
the  court  houses  at  Albany,  Clinton  co.,  at 
Marion,  Crittenden  co.,  and  at  Taylors- 
ville,  Spencer  co. 

Jan.  27 — Military  prison  at  Louisville 
destroyed  by  fire  ;  30  sick  and  wounded 
"rebel"  prisoners  escape;  one,  John  A. 
Moore,  is  burned  to  death. 

•Jan.  27 — 5  guerrillas,  with  one-armed 
Lieut.  Berry  at  their  bead,  hold  in  check 
for  20  minutes,  30  Federal  soldiers,  near 
Bardstown,  Nelson  co. 

Jan.  28 — 18  Federal  home  guards  go 
into  Bloomfield,  Nelson  co.,  and  are  plun- 
dering the  stores  ;  when  60  guerrillas  un- 
der Sue  Munday  and  Magruder  dash  into 
the  town  and  attack  them,  killing  17. 

Jan.  28— Publication  of  the  Lexington 
Observer  &  Reporter  resumed,  by  the  "  06- 
server  &  Reporter  Printing  Co.;"  subscrip- 
tion price  of  semi-weekly  increased  to  $5, 
and  of  weekly  to  $3.  It  had  been  sus- 
pended since  Oct.  29,  just  3  months,  by 
the  refusal  of  the  "  Board  of  Trade  "  Jno. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


B.  Wilgus,  president,  to  grant  a  permit  to 
purchase  printing  paper  and  ink;  "ac- 
cording to  instructions  to  the  Board,  they 
could  not  grant  a  permit."  The  veteran 
editor,  D.  Cnrmichael  Wickliffe,  relates 
the  circumstances,  and  adds:  "This  looks 
as  if  these  men  intended  to  use  their 
power  fiT  the  suppression  of  the  paper, 
for  reasons  known  to  themselves  ;  it  re- 
mained suspended  until  the  whole  system 
of  trade  regulations,  with  the  boards  of 
trade  themselves,  (which  hung  like  the  pall 
of  (iea<A  upon  the  business  of  this  city,) 
were  swept  out  of  existence  by  the  same 
hand  that  created  them." 

Jan.  29— Skirmish  at  Bardstown,  Nel- 
son CO.,  between  a  detachment  of  Col. 
Buckley's  64th  Ky.  (Federal)  and  Sue 
Munday's  guerrillas  ;  latter  repulsed. 

Jan.  29—40  Confederate  soldiers,  Capt. 
Clark's  4th  Mo.  cavalry,  make  a  raid  on 
Danville,  Boyle  co.  Brig.  Gen.  S.  S.  Fry 
and  provost  marshal  AVm.  Goodloe  make 
"'double-quick   on   horseback"    to    Camp 


-Capt.    Jas.    H.    Bridgewater, 
troops,  overtakes  13  of  Capt. 


Nels 

Jan. 
with  45 

Clark's  Confederates 5  miles  from 
burg,  Mercer  co.,  kills  2,  wounds  4,  and 
takes  5  or  6  prisoners. 

Jan.  30— The  Louisville  Journal  pub- 
lishes a  letter  from  Lieut..Gov.  Richard  T. 
Jacob — who  has  just  returned  to  Ky.,  via 
Kichmond,  Va.,  and  Washington  city, 
from  his  forced  exile  to  the  South.  He 
says  he  was  arrested,  Nov.  11,  at  his  coun- 
try home,  on  the  Ohio  river,  25  miles  above 
Louisville,  by  order  of  Gen.  Burbridge, 
but  at  the  instance  of  Rev.  Dr.  Robert  J. 
Breckinridge,  "  for  the  latter's  revenge,  not 
patriotism."  [His  invective  against  the 
two,  as  "  master  and  tool,"  authors  "  of 
the  most  intolerable  suffering  in  Ky.,"  is 
one  of  the  most  merciless  and  scathing  in 
the  history  of  Kentucky  politics  and  per- 
sonalities.] "  He  was,  by  order  of  Gen. 
Burbridge,  carried  under  strict  guard,  and 
expelled  through  the  Federal  lines— under 
penalty  of  death  if  he  returned  before  the 
war  was  over."  He  refused  "  to  accept 
any  thing  but  unconditional  release — he 
would  perish  in  exile  first."  Feb.  4,  he 
appeared  in  the  senate,  as  speaker  of  that 
body,  and  delivered  a  thrilling,  indignant 
and  patriotic  address — which,  by  19  to  9, 
was  ordered  spread  upon  the  journal,  and 
1,000    copies   printed  for  the  use  of  sen- 

Feb.  1,  2— In  the  state  senate,  J.  D. 
Landrum  makes  two  separate  efforts  to 
have  so  much  of  the  governor's  message 
and  documents  as  relates  to  the  conduct 
of  Lucien  Anderson  and  other  citizens  at 
Paducah  referred  to- a  select  committee,- 
but  the  senate  laid  both  resolutions  on  the 
table.  In  the  house,  a  similar  effort  failed 
twice  ;  and  on  the  third  effort,  the  resolu- 
tions were  ordered  to  be  printed,  but  re- 
ceived no  further  attention. 

Feb.  2—25  guerrillas  under  Capts.  Sue 
Munday  [i.  c.  Jerome  Clarke]  and  Quan- 
trill  dash  into  Midway,  Woodford  co.,  rob 


the  citizens,  and  burn  the  railroad  depot ; 
thence  visit  the  farm  of  R.  Aitcheson 
Alexander,  robbing  him  of  15  fine  blooded 
horses. 

Feb.  5 — In  a  note  to  the  Lexington 
Unionist,  Gen.  Burbridge  denies  that  Rev. 
Dr.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge  had  anything 
to  do  with  the  arrest  of  Lieut.  Gov.  Jacob; 
he  alone  is  responsible  for  the  act. 

Feb.  7— Of  1,663  Kentuckians  in  Camp 
Douglas,  Chicago,  as  Confederate  prison- 
ers of  war,  241  refuse  to  be  "  exchanged" 
and  go  back  into  the  service  ;  the  others 
are  to  be  sent  off  to  be  exchanged. 

Feb.  7— By  act  of  the  legislature,  taxes 
hereafter  are  to  be  paid  to  the  sheriff  at 
the  county  seat ;  if  not,  he  is  authorized 
to  collect  10  per  cent,  additional  tax,  and 
retain  it  for  his  compensation Com- 
mon school  law  amended 9 — Tax  of 

50  cents  per  share  to  be  paid  by  all  Na- 
tional Banks,  same  as  other  banks 

10 — If  no  officers  authorized  to  grant  mar- 
riage license  in  the  county  where  female 
intending  marriage  resides,  license  may  be 

obtained   in    adjoining   county 14 — 

County  courts  may  increase  the  poll  tax  to 
$2 Railroads  from  Louisville  to  Lex- 
ington   authorized    to    charge    increased 

rates,   10   per   cent 22— Substitute 

brokers  taking  substitutes  out  of  this  state 
may  be  fined  $1,000  and  imprisoned  one 

year Ky.  banks  deprived  of  the  right 

to  issue  bank  notes  for  3  years,  but  allowed 

other    privileges Increased    salaries 

allowed  state  officers  and  their  clerks 

23 — Salaries    of  circuit  judges    raised    to 

$2,000 24 — Common  pleas  court  for 

Jefferson  co.  established $S2,960  ap- 
propriated to  complete  buildings  of  West- 
ern   Lunatic  Asylum Compensation 

of  public  printer  and  public  binder  in- 
creased 33^  per  cent Salary  of  super- 
intendent of  public  instruction  raised  to 

$1,700  and  that  of  his  clerk  to  $700 

27 — Further  provisions  about  state  agent 
at  Washington  city,  and  his  salary  raised 

to  $4, 000 Governor  to  appoint  agents 

to  visit  and  aid  sick  and  wounded  soldiers 

of  Ky Sale  of  tobacco  in  Louisville 

further  regulated Several  acts  to  re- 
lieve the  inconvenience  of  no  courts  being 
held,  owing  to  the  war,  in  some  counties. 

Feb.  7— Gov.  Bramlette  transmits  to  the 
legislature  for  action  the  joint  resolution 
of  congress  proposing,  as  an  amendment 
to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
ARTICLE  XIII.  . 
Sec.  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary 
servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for 
crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been 
duly  convicted,  shall  exist  within  the 
United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to 
their  jurisdiction. 

Sec.  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to 
enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legis- 
lation.    [Approved  Feb.  1,  1865.] 

The  governor's  message,  while  not  in 
terms  recommending  its  ratification,  ably 
reasons  in  favor  of  it;  suggesting  "that, 
as  England,  in  the  act  of  1833  abolishing 
slavery,  appropriated  £20,000,000  [nearly 


1865. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


155 


$100,000,000]  to  compensate  the  owners- 
it  cannot  be  that  our  government  wiil  be 
less  just,  if  we  accept  the  amendment  upon 
condition  that  the  assessed  value  of  1864 
be  paid  to  the  state  to  compensate  owners 
who  are  to  be  affected  by  the  proposed 
amendment.  Our  slave  property  was  as- 
sessed for  taxation  in  1860,  before  the  war 
began,  at  $107,494,527.  In  1863,  the  effect 
of  rebellion  and  unfriendly  legislation  re- 
duced the  valuation  to  $57,511,770;  and 
in  1864  to  $34,179,246." 

In  the  senate,  Feb.  20,  Henry  D.  Mo- 
Henry  made  t  majority  report  from  the 
judiciary  committee,  in  favor  of  rejecting 
Article  XIII.  John  F.  Fisk  moved  a  sub- 
stitute and  resolutions  ratifying  said  Ar- 
ticle, and  "  requesting  our  senators  and 
representatives  in  congress  to  urge  that 
compensation  for  losses  in  slave  property 
be  made  to  lot/at  men  who  have  not  partici- 
pated in  the  rebellion,  nor  given  it  aid  and 
comfort — said  rebellion  and  the  measures 
necessary  for  its  suppression  having  prac- 
tically destroyed  property  in  slaves." 
Jas.  F.  Robinson  made  a  minority  report, 
with  resolutions  ratifying  Article  XIII, 
upon  the  payment  by  the  United  States  to 
the  state  of  Kentucky,  for  the  use  of  its 
citizens,  owners  of  slaves,  of  $36,530,496— 
the  assessed  value  in  1864 — as  compensa- 
tion for  all  claims  for  value  of  slaves  en- 
listed or  drafted  into  the  U.  S.  army,  and 
for  all  other  claims  growing  out  of  the 
labor  and  service  of  their  slaves  ;  provid- 
ing, further,  that  all  laws  concerning 
slaves  shall  be  repealed,  and  thenceforth 
they  shall  have  all  the  rights,  responsi- 
bilities, and  privileges  of  free-born  colored 
persons ;  that  they  shall  remove  from  the 
state  within  10  years  after  their  emanci- 
pation is  perfected  ;  and  the  state  of  Ky. 
will  accept  said  sum  as  in  full  of  all  values 
and  liabilities,  and  sacredly  distribute  it 
according  to  the  just  claims  of  slave  own- 
ers. The  majority  report  was  adopted,  by 
21  to  13. 

In  the  house,  Feb.  11,  E.  H.  Smith,  of 
Grant  co.,  offered  resolutions  submitting 
the  question  of  ratification  to  a  vote  of  the 
people  next  August.  Wm.  R.  Kinney 
offered  the  same  resolution  as  that  of  .Mr. 
risk  in  the  senate.  Feb.  1 7,  Jas.  F.  Lauck 
offered  resolutions  in  favor  of  rejection, 
which  were  adopted,  Feb.  23,  by  56  to  28. 

Gov.  Bramlette,  March  1,  sent  a  mes- 
sage to  the  legislature,  saying  he  regarded 
its  .action  as  complete  without  his  ap- 
proval ;  but  expressing  his  opinion  that 
the  rejection  now  only  remits  the  question 
to  the  next  and  each  succeeding  legisla- 
ture until  ratification  shall  take  place. 

Feb.  8— By  order  of  the  V.  S.  war  de- 
partment. Gen.  Burbridge  revokes  his  own 
order  of  Feb.  6,  to  disband  the  Ky.  state 
troops    being    raised   for  defense    against 

Feb.  10— $98,917  appropriated  for  build- 
ings and  improvements  in  the  peniten- 
tiary ;  of  which,  $53,293  for  a  workshop, 
$18,323  for  a  chapel  and  dining-room, 
$4,452   for   a     smoke-house,  '$11,000    for 


steam  heating  apparatus,  and  $11,848  for 
steam  engine,  boilers,  ic. 

Feb.  10— The  Louisville  Journal,  of  this 
morning,  has  this  announcement:  "  Maj. 
Gen.  John  M.  Palmer,  of  III.,  has  been 
appointed  to  command  in  Ky.  Thank 
God  and  President  Lincoln  1" 

Feb.  16— Gold  in  New  York  204}^. 

Feb.  20— The  legislature  invites  Maj. 
Gen.  John  M.  Palmer,  the  new  military 
commandant  of  the  state,  to  occupy  the 
hall  of  the  house  of  representatives  from 
11  to  12,  this  A.  M.,  to  enable  the  members 
and  others  to  pay  their  personal  respects 
to  him  ;  and  afterwards  adopts  a  hand- 
some resolution  of  welcome  to  him. 

Feb.  20 — Capt.  Bates  and  some  Grayson 
CO.  home  guards  attack  a  camp  of  guer- 
rillas near  Hartford,  Ohio  Co.,  .nnd  after  a 
brisk  skirmish  kill  6,  wound  4,  and  dis- 
perse the  balance ;  home  guards  lose  1 
killed  and  1  wounded. 

Feb.  21— Wm.  Hughes,  with  15  guer- 
rillas, captures  and  burns  a  freight  train 
on  the  Lebanon  branch  railroad  in  Ma- 

Feb.  21 — Guerrillas  burn  the  court  house 
at  Hodgenville,  Larue  eo,;  because  it  had 
been  used  as  a  barracks  for  Federal  soldiers. 

Feb.  22— Col.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge, 
jr.,  of  the  Confederate  army,  captured, 
near  Versailles,  Woodford  co.  On  his 
person  was  found  an  order  from  Maj.  Gen. 
John  C.  Breckinridge,  dated  Wytheville, 
Tenn.,  Jan.  6,  commanding  all  persons  in 
Ky.  upon  Confederate  lecruiting  service  to 
report  immediately  to  Col.  B.  and  obey  his 
orders ;  those  failing  to  do  this,  "  will  be 
at  once  reported  to  the  military  authori- 
ties in  Ky.  as  not  recognized  by  the  Confed- 
erate government,  and  not  entitled,  if  cap- 
tured, to  be  treated  an  prisonerit  of  war." 

Feb.  22— Gen.  Palmer,  by  general  orders 
No.  2,  "  in  accordance  with  directions 
from  the  war  department,  relieves  Brevet 
Maj.  Gen.  Stephen  G.  Burbridge  from  the 
command  of  the  district  of  Ky." — order- 
ing him  to  report  to  Gen.  Thomas  at  Nash- 
ville, for  duty  in  the  field. 

Feb.  22— The  legislative  committee  ap- 
pointed to  go  and  see  President  Lincoln 
and  his  secretary  of  war  E.  M.  Stanton, 
report  in  substance  that  they  saw  and 
consulted  with  them,  and  at  their  request 
laid  before  them  in  writing  the  commit- 
tee's plans  and  propositions  for  putting 
down  the  guerrillas,  Mr.  Stanton  prom- 
ised to  "  think  about  it,"  "and  it  is  pre- 
sumed that  the  plans  of  the  president  and 
secretary  of  war  are  committed  to  Gen, 
Palmer  for  execution." 

Feb.  22— The  act  establishing  an  Agri- 
cultural College  in  Ky. — which  passed  the 
senate  by  20  to  10,  and  the  house  by  64  to 
19  —  provides  for  its  establishment  in  or. 
near  Lexington,  as  a  college  of  Kentucky 
University  ;  "  its  leading  object  to  teach 
such  branches  of  learning  as  are  related  to 
agriculture  and  the  mechanical  arts,  in- 
cluding military  tactics,  without  exclud- 
ing other  scientific  and  classical  studies  ;" 
a  model  farm,  *'  whereon  the  student  may 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1865 


be  ennbled  to  earn  his  support  while  being 
educated,  in  whole  or  in  part,  by  his  labor 
and  industry  ;"  "  in  the  appointment  of 
professors,  instructors,    and  other  officers 


its,  no  partiality  < 


referi 


lion  over  another,  nor  shall  a  majority  of 
the  professors  belong  to  the  same  religious 
denomination  ;"  "  nor  shall  anything  sec- 
tarian be  taught  therein  ;"  all  the  income 
of  the  fund  from  the  sale  of  the  land  scrip 
donated  by  congress  shall  be  used  for  the 
proper  expenses  of  this  college  and  farm  : 
the  governor  and  senate  shall  appoint,  ev- 
ery two  years,  a  board  of  six  visitors  ;  each 
representative  district  [100  in  all]  shall  be 
entitled  to  send  to  said  college  free  of 
charge,  one  properly  prepared  pupil,  (and 
3  from  each  district,  300  in  all,  whenever 
the  whole  of  said  land  scrip  shall  be  sold 
and  invested)— said  right  to  free  tuition 
extending  to  every  college  or  class  in  Ky. 
University,  except  those  of  law  and  med- 
icine ;  said  pupils  to  be  selected  by  the 
majority  of  justices  of  the  peace  in  each 
representative  district.  The  legislature 
"  reserves  the  right  to  modify  and  repeal 
at  pleasure  so  much  of  this  act  as  refers  to 
the  establishment  of  the  agricultural  and 
mechanical  college."  [This  was  based  upon 
a  merging  or  consolidation  of  Transylva- 
nia University— its  buildings  and  property 
of  over  $100,000  in  value,  and  its  cash 
funds  of  $59,000,  yielding  over  $3,500  an- 
nual income — into  or  with  Ky.  University, 
now  at  Harrodsburg,  with  a  cash  endow- 
ment of  $200,000  and  annual  income  of 
about  $12,000  ;  but  to  be  removed  to  Lex- 
ington, and  to  raise  $100,000  additional, 
to  purchase  a  farm  and  erect  buildings 
and  improvements  to  carry  out  the  Act. 
Feb.  28 — The  legislature  provides  for  the 
sale  of  the  land  scrip,  by  the  commission- 
ers of  the  sinking  fund,  and  the  invest- 
ment of  the  proceeds  in  Ky.,  or  U.  S. 
bonds — the  annual  interest  to  be  paid  over 
to  the  Agricultural  College.  Another  Act 
consolidates  the  two  universities  ;  and  pro- 
vides that  Ky.  University  is  bound  to  re- 
fund to  the  citizens  of  Mercer  co.,  who  may 
claim  it,  the  scholarships  and  coupons  sub- 
scribed by  them.  Paris  and  Bourbon  co. 
had  made  a  handsome  proposition  to  se- 
cure the  Agricultural  College  fund,  which 
secured  9  votes  in  the  senate ;  the  offer  of 
Ky.  University  was  much  more  liberal, 
and  therefore  successful.] 

Feb.  23 — From  official  documents  it  ap- 
pears that  nearly  7,000  men  who  were 
drafted,  in  1864,  in  Ky.,  failed  to  report, 
and  are  now  considered  deserters. 

Feb.  25— Several  farms  within  5  miles 
of  Lexington  sold  at  auction  at  prices 
ranging  from  $110  to  $135^  per  acre. 

Feb.  25— Gen.  Palmer  encourages  de- 
serters from  the  Confederate  army,  by  an 
order  that  all  such  now  in  Ky.  or  who  may 
come  into  Ky.  shall  report  to  the  county 
provost  marshal  and  be  registered— there- 
by renouncing  further  connection  with  the 
Confederate  government  and  becoming  en- 
titled to  U.  S.  military  protection. 


Feb.  27 — President  Lincoln  signs  the 
bill  introduced  into  the  U.  S.  senate  by 
Gov.  Powell,  of  Ky. —  which  passed  the 
senate  by  a  large  majority,  and  the  house 
of  representatives  by  113  to  19 — to  pre- 
vent military  interference  with  elections; 
the  penalties    for    violation    are   very  se- 

Feb.  28— The  Frankfort  Commonwealth, 
the  great  central  organ  of  the  Radical 
Union  party  in  Ky.,  defends  President 
Lincoln  and  secretary  of  war  Edwin  M. 
Stanton  for  placing  Maj.  Gen.  Palmer  in 
command  of  the  department  of  Ky.,  in 
the  room  of  Gen.  Burbridge  ;  and  reads  a 
sound  lecture  to  "  certain  gentlemen  in 
and  around  Lexington,  who  claim  to  be 
the  exclusive  Radical  Party  in  Ky.,  and 
who  seem  to  think  that  Gen.  Burbridge 
can  do  no  wrong — particularly  when  he  is 
aided   in   his    administration    of  military 

affairs  in  Ky.,  by  their  sage  advice." 

"  Mr.  Lincoln  either  had  to  change  his 
commander  here,  or  give  the  whole  of  his 
time  to  the  management  of  Ky.  affairs. 
To  give  a  few  illustrations  :  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge issued  a  general  order,  during  last 
summer,  requiring  all  the  people  of  Ky. 
to  obtain  Permits  from  Boards  of  Trade, 
appointed  in  each  congressional  district. 
Every  person  in  Ky.  knows  how  exceed- 
ingly oppressive  this  order  was  upon  the 
great  mass  of  the  people,  and  how  very 
few  did  and  could  avail  themselves  of  its 
benefits.  Hundreds — we  may  say  thou- 
sands of  persons  had  paid  to  the  Revenue 
Collectors  in  Ky.  a  license  tax  to  transact, 
for  twelve  months,  a  particular  kind  of 
business,  who  were  refused  a  permit  by 
these  boards  of  trade.  Was  this  right? 
Was  it  just?  President  Lincoln  did  not 
think  it  either  right  or  just,  and  gave 
directions  to  Gen.  Burbridge  that  it  should 
be  discontinued.  When  Maj.  Symonds, 
backed  by  Gen.  Burbridge,  issued  the  cel- 
ebrated hog  order  in  Oct.  —  commonly 
known  as  the  "Great  Hog  Swindle"  in 
Ky. — President  Lincoln  did  not  know  that 
such  an  order  was  in  existence,  nor  that 
the  people  were  being  swindled,  in  the 
name  of  the  general  government,  out  of  from 
$2:50  to  $4  for  each  100  pounds  of  their 
pork.  But  when  the  President  did  under- 
stand this,  he  immediately  directed  Gen. 
Burbridge  to  revoke  the  order,  and  let  the 
people  sell  to  whom  they  pleased  and  for 
what  prices  they  could  obtain.  By  the 
way,  how  much  pork  did  the  general  gov- 
ernment obtain,  under  this  general  order 
of  Maj.  Symonds  and  Gen.  Burbridge?" 
The  Commonwealth  further  instances  the 
arrest  of  Col.  AVolford  and  Lieut.  Gov. 
Jacob — both  of  whom  the  President  re- 
leased. 

Feb.  28 — Maj.  Hamilton's  command  at 
Hawesville  and  Cloverport  rout  the  guer- 
rilla band  of  Davison  and  Magruder,  badly 
wounding  the  latter. 

March  1  —  Legislature  authorizes  the 
building  of  turnpikes  of  less  th.^n  6  miles, 
the  tolls  to  be  in  proportion  to  the  distance 
traveled 2 — Any  school  district  may 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


157 


levy  a  special  school  tax,  for  building,  re- 
jiairing  or  furnishing  a  school  house,  pay- 
ing a  teacher,  or  other  school  object 

4— Increase  of  tax  for  the  ordinary  ex- 
penses of  government,  5  cents  on  each  $100 
of  taxable  property Justices  in  Jef- 
ferson and  Kenton  counties  to  have  orig- 
inal common  law  jurisdiction  to  $100,  and 

equity  jurisdiction  to  $30 The  bank 

notes  of  the  Southern  Bank  of  Ky.  (now 
in  liquidation,  by  law)  no  longer  to  circu- 
late as  money,  but  to  be  treated  as  prom- 
issory notes Militia  law  altered  and 

re-enacted Governor   to   appoint   a 

committee  to  inquire  into  the  iniquities 
and  abuses  of  the  boards  of  trade  sys- 
tem  Chief  justice  Joshua  F.  Bullitt 

summoned  for  trial  before  the  legislature. 
May  23,  on  the  charge  of  belonging  to  a 
treasonable  association ;  and  President 
Lincoln  requested  to  grant  to  Judge  B., 
who  is  now  in  Canada,  such  respite  from 
arrest  that  he  may  be  present  at  his  trial. 

6— Legislature  adjourns  to  May  16. 

March  1— A  bill  in  the  senate  to  author- 
ize any  count}'  to  issue  bonds  not  exceeding 
$50,000,  for  bounties  to  volunteers,  in  order 
to  avoid  the  draft,  is  laid  on  the  table,  by 
16  to  8.  Next  day,  a  bill  providing  for 
the  payment  of  a  state  bounty  of  $100, 
was  laid  upon  the  table,  by  15  to  9. 

March  1— Guerrillas  enter  Louisville, 
help  themselves  to  Julius  Fosses'  (assist- 
ant inspector  general  of  cavalry)  two  ele- 
gant horses,  valued  at  $2,000,  and  dash  out 
of  the  city,  leaving  their  compliments  to 
Capt.  F. 

March  3 — A  motion  directing  the  auditor 
to  suspend  any  further  payment  of  salary 
to  Judge  Bullitt  until  after  his  case  is 
finally  tried  and  disposed  of,  is  voted 
down  in  the  house. 

March  6  —  142  charters  for  coil  oil  or 
petroleum  companies  granted  by  the  leg- 
islature during  this  session. 

March  6  —  Mason,  Boone,  Nicholas, 
Campbell,  Greenup,  Gallatin,  Bracken, 
Grant,  Kenton,  Butler, Carroll,  Livingston, 
Lynn,  Caldwell,  Fleming,  Oldham,  and 
Jefferson  counties,  and  the  city  of  Louis- 
ville, each  authorized  by  special  legisla- 
tion to  raise  a  bounty  fund  to  aid  enlist- 
ments and  provide  substitutes. 

March  8  —  Great  freshet  in  the  Ohio 
river ;  all  the  stores  along  the  levee  in 
Louisville,  from  3d  to  9th  st.,  under  water. 
March  12  — The  people  of  Columbus, 
Hickman  Co.,  ordered  to  build  a  levee  in 
front  of  the  town.  The  military  superin- 
tend the  job,  and  negro  soldiers  are  the 
guard  that  stands  over  white  citizens  while 

March  12— Death  at  Stanford,  Lincoln 
CO.,  of  Rev.  James  C.  Barnes,  D.  D.,  the 
oldest  Presbyterian  minister  in  the  state. 
He  preached  in  the  morning  (Sunday), 
and  died  in  the  afternoon. 

March  12— Sue  Munday  (i.  e.  Marcus 
Jerome  Clarke),  Capt.  Billy  Magruder,  and 
Henry  Metcalfe,  three  notorious  guerrillas, 
surprised  and  captured,  near  Webster, 
Breckinridge  co.,  by  a  detachment  of  50 


soldiers  of  30th  Wisconsin,  sent  from  Lou- 
isville. The  others  were  nursing  Magru- 
der, who  was  dangerously  wounded  on 
Feb.  28.  Munday  wounded  4  Federals, 
one  mortally,  and  refused  to  surrender 
until  promised  that  he  should  be  treated 
as  a  prisoner  of  war.  This  promise  was 
dishonored  ;  for  he  was  captured  on  Sun- 
day morning,  taken  to  Louisville,  tried 
and  convicted  for  acts  as  a  guerrilla  on 
Tuesday,  and  hung  on  Wednesday,  March 
15,  at  4  p.  M.  He  is  only  20  years  old. 
Shortly  before  his  death,  he  said,  if  allowed 
to  do  so,  he  could  prove  that  he  had  been 
a  Confederate  soldier  for  nearlv  four  years, 
was  in  the  battle  of  Fort  Donelson,  with 
Gen.  Morgan  in  Ky.,  wounded  at  Cynthi- 
ana  and  cut  off  from  his  command,  and 
remained  in  Ky.;  but  the  court  martial 
refused  to  let  him  introduce  witnesses.  He 
denied  his  guilt  of  many  outrages  charged 
against  him  but  committed  by  others. 
Just  before  he  was  taken  from  prison  to  be 
executed,  he  penned  a  very  touching  letter 
to  a  young  lady  to  whom  he  was  be- 
trothed. 

March  13 — The  Louisville  Jotmialhus  a 
severe  article  against  Joseph  Holt,  now 
Advocate  General  of  the  United  States  at 
Washington  city — charging  him  with  (al- 
though advised  of  them)  omitting  the 
most  startling,  terrible,  and  easily  proved 
outrages  from  the  list  of  charges  against 
Gen.  E.  A.  Paine,  on  which  he  is  now  being 
tried  by  court  martial,  and  ordering  trial 
only  on  those  which  are  least  material  and 
most  plausibly  explained.  No  wonder 
Paine  is  acquitted  ! 

March  15  — Skirmish  at  Pitts'  Point, 
Bullitt  CO.,  between  the  citizens  and  guer- 
rillas under  two  brothers  named  Wigging- 
ton  ;  one  of  whom  was  killed  and  his  party 
dispersed. 

March  23 — Judge  L.  Watson  Andrews, 
in  the  Carlisle  circuit  court,  decides  as  un- 
constitutional the  late  act  of  congress  lib- 
erating the  wives  and  children  of  enlisted 
negro  soldiers. 

March  23  —  Gen.  Palmer  revokes  the 
order  prohibiting  the  circulation  in  Ky.  of 
the  Cincinnati  Enquirer, 

March  23— The  extensive  hotel  build- 
ings at  Drennon  Springs,  Henry  co.,  de- 
stroyed by  fire. 

March  25 — Engagement  for  three  hours, 
near  Garnettsville,  Meade  co.,  between 
guerrillas  under  Hays,  Marion,  and  Web- 
ster, and  25  Federals  under  Capt.  W.  C. 
Sh.annon. 

March  26— A  portion  of  the  54th  Ky. 
under  Moj.  John  D.  Russell  and  Capt. 
Geo.  T.  Buckley  come  upon  a  party  of 
guerrillas  near  New  Liberty,  Owen  Co., 
kill  3,  wound  3,  and  disperse  the  rest. 

March  27 — Robert  Mallory,  late  repre- 
sentative in  congress,  while  addressing 
the  people  at  Lagrange,  Oldham  co.,  was 
interrupted  by  a  lieutenant  from  Ohio,  who 
pronounced  him  a  rebel.  Mallory  told 
him  he  lied;  whereupon  the  lieutenant 
brought  up  a  file  of  soldiers  with  fixed 
bayonets,  and  told  him  he  ghould  not  speak. 


158 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


Mallory  was  disposed  to  go  on,  and  risk 
the  issue,  but  his  friends  persuaded  him  to 
desist  and  avoid  a  difficulty. 

March  29— Desperate  fight,  30  miles 
from  Paducah,  between  guerrillas  under 
Capt.  JIcDougall,  and  Federals  under 
Capt.  Gregory  ;  both  officers  killed. 

March  31— W.  F.  Asheraft,  Alfred  Nich- 
ols, and  Thos.  B.  Payne,  found  guilty  by 
a  military  commission  of  being  guerrillas, 
and  condemned  to  be  shot  to-day  at  Lex- 
ington ;  but  respited  for  30  days. 

April  1  — Phil.  Tomppert,  the  Demo- 
cratic candidate,  elected  Mayor  of  Louis- 
ville. 

April  9 — Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee  surrenders 
the  army  of  Northern  Virginia  to  Gen. 
Ulysses  S.  Grant,  at  Appomattox  C.  H., 
Va.;  the  officers  to  retain  their  side-arms 
and  private  horses  and  baggage,  and  to 
give  their  parole  and  a  parole  for  their 
men  not  to  take  up  arms  against  the  Unit- 
ed States  until  properly  exchanged  ;  the 
arms,  artillery,  and  public  property  to  be 
packed  or  stacked,  and  turned  over  to 
a  U.  S.  officer. 

April  13 — Gen.  Jos.  E.  Johnston,  com- 
manding Confederate  army,  and  Maj.  Gen. 
Wm.  T.  Sherman,  "comm.anding  the  army 
of  the  United  States  in  North  Carolina," 
near  Durham's  Station,  Orange  co..  North 
Carolina,  about  27  miles  from  Raleigh, 
make  a  memorandum  or  basis  of  agree- 
ment— under  which,  if  approved  by  their 
principal  powers,  the  Confederate  armies 
are  to  be  disbanded,  conducted  to  the  sev- 
eral state  capitals  to  deposit  their  arms 
and  public  property,  and  each  officer  and 
man  to  execute  an  agreement  to  cease  from 
acts  of  war;  the  Southern  state  govern- 
ments, upon  their  officers  and  legislatures 
taking  the  oath  prescribed  by  the  U.  S. 
constitution,  to  be  recognized  by  the  U.  S. 
executive ;  the  Federal  courts  to  be  re- 
established ;  the  Southern  people  to  be 
guaranteed  their  political  rights  and  fran- 
chises, as  well  as  their  constitutional  rights 
of  person  and  property  ;  war  to  cease  ;  and 
a  general  amnesty.  President  Johnson 
and  his  cabinet  disavow  and  disapprove 
of  the  Sherman-Johnston  contract;  and, 
April  26,  Gen.  Sherman,  by  instructions, 
demands  and  receives  a  surrender  of  Gen. 
Johnston's  army,  "on  the  same  terms  as 
were  given  to  Gen.  Lee,  pure  and  simple." 
[This  surrender  includes  a  large  portion 
of  the  Confederate  troops  from  Ky.] 

[The  number  surrendered  and  paroled 
by  Gen.  Johnston  was  31,243,  with  108 
pieces  of  artillery,  &c.;  by  Gen.  Lee  27,805; 
by  Lieut.  Gen.  Richard  Taylor  42,293,  and 
by  Gen.  E.  Kirby  Smith  17,686.  The  total 
number  of  Confederates  surrendered,  by 
all  the  armies,  was  174,223,  besides  about 
2,600  in  Ky.,  (1,105  of  Giltner's,  or  Mor- 
gan's old,  command,)  and  98,802  prison- 
ers of  war— 275,625  in  all.  By  the  official 
reports,  the  aggregate  Federal  military 
force,  on  March  1,  1865,  was  966,591— in- 
creased by  enlistments  to  1,000,516,  on  the 
1st  of  May,  1865— besides  the  prisoners  in 
Confederate  hands,  number  not  known. 


April  13— Gold  in  New  York  146. 

April  14  —  Assassination  of  Abraham 
Lincoln,  president  of  the  United  States, 
in  Ford's  theatre,  Washington  city,  by  J. 
M'ilkes  Booth,  the  actor. 

April  14— Col.  Geo.  M.  Jessee,  Moses 
Webster,  and  others  offer  to  surrender 
upon  the  same  terms  that  Gen.  Lee  and 
his  army  surrendered  to  Qen.  Grant.  Gen. 
Palmer  announces  that  '^  each  man,  officer 
and  soldier,  must  make  a  personal  surren- 
der, and  surrender  his  arms  and  horses." 
"  No  man  will  be  allowed  to  surrender 
who  has  been  guilty  of  crime  against  the 
rules  of  civilized  warfare  ;  persons  charged 
with  such  offense  may  surrender  to  answer 
such  charges,  and  they  will  be  heard  be- 
fore a  commission." 

April  15 — Andrew  Johnson,  vice  presi- 
dent, inaugurated  as  president  of  the  Uni- 
ted States. 

April  17 — A  Federal  scouting  party  routs 
a  lot  of  guerrillas  beyond  Mountsterling, 
kills  Wash.  Carter  and  David  Doom,  the 
leaders,  and  wounds  others. 

April  17 — Gov.  Bramlette,  by  proclama- 
tion, calls  upon  the  people  of  Kentucky 
"  to  pay  homage  to  the  national  grief"  at 
the  death  of  the  chief  magistrate,  and  at 
the  hour  of  bis  funeral,  12  m.,  on  Wednes- 
day 19th,  "let  every  church  bell  through- 
out the  commonwe.T,lth  be  tolled ;  on  that 
day  let  all  business  be  suspended,  all  busi- 
ness houses  closed,  and  the  public  offices 
closed  and  draped  in  mourning." 

April  18 — A  large  public  meeting  in 
Louisville  adopts  resolutions  of  respect  to 
the  memory  of  President  Lincoln.  Gov. 
Bramlette  presided,  and  he  and  Senator 
Guthrie  addressed  the  meeting.  Next  day 
(Wednesday)  was  observed  as  a  day  of  hu- 
miliation and  sorrow,  the  business  houses 
closed,  and  a  funeral  procession  three  miles 
in  length  marched  through  the  streets. 
Similar  demonstrations  of  respect  in  other 
places. 

April  20— Among  the  Confederate  sol- 
diers returning  home,  and  duly  registering 
their  names  according  to  the  order  of  Gen. 
Palmer  guaranteeing  their  protection,  is 
Capt.  Mat.  Carey,  of  Newport,  Campbell 
CO.  Some  violent  '*  stay-at-home  patriots" 
peremptorily  order  him  to  leave  the  city, 
which  he  did.  Provost  marshal  W.  H. 
Bennett  "calls  upon  all  good  citizens  to 
aid  him  in  preserving  the  public  peace, 
and  in  protecting  from  injury  those  who 
have  Gen.  Palmer's  pledge  for  their  pro- 
tection and  security ;  they  shall  be  pro- 
tected by  all  means  at  his  disposal."  Oth- 
ers, in  other  places,  are  treated  like  Capt. 
Carey. 

April  20,  22 — Singular  correspondence 
between  James  S.  Brisbin,  "  brevet  brig- 
adier general,  and  S.  0.  U.  S.  troops," 
and  Guv.  Bramlette.  The  former's  letter 
shows  how  emancipation  is  being  forced  on 
Ky.,  notwithstanding  the  U.  S.  secretary 
of  war  has  announced  that  "  recruiting 
and  drafting  for  the  U.  S.  army  is  discon- 
tinued for  the  present."  Gen.  Brisbin 
seems  to  be  at  the  head  of  the  negro  re- 


1865. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


159 


cruiting  business  in  Ky.,  informs  the  gov- 
ernor that  he  is  engaged  in  recruiting  17 
additional  regiments  in  the  state,  that 
"  negro  enlistment  has  bankrupted  slavery 
in  Ky.,  over  22,000  of  the  most  valuable 
slaves  having  already  gone  into  service, 
while  the  few  thousands  left  are  being 
rapidly  gathered  up  by  the  recruiting  offi- 
cers and  put  into  the  army.  Even  old  men 
and  boys  are  found  to  be  fit  for  duty  in  in- 
valid regiments,  and  are  taken.  From  70 
to  100  enlist  daily,  freeing,  under  the  law 
of  congress  of  March  3,  1865,  an  average 
of  5  women  and  children  per  man.  Thus 
from  300  (()  500  black  people  are  daily 
made  free  through  the  imtrumentality  of  the 

April  21  —  Gov.  Bramlette  appoints 
Thursday,  June  1,  as  a  day  of  fasting, 
humiliation  and  prayer. 

April  24  —  Maj.  Gen.  Burbridge  pre- 
sented, at  Camp  Nelson,  with  a  $1,000 
sword,  belt  and  spurs,  by  the  colored  cav- 
alry in  brigades  5th  and  6th,  U.  S.  C.  C. 
of  K3\  Gen.  Brisbin  made  the  presenta- 
tion speech,  in  which  he  spoke  of  Gen. 
Burbridge  as  "  the  pioneer  of  freedom  to 
the  slaves  of  Ky."  Gen.  Burbridge  said 
"the  war  is  over  with  the  rebels,  and  he 
expected  and  hoped  soon  to  see  our  colored 
troops  sent  into  Mexico." 

April  26 — J.  Wilkes  Booth,  the  assassin 
of  the  president,  killed  in  St.  Mary's  CO., 
Maryland. 

April  28 — Explosion  and  burning  of  the 
steamboat  Sultana,  7  miles  above  Mem- 
phis, with  2,175  persons  on  board— 1,966 
of  them  paroled  Union  soldiers.  Over 
1,400,  many  of  them  Kentuckians,  lost. 

April  29— Gen.  Palmer  issues  an  order 
saying  "  the  power  of  arrest  will  hereafter 
besparingly  exercised, and  directed  against 
real  offenders.  There  is  no  dignity  or  jus- 
tice in  pursuing  foolish  people  for  foolish 
words.  The  bands  now  prowling  through 
the  country  are  simply  guerrillas  and  rob- 
bers, and  are  to  be  treated  as  such  ;  they 
will  be  allowed  to  surrender  for  trial." 

May  5 — 15  guerrillas  tear  up  the  track 
of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  railroad,  in 
Ohio,  on  the  Ohio  river  near  North  Bend, 
14  miles  below  Cincinnati ;  when  the  night 
train  stopped,  they  rob  the  passengers  and 
Express  safe  of  money  and  valuables,  and 
$30,000  in  U.  S.  bonds,  and  escape  across 
the  river  into  Boone  co.,  Ky. 

M.ay  6— The  tax  assessor  of  Boone  re- 
ported on  his  list  1,281  negroes,  but  placed 
"  no  value"  on  them  ;  his  assessment  was 
approved. 

May  8 — Negro  enlistments  in  Ky.  dis- 
continued by  order  of  the  U.  S.  war  de- 
partment. 

M.ay  14— Gen.  Basil  W.  Duke,  of  the 
Confederate  army,  with  bis  officers  and 
men,  including  about  260  Kentuckians, 
surrender,  at  Augusta  and  Washington, 
Georgia. 

May  16 — Legislature  in  adjourned  ses- 
sion  26 — Adopts  resolutions  touch- 
ing the  murder  of  President  Lincoln. 

May  22 — Adjutant   general    Daniel  W. 


Lindsey  reports  to  the  house  of  represen- 
tatives that  under  the  act  of  Jan.  26, 1864, 
"  empowering  the  governor  to  raise  a  force 
for  the  defense  of  the  state,"  Col.  Pierce  B. 
Hawkins'  1st  Ky.  Capital  Guards  (infantry) 
were  raised,  composed  of  the  Big  Sandy, 
Frankfort,  and  Paducah  (3)  battalions, 
1,313  men,  rank  and  file,  and  the  Mercer 
CO.  state  guards,  98  men.  As  these  were 
mustered  out,  the  following  8  battalions 
and  1  company  were  recruited  and  are 
still  in  service:  Green  River,  Middle 
Green  River,  North  Cumberland,  South 
Cumberland,  Three  Forks  Ky.,  Hall's  Gap, 
Frankfort,  Col.  Silas  Adams'  regiment, 
and  Capt.  Perin's  Casey  co.  state  guards — 
2,223  in  all. 

May  24— Gen.  Palmer  disbands  all  the 
independent  Federal  scouts  in  Ky. 

May  24— Meeting  at  Frankfort  of  Dem- 
ocratic and  Conservative  Union  citizens  of 
Ky.,  Jos.  R.  Underwood  presiding. 

May  25 — The  senate,  by  yeas  10  nays 
19,  rejects  a  bill  granting  to  Henry  H. 
Houston,  of  McCracken  co.,  **  authority  to 
practice  law  in  all  the  courts,  as  though  he 
had  never  entered  into  the  service  of  the 
army  of  the  so-called  Confederate  States 
of  America." 

May  30— Geo.  W.  Norton,  president  of 
the  Southern  Bank  of  Ky.,  reports  to  the 
legislature  that,  since  its  organization  in 
1850,  said  bank  has  paid  into  the  state 
treasury,  1.  An  annual  tax  or  bonus ;  2. 
The  entire  interest  [$18,000  and  N.  Y.  ex- 
change, semi-annually,  for  10  years]  which 
the  state  had  to  pay  on  its  $600,000  of 
bonds  issued  to  the  bank  in  payment  of 
that  amount  of  stock  originally  sub- 
scribed— until  the  state  paid  off  the  bonds 
in  1860  ;  3.  Semi-annual  dividends  on  its 
stock— to  amount  of  $297,760  ;  4.  $600,000 
in  gold  and  silver,  which  the  state  sold  for 
$973,080  in  U.  S.  legal  tender  notes  ;  5.  If 
no  unexpected  losses  occur  in  the  final 
winding  up  of  the  affairs  of  the  bank — in 
liquidation  since  Dec.  22,  1863— a  further 
installment  of  15  or  20  per  cent.  ($90,000  to 
$120,000)  will  be  paid  to  the  state.  [The 
history  of  the  commercial  world  has  but 
few  instances  of  such  remarkably  success- 
ful banking.] 

May  31— The  senate,  by  11  to  17,  refuses 
to  entertain  a  resolution  to  rescind  the 
joint  resolution  of  Feb.  4,  1865,  rejecting 
the  proposed  amendment  to  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States,  Article  XIII. 

May  31— Samuel  Robertson,  condemned 
by  a  military  commission  for  being  a  guer- 
rilla, hung  at  Lexington. 

June  2 — Jno.  B.  Bowman,  general  agent 
of  Kentucky  University,  reports  to  the 
legislature  the  raising,  mostly  in  the  city 
of  Lexington,  of  the  $100,000  required  as 
a  condition  of  its  removal  to  that  place. 
More  than  $500,000  are  already  secured, 
in  the  way  of  endowment,  grounds,  and 
buildings. 

June  3 — Legislature  repeals  the  act  au- 
thorizing the  governor  to  raise  5,000  men, 
but  leaves  such  force  now  in  service  to  be 
mustered  out  so  soon  as  the  safety  of  the 


160 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


state  will  admit Every  corporation 

in  Ky.  required  to  report,  on  Dec.  1st  an- 
nually, to  the  Auditor,  the  amount  of  stock 
taken,  amount  paid  in,  amount  of  liabilities, 
assets  and  income,  and  full  expose  of  their 
condition  and  management — underpenalty 
of  $500  fine,  which  fine  shall  go  into  the 
school  fund Requests  President  John- 
son to  withdraw  the  order  of  President  Lin- 
coln which  placed  Ky.  under  martial  law.... 
Bequests  the  President  to  immediately 
remove  .all  negro  troops  from  the  state,  and 
assign  white  soldiers  for  duty  in  their 
stead. 

June  3— Gov.  Bramlette  approves  the 
**  address  of  the  legislature  to  him  request- 
ing him  to  remove  from  office  Hon.  Joshua 
F.  Bullitt,  one  of  the  judges  of  the  court 
of  appeals"  [for  the  3d  district,  and  chief 
justice,]  formally  removes  him,  and  de- 
clares his  office  vacant.  The  address  was 
"  for  the  reason  that  the  said  Bullitt  has 
vacated  his  office  by  absenting  himself 
from  the  sittings  of  said  court  and  from 
this  state,  and  having  taken  up  his  resi- 
dence within  the  territory  of  a  foreign 
government."  It  had  first  passed  the 
house.  May  31,  by  68  to  19,  and  then  the 
senate  by  20  to  7.  In  the  senate,  by  vote, 
the  prosecution  was  conducted  by  James 
F.  Robinson,  and  the  defense  by  Asa  P. 
Grover;  and  in  the  house  James  T.  Bram- 
lette and  Thos.  W.  Varnon  were  elected 
to  prosecute,  and  A.  Harry  Ward  and  W. 
M.  Fisher  to  defend.  Mny  25,  Joshua  F. 
Bell  read  a  statement,  in  the  house,  to  the 
effect  that,  if  time  were  given,  it  could  be 
proven  that  the  case  of  Judge  Bullitt  was 
disposed  of  without  any  trial ;  that  he  was 
arrested,  ordered  and  sent  out  of  the  state 
by  the  military  authorities  without  any 
opportunity  for  defense  ;  that  he  returned 
to  Ky.,  and  discharged  his  official  duties 
from  Deo.  6  to  Deo.  24,  1864  ;  that  shortly 
after — learning  that  "the  military  com- 
mander of  the  state  had  declared  that  he 
should  bo  tried  by  a  military  court  and  exe- 
cuted, without  any  chance  of  his  appeal  to 
the  clemency  of  the  President — he,  in  conse- 
quence, left,  and  remains  out  of  the  state  ; 
that  if  he  has  heard  of  the  President's 
order  permitting  his  return  to  Ky.  to  attend 
this  trial,  it  is  only  since  these  proceed- 
ings have  been  taken  up,  and  not  in  suffi- 
cient time  to  be  here  to  make  defense  ;  that 
if  he  were  here,  and  time  allowed  him,  he 
could  establish  that  he  is  not  guilty  of  the 
charges  preferred  against  him  in  resolu- 
tions for  his  address  out  of  office."  Where- 
upon Mr.  Ward  moved  to  postpone  indefi- 
nitely the  further  proceedings  in  the  case— 
which  was  voted  down  by  yeas  12,  nays  71. 

The  house  of  representatives,  on  May 
29,  refused,  by  a  vote  of  11  to  63,  to  dis- 
miss the  1st  and  2d  charges  in  the  ad- 
dress—which were,  "  1.  That  said  Bullitt 
was  a  member  of  a  secret  society  or  organ- 
ization commonly  known  as  '  The  Sons  of 
Liberty'  or  'American  Knights,'  which  is 
treasonable  in  its  purposes  and  aims — the 
same  being  to  give  aid  and  comfort"  to 
those   in    rebellion,    Jfcc;    and    "  2.  That 


said  Bullitt  is  guilty  of  a  high  crime  by 
conspiring  with  others  to  oppose  with  force 
the  lawful  government  of  the  United 
States." 

The  house  then,  by  a  vote  of  38  to  34, 
resolved  "  That  the  defense  take  the  evi- 
dence on  the  3d  charge  against  Judge 
Bullitt;  if  that  is  not  sufficient  to  satisfy 
the  bouse  of  the  necessity  of  removing  him 
from  office,  the  1st  and  2d  charges  will  be 
taken  up,  and  evidence  taken  to  establish 
said  charges  or  acquit  said  Judge  Bullitt." 

On  the  30th,  the  governor  transmitted 
to  the  senate,  and  it  was  read  in  both 
houses,  Judge  Bullitt's  letter  to  him,  as 
follows  : 

Near  AjiHEESTBrRG,  Canada  West,  I 
May  24,  1865.      J 
His  Excellency,  Thos.  E.  Bramlette,    Gov- 
ernor of  Kentucky  : 

Sir  :  I  received  a  dispatch  from  you 
yesterday  evening,  giving  me  "  a  copy  of 
Gen.  Palmer's  permission  for  you  [me]  to 
attend  the  sitting  of  the  legislature."  I 
determined  to  make  no  defense  before  the 
legislature  for  two  principal  reasons.  In 
the  first  place,  whilst  in  the  performance 
of  my  duties  as  chief  justice  of  the  court 
of  appeals,  I  was  compelled  to  leave  the 
state  in  order  to  avoid  arrest  and  trial  by 
a  military  commission,  for  an  alleged  of- 
fense (treason  or  conspiracy  against  the 
United  States),  over  which  the  Federal 
court  has  jurisdiction,  and  the  military 
authorities  no  rightful  jurisdiction  what- 
ever. In  other  words,  I  was  driven  from 
the  state  by  lawless  violence,  against 
which  you  nor  the  legislature  could  pro- 
tect me. 

Upon  this  point  the  facts  leave  no  room 
for  doubt.  Soldiers  searched  my  house  on 
the  night  of  the  27th  of  December  last, 
and  again  on  the  night  of  the  1st  of  Jan- 
uary, for  the  purpose  of  arresting  me; 
and  on  the  8th  of  January  Gen.  Burbridge 
declared,  in  a  public  speech  at  Frankfort, 
that  I  ought  to  have  been  arrested  and 
"  hung,"  and  that  I  would  have  been  ar- 
rested if  I  had  not  escaped.  I  left  Ky. 
and  c.Tme  to  Canada  after  the  27th  of  De- 
cember, and  solely  in  consequence  of  the 
attempt  to  arrest  me.  There  is  no  room 
for  doubt  that  I  was  driven  from  Ky.  by 
lawless  violence,  against  which  the  state 
owed  me  protection. 

I  do  not  deny  the  constitutional  power 
of  the  legislature  to  remove  an  absent  offi- 
cer, by  address,  for  any  reason  deemed 
sufficient  by  that  body  ;  and  jf  I  had  left 
the  state  voluntarily  to  join  the  Confed- 
erate army,  as  did  one  or  two  officers  who 
were  thus  removed,  I  should  not  have 
questioned  the  propriety  of  the  proceed- 
ings against  me.  But  for  the  legislature 
to  try  me  during  my  enforced  residence  in 
a  neutral  country  seemed  to  me  improper 
and  unjust.  I  should  have  resigned  soon 
after  coming  here  if  those  proceedings  had 
not  been-  inaugurated.  I  determined  to 
give  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Com- 
monwealth an  opportunity  to  decide  the 
question  whether  they  would  rebuke  the 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


violence  with  which  the  state  has  so  long 
been  outraged,  in  the  persons  and  property 
of  its  citizens,  by  refusing  to  entertain  the 
charges  against  me,  during  my  enforced 
absence;  or  whether  they  would  approve 
that  violence,  by  trying  me  whilst  I  con- 
tinued to  be  its  victim,  and  condemning 


■iden 


of  de 


ent  and  pay  of  those  who  have 
npled  upon  my  rights  as  a  citizen 
er  of  the  state.  Compared  with 
ition,  the  question  of  my  guilt  or 
1  seemed  to  me  of  small  import- 
ance. For  that  reason  I  determined  not 
to  resign.  And  I  determined  not  to  de- 
fend, because  an  appearance  by  counsel 
would  have  been  an  implied  recognition, 
which  I  was  unwilling  to  make,  of  the 
propriety  of  the  proceeding  against  me. 

In  the  second  place,  I  felt  convinced 
that  I  could  not  have  a  fair  trial.  I  do 
not  impute  unfairness  to  a  majority  of  the 
legislature.  But,  under  the  military  des- 
potism prevailing  in  Ky.,  I  deemed  it  im- 
possible to  obtain  the  benefit  of  evidence, 
which  could  otherwise  be  easily  produced. 
For  instance,  during  the  trial  of  Walsh  and 
others  in  Cincinnati,  several  witnesses  for 
the  defense  were  arrested  by  the  judge  ad- 
vocate's order  as  soon  as  they  left  the 
stand.  Again:  Many  of  Stidger's  state- 
ments concerning  me  and  others  are  known 
to  be  false  by  a  number  of  honest,  reliable 
men  ;  and  I  have,  what  I  consider  reliable 
information,  that  respectable  men,  well 
acquainted  with  him,  regard  him  as  un- 
worthy of  belief  on  oath  ;  but  that,  when 
called  upon  so  to  testify  during  the  trial 
of  Dr.  Bowles  and  others,  at  Indianapolis, 
they  feared  and  refused  to  do  so.  Who, 
in  Ky.,  under  the  pains  and  penalties  of 
martial  law,  would  venture  thus  to  assail 
the  great  detective,  whose  statements 
formed  the  chief  basis  of  Mr.  Holt's  pre- 
election report,  asserting  that  the  Northern 
States  had  more  conspirators  in  their  midst 
than  soldiers  in  the  field  ?  I  regret  to  find 
that  th.s  difficulty  in  the  way  of  a  fair 
trial  has  not  yet  been  removed ;  that, 
though  the  war  h.as  ended,  martial  law 
still  prevails  in  Ky.;  and  that,  though 
you  were  elected  to  the  office,  Gen.  Palmer 
is  governor  of  the  Commonwealth.  This 
is  sufficiently  proved  by  the  fact  that  you 
have  deemed  it  necessary  to  obtain  Gen. 
Palmer's   permission   for  me  to    return  to 

Nor  am  I  satisfied  that,  if  I  should  re- 
turn to  Ky.,  I  would  be  safe  from  military 
arrest.  In  November  last,  Gen.  Wash- 
burne  released  me  in  Memphis,  with  an 
assurance  that  I  could  return  to  Ky.  with- 
out danger  of  further  molestation.  Gen. 
Burbridge,  when  informed  of  my  release, 
ordered  my  re-arrest.  If  I  should  return 
now,  I  might  find  Gen.  Palmer's  position 
held  by  some  one  else,  who  would  treat  his 
order  as  contemptuously  as  Gen.  Burbridge 
treated  Gen.  Washburne's.  The  evil  to 
which  I  allude — the  uncertainty  of  life 
and  liberty — is  a  natural  and  perhaps  nec- 
essary result  of  the  despotism  that  has 
I. ..11 


been  established  over  you,  which  makes 
martial  law  by  paper  proclamations  far  in 
the  rear  of  contending  armies,  and  enforces 
it  against  non-combatants  in  communities 

moled  except  by  the  military  power  of  the 
United  States. 

But  what  would  it  profit  me  to  return, 
even  if  I  felt  sure  that  Gen.  Palmer's  per- 
mission would  be  carried  into  full  effect? 
I  am  permitted  to  return  merely  for  the 
purpose  of  attending  my  "trial"  by  the 
legislature.  At  its  close,  let  it  end  as  it 
may,  my  permission  ends  and  I  must  leave 
the  United  States  or  be  subject  to  military 
arrest  and  trial.  The  privilege  of  return- 
ing to  Ky.  merely  for  the  purpose  of  eon- 
fronting  such  accusers  as  Coffin  and  Stidger 
appears  to  me  to  be  of  very  little  value. 
My  observation  and  experience  of  martial 
law  lead  me  to  believe  that  I  will  no 

voluntarily  submit  myself  to  its  ju 

lion.  I  would  willingly  return  home  if  I 
could  do  so  as  a  freeman,  ametiable  only  to 
the  laws  of  the  land.     But  I  have  not  yet 


;  again 


found  the  laws  of  Can 


oppr 


nor  its  climate  so  inhospitable,  i 
so  unfruitful,  nor  the  labor  of  tilling  it  so 
grievous,  as  to  make  me  willing  to  return 
as  a  slave  by  the  special  permission  of  Sec- 
retary Stanton. 

Very  respectfuIly,your  obedient  servant, 

J.  F.  BULLITT. 

June  3— Lien    law    extended   so    as   to 

give  mechanics  a  lien  for  excavating  oel- 

cisterns,  wells,  vaults,  for  walling  the 

',    for   grading  and    paving,   makin" 

fills,  &c.  ° 

June    3 — Additional    appropriations  for 

the  benefit  of  the  American  Printing  house 

for  the  Blind  in  Jefferson  co. 

.Tune  3 — Legislature  provides  that  any 
vacancy  in  the  court  of  appeals,  or  circuit 
courts,  occurring  within  ninety  and  more 
than  twenty  days  before  the  1st  Monday 
in  August,  shall  be  filled  by  election  on 
that  day. 

June  3— Gov.  Bramlette  vetoes  a  bill  to 
"  amend"  the  militia  laws,  which,  he  says, 
proposes  to  "abolish"  all  the  means  and 
agencies  necessary  to  to  carry  the  law  into 
operation.     The  veto  is  sustained. 

June  3 — $700  appropriated  by  the  legis- 
lature to  erect  head  and  foot  stones  over 
the  graves  of  Gov.  James  T.  Morehead, 
Gov.  Charles  Scott,  Hon.  Wm.  T.  Barry, 
Bl.and  Ballard  and  wife,  .and  senators  Wal- 
ter Chiles  and  Milton  P.  Buster. 

June  4— Judge  G.  W.  Johnston,  of  the 
city  court  of  Louisville,  under  a  law  of 
Ky.  commits  a  negro  slave,  Jacob  Hardin, 
to  the  work-house  "until  his  master  should 
give  bail  that  he  would  not  be  suffered  to 
go  at  large  and  hire  himself  out  as  a  free 
man  ;"  whereupon  Gen.  John  M.  Palmer, 
by  military  power,  prohibits  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  law,  and  orders  the  release  of 
the  slave  "  unless  detained  in  custody  for 
some  other  cause  than  the  order  of  the 
city  coui;t  of  Louisville." 

le  5  —  Gov.    Bramlette    commissions 
Sampson,  state  senator  from  Barren 


AN.VALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


CO.,  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals,  in  place 
of  Joshua  F.  Bullitt,  removed  by  address. 
June  12 — Gen.  Palmer  refuses  to  sur- 
render Jesse  Taggart  to  the  civil  author- 
ities for  trial  in  Muhlenburg  co.  for  kill- 
ing Philander  Welbourne— claiming  "ex- 
clusive jurisdiction  for  military  courts" 
because  Taggart  was  at  the  time  a  soldier, 
and  alleging  it  "  the  duty  of  the  military 
to  protect  him  from  a  possible  trial  by  dis- 

"  evidence  that  judges,  juries,  common- 
wealth's attorneys,  &c.,  charged  with  the 
administration  of  justice,  are  loyal  to  the 
government  and  would  give  to  persons  em- 
ployed by  the  government  a  fair  trial," 
Ijefore  he  will  give  up  any  such  for  trial 
by  the  civil  courts. 

June  15— The  house  of  worship  and  ses- 
sion room  of  the  1st  Presbyterian  church, 
Louisville,  Rev.  Samuel  R.  Wilson,  D.  D., 
pastor,  taken  possession  of  by  the  mili- 
tary for  hospital  purposes.  [The  "  war"  is 
over,  but  persecution  for   opinion's   sake 

June  15— About  1,200  deaths,  within  the 
year  past,  among  the  negroes  refugeed  at 
Camp  Nelson,  Jessamine  co. 

June  16— The  court  of  appeals  decides 
unconstitutional  the  act  of  congress  mak- 
ing U.  S.  treasury  notes  a  legal  tender. 
Judge  George  Robertson  delivers  the 
opinion. 

June  17  —  Gen.  Edward  H.  Hobson, 
commanding  1st  division  of  department  of 
Ky.  at  Lexington,  forbids  further  arrests 
by  the  military  "unless  there  is  good 
proof  that  the  party  accused  is  guilty"  as 
alleged  ;  no  more  arrests  for  personal  feel- 
ings must  be  made. 

June  22— Death,  at  Cincinnati,  aged  74, 
of  Thos.  H.  Barlow,  formerly  of  Lexing- 
ton, the  inventor  of  the  planetarium. 

July  1— The  average  annual  rain-fall  at 
Lexington,  for  more  than  .SO  years  past,  is 
about  45  inches  ;  but  for  the  year  ending 
to-day  has  been  65.73  inches— nearly  21 
inches  above  the  average,  or  no  less  than 
14,000  barrels  to  the  acre. 

.July  7— David  E.  Harrold,  who  was 
captured  with  J.  Wilkes  Booth;  Lewis 
Payne,  who  attempted  to  murder  the  U.  S. 
secretary  of  state,  Wm.  H.  Seward  ;  Geo. 
A.  Atierott,  who  was  to  assassinate  vice 
president  Andrew  Johnson  ;  and  Mrs,  Mary 
E.  Surratt,  at  whose  house  these  parties 
met  and  plotted— sentenced  to  death  by  a 
military  commission,  and  hung  at  Wash- 
ington city.  In  the  case  of  the  latter,  a 
writ  of  habeas  corpus  was  issued  by  Judge 
AVylie,  of  the  U.  S.  district  court;  but 
President  Johnson  suspended  the  writ,  and 
Judge  Wylie  refused  to  proceed  further. 
As  a  consequence,  Mrs.  Surratt  was  hung— 
whose  father-confessor.  Rev.  Mr.  Walters, 
says,  "  not  revealing  the  confessional,  that, 
as  God  lives,  she  ^oas  innocent  of  the  mur- 
der, or  of  any  intent  or  conspiracy  to 
murder.  President  Lincoln." 

July  8— Military  interference,  in  order 
to  keep  its  hand  in,  makes  "another  de- 
parture."    Gen.  Palmer  orders  the  arrest 


to-night  of  all  dealers  in  or  keepers  of 
faro  or  faro  banks.  In  Louisville  and 
Frankfort  every  bank  is  closed  up  and  the 
stocks  confiscated.  They  have  swindled 
the  soldiers  out  of  many  thousands  of 
dollars. 

July  11— Gen.  Palmer  issues  an  order  to 
quartermasters  to  pay  all  wages  earned  by 
negroes  to  them;  and  not  to  "pretended 
masters,"  unless  with  the   consent  of  the 

July  16 — Emerson  Ethridge,  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  citizens  of  Tennessee, 
is  held  under  guard  at  Columbus,  Ky.,  by 
order  of  Maj.  Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas,  and 
not  allowed  to  converse  on  political  affairs, 
on  pain  of  close  conjinement. 

July  20— Upwards  of  200  Federal  sol- 
diers, arrested  on  various  charges,  have 
been  released  from  prisons  throughout 
Ky.,  during  this  month,  by  the  judge  ad- 
vocate of  the  department  of  Ky. 

July  20 — 2,S36  persons  in  Louisville  pay 
a  U.  S.  "  income  tax"- 1  on  over  $75,000, 
2  over  $70,000,  2  over  $60,000,  2  over  $50,- 
000,  10  over  $40,000,  21  over  $30,000,  29 
over  $20,000,  33  over  $15,000,  76  over  $10,- 
000,  82  over  $7,000,  86  over  $5,000.  248 
over  $3,000,  505  over  $1,000,  and  1,236 
under  $1,000;  making  an  aggregate  of 
$7,296,390  of  income  in  one  year. 

July  20— Gen.  John  M.  Palmer— who 
seems  to  act  as  if  he  were  the  autocrat  of 
Kentucky,  instead  of  military  command- 
ant— issues  general  orders  No.  49,  which 
directs  provost  marshals  or  commanding 
oBicers  of  troops  to  issue — to  all  colored 
persons  applying,  and  representing  them- 
selves as  unable  to  find  employment — 
"passes  authorizing  them  to  pass  at  will 
in  search  of  employment,  upon  any  rail- 
road, steamboat,  ferryboat,  or  other  means 
of  travel  in  the  state  of  Ky.  or  plying  out 
of  it  from  any  point  in  it;"  and  ordering 
the  arrest  and  sending  out  of  the  state, 
or  trial  and  punishment  by  military  com- 
mission, of  any  railroad  or  steamboat  con- 
ductor or  clerk  or  other  public  carrier  who 
refuses  them  transportation  anywhere,  upon 
their  presenting  said  pass  and  the  usual 
fare.  July  22  to  28— At  Paris,  Lexington, 
and  some  other  points,  such  passes  (which 
the  negroes  call  their  "free  papers,"  and 
act  accordingly)  are  issued  as  fast  as  they 
can  be  filled  out  — about  1,300  at  Paris 
alone. 

July  22— Gov.  Bramlette  issues  a  long 
proclamation  addressed  "  to  the  officers  of 
election  and  citizens  of  Ky.,"  in  which  he 
notifies  them  that  "  the  law  requires  that 
the  person  offering  to  vote  should  state  on 
oath  that  he  has  not  entered  into  the  service 
of  the  so-called  Confederate  States,  in  either 
a  civil  or  military  capacity,  iior  into  the 
service  of  the  so-called  Provisional  Govern- 
ment of  Kentucky/,  in  either  a  civil  or  mili- 
tary capacity,  since  the  10th  day  of  April, 
1862,  nor  h.as  he  continued  in  such  service 
since  that  date  ;  nor  has  he  given  since 
that  date  any  voluntary  aid  and  .assistance 
to  those  in  arms  against  the  United  States 
or  the  state  of  Kentucky."     [This  procla- 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


163 


mation,aUhou';h  in  its  general  spirit  aimed 
at  preventing  the  occasion  for  military  in- 
terference, and  counseling  peace  and  ob- 
servance of  law,  was  regarded  by  many 
good  citizens  as  likely  to  bring  on  the  very 
acts  of  military  interference  which  followed, 
and  which  so  disgraced  the  state  at  the 
ensuing  election,  Aug.  7.  It  having  been 
widely  published  and  made  generally 
known  that  two  judges,  on  their  respective 
circuits,  Jos.  Doniphan  and  Richard  Ap- 
person,  jr.,  had  declared  unconstitutional, 
and  therefore  of  no  binding  force,  the  law 
which  required  said  oath — the  Expatria- 
tion Act  of  March  11,  1862  ;  and  the  war, 
which  was  the  cvcuse  and  occasion  of  said 
Act,  having  been  over  for  more  than  three 
months  ;  a  strong  feeling  of  dissatisfaction 
at  and  disapprobation  of  the  governor's 
course  manifested  itself,  and  found  utter- 
ance on  the  street,  and  through  the  press, 
and  in  the  decided  and  repeated  action  of 
the  ensuing  legislature.] 

Aug.  7— The  vote  for  congressmen  is  : 
DlBtrict.    Conservative.  Radical. 

Ist...L.  S.  Trimble....5,-49    C.  D.  Bradley 3,542 

2d B.  C.  Ritter fi,>l74    G.  H.  YeHman 5.786 

3il H.Grider (i,52.S    J.H.  Lowry 4,871 

4th...  A.  'Harding 9,4.37    M.  C.  Taylor 3,652 

5th. ..R.  Mallory 4,704    L.  H.  Rousseau. ...5,751 

6th.,.  A.  H.  Ward 6,421    G.  0.  Smith 7,666 

7th...G.S.Shankliu...7,624    S.  S.  Fry 3,943 

8th,..T.  T.Garrard..3,824    W.  H.  Randall...  10,634 

9th..:.J.S.Hurtt 6,241    S.  McKee 8,163 

For  state  treasurer.  Jas.  H.  Garrard 
(Conservative)  elected.  G.arrard  42,187, 
Wm.  L.  Neale (Radical) 42, 082— m.aj.  105. 
For  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals,  in  dis- 
tri(?t  No.  3,  Wm.  Sampson  6,327  ;  Geo.  W. 
Kavanaugh  6,268— maj.  59;  W.  E.  Riley 
3,467.  The  next  senate  will  stand  20  con- 
servatives and  18  radicals — maj.  2;  and 
the  house,  60  conservatives  and  40  radi- 
cals— maj.  20.  Very  serious  interference 
in  many  counties  with  the  election  by  the 
military  ;  in  some  cases  soldiers  prevented 
voters  from  going  near  the  polls,  and  in 
others  arrested  and  took  them  oflf  to  prison. 
In  Lexington,  "  citizens  stood  in  front  of 
the  polls,  and  indicated  to  the  soldiers 
those  who  were  not  entitled  to  vote  ;  all 
thus  pointed  out  were  not  allowed  to  pre- 
sent themselves  to  the  judges" — so  tele- 
graphed the  sheriff,  W.  W.  Dowden,  to 
Gov.  Bramlette.  Negro  soldiers  were  sent 
as  guardians  of  the  polls  in  several  pre- 


5,000 
dutyi 


■The  U.  S. 


;  of  the  21,000 


the  departnicnt  [state]  of  Ky. 
OS.  Doniphan,  in 


5 — Judge  Jos 
circuit  court  at  Covington,  decides  the 
patriation  act  unconstitutional. 

Sept.  8— The  grand  jury  in  the  Fayette 
circuit  court,  Judge  Wm.  C.  Goodloe  pre- 
siding, report  five  indictments  for  viola- 
tions of  the  election  laws  by  military  force 
and  control— against  David  S.  Goodloe, 
U.  S.  assessor,  John  B.  Wilgus,  M.  C. 
Brickey,  Capt.  H.  Johnson,  and  Thos.  E. 
Bramlette.  Judge  Goodloe,  without  mo- 
tion or  word  from  any  one,  dismisses  the 


Sept.  14— In  Campbell  co.,  the  board  of 
contested  elections  decided  that  on  Aug. 
7  "  there  was  such  an  interference  at 
the  various  Toting  places,  by  armed  sol- 
diers, who  so  governed  and  controlled  the 
election  as  to  render  it  invalid,  null  and 
void ;"  they  adjudged  Thos.  Jones,  the 
incumbent,  not  lawfully  elected  clerk  of 
the   circuit  court,  and  declared  the  offite 

The  grand  jury  of  Powell  co.  indict 
Henry  C.  Lilly,  senator  elect,  and  John 
N.  B.  Hardw'ick,  county  judge,  for  ob- 
structing the  freedom  of  elections. 

Sept.  25— Maj.  Gen.  John  M.  Palmer 
and  Brig.  Gen.  .Tas.  S.  Brisbin  indicted  at 
Louisville  for  abducting  slaves,  and  other- 
wise violating  the  slave  code  of  Ky. 

Sept.  25— Dr.  Joshua  T.  Bradford,  of 
Augusta,  Bracken  co.,  sells  to  Wm.  P. 
Anderson's  "  Longworth's  AVine  House," 
Cincinnati,  10,000  gallons  of  native  wine 
from  his  own  vineyard,  at  $2:36  and  $2:50 
per  gallon. 

Sept.  28— Some  of  the  very  men  who 
were  among  the  foremost  to  welcome  and 
cajole  the  petty  tyrant.  Gen.  John  M. 
Palmer,  when  he  made  his  advent  in  Ky. 
as  the  successor  of  Gen.  Burbridge,  are 
now  willing  to  see  the  latter  re-instated  in 
preference.  "  Gen.  B.  is  in  Louisville, 
without  any  command  whatever,  and  h.os 
not  had  one  for  some  time.  During  the 
absence  of  Gen.  Palmer  at  Washington 
city,  the  troops  in  the  state  —  negroes 
chiefly — will  be  under  the  command  of 
Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis,  of  Indiana,  who  will 
be  remembered  as  the  slayer  of  Gen.  Wm. 
Nelson."  » 

Oct.  2— Gen.  Ulysses  S.  Grant  sends  an 
order  to  Gen.  Palmer— commanding  the 
military,  the  negroes,  and  the  churches  in 
Ky.— "requiring  the  immediate  and  un- 
conditional release"  of  Rev.  Lorenzo  D. 
Huston,  D.  D.,  pastor  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  South,  in  Newport.  Dr. 
H.  had  been  arrested  for  a  speech  in  Con- 
f'irence  opposing  a  secession  of  Ky.  Con- 
ference from  the  General  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South  in  order 
to  unite  with  the  General  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  (North,)  and 
for  attempting  to  occupy  the  pulpit  in 
Newport  to  which  the  Conference  had  as- 
signed him. 

Oct.  2— Gen.  James  S.  Brisbin,  from 
headquarters  1st  division  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Ky.  at  Lexington,  issues  general 
orders  No. 15,  that "  any  returned  Con- 
federate soldier  found  armed,  or  dressed 
in  any  part  of  the  Confederate  uniform, 
sh.all  be  arrested  and  sent  beyond  the 
limits  of  this  division  [i.  e.  the  state  of 
Ky.],  not  to  return.  Returned  Confed- 
erates are  notified  that  they  must  at  once 
discontinue  the  dangerous  and  obnoxious 
practice  of  carrying  arms  and  wearing  the 
Confederate  uniform." 

Oct.  3— Upon  recommendation  of  Gen. 


rresponden 


Maysville 


164 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1865. 


Palmer,  the  U.  S.  war  department  has  de- 
cided to  muster  out  4,000  of  the  colored 
troops  now  serving  in  his  command  (Ky.), 
Tfhich  will  still  leave  him  about  6,000 
troops  with  which  to  enforce  order. 

Oct.  9— As  the  sheriff  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Tenn.,  with  two  negroes  charged  with 
crime  in  his  custody,  was  passing  from 
Clarksville  to  Nashville,  by  the  railroad 
which  leads  through  Bowling  Green,  Ky,, 
he  was  attacked  by  the  negro  soldiers  at 
the  latter  place,  his  prisoners  taken  from 
him,  and  the  most  insolent  threats  made 
against  the  sheriff  or  any  one  attempting 
to  interfere. 

Oct.  12— Andrew  Johnson,  president  of 
the  United  States,  by  solemn  proclama- 
tion, modifies  the  proclamation  issued 
July  5,  1864,  by  Abraham  Lincoln,  then 
president  of  the  United  States,  "  in  so  far 
that  martial  law  shall  be  no  longer  in 
force  in  Kentucky,"  inasmuch  "as  the 
danger  from  insurgent  raids  has  substan- 
tially passed  away.'* 

Oct.  16— The  mayor  of  Lexington,  Jos. 
Wingate,  issues  his  proclamation,  notifying 
owners  of  slaves  to  remove  them  from  that 
city  to  their  homes,  and  take  care  of  them, 
*'  by   Oct.  5,  or  legal  proceedings  will  be 


iited 


the 


compliance."  Whereupon,  Gen.  John  M. 
Palmer,  "  Major  General  Commanding" 
department  of  Ky.  at  Louisville,  orders 
"  Brig.  Gen.  J.  S.  Brisbin, commanding"  at 
Lexington,  "to  inform  said  mayor  that  you 
are  instructed  to  protect  the  people  of  his 
city  from  the  violence  he  invites  ;  that  do 
portion  of  them  can  be  seized  and  removed 
from  that  city  at  the  mere  will  of  persons 
who  may  choose  to  call  themselves  "  own- 
ers and  claimants  ;" "  that  all  the  peo- 
ple of  the  ttate  are  presumed  to  be  free, 
and  will  be  protected  as  free  nntil  orders  are 
received  to  the  contrary." 

Oct.  20— The  Ky.  Central  railroad  com- 
pany orders  its  conductors  to  stop  the 
transportation  of  slaves,  except  they  are 
provided  with  written  orders  from  their 
owners ;  several  slaves,  with  military 
passes,  are  refused  transportation.  The 
Louisville  and  Jeffersonville  ferry  com- 
pany have  also  refused  such  passes  since 
the  abrogation  of  martial  law. 

Oct.  20— Maj.  Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas 
having"  approved  the  administration"  of 
Gen.  Palmer,  and  reported  in  favor  of  his 
retaining  the  command  in  Ky.,  President 
Johnson  refuses  to  removehim,  although  re- 
quested to  do  so  by  Gov.  Bramlette  and 
Gen.  Green  Clay  Smith. 

Oct.  21  — Gen.  Brisbin  notifies  Jason 
■Williams  and  wife,  at  Lexington,  that 
unless  they  pay  their  ten  slaves,  children 
of  a  negro  soldier,  reasonable  wages  for 
all  their  labor  since  March  3,  1865,  (when 
sed  the  unconstitutional  act 
wives    and  children  of  negro 


ogress   pa 


soldiers),  "suit  will  be  entered  before  the 
Freedmen's  Bureau,  and  steps  taken  to 
compel  payment." 

Oct.  21 — As  recommended  by  Gov.  Bram- 
lette,  Gen.   Palmer    releases   from    their 


bonds  and  parole  James  Brien,  representa- 
tive elect  from  Marshall  Co.,  John  W. 
Oglevie,  representative  elect  from  Mc- 
Craeken  co.,  and  Jas.  C.  Calhoun,  sheriff 
of  McCracken  co.  Shortly  after  their 
election  in  August  last,  they  were  each 
arrested — on  the  charge  that  their  candi- 
dacy was  in  violation  of  Palmer^  a  proclama- 
tion— and  placed  under  bonds  not  to  leave 
their  respective  counties,  and  Calhoun  not 
even  to  leave  Paducah. 

Oct.  26  —  Special  telegraph  dispatches 
from  Lexington  announce  that  "  the  quar- 
rel between  Gen.  Burbridge  and  Gov. 
Bramlette  has  been  settled,  to  the  satis- 
faction of  both  parties,  and  they  have  re- 
newed their  former  relations." 

Oct.  30— As  he  is  sustained  by  the  pres- 
ident and  secretary  of  war.  Gen.  John  M. 
Palmer  gives  renewed  diligence  to  the 
work  oi  forcing  emancipation  in  Ky.  At 
the  provost  marshal's  ofiice  in  Louisville, 
passes  are  issued  to  150  to  300  negroes  per 
day,  and  a  constant  guard  is  kept  at  the 
Jeffersonville  ferry  to  compel  their  trans- 
portation over  the  Ohio  river  when  they 
apply. 

Nov.  3— Granville  Pearl,  judge  of  the 
12th  circuit,  appears  in  Lexington  under 
arrest,  by  order  of  Gen.  Brisbin — whose 
command  here  is  a  brigade  of  negro  sol- 
diers— because  in  the  discharge  of  his  du- 
ties as  judge  he  had  ordered  the  sale,  in 
partition  among  some  infants,  of  a  negro 

pretended  to  marry  a  negro  soldier.^  A 
squad  of  negro  soldiers  was  sent  to  arrest 
him  ;  but  an  influential  friend  succeeded 
in  turning  them  back,  and  saved  him  that 
humiliation  —  by  his  personal  assurance 
that  he  would  report  as  soon  as  cited, 
and  which  he  did. 

Nov.  5— The  findings  of  the  military 
commission  in  the  case  of  Gen.  Eleazer  A. 
Paine  —  charged  with  executing  and  im- 
prisoning several  dozen  citizens  at  and 
near  Paducah,  during  his  reign  of  terror 
there,  when  he  became  infamous  for  his 
oppressions  and  outrages — has  just  been 
made  public  by  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  secre- 
tary of  war.  Paine  was  found  guilty  of 
part  of  the  charges,  and  merely  sentenced 


ibei 


nded  in 


gene 


ral  orders.    Ev 


shamefully  inadequate  sentence  was 
remitted. 

Nov.  10— Gen.  Brisbin  notifies  Garret 
Davis,  Brutus  J.  Clay,  and  other  promi- 
nent citizens  of  Bourbon  and  Fayette  conn- 
ties,  that  he  will  bring  suit  against  them, 
before  the  Freedmen's  Bureau,  for  wages 
alleged  to  be  due  for  the  labor  of  some  of 
their  own  slaves,  (whose  husbands  by  vari- 
ous means  had  been  gotten  into  the  U.  S. 
army  as  soldiers.) 

Nov.  10— Ky.  newspapers  contain  a  list 
of  names  of  492  liy.  soldiers,  with  their 
company,  regiment,  and  date  of  death — 


who  died  while  prisoners  of  war  at  Ander- 
sonville,  Sumter  co.,  Georgia,  and  are 
buried  in  the  national  cemetery  there. 

Ngy    11— Gen.  Wm.  T.  Sherman  visits 
Lawrenccburg,  Indiana,  and  is  asked  what 


1865. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


165 


he  thought  of  Gen.  Palmer^s  course  in  Ky.; 
he  replies  :  '*  If  it  is  monarchy  or  consol- 
idation we  are  after,  he  is  right ;  but  if  we 
want  to  preserve  the  old  form  of  govern- 
ment, he  is  all  wrong." 

Nov.  5— Death  of  Mrs.  Hannah  Sweat, 
aged  106  years,  at  Ovven.«boro,  Ky. 

Nov.  U— In  the  circuit  court  at  Cyn- 
thiana,  Harrison  co.,  Samuel  F.  January 
and  Maj.  Jas.  R.  Curry  recover  judgments 
for  damages  against  Capt.  Cranston  for  in- 
terfering with  their  right  to  vote  at  the 
August  election  —  the  former  for  $5,000 
and  the  latter  for  $500,  being   for  all  each 

Nov.  21—Thegrandjuryat  Louisville  in- 
dict Gen.  Jno.  JI .  Palmer  for  enticing  slaves 
to  leave  the  state.  He  was  held  in  bail  of 
$500,  to  answer. 

Nov.  21— Burning  of  the  offices  of  the 
clerk  of  the  court  of  appeals,  secretary  of 
state,  and  governor,  at  Frankfort;  con- 
suming all  the  books  and  records  of  the 
court  of  appeals  then  in  the  office.  The 
archives  and  all  the  papers  of  value  were 
saved  from  the  secretary  of  state's  office. 

Nov.  22,  24 — Several  regiments  of  negro 
soldiers,  recently  at  Lexington  and  else- 
where in  Ky.,  embark  at  Louisville  for 
Ark:insas,  to  be  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen. 
Jas.  S.  Brisbin.  This  leaves  only  one  regi- 
ment of  whites,  and  two  of  negroes,  in  Ky. 

Nov.  23,  28— Spirited  letter  of  ex-Gov. 
Beriah  Magoffin  in  reply  to  a  threatening 
letter  of  Gen.  John  M.  Palmer.  The  for- 
mer refuses  to  interfere  in  a  lawsuit,  as 
requested  by  Palmer,  *'  to  protect  a  friend 
of  the  government  from  an  unmerited 
prosecution"  [the  lawsuit  of  Nat.  Gaither, 
jr.,  o«.  James  #E.  Thompson,  who  while 
judge  at  the  August  election  rejected  Mr. 
G.'s  vote]  ;  assures  Gen.  P.  that  all  his 
correspondence  with  the  Confederate  au- 
thorities which  Palmer  has  unearthed  by 
application  at  Washington  city,  had  been 
published  in  the  Legislative  journals  of 
Sept.  1861;  and  that  "  he  fully  compre- 
hends what  he  (Palmer)  says  and  what  he 

Nov.  25— Mining  for  lead  ore,  in  Fayette 
CO.,  7  miles  from  Lexington,  on  the  Lees- 

Nov.  26— President  Johnson  revokes  the 
rewards  offered  for  the  arrest  of  Jacob 
Thompson,  of  Miss.,  Beverly  Tucker,  of 
Va.,  and  Geo.  N.  Sanders  and  Wm.  AV. 
Cleary,  of  Ky. — on  a  charge  of  complicity 
in  the  plot  for  assassinating  President 
Lincoln ;  subsequent  developments  prov- 
ing them  entirely  innocent. 

Nov.  30— President  Johnson  restores  the 
privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  — 
suspended  by  President  Lincoln  on  Dec. 
15,  1863,  and  ever  since— in  a  number  of 
states,  including  Maryland, Delaware, West 
Virginia,  and  Missouri,  but  not  in  Ky., 
Tennessee,  and  other  Southern  states. 
Kentucky  is  the  only  border  state  to  which 
that  great  writ  is  still  denied  ! 

Dec.  1— The  remains  of  Simon  Kenton, 
one  of  the  most  daring  and  useful  of  Ky. 
pioneers,  removed  and    re-interred,  with 


appropriate  ceremonies,  at  Oakdale  ceme- 
tery, Urbana,  Ohio — with  this  inscription 
on  his  tomb: 

"  In  memory  of  Gen.  Simon  Kenton,  who 
was  born  April  13,  1755,  in  Culpepper  Co., 
Virginia,  and  died  April  29,  1836,  aged  81 
years  and  26  days.  His  fellow-citizens  of 
the  West  will  long  remember  him  as  the 
skillful  pioneer  of  early  times,  the  brave 
soldier  and  the  honest  man." 

Dec.  1 — Lead  ore  discovered  in  Owen, 
Henry,  and  several  other  counties.  Many 
oil  wells  being  bored;  and  oil  indications 

Dec.  4 — The  auditor's  report  gives  the 
total  indebtedness  of  the  state,  at  the  close 
of  the  Bscal  year,  Oct.  10, 1865,  $5,254,346 ; 
the  resources  of  the  sinking  fund  are  ample 
to  pay  it  off  as  it  matures. 

During  the  war,  for  war  purposes,  the 
state  of  Ky.  borrowed  and  expended  $3,- 
621,000.  Of  this  sum,  on  Oct.  10,  1865, 
the  Federal  government  had  refunded 
$1,051,000,  and  in  addition  was  entitled  to 
credit  for  $606,641 — Kentucky's  proportion 
of  the  .$20,000,000  direct  tax  levied  by 
congress,  and  which  the  state  assumed. 
There  is  still  due  from  the  Federal  govern- 
ment $1,963,359— enough  to  pay  all  debts 
of  a  military  character  against  the  state. 

The  valuation  of  slave  property  in  1865 
is  only  $7,224,851 ;  in  1864  it  was  $34,- 
179,246. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ending  Oct.  10, 
1865,  and  Oct.  10,  1845,  respectively,  there 
were  paid  from  the  state  treasury,  for  the 
following  objects  : 


Oct. 111,1365. 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum $13,469  ., 

Blind  Asylum \3.im  . 

Eastern  Lunatic  Asylum 4.3,733  . 

■"     ■         "  ■     ■      ■  <n,SoU  . 


Care  of  Idiots.. 


Oct.10,184.5. 


Kentucky  sick  and  v 


Salaries    oi    Btat'e""offl'ceri 

clerks,  judges,  *c 

Stationery  tor  public  use... 


worked  by  Public 

7,779  . 

8,223  . 


■  I  8,100 


Dec.  4  —  Legislature  meets.  Harrison 
Taylor  again  elected  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives,  receiving  57  votes,  and 
Col.  Alex.  M.  Stout  34. 

Dec.  8 — In  the  circuit  court  at  Louis- 
ville, Judge  Geo.  W.  Johnston  dismisses 
the  indictment  against  Gen.  John  M. 
Palmer  for  aiding  a  slave  to  escape — upon 
the  ground  that,  before  the  indictment, 
the  requisite  number  of  states  had  adopted 
the  Xlllth  amendment  to  the  U.  S.  Con- 
stitution, abolishing  slavery  ;  therefore  all 
criminal  and  penal  laws  of  Ky.  relating  to 
slavery  are  of  no  effect. 

Dec.  9 — Gov.  Bramlette,  by  special  mes- 
sage to  the  legislature,  recommends  that 


166 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


body  [which  alone  can  grant  pardon  for 
treason  against  tlie  state  of  Ky.]  to  grant 
a  general  pardon  of  all  indicted  in  the 
courts  of  this  state  for  treason  by  acts  of 
war  within  Ky.  against  the  U.  S.  Jan.  13, 
1866,  a  law  to  that  effect  is  approved,  hav- 
ing passed  the  senate  by  18  to  11,  and  the 
house  by  67  to  34. 

Dec.  15 — The  court  of  appeals,  in  the 
case  of  Corbin  vs.  Marsh,  from  Nicholas 
CO.,  affirms  the  decision  of  Judge  An- 
drews— that  the  act  of  congress  of  March 
3,  1865,  setting  free  the  wives  and  children 
of  negro  soldiers,  was  unconstitutional 
and  void. 

Dec.  15— Large  fire  in  Owensboro ;  ten 
business  houses  and  contents  burned:  loss 
$230,000. 

Dec.  18— Death,  at  'Washington  city,  of 
paralysis,  of  ex-6ov.  Thos.  Corwin.of  Ohio. 
He  was  born  July  29,  1794,  in  Bourbon 
CO.,  Ky. 

Dec.  18- Legislature  (by  21  to  15  in  the 
senate,  and  62  to  33  in  the  house)  repeals 
the  act  of  Oct  1, 1861— declaring  any  citi- 
zen of  Ky.  who,  as  a  Confederate  soldier 
or  officer,  invades  this  state,  guilty  of 
felony,  to  be  punished  by  confinement  in 
the  penitentiary  from  1  to  10  years 


Dec.  : 


,(by  22  to  12  in  the  senate,  and  62 

to  33  in  the  house.) Repeals  (by  24 

to  12  in  the  senate,  and  61  to  32  in  the 
house)  the  act  of  Aug.  31,  1862,  requiring 
ministers  and  others  to  take  an  [■'  iron- 
clad"] oath  before  solemnizing  marriages. 

20— Repeals  the  act  of  Aug.  22, 1862, 

requiring  an  additional  ["iron-clad"]  oath 

from  jurors Makes  confirmed  lunacy 

of  three  years  a  ground  for  divorce. 

Dec.  18— Wm.  H.  Seward,  U.  S.  secre- 
tary of  state,  announces  by  proclamation, 
that  the  legislatures  of  27  states  out  of  36 
— three-fourths- have  ratified  the  Xlllth 
Amendment  abolishing  slavery,  and  it 
*'  has  become  valid  to  all  intents  and  pur- 
poses as  a  part  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States."  The  states  are  :  AUabama, 
Arkansas,  Connecticut,  Georgia,  Illinois, 
Indiana,  Kansas,  Louisiana,  Maine,  Mary- 
land, Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota, 
Missouri,  Nevada,  New  Hampshire,  New 
York,  North  Carolina,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania, 
Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee, 
Vermont,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Wis- 
consin—27.  Eight  of  these  belonged  to 
the  Southern  Confederacy,  and  are  states 
when  necessary  to  ratify  this  Constitu- 
tional amendment ;  but  treated  as  not  states 
when  claiming  a  representation  in  con- 
gress; they  are  still  kept  out  of  congress, 
although  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  provides  fur  and  requires  their  full 
representation  therein. 

Dec.  22— A  lot  of  48  Ky.  cattle,  mostly 
fed  by  Jacoby  and  Penn  in  Bourbon  eo., 
and  taken  to  New  York  for  a  market,  sold 
at  21  to  25  cents  per  lb.  They  were  nearly 
all  4  yeatS  old,  very  fine  animals,  some 
having  drawn  prizes  ;  4  sold  at  $350  each, 
4  at  $300,  4  at  $290,  2  at  $245,  12  at  $215, 
and  the  rest  at  figures  between  these — all 


first-class  butchers,  who  intend  to  make 
dendid  Christmas  show  of  fine  beef. 

Assistant  commissioner  of  the 
Freedmen's  Bureau,  Brevet  Maj.  Gen. 
Clinton  B.  Fisk,  by  circular  No.  10,  ex- 
tends the  guardianship  of  that  concern 
over  the  negroes  of  Ky.,  and  announces 
the  establishment  of  "agencies  of  the 
bureau  at  points  easy  of  access,  to  fairly 
adjust  the  labor  question,  and  to  see  that 
contracts  are  equitable  and  enforce  them." 

Dec.  23— The  Union  Coal  and  Oil  Co.,  at 
Maysville,  commences  the  manufacture  of 
paraffine  candles,  of  the  richest  blue,  pink 
and  yellow  colors,  as  well  as  white,  and  of 
22  per  cent,  greater  illuminating  power 
than  those  of  spermaceti. 

Dec.  29 — A  tornado  at  Bowling  Green 
blows  down  part  of  the  brick  walls  of  sev- 
eral houses,  unroofs  the  Branch  Bank  of 
Ky.and  other  buildings. 

1866,  Jan.  2— Phil.  Tompperf,  mayor  of 
Louisville,  deposed  by  the  city  council ; 
who  unanimously  elect  .James  S.  Lithgow 

Jan.  2— Northern  Bank  of  Ky.  declares 
a  semi-annual  dividend  of  10  per  cent.; 
and  the  Central  Bank  of  Ky.,  at  Danville, 
a  10  per  cent,  dividend  from  the  profits  of 
the  last  six  months,  and  18  per  cent,  out 
of  its  contingent  fund.  11  national  banks, 
with  $2,200,000  capital,  already  estab- 
lished in  Ky. 

Jan.  9 — Mysterious  murder,  in  Louis- 
ville, of  Rev.  Thos.  J.  Fisher,  of  the  Bap- 
tist church,  celebrated  for  thirty  years  past 
by  his  successful  labors  on  revival  occa- 
sions'. 

Jan.  10— In  the  circuit  court  at  Coving- 
ton, in  the  two  suits  of  H.  Aay  While  and 
John  J.  Macklin  against  Dr.  David  B. 
Miller,  John  M.  Bowen,  Thos.  Dempsey, 
and  R.  G.  Mathews — sued  as  the  "  board 
of  trade"  for  the  6th  congressional  district 
— Judge  Jos.  Doniphan  held  that  the  act 
of  congress  purporting  to  authorize  the 
removal  of  such  cases  to  the  United  States 
circuit  court  was  "unconstitutional,  as 
tending  to  the  utter  subversion  of  the  juris- 
diction of  the  state  courts  ;"  he  refused  the 
motion  for  removal.  The  defendants  claim 
that  "  in  taking  possession  of  the  bitsinesa 
liouses  of  'plaintiffs  and  excluding  them 
therefrom^  they  were  acting  tipoji  the  a»- 
thoritt/  of  President  Lincoln.'*  Damages 
claimed,  $5,000  and  $10,000  respectively. 

Jan.  10— Gen.  Henry  Heth,  late  of  the 
Confederate  States  army,  while  on  a  visit 
to  Cincinnati,  examines  the  earth-works 
thrown  up  in  the  rear  of  the  cities  of  Cov- 
ington and  Newport,  in  Sept.,  1862,  to 
check  the  progress  of  his  army.  He  said 
he  was  constantly  advised  of  the  accessions 
to  the  U.  S.  forces,  and  their  exact  situa- 
tion, and  was  abundantly  able  to  capture 
the  three  cities.  The  Cincinnati  Commer- 
cial reports  him  as  saying  that  "he  was 
fully  aware  of  the  absence  of  veterans,  and 
knew  when  Gen.  Granger  came  in  with  his 
regiments  from  Corinth.  He  telegraphed 
to  Gen.  Kirby  Smith,  at  Lexington,  that 
he  could  take  Cincinnati  with  the  loss  of 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


167 


perhaps  a  hundred  men,  and  asked  for  in- 
structions. Gen.  Smith's  reply  ordered 
him  to  talio  the  city.  He  promptly  pre- 
pared to  mass  his  forces  and  break  the 
greatly  extended  and  imperfect  Federal 
lines — fixing  the  time  and  place  to  do  so. 
But  a  second  telegraph  from  Gen.  Smith 
informed  him  that  Gen.  Buell's  movements 
made  it  necessary  for  Gen.  Bragg  to  con- 
centrate his  whole  army  j  that  a  division 
could  not  be  spared,  even  to  hold  Cincin- 
nati ;  and  that  after  Buell  was  whipped  in 
Ky.,  the  cities  on  the  Ohio  river  would 
fall  into  their  hands  without  further  fight- 
ing. This  compelled  a  countermand  of  the 
order  to  advance  upon  the  Federal  intrench- 
ments,  and  the  Confederate  troops  moved 
off  rapidly  to  the  center  of  Ky."  [Addi- 
tional proof  of  the  incompetency  of  the 
Confederate  general,  Braxton  Bragg  I] 

Jan.  11 — State  farmers'  convention  at 
Frankfort;  40  counties  represented. 

Jan.  12 — Legislature  enacts  a  law  to 
prevent  the  careless  or  wanton  or  malicious 
use  of  deadly  weapons  ;  gives  to  the  widow 
and    children   action   against   the    slayer, 

with  vindictive  damages Makes  it  a 

misdemeanor,  punishable  by  fine  of  from 
$50  to  $500,  to  sign  the  name  of  another 
to  certain  petitions,  memorials,  or  remon- 
strances   19 — Increases  the  salaries 

of  circuit  court  judges  to  $2,200,  and  of 

court  of  appeals  judges  to   $2,700 

24 — RemonsI  rates  with  congress  against  a 

tax  on  leaf  tobacco 26 — The  governor 

requested  to  obtain  from  the  U.  S.  secre- 
tary of  war  copies  of  the  rolls  of  Ky.  sol- 
diers in  the  Mexican  war,  there  being  none 
now  in  possession  of  the  state  authorities. 

Jan.  13 — A  bill  chartering  the  Grant 
Deposit  Bank  of  Louisville — all  the  cor- 
porators of  which  are  men  of  color — passes 
the  senate  by  22  to  7,  but  is  not  acted  on 
in  the  house. 

Jan.  13— Death,  in  Boyle  co.,  of  John 
Spears,  sen.,  aged  nearly  95  years.  Al- 
though a  boy  of  ten  years  at  the  time,  he 
was  with  the  patriot  army  as  an  assistant 
in  charge  of  a  wagon,  and  witnessed  the 
surrender  of  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown,  Va. 

Jan.  15 — The  public  buildings — court 
house  or  clerks'  offices— in  each  of  28  coun- 
ties were  destroyed,  or  more  or  less  injured, 
during  the  war;  as  appears  from  a  bill 
introduced  in  the  legislature  to  restore 
them. 

Jan.  15 — "Ashland" — so  long  the  home 
of  Henry  Clay,  near  Lexington,  embracing 
325  acres  of  the  best  land  in  the  bluegrass 
region— purchased  at  $90,000  by  the  trus- 
tees of  Ky.  University,  as  the  site  for  one 
of  its  departments,  the  new  Agricultural 
College. 

Jan.  17— Gold  in  New  York  139%. 

Jan.  18— The  senate,  by  21  to  14,  re- 
jects the  nomination,  made  Dec.  15,  1865, 
of  Wm.  L.  Neale  as  treasurer  of  Ky.,  for 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Jas. 
H.  Garrard — to  commence  Jan.  1,  1866. 
Next  day,  Capt.  Wm.  L.  Neale  having 
tendered  his  resignation  of  the  commis- 
sion be  now  holds  as  treasurer  of  Ky.,  the 


governor  nominates,  and  the  senate  by  35 
for  to  1  against,  confirms  Gen.  Thos.  L. 
Crittenden  to  be  treasurer. 

Jan.  20— The  house  of  representatives 
rescinds  a  resolution  of  that  body,  adopted 
Jan.  19,  1864,  which  dispensed  for  the  re- 
mainder of  that  session,  with  the  services 
of  Rev.  Jas.  M.  Lancaster  and  Rev.  Jno. 
N.  Norton,  (one  of  whom,  or  of  the  other 
resident  ministers  of  Frankfort,  had  for 
years  opened  with  prayer  the  sessions  of 
each  branch  of  the  legisUature,)  "  because 
they  would  not  or  did  »ot  take  a  certain  oath 
prescribed  by  law."  The  rescission  now  is 
because  **it  appears  that  said  resolution 
and  the  report  accompanying  it  was  an 
improper  and  unjust  reflection  upon  their 
private  and  ministerial  cliaracter." 

Jan.  22 — Convention  of  amateur  fisher- 
men at  Frankfort ;  stock-books  opened  for 
the  Ky.  Piscatorial  Co.,  and  the  legisla- 
ture memorialized  to  protect  the  fishing 
interest  of  the  state. 

Jan.  23 — Hog  cholera  quite  prevalent  in 
several  counties. 

Jan.  23 — Gen.  Abraham  Buford  receives 
at  his  farm  near  Versailles,  Woodford  oo., 
the  celebrated  English  stallion  Leaming- 
ton, which  cost  $22,000,  and  two  mares, 
Jerusalem  and  Lady  Moments,  which  were 
valued  at  $2,500  each  in  England. 

Jan.  24  —  Alarming  prevalence  of  the 
small-pox  among  the  negroes  in  Louis- 
ville. 

Jan.  25— The  house  unanimously , and  the 
senate  with  a  slight  amendment,  adopted 
the  following  joint  resolution: 

"  Whereas,  it  is  represented  in  the  public 
journals  that  Maj.  Gen.  Clinton  B.  Fisk, 
the  head  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  in  Ky,, 
did,  on  the  18th  inst.,  deliver  an  address 
in  the  city  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  which 
he  made,  amongst  others,  these  state- 
ments: 

"  Only  the  day  before  yesterday,  in  Lex- 
ington, thirteen  discharged  colored  sol- 
diers stood  in  the  streets,  in  full  sight  of 
Henry  Clay's  monument,  with  their  bodies 
lacerated,  their  backs  bleeding  from  the 
cruel  lash,  their  heads  cut  to  the  scalp, 
and  one  or  two  of  them  with  their  eyes 
put  out !  And  what  for,  do  you  suppose  ? 
Simply  for  going  to  their  former  masters 
and  asking  for  their  wives  and  children. 
I  appealed  to  the  civil  authorities  in  their 
behalf,  and  was  told  there  was  no  law  in 
Ky.  to  help  them.  I  heard  there  of  a 
slave  to  be  sold  on  a  certain  day  ;  I  made 
an  arrangement  with  the  master  commis- 
sioner to  buy  him  myself — aa  the  last  slave 
to  be  sold  in  Ky  !" 

"  And  whereas,  it  is  believed  that  those 
statements  have  no  foundation  in  fact,  and 
are  calculated  to  place  the  people  of  Ky.  in 
a  false  light  before  the  country  ;  therefore, 
be  it  Resolved,  that  a  committee  be  ap- 
pointed, of  two  from  the  house  and  one 
from  the  senate,  to  proceed  immediately 
to  Lexington,  and  ascertain  the  truth  or 
falsity  of  the  statements,"  ke.  Wm.  A. 
Dudley,  from  the  senate,  and  Benj.  F. 
Buckner  and  John    M.  Armstrong,   from 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


the  house,  were  appointed  the  committee, 
Feb.  15— The  committee  reported  an  out- 
line of  the  testimony  taken,  with  the  tes- 
timony in  full,  and  a  letter  of  Feb.  2  from 
Gen.  Fisk  ;  and  came  to  the  conclusion — 
"  that  the  charges  made  by  Gen.  Fisk  are 
false  and  slanderous  ;  they  are  but  a  c 
tinuation  of  the  system  of  misrepresei 
tion  to  which  the  people  of  this  state  have 
been  exposed  for  several  years — a  system 
introduced   and   persevered   in   by  offici 
holders  of  the  general  government,  in  ordi 
to  extend  and  continue  their  own  profits 
and  powers  ;  and  but  too  much  encouraged 
by  certain   citizens  of  the  state  itself,  ' 
the    hope    of    recommending    themsei\ 
thereby  to  the  patronage  of  the  party 
power  at  Washington."     Mr.  Armstro: 
filed  a  minority  report — saying  "  he  had 
not  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  the  al- 
leged  statements  of  Gen.  Fisk   are  fain 
and  ftlanderouSf"  and  arguing  in  favor  of 
further  time  for  a  more  full  investigation. 
Gen.Fisk's  letter  spoke  of  being  denounced 
as    a   "liar   and  slanderer,"  and  said  h( 
would  "  retract  before  the  world  if  it  should 
appear  that  he  had  in  the  least  misrepre- 
sented the  people"  of  Ky.     On  motion  of 
Mr.  Armstrong,  amended  by  others,  Feb. 
17,  the  committee  was  directed  to  sit  dur- 
ing the  recess  and  make  the  investigation 
at  an  early  day,  giving  Gen.  Fisk  notice 
to   attend,   cross-examine    and   introduce 
witnesses  ;  when  finished,  to  furnish  a  full 
report  of  the  testimony,  with  their  decisi 
thereon,  to  the  governor,  who  **is  hereby 
directed  to  furnish  the  same  to  the  p; 
dent  of  the  United  States." 

Jan.  26 — Great  storm  in  Logan  co. 
midnight;  a  number  of  tobacco  barns  and 
stables  blown  down,  horses  and  m 
killed,  fencing  for  miles  blown  away,  and 
much  other  damage  done. 

Jan.  27— Jno.  H.  Harney  elected  public 
printer,  by  the  legislature,  receiving  7S 
votes,  Albert  G.  Hodges  42,  Geo.  D.  Pren- 
tice 3,  Thos.  M.  Green  1.  In  the  caucu: 
of  the  Conservative  members  of  the  legis- 
lature, previously,  the  2d  ballot  stood 
Green  41,  Harney  26,  Samuel  I.  M.  Major 
8  ;  but  on  the  3d  ballot,  Harney  was  nom- 
inated. 

Jan.  27— The  house,  by  68  to  21,  resolved 
that  the  speaker  appoint  a  committee  to 
inquire  into  certain  charges  against  Judge 
Wm.  C.  Goodloe — that  he  "had  been  guilty 
of  a  high  misdemeanor  in  requiring,  of  his 
own  will  and  without  authority  of  law,  the 
clerk  of  the  Fayette  circuit  court  to  enter 
an  order  dismissing  indictments  for  crimes 
found  against  David  S.  Goodloe,  Hiram 
Shaw,  and  others,  at  the  appearance  term 
and  immediately  after  the  grand  jury  had 
returned  the  same  into  court;  and  also 
that  he  had  been  guilty  of  other  malprac- 
tices in  ofiice  ;  with  power  in  said  commit- 
tee to  sit  at  any  place  in  this  state,  to  sum- 
mon, swear,  and  examine  witnesses,  and 
report  in  writing  at  as  early  a  day  as  prac- 
ticable." Jos.  W.  Davis,  Geo.  W.  Carlisle, 
and  Wm.  L.  Conklin  were  appointed  the 
special  committee.     Feb.  1— The  commit- 


tee were  "  instructed  to  give  to  Judge 
Goodloe  notice  of  their  sitting — that  he 
may  introduce  testimony  before  them,  and 
cross-examine  witnesses  introduced  to  tes- 
tify against  him  ;  provided  that,  in  the  ab- 
sence of  the  witnesses,  said  depositions 
shall  be  read  as  evidence  on  the  final  trial, 
if  said  Goodloe  shall  be  impeached"  before 
the  senate  of  Ky.  This  proviso,  that  tho 
depositions  should  be  read  on  the  trial, 
was  repealed,  Feb.  6,  and  afterwards,  on 
same  day,  a  communication  from  Judge 
Goodloe,  dated  Feb.  5,  was  read— which 
strongly  protested  against  being  deprived 
of  the  Constitutional  right  to  meet  the 
witnesses  face  to  face.  The  select  com- 
mittee were  then  discharged  from  the  fur- 
ther consideration  of  the  same,  and  the 
whole  matter  referred  to  the  committee  on 
the  judiciary — who,  Feb.  14,  were  directed 
to  sit  during  the  recess,  "with  power  to 
send  for  persons  and  papers,  to  swear  wit- 
nesses, and  do  any  other  act  necessary  to 
the  proper  investigation  of  the  alleged 
malpractices  of  said  Goodloe." 

Jan.  30 — Explosion  of  splendid  steamer 
Missouri,  in  Ohio  river,  near  the  mouth  of 
Green  river ;  boat  wrecked,  and  nearly 
100  lives  lost. 

Feb.  1—24  counties  report  8,138  sheep, 
of  value  $20,273,  killed  by  dogs,  in  1865. 

Feb.  .3— While  Jas.  W.  Poore,  late  a  Fed- 
eral soldier — who,  on  yesterday,  when  in 
a  state  of  intoxication,  killed  a  negro  man 
without  provocation — was  undergoing  his 
examining  trial  before  Judge  Thomas  Ed- 
wards, at  Harrodsburg,  Capt.  Wm.  Good- 
loe, of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau,  makes  his 
appearance  with  a  detachment  of  negro 
soldiers,  and  presents  an  order  from  Gen. 
Clinton  B.  Fisk  for  the  custody  of  the 
prisoner ;  the  civil  authorities  are  com- 
pelled to  submit,  and  the  prisoner  is  taken 
to  Camp  Nelson.  Feb.  10— The  legisla- 
ture—by a  vote  of  76  to  2  in  tho  house, 
and  unanimous  in  the  senate — appoints 
committees  to  "  present  the  matter  to  the 
governor,  and  request  him  to  call  on  the 
president  to  remove  inetanlli/  from  oftice  and 
command  Clinton  B.  Fisk  and  Wm.  Good- 
loe, .and  deliver  them  to  the  civil  authori- 
ties of  this  state  to  be  tried  for  their  viola- 
tion of  the  laws ;  and  that  the  prisoner  be 
remanded  back  to  the  civil  authorities  for 
trial."  Such  prompt  and  decided  action 
and  unanimity  had  its  (partial)  effect. 
Feb.  14— The  governor  sent  to  the  house  a 
despatch  from  Gen.  Fisk,  then  at  St.  Louis, 
saying  he  "  had  ordered  that  Poore,  the 
murderer,  be  returned  to  the  civil  author- 
ities for  trial.  Officials  of  the  Bureau  are 
directed  to  adjudicate  difficulties  only  in 
such  cases  as  the  testimony  of  colored  per- 
sons is  excluded  by  tho  civil  code." 

Feb.  3— Legislature  passes  an  act  author- 
izing married  women  and  minors  to  deposite 
in  banks  and  check  out 5 — Estab- 
lishes a  criminal  court  in  the  9th  district, 
Bracken,  Campbell,  Harrison,  Kenton,  and 
Pendleton  counties Repeals  the  act 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


Loans  $20,000  to  the  Agricultural  College, 

upon    special    terms Exempts  froin 

execution  or  attachment  for  debts  a  home- 
stead of  $1,000,  of  white  house-keepers, 
with  a  family 14— $37,000  appropri- 
ated to  complete  building  of  Western  Lu- 
natic Asylum  and  furnish  same Rail- 
roads shall  transport  coal  mined  in  the 
state  at  not  exceeding  2M  cents  per  ton  of 
2,000  pounds  per  mile,  or  if  in  shippers' 

dren  going  to  and  from  school  exempt  from 

turnpike  tolls Made  finable  to  hunt 

or  shoot  on  the  Sabbath 17 — Bounty 

allowed  for  killing  wolf  $2^4,  wildcat  $1%, 

red  fox  $2,  and  grey  fox  $1 Military 

interference  shall  make  any  election  in- 
valid. 

Feb.  4— Death,  at  Bethany,  near  Wheel- 
ing, West  Virginia,  aged  77,  of  Elder  Alex. 
Campbell,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Re- 
formed Baptist  or  Christian  church. 

Feb.  5— Death,  at  Glasgow,  of  William 
Sampson,  chief  justice  of  Ky.  Gov.  Bram- 
leLte  appoints  ex-chief  justice  Thomas  A. 
Marshall  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

Feb.  6  — Death,  at  Ashland,  aged  78 
years,  of  Aaron  Dupee,  the  faithful  serv- 
ant of  Henry  Clay — who  accompanied  him 
in  all  his  travels  in  Europe,  and  during 
his  residence  in  public  life  in  Washington 
city. 

Feb.  6— Jno.  Lucas,  as  executor  of  Wm. 
Garth,  dec'd,  notiBes  the  public  that  he  is 
ready  to  pay  over  the  sum  of  $42,612  for 
the  endowment  of  a  professorship  of  math- 
ematics in  a  college  to  be  located  at  Paris, 
Bourbon  co.,  so  soon  as  $100,000  additional 
is  secured  to  establish  such  college. 

Feb.  6— A.  W.  Lawwill,  superintendent 
of  Freedmen's  Bureau  in  Mason  co.,  ad- 
dresses to  Thos.  Daulton,  mayor  of  Mays- 
ville  and  also  a  justice  of  the  peace,  two 
communications  "  proposing  that  he  shall 
act  as  agent  of  said  Bureau  in  the  admin- 
istration of  justice,  and  in  such  case  admit 
the  testimoni/  of  colored  men  in  his  courts." 
Daulton  replies  indignantly  to  some  of 
Lawwill's  snggcstions,  then  adds  :  "  While 
not  recognizing  your  right  in  the  premises, 
it  is  respectful  to  say,  that  in  all  cases 
where  the  laws  of  Ky.  allow  negroes  to 
testify,  they  are  freely  heard  in  my  courts 
and  never  denied  the  privilege." 

Feb.  7— In  the  U.  S.  house  of  represen- 
tatives, Mr.  Stevens'  proposition  in  refer- 
ence to  the  Freedmen's  Bureau — which 
involved  giving  of  homesteads  to  the 
freedmen,  from  forfeited  lands  of  the 
Southern  white  people — was  voted  down, 
ayes  37,  nays  126.  Of  the  Ky.  delegation. 
Green  Clay  Smith,  AVm.  H.  Randall,  and 
Samuel  McKee  voted  for  it,  and  Lovell  11. 
Rousseau,  Burwell  C.  Ritter,  Aaron  Hard- 
ing, Geo.  S.  Shanklin,  Henry  Grider,  and 
Lawrence  S.  Trimble  against  it. 

Feb.  10 — A  petition,  signed  by  70  mem- 
bers of  the  Ky.  legislature,  asking  the 
pardon  of  Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge,  sent 
to  President  Johnson. 

Feb.  10— "One-arm"  Berry,  the  noted 
guerrilla,  tried  by  a  military  commission 


at  Louisville,  found  guilty  of  11  separate 
murders,  and  condemned  to  be  hung  on 
March  3d.  Subsequently,  Gen.  Palmer 
commutes  the  sentence  to  10  years  impris- 
onment in  the  penitentiary  at  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

Feb.  —The  seats  of  the  following  sen- 
ators were  contested,  declared  vacant,  and 
new  elections  ordered;  1.  Dr.  A.  Sidney 
Allan,  of  Clark  co.,  by  Harrison  Thomp- 
son ;  2.  R.  Tarvin  Baker,  of  Campbell  co., 
by  Geo.  R.  Fearons ;  3.  Mortimer  M.  Ben- 
ton, of  Kenton  CO.,  by  John  G.  Carlisle; 
4.  Lucien  B.  Goggin,  of  Mason  co.,  by  Wm. 
C.  Halbert.  Mr.  Baker  was  again  elected, 
and  Messrs.  Thompson,  Carlisle,  and  Hal- 
bert. 

In  the  house,  the  seats  were  contested 
and  declared  vacant  of  the  following:  1. 
Geo.  W.  Ballew,  of  Madison  co.,  by  A.  J. 
Mershon  ;  2.  Lander  Barber,  of  Bath  co., 
by  Basil  D.  Lacy  ;  3.  Ulysses  Pelham 
Degman  and  Jacob  Hawthorn,  of  Camp- 
bell CO.,  by  John  C.  Beck  and  Jas.  White; 
4.  Richard  Gregory,  of  Hopkins  co.,  by 
Wm.  A.  Morton  ;  5.  Dr.  James  Wilson,  of 
Pendleton  co.,  by  Wm.  A.  Brann;  6.  John 
Stroube,  of  Bracken  co.,  by  Wm.  H.  Rey- 
nolds ;  7.  Daniel  Murphy,  of  Garrard  co., 
by  W.  J.  Lusk.  Messrs.  Degman  and 
Hawthorn  were  again  elected,  and  Messrs. 
Mershon,  Lacy,  Brann,  Reynolds,  and 
Lusk;  Chas.  S.  Green  was  elected  in  place 
of  R.  Gregory. 

These  seats  were  declared  vacant  because 
the  election  in  each  case  was  "  neither  free 
nor  equal  in  the  sense  required  in  the  Con- 
stitution," or  was  "controlled  by  force 
and  violence,"  or  was  "  regulated,  con- 
trolled, and  unduly  influenced  by  armed 
soldiers  in  the  service  of  the  United  States, 
in  utter  disregard  of  the  law."  The  testi- 
mony proved  that  soldiers,  armed  with 
guns  and  bayonets,  in  some  cases  took 
possession  of  the  polls,  so  far  as  to  arrest 
some  and  threaten  to  arrest  others  who 
were  accused  of  having  Southern  sym- 
pathy, and  prevent  them  from  voting.  At 
the  Cold  Spring  precinct,  in  Campbell  co., 
several  witnesses  swore  that  Capt.  Jas.  AY. 
Re.ad,  53d  Ky.,  arrested  seven  voters,  sep- 
arately, and  put  them  under  guard  in  a 
pen,  15  steps  from  the  polls,  and  in  full 
view  of  the  turnpike  ;  that  he  grossly  in- 
sulted, abused,  and  cursed  one,  threatened 
to  shoot,  and  threatened  to  gag  him  ;  that 
he  tied  two  of  them  with  ropes,  their  backs 
to  a  tree,  their  arms  drawn  behind  them 
and  tied — in  which  position  they  were 
kept  from  about  8  A.  M,  until  73^  p.  M. 
Capt.  John  F.  Herbert,  of  Gen.  Palmer's 
staff,  was  there,  released  several  from  the 
pen,  but  refused  to  release  others.  Many 
trages,  only    less  violent,  were 


'Cd. 


Feb.  13— A  committee,  of  John  B.  Bru- 
ner  and  Milton  J.  Cook  in  the  senate,  and 
Dr.  John  F.  McMillan,  John  Draffin,  and 
Jno.  M.  Armstrong  in  the  house,  appointed 
to  receive  propositions  from  Louisville 
and  other  places  for  the  removal  of  the 
seat  of  government  from  Frankfort. 


170 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Feb.  14 — Legislature  passes  seven  acts 
concerning  negroes ;  conferring  certain 
civil  rights,  relieving  ttiem  from  most  of 
their  legal  disabilities  as  slaves,  making 
them  subject  to  the  same  punishments  for 
crime  and  misconduct  as  whites  (except 
for  rape  on  white  women),  authorizing 
schools  and  appropriating  to  the  education 
of  their  children  all  taxes  collected  from 
the  colored  race,  except  so  much,  not  over 
one-half,  as  may  be  necessary  to  support 
their  paupers  ;  besides  other  provisions. 

Feb.  15  — Gen.  Henry  E.  Read  of  La- 
rue CO.,  Col.  Jack  Allen  of  Shelby  co.. 
Col.  John  D.  Morris  of  Hopkinsville, 
(former  "provisional  treasurer  of  Ky."), 
Lewis  Garth,  Messrs.  Bell,  and  a  number 
of  others  — ex-Confederate  military  and 
civil  oflicers — arrested  for  treason, by  direc- 
tion of  Judge  Bland  Ballard,  of  the  U.  S. 
district  court  forKy.,and  released  on  parole 
to  answer  at  the  ensuing  term  of  the  court. 

Feb.  17 — Legislature,  claiming  "to  have 
enacted  laws  for  the  colored  population — 
characterized  by  justice  and  humanity, 
suited  to  their  present  condition,  and  nec- 
essary and  proper  for  their  welfare" — by 
resolution  "  requests  the  president  of  the 
U.  S.  to  cause  a  removal  of  the  Freed- 
men's  Bureau  from  this  state  ;"  and  also 
to  revoke  his  order  suspending  the  writ  of 
habeas  corpus. 

Feb.  18— The  Freedmen's  Bureau  proves 
itself  a  dangerous  machine.  In  Louis- 
ville, about  two  years  ago.  Dr.  Keller  was 
annoyed  by  a  little  mulatto  boy  living  near 
by,  who  persisted  in  ringing  the  doctor's 
door-bell;  until  Dr.  K.  caught  him  at  it, 
and  switched  his  legs  for  it.  The  mother 
came  up  and  abused  the  doctor  with  the 
vilest  of  epithets,  which  he  resented  by 
striking  her  several  times  with  a  whip.  For 
this  he  was  first  arraigned  before  the  police 
court,  where  the  case  was  dismissed."  He 
was  then  brought  before  a  military  court 
and  sentenced  to  30  days'  imprisonment, 
but  was  let  off  before  the  expiration  of  the 
term.  Next  he  was  sued  for  $5,000  dam- 
ages, which  case  is  still  pending.  And 
now  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  arraigns  and 
fines  him  $50.  What  the  end  will  be,  un- 
der the  military  tyranny  of  the  day,  is 
yet  to  be  developed  ! 

Feb.  22— Large  and  enthusiastic  meet- 
inff  at  Louisville,  without   distinction    of 


presided,  and  was  one  of  the  speakers. 

Feb.  22— Cnpt.  Jas.  W.  Read,  late  of  the 
55th  Ky.,  fined  $4,000  by  a  jury  in  the 
circuit  court  at  Alexandria,  Campbell  co. — 
upon  two  indictments  charging  him  with 
preventing  legal  voters  from  voting  at  the 
last  August  election  ;  and  for  a  like  offense, 
Capt.  J.  H.  Lennin,  late  of  the  53d  Ky.,  is 
fined  $500.  Being  unable  or  unwilling  to 
pay  the  fine,  both  were  cast  into  jail — first 
telegraphing  to  Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas, 
"  who  had  issued  an  order  that  no  citizen 
should  be  arrested  and  iuijirisoncd  for  acts 
committed  while  in  the  military  service  of 
the  U.  S." 


Feb.  25 — Jesse  Root  Grant,  father  of 
Lieut.  Gen.  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  appointed 
postmaster  of  Covington,  in  place  of  Ham- 
ilton Cummings,  removed  for  the  purpose. 

Feb.  27— Golden  wedding,  at  Maysville, 
of  Christian  Shultz  and  wife  Charlotte— a 
daughter  of  Gen.  Henry  Lee,  who  came  to 
Kv.  in  1779. 

March  10— Jas.  Guthrie,  of  Ky.,  on  the 
floor  of  the  U.  S.  senate,  states  his  opinion 
"that  ten  thousand  millions' worth  of  prop- 
erty has  been  destroyed  in  the  South,"  in 
consequence  of  the  war. 

March  25— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged 
77,  of  Thos.  Smith— over  50  years  ago,  an 
enterprising  publisher  afLexington,  first 
of  the  Ky.  Gazelle  and  then  of  the  Reporter. 

March  25— The  affairs  of  the  Ky.  Trust 
Co.  bank  at  Covington,  which  closed  doors 
in  1854,  finally  wound  up.  The  entire 
circulation,  over  $1,000,000,  has  been  re- 
deemed, dollar  for  dollar,  and  every  de- 
March  26— Duel,  with  pistols,  on  the 
farm  of  Jas.  K.  Duke  in  Seott  co.,  between 
Capt.  Joseph  Desha  and  Capt.  Alex.  Kim- 
brough,  both  of  Harrison  co.;  on  the  sec- 
ond round,  Kimbrough  wounded  in  the 
hip,  not  dangerously  ;  cause — a  personal 
matter  before  the  war,  renewed  since; 
Desha  was  in  the  Confederate,  and  Kim- 
brough in  the  Federal  army. 

March  26  — U.  S.  supreme  court,  at 
Washington  city,  decides  that  the  shares 
of  National  banks  are  personal  property, 
and  as  such,  subject  to  state  taxation. 

March  26— Geo.  W.  Spurrier,  of  Shelby 
CO.,  has  just  purchased,  for  $1,150,  a  steer 
6  years  old,  which  weighs  4,000  pounds — 
probably  the  largest  in  the  country. 

March  27,  28— .4t  Paris,  a  negro  man 
commits  a  rape  on  a  white  child  ten  years 
old,  then  cuts  her  throat  and  disembowels 
her.  He  is  taken  out  of  jail  by  the  citi- 
zens, and  hnng. 

March  27 — Maj.  Gen.  Palmer  tenders 
his  resignation.  Maj.  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis, 
of  Indiana,  is  his  successor,  as  military 
commandant  of  Ky. 

March  28 — Bertrand,  a  returned  negro 
soldier,  hung  by  a  mob  at  Paris — for  rape 
and  murder  of  a  daughter  of  Thos.  Doolin, 
4  miles  from  Paris. 

April  1  — Discoveries  of  lead  ore  in 
Owen,  Scott,  Fayette,  Grayson,  and  other 
counties,  and  of  oil  in  Barren,  Cumber- 
land, Pendleton,  Alontgomery,  and  many 
other  counties. 

April  1— Death,  at  Boston,  aged  about 
75  years,  of  Chester  Harding— who  has 
painted  the  portraits  of  more  distinguished 
men  in  Europe  and  America  than  any  one 
living.  Besides  portraits  of  Henry  Clay, 
Daniel  Webster,  James  Madison,  James 
Monroe,  John  Quincy  Adams,  and  Wash- 
ington Alston,  he  hunted  up  the  great 
pioneer    Daniel    Boone    in     his    Missouri 


I  of 


ige, 


pro- 


served   his   features  — believed  to   be    the 

only  portrait  of  him  ever  taken  from  life. 

April  2— President  Johnson,  by  f  .rmal 

proclamation,  declares  "  the   insurrection 


1866. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


which  heretofore  existed  in  the  Southern 
stMtes  at  an  end,  and  Lenueforth  to  be  so 
regarded." 

April  5  — Rer.  Stuart  Robinson,  D.  D., 
of  the  2d  Presbyterian  church,  Louisville, 
returns  from  Canada,  after  several  years' 
absence,  and  resumes  his  pastorship. 

April  12,  14 — Several  eases  of  "Lynch 
law"  in  Boyle  and  Woodford  counties. 

April  17 — Sales  of  stock  of  Ky.  banks 
at  Lexington:  Northern  Bank  $127:10, 
Farmers'  $115,  Louisville  $102,  and  Com- 
mercial $100. 

April  23 — Isham  Henderson,  of  the  Lou- 
isville Journal,  arrested  by  Gen.  .Jeff.  C. 
Davis  and  Lieut.  Col.  Wm.  H.  Coyl,  under 
orders  from  Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas,  through 
Gen.  R.  AV.  Johnson,  at  Nashville— sues 
out  from  Judge  Bland  Ballard,  of  the  U.  S. 
district  court  for  Ky.,  a  writ  of  habeas 
corpus,  returnable  next  day.  (The  U.  S. 
secretary  of  war,  Edwin  M.  Stanton — in 
which  he  was  sustained  by  President  John- 
son— had  directed  that  Henderson  be  tried 
by  court  martial  at  Nashville,  on  a  charge 
of  complicity  in  the  corral  frauds  in  that 
city  ;  and  hence  the  order  for  his  arrest.) 
Gen.  Davis  and  Col.  Coyl  refused  to  obey 
the  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  alleging  the 
orders  of  their  superior  ofBcers ;  Davis 
producing  the  "  confidential "  telegram 
from  Gen.  Thomas,  which  directed  him  to 
arrest  Henderson,  "  send  him  under  guard 
to  the  provost  marshal  general  at  Nash- 
ville, and  obey  no  writ  of  habeas  corpus  in 
his  case."  Judge  Ballard  adjudged  these 
returns  insufficient,  and  issued  a  peremp- 
tory order  that  the  body  of  Isham  Hender- 
son be  forthwith  produced.  Davis  again 
shielded  himself  behind  Thomas,  and 
Coyl  behind  Davis  — both  again  refus- 
ing to  obey  the  writ.  Judge  Ballard  im- 
mediately ordered  their  arrest  for  contempt 
of  court.  Davis  resisted  the  order  of  ar- 
rest,and  JudgeBallard  decided  such  resist- 
ance a  criminal  act,  for  which  his  case 
would  be  presented  to  the  grand  jury. 
Henderson  was  forcibly  taken  to  Nash- 
ville, and  there  released  by  Gen.  Thomas 
under  bonds  to  appear  for  trial.  June  19 — 
Judge  Ballard  ordered  his  discharge  from 
the  custody  of  the  military  authorities ; 
but  Gen.  Thomas  refused  to  surrender  to 
Henderson  his  bonds,  notwithstanding  his 
release  from  trial  before  the  military.  It 
was  announced,  June  21,  that  he  would  be 
tried  before  the  U.  S.  court  at  Nashville, 
on  the  same  charges  for  which  he  was  ar- 
raigned before  the  general  court  martial 
there. 


May  1 — Democratic  state 
Louisville;  81  counties,  out  of  110,  in  the 
state,  represented.  Judge  Alvin  Duvall 
nominated   for   clerk  of  court  of  appeals. 


May  3 — Negro  man  hung  by  Lynch  law, 
at  Brunerstown,  Jefferson  eo.,  for  rape  on 
a  white  girl  9  years  old.  May  7 — Negro 
hung  at  Frankfort,  by  the  same  law,  for 
attempt  at  rape  on  a  white  child  7  years 
old.  May  18  —  Negro  hung  by  Lynch 
law  at  Owensboro,  for  attempted  rape  on  a 
white  young  lady. 

May  4 — Death,  in  Louisville,  of  Capt. 
Thos.  Joyes,  aged  77— the  first  white  male 
born  in  that  place. 

May  8 — Total  valuation  of  taxable  prop- 
erty in  Louisville  $46,720,000. 

May  10  — The  venerable  Elder  ("Rac- 
coon") John  Smith,  of  the  Christian 
Church,  (a  citizen  of  Ky.,  nearly  82  years 
old,  and  for  68  years  a  minister,)  having 
been  preaching  occasionally  for  several 
months  in  the  town  of  Mexico,  Missouri— 
without  having  taken,  and  having  posi- 
tively refused  to  take,  the  test  oath  required 
by  the  new  Constitution  of  Missouri,  of  all 
ministers  of  the  gospel  —  Indicted  by  the 
grand  jury  several  weeks  since ;  to-day, 
just  after  having  bidden  his  children  and 
friends  farewell,  and  started  to  the  train 
going  towards  his  Ky.  home,  he  was  ar- 
rested by  the  sheriflF;  who  politely  told 
him  the  cause  of  his  arrest:  "We  all 
know  that  you  are  a  Uoion  man,  but  you 
have  preached  without  taking  the  oath." 
"  I  have  done  so,"  replied  the  brave  old 
elder,  "  and  I  shall  preach  on  without  tak- 
ing it.  I  say  this,  not  in  the  spirit  of  re- 
sistance to  law,  but,  with  the  example  of 
the  first  Christians  before  me,  I  submit  to 
law,  and  take  the  penalty;  I  will  not  tajae 
the  oath!  You  will  have  no  trouble  in 
conducting  me  to  jail ;  but  tell  ray  friends 
to  build  them  an  arbor  near  my  window,  for 
I  will  still  try  to  preach  to  them.  I  never 
flee  from  civilized  man."  The  sheriff,  un- 
willing to  incarcerate  the  noble  minister, 
presented  a  bail  bond  for  his  appearance 
for  trial  on  Oct.  15,  1866,  .and  begged  him 
to  sign  it;  "Any  one  will  go  on  it  as  your 
security;  if  the  law  permitted,  I  would  do 
it  myself."  He  refused  positively,  prefer- 
ring to  suffer  :  but  upon  being  informed 
that  at  least  100  men  had  resolved  to  de- 
liver him  from  prison,  at  the  risk  of  their 
lives,  that  blood  would  doubtless  be  shed 
in  the  attempt  and  some  of  his  own  friends 
might  fall,  he  hesitated.  Rather  than  be 
the  occasion  of  a  human  life  being  taken, 
he  resolved  to  give  up  ;  with  a  palsied  and 
trembling  hand,  he  signed  the  bond.  It 
was  done  reluctantly,  and  gave  his  brave 
heart  great  pain.     [The  trial  never  came 


The 


ath 


of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  indictment  afterwards  dis- 
missed.] « 

May  12 — Large  emigration,  by  wagon 
through  central  Ky.,  from  North  Carolina 
and  East  Tennessee  to  Illinois  and  In- 
diana. 

May  12— Murder,  in  Paris,  of  Robert  T. 
Armstrong  by  Robert  Merimee. 

May  17 — Lebanon  branch  of  the  Louis- 

*  Life  of  Elder  John  Smith,  p.  002. 


172 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


ville    and   Nashville    railroad    opened    to 
Stanfoi-d,  Lincoln  co. 

May  23— Death,  at  Frankfort,  of  Ephra- 
ini  L.  Van  Winkle,  secretary  of  state. 
His  brother,  John  S.  Van  Winkle,  ap- 
pointed to  the  vacancy. 

May  26— Rev.  Lewis  G.  Barbour,  now 
city  surveyor  of  Lexington,  announces  to 
surveyors  that  he  has  just  determined  the 
variation  of  the  magnetic  needle  by  an 
observation  of  the  North  Star  on  its  merid- 
ian, 3°  35'  east.  In  the  spring  of  1852, 
while  engineering  on  the  Lexington  and 
Danville  railroad,  he  took  the  variation  at 
Shakertown  and  in  .Jessamine  co. — then  a 
little  over  4°.  This  corresponds  with  the 
statements  of  writers  on  the  subject — th.at, 
in  the  Western  states  gener.ally,  the  varia- 
tion is  diminishing  at  the  rate  of  nearly  2' 
per  year.  The  annual  variation  of  2' 
should  he  added  to  all  S.  W.  and  S.  E. 
courses,  and  subtracted  from  all  N.  W. 
and  N.  E.  courses.  Fifteen  years  will 
make  a  difference  of  half  a  degree,  thirty 
years  of  one  degree,  and  in  the  same  pro- 
portion back  to  the  year  1801. 

May  30 — Union  state  convention  at  Lou- 
isville ;  R.  R.  Boiling  nominated  for  clerk 
of  the  court  of  appeals. 

May  30— Hemp. selling  at  $16  per  100 
pounds  ;  its  production  greatly  stimulated. 

May  31 — National  Tobacco  fair  at  Lou- 
isville ;    premiums   very   liberal,   and    the 
premium   hogsheads  sold    at   remarkably 
high  prices  per  100  pounds  as  below  : 
No.  and  Am'tof       To  whom         Price  realized. 

Premium.  awarded.  per  100  lbs. 

Manufactured  Leaf : 

let SlOU Carpenter  &  Sturgeon, 

Hart  CO srm 

2d 60 Geo.  VV.  Wicks,  Louisville 18(1 

Sd 23 M.  C.  Woodson,  Ballard  co..  120 

Shipping  Leaf; 

1st  Sino Edward  Boy,  Christian  co..,.    25 

2d 50 Thos.  F.  Pettus,  Montgom- 
ery CO.,  Tenn 24 

3d 25 Lyle  &  Howell,  Christian  co.    23 

Cutting  Leaf: 

Ist $100 John  Thomaa,  Owen  co 115 

2d .''O D.  P.  Yancy,  Oweu  co 65 

3d 25 D.  B.  Morgan,  OweD  CO 47 

Ci?arLeaf: 

let S75 Jas.Norris.  Mason  co 40 

2d 40 Alfred    H.   &  T.    Pollock, 

Mason  CO 2S's 

3d 20 Wm.H.Reynolds.Brackenco.  H 

The  Lady's  Hogshead ; 

$100 Miss    Betty   Wilson, 


..M. 


.  Woodson,  Ballard  c 


?ick6.  Louisville. 
Three  Hogsheads  Leaf  Tobacco  : 

Best...  STo A.  G.  Oglesby,  Ballard  co. 

2d 40 W.  G.  Simpson,  Owen  CO. 

3d 20 B.  P.  Yancy,  Owen  co. 

For  the  best-prized  hogshead  of  leaf  tobacco, 
premium  to  M.  W,  Prewett,  Louisville. 
»  The  hest  in  hh.ls.  sold  at  $8fi.  S82,  4.?'-^.  48,  37, 

at  S47,  42]  4(1,  Vit'i.  30'4.  27!^.  2f.K.  2(i,  25,  and    22! 
lOShhds.  sold  at  auction  for  $113,.55-. 

June  3 — The  ILarrison  circuit  court,  at 
Cynthiana,  decides  that  there  is  no  law 
authorizing  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  in 
Ky.;  and  that  all  acts  of  its  agents  affect- 
ing the  property  or  personal  liberty  of 
others  are  but  trespasses.    Jonathan  Smith, 


for  flogging,  in  Sept.,  1865,  a  negro  man 
belonging  to  him,  was  summoned  in  April, 
1866,  for  trial  before  the  Bureau  agent  at 
Cynthiana,  Capt.  Jas.  W.  Read,  [the  same 
who  conducted  the  election  at  Cold  Springs, 
Campbell  co.,  in  Aug.  1S65— see  p.  169], 
and  fined  $75.  He  told  the  Bureau  he 
would  not  pay  it ;  whereupon  the  Bureau 
fined  him  $25  for  "  contempt."  Failing 
to  pay  in  10  days  as  ordered,  the  Bureau 
sent  a  file  of  soldiers,  and  levied  upon  two 
of  his  horses.  Smith  sued  for  their  recov- 
ery ;  the  sheriff  took  them  from  Road,  and 
restored  them  to  Smith.  In  the  circuit 
court,  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  was  ad- 
judged to  surrender  the  horses,  and  pay 
the  costs  of  suit;  and,  of  course,  had  to 
pocket  the  "contempt,"  without  the  $25 
soothing  cordial. 

June  5 — U.  S.  attorney  general  James 
Speed,  of  Ky.,  by  order  of  the  President, 
Instructs  "all  U.  S.  marshals  and  attor- 
neys to  cause  the  arrest  of  all  prominent, 
leading,  or  conspicuous  persons  called 
Fenians — who  are  probably  guilty  of  vio- 
lations of  the  neutrality  laws."  [This  ia 
in  consequence  of  the  Fenian  raid  on  Can- 
ad.a,  since  June  1st.] 

June  6— Rev.  Geo.  D.  Cummings,  D.D., 
of  Chicago,  unanimously  elected  assistant 
bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  diocese 
of  Ky. 

June  10 — President  Johnson  telegraphs 
military  commanders  to  report  every  ease 
where  unpardoned  Confederates  have  been 
elected  to  civil  office.  He  directed  the 
removal  from  ofilce  of  the  mayor  of  Ports- 
mouth, Va.,  because  he  had  been  a  Con- 
federate colonel,  and  is  yet  unpardoned. 

June  13  — Gold  in  New  York  145%; 
within  a  week  after,  it  rose  to  163,  falling, 
June  20,  to  152. 

June  14— In  one  of  the  halls  of  the  U.  S. 
capitol,  at  Washington  city.  Gen.  Lovell 
H.  Rousseau,  representative  from  the  Lou- 
isville district,  breaks  his  cane  over  the 
face  of  Joaiah  B.  Grinnell,  a  representa- 
tive from  Iowa,  for  offensive  words  in  de- 
bate— an  apology  h.aving  been  demanded 
and  refused.  June  18— The  house  laid  on 
the  table  the  resolution  censuring  Mr. 
Grinnell,  and  passed  the  resolution  that 
for  the  assault  on  him  Gen.  Rousseau  be 
reprimanded  by  the  Speaker.  June  21 — 
Gen.  Rousseau  made  an  able  speech  in  de- 
fense of  his  assault,  and  then  tendered 
the  resignation  of  his  seat  as  a  member — 
which  the  house  decided  did  not  clear  him 
from  its  censure.  The  Speaker  called 
him  to  the  bar  of  the  house,  and  briefly 
reprimanded  him — when  he  retired  from 
the  hall.  [He  was  a  candidate,  and  re- 
elected, Sept.  15th,  without  opposition.] 

June  26— Col.  Rich.ird  R.  Boiling  de- 
clines the  canvass  as  the  Union  party  nom- 
inee for  clerk  of  the  court  of  appeals,  and 
Gen.  Edward  H.  Hobson  becomes  the  can- 
didate. 

July  2— Northern  Bank  of  Ky.,  out  of 
the  last  six  months'  profits,  declares  a  div- 
idend of  7,  Bank  of  Ky.  3,  Bank  of  Louis- 
■alle  3,  and  the  Farmers'  Bank  10  per  cent. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


173 


July  — Hog  cholera  prevailing  to  an 
alarming  extent  over  a  lavge  portion  of 
the  state.  In  Oct.  succeeding,  a  farmer 
in  Bracken  co.  lost  300  head  of  hogs,  and 
another  in  Mason  co.  145  head. 

July  9 — Judge  James  P.  Harbeson,  of 
the  Louisville  city  court,  decides  the  civil 
rights  bill  incompatible  with  state  laws  in 
some  of  its  provisions,  and  so  far  inopera- 
tive in  Ky.;  and  refuses  to  admit  negro 
testimony  in  the  case  of  Ryan,  charged 
with  a  deadly  assault  upon  a  negro;  his  is 
a  Ky.  court,  and  Ky.  statutes  must  rule. 
He  regrets  that  the  Ky.  legislature  did 
not  pass  an  act  giving  free  negroes  the 
right  to  testify  in  such  cases,  and  leave 
the  credibility  of  their  statements  to  the 
judges  and  jurors. 

July  21— Riot  at  Columbus,  Hickmnn 
CO.,  caused  by  a  railroad  conductor  at- 
tempting to  cut  some  buttons  off  a  negro's 
coat.  Three  or  four  negroes  killed  and 
several  wounded;  several  whites  missing, 
but  whether  killed  or  not,  not  ascertained. 

July  23 — Terrible  freshet  in  Brush  creek, 
Owen  CO.,  raising  the  Ky.  river,  into  which 
it  empties,  14  feet  higher  than  ever  known; 
dwellings,  cabins,  stables,  fencing,  swept 
away  ;  the  residence  of  Mr.  Noel  carried 
off,  and  his  whole  family  of  9  persons 
drowned. 

July  26— Whirlwind  passed  over  Dan- 
ville, tearing  off  half  the  tin  roof  of  Cald- 
well Female  Institute,  and  doing  much 
other  damage. 

July  26— At  Louisa,  Lawrence  co.,  two 
men  and  a  boy  who,  three  months  ago, 
were  found  guilty  of  murder  and  robbery, 
taken  out  of  jail  by  a  mob,  and  hung. 

July  30  — Orville  H.  Browning,  of  111., 
(a  native  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,)  appointed 
U.  S.  secretary  of  the  interior,  in  Presi- 
dent Johnson's  cabinet — vice  Jas.  Harlan, 
resigned. 

Aug.  6  —  County  judges,  sheriffs,  .ind 
other  officers  elected.  Judge  Alvin  D  avail 
elected  clerk  of  the  court  of  appeals  :  Du- 
vall  95,979,  Gen.  Edward  H.  Hobson  58.- 
035— maj.  37,944.  Great  excitement  and 
much  bad  blood  around  the  polls  in  many 
precincts;  not  less  thiin  20  men  killed,  in 
the  aggregate,  in  the  state.  M.  R.  Hardin 
elected  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals,  in 
the  3d  district,  over  Judge  Thos.  A.  Mar- 
shall. 

Aug.  7 — Burning  of  the  splendid  steamer 
Bostona  No.  3.  opposite  lower  end  of  Mays- 
ville;  loss  of  property  $160,000;  wife  of 
Rev.  Jonathan  E.  Spilman  fatally  burned. 

Aug.  9 — Mr.  Buford's  stables  at  Nicho- 
lasville.  Jessamine  co.,  destroyed  by  fire — 
the  work  of  an  incendiary  ;  26  fine  horses, 
brought  here  to  attend  the  agricultural 
fair,  and  worth  over  $16,000,  burned. 

Aug.  11— Deaths  from  Asiatic  cholera 
in  Cincinnati  38,  12th  54,  13th,  68,  15th 
78,  2lst  54,  22d  33,  29th  3.  But  few  deaths, 
thus  far,  in  Ky. 

Aug.  14,  15,  16— National  Union  con- 
vention at  Philadelphia  ;  24  delegates,  of 
all  parties,  from  Ky. 

Aug.     — In  Covington,  5  citizens  report 


incomes  during  1865  over  $20,000,  viz.: 
Vincent  Shinkle  $31,066,  Geo.  W.  Ball 
$30,390,  Amos  Shinkle  $29,961,  Robert 
Hemingray  .$22,840,  and  Jas.  S.  Wayne 
$20,649  ;  12  report  incomes  between  $10,- 
000  and  $20,000,  and  26  over  $5,000  and 
under  $10,000.  In  Lexington,  only  1  re- 
ports an  income  over  $20,000,  viz.:  Henry 
Bell  $53,710  ;  8  report  incomes  over  $10,- 
000  and  less  than  $15,000,  and  18  over 
$5,000  and  less  than  $10,000.  In  Mays- 
ville,  1  report.^  an  income  of  $13,273,  and 
5  between  $5,000  and  $10,000.  In  Ash- 
land, Boyd  CO.,  John  Means  reports  $23,- 
062  income. 

Aug.  23 — Wire  suspension  bridge  over 
the  Licking  river  at  the  Lower  Blue  Licks 
opened. 

Sept.  5 — A  negro  man,  drunk  and  mak- 
ing fight,  shot,  on  the  agricultural  fair 
grounds  near  Paris  ;  he  is  arrested,  and  at 
night  forcibly  taken  from  the  jail  by  Lynch 
law,  and  shot  dead. 

Sept.  6—450  persons  attend  R.  A.  Alex- 
ander's annual  stock  sale,  at  Woodburn 
Farm,  Woodford  co.  Aneroid  sold  for 
$7,000,  and  other  thoroughbred  young 
stallions  for  $1,000  to  $1,600  each;  thor- 
oughbred fillies  from  $400  to  $1,080. 

Sept.  14 — Corn  in  the  field  sold,  at  auc- 
tion, at  $24  per  acre,  in  Bourbon  co. 

Sept.  15— Brevet  Maj.  Gen.  Stephen  G. 
Burbridge  appointed  a  lieutenant  colonel 
in  the  regular  U.  S.  army. 

Sept.  17 — Death, at  Louisville, suddenly, 
from  rheumatism  of  the  heart,  of  George 
Alfred  Caldwell,  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers 
in  the  state,  and  a  representative  in  con- 
gress in  1843^5  and  1849-51. 

Sept.  20— The  grand  jury  of  Gallatin 
CO.  having  found  an  indictment  for  mur- 
der against  C.  W.  Ferris,  U.  S.  mail  a;;ent 
on  the  steamer  Gen.  Buell,  he  is  forcibly 
seized,  when  the  boat  lands  at  Warsaw, 
by  200  citizens  who  board  the  boat  for  the 
purpose,  and  is  sent  by  the  sheriff  to  the 
U.  S.  authorities  at  Louisville — the  circuit 
court  having  transferred  his  case  to  the 
U.  S.  district  court  for  trial.  He  had  been 
provost  marshal  at  Warsaw,  during  the 
war,  and  was  said  to  be  instrumental  in 
the  execution  of  two  guerrillas  by  Gen. 
Burbridge. 

Sept.  20— Judge  Wiley  P.  Fowler,  of  the 
Paducah  circuit,  decides  the  Freedmen's 
Bureau  law  unconstitutional. 

Sept.  20— Death,  near  Manchester,  Clay 
CO.,  aged  85,  of  Col.  Daniel  Garrard,  son 
of  the  late  Gov.  James  G.arrard,  of  Bour- 
bon CO.,  and  father  of  Brig.  Gen.  The- 
ophilus  T.  Garrard  and  the  Jate  state 
treasurer  Jas.  H.  Garrard.  Col.  6.,  at  his 
death,  was  the  oldest  native  of  Bourbon 
county. 

Sept.  28 — Death  from  cholera,  near  Hop- 
kinsville.  Christian  co.,  of  Henry  C.  Bur- 
nett, representative  in  the  U.  S.  congress 
from  1855-61,  and  senator  from  Ky.  in  the 
late  Confederate  States  congress,  1861-65. 

Sept.  28 — An  immense  crowd,  estimated 
at  over  10,000  people,  present  at  the  h.ang- 
ing,  at  Newport,  Campbell  co.,  of  Allen  P. 


174 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1867 


Eggleston  aliaa  Walter  B.  Watson,  for  the 
murder  of  Capt.  Almon  P.  Mentor,  leader 
of  the  celebrated  "  Menter's  Band"  of 
musicians. 

Oct.  1— Great  interest  in  Pulaski,  Wayne 
and  other  counties,  in  the  proposed  ex- 
tension of  the  Kentucky  Central  rail- 
road from  Nicholasville,  through  Danville 
and  Somerset,  towards  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
Written  pledges  of  voters  given  to  sub- 
scribe $200,000  by  Pulaski,  $50,000  by 
Wayne,  and  other  sums  by  other  counties, 
as  soon  as  the  legislature  authorizes  a 
vote. 

Oct.  3— At  the  St.  Louis  agricultural 
fair,  the  great  premium  of  $700  awarded 
to  Knight  of  St.  George,  a  splendid  im- 
ported stallion  belonging  to  Keene  Rich- 
ards, of  Scott  CO.,  Ky. 

Oct.  5— Death,  in  Breckinridge  co.,  aged 
80,  of  Fred.  A.  Kaye,  for  16  years  mayor 
of  Louisville;  he  was  born  in  the  first 
brick  house  erected  there. 

Oct.  10— Permanent  division  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Synod  of  Ky.,  in  session  at  Hen- 
derson ;  each  party  claims  to  be  the  Synod 
of  Ky. 

Oct.  18  — Court  of  appeals  decides  the 
Ky.  laws  expatriating  so-called  rebels  un- 
constitutional. 

Oct.  19 — About  20  houses  occupied  by 
negroes,  in  and  near  Lebanon,  Marion  co., 
broken  into,  robbed,  and  greatly  injured 
by  a  band  called  "Skaag's  men." 

Oct.  22—132  car-loads  of  cattle,  east- 
ward bound,  passed  over  the  Ky.  Central 
railroad  to-day. 

Nov.  1— Wm.  T.  Samuels,  state  auditor, 
reports  $1,336,152  in  the  state  treasury. 

Nov.  8— Guerrill.as  throw  the  train  on 
the  Louisville  and  Nashville  railroad  from 
the  track,  four  miles  from  Franklin,  Simp- 
son CO.,  and  plunder  the  passengers  ;  the 
forward  cars  were  burnt ;  the  robbers  were 
arrested,  a  few  days  after. 

Nov.  —$976,956  of  taxable  property 
in  Ky.  owned  by  negroes,  upon  which  the 
tax  is  $3,661. 

Nov.  11— Remains  of  Brig.  Gen.  Roger 
W.  Hanson,  who  fell  at  Stone  River,  in 
Jan.  1863,  interred  in  the  cemetery  at 
Lexington. 

Nov.  15  —  Gen.  Thos.  L.  Crittenden, 
state  treasurer,  resigns,  to  become  a  colonel 
in  the  regular  U.  S.  army.  Alfred  Allen 
appointed  his  successor. 

Nov.  18- Duel,  near  Bowling  Green, 
between  Jno.  H.  Grasscup  and  Jno.  Blair, 
both  officers  in  the  late  C.  S.  army  ;  the 
former  slightly  and  the  latter  seriously 
wounded. 

Nov.  24 — Banquet  to  Geo.  D.  Prentice, 
on  this  36th  .anniversary  of  his  editorial 
management  of  the  Louisville  Journal^ 
by  the  aUachfs  of  the  oflBce. 

Nov.  24 — Three  prisoners,  charged  with 
robbery,  Clem.  Crowdus,  Wm.  Goode,  and 
Thos.  Stephens,  taken  out  of  jjiil  at  night 
by  a  party  of  120  men  on  horseback  from 
the  surrounding  towns  and  country,  and 
hung  to  the  limb  of  a  tree,  at  Lebanon, 
Marion  CO.;  no  other  prisoners  molested. 


Nov.  27— Col.  Geo.  D.  Blakey  and  Dr. 
Noah  S.  Moore,  of  Ky.,  and  Gen.  A.  McAl- 
lister, of  Pa.,  appointed  commissioners 
under  the  law  of  congress  to  make  awards 
to  loyal  owners  of  slaves  enlisted  into 
the  Union  army,  open  their  sessions  at 
Frankfort. 

Dec.  1— During  the  month  of  Nov.,  live 
stock  as  follows  carried  over  the  Ky.  Cen- 
tral railroad,  from  Paris  northward  :  hogs 
22,404,  cattle  4,064,  sheep  1,074,  and  mules 
381. 

Dec.  1,  2 — The  iron  suspension  bridge 
over  the  Ohio  river  between  Covington  and 
Cincinnati  opened  for  passengers  ;  46,000 
people  crossed  on  Saturday,  1st,  and  about 
120,000  on  Sunday.  Jan.  1, 1867— Formal 
opening  for  vehicles  ;  about  48,000  people 
crossed. 

Dec,  6 — Georgia  legislature  passes  a  vote 
of  thanks  "  for  the  Ky.  donation  of  10,000 
bushels  of  corn  for  the  poor  of  Georgia." 

Dec.  8 — Geo.  Brumbach  sues  the  city  of 
Louisville  for  $25,000,  alleging  that  the 
death  of  his  wife  and  daughter  by  cholera, 
last  summer,  was  caused  by  the  city's  neg- 
ligence in  so  grading  Tenth  street  that  the 
yards  of  the  houses  were  overflowed, 
thereby  producing  the  pestilence. 

Dec.  10— Between  1,000  and  1,200  bales 
of  cotton  produced  in  Hickman  co.,  this 

Dec.  14 — The  bill  legalizing  negro  suf- 
frage in  the  District  of  Columbia  passes 
the  U.  S.  house  of  representatives  by  118  to 
46 — all  the  Ky.  members  voting  against  it. 

Dec.  15 — President  Johnson  grants  par- 
dons to  Gen.  Abraham  Buford  and  Gen. 
Humphrey  Marshall.  He  had  previously 
pardoned  Gen.  Geo.  B.  Hodge  and  others. 

Dec.  24— Al.  McRoberts,  a  negro,  des- 
perate and  of  bad  character,  resists  and 
shoots  a  constable  while  arresting  him,  at 
Danville,  and  is  himself  shot.  At  11  p.  ii., 
a  mob  takes  him  from  the  jail,  and  hangs 
him  in  the  old  graveyard. 

Dec.  27— Thos.  Shelton,  now  91  years 
old,  re-elected  a  justice  of  the  peace  of 
Huntington  township,  Brown  co.,  Ohio. 
His  residence  is  in  Aberdeen,  opposite 
Maysville,  Ky.;  he  has  held  the  office  53 
years  in  succession,  and  has  married  3,100 
couples,  most  of  them  "runaways"  from 
Kentucky. 

Dec.  31—0.  B.  Duke  killed,  at  Mount- 
sterling,  by  Wm.  Barnes,  whose  life  the 
former  had  threatened.  Dec.  3  — Duke 
had  been  taken  to  Louisville  for  killing  a 
lieutenant  in  the  regular  army,  (his  6th 
victim),  and  remanded  to  the  civil  author- 

1867,  Jan.  1  — During  the  year  1866, 
there  were  in  Louisville  116  fires,  with  an 
aggregate  loss  of  $408,055,  of  which  $290,- 
230  were  covered  by  insurance. 

Jan.  2^Judge  Jos.  Doniphan  grants  an 
injunction  restraining  the  city  council  of 
Covington  from  transferring  to  Vincent 
Shinkle  the  $100,000  of  stock  held  by  the 
city  in  the  Cincinnati  and  Covington 
bridge. 

Jan.  2— Northern  Bank  of  Ky.  declares 


1867. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


175 


a  semi-annual  dividend  of  12  per  cent., 
B:ink  of  Ky.  3,  Farmers'  Bank  6,  and 
People's  Bank  and  Bank  of  Louisville  each 
4  per  cent. 

Jan.  4  —  Documents  accompanying  the 
governor's  message  show  the  total  amount 
of  money  received  by  the  Military  Author- 
ities of  Ky.  from  Jan.  1,  1861,  to  Jan.  1, 

1866 $4,095,314 

Amount  disbursed  during  same 

time $3,331,077 

Amount  refunded  to 

banks   (loans) 661,941 

Balances  due  by  quar- 
termasters and  oth- 
ers         81,051-^,074,069 

Amount  on  hand $21,245 

Outstanding    claims     against 

Military  Department $100,491 

Balance  due  banks  for  loans $2,601,585 

Balance  due  Ky.  by  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment  $2,438,347 

Jan.  7 — A  special  report  by  the  auditor 
shows  187,870  "qualified  voters"  in  the 
state. 

Jan.  8 — The  final  report  to  the  legisla- 
ture of  the  Southern  Bank  of  Ky.,  in  wind- 
ing up,  shows  that  the  state  has  received 
upon  her  $600,000  of  stock,  $600,000  in 
gold  and  silver  (which  sold  for  $973,080  in 
legal  tender  notes),  and  two  installments 
in  currency  of  $120,000  and  $18,750— in  all 
$1,111,830  ;  all  this,  in  addition  to  hand- 
some annual  dividends  during  the  life  of 
the  bank,  from  1850  to  Jan.  1864— about 
13J^  years. 

Jan.  10— Geo.  and  Alfred  Underwood, 
two  notorious  and  desperate  characters  in 
eastern  Ky.,  are  pursued  into  West  Vir- 
ginia, and  arrested  for  horse-stealing,  <tc. 
Jan.  10— The  senate  by  24  to  9,  and  the 
house  by  67  to  27,  passed  a  resolution — 
which  Gov.  Bramlette  approved — rejecting 
the  following  amendment  to  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States  : 

ARTICLE  XIV. 
Sec.  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized 
in  the  United  States,  and  subject  to  the 
jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the 
United  States  and  of  the  state  wherein 
they  reside.  No  state  shall  make  or  en- 
force any  law  which  shall  abridge  the 
privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States  ;  nor  shall  any  state  deprive 
any  person  of  life,  liberty,  or  property, 
without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to 
any  person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal 
protection  of  the  laws. 

Skc.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  appor- 
tioned among  the  several  states  according 
to  their  respective  numbers,  counting  the 
whole  number  of  persons  in  each  state, 
excluding  Indians  not  taxed.  But  when 
the  right  to  vote  at  any  election  for  the 
choice  of  electors  for  president  and  vice 
president  of  the  United  States,  representa- 
tives in  congress,  the  executive  and  judi- 
cial officers  of  a  state,  or  the  members  of 
the  legislature  thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of 
the  male  inhabitants  of  such  stnte,  being 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  citizens  of 


the  United  States,  or  in  anyway  abridged, 
except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or 
other  crime,  the  basis  of  representation 
therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion 
which  the  number  of  such  male  citizens 
shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  malo 
citizens  twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such 
state. 

Sec.  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  senator  or 
representative  in  congress,  or  elector  of 
president  and  vice  president,  or  hold  any 
office,  civil  or  military,  under  the  United 


States,  or  under 

my  state,  who,  having 

previously  taken 

in  oath,  as  a  member  of 

States,  or  as  a  me 

mber  of  any  state  legis- 

lature,  or  as  an  ex 

cutive  or  judicial  officer 

of  any  state,  to  support  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in 
insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  same, 
or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies 
thereof.  But  congress  may,  by  a  vote  of 
two-thirds  of  each  house,  remove  such 
disability. 

Sec.  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt 
of  the  United  States,  authorized  by  law, 
including  debts  incurred  for  payment  of 
pensions  and  bounties  for  services  in  sup- 
pressing insurrection  or  rebellion,  shall 
not  be  questioned.  But  neither  the  United 
Stales  nor  any  state  shall  assume  or  pay 
any  debt  or  obligation  incurred  in  aid  of 
insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  United 
States,  or  any  claim  for  the  loss  or  eman- 
cipation of  any  slave  ;  but  all  such  debts, 
obligations,and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal 
and  void. 

Sec  5.  The  congress  shall  have  power  to 
enforce,    by    appropri.ate    legislation,    the 


oft 


Jan.  12— Geo.  D.  Blakey,  as  one  of  the 
commissioners  for  affixing  the  valuation 
of  enlisted  slaves  of  Ky.  loyal  owners, 
denies,  as  "malignantly  and  slanderously 
false,"  the  charge  recently  made  by  a  Ky. 
member  of  congress,  Samuel  McKee,  that 
"the  compensation  for  eight  out  of  ten 
enlisted  slaves  in  Ky.  would  go  into  the 
pockets  of  rebels;"  and  adds  that  "he 
w\n  pay  all  such,  if  the  M.  C.  will  examine 
the  report  of  awards  now  on  file  in  the 
war  department  at  Washington  city,  and 
show  that  one  or  more  awards  are  made  to 
one  or  more  rebels." 

Jan.  14 — An  auditor's  report  shows,  as 
paid  out  since  Feb.  17,  1866,  for  red  foxes 
$5,412,  for  grey  foxes  $2,516,  for  wildcats 
$388 >^,  for  wolves  $20  K;  total  for  "scalps" 

Jan.' 16— Judge  Richard  Hawes,  of  tho 
Bourbon  county  court,  on  habeas  corpus, 
releases  from  apprenticeship  and  remands 
to  their  mother  two  minor  colored  chil- 
dren— declaring  these  and  all  other  con- 
tracts of  apprenticeship  by  the  agents  of 
the  Freedmen's  Bureau  in  Ky.  null  and 
void.  The  provisions  of  the  law  estab- 
lishing said  Bureau  are  not  applicable  to 
Ky.,  but  to  those  states  only  which  have 
been  in  rebellion  and  where  the  ordinary 
process  of  law  was  suspended  by  armed 
force.     Kentucky  has  not  been  in  rebellion  ; 


176 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


but  throughout  the  war  was  a  loyal  state 
and  as  such  fully  represented  in  the  U.  S. 
congress  ;  and  only  during  the  temporary 
occupancy  of  the  state  by  the  Confederate 
forces  in  the  fall  of  1862,  was  the  ordinary 
process  of  the  law  suspended. 

Jan.  2n— An  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  firm 
challenges  all  Ky.  to  beat  "33  hogs,  all 
raised  by  one  man,  average  weight  456 
pounds  and  highest  weight  641  pounds." 
A  Boyle  county  farmer  responds  with  *'21 
head,  age  under  19  months,  average  weight 
463  pounds."  Bourbon  county  responds 
liberally  thus: 

ht  543  lbs. 


Sanford  Talbott 35  hogs, 

JohiiTalbott 25    " 

E.  G    Bedford  and 

Sam.  H.  Clay.".'."!.'.'!!!!  1    ",  3  yr. 


load  under  1 


Jan.  23— Town  of  East  Maysville  an- 
nexed, by  act  of  the  legislature,  to  the  city 
of  Maysville. 

Jan.  24— The  legislature,  on  Feb.  17, 
1860,  directed  the  governor  to  procure  four 
gold  medals — one  each  for  Jas.  Artus,  Dr. 
Wm.  T.  Taliaferro,  Jno.  Tucker,  and  Jno. 
Norris,  all  in  1813  residents  of  Mason  Co., 
but  Norris  now  a  resident  of  Boone  co., 
and  Dr.  Taliaferro  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio— 
**as  survivors  of  the  Ky.  volunteers  who — • 
at  the  request  of  Commodore  Perry — with 
such  ready  alacrity  and  heroism,  repaired 
on  board  his  fleet  .and  assisted  in  achiev- 
ing the  glorious  victory  of  Sept.  10,  1813, 
over  the  British  fleet  on  Lake  Erie." 
[The  medals  were  promptly  procured,  but, 
in  the  excitement  of  the  intervening  times, 
overlooked,  and  are  only  now  delivered.] 
March  9— A  similar  gold  medal  was  di- 
rected to  be  made  for  Ezra  Ynunglove, 
another  surviving  soldier  who  fought  in 
the  battle  of  Lake  Erie— not  known  to 
the  legislature  to  be  living,  when  the 
medals  were  first  ordered. 

Jan.  26— The  city  of  Louisville,  by  a 
popular  vote  of  1,101  for  and  698  against, 
subscribes  $1,000,000  to  complete  the  Leb- 
anon Extension  railroad  to  Knoxville. 

Jan.  26 — Tho  legislature  passes  an  act 
to  establish  the  county  of  Henrietta,  out 
of  that  portion  of  Trigg  county  which  lies 
between  the  Cumberland  and  Tennessee 
rivers  and  in  addition  a  very  small  patch 
of  M.arshall  county,  1  mile  each  on  its 
northern  and  western,  and  less  than  IJ^ 
miles  each  on  its  southern  and  eastern 
boundaries — purposely  to  include  East  and 
West  Aurora,  on  the  Tennessee  river,  one 
of  which  shall  be  the  county-seat.  But 
its  establishment  is  dependent  upon  the 
approval  of  the  voters  in  Trigg  county  at 
the  next  August  election.  [The  majority 
voted  ar/rnnst  the  new  county,  and  it  was 
not  established.] 

Jan.  27— Death,  at  Frankfort,  of  ex- 
Judge  Mason  Brown,  aged  67. 

Jan.  31 — A  ten  per  cent,  conventional 
interest  bill  passed  the  house  by  50  to  36, 
but  was  lost  in  the  senate  by  16  to  18. 

Jan.  30— Garret  Davis  re-elected  U.  S. 
senator  for  si.t  years  from  March  4,  1867. 


_  S"=^-; 


l^^^ 


Feb.  5  — A  man  named  Trowbridge, 
charged  with  stealing,  taken  by  a  mob  from 
the  jail  in  Danville,  Boyle  co.,  and  hung. 

Feb.  5 — Legislature  establishes  a  court 
of  common  pleas  in  the  1st,  3d,  and  14th 
judicial    districts 7  — Directs    how 


fori 


boring  for  petroleum  and  salt  water,  trans- 
porting coal,  &c.,  shall  be  incorporated... 

Establishes   a   criminal    court  in  the 

counties  of  Kenton,  Campbell,  Pendleton, 
Harrison,  and  Bracken 8— Estab- 
lishes the  Jeflferson  court  of  common  pleas 

Appropriates $21,000  to  the  'Western 

Lunatic  asylum 11 — Requires  county 

courts  to  provide  tire-proof  vaults  or  safes 
to  preserve  the  public  records Estab- 
lishes the  county  of  Robertson  (named 
after  ex-chief  justice  Geo.  Robertson)  out 
of  parts  of  the  counties  of  Mason,  Bracken, 
Harrison,  and  Nicholas,  with  the  county 

seat  at  Mt.  Olivet 18— Provides  for 

an  election  of  members  of  the  40th  con- 
gress  on  May  4,  1867,  instead  of  at   the 

next  August  election 20,21 — Salaries 

of  the  quartermaster  general  and  adju- 
tant general  of  the  state  each  raised  to 
S2,400,  and  $6,000  appropriated  for  clerks 
to  assist  the  latter  in  preparing  the  2d 
volume  of  his  "  Report  of  Ky.  Ofiicers  and 

Soldiers  during  the  late  War." 27— 

Governor's  salary  increased  to  $4,000  per 
annum 23— County  of  Josh  Bell  es- 
tablished (named  after  ex-congressman 
Joshua  F.  Bell),  in  the  extreme  south- 
eastern part  of  the  state,  (which  includes 
Cumberland  Gap,)  and  out  of  parts   of 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY 


177 


Harlan  and  Knox  counties— with  county- 
seat  at  Pineville,  on  the  Cumberland  river. 

Importation  and  sale  of  Texas  cattle 

between  March  1  and  Nov.  1  in  each  vear, 
prohibited. 

Feb.  10— Butterfield,  Stacy  &  Co.,  of 
Cincinnati,  purchase  of  Wm.  L.  Sudduth 
11,000  acres  of  land,  on  the  Licking  river, 
in  Bath  co. — valuable  for  coal,  iron  and 
timber:  they  will  initiate  a  heavy  lumber- 
ing business. 

Feb.  10  — A  burr  oak  tree,  cut  on  the 
farm  of  Meredith  Anderson,  near  Oxford, 
Scott  CO.,  measured  70  feet  in  length  and  7 
feet  in  diameter ;  the  top  made  IS  and  the 
body  25  cords  of  wood,  which  sold  on  the 
ground  for  $5  per  cord,  or  $215  in  all. 

Feb.  13— In  the  senate,  a  proposition  to 
remove  the  seat  of  government  from  Frank- 
fort  to   Lexington    was   voted    down as 

also,  to  Danville,  Bowlinggreen,  and  Lou- 
Tille,  respectively  ;  and  then  the  resolu- 
tion was  laid  upon  the  table.  March  1— 
The  house  by  42  to  37  passed  a  bill  submit- 
ting to  a  vote  of  the  people,  next  August, 
the  question  of  removing  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment to  Louisville— a  defeat  thereof 
to  be  regarded  as  instructions  to  make 
appropriations  to  rebuild  or  enlarge  the 
capitol  and  public  buildings  at  Frankfort. 
Next  day,  the  speaker  (Harrison  Taylor) 
decided  that  the  bill  had  not  received  the 
Constitutional  majority  [at  least  61  votes]. 


peti- 


and  whereas  that  one  of  said  bodies  of 
clergy  and  elders  of  which  Rev.  Rutherford 
Douglass  is  Moderator,  and  which  claims 
to  be  a  majority  of  the  Presbyterian  clergy 
and  elders,  and  to  represent  a  large  major- 
ity of  the  Presbyterian  churches  and  peo- 
ple of  Ky.,  and  to  be,  in  fact  and  in  right, 
the  true  Synod  of  Ky.,  has  authorized  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  said  coUe"-e  I 
tion  this  General  Assembly,  and 
persons  claiming  to  be  said  board  have 
made  petition  for  a  change  or  modification 
ot  the  charter  in  order  to  promote  the  pros- 
perity of  the  college,  and  render  more  se- 
cure to  the  true  Synod  its  control ;  now 

Sec.  1.  Be  it  enacted  hy  the  General  Ab- 
temhly  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Ky.,  That 
if  It  shall  be  decided  and  settled  by  the 
civil  courts  that  the  body  of  cler.^v  and 
elders  of  which  said  Douglass  is  Modera- 
tor, and  which  has  approved  the  petition 
■  persons  claiming  to  be  the  Board 


andthercf 

Feb.  13  — In  the   house  of  representa- 
tives was   presented,    by    Henry   D.    Mc- 
Henry,  a  petition  which  set  forth  that  the 
"following    named    persons,    being    duly 
elected    by  the  Synod  of  Ky.,   constitute 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Centre  Col- 
lege of   Ky.,  viz.:  Rev.  Dr.    Edward    P 
Humphrey,  Rev.  Robert  F.  Caldwell,  Gen. 
Jerry  T.  Boyle,  Thos.  Barbce,  M'm.  Ernst, 
Glass  Marshall,  Geo.  Frank  Lee,  Judge  T. 
T.  Alexander,  Rev.  Robert  L.  Breck,  L." 
L.  Warren,  Rev.  Ezekiel  Forman— (11)- 
Judge  Wm.  B.  Kinkead,  Rer.  Miles  Saun- 
ders, Rev.  Thos.  A.  Bracken,  Rev.  Jas.  V 
Logan,  Dr.  J.  M.  Meyer,  J.  G.  Phillips, 
and  Isaac  C.  Vanmetcr.     That  the  Board 
of    Trustees  — Glass  Marshall    chairman 
and  Rev.  Jas.  V.  Logan    secretary— met 
in  Louisville  Feb.  11th,  1867,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  instruction  of  the  Synod  of 
Ky.  — petition  the   General  Assembly  of 
the  Commonwealth  of  Ky.,  (as  desired  and 
recommended  by  the  Synod,  in  session  the 
same  day,  with  Rev.  Rutherford  Douglass 
as   Moderator,    Rev.  Robert   Morrison    as 
temporary    clerk,    and    Rev.    Thomas    A. 
Bracken  as  stated  clerk  pro  tern.,)  for  such 
change  of  the  charter  of  the  college  as  will 
better  secure  the  interests  of  the  Synod  of 
Ky.  in  said  college,  and  as  is  in  substance 
set  forth   in  the  following  proposed  bill. 

Whereas,  There  now  exist  in  Ky  two 
distinct  bodies  of  Presbyterian  clergy  and 
elders,  each  claiming  to  be  the  Synod  of 
Ky.,  and  to  have  the  right  to  elect  Trus- 
tees of  the  Centre  College  of  Ky.,  and  other 
and  concerning  said  college  ;  | 

I. ..12 


Feb.  18,  presented  an 
■■  '      Board  of 


rights 


f  Trustees  of  the  Centre  College  of  Ky., 
i  now  the  true  Synod  of  Ky.,  and  author- 
ized under  the  charter  to  appoint  Trustees, 
d  to  make  or  approve  such  petition 
then  the  clause  in  the  charter  which  de- 
scribes the  Synodof  Ky.  as  "in  connec- 
tion with  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States 
of  America,"  is  hereby  repealed,  and  said 
Synod  and  its  successors  shall  continue 
to  exercise  exclusively  the  power  of  elect- 
ing Trustees  of  the  Centre  College  of  Kv 
and  all  other  rights  over  or  concfrnin;  the 
college  granted  in  the  charter,  whether  in 
connection    with    said   General    Assembly 

Trustees  of  Centre  College,   by  Joh; 
Harlan,  their  counsel,"  "against  any 
legislation  as  that  asked  for  above,  or  any 
other  legislation  in  regard  to  said  college  " 
They  claim  that  there  are  19  Trustees    of 
whom  "  the  right  of  12  to  act  as  Trustees  is 
unquestioned  by  any  one,  they  having  been 
elected  by  the  Synod  of  Ky.  before  any  di- 
vision therein,"   viz.:  the   U  first  named 
above,  and  Jas.  Barbour  [whose  name  does 
appear  in  the  list  of  Trustees  in  the  offi- 
cial printed  "Minutes  of  the  Synod  of  Kv 
Oct.  1865,"  either  as  one  ro-elected  than" 
(when  his  term  expired),  or  as  one  holding 
over.]^    "As  to  the  7  remaining  Trustees, 
there  is  a  dispute  between  the  two  rival 
synods— each  body  having,  in  1866,  elected 
/  to  act  in  conjunction  with  the  old  Trustees. 
Ihosenoto  in  charge  of  Centre  College  rec- 
ognize the  following  new  Trustees:  Rev. 
John  L.  McKee,  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  C.  Mat- 
thews, Rev.  Aaron  A.  Hogue,  Rev.  Sidney 
S.    McRoberts,  Rev.    Richard  Valentine, 
dec.  W.  Welsh,  and  D.  J.  Curry."     They 
file  sworn  statements  of  each  onewhom  thev 
claim  to  he  Trustees  (except  Glass  Ma,-- 
shall,  Geo.  F.  Lee,  Rev.  Robert  L.  Breck, 
and  Rev.  Ezekiel  Forman);  and  the  vari- 
ous legislative  acts,  amended  acts,  com- 
pacts or   agreements,   Ac,    incorporatin.^ 

'"'' -----       liege;  and  a  strong 

of  their   case,  pro- 


sed  argu 


178 


AXNALS    OF    KEXTUCKY. 


pared  by  two  able  lawyers — all  wbich  the 
house  ordered  to  be  printed,  and  which  is 
accordingly  laid  before  the  members  as 
"Legislative  Document  No.  15." 

The  house  committee  on  the  judiciary, 
Feb.  18,  reported  the  above  bill  to  amend 
the  charter  of  Center  College,  which  had 
its  first  reading.  Feb.  20,  by  54  to  28,  it 
was  ordered  to,  and  had,  its  second  read- 
ing. A  resolution  to  consider  it  in  Com- 
mittee of  the  Whole,  on  Feb.  28,  and  hear 
the  argument  of  counsel  on  the  floor  of  the 
house,  was  laid  on  the  table,  by  53  to  24  ; 
the  thii-d  reading  was  dispensed  with,  and 
the  bill  engrossed.  Feb.  21,  and  again, 
Feb.  28,  the  merits  of  the  bill  were  dis- 
cussed ;  the  vote  was  taken,  and  the  bill 
rejected,  by  yeas  37,  nays  44.  March  2,  a 
motion  to  reconsider  was  laid  on  the  table. 

Feb.  14— On  motion  of  Joshua  F.  Bell, 
the  house  of  representatives,  by  yeas  87, 
nays  1,  resolved,  •'  that  this  assembly  and 
the  people  of  Ky.  are  unalterably  opposed 
to  negro  suffrage,  whether  unlimited  or 
special,  general  or  qualified  ;  and  they  do 
most  earnestly  protest  against  the  passage 
of  any  law  by  congress  which  has  for  its 
object  the  extension  of  such  suffrage  in 
any  state  or  territory." 

Feb.  14, 17— Great  freshets  in  the  North 
Fork  of  Licking,in  Benson  creek  in  Frank- 
lin CO.,  and  in  other  small  streams;  much 
damage. 

Feb.  17— The  "regulators,"  at  1  a.  m., 
break  open  the  jail  at  Danville,  and  take 
out  Ed.  Carrier,  to  hang  him,  but  finding 
him  not  the  man  they  want,  return  him  to 
the  jail  unharmed.  After  other  outrages, 
they  seek  Thos.  Carrier,  at  his  home  near 
Parksville,  Boyle  co.,  and  hang  him. 

Feb.  18— Brevet  Maj.  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis, 
assistant  commissioner  of  the  Freedmen's 
Bureau  for  Ky.,  formally  notifies  his  agent 
at  Paris,  Henry  C.  Hastings,  that  "the 
decision  of  Judge  Hawes,  denying  the 
legal  existence  of  the  Bureau  in  this  state, 
is  not  regarded  of  any  importance  or  bind- 
ing effect  on  the  agent  in  Bourbon  co. 
Had  the  proceedings  before  Judge  Hawes 
resulted  in  taking  the  negro  child  away 
from  Dudley  Cummings,  Gen.  Davis  would 
have  used  the  XJ.  S.  troops  to  enforce  hie 

Feb.  20— Hemp  crop  of  1856  turning  out 
very  fine  and  yield  heavy,  in  some  cases 
1,500  pounds  of  lint  to  the  acre;  price  $10 
per  112  pounds. 

Feb.  21  — Gov.  Bramlette,  by  special 
message,  calls  the  attention  of  the  legisla- 
ture to  the  outrages  and  murders  commit- 
ted by  lawless  bands  of  men  in  Marion, 
Boyle,  and  adjoining  counties,  who  set 
themselves  upas  "Regulators"  and  exe- 
cute "Lynch  law;"  and  suggests  that 
provis'ion    be  made    for   their   arrest   and 


lishn 


Feb.  22 — Democratic  state  convention  at 
Frankfort.  The  first  ballot  for  nominee 
for  governor  stood  :  John  L.  Helm  448, 
Richard  H.  Stanton  218,  Geo.  W.  Crad- 
dock  120,  Wm.  F.  Bullock  35,  Col.  Wm.  C. 
P.  Breckinridge  13. 


nbl;/  of 


Feb.  26— (Radical)  Union  state  conven- 
tion at  Frankfort.  For  nominee  for  gov- 
ernor, Col.  Sidney  M.  Barnes  405,  Col.  R. 
Tarvin  Baker  185. 

Feb.  28 — In  accordance  with  the  spirit 
of  the  governor's  message  and  recom- 
mendation, the  senate  by  a  very  large 
majority,  and  the  house  by  67  to  9,  pass 
the  following  extraordinary  amnesty  bill, 
entitled  "An  act  to  quiet  all  disturbances 
growing  out  of  the  late  rebellion  " 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  As 
the  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky  : 

Sec.  1.  That  no  officer,  soldier,  or  sailor 
of  the  United  States,  or  of  the  so-called 
Confederate  States,  and  no  person  acting 
in  conjunction  or  co-operating  with  any 
one  of  them,  or  with  the  authorities  of 
either  government,  shall  be  held  respon- 
sible, criminally  or  civilly,  in  the  courts 
of  this  state,  for  any  act  done  during  the 
late  rebellion  by  compulsion  of,  and  under 
color  of,  military  authority. 

Sec.  2.  That,  for  the  purposes  of  this 
act,  the  rebellion  shall  be  deemed  to  have 
commenced  on  the  1st  day  of  May,  A.  D. 
1861,  and  to  have  terminated  on  the  1st 
day  of  October,  1865. 

Sec.  3.  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall 
preclude  the  maintaining  an  action  for  the 
recovery  of  money  or  property  illegally  or 
wrongfully  taken,  though  taken  under 
color  of  military  authority,  where  the 
money  or  property  is  in  the  hands  of  the 
person  who  took  the  same,  or  of  one  claim- 
ing under  him,  or  has  been  disposed  of  for 
his  own  personal  benefit.  But  no  recov- 
ery shall  be  had  beyond  the  money  or 
property  so  taken,  or  its  value. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  is  not  intended  by  this 
act  to  declare  that  the  rebellion  was  justi- 
fiable or  proper,  or  that  all  acts  done  under 
color  of  the  military  authorities  of  the 
United  States  were  right,  but  that  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  tranquillity  to  the  state, 
a  general  amnesty  is  given  so  far,  that  re- 
dress for  wrongs  done  under  color  of  au- 
thority of  one  or  the  other  government 
shall  not  be  given  by  the  municipal  courts 
of  this  state. 

Feb.  28— $150,000  appropriated  for  ad- 
ditional buildings  at  the  Eastern  Lunatic 
Asvlum. 

Feb.  28— The  senate,  by  28  to  3,  passed 
a  bill  forbidding  a  man  or  a  woman  to 
marry  his  or  her  cousin ;  not  reached  in 

Feb.  28  — Dr.  John  M.  Johnson,  for- 
merly a  Ky.  state  senator  from  Paducab, 
but  now  residing  in  Georgia,  petitions  the 
legislature  for  an  appropriation  for  the  pur- 
pose of  re-interring,  in  cemetery  grounds 
at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  already  donated  for 
the  purpose,  the  Ky.  Confederate  dead  who 
fell  at  Chickaraauga,  Missionary  Ridge, 
Dalton,  Atlanta,  Decatur,  Jonesboro,  and 
in  East  and  Middle  Tennessee  ;  about  300 
are  already  identified,  and  200  unidenti- 
fied ;  it  will  require  about  $20  each,  or 
$10,000  :  Maj.  Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas,  mil- 
itary commandant,  and  the  city  of  Atlanta. 


ing. 


-The 


^/ 


'^\LllIIIHIHllllllHillilllllllHIII"'^ 


<^<S^^   '-N     / 


JHO  WERE  NEVER  JU  OGE,  OOVERNOR,  OR    U.S.SENATOR 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


j.>dic 
maki' 
8,  if 


immittee  reported  a  resolution 
appropriation;  but,  by  18  to 
J  on  the  table. 
March  1  —  Several  cases  (of  persons 
charged  with  crime  or  other  violations  of 
state  laws)  which  were  removed  to  the 
U.  S.  district  court,  dismissed  recently,  or 
verdict  of  not  guilty — because  no  witnesses 
present  or  no  prosecution. 

March  1— Col.  Robert  M.  Kelly,  U.  S. 
revenue  collector  for  the  17th  district  of 
Ky.  (which  includes  Bourbon  and  other 
counties)  reports  b39fiS6}4  gallons  of 
whisky  made  in  that  district,  between 
Feb.  1,  1866,  and  Feb.  25,  1867,  and  the 
tax  of  $2  per  gallon  thereon  $1,079,972. 

March  1  — In  the  senate,  a  bill  appro 
priating  $200,000  to  enlarge  the  presen 
Capitol,  and  provide  apartments  for  public 
officers,  was  defeated  by  yeas  18,  nays  17 
Next  day,  it  was  reconsidered,  and  agair 
defeated,  yeas  18,  nays  18.  [The  Consti- 
tution requires  at  least  21  votes  in  favor 
of  any  bill  appropriating  money.] 

March  2  — Taxation  for  sinking  fund 
purposes  reduced,  by  act  of  the  legislature, 

five   cents    on  the   $100 Monuments 

ordered  over  the  graves,  in  the  Frankfort 
cemetery,  of  the  late  governors  Johi 
Crittenden,  Robert  P.  Letcher,  and  "^ 
Owsley— to  cost  not  over  $1,500  each... 
6 — Governor  authorized  to  borrow  $350,000 
from  sinking  fund  commissioners  or  banks, 
if  necessary  to  meet  appropriations  made 

at  this  session School  law  amended; 

forbids  a  common  school  commissioner  from 

being  a  teacher  in  any  common  school 

7 — Representation  in  the  senate  and  house 
of  representatives  apportioned  for  the 
whole  state;  gives  to  the  city  of  Louis- 
ville, by  wards,  8  representatives  and  2 
senators,   and  to  the  city  of  Covington  2 

representatives 235  copies  ordered  to 

be  purchased  of  Adj.  Gen.  Daniel  W. 
Lindsey's  Report  for  1861-66,  known  as 
the  "History  of  Kentucky  Soldiers  during 
the  late  War;"  at  same  price  as  state 
printing  and  binding   costs,  with  10  per 

cent,    added  8 — Income    on    U.    S. 

bonds    to   be  taxed   5  per  cent,  on   gross 

"mount 9— $109,027  appropriated  to 

build  additions  to  the  penitentiary 

Additional  capitation-tax  of  $2  on  each 
colored  male  over  18  years  levied,  to  be 
applied  (together  with  alt  other  taxes  paid 
by  colored  people)  exclusively  to  the  sup- 
port of  colored  paupers  and  education  of 
colored  children,  in  the  county  where  paid. 
Turnpike  road  companies  author- 
ized to  charge  stone  quarries  toll  for  the 
distance  used,  whether  passing  through  a 

toll-gate  or  not Law  of  1865,  raising 

rates  of  fare  and  freight  on  the  Ky.  Cen- 
tral, Louisville  and  Lexington,  and  Louis- 
ville  and    Nashville   railroads,    repealed. 

Governor   authorized   to  offer  $500 

reward  for  the  apprehension  of  each  person 
engaged  in  organized  mobs  or  unlawful 
assemblage  [Lynch  law  or  "regulators."] 

Law   of  rape    modified Fine, 

not  over  $50,  for  enticing  laborer  away 
from  employer Rent  of  penitentiary 


fixed    at  $16,000 


;  to  be  1 


lid  u 


per  year 


pon  any 


maturity,  for  state  is  ready  and  desirous  to 

pay Common    carriers    must    keep 

tariflF  of  freights  posted Sureties  of 

Thos.  S.  Page  to  be  released  upon  pay- 
ment of  one  half  of  $88,000,  interest  and 

March  4 — Per  diem  and  mileage  of  mem- 
bers and  officers  of  this  legislature  directed, 
by  resolution,  to  be  paid  in  gold.  The 
houseoriginated  and  adopted  the  resolution 
Jan.  31,  by  yeas  46,  nays  37.  The  senate, 
Feb.  8,  by  16  to  12,  laid  it  upon  the  table; 
Feb.  14,  reconsidered,  and  then  by  14  to 
16  rejected  it ;  Feb.  18,  again  reconsid- 
ered, and  by  17  to  13  passed  it.  An  efi'ort 
was  made  in  the  senate  to  repeal  it,  but 
failed. 

March  5 — The  Louisville  Journal  places 
the  nominees  of  the  Democratic  state  con- 
vention at  the  head  of  its  columns,  and 
advocates  their  election. 

March  8— The  court  of  appeals  decides 
the  Bounty  Fund  acts,  authorizing  the 
levying  of  taxes  to  pay  bounties  to  volun- 
teers entering  the  U.  S.  military  service, 
unconstitutional. 

March  8— By  resolution,  the  legislature 
requested  Ky.  senators  and  representatives 
in  congress  to  procure,  if  possible,  a  grant 
or  donation  of  the  Harrodsburg  S))rings  or 
Asylum  grounds  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
the  Independent  order  of  Odd  Fellows  of 
Ky. — to  establish  thereon  a  home  for  the 
widows  and  orphans  of  the  Order,  .Tnd  a 
college  or  university. 

March  8 — The  senate,  by  12  to  9,  passes 
a  resolution  providing  for  the  exchange  of 
the  present  Executive  mansion  for  another 
for  the  use  of  the  governor ;  but  it  was  not 
reached  in  the  house. 

March  9— The  legislature  cedes  to  the 
United  States  the  jurisdiction  over  the  na- 
tional cemeteries  at  Perryville,  Boyle  co., 
on,Laurelco.,4  acres  at  CampNelson, 
Jessamine  co.,  and  2  acres  each  at  Leb- 
non,  Marion  co.,  and  at  Mill  Springs, 
ear  Logan's  Cross  Roads,  Pulaski  co.; 
nd  makes  stringent  laws  to  prevent  injury 


ulphu 


sho 


lower  of  pollen  resembling  flowers  of 
ilphur  in  appearance — falls  near  Bow- 
nggreen,  during  a  severe  rain  storm,  ac- 
impaniedwith  thunder  and  lightning.] 
March  18— The  great  suit  of  Breckin- 
dge's  Administrators  and  Heirs  against 
ee's   Executors    and  others  —  which  has 

been  pending  since  1803  in  the  various 
ts,  now  64  years— finally  decided  in 
30urt  of  appeals,  (substantially  in  favor 

of  the  plaintiffs.)      The  most  remarkable 
en    of  Ky.  for  three    generations,    have 

been  connected  with  this  case— either  as 

contestants,  lawyers,  judges,  or  witnesses, 


John  Breckinridge, 

George  NicholaB, 

ry  Clay, 


Thomas  Dye  ( 
James  Morrisi 
Alfred  Wm.  Gi 
Robert  Wickli 


R.  Underwood. 


180 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1807 


Bev.  Robert  J.  Breckin-  Samnel  S.  Nicholas, 

ridae,  I).  D.,  Richard  Hawes. 

Jos.Cabell  Breckinridge  Richard  H.Chinn, 
Jesse  Bledsoe,  Aaron  K.  Woolley, 

Thomas  5[.  Mickey,         Richard  A.Buckner,  jr. 
■\Vniiam  0.  Goodloe.        George  B.  Kinkead, 
Madison  C.  Johnson,      A\  illiam  Preston, 
John  C.  Breckinridge,    James  0.  Harrison, 
Frank  K.  Hunt,  Robert  W.  Woolley. 

James  B.  Beck, 


The  present  appellate 
others  who  are  or  have  1 
in  Ky.  Few  states  h 
names,  Ky.  none  more 


court,  and  many 
^een  distinguished 
ave  as  illustrious 
so.      Out  of  this 


controversy  between  Robert  Wickl 

and    Rev.  Dr.  Robert   J.  Breckinridge— 

that  war  of  giants. 

March  24— Remarkable  and  extensive 
caving  in  of  the  banks  of  the  Ky.  river, 
in  and  near  Frankfort. 

April  4  —  The  Paris  True  Kenluckian 
publishes  a  list  of  names  of  a  portion  of 
the  Harrison  co.  citizens  upon  whom  Col. 
Leonidas  Metcalfe  levied  a  military  assess- 
ment or  forced  loan,  in  1862:  Wm.  M. 
Davis  $275,  Thos.  M.  Dills  $125,  Thos. 
English  $125,  Thos.  T.  Garnett  $800, 
Abram  Kellar  $1,000,  M.  D.  Martin  $450, 
■Wm.  McMurtrv  $225,  G.  Remington  $525, 
Martin  Smith  $300,  Milton  Smith.  $200, 
Jas.  I.  Victor  $600,  Wm.  T.  Wiglesworth 
$300.  Rhodes  AViglcsworth  $300.  Col.  M. 
subsequently  compromised  with  some  of 
them,  by  disgorging  a  part  of  bis  ill-gotten 
gains. 

April  11  —  Union  Democratic  (or  con- 
servative Union)  stale  convention,  in  ses- 
sion at  Louisville.  Aaron  Harding  nomi- 
nated for  governor,  and  Judge  ATm.  B. 
Kinkead  for  lieutenant  governor. 

April  27— Duel,  on  an  island  in  South 
Licking  river,  at  Townsend  bridge,  on  the 
line  between  Bourbon  and  Harrison  coun- 
ties, between  Isaac  Hanson,  who  chal- 
lenged, and  Noah  Alexander,  both  of 
Paris,  Bourbon  co.  Hanson  received  three 
shots,  two  through  his  clothes,  and  a  slight 
flesh  wound  in  his  right  hip;  Alexander 
received  one  shot  through  his  clothes. 
May  1  — The  parties  met  in  a  store  in 
Paris,  and  Alexander  shot  Hanson  in  the 
right  foot,  a  severe  wound. 

April  29  —  A  fire  at  Crittenden,  Grant 
CO.,  destroys  the  ^Masonic  hall,  and  several 
stores  and  other  buildings. 

May  4 — Regular  election  for  justices  of 
the  peace  and  constables,  and  special  elec- 
tion for  members  of  congress.  The  result 
of  the  latter  was:  1st  district.  LawrenceS. 
Trimble,  Democrat,  9,787,  G.  G.  Symmes, 
Union,  1,780.  2d.  John  Young  Brown, 
Dem.,  8,922,  Burwell  C.  Kitter,  Union- 
Dera.,  1,155,  Sam'l  E.  Smith,  Un.,  2,816. 
3d.  Elijah  Hise,  Dem.,  7,740,  Geo.  D. 
Blakey.Un., 1,201.  4th.  J.  Proctor  Knott, 
Dem,,  8,199,  Wm.  J.  Heady,  Un.  Dem., 
508,  M.  C.  Taylor,  Un.,  2,277.  5th.  Asa 
P.  Grover,  Dem.,  7,118,  Richard  T.  Jacob, 
Un.  Dem.,  2,417,  W.  A.  Bullitt,  Un.,  742. 
Cth.  Thos.  L.  Jones,  Dem.,  9,488,  Wm.  S. 
Rankin,  Un.,  3,839.  7th.  Jas.  B.  Beck, 
Dem.,  9,716,  Chas.  S.  Hanson.  Un.  Dem., 
1,338,  Wm.  Brown,  Un.,  1.664.     8th.  Geo. 


M.  Adams,  Dem.,  7,690,  M.  J.  Rice,  Un., 
7,175.  9th.  John  D.  Young,  Dem.,  9,042, 
Thos.  M.  Green,  Un.  Dem..  862,  Samuel 
McKee,  Un.,  7,563.  [The  "  Union  Demo- 
crats" were  conservative  Union  men,  and 
"Union"  men  those  since  called  Republic- 
ans.] Aug.  5— Jacob  S.  Golladay,  Dem., 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by 
the  death  of  Judge  Elijah  "Hise— receiving 
6,619,  J,  R.  Curd,  Un.  Dem.,  1,175,  and 
W.  T.  Jackman,  Un.,  850  votes. 

May  8  — Suicide  of  ex-Jndge  Elijah 
Hise,  in  Russellville,  Logan  co.  A  note 
upon  his  table  showed  that,  on  April  21st, 
two  weeks  before  his  election  to  congress, 
he  had  determined  to  die  by  his  own  hand. 
Bodily  infirmity  from  diabetes,  and  a  con- 
viction that  he  could  do  little  or  nothing, 
even  if  admitted  to  his  seat  in  congress, 
towards  restoring  constitutional  govern- 
ment to  his  suffering  country,  preyed 
sorely  upon  his  usually  desponding  mind. 
He  lashed  together  two  Sinch  rifled  pis- 
tols, and  standing  before  a  large  mirror. 


discharged  both  s 
immediately  ove; 
the  top  of  his  he 
May  10— Miss 
Fulton  CO.,  8  mile 
tinned  for  12  yc! 
from  which  it  is 


the  eye-brows,  blowing 
td  completely  off. 


Mn  . 


sy,  liv 


,  has  con- 
past  in  a  deep  sleep, 
possible  to  arouse  her. 
She  awakes,  with  remarkable  regularity, 
twice  in  24  hours,  receives  nourishment, 
(mush,  gruel,  ite.),  and  converses,  with 
some  intelligence,  for  5, 10,  or  15  minutes; 
then  gradually  drops  off  to  sleep.  She 
never  complains  of  bodily  pain,  but  when 
awake  is  often  drowsy  and  gaping,  and 
makes  persistent  efforts  to  cleanse  her 
throat.  When  asleep,  she  is  at  times  very 
nervous,  her  hands  are  clenched  tightly  as 
if  enduring  severe  pain,  and  she  appears  to 
suffer  considerably  by  the  violent  twiteh- 
ings  and  jerkings  of  her  muscles  and 
limbs. 

May  10— During  the  month  of  April, 
197,833  gallons  of  whisky  were  made  in  the 
6th  (Covington)  district,  on  which  the  U.  S. 
government  tax  is  $395,666. 

May  13— Discharge  of  Jefferson  Davis, 
late  C.  S.  president,  from  imprisonment  in 
Fortress  Monroe,  on  bail  to  appear,  on 
Nov.  26,  1867,  for  trial  at  the  U.  S.  circuit 
court  in  Richmond,  Va.  Horace  Greeley 
and  Augustus  Schell,  of  N.  Y.,  and  14 
others,  become  security  on  his  bail  bond. 

May  15 — Liberal  subscriptions,  all  over 
the  state,  for  the  relief  of  the  destitutions 
in  the  South. 

June  3  —  John  Devine  shot,  and  then 
hung,  by  "  regulators,"  at  the  house  of 
Wm.  Carey,  6  miles  from  Harrodsburg, 
Mercer  co. 

June  10— Death,  in  Alabama,  of  Maj. 
Theodore  O'Hara,  formerly  of  Frankfort, 
Ky.;  he  was  editor  of  the  Democratic  Rally 
in  1844,  of  the   Louisville  Times  in  1852, 

writer  he  was  polished,  keen  and  ready  ; 
he  served  with  conspicuous  bravery  in  four 
wars,  the  Mexican  war  in  1S47,  under 
Walker  in  Nicaragua,  with  Lopez  in  the 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


181 


Cuba 


the  i-f 


nd  in  the  Confederate 


July  2— On  the  business  of  the  last  6 
months,  the  Bank  of  Ky.  and  Bank  of 
Louisville  each  declare  4,  the  People's 
Bank  5,  and  the  Louisville  Gas  Co.  6  per 
cent,  dividend. 

July  3 — Death,  at  Henderson,  from  apo- 
plexy, of  ex-Gov.  Lazarus  W.  Powell, 
aged  54. 

July  3 — In  the  U.  S.  house  of  represen- 
tatives, when  Lawrence  S.  Trimble,  Thos. 
L.  Jones,  John  D.  Young,  and  Jas.  B. 
Beck  went  forward  to  the  clerk's  desk  to 
be  qualified  as  members,  they  were  inter- 
rupted by  a  protest  from  Samuel  McKee, 
who  is  contesting  Mr.  Young's  seat.  A 
motion  was  then  made  by  John  A.  Logan, 
and  carried,  referring  to  the  committee  on 
elections — to  report  upon  whether  at  the 
election  loyal  voters  were  not  overawed  by 
rebel  sympathizers  and  ex-rebel  soldiers, 
and  deprived  of  voting ;  and,  also,  as  to 
the  "loyalty"  of  said  members. 

July  12— Death,  at  Houston,  Texas,  of 
Dr.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  jr.,  for  most 
of  his  life  a  resident  of  Louisville.  At  the 
close  of  the  recent  war,  he  was  serving  on 
Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee's  staff  as  chief  medi- 
cal director  of  the  army  of  the  Potomac  ; 
he  was  a  man  of  brilliant  talents  and  of 
fine  social  qualities. 

July  18 — Miij.  James  H.  Bridgewater, 
while  in  the  office  of  a  hotel  at  Stanford, 
Lincoln  co.,  attacked  by  5  men,  who  en- 
tered the  room  and  fired,  killing  him  in- 
stantly; he  had  threatened  the  lives  of 
several  of  them,  had  hunted  for  one  to  kill 
him,  had  sworn  he  would  ••eiit  the  heart" 
of  another,  and  made  bloody  threats  about 
the  others.  They  were  promptly  acquitted 
by  an  examining  court. 

July  — 200  houses  being  erected  in 
Paris,  and  60  in  Lexington. 

July  26  — Death,  at  Frankfort,  of  Or- 
lando Brown,  aged  55,  one  of  the  most 
elegant  and  scholarly  gentlemen  of  the 
state  ;  for  many  years  editor  of  the  Frank- 
fort Commonweallh,  secreta,ry  of  state  under 
Gov.  Crittenden  for  a  short  time,  and  com- 
missioner of  Indian  affairs  under  President 
Taylor. 

July  —The  Ky.  General  Association 
of  Baptists,  through  a  committee  of  min- 
isters—Revs. Geo.  Hunt,  J.  S.  Coleman, 
D.D.,  W.  Pope  Yeaman,  Geo.  C.  Lorimer, 
and  R.  M.  Dudley— issues  "  To  the  People 
of  Kentucky"  an  earnest  protest  against 
the  action  of  the  legislature  "  in  giving 
up  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Col- 
lege, under  a  few  trifling  restrictions,  to 
the  management  and  control  of  the  Camp- 
bellites  —  thereby  making  what  was  de- 
signed to  be  a  benefit  to  all,  a  benefit  to 
one  sect;"  because  "tending  to  the  union 
of  church  and  state,"  &c.;  because  "mak- 
ing a  state  institution  a  sectarian  one," 
&c.;  because  "embracing  and  caressing 
one  sect  more  than  another,  and  lavishing 
upon  it  the  patronage  and  prestige  of  the 
state,  as  not  only  an  act  of  the  grossest 
injustice  in   itself,  but   tending  to   breed 


wide-spread  distrust  and  discontent."  It 
appeals  to  the  people  to  instruct  their  leg- 
islators to  repeal  the  act  above  referred  to. 
Sept.  10  —  Elkhorn  Association  —  through 
a  committee  of  ministers,  Revs.  W.  T. 
Hearne,  Squire  L.  Helm,  D.  D.,  George 
Varden,  and  J.  E.  Farnam — makes  a  sim- 
ilar protest  and  appeal. 

Aug.  1 — Corner-atone  laid  of  an  immense 
iron  railroad  bridge,  over  the  Ohio  river  at 
the  Falls  at  Louisville;  its  entire  length, 
including  graded  approaches,  7,750  feet; 
length  of  the  bridge  proper,  5,220  feet, 
only  60  feet  less  than  one  mile ;  elevation 
52  feet  above  the  highest  stage  of  water 
ever  known  at  that  point;  the  superstruc- 
ture will  be  Fink's  patent  suspension  truss, 
laid  on  25  piers  and  2  abutments. 

Aug.  2  —  Grand  tournament  at  Shaw's 
meadow,  near  Paris ;  9  tilts,  witnessed  by 
a  large  concourse.  Ang.  16  —  Another 
tournament  near  Paris;  10  tilts. 

Aug.  3 — Nathan  Lawson,  aged  about 
70,  hung  by  "regulators,"  near  Cornish- 
viUe,  Mercer  co. 

Aug.  5 — Election  for  state  officers:  For 
governor,  John  L.  Helm,  Democrat,  90,- 
225,  Wm.  B.  Kinkead,  Union  Democrat, 
13,167,  Col.  Sidney  M.  Barnes,  Un.  33,939. 
Helm  over  Barnes  66,286,  over  Kinkead 
77,058.  Lieutenant  governor,  John  W. 
Stevenson  elected,  over  Harrison  Taylor 
and  R.  Tarvin  Baker.  Attorney  general, 
John  Rodman  elected,  over  Gen.  John  M. 
Harlan  and  Col.  Jno.  Mason  Brown.  Au- 
ditor, Col.  D.  Howard  Smith  elected,  over 
Col.  J.  Smith  Hurtt  and  Col.  Silas  Ad.ams. 
Treasurer,  James  W.  Tate  elected,  over 
Alfred  Allen  and  Cnpt.  M.  J.  Roark.  Reg- 
ister of  the  Land  ofiice,  Jas.  A.  Dawson 
elected,  over  Col.  J.  J.  Craddock  and  Capt. 
Jas.  M.  Fiddler.  Superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  Zach.  F.  Smith  elected,  over 
Capt.  Ben.  M.  Harney  and  Rev.  Daniel 
Stevenson.  [The  successful  candidates 
were  nominees  of  the  Democratic  party  ; 
those  named  second,  of  the  "  Union  Dem- 
ocratic" or  Conservative  Union  party  ;  and 
those  last  named,  of  the  "Union"  or  Re- 
publican party.]  The  legislature  stands: 
Democrats  in  senate  28,  house  85  ;  Union 
Democrats  in  senate  3,  house  5  ;  and  Union 
or  Republican,  in  senate  7,  house  10. 

Aug.  8,  12  — Sever.al  cases  of  rape  by 
negroes  upon  white  women  and  girls,  in 
Fayette,  Bracken,  and  other  counties. 

Aug.  10  —  Two  negroes  hung  by  the 
"regulators,'*  near  Mackville,  Washing- 
ton CO. 

Aug.  15 — Upon  opening  the  coffin  of  one 
of  the  Federal  soldiers  disinterred  at 
Glasgow,  Barren  co.,  for  removal  to  a  na- 
tional cemetery,  it  was  evident  that  he  had 
been  prematurely  buried.  The  pillow  was 
lying  upon  his  jsreas't,  and  the  distortion 
in  body  and  members  showed  that  he  had 
revived  after  burial,  and  struggled  terribly 
for  release. 

Aug.  25— Jos.  Sutherland,  confined  in 
jail  at  Harrodsburg,  Mercer  co.,  on  a 
charge  of  rape  on  a  little  girl  of  11  or  12 
years,  taken  from  the  jail  at  1  A.  3i.,  to  a 


188 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


point  4  miles  west,  on  the  Mackville  road, 
first  shot,  and  then  hung,  by  "regulators." 

Aug.  26 — Lealie  Hicks  hung  by  "regu- 
lators," 3)4  miles  south  of  Danville, 
Boyle  CO. 

Aug.  30— $1,108,000  of  Ky.  state  bonds, 
and  over  $700,000  of  coupons,  (redeemed 
and  canceled  under  the  law  of  last  winter,) 
burned  at  Frankfort. 

Sept.  1  — 17  points  selected  in  Ky.  as 
"money-order  post  oflBces." 

Sept.  3  —  John  L.  Helm  inaugurated 
governor,  while  lying  in  bed  and  danger- 
ously ill,  at  his  home  at  Elizabethtown, 
Hardin  co.  Sept.  8— Death  of  Gov.  Helm  ; 
and,  Sept.  13,  inauguration  of  lieutenant 
governor  John  W.  Stevenson  as  governor. 
He  appoints  Col.  Frank  Wolford  adjutant 
general,  and  JIaj.  Fayette  Hewitt  quarter- 
master general.  Wm.  T.  Samuels  resigns 
the  auditorship,  to  become  assistant  secre- 
tary of  state  ;  and  the  auditor  elect,  D. 
Howard  Smith,  is  appointed  auditor  to  fill 
the  vacancy  until  Jan.  1868. 

Sept.  8— The  deputy  sherifi'  of  Boyle  eo. 
and  3  others  arrested  by  the  military, 
upon  a  charge  of  being  "regulators,"  are 
released  by  Gen.  George  H.  Thomas  upon 
bail  to  answer  any  indictment  found 
ag.ainst  them  by  the  Federal  grand  jury. 

Sept.  14  —  Grand  tournament  given  by 
the  Confederate  Monumental  society,  at 
the  fair  grounds,  near  Cynthiana. 

Sept.  15— L.  L.  Penny,  of  Boyle  co., 
sells  his  thoroughbred  Berkshire  boar  Bob 
Lee  for  $150;  he  is  14  J^  months  old,  and 
weighs  425  pounds. 

Sept.  — Gov.  Stevenson  issues  a  proc- 
lamation warning  the  "band  of  Regula- 
tors— who  have  attempted,  regardless  of 
all  laws,  to  inflict  punishment  upon  various 
citizens,  for  real  or  supposed  offenses" — 
that  the  Executive  cannot  tolerate  any 
such  association  of  men,  but  will  see  that 
they  are  brought  to  condign  punishment." 

Oct.  11  —  Challenge  to  duel  between 
Green  Clay  Goodloe  and  Geo.  C.  Brand. 
They  meet  for  the  purpose  in  Indiana,  op- 
posite the  mouth  of  Ky.  river;  but  by  the 
exertion  of  their  seconds,  Capt.  Lawrence 
and  Elisha  Warfield,  the  difficulty  is  hon- 
orably adjusted. 

Oct.  11 — Gov.  Stevenson  authorizes  ad- 
jutant general  Frank  Wolford  to  raise  3 
volunteer  companies  in  Boyle,  Marion  and 
Casey  counties,  to  sustain  the  laws  and 
protect  the  people  against  the  outrages 
and  murders  of  the  "regulators." 

Oct.  16 — A  sub-committee  on  elections, 
from  the  lower  house  of  congress  at  Wash- 
ington city— Glenni  W.  Schofield  of  Pa., 
Michael  C.  Kerr  of  Ind.,  and  Burton  C. 
Cook,  of  111. — sent  to  Lexington  and  Lou- 
isville, "  to  take  testimony  in  regard  to 
the  loyalty  of  Ky.  congressmen." 

Nov.  5 — Freedmen's  Bureau  agents  re- 
buked by  the  U.  S.  authorities  at  Louis- 
ville, for  the  abuse  of  power  shown,  fre- 
quently, in  arresting  citizens  by  the  mili- 
tary, and  dragging  them  ofi'  to  the  U.  S. 
court  at  Louisville  for  trivial  and  petty 
offenses. 


Not.  16  —  Paris,  Bonrbon  co.,  lighted 
with  gas. 

Nov.  22— Gen.  Jas.  S.  Brisbin  publishes, 
in  the  Cincinnati  Commercial,  a  letter 
abusing  Kentucky  and  Kentuckians,  and 
glorifying  himself.  In  again  defending 
Gen.  Burbridge,  he  mentions  several  of 
"the  men  who  had  influence  at  headquar- 
ters"— adjutant  general  J.  Bates  Dickson, 
brigadier  general  James  S.  Brisbin,  and 
Rev.  Dr.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge.  The 
latter,  he  says,  "was,  throughout  his  ad- 
ministration, Burbridge's  adviser  andfriend; 
he  was  frequently  summoned  to  headquar- 
ters, and  Burbridge  often  went  miles  to 
consult  with  the  wise  old  Doctor.  I  was 
present  at  several  of  these  interviews,  and 
know  that  Gen.  Burbridge  regarded  Rob- 
ert J.  Breckinridge  as  the  wisest  and  ablest 
man  in  Ky.  He  was  not  alone  in  his  high 
opinion  of  the  venerable  Doctor's  wisdom 
in  military  as  well  as  civil  matters  ;  for 
while  in  command  in  this  part  of  Ky.,  I 
relied  upon  the  advice  and  counsel  of  the 
Doctor  more  than  any  other  man.  And 
except,  perhaps,  Ben.  Wade,  I  would  to- 
day rather  follow  his  advice  than  any 
man  living." 

Nov.  22— Col.  Oscar  H.  Burbridge,  in  a 
personal  altercation  on  the  street  in  Cov- 
ington, shoots  with  a  pistol  Maj.  A.  J. 
Morey,  editor  of  the  Cynthiana  iVVios— the 
ball  passing  through  his  right  arm  and 
into  his  side,  inflicting  a  dangerous  wound, 
and  paralyzing  his  arm  so  that  the  pistol, 
which  he  was  trying  to  use,  fell  from  his 
hands.  Burbridge  had  first  struck  Morey 
with  his  cane,  and  Morey  was  trying  to 
get  his  pistol  from  his  pocket,  when  Bur- 
bridge shot.  Violent  language  had  passed 
between  them,  in  consequence  of  Burljridge 
demanding  the  author  of,  and  threatening 
to  hold  Morey  responsible  for,  a  very  bitter 
and  abusive  article  in  the  News  of  the  day 
before  about  Col.  B.'s  brother.  Gen.  Stephen 
G.  Burbridge.  The  recent  attempted  vin- 
dication by  the  two  generals  was  the  oc- 
casion of  the  News'  article — of  which  the 
following  is  one  of  the  mildest  passages : 

"Does  not  the  ghost  of  Walter  Ferguson 
haunt  Mr.  Burbridge?  Can  he  forget  the 
appeals  the  ladies  of  Lexington  made  to 
him  in  behalf  of  this  youth,  and  how  he 
spurned  them  from  his  presence,  and 
doomed  him  to  an  infamous  death?  Can 
he  have  forgotten  so  early  how  he  sent 
young  Jameson  and  Reese,  of  Harrison 
CO.,  to  eternity  for  no  other  cause  than 
that  they  were  rebel  soldiers?  Has  the 
death  of  Thorn t.  Lafferty  passed  out  of  his 
mind?  And  many  others  we  could  men- 
tion. If  he  has,  let  him  be  assured  the 
people  have  not  filled  their  places  yet; 
and  that  their  homes  are  desolate  and 
dreary  to-day  on  account  of  their  absence, 
and  that  their  memory  is  fresh  and  green 
in  the  hearts  of  the  people  of  Ky." 

Nov.  28 — The  Louisville  Journal  closes 
its  37th  year.     The  veteran    editor,  Geo. 

sary  in  an  article  of  singular  beauty  and 
power. 


1S67. 


ANXALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


183 


Nov.  29  — Court  of  appeals,  in  Watson 
et  al.  vs.  Avery  et  a/.,  reverses  the  decision 
of  the  Louisville  chancery  court,  and  de- 
cides that  the  election  of  Messrs.  Avery, 
McNaughton  and  Leech  as  ruling  elders 
of  the  Walnut  street  Presbyterian  church 
■was  null  and  void  ;  that,  although  their 
election  was  ratified  by  the  Presbyteri.in 
General  Assembly  last  May,  in  St.  Louis, 
yet— inasmuch  as  that  ratification  "was 
not  made  on  an  appeal,  or  in  the  exercise 
of  its  revisory  or  corrective  jurisdiction  in 
any  of  the  modes  prescribed  by  the  con- 
stitution, but  in  the  exercise  of  original 
jurisdiction"  (which  by  the  constitution 
of  the  church  did  not  belong  to  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly)  — said  election  was  not 
thereby  rendered  valid.  The  opinion  was 
delivered  by  Judge  M.  R.  Hardin,  and  is 
one  of  great  ability. 

Nov.  —Gen.  Stephen  G.  Burbridge 
publishes  a  letter  addressed  to  Gen.  Jas. 
S.  Brisbin,  in  which  he  asks  him  to  dis- 
prove the  following  charges: 

"1.  That  I  issued  an  order  stopping  the 
shipment  of  pork  (better  known  as  the 
famous  hog  order),  and  thereby  did  the 
Ky.  farmers  great  injustice. 

"2.  That  I  abused,  banished,  impris- 
oned, and  punished  innocent  persons,  in 
violation  of  the  laws  of  war. 

"3.  That  I  executed,  without  trial,  guer- 
rillas, rebel  soldiers,  and  citizens. 

"4.  That  I  conspired  with  agents  and 
contractors  of  the  government  to  make 
large  sums  of  money  for  myself. 
_  "5.  That  I  made  illegal  assessments  upon 
citizens  and  took  away  private  property, 
which  I  appropriated  to  my  own  use  and 
bestowed  upon  my  friends." 

Gen.  Brisbin  replies  specifically  and  at 
great  length,  and  publishes  certain  official 
documents,  tending  to  prove  that  his  "hog 
orders"  were  issued  at  the  instance  of  U.  S. 
commissary  officers  against  his  judgment 
and  eflSorts.  Of  the  correspondence,  the 
Paris  True  Kentuckian  says  : 

"We  think  Gen.  Burbridge  has  mistaken 
his  true  line  of  defense.  1st.  To  disprove 
the  accusations  against  him,  he  has  called 
upon  one  who  has  been  so  violent  in  his 
course  and  so  intemperate  in  his  Innguno-e, 
as  to  render  his  defense  of  less  weight  than 
if  it  had  proceeded  from  some  source  less 
obnoxious  to  our  people.  Moreover,  Gen. 
Brisbin  was  on  Gen.  Burbridge's  staff,  and 
identified  with  his  adm'inis- 


admission,  it  seems  to  us  Gen.  Burbridge 
recognijes  and  assumes  the  full  responsi- 
bility of  all  his  acts. 

"3d.  In  our  opinion,  Gen.  Burbridge's 
most  effective  defense  would  have  been  to 
disclose  the  names  of  those  who  pretended 

to  be  his  friends — who  were  his  advisers 

and  some  of  whom,  it  is  charged,  now 
revel  upon  the  'blood-money'  extorted 
during  that  dark  reign  of  terror  and  blood- 
shed. Who  was  that  'power  behind  the 
throne  greater  than  the  throne  itself?' 
Who  was  it  who  sought  to  use  Burbridge 
as  a  mere  instrument  to  satiate  their  own 
cravings  for  human  blood?  Let  those 
who  were  guilty  be  unmasked.  And  if 
this  is  done,  our  people  are  magnanimous, 
and  will  visit  with  their  indignation  those 
who  were  renll;/  the  guilty,  and  not  the 
mere  instruments  in  their  hands." 

Dec.  1— Death,  in  Woodford  co.,  of  Rob- 
ert Aitcheson  Alexander.  He  was  prob- 
ably the  third  wealthiest  man  in  the  state. 
He  is  believed  to  have  contributed  more 
than  any  man  in  America  to  the  improve- 
ment of  blooded  stock.  Few  men  have 
left  behind  the  imprints  of  so  useful  a  life, 
in  more  than  one  department  of  agricul- 


Dec.     - 
Dec.  2- 


of  Col.  R.  B.  J. 


Twy- 


trati 


vhile 


ofthii 


military    departn 

anxious  to  present  the  actions  of  his  supe 

rior  officer  in  as  favorable  a  light  as  pos 

"2d.  Gen.  Burbridge— in  declaring  'tha 
he  had  never,  in  a  single  instance,  failei 
to  act  on  your  [Brisbin's]  recommcnda 
tion,  even  to  the  turning  out  of  a  rebel,  o 
the  setting  aside  of  a  death  sentence'— ac 
knowledges  that  the  issues  of  life  nnc 
death  were  in  his  hands;  and  that,  if  h< 
[Burbridge]  had  so  willed  it,  the  numerou! 
military  executions  during  his  administra- 
tion might  have  been  prevented.     By  thi; 


he  superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  Zach.  F.  Smith,  in  an  able 
special  report,  recommends  "an  additional 
tax  of  15  cents  on  the  $100,  necessary  as 
the  basis  of  an  effective  and  vigorous  sys- 
tem, that  will  guarantee  a  free  school  for 
five  months  in  each  year,  in  every  dis- 
trict—the shortest  time  for  which  tuition 
should  be  given,  to  educate  the  masses  for 
good  practical  results." 

2— Legislature  in  session.  John 
T.  Bunch,  of  Louisville,  elected  speaker 
of  the  house,  receiving  80  votes,  Richard 
J.  Browne  2  ;  Micah  T.  Chrisman,  of  Boyle 
CO.,  and  Thos.  S.  Pettit,  of  Daviess  co., 
unanimously  elected  clerk  and  assistant 
clerk  respectively,  Wm.  N.  Robb  sergeant- 
at-arms,  and  John  A.  Crittenden  door- 
keeper. 

Dec.  3— In  the  senate,  Wm.  Johnson, 
of  Nelson,  elected  speaker  without  oppo- 
sition, receiving  26  votes— the  scat  of  the 
presiding  officer  of  the  senate  having  been 
vacated  by  the  accession  of  the  lieutenant 
governor,  John  W.  Stevenson,  to  the  gub- 
ernatorial chair;  Dr.  J.  Russell  Haw- 
kins was  elected  clerk,  J.  A.  Munday  as- 
sistant clerk,  Howard  Todd  sergeant-at- 
arms,  and  Wm.  P.  Duvall  door-keeper. 

Dec.  3  — Gov.  John  W.  Stevenson,  in 
his  annual  message,  details  his  efforts  to 
preserve  order  and  put  down  the  "regula- 
tors" in  Boyle,  Mercer,  Lincoln,  Marion, 
and  some  adjoining  counties,  and  adds: 
"These  disturbances  originated  from  pri- 
vate feuds,  or  sprung  from  an  impression 
in  the  minds  of  the  'regulators'  that  the 
laws  were  not  sufficiently  enforced  ;  they 
do  not  owe  their  origin  to  any  difference 
in  political  sentiment,  and  are  wholly  un- 
connected with  antagonisms  springinf  out 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1867. 


of  the  late  civil  war."  He  calls  attention 
to  the  fact  that  of  the  nine  Ky.  representa- 
tives in  congress,  only  Geo.  M.  Adams  has 
been  atlmitte.l  to  his  seat.  "  Kentucky, 
entitled  under  the  constitution  to  nine  rep- 
resentatives, has  at  this  moment  but  one  /" 

Dec.  4  —  The  report  of  quartermaster 
general  Fayette  Hewitt  shows  that  the 
V.  S.  government  has  refunded,  during 
the  past  year,  $399,224,  and  still  owes  Ky. 
$1,468,937  for  expenditures  arising  out  of 
the  late  civil  war.  There  are  now  in  the 
state  arsenal,  8  pieces  of  artillery,  and 
18,077  stand  of  small  arms,  of  which  9,377 
are  cavalry  guns. 

Deo.  7— Death,  near  Cornishville,  Mer- 
cer CO.,  of  Mr. Ould,  aged  103  years. 

Dec.  11  —  In  the  house  of  representa- 
tives, John  W.  Leathers,  of  Kenton  Co., 
offers  a  resolution  to  appoint  a  joint  com- 
mittee (of  2  from  the  senate  and  3  from  the 
house)  to  ascertain  and  report  the  names 
of  all  citizens  of  Ky.  who  have  been— 1st, 
"  Put  to  death,  not  in  battle,  by  order  of 
any  military  commander;"  or,  2d,  "Ar- 
rested or  imprisoned  by  order  of  any  such 
commander;"  or,  3d,  "  Expelled  from  the 
state."  And  John  J.  AUnut,  of  Louis- 
ville, offers  the  following  : 

"  Whereas,  It  has  come  to  the  knowledge 
of  the  general  assembly,  through  the  pub- 
lic press,  that  Gen.  Stephen  G.  Burbridge, 
while  commandant  of  the  department  of 
Ky.,  is  publicly  charged  with  causing 
many  persons — citizens  of  Ky.  and  other 
states — to  be  murdered  under  color  of  mil- 
itary authority,  and  was,  while  such  com- 
mandant, guilty  of  many  other  atrocities 
in  the  state  of  Ky.;  which  acts,  it  is  under- 
stood through  the  public  press,  the  said 
Burbridge  denies.  Now,  that  the  country 
may  be  fully  informed  of  the  verity  or 
falsehood  of  said  publications,  and  that 
the  said  Burbridge  may  have  a  full  and 
fair  investigation  of  his  acts  and  conduct 
while  such  commandant ;  Be  it  resolved, 
that  a  committee  of  investigation,  com- 
posed of  3  representatives  and  2  senators, 
be  appointed  to  take  and  hear  proof,  and 
report  to  the  general  assembly  the  result 
of  their  investigation — first  giving  notice 
to  said  Burbridge  of  the  times  and  places 
of  their  meeting  for  investigation;  and 
with  power  to  send  for  persons  and  pa- 
pers." [Subsequently  referred  to  the  com- 
mittee on  Federal  Relations,  where  they 
slept  the  sleep  that,  in  a  legislative  body, 
knows  no  waking.] 

Dec.  17  to  Jan.  10,  1868  — Admiral  Ra- 
phael Semmes,  of  the  late  Confederate 
States  navy  and  commander  of  the  war- 
steamer  Alabama,  lectures  on  the  "  Cruise 
of  the  Alabama,"  in  nearly  all  the  impor- 
tant towns  in  Ky. — for  the  benefit  of  the 
Confederate  Monumental  Society.  At  a 
Christmas  dinner  to  him  at  ex-Gov.  Beriah 
MagoflBn's,  at  Harrodsburg,  with  a  large 
company  of  prominent  ex-Federals  and 
ex-Confederates,  "  hobnobbing  together, 
and  forgetting  their  animosities,"  Gov. 
Magoffin's  toast  was  :  "  The  fame  of  Amer- 
ican soldiers  and  sailors,  whether  rebel  or 


federal,  is  the  common  heritage  of  our 
people.  Ancl  here  is  the  health  of  my  dis- 
tinguished guest.  Admiral  Semmes.'' 

Dec.  19— Letter  from  Lieut.  Gen.  Wm. 
T.  Sherman  to  Gen.  Burbridge: 

Washington  Citt,  Dec.  19, 1867. 
Gen.  Stephen  G.  Burbridge,  Lexington,  Ky.: 

Dear  General  :  I  now  have  the  pleasure 
to  enclose  you  a  copy  of  the  letter  I  ad- 
dressed to  you  June  21,  1864,  when  you 
were  commanding  in  Ky.,  subject  to  my 
orders.  [See  extract  from  it,  on  page  135 
ante.']  The  instructions  contained  in  that 
letter  were  commands  to  you,  binding  on 
you  under  the  Articles  of  War,  and  for 
which  you  were  no  more  responsible  than 
for  the  execution  of  any  other  order.  / 
alone  am  responsible;  and  I  have  no  fear 
but  my  orders  were  right  and  appropriate. 
I  hear  the  people  of  Ky.  blame  you  for 
your  acts  under  my  orders.  If  so,  they  are 
foolish,  forsomeof  them  were  thankful  that 

you  were  too  lenient." [Here  follows 

a  neat  compliment  upon  Gen.  B.'s  services.] 
Very  truly,  your  friend, 

W.  T.  SHERMAN. 

Dec.  19— The  Danville  Advocate  puts  on 
record  the  following : 

"We  remember  that  on  a  dark  night,  in 
the  early  part  of  Nov.,  1864,  the  steamboat 
Allen  Collier  was  stopped  at  the  Maysville 
wharf,  and  a  lieutenant  with  a  squad  of 
U.  S.  soldiers  left  the  boat  with  an  order 
from  Gen.  Burbridge  for  the  arrest  of  Maj. 
Jas.  J.  Ross,  editor  of  the  Maysville  Bul- 
letin. Diligent  search  was  made  for  him  ; 
but  fortunately  he  had  some  intimation  of 
what  was  intended,  and  was  not  found. 
We  were  less  fortunate.  On  that  same 
night  we  were  a  jirisoner  on  board  that 
boat,  securely  guarded.  Our  paper  had 
been  suppressed,  we  had  been  arrested  at 
our  home,  taken  without  any  charges  pre- 
ferred, and  a  decree  of  banishment  issued 
without  any  trial.  We  presume  our  offense 
was  that  we  were  the  editor  of  the  Dan- 
ville Tribune— one  of  the  half-dozen  Dem- 
ocratic papers  in  Ky.,  at  that  time,  that 
adhered  to  constitutional  principles,  and 
did  not  worship  at  the  shrine  of  King 
Burbridge.  We  have  reason  to  know  that 
it  was  the  purpose  of  the  Lexington 'clique' 
(who  operated  through  Burbridge)  to  crush 
out  the  opposition  to  Radicalism  in  the 
state  by  suppressing  the  Conservative  pa- 
pers and  banishing  their  editors.  An  at- 
tempt was  made  to  arrest  D.  Carmichacl 
Wickliffe,  editor  of  the  Lexington  Ob- 
server, but  he  found  out  what  was  in  the 
wind,  made  his  escape  from  the  state,  and 
sought  an  asylum  elsewhere.  Paul  R. 
Shipman,  of  the  Louisville  Journal,  was 
arrested,  taken  as  far  as  Catlettsburg,  wo 
believe,  and  released.  Thos.  S.  Pettit, 
editor  of  the  Owensboro  Monitor,  was  ar- 
rested and  put  "across  the  lines"  at  Mem- 
phis, and  was  an  exile  for  months  from 
his  home.  Threats  were  made  against 
Thos.  M.  Green,  of  the  Maysville  Eagle— 
which  paper,  with  the  Louisville  Democrat, 
made  up  the  list  of  Democratic  or  conserv- 
ative papers  then  published  in  Ky." 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


185 


Dec.  —Mason  CO.,  by  1,421  to  964, 
votes  a  tax  of  one  per  cent,  per  annum  for 
three  years  on  all  her  taxable  property,  to 
pay  for  her  stock  subscription  to  the  com- 
pletion of  the  railroad  from  Maysville  to 
Paris.  In  1861-52-63,  Mason  co.  issued 
$260,000  of  .SO-year  railroad  bonds.  By 
judicious  sinking-fund  management,  that 
debt  is  already  reduced  to  $124,000. 

Dec.  25— Death,  near  Louisville,  aged 
nearly  79,  of  Maj.  Aris  Throckmorton,  a 
soldier  of  the  war  of  1812,  and  distin- 
guished before  1830  as  the  landlord  of  the 
Lower  Blue  Lick  Springs  watering-place, 
and  from  1835  to  1865  of  the  Gait  House 
at  Louisville.  His  social  qualities  were 
remarkable,  and  the  greatest  men  of  Ky. 
.  and  the  West  prized  Jiis  company  and 
friendship. 

Deo.  27— The  Lexington  Slaleeman,  the 
leading  Radical  organ  in  the  state,  says; 

"  The  legislature  proposes  to  investigate 
the  official  conduct  of  Gen.  Burbridge 
while  in  command  in  Ky.  The  general 
does  not  shrink  from  this  investigation  ; 
he  rather  courts  it.  If  it  ever  takes  place 
he  will  show  :  1st,  That  Generals  Ulysses 
S.  Grant  and  Wm.  T.  Sherman  both  in- 
dorse that  action,  his  alleged  murders  and 
all ;  2d,  That  no  man  was  executed  by 
him  that  had  not  been  regularly  tried, 
convicted,  and  sentenced  by  court  martial ; 
3d,  That  after  such  conviction  ample  time 
was  given  friends  to  get  a  reversal  of  the 
decree  of  the  court  martial  from  Washing- 
ton ;  4th,  That  fewer  men  were  executed 
by  him  than  by  his  successor,  Gen.  John 
M.  Palmer;  5th,  That  he  showed  a  great 
reluctance  in  the  execution  of  severe  meas- 
ures, but  that  his  orders  from  his  superiors 
were  explicit;  6th,  That  the  charge  that 
he  received  bribes  to  let  prisoners  oflF  is 
false.  Gen.  Sherman,  it  is  said,  when  the 
investigation  takes  place,  will  furnish  the 
evidence  that  Gen.  Bragg,  while  in  K}'.  in 
1862,  executed  some  16  men  without  trial. 
He  will  also  furnish  Gen.  Burbridge  all 
orders  and  parts  of  orders  given  by  him  to 
Gen.  Burbridge,  which  orders  justify  the 
latter  in  what  he  did.  For  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge's  sake,  then,  we  say,  let  the  inves- 
tigation take  place :  and  let  this  much 
abused  man  be  justified  before  the  public 
with  the  hearty  indorsement  of  his  supe- 
riors." 

1868,  Jan.  2— The  editor  of  the  Maysville 
Eagle.  Thos.  M.  Green,  in  noticing  Gen. 
Brisbin's  defense  of  Gen.  Burbridge,  relates 
several  instances  of  innocent  young  men 
who  were  executed  by  order  of  the  latter, ( 
without  trial,  without  notice  of  trial,  with- 
out notice  to  their  friends  of  sentence 
until  after  execution  ;  an  instance  of  a  man 
guilty  of  being  a  guerrilla  who  was  "sen- 
tenced to  be  shot,  in  connection  with  an- 
other man  who  was  not  within  100  miles 
of  Henderson  when  the  murder  was  com- 
mitted for  which  the  former  was  con- 
demned ;  the  mother  and  sister  of  the 
former  interceded  with  Burbridge  to  change 
the  death  sentence  to  imprisonment,  but 
he  rejected  their  prayers  ;  they  were  ad- 


vised 
who,  f 


employ  "an  ex-Federal  colonel 
a  large  sum  of  money  which  was 
dertonk  to  secure  the  release  of 
emned  guerrilla,  and  succeeded — 
while  an  innocent  man  was  hung  in  his 
place,  at  Henderson,"  He  furnishes  other 
instances  and  names,  and  alludes  to  still 
more  ;  and  renews  a  challenge,  first  given 
in  1865,  to  Gen.  Burbridge  "  to  take  such 
measures  as  would  give  him  an  opportunity 
to  produce  witnesses  to  prove  these  state- 
ments, either  before  a  military  or  civil 
court."  The  article,  while  couched  in 
respectful  language,  is  strong,  pointed, 
and  crushing. 

Jan.  3— During  the  entire  year  1867  the 
steamer  Magnolia  transported  to  Cincin- 
nati from  Maysville  2,102  hogsheads  of 
tobacco,  from  Ripley,  Ohio,  1,825,  from 
Higginsport,  0.,  1,372,  from  Dover,  Mason 
CO.,  Ky.,  994,  from  Augusta,  Bracken  CO., 
788,  and  from  other  points  2,083— in  all, 
9,165  hogsheads  on  one  steamer  alone, 

Jan.  8— The  city  council  of  Louisville 
requests  the  Ky.  senators  and  representa- 
tives in  congress  to  insist  upon  some  as- 
surance from  the  general  government  that 
Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge  "will  be  free  to 
return  home  at  any  time,  unmolested  by 
any  agent  of  the  Federal  government  in 
resuming  the  pursuits  of  civil  life,"  &a. 

Jan.  8- The  central  committee  of  the 
Union  Democratic  (or  "  Third")  party 
issue  an  address  calling  upon  their  polit- 
ical friends,  and  upon  all  eonservativeg 
and  Democrats,  to  unite  upon  the  candi- 
date for  governor  who  may  be  nominated 
by  the  Democratic  stale  convention  at 
Frankfort,  on  Feb.  22,  and  to  send  dele- 
gates to  and  take  part  in  said  convention. 

Jan.  11 — A  report  of  the  state  librarian, 
sent  to  the  senate  by  order,  shows  among 
the  books  in  the  library  only  o»ecopy  of  any 
history  of  the  state  of  Ky.,  (Collins',  pub- 
lished in  1847) ;  not  a  copy  on  hand  of  Fil- 
son's,  published  in  1784,  Imlay's  in  1792, 
Littell's  in  1806,  Marshall's  in  1812  and 
1824,  Bradford's  in  1827,  or  Butler's  in 
1834  and  1836. 

Jan.  15  — Samuel  I.  M.  Major  elected 
public  printer  by  the  legislature,  receiving 
119  votes,  iind  John  H.  Harney  2  votes. 
Walter  N.  H.aldeman  elected  public  binder, 
receiving  114  votes,  and  Adam  C.  Keenon 
3  votes.  A.  W,  Vallandingham  elected 
state  libr.ari,an. 

Jan.  22  — Legislature  increases  the  fee 
of  witnesses  for  each  day's  attendance  at 

court  to  $1 25— Cities  and  towns  on 

the  Ohio  river  m.ay  contract  to  get  their 
supply  of  water  from,  or  may  furnish  water 
to,  cities  outside  the  state.  [Especially 
adapted  to  Covington  and  Newport.] 

Jan.  23— Samuel  S.  Marshall,  of  Illi- 
nois, on  the  floor  of  the  U.  S.  house  of  rep- 
resentatives, of  which  body  he  is  a  mem- 
ber, denounces  Gen.  Stephen  6.  Burbridge 
as  "the  military  Jeffreys  of  Kentucky," 
and  characterizes  his  militai-y  career  in 
this  state  in  strong  language.     25th— Gen. 

'on  in  the  Washington  City 


186 


ANNALS    OF    KEXTCCKY. 


1868. 


Chronicle.  31st  — Mr.  Marshall  has  the 
letter  read  on  the  fli)Or  of  congress,  com- 
ments in  respectful  terms,  and  makes  a 
personal  explanation  ;  to  which  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge  replies,  next  day,  in  another  news- 
paper article. 

Jan.  2'1— The  senate,  by  29  to  5,  passed 
a  bill  to  purchase  of  the  author  1,000  copies 
of  a  "  Treatise  on  Pleading  and  Practice 
under  the  Civil  Code  of  Kentucky,  pre- 
pared by  Jno.  E.  Newman,"  at  $5  per  copy. 
The  house,  .Jan.  31,  rejected  the  bill,  .18  to 
41 ;  reconsidered  it,  and,  Feb.  25,  again  re- 
jected it,  50  to  25  [51  TOtes  being  required 
to  pass  it]. 

Jan.  26— Death,  near  Louisville,  of  John 
H.  Harney,  aged  about  65,  editor  since 
1844  of  the  Louisville  Democrat— a.  culti- 
vated and  genial  gentleman,  and  a  grace- 
ful, vigorous,  and  spirited  writer, 

Jan.  27— Mysterious  disappearance  of 
Judge  Andrew  Monroe,  of  Louisville. 
May  28 — His  body  was  found  floating  in 
the  canal  opposite  the  Falls ;  the  belief 
was  that  he  was  accidentally  drowned. 

Jon.  29 — A  young  woman  is  found,  in- 
sensible, ai  the  foot  of  the  cliff  at  the  east 
entrance  of  the  railroad  tunnel,  at  Frank- 
fort ;  next  day,  when  consciousness  re- 
turned, she  reveals  the  fact  that  she  had 
been  outraged  by  a  negro  man,  and  thrown 
down  the  precipice,  75  feet,  to  hide  his 
crime  by  murder.  He  is  immediately  ar- 
rested and  thrown  into  jail ;  but  the  news 
spreading  like  wildfire  among  the  Irish 
citizens,  they  gather  rapidly  in  an  excited 
mob,  force  the  jail,  take  the  negro  and 
hang  him  at  the  top  of  the  cliff— before 
Gov.  Stevenson  and  Adj.  Gen.  Frank 
Wolford  can  gather  police  enough  to  put 
down  the  mob  and  let  the  law  take  its 
course. 

Jan.  29— The  house,  by  74  to  10,  passed 
a  bill  to  take  the  sense  of  the  qualified 
voters  of  the  state  upon  the  expediency  of 
imposing  an  additional  tax  of  15  cents  on 
the  $100  for  increasing  the  common  school 
fund.  It  was  defeated  in  the  senate,  by 
18  to  15,  by  postponing  further  consider- 
ation until  Jan.  6,  1869. 

Feb.  1 — Legislature  declares  it  inexpe- 
dient to  remove  the  seat  of  government 
from  the  city  of  Frankfort.  The  resolu- 
tion passed  the  senate  by  17  to  12,  and  the 
house  by  60  to  31.  And  yet,  March  9, 
they  passed  and  the  governor  approved  a 
resolution  inviting  the  cities  of  Bowling- 
green,  Lebanon,  Danville,  Lexington,  Lou- 
isville, and  any  others,  to  make  propo- 
sitions, by  Jan.  8,  1869,  looking  to  the 
removal  of  the  state  capital  to  such  place. 

Feb.  3— Gov.  Stevenson  vetoes  "An  act 
to  incorporate  the  Kentucky  Silver  Mining 
Company,"  in  a  very  able  message  and  for 
numerous  strong  reasons  ;  and  the  veto  is 
unanimously  concurred  in. 

Feb.  5— Legislature  orders  the  remains 
of  Beverly  L.  Clarke,  who  died  while  U.  S. 
minister  to  Central  America,  to  be  removed 
from  the  city  of  Guatemala  to  the  state 
cemetery  at  Frankfort,  and  a  monument 
erected 13— Appropriates  §40,000  to 


complete  the  new  buildings  at  the  Eastern 
Lunatic  Asylum,  $17,756  for  same  purpose 
at  the  Western  Lunatic  Asvlum,  and  $20,- 

000  at  the  Asylum  for  the  Blind 26— 

Authorizes  the  governor  to  borrow,  from 
the  commissioners  of  the  sinking  fund, 
$500,000,  if  necessary,  in  aid  of  the  ordi- 
nary revenue  of  the  state,  to  meet  the  ap- 
propriations of  the  present  general  assem- 
bly  28— Makes   it  lawful  to   import 

Texas  cattle  at  any  time  between  Nov.  1 
and  April  1  in  each  year,  but  any  party 
importing  same  to  be  liable  to  prosecution 
if  thereby  fatal  diseases  are  spread  among 

our    native    cattle 29  — Telegraph 

lines  to  be  taxed  50  cents  for  each  mile  of 

Feb.  6— Mr.  Barlow,  in  a  letter  of  thanks 
to  the  legislature  for  the  appropriation  of 
$1,500  to  enable  him  to  exhibit  .at  the  Ex- 
position or  World's  Fair  in  Paris,  France, 
in  1867,  the  Planetarium  invented  and 
constructed  by  his  father,  the  late  Thos. 
H.  Barlow,  and  himself,  says  that  "as 
Kentucky's  contribution  it  was  exhibited 
in  the  American  section  of  the  Exposition, 
and  proved  greatly  superior  to  any  other 
instrument  of  the  kind.  It  attracted 
much  attention,  and  was  duly  .ippreciated 
by  many  men  of  science;  also,  by  millions 
of  intelligent  visitors.  P.  Dumoulin  Fro- 
mert,  who  is  extensively  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing philosophical  apparatus  in  Paris, 
is  manufacturing  them  of  various  sizes  for 
the  supply  of  numerous  European  de- 
mands. Thus  Kentucky  has  furnished 
the  civilized  world  the  best  school  appa- 
ratus for  the  illustration  of  the  planetary 

Feb.  10 — Resignation  of  U.  S.  senator 
Jas.  Guthrie,  because  of  severe  illness  pre- 
venting him  from  attendance  "for  many 
months."  Feb.  18  — Thos.  C.  McCreery, 
(Dem.  Elected  to  fill  the  v.ieancy,  receiv- 
ing 110  votes,  Sidney  M.  B.arnes,  (Union,) 
9. "and  Aaron  Harding  (3d  party)  5  votes. 
[In  the  Democratic  caucus,  the  evening 
before,  the  9th  ballot  stood  :  McCreery  46, 
Jesse  D.  Bright  30,  Kich.ard  H.  Stanton 
24,  Lucius  Desha  5.  Subsequently  the 
last  three  were  withdr.awn.] 

Feb.  12— The  house  had  under  consid- 
eration the  bill  to  appropriate  $200,000  for 
*'  enlarging  the  present  state  capitol,  so  as 
to  provide  suitable  chambers  and  commit- 
tee rooms  for  the  senate  and  house  of  rep- 
resentatives, and  also  suitable  apartments 
and  fire-proof  rooms  for  the  princijial  pub- 
lic officers  of  the  state  required  by  law  to 
reside  at  the  seat  of  government."  [The 
city  council  of  Frankfort,  on  Jan.  16,  had 
tendered  to  the  state  "  a  sum  sufficient  to 
purchase  the  two  half  squares,  one  on  the 
east  and  one  on  the  west  of  the  capitol 
grounds,  to  be  incorporated  into  the  cap- 
itol square,"  on  condition  sufficient  money 
is  appropriated  to  enlarge  the  capitol  as 
contemplated.]  The  bill  was  lost,  yeas 
46  [51  being  necessary  to  pass  it],  nays  42. 
Thos.  L.  Jefferson's  motion   to  issue  $!,- 


ISCS. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


187 


majority  of  voters  in  the  state  as  required 
by  Art.  2,  Sec.  36,  of  the  Constitution, 
w.n«  lost — yeas  39,  nays  51. 

Feb.  13— A  committee  of  three  senators 
and  five  representatives  appointed  to  in- 
quire into  the  expediency  of  granting 
stnte  aid  towards  constructing  railroads 
in  Ky. 

Feb.  20— Grand  banquet  at  the  Capital 
Hotel,  Frankfort,  in  honor  of  Thos.  C. 
MeCreery's  election  to  the  U.  S.  senate. 

Feb.  22 — U.  S.  house  of  representatives, 
by  yeas  126,  nays  47,  not  voting  17,  re- 
solves "  that  Andrew  Johnson,  president 
of  tlie  United  States,  be  impeached  for 
high  crimes  and  misdemeanors."  [The 
Ky.  delegation  (all  of  whom,  except  John 
Young  Brown  and  John  D.  Young,  were 
by  this  time  admitted  to  their  seats,) 
voted  nay.] 

Feb.  22 — Democratic  state  convention  at 
Fronkfort,  Jesse  D.  Bright  permanent 
president.  Acting-governor  Jno.  W.  Ste- 
venson unanimously  nominated  for  gov- 
ernor. Geo.  H.  Pendleton,  of  Ohio,  rec- 
ommended as  the  Democratic  nominee  for 


the 


aenoy. 


Feb.  25 — Lead  ore  taken  from  several 
places  in  Bourbon  CO.,  the  finest  vein  on 
Payne's  farm,  3  miles  west  of  Millers- 
burg — a  vertical  vein,  commencing  at  the 
top  of  a  cliff  60  feet  high,  on  the  bank  of 
Hinkston  creek,  very  small  at  the  top 
{about  1  inch)  but  enlarging  to  9  inches  in 
the  depth  of  a  few  yards.  At  Ruddell's 
Mills  it  has  been  found;  and  was  mined 
on  Esq.  Nunn's  place,  to  some  extent, 
years  ago. 

Feb.  26— The  senate,  by  26  to  2,  adopted 
the  report  of  the  committee  on  finance- 
that  in  directing  the  purchase  of  235  ad- 
ditional copies  of  Adj.  Gen.  Daniel  W. 
Lindsey's  Report  for  1861-66,  or  "  History 
of  Kentucky  Soldiers  during  the  War," 
per  act  of  March  7,  1867,  it  was  the  sense 
and  understanding  of  the  senate  that  the 
price  was  to  be  $20  per  copy,  and  not  $94:- 
19,  as  charged. 

Feb.  27  —  Union  st.ite  convention  at 
Frankfort;  R.  Tarvin  Baker,  of  Campbell 
CO.,  nominated  for  governor,  and  Ed,  R. 
Weir,  of  Daviess  co.,  and  Wm.  Henry 
AV^adsworth,  of  Maysville,  as  presidential 
electors.  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant  for  president, 
and  Jas.  Speed  of  Louisville  for  vice  presi- 
dent, were  declared  to  be  the  choice  of  the 

Feb.  28— Death,  at  Mexico,  Missouri, 
aged  83,of  Elder  ("Raccoon")  John  Smith, 
of  Bath  CO.,  Ky.,  a  preacher  of  the  Gospel 
for  20  years,  from  1808  to  1828,  in  the 
Baptist  church,  and  for  40  years,  from 
1828  to  1868,  in  the  Reformed  or  Christian 

Feb.  29— At  Paris,  Bourbon  co.,  the  wife 
of  Maj.  Geo.  W.  Williams  celebrated  her 
17th  birthd.ay,  although  68  years  old.  The 
gathering  of  husband,  children,  grand- 
children, and  friends,  made  it  as  remark- 


olden 


tha 


vhich    such 


March  1 — In  Bourbon  co.,  Wm.  T.  Pur- 
nell  sold,  at  10  cents  per  pound,  or  for 
$302:50,  a  bullock  weighing  3,025  pound.'. 
John  McCiintock,  the  purchaser,  expects 
to  fatten  him  to  about  3,500  pounds. 

March  2— Legislature  divides  the  state 
into  two  divisions,  eastern  and  western, 
according  to  the  capacity  of  the  two  lunatic 
asylums.  The  counties  of  Jefferson,  Bul- 
litt, Nelson,  Marion,  Taylor,  Adair,  and 
Cumberland,  and  all  the  counties  east  of 
them  shall  belong  to  and  be  the  Eastern 
division  ;  and  the  counties  of  Meade,  Har- 
din, Green,  Larue,  Metcalfe,  and  Monroe, 
and  the  counties  west  of  them,  the  Western 
division.  The  Eastern  asylum,  at  Lex- 
ington, will  accommodate  525  patients, 
and  the  Western,  at  Hopkinsville,  325 
patients. 

March  3 — Legislature  appropriates  $4,- 
000  to  remove  obstructions  and  improve 
Cumberland  river  between  the  mouths  of 
South  Fork  and  Rockcastle  rivers  [in  Pu- 
laski CO.,  about  31  miles  long],  and  $2,000 
to  remove  obstructions  out  of  the  Middle 
Fork  of  Ky.  river,  in  Breathitt  and  Perry 
counties,  as  far  up  as  the  mouth  of  Cut- 
shin 3  —  Dogs    may  be  listed   with 

county  clerk  and  pay  tax  of  $2,  and  thus 
"be  deemed  personal  property  and  pro- 
tected as  such." 5— Fine,   from  $50 

to  $100,  for  making  or  selling  adulterated 

candies 6 — Pay  of  petit  jurors  raised 

to  $2  per  day The  state  divided  into 

16   circuit   court  judicial   districts 

Salary  of  the  governor  raised  to  $5,000 
per  year,  of  circuit  judges  to  $2,300,  and 
of  superintendent  of  public  instruction  to 

$1,700 $22,000  appropriated  to  erect 

108  additional  cells  in   the    penitentiary. 

7— County  courts  authorized  to  create 

additional  justices' districts 9 — Char- 
ter of  Ky.  Insurance  Company  repealed, 

and   receiver  ordered County  courts 

empowered  to  subscribe  stock  in  turnpike 

companies,   $750  per  mile Railroad 

companies  required  to  keep  ticket  office 
at  each  depot  open  for  30  minutes  before 

train  time,  under  penalty  of  $100  fine 

Fees  of  county  assessors  increased   to  15 

cents  for  each  list  of  taxable  property 

Monuments  ordered  over  the  graves  of 
Gov.  Lazarus  AV.  Powell  and  Gen.  Henry 
Crist,  the  latter's  remains  to  be  removed 
to  state  cemetery,  and  the  monument  over 
Daniel  Boone  [which  had  been  defaced  by 
Federal  soldiers  during  the  war]  to  be  re- 
paired  Elections  for  members  of  con- 
gress to  take  place  on  Tuesday  after  1st 
Monday  in  Nov.,  1868,  .and  every  second 
year  thereafter Two  copies  of  Col- 
ton's  Works  of  Henry  Clay  to  be  pur- 
chased for  state  library Gold  medal 

to  be  presented  to  Samuel  Hatfield,  of 
Floyd  CO.,  another  survivor  of  those  Ken- 
tuckians  who  assisted  in  achieving  Perry's 

victory  on  Lake  Erie,  Sept.  10,  1813 

Resolutions  in  favor  of  general  amnesty, 
and  the  unconditional  restoration  of  the 
Southern  states  to  their  former  place  in 
the  Union. 

March  3— The  seriate,  by  21  to  S,  passed 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


the    following   preamble  and   resolution 
(which    the    house   did  not  act  upon,   for 
want  of  time,  at  this  late  day  in  the  ses- 
sion): 

Whereas,  The  Hon.  Joshua  F.  Bullitt, 
during  the  progress  of  the  late  civil  war, 
was  compelled  by  military  despotism  to 
leave  the  state,  in  order  to  save  himself 
from  illegal  arrest  and  imprisonment ;  and 
being  at  the  time  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
court  of  appeals,  and  chief  justice  of  the 
stale  of  Ky.,  and  the  civil  authority  at 
the  time  being  wholly  under  the  domina- 
tion of  the  military,  and  unable  to  protect 
any  citizen  in  his  rights  of  person  or  prop- 
erty ;  and  wherens,  the  governor  of  the 
state  of  Ky.,  upon  the  address  of  the  gen- 
eral assembly — during  said  military  domi- 
nation, .and  at  a  time  when  the  said  Bullitt 
was  absent  by  compulsion  from  the  state, 
and  dai-ed  not  return  to  it — removed  the 
said  Bullitt  from  said  office,  contrary  to 
law  and  in  violation  of  all  rules  and  course 
of  proceedings  in  such  cases  ;  therefore, 

1.  Resolved  by  the  General  Ataemhli/  of 
the  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky,  That  the 
proceedings  of  said  General  Assembly 
against  the  said  Bullitt  were  unjust,  ille- 
gal, and  unconstitutional,  and  the  remov- 
ing the  said  Bullitt  by  said  address  was  a 
palpable  violation  of  the  constitutional 
rights  of  said  Bullitt,  and  an  insult  to  the 
honor,  justice,  and  dignity  of  the  state. 

2.  Resolved,  That  the  proceedings  and 
address  in  said  case  are  hereby  rescinded, 
and  declared  null  and  void. 

[Several  substitutes  were  voted  down  ; 
the  votes  thereon  showing  that  every  sen- 
ator disapproved  the  action  of  tlie  legisla- 
ture of  1865  in  **  addressing"  Judge  Bul- 
litt out  of  office,  while  they  differed  as  to 
the  terms  of  condemnation  to  be  used.  A 
preamble  and  resolution,  much  more  full 
and  specific,  were  offered  in  the  house,  by 
John  M.  Rice,  but  nut  acted  upon.] 

March  4 — Garrard  county,  through  the 
members  of  the  legislature,  presents  to 
each  of  her  sister  counties  in  the  state,  a 
package  of  Ambalema  tobacco  seed,  grown 
in  the  valley  of  the  Andes,  in  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  and  which  it  is  be- 
lieved will  prove  equal  to  the  Cuba  tobacco, 
with  the  advantage  that  it  does  not  dete- 
riorate in  quality  so  soon  by  culture  in  a 
strange  soil. 

March  5— The  seat  of  Joshua  B.  Fitch 
in  the  house  was  declared  vacant  (yeas  67, 
nays  0)  because  of  a  constitutional  disa- 
bility— which  requires  all  collectors  of  pub- 
lic moneys  to  obtain  a  quietus  at  least  6 
months  before  his  election  to  the  legisla- 
ture.    [He  had  recently  been  sheriff.] 

March  6 — Gov.  Stevenson  concludes  not 
to  call  a  new  election  in  John  Young 
Brown's  district,  but  to  regard  the  action 
of  the  house  of  representatives  of  congress, 
in  refusing  to  permit  Mr.  Brown  to  take 
his  seat,  as  uneonstituticmal  and  illegal, 


Mnroh   6-A    committee    of 

two    in   the 

nnte  (Benj.  J.  Webb  and  Jo 

s.  M.  Ale.t- 

der)    and  three  in  the   huu 

e  (Jas.  A 

McKenzie,  Sam.  I.  M.  Major,  and  Richard 
M.  Spalding),  appointed  to  prepare  bio- 
graphical sketches  of  ex-Governurs  Laz- 
arus W.  Powell  and  John  L.  Helm  ;  and 
the  public  printer  ordered  to  print  3,800 
copies  of  each,  together  with  the  speeches 
delivered  on  the  passage  of  the  resolutions 
in  the  senate  and  the  house,  in  pamphlet 
form,  accompanied  with  lithographic  por- 
traits of  the  deceased,  and  mail  the  same 
(postage  paid)  to  the  members  of  the  two 

March  6— Legislature  directs  SI, 200  to 
be  refunded  to  C.  A.  Duncan,  late  sheriff 
of  Callow.iy  cu.,  being  ta.tcs  collected  by 
him  in  1861,  which  he  was  forced,  Jan. 
12,  1862,  by  Confederate  soldiers,  to  pay 
over  to  a  commissioner  of  the  Provisional 
Government  of  Ky.,  but  which  he  after- 
wards also  paid  into  the  state  treasury. 
The  bill  passed  the  house  by  67  to  1,  and 
the  senate  by  25  to  4.  By  a  similar  vote, 
$500  was  refunded  to  the  tidministalor  of 
J.  T.  Young,  late  sheriff  of  Lyon  co.,  for 
taxes  Young  had  collected,  and  although 
forced  to  pay  to  a  collector  for  the  Con- 
federate  States,  had   also  paid    into    the 

March  7 — Legislature  passed  an  act  re- 
funding to  T.  W.  Pickering,  of  Caldwell 
CO.,  $350,  or  whatever  sum  was  paid  into 
the  treasury  by  him — because  of  an  indict- 
ment for  usurpation  of  office  in  accepting 
the  office  of  sheriff  of  said  county,  in  Jan., 
1862,  under  the  Provisional  Government 
of  Kentucky,  and  judgment  for  $500  fine. 
The  house  passed  the  bill,  73  to  7,  and  the 
ienate  27  to  0. 

March  9 — Legislature  orders  !in  earnest 
•'protest  against  the  great  constitutional 
wrong  and  manifest  injustice  done  to  the 
people  of  Ky.  in  refusing  to  admit  their 
just  representation  on  the  floor  of  the  U.  S. 
house  of  representatives." 

March  —Death,  at  Toronto,  Canada, 
of  Maj.  Chas.  J.  Helm,  of  Newport,  Camp- 
bell CO.  — formerly  U.  S.  consul  to  St. 
Thomas,  and  afterwards  to  Havana,  under 
President  Buchanan,  and  subsequently 
Confederate  States'  agent  at  Havana. 
Since  the  war,  be  has  remained  in  exile 
from  his  home. 

March  10 — Lead  mines  discovered  in 
Bath  CO.,  near  Sharpsburg. 

March  11— Death,  in  Clay  CO.,  aged  110, 
of  Elder  John  Gilbert,  a  scout  and  soldier 
during  the  closing  years  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  and  a  Baptist  minfster  for 
over  60  years. 

March  11  —  Immense  droves  of  Texas 
cattle  shipped  from  the  South  to  Ky.,  by 
steamboat  to  Louisville, .and  thence  to  the 
interior.  After  brief  feeding  and  pastur- 
age, they  sell  at  a  handsome  advance. 

March  12 — Population  of  Lexington,  by 
a  census  just  taken,  20,941 ;  whites  1 0,196, 
blacks  10,745.  In  1860,  there  were  6,241 
whites  and  3,280  blacks.  There  are  440 
more  white  females  than  white  males,  and 
247  black  females  than  black  males. 

March  IS  — Explosion,  9  miles  above 
Qcinnati,  of  the  Cincinnati  and  Mays- 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


ville  packet-steamer  Magnolia;  about  35 
persons  killed  by  the  explosion,  dion 
in  the  river,  or  burned  to  death  on 
wreck,  which  caught  fire,  was  blown  up 
again  by  powder,  and  sunk  two  miles  be- 
low;  a  number  of  passengers  crijipled  for 
life;  among  the  lost  were  Capt.  James 
Prather,  Rev.  F.  W.  Stone,  Thos.  K.  Mc- 
Ilvain,  Miss  Retta  French,  and  many  other 
valuable  citizens;  boat  valued  at  $30,000, 
besides  freight. 

March  20— Banking  house  of  N.  Long 
&  Co.,  at  RusscUville,  Logan  CO.,  robbed 
in  daylight  of  $12,000;  four  robbers  keep- 
ing the  citizens  at  bay,  while  the  fifth  se- 
cured the  booty;  they  made  good  their 
escape. 

March  29— Death,  in  Noble  co.,  Ohio, 
aged  106,  of  John  Gray,  reputed  to  be  the 
Last  surviving  soldier  of  the  American 
Revolution  ;  born  at  Fairfax  Court-house, 
Va.,  Jan.  6,  1762,  entered  the  army  at  16 
and  served  to  the  close  of  the  war,  became 
a  citizen  of  Ohio  before  it  was  a  state,  and 
remained  there  until  his  death. 

April  1— During  the  month  of  March, 
1868,  there  were  distilled  in  Bourbon  and 
Nichobas  counties  115,825  gallons  of  whis- 
ky, in  Fayette  and  Clark  32,578,  in  Frank- 
lin 17,477,  and  in  Scott,  Woodford,  Boyle, 
Lincoln,  and  Jessamine  80,565  gallons. 

April  6— Death,  at  Greenville,  Muhlen- 
burg  CO.,  of  Edward  Rumsey,  a  prominent 
lawyer,  and  representative  in  congress  from 


1837  to  1839. 

April  9— Extraordinary  fall  of  snow ;  6 
inches  deep  at  Maysville ;  at  Paris,  ice 
half  an  inch  thick.  April  8,  1808,  snow 
fell  at  Louisville  6  inches  deep.  April  10 
1823,  snow  fell  so  thick  and  fast  around 
Paris  as  to  hide  the  corn  .as  people  dropped 
it  in  pbanting.  April  8,  1837,  it  snowed, 
hailed,  and  rained  at  Paris.  April  14, 
1832,  snow  fell  in  Ky.  12  inches  deep. 
April  19,  1855,  at  Harrodsburg,  and  S"o.m 
April  17,  1861,  at  TaylorsviUe,  Spencer 
CO.,  snow  fell  4  inches  deep. 

April  15— Fourth  high  rise,  this  season, 
in  the  Kentucky  river.  On  the  first  rise, 
in  January,  80,  and  on  the  second,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 30  boat-loads  of  coal  were  brought 
down,  and  .about  as  many  are  expected  on 
this  rise.  The  Red  River  Iron  C 
have  sent  down  19  boat-loads  of  thi 
brated  iron,  making  1,500  tons.  Slack- 
water  navigation  would  add  immensely  to 
such  business,  and  make  it  permanent  and 

April  17— Re-interment,  with  impres- 
sive ceremonies,  at  the  cemetery  in  Lex- 
ington, (removed  hither  from  Hollywood 
cemetery,  Richmond,  Va.,)  of  the  remains 
of  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan.  A  large  con- 
course of  people  from  all  parts  of  the 
state  present,  including  several  hundred 
who  had  followed  in  battle  the  varyine 
fortunes  of  the  dead  hero. 

April  25— Alex.  H.  Brand,  of  Lexing- 
ton, sells  his  trotting  stallion,  Brignoli,  to 


jpany 


a  New  Yorker,  for  $10,000. 

April  29— Among  the  incom- 
now  reported  for  U.  S.  taxatio 


CO.,  only  two  exceed  $1,600,  viz.  $2,040 
and  $2,0(6  ;  in  Fleming  co.  only  three  ex- 
ceed $1,000,  viz.:  $1,817,  $2,430,  and 
{^2,771 ;  in  Montgomery  co.  only  four  ex- 
ceed $1,800,  viz.:  $2,022,  $2,502,  $3,533, 
and  $14,000  (John  W.Clay);  in  Bourbon 
CO.,  16  exceed  $2,000  but  are  less  than 
$5,000,  4  are  between  $5,000  and  $10,000, 
and  4  are  higher,  viz.:  Jeremiah  Duncan 
$11,881,  Samuel  Cbay  $22,696,  Wm.  Tarr 
$24,425,  and  Geo.  G.  White  $25,244.  In 
Louisville,  8  report  incomes  over  $20,000, 
viz.:  Dr.  John  Bull  $105,625,  Beni.  F. 
Avery  $62,324,  Ebenezer  Bustard  $46,744, 
Thos.  T.  Shreve  $36,121,  Richard  Buree 
$30,859,  Michael  Kean  $28,616, Wm.B.Bel- 
knap  $26,127,  Samuel  S.  Nicholas  $20,162. 
May  6  — Death,  at  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
of  Commodore  Daniel  B.  Ridgley,  U.  S. 
navy— a  native  of  Ky.,  but  a  resident  of 
Baltimore  ;  he  entered  the  service  in  1828, 
and  was  made  commodore  in  1866. 

May  5— In  1793,  Elder  Ambrose  Dudley 
emigrated  from  Virginia  to  Kentucky,  and 
settled  in  Fayette  co.,  near  Bryan's  Sta- 
tion, becoming  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
there.  He  died  at  the  age  of  73,  and  his 
wife  at  72— leaving  14  children,  11  sons 
and  3  daughters,  all  living  and  m.arried. 
The  following  are  still  living  :  Gen.  James 
Dudley,  aged  91  years  ;  Mrs.  Polly  Graves, 
85;  Dr.  Benj.  W.  Dudley,  83;  Gen.  Peter 
Dudley,  81;  Col.  Ambrose  Dudley,  79- 
and  Elder  Thomas  P.  Dudley,  76  years. 
Their  united  ages,  495  years. 

May  9— The  bail  bond  (for  his  appear- 
ce  to  be  tried  for  treason)  of  ex-Confed- 
ite-States-president  Jefferson  Davis  re- 
newed, at  Richmond,  Va.  The  sureties 
are  Horace  Greeley,  Cornelius  Vanderbilt, 
and  Gerrit  Smith,  of  New  York,  each  for 
$25,000,  and  citizens  of  Richmond  for 
$25,000  more. 

May  9— City  of  Louisville  votes  to  sub- 
scribe $1,000,000  to  aid  in  the  construc- 
tion  of  the  Elizabethtown  and   Paducah 

May  12— Nicholas  co.,  by  a  majority  of 
05«  —  "  '"'-'  --•'-  of  less  than  1,400,  sub- 


■ibes  three  per  c 


.  (one  per 


until  paid)  of  the  valuation  of  her  taxable 
property  to  the  capital  stock  of  the  railroad 
from  Maysville  to  P.aris. 

May  14— Death,  at  Paris,  Bourbon  co., 
aged  76,  of  Noah  Spears,  a  native  of  that 
county.  He  developed  so  early  in  manly 
appearance,  that  at  the  age  of  thirteen  he 
voted,  being  supposed  to  be  a  man  ;  when 
a  young  ni.an  he  traded  produce  to  New 
Orleans,  in  flatboats,  an;!  toalked  hack. 

May  18— Fenian  state  society  in  session 
at  Louisville;  large  attendance  and  much 
enthusiasm. 

May  20— Republican  national  conven- 
tion,   at    Chicago,   nominates    Ulysses    S. 


unously— giv 
Schuyler  Colfax, 
ballot,  for  vice  v 
522,  Reuben  E. 
1867,142,  and  Henry  A 
Bath  I  1st  ballot  votes  fo 


650 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


May  20— In  a  sermon  on  the  Pi 
preached  in  the  Jewish  synagogue  at 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  Mr.  J.  J.  Peres  stated  as 
a  remarkable  proof  of  the  truth  of  the 
Bible  prophecies  about  the  Israelites,  that 
"  their  number  in  the  world,  this  day,  is,  in 
round  figures,  the  anme  as  it  loaa  2,000  years 
ago;"  so  visibly  were  they  under  the  in- 
fluence of  the  consequence  of  dispersion, 
and  of  the  Divine  predictions  :  "  The  land 
of  your  enemies  shall  not  consume  you,'* 
and  "Although  in  the  land  of  your  ene- 
mies, I  will  not  destroy  you."  They  are 
not  destroyed,  nor  do  they  increase.  [The 
number  of  Jews  in  Ky.  is  probably  less 
than  3,000,  in  the  whole  United  States 
about  200,000,  in  the  world  between  5,000,- 
000  and  6,000,000,  scattered  in  every  clime 
and  nation.] 

May  20— The  number  of  Federal  soldiers 
buried  in  cemeteries  in  Ky.  is  14,060,  as 
follows :     At 

.3,871    Covington 


Louisville 

Camp  Nelson 

Perryville 

Bowlinagrceii 


,«0  Danville 

,090  Richmond,. 

822  London 

701  Frankfort.. 


ms 


Logan's  'A  Roads 

May  26— U.S. senate,  sitting  as  a  court  of 
impeachment,  by  a  vote  of  35  to  19,  acquits 
President  Johnson  of  the  charge  of  high 
crimes  and  misdemeanors  as  contained  in 
the  2d  and  3d  charges,  and  then  adjourns 
•without  day.  The  vote  had  already  been 
taken,  May  16,  on  the  11th  article;  35, 
all  Republicans,  voted  Guilty,  and  12 
Democrats  (including  Garret  Davis  and 
Thos.  C.  McCreery,  of  Ky.)  and  7  Repub- 
licans (Wm.  Pitt  Fessenden  of  Maine,  J. 
S.  Fowler  of  Tenn.,  Jas.  W.  Grimes  of 
Iowa,  John  B.  Henderson  of  Missouri, 
Edmund  C.  Ross  of  Kansas,  Lyman  Trum- 
bull of  Illinois,  and  Peter  G.  Van  Winkle 
of  West  Virginia)  voted  Not  Guilty— thus 
acquitting  the  President  on  that  article. 
[Two-thirds  were  required  to  impeach.] 

May  26— The  Radicals  at  Washington 
city,  in  their  disappointment  at  failing  to 
successfully  impeach  President  Johnson, 
charge  that  by  corrupt  means  some  of  the 
seven  Republican  senators  were  secured  to 
vote  for  his  acquittal.  Among  other  spite- 
ful investigations,  they  arrest  Chas.  Wick- 
liffe  Woolley,  of  Cincinnati,  formerly  of 
Lexington,  Ky.,  who — refusing  to  explain 
what  he  did  with  a  certain  $20,000  repre- 
sented by  his  captured  check,  further  than 
that  none  of  it  had  been  used  in  coymectioyi 
with  the  impeachment  question — excited  the 
ire  and  vengeance  of  the  virtuous  Ben. 
Butler.  Woolley  subsequently  testified, 
and  was  released  ;  and  it  appeared  that 
that  money  was  designed  to  aid  in  contin- 
uing the  tax  on  whisky  at  $2  per  gallon. 

May  30— Lee  C.  Smith,  through  Capt. 
Frank  Bedford,  of  Bourbon  co.,  presents 
to  the  representative  in  congress  from  that 
district,  James  B,  Beck,  in  compliment  to 
his  distinguished  services,  a  bottle  of 
Bourbon  whisky  thirty-one  years  old  I 

June  1 — Gen.  Simon  B.  Buckner  takes 
editorial  charge  of  the  Louisville  Daili/ 
Courier. 


June  5 — Population  of  Georgetown, Scott 
CO.,  by  a  census  just  taken,  1,687. 

June  6— Death,  in  Louisville,  aged  60, 
of  Alex.  C.  Bullitt,  a  distinguished  jour- 
nalist. From  about  1S3-1  to  1844,  he  was 
editor  of  the  New  Orleans  Bee,  from  1844 
to  1849  of  the  New  Orleans  Picayune,  and 
in  1849-50  of  the  Bepublic  at  AVashington 
city  ;  after  which  he  spent  four  years  in 
European  travel. 

June  17— The  Maysville  Eagle,  by  re- 
quest, publishes  a  letter  or  statement  of  B. 
D.  Nixon,  dated  April  11,  1S68,  which 
says: 

"  When  the  war  broke  out  I  was  living 
near  Owingsville,  in  Bath  co.  I  entered 
into  the  Confederate  service  in  1862,  and 
served  for  a  time  on  the  body  guard  of 
Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall.  I  afterwards 
joined  Thos.  Johnson's  battalion.  I  was 
regularly  enlisted;  never  belonged  to  any 
band  of  guerrillas  or  partisans  ;  and  in 
what  I  did  in  furtherance  of  the  Confed- 
erate cause,  acted  under  the  orders  of  my 
superiors. 

*'  Late  in  the  spring  or  early  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1864,  I  entered  the  state  of  Ken- 
tucky with  John  Morgan's  command — 
when  he  made  his  last  raid  into  this  state. 
I  was  at  the  battle  of  Cynthiana,  and  was 
there  cut  off  and  separated  from  my  com- 
mand. The  vigilance  of  the  Federal  sol- 
diers prevented  me  from  immediately  re- 
joining my  command,  or  leaving  the  state  ; 
and  I  spent  several  weeks  in  Scott  anti 
Owen  counties  while  watching  an  oppor- 
tunity of  leaving  the  state.  During  this 
time  I  participated  in  no  acts  of  hostility 
against  the  government,  nor  did  I  molest 
any  private  citizen,  nor  did  I  have  any 
connection  with  any  predatory  bands.  In 
July,  an  opportunity  was  afforded  me  for 
leaving  the  state ;  and,  in  going  out,  I 
stopped  to  see  my  family,  whom  I  had  not 
seen  for  eleven  months. 

"  I  had  been  only  two  days  at  home, 
when  I  was  captured  by  Lieut.  Denton, 
taken  to  Mountsterling,  and  made  to  work 
on  the  fortifications  for  two  weeks.  I  was 
then  sent  to  Lexington,  and  placed  in  mil- 
itary prison  No.  3.  Afterwards,  I  was 
taken  to  prison  No.  2.  I  had  been  in  Lex- 
ington several  days,  when  a  soldier  of  a 
Michigan  regiment  entered  the  prison, 
measured  my  height,  weighed  me,  and 
took  down  a  general  description  of  my 
appearance.  On  the  same  evening,  an  old 
gentleman  from  Franklin  co.  was  placed 
in  prison,  who  informed  me  that  he  had 
been  before  the  provost  marshal,  and  heard 
the  names  of  myself  and  fifteen  others 
read,  as  under  sentence  of  death.  On  the 
same  evening  I  was  ironed.  The  next 
morning  I  was  taken  before  the  provost 
marshal.  Major  Vance.  He  cursed  me, 
and  abused  me  as  a  thief  and  a  robber, 
said  I  ought  to  be  hung,  and  that  he  would 
have  me  shot  in  36  hours.  It  was  evi- 
dently the  intention  that  I  should  be  exe- 
cuted. I  defended  my  character  ;  and,  see- 
ing Maj.  Downey  in  the  room,  I  discovered 
myself  to  him  as  a  Free  Mason  ;  he  im- 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


191 


meJiatcly  cinsped  me  by  the  hand,  and  in- 
terceded in  my  behalf.  Through  his  in- 
tervention my  life  was  saved. 

"  I  was  then  transferred  to  prison  No.  4, 
and  kept  handcuffed  for  five  weeks.  At 
this  prison  I  met  the  fifteen  men  who  were 
condemned.  These  men  were  kept  ironed, 
and  loere  taken  front  the  prison  in  zV^,.., 
They  never  returned  to  the  prison, 
guard  tolrl  me  they  had  been  shot.  I  have 
never  heard  of  any  of  them  since,  and  my 
belief  is  that  they  were  all  executed. 
None  of  these  men  were  guerrillas,  but  all 
belonged  to  the  regular  Confederate  army. 
Some  of  them  had  been  taken  through 
some  form  of  trial,  and  may  have  been 
sentenced  as  guerrillas  ;  but  none  of  them 
were   guerrillas.     I  remember  the  names 

of  some  of  them  :  Two  Lingenfelters, 

Berry,  and  Lieut.  Hamilton— all  of  whom 


On   the 

21st 

ballot.  Thos.   A.   Hen 

Jricks, 

oflnd. 

rece 

ves 

132  votes. 

For  vie 

3  pres- 

ident. 

ames  propo 

ed  are 

with- 

drawn. 

and 

Gen 

.  Frank  P. 

Blair, 

jr.,  of 

Missou 

i  (a 

nat 

ve  of  Ky.) 

is  nom 

mated 

kne 

"I  w.as  released  on  the  15th  of  October, 
and  sent  north  of  the  Ohio  river— where 
I  remained  until  I  had  obtained  permis- 
sion from  Gen.  Burbridge  to  return  to 
Kentucky." 

June  — McCracken  Co.,  by  1,065  in  favor 
of  and  629  against  it,  subscribes  $500,000 
to  the  Elizabethtown  and  Paducah  rail- 
road; the  county-seat,  Paducah,  givin.' 
889  votes  for,  and  only  33  against  it. 
Lyon  CO.,  by  62  majority,  votes  a  subscrip- 
tion to  the  same  road. 

June  22— U.  S.  house  of  representatives 
admits  Samuel  McKee  to  the  seat,  from 
the  Maysville  district,  to  which  John  D. 
Young  had  been  elected  by  a  majority  of 
1,479  votes  over  him. 

June  27— Maj.  Gen.  John  C.  Breckin- 
ridge reaches  Toronto,  Canada,  from  a 
long  sojourn  in  Europe,  and  a  recent  visit 
to  Asia.  Although  in  America,  he  is  still 
an  exile  from  Kentucky,  the  land  of  hii 
birth  and  his  home. 

June  30 — Samuel  Davis,  jr.,  confined  on 
a  charge  of  counterfeiting,  stealing,  i-e., 
taken  from  jail  at  Harrodsburg,  and 
hanged,  by  about  75  "regulators." 

July  1— Death,  in  Clark  Co.,  aged  115 
years,  of  M.alinda,  a  colored  woman,  for- 
merly the  property  of  Smallwood  Ecton. 

July  6— A  negro  enters  the  room  of  a 
young  lady  in  Columbia,  Adair  Co.,  in  the 
night,  and  attempts  to  commit  a  rape. 
Her  screams  bring  help,  the  negro  is  caught 
and  committed  to  jail ;  but,  before  morn- 
ing, is  taken  from  jail  by  a  mob,  and  hun" 
July  4,  6,  7,  8,  9  — Democratic  national 
convention,  at  New  York,  on  the  22d  bal- 
lot, and  on  the  5th  day  of  the  session, 
unanimously  nominates  Horatio  Seymour^ 
of  N.  Y.,  for  president,  giving  him  317 
votes.  1st  ballot:  Geo.  H.  Pendleton,  of 
Ohio  (including  the  vote  of  Ky.)  105,  An- 
drew Johnson  of  Tenn.  65,  Gen.  W  S 
Hancock  of  Pa.  33;,^,  Sanford  E.  Church 
of  N.  Y.  33,  Asa  Packer  of  Pa.  26,  Joel 
Parker  of  N.  J.  13,  Jas.  E.  English  of 
Conn.  16,  Jas.  R.  Doolittle  of  Wis.  13,  .and 
for  3  others  11}^.  Pendleton  has  156  on 
the  8th  ballot,  and  is  withdrawn  on  the 
18th,  when  Gen.  Hancock  receives  144><. 


July  9— Rev.  Lambert  Young,  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  priest  at  Frankfort,  fined  $50 
for  contempt  of  U.  S.  district  court  at  Lou- 
isville, in  refusing  to  testify  before  the 
grand  jury  in  regard  to  the  riot  at  Frank- 
fort in  which  a  negro  named  Jim  Macklii 


ched    for 


shing 


girl 


and  attempting  to  kill  her  by  thr 
down  the  cliff.  He  was" required  to  give 
$2,000  bonds  for  his  appearance  at  the 
Oct.  court  to  testify.  About  a  month  pre- 
vious, bail  was  proffered  but  refused,  and 
Father  Young  still  kept  in  jail ;  although 
.Tas.  Welsh,  David  Haly,  Edward  Cum- 
mins, and  Michael  Parker,  citizens  of 
Frankfort,  confined  in  the  same  jail  upon 
a  charge  of  participating  in  the  same  mob, 
were  then  released  upon  bail.  Indict- 
ments were  found  against  four  others,  and 
U.  S.  marshals  sent  out  to  arrest  them. 

July  10— Bourbon  Co.,  by  739  to  996— 
257  majority,  votes  against  a  subscription 
of  stock  to  the  railroad  from  Paris  to 
Maysville. 

July  10— Geo.  Rogers  taken  from  his 
house,  near  Bradfordsville,  Marion  co.,  by 
a  mob  and  hung. 

July  —Of  the  bonus  of  $500,000  re- 
quired to  insure  the  building  of  a  railroad 
from  Cincinnati  via  Lexington  and  Dan- 
ville to  Tennessee,  the  city  of  Lexington 
votes  to  give  $50,000,  Jessamine  co.  $25,- 
000,  east  end  of  Mercer  co.  $25,000,  east 
end  of  Boyle  co.  $150,000,  Lincoln  co. 
$50,000,  Pulaski  co.  $100,000,  and  Wayne 
CO.  $50,000.  Fayette  co.  alone  refuses  to 
vote  the  tax  of  $50,000. 

July  13  to  18— Intensely  hot  weather 
throughout  Ky.,  and  occasional  cases  of 
sun-stroke  and  consequent  death.  In  Cov- 
ington, 14  cases,  of  which  5  died  ;  fat  cat- 
tle died  in  the  pens,  and  draft  horses  at 
work,  from  the  heat.  Over  250  persons 
killed  by  heat  in  New  York  city,  9  in 
Philadelphia,  about  50  in  Cincinnati.  In 
Montreal,  Canada,  July  16th,  thermome- 
ter 106°  in  the  shade  ;  10  deaths  from  sun- 
stroke. 

July  21— Gold  in  New  York  $1  43. 

July  22— Death,  near  Owensboro,  aged 

70,  of  Mrs.  Letitia  Shelby  Todd,  wife  of 

Col.  Chas.  S.  Todd,  and  youngest  and  last 

ng  daughter  of  Isaac  Shelby,  first 

governor  of  Kentucky. 

July  26  — Court  house  at  Edmonton, 
Metcalfe  co,,  destroyed  by  fire,  with  all 
the  books  and  papers  except  the  circuit 
court  record. 

July  29— Death,  in  EuUittshurgh,  Boone 
CO.,  aged  47,  of  Wm.  G.  Willis,  supposed 
to  be  the  largest  man  in  Ky.:  he  weighed 
nearly  500  pounds. 

Aug.  l_At  Big  Bone  Springs,  Boono 
CO.,  in  digging  to  improve  the  facilities  for 
barreling  the  water  for  sale,  a  w.agon  load 
of  bones  of  the  mammoth  was  discovered 


192 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


within  a  space  of  15  feet — among  them  a 
tusk  10  inches  thick  and  12  feet  long,  a 
backhone  of  about  equal  dimensions,  and 
a  tooth  15  inches  long,  six  inches  thick, 
weighing  20  pounds. 

Aug.  1— Ex-Gov.  Charles  S.  Morehead 
visits  Frankfort  for  the  first  time  since 
the  late  war,  and  is  enthusiastically  wel- 
comed. In  his  speech,  he  said  he  had 
been  incarcerated  for  seven  weary  months, 
but  to  this  day  had  been  unable  to  learn 
why.  His  lamented  friend  John  J.  Crit- 
tenden had  called  upon  Wm.  H.  Seward, 
then  secretary  of  state,  to  inquire  the  cause 
of  his  imprisonment;  and  upon  learning 
that  nQ  charges  were  on  file  in  his  of&ap, 
"  denounced  Mr.  Seward  as  a  scoundrel  for 
imprisoning  an  innocent  citizen  in  defiance 
of  the  law  and  Constitution." 

Aug.  3— Turnpike  tax  defeated  in  Har- 
rison CO.,  by  730  to  816. 

Aug.  3  —  Vote  for  governor,  (to  fill  a 
vacancy,)  John  W.  Stevenson,  Democrat, 
115,5li0,  R.  Tarvin  Baker,  Republican, 
26,605— maj.  88,965.  Belville  J.  Peters 
was  re-elected  judge  of  the  court  of  ap- 
peals from  the  1st  district.  16  circuit. 
and  several  other,  judges  were  elected ; 
and  circuit  clerks  and  sheriffs  in  each 
county. 

Aug.  3 — A  negro  preacher,  Francis  Fred- 
erick, attacked  by  a  mob  of  negroes,  in 
Frankfort,  who  bruised,  heat,  choked,  and 
would  have  killed  him.  The  police  rescued 
him,  and  lodged  him  in  jail  for  protection. 

ary,  well  accredited,  on  his  way  to  preach 
in  Tennessee,  and  had  preached  very  ac- 
ceptably in  Frankfort  until  a  report,  with 
no  other  foundation  than  that  he  did  not 
preach  politics,  was  spread  that  he  was  a 

Aug.  4— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged  56, 
of  Very  Rev.  Bonj.  J.  Spalding,  Adminis- 
trator, since  April,  1867,  of  that  Catholic 
diocese  ;  he  had  been  Vicar  General  of  the 
diocese  for  many  years,  and  had  held  other 
responsible  and  distinguished  positions  in 
the  church.  His  death  was  caused  by  fire 
communicated  accidentally  to  his  musquito 
bar,  and  then  to  his  clothes,  while  he  was 
asleep. 

Aug.  6— Death,  in  Clarksville,  Pike  Co., 
Missouri,  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Crow,  eldest 
daughter  of  Benj.  Schooler;  she  was  born 
in  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  in  1788. 

Aug.  15— Death,  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  aged 
85,  of  Mrs.  Polly  Graves,  last  surviving 
daugtitcr  of  the  late  Elder  Ambrose  Dud- 
ley, of  Fayette  eo.  Her  husband,  Maj. 
Graves,  was  either  killed  or  taken  prisoner 
by  the  Indians  and  massacred  at  the  bat- 
tle of  the  River  Raisin  in  1814;  he  was 
never  seen  nor  heard  of  after  the  battle. 
Mrs.  G.  removed  to  St.  Louis  40  years  ago. 

Aug.  19 — Two  cousins,  AVm.  and  Jobn 
Gibson,  hung  by  a  mob,  near  the  Wash- 
ington CO.  line,  not  far  from  Cornishville, 
Mercer  oo. 

Aug.  29 — In  Lewis  co.,  4  negroes,  Jack 
Foster,  his  wife  Sallie,  his  son  Richard, 
and  his  mother  Lucy    Armstrong,  almost 


literally  chopped  to  pieces  with  an  axe  by 
John  Blyew,  and  Geo.  Kennard.  With- 
out awaiting  their  trial  by  the  Lewis  cir- 
cuit court,  they  are— under  the  (false)  pre- 
tense that  they  could  not  be  convicted 
there  because  the  only  witnesses  were  ne- 
groes— taken  from  the  Lewis  county  jail 
to  Louisville,  for  trial  in  the  Federal  court 
under  the  civil  rights  bill,  which  admits 
negro  testimony. 

Sept.  10— Population  of  Frankfort,  by  a 
census  just  taken,  4,478  — whites  2,584, 
blacks  1,894. 

Sept.  — Extraordinary  (coal)  rise  in  the 
Kentucky  river  and  its  sources  ;  in  Powell 
CO.,  Rod  river  is  higher  than  ever  known. 

Sept.  12— Gen.  John  M.  Palmer,  in  1865 
military  commandant  of  Ky.,  is  now  tho 
Radical  candidate  for  governor  of  Illinois. 
The  excitement  of  the  canvass  has  brought 
out  a  letter  from  one  of  his  subordinates 
during  his  reign  of  terror  in  Ky.,  which 
says  that  "  at  the  August  election,  in  1865, 
the  oflicers  under  Palmer  had  orders  to 
arrest  any  one  they  saw  fit,  who  they 
thought  would  vote  the  Democratic  ticket, 
and  7tot  to  inquire  into  the  charges  against 


sively  known  as  "  Live-for-ever  Jones." 
He  was  a  native  of  Henderson  co.,  and 
for  50  years  wandered  about,  preaching 
the  doctrine  that  by  prayer  and  fasting  a 
man  would  live  always.  He  made  fre- 
quent journeys  to  Washington  city,  being 
an  aspirant  for  every  high  office,  state  and 

Sept.  15 — Pure  Chinese  hemp  grown  in 
Bourbon  co.,  10  and  12,  and  some  stalks 
15K,  feet  high. 

Sept.  29— Death,  at  Honolulu,  Sandwich 
Islands,  aged  73,  of  Rev.  Lorin  Andrews, 
a  missionary  from  Ky.  [See  sketch,  under 
Mason  co.] 

Oct.  2— The  Owensboro  Monilor  records 
the  re-union,  at  a  dinner,  not  far  from 
Hartford,  Ohio  co.,  of  two  brothers  and  a 
sister— Jerry  Bozarth,  aged  81  years,  John 
Bozarth  83,  and  Mrs.  Sally  Shaw  85— 
their  united  ages  249  years.  Jerry  and 
John  have  lived  in  two  states,  John  has 
resided  in  six  counties,  and  Jerry  in  five 
counties ;  and  yet  neither  has  lived  or 
moved  out  of  the  county  in  which  he  was 
born.  They  lived  in  Kentucky  when  it 
was  a  portion  of  Virginia,  and  in  Jefferson, 
Nelson,  Hardin,  Ohio,  and  other  counties. 

Oct,  3— Death,  at  St.  Louis,  aged  62,  of 
Dr.  Joseph  Nash  McDowell,  the  most  emi- 
nent surgeon  in  the  West,  a  native  of  Lex- 
ington, Ky. 

Oct.  5 — The  Freedmen's  Bureau  in  Ky., 
it  is  stated,  employs  17  agents,  8  acting 
assistant  surgeons,  and  17  clerks,  at  a  cost 
of  $41,620  in  salaries  alone.  The  annual 
report  of  Gen.  Burbank,  commissioner  for 
Ky.,  gives  as  the  No.  of  schools  now  beinff 
taught  in  the  state  136,  white  teachers  21", 
colored  teachers  144,  scholars  6,022  ;  school 
dby  tho  Bureau  13,  cost  $21,- 
648 ;  school  houses  erected  by  the  freed- 


1809. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


men  and  their  friends  31,  cost  $12,685; 
No.  of  "  contracts  approved"  by  the  Bu- 
reau, within  a  year  past,  .')90  ;  average 
wages  per  month  to  males  $17:49,  to  fe- 
males $8:74,  including  "quarters  and  ra- 
tions" or  board  ;  No.  patients  treated  by 
the  surgeons  16,424 ;  total  amount  ex- 
pended  by  and  for  the  Bureau  $110,000. 

Oct.  5— Mercer  co.  votes  $400,000  to  the 
Louisville,  Harrodsburg,  and  Virginia 
railroad,  and  McLean  co.  $50,000  to  the 
Owensboro  and  Kussellville  railroad. 

Oct.  10— In  the  absence  of  Gov.  Steven- 
son from  the  state  — attending,  at  New 
York,  the  General  Convention  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church  as  a  delegate  from  the  dio- 
cese of  Ky. — the  duties  of  governor  de- 
volve upon  acting-Lieut.  Gov.  William 
Johnson. 

Oct.  29 — Kentucky  colored  annual  con- 
ference of  the  Methodist  E.  Church  South 
organized  at  Hopkinsville. 

Oct.  31— Geo.  Blyew  and  John  Kennard 
found  guilty,  in  the  U.  S.  district  court  at 
Louisville,  of  the  murder  of  4  negroes  in 
Lewis  CO. 

Nov.  3—115,889  votes  cast  for  Horatio 
Seymour  and  Frank  P.  Blair,  jr.,  (Demo- 
crats), for  U.  S.  president  and  vice  pres- 
ident, and  39,566  for  Ulysses  S.Grant  and 
Schuyler  Colfax,  (Republicans)— miij.  76,- 
323.  9  Democratic  congressmen  elected. 
In  the  8th  district,  Geo.  M.  Adams  (Dem.) 
10,323,  Sidney  M.  Barnes  (Rep.)  9,861; 
for  president,  Seymour  9,263,  Grant  10,- 
522. 

Nov.  8 — Consolidation  of  the  Louisville 
Courier  and  the  Louisville  Journot,  under 
the  name  of  the  Courier- Journal,  to  be  pub- 
lished by  the  Courier-Journal  Company, 
Walter  N.  Haldeman,  president,  who  has 
the  business  management,  and  Henry 
Watterson  the  editorial  management;  the 
veteran  Geo.  D.  Prentice  still  on  the  edi- 
torial staff. 

Nov.  9 — Death,  by  suicide,  in  Louis- 
ville, aged  44,  of  Gen.  Henry  E.  Read,  a 
politician  and  lawyer.  He  was  born  in 
Larue  co.;  distinguished  himself  in  the 
Mexican  war,  for  which  the  Ky.  legisla- 
ture presented  him  a  sword  and  passed 
complimentary  resolutions  ;  he  served  in 
the  Confederate  army,  was  in  several  se- 
vere battles,  was  a  member  of  the  Pro- 
visional Government  of  Ky.,  and  repre- 
sented his  district  in  the  Confederate  States 

Nov.  21— Shock  of  earthquake  at  Hick- 
man, Fulton  CO. 

Nov.  25  — Trains  on  the  Knoxville 
branch  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville 
railroad  commence  running  to  Mt.  Ver- 
non, Rockcastle  co. 

Nov.  30— Death,  in  Bourbon  co.,  aged 
105  years  8  months,  of  Jas.  Callahan. 

Dec.  1— Death,  in  Owen  co.,  aged  104, 
of  John  Roland;  he  was  born  in  1764,  on 
the  Yadkin  river,  in  Roane  co..  North 
Carolina ;  his  wife,  aged  80,  died  23-2  years 
ago  ;  their  11  children  are  alt  living,  the 
youngest  49,  the  oldest  70  years  old  ;  llic 
sum  of  the  ages  of  parents  and  children 

I.. .13 


is  844  years,  an  average  of  65  years  ;  85 
grandchildren  are  living. 

Dec.  4— Collision,  at  11  p.  «.,  one  mile 
above  Warsaw,  Gallatin  co.,  between  the 
magnificent  Louisville  and  Cincinnati  mail 
line  steamers,  United  States  and  America; 
both  boats  took  fire  from  the  bursting  of 
barrels  of  coal  oil  and  whisky,  and  burned 
to  the  water's  edge;  —  people  burned  to 
death  or  drowned ;  value  of  boats  and 
freight  destroyed  about  $350,000. 

Dec.  8— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged  108, 
of  "Aunt  Katie  Carr,"  a  colored  woman. 

Dec.  15— Daniel  Swigert,  of  Woodford 
CO.,  sells  to  Richard  West,  of  Scott  co.,  for 
$8,000,  his  trotting  stallion  Almont. 

Dec.  17— In  the  U.  S.  district  court, 
Judge  Bland  Ballard,  in  session  at  Cov- 
ington, the  suit  of  Robert  M.  Carlisle  vs. 
M.  Hightower,  for  damages  for  false  im- 
prisonment or  military  arrest,  about  the 
time  of  the  Aug.  election,  1864,  was  de- 
cided for  the  defendant.  Carlisle,  over  60 
years  old,  with  a  number  of  other  promi- 
nent citizens,  was  arrested  by  a  squad  of 
soldiers,  hurried  off  to  and  confined  in  a 
filthy  military  prison  at  Louisville,  and 
only  released,  after  several  weeks' confine- 
ment, upon  the  payment  of  $1,000.  The 
court  instructed  the  jury  that  Hightower 
was  not  bound,  because  he  acted  under 
orders  from  his  superior.  Gen.  Burbriiige, 
then  in  command  in  Ky. 

Dec.  20— Four  voung  girls,  three  aged 
13  and  the  other  16,  at  Crittenden,  Grant 
CO.,  finish  reciting  the  Holy  Bible,  having 
memorized  it  entirely  and  thoroughly 
since  Jan.  1,1868.  Their  names  are  Anna 
Reed,  Mary  Jeffrey,  Mattie  Brown,  and 
Lizzie  Stratton.  The  last  named,  who  is 
the  youngest,  had  only  been  engaged  at  it 
five  months,  since  Aug.  1st.  After  Dec.  6, 
she  rose  at  3  A.  M.,  or  earlier,  to  begin  her 
extraordinary  work  ;  and  accomplished  it 
so  faithfully  that,  four  years  after,  she 
repeated  accurately  almost  the  entire  New 
Testament,  without  having  read  it  over  to 
refresh  her  memory. 

Dec.  23— Death,  at  Greenville,  Missis- 
sippi, aged  64,  of  Chas.  S.  Morehead,  for 
merly  governor  of  Ky. 

Doc.  25 — Second  amnesty  proclamation 
of  President  Johnson  declares,  uncondi- 
tionally and  without  reservation,  a  full 
pardon  and  amnesty  for  the  offense  of 
treason,  to  all  who  participated  in  the  late 
rebellion,  with  the  restoration  of  all  rights, 
privileges,  and  immunities. 

1869,  Jan.  1— The  annual  report  of  quar- 
termaster general  Fayette  Hewitt  shows 
the  total  claim  of  Kentucky  against  the 
U.  S.  for  advances  made  during  the  war 
$3,562,085,  on  which  has  been  paid  by  as- 
sumption of  direct  tax  $606,641  and  in 
cash  and  material  of  war  $1,617,937— leav- 
ing a  balance  still  due  of  $1,337,507.  $50,- 
545  still  stands  charged  against  31  persons, 
for  sums  advanced  early  in  the  war  towards 
mustering  in  soldiers,  for  which  vouchers 
have  not  been  filed. 

On  Oct.  1,  1868,  the  Eastern  Lunatic 
Asylum  had  171  male  and  149  female  pa- 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1869. 


tients— total  320  ;  while  it  could 
date  200  more,  or  520  in  all.  Admitted, 
since  1824,  2,872  — of  whom  1,068  recov- 
ered, 1,061  died,  283  removed  by  friends, 
140  eloped,  and  320  remaining. 

The  Western  Lunatic  Asylum  had  280 
patients,  on  Oct.  10,  1868. 

The  Kentucky  School  for  the  Blind  at 
Louisville  had,  on  Jan.  1,  1869,  48  pupils, 
besides  2  from  Indiana  and  1  from  Ala- 
bama. 

The  Kentucky  Institute  for  Feeble- 
minded Children,  at  Frankfort,  since  its 
establishment  in  1860,  has  admitted  111, 
of  whom  66  remain. 

The  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum  at  Dan- 
ville, on  Nov.  13, 1868,  had  80  pupils. 

Jan.  5 — Legislature  in  adjourned  ses- 
sion  22— By   28  to  2  in  the  senate, 

and  71  to  16  in  the  house,  passes  the  bill 
submitting  to  a  vote,  next  August,  the 
proposition  to  levy  for  the  common  school 
fund  an  additional  tax  of  15  cents  on  the 
$100  of  taxable  property Appropri- 
ates to  the  widow  of  Gov.  Helm  (who  died 
the  week  he  was  inaugurated)  one  year's 
salary,  $5,000 26— Repeals  that  por- 
tion of  the  revenue  law  of  Feb.  28,  1862, 
which  requires  the  officer  to  swear  "  that 
he  has  not  aided  or  abetted  the  rebellion, 
and  is  opposed  to  the  overthrow  of  the 
Union.** Adopts  elegant  and  impres- 
sive resolutions  about  the  death  of  Gen. 
Lovell  H.  Rousseau. 

Jan.  8— Death,  in  Estill  co.,  aged  77,  of 
Rev.  Wm.  Rogers;  he  had  been  a  preacher 
fur  40  years,  had  baptized  2,052  persons  ; 
he  was  the  grandfather  of  207  children. 

Jan.  10 — 70  houses  erected  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  Hardin  Co.,  during  the  past  year; 
and  32  in  Falmouth,  Pendleton  co. 

Jan.  20— A  Mr.  Smith,  of  Ky.,  is  ex- 
hibiting at  Helena,  Ark.,  a  mammoth  ox — 
which  measures  13M  feet  in  length,  U}4 
feet  around  the  girth,  16J4  hands  high, 
and  weighs  4,545  pounds. 

Jan.  27— Death,  near  Raywiok,  M.arion 
CO.,  of  Tramp  Martin,  aged  102  years. 

Jan.  30  — Ex-judges  Samuel  S.  Nich- 
olas, Henry  J.  Stites,  Joshua  F.  Bullitt, 
Wm.  S.  Bodley,  and  Thos.  E.  Bramlette, 
Judge  P.  B.  Muir,  and  Isaac  Caldwell,  of 
Louisville,  memorialize  the  legislature  in 
favor  of  negro  testimony  and  other  liberal 
laws  toward  the  colored  people — in  order 
to  relieve  the  state  from  the  unequal  and 
<ipprcssive  civil  rights  act  of  congress. 

Feb.  1  — The  bank  returns  at  Paris, 
Bourbon  co.,  show  the  capital  of  the  branch 
of  the  Northern  Bank  of  Ky.  $300,000, 
and  average  deposits  $406,563;  and  of  the 
Deposito  Bank,  capital  $99,064,  deposits 
$245,339.  The  stock  of  the  latter  sold  re- 
cently at  $185  to  $200  per  share  of  $100. 

Feb.  1 — Legislature  appropriates  $40,- 
000  for  the  benefit  of  the  institution  for 
feeble-minded  children  and  idiots,  $34,000 

of  it  for  buildings  and  improvements 

Also,  $75,000  for  removing  the  milldams 
and  other  obstructions  in  Licking  river, 
from  the  mouth  up  to  Salyersville,  MagofBn 
CO Also,  $100,000   for  erecting  fire- 


proof public  offices  at  Frankfort  [really  a 

beginning  for  a  new  state-house.] 6 — 

Releases  Harry  I.  Todd  from  the  payment 
of  $36,000  forVour  years'  rent  of  peniten- 
tiary (voluntarily  assumed  by  him  under 
anticipations  not  realized),  and  remits  him 
to  the  contract  actually  made  when  he  was 
elected  **  keeper." 10 — Orders  pay- 
ment of  all  the  governor's  traveling  ex- 
penses when  absent  from  Frankfort  on 
public  business 12 — Makes  punish- 
able by  fine  of  from  $250  to  $1,000,  prize- 
fighting and  training  therefor,  and  also  by 
a  smaller  fine  the  seconds    and   even    the 


Juvenile   Delinquents." 18 — Adopts 

resolutions  on  the  death  of  ex-Gov.  Chas. 
S.  Morehead,  and  proffers  the  interment  of 
his  remains  at  Frankfort,  with  a  monu- 
ment  24 — Directs  the  leasing,  for  50 

years,  of  the  locks  and  dams  and  other 
improvements  of  the  Kentucky  river. 

Feb.  8— Ex-Gov.  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe,  of 
Bardstown,  makes  a  speech  two  hours 
long,  which  surprised  his  friends  by  its 
unusual  ability,  before  the  court  of  appeals 
at  Frankfort.  He  has  practiced  law  for 
5g  years,  is  now  blind,  and  spoke  of  this 
as  probably  his  last  speech  at  the  bar. 

Feb.  8— Thos.  and  Wm.  Oden,  formerly 
of  Nicholas  co.,  but  who,  while  awaiting 
trial,  escaped  from  jail  and  fled  the  coun- 
try, are  pursued,  for  murder  and  other 
great  crimes  in  Montgomery  co.,  in  south- 
eastern Kansas,  by  75  armed  men,  and  rid- 
dled to  death  with  bullets  and  buckshot. 

Feb.  11— The  bill  legalizing  eight  per 
cent,  interest,  where  parties  agree  thereto 
in  writing,  and  forbidding  the  recovery  of 
all  interest  where  a  greater  rate  was  agreed 
upon,  was  defeated  in  the  house  by  48 
to  38. 

Feb.  13- In  the  house  of  representa- 
tives, a  resolution  proposing  a  bill  to 
"abolish  all  discriminations  against  the 
right  to  testify  in  the  Ky.  courts  founded 
on  race  or  color,"  was  laid  on  the  table, 
by  45  to  16. 

Feb.  19 — Elegant  report  of  a  magnifi- 
cent banquet  in  New  York  city,  by  the 
M.inhattan  Club,  in  honor  of  the  arrival 
from  Canada  and  exile  of  Gen.  John  C. 
Breckinridge,  of  Ky.,  ex-vice  president  of 
the  U.  S.  [The  report  was  a  canard,  no 
such  banquet  having  been  given.] 

Feb.  20— Earthquake  shock  at  Lexing- 
ton. 

Feb.  24— Convention  at  Lexington  of  a 
large  number  of  Presbyterian  ruling  elders 
and  laymen,  looking  to  reunion  ;  they  adopt 
"  an  address  to  the  Presbyterian  people  of 
Ky.;"  and  a  memorial  to  the  general  as- 
sembly which  is  to  convene  in  New  York 
city  in  May  next,  requesting  that  body  to 
"  disapprove  of  any  of  its  past  deliver- 
.tnces,  which,  if  there  be  any  such,  may  be 
in  conflict  or  inconsistent  with  Article 
IV,  Chapter  XXXI,  of  the  Confession  of 
Faith" — urging  that  such  "  disapproval" 
would  open  the  way  for  re-union  without 
humiliation. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


195 


Feb.  27 — Great  temperance 


ival 


the  pledge  since 

March!— The  following  county  subscrip- 
tions have  recently  been  made  for  improv- 
ing the  navigation  of  the  Kentucky  river: 
Jessamine  and  Garrard  each  $100,000, 
Mercer  $75,000,  Estill  $50,000,  Owsley 
$25,000,  Fayette  (conditional)  $200,000. 
As  yet,  Madison,  Woodford,  Clark  and 
Franklin  counties  have  not  subscribed. 

March  1 — Legislature  appropriates  $5,- 
ono  to  remove  obstructions  from  the  North 
Fork  of  Ky.  river,  as  high  up  as  Brashear's 

salt-works 2 — Authorizes  50  cents  per 

day  for  6  jurymen  in  justices',  police,  and 
quarterly  courts — only  in  Kenton,  Estill, 

and  Fleming  counties 5 — Makes  it 

unlawful  in  Henderson  and  Boyle  counties, 
between  1st  Feb.  and  1st  Oct.,  to  hunt  and 
kill  deer,  wild  turkey,  pheasant,  partridge, 
quail,  dove,  or  rabbit,  and  between  Jan.  1 
and  June  1,  to  kill  squirrels 6— Ware- 
house receipts  authorized  and  made  nego- 
tiable   10 — Court   of  common  pleas 

established    in    Warren   co Menifee 

county  established,  out  of  parts  of  Bath, 
Montgomery,  Morgan,  Powell,  and  Wolfe 

counties Elliott  county  established, 

out   of    parts    of    Carter,    Lawrence,   and 

Morgan  counties Directs  the  remains 

of  Gen.  Geo.  Rogers  Clarke  to  be  removed 
to  the  Frankfort  cemetery,  and  a  monu- 
ment erected 13— Appropriates  $2,000 

to  remove  obstructions  from  Sturgeon  Fork 

of  Ky.  river 15— Directs  the  sale  of 

state's  stock  in  Louisville  and  Salt  river 
turnpike  company 16 — Adopts  reso- 
lutions about  the  death  of  ex-Senator  Jas. 

Guthrie Authorizes  stockholders  to 

have  one  vote  for  each  share  of  stock  in 

turnpikes Authorizes   the  governor 

to  borrow,  for  the  state,  $500,000  from  the 

sinking    fund Allows   $35    to    each 

senator  and  $20  to  each  representative  to 
purchase  his  own  stationery,  instead  of 
being  furnished  by  the  state  as  hereto- 
fore  Directs  the  auditor  to  sell  lands 

forfeited  for  taxes Repeals  old  law, 

and  authorizes  Ky.  Central  railroad  to 
charge  for  way-freights  not  over  25  per 
cent,  over  through-freight  rates,  for  50 
miles  or  less ;  but  if  over  50  miles,  only 
12^2  per  cent.  more. 

March  4 — Shelby  co.  votes  a  subscrip- 
tion of  $300,000  to  the  railroad  thence  to 
Louisville. 

March  5 — Boyd  Winchester,  elected  from 
the  Louisville  district,  and  John  M.  Rice 
from  the  Maysville  district,  have  been  re- 
fused their  seats  in  the  U.  S.  house  of  rep- 
resentatives since  the  session  opened  in 
December.  Objections  were  withdrawn, 
and  to-day  they  were  sworn  in. 

March  6— John  Webb,  of  Fayette  co., 
sells  his  crop  of  hemp,  from  27  acres,  for 
$4,001 ;  the  average  was  1,556  pounds  per 
acre,  and  the  price  $10  per  cwt.  Good 
hemp  lands  are  renting  for  $20  to  $25  per 

March  8 — Velocipedes  becoming  popular 
in  the  towns  of  Ky.     Richard  H.  Chinn, 


afterwards  an  eminent  lawyer  in  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.,  and  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  used 
velocipedes  in  1819  in  Leesburg,  Harrison 
CO.,  Ky.,  where  he  then  lived. 

March  9— Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge, 
after  eight  years'  absence,  returns  to  his 
home  at  Lexington.  His  journey  by  rail 
from  Covington,  at  every  station,  especially 
at  Cynthiana,  and  his  reception  at  Lex- 
ington, a  perfect  ovation.  With  bonfires, 
rockets,  and  a  serenade,  he  was  called  out 
at  Lexington,  and  made  a  short  speech,  to 
a  large  crowd,  standing  patiently  in  a 
heavy  rain. 

March  11— The  house,  by  39  to  35,  passed 
a  bill  authorizing — provided  it  should  first 
be  approved  by  a  vote  of  the  people — an 
issue  of  $10,000,000  of  6  per  cent,  state 
bonds  in  aid  of  railroads,  river  and  turn- 


iiprov 


The    bill 


guarded,  and  would  rapidly  improve  the 
state.  [It  was  subsequently  reconsidered, 
and  laid  over.] 

March  12 — Todd  co.  votes,  by  a  largo 
majority,  a  subscription  of  $400,000  to  the 
OwensboTO  and  Russellville  railroad. 

Alarch  12— Legislature,  by  21  to  11  in 
the  senate,  and  56  to  24  in  the  house,  pur- 
chases for  $700  from  Wm.  N.  Robb,  for 
the  Capitol,  an  original  portrait  of  Thomas 
Jefferson,  painted  from  life  by  the  illus- 
trious American  artist,  Gilbert  Charles 
Stuart. 

March  13 — Death,  at  Louisville,  aged 
76,  of  James  Guthrie,  late  U.  S.  senator. 
[See  sketch,  under  JeCferson  county.] 

March  13  — John  R.  Key,  a  wealthy 
farmer  near  Maysville,  killed  by  his  son 
John  J.  Key. 

March  13— Legislature  refuses  to  ratify, 
and  rejects — by  yeas  27,  nays  6,  in  the 
senate,  and  80  to  6  in  the  house — the  recent 
proposed  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  known  as 
"ARTICLE  XV. 

"Skc.  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied 
or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by 
any  state,  on  account  of  race,  color,  or 
previous  condition  of  servitude. 

"  Sec.  2.  The  congress  shall  have  power 
to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  leg- 
islation." 

March  14 — Death,  at  Augusta,  Bracken 
CO.,  aged  51,  of  Wm.  C.  Marshall,  a  lawyer 
"derable  ability  and  a  fine  public 


speaker 


eprese 


ited  hii 


nty  in    both 


nches  of  the  state  legislature,  and  in 
the  convention  in  1849  to  form  the  present 
Constitution  ;  was  Commonwealth's  attor- 
ney, and  mayor  of  Augusta. 

March  15 — An  otter,  5  feet  long,  cap- 
tured on  the  farm  of  Henry  Leer,  in  Bour- 
bon CO. — an  animal  remarkably  rare  in 
Ky.  since  it  ceased  to  be  the  hunting- 
ground  of  the  Indians. 

March  16 — A  band  of  men,  by  some 
called  "Ku-Klux,"  attack,  at  the  housa 
of  Mrs.  Bowen,  several  miles  east  of  Nieh- 
olasville.  Jessamine  co.,  her  son  Frank  ; 
who,  in  defending  himself,  kills  one  of 
them,    Lewis    Roberts,  of  Clover  Bottom, 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


Woodford  co.  What  is  very  singular,  and 
never  explained,  in  connection  with  the 
"Ku-Klux"  report,  is — that  Bowen  has 
always  been  a  Democrat,  while  Roberts  is 
an  ex-Federal  soldier  and  a  Radical. 

March  16— Legislature,  by  21  to  8  in 
the  senate  and  43  to  9  in  the  house,  adopts 
the  following: 

Whereas,  The  Hon.  Joshua  F.  Bullitt, 
daring  the  progress  of  the  late  civil  war, 
was  compelled,  by  military  despotism,  to 
leave  the  state  in  order  to  save  himself 
from  illegal  arrest  and  imprisonment;  and 
being  at  the  time  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
court  of  appeals  and  chief  justice  of  the 
state  of  Kentucky  ;  and  the  civil  authority 
at  the  time  being  wholly  under  the  domi- 
nation of  the  military,  and  unable  to  pro- 
tect any  citizen  in  his  rights  of  person  or 
property  ;  and  whereas,  the  governor  of 
the  state  of  Kentucky,  upon  the  address 
of  the  General  Assembly,  during  said  mil- 
itary domination,  and  at  a  time  when  the 
said  Bullitt  was  absent  by  compulsion  from 
the  state  and  dared  not  return  to  it,  re- 
moved the  said  Bullitt  from  said  office  ; 
therefore,  be  it 

Resolved  hij  the  General  Assembh/  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Kentuehy,  That; 'it  is  our 
deliberate  opinion  that  there  was,  in  fact, 
no  legal  or  constitutional  cause  for  the  re- 
moval of  the  said  Hon.  Joshua  F.  Bullitt ; 
and  the  ground  alleged  therefor  in  the  ad- 
dress was  palpably  untrue;  and  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  said  General  Assembly 
against  him  were  a  violation  of  the  spirit 
of  the  Constitution  (which  guarantees  to 
every  man  a  fair  and  impartial  trial);  a 
flagrant  outrage  upon  his  constitutional 
rights  ;  a  manifest  violation  of  all  rules  of 
equality  and  justice,  and  an  insult  to  the 
honor  and  dignity  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  Kentucky. 

March  20— A  special  report  of  the  au- 
ditor shows  the  number  of  suits  brought 
in  1868  in  the  several  counties :  In  Jeffer- 
son 2,492,  Daviess  913,  Kenton  832,  Fay- 
ette 685,  Christian  677,  Bourbon  618,  Ma- 
son 578,  Lincoln  532,  Owen  519,  Hender- 
son 518,  Warren  511,  &c. 

March  21 — Remarkable  revival  among 
the  colored  people  at  Danville  ;  76  addi- 
tions to  the  Methodist  church.  "  The  vast 
crowds  in  attendance  are  sometimes  so 
affected  as  to  sway  to  and  fro  like  the 
waves  of  the  sea,  and  the  shouting  and 
raving  are  almost  deafening,  and  can  be 
heard  for  a  long  distance;  some  women 
have  so  blistered  their  hands  by  violent 
clapping  that  they  cannot  use  them  for 
days ;    other   more   singular  results   have 

followed  such  religious  enthusiasm." 

14th— At  Georgetown,  Scott  CO.,  H7  col- 
ored people  baptized  to-day,  as  members 
of  the  B.aptist  church. 

March  29  —  Livingston  co.,  for  the  3d 
time,  refuses  to  vote  a  $250,000  subscription 
to  the  Elizabeth  town  and  Padueah  railroad. 
April  2  — Burning,  at  Frankfort,  of 
Gaines,  Berry  &  Co.'s  bonded  warehouse, 
with  3,260  barrels  of  whisky  ;  loss  about 
$350,000,  mostly  insured. 


April  3 — Thos.  Lancaster,  confined  for 
the  murder  of  Dr.  Gatewood,  taken  from 
the  jail  at  Brownsville,  Edmonson  co.,  by 
a  mob  of  75  men,  and  hung. 

April  3— Col.  S.  D.  Bruce,  of  N.  Y., 
purchases  of  Jos.  S.  Woolfolk,  Fayette  co., 
two  trotting  mares,  Cosette  and  Evange- 
line, for  $4,000  and  $2,000. 

April  5—26,000  barrels  of  whisky  in 
bonded  warehouses  in  Covington. 

April  5— Death,  in  Cataraugus  co.,  N.  Y., 
of  Daniel  F.  Beekman,  the  Inat  surviving 
soldier  of  the  Revolution  on  the  pension 
list,  aged  109  years  6  months. 

April  6—59  citizens  of  Ky.— of  whom  2 
sign  themselves  Inte  major  generals  of  the 
U.  S.  A.,  4  late  brigadier  generals,  5  late 
colonels,  8  late  lieutenant  colonels,  2  late 
majors,  and  a  number  of  late  captains,  late 
lieutenants,  some  of  the  rest  are  private 
soldiers,  and  others  "stay-at-home  pa- 
riots" — enter  their  "solemn  and  earnest 
protest  against  the  removal  of  political  dis- 
abilities under  the  XlVth  Amendment  to 
the  U.  S.  Constitution,  from  all  persons  in 
Ky.,  until  the  dominant  party  and  the 
authorities  in  Ky."  "  secure  and  recognize 
equal  civil  and  political  rights  fully  to  all 

April  12— Population  of  Covington,  by  a 
census  just  taken,  23,185  (an  increase  of 
1,151  in  one  year);  and  of  Lexington, 
22,808. 

April  18— Last  rail  laid,  completing  the 
new  Short-Line  railroad  from  Louisville 
to  Covington,  100  miles  ;  maximum  grade 
60  feet  per  mile  ;  maximum  curvature  6 
degrees,  or  955  feet  radius  ;  7  tunnels,  the 
longest  only  647  feet;  cost  of  graduation 
and  masonry  $1,440,209,  of  superstructure, 
bridges,  and  track  $1,516,924— total  cost, 
including  equipment,  $3,933,401. 

April  30 — Return,  from  exile  in  Canada, 
of  Wm.  W.  Cleary,  to  his  home  in  Cyn- 
thiana,  Harrison  co. 

April  —Death,  in  Bracken  co.,  aged 
101  years,  7  months,  7  days,  of  Mrs.  Susan 
Llovd;  at  the  age  of  100,  she  could  read 
her  "Bible  .and  thread  a  needle. 

May  1— Woodford  co.  votes  $400,000  to 
the  Elizabethtown,  Lexington  and  Big 
Sandy  railroad,  and  $75,000  to  the  im- 
provement of  Ky .  river.  In  June,  Madison 
CO.,  by  a  majority  of  79,  votes  $75,000  to 
the  latter  object. 

May  4 — State  Temperance  convention 
at  Covington. 

May  5— Oil  well  which  flows  100  barrels 
per  day,  struck,  at  depth  of  136  feet,  on 
Boyd's  creek,  near  Glasgow,  Barren  co. 

May  17  —  A  woman  presented  to  the 
grand  jury  of  Owen  co.  on  the  charge  of 
being  a  witch. 

May  20— Death,  near  Connersville,  Har- 
rison CO.,  of  Mrs.  Dorothy  Carroll,  aged 
100  years  and  5  months. 

May  20  — Confederate  soldiers'  graves 
decorated,  at  Louisville  cemetery,  and  at 
other  cemeteries  in  Ky. 

May  26— Dedication  of  the  Confederate 
monument  at  Cvnthiana.  Address  by  Col. 
Wm.  C.  P.  Bre'ckinridge. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


197 


June  12 — A  fire,  at  Georgetown,  Scott 
CO.,  destroys  about  25  buildings,  covering 
two  entire  squares  east  of  the  court  house — 
among  the  buildings,  the  Odd  Fellows' 
Hall,  Deposite  Bank,  and  Times  printing 
office;  loss  $250,000,  about  $40,000  insur- 
ance. 

June  12— By  a  vote  of  the  people,  Wash- 
ington CO.  subscribes  $400,000,  Marion  co. 
$300,000,  and  Taylor  $250,000  to  the  Cum- 
berland and  Ohio  railroad. 

June  24— Part  of  Kussellville,  Logan 
CO.,  lighted  with  gas. 

June  24  — Peck,  Vanhook  &  Co.'s  dis- 
tillery, at  Cynthiana,  burned  ;  loss  $45,000, 
besides  700  barrels  of  whisky. 

June  26— The  city  of  Cincinnati- by 
15,4.38  for  the  project,  and  only  1,500 
against  it  —  votes  to  issue  $10,000,000 
of  city  bonds,  to  build  a  trunk-line  rail- 
road between  Cincinnati  and  Chattanooga, 
Tennessee. 

June  28 — Short  Line  r.ailroad  from  Cov- 
ington to  Louisville  opened  for  business. 

July  1— Semi-annual  dividends,  free  of 
government  tax,  declared  as  follows  :  Ger- 
man Insurance  Co.  of  Louisville  14  per 
cent..  Northern  Bank  of  Ky.  6,  German 
Security  Bank  of  Louisville  5.  People's 
Bank  4,  Louisville  and  Nashville  railroad 
4.  Bank  of  Ky.,  Farmers'  Bank,  and  Bank 
of  Louisville  each  3  per  cent. 

July  3 — Accident  at  Bank  Lick  creek 
bridge,  on  the  Covington  and  Louisville 
railroad  ;  2  killed,  15  wounded. 

July  4 — Great  celebration  at  Paris  by 
the  colored  people  ;  5,000  in  attendance; 
they  are  addressed  by  Maj.  Geo.  W.  Wil- 
liams and  others.  July  7— Another  great 
celebration  by  colored  people,  at  Lebanon, 
Marion  Co.;  4,000  present. 

July  5  — The  court  of  appeals,  in  the 
case  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  rail- 
road PS.  Warren  CO.,  decides  that  railroads 
cannot  be  taxed  by  county  courts  for  county 
purposes. 

July  5 — Court  of  appeals  decides  uncon- 
stitutional the  law  of  Feb.  16,  1869,  fi.\ing 
the  rates  of  local  freight  on  the  Ky.  Cen- 
tral railroad,  because  impairing  the  obliga- 


Clipper,  and  been  connected  with  the  New 
York  Herald  and  with  the  Washington 
city  National  Intellir/encer. 

July  22— Death,  in  New  York,  of  John 
A.  Roebling,  builder  of  the  Cincinnati 
and  Covington  wire  suspension  bridge. 

July  31 — In  Ky.,  the  largest  whisky- 
producing  state  in  the  Union,  there  are 
7,429,541  gallons  of  whisky  in  bond  ;  while 
in  Pennsylvania,  the  next  largest  pro- 
ducer, are  only  2,718,215  gallons  in  bond. 

July  —Jerry  S.  Black,  of  Pa.,  the  dis- 
tinguished U.  S.  attorney  general  in  Pres- 
ident Buchanan's  cabinet,  had  his  arm 
crushed  while  riding  on  the  Louisville  and 
Nashville  railroad. 

Aug.  2— Bourbon  co.,  by    898  for  and 


■ipti 


of 


ilroad   from    Paris    to 


July  10 —  The  assessor's  book  shows 
some  large  landholders  in  Harrison  co.-: 
Jos.  Shawhan,  sen.,  2,500  acres,  Thos. 
Negibben  1,816,  Gen.  Lucius  Desha  1,194, 
Ed.  D.  Cason  1,000,  Andrew  Garnett  762, 
Paul  King,  sen.,  733  acres. 

July  14—700  colored  delegates  assemble 
in  state  educational  convention,  at  Louis- 
ville ;  nearly  every  county  represented. 

July  19— Frank  Tevebaugh,  near  Clin- 
tonville,  Bourbon  co.,  weighs  some  new 
wheat  which    averaged  77  pounds  to  the 

July  20— Geo.  M.  Bedford,  of  Bourbon 
CO.,  imports  from  Vermont  the  splendid 
young  Durham  bull,  14th  Duke  of  Thorn- 
dale,  for  which  he  paid  $5,500. 

July  20— Death,  at  Washington  city,  of 
Col.  L.  A.  Whitely,  formerly  for  a  number 
of  years  associate  editor  of  the  Louisville 
Journal!   he  had  controlled  the  Baltimore 


706  against  it, 
$200,000  to  the 
Maysville. 

Aug.  3— Rev.  Dr.  L.  L.  Pinkerton  occu- 
pies a  column  in  the  Lexington  S'ntesman 
defending  Gen.  Stephen  G.  Burbridge ; 
says  he  does  not  defend  military  retalia- 
tion, but  that  Gen.  B.  acted  under  orders, 
that  the  rebels  committed  more  outrages 
than  the  Federals,  &c. 
.  Aug.  3— Jas.W.  Tate  (Democrat)  elected 
state  treasurer,  receiving  82,617  votes,  E. 
Rumsey  Wing  (Republican)  24,759— maj. 
57,858.  To  the  senate,  including  those 
holding  over,  are  chosen  Democrats  36, 
Republicans  2,  while  the  house  stands  92 
Democrats  and  8  Republicans.  For  the 
proposition  to  increase  the  school  tax  15 
cents  on  the  $100,  79,085,  against  it  54,- 
408— miijority  24,677. 

Aug.  7— Fire  at  Elizabethtown,  Hardin  - 
CO.;  loss  $125,000. 

Aug.  7— Total  eclipse  of  the  sun,  the 
most  remarkable  since  1806;  visible  over 
most  of  the  United  States,  while  Ky.  was 
in  the  m.Tin  belt  of  obscuration.  Railroad 
and  steamboat  excursions  carried  visitors 
to  W.arsaw,  Falmouth,  Lexington,  Shelby- 
ville,  .and  other  favorable  points  of  total  ob- 
scuration. At  Shelbyville  were  delegations 
of  scientific  men  from  different  parts  of 
the  country.  Besides  the  Shelby  college 
telescope  (which  once  ranked  3d  in  the 
U.  S.)  10  or  12  mounted  instruments  were 
in  use  there.  A  shower  of  meteors  was 
observed  between  the  earth  and  the  moon. 
The  planets  Mercury  and  Venus,  and  fixed 
st.ars  Arcturus  and  Vega,  were  visible  to 
the  naked  eye,  during  the  totality.  A 
number  of  beautiful  photographs  of  the 
eclipse  as  it  progressed,  were  taken.  The 
eclipse  began  at  4:23  and  ended  at  6:21 
p.  M.  At  5:16,  the  thermometer  fell  to  72°, 
and  stars  became  visible  ;  in  some  positions 
the  thermometer  rose  and  fell  14°  in  one 
hour.  Birds  went  to  roost  and  domestic 
fowls  to  their  perches;  and  a  premature 
darkness— unlike  that  seen  .at  any  other 
time — gave  the  earth  a  more  sombre  man- 
tle than  that  of  night. 

Aug.  10,  11,  12— State  Teachers'  Asso- 
ciation in  session  at  Louisville. 

Aug.  —Lexington  and  Fayette  co.  vote 
a  subscription  of  $450,000  to  the  Elizabeth- 
town,  Lexington  and  Big  Sandy  railroad; 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


while  Henderson  refuses  to  vote  a  sub- 
Bcription  to  the  Henderson  and  Nashville 
railroad. 

Aug.  10  — Death,  near  Covington,  of 
Thos.  I).  Kennedy  ;  he  was  born  in  Cin- 
cinnati in  1795,  when  but  one  house  stood 


of  the 


present  city  of  Co 


ington  ;  several  years  after,  he  was  brought 
to  Covington,  where  he  lived,  or  in  its 
immediate  neighborhood,  for  nearly  70 
years. 

Aug.  21— Herzog  wins  the  mile  race,  in 
two  heats,  at  the  Cincinnati  race  course; 
time  1:43%. 

Aug  22 — Three  companies  of  volunteer 
soldiers  or  state  militia,  95  men  in  all, 
leave  Louisville  for  Lebanon,  to  take  care 
of  the  "Regulators,"  whose  depredations 
in  that  region  are  again  unbearable. 

Aug.  31 — Fourth  annual  convention  of 
the  Kentucky  State  Sunday-School  Asso- 
ciation, at  Covington. 

Sept.  6 — Shelby  co.,  by  12  maj.,  sub- 
scribes $400,000  to  the  Cumberland  and 
Ohio  railroad. 

Sept.lO—Since  Aug.  5th,  500  wagon  loads 
of  corn,  weighing  net  2,249,442  pounds, 
(40,168  bushels)  received  by  railroads  at 
Covington. 

Sept.  11 — Consolidation  of  the  Louis- 
ville and  Frankfort  railroad  with  the 
Frankfort  and  Lexington  railroad — to  be 
known  as  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  and 
Lexington  railroad. 

Sept.  15 — A  colored  woman  in  Calloway 
CO.  gives  birth  to  six  living  children  at 

.  Sept.  18 — At  Stanford,  Lincoln  co..  Col. 
Thos.  W.  Napier,  the  sheriff,  killed,  and 
E.  M.  Davidson,  town  marshal,  mortally 
wounded,  by  a  young  man,  Sam.  Holmes, 
who,  while  intoxicated,  threatened  to  kill 
somebody  and  resisted  his  arrest. 

Sept.  — Water-works  established  at 
Bowlinggreen,  Warren  co. 

Sept.  20— Covington,  by  a  vote  of  1,525 
to  161,  authorizes  the  issue  of  $300,000  of 
bonds,  to  build  the  "  Holly"  water-works. 

Sept.  24— ■'  Black  Friday"  in  New  York 
city,  among  the  gold  men;  gold  fluctuates 
between  lo2  and  164. 

Sept.  25— Mrs.  Lucy  Porter,  widow  of 
Judge  Bruce  Porter,  of  Covington,  and 
daughter  of  ex-Gov.  James  T.  Morehead, 
appointed  postmistress  at  Louisville. 

Sept.  26— Death,  in  Calloway  CO.,  Mis- 
souri, aged  88,  of  Capt.  Samuel  Boone,  a 
grandson  of  Daniel  Boone,  born  in  Mad- 
ison CO.,  Ky.,  in  1782;  his  wife,  with 
whom  he  had  been  living  for  over  65  years, 
survives  him. 

Oct.  6,  7,  S — The  negroes  have  an  agri- 
cultural fair  near  Lexington. 

Oct.  10 — Amount  in  state  treasury,  at 
close  of  fiscal.year,  $622,017. 

Oct.  10— Amount  of  taxable  property  in 
Ky.  owned  by  negroes,  $2,016,784— an  in- 
crease of  $342,197  in  one  year. 

Oct.  13 — Great  Commercial  convention  at 
Louisville  ;  ex-President  Millard  Fillmore, 
of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  president ;  520  delegates 
tiom   29   states  — 277   from    the  southern 


states,  107  from  the  eastern,  and  32  from 
the  western  and  middle  states. 

Oct.  14  — Hall's  Dramatic  Temple,  at 
Owensboro,  opened  to  the  public  with  a 
fancy  ball. 

Oct.  19— Snow  at  Paris  over  2  inches 
deep. 

Oct.  28— Death  of  the  great  race-horse 
Herzog,  by  Vandal ;  his  time  for  one  mile, 
1:43K>  is  claimed  to  be  the  fastest  ever 
made  in  the  U.  S. 

Nov.  1- Death,  in  Maryland,  while  on 
a  visit  to  his  daughter,  of  ex-Gov.  Chas. 
A.  Wickliffe,  of  Ky.  [See  sketch,  under 
Nelson  Co.] 

Nov.  3 — Convention,  at  Lexington,  of 
the  Bourbon  whisky  distillers  of  Ky. 

Nov.  3  — Golden  wedding,  near  Rich- 
mond, Madison  co.,  of  Col.  Wm.  Rodes, 
and  his  wife  Pauline,  nee  Clay,  second 
daughter  of  Gen.  Green  Clay.  The  min- 
ister who  married  them.  Rev.  Josiah  Col- 
lins, aged  92,  Judge  Daniel  Breck,  and  3 
other  witnesses  of  the  original  wedding, 
50  years  ago,  were  present,  out  of  8  who 
are  still  living. 

Nov.  8 — Louisville  Courier- Journal  has 
just  closed  the  first  year  of  its  existence; 
the  expenditures,  during  that  time,  have 
been  §260,157,  for  lype-setting,  paper,  sal- 
aries, telegraph  dispatches,  «&c. — and  yet 
it  has  been  profltable. 

Nov.  9— Capt.  Henry  Buford,  of  Fayette 
CO.,  sells  for  $12,500  his  half-interest  in 
the  celebrated  young  trotting  colt  Black- 
wood ;  his  time  (2:31)  was  7  seconds,  »r  a 
distance  equal  to  66  yards,  faster  than  the 
best  time  ever  made  by  a  3-year  old  before. 

Nov.  11— Death,  in  Washington  city, 
aged  80,  of  Amos  Kendall ;  for  15  years, 
from  1814  to  1829,  an  associate  editor  of 
The  Argus  of  Weelern  America  at  Frank- 
fort, Ky.;  1829-35, 4th  auditor  of  U.S.  treas- 
ury ;  1835^0,  postmaster  general  of  the 
U.  S.;  offered  a  foreign  mission  by  Presi- 
dent Polk,  but  declined;  1845,  became  in- 
terested with  Prof.  S.  F.  B.  Morse  in  the  ~ 
ownership  of  telegraphic  patents,  became 
wealthy  and  remarkably  liberal  ;  built 
Calvary  Baptist  church,  in  Washington 
city,  at  a  cost  of  $100,000. 

Nov.  15 — Anderson  co.  votes  a  subscrip- 
tion of  $200,000  to  the  proposed  extension 
of  the  Shelbyville  railroad  to  Lawrence- 

Nov.  15 — Death,  in  Simpson  co.,  aged 
105,  of  Alexander  Cherry,  a  citizen  there 
for  more  than  50  years. 

Nov.  16— The  Louisville  city  council 
donates  20,000  bushels  of  coal  to  the  suffer- 
ing poor  of  the  city. 

Nov.  20— Many  thousand  live  turkeys 
shipped  to  Boston  from  central  Ky.,  8,000 
from  Cynthiana  alone. 

Nov.  20— Terrible  affray  or  battle  at 
Somerset,  Pulaski  co.;  about  40  men  en- 
gaged, and  150  shots  fired  ;  3  men  killed — 
Todd,  Daulton,  and  Wm.  Pleasants— and 
James  Pleasants  desperately  wounded. 
The  difficulty  had  its  origin  in  the  whip- 
ping of  a  man  named  Cooper,  by  a  band 
of  "  Regulators." 


1870. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


Nov.  24— Town  hall  at  Lancaster,  Gar- 
rard CO..  blown  down  by  a  gale. 

Nov.  27—47  Confederate  dead  re-interred 
in  Battle  Grove  Cemetery,  at  Cyntbiana. 

Nov.  — Judge  Hoke,  in  the  circuit  court 
;it  Louisville,  sustains  the  constitutionality 
of  the  law  of  March,  1867,  which  provides 
fur  the  taxation  of  the  income  derived  as 
interest  on  U.  S.  bonds. 

Nov.  27— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged  73, 
of  Samuel  S.  Nicholas.  [See  sketch,  un- 
der Jefferson  CO.] 

Dec.  1 — Only  one  distillery  in  operation 
in  Bourbon  co. 

Dec.  5 — Two  negro  men,  for  outraging 
the  person  of  Miss  Dick,  near  BoydsviUe, 
Graves  Co.,  while  under  arrest  and  being 
conveyed  to  jail,  are  seized  by  disguised 
men  and  shot. 

Dec.  6 — Legislature  in  session.  Preston 
H.  Leslie  elected  presiding  officer  of  the 
senate  [and  acting  lieutenant  governor], 
receiving  20  votes,  Wm.  Johnson  17,  on 
the  3d  ballot;  on  the  1st  ballot,  Leslie  15, 
Johnson  14,  John  G.  Carlisle  7,  Thomas 
Wrightson  1.  In  the  house,  John  T. 
Bunch  was  unauimomli/  elected  speaker — 
a  remarkable  compliment  paid  but  six 
times  in  the  history  of  Kentucky. 

Dec.  7— State  House  of  Reform  located 
in  Jefferson  county,  upon  the  Louisville 
Cincinnati  and  Lexington  railroad,  near 
Hobbs'  Station  [Anchorage],  upon  a  farm 
of  230  acres,  bought  for  $20,000,  of  which 
the  city  of  Louisville  donated  $8,000. 
Buildings  to  be  finished  by  Sept.  1,  1870, 
at  $35,000  cost,  which  will  accommodate 
125  inmates — so  the  committee  reports. 

Dec.  7 — Gov.  Stevenson  informs  the  leg- 
islature that  he  has  leased  for  50  years,  at 
$1,500  per  year  rent,  to  the  Kentucky 
river  Navigation  Company  the  locks  and 
dams  upon  that  river. 

Dee.  7 — Legislature  passes  an  act  re- 
quiring railroad  companies  to  pay  for  stock 

they  negligently  kill  or  damage S — 

Exempts  from  taxation  all  college  and 
seminary  property,  and  real  estate  belong- 
ing to  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  masonic  lodges,  to 
hospitals,  infirmaries, widows  and  orphans' 

asylums,  and  foundling  asylums 15 — 

Adopts  resolutions  in  honor  of  John  A. 
Jacobs,  for  40  years  principal  of  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  Asylum  at  Danville Ac- 
cepts, with  thanks  to  the  donor,  Jacob 
Keller  of  Louisville,  a  portrait  of  Chief 
Justice  John  Marshall,  to  adorn  the  court 
room  of  the  court  of  appeals. 

Dec.  7  — Of  $1,323,234  due  in  M.arch, 
1869,  to  the  state  of  Ky.  by  the  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment, for  advances  made  during  the 
war,  the  small  sum  of  $14,308  only  has 
been  paid  during  the  past  nine  months, 
while  an  additional  claim  for  $27,288,  with 
proof,  has  been  forwarded. 

Dec.  7— Gov.  Stevenson  recommends  the 
legislature  to  submit  to  a  vote  of  the  peo- 
ple the  question  of  calling  a  convention  to 
revise  the  Constitution  of  the  state. 

Dec.  14— Earthquake  shock  at  Hick- 
man, Fulton  CO. 

Dec.  14,  15,  16— Gov.  John  W.  Steven- 


son elected  U.  S.  senator  for  six  years 
from  March  4,  1871.  The  ballotings  were 
as  follows  : 

Jno.  Vf.  Stevenson 47     47     55     66  117 

Thos.  C.  McCreery 46     41     54     59     ... 

Oscar  Turner 17     13     

John  Q.  A.  King 3     

James  B,  Beck 3       2       1       1     ... 

John  M.  Rice 6       9     

A.  R.  Boon 2       1     

Jacob  S.  GoUaday 13     16     

Richard  M.  Spalding 5 

Jno.  C.  Breckinridge 1 

H.  F.  Finley 10     10     10     10     10 

[Mr.  Finley  was  voted  for  by  Repub- 
licans ;  the  others  are  Democrats.] 

Dec.  15 — The  secretary  of  state  reports 
to  the  senate,  by  order,  a  statement  show- 
ing the  amount  of  interest  paid  by  the  state 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  Oct.  10, 1869, 
$198,784. 

Dee.  16— Suicide  at  Louisville,  of  Judge 
Kdwin  Bryant.  Judge  B.  came  from  Mas- 
sachusetts to  Ky.  in  early  life,  was  the 
founder  of  the  Lexington  Intelligencer,  as- 
sociate editor  of  the  Lexington  Observer 
&  Reporter,  and  until  1847  editor  of  the 
Louisville  Dailij  Dime,  afterwards  called 
the  Morning  Courier.  He  had  amassed  a 
considerable  fortune  in  California,  which 
he  willed  to  persons  who  had  assisted  him 
in  his  early  struggles. 

Dec.  20 — Louisville  Daily  Commercial 
established. 

Dec.  29— Dr.  Wm.  S.  Chipley  resigns  the 
superintendoncy  of  the  Eastern  Lunatic 
Asylum  at  Lexington,  and  Dr.  John  W. 
Wiiitney  unanimously  chosen  his  successor. 

1870,  Jan.  2— Heaviest  fall  of  snow  ever 
known  in  Ky.;  in  some  places  from  3  to 
4  feet  deep. 

Jan.  3 — Remarkable  and  beautiful  au- 
rora borealis,  between  4  and  5  a.  m. 

Jan.  .3— Total  amount  in  the  state  treas- 
ury $880,641. 

Jan.  7 — Legislature,  by  resolution,  calls 
upon  congress  to  order  payment  for  bridges 
over  the  water  courses  on  the  Bardstown 
and  Louisville  turnpike,  burned  and  de- 
stroyed in  Sept..  1862,  by  order  of  Mnj. 
Gen.  Wm.  Nelson,  then  Federal  com- 
mandant   in    Ky 11  —  Appoints    a 

committee  to  investigate  affairs  in  the  Ken- 
tucky, Glohe  and  Hope  insurance  compa- 
nies  24— Donates  $5,000  to  the  suf- 
ferers by  the  tornado  of  Jan.  17th  in  Cave 

City    and    vicinity 29 — Establishes 

the  county  of  Lee,  out  of  parts  of  Estill, 
Owsley,  Breathitt  and  Wolfe. 

Jan.  8 — Gov.  Stevenson  gives  a  grand 
banquet  at  the  gubernatorial  mansion,  to 
the  members  of  the  legislature  and  dis- 
tinguished citizens  from  all  parts   of  the 

Jan.  12— Second  annual  meeting  of  the 
Kentucky  Press  Association  at  Lexington  ; 
37  members  present,  in  person  or  by  proxy  ; 
Col.  Albert  G.  Hodges,  of  the  Frankfort 
CommoHivealth,  president.  Maj.  Henry  T. 
Stanton,  of  the  Maysville  BuHe(»i,  delivers 
the  annual  poem,  on  "Type  and  Time;" 
and   Col.    J.   Stoddard    Johnston,    of   the 


200 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1870. 


Frankfort  Yeoman,  the  annual  address  on 
"  The  Press."  Daring  the  year  1869,  16 
newspapers  have  been  established  in  the 
state,  and  7  have  suspended.  Total  now 
in  the  state  80—56  weekly,  3  semi-weekly, 
a  tri-weekly,  6  daily,  and  12  monthly  ;  1 
medical,  1  masonic,  1  musical,  1  literary, 
1  educational,  2  temperance,  2  agricultural, 
4  commercial,  7  religious,  and  60  political 
(5  Republican  and  05  Democratic.) 

The  first  meeting,  specially  for  organ- 
ization, was  held  at  Frankfort,  Jan.  13, 
1869— Geo.  D.  Prentice,  of  the  Louisville 
Courier- Journal,  president;  27  editors  pres- 
ent. At  an  entertainment  given,  at  the 
Capital  Hotel,  by  Geo.  W.  Ranck,  of  the 
Lexington  Observer  <£■  Reporter,  Mr.  Pren- 
tice's toast— -alluding  to  (he  graceful  and 
elegant  writing  of  the  host,  and  to  the 
racy,  biting  style  of  John  E.  Hatcher,  of 
the  Louisville  Zicmocra!—was  :  "The  Rank 
and  File  of  the  Kentucky  Press." 

Jan.  12— The  senate,  by  24  to  7,  passed 
a  bill  providing  for  the  registration  of 
marriages,  births,  and  deaths;  it  failed  in 
the  house,  March  17,  only  46  voting  for  it 
[51  required]  and  32  against  it. 

Jan.  12— The  house,  by  80  to  15,  passes 
a  bill  abolishing  the  infliction  of  stripes 
as  a  punishment  for  any  and  all  offenses 
against  state  laws,  and  substituting  con- 
finement in  the  county  jail  or  work-house, 
.and  hard  labor:  or.  in  case  of  offenders 
under  20  years,  confinement  in  the  State 
House  of  Reform.  March  11,  the  senate 
rejected  the  bill. 

Jan.  17  —  Terrific  tornado  or  cyclone 
sweeps  over  Ky.,  before  day.  At  Cave 
City,  Barren  co.,  5  persons  killed  outright, 
3  mortally,  19  dangerously,  and  11  slightly 
wounded ;  many  houses  demolished,  in- 
cluding the  Masonic  Hall  and  2  churches ; 
over  50  families  rendered  homeless ;  some 
of  the  killed  found  300  yards  from  where 
they  had  been  sleeping;  every  house  be- 
tween Cave  City  and  Glasgow  Junction,  5 
miles,  blown  down,  9  lives  lost,  and  a 
number  of  persons  wounded. 

Jan.  17 — By  unanimous  invitation  of 
the  house.  Col.  Blanton  Duncan  delivers 
an  address,  in  the  hall  of  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives, at  Frankfort,  on  the  subject 
of  immigration. 

Jan.  20— Death,  at  Lexington,  aged  84, 
of  Dr.  Benj.  W.  Dudley,  for  nearly  half  a 
century  at  the  head  of  the  surgical  profes- 
sion in  the  West.  [See  sketch,  under 
Fayette  eo.] 

,Tan.  21— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged  67, 
of  Geo.  Denison  Prentice,  the  veteran  ed- 
itor of  the  Louisville  Journal.  [See  sketch, 
under  Jefferson  Co.] 

Jan.  22  —  The  city  treasurer's  report 
shows  the  total  income  for  the  year  1869 
of  the  city  of  Covington  to  be  $171,479— 
of  which  from  taxes  $149,370,  from  coffee 
house  and  beer  saloon  licenses  $8,677,  from 
wharfage  $1,345,  &c.;  and  among  its  ex- 
penditures, for  officers'  salaries  $10,230, 
for  police  $10,336,  for  gas  $12,774,  for  in- 
ternal improvements  $43,698,  for  cleaning 
streets  $12,224,  &o. 


Jan.  25— Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge,  in 
the  interest  of  the  proposed  Cincinnati 
Southern  railroad  charter,  addresses  a  joint 
session  of  committees  on  railroads  of  the 
two  houses  of  the  legislature.  Isaac  Cald- 
well, of  Louisville,  replies,  next  week,  on 
behalf  of  the  city  of  Louisville. 

Jan.  26— The  senate,  by  25  to  6,  passes 
a  bill  appropriating  $3,000,  annually  for 
three  years,  to  the  State  Agricultural  So- 
ciety, but  the  house,  by  58  to  20,  rejects  it. 

Jan.  26— Louisville  Commercial  has  a 
sensation  article  which  minutely  describes 
the  resuscitation  by  some  of  the  medical 
faculty,  reporting  that  he  is  now  alive,  of 
Kriel,  the  wife-murderer,  who  was  hung, 
in  that  city,  on  Friday,  21st.  An  exami- 
nation of  the  vault  shows  Kriel's  body 
still  quietly  reposing  in  his  cofBn,  and 
explodes  the  hoax. 

Jan.  26 — Special  reports  of  the  Auditor 
show  amount  of  appropriations  for  the 
penitentiarv,  from  1836  to  1860,  $64,734, 
and  from  1860  to  1869,  $175,476— total 
$240,210. 

Jan.  29 — Death,  at  Lexington,  aged  72, 
of  Judge  Lewis  Collins,  of  Maysville  — 
editor  of  the  Maysville  Eagle  for  27  years, 
and  author  in  1847  of  "  Historical  Sketches 
of  Kentucky,"  560  pp.,  Svo.,  most  of  which 
is  embodied  in  this  work.  [See  sketch, 
under  Mason  co.] 

Jan.  30— Death,  at  Paris,  aged  68,  of 
Maj.  Geo.  W.  Williams  ;  he  w.is,  during  an 
eventful  life,  a  lawyer,  minister  of  the 
Reformed  or  Christian  Church,  member  of 
the  state  senate  and  also  of  the  house  of 
representatives,  member  of  the  Constiiu- 
tional  convention  in  1849-50,  nominee  of 
the  Temperance  party  for  governor  in 
1855,  A'c. 

Jan.  31 — Death,  on  South  Licking,  near 
Falmouth,  Pendleton  co.,  aged  99,  of  Abra- 
ham Turner:  he  had  removed  in  1794 
bich  he 
I  years. 

Feb.  1— By  unanimous  invitation  of  the 
house,  Henry  Watterson,  editor  of  the  Lou- 
isville Courier- Journal,  delivers  in  the  hall 
of  the  house  of  representatives  at  Frankfort, 
a  memorial  address  on  the  career  and  serv- 
ices of  the  late  Geo.  D.  Prentice,  journal- 

Feb.  1— The  statistics  of  tbe  live  stock 
trade,  during  1869,  to  New  York  city  from 
the  West,  have  just  been  published,  show- 
ing: Beefcattle  325,761,  cows  4,836.  calves 
93,984,  sheep  1,479,563,  hogs  901,308- 
total  2,805,452.  Average  per  week:  beef 
cattle  6,265,  cows  93,  calves  1,807,  sheep 
28,453,  hogs  17,333— average  of  all  kinds 
per  week  53,951  head.  Average  receipts 
per  dav,  of  all  kinds,  7,707  head.  Money 
value  "of  the  whole  over  $35,000,000  for 
the  year  1869,  or  $1,057,692  for  each  week, 
or  $151,099  for  each  day.  Illinois  fur- 
nishes New  York  more  than  half  of  all  her 
cattle,  198,4.33  head:  Ohio  next,  28,792; 
Texas  3d,  23,178:  Kentucky  4th,  22,887; 
New  York  state  5th,  19,170  ;  Indiana  6th, 
11,077;  Missouri  7th,  10,396:  Michigan 
8th,  2,281  :  Iowa  9th,  2,001 ;  Canada  10th, 


Kiif  wos¥  Spif  tii  41P  PraiiiHiii, 


1870. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


201 


1,741;  Pennsylvania  11th,  1,351;  other 
states,  .S,252  head. 

Feb.  2— The  house,  by  74  to  15,  refuses 
to  entertain  a  hill  providing  for  negro  tes- 
timony. The  senate,  Jan.  22,  took  similar 
action,  by  23  to  3. 

Feb.  2— The  senate,  by  10  for  and  18 
against,  declines  to  purchase  a  marble 
bust  of  Henry  Clay,  price  $750. 

Feb.  7 — Legislature  makes  it  finable  to 
throw  dead  animals  into  the  ponds,  or  into 
water  courses  except  the  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi rivers 10 — Appropriates  $6,731 

for  improvements  at  the  feeble-minded  in- 
stitute  Appropriates  $75,000  to  re- 
move obstructions  out  of  Big  Sandy  river. 

14  — Exempts    from   execution   the 

professional  libraries  of  ministers  of  the 
gospel,  lawyers,  and  physicians  to  value 
of  $500,  and  one  horse  with  cart  or  dray 
of  laboring  men. 

Feb.  7  —  Legal  tender  law  decided  un- 
constitutional by  the  U.  S.  supreme  court, 
four  concurring,  three  dissenting.  Chief 
.Justice  Salmon  P.  Chase  delivers  the 
opinion. 

Feb.  8  — The  following  state  officers 
elected  by  the  legislature:  Jeremiah  W. 
South  keeper  of  the  penitentiary,  Samuel 
I.  M.  Mnjor  public  printer,  John  C.  Noble 
public  binder,  and  Geo.  B.  Crittenden 
librarian. 

Feb.  9 — From  a  resolution  offered  by  0. 
C.  Bowles  in  the  house,  to-day,  and  from 
tho  Auditor's  report  of  the  year  1869,  it 
appears  that  on  the  10th  day  of  Oct.  1859 
there  was  a  deficit  of  $22,445  in  the  ordi- 
nary revenue  of  the  state,  which  deficit 
h.as  increased  each  year  (except  1859)  until 
the  present  time  ;  these  deficits  have  been 
supplied,  from  time  to  time,  by  loans  from 
the  sinking  fund. 

Feb.  10— The  bill  to  establish  the  county 
of  Hanson,  out  of  parts  of  Meade  and 
Breckinridge  counties  (extending  on  the 
Ohio  river  from  the  lower  end  of  Branden- 
burg to  the  mouth  of  Sinking  creek,  just 
above  Stephensport)  defeated  in  the  house, 
by  yeas  36,  nays  45. 

Feb.  15— Death,  at  Aberdeen,  Ohio,  op- 
posite Maysville,  aged  94,  of  esquire  Thos. 
Shelton.  He  has  held  the  ofiRce  of  justice 
of  the  peace  since  1816,  being  re-elected 
whenever  his  term  expired,  and  is  estima- 
ted to  have  united  in  marriage  more  than 
4,000  couples  or  8,000  people— probably 
three-fourths  of  whom  were  "  runaway 
couples"  from  Ky.  He  emigrated  to  Ohio 
in  1812,  from  his  native  state  Virginia. 

Feb.  15 — Meeting,  at  Paris,  of  soldiers 
of  the  war  of  1812. 

Feb. 16— An  invitation  to  the  legislature, 
from  the  General  Council  and  the  Board 
of  Trade  of  the  city  of  Louisville,  to  visit 
that  city  on  the  18th — to  join  in  celebrat- 
ing the  completion,  so  far  as  to  admit  of 
the  passage  of  trains,  of  the  magnificent 
bridge  across  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  river— 
and  to  partake  of  the  hospitalities  of  the 
Qity,  and  an  invitation  from  the  City  Coun- 
cil of  the  city  of  Cincinnati  to  partake  of 
its  hospitalities,  were,  by  a  vote  of  53  to 


30,  "respectfully  declined"  by  the  house 
of  representatives.  The  hospitalities  of 
the  cities  of  Covington  and  Newport  were 
subsequently  tendered  by  their  City  Coun- 
oils,  and  the  matter  coming  up  in  the  sen- 
ate, that  body,  by  23  to  14,  accepted  the 
invitation.  The  house,  by  33  to  47,  refused 
to  recede  from  its  declination  ;  but,  next 
day,  on  the  renewal  of  the  invitations 
with  some  changes,  the  house,  by  45  to  42, 
accepted  them. 

Feb.  16- The  senate,  by  27  to  10,  passes 
the  bill  increasing  the  salaries  of  the  cir- 
cuit and  other  like  judges  to  $3,000.  The 
house,  March  17,  postponed  its  considera- 
tion until  Jan.  10,  1871. 

Feb.  17— Death,  3  miles  from  Frankfort, 
aged  106,  of  "  Uncle  David"  Smart,  a 
negro,  born  in  Virginia  in  1764,  who  emi- 
grated to  Ky.  with  his  master  in  1780. 

Feb.  17  — Sudden  death,  at  Louisville, 
aged  42,  of  Chas.  D.  Kirk,  editor  of  the 
Louisville  Daily  Sun,  and  well  known  as 
a  rather  brilliant  correspondent  over  the 
signature  of  "  Se  De  Kay." 

Feb.  18,  19,  20— The  members  of  tho 
legislature  and  most  of  the  state  ofiicers 
visit  Louisville  on  Friday,  take  part  in 
the  exercises  dedicating  the  new  city  hos- 
pital, cross  in  the  first  passenger  train  over 
the  Ohio  river  railroad  bridge,  and  in  the 
evening  are  entertained  at  an  elegant  ban- 
quet at  the  Gait  House;  thence,  go  by 
steamer  to  Cincinnati,  where  they  are  es- 
corted during  Saturday  through  Clifton 
and  other  suburban  villas,  and  are  ban- 
queted at  night  at  the  Burnet  House, 
Hon.  Geo.  H.  Pendleton  delivering  the 
welcoming  address.  On  Sunday  they  aro 
dined  and  wined  in  elegant  style  (in 
seeming  forgetfulness  of  the  holy  day)  by 
the  city  authorities  both  of  Covington  and 
Newport ;  thence  taking  a  Sunday  after- 
noon special  train  to  Lexington,  they  are 
bounteously  provided  for  at  the  Phoenix 
Hotel  in  that  city,  and  at  9  p.  M.  return  by 
another  special  train  to  Frankfort. 

Feb.  25— The  house,  by  45  to  35,  passes 
a  bill  giving  to  attorneys-at-Iaw  a  lien  for 
their  fees  upon  any  property,  real  or  per- 
sonal, which  thev  may  recover  by  suit. 
Not  acted  on  in  the  sen.ate. 

Feb.  28— An  act  of  the  legislature  ex- 
cludes from  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Paris 
certain  territory  [popularly  known  as 
Claysville  and  Ruckersville.] 

March  1— At  the  suggestion  of  the  Ky. 
representatives  in  congress,  that  the  laws 
of  Ky.,  and  the  senate  and  house  journals, 
since  1850,  were  not  to  be  found  in  the 
library  of  congress  ;  the  house,  Feb.  22,  by 
58  to  18,  and  the  senate,  Feb.  24,  directed 
two  sets  of  the  same  to  be  forwarded. 

March  1,U — Louisville  and  Chattanooga 
Railroad  Company  chartered  by  the  legis- 
lature ;  route  not  designated,  but  couimis- 
sioners  to  receive  subscriptions  of  stock 
appointed  in  Jefferson.  Spencer,  Nelson, 
Washington,  Marion,  Taylor,  Adair,  and 
Cumberland  counties. 

March  1— In  the  senate,  the  bill  to  au- 


the  I 


202 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1870. 


the  Cincinnati  Southern  railway  within 
the  Commonwealth  of  Ky.  was  rejected, 
by  yeas  i:i,  n.ays  22.  In  the  house,  March 
4,  the  bill  was'  laid  on  the  table,  by  yens 
49,  nays  4)1.  March  5,  a  motion  to  recon- 
sider was  laid  on  the  table,  by  46  to  31. 
A  communication  from  23  members  of  the 
Tennessee  legislature  and  other  prominent 
citizens  of  that  state,  expressing  regret  at 
the  non-passage  of  the  bill,  &c.,  was  re- 
ferred to  the  committee  on  railroads. 

March  1— Since  Deo.  1,  three  months, 
285,000  bushels  corn,  worth  $205,000,  re- 
ceived at  Covington,  over  the  Ky.  Central 
railroad. 

March  1  to  10 — Debate  for  9  days,  at 
Mountsterling,  Montgomery  co.,  between 
Kev.  Jacob  Ditzler,  of  the  Methodist  E. 
Church  South,  and  Elder  L.  B.  Wilkes, 
of  the  Reformed  or  Christian  Church. 
Propositions  :  1.  The  infant  of  a  believing 
parent  is  a  proper  subject  for  Christian 
baptism ;  2.  Baptism  is"  for  the  remission 
of  sins  ;  3.  The  sprinkling  or  pouring  of 
water  upon  a  proper  subject,  by  a  proper 
administrator,  is  Christian  baptism.  The 
1st  and  3d  are  affirmed,  and  the  2d  denied, 
by  the  Methodist  E.  Church   South,  and 

March  2 — Legislature  levies  additional 
tax  of  15  cents  on  each  $100,  for  increas- 
ing the  common  school  fund — to  be  col- 
lected off  the  property  of  white  persons 
only,  and  expended  exclusively  for  the  ed- 
ucation of  white  children ;..  Appropri- 
ates $300  for  a  library  of  moral,  historical 
and  religious  books  for  the  use  of  the  con- 
victs in  the  penitentiary 4 — Appro- 
priates $7,500  for  a  chapel  for  religious  serv- 
ices, and  for  other  improvements,  at  the 

AVestern  Lunatic  Asylum Increases  fees 

of  jailers — for  boarding  prisoners  75  cents 

per  day,  &c Makes  it   unlawful  for 

county  courts  to  issue  county  bonds  in  aid 
of  works  of  public  improvement,  or  impose 
a  tax,  upon  the  petition  of  any  number  of 
legal  voters.  [Must  be  by  vote  of  the  peo- 
ple]  2 — Fixes  special  license-tax  upon 

foreign  express  companies,  and  exempts 
them  from  paying  for  license  in  counties 

or  towns 10 — Establishes  the  county 

of  Martin,  out  of  parts  of  Pike,  Johnson, 
Floyd  and  Lawrence,  with  county-seat  at 

Wareeld 11  — Appropriates  $10,000 

for  improvements  at  the  Blind  Asylum, 
and  increases  the  annual  appropriation  for 

its  support  to  $10,000  (from  $6,000) 

10— Establishes  an  insurance  bureau,  and, 
12th,  enacts  general  laws  under  which 
either  life,  or  tire  and  marine,  insurance 

companies  may  be  incorporated 12 — 

Regulates  the   inspection   and  selling  of 

tobacco  in  Louisville 15  —  R.ailroad 

engineers  to  be  fined  and  imprisoned  for 

willfully  killing  or  crippling  stock 

General  law  of  incorporation  adopted 

17  —  A    merchantable   barrel   of  potatoes 

fixed  at  150  pounds,  net 17— What 

property,  when  a  person  dies  intestate, 
shall  be  set  apart  for  widows  and  orphans. 

Unl.-iwful  to  submit  to  a  vote  of  the 

people  more  than  one  proposition  for  tax- 


ation  at   once IS^The  weight  per 

bushel  of  unscreened  stone-coal  shall  be 
four   pounds  more   than  if  screened,  and 

flue  of  $5  to  $20  to  sell  it  otherwise 

Fine  of  $25  to  $200  for  selling  milk  diluted 
with  water,  or  adulterated,  or  "skimmed," 
with  intent  to  defraud  ;  or  from  cows  fed 
upon  "  still  or  brewers'  slops"  or  "grains." 

19  — Because    over   $225,000    have 

been  expended  since  1858  in  enlarging  the 
shops  and  increasing  the  machinery  in  the 
penitentiary,  and  because  the  number  of 
hands  to  work  have  been  more  than  doubled, 
therefore  the  state  reduces  the  rent  or  lease- 
rate  from  $12,000  per  year  to  $8,000,  after 
the  present  contract  shall  expire Un- 
lawful to  bring  Texas  cattle,  at  any  time, 
into  Bourbon, BoyIe,Clark, Fleming, Frank- 
lin, Garrard,  Lincoln,  Mason,  or  Mont- 
gomery counties  ;  or  into  any  other  counties 
except  during  the  months  of  November, 
December,  January,  and  February — under 
penally  of  fine  of  $100  to  $5,000;  during 
those  four  months  only,  they  may  be  driven 
through  or  over  the  public  highways  of 
the  counties  named,  en  route  to  other  coun- 
ties  Sale,  storage,  and  inspection  of 

coal  oil  regulated;  and  sale  of  naptha  or 
any  mixture  of  it,  for  illuminating  pur- 
poses, prohibited  under  heavy  penalty 

All  persons  passing  over  turnpike  roads  to 
and  from  church  on  Sunday,  and  in  attend- 
ing funerals,  exempt  from  paying  tolls 

Unlawful  to  sell  or  give  liquors  to  negroes 
on  Sabbath  day ;  fine  of  $20  to  $60  for 
each  offense Salaries  of  superintend- 
ent of  each  lunatic  asylum  fixed  at  $2,000, 
of   1st   assistant   physician    $1,250,  of  2d 

and  3d  assistant   physician  $1,000 

$2  premium  out  of  the  state  treasury  for 
e.ach  wolf-scalp  with  the  ears  thereon,  $1:25 
for  each  wildcat,  and  $1:50   for  each   red 

fox Special  acts  of  incorporation  will 

not  be  passed  for  any  company  which  can 
be  incorporated  under  the  general  incor- 
poration law Resolutions    in  regard 

to  the  death  of  Wm.  A.  Dudley,  late  a 
state  senator Common  school  law  re- 
vised and  reduced  into  one. 

March  7  —  Jos.  M.  Alexander  unani- 
mously elected  speaker  pro  tern,  of  the 
senate. 

March  11 — By  57  to  15,  the  house  passed 
a  bill  to  establish  the  court  of  common 
pleas  for  Fayette  eo.,  but  subsequently 
withdrew  the  bill  from  the  senate  and  took 
no  further  action. 

March  11 — Gov.  Stevenson  vetoes  a  pri- 
vate bill  for  the  benefit  of  the  county 
judges  of  Webster  and  Mason  counties- 
exempting  them  from  the  operation  of  the 
general  law  of  Feb.  11,  1867,  which  pro- 
hibits county  judges  from  bringing  suits 
to  settle  the  estates  of  deceased  persons. 
The  veto  was  sustained  in  the  senate,  and 
the  bill  rejected,  by  17  to  4. 

March  16— A  bill  in  the  senate  to  ap- 
point three  commissioners  to  revise  the 
statute  laws  of  Ky.  was  defeated:  yeas 
16  (20  were  required),  nays  13. 

March  17— The  senate,  by  27  to  3,  passes 
an  act  to  appropriate  $25,000  "  to  complete 


1870. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


the  public  building  now  in  the  course  of 
erection  on  the  east  side  of  the  Capitol  in 
the  city  of  Frankfort."  It  was  not  acted 
on  in  the  house. 

March  —John  Sherman,  of  Ohio,  in- 
troduces into  the  U.  S.  senate  a  bill  in- 
corporating the  Cincinnati  Southern  rail- 
road —almost  the  same  as  that  recently 
rejected  by  the  Kentucky  legislature.  It 
was  not  successful  in  the  senate,  but  passed 
the  house  by  a  large  majority. 

March  18— Death,  at  St.  Anthony,  Min- 
nesota, aged  ()7,  of  Rev.  Asa  Drury,  D.D., 
an  eminent  Baptist  clergyman,  teacher, 
and  professor.  For  a  number  of  years  he 
was  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  and 
Greek  literature  in  the  Baptist  Theological 
Institute  at  Covington,  Ky.,  and  for  some 
10  years  after,  principal  of  the  High  School 
and  superintendent  of  the  public  schools 
of  Covington.  He  had  been  a  professor  in 
Cincinnati  College,  in  Denison  University 
at  Granville,  Ohio,  and  in  WaterviUe  Col- 
lege, Maine. 

March  21  —  The  following  resolution 
passes  both  houses  of  the  legislature  unan- 
imously, and  is  approved  by  the  governor  : 

ReBolved,  by  the  Geiierai  Assembly  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Kentucki/  : 

That  we  have  heard  with  deep  regret  of 
the  death  of  Judge  Lewis  Collins,  of  Mays- 
ville,  Ky.,  which  has  occurred  since  the 
meeting  of  this  General  Assembly.  He 
was  a  native  Kentuckian  of  great  purity 
of  character  and  enlarged  public  spirit; 
associated  for  a.  half  century  with  the  press 
of  the  state,  which  he  adorned  with  his  pa- 
triotism, his  elevated  morals,  and  his  en- 
lightened judgment.  He  was  the  author 
of  a  History  of  Kentucky,  evidencing 
extended  research,  and  which  embodies  in 
a  permanent  form  the  history  of  each 
county  in  the  state,  and  the  lives  of  its 
distinguished  citizens,  and  is  n,n  invaluable 
contribution  to  the  literature  and  historical 
knowledge  of  the  state.  His  name  being 
thus  perpetually  identified  with  that  of  his 
native  state,  this  General  Assembly,  from 
a  sense  of  duty  and  regard  for  his  mem- 
ory, expresses  this  testimonial  of  its  ap- 
preciation of  his  irreproachable  character 
and  valued  services. 

March  21— Gov.  Stevenson  has  vetoed 
six  bills  passed  by  the  legislature,  and  the 
vetoes  have  been  sustained. 

March  28 — Death,  suddenly,  from  apo- 
plexy, at  San  Francisco,  of  Maj.  Gen.  Geo. 
H.  Thomas,  U.S.A.,  commandant  in  1866- 
66  of  the  military  department  which  in- 
cluded Ky. 

March  28  and  April  1— Singular  and 
unpleasant  triangular  controversy  between 
U.  S.  senator  Thos.  C.  McCreery,  Gov. 
John  W.  Stevenson,  and  congressman 
Thos.  L.  Jones,  in  reference  to  reports,  1. 
That  the  first  named  had  "recommended 
Gen.  Stephen  G.  Burbridge  for  office," 
which  McC.  promptly  and  indignantly  de- 
nied ;  2.  That  Gov.  Stevenson  "  was  giving 
currency  to  said  report,"  which  S.  ac- 
knowledged having  done  several  times  un- 
til he  learned  its  falsity,  when  he  "  frankly 


Dwed    that   Senator   MeCrcery's    denial 


should  be 


of  that  the  rumor 


.3.  That  Col.  Jones  said  he 
had  "  seen  a  recommendation  of  Gen.  Bur- 
bridge  to  President  Johnson  for  office,  with 
the  names  of  Messrs.  McCreery,  Beck  and 
Golladay  signed  to  it" — which  Col.  J.,  in 
bitter  and  violent  language,  denied  saying. 
Congressman  James  B.  Beck,  in  a  letter, 
denied  that  he  withdrew  the  papers  in  the 
Burbridge  case  from  the  department  at 
Washington.  Gen.  Burbridge's  brother 
withdrew  the  papers,  and  gave  his  receipt 
for  them. 

March  30— The  15th  Amendment  to  the 
U.  S.  constitution  officially  proclaimed  by 
the  president  and  secretary  of  state. 

April  2 — Primary  election  in  Harrison 
CO.,  and  some  other  counties,  to  select  Dem- 
ocratic candidates  for  county  officers. 

April  14— Continuation  of  the  "Bur- 
bridge Imbroglio."  Long  reply  of  senator 
Thos.  C.  McCreery  to  Gov.  Stevenson's 
short  note  of  April  1,  in  reference  to  the 
reported  recommendation  by  him  of  Gen. 
Burbridge  for  U.  S.  internal  revenue  com- 
missioner. April  30— Gov.  Stevenson,  in 
an  address  "  To  the  People  of  Kentucky," 
replies  at  length  to  the  letter  of  senator 
McCreery — giving  letters  from  Stephen  F. 
J.  Trabue  and  Lewis  Castleman,  and  the 
correspondence  between  Gov.  S.  and  Col. 
Thos.  L.  Jones.  May  5— Elan  ton  Duncan, 
in  a  letter,  says  that  lie — at  the  suggestion 
of  gentlemen  who,  in  return  for  kindness 
shown  them  by  Gen.  Burbridge,  proposed 
to  assist  him  in  securing  a  vacant  position 
in  the  army — asked  representatives  Beck, 
Jones,  Trimble,  and  Knott,  if  they  would 
unite  in  recommending  Burbridge  to  the 
President  for  such  appointment;  but  each 
unequivocally  declined.  May  5  —  Short 
letter  from  Col.  Thos.  L.  Jones,  promising 
another.  May  12 — Senator  McCreery,  in 
a  long  communication  to  the  Louisville 
Courier- Journal,  replies  to  Gov.  Steven- 
son, and  adds  the  "  Dead  Duck"  letter. 
May  16— Col.  Thomas  Laurens  Jones  ad- 
dresses "To  the  People  of  Kentucky"  a 
very  long  reply  to  Gov.  Stevenson,  de- 
nouncing him  in  violent  language.  June 
15 — Very  short  response  of  Gov.  Steven- 
son to  Col.  Jones*  article  ;  he  closes  by 
saying:  "A  duel  I  will  not  fight.  For 
more  than  30  years  I  have  been  a  professor 
of  the  Christian  religion.  I  am  now  chief 
magistrate  of  the  state.  Nothing  can  in- 
duce me  to  stab  Christianity  or  trample 
upon  the  majesty  of  the  public  laws  which 
I  am  sworn  to  uphold."  July  5 — Col. 
Jones  again  replies,  in  a  tolerably  long 
and  severe  article.  July  15— Short  card 
from  Col.  James  Q.  Chenoweth,  who  pub- 
lishes the  whole  of  his  letter  to  Col.  Jones— 
to  prevent  a  misconception  of  his  position, 
and  of  his  relations  to  the  controversy, 
arising  from  Col.  Jones' publication  of  only 
a  part  of  the  same  letter.  July  19— Col. 
Thos.  L.  Jones  publishes  a  short  letter  in 
explanation  —  drawn  out  by  Col.  Cheno- 
weth's. 

April  14 — In  Clark  co.,  the  proposition 


204 


AXXALS    OF    KENTUCKV. 


1870. 


to  subscribe  $250,000  to  the  Lexington  and 
Big  Sandy  railroad  defeated  by  814  ma- 
jority, in  1,938  votes  cast;  and,  April  23, 
a  proposition  to  subscribe  to  the  railroad 
from  Paris  through  Winchester  to  Kich- 
mond  defeated  by  283  majority,  out  of 
1,547  votes. 

April  15  —  Steam  tow-boat  Raven  ex- 
plodes near  Newport;  3  men  killed,  and  a 
number  wounded. 

April  23— The  Paris  True  Kenluckian 
states  that  "Gen.  Burbridge  exerted  him- 
self more  than  any  other  Radical  at  Wash- 
ing city  to  have  the  disabilities  of  several 
prominent  Kentuckians  removed." 

April  25— Travelers  who  left  New  York 
city  by  railroad  at  9  p.m.,  Saturday,  reached 
Paris,  Bourbon  co.,  at  11:40  a.  m.,  on  Mon- 
day—887^  hours.  Travelers  who  left  New 
Orleans  on  Saturday  evening  reached  Lou- 
isville on  Monday  morning. 

April  25— Gen.  Jos.  H.  Lewis,  Democrat, 
elected  to  congress  in  the  Bowlinggreen 
district,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by 
the  resignation  of  Jacob  S.  Golladay  :  his 
majority  4,558  over  J.  H.  Lowry. 

April  25— Wm.  H.  Herndon,  of  Sprin 
field,  Illinois,  a  law  partner  of  Abraha 
Lincoln  before  his  election  as   presidei 
asserts  in  the  columns  of  the  Index,  a  Ra- 
tionalist paper  published  at  Toledo,  Ohio, 
that  Mr.  Lincoln  once  wrote  a  book — the 
MS.    of   which   was    lost   before   publica- 
tion—  in    which  he  "attacked  the  whole 
grounds  of  Christianity." 

April  26— Dr.  W.  S.  Chipley,  late  super- 
intendent of  the  Eastern  Lunatic  Asylum 
for  many  years,  purchases  the  beautiful 
country-seat  called  "  Duncania,"  3  miles 
north-east  of  Lexington,  to  found  there  an 
"institute    for    the    cure    of   mental   and 

April  28  — While  three  sons  of  J.  M. 
Bullock  and  a  Mr.  Blank  were  planting 
corn  in  a  field,  near  Rockcastle  river,  in 
Laurel  co.,  they  were  attacked  by  5  men, 
Wm.  Shelton,  Pleasant  Parker,  Daniel 
Parker,  Willis  Parker,  and  Alex.  Parker, 
jr.,  who  killed  Peter  H.  Bullock  and  se- 
verely wounded  his  brother.  May  13— .\ 
mob  of  about  70  masked  men  took  the 
Parkers  and  Shelton,  at  11  p.  ji.  from  the 
jail  at  London,  and  hung  four  to  one  tree, 
Alex.  Parker  escaping.  On  March  2  pre- 
viously, J.  M.  Bullock,  the  father,  had 
been  fired  on  from  the  brush,  and  badly 
wounded,  in  an  attempt  to  assassinate  him. 

April  29— Geo.  M.  Bedford,  of  Bourbon 
CO.,  sells  to  Wm.  Tarleton,  of  Oldham  co., 
the  2d  Duke  of  Goodness,  a  two-year-old 
short-horn  bull,  weighing  1,900  pounds, 
for  $3,000— the  highest  price  ever  paid  for 
a  Kentucky-bred  bull  of  any  age,  and  the 
heaviest  of  his  age  in  the  state. 

May  2— Death,  at  Lexington,  aged  60, 
of  D.  Carmichael  Wickliffe,  from  1838  to 
1865  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Lexing- 
ton Observer  and  Reporter.  In  1862-63, 
during  the  administration  of  Gov.  Jas.  F. 
Robinson,  he  was  secretary  of  state.  This 
did  not  s:ive  him  from  the  persecutions 
which  swept  over  the  state,  and  involved 


many  of  the  best  men,  during  the  last  year 
of  the  war;  he  was  one  of  the  original 
Union  men  who  had  to  flee  the  stale  to 
avoid  arrest  and  imprisonment,  and  closed 
his  editorial  career  as  a  Democrat. 

May  7 — Primary  election  in  Bourbon, 
Scott,  and  other  counties,  for  the  selection 
of  Democratic  candidates  for  county  offi- 
cers. 

May  20— At  the  Lexington  races,  Bu- 
ford's  Enquirer  won  the  two-mile  race  in 
3:35%- the  first  mile  having  been  mado 
by  Lyttleton  in  1:43^.  ^^^  b«st  time  made 
by  the  celebrated  Herzog. 

Mav  20— Hot  weather;  thermometer  90° 
to  103°  in  northern  Ky. 

May     —  and  Shy,  brothers, 

hung  by  a  mob,  for  killing  W.  R.  Proctor 
and  ,  at  Glasgow  Junction, 

Barren  co. 

June  8— Destructive  hailstorm  in  Bour- 
bon CO.,  3  miles  south  of  Paris. 

June  10— Celebration  by  about  6,000 
negroes,  at  Paris,  of  the  adoption  01  the 
15th  Amendment;  speeches  by  John  A. 
Prall,  R.  S.  Henderson,  and  Gen.  John  T. 
Croxton,  whites,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Straus, 
colored. 

June  18 — Anniversary  of  the  declaration 
of  war  against  Great  Britain,  in  1812.  5th 
annual  meeting  at  Paris,  of  soldiers  of  that 
war;  39  present.  June  22  —  Adjourned 
meeting  at  Paris  ;  85  present.  Many  of 
these  formed  an  excursion  to  Perrysburg 
and  Maumee  City,  Ohio,  and,  June  24,  re- 
visit Fort  Meigs  and  other  battle-grounds. 
June  18  to  22— Steamer  Natchez,  Capt. 
Thos.  P.  Leathers,  (a  native  of  Kenton 
CO.,  Ky.)  makes  the  quickest  run  ever 
made  from  New  Orleans  to  Cairo  and  St. 
Louis.  Her  time  was  as  follows  [Compare 
it  with  the  time  of  the  J.  M.  White  in  1844, 
and  A.  L.  Shotwell  and  Eclipse  each  in 
1853,  on  page  67  aafe]  : 

Days.  H.  Min. 

To  Baton  Rouge 8     62 

"  Bayou  Sara 11     02 

"  Natchez,  277  miles 17     51 

"  Vicksburg,  401  miles....         26     ... 

"  Napoleon 1     18     15 

"  Helena 2       2     35 

"  Memphis,  818  miles 2       9     40 

"  Hickman 3       1     43 

"  Cairo,  1,077  miles 3       4     34 

"  St.  Louis,  1,278  miles....  3  21  58 
June  25— Death,  at  Cynthiana,  aged48, 
of  Isaac  T.  Martin,  state  senator  from  Har- 
rison, Bourbon,  and  Robertson  counties. 
At  the  August  election,  1865,  at  Cynthiana, 
the  polls  by  order  of  Gen.  Palmer  were 
guarded  by  negro  soldiers,  whose  captain 
told  Martin  he  would  arrest  him  if  he 
voted.  Martin  defied  him  and  voted  ;  his 
spirit  animated  the  Democrats,  who  voted 
and  carried  the  county.  Martin  was 
marched  off"  under  a  negro  guard,  and  sent 
to  Barracks  No.  1,  Louisville — where  he 
bore  with  firmness  and  courage  the  hard- 
ships of  prison  life,  refusing  to  pay  the 
bribe  asked  for  his  release. 

June  —Population  of  the  state,  by  U.  S. 
census,  1,321,011 ;  whites  l,098,692,"black3 


1870. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


222,210  ;  of  the  whites,  63,398  were  forei(;n 
born;  increase  of  total  population  in  10 
years,  U}4  per  cent.;  decrease  of  black 
population,  nearly  6  per  cent. 

June  30  to  July  -1— Great  steamboat  race 
from  New  Orleans  to  St.  Louis,  between 
the  Robert  E.  Lee,  Capt.  John  W.  Cannon, 
and  the  Natchez,  Capt.  Thos.  P.  Leathers. 


folio 


Fron 


R.  E.  Lee. 


Donaldsonville,  78  m.  4  50 

Plaqucmine 1     i]4         7  12 

Baton  Rouge,  130  m.  8  25             8  31 

Bayou  Sara,  165  m...  10  26           10  38 

Red  River 12  56           13  ... 

Natchez,  277  m 17  11           17     4 

Rodney 20  45K 

Grand  Gulf,  340  m....  22     4 

Vieksburg,  401  m 1  ...  36       1   ...  56 

Lake  Providence 1     5  47 

Napoleon 1  16  20J^ 

AVhite  River 1  16  58 

Helena,  728  m 1  23  26       2  ...   34 

Memphis,  818  ra 2     6     9       2     7     6 

New  Madrid 2  19  50 

Hickman 2  22  25 

Columbus 2  23  21 

Cairo,  1,077  m 3     1    ...       3     2     8 

St.  Louis,  1,278  m....  3  18  14       4  ...  51 
The  fast  runs  from  New  Orleans  to  Cairo 
have  been  as  follows  : 

1844— J.  M.  White 3  6  44 

May  19,  185.3— Eclipse 3  4     4 

May  17,  1853- A.  L.  Shotwell....  3  3  57 
May,  1852— Reindeer. 


-De.x 


3  12  45 
3     8  28 

1868— Robert  E.  Lee 3     8  10 

June,  1870— Natchez 3     4  34 

July,     "    —Robert  E.  Lee 3     1   ... 

"     —Natchez 3     2     8 

The  following  have  been  the  quickest 
trips  from  New  Orleans  to  Natchez,  277 
miles,  and  to  Vicksburg,  401  miles  : 

To  Natchez.  To  Vickshurg. 

1844— J.  M.  White 20  40         1     5'  55 

185.3— Eclipse 19  46         14  10 

"      A.  L.  Shotwell...   19  48         14  11 

1855— Princess 17  30 

1870,  June— Natchez...   17  61         12  ... 

"      July— Natchez...  17  04         1   ...  56 

"  "  Rob't  E.Lee  17  11  1  ...  36 
1844— Sultana ]9  45 

"      Atlantic 18  42 

I860— Gen.  Quitman....  18  53         14  32 

The  quickest  trips  from  Memphis  to 
Cairo,  259  miles  : 

Hours.  Min. 

1865- Steamer  Mollie  Able 19     25 

1866—       '•         City  of  Alton 17     60 

1868—       "         Robert  E.  Lee 16     31 

The  time  from  New  Orleans  to  Louis- 
ville, 1,444  miles,  improved  steadily  from 
1817  to  1853,  but  not  since: 

1817— Enterprise 25  2     40 

"        Washington 25     

1819— Shelby 20  4     20 

1828— Paragon 18  10     ... 

1834— Teeumseh 8  4 


1840— Gen.  Brown 6     22     ... 

1842— Ed.  Shippen 5     14     ... 

184.3— Belle  of  the  West..     5     14     ... 

1844— Duke  of  Orleans....     5     23     ... 

1849— Sultana 5     12     ... 

1861— Bostona 5       8     ... 

1862— Belle  Key 4     20     ... 

1853— Reindeer 4     19     45 

"    —Eclipse 4       9     40 

"    —A.  L.  Shotwell 4       9     29 

"    —Eclipse 4       9     30 

1868— Dexter 4     22     40 

July  4— Drawing  of  the  Henderson  land 
scheme.  Capital  prize  of  525  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  §150,000,  and  $10,000  in 
cash,  drawn  by  R.  J.  McLaughlin,  Bra- 
shear  City,  La. 

July  14— U.S.  senate  passes  a  bill  grant- 
ing Mrs.  Abraham  Lincoln  a  pension  of 
$3,000  a  year.  13th— Senate  pa'ssed  a  bill 
appropriating  to  Ky.  University  $50,000  to 
reimburse  the  loss  of  the  old  Transylvania 
medical  hall  at  Lexington,  and  other  dam- 
ages by  Federal  soldiers. 

July  18— S.  W.  Birch,  of  Scott  CO.,  sells 
to  Eastern  parties  his  Abdallah  mare  for 
$10,000. 

July  24— Lady  Franklin,  widow  of  Sir 
John  Franklin,  the  Arctic  explorer,  visits 
Covington.  Her  visit  specially  was  to 
Capt.  C.  P.  Hall,  of  Cincinnati,  the  most 
recent  Arctic  explorer,  and  who  has  been 
more  successful  than  any  other  in  develop- 
ing the  fate  of  her  husband. 

July  27— Chas.  E.  Calvert,  of  Louisville, 
and  Miss  Lena  OrendufF,  of  Breckinridge 
CO.,  were  married,  to-day,  in  the  Mammoth 
Cave,  in  Edmonson  co.  The  place  of  cere- 
mony was  the  "  gothie  chapel,"  or  "bridal 
chamber."  The  bridal  party,  4  couples, 
proceeded  on  the  "  long  route,"  and  walked 
18  miles  underground,  before  returning  to 
the  hotel. 

July  28— The  chestnut  mare  Purity,  for- 
merly Lucy,  sold  in  Boston  for  $25,000  ; 
she  was  bred  by  L.  A.  Loder,  of  Peters- 
burg, Boone  co.,  Ky.,  and  trained  by  R. 
S.  Strader,  of  Bullittsville,  Boone  co.;  her 
first  trial  of  speed  was  3:17,  her  last  2:25 
against  a  high  wind. 

July  30— Col.  Thos.  Dickens  assassin- 
ated near  Memphis,  Tenn. — a  continuation 
of  a  bloody  feud  between  the  families  and 
members  of  the  former  wealthy  cotton  and 
slave-trading  firm  of  Bolton,Dickens  &.  Co., 
which  originated  in  the  enormous  expenses 
(said  to  be  over  $100,000)  of  the  "  McMillin 
trial ;"  or  the  trial  of  Isaac  L.  Bolton  for 
killing  James  McMillin,  of  Maysville, 
Ky.,  at  the  slave-pen  in  Memphis,  in  May, 
1867.  His  trial  took  place  after  he  had 
laid  in  prison  for  a  year,  at  Covington, 
Tipton  CO.,  Tenn.;  he  was  acquitted  by  a 
jury  every  one  of  whom,  it  is  claimed  and 
believed,  was  bribed.  Col.  Dickens's  was 
the  6th  death  by  murder  or  violence  since 
McMillin's  ;  he  was  the  only  survivor  of 
the  original  parties  or  partners. 


206 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


Aug.  1— Election  for  county  judges  and 
other  officers.  In  the  1st  district,  Wm. 
Lindsay  elected  judge  of  the  court  of  ap- 
peals. 

Aug.  1 — The  assessor's  books  show  the 
following  large  landholders  in  Bourbon  eo., 
where  the  selling  price  of  larfd  is  $100  to 
$150  per  acre:  Samuel  Clay  3,928  (besides 
several  hundred  in  Clark  co.,  and  1,200  in 
Nicholas  co.,)  Henry  T.  Duncan  (of  Lex- 
ington) 2,250,  Wm.  Buckner  1,417,  Brutus 
J.  Clay  1,276, Henry  C.Buckner  1,215,  J.W. 
Ferguson  1,176,  Jere.  Duncan  1,100,  Isaac 

B.  Sandusky  1,080. 

Aug.  2— Death,  at  St.  Louis,  aged  67, 
of  Jas.  Harrison,  of  the  firm  of  Harrison, 
Chouteau  &  Valle,  owners  of  the  great  Iron 
Mountain.  Mr.  H.  was  a  native  of  Bour- 
bon  CO.,  Ky.,  and  resided  there  until  grown. 

Aug.  5 — Death,  at  Cincinnati,  of  apo- 
plexy, of  Nicholas  Headington,  a  native 
of  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  resident  there  for 
many  years.  At  Cincinnati,  he  had  been 
judge  of  the  common  pleas  court,  and  was 
recently  tendered  the  U.  S.  district  judge- 
ship there.     He  was  buried  at  Lexington. 

Aug.  9— Kentucky  State  Teachers'  As- 
sociation in  annual  session  at  Russellville. 

Aug.  14 — Death,  at  Lexington,  of  "Wm. 

C.  Goodloe  ;  born  in  Madison  co.,  Oct.  7, 
1805  ;  graduated  at  Transylvania  Univer- 
sity in  1824  ;  studied  law  ;  was  appointed 
commonwealth's  attorney  by  Gov.  Met- 
calfe, between  1828  and  1832 ;  was  .ap- 
pointed circuit  judge  by  Gov.  Owsley,  in 
1846  ;  under  the  new  constitution,  was  elec- 
ted circuit  judge  in  1850,  and  re-elected  in 
1856  and  in  1862  ;  when  his  term  expired 
in  1868  he  had  held  that  office  for  22  years 
consecutively  ;  from  1868  to  1872,  he  prac- 
ticed law  and  w.asone  of  the  law  professors 
in  Ky.  University.  Several  of  his  acts  on 
the  bench — the  expulsion  from  the  bar  of 
Madison  co.  of  Squire  Turner  (who  was 
reinstated  by  the  court  of  appeals), "■■■■  the 
indignant  dismissal  of  some  indictments 
against  his  own  brother  and  other  political 
and  personal  friends  without  trial,  forwhich 
he  narrowly  escaped  impeachment  by  the 
legislature  f — and,  when  off  the  bench,  his 
advisory  conduct  during  the  Burbridge 
reign  of  terror  in  1864-65,  J  will  be  insep- 
arably linked  with  his  memory,  and  cast  a 
shadow  on  the  name  which  his  marked 
abilities  and  great  firmness  and  energy 
otherwise  made  for  him.  He  was,  during 
the  civil  war,  not  only  decided  and  uncom- 
promising, as  a  Union  man,  but  regarded 
as  violent. 

Aug.  15 — Proclamation  of  Gov.  Steven- 
son, deprecating  and  discountenancing  all 
forms  of  lawlessness,  and  appealing  to  the 
officers  of  the  law  to  rigidly  execute  the 
law,  and  to  the  people  to  uphold  them  in 
it;  also,  offering  $250  reward  for  the  arrest 
and  conviction  of  each  of  the  parties  guilty 
of  burning  certain  stacks  of  hay  and  grain, 
and    farm    buildings,    in    Woodford    and 


Franklin  counties;  and  $500  for  the  ar- 
rest and  conviction  of  each  of  the  per- 
sons guilty,  on  the  night  of  Aug.  lOlh,  of 
killing  two  negroes,  Wm.Turpin  and  Thos. 
Harper,  near  Versailles.  "  Mob  violence 
is  no  remedy  for  either  public  or  private 
wrong." 

Aug.  25 — A  negro,  Frank  Timherlake, 


Fie 


ang 


for 


young  lady. 

Sept.  3  — J.  Birney  Marshall,  a  well 
known  journalist,  in  Kentucky  and  other 
states,  brother  of  Gen.  Humphrey  Mar- 
shall, instantly  killed  at  Memphis,  by  fall- 
ing from  a  window,  at  night.  It  was  sup- 
posed that  while  sitting  in  the  window,  to 
cool  off  after  undressing,  preparatory  to 
retiring,  he  was  overcome  with  sleep. 

Sept.  — Death,  at  Lexington,  aged  77, 
of  David  A.  S.ayre,  a  successful  merchant 
and  banker,  and  a  philanthropist.  He  ex- 
pended $100,000  upon  the  Sayre  Institute, 
and  gave  to  other  benevolent  objects,  dur- 
ing his  lifetime,  probably  more  than  $200,- 
000  more.  He  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
but  settled  at  Lexington  when  ayoung  man. 

Sept.  8— In  the  circuit  court  at  Danville, 
Judge  Fox  dismisses  the  petition  and  cross- 
petition,  in  the  suit  of  Wm.  B.  Kinkead 
and  others  vs.  Jno.  L.  McKee  and  others — 
involving  the  right  of  the  two  sets  of  trus- 
tees (the  former  elected  by  the  Southern 
Presbyterian  synod  of  Ky.  and  the  latter 
by  the  Northern  Presbyterian  synod  of 
Ky.)  to  the  control  of  Centre  College. 
This  leaves  the  latter  in  possession.  Case 
appealed. 

Sept.  9— Death,  at  Hanover,New  Hamp- 
shire, aged  77,  of  Rev.  Nathan  Lord,  D.D., 
LL.D.,  for  35  yeiirs,  from  1828  to  1863, 
the  most  successful  and  conservative  pres- 
ident of  Dartmouth  College.  lie  was  about 
starting  on  a  visit  to  his  children  in  Ky., 
and  near  Cincinnati,  when  taken  down  by 
his  final  illness. 

Sept.  20— In  the  circuit  court  at  Coving- 
ton, Judge  John  W.  Menzies  decides  for 
the  defendants  the  suit  of  the  old  stock- 
holders of  the  Covington  and  Lexington 
Railroad  Company  vs.  R.  B.  Bowler's  heirs 
and  others — involving  the  title  to  the  pres- 
ent Ky.  Central  railroad. 

Sept.  20— 112th  asteroid  discovered,  at 
Hamilton  College  (N.  T.)  Observatory, 
and  named  Iphigenia. 

Sept.  23— Death,  in  Arkansas,  of  Wm. 
E.  Hughes,  long  one  of  the  editors  and 
proprietors  of  the  Louisville  Democrat. 

Oct.  1 — Northern  portion  of  the  three- 
story  brick  building  called  the  hemp  de- 
partment, in  the  penitentiary  at  Frankfort, 
destroyed  by  fire — together  with  the  en- 
gine, hackles,  looms,  chain-wheels,  filling- 
wheels,  heating-pipe  and  calendar  therein. 
Harry  I.  Todd,  the  present  lessee,  loses 
$10,000;  R.  B.  Hamilton,  of  Lexington, 
$8,000  ;  the  state  about  $37,000.  No  con- 
victs escaped.  The  building  was  promptly 
rebuilt,  at  $15,000  cost. 

Oct.  3— Great  fire  in  Frankfort,  destroy- 
ing the  Christian  church  and  two-thirds  of 
the   square  fronting  the  east  half  of  the 


1870. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


207 


Cnjiitol  gvounds;  loss  $113,000,  insurance 
$60,950. 

Oct.  4  to  S^Great  agricultural  fair  at 
St.  Louis,  Mo.;  over  100,000  people  present 
on  one  day  ;  gate  receipts  $25,700 ;  many 
premiums",  ranging  from  $20  to  $250  each, 
taken  hy  Kentuekians  for  the  finest  stock. 

Oct.  6— First  No.  issued  of  the  Lexington 
Dailti  Press,  edited  by  Henry  T.  Duncan, 
jr.,  Col.  Hart  Gibson,  and  ex-congressman 
Edwnrd  C.  Marshall. 

Oct.  8— Judge  Bland  Ballard,  in  the  U. 
S.  district  court  at  Louisville,  decides  that 
Messrs.  Triplett  and  Thompson,  of  Owens- 
boro — prosecuted  for  holding  office  contrary 
to  the  14th  Amendment,  and  not  yet  par- 
doned— must  vacate  their  oflBces.  Appeal 
taken  to  U.  S.  supreme  court. 

Oct.  10— "Cincinnati  Southern"  railroad 
convention  at  Lexington  ;  great  enthusi- 
asm ;  speeches  by  Col.  James,  of  Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn.,  Col.  R.  S.  Bevier  of  Rus- 
scUvillc,  and  Hon.  Henry  Stanbery  of 
Campbell  co. 

Oct.  12— Death,  at  Lexington,  Va.,  aged 
P.S,  of  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee,  president  of 
Washington  University.  [See  sketch,  un- 
der Lee  CO.] 

Oct.  28— Death,  at  Ripley,  0.,  aged  96, 
of  Col.  Geo.  Edwards,  a  soldier  of  the  In- 
dian wars,  and  colonel  of  the  2d  Ohio  reg- 
iment in  the  war  of  1812  ;  he  represented 
Brown  co.  in  the  Ohio  legislature  for  9 
years,  between  1820  and  1830.  He  settled 
at  Simon  Kenton'.-*  station,  near  Washing- 
ton, Mason  co.,  Ky.,  in  1786,  only  two 
years  after  it  was  built,  and  remained  in  it 
4  years  ;  then  settled  and  lived  outside  of 
the  station  until  1794,  when  he  removed 
across  the  Ohio  river,  purchased  1,000 
acres  of  Land,  and  laid  out  Aberdeen,  the 
"Gretna  Green"  of  Ky.,  opposite  Mays- 
ville.  He  so  named  it  for  the  city  of  his 
father's  birthplace,  Aberdeen,  Scotland. 

Oct.  31— In  the  absence  of  Gov.  Steven- 
son from  the  state,  Preston  H.  Leslie,  now 
(as  speaker  of  the  senate)  acting  governor, 
appoints  Thursday,  Nov.  24,  as  "  a  day  of 
solemn  public  thanksgiving." 

Nov.  8 — The  entire  Democratic  ticket 
elected  to  congress  : 

Dist.  Democrats.  Eepjtblicans. 

1.  E(I.Crosslaiid....7,930    Black 2,SS2 

CbirkiInit.Dem)l,4n2 

2.  H.  D.  McHenry  S,214    Koark B,«0 

3.  Jos.  H.  Lewis...  7, -lis    Carr 5,.V)3 

4..Wm.  B.Bead...  9,314    J.  M.  Fiddler 3,831 

5.  B.  Winchester  .10,5'.li|  James  Speed 5,42li 

6.  Wm.  E.Arthur  9,213  Thos.  Wrightson..  4,37S 

7.  Jas.  B.  Beck 14,312  Wm.  Brown 10,916 

8.  Geo.M.Adanis..l2,22S  Hugh  F.  Finlev....l2,2na 

9.  John  M.  Eice...  9,S23  Geo.  M.  Thomas...  C,4fi3 
Nov.  18  — Death,  at   H.arrodsburg,    of 

Geo.  W.  Kavanaugh,  judge  of  the  7th  ju- 

Nov.  23— Jesse  Crowe,  an  old  man  of  70 
years,  who  killed  young  Titus,  at  a  dance 
at  Fitchburg,  Estill  eo.,  taken  by  a  mob 
from  the  jail  at  Irvine  and  hung. 

N0V.2.S— Burning  of  the  Drennon  House, 
at  Covington  ;  several  guests  badly  burned  ; 
one  (L.  S.  Waugh,  of  Carlisle)  dies  from 

Nov.  26— Re-interment  at  Frankfort,  of 


the  remains  of  Thornton  Lafferty  and  two 
others.  (S.  Thos.  Hunt's  body  was  re- 
moved by  his  father,  AVm.  Hunt,  to  Mays- 
ville,  shortly  after  he  was  shot.)  [See 
ante,  pp.  145-6].  It  is  thus  described  in 
the  Yeomaji : 

"  The  funer.al  of  the  Burbridge  victims 
on  Saturday  last  was  the  largest  and  most 
interesting  ever  witnessed  in  this  city. 
At  S}4  p.  M.,  an  escort  of  250  men— con- 
sisting of  two  military  companies  from 
Lexington,  the  corps  of  cadets  from  the 
Kentucky  Military  Institute,  and  the  Val- 
ley Rifles  of  Frankfort— were  formed  in 
front  of  the  Capital  Hotel.  A  beautiful 
funeral  car,  adorned  with  evergreens  and 
white  flowers — upon  which  were  borne  the 
three  coffins  containing  the  remains — stood 
in  the  midst  of  these  soldiers.  All  the 
streets  were  crowded  with  citizens  on  foot 
and  in  vehicles  ;  and  when  the  procession 
moved  to  the  cemetery  the  city  was  almost 
entirely  deserted.  At  the  cemetery,  Elder 
Jos.  D.  Pickett,  of  Lexington,  offered  an 
earnest  and  eloquent  prayer  ;  after  which, 
three  volleys  of  musketry  were  fired  over 
the  graves,  and  the  procession  returned  to 
the  city. 

"  This  demonstration  had  no  semblance 
of  a  political  character.  It  was  not  de- 
signed to  inflame  the  passions  of  any  per- 
son or  party.  It  was  a  simple  act  of  jus- 
tice to  the  memory  of  three  innocent  men — 
whose  lives  were  taken  without  trial,  and 
without  the  authority  of  any  Christian  law 
or  precedent!  It  was  due  to  the  state  of 
Kentucky  and  to  the  government  of  the 
United  States  that  some  expression— tes- 
tifying a  belief  in  their  innocence,  .and  a 
horror  at  the  stivage  manner  of  their 
death  —  should  be  made  by  the  people. 
We  are  gl.ad  to  announce  that  it  has  been 
well  and  truly  done." 

Nov.  30 — Curious  correspondence  (7  let- 
ters) between  the  committees  of  the  two 
Synods  of  Ky.  (Northern  and  Southern)  in 
reference  to  "Some  plan  by  which  the  en- 
tire Presbyterian  church  in  Ky.  can  be 
united  in  the  hearty  support  of  Centre 
College." 

Dec.  4 — A  young  man,  Role  Tyree,taken 
from  his  father's  house,  in  the  upper  end 
of  Montgomery  co.,  by  4  or  5  men,  shot 
dead  and  buried.  The  alleged  murderers 
were  followed  into  Lewis  co.,  and  Bcnj. 
Frtinklin  killed  and  two  others  wounded 
and  taken  to  jail  at  Mountsterling.  Four 
of  the  pursuing  party  were  arrested  for  the 
murder  of  Franklin  j  two  were  acquitted 
by  the  examining  court,  the  others  not 
ready  for  tri.al ;  a  man  named  Mays  was 
bailed,  and  Murrell  Tyree,  not  being  able 
to  procure  bail,  placed  in  charge  of  an 
ofBcer  and  guard.  Dec.  14,  a  party  of  30 
or  more  armed  and  disguised  men  wrested 
him  from  the  guard  and  hung  him. 

Dee.  7— John  H.  Surratt,  whose  mother 
was  hung  on  a  false  charge  as  one  of  the 
participants  in  the  assassination  of  Pres- 
ident Lincoln,  declares,  in  a  public  lecture 
at  Rockville,  Maryland,  that  there  was 
"no    intention  to  kill  the  President,  but 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1871. 


only  to  kiilnap  and  carry  him  off  as  a  pris- 
oner into  tlie  Confedoracy." 

Dec.  1.3— Senator  Thos.  C.  McCrecry,  of 
Ky.,  cndenvors  to  introduce  into  the  U.  S. 

muval  and  re-interment  of  the  17,000  sol- 
diers biirii'd  on  part  of  the  Arlington  estate 
opposite  Washington  city  [directed  to  be 
buried  there  in  a  feeling  of  unworthy  spite- 
work],  and  the  negro  cabins  on  another 
part — in  order  that  it  ni.iy  be  given  up  to 
the  daughter  of  George  Washington  Parke 
Cu.-tis,  who  is  now  the  widow  of  Gen.  Rob- 
ert E.  Lee  ;  "  who  owns,  but  does  not  oc- 
cupy, the  home  of  her  fathers."  His 
speech  advocating  it  was  eloquent  and 
touching;  but  it  provoked  the  wordy  in- 
dignation of  senators,  who  possessed  less 
of  heart  and  of  justice  than  of  partisan 
prejudice.  The  senate  refused  to  receive 
the  resolution,  after  he  had  asked  leave  to 
withdraw  it,  by  a  vote  of  59  to  4. 

Dec.  15— On  July  1,  1869,  there  were  in 
bond  in  the  7th  (Lexington)  district  3,1.38,- 
091  gallons  of  whisky  ;  Oct.  1,  1870,  15 
months  after,  the  amount  had  been  reduced 
to  768,825  gallons. 

Dec.  — Benj.  Coffey,  of  Adair  eo.,  a 
commission  merchant  at  Lebanon,  Marion 
CO.,  commits  suicide  on  the  railroad  be- 
tween Cincinnati  and  Louisville— for  the 
express  purpose,  it  is  charged,  of  securing 
to  his  family  ^0,000  for  which  he  had  re- 
cently insured  his  life. 

Dec.  20  — "The  Moneyless  Man,"  a 
12mo.  volume  of  44  poems  by  Maj.  Henry 
T.Stanton, issued  from  the  Baltimore  press. 

Dec.  21 — Shaw's  hotel  and  the  business 
portion  of  Brandenburg,  Meade  co.,  de- 
stroyed by  fire. 

Dec.  2fi — John  R.  Alexander,  of  Paris, 
skated  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  48%  seconds, 
beating  two  young  men  in  a  buggy  drawn 
by  a  fast  trotting  horse.  A  young  man  in 
Covington  skated  from  opposite  9th  street, 
on  Licking  river,  up  to  a  point  opposite 
the  long  tunnel  on  the  Ky.  Central  rail- 
road, 1014  miles,  and  back,  in  2  hours. 

Dec.  28 — The  thermometer,  in  northern 
Ky.,  10°  below  zero. 

Dec.  31 — George,  a  negro,  taken  from 
jail  at  Cynthiana,  at  10  p.  M.,  by  about 
50  dis^-uised  men,  and  hung,  for  attempted 
rape  on  Mrs.  N.  Martin. 

1871,  Jan.  1— Over  12,000  members  of 
the  order  of  Good  Templars  in  Ky. 

Jan.  — A  negro  shoemaker,  named  Cu- 
pid, killed  by  17  "  Regulators"  or  Kuklux, 
near  Stamping  Ground,  Scott  co.  A  few 
miles  off,  near  Watkinsville,  they  attacked 
some  negroes  and  wounded  3,  but  the  ne- 
groes were  armed,  killed  one  and  wounded 
another  of  the  attacking  party,  driving 
them  off.  A  public  meeting  at  Georgetown 
denounced  the  outrages,  sympathized  with 
the  negroes,  and  called  upon  the  state  au- 
thorities to  arrest  and  punish  the  perpe- 
trators. 

Jan.  4 — Legislature  meets  in  adjourned 

session 26 — Instructs  Ky.  senators  in 

congress  and  requests  reprcsenlatives  to 
secure  the  passage  of  an  act  providing  pen- 


sions for  soldiers  of  the  war  of  1812 

Authorizes  turnpike  road  companies, except 
those  in  which  the  state  is  a  stockholder, 
to   subscribe  stock   in   new    branch  roads. 

Court  of  appeals  to  sit  every  juridical 

d.ay  except  during  the  months  of  July  and 
Aug..  and  from  Dec.  23  to  Jan.  2  ;  salary  of 

the  judges  raised  to  $5,000 31— Lien 

upon  horses  or  stock  fed  by  them  given  to 
livery  stable  keepers  in  Fayette,  Graves, 
Henderson,  Jefferson,  Jessamine,  Kenton, 
Log.in,  McCracken,  Mason,  Mercer,  Nel- 
son, Spencer,  and  "Woodford  counties. 

Jan.  5— Gov.  Stevenson's  message  says 
total  state  debt  {exclusive  of  school  bonds) 
on  Oct.  10,  1870,  was  $1,424,394  ;  of  which 
$68,394  is  past  due  and  awaiting  presenta- 
tion for  payment — interest  thereon  having 
ceased;  and  $309,300  is  the  balance  due 
for  military  bonds  due  in  1895.  To  meet 
this,  the  U.  S.  government  still  owes,  on 
advances  made  by  Ky.  during  the  war, 
$1,193,761:  and  the  state  has,  in  sinking 
fund  resources,  $2,539,297.  The  total  re- 
ceipts of  revenue,  in  year  ending  Oct.  10, 
1870,  were  $924,602,  and  tot.al  expendi- 
tures $1,082,639;  deficit  $85,889,  besides 
exhausting  balance  in  the  treasury  Oct.  10, 

1869,  $72,143,  This  was  caused  by  pay- 
ment of  $172,243,  in  part  of  extraordinary 
appropriations,  for  which  no  provision  was 
made  at  the  time.  The  balance  of  those 
extraordinary  appropriations,  notyetpaid, 
is  $193,201.  To  meet  these,  ho  recom- 
mends *'  a  slight  increased  rate  of  taxa- 
tion," rather  than  continued  temporary 
loans  from  the  sinking  fund. 

Jan.  7— Gov.  Stevenson,  deeming  it  un- 
constitutional, returned  to  the  house,  with 
his  veto,  a  bill  relieving  Benj.  Evans,  of 
Garrard  co.,  of  all  disabilities  as  a  minor, 
and  investing  him  with  all  the  civil  rights 
and  privileges  of  a  person  21  years  of  age. 
The  house  unanimously  (71  voting)  sus- 
tained the  veto.  Three  other  local  bills 
.also,  passed  at  the  close  of  the  last  session, 
were    vetoed,    and    the    vetoes    sustained 

Jan.  11 — A  communication  to  the  senate 
from  Samuel  B.  Churchill,  secretary  of 
state,  shows  the  amount  of  interest  paid 
by  the  state  from  Oct.  11, 1869,  to  Oct.  10, 

1870,  $187,839. 

Jan.  12 — Legislature  elects  Jno.  Martin, 
jr.,  public  binder— Martin  67,  Edmund  P. 
Noble  58.  [John  C.  Noble  was  elected  by 
the  last  legislature,  but  subsequently  re- 
signed, owing  to  his  disabilities  under  the 
XVth  Amenilment  to  the  U.  S.  constitu- 
tion ;  the  governor  appointed  his  son,  E. 
P.  Noble,  to  fill  the  vacancy  until  this 
meeting  of  the  legislature.] 

Jan.  19— The  ten-per-oent.  convention.al 
interest  bill  defeated  in  the  house,  which 
body,  by  47  to  44,  passed  a  substitute  sub- 
mitting the  question  to  a  vote  of  the  peo- 
ple. The  senate  refused  to  concur  ;  but 
passed  a  bill,  by  15  to  12,  which  also  passed 
the  house,  March  9,  by  41  to  27.  The 
house,  by  26  to  41,  refused  to  make  the 
rate  8  per  cent.     [See  p.  210.] 

Jan.  21,  22,  23  — At  least  five  fires,  of 


1871. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


209 


barns,  stnbles,  haystacks,  Jcc,  by  a  bund 
of  incendiaries  (supposed  to  be  negroes), 
iie.Tr  the  Richmond  pike,  southeast  of  Lex- 
ington ;  and,  in  Lexington,  the  passenger 
depot  of  the  Ky.  Central  railroad. 

Jan.  22— Kuklux  outrages  and  insults  at 
Athens,  Fayette  oo.,  and  in  other  neigh- 
borhoods in  central  Ky.  Their  conduct 
boldly  condemned  by  the  press. 

Jan.  25— The  Cincinnati  Southern  rail- 
way bill — authorising  the  trustees  thereof, 
Miles  Greenwood,  Kiohard  M.  Bishop,  Wm. 
Hooper,  Philip  Heidelbach,  and  E.  Alex. 
Ferguson,  [all  citizens  of  Cincinnati,]  to 
construct  and  maintain  a  line  of  railway 
from  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  across  the  state  of 
Ky.  in  the  direction  of  Chattanooga,  Ten- 
nessee— was  rejected,  yeas  43,  nays  44. 
Jan.  26— By  48  to  4.3,  the  house  reconsid- 
ered the  vote,  and  passed  the  bill,  by  yeas 
46,  nays  45.  The  senate,  on  Feb.  8,  re- 
jected it,  by  yeas  12,  nays  23.  [This  bill 
is  for  the  same  purpose  as  that  rejected  by 
the  legislature  last  year.  The  city  of  Cin- 
cinnati has  authorized  the  issue  of  $10,- 
000,000  of  bonds  to  build  a  grand  trunk 
railroad  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  near  the 
Alabama  state  line.] 

Jan.  25— Mile.  Christine  Nillsson,  the 
Swedish  prima  rfo7in«,  gives  a  concert  in 
Louisville. 

Jan.  26— Assault  on  the  U.  S.  mail  agent 
(a  negro  named  Wm.  H.  Gibson)  on  board 
the  train  of  the  Lexington  and  Louisville 
railroad,  at  North  Benson  depot,  Shelby 
CO.,  by  a  drunken  man,  who  turned  out  to 
be  a  Republican,  and  was  one  of  a  party 
of  4;  ho  had  first  been  disarmed  by  his 
own  party.*  The  agent  was  not  injured 
bodily,  but  badly  frightened.  The  matter 
was  investigated,  by  order  of  Gov.  Steven- 
son, and  the  result  reported,  Jan.  31,  in  a 
message  to  the  legislature.*  The  post- 
master general  ordered  a  guard  of  10  white 
U.  S.  soldiers  to  travel  back  and  forth, 
every  day,  in  the  mail  car — who  appeared 
at  the  door  with  muskets,  whenever  the 
train  stopped.  M.arch  2d,  U.  S.  marshal 
Eli  H.  Murray ,t  then  in  attendance  at  a 
a  Republican  caucus  at  Frankfort,  tele- 
graphed '*to  Gen.  Terry,  commander,  or 
Col.  Absalom  H.  Markland,  [U.  S.  special 
mail  agent],  Louisville,"  that  **  trouble  is 
apprehended,  it  is  suggested  to  double  the 
guard  on  the  mail  trains  to-morrow  ;"  but 
the  latter.t  March  3d,  telegraphed  to  the 
postmaster  general  that  "  to  prevent  vio- 
lence and  bloodshed,  he  had  withdrawn 
the  mails  from  the  Louisville  and  Lexing- 
ton railroad  route."  For  about  one  month 
no  mail  was  allowed  to  be  received  or  sent 
by  that  route,  notwithstanding  the  legis- 
lature was  in  session  at  Frankfort,  and 
much  important  business  was  thereby  ob- 
structed. The  negro  mail  agent  was  ap- 
pointed upon  the  recommendation  of  ex- 
U.  S.  attorney  general  James  Speed,  and 


1.11.270.     AlB0,Jli„. 

5  U.S.  senate,  March  18,  and  Jas.  B.  Beck's  let- 

•,  March  19,  to  postmaster  general  Ureswell. 


'vVfi 


of  U.  S.  district  attorney,  Col.  Geo.  C. 
Wharton. t  The  general  government  made 
it  the  occasion  of  sending  troops  into  Ky., 
and  President  Grant  the  occasion,  also,  of 
a  special  message  to  congress,  March  23, 
"  recommending  additional  legislation,  as 
his  power  was  not  sufficient  for  the  present 

Jan.  27— Speech  of  J.  Proctor  Knott,  of 
Ky.,  in  the  U.  S.  house  of  representatives, 
on  the  resolution  to  extend  the  time  to 
construct  a  railroad  from  St.  Croix  river  to 
the  west  end  of  Lake  Superior  and  to  Bay- 
field— since  popularly  known  as  his  "  Du- 
luth  speech, "which  immortalizes  that  town 
by  its  keen  ridicule,  broad  humor,  and  in- 
imitable bathos.  No  speech  in  this  day 
and  generation,  has  been  so  universally 
published,  read,  and  enjoyed. 

Jan.  27 — Harsh  and  ungene'rous  denun- 
ciation, by  several  newspapers,  and  by 
many  citizens  of  Jessamine  co.,  of  Thos. 
T.  Cogar,  representative  from  that  county, 
because  of  his  vote  against  the  Cincinnati 
Southern  railroad  bill  on  Jan.  25th  and 
26th.  Jan.  30th,  Mr.  C.  tendered  his  res- 
ignation to  the  house,  saying  he  hivd  been 
instructed  to  vote  for  the  hill  with  5  Ky. 
directors,  which  amendment  he  voted  for, 
but  that  failing,  he  was  not  willing  to  vote 
for  the  bill  so  unrestricted.  The  house 
sympathized  with  him  in  his  persecution, 
and  many  of  the  strongest  advocates  of  the 
bill,  admiring  his  independence  and  con- 
sistency, persuaded  him  to  withdraw  his 
resignation.  He  was  the  most  aged  mem- 
ber of  the  house,  except  one. 

Feb.  1— The  house  where  Henry  Clay 
was  born,  on  April  12,  1777,  destroyed  by 
fire  ;  it  was  near  the  old  Slash  church,  in 
Hanover  co.,  Va.,  about  five  miles  from 
Ashland. 

Feb.  1— Meeting  of  sheriffs  at  Frankfort, 

in  the  mode  of  < 

Feb.l— Chief  justice  Geo.  Robertson,  of, 
Lexington,  aged  SO,  has  been  supposed  to 
be  the  oldest  member  of  U.  S.  congress 
living;  but  Enos  T.  Thorp,  who  was  in 
congress  two  years  earlier,  1815-17,  is  still 
living  in  New  York  city,  aged  86;  and 
Samuel  Thatcher,  of  Bangor,  Maine,  who 
was  a  representative  from  Massachusetts 
in  1802-05,  survives,  aged  nearly  95. 

Feb.  2— Judge  Geo.  Robertson,  while  on 
the  bench  of  the  court  of  appeals  at  Frank- 
fort, stricken  with  paralysis. 

Feb.  2 — There  were  raised  in  Ky.,  in 
1869,  106,720,948  pounds  of  tobacco,  and 
in  1870,  98,754,320  pounds.  Christian  \i 
the  largest  tobacco  producing  county,  and 
Montgomery  the  sm.allest. 

Of  corn,  in  1869,  were  raised  38,183,404, 
and  in  1870,  47,122,586  bushels. 

The  total  value  of  property  in  Ky.,  in 
1868,  as  assessed  for  taxation,  was  $406,- 
275,778,  and  in  1870,  $409,209,061. 

Feb.  3 — The  legislature,  by  a  unanimous 
vote,  assumes  the  support  by  the  state  of 
Mrs.  Olivia  Stewart,  a  confirmed  and  hope- 
less lunatic  for  over  35  years,  of  which  30 
years  had  been  spent  in  the  Eastern  Lu- 


I.. .14 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


1871. 


natic  Asylum — where  her  busbaml,  now  70 
years  old  and  barely  able  to  support  him- 
self, has  paid  in  that  time,  for  her  board 
alone,  $4,38S,  a  sum  the  interest  of  which 
would  more  than  support  her.  [What  a 
lesson  of  love,  of  duty,  of  patience,  of  hope, 
and  of  faithful  working,  and  watching, 
and  waiting  I] 

Feb.  4— Death,  at  Richmond,  aged  83, 
of  Judge  Daniel  Breck.  [See  sketch,  un- 
der Madison  co.] 

Feb,  4 — Main  building,  including  din- 
ing-room and  ball-room,  at  the  Springs, 
Crab  Orchard,  Lincoln  CO.,  destroyed  by 
fire  —  the  work  of  an  incendiary;  loss 
$30,000. 

Feb.  7— D.  Howard  Smith,  state  auditor, 
reports  to  the  house  the  settlement  made, 
July  11,  1870,  of  the  accounts  of  Newton 
Craig,  former  keeper  of  the  penitentiary — 
by  a  special  commission  under  the  act  of 
Feb.  22,  1870,  and  approved  by  Gov.  Ste- 
venson. The  commission  found  $4,262  due 
him  on  Aug.  30, 1844,  and  $5,557  on  March 
1,  1847,  and  allowed  him  interest;  total 
paid  him  $21,826.  [Slow  justice  1  and  per- 
severingly  sought  for  over  25  years  !] 

Feb.  7— The  report  of  the  commission- 
ers for  the  improvement  of  the  Big  Sandy 
river — Geo.  N.  Brown,  Jas.  A.  Barrett, 
Jay  H.  Northup,  Nelson  Hamilton,  and 
■\Vm.  J.  May— and  that  of  their  civil  en- 
gineer, Col.  J.  R.  Straughan — show  the 
mode  of  expending  the  state  appropria- 
tion of  $75,000,  on  about  165  miles  of  that 
river,  and  the  Tug  fork  up  to  the  mouth 
of  Wolf  creek  (above  Warficld,)  and  the 
Louisa  or  AVest  fork  above  Pikeviile.  In 
the  fulls  of  Tug,  a  chute  was  cut  60  feet 
wide  in  a  solid  rock,  with  a  slope  so  as  to 
.admit  the  passage  of  boats ;  during  the 
lowest  water,  last  season,  this  chute  con- 
tained 18  inches  of  water.  Six  steamboats 
now  run  in  Big  Sandy,  the  greater  portion 
of  the  year.  The  exports  have  more  than 
doubled  in  the  last  5  years.  The  lands 
have  greatly  enhanced  in  value.  From 
the  mouth  at  Catlettsburg  to  Louisa,  27% 
miles,  the  fall  is  1.02  feet  per  mile  ;  thence, 
on  the  West  fork  to  Paint  creek,  39% 
miles,  1.33  feet  per  mile  ;  and  from  Louisa 
to  Wolf  creek,  on  the  Tug  fork,  351^  miles, 
1.64  feet  per  mile.  The  estimated  cost  of  7 
locks  and  dams,  on  the  main  stream  and 
West  fork,  is  $354,200,  and  of  5  on  the 
Tug  fork  $214,900.  Exports  from  the  Big 
Sandy  valley,  for  year  ending  July  1,1870, 
$1,219,000.  The  Peach  Orchard  coal,  the 
cannel  coal,  and  the  block-coal  (now  best 
known  at  Ashland  and  used  in  the  raw 
state  for  smelling  iron  ore),  are  among  the 
finest  in  the  world,  and  could  be  brought 
out  in  immense  quantities — if  5  locks  and 
dams  were  built. 

Feb.  9 — The  stale  appropriations,  since 
1833,  in  aid  of  turnpikes— so  far  as  now 
represented  by  stock — have  been  as  follows, 
as  reported  by  the  auditor  in  answer  to  a 
resolution  of  the  house.  [These  are  evi- 
dently the  macadamized  roads,  in  which 
the  state  is  a  stockholder;  and  do  not  em- 
brace many  state  appropriations  for  dirt 


roads  in  the  mountain  counties.]  The 
whole  amount  paid  by  the  state  in  the  888 
miles  of  roads  below  is  $2,539,473— or  an 
average  of  $2,860  of  state  aid  per  mile. 
In  some  of  these,  the  state  paid  one-half 
the  stock,  in  others  much  more  than  half. 
The  Maysville  and  Lexington  road,  64 
miles,  cost  $426,400,  or  $6,662>^  per  mile 
— which  included  an  unusual  number  of 
fine  bridges.  This  is  the  road  which 
President  Jackson  immortalized,  by  his 
celebrated  veto  in  1830  of  the  "  iMays- 
ville   road   bill,"    granting    congressional 

finest  on  the  continent':  p^j^  ^^^ 

Location  of  Road.  Miles.     State. 

Maysville  and  Lexington 64  $213,200 

Maysville  and  Mountsterling.  50       88,072 

Maysville  and  Bracken  co 18       25,948 

Louisville,  via  Frankfort  and 

Harrodsburg,  to  Crab  Or- 
chard  .-. 97     248,113 

Frankfort  to  Lexington 27       78,122 

Frankfort  to  Georgetown 17       58,725 

Lexington    to   Danville   and 

Lancaster 42     151,382 

Lexington  to  Winchester 18       45,100 

Lexington  to  Covington 85     200,405 

Lexington  to  Richmond 25       75,383 

Lexington  to  Harrodsburg  and 

Perryville 42     109,646 

Versailles  to  Anderson  CO 12       20,000 

Louisville  to  Tennessee  line, 

via  mouth  of  Salt  river,  Eliz- 

abethtown,    Bell's  Tavern, 

and  Bowlinggreen 143     441,383 

Louisville  to  Tennessee  line, 

via  Bardstown  and  Glasgow. 134  500,210 
Bardstown,  via  Springfield  and 

Lebanon,  to  Green  CO 43       79,208 

Logan,  Todd  and  Christian...  76     149,429 

Feb.  9— Legislature  enacts  that  hereafter 
the  same  tax  per  capita,  and  the  same  rate 
of  taxation  on  real  and  personal  estate 
(except  taxes  for  common  school  purposes), 
shall  be  collected  of  all  the  negroes  and 
mulattoes  in  this  commonwealth  as  of  the 
white  population,  and  no  other. 

Feb.  10 — Ripe  oranges  gathered,  in  New 
Liberty,  Owen  co.,  from  a  tree  raised  in 
the  residence  of  Mr.  Hartsuff. 

Feb.  11— Jno.  Q.  Carlisle  introduces  into 
the  senate  a  bill  to  exempt  not  exceeding 
$100  of  the  wages  of  every  laborer,  with  a 
family  dependent  on  him,  from  attachment 
or  other  process  for  the  collection  of  debts. 
March  20,  it  passed  the  senate,  but  was  not 
acted  on  in  the  house. 

Feb.  11— Legislature  raises  to  $3,000  the 

salaries  of  circuit  and  other  like  judges 

17 — Provides  for  clearing  out  so  much  of 
Licking   river  as  lies  in  Morgan  or  Jla- 

gotfin  counties 22 — Repeals  the  court 

of  common  pleas  in  Fulton,  Graves,  Hick- 
man, and  Marshall  counties 22— Re- 
quires railroad  ticket  cilices  to  be  kept 
open  for  one  hour  next  before  departure  of 

trains Special  appropriation  of  ^.'JjOOO 

to  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  $9,500  to  East- 
ern Lunatic  Asylum,  $5,500  to  Western 
Lunatic  Asylum,  and  $2,500  to  the  state 
House  of  Reform Requests  congress 


ISTl. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


211 


to  pass  a  law  of  general  amnesty 28 — 

Kect'iver  and  commissioner  of  Louisville 
chancery  court  to  be  appointed  and  re- 
moved at  discretion  of  chancellor. 

Feb.  12— Dr.  A.  Pownall,  of  Sand  Hill, 
Lewis  CO.,  drowned  while  being  immersed 
in  Crooked  creek,  by  Eev.  J.  B.  Hough, 
of  the  Christian  church  ;  both  stepped  into 
an  unknown  otFset  or  deep  hole  in  the 
creek ;  Dr.  P.  could  not  swim,  and  was 
swept  by  the  current  under  a  flood-gate. 

Feb.  12,' 15— Public  meetings  at  Lex- 
ington, Covington,  Danville,  Harrodsburg, 
and  other  places,  denouncing  the  legisla- 
ture for  refusing  to  charter  the  Cincinnati 
Southern  railway  ;  and  appealing  to  con- 
gress to  grant  the  charter.  Memorials, 
numerously  signed,  urging  such  action  by 
congress.  Feb.  25 — James  B.  Beck,  con- 
gressm.an  from  the  Le.tington  district,  in 
an  able  letter  to  his  constituents,  discusses 
the  question,  and  although  a  warm  friend 
of  the  road,  refuses  to  vote  for  such  an  in- 
fraction of  state  sovereignty  and  rights. 

Feb.  13— Gov.  Stevenson  resigns,  and 
Preston  H.  Leslie,  president  of  the  senate 
and  .acting  lieutenant-governor,  is  inaugu- 
rated governor. 

Feb.  1-1  —  In  the  house,  the  testimony 
bill — allowing  p<arties  in  interest,  persons 
charged  with  crime,  and  negroes,  to  tes- 
tify—  was  postponed  until  March  15th 
[indefinitely],  by  46  to  25. 

Feb.  15— Louisville  Daily  Ledger  issued. 

Feb.  16— A  negro,  convicted  of  theft, 
sentenced  by  Judge  Thomas,  in  the  circuit 
court  .It  Lexington,  to  receive  18  stripes  on 
his  bare  back. 

Feb.  16— Grand  farewell  banquet  to  the 
retiring  governor  John  AV.  Stevenson,  by 
the  citizens  of  Frankfort;  and,  Feb.  22, 
similar  banquet  of  welcome  by  the  citizens 
of  Louisville,  the  proposed  residence  of 
Gov.  S. 

Feb.  16— G.  A.  C.  Holt  elected  speaker 
of  the  senate  (and  acting-lieutenant  gov- 
ernor) on  the  14th  ballot,  receiving  18 
votes,  John  G.  Carlisle  16.  During  the 
ballotings,  which  lasted  .3  days,  Oscar  Tur- 
ner received  as  high  as  14,  Lyttleton  Cooke 
7,  A.  G.  Talbott  8,  and  Robert  A.  Burton 
16  votes. 

Feb.  18— D.  Howard  Smith,  state  audi- 
tor, reports  to  the  senate  the  indebtedness 
of  the  several  counties,  cities,  and  towns 
in  Ky.  for  the  construction  of  railroads. 
The  total  amount,  deducting  several  sums 
voted  to  railroads  since  abandoned,  $13,- 
783,983— distributed  as  follows  : 

In  the  Covington  and  Lexington  (now 
Ky.  Central)  K.  R.— Bourbon  co.  $47,000, 
Fayette  co.  $132,000,  city  of  Covington 
$470,000,  Pendleton  co.  $70,000  —  total 
$7)9,000. 

In  the  Maysville  and  Lexington  R.  R.— 
Bourbon  CO.  $180,333,  Fayette  CO.  $124,000, 
Mason  co.  $157,000,  city  of  Maysville 
$95,000,  Nicholas  co.  $30,000,  and  town 
of  Carlisle  $15,000— total  $601,333. 

In  the  iMaysville  and  Big  Sandy  R.  R.— 
Mason  co.  $48,000,  city  of  Maysville  $25,- 
000— total  $73,000. 


In  the  Lexington  and  Big  Sandy  R.R.— 
Bath, CO.  $136,000,  Clark  co.  $149,000,  city 
of  Lexington  g99,000,  Montgomery  co. 
^200, 000— total  1584,000. 

In  the  Lexington  and  Danville  R.  R.— 
Boyle  CO.  ^84,000,  Fayette  co.  81134,000- 
total  $218,000. 

In  the  Richmond  branch  of  the  Louis- 
ville and  Nashville  R.  R.— Garrard  co. 
$317,000,  Madison  co.  $400,000 —  total 
$717,000. 

In  the  Bardstown  branch  of  same  —  3 
precincts  in  Nelson  co.  $60,000. 

In  the  Glasgow  branch  of  same — one 
precinct  in  Barron  co.  $100,000,  town  of 
Glasgow  $25,000— total  $125,000. 

In  the  Lebanon  branch  of  same — Marion 
CO.  $50,000,  city  of  Louisville  $558,000— 
total  $608,000. 

In  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  R.  R., 
main  line— Hardin  co.  $200,000,  Elizabeth- 
town  $75,000,  Hart  co.  $75,000,  Logan  co. 
$236,400,  Simpson  co.  $26,000,  Warren  co. 
$142,900,  city  of  Louisville  $1,310,000— 
total  $2,065,300. 

In  the  Louisville  and  Jeffersonville  (In- 
diana) R.  R.— City  of  Louisville  $167,000. 

In  the  Louisville  and  St.  Louis  Air-Line 
R.  R.— City  of  Louisville  $500,000. 

In  the  Shelbyville  branch  of  the  Louis- 
ville, Cincinnati  and  Lexington  R.  R.— 
Part  of  Shelby  co.  $300,000,  city  of  Louis- 
ville $90,000— total  $390,000. 

In  the  Cumberland  and  Ohio  R.  R. — 
Allen  CO.  $300,000,  Green  co.  $250,000, 
Marion  co.  $300,000,  Lebanon  precinct  in 
Marion  co.  $50,000,  Shelby  co.  $400,000, 
"  0,000,  Taylor  co.  $250,000, 
$400,000— total  $2,200,000. 

In  the  Elizabethtown  and  Paducah  R. 
R.— Caldwell  co.  $398,000,  Grayson  co. 
$200,000,  Lyon  co.  $200,000,  McCracken 
CO.  $500,000,  Mublenburg  co.  $100,000, 
city  of  Louisville  $1.000,000  — total  $2,- 
698,000. 

In  the  Owensboro  and  Russellville  K. 
R.— Daviess  co.  $307,350,  city  of  Owens- 
boro $75,000,  Logan  co.  $500,000,  two  pre- 
cincts in  McLean  co.  $65,000— total  $947,- 
350. 

In  the  Ev.ansville,  Henderson  and  Nash- 
ville R.  R.— Christian  co.,  $200,000,  city 
of  Hopkinsville  $25,000,  city  of  Hender- 
son $300,000,  Hopkins  co.  $150,000,  1  pre- 
cinct in  Todd  co.  $4,000— total  $679,000. 

In  the  Madisonville  and  Shawneetown 
R.  R.— Nebo  precinct  in  Hopkins  co.  $15,- 
000,  town  of  Madisonville  $25,000,  two 
precincts  in  Webster  co.  $65,000— total 
$105,000. 

In  the  New  Orleans  and  Ohio  R.  R.— 
McCr.acken  co.  $100,000,  city  of  Paducah 
$200,000— total  $300,000. 

In  the  Nashville  and  Northwestern  R. 
R.— City  of  Hickman,  Fulton  co.,  $27,000. 

Feb.  22 — Ky.  Central  railroad  incorpo- 
rated. March  20  —  Charter  amended,  so 
as  to  allow  it  to  extend  the  road,  build 
branches,  and  consolidate. 

Feb.  23— Jacob  Lighter,  of  Clay  Village, 
Shelby  co.— who  was  .nrrested  by  the  Fed- 
eral authorities,  Jan.  27,  on   a  charge  of 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1871, 


complicity  in  Kuklux  raids  in  Franklin 
CO.  (because  of  acknowledgments  and  rev- 
elations on  some  of  his  associates  made  by 
himself,  while  under  arrest  for  violating  a 
city  ordinance  of  Frankfort)  and  released 
on  bail — is  persuaded  to  accompany  10 
men,  from  his  home,  and  next  morning  is 
found  hanging  lifeless  to  a  tree,  half  a 
mile  from  the  village. 

Feb.  25 — -In  making  excavations  at 
Monroe,  Michigan,  which  is  near  the  spot 
where  the  disastrous  battle  of  the  River 
Eaisin  was  fought  in  181.3,  30  human 
skulls  and  numerous  bones  were  exhumed 
— the  remains  of  brave  Kentuckians  who 
were  massacred  by  Indians  there. 

Feb.  27— Judges  Wm.  S.  Pryor,  of  the 
Frankfort  circuit,  Horatio  W.  Bruce,  of 
the  Louisville  circuit,  J.  Cripps  Wickliffe, 
of  the  Bardstown  circuit,  and  other  circuit 
judges,  declare,  on  the  bench,  in  favor  of 
a  law  allowing  negro  testimony. 

March  1— A  bill  appropriating  $30,000 
to  the  improvement  of  Tradewater  river 
failed,  in  the  house,  for  want  of  the  con- 
stitutional majority  ;  ye.is  38.  nays  31. 

March  2— By  yeas  4,  nays  69,  the  house 
rejected  the  bill  appropriating  $3,000  per 
year,  for  three  years,  to  the  State  Agri- 
cultural Society. 

March  2 — Legislature  callsupon  Ky. sen- 
ators and  representatives  in  congress  to  op- 
pose the  passage  by  that  body  of  the  "Fer- 
guson bill,"  or  bill  to  construct  the  Cincin- 
nati Southern  railway  across  the  state  of 
Ky.  against  the  consent  of  the  Ky.  legisla- 
ture  3— After  notice  in  writing,  served 

on  barkeeper,  not  to  sell  or  give  liquor  to 
an  inebriate,  the  wife  or  any  relative  can 
recover  $20  for  each  offense Commis- 
sioners of  sinking  fund  authorized  to  sell 
all    turnpike  stock  of  the  state,  so  .as    to 

realize  at  least  $200,000  for  it March 

9— $55,000  appropriated  to  finish  the  fire- 
proof offices  at  Frankfort 10 — Gov- 
ernor to  appoint  3  commissioners  to  revise 

the  statute  laws  and  codes  of  practice 

Good  school  houses  directed  to  be  built  in 
the  8th  and  9th  congressional  districts, 
except  in  the  counties  of  Bath,  Fleming, 
Lewis,  Madison,  Mason,  and  Wayne,  and 
special    poll-tax    authorized    to    pay    for 

same 11 — Commercial  and  Farmers' 

Banks  of  Ky.  authorized  to  subscribe  half 

their  capital  stock  in  National  Banks 

13— $28,311  appropriated  to  build  4  ware- 
houses for  penitentiary Common  school 

act  amended,  so  as  to  pay  to  county  school 
commissioner  $100,  and  1  per  cent,  on 
whole  amount  of  school  tax  due  to  each 
county,  and  $3  for  each  school  district; 
also,  when  school  fund  insufficient  to  pay  a 
teacher  for  full  session,  the  deficit  to  be 
apportioned    among   the    patrons    of    the 

school 14  — After  Sept.   1,  1871,  10 

per  cent,  interest  made  legal,  if  contract  is 
in  writing,  but  after  death  of  obligor,  after 
maturity,  only  6  per  cent.;  if  more  than 
10  per  cent,  be  charged,  the  whole  interest 

shall  be  forfeited 16  —  Incorporated 

banks  of  Ky.  authorized  to  purchase  bills 
or    notes   payable    at  their  own    or  other 


banks,  and  to  receive  in  pledge  or  secur- 
ity articles  of  value,  or  bills  of  exchange 
or  notes;  before  selling  collaterals,  debtor 
to    be    notified    in    writing   ten    days    or 

more County    courts    authorized    to 

change  precinct  lines  or  establish  new 
precincts    or    change    voting    places,    but 

not  within  60  days  before  election 

17 — AVhen  stock  killed  on  railroad,  owner 
may  notify  nearest  station  agent,  and  ap- 
ply to  justice  of  the  peace  to  appoint  3 
housekeepers  to  assess  the  damages;  if 
railroad  company  fail  for  90  days  to  pay 
this  verdict,  owner  may  sue,  and  if  he  re- 
judgment  for  full  amount  assessed, 


day,  Feb.  22,  and  July  4,  occur  on  Sunday, 
then  Monday  shall  be  observed  as  a  holiday; 
but  notes  and  bills  shall  be  presented  for 
pay  men  tor  acceptance  on  Saturday. ..Chan- 
cery court  established  in  Bracken,  Camp- 
bell, Kenton,  and  Pendleton  counties 

21 — Persons  10  days  before  applying  for 
tavern  license  must  put  up  4  public  notices 
near  by,  and  1  upon  the  court-house  door. 

Two  years  further  time  after  April 

1,  1871,  allowed  civil  ofiBcers  for  collecting 

fee  bills 22— Unlawful  to  sell  or  give 

liquor  to  minors,  without  written  consent 
of  father  or  guardian,  under  penalty  of  $50 
fine  .and  $20  attorney  fee,  forfeiture  of 
license,  ic;  in  addition,  father  or  guardian 
may  sue  for  and  recover  $100  damages  and 

$25  attorney  fee,  on  each  set  of  facts 

Scalp  laws  repealed,  from  and  after  Jan.  1, 

1872 County  attorneys  to  be  notified, 

and  then  bound,  to  attend  and  prosecute 
charges  of  felony  before  examining  courts  ; 

on  failnre,  to  be  fined  from  $50  to  $200 

Railroads  to  make  cattle-guards  at  least  3 
feet  deep  and  6  feet  wide,  Ac Gov- 
ernor authorized,  if  necessary,  to  borrow 
from  the  sinking  fund  not  exceeding  $500,- 
000,  in  aid  of  the  ordinary  state  revenue. 

It  is  lawful  to  carry  concealed  deadly 

weapons  by  sheriffs,  constables,  marshals, 
and  policemen,  and  by  others,  1.  Where 
the  person  has  reasonable  grounds  to  be- 
lieve his  person,  or  that  of  some  of  his 
family,  or  his  property,  is  in  danger  from 
violence  or  crime,  or  2.  Where  the  person 
is  required  by  his  business  or  occupation 
to  travel  during  the  night,  then  the  carry- 
ing during  such  travel;  all  other  persons 
carrying  concealed  weapons,  other  than  an 
ordinary  pocket-knife,  shall  be  fined,  on 
"-' '-"—    from  $25  to  $100, 


first 

prisoned  from  30  to  60  days,  or  both  ;  and 
for  subsequent  convictions",  fined  from  $100 
to $400,  and  imprisoned  from  2  to  3  months, 
or  both.  Officers  required  under  penalty 
of  $100  fine  to  arrest  offenders  within  their 
knowledge,  and  take  them  before  justice 

for   trial Sheriffs  to  pay  to  auditor 

taxes  as  fast  as  collected,  on  Oct.  1 ,  Dec.  1, 
and  Feb.  1,  paying  balance  in  full  on 
April  1  ;  all  persons  not  paying  by  latter 

date,  to  pay  5   per  cent,  additional 

23 — Boys  between  8  and  17  years,  when 
convicted  of  crime  less  than  murder,  to  be 
sent    to    state    house  of   reform;    but    not 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


girls,   until  provision  be  made    there   for 

taking  care  of  them State  debt  to  be 

negotiated  for  and  purchased  [it  is  not  yet 
due],  by  agent,  to  be  appointed  by  the  gov- 
ernor  15 — Life  insurance  companies 

may  make  special  deposits  of  securities  in 
Insurance  Department 20 — Superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction  directed  to 
purchase  of  Richard  H.  Collins,  at  $4  each, 
enough  copies  of  his  new  and  enlarged  edi- 
tion of  Judge  Collins'  Historical  Sketches 
of  Kentucky  to  supply  one  to  each  com- 
mon school  district— for  the  use  of  the  chil- 
dren, and  as  a  foundation  for  the  district 
library,  provided  for  by  law — "  portions 
of  which  history  may  be  read  to  them  every 
day  by  their  teacher,  or,  as  a  reading  les- 
son, by  the  older  scholars  and  best  read- 
ers;" any  school  district,  at  the  election 
for  trustees  on  April  1,  1871,  may  by  vote 
refuse  to  purchase  the  book.  [Passed  the 
house,  March  1,  by  yeas  53,  nays  18,  and 
the  senate,  March  8,  by  yeas  25,  nays  6  ; 
and  "became  a  law,  March  20,  the  gov- 
ernor having  failed  to  sign  or  return,  as 
required  by  the  Constitution."] 

March  3 — Thompson  Scroggins,  in  jail 
at  Frankfort  on  a  charge  of  killing  a  col- 
ored man  named  Henry  Trumbo,  is  released 
by  an  armed  but  undisguised  force  of  about 
75  strangers,  who  both  came  into  and  left 
the  town  by  different  directions.  The 
grand  jury  of  Franklin  Co.,  for  want  of 
legal  testimony  (the  only  witnesses  being 
negroes),  had  failed  to  indict  him.  The 
mob  were  determined  that  he  should  not 
be  punished  by  the  Federal  court  upon 
the  testimony  of  negroes,  and  so  rescued 
him.       • 

March  6 — A  public  meeting  at  Paris  op- 
poses the  incorporation  by  congress  of  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  railway — because  ex- 
ceeding the  powers  of  that  body,  and  an 
infraction  of  state  rights ;  and  endorses 
the  united  action  of  the  Ky.  senators  and 
representatives  against  it. 

of  common  pleas  at  Louisville,  negro  tes- 
timony admitted  by  consent  of  parties. 

March  9— A  fire  at  Richmo.nd,  Madison 
CO.,  destroys  almost  a  square  of  buildings, 
including  2  hotels,  post  olBce,  and  several 
fine  stores  ;  loss  $150,000. 

March  9 — Legislature  adopts  resolutions 
to  purchase,  at  $500,  Nevil  Cain's  portrait 
of  chiefjustieeGeo.Robertson,  for  the  court 

room  of  the  court  of  appeals 16 — Of 

sympathy  with  O'Donovan  Rossa  and  other 
Irish  exiles  recently  arrived  in  this  coun- 
try  18 — In  memory  of  Judge  Daniel 

Breck,  recently  deceased 21— Of  thanks 

to  the  Democracy  of  New  Hampshire,  for 
recent  victory  in  state  elections. 

March  9— U.  S.  house  of  representatives 
passes  the  hill,  which  passed  the  senate 
last  July,  known  as  McCreery's  disability 
bill,  which,  among  many  from  other  states, 
relieves  from  political  disabilities  the  fol- 
lowing Kentuckians  : 

Jefferaon  county :     Theo.  L.  Buinett, 
Ben.  Berry,  G.  B.  Eustin, 

S.  P.  Breckinridge,    Joshua  F.  Bullitt, 


Thos.  T.  H.awkins,  Graves  county: 

Jilson  P.  Johnson,  N.  M.  Cargill. 

Clinton  McCIarty,  Hardin  county: 
Crawford  McCIarty,  Martin  H.  Cofer. 

Cyrus  McCIarty,  Henry  county  : 

Charlton  Morgan,  Geo.  M.  Jessee, 

P.  S.  Shott,  E.  S.  Pryor, 

I.  M.  St.  John.  Ben.  E.  Selby. 

Anderson  county  :  Hopkins  county: 

Dr.  Landon  Carter.  John  Couch, 

Barren  county:  A.  J.  Sisk. 

V.  H.  Jones,  Lincoln  county; 

Preston  H.  Leslie.  R.J.Breckinridge, jr. 

Bourbon  county:  Madison  county; 

Thos.  E.  Moore.  Jas.  B.  McCreary, 

Bracken  county:  Thos.  J.  Tharp. 

J.  .T.  Schonlfield.  Magojffin  county; 

Caldwell  county  :  D.  D.  Sublett. 

Wm.  Carter,  Marion  count i/ ; 

Thos.  N.  Pickering.  Thos.  L.  Foster, 

Calloway  county:  Jesse  S.  Taylor. 

P.  M.Ellison,  Marshall  county  ! 

D.  Maltheson.  Philip  Darnell, 

Carroll  county  :  J.  C.  Gilbert, 

W.  C.  Ellis,  John  L.  Irvin. 

R.  F.  Harrison,  McCracken  county  ; 

Cyrus  Hawkes,  S.  0.  Brice, 

Thos.  McElrath.  N.  M.  Greenwood, 

Christian  county  ;  Thos.  D.  Grundy, 

John  D.  Morris.  John  C.  Noble. 

Clark  county:  Montgomery  county; 

John  Catherwood.  John  Ficklin, 

Daviess  county:  John  S.  Williams. 

Wm.  H.  Clark,  Morgan  county  ; 

T.  E.  Crutcher,  John  E.  Cooper, 

Baker  Floyd,  W.Co.l, 

Graham  Hughes,  John  T.  Hazlerigg. 

Thos.  C.  Jones,  Nicholas  county: 

J.  0.  Shott,  John  A.  Campbell. 

John  P.  Thompson,  Owen  county  ; 

Chas.  S.  Todd,  jr.,  Thos.  A.  Ireland. 

Geo.  W.  Triplett.  Scott  county  ; 

Fayette  county  :  James  E.  Cantrill. 

Dr.  D.  L.  Price.  Todd  county  : 

Franklin  county:  R.  F.  Allison. 

John  B.  Major,  Warren  count,/  : 

John  Rodman,  Geo.  Abies, 

Fulton  county:  James  P.  Bates, 

J.  H.  Roulhac.  Wm.  L.  Dulaney. 

March  14— Montgomery  co.,  by  998  fur 
and  381  against,  votes  a  subscription  of 
$250,000  to  the  Lexington  and  Big  Sanity 

March  18— Death,  in  Fnyette  co.,  aged 
68,  of  Thos.  H.  Clay,  second  son  of  Henry 
Clay.  In  1863,  he  was  U.  S.  minister  res- 
ident to  Nicaragua,  and  afterwards  trans- 
ferred to  Honduras. 

March  20— The  senate,  by  15  to  9,  refuses 
to  refund  to  Jessamine  co.  $18,603  already 
paid  in  part  of  her  $100,000  subscription 
to  the  Kentucky  River  Navigation  Com- 
pany and  expended  by  the  latter — which 
subscription,  in  the  case  of  Garrard  co., 
the  court  of  appeals  declared  unconstilu- 

March  24— Death,  at  Cincinnati,  0.,  aged 
76,  of  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Taliaferro,  a  distin- 
guished physician  and  oculist,  a  resident 
of  Ky.  for  30  years,  and  a  soldier  of  the 
war  of  1812.      [See  page  176.] 

April  4— Death,  at  Maysville,  aged  OS, 


214 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


of  John  D.  Tavlor.  He  grailuiited,  with 
high  honor,  in  1824,  at  Transylvania  Uni 
versitv  :  studied  law  ;  practiced  for  several 
years  "at  Terre  Unute,  Ind..  nnd  was  the 
peer  in  success  and  brilliancy  and  ability 
at  the  bar,  of  a  number  of  Indisina's  great 
est  men,  governors,  judges,  and  U.  S.  sen 


Mason  CO.  in  the  Constituti. 
of  1849,  and  in  the  state  senate;  was  re 
markable  for  vivacity  and  wit,  for  readi 
ness  and  humor,  at  the  bar  and  on  the 
stump;  if  his  ambition  had  equaled  hi^ 
ability  he  would  have  been  one  of  the  lead- 
ing men  of  Ky. 

April  6— Judge  Wm.  H.  Randall,  of  the 
Barboursville,  Knox  co.,  circuit,  in  hi^ 
charge  to  the  grand  jury,  announces  hi= 
intention  to  admit  negro  testimony  —  as 
legal  under  the  recent  XlVth  Amendment 
of  the  U.  S.  Constitution. 

April  10— Completion  of  the  Pittsburgh 
and  Connellsville  railroad,  giving  Pitts 
burgh  direct  connection  with  Baltimore,  in 
325  miles;  cost  of  the  road  $8,000,000, 
finished  under  the  energetic  presidency  of 
Wm.  Oden  Hughart,  a  native  of  Bourbon 
CO.,  Ky.,  and  resident  there  until  about 
1852. 

April  15— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged  77 
of  ex-chief  justice  Thomas  A.  Marshall 
[See  sUetch,  under  Jefferson  CO.] 

April  20— Hailstones  fall,  in  Bath  Co., 
over  a  scope  of  country  J^th  of  a  raile 
wide,  as  large  as  hen  eggs;  in  one  house, 
penetrating  through  the  roof  into  the 
rooms  below. 

April  26  — Louisville,  Cincinnati,  and 
Lexington  railroad  agrees  to  change  its 
gauge  from  5  feet  to  4  feet  834  inches — to 
correspond  with  that  of  the  Eastern  roads, 
and  cause  a  break  of  gauge  at  Louisville 
instead  of  at  Cincinnati. 

May  1— In  the  6th  Internal  Revenue 
(Covington)  district,  $5,000,834  have  been 
collected  in  two  years :  From  distilled 
spirits  $3,296,486;  tobacco  $577,980,  beer 
$54,941,  assessor's  lists  $1,069,423;  and 
yet  congress  will  not  appropriate  $100,- 
000  for  government  buildings  at  Coving- 
May  3,  4 — Democratic  state  convention, 
largest  ever  held  in  Ky.,  in  session  at 
Frankfort;  about  1,250  accredited  dele- 
gates in  attendance  ;  113  out  of  116  coun- 
ties represented ;  Preston  H.  Leslie,  of 
Barren  co.,  nominated  for  governor,  on  the 
Bth  ballot:  Leslie  688,  J.  Proctor  Knott 
432.  On  some  of  the  previous  b.aIlotings, 
John  Young  Brown  had  received  as  high 
as  297,  John  Q.  A.  King  237,  Geo.  W. 
Craddock  140,  Thos.  L.  Jones  152,  Rich- 
ard M.  Spalding  62.  For  lieutenant  gov- 
ernor, John  U.  Carlisle,  of  Covington,  re- 
ceived the  highest  vote  on  the  Ist  ballot; 
Samuel  L.  Gciger,  Emery  AVhitaker,  Ed- 
ward W.  Turner,  James  L.  Allen,  Boo.  W. 
Silvertoolh,  Samuel  I.  M.  Major,  and  olh- 

nominated    unanimously,  by    changes   of 
votes,  before  the  2d  ballot  closed. 

May  11 — Re-interment,  with  imposing 


ceremonies,  at  Crab  Orchard,  Lincoln  co., 
ot  the  unkn   wn  S  uthern  sjl  l.era  who  fell 

It  the  bittle     f  \\ildcit,  in  lSh2 

Mn  11— Killed  in  tbi  hght  between 
the  men  In  m  I  ur  U  ^  wir  ^ti.  iraers  and 
the  Cort-iiis  (inhil-itints  of  Core  i  i  laige 
peninaulv  bOO  milto  long  iiid  140  miles 
wide  in  noith  istein  Asia  between  the 
sea  of  Japnn  and  the  -iellow  sen  nnl  with 
1  populTtion  ol  Tbont  1  000  000  ,  Lieut. 
Hu„'h  W  Mdvce,!)!  Levingt  n,  k\  aged 
27  He  WIS  the  first  man  to  uiter  the 
fortress,  from  which  the  ittuK  wis  m  ide 
by  the  Core  ini  Hio  falhei  Col  Vim  R. 
McKee,  fell  nobh  at  the  bittle  of  Buena 
Vista,  jMeiieo,  Feb    2  5,1847 

May  12  — Judge  Miitin  H  Cifer,  at 
Bi  indcnbuig   'Meuieco  ,chaigeb  the  ci  md 

luiy  to  heir  the  testimon>  i  t  negioes  in  a 
cise  wheie  a  white  min  is  -ic  used  ot  ma- 
liciously euttins   ind    i\    un  li 


ith 


the 


es  that 


of  appeil  ,  in  Lowlin  r*  1  ht 
wealth,  2  Bu  h,  p  t  wa  in  i  li 
adiption  cf  the  \IVth  idm  ii  1 
tannot  affLCl  the  question  whetb 


npete 


May  14— Death,  at  Baton  Rouge,  La., 
aged  80,  of  Col.  Charles  8.  T"d.i,  of  Kv. 
[See  sketch,  under  SbcUiv  '■'<.! 

May  17— Republican  SI:;.  •.  •  -  ■■'. 
Frankfort ;  86  counties  rt-i:  1  :  -l 

everheld  in  the  state  ;  (5fii.  .:■!  M.  1;  .m 
nominated  by  ncclamatiun  !i.i  i;.'.ci;.  ii, 
and  Col.  Goo.  M.  Thomat  for  lieutciiaat- 

May  19 — Gov.  Leslie  issues  his  procla- 
mation offering  $500  reward  for  the  appre- 
hension and  delivery  to  the  jailerof  Frank- 
lin CO.  of  each  of  the  persons  concerned  ii^ 
the  jail  deliverv  of  Thompson  Scroggins, 
on  Feb.  24th.    "[See  p.  213.] 

May  25— Of  the  332  students  at  Wash- 
ington-Lee Univorsitv,  Va.,  30,  or  nearly 
one-ninth,  are  from  Kentuckv. 

June7— Annual  meetingHfih.'Ky. Press 
Association  at  OwensboiH  :<  I  1,  !  '  u  \\-;.:i- 
pers  represented;  addr<,<-  )  .  i  .  i;  ir 
M.  Kelly,  and   poem   bv   I  -       ■, . 

both  of  the  Louisville  P.-       '       '. 

grand  banquet  by  the  c-ilizi  n-  :  ;t  iilu--  i>f 
welcome  by  ex-U.  S.  seiiatnr  .AI  i Ci  ci-i  v. 

Jnnc  l6_l>eath.  nt  Wmrli-tn.  '::.n^d 
115,  of  Aunt  Lvdia  Whili.-i^.-.  a   c:\.;ed 


liberal  pruvisiim  fur  Iiit.  At  the  time  of 
her  death,  she  h;id  a  beautiful  and  perfect 
set  of  teeth,  her  '■  sec.nd  eyesight"  was 
remarkably  keen,  and  her  mind  was  clear 
and  comprehensive. 

June  12— Col.  D.  Howard  Smith,  auditor 


187 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


of  state,  publishes  a  statement  of  the  debt 
owing  by  the  state, 

O*;'-  1».  1867 $4,611,199  46 

Accumulated  school  surplus 

from  Oct.  10,  1867,  to  May 

20,  1871 19,789  27 


$4,630,988  7a 
Deduct  slate  bonds  redeemed 
from  Oct.  10,  1867,  to  May 
20,1871 1,767,508  00 

Total  state   debt.    May    20, 

1871 $2,863,480  73 

Of  this,  $1,6.')2,086.73  is  due  to  the  school 
fund  as  a  permanent  loan,  and  eannot  be 
redeemed.  The  balance  is  the  state  debt 
proper,  $1,21 1,394;  and  is  to  be  paid,  as  it 
matures,  by  the  sinking  fund,  which  now 
amounts  to  $2,589,345.02— leaving  a  bal- 
ance of  available  resources  over  indebted- 
ness of  $1,377,951.02,  without  includin.^ 
nearly  $1,200,000  duo  to  the  state  by  the 
general  government,  for  advances  made 
during  the  war,  and  which  is  now  in  pro- 
cess of  collection. 

June  16— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged  70, 
of  Fortunatus  Cosby,  a  man  of  marked 
literary  taste,  and  a  poet.  He  was  for 
several  years  D.  S.  consul  at  Geneva,  Swit- 


July  1 
le  Den 


re-count,  by  the  state  cer 
of  the  vote  cast.  May  31,  i 


ister  of  the  land  office,  it  was  found  that 
Jas.  A.  Dawson  had  received  425  and  J. 
Alex.  Grant  349  votes.  Col.  Dawson  was 
again  declared  the  candidate,  but  resigned; 
and  Mr.  Grant  was  nominated  to  fill  the 


"uly  2— Recent  extensive  s 
■k:  By  A.J.Alexander 
nmeter,  in  Wuodford  co 


21— Eeunio 
of  the  war  of  i 


5,487  ye 

June  21— Capt.  Thos.  S.  Theobald,  of 
Frankfort,  aged  79,  receives  a  pension  cer- 
tificate as  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  1812  — 
the  first  issued  to  a  Kentuckian.  and  enti- 
tling him  to  $8  per  month.  He  was  1st 
lieutenant  in  Morrill's  company  of  Ky. 
mounted  rifles. 

June  25— Col.  Peter  Saxe,  one  of  the  ed- 
itors of  the  Troy  (New  York)  Press,  spent 
8  weeks  in  Ky.,  purchasing  fine  stock  ;  he 
bought  23  short-horn  bulls  and  heifers,  of 
which  19  were  thoroughbred  "American 
Herd  Book"  registered,  selected  from  8 
herds  ;  and  160  head  of  thoroughbred  Cots- 
wold  ewes  and  rams,  from  35  folds.  He 
shipped  them  to  California  and  Oregon— 
the  largest  exportation  in  number  and  cost 
ever  made  from  Ky. 

June  26— About  12  men— not  Kuklux, 
but  most  of  them  ex-laborers  in  the  collier- 
ies and  mines  at  the  Red  River  iron  works, 
and  Radicals  from  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio, 
who  had  been  thrown  out  of  employment 
by  negroes  underworking  them  — attack 
BonaparteVaughan's  negro  boarding  house 
at  Fitehburg,  Estill  co.,  and  are  twice  driv- 
en off,  with  loss  of  two  killed  ( Fugate 

and  Pat.  Spradling),  a  third  dies  from°his 
wounds,  and  several  others  are  wounded. 
Company  A,  16th  U.  S.  infantry,  is  sent  to 
and  stationed  at  the  iron  works. 

July  1—1,624  practicing  lawyers  in  Ky 
of  which  in  the  county  of  Jefferson  221  in 
Kenton  56,  Payette  42,  McCracken  35 
Daviess  27,  Warren  25,  Campbell  23  Chris ' 
tian  23,  Henderson  21,  Perry  none! 

July  1— Teachers'  institutes  being  held 


rthe 


Ky. 


lies  of  blooded 
and  John  M. 
,  J.  W.  Hunt 
eynokls  in  Franklin  co.,  E.  6.  Bedford 
id  Harvey  Rice  in   Bourbon  co.,  B.  F.  & 
.  Vannicter  in  Clark  co.,  and  others. 
July  3  — Near  New  Bethel   church,  in 
northern  part  of  AVashington  co.,  two  mar- 
ried white  men  waylay  and  outrage  a  little 
girl  of  14  years,  and  threaten  to  kill  her 
if  she  informs  on  them. 

July  -Eastern  Ky.  railroad  recently 
finished  to  Grayson,  Carter  co. 

July  5— John  Harper's  Longfellow  wins 
the  2K-mile  race  at  Long  Branch  in  4:41  J<, 
winning  a  purse  of  $2,250.  Mr.  H.  refuses 
$60,000  for  him. 

July  10  — Great  sale  of  suburban  real 
estate  at  Louisville— the  Parkland  subdi- 
vision ;  2,000  people  in  attendance  :  prices 
$4  to  $12  per  foot. 

July  15— At  the  Saratoga  (N.  Y.)  races, 
Longfellow  wins  the  2J4-mile  race  in  4:2%, 
beating  Kingfisher  ;  the  first  mile  was  made 
in  1:40  and  1:41,  and  Longfellow  made  the 
second  in  1:42.  Harry  Bassett  won  a  ]>< 
mile  dash  in  2:21%,  and  Frogtown  another 
l^i  mile  dash  in  2:21  J^.  All  Ky.  horses, 
or  raised  in  Ky. 

July  24— Death,  in  Washington  city, 
aged  85,  of  Charles  Dyke  ;  he  was  engineer 
on  Robert  Fulton's  first  steamer  from  New 
York  to  Albany,  and  also  on  the  first 
steamer  down  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi 
rivers  to  New  Orleans. 

July  28— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged  53, 
of  apoplexy,  of  Brig.  Gen.  Jeremiah  Tilford 
Boyle  ;  son  of  chief  justice  John  Boyle, 
and  born  in  what  was  then  Mercer  (now  in 
Boyle)  county,  Ky.;  graduated  at  Prince- 
ton College,  N.J.,  and  at  the  Transylvania 
law  school,  Lexington,  Ky.;  practiced  law 
at  Danville  from  1841  to  1861;  entered 
the  Federal  army,  and  in  1862  was  made 
a  brig.adier-general,  and  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  district  of  Kentucky.  One 
of  his  orders,  which  will  never  be  forgot- 
ten—assessing  upon    rebel    sympathizers 

any  damages  done  by  rebel  marauders 

was  taken  advantage  of  by  bad  men,  and 
used  to  oppress.     He  projected  the  street 
'Iway  system  of  Louisville  ;  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Louisville  City  railway;  and 
Evansville,    Henderson,    and 
Nashville  railroad,  which  owes  to  hii 
ergy  and  abilities  its  timely  eomp 
Aug.  1  — On    the    farm,  near   Morgan, 
Pendleton    co.,    of  John     Hart,  are    now 
growing  some  stalks  of  timothy  fi  feet  A)4 
inches  high,  clover  4  feet  8>^  inches,  and 
corn  13  feet  S}4  inches,  with  3  good  ears 


5  great 


^ch. 


Aug.  1-Th 


U.  S.  census  de 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


1871. 


ops  the  astounding  fact  that  there  are  in 
Ky.  201,077  whites  and  131,050  colored 
persons,  10  years  old  and  over,  who  cannot 
write,  of  whom  157,239  are  males  and  174,- 
888  females  ;   43,826  white  males  over  21 

Aug.  5— Death,  at  Kansas  city,  Missouri, 
aged  134,  of  Jacob  Fournais — supposed  to 
be  the  oldest  man  in  the  United  States.  He 
was  a  man  grown,  working  in  the  woods 
near  Quebec,  when  Gen.  Wolfe  was  killed 
there  on  the  heights  of  Abraham,  Sept.  14, 
1758;  was  in  New  Orleans,  at  the  time  of 
the  battle  there,  Jan.  8,  1815,  and  although 
offering  to  fight,  was  refused  enlistment — 
which  he  ever  after  laughed  at  as  a  great 
joke  ;  was  the  last  survivor  of  the  great 
expedition  under  two  Kentuckians,  Merri- 
wether  Lewis  and  Wm.  Clark,  in  1803-07, 
when,  by  order  of  the  U.  S.  government, 
they  explored  the  Missouri  river,  and  the 
Columbia  river  in  Oregon.  He  was  never 
sick,  and  only  a  few  minute?  before  he 
died  was  walking  about  his  room. 

Aug.  6,  7— Gauge  of  the  Louisville,  Cin- 
cinnati, and  Lexington  railroad  reduced, 
from  5  feet,  to  4  feet  S%  inches,  through- 
out the  entire  distance,  174  miles,  within 
24  hours  ;  800  men  were  employed  at  it. 

Aug.  7— Election  of  state  officers  :  For 
governor,  Preston  H.  Leslie  126,455,  John 
M.  Harlan  89,299-maj.  37,156;  for  lieu- 
tenant governor,  John  G.  Carlisle  125,955, 
Geo.  M.  Thomas  86,148— maj.  39,807;  for 
attorney  general,  John  Rodm.an  125,576, 
Wm.  Brown,  85.531— m.nj.  40,045;  for  au- 
ditor, D.  Howard  Smith  125,612,  William 
Krippenstapel  85,280  — maj.  40,332;  for 
treasurer,  Jas.  W.  Tate  125,541,  S.  Smith 
Fry  85,522— maj.  40,019;  for  register  of 
the  land  office,  J.  Alex.  Grant  124,813, 
Jos.  K.  McClarty  84,833— maj.  39,980  ;  for 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  Rev. 
Howard  A.  M.  Henderson,  D.D.,  125,552, 
Rev.  Wm.  M.  Pratt  81,954,  W.  E.  Mobley 
2,012— Henderson  over  Pratt  43,598.  The 
first-named  are  Democrats ;  the  second- 
named  Republicans.  The  next  legislature 
will  consist  of  35  Democrats  and  3  Repub- 
licans in  the  senate,  and  82  Democrats  and 
18  Republicans  in  the  house. 

Aug.  7— After  the  close  of  the  polls  at 
the  Market  House  precinct  in  Frankfort, 
without  provocation,  the  negroes  fire  across 
the  whites,  killing  Capt. 


Wn 


D.   Giln 


N. 


isho 


and  wounding  two  others,  besides  injuring 
several  by  throwing  stones  ;  one  mulatto 
leader,  Henry  Washington,  was  shot  and 
severely  wounded.  A  military  company 
•was  called  out,  and  continued  under  arms. 

Aug.  7  —  Scott  CO.  votes  to  subscribe 
$300,000  to  the  Frankfort,  Paris,  and  Big 
Sandy  railroad,  by  218  majority. 

Aug.  7— At  Paris,  Bourbon  co.,  a  diffi- 
culty occurred  at  the  polls,  in  the  course 
of  which  city  marshal  Dillion  was  shot, 
not  dangerously.  The  crowd  instantly 
scattered,  but  both  whites  and  negroes  re- 
turned in  a  few  minutes  well  armed.  Mayor 
B.  F.  PuUen  earnestly  exerted  himself  to 
calm  the  excited  crowd;  and  the  Lexing- 


ton train,  two  hours  later,  brought  a  sqund 
of  U.  S.  soldiers,  who  promptly  ofi'ercd  to 
assist  the  civil  authorities. 

Aug.  7 — Riot  at  Lexington,  just  after 
the  close  of  the  polls:  firing  begun  by  a 
negro,  it  is  supposed  accidentally,  when 
shooting  became  general  and  indiscrimi- 
nate ;  several  persons  wounded  ;  two  ne- 
groes, at  a  distance  from  the  scene,  mor- 
tally wounded  ;  a  company  of  State  Guards 
and  another  of  U.  S.  troops  were  soon 
upon  the  ground,  but  the  disturbance  was 

Aug.  7— Owen  co.,  by  686  for  and  1,815 
against,  votes  down  the  proposed  tax  for 

Aug.  7— At  the  election  to-day,  25  coun- 
ties out  of  the  116  in  Ky.,  are  carried  by 
the  Republicans — in  nearly  every  case  by 
the  negro  vote. 

Aug.  8— At  Frankfort,  early  this  a.  m., 
two  negroes  hung  by  a  mob — Henry  Wash- 
ington, who  shot  Capt.  Gilmore  on  yester- 
day, and  Harry  Johnson,  who  ravished  a 
German  woman. 

Aug.  8— State  Teachers'  Association  in 
session  at  Frankfort. 

Aug.  21—1 8  buildings,  half  of  the  square 
between  Short  and  Main  streets,  extending 
back  from  Broadway,in  Lexington, burned; 
loss  $75,000. 

Aug.  23— At  the  Saratoga  (N.  Y.)  races, 
Helmbold  wins  the  4-mile  race  over  Long- 
fellow, in  7:493^. 

Aug.  24— The  venerable  Mark  Hardin, 
of  Shelby  co..  now  nearly  90  years  old, 
(son  of  Col.  John  Hardin,  who  was  slain 
by  the  Indians  in  1792  when  on  an  em- 
bassy of  peace  to  them,)  visits  Louisville, 
and  over  the  great  Ohioriver  bridge  crosses 
the  Falls  of  the  Ohio— which  he  had  de- 
scended when  removing  to  Kentucky  with 
his  father's  family,  85  years  and  4  months 
before,  in  April,  1786.  Mr.  Hardin  is  the 
last  surviving  guest  who  was  present  at 
the  wedding  of  Henry  Clay,  of  Ashland. 

Sept.  5  —  Preston  H.  Leslie,  who,  by 
reason  of  his  office  as  speaker  of  the  sen- 
ate, has  been  governor  of  Ky.  since  the 
resignation  of  Gov.  Stevenson,  on  Feb.  13, 
1871,  was  to-day  inaugurated  governor  for 
four  years,  under  his  recent  election  by  the 
people.  The  oath  of  office  was  adminis- 
tered by  the  venerable  chief  justice  Geo. 
Robertson,  who  has  been  disabled  from 
duty  for  six  months  past  by  partial  paral- 
ysis, and  was  unable  to  stand;  he  then 
resigned  into  the  hands  of  the  governor  his 
office  of  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  ap- 
peals. The  announcement  was  unex- 
pected; and  as  the  feeble  ol.i  man  sunk 
back  exhausted  in  his  chair,  many  thought 
that  with  the  functions  of  his  high  office  he 
had  surrendered  up  his  life  also.  The 
crowd  was  awe-struck.  The  stillness  was 
solemn,  the  suspense  painful.     The  gov- 

ward,  afraid  to  touch  him  lest  he  be  dead. 
But  he  soon  revived,  raised  his  head  and 
smiled ;  and  then  reciprocated  the  con- 
gratulations of  his  friends — saying  he  "ex- 
pected to  live  a  good  while  yet."     He  is 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


217 


unable  to  walk,  but  sita  partly  erect  in  a 
portable  chair. 

Upon  the  meeting  of  the  court  of  appeals, 
next  day,  a  report  expressive  of  the  respect 
and  admiration  for  Judge  Robertson  by  the 
bench  and  the  bar  of  Ky.  was  made  by  a 
committee  of  distinguished  lawyers — cx- 
Gov.  Thos.  E.  Braralette,  chairman,  attor- 
ney ceneral  John  Rodman,  ex-judge  Wm. 
F.  BullocU,  Harvey  Myers,  Jas.  R.  Hal- 
lam,  Chas.  G.  Wintersmith,  and  Col.  Jas. 
A.  Dawson — and  appropriate  remarks  were 
made  by  Gov.  Bramlette  and  W.  R.  Thomp- 


of  Lo 


Sept.  6 — Gov.  Leslie  appoints  Andrew  J. 
James  secretary  of  state,  Maj.  Wm.  H. 
Botts  assistant  secretary  of  state.  Col.  Jas. 
A.  Dawson  adjutant  general,  and  Gen. 
Fayette  Hewitt  quartermaster  general. 

Sept.  6— Wm.  S.  Pryor,  of  Henry  co., 
now  circuit  judge  of  the  11th  district,  ap- 
pointed successor  of  chief  justice  Robert- 
son of  the  court  of  appeals  bench. 

Sept.  8— A  negro  man,  Geo.  Miller,  while 
drunk,  run  over  and  horribly  mangled  iy 
the  Ky.  Central  railroad,  near  Talbott's 
Station.  He  was  taken  to  Cynthiana  and 
buried  by  the  whites,  the  negroes  refusing 
to  have  anything  to  do  with  him  because 
he  had  voted  the  Democratic  ticket. 

Sept.  10— Murder,  in  Woodford  co.,  of 
Jacob  Harper  and  his  sister  Miss  Betsy 
Harper,  both  near  80  years  of  age  ;  the 
latter  survived  her  wounds  for  19  days. 
[A  number  of  arrests  were  made,  but  the 
right  parties  had  not  been  discovered,  13 
months  after.]  Jno.  Harper,  their  brother, 
advertised  a  reward  of  $5,000  for  the  con- 
viction of  the  murderers. 

Sept.  15— Death,  in  Shasta  co.,  Califor- 
nia, aged  128  years,  of  Harvey  Thacker,  a 
connection  by  marriage  of  Daniel  Boone; 
he  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1743, 
was  38  years  old  when  the  Revolutionary 
war  broke  out,  removed  to  Ky.,  and  when 
he  was  68  years  old  served  in  the  battle  of 
Tippecanoe  under  Gen.  Harrison,  when  72 
years  old  at  the  battle  of  New  Orleans 
under  Gen.  Jackson,  and  when  89  years 
old  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  in  Illinois. 

Sept.  15 — Death,  by  being  thrown  from 
his  horse  while  returning  from  the  Lex- 
ington races,  of  Joseph  Shawhan,  of  Har- 
rison CO.,  aged  90  years  and  3  days — the 
oldest  turfman  in  Ky.,  and  farmer  of  3,600 
acres  of  bluegrass  land  in  Harrison  and 
Bourbon  counties.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  had  repeatedly  repre- 
Bented  his  county  in  the  legislature.  He 
and  his  father  emigrated  from  western 
Pennsylvania  during  the  Whisky  rebellion, 
1791-94,  and  were  among  the  first  makers 
of  the  whisky  that  assumed  the  name  of 
"  Bourbon  county."  He  used  to  take  flat- 
boats  with  produce  from  the  "mouth  of 
Beaver,"  on  Licking  river,  to  the  foreign 
port  of  New  Orleans,  and  travel  back  on 
foot  through  the  "  Indian  n.ation"  and  wil- 
derness, with  the  proceeds  of  his  boat  and 
cargo  in  Spanish  doubloons  and  "  milled 
dollars"  jingling  in  a  pouch  swung  from 
the  stick  on  his  shoulder. 


Sept.  —Iron  bridge  over  Ky.  river,  at 
Brooklyn,  on  the  Lexington  and  Harrods- 
burg  turnpike,  completed.  Its  length  546 
feet,  in  3  spans  each  182  feet;  cost  of  ma- 
sonry about  $25,000  ;  total  cost  about  $60,- 
000. 

Sept.  —Rowan  co.,  by  13  majority,  re- 
fuses to  subscribe  $25,000  in  the  Lexing- 
ton and  Big  Sandy  railroad  ;  and  Carter 
CO.,  by  200  majority,  refuses  a  subscription 
of  $60,000  for  the  same. 

Sept.  29— In  the  Pleasant  Green  neigh- 
borhood, Bourbon  co.,  7  Radical  negroes, 
at  2  A.  M.,  called  out  of  his  house  one  who 
voted  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  kukluxed 
him  by  shooting  him  with  bird-shot,  not 
dangerously.  They,  or  others,  also  set 
fire,  Oct.  2,  to  a  school-house  there,  which 

Oct.  2  — Wedding  of  mutes  at  Wilson- 
ville,  Spencer  co.  — Geo.  Schoolfield,  a 
teacher  in  the  Ky.  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asy- 
lum at  Danville,  to  Miss  Emma  Beard,  re- 
cently a  pupil  in  the  same  institution  ; 
ceremony  performed,  in  the  beautiful  and 
expressive  language  of  signs  (see  p.  UOO), 
by  Rev.  Thos.  Mclniire,  principal  of  the 
Indiana  Institution  for  Deaf  Mutes. 

Oct.  4— Great  interest  in  the  election  of 
directors  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville 
railroad  ;  old  board  re-elected.  President 
H.  D.  Newcomb  (now  absent  in  Europe), 
receiving  52,415,  and  John  G.  Baxter, 
mayor  of  Louisville,  of  the  opposition 
ticket,  43,819— maj.  8,596.  Dr.  AVm.  B. 
Caldwell,  on  both  tickets,  received  93,684 
of  the  94,217  votes  cast. 

Oct.  5— Meeting  at  Lexington  of  83  sol- 
diers of  the  war  of  1812  ;  their  ages  varied 
from  74  to  92.  They  resolved  to  petition 
congress  to  so  modify  the  late  pension  law 
that  all  the  survivors  of  that  war  may  en- 
joy its  benefits,  and  that  no  discrimination 
in  case  of  the  widows  be  m.ade  on  .account 
of  date  of  marriage. 

Oct.  7— Mason  co.,  by  a  vote  on,996  for 
and  1,176  against— 820  majority,  in  a  total 
of  3,172  votes  cast— subscribes  $400,000  to 
the  Ky.  and  Great  Eastern  railwiiy,  from 
Newport  via  Maysville  to  Catlettsburg,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Big  Sandy  river. 

Oct.  7,  8,  9,  10  — Greatest  conflagration 
ever  known.  Almost  the  entire  business 
portion  of  Chicago,  111.,  destroyed  by  fire. 
17,450  buildings,  including  74  churches, 
burnt.  98,500  people  homeless,  (out  of 
334,270) — many  of  them  living  for  some 
days  out  on  the  prairie  around  the  city, 
sleeping  on  the  ground,  .and  dependent 
upon  charity.  An  .area  of  2,124  acres  (194 
in  the  West  division, 460  in  the  South  divis- 
ion, and  1,470  acres  in  the  North  division) 
devastated  by  the  fire,  which  began  on 
Sunday  night,  and  lasted  until  nearly  dark 
on  Tuesday — when  the  flames  died  away 
from  absolute  want  of  material  to  feed 
upon.  Five  days  after  it  begun,  vast  piles 
of  coal  were  still  burning,  until  quenched 
by  the  steady  rains  on  Saturday,  Oct.  14, 
saving  thousands  of  tuns  of  coal.  More 
than  250  lives  lost:  Oct.  12,  the  coroner 
held  inquests  on  64  bodies,  in  ghastlv  rows 


the  morgue,  only  2 
zed;  16    others    lyii 


AXXALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 

Thich  were  recog- 

there,  and    more 

e  taken  from  the 
u^s  on  tha  North 
venue  bridge  :   to 


1871. 


oped 


over  40,000  people  fed  by  the  ehiirity  of  the 
country;  about  $3,500,000  in  money,  pro- 
visions, and  clothing  poured  in  from  every 
quarter;  of  this,  $1,200,000  was  paid  for 
4,700  cheap  temporary  houses  for  23,500 
people;  and  50,000  people  left  the  city. 
Oct.  14,  the  viuilt  of  the  custom-house  was 
opened;  $1,000,000  in  gold  were  melted  to 
a  solid  mass,  and  $2,000,000  in  greenbacks 
burned  to  a  crisp.  65,000,000  feet  of  lum- 
ber were  destroyed,  and  225,000,000  still  on 
hand.  Total  actual  loss  about  $196. 000,- 
000;  besides  $100,000,000  estimated  loss  to 

$100,000,(100  were  insured;  56  insurance 
companies  in  the  U.  S.  broken  u|),  a  few  pay 
their  entire  losses  ;  about  $40,000,000  real- 
ized from  insurance.  [A  number  of  Ken- 
tuckians  were  large  property  holders  in  Chi- 
cago, and  lost  heavily  ;  and  many  of  the 
s,  and  professional  and  bu- 


street,  through  a  perfect  hailstorm  of  fire. 
Upon  the  corner  of  Lake  and  State  streets, 
I  found  a  man  standing  perfectly  bewil- 
dered, who  I  have  no  doubt  would  hove 
perished  in  his  tracks.  I  seized  him  by 
the  arm,  and  again  started  on  the  fearful 
race  for  two  lives.  East  on  Lake  street  to 
.Michigan  avenue  we  ran,  through  fire  two 
or  three  inches  deep  and  with  both  sides 


the 


fori 


The  first 


Kentu^ 
you  hr 
night 


any  pri 
swept  ,a 
the  relei 
pie  wer( 
found, 
smoke  a 
fire  on  ii 
mighty  hu 


;  the  Kentuckians  living  t 
thousand  in  number,  was  I 
,  formerly  of  Paris,  who  wrote 
ither;  "From  Hr.  Hiw..-r.,n 
ian]andthe.i.>v. ,,.,-.-  I  ■- 
s  heard  of  tin-  1;  -      - 

,d    Monday.       .\  .         . 

half.  To  realize  ii-  Iim,,..: 
ve  been  present  and  a  louki 
orv  and  incidents  of  that  fin 
no  more  be  written  than  tho 
;  Rebellion.  Property  by  mill 
at  money  could  not  purcha 
le.  and  lives  unnumbered, 
•ay  in  the  twinkling  of  an  e; 

bist'of  whon 
Their  last  i 
id  scorching 


ity; 


yell. 


■es  sounded 
me,  surround 
h  the  velooit 
pt  ever  the  d< 
prayer,  ai 


d  all 


■the 


ear  the  shrieks  of  three  men  who  went 
through  the  floor  of  the  State  street  bridge 
viaduct  amid  a  lot  of  burning  freight  cars. 
They  just  a  few  feet  ahead  of  me  dashed 
into  the  bridge,  midst  blinding  smoke  and 
flying  embers  ;  and  on  reaching  the  farther 
end  i  felt   the   swaying  of  the   timbers— a 


nd  I 


brink     of 


Quick  a 

s  th..ugh 

t  I  whirled  rou 

back. 

At  each 

step  of  my  re 

the  giv 

ng  of  th 

e  planks  benea 

and  as 

I  placed 

my  feet  upon 

the    whole'  struo 

ture  fell    with 

crash. 

It  was  a 

fearful  race  fo 

gained 

t;  and. 

0  add  to  the  h 

situatio 

n,  when 

on  solid    grour 

myself 

entirely 

surrounded  by 

K.as    " 

0   time 

for    swapping 

started 

and  ran 

from  South  Wa 

led  bridge  was  that 
at  iztn  street,  wtiich  we  reached  in  safety. 
AVe  stopped  to  take  breath,  and  look  back. 
The  sight  down  the  river,  east  and  north 
of  us,  was  grand  and  terrific.  No  pen  can 
picture,  no  words   express,  the  sublimity, 

the  ai>alling  grandeur  of  that  scene 

My  office,  furniture,  books,  papers,  and  in- 
struments were  all  lost.  After  getting 
them  out  of  my  oflice,  upon  the  pavement, 
the  fire  was  so  hot  as  to  drive  me  from 
them.  Some  were  burned  after  getting 
them  on  a  wagon.  Every  patron  I  had 
was  burned  out ;  and  to-day  I  find  myself 
tho  possessor  of  $2.10  all  told,  and  have 
to  begin,  as  I  began  five  years  ago,  with- 
out capital,  to  make  a  living." 

The  great  fire  of  London,  England,  in 
1666,  (population  300,000)  lasted  4  days, 
and  spread  over  336  acres,  dcstrnvin^  1:;,- 
200  houses,  87  churches,  manV  fiublio 
buildings,  and  $60,000,000  in  property  ;  as 
in  Chicago,  bells  and  iron  waves,  glas^  and 
earthenwares,  the  most  solid  iron  works, 
all  melted  and  fused.  In  Oct.  1812,  Mos- 
cow, the  capital  of  Russia,  then  a  city  of 
000,000  inhabitants,  was  devoted  to  the 
flames  by  its  own  citizens,  to  drive  out  the 
great  Napoleon,  the  French  conqueror;  it 
had  been  almost  entirely  destroyed  by  fire 
in  1536,  in  1547.  and  in  1571.  In  1835, 
the  great  fire  in  New  York  city  destroyed 
648  houses,  and  $20,000,000  in  property; 
and  in  1845,  another  fire  destroyed  $7,- 
000,000  of  properly.  In  1845, -the  entire 
business  part  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  was  burnt, 
with  over  $9,000,000  of  property.  San 
Francisco  was  six  times  almost  totally  de- 
stroyed by  fire.  St.  Louis,  Mo.:  Portland, 
Maine;  Charleston,  S.C.;  Galveston,  Te.\as; 
have  each  had  very  great  fires,  with  prop- 
erty destruction  of  from  $2,500,0110  to  $5,- 
000,000.     In  isr,:;,  dnriii;;  one  iiij;ht,  7  fires 


Tur 


ite  . 


great 
lilt. 


Oct. 17  — IJ. .yd 
to  subscribe  $10 
Big  Sandy  railroad. 

Oct.  26  — Death,  at  Nice,  France,  of 
Robert  Anderson,  a  brigadier  and  brev*t 
major  general  U.  S.  army  ;  born,  near  Lou- 
isville, .June  14,  1805  ;  graduated  at  West 
Point,  as  brevet  2d  lieutenant  of  1st  artil- 
lery ;  same    year,    was    app.>inted    full   2d 

Fe  de  l',o-"ia  ;i-  piiva:./  secretary  of  the 
U.  S.  niioi^iiT  ilnrr:  May  9,  1832,  ap- 
pointed a. s, -lain  iiisp,-,.t.M-"general  of  Illi- 
nois volunteers,  with  rank  of  colonel,  in 
the  Black  Hawk  war,  and  was  conspicuous 


ESSII 

■iin 
BiuiOi 


220 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


for  bravery  at  the  buttle  of  Bad  Axe  under 
Gen.  Atkinson;  in  1835-36,  instructor  of 
artillery  at  West  Point ;  in  1837-38,  served 
in  the  Florida  war,  and  April  2,  1838,  cap- 
tured 45  f3euiinole  Indians  near  Fort  Lau- 
derdale, for  which  he  was  brevetted  cap- 
tain ;  from  1838  to  1841,  was  aide-de-camp 
to  Gen.  Winfield  Scott,  commander-in-chief 
U.  S.  army  ;  in  1840,  translated  from  the 
French  and  published*  "  Instruction  for 
Field  Artillery— Horse  and  Foot,"  which 
he  supplemented,  in  1860,  with  a  transla- 
tion of  "Evolutions  of  Field- Batteries  ;" 
Oct.  23,  1841,  promoted  captain  of  artillery ; 
Sept.  8,  1847,  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Molino  del  Key,  Mexico,  and  brevetted 
major  ;  July  11,  1853,  governor  of  the  mil- 
itary asylum  at  Harnidsburg,  Ky.;  Oct.  5, 
1857,  promoted  major  of  1st  artillery  ;  1860, 
commanded  U.  S.  forces  in  Charleston  har- 
bor, headquarters  at  Fort  Moultrie  ;  Dec. 
26,  1860,  transferred  his  command  (only  2 
skeleton  companies,  80  in  all,  officers  and 
men)  to  Fort  Sumter,  which  was  attacked, 
April  12,  1861,  by  the  Confederate  forces 
under  Gen.  Beauregard,  and  bravely  de- 
fended for  .34  hours—"  until  the  quarters 
were  entirely  burned,  the  main  gates  de- 
stroyed, the  gorge-wall  seriously  injured, 
the  powder  magazine  surrounded  by  flames 
and  its  door  closed  from  the  effects  of  the 
heat,  only  4  barrels  .and  3  cartridges  of 
powder  being  available  and  provisions  all 
gone  but  salt  pork."  Sunday  afternoon, 
April  14th,  he  accepted  the  honorable  terms 
of  evacuation  offered  by  Gen.  Beauregard, 
and  "  marched  out  with  colors  flying  and 
drums  beating,  bringing  away  company 
and  private  property,  and  saluting  his  flag 
with  50  guns."  In  1865,  he  was  selected 
to  hoist  the  Union  flag  again,  over  the 
ruins  of  Fort  Sumter.  May  15, 1861,  Pres- 
ident Lincoln  appointed  him  brigadier  gen- 
eral in  the  regular  army,  and  in  command 
of  the  department  of  Ky.,  and  afterwards 
of  that  of  the  Cumberland,  which  shat- 
tered health  compelled  him  to  relinquish, 
Oct.  1861 ;  and  on  Oct.  27,  1863,  to  retire 
from  active  service.  Feb.  3,  1865,  he  was 
brevetted  major  general,  "  for  g.allant  and 
meritorious  service  in  the  defence  of  Fort 
Sumter."  In  1870,  he  went  to  Europe  for 
his  health,  first  to  Germany  and  then  to 
southern  France,  where  he  was  an  invalid 
until  his  death.  His  body  was  brought  to 
the  U.  S.,  and  buried  at  West  Point,  New 
York. 

Oct.  28— The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  rail- 
road company  purchases,  at  50  cents  on 
the  dollar,  $1,000,000  new  stock  of  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  and  Lexington  rail- 
road, and  also  so  much  of  the  $1,600,000 
old  stock,  at  60  cents,  as  may  be  surren- 
dered within  60  days;  thus  obtaining  the 
controlling  interest.  The  same  company 
has  just  put  under  contract  the  building 
of  the  railroad  from  Lexington  to  Mount- 
sterling,  Montgomery  co. 

Oct.  —Agricultural  fairs  have  been 
held  successfully,  by  the  colored  people,  in 
Franklin,  Fayette,  Mason,  and  other  coun- 


Oct. 


Leslie  issues  a  procla 
pon  the  people  of  Ky.  to  r 


money,  clothii  _ 
sufferers  by  the  remarkable  Sres  in  Michi- 
gan and  Wisconsin. 

Oct.  —Louisville  city  council  contrib- 
utes $50,000,  and  citizens  more  than  $1 10,- 
000,  to  the  relief  of  sufferers  by  the  Chicago 
conflagration.  Maysvillecitycouncil  sends 
$1,000,  and  the  Catholic  church  there  $125. 
Lexington  gives  $1,000,  (and  $675  to  Ihe 
Wisconsin  sufferers).  Ky.  Central  railru.ad 
gives  $1,000,  and  the  city  of  Covington 
$5,000.  Paris,  and  many  other  places, 
give  largely  and  liberally. 

Oct.  —Death,  at  Dundee,  Scotland,  at 
which  point  he  was  U.  S.  consul  (appointed 
by  President  Lincoln),  of  Rev.  Jas.  Smith, 
D.D.,  a  distinguished  Presbyterian  minis- 
ter in  Ky.  for  many  years,  and  author  of 
the  standard  history  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  church. 

Oct.  —James  Jeffries,  of  Russell  CO., 
has  19  children,  including  7  pairs  of  twins. 
He  has  10  brothers,  and  the  U  brothers 
have  37  pairs  of  twins. 

Nov.  1— Death, at  Augusta,of  Dr.  Joshua 
T.aylor  Bradford.  [See  sketch,  under 
Bracken  Co.] 

Nov.  1— Death,  at  Owcnsboro,  at  an  ad- 
vanced age,  of  John  H.  McHenry,  sen.  He 
had  filled  many  positions  of  honor  and 
trust ;  served  in  congress  four  years,  1843- 

which  formed  the  present  constitution,  in 
1849. 

Nov.  1— Sales  of  tob.icco,  at  the  7  ware- 
houses in  Louisville,  during  the  year  end- 
ing to-day,  48,606  hogsheads,  for  the  sum 
of  $4,681,046.  During  the  preceding  year, 
from  Nov.  1, 1869  to  1870,  were  sold  40,047 
hogsheads— 8,559  less— but  for  higher  fig- 
ures, $4,823,330. 

Nov.  1  —  15,137  hogsheads  of  tobacco  in- 
spected  in  Paducah,    in   the  year  ending 

Nov.  5 — In  a  colored  Baptist  church,  in 
Louisville,  the  giving  away  of  a  pi  liar  sup- 
porting the  floor  creates  a  panic,  and  the 
terrified  audience  rush  to  the  doors,  Irnmp- 
ling  to  death  8  or  9 persons,  mostly  women 
and  children. 

Nov.  6— W.  H.  Dulaney,  president  of 
the  Elizabelhtown  and  Paducah  railroad, 
sells  to  a  house  in  Amsterdam,  Holland, 
.$450,000  of  its  bonds,  at  87J^  cents  and 
accrued  interest. 

Nov.  9— U.  S.  senator  Garret  Davis  re- 
ceives from  the  state  of  Ky.  a  fee  of  $5,000 
as  attorney  for  tho  state  in  the  Wolf  Island 
case,  r».  the  state  of  Missouri. 

Nov.  13— P.  M.  OHara  undertakes  to 
walk  101  miles  in  24  hours,  over  the  Lex- 
ington Trotting  Park.  Track  heavy  from 
rains;  but  he  made  the  1st  mile  in  8:48, 
2d  in  9:40,  3d  in  11:55,  4th  in  10:57,  5lh  in 
10:30,  6th  in  12:00— total  6  miles  in  1  hour 
3}4  minutes.  A  steady  rain  then  set  in, 
but  he  walked  on,  making  5  miles  more  in 
I  hour  6]4  minutes,  by  which  time  the  mud 
was  6  inches  deep,  and  his  friends  insisted 
upon  his  going  no  further. 


^0£Enr7t^^ 


^^JiORB?^"^'' 


Engraved     for    Collins'  HistOTry    of   KentiicTicy. 


1871. 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


Nov.  15— Death,  in  Ballard  co.,  aged 
100,  of  Thos.  Brannon,  a  soldier  at  the 
battle  of  New  Orleans,  Jan.  8,  1815. 

Nov.  20— Opening  of  the  enlarged  Louis- 
ville and  Portland  canal,  around  the  Falls 
of  the  Ohio.  In  widening  it  to  90  feet, 
40,000  cubic  yards  of  earth  were  taken  out, 
and  90,000  of  solid  limestone— the  ledge  11 
to  12  feet  thick  ;  11,000  cubic  yards  of  dry 
wall  masonry  were  built.  Instead  of  a  fall 
of  2fi  feet  in  1]4  miles,  will  be  a  fall  of  26 
feet  in  nearly  2  miles— a  lengthening  the 
distiince  the  water  will  have  to  flow  be- 
tween the  head  and  foot  of  the  falls,  in 
order  to  lessen  the  force  of  the  current. 

Nov.  23— Two  negroes,  Geo.  A.  Griffiths 
and  Nathaniel  Harper,  admitted  to  prac- 
tice law  in  the  courts  at  Louisville. 

Nov.  25 — A  very  lively  and  spicy,  not 
always  kind  and  charitable,  controversy 
hag,  for  six  weeks  past,  engrossed  all  the 
ministers  and  members  of  the  Main-street 
Christian  Church,  and  of  a  new  and  inde- 
pendent church  whose  members  had  with- 
drawn from  the  Main-street  and  organized 
as  the  2d  Christian  Church,  at  Lexington, 
involving  also  John  B.  Bowman,  regent  of 
Ky.  University,  and  to  some  extent  the 
legal  control  of  that  general  church  over 
said  University.  It  continues  up  to  March, 
1872,  and  involves  also  the  pastor  and  some 
members  of  the  Walnut-street  Christian 
Church  in  Louisville.  It  is  called  by  many 
"The  University  Imbroglio."  Nov.  25— 
The  curators  of  the  University  sustain  Re- 
gent Bowman,  by  strong  and  pointed  res- 
olutions. 

Dee.  2— Lewis  co.,  by  902  for  and  770 
against,  agrees  to  subscribe  $100,000  to 
the  Ky.  and  Great  Eastern  railroad. 

Dec.  4 — Legislature  in  session.  In  the 
senate,  Lieut.  Gov.  John  G.  Carlisle  pre- 
siding. Dr.  J.  Russell  Hawkins  was  re- 
elected clerk— Hawkins  19,  Wm.  T.  Sam- 
uels 15  ;  John  L.  Sneed  assistant  clerk,  on 
the  24th  ballot;  D.  D.  Sublett  sergeant-at- 
arms  ;  and  Jos.  B.  Read  doorkeeper.  In 
the  house  1st  ballot  for  speaker  :  Jas.  B. 
McCreary  .30,  Wm.  W.  Bush  16,  Jas.  S. 
Chrisman  14,  Thos.  H.  Corbett  9,  Jos.  M. 
Davidson  9,  Wm.  Cassias  Goodloe  17;  on 
the  3d  ballot,  before  the  result  w.as  an- 
nounced, on  motion  Mr.  McCreary  was, 
by  unanimous  consent,  declared  elected 
speaker.  Mieah  T.  Chrisman  and  Thos.  S. 
Pettit  were  unanimously  declared  elected 
clerk  and  assistant  clerk,  respectively. 
Judge  Rob't  A.  Thompson  was  elected  .ser- 
geant-at-arms,  on  the  3d  ballot— Thomp- 
son 51 ,  Col.  Geo.  R.  Diamond  46  ;  and  A. 
a.  King  doorkeeper,  on  the  6lh  ballot- 
King  59,  John  A.  Crittenden  39. 

Dec.  9— Destruction  by  fire  of  Dr.  Wm. 
S.  Chipley's  private  insane  asylum,  near 
Lexington;  inmates  safely  removed;  loss 
$15,000. 

Dec.  —Width  of  the  Ohio  river  at  Mays- 
ville,  while  frozen  over  and  very  low,  ac- 
curately measured;  1,300  feet  from  shore 
to  shore,  and  1,900  from  bank  to  bank.  At 
Covington,  it  is  432  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  gulf,  and  at  Pittsburgh  696  feet. 


Dec.  14— Sales  of  gold  in  New  York  at 
107%,  the  lowest  point  reached  since  1862. 

Dec.  15— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged  66, 
of  Rev.  Charles  Booth  Parsons  ;  from  1825 
to  1838  one  of  the  most  popular  actors  on 
the  stage,  and  thenceforward  a  Methodist 
minister  remarkable  for  his  powers  of  elo- 
cution. 

Dec.  15,  16— Convention  at  Louisville  of 
Ky.  lawyers;  recommends  the  legislature 
to  provide  for  the  admission  of  negro  tes- 
timony to  the  same  extent  as  that  of  whites, 
and  otherwise  modify  the  law  of  evidence; 
also,  for  a  general  revision  of  the  statutes  ; 
arranges  for  a  permanent  organization  of 
the  Ky.  bar,  the  next  meeting  to  be  iu 
Louisville  Nov.  12,  1872  ;  closes  with  an 
elegant  banquet,  given  by  the  Louisville 
bar. 

Dec.  16 — Legislature  memorializes  con- 
gress to  refund,  because  an  unequal  tax, 
the  amount  of  tax  collected  on  cotton  in 

1865-66-67..- 30— By  resolution,  requires 

the  Bank  of  Ky.  to  declare  a  dividend  of 
$497,976,  being  all  its  profits  and  surplus, 
(except  the  contingent  fund.) 

Dec.  16— "Public  Library  of  Ky."  draw- 
ing at  Louisville,  beginning  at  7  o'clock 
A.  M.,  and  closing  with  a  "  grand  gift  con- 
cert" at  night.  The  highestprize, $35,000, 
drawn  by  John  R.  Duff,  assistant  post- 
master, Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  the  prize  of 
$17,600  by  Mr.  Kent,  Virginia  city,  Ne- 
vada. 

Dec.  18— Death,  at  Frankfort,  aged  80, 
of  Col.  Alex.  H.  Rennick,  one  of  the  sur- 
vivors of  the  massacre  at  the  River  Raisin, 
and  deputy  clerk  or  clerk  of  several  of  the 
courts  at  Frankfort  for  most  of  the  time 
since  1807, 

Dec.  18— By  order  of  the  U.  S.  secretary 
of  war,  Lieut.  Samuel  M.  Swigert,  2d  U. 
S.  cavalry,  is  detailed  as  professor  of  mili- 
tary science  and  tactics  at  Ky.  University, 

Dee.  18— At  the  caucus  of  the  Demo- 
cratic members  of  the  legislature,  to  nom- 
inate their  candidate  for  U.  S.  senator,  the 
first  ballot  stood  :  Thos.  C.  MoCreery  50, 
Jas.  B.  Beck  26,  Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall 
18,  ex-Gov.  Thos.  E.  Bramlette  17,  Judge 
A.  R.  Boon  5.  MoCreery  was  nominated 
unanimously  on  the  2d  ballot,  the  other 
names  having  been  withdrawn. 

Dec.  19— Thos.  C.  MoCreery  elected  U. 
S.  senator  for  six  years  from  lhe4th  March, 
1873— McCreery  (Democrat)  112,  John  M. 
Harlan  (Republican )  20. 

Dec.  27  —  Death,  at  Lexington,  aged 
nearly  73,  of  Rev.  Robert  Jefferson  Breck- 
inridge, D.D.,  LL.D.  [See  sketch,  on  p. 
000.] 

Dec.  27— Great  fire  at  Somerset,  Pulaski 
CO.;  court  house,  2  banks,  and  14  principal 
business  and  dwelling  houses — best  portion 
of  the  town— burnt;  loss  over  $50,000. 

Dec.  — The  governor's  message  reports 
the  annual  expenses  of  the  several  chari- 
table institutions  of  the  state,  including  the 
cost  of  carrying  pauper  lunatics  to  the 
asylums,  increased  from  $104,517  in  1865, 
to  $243,023  in  1871- or,  in  6  years,  $138,- 


AXXALS   OF    KEXTUCKi'. 


872. 


505.  The  total  cost  of  prosecuting  crim- 
inals was,  in  the  same  time,  increased 
from  $86,080  to  $192,003.  The  governor 
appeals  to  the  legislature  to  apply  some 
remedy  to  the  disorders  and  disregard  of 
law  in  some  localities,  to  pass  additional 
laws  to  reach  the  outbreaks  and  secret  ven- 
geance of  evil-disposed  persons.  "  Much 
of  this  lawlessness  has  been  provoked  and 
aggravated  by  the  unwarranted  interfer- 
ence of  Federal  authority  in  our  local  af- 
fairs, and  its  intrusive  assumption  of  juris- 
diction in  administering  the  laws  of  this 
commonwealth."  "  Citizens  who  had  been 
arrested  and  held  for  trial  by  the  state  tri- 
bunals, for  offenses  against  colored  persons, 
have  been  seized  by  Federal  officers,  taken 
to  distant  places,  deprived  of  the  right  of 
trial  by  jury  of  the  vicinage,  subjected  to 
great  annoyance  and  expense,  and  some- 
times to  onerous  and  unreasonable  penal- 
ties." He  recommends  a  law  allowing  ne- 
gro testimony. 

Dec.  31 — Terrific  storm  in  JIason,  Rob- 
ertson, Scott,  Harrison,  Bourbon,  Fayette, 
and  Franklin  counties.  At  White  Sulphur, 
in  Scott  CO.,  a  church,  still-house,  several 
residences,  barns,  and  out-houses  were 
blown  down,  orchards  and  forests  torn  to 
pieces,  hemp  spread  on  the  ground  and  hay 
and  oat  stacks  and  fencing  scattered  by 
the  wind.  At  Cynlhiana,  Harrison  co., 
the  court  house  and  other  buildings  were 
unroofed, and  several  small  buildings  blown 
down.  At  Lexington,  the  upper  story  of 
a  new  3-story  brick  warehouse  was  blown 
off,  the  roof  and  walls  falling  upon  and 
crushing  an  adjoining  hemp  warehouse. 
At  Millersburg,  Bourbon  Co.,  the  College 
building  was  injured  and  Bryan's  Hall  un- 
roofed. Near  Germantown,  Mason  co.,  the 
floral  hall  and  amphitheatre  were  de- 
stroyed. Between  liermantown  and  ilt. 
Olivet,  Robertson  co.,  19  barns  filled  with 
tobacco  were  blown  down.  Immense  dam- 
age was  done  every  where. 

1872,  Jan.  1— Bonded  debt  of  the  city  of 
Louisville  $6,153,5110,  and  on  Jan.  1,  1871, 
$4,910,500— increase  §1,243,000  ;  of  which 
§500,000  for  stock  in  the  St.  Louis  Air-Line 
railroad,  $250,000  for  City  Hall,  $107,000 
for  change  of  gauge  of  Louisville,  Cincin- 
nati and  Lexington  railroad,  $300,000  for 
sewers,  &c.  The  sinking  fund  will  pay 
the  interest,  and  the  principal  at  maturity. 
The  taxes  for  city  purposes  in  1871  were 
S774,0S9.  City  stock  in  the  Louisville  gas 
company  $604,150.  The  annual  report  of 
the  mayor,  John  (i.  Baxter,  shows  a  very 
able  administration  of  city  affairs. 

Total  deaths  in  Louisville  in  the  year 
1871,  2,672,  or  1  to  every  43K  inhabi- 
tants—assuming a  population  of  115,000. 
Jan.  12—110  citizens  of  Franklin  co. 
petition  the  legislature  for  protection  from 
a  band  of  desperadoes  who  have  caused, 
and  at  intervals  renew,  a  reign  of  terror  in 
that  county,  chiefly  a  few  miles  north  of 
Frankfort. 

Jan.  18 — Legislature  authorizes  the  gov- 
ernor to  borrow  $500,000  to  supply  deficit 
in  state  treasury,  and  issue  therefor  five- 


year  8-per-cent.  bonds 11  — Directs 

sale  of  Slate  interest, except  preferred  stock, 
in    Louisville,   Cincinnati  and  Lexington 

railroad,  at  65  cents  on  the  dollar 13— 

Adopts  resolutions  on    the  death   of  Rev. 

Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  D.D.,  LL.D 

24-Provides  for  securing  (by  giving  notice) 
laborers'  claims  against  railroads  and  turn- 
pikes  Vacancy   in  county  judgeship, 

within  first  three  years  of  term,  to  be  filled 
by  justices Homestead  exemption  ex- 
tended to  colored  people,  housekeepers 

Governor  to  select  newsp.aper  in  which  to 
advertise  rewards  for  fugitives  from  jus- 
tice  30— Law  appointing  state  agent 

to   purchase    state  bonds    repealed 

Law  of  evidence  amended — ptirties  in  in- 
terest, persons  of  color,  itc,  may  testify. 

Jan.  18 — McCreery  banquet  at  the  Cap- 
ital Hotel,  Frankfort. 

Jan.  21 — Caucus  of  the  Democratic  mem- 
bers of  the  legislature.  Samuel  I.  M. 
Major,  on  the  4th  ballot,  nominated  for 
public  printer— Major  67,  Gen.  Thos.  H. 
Taylor  56;  the  1st  ballot  stood:  Major  41, 
Tavlor  28,  Geo.  Baber  20,  Col.  Jas.  A. 
Dawson  25.  Dr.  A.  C.  Vallandigham 
nominated  for  public  binder,  on  the  2d 
ballot,  receiving  63  votes  ;  A.  G.  Kendall 
46.  Gen.  Geo.  B.  Crittenden  nominated 
for  state  librarian  by  acclamation. 

Jan.  — Death,  in  Madison  co.,  aged 
107,  of  James  Byrum,  who  c.ime  to  Ky. 
75  years  ago  from  North  Carolina. 

Jan.  25 — Frank  Preston,  of  Mason  co., 
aged  nearly  97,  is  the  oldest  Mason  in  Ky. 
He  was  initiated  in  AVinchester  Lodge, 
No.  20,  at  some  time  prior  to  Nov.  13,  1813. 
Jan.  30,  31— Grand  Duke  Alexis,  son  of 
the  reigning  czar  of  Russia,  visits  Louis- 
ville, is  received  with  distinguished  honors, 
and  entertained  at  a  ball  and  banquet. 
Feb.  1- Visits  the  Mammoth  Cave. 

Feb.  1 — Judge  Ballard  refused  to  allow 
Andrew  Jackson,  a  colored  man,  indicted 
before  the  circuit  court  at  Louisville  for 
grand  larceny,  to  hisve  his  cause  removed 
for  trial  in  the  U.  S.  district  court ;  and 
said,  unofficially,  he  did  not  in  tend  to  allow 
such  cases  to  encumber  the  docket  here- 
after. 

Feb.  8— Legislature,  by  act,  forbids  any 
attorney  at  law,  and  certain  county,  city, 
and  court  officers  from  being  taken  on  bail 

bonds  in  criminal  cases Punishes,  by 

fine  and  imprisonment,  the  willful  killing, 
disfiguring,  poisoning,  or  otherwise  injur- 
ing, without  the  owner's  consent,  of  any 
horse,  cow,  mule,  jack,  jennet,  goat,  sheep, 
hog Repeals  the  law  requiring  per- 
sons to  be  21  years  old  before  obtaining 

se    to    practice    law 21— Towns 

authorized  to  establish  station-houses  and 
ork-houses,  for  confinement  of  persons 
ntil  trial,  or  for  working  out  fines  at  the 

ite  of  $2  per  day 28— Sheriffs  made 

liable  for  false  or  illegal  return  of  process 
execution,  or  for  collecting  illegal  fee- 

:i. 

Feb.  9 — Legislature,  by  resolution,  in- 

■ucts  senators  in  congress  and  requests 

representatives  to  have  a  law  passed  pro- 


1872. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


223 


Tiding  for  the  looking  and  damming  of  the 
Ohio  river,  so  as  to  secure  its  navigation  by 
liirge  class  steamers  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year;  also,  March  18,  one  providing  for  a 
thorough  system  of  lights,  buoys,  and  chan- 
nel marks,  in  the  Ohio  river;  also,  March 
28,  one  directing  the  surrender  of  the  Lou- 
isville and  Portland  canal  to  the  govern- 
ment of  the  U.  S.,  upon  certain  specified 

Jan.  10  —  A  communication  from  the 
auditor  to  the  senate,  gives  the  amount  of 
public  printing,  paper  for  public  printing, 
and  public  binding,  each  year  from  Aug.  1, 
1860,  to  Jan.] ,  1872, 1 2  years  and  5  months. 
The  aggreg.-ite  of  printing  is  $232,905,  the 
yearly  average  $18,632;  aggregate  of  pa- 
per $80,928,  yearly  average  $6,475  ;  aggre- 
gate of  binding  $100,567,  yearly  average 
Is, 045  ;  total  paid  for  public  printing,  pa- 
per and  binding,  $414,401 ;  yearly  average 

Jan.  16— Mordecai  Williams  decided,  by 
a  vote  of  74  to  14,  to  be  the  leg.illy  elected 
representative  to  the  house  from  Boyd, 
Carter,  and  part  of  Elliott  counties  ;  sus- 
taining the  majority  report,  which  found 
that  at  the  election  in  August  Williams 
had  received  1,504  and  Capt.  W.  W.  Cul- 
bertson  1,500  votes.  [They  had  been  re- 
ported as  having  an  equal  number  of  votes; 
and  thus  being  a  "tie,"  there  was  a  dis- 
puted and  unsatisfactory  attempt  to  decide 
"by  lot,"  according  to  law. 

Jan.  17 — Bank  of  Ky.  agrees  to  buy  from 
the  commissioners  of  the  sinking  fund  all 
of  the  state  stock  in  said  bank,  7,789  shares, 
at  $112  per  share;  and  agrees  to  take  in 
all  state  bonds  due  and  to  become  due  in 
1872-3.  The  stock  amounted  to  $872,368, 
the  bonds  to  $665,000— leaving  $207,368  to 
be  paid  in  money. 

Jan.  20— A  special  auditor's  report  to 
the  senate  shows  that  $128,300  were  p.aid 
for  interest  by  the  state,  during  the  year 
ending  Oct.  W,  1871. 

Jan.  22  — Guv.  Leslie,  by  special  mes- 
sage, calls  attention  of  the  legislature  to 
the  fact  that  for  want  of  a  law  to  sell  lands 
to  pay  taxes  (except  at  the  end  of  6  years), 
there  is  now  due  to  the  state  $318,364  of 
uncollected  revenue,  since  1862.  [The 
legislature  accordingly  changed  the  rev- 
enue laws,  so  as  to  prevent  such  delinquen- 
cies hereafter.] 

Jan. 27 — The  house  appointed  the  speaker, 
Jas.  B.  MeCreary,  and  C,  Columbus  Scales, 
Vfm.  A.  Hoskins,  Jos.  C.  S.  Blackburn,  E. 
F.  AVaide,  and  Wm.  Cassius  Goodloe  a  com- 
mittee to  invite  the  grand  duke  of  Kussia, 
Alexis,  to  visit  Frankfort,  and  to  tender  to 
him  and  his  suite  the  privileges  of  the 
hall  of  the  house  of  representatives  during 
their  stay. 

Feb.  1— A  bill  to  repeal  the  lO-per-cent. 
conventional  interest  law  of  March  14, 
1871,  was  laid  on  the  table,  in  the  house, 
by  62  to  27. 

Feb.  1— Rev.  Dr.  H.  A.  M.  Henderson, 


of  the  law  of  last  year  extending  the  day 
of  payment  of  taxes — indebtedness  for  the 
schools  taught  had  accumulated  to  auaount 
of  nearly  $100,000,  with  no  school  money 
in  the  treasury  to  pay  it. 

Feb.  8— In  the  senate,  the  bill  to  estab- 
lish a  bureau  of  immigration  and  labor  was 
rejected — yeas  18,  nays  13,  a  constitutional 
majority  (20)  not  having  voted  therefor. 
The  bill  proposed  to  establish  the  bureau 
at  Louisville,  in  charge  of  a  commissioner 
(with  $3,000  salary),  who  should  appoint 
an  agent  at  New  York  city  (with  $2,500 
sal.ary),  and  two  agents  (with  salaries  in 
gold  of  $3,000  each,  and  $1,000  each  for 
traveling  expenses)  in  Europe,  to  influence 
immigration  to  Ky.  direct.  The  commis- 
sioner shall  collect  statistics  of  the  agricul- 
tural, mineral, manufacturing,and  other  re- 
sources of  Ky.,  and  prepare  maps,  pamph- 
lets, circulars,  and  publications  in  several 
different  languages  adapted  to  general  cir- 
culation in  Europe,  containing  needed  in- 
formation about  the  geography,  climate, 
resources,  and  prospects  of  the  state.  [The 
bill  is  well-guarded,  liberal,  and  politic; 
upon  a  subject  earnestly  commended  by 
the  governor  to  legislative  action.  The 
report  of  the  author  of  the  bill,  Alfred  T. 
Pope,  senator  from  the  37th  district  (in 
Louisville),  is  one  of  the  ablest,  most  com- 
prehensive, and  statesmanlike  documents 
ever  presented  to  a  legislative  body.  The 
sudden  emancipation  of  205,781  slaves, 
worth  $107,494,527,  struck  down  our  in- 
dustrial system.  The  tastes  and  circum- 
stances of  the  colored  population  led  them 
to  crowd  into  the  cities  and  towns  ;  in  only 
21  of  which  the  increase  in  ten  years,  from 
I860  to  1870,  was  20,567,  or  over  133  per 
cent.,  while  that  of  tho  white  population 
was  less  than  38  per  cent.  The  white 
population  of  the  state  increased  165,327, 
or  over  14  per  cent.,  while  the  black  popu- 
lation decreased  over  7  per  cent,  during  that 
decade.  The  foreign  immigration  through 
the  port  of  New  York  alone,  in  23  years, 
from  May  5,  1847,  to  Jan.  1,  1870,  was 
4,297,980,  of  which  only  11,657  came  to 
Ky.,  although  nearly  5  times  that  number 
came  via  New  Orleans  and  other  ports. 
The  increase  of  foreign  born  population  in 
Ky.  from  1860  to  1870  was  only  6  per  cent.; 
a  fact  irresistible  to  prove  that  nothing 
short  of  energetic  personal  effort  can  turn 
the  tide  of  immigrants  to  Kentucky.] 

Feb.  9— The  house,  by  56  to  15,  defeated 
a  bill,  which  had  passed  the  senate,  ex- 
tending the  time  indefinitely  in  which  5 
corporations  doing  a  banking  and  insur- 
ance business  in  Louisville  might  separate 
and  invest  their  funds  as  required  by  the 
insurance  law  of  March  12,1870.  The  com- 
mittee on  insurance  reported  the  aggregate 
available  assets,  with  which  to  pay  losses 
by  fire,  including  capital  stock,  of  these  5 
corporations,  $1,378,204  on  Dec.  31, 1870— 
and  the  aggregate  amount  insured  by  them, 
nearly  all  in  the  city  of  Lousville,  $16,- 
968,740,  or  more  than  12  times  the  avail- 
able assets. 

Feb.  10 — Legislature,  since  Dec.  4,  has 


224 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


passed  laws  authorizing  a  vote  in  each  of 
23  counties,  upon  the  question  of  prohib- 
iting the  retail  of  ardent  spirits. 

Feb.  10— A  log  house  in  Elizabethtown, 
Hurdin  co.,  torn  down,  which  was  once  the 
residence  of  the  late  U.  S.  president  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  and  his  mother. 

Feb.  11— Death,  at  Newcastle,  Henry 
CO.,  aged  53,  of  Dr.  Hugh  Rodman,  from 
injuries  on  Feb.  5th,  by  being  thrown  from 
a  buggy.  Dr.  R.  practiced  medicine  with 
great  success  at  Lagrange,  from  1842  to 
1850,  and  since  then  at  Frankfort,  where 
his  practice  was  immense.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  present  Rodman  family, 
which  numbers  45  in  Frankfort  alone.  He 
was  president  of  the  Frankfort  branch  of 
the  Bank  of  Ky.,  but  never  held  a  public 
office.  Feb.  14— The  legislature  adjourned 
to  attend  his  funeral. 

Feb.  — AVeisiger  Hall  (or  Central  Mar- 
ket) in  Louisville,  purchased  for  the  Pub- 
lic Library  of  Ky.;  price  $210,000;  size 
168  feet  on  4th  street,  by  200  feet  deep. 

Feb.  l.S  — Excur.-ion  of  the  Louisville 
city  council  to  the  coal  fields  of  Ohio  and 
Muhlenburg  counties,  on  or  near  the  Eliza- 
bethtown and  Paduc-ah  railroad. 

Feb.  13— Fire  at  Sharpsburg,  Bath  Co.; 
Presbyterian  church  and  5  of  the  best 
business  buildings  burned. 

Feb.  I.'?— Mardi-Gras  ball  at  the  Capital 
Hotel.  Frankfort. 

Feb.  13— The  Cincinnati  Southern  rail- 
way bill  becomes  a  law.  Authorizes  its 
trustee  s  to  acquire  the  right  of  way  and  to 
extend  a  railway  across  Ky.  towards  Chat- 
tanooga, through  any  of  39  counties  named 
(those  on  the  southern  border  are  from 
Monroe  east,  to  Josh  Bell.)  The  charge 
nsportation  not  to  exceed  35  cents 
1  heavy  articles  for  each 
cents  per  mile  for  pas- 
sengers ;  [special  tax  levied  of  50  cents  for 
each  through  passenger,  25  cents  for  each 
passenger  for  100  miles  in  Ky.]  and  1  cent 
for  each  100  pounds  of  through  freight ; 
[it  further  requires  one  or  more  lines  to  be 
surveyed  from  Cincinnati,  via  Nicholasville 
and  Danville,  in  the  direction  of  Sparta, 
Tenn.  — the  citizens  of  Cincinnati  after- 
wards to  select,  by  their  votes,  the  route  ;] 
and  also  reserves  the  right  to  change,  alter 
or  modify  the  act,  and  to  regulate,  by  gen- 
eral laws,  the  charges  for  freight  and  pas- 
sengers. The  bill  passed  the  house,  Jan. 
13,  ye.as  59,  nays  38,  without  the  amend- 
ments embodied  above — which  were  added 
in  the  senate  ;  in  which  body  the  bill  passed 
Jan.  27,  by  yeas  19,  nays  19,  and  the  cast- 
ing vote  of  Lieut.  Gov.  John  G.  Carlisle. 
Feb.  1,  the  house  concurred  in  the  amend- 
ments, by  66  and  69  in  favor,  and  19 
against.  March  25,  an  amended  act  re- 
pealed the  two  restrictions  enclosed  in 
brackets  [  ]  above.  This  (but  including 
another  restriction)  was  passed,  March  11, 
by  the  house,  the  test  vote  showing  40  for, 
16  against;  and  by  the  senate,  as  above, 
March  22,  by  15  to  13,  and  was  concurred 
in  by  the  hou?e. 

Feb.  15— Ice- gorge  in  the  Ohio  river  36 


other 


ithe 


per  100  ] 
100   mill 


bors  of  Cincinnati  and  Covington.  Tow- 
boat  Tom  Farrow  sunk  at  uppej-  end  of 
gorge,  and  8  coal  barges  with  coal  lost. 

Feb.  15— The  house,  by  78  to  1,  sustains 
Gov.  Leslie's  veto  of  the  act  to  incorporate 
the  town  of  Smith's  Grove,  Warren  CO., 
because  of  extraordinary  provisions,  and 
of  changes  in  general  law  ;  and,  March  12, 
unanimously  (68  voting)  sustains  his  veto 
of  the  act  to  incorporate  the  Falls  City 
Levee  and  Bridge  Company.  March  2, 
the  senate  unanimously  (26  voting)  sus- 
tains his  veto — because  it  authorizes  the 
taking  of  private  property  for  public  use 
without  previous  compensation — of  an  act 
to  amend  the  charter  of  the  Elizabethtown, 
Lexington  and  Big  Sandy  Railroad  Com- 
pany ;  and  also,  March  27,  by  16  to  9 — 
because  exceptional  and  unconstitutional — 
his  veto  of  an  act  to  amend  the  charter 
of  the  city  of  Lexington,  so  as  to  continue 
the  councilmen  in  office  for  four  years  after 
their  present  time  expires,  March,  1873, 
and  enable  the  board  to  perpetuate  itself 
by  filling  all  vacancies. 

Feb.  15— While  a  house  bill  to  repeal 
section  9  of  the  act  incorporating  the  free 
Public  Library  of  Ky.  was  pending  in  the 
senate,  Dec.  19,  it  was  further  amended  by 
repealing  part  of  section  7,  which  author- 
izes "5  public  literary,  musical,  or  dramatic 
entertainments,  at  which  they  may  dis- 
tribute, by  lot,  to  patrons  of  the  entertain- 
ments, a  portion  of  the  proceeds  from  the 
sale  of  tickets  of  admission."  But  on  Feb. 
15,  the  senate  withdrew  the  bill  from  the 
house,  and  by  a  vote  of  18  to  12,  receded 
from  the  amendment,  leaving  undisturbed 
the  special  privilege  above.  [On  Feb.  25, 
1871,  the  original  bill  passed  the  house 
without  a  count  of  the  vote,  and,  March  3, 
the  senate,  by  yeas  22,  navs  9:  and  became 
a  law  March  6, 1871,  "the  governor  having 
failed  to  sign  or  return  as  required  by  the 
constitution."] 

Feb.  17— Ohio  river  frozen  over  at  Cov- 
ington— for  the  fourth  time  this  winter; 
the  first  winter  it  has  ever  been  closed  so 
often. 

Feb.  19 — In  Madison  co.,  the  proposition 
to  donate  the  county's  surplus  in  the  stock 
of  their  branch  railroad  towards  founding, 
in  Richmond,  a  college  under  charge  of 
the  Southern  Presbyteri.ans,  voted  down, 
by  1,264  for,  1,626  against— majority  362. 
Richmond  precinct  voted  588  for,  only  49 
against. 

Feb.  20— Deer  driven  from  the  mount- 
ains to  Bourbon  co.,  and  the  bluegrass 
region,  by  the  severely  cold  weather. 

Feb.  22 — In  charging  the  grand  jury  in 
the  U.  S.  district  court  at  Louisville,  Judge 
Bland  Ballard  announced  that  the  juris- 
diction of  that  court  in  all  cases  arising 
under  the  "civil  rights  act"  ceased  Jan. 
30,  1872,  when  the  Ky.  legislature  author- 

Feb.  22— The  senate,  by  20  to  18,  passed 
a  bill  appropriating  $200,000    to  buy  3fiO 


1872. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


225 


acres  of  land  and  erect  thereon  the  Third 
Lunatic  Asylum,  at  some  point  to  be  se- 
lected west  of  the  Tennessee  river.  March 
19  — The  house  considered  the  bill  at 
length,  but  without  decisive  action.  The 
test  votes  stood  36  for  and  43  against  the 
bill.  In  the  remaining  8  days  of  the  ses- 
'sion,  it  was  not  reached  again. 

Feb.  23— A  special  report  of  auditor  D. 
Howard  Smith  to  the  senate,  besides  other 
statistical  information,  gives  the  Receipts 
and  Expenditures  of  the  state  treasury  for 
ordinary  purposes,  from  Oct.  10,  1859,  to 
Oct.  10,  1871,  12  years;  together  with  the 
Surplus  or  Deficit  at  the  close  of  each  fiscal 
year  (10th  Oct.),  and  the  aggregate  value 
of  taxable  property.  The  rate  of  taxa 
tion  per  $100  was  20  cents  in  1860-61,  30 
cents  in  1862-63-64-67-68-69,  40  cents  ii 
1865-66,  and  45  cents  in  1870-71  (the  ad 
dition  of  15  cents  in  1870-71  being  addi- 
tional school  tax.) 

The  returns  for  the  years  1830, 1840,  anc 
1850,  we  have  compiled  from  old  auditors 
reports,  to  show  the  growth  of  the  state  : 


=  3     OMOOeO«OSOtn^ 


{"to  S  w  otS2"e 


Sol    I 


Feb.  23— Death,  at  Chicago,  111.,  a^ed 
66,  of  Rev.  John  H.  Brown,  D.D.,  a  dis- 
tinguished Presbyterian  minister;  born 
March  26,  1806,  in  Greensburg,  Green  co., 
Ky.;  pastor  at  Richmond,  Ky.,  for  17  years, 
and  of  the  McChord  church  at  Lexino-ton 
for  12  years  ;  removed  in  1855  to  Illinois, 


preaching  as  long  as  his  health  lasted,  2 
years  at  Jacksonville,  7  at  Springfield,  and 
nearly  2  at  Chicago  ;  was  a  preacher  of 
ereat  earnestness  and  decided  ability.  Dr. 
Brown's  trial,  in  1851-2-3,  before  the  West 
Lexington  Presbytery  was  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  and  thoroughly  contested  in  Ky. 
ecclesiastical  history.  It  was  on  a  charge 
of  fraud,  Ac,  in  the  sale  of  a  bookstore ; 
occupied  the  presbytery  for  18  days,  besides 
41  days  spent  by  a  commission  in  taking 
testimony.  Feb.  4,  1853,  the  presbytery, 
by  13  to  7,  decided  '*  the  testimony  insuffi- 
cient to  sustain  the  charges,"  and  resolved 
that  Dr.  Brown  "  has  our  undiminished 
confidence,  as  a  man  of  integrity  and  ve- 
racity, and  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel," 
&e.  In  an  arbitration  of  the  case  before 
Frank  K.  Hunt,  Henry  Bell  .and  Benj. 
Gratz,  they  decided.  May  27,  1851,  that 
they  **  found  nothing  in  the  controversy 
which  could  be  construed  to  impair  the  in- 
tegrity or  good  faith  of  Dr.  Brown  ;"  but 
corrected  some  errors,  for  which  provision 
was  made  in  the  written  contmct  of  sale, 
requiring  Dr.  B.  to  refund  $483,  with  in- 
terest. 

Feb.  2.3— Frightful  accident  on  the  Lou- 
isville and  Cincinnati  Short-Line  railroad, 
4  miles  from  Verona  Station,  Boone  co.;  a 
train  goes  through  an  iron  bridge,  25  feet 
high  ;  2  passengers  killed  and  53  wounded, 
of  whom  one  dies. 

Feb.  28 — Legislature  passes  a  resolution 
in  relation  to  the  death,  Feb.  17,  of  Daniel 
Clark,  of  color,  known  as  the  "Ancient 
Governor" — who  came  to  Frankfort  with 
Gov.  Clark  in  1836  as  his  body-servant, 
and  has  thus  remained  attached  to  the  gov- 
ernor's mansion  and  executive  ofBce  ever 
since,  now  nearly  36  years — commending 
him  as  "  a  notable  example  to  all  men, 
white  and  black,  of  industry,  sobriety, 
courtesy  according  to  his  station,  and  in- 
tegrity in  office."  Jan.  27— The  senate, 
by  32  for  and  2  against,  passed  a  bill  giv- 
ing him  a  pension  of  $\2}4  per  month  for 
life — he  beipg  "  a  very  old  and  infirm  m»n, 
not  able  to  work  or  perform  the  full  duties 
of  said  office  any  longer,  and  as  an  evidence 
of  the  appreciation  in  which  Ky.  holds 
his  faithfulness  and  honesty,  and  of  her 
unwillingness  that  he  shall  want  for  a  sup- 
port;" but  his  health  was  failing  fast,  and 
before  the  house  acted  upon  it,  he  had  gone 
to  the  land  where  all  good  governors  go. 
He  was  a  native  African,  and  distinctly 
remembered  his  passage  in  the  slave  ship 
from  the  African  coast  to  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Feb.  28— The  committee  on  military  af- 
fairs in  the  house,  in  reference  to  the  recent 
lawless  outbreaks  in  Franklin  county,  re- 
port, recapitulating  the  outrages  testified 
to,  which  they  ascribe  to  "organized  bands 
of  outlaws  who  do  not  remain  together,  but 
gather  for  a  special  purpose,  and  quietly 
disperse  when  it  is  accomplished."  In 
some  cases,  their  vengeance  was  directed 
against  men  who  had  offended  against  the 
public  peace,  or  were  of  dangerous  char- 
acter or  bad  reputation  ;  in  other  cases  they 
aggravated  or  extended  existing  evils,  and 


I.. .15 


226 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1872. 


were  guilty  of  outrages  more  gross  than 
any  they  had  attempted  to  put  down.  The 
committee  see  no  necessity  for  a  secret 
service  fund  ($50,000  has  been  suggested) 
or  for  a  secret  police.  Some  of  the  law- 
brealiers  are  known  to  the  officers  of  the 
law.  The  latter  and  the  grand  juries,  with 
less  diligence  than  the  committe  has  shown 
would  unravel  many  of  the  so-called  Ku- 
KIux  mysteries, and  find  sufficient  evidence 
for  more  indictments.  "  The  present  laws 
are  sufficient  to  cover  all  the  offenses  of 
which  these  bands  are  guilty,  except  that 
of  sending  anonymous  threatening  letters, 
or  posting  threatening  notices,  and  intim- 
idating quiet  and  law-abiding  people  by 
riding  about  armed  and  disguised."  For 
these  they  recommend  additional  legis- 
lation. 

Feb.  28 — A  communication  from  the  au- 
ditor to  the  house  shows  the  number  of 
judgments  obtained  against  revenue  offi- 
cers since  1861  (all  but  13  in  or  after  1865) 
is  162,  and  the  amounts  thereof  $368,631, 
increased  by  damages,  interest,  costs,  and 
attorney  general's  fees  to  $464,561  ;  on 
which  $357,718  had  been  paid,  and  $106,842 
remained  unpaid. 

March  1  —  Legislature  authorizes  the 
appointment  of  two  sworn  official  phono- 
graphic reporters,  for  the  four  Louisville 
courts,  to  take  short-hand  reports  of  evi- 
dence and  cases,  when  requested  by  either 
party  or  directed  by  the  judge 2— Ap- 
propriates $45,000,  to  extend  the  walls  of 
the  penitentiary,  and  erect  a  prison-house 

and  spinning-walk  for  female  convicts 

5 — Passes  act  for  the  benefit  of  common 

schools Directs    monuments    to    be 

erected  over  the  remains  of  Gov.  John 
Breathitt,  in  the  cemetery  at  Russeliville, 
Logan  CO.,  and  of  Gov.  .John  Adair,  when 
removed  from  Mercer  CO.  to  the  state  cem- 
etery at  Frankfort 8 — Foot  passen- 
gers over  any  bridge  in  which  the  state  has 

an  interest  exempt;  from  toll.. 9 — "For 

the  protection  of  sheep  in  the  counties  of 
Nicholas,  Gallatin  and  Fleming,"  all  dogs 
therein  taxed  $1  for  the  fi'rst  on  each 
place,  and  $5  for  each  additional  one — the 
proceeds  to  be  applied  to  build  school- 
houses  or  pay  teaehers 8— The  law  of 

March  10,  1871,  so  amended,  that  5  com- 
missioners shall  be  nominated  by  the  gov- 
ernor and  court  of  appeals  jointly,  and 
confirmed  by  the  senate — 2  to  revise  the 
statute  laws,  2  to  revise  the  codes  of  prac- 
tice, and  the  5th  to  assist,  and  to  act  as 

umpire 13 — Made  unlawful  to  take 

fish  in  Ky.  river  with  a  seine,  or  set-net,  or 
gill-net;  and  from  April  1  to  May  31  (the 
spawning  season)  to  use  a  gaff,  or  gig,  or 

trap ;  under  penalty  of  $10  to  $30  fine 

13— Made  finable  from  $50  to  $500,  with  3 
to  6  months  imprisonment,  for  any  person  to 
break  the  seal  of  or  open  the  poll-books  until 

the  meeting  of  the  comparing  board 

18— Law  of  March  16,  1869,  for  supplying 
public  books  to  destitute  counties  repealed  ; 
except  as  to  the  counties  not  yet  supplied, 
Boone,  Bourbon,  Casey,  Crittenden, Frank- 
lin, Grayson,  Jackson,  Lyon,  Mason,  Perry 


d  Wolfe.  [A  report  from  the  secretary 
of  state  shows  about  $55,000  paid  to  Robert 
Clarke  &  Co.  of  Cincinnati  for  public  books 
in  place  of  those  "  lost,  worn  out,  or  de- 
stroyed."]  26— The  sinking  fund  to 

be  deposited  in  such  bank  or  banks  in  the 
state  as  will  pay  highest  interest,  not  less 

than  5  per  cent Vice  chancellor  for  th» 

Louisville  chancery  court  to  be  elected 

27— Fine  of  not  over  $100,  or  imprisonment 
not  over  30  days,  for  willfully  destroying 
or  injuring  grave  or  tomb  stones,  or  the 
graves,  or  the  inclosure  around  same  or  the 

flowers  or  shrubbery  therein $50  of 

wages  of  laborers   who   are    housekeepers 

exempt  from  attachment  or  garnishee 

32  pounds  of  cleaned  or  shelled  oats  to  be 
a  legal  bushel Elections  for  repre- 
sentatives in  congress  to  be  by  ballot  here- 
after  28— $250  appropriated  for  library 

for  the  penitentiary Pauper  lunatics, 

when,  as  now,  they  can  not  be  received  in 
the  asylums  for  want  of  room,  to  be  taken 
care  of  by  a  committee  (appointed  by  court) 
who  shall  he  paid  therefor  at  rate  of  $200 
per  annum In  Campbell  co.,  a  "law- 
ful fence,"  if  of  rails,  brick,  stone,  plank, 
or  picketing,  must  be  strong  and  sound, 
and  4  feet  high  ;  or  it  may  be  a  ditch  3  feet 
deep  and  3  feet  broad,  with  a  hedge  2  feet 
high, or  if  of  said  other  material  then  2H  ft. 
high  on  the  margin  of  the  ditch — the  hedge 
or  fence  so  close  that  cattle  or  other  stock 

cannot   creep   through Unlawful  'o 

drive  deer  with  dogs,  unless  owner  of  lands 

consent Streets  of  a  city  or  town  may, 

on  certain  conditions,  be  extended  into  the 

country Before    assessing,   assessor 

shall  administer  oath;  sheriff  shall  sell 
land  to  pay  taxes,  not  paid  by  Nov.  I,  and 
give  certificate  of  sale,  but  the  land  may 
be  redeemed  within  two  years Mili- 
tary claims  already  audited  by  the  quar- 
termaster general,  to  amount  of  $4,768, 
ordered  to  be  paid Auditor  is  author- 
ized, where  proper,  to  remit  all  damages 
on  3-years'  delinquent  tax-payers,  except 
10  per  cent,  per  annum  interest  and  the 
agents'  commissions. 

March  1— The  senate,  after  striking  out 
the  proposed  state  appropriation  of  $50,000 
and  also  of  $25,000,  passed,  by  29  to  2,  the 
act  to  incorporiite  the  Central  Kentucky 
Inebriate  Asylum  in  Boyle  oo.  It  passed 
the  house,  and  was  approved  by  the  gov- 
ernor, March  28. 

March  4— The  first  train  of  cars  from 
Maysville  to  Paris  leaches  the  latter  place, 
21  years  after  the  Maysville  and  Lexing- 
ton railroad  was  begun. 

March  8— James  McNeale,  an  old  man, 
murdered  near  Shelby  city,  Boyle  co.,  while 
defending  his  wife  from  outrage  by  a  negro 
or  negroes.  Two  negroes  were  imprisoned 
in  Danville,  on  the  charge,  and  threats  of 
lynching  rumored.  A  largo  number  of 
negroes  paraded  the  streets,  declaring  that 
the  accused  should  not  be  lynched,  but 
have  a  fair  trial.  Tom  Guthrie  was  con- 
victed, April  20,  and  sentenced  to  be  hung 
July  5  ;  after  sentence,  made  a  full  con- 
fession of  guilt. 


1872. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


227 


March  6 — Swigert's  block,  5  stores  with 
dwellings  over  them,  burned  at  Frankfort ; 
loss  $40,000  ;  an  infant  burned  to  death. 

March  8— Bourbon  Lodge  No.  226,  of 
Good  Templars,  pass  resolutions  "  hailing 
with  joy  the  noble  example  set  by  Gov. 
Preston  H.  Leslie,  in  excluding  all  intox- 
icating liquors  from  his  sideboard,  at  a 
recent  reception,"  ifec. 

March  9 — First  locomotive  crosses  from 
Ohio  to  Ky.  on  the  Cincinnati  and  New- 
port railroad-bridge. 

March  13 — Republican  state  convention 
at  Louisville;  J.  B.  Stansberry  (colored) 
temporary  secretary.  Because  a  pledge  to 
support  the  nominees  of  the  Philadelphia 
convention  was  demanded,  and  because 
also  of  what  they  deemed  the  uncourteous 
treatment  of  one  of  their  number  by  the 
chairman,  14  (one  colored)  of  the  17  dele- 
gates from  Kenton  CO.  withdrew.  Dele- 
gates selected  in  favor  of  Gen.  Grant's  re- 
election as  president. 

March  14 — The  governor  and  the  judges 
of  the  court  of  appeals  jointly  nominate  and 
the  senate  confirms  Richard  A.  Buckner, 
jr.,  of  Lexington,  and  Joshua  F.  Bullitt, 
of  Louisville,  as  commissioners  to  revise 
the  codes  of  practice  ;  Edward  I.  Bullock, 
of  Hickman  co.,  and  Elijah  C.  Phister,  of 
Maysville,  to  revise  the  statutes;  and  Geo. 
W.  Craddock,  of  Frankfort,  to  assist  in  the 
labors  of  both  revisions,  and  act  as  umpire 
at  all  the  joint  meetings  of  all  said  com- 
missioners. Judge  Phister  declined,  and, 
March  28,  Robert  T.  Davis,  of  Paris,  was 
appointed  ;  who  also  declined,  and  James 
Monroe  Nesbitt,  of  Owingsville,  Bath  CO., 
was  appointed. 

March  14 — Suspension  of  the  Louisville 
Daily  Sun. 

March  18 — Legislature  lays  off  the  state 
into  10  congressional  districts,  thus  : 

1st— Ballard,  Caldwell,  Calloway,  Crit- 
tenden, Fulton,  Graves,  Hickman,  Living- 
ston, Lyon,  McCracken,  Marshall,  and 
Trigg  counties. 

2d — Christian,  Daviess,  Hancock,  Hen- 
derson, Hopkins,  McLean,  Muhlenburg, 
Ohio,  Union,  and  Webster  counties. 

3d— AUen.Barren, Butler,  Clinton, Cum- 
berland, Edmonson,  Logan,  Metcalfe, Mon- 
roe, Simpson,  Todd,  and  Warren  counties. 

4th  —  Breckinridge,  Bullitt,  Grayson, 
Green,  Hardin, Hart,Larue,  Marion, Meade, 
Nelson,  Spencer,  and  Washington  counties. 

5th— Jefferson  and  Oldham  counties. 

6th— Boone,  Campbell,  Carroll,  Gallatin, 
Grant,  Harrison,  Kenton,  Pendleton,  and 
Trimble  counties. 

7th— Bourbon,  Clark,  Fayette,  Franklin, 
Henry,  Jessamine,  Owen,  Scott,  Shelby, 
and  Woodford  counties. 

8  th — Adair,  Anderson,  Boyle,  Casey,  Gar- 
rard, Lincoln,  Madison,  Mercer,  Pulaski, 
Russell,  Taylor,  and  Wayne  counties. 

9th  —  Breathitt,  Clay,  Elliott,  Estill, 
Floyd,  Harlan,  Jackson,  Josh  Bell,  Knox, 
Laurel,  Lee,  Letcher,  Magoffin,  Menifee, 
Montgomery,  Morgan, Owsley,  Perry, Pike, 
Powell,    Rockcastle,  Whitley,  and    Wolfe 


10th  — Bath,  Boyd,  Bracken,  Carter, 
Fleming,  Greenup,  Johnson,  Lawrence, 
Lewis,  Mason,  Martin,  Nicholas,  Robert- 
son, and  Rowan  counties. 

March  18  — The  joint  committee  ap- 
pointed by  the  legislature  to  visit  Ken- 
tucky Agricultural  College  at  Lexington, 
and  make  certain  inquiries,  reported  that 
"  the  contract  between  K  y.  University  and 
the  state  has  not  been  violated,  that  the 
former  has  spent  annually  over  $15,000 
more  for  said  college  than  the  state  pays, 
that  it  is  not  desirable  to  take  from  that 
institution  the  interest  on  the  agricultural 
fund — as  this  would  seem  like  an  attempt 
to  injure  a  great  college  which  is  not  only 
non-sectarian,  but  broad,  catholic,  and 
comprehensive  in  its  spirit  and  scope." 

March  19 — Sharp  newspaper  controversy 
between  Gen.  Stephen  G.  Burbridge,  of 
Covington,  and  Col.  Walter  Evans,  of  Hop- 
kinsville,  about  the  vacancy  in  1870  in  the 
Hopkinsville  post-office. 

March  19 — In  the  senate,  the  resolution 
in  relation  to  the  removal  of  the  state  cap- 
ital was  postponed  indefinitely. 

March  20 — A  bill  providing  for  a  geo- 
logical, mineralogical,  and  chemical  sur- 
vey of  the  state  failed  in  the  house,  yeas 
48,  nays  32,  three  less  than  a  constitutional 
majority. 

March  20 — The  legislature  incorporated 
the  Boone  Bridge  Company,  capital  $2,- 
000,000,  with  exclusive  right  for  99  years 
to  build  and  operate  a  railroad  and  foot  pas- 
senger bridge  across  the  Ohio  river,  "from 
some  convenient  point  within  the  corpo- 
rate limits  of  the  city  of  Louisville  to  some 
convenient  point  on  the  Indiana  side;" 
and  the  city  of  Louisville  (on  behalf  of  its 
eastern  district,  which  alone  shall  be  taxed 
to  pay  the  interest  and  principal)  is  author- 
ized to  subscribe,  if  the  people  so  direct 
by  vote,  not  less  than  $500,000  nor  more 
than  $1,000,000  of  the  capital  stock. 

March  20— In  the  contested  election 
cases  in  the  house,  John  N.  Woods  (Repub- 
lican), the  sitting  member  from  Crittenden 
CO.,  was  awarded  the  seat,  by  44  to  34. 
Wm.  Cassius  Goodloe  (Republican),  the 
sitting  member  from  Fayette,  was  unani- 
mously (81  voting)  decided  to  be  legally 
elected.  Benj.  E.  Woodworth  (Democrat) 
was,  by  53  to  35,  decided  not  to  be  legally 
elected  from  Lewis  co.,  and  the  seat  now 
occupied  by  Thos.  Jefferson  Walker  (Re- 
publican) declared  to  be  vacant ;  Col.  Geo. 
M.  Thomas  (Republican)  was  elected  to 
fill  the  vacancy  (Thomas  949,  Woodworth 
791),  and  took  his  seat,  Feb.  21. 

March  21 — A  report  of  the  auditor  to  the 
house  shows  nearly  $9,000  in  the  state 
treasury  to  the  credit  of  the  "  Old  Bank 
of  Kentucky,"  and  that  said  bank  is  in- 
debted to  individual  depositors  $1,315,  and 
to  stockholders  for  unclaimed  dividends 
between  1808  and  1845,  $21,942. 

.March  21— The  Louisville  Ledcier,  pub- 
lished at  3  p.  M.,  says  (a  remarkable  illus- 
tration of  the  wonders  of  the  telegraph): 
"  Our  London  (England)  dispatches  at  1:30 
this  p.  M.  report  the  heaviest  snow-storm 


228 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1872. 


in  14  months  prevailing  there,  and  the  city 
enveloped  in  a  dense  fog,  making  it  as 
dark  as  midnight." 

Jlarch  23— Estill  co.,  by  960  for,  638 
ngainst,  subscribes  $150,000  stock  in  the 
Richmond  and  Three  Forks  of  Ky.  rail- 
road ;  and,  April  4,  Lee  co.  subscribes 
850,000,  by  an  almost  unanimous  vote, 
(only  10  against  it.) 

March  25 — Legislature  amends  the  law 
in  reference  to  lotteries,  increasing  the  fine 
to  not  less  than  $500  nor  more  than  $10,000, 
for  setting  up,drawing,  managing,  or  other- 
wise promoting  lotteries  for  money  or  other 
thing.  [The  law.  Revised  Statutes,  i,  405, 
is  very  severe,  and  the  fine  heavy,  for 
writing,  printing,  or  selling  lottery  tickets, 
for  advertising  lotteries,  or  for  permitting 
them  to  be  drawn  or  tickets  sold  in  any 
house.] 

March  25 — A  message  from  Gov.  Leslie 
to  the  senate  shows  the  sum  of  §354,599.59 
collected  from  the  U.  S.  government  s 
March  10,  1870,  for  advances  made  by  Ky, 
during  the  war,  under  the  act  of  congress 
to  indemnify  the  states  for  such  advance: 
out  of  which  was  paid  to  agents  and  othi 
costs  of  collection  $39,815.73.  $525,258.72 
additional  has  been  adjusted  by  the  ac- 
counting officers  of  the  V.  S.  treasury  and 
declared  to  be  due  to  Ky.,  but  is  improp- 
erly withheld  by  Geo.  S.  Boutwell,  U.  S. 
'  secretary  of  the  treasury.  [It  was  paid,  in 
summer  of  1872,  under  a  special  act  of  con- 
gress.] $540,301.33  is  still  .due,  but  un- 
adjusted. 

March  28— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged 
60,  of  Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall.  [See 
sketch,  under  .Jefferson  co.] 

March  28— Kentucky  and  Great  Eastern 
railroad,  146  miles,  from  Newport  along 
or  near  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio  river 
to  Catlettsburg,  Boyd  co.,  announced  as 
under  contract  to  be  built  by  Alton  &  Beach, 
of  New  York  city. 

April  1 — Louisville,  Cincinnati  and  Cov- 
ington railroad  trains  transferred  from  Cov- 
ington, its  terminus  hitherto,  to  Newport, 
and  trips  extended  to  Cincinnati  over  the 
new  railroad  bridge.  Louisville  newspa- 
pers and  some  citizens  claim  that  the  open- 
ing of  this  bridge  transfers  the  terminus 
of  the  great  Pennsylvania  Central  railroad 
from  Cincinnati  to  Louisville. 

April  3 — 'Death,  at  Owensboro,  of  Maj. 
John  P.  Thompson,  clerk  of  the  Daviess 
CO.  circuit  court ;  he  was  the  first  man  in 
Ky.  who  raised  a  company  of  soldiers  for 
the  Confederate  army. 

April  5— Suspension  of  the  Frankfort 
Cnmmomoeallh,  by  Col.  Albert  G.  Hodges, 
its  founder  39  years  ago;  he  is  unwilling 
to  advocate  the  renomination  of  President 
Grant  for  a  second  term. 

April  8 — H.aiIstorm  at  4  a.  m.  so  severe 
as  to  kill  Iambs  in  a  field  near  Lexington. 

April  8 — Severe  rain-storm  over  a  large 
portion  of  the  state  ;  freshets  in  small 
streams ;  some  turnpikes  and  railroads 
greatly  damaged  by  washing,  and  loss  of 
bridging;  two  young  men  near  Louisville, 
Wm.  Mardis,  aged  TO,  in  Taylor  co.,  and 


a  little  child  of  Mr.  Masters  in  Franklin 
CO.,  killed  by  lightning;  C.  A.  Bright 
drowned  in  Shelby  co.;  a  man  drowned, 
and  barn  with  cro])  of  tobacco  swept  away, 
in  Bracken  Co.;  at  Falmouth,  Pendleton  co., 
a  sawmill  struck  by  lighning  and  burnt; 
100  coal  barges,  half  of  them  loaded  with 
coal,  swept  off  from  Covington. 

April  9  —  Greatest  flood  in  the  upper 
Kentucky  river  since  1817;  river  rose  15 
feet  in  6  hours;  over  20,000  saw-logs,  the 
property  of  poor  people,  floated  off  and 
lost;  above  Irvine,  Estill  co.,  most  of 
those  residing  on  the  river  bottoms  were 
driven  from  their  homes  by  the  rising 
flood ;  many  houses,  coal  and  iron  boats, 
corn  boats,  (fee,  washed  away,  and  stock 
drowned.  Eagle  creek,  in  Grant,  Owen, 
Carroll  and  Gallatin  counties,  was  4  feet 
higher  than    ever   known ;  great    damage 

April  10 — Portion  of  the  new  hemp  fac- 
tory in  the  penitentiary  destroyed  by  fire ; 
loss  $29,800  ;  one  convict  killed  and  several 
injured  by  the  falling  of  the  cornice. 

April  13— Ole  Bull,  the  great  Norwegian 
violinist,  gives  a  concert  at  Lexington. 

April  — Fire  at  Smithland,  Livingston 
CO.;  a  hotel,  3  business  houses,  and  fi  dwell- 
ings burned. 

April  Ifi— Rev.  Stuart  Robinson,  D.D., 
of  Louisville,  sues  the  St.  Louis  Democrat 
for  $50,000  damages,  for  a  libel,  in  con- 
necting his  name  with  the  slanderous  re- 
port of  distributing  in  the  North  during 
the  civil  war  infected  clothing.  He  had 
previously  sued  the  Chicago  Evening  Post, 
for  $100,000  damages,  for  libel  in  publish- 
ing that  he  had  advised  a  congregation  to 
which  he  preached  to  ship  infected  cloth- 
ing to  the  United  States. 

April  16  —  Oil  well  struck,  at  Boyd's 
creek.  Barren  co.,  near  Glasgow  station, 
L.  &  N.  B.  R.,  which  flowed  150  barrels 
per  day,  with  prospect  of  increasing. 

April  18 — Committee  on  public  buildings 
in  the  U.  S.  house  of  representatives  rec- 
ommend the  appropriation  of  $100,000  for 
erecting  a  post  ofiice  and  custom-house  in 
Covington. 

April  24— LouisviIle,CinciDnati  and  Lex- 
ington Railroad  Co.  purchases,  at  $23,000 
per  mile,  the  branch  railroad  from  Anchor- 
age to  Shelbyville,  18  miles. 

April  24  —  Robert  Bonner's  celebrated 
(Ky.)  colt  Startle,  at  Fleetwood  Park,  New 
York  city,  trots  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  33 
seconds  —  the  fastest  trotting  to  a  road 
wagon  ever  done  by  a  horse  of  any  age, 
except  that  precisely  the  same  had  been 
done  by  Dexter.  Startle  had  trotted  a 
half  mile  to  a  road  wagon,  on  a  heavy 
track,  in  1:09?^.  Mr.  Bonner  paid  $20,000 
for  him  in  March,  1871,  and  refused  an 
offer  of  $35,000  for  him. 

April  24— Death,  at  Louisville,  aged  52, 
of  Gen.  John  C.  McFerran  ;  born  in  Glas- 
gow, Barren  co.,  son  of  Judge  AV.  R.  Mc- 
Ferran ;  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1843, 
and  promoted  to  brevet  2d  lieutenant,  3d 
'nfantry  ;  was  at  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto 
md  Resaca  do  la  Palma,  in  the  Mexican 


ANNALS    OF   KENTUCKY. 


war;  assistant  quartermaster  in  1855: 
Nov.  1863,  chief  of  staff  to  Brig.  Gen. 
Carleton  ;  1865,  in  the  action  of  Peralta, 
New  Mexico  ;  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful 
and  meritorious  services  during  the  rebell- 
ion was  made  brevet  lieutenant  colonel, 
brevet  colonel,  and  brevet  brigadier  gen- 
eral U.  S.  army  ;  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
was  deputy  quartermaster  general  U.  S. 
■  army,  and  chief  quartermaster  Department 
of  the  South.  He  was  a  noble  and  faithful 
officer  and  an  estimable  gentleman. 

April  25— Mrs.  Emily  H.  Tubman,  (nSe 
Thomas),  of  Augusta,  Georgia,  attests  her 
love  for  her  native  place,  Frankfort,  Ky., 
by  having  rebuilt  there,  in  a  far  more  e'le 
gant  and  enduring  manner,  in  place  of  th 
one  destroyed  by  the  great  fire  of  Oct.  3 
1870,  the  Christian  (or  Reformed)  Church  ; 
total  cost  over  $26,000. 

April  27— Bourbon  co.  subscribes  $400,- 
000  to  the  Frankfort,  Paris  and  Big  Sandy 
railroad;    1,672   for,    l,38i   against— maj. 


ad.  G.  Curtin  ...  62  

Imon  P.  Chase     2K  1  24 

B.  Gratz  Brown,  of  Mo.  (a  native  of  Lex- 
gtpn,  Ky.)  nominated  for  vice  president 


April  27 — Formal  opening  of  the  Public 
Library  of  Ky.  at  Louisville,  Col.  Reuben 
T.  Durrett  president;  oration  by  J.  Proctor 
Knott,  poem  by  Ben.  Casseday ;  20,000 
volumes  already  in  the  library,  and  100,000 
specimens  in  the  museum. 

April  29— D.aring  robbery  of  the  National 
Bank  of  Columbia,  Adair  co.  Five  men 
enter  the  town  about  noon,  and  make  some 
small  purchases  at  the  stores  ;  at  2  p.  jr. 
remount  their  horses,  ride  rapidly  to  the 
bank,  where  three  dismount  and  enter, 
present  their  guns  and  drive  from  the  bank 
Jas.  Garnett,  Jas.  T.  Page,  and  W.  H. 
Hudson ;  kill  the  cashier,  R.  A.  C.  Martin, 
because  he  refused  to  unlock  the  burglar- 
proof  safe  ;  rob  the  bank  of  about  $4,000 
in  the  cash  drawer,  and  some  bunds  (special 
deposits);  and  make  good  their  escape, 
those  outside  having  stood  effectual  guard 
on  horseback,  riding  and  shooting  up  and 
down  the  street,  thus  keeping  it  clear 
Gov.  Leslie  offers  $5,000  reward  for  thei: 
capture,  or  $1,000  for  either;  the  banki 
increase  the  reward  to  $8,750,  but  up  to 
Nov.  1st,  none  had  been  caught. 

April  29— $298,000  of  state  bonds  and 
$128,000  of  interest  coupons,  redeemed  and 
canceled  since  May  10,  1871,  burnt  by  the 
state  officers  at  Frankfort. 

April  —Charles  K.  Caron's  Louisville 
Directory  for  1872,  recently  issued,  con- 
tains 36,486  names,  or  2,020  more  than 
that  for  1871 ;  corresponding  increase  of 
population  estimated  at  8,000,  and  present 
population  of  the  city  at  145,944.  Esti- 
mated banking  capital  $12,000,000,  with 
over  $7,000,000  deposits  ;  capital  employed 
in  manufactures  $18,000,000,  with  annual 
product  of  $20,000,000. 

May  1  — Liberal  Republican  national 
convention  at  Cincinnati  nominates  Horace 
Greeley  for  president  on  the  6th  ballot : 
Horace  Greeley ..147  245  258  251  258  482 
Chas.  F.  Adams. 203  243  264  279  309  187 
Lym.Trumbull.UO     148  146  141     91 

David  Davis 921^  75     44     41     30  

B.  Gratz  Brown  95         2       2       2       2 


the  2d  ballot 

May  4— Barren  co.,  by  000  majority, 
votes  a  subscription  of  $350,000  to  the 
Cumberland  and  Ohio  railroad  ;  the  prop- 
osition   had    been    defeated    three    times 

May  6— Meeting  of  the  Supreme  Coun- 
cil, Thirty-third  Degree  of  the  Ancient 
and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of  Free  Ma- 
sonry, at  Louisville — instead  of  at  San 
Francisco,  changed  because  the  Psieific 
railroads  refused  to  carry  the  members  at 
half  fare,  thus  losing  $35,000. 

May  8  — Meeting,  at  Lexington,  of 
prominent  alumni  of  Centre  College  and 
others,  who  inaugurate  a  movement  for  a 
great  university  in  Ky.,  the  theological 
department  to  be  under  control  of  the 
(Southern)  Presbyterian  church.  $50,000 
subscribed,  towards  an  endowment  of 
$500,000. 

May  8 — Destruction  by  fire  (incendiary), 
at  Paris,  Bourbon  co.,  at  lOX  P.  u.,  of  the 
court  house  — built  in  1797-99  by  Thos. 
Metcalfe  (afterwards  governor  of  Ky.)  and 
his  uncle  John  Metcalfe.  The  clerks'  oflS- 
ces,  although  biidly  damaged,  were  saved, 
with  all  the  county  records. 

May  15 — First  regular  train  from  Lex- 
ington to  Winchester  on  the  Lexington 
and  Big  Sandy  railroad. 

May  17— L'ocusts- variously  called  7- 
year,  13-year,  and  17-year  locusts— make 
their  appearance  in  greater  numbers  than 
at  any  time  since  1836  and  1852. 

May  20— Mr.  Holden,  of  Warsaw,  Gal- 
latin CO.,  sells  a  horse  for  $2,000— the  high- 
est price  ever  paid  in  Ky.  for  a  saddle 
horse. 

May  25  —  Graves  of  the  Confederate 
dead,  in  several  cemeteries,  decorated  with 

June  5 — Kentucky  Press  Association  4th 
annual  meeting  and  banquet  at  Bowling- 
green.  Poem  by  Jas.  W.  Hopper,  of  the 
Lebanon  Standard,  annual  address  by  Geo. 
W.  Baber,  of  the  Bowlinggreen  Democratj 
and  historical  address  by  Richard  H.  Col- 
lins. At  4  p.  M.,  the  beautiful  Fountain 
Park  dedicated  ;  address  by  Henry  Wat- 
terson,  editor  of  the  Louisville  Courier- 
June,  8— Bath  CO.,  by  149  majority  (700 
for,  651  against),  votes  a  subscription  of 
$150,000  to  the  Frankfort,  Paris  and  Big 
Sandy  railroad. 

June  14— John  James  Key,  on  the  3d 
trial  at  Flemingsburg,  for  the  murder,  at 
Maysville,  of  his  father,  John  R.  Key, 
acquitted  on  the  ground  of  insanity.  The 
speech  of  Wm.  Henry  Wadsworth  in  his 
defense  said  to  be  one  of  the  most  power- 
ful and  brilliant  ever  delivered  in  a  Ky. 
court.  On  the  1st  trial,  June,  1870,  the 
jury  stood  10  for  conviction,  2  for  acquit- 
tal. On  the  2d  trial,  June,  1871,  a  verdict 
f  guilty  was  found,  but  set  aside  because 
of  the  misconduct  of  a  juror. 


230 


AXXALS   OF    KENTUCKr. 


1872. 


June  17 — City  of  Covington,  to  meet  her 
maturing  bonded  and  floating  debt,  sells 
$150,000  20-year  7-30  bonds  at  99  1-5, 
and  $100,000  8-per-cent.  income  bonds 
at  par. 

June  18 — President  Grant  signs  the  Ky. 
war  claim  bill  just  passed  by  congress — 
appropriating  $1,000,000  to  pay  any  proper 
claims  of  Ky.  for  money  expended  for  state 
forces  after  Aug.  24,  1861. 

June  19 — First  exclusively  negro  jury  in 
Ky.  serves  at  a  coroner's  inquest,  at  Lou- 
isville, over  the  body  of  a  negro,  who  died 
from  wounds  inflicted  by  another  negro  on 
steamer  Robert  Burns,  May  29. 

June  19 — Fastest  trotting  race  to  har- 
ness on  record,  over  the  mile  track  at  Mys- 
tic Park  near  Boston  :  Goldsmith  Maid 
beats  Lucy, 

1st  heat,  14,  0..36 14,  1:10. ..mile  2:21. 

2d     "       M,0.34}^...}^,  1:07... K"  2:165^. 

3d     "       i<i,0.35 K,  I.IO-      "2:195i. 

The   next  week,  Robert   Bonner's   horse, 
Joe  Elliott,  made  a  mile  privately,  in  2:15. 

June  19— First  annual  exhibition  of  fine 
tobacco  at  Hopkinsville,  Christian  co.,  "  a 
grand  success;"  145  hogsheads  entered. 

June  20— Fayette  co.  court  of  claims  re- 
fuses to  submit  to  a  vote  of  the  people  the 
proposition  to  subscribe  $200,000  to  lock 
and  dam  Ky.  river. 

June  20  —  Democratic  state  convention 
at  Frankfort ;  candidates  for  presidential 
electors,  and  delegates  to  the  national  con- 
vention, appointed. 

June  26  —  Great  sale  of  thoroughbred 
and  trotting  stock  at  Woodburn,  in  Wood- 
ford CO.,  the  stud  farm  of  A.  J.  Alexander  ; 
53  head  sold  for  about  $45,000. 

July  1 — Boone  co.  court  levies  the  bounty 
tax,  which  now  amounts  to  about  $2  on 
the  $100,  and  the  cost  of  litigation  to  per- 
haps $1:50  more. 

July  2  — Great  2]4-m\\e  race  at  Long 
Branch, between  Jno.  Harper's  Longfellow 
and  Col.  McDaniels'  Harry  Bassett  (both 
Ky.  horses),  won  by  the  former.  The 
result : 
1st  quarter,  0.26Ji 


0.24K 

Half  mile. 

61^4 

0.27 

% 

1.1 8}4 

0.255^ 

1 

" 

1.44 

0.26^ 

IK 

miles, 

2.1014 

0.271^ 

IM 

" 

2.31% 

(1.29% 

IM 

" 

3.0754 

0.29J4 

2 

" 

3.36  J^ 

0.30 

■iM 

" 

4.06K 

0.27>^ 

2K 

" 

4.34 

the  CO 

mmon 

pleas 

court,  at 

10th     " 

July  3- 
Louisville,  John  S.  Kline  recovers  of  S.  F. 
Dawes  $1,000  damages,  for  his  clerk's  mis- 
take in  putting  up  the  wrong  drug  in  com- 
pounding his  prescription — cantharides  in- 
stead of  stramonium, 

July  3 — John  G.  Baxter,  mayor,  reports 
having  sold  in  New  York  the  150  30-year 
road-bed  bonds,  dated  July  1,  1871,  and 
the  200  20-year  7-per  cent,  oity  institution 
bonds,  dated  June  1,  1872,  nt  net  90  1-16 
per  cent,  and  accrued  interest — •"  the  very 
best  sale  ever  made  of  Louisville  city 
bonds."      "  Net  amount  $326,885.45,  and 


no  expenses  to  be  deducted  for  commission, 
expressage,  or  otherwise." 

July  9, 10— Democratic  national  conven- 
tion at  Baltimore  on  the  1st  ballot  nomi- 
nates Horace  Greeley  for  president  (Greeley 
686,  Jas.  A.  Bayard  20,  J.  S.  Black  21, 
Wm.  S.  Groesbeck  2);  and  B.  Gr.atz  Brown 
for  vice  president  (Brown  713,  John  W. 
Stevenson,  of  Ky.,  6,  blank  13.  Both  nom- 
inations were  made  unanimous. 

July  16— Great  2!4-mile  race  at  Sara- 
toga ;  Longfellow  beaten  by  Harry  B.-issett 
a  length  in  3:59.  One  of  Longfellow's 
plates  broke,  twisted  round,  and  cut  the 
opposite  foot  and  leg  badly,  disabling  his 
leg  ;  yet  he  ran  the  race  out,  and  was  game 
to  the  last.  [The  first  2  miles,  while  they 
were  lapped,  were  made  in  3:30  ;  or  26% 
to  the  quarter,  and  at  the  rate  of  7:00  for 
four  miles — the  fastest  time  ever  made.] 

July  —Madison  co.,  by  1,596  for,  641 
against — majority  955 — votes  a  subscrip- 
tion of  $200,000  to  the  Richmond  and  Es- 
till railroad.  Crittenden  co.  votes  down 
the  proposition  to  subscribe  $200,000  in 
the  Clarksville  and  Princeton  railroad,  and 
$150,000  to  the  Evansville  and  Jackson 
railroad. 

July  20— Building  of  the  Louisville  In- 
dustrial Exposition  inaugurated,  with  ad- 
dresses by  Gen.  Wm.  Preston,  Gov.  Thos. 
E.  Bramlette,  Gen.  John  W.  Finnell,  Ben. 
J.  Webb,  and  Martin  Bijur,  before  a  large 
audience.  It  is  of  brick,  of  magnificent 
appearance  and  proportions,  two  stories 
high,  330  feet  long  by  230  feet  broad,  on 
the  corner  of  4th  and  Chestnut  streets. 

July  — Dedication  of  the  elegant  new 
Centre  College  building  at  Danville,  and 
inauguration  of  president  Ormond  Beatty, 
LL.D.,  of  vice  president  Rev.  John  L. 
McKee,  D.D.,  and  of  the  professor  of  nat- 

Aug.  5 — John  Larkin,  with  a  five-horse 
team,  hauls  16,300  pounds  of  barley  at  one 
load,  on  the  turnpike  from  beyond  Mays- 
lick,  Mason  co.,  14  miles,  to  Maysville. 

Aug.  5 — In  Covington,  the  proposition 
to  subscribe  $500,000  towards  buildine  » 
railroad  bridge,  with  free  footways,  be- 
tween that  city  and  Cincinnati- received 
2,486  votes  for  it,  to  639  against- maj. 
1,847.  The  new  charter  was  defeated — 
1,129  for,  1,335  against— maj.  206.  The 
total  vote  polled  in  Covington  was  3,540, 
and  in  Kenton  co.  5,231— the  largest  ever 
cast. 

Aug.  7 — Election  of  sheritTs  throughout 
the  state.  In  the  second  district,  Wm.  S. 
Pryor  elected  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals; 
Pryor  23,089,  John  W.  Menzies  4,350— 
maj.  18,739. 

Aug.  8  —  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  to  be  removed  to  Ky.  and  located 
at  Louisville— if  $300,900  be  raised  in  Ky. 
towards  its  buildings  and  endowment. 

Aug.  10 — A  great  freshet  in  Lick  creek, 
Carroll  CO.,  caused  by  a  very  heavy  rain 
during  Sunday  morning  service,  carries  off 
the  church  (with  the  congregation  in  it)  a 
distance  of  several  hundred  yards,  and 
lodges  it  against  a  tree.     A  mother,  in  at- 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


231 


tempting  to  escape,  let  her  child  fall  into 
the  water,  and  it  wa3  drowned. 

Aug.  10— Wingofthenewcapitol  build- 
ing p:irtially  unroofed  by  a  violent  storm 
of  wind  and  rain. 

Aug.  12— Death,  in  Madison  co.,  aged 
108.  of  Enos  Hendren. 

Aug.  14 — Intense  excitement  in  financial 
circles  in  Louisville, caused  by  the  culmina- 
tion and  exposure  of  the  systematic  frauds 
and  forgeries  of  Robert  Atwood,  a  promi- 
nent insurance  agent  of  the  firm  of  At- 
wood &  Nicholas— in  extent  over  $445,000, 
and  involving  in  heavy  losses,  if  not  in 
financial  ruin,  many  of  his  friends,  among 
the  best  citiisens.  The  grand  jury,  a  few 
days  after,  returned  .38  indictments  against 
him  for  forgery,  and  the  court  fixed  his 
bail  at  $57,000  ;  it  was  not  given,  and  he 
was  remanded  to  jail,  to  await  his  trial. 

Aug.  18,  19  —  Tabbs  Gross— a  colored 
man  who,  before  the  war,  had  purchased 
his  freedom  in  Mason  Co.,  where  he  was 
born  and  raised,  and  had  become  exten- 
sively known  as  a  speaker,  and  recently  as 
a  lawyer  and  editor  at  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
waited  on  at  2  A.  M.,  Sunday,  at  his  resi- 
dence in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  by  about  20 
armed  negroes,  and  threatened  with  death 
unless  he  should  leave  that  city  by  9:40 
p.  M.;  all  because,  on  the  night  before,  he 
had  made  a  speech  in  Newport,  Ky.,  in 
favor  of  Horace  Greeley  for  next  president. 
He  crossed  the  river  to  'Covington,  Ky., 
where  a  large  crowd  turned  out  to  hear  him 
speak,  on  Monday  night,  and  protect  him. 

Aug.  22  to  27— Methodist  E.  Church 
South  camp- meeting  at  Parks'  Hill,  on 
Licking  river,  6  miles  north  of  Carlisle, 
Nicholas  co.;  over  5,000  people  in  attend- 

Aug.  28— The  net  yearly  income  of  the 
Wm.  Garth  educational  fund,  in  Bourbon 
CO.,  is  $3,250,  and  provides  for  15  young 
men  a  liberal  education. 

Sept.  1  to  25— Great  drouth  in  Fulton 
CO.,  and  in  several  counties  in  central  Ky., 
Franklin,  Fayette,  Clark,  &e.  Water  for 
cooking  and  "for  stock  hauled  3  to  7  miles. 
Springs  dry  which  were  never  known  to 
fail. 

Sept.  3  —  Death,  near  Mountsterling, 
Montgomery  co.,  aged  91,  of  Gen.  Samuel 
L.  Williams  ;  a  native  of  Virginia,  but  em- 
igrated to  Ky.  in  his  youth,  served  with 
distinction  in  the  war  of  1812,  in  both 
branches  of  the  Ky.  legislature,  and  in 
other  offices  of  honor  and  trust.  He  was 
the  father  of  Gen.  John  S.  ("Cerro  Gordo") 
Williams  and  of  Gen.  Dick  Williams. 

Sept.  3,  4,  5  —  National  convention,  at 
Louisville,  of  "  straight-out  Democrats," 
who  bolt  or  repudiate  the  action  of  the  reg- 
ular Democratic  convention  at  Baltimore, 
in  nominating  the  Liberal  Republican  can- 
didates for  president  and  vice  president, 
Horace  Greeley  and  B.  Gratz  Brown.  A 
long  letter  from  Chas.  O'Conor,  of  New 
York  city,  is  read,  and,  Sept.  4,  he  is  nom- 
inated for  president,  receiving  600  votes, 
to  4  cast  for  Geo.  H.  Pendleton  (whom 
several  delegates  denounce  as  a  "  Greeley 


Democrat.")  For  vice  president,  the  1st 
ballot  stood  :  Jno.  Quinoy  Adams,  of  Mass., 
213;  Alfred  P.  Edgerton,  of  Ind.,  222; 
James  Lynns,  of  Va.  (president  of  the  con- 
vention) 154;  Henry  A.  Wise,  of  Va.,  16. 
2d  ballot :  Adams  195,  Edgerton  249,  Lyons 
162.  While  the  3d  ballot  was  being  taken, 
delegates  began  changing  their  votes,  amid 
the  wildest  enthusiasm,  for  Adams,  and  ha 
received  almost  a  unanimous  vote  and  the 
Domination.  In  a  telegram  from  Chas. 
O'Conor,  he  declined  the  nomination,  pro- 
ducing great  confusion  and  much  trepida- 
tion about  its  genuineness.  5th — John  Q. 
Adams  telegraphed  :  "  I  will  gladly  serve 
as  vice  president  with  Mr.  O'Conor.  I  at 
the  same  time  accept  nothing  else.  O'Conor 
must  positively  stand."  The  Louisiana, 
delegation, withdrew.  A  resolution  was 
adopted,  542  yeas,  30  nays,  that  "  having 
unanimously  nominated  Charles  O'Conor 
for  president  and  John  Quincy  Adams  for 
vice  president,  we  are  unwilling  to  make 
any  other  nomination,  and  that  the  Dem- 
ocratic party  will  give  them  in  any  event 
an  undivided  support." 

Sept.  3  to  Oct.  12— National  Industrial 
Exposition  open  at  Louisville;  grandest 
display  ever  witnessed  south  of  the  Ohio 
river,  and  never  equaled  but  once  in  the 
United  States,  of  the  arts,  inventions,  man- 
ufactures and  products  of  the  whole  coun- 
try ;  held  in  a  magnificent  brick  building, 
occupying  half  a  square  or  block  ;  visited 
by  from  7,000  to  20,000  people  daily. 

Sept.  5 — Extraordinary  meteor  at  8%  p. 
M.  witnessed  at  Louisville,  Pewee  Valley  in 
Oldham  co.,  Covington,  and  other  points. 
It  appeared  in  the  southwest,  20°  above  the 
horizon,  passed  northeastwardly  entirely 
across  the  heavens,  remaining  in  sight  2 
min.  10  sec.;  size  about  that  of  a  star  of 
first  magnitude;  trail  very  long,  faded 
gradually. 

Sept.  5  —  Inauguration  ceremonies  at 
Bowlinggreen  of  the  new  "  Warren  Col- 
lege." 

Sept.  10  — "The  Short-Horn  Record," 
volumes  I  and  II,  just  issued  by  A.  J. 
Alexander,  Spring  Station,  Woodford  co. 
Volume  III  will  appear  in  the  summer  of 
1873.  Printed  at  the  Frankfort  Yeoman 
office— a  Kentucky  work,  out  and  out,  and 
a  herd-book  of  remarkable  value. 

Sept.  11,  12 — "Peace  Reunion"  at  Lou- 
isville. 

Sept.  12— Cassius  M.  Clay,  while  ad- 
dressing 2,000  people  at  Ironton,  Ohio,  in 
favor  of  the  election  of  Horace  Greeley  as 
U.  S.  president,  is  clamored  down  by  long- 
continued  and  deafening  yells  of  "  Hurrah 
for  Grant,  'rah  for  Grant."  In  1864,  Thos. 
E.  Bramlette,  then  governor  of  Ky.,  and 
Laban  T.  Moore,  a  Ky.  ex-oongressman, 
were  cried  down  in  a  public  hall  of  that 
city,  in  a  meeting  at  which  all  the  loyal 
leaders,  both  civil  and  military,  were  pres- 
ent. They  were  Union  speakers,  but  op- 
posed to  Mr.  Lincoln  for  president.  [Such 
ruffianism  seems  to  be  chronic  in  Ironton, 
if  not  peculiar  to  her.] 

Sept.  16— Mob  law  in  Washington  co.; 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKY. 


1872. 


some  of  the  citizens  greatly  excited  because 
of  the  tax  imposed  by  a  vote  of  the  county 
to  aid  in  building  the  Cumberland  and  Ohio 
railroad,  assembled,  drove  off  the  workmen 
on  the  road,  burnt  their  tools,  wagons  and 
shanties,  and  threatened  more  serious 
damages. 

Sept.  17 — Gov.  Leslie  issues  a  proclama- 
tion or  circular  to  the  circuit  and  county 
judges,  commonwealth  and  county  at- 
torneys, and  circuit  and  county  clerks  in 
Ky.,  appealing  to  them  to  enforce  the  law 
in  relation  to  public  books.  In  the  last 
six  years,  since  Oct.  10, 1866,  the  state  has 
expended  over  8200,000  for  public  books  ; 
of  which,  near  $80,000  to  repLice  lost  or 
missing  volumes  of  the  statutes,  acts,  and 
eourt-of-appeals  reports.  Proper  care,  and 
enforcement  of  the  law,  would  have  saved 
over  §10,000  per  year,  for  six  years  past. 

Sept.  IS — A  man  named  Johnson  con- 
victed, in  the  Edmonson  circuit  court,  of 
petit  larceny,  and  sentenced  to  receive  3 
lashes  on  his  naked  back — a  remnant  of 
barbarism  enforced,  it  is  hoped,  for  the  last 
time.  Public  opinion  demands  a  change 
of  the  law  prescribing  stripes  as  a  punish- 
ment. 

Sept.  19— The  Louisville  Courier- Journal 
thus  deftly  perpetuates  some  of  the  idio- 
syncrasies of  ex-atturney-general  John  M. 
Harlan,  one  of  the  most  untiring  and  pop- 
ular stump-speakers  in  Ky.  As  a  colonel 
of  the  Federal  army,  during  the  rebellion, 
he  did  some  gallant  riding: 

"Gen.  Harlan  has  exposed  himself  to 


record,  and  deriding  what  he  is  pleased  to 
regard  as  the  present  anomalous  position 
of  the  Democratic  party.     The  Frankfort 

Yeovmn — which  has  always  had  a  hanker- 
ing after  old  things,  including  records — 
reproduces  some  spirited  paragraphs  from 
the  Frankfort  Commonwealth  of  1865,  de- 
nouncing the  General  in  very  plump  terms 
as  a  rebel  sympathizer.  He  violently  op- 
posed the  adoption  of  the  Thirteenth  amend- 
ment, spoke  against  Morton  when  a  candi- 
date  for   governor   of    Indiana,    and    the 

Yeoman  says,  gained  him  about  25,000 
votes.  We  know  of  no  organization  which 
has  had  an  existence  within  the  past  20 
years  to  which  the  General  has  not  been, 
in  one  way  or  another,  allied.  He  turns 
over,  too,  from  one  to  another  with  an  ease, 
grace  and  boldness  that  might  well  excite 
the  envy  of  an  infant  mouser  in  its  most 
playful  and  entertaining  mood.  We  really 
fear  that  the  General  will  some  day  turn 

Sept.  19— State  convention  of  breeders 
of  short-horn  cattle,  at  Lexington  ;  de- 
mands thorough  reformation  in  Allen's 
American  Herd-book,  or  a  new  herd-book, 

Sept.  20 — A  new  dsnomination,  styled 
"  The  Soul  Sleepers,"  under  the  leadership 
of  Rev.  Wm.  Terhune,  sprung  up  in  the 
•western  part  of  Mercer  and  Boyle  counties, 
and  now  building  a  church  in  Mercer  co., 
near  Nevada,  They  maintain  that  the 
soul,   after   death,    sleeps    with  the    body 


until  the  judgment  day  ;  that  God  is  mate- 
rial, that  Christ  was  the  first  created  being, 
and  that  baptism  is  essential  to  salvation. 
Oct.  1 — While  hauling  shingles  to  cover 
the  church.  Rev.  Wm.  Terhune  got  his  foot 
caught  in  the  reins  (which  broke  while  the 
horses  were  running  off),  was  thrown  to 
the  ground,  and  the  wheels  passed  over  his 
head,  killing  him  instantly. 

Sept.  20— Louisville  Daily  True  Demo- 
crat, after  being  published  about  6  weeks, 
announces  its  suspension.  It  was  owned 
and  edited  by  Col.  Blanton  Duncan,  and 
designed  as  the  organ  of  the  "  straight" 
or  "  Charles  O'Conor  Democrats." 

Sept.  21— Enthusiastic  reception  of  Hor- 
ace Greeley,  the  Liberal  Republican  and 
also  the  Democratic  nominee  for  president. 
At  Covington,  Newport,  along  the  route  of 
the  Louisville  and  Cincinnati  Short-Line 
railroad,  and  at  Louisville  many  thousand 
people  give  him  a  welcome  to  Kentucky. 

Sept.  21— Completion,  by  the  Louisville 
and  Nashville  railroad,  of  its  southern  ex- 
tension— called  the  South  and  North  Ala- 
bama railroad — to  Montgomery,  Ala.,  via 
Nashville  and  Decatur,  a  distance  of  490 
miles. 

Sept.  22— Death,  at  Paris,  aged  71,  of 
Garret  Davis,  now  U.  S.  senator.  [See 
sketch,  under  Bourbon  co.] 

Sept.  25  —  Barbecue,  in  Union  co.,  in 
honor  of  Rev.  Father  Durbin's  50th  year 
as  officiating  priest  in  the  Roman  Catholic 
church;  2,100  persons  present,  over  700 
ladies.  He  has  baptized  3,500  persons,  sol- 
emnized over  600  marriages,  and  attended 
over  600  funerals.  Only  two  men  now  liv- 
ing in  the  county  who  were  heads  of  fam- 
ilies when  he  first  came  to  it. 

Sept.  25 — Increased  attention  to  cotton 
culture  in  the  counties  in  the  "Jackson 
Purchase;"  in  Graves  co.,  a  bale  (400  lbs. 
clean  cotton)  per  acre  raised. 

Sept.  25— Gov.  Leslie  issues  bis  procla- 
mation announcing  that  the  State  Honse 
of  Reform,  near  Anchorage,  Jefferson  co., 
is  now  ready  for  the  reception  of  male  con- 
victs sentenced  thereto. 

Sept.  25,26— The  colored  Liberal  Repub- 
lican national  convention  in  session  at 
Louisville  ;  delegates  from  23  states;  strong 
resolutions  in  favor  of  Horace  Greeley  for  ( 

president,  tfrc. 

Sept.  26— Gov.  Leslie  appoints  Willis  B. 
Machen,  of  Lyon  co.,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
in  the  U.  S.  senate  until  March  4,  1873. 

Sept.  26— Court  of  appeals,  in  Bank  of 
Ky.  vs.  Commonwealth,  decides  unconsti- 
tutional the  act  of  March  8,  1867,  laying  a 
tax  of  S  per  cent,  on  the  interest  derived 
from  U.  S.  bonds.  The  states  have  no 
power  to  tax  the  bonds  in  question. 

Sept.  26— Death,  at  Pleasant  Plains,  III., 
aged  87,  of  Rev.  Peter  Cartwriglit,  for  68 
years  an  eccentric  and  remarkable  Meth- 
odist preacher,  in  Kentucky  and  Illinois. 
Sept.  27  —  Extraordinary  mortality  of 
horses  in  Turney  k  Stroude's  stable,  at 
Paris.  Of  17  horses  in  the  stable,  14  die  ; 
the  cause  traced  to  the  water  of  a  cistern, 
foul  from  manure  and  dead  rats  and  cats. 


ANNALS    OF    KENTUCKT. 


Sept.  27— Several  men  excited  by  liquor 
fire  into  a  liouse  at  Paris,  Bourbon  Co.,  at 
W'A  r-  M-,  and  kill  a  baby. 

Sept.  28— Tornado  in  Ciiristian  oo.,  near 
Hopkinaville ;  several  dwellings,  and  a 
number  of  negro  cabins,  barns,  and  out- 
houses blown  down,  and  other  buildings 
unroofed,  trees  and  fences  swept  off  or 
prostrated. 

Oct.  1 — An  informal  meeting,  represent- 
ing 25,012  shares,  or  about  5-tJths  of  the 
stockholders,  of  the  Cumberland  iind  Ohio 
railroad,  at  Louisville,  endorses  the  "  great 
prudence,  wisdom,  and  success  of  the  pol- 
icy and  proceedings  of  its  officers  and  di- 
rectors ;"  and  declines  to  call  a  formal 
meeting  of  the  stockholders. 

Oct.  I — Excitement  in  Breckinridge  eo. 
over  discoveries  of  lead  ore  6  per  cent, 
richer  than  the  best  Missouri  mines  ;  and 
in   Lyon  co.  over  fresh  discoveries  of  im- 


1  beds- 


Ibelo 


.Ed. 


ngmg 

and  Henry  Machen,  1,000  feet  broad  at 
base  and  100  feet  high,  on  the  Elizabeth- 
town  and  Paducah  railroad,  and  quarter 
of  a  mile  from  Cumberland  river,  being 
*' one  solid  mass  of  iron  ore."  The  owners 
are  shipping  the  ore  to  Cincinnati. 

Oct.  1  — John  T.  Sidwell  raised  on  4 
acres,  near  Pern  Leaf,  Mason  Co.,  7,100 
pounds  of  white  tobacco,  which  he  sold  at 
lo  cents  per  pound — an  average  of  $266.22 
per  acre,  or  about  three  times  the  value  of 
the  land  on  which  it  was  raised. 

Oct.  1 — A  weather  signal  station  estab- 
lished by  the  government  at  the  Agricul- 
tural and  Mechanical  College,  at  Ashland, 
near  Lexington. 

Oct.  2— At  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
stockholders  of  the  Louisville  and  Nash- 
ville railroad  company,  the  report  shows 
an  increase  of  gross  earnings,  for  the  past 
year,  on  all  the  lines  operated  by  the  com- 
pany, of  1.49  per  cent.:  decrease  of  ope- 
rating expenses  of  2.52  per  cent.,  and  in- 
crease of  net  earnings  of  14.97  per  cent. 
Within  4  years,  it  has  added  to  its  lines^ 
by  purchase,  lease,  and  controlling  inter- 
est— Ihe  following  railroads  in  Tennessee 
.and  Alabama,  in  all  518  miles — making 
920  miles  now  operated  by  ' 

Memphis,  Clarksville  and 


Lou- 


isville    83  miles. 

Memphis  and  Ohio 130      " 

Nashville  and  Decatur 122      " 

South  and  North  Alabama 183      " 

During  Aug.,  600,000  pound  sterling  30- 
year  6-per  cent,  bonds,  secured  by  a  mort- 
giige  upon  the  Memphis,  Clarksville  and 
Louisville  road  (recently  purchased  of  the 
state  of  Tennessee)  were  sold  in  London 
at  88  per  cent,  gold,  netting  in  currency 
here  96  per  cent. 

Oct.  8,  9,  10,  11— Grand  Lodge  of  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Good  Templars  holding 
its  9th  annual  session  at  Frankfurt;  175 
delegates  in  attendance  ;  G.  W.  C.  T.  Geo. 
W.  Bain  read  his  annual  report,  showing, 
after  8  years'  organization,  24,000  mem- 
bers of  the  order  in  the  state. 

Oct.  10— Enthusiastic  welcome  and  hos- 
pitable   reception    at    Louisville,    of   425 


Southern  excursionists  from  Mobile,  Mont- 


gomery, 


nd  othe 


poll 


I  alo 


route 


Alabama  extension  of  the  Lou- 
isville and  Nashville  railroad. 

Oct.  10— At  9  p.  u.,  at  Lawton's  Bluff, 
in  Marshall  eo.,  8  miles  from  Paducah,  the 
ladies'  car  on  the  Elizabethtown  and  Padu- 
cah railroad  train  was  thrown  from  a  trestle 
work  35  feet  high ;  2  passengers  killed, 
and  14  wounded. 

Oct.  11— A  new  rolling-mill  at  Paducah 
begins  operations,  designed  to  employ  100 
hands,  use  1,200  to  1,500  bushels  of  coal 
and  turn  out  18  to   20   tons  of  iron   per 

Oct.  11— Fall,  at  7  P.  M.,  of  an  unfin- 
ished 4-story  brick  storehouse,  on  Market 
street,  Louisville,  burying  under  its  high 
walls  four  other  buildings,  crushing  to 
death  and  mangling  4  persons,  and  wound- 
ing three  others.  The  walls  were  only  9 
inches  thick.  The  architect,  contractor, 
and  bricklayer  were  arrested  and  held  to 
bail,  on  a  charge  of  manslaughter. 

Oct.  11 — Uemoval  of  the  state  auditor's 
office  and  archives  into  the  magnificent 
rooms  in  the  new  fireproof  building  in  the 
east  end  of  the  new  capitol.  The  other 
.state  offices  had  been  removed  previously. 

Oct.  11— Death,  in  Charlotte  Co.,  Va., 
aged  78, of  Edmund  AVinston  Henry, young- 
est and  last  surviving  son  of  the  man  whom 
Thos.  Jefferson  called  "the  greatest  orator 
that  ever  lived,"  Patrick  Henry,  the  first 
governor  of  independent  Virginia  in  1776, 
when  Ky.  was  a  part  of  it,  included  in 
Fincastle  co.,  and  when,  Dec.  6,  of  that 
year,  Ky.  was  erected  into  a  county  of  Va. 
He  was  born  in  1794,  when  his  father  was 
58  years  old,  and  only  6  years  before  his 
father's  death. 

Oct.  12— Riot  in  Covington,  at  9^  P-  M- 
The  negroes,  in  a  '*  Grant  and  Wilson" 
procession,  fire  a  number  of  pistol-shots, 
and  att.aek  with  bowlders  and  bricks,  and 
demolish  the  windows,  doors,  and  show- 
cases of  five  stores  and  shops  owned  by 
unoffending  Germans,  wounding  8  or  9 
persons  with  stones. 

Oct.  12 — At  the  Jerome  Park  races,  near 
New  York  city.  Monarchist  distances  his 
half-brother  Harry  Bassett  (both  Ken- 
tucky horses)  in  the  4-mile  dash,  in  7:3334. 
He  had  beaten  him,  also,  a  few  days  be- 
fore, over  the  same  course,  in  a  3-mile 
dash,  in  5:34K  ;  value  of  stakes  $3,700. 

Oct.  14  to  24— Groat  sales  of  fine  bred 
trotting  stock  in  or  near  Lexington,  by 
Samuel  H.  Chew,  W.  W.  Adiims,  Jos.  H. 
Bryan,  Dan.  Swigert,  Barker  &  Lewis,  Dr 
L.  Herr,  Hunt  Brothers.  J.  D.  Carlisle,  and 
near  Frankfort  by  J.  W.  Hunt  Reynolds. 

Oct.  16— In  the  eastern  part  of  Shelby 
CO.,  near  North  Benson  Station,  on  the  L., 
C.  &  L.  railroad,  a  murderous  band  of  men 
in  disguise  burned  the  barn  of  Lawson 
Johnson,  a  negro  (whom,  with  others,  they 
had  previously  ortlered  to  leave  the  state), 
and  killed  Gabe  Flood,  a  negro— before 
they  were  driven  off.  In  a  previous  attack 
on  his  house  the  week  before,  one  of  the 
band  was  wounded  and  lost  his  hand. 


234 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


1872. 


Oct.  16— At  the  Lexington  trotting  fair, 
Dr.  D.  L.  Price's  2-year  old,  by  Ericcson, 
trotted  one  mile  in  2:43%,  without  a  com- 
petitor— the  fastest  time  on  record  by  a 
colt  of  that  ago.  Oct.  19,  he  distanced  a 
3-year  old,  in  2:40K,  on  same  track.  Oct. 
18,  Dr.  L.  Herr's  yearling  colt,  by  Mam- 
brino  Patchen,  trotted  fairly  and  squarely, 
without  a  break,  winning  two  mile-heats, 
in  3:14K.  3:13%  ;  and,  Oct.  21,  in  3:12. 

Oct.  18— Articles  of  consolidation  filed 
at  Frankfort,  between  the  St.  Louis  and 
Terre  Haute  railway  company  of  Illinois 
and  Indiana,  and  the  Evansville,  Hender- 
son and  Nashville  railway  company  of  Ky., 
the  St.  Louis  and  Southeastern  railway 
company,  Ky.  division,  and  the  Nashville, 
Chicago  and  St.  Louis  railway  company — 
under  the  name  of  the  St.  Louis  and  South- 
eastern railway  company,  consolidated. 

Oct.  20— At  2  A.  M.  (Sunday)  25  armed 
men  on  horseback  entered  Owingsville, 
Bath  CO.,  from  the  west,  forced  an  entrance 
through  a  brick  wall  into  the  rear  of  the 
jail,  took  thence  to  a  pasture  near  town 
and  hung  a  negro  man,  Sam.  Bascom,  con- 
fined on  a  charge  of  attempt  at  house- 
burning.  The  negro  persisted  in  declar- 
ing his  innocence,  and  begged  for  mercy  ; 
his  guilt  was  at  least  doubtful,  and  there 
was  no  fear  of  his  escape;  if  convicted  of 
the  crime,  his  punishment  was  certain. 

Oct.  23,  24— Great  interest  in  Louisville 
on  the  subject  of  another  railroad  to  the 
South.  Great  mass  meeting  calls  upon  the 
council  to  submit  to  a  vote  of  the  people 
the  question  of  issuing  $1,000,000  bonds 
to  aid  the  construction  of  a  railroad  to  con- 
nect with  the  Elizabethtown  and  Paducah 
railroad,  and  be  used  as  its  main  entrance 
to  the  city.  The  council  provides  for  a 
popular  election,  Nov.  30. 

Oct.  24— Railroad  Conductors'  Life  In- 
surance Association  in  session  at  Louis- 
ville. 

Oct.  24,  25,  26— 24th  anniversary  meet- 
ing of  the  General  Missionary  Convention 
of  the  Christian  (Reformed)  Church,  at 
Louisville — Richard  M.  Bishop  president. 
Delegates  present  from  New  York,  Mich- 
igan, Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Mis- 
souri, Kansas,  Tennessee,  Georgia,  and 
West  Virginia. 

Oct.  25— The  Cincinnati  board  of  trade 
appoints  a  committee  of  22,  and  26  busi- 
ness firms  issue  a  joint  circular  letter,  to 
urge  the  proposition  of  building  a  branch 
railroad  from  Lagrange,  Oldham  eo.,  on 
the  Louisville  and  Cincinnati  Short-line 
road,  to  Elizabethtown,  Hardin  co.,  the 
eastern  terminus  of  the  Elizabethtown  and 
Paducah  railroad  —  with  a  view  to  the 
shortest  direct  line  between  Cincinnati  and 
Memphis,  Tenn. 

Oct.  25— Over  100  wagons,  with  Ky. 
emigrants  for  the  far  AVest,  have  passed 
through  South  Union,  Logan  co.,  this  fall. 

Oct.  25— German  citizens  in  Louisville, 
devising  liberal  things  for  Ky.,  are  about 
to  organize  a  board  of  immigration,  and 
arrange  for  the  free  transportation  of  Ger- 
mans to  Ky. 


Oct.  25— While  excavating,  just  22  feet 
below  the  surface,  for  the  Broadway  west- 
ern outlet  sewer  in  Louisville,  the  work- 
men found  the  2d  or  3d  vertebra  and  other 
remains  of  some  extinct  animal,  probably 
15  feet  long.  It  crumbled  readily  when 
exposed. 

Oct.  28— The  Prussian  government 
adopts  the  revolving  breech-loading  riile 
invented  by  Col.  John  C.  Miller,  of  Dan- 
ville. 

Oct.  28— Many  plum  trees  near  Paris  in 

Oct.  30— Proclamation  of  Gov.  Leslie, 
enjoining  upon  local  authorities  and  citi- 
zens to  leave  nothing  undone  to  arrest  and 
bring  to  speedy  trial  the  lawless  bands  of 
depredators  who  killed  a  man  in  Shelby 
CO.,  and  took  from  jail  and  hung  a  man  in 
Bath  CO.,  (the  negro,  Sam  Bascom.) 

Nov.  1 — In  Jessamine  co.,near  the  Fay- 
ette CO.  line  and  near  Mt.  Eden  church,  3 
negroes  ( — .  Hawkins,  his  wife  and  daugh- 
ter) dragged  from  their  homes  by  a  mob, 
and  hung  or  murdered.  Cause — the  pois- 
oning of  a  much  used  spring,  on  the  pub- 
lic highway,  belonging  to  Mrs.  Carroll — 
traced  to,  or  charged  upon,  the  Hawkins 
negroes,  who  desired  to  wreak  a  murder- 
ous revenge  upon  the  whites  of  the  neigh- 
borhood. 

Nov.  1 — Louisville  tobacco  sales  for  three 
years,  each  ending  Nov.  1  : 
Hhds.  sold  in  1870...40,m7    Total  sales. ..$4,823,330 

1871....4><,006  "  ...  4,601,(145 

1S72...3»,342  "  ...  4,616,4ia 

Nov.  1 — Agents  of  Pennsylvania  Central 
R.  R.  said  to  be  buying  up,  at  12K  cents  on 
the  dollar,  a  controlling  interest  in  the 
stock  of  the  Maysville  and  Paris  railroad. 

Nov.  1.— Semi-annual  dividends  of  Lou- 
isville banks  :  1st  and  2d  National  each  5, 
and  Ky.  National  6  per  cent. 

Nov.  1— At  Bellevue,  Campbell  co.,  ad- 
joining Newport  on  the  east,  the  first 
house  was  erected  in  1866;  now  170  build- 

Nov.  1— Up  to  Oct.  1st,  the  Owensboro 
and  Russellville  railroad  had  expended  in 
construction  $1,406,118  ;  completing  37}4 
miles  from  Owensboro  to  Stroud  City,  at 
crossing  of  E.  &  P.  R.  R.;  and  of  the  re- 
maining 44 >^  miles  to  the  Tennessee  state 
line  at  Adairville,  32  are  entirely  graded 
and  12^  more  than  half  done. 

Nov.  1 — The  tobacco  warehousemen  at 
Paducah— following  the  example  of  tho 
Louisville  warehousemen — cease  to  do  their 
business  under  the  statutes  of  Ky.,  and  be- 
gin as  commission  merchants,  elect  three 
inspectors  instead  of  six,  requiring  of  them 
bonds  and  a  guaranty  of  samples. 

Nov.  2 — 48  cases  of  small-pox  in  Lex- 
ington, 8  at  Richmond  ;  in  Sept.,  at  Flem- 
ingsburg,  38  eases  and  14  deaths. 

Nov.  3— Death  at  Louisville,  aged  74,  of 
Virgil  McKnight,  for  35  years  president 
of  the  bank  of  Kentucky,  and  one  of  the 
ablest  and  soundest  financiers  in  the  State. 

Nov.  3— Death  at  Louisville  of  Rev. 
Henry  Adams,  colored  ;  for  35  years  tho 
faithful  and  exemplary  pastor  of  the  1st 
Colored  Baptist  Church  in  that  city. 


1872. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY 


Nov.  5 — For  U.  S.  president  and  vice 
president,  Horace  Greeley  and  Ben.  Gratz 
B-own  (Liberal  Republican,  and  adopted 
by  the  Democrats)  received  100,212  votes, 
Ulysses  S.  Grant  and  Henry  Wilson  (Re- 
publican) 88,816,  and  Charles  O'Conor  and 
J.  Q.  Adams,  Jr.  (Bourbon  Democrat) 
2,374.  Greeley's  maj.  over  Grant,  11,396. 
Falline  off  since  Aug.  1871  in  Dem.  vote 
23,4737  und  in  Rep-  vote  only  267. 

For  Congress  the  vote  stood  : 
Dist.         DemocraU.  Bepitblicans. 

l.Ed.Crossland 10,276  Isaac  H.Trabne.*2,5]0 


2.  John  Y. 


473  H.  H.  Houston.. 

Jrown. 10,88s  B.  Langley 

1  liken..  8,7i«5 


Hobaont..   «8 


J.  S  GoUaday*....  4,853 

4.  Wm.  B.  Kead 8.221  Ed. 

5.E.D.StaDdifordll,l79 

Wui    P.  Boone...  5,0.M 

e.Wm.E.  Arthur..ll,424  Harvey  Myers fi,564 

7.Jas.  B.Beck 1J,978 


t  No 

In  accordance  with  the  law  of  Congress 
of  Feb.  28,  1S71,  requiring  "all  votes  for 
representatives  in  Congress  hereafter  to  be 
by  written  or  printed  ballot,"  and  of  the 
law  of  Kentucky  pursuant  thereto,  of  March 
27,  1872,  the  votes  above  for  members  of 
congress  (for  the  Jirst  time  in  the  History 
of  Kentucky)  were  cast  by  ballot ;  whereas 
those  for  electors  of  president  and  vice 
president  were,  as  heretofore,  viva  voce. 

Nov.  5 — Warren  CO.  refuses  to  subscribe 
$500,000  to  the  proposed  Bowling  Green 
and  Madisonville  iviilroad. 

Nov.  5 — At  Madisonville,  Hopkins  co., 
a  negro,  John  Wadlington  so  offended  some 
of  the  "National  Republican  jiarty  "  by 
voting  for  Horace  Greeley  for  president, 
that  he  was  taken  out  and  lynched. 

Nov.  6— At  New  Orleans,  La.,  Frank  A. 
Monroe,  son  of  the  late  Judge  Victor  Mon- 
roe, of  Frankfort,  elected  judge  of  3d  dis- 
trict court. 

Nov.  7 — A  little  son,  8  years  old,  of  Eu- 
gene Barnes,  in  Fayette  co.,  devoured  by 
hogs,  all  but  his  head  and  shoulders  ;  in  go- 
ing home  from  school,  he  passed  through 
a  lot  of  hogs,  with  young  pigs,  on  his  fath- 
er's farm,  and  it  is  supposed  that  while 
playing  with  the  pigs,  sows  attacked  him. 

Nov.  8— The  Canadian  horse  disease,  the 
epizooty — recently  epidemic  all  over  the 
Bast,  cities  and  country— reaches  Cincin- 
nati, crosses  the  Ohio  to  Covington  and 
Newport,  and  gradually  spreads  over  Ken- 
tucky j  causing  for  some  days,  the  stop- 
page of  street  ears,  omnibus  and  stage 
lines,  drays  and  wagons  except  so  far  as 
oxen  are  brought  in  from  the  country  to 
haul  them.  Men  frequently  hitch  them- 
selves in  teams,  or  haul  in  hand  wagons. 
In  Louisville,  a  small  eleiihant  is  set  to 
hauling.  In  largest  cities,  companies  of 
men  organize  to  haul  steam  engines  to 
fires,  in  place  of  horses.  Nearly  all  horses 
and  mules  have  the  disease,  some  of  them 
long   and  seriously,   and   in  some  places 


about  1  in  20  dies  ;  on  some  farms  the  loss 
by  death  is  heavy. 

Nov.  9— Great  fire  in  Boston  ;  (Kentuck- 
ians  not  large  owners  of  property  as  at 
the  great  Chicago  fire.)  In  15  hours,  60 
acres  burned  over,  748  houses  burned, 
many  of  them  fine  blocks  of  granite  stores  ; 
loss  in  buildings  and  contents  estimated 
at  $100,000,000. 

Nov.  10 — A  negro,  Ross  Branson,  taken 
from  jail  in  Blandville,  Ballard  co.,by  200 
armed  men  and  hung  ;  for  rape,  Nov.  6, 
on  a  white  woman,  near  Woodville,  Mc- 
Cracken  co.;  he  acknowledged  his  guilt, 

Nov.  12 — Subscriptions  to  the  proposed 
"  Central  University  of  Kentucky  "  an- 
nounced as  having  reached  $116,000. 

Nov.  12 — At  a  grand  concert  by  the 
Ivorite  Society,  at  Liverpool,  England,  the 
new  National  air  of  Wales—"  Victorious 
Land  of  Wales  " — was  sung,  for  the  first 
time  in  Liverpool,  by  a  leader  and  chorus 
of  50  voices.  It  was  sung  in  English 
first,  received  an  immense  encore,  and  was 
repeated  in  Welsh — arousing  the  wildest 
enthusiasm.  The  newspapers  of  Wales 
spoke  of  it  in  the  loftiest  terms— one  edi- 
tor saying  "  it  had  stirred  the  heart  of  the 
Welsh  people  from  Cardiff  to  Holyhead." 
The  author  of  the  words  was  Geo.  F.  Ful- 
ler, and  they  were  set  to  music  by  J.  W. 
Parsons  Price  (a  native  of  Wales)— both 
of  them  citizens  of  Louisville. 

Nov.  12— Over  100  eases  of  small  pox 
at  Louisville. 

Nov.  15— Dr.  Ben.  Lewis  Crist  killed  by 
John  H.  West,  in  a  rencontre  at  Shepherds- 
ville,  Bullitt  co.  West  acquitted,  April  '74. 

Nov.  15— Rev.  Stuart  Robinson,  D.  D., 
in  a  newspaper  communication,  protests 
against  the  introduction  by  the  Louisville 
Library  Association  as  a  lecturer,  of  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton—"  a  woman  no- 
torious as  the  leader  of  a  fiercely  partisan 
infidel  assault  upon,  not  only  our  common 
Christianity,  but  our  social  order  and  civ- 
ilization." 

Nov.  15— Richard  Rice,  aged  70,  a  lun- 
atic confined  at  home  in  Kenton  co.,  be- 
cause no  room  in  the  Asylum  at  Lexing- 
ton, burned  to  death  by  his  own  act. 

Nov.  15— Rev.  Gilbert  H.  Robertson, 
D.  D.,  after  4  days  trial  before  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Louisville,  in  connection  with 
Presbyterian  General  Assembly  [North- 
ern], deposed  from  the  ministry  and  sus- 
pended from  the  communion  of  the  church. 

Nov.  16— Judgment  of  $1,200  at  Padu- 
cah,  against  Sol.  Vaughan,  for  cowhiding 
S.  Fels. 

Nov.  18— Mrs.  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton 
lectures  at  Louisville  on  the  "  Coming 
Girl ;  "  advocates  woman  suffrage. 

Nov.  20— Louisville  and  Nashville,  and 
Memphis  and  Ohio,  railroads  recently  con- 
solidated—$100  of  stock  in  the  former  to 
be  issued  for  $400  of  stock  in  the  latter. 

Nov.  21 — Large  fire  at  Lexington  ;  over 
two  blocks  of  houses,  mostly  frame  tene- 
ments, burned  ;  many  poor  families  home- 
less ;  one  child  burned  in  the  flames, 

Nov.  22 — Mysterious  disappearance,  at 


236 


ANNALS  OF   KENTUCKY. 


1872. 


New  York,  of  Geo.  N.  Peay,  a  well  known 
business  man  of  Louisville,  with  consider- 
able sums  of  money.  [No  satisfactory  ac- 
counts of  bim  until  March,  1874,  i^hcn  he 
is  found  in  a  large  city  in  Canada,  and  ar- 
rested.] 

Nov.  23— John  G.  Baxter,  mayor  of 
Louisville,  withdraws  as  a  candidate  for 
re-election  ;  because  the  new  city  charter 
makes  au  incumbent  practically  ineligibl 

Nov.  25— Great  fires  in  the  woods,  ii 
parts  of  Livingston,  McCracken,  and  other 

Nov.  25— Death  in  Greenup  co.,  of  Mrs. 
Mary  Gray,  aged  113  years,  8  months,  16 
days  (see  under  Greenup  co.,  in  Vol.  II.) 
Her  mother,  Mrs.  Bonafil,  lived  to 
years  old,  her  husband  to  only  64,  but  5  of 
their  children  to  90,  88,  83,  73,  70. 

Nov.  26— Great  drouth  in  Ballard,  Mc- 
Cracken, and  neighboring  counties  ;  water 
for  drinking  and  cooking  hauled  several 
miles. 

Nov.  27— At  Bowling  Green,  two  ob- 
servers, between  7  :  40  and  8:45  this  p. 
M.,  counted  116  falling  meteors  ;  at  the 
rate  of  480  in  au  hour,  if  the  whole  heav- 
ens had  been  constantly  watched. 

Nov.  28 — Specimens  of  silver-bearing 
ore  found  upon  the  farm  of  Mrs.  Judith  L. 
Marshall,  near  the  Ky.  river  in  Henry  co. 

Nov.  28— Thanksgiving  day. 

Nov.  29— Death  at  New  York,  aged  61,  of 
inflammation  of  the  brain,  of  Horace  Gree- 
ley, late  Liberal  Republican  candidate  (and 
supported  by  the  Democrats)  for  U.  S. 
president.  Allowing  for  his  errors  and  for 
wide  differences  of  opinion,  he  was  the 
ablest  and  greatest  of  American  editors — 
the  late  Joseph  Gales,  of  the  National  In- 
telligencery  excepted. 

Nov.  30— Track-laying  on  the  Memphis 
and  Paducah  railroad  completed  71  miles 
from  Paducah. 

Nov.  30— Two  new  National  banks  es- 
tablished at  Paducah. 

Dec's — Exciting  city  election  in  Louis- 
ville ;  Ghas.  D.  Jacob  chosen  mayor. 

Dec.  4 — Electoral  college  in  session  at 
Frankfort,  Gen.  Geo.  B.  Hodge  presiding. 
S.  P.  Love,  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  chosen  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  absence  of  Al- 
fred Brown,  of  2d  district.  For  U.  S. 
president,  Thos.  A.  Hendricks,  of  Indiana, 
received  8,  B.  Gratz  Brown,  of  Mo.,  4 
votes  ;  for  vice  president,  B.  Gratz  Brown, 
of  Mo.,  8  votes,  Thos.  E.  Bramlette,  of 
Ky.,3,  Willis  B.  Machen,  of  Ky.,  1. 

Dec.  7 — Second  drawing  and  concert  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Public  Library  of  Ky.  at 
Louisville  ;  1000  cash  gifts,  in  all  $375,- 
000,  distributed  ;  capital  gift  of  $75,000 
drawn  by  a  club  of  ten  persons,  at  Colum- 
bus, Indiana. 

Dec.  9— Death  at  Louisville,  aged  77,  of 

Saeumonia,  of  Rev.  Amasa  Converse,  D. 
.,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  editor  of  the 
Christian  Observer — of  which  religious  pa- 
per, published  under  different  names  at 
Richmond,  V'a.,  and  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
and  now  at  Louisville,  he  had  been  editor 


for  nearly  46  years.  On  Aug.  22,  1861, 
Secretary  Seward  "  rang  his  little  bell," 
and  Dr.  Converse's  office  at  Philadelphia 
was  visited  by  the  U.  S.  Marshal,  his  pa- 
per suppressed,  his  projierty  seized,  and 
almost  the  savings  of  a  lifetime  destroyed  ; 
the  marshal  had  in  his  pocket  the  order 
for  Dr.  C's  arrest,  but  said  afterwards  that 
*'  a  strange  and  unaccountable  feeling 
came  over  him  in  the  presence  of  the  aged 
servant  of  Christ,  which  prevented  his 
carrying  out  that  part  of  his  orders."  In 
one  month  after  its  suppression,  Dr.  C. 
had  run  the  blockade,  and  re-established 
his  paper  at  Richmond,  Va. 

Dec.  12 — About  5  p.  M.,a  remarkable  de- 
tonating meteor  seen  at  Frankfort  and  Lou- 
isville, and  for  many  miles  around.  It 
seemed  a  ball  of  fire,  one-fourth  as  large 
as  the  moon,  flashed  in  a  southerly  direc- 
tion, with  a  trail  of  light  visible  for  several 
seconds,  succeeded  for  3  or  4  minutes  by  a 
line  of  bluish  vapor.  It  is  probable  that 
an  aerolite,  or  mass  of  mineral,  fell  after  the 
explosion,  some  miles  s.  of  Louisville. 

Dec.  12 — New  Episcopal  church  of  our 
Merciful  Saviour,  at  Louisville,  opened  ; 
church  and  lot,  valued  at  $15,000,  the  gift 
of  Rev.  John  N.  Norton,  D.  D.,  to  the 
colored  congregation. 

Dec.  17— Death  at  Lexington  of  Jerry 
A.  Reynolds,  editor  of  the  Farmer's  Home 
Journal,  and  for  many  years  a  Ky.  jour- 
nalist. 

Dec.  20 — Warren  county  court  decides 
the  property  of  the  Louisville  and  Nash- 
ville railroad,  valued  at  $800,000,  liable  to 
taxation    for    county    purposes.      Appeal 

Dec.  20— David  Young,  of  Mercer  co., 
held  in  $5,000  bail  for  rape  on  a  young 
lady  from  Boyle  co.  During  the  prelimi- 
nary trial,  jail  at  Harrodsburg  guarded  by 
citizens  ;  and  at  its  close.  Young  taken  to 
jail  at  Lexington  for  safety. 

Dec.  26— Death  from  consumption,  of 
James  A.  McCampbell,  member  of  the 
present  Legislature,  from  Jessamine  co. 

Dec.  27— Second  annual  meeting  of  Ky. 
Amateur  Press  Association,  at  Frankfort. 

Dec.  27— Death,  in  Bullitt  co.,  of  Thos. 
W.  ililey — for  many  years  a  prominent 
lawyer  at  Louisville,  and  previously  rep- 
resentative in  Kv.  legislature  from  Bul- 
litt CO.,  in  1835  aiid  '36,  and  from  Nelson 
CO.,  in  1 849  and  '50,  and  speaker  of  the  H. 
R.  in  1849. 

Dec.  28- Severely  cold  weather  for  a 
week  past  :  therm, .meter  only  3°  below  0, 
in  northern  Keiitiirkv.  l.ut  at  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.,  and  .i.Tilnv^i,!.  K.''  to  30°  bcL.w. 

Dec.    31  — l;reiikin^'  up  of    ice  gorge  at 

Boy,  Kate  Putnam,  and  wreck  of  the  l^nma 
Floyd,  and  badly  injuring  steamers  Leon- 
or.i,  Grey  Eagle,  Messenger,  Kitty  Hegler, 
and  Daniel  Boone,  and  carrying  ofl'many 
coal  barges. 

1873.  Jan.  1 — Railroad  semi-annual 
dividends  :    Louisville  and    Nashville,  3, 

d  Louisville,  Cincinnati  and  Lexington 
preferred  stock,  4J^  per  cent. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


237 


Semi-annual  dividends,  at  Louisville  : 
Bank  of  Louisville,  3  ;  Falls  City  Tobacco 
Bank,  4;  Bank  of  Ky.,  Western  Finan- 
cial Corporation,  Merchants'  Bank  of  Ky., 
Planters'  National  Bank  of  Ky.,  Farmer's 
and  Drovers'  Bank,  Masonic  Saving's 
Bank,  and  Louisville  Gas  Co.,  each  o  ; 
Franklin  Insurance  Co.,  and  German  Se- 
curity Bank,  each  6;  German  Insurance 
Bank,  and  Western  Bank,  each  7  per 
cent ;  Louisville  BankingCo.,  10  per  cent, 
and  an  extra  dividend  from  profit  and  loss 
account,  10  per  cent.  Louisville  branch 
of  Northern  Bank  of  Kentucky  withdrawn. 
1st  National  Bank  of  Danville,  5  per  cent. 

Jan.  2 — Court  of  appeals,  in  the  two 
cases  of  Smith  vi.  the  Commonwealth  and 

the  case  of  Shannahan  vs.  Commonwealth, 
reported  in  8th  Bush.  It  now  holds  that-- 
Voluntary  drunkenness  neither  e.'icuses 
the  crime  nor  mitigates  the  punishment 
though  drunkenness  may  be  shown  in  proof 
upon  the  question  of  malice. 

Jan.  5— The  20  banks  in  the  7th  district 
of  Ky.— located  at  Lexington,  Frankfort, 
Paris,  Winchester,  Carlisle,  Georgetown, 
Versailles,  Midway,  Nicholasville,  North 
Middletown,  and  Millersburg — report  an 
aggregate  capital  of  $2,382,945,  and  ag- 
gregate deposits  of  $2,003,394. 

Jan.  5— Great  fire  in  Carlisle,  Nicholas 
CO.;  15  stores  and  other  buildings,  with 
Mercury  printing  ofBce  (the  principal  bus- 
iness portion),  burned  ;  loss  $70,000. 

Jan.  7 — Ancient  order  of  United  Work- 
men Grand  Lodge  of  Kentucky  instituted, 
at  Covington. 

Jan.  7— Legislature  met  in  adjourned 
session. 


July,  1872,  shows  the  paid  up  capital  of 
all  the  (13)  Kentucky  are  and  marine  in- 
surance companies  (except  3  irregular  com- 
panies), on  Jan.  1,  1872,  $1,138,988;  and 
of  all  the  (80)  companies  of  other  States 
transacting  business  in  Ky.,  $23,302,710. 
Premiums  received,  during  the  year  1871, 
by    the    former  $486,374  (being  1.63    per 


at.  ofr 


sks' 


dur 


and  by  the  latter,  (from  all  over  the  world) 
$30,672,713  (being  1.06  per  cent,  of  risks). 
Losses  during  1871,  by  the  former  $126,- 
410  (being  0.42  per  cent,  of  risks  during 
the  year) ;  and  by  the  latter  $27,309,626 
(being  0.94  per  cent,  of  risks).  Amount 
of  losses  paid  during  1871  by  the  Ken- 
tucky companies,  26  per  cent,  of  premiums 
received  during  same  time  ;  and  by  com- 
panies of  other  States,  89  per  cent,  of  prem- 
iums received  in  same  time. 

Jan.  7— Report  of  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  dated  Oct.  15,  1872, 
shows  the  eatimated  receipts  of  school  fund 
on  July  1,  1872,  $968,176,  and  estimated 
receipts  on  July  1,  1873,  $912,425;  pro 
rata  to  each  pupil  child  for  1872,  $2.30, 
and  for  1873,  $2.20;    actual  receipts    not 


fund  for  year  ending  Oct.  10,  1872,  seem  to 
be,  $898,660  ;  balance  on  hand  on  Oct.  10, 
1871,  $101,829— total  $1,000,489.  The  en- 
tire payments  seem  to  be,  $988,477 — leav- 
ing balance  in  treasury  Oct.  10,  1872, 
$12,012. 

Jan.  8 — Annual  message  of  Gov.  Pres- 
ton H.  Leslie  to  the  legislature  shows  to- 
tal bonded  debt  of  Ky.,  on  Oct.  10,  1871, 
(except  the  school  debt,  which  is  a  perma- 
nent loan  and  can  not  be  redeemed),  $1,- 
069,394.  During  ensuing  year  $303,000 
of  this  was  paid  off,  but  $200,000  of  new 
debt  created  by  act  of  Jan.  18,  1872— leav- 
ing total  debt  on  Oct.  10, 1872,  of  $966,394. 

The  means  of  the  sinking  fund,  to  meet 
this  debt,  was  $2,420,392;  besides  an  un- 
adjusted claim  against  the  Federal  gov- 
ernment of  $505,478,  for  balance  of  ad- 
vances made  during  the  war  (remaining 
due,  after  the  collection  of  $525,258  in 
March,  1872). 

The  receipts  from  revenue,  for  year  end- 
ing Oct.  10,  1872,  were  $1,008,617.  The 
excess  of  appropriations,  by  several  legis- 
latures prior  to  Oct.  10,  1872,  over  the  re- 
ceipts were  $365,366— which  sums  were 
temporarily    borrowed    from    the    sinking 

In  seven  years,  from  1866  to  1872  inclu- 
sive, the  total  p.ayments  to  five  charitable 
institutions  and  the  incidental  charities 
reached  $1,772,656,  and  on  account  of  the 
trial  and  punishment  for  crime  $1,671,214, 
amounting  together  to  more  than  half  of 
the  entire  expenses  of  the  state,  thus  : 

Eastern  Lunatic  Asylum S6%,4.'B 

Western  Lunatic  Asylum 4S2.442 

Conveyance  of  Lunatics 30,417 

Blind  Asylum ?l2.'i,246 

Printing  for  the  Blind..6,160—  131 ,406 

Deaf  .and  Dumb  Aayluiii 12!i,MI 

Feeble-miarlpd  Tn-lilnlc         ,  v-:,<n 


Conveyance  nl  > ' 
Kentucky  IVriirr  i 
House  of  Reform.. 


Total  revenue  proper  collected.. 


The  dividends  from  state  stocks  in  turn- 
pikes which  cost  the  state  $2,716,894, 
were,  for  the  year  ending  Oct.  10,  1872, 
$27,847,  and  for  the  previous  year,  $20,- 
855 — or  more  than  15  per  cent,  per  annum 
upon  the  minimum  price  at  which  the  state 
authorized  them  to  be  sold,  in  March,  1871. 

A  tabular  statement  shows  the  total  ex- 
penditures on  account  of  the  penitentiary, 
for  16  years  ending  Oct.  1872,  $434,532, 
and  the  total  receipts  $97,594— showing 
an  excess  of  expenditures  of  $336,938.  Of 
the  three  systems  of  management  tried — 
1st,  A  keeper  who  managed  for  the  state, 
2d.  A  keeper  who,  in  a  kind  of  partner- 
ship, managed  for  himself  and  the  state, 
and  3.  A  keeper  who  leased  at  a  stated 
sum — the  latter  has  proved  the  most  costly 
to  the  state. 

Jan.  8— Of  124  deaths  in  Louisville  dur- 
ing past  week,  66  were  from  small  pox. 

Jan.  9— In   the   circuit  court  at  Eliza- 


23S 


ANNALS  OF  KENTUCKY. 


bethtown,  a  suit  has  been  pending  about 
**  the  great  diamond  swindle  " — in  which 
Wm.  M.  Lent,  of  California,  sues  Philip 
Arnold  and  John  B.  Slack,  of  Hardin  co., 
to  recover  $350,000  paid  for  an  interest 
in  diamond  fields  alleged  to  have  been 
discovered  in  Arizona  by  defendants.  The 
latter  were  prospecting  in  the  Rocky 
mountains  for  A.  Harpending,  G.  D.  Rob- 
erts, and  themselves,  in  Nov.  1870  ;  when 
they  returned  to  San  Francisco,  and  re- 
ported the  discovery  of  diamonds.  They 
went  again,  found  diamonds  plentiful  but 
over  not  a  large  extent  of  country.  R.  and 
H.  paid  Slack  $100,000  for  his  Kth,  they 
owning  J^  interest.  A  third  trip  to  the 
mines,  in  July,  1871,  showed  good  results. 
Arnold  sold  part  of  his  interest  to  Har- 
pending for  $550,000.  An  expert,  with 
the  pafties  named,  and  others,  went  to 
the  mines,  from  Rawlings'  Springs  on 
Union  Pacific  railroad.  The  expert's  writ- 
ten report  says  the  work  done  (equal  to  8 
days'  work  of  one  man)  produced  256  kar- 
ats of  diamonds,  first  quality,  worth  $16 
per  karat,  or  $4,096;  568  karats  diamonds 
of  second  quality,  worth  $3,  or  $1,704  ; 
in  all,  824  karats,  worth  $5,800;  also,  4 
pounds  of  rubies,  or  7,420  karats,  worth 
50c.,  but  estimated  at  30c.,  $2,226  :  total 
produce  of  1>^  tons  of  gravel,  $8,026,  or 
$5,351  per  ton.  Genuine  diamonds  and 
rubies,  picked  up  on  the  ground,  were  ex- 
hibited. Operations  were  transferred  to 
New  York,  to  form  a  company  with  $10,- 
000,000  capital.  A  bag  of  stones  was  ex- 
hibited to  Tiffany,  the  celebrated  jeweler, 
who  pronounced  them  worth  $150,000; 
and  it  was  alleged  that  $500,000  worth  of 
diamonds  were  on  deposit  in  the  Bank  of 
(J.ilifornia.     As  long  as  it  was  kept  secret, 


the     speculati( 


acceeded  ; 


was  sent  to  the  diamond  fields — who  pro- 
claimed the  whole  thing  a  fraud  and  swin- 
dle of  gigantic  proportions.  The  precious 
stones  picked  upon  the  field,  had  been 
*'  planted  "  there. 

Arnold  denies  any  transaction  with  Lent, 
to  the  amount  of  even  $1.  Arnold  had 
advertised  another  expedition  to  the  d; 
mond  fields,  to  come  off  next  March  ;  but 
Lent  would  not  wait,  attached  Arnold's 
safe  (which  contained  $45,000  of  JlcCrack- 
en  CO.  bonds,  and  about  $10,000  of  other 
values)  and  his  land.  The  latter  is  sup- 
posed to  have  realized  at  least  $650,000. 

Jan.  11 — Died  near  Lebanon,  of  lock 
jaw,  the  thorough-bred  stallion  Skedad- 
dle, celebrated  as  the  last  war-horse  riddei 
by  Gen.  John  H.  Morgan.  At  ogricultu 
ral  fairs  in  1S71-2,  he  took  $1,500  in  prem 
iums,  in  rings  of  best  thorough-bred  an< 
model  horses. 

Jan.  12 — 5  persons,  while  crossing  thi 
Big  Sandy  river  in  Floyd  co.,  in  a  jot 
boat,  caught  in  the  ice  and  drowned. 

Jan.  14— The  engineer  who,  under  thi 
act  of  Jan.  15,  1870,  made  the  survey  of 
Salt  river,  from  the  mouth,  at  West  Point, 
up  to  Pitt's  Point,  at  the  mouth  of  Rolling 
Fork,  11  miles  and  2,098  feet, 


the  cost  of  improving  the  river,  witl  one 
lock  and  dam,  at  $30,859  ;  and  the  amount 
of  produce  annually  shipped  down  the  river 
at  about  $304,000. 

Jan.  15 — One  barrel  15-year-old  Bour- 
bon whisky  sold  at  Lexington,  to  go  to 
Hartford,  Conn.,  for  $500— about  $11  55 
per  gallon. 

Jan.  15 — In  some  portions  of  Ky,,  %ths 
of  the  jack  stock  have  died  of  the  epizootic, 
recently. 

Jan.  17,  20 — In  response  to  inquiries 
from  the  house  of  representatives,  it  ap- 
pears that  the  Eastern  Lunatic  Asylum,  at 
Lexington,  now  has  554  inmates,  43  more 
than  its  complement ;  of  this  number,  509 
are  state  pauper  patients,  and  45  pay  their 
board;  for  want  of  room  it  has  been  com- 
pelled to  deny  admission  to  205  appli- 
cants. The  Western  Lunatic  Asylum,  at 
Hopkinsville,  now  has  326  patients,  of 
whfjm  14  pay  from  $3  to  $7  per  week  ;  for 
want  of  room  it  refused  admission,  during 
1872,  to  106  lunatics.  The  superintendent 
of  the  latter  estimates  the  whole  number 
of  insane  persons  in  the  state  not  provided 


fori 


,650. 


Jan.  17— Attempt  to  assassinate  Maj. 
Geo.W.  Drye,of  Hustonville,  Lincoln  co., 
by  shooting  and  dangerously  wounding 
him  through  bis  window  at  night,  as  he 
sat  by  his  fireside.  Maj.  D.  represented 
Casey  and  Russell  counties  in  Ky.  legisla- 
ture, 1867-69. 

Jan.  20— Annual  report  of  Old  Ladies' 
Home,  3.  e.  corner  7th  and  Ky.  sts.,  Lou- 
ville  ;  in  existence  8  years  ;  members  in 
the  family,  15  ;  legacy  of  $1,000  by  John 
Stirewalt ;  contributions  by  the  Dickens 
club,  during  1872,  $1,432. 

Jan.  21— Death  at  Louisville  of  Thos. 
B.  Cochran,  aged  46;  since  1868,  chan- 
cellor  of    the   Louisville  chancery  court ; 

Shelbyville  bar,  1849-67;  state  senator, 
1865-67. 

Jan.  21,22— Knights  of  Pythias  Grand 
Lodge  of  Kentuekv  in  session  at  Louis- 
ville. 

."an.  21— Willis  B.  Machen  elected  U. 
S.  senator  until  March  4,  1873,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  death  of  Garret  Davis 
(which  position  he  now  holds  by  appoint- 
ment). In  joint  ballot  of  the  legislature 
the  vote  stood  :  Machen  (Dem.)  104,  R. 
Tarvin  Baker  (Rep.)  18. 

Jan.  23— Legislature  authorizes  the  Lou- 
isville, Cincinnati,  and  Lexington  railroad 
company,  in  order  to  take  up  its  present 
debt  and  preferred  stock,  to  issue  $10,000, - 
000  of  not  over  8  per  cent.  30-year  bonds, 
secured  by  a  consolidated  mortgage  ;  pro- 
vided, that,  within  two  years  after  execu- 
tion of  the  mortgage,  said  company  shall 
be  bound  to  purchase  from  the  state  her 
common  stock  at  the  price  agreed  to  be 
paid  in  1871 11 — Charters  a  com- 
pany to  build  a  railroad  from  Cumberland 
Gap,  via  Cumberland  Ford,  to  Louisa,  in 
Lawrence  co 28— City  charter  of  Lex- 
ington amended  ;  allows  council  to  divide 
each  of  the  4  wards  into  3  districts,  each 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


district  to  elect  a  councilman  ;  prohibits 
increase  of  city  debt,  or  use  of  present  in- 
come except  to  pay  expenses  and  present 
debts  ;  provided,  "  that  the  subscription  of 
stocli  in  the  Elizabethtown,  Lexington  and 
Big  Sandy  railroad  company  is  not  in- 
cluded as  one  of  the  city  debts  referred  to 

in  this  section" 31 — Louisville  school 

board  authorized  to  divert  certain  school 
revenues,  and  build  therewith  3  school 
houses  for  colored  children — the  interest  on 
any  balance  to  be  paid  for  teachers  of  said 

schools 21— Sale  of  spirituous,  vinous, 

or  malt  liquors,  in  less  quantity  than  a 
barrel,  prohibited  in  Cave  City  precinct. 
Barren  co 31 — and  also  in  Breath- 
itt CO.,  in  less  quantity  than  10  giiUons. 

Jan.  23 — In  the  circuit  court  at  Russell- 
ville,  Logan  CO.,  several  former  slaves  of 
Thos.  Neely— (whose  will,  in  1854,  di- 
rected that  they  be  hired  out  to  create  a 
fund  to  transport  them  to  Liberia  in  1870), 
and  who  were  made  free  in  1865  by  the 
Xlllth  Amendment— elected  not  to  go  to 
Liberia,  but  brought  suit  to  recover  said 
money  or  fund  ;  decided  against  them,  and 
appeal  taken. 

Jan.  23— Alex.  Rader,  of  Mason  co.,  has 
lost  by  the  epizootic  3  jaclis,  2  jennets, 
and  other  stoeli— $3,000  worth. 

Jan.  23— The  bill  to  repeal  that  section 
of  the  act  to  incorporate  the  Public  Li- 
brary of  Kentucky,  at  Louisville,  which 
authorizes  5  "  public  literary,  musical,  or 
dramatic  entertainments,  at  which  the  cor- 
porators may  distribute  by  lot,  to  patrons 
of  the  entertainments,  aportion  of  the  pro- 
ceeds arising  from  the  sale  of  tickets  of  ad- 
mission," was  defeated  in  the  senate  by 
yeas  10,  nays  20. 

In  the  house,  Jan.  28,  a  similar  bill, 
was  referred,  by  40  to  31,  to  the  committee 
on  the  judiciary ;  but  no  further  steps 
taken.  A  resolution,  offered  in  the  house, 
Jan.  18th,  with  the  same  object,  was  sim- 
ilarly disposed  of. 

In  the  house,  March  3,  a  bill  passed, 
changing  the  mode  of  selecting  the  9  trus- 
tees, and  thereby  the  control  of  the  Li- 
brary ;  but,  March  11,  was  defeated  in  the 
senate,  by  yeas  6,  nays  19. 

A  third  effort  to  amend  the  Public  Li- 
brary law  was  made,  April  14,  in  the 
house,  but  did  not  succeed. 

Jan.  24 — Death  at  Louisville  from  obe- 
sity— "  adipose  pressure  on  the  cardiac  re- 
gion " — of  a  negro  woman,  called  Aunty 
Robinson  ;  her  weight  was  over  three  hun- 


nds. 


Jan.  24— Nearly  1,000  barrels  of  apple 
brandy  distilled  in  Russell  co.  since  last 
Sept. 

Jan.  24 — A  bill  passed  the  senate,  by 
yeas  21,  nays  12,  "  to  prohibit  the  sale  of 
liquors  on  the  Sabbath  day  " — making  any 
person  licensed  to  sell  who  should  sell  o.r 
give  or  cause  to  be  sold  or  given,  in  any 
quantity,  wine,  spirituous,  or  malt  liquors 
of  any  kind,  or  the  mixture  of  either,  on 
the  Christian  Sabbath  d.ay,  except  for  me- 
dicinal purposes,  upon  the  written  prescrip.- 
tion  of  a  practicing  physician,  guilty  of  a 


misdemeanor,  and  finable  not  less  than  $50 
for  the  first,  and  $100  for  each  subsequent, 
ofi'ense.  It  was  afterwards  withdrawn 
from  the  house  (for  what  reason  does  not 
appear  upon  the  journals),  re-considered, 
and  finally  defeated,  Feb.  11,  by  a  tie  vote, 
14  to  14. 

Jan.  25— Residence  of  the  president  of 
Lynnland  Military  Institute,  on  Louis- 
ville and  Nashville  R.  R.  in  Hardin  Co., 
destroyed  by  fire  ;  narrow  escape  from 
death  of  several  young  lady  students. 

Jan.  25— In  the  Masonic  Widows'  and 
Orphans'  Home,  at  Louisville,  are  67  chil- 
dren in  fine  health ;  no  death  since  its  open- 
ing. 

Jan.  25— Beginning  of  raids  by  the  po- 
lice on  the  gambling  houses  in  Louisville, 
and  guarding  of  their  doors  ;  to  be  contin- 
ued until  they  are  broken  up. 

Jan.  26— Death  by  suicide,  at  Lexing- 
ton, of  Maj.  W.  W.  Dowden  ;  was  sheriff 
of  Fayette  co.  for  some  years  ;  major  of 
21st  Ky.  regiment  of  U.  S.  volunteers, 
during  the  Rebellion,  and  wounded  at  bat- 
tle of  Stone  River,  Jan.  1863. 

Jan.  27— Allen  B.  Stockwell  of  N.  Y. 
city,  a  native  of  Ky.,  elected  president  of 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  R.  R.  co.;  he  invests 
$2,000,000  in  securities  of  the  road. 

Jan.  27--Judge  Horatio  AV.  Bruce  ap- 
pointed chanceller  of  Louisville  chancery 
court,  vice  Thos.  B.  Cochran,  deceased  ; 
and  Gen.  AVm.  L.  Jackson  appointed  cir- 
cuit judge,  vice  H.  W.  Bruce,  resigned. 

Jan.  28 — The  senate  uiianimoiis;^  passed 
a  bill  to  refund  the  5  per  cent,  tax  on  in- 
come from  U.  S.  bonds,  which  had  been 
anpually  collected  under  the  act  of  March 
28, 1867— because  the  court  of  appeals  have 
decided  said  act  "  illegal  and  unconstitu- 
tional." The  house,  March  31,  refused  to 
pass  the  bill,  by  yeas  28,  nays  24  (51  yeaa 
being  necessary);  but  reconsidered  the 
vote,  and  finally  passed  it,  April  9,  by 
yeas  56,  nays  10. 

Jan.  29— The  senate,  by  21  to  9,  finally 
defeats  a  bill  to  establish  at  the  seat  of 
government  the  **  Superior  Court" — a 
court  of  appeals,  for  mostly  county  court 
cases  where  the  matter  in  controversy  is 
between  $50  and  $500  ;  of  3  judges,  ap- 
pointed by  the  governor  for  6  years,  with 
salaries  same  as  the  court  of  appeals 
judges. 

Jan.  29  and  25— The  joint  commitee  on 
the  removal  of  the  Capital  made  two  re- 
ports in  the  house  and  senate — a  majority 
report,  signed  by  0.  D.  McManama,  Wm. 
W.  Baldwin,  and  Walter  Evans,  in  favor 
of  removal,  and  a  minority  report,  by  Wm. 
H.  Sneed  and  Harry  I.  Todd,  against  re- 


The 


the 


very 


ablest  re'poris  ever  made  to  the  legislature. 
In  the  senate,  they  were  ordered  to  be 
printed  and  placed  in  the  order  of  the 
day  ;  and  so  "  ended  the  chapter,"  in  that 
body.  In  the  house,  they  were  referred 
to  a  select  committee  of  seven— who  re- 
ported, April  15,  3  out  of  7  recommend- 
ing the  acceptance  of  the  offer  of  the  city 
of  Louisville,  (the  sum  of  $500,000  and  the 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


temporary  use  of  the  court  house  or  city 
hall),  and  the  removal  thither  of  the  seat 
of  government ;  and  expressing  the  confi- 
dent belief  of  many  citizens  of  Louisville 
that,  if  necessary  to  obtain  the  removal, 
the  court  huuse  and  lot  would  be  deeded 
in  fee  simple  to  the  state,  or  else  leased, 
rent  free,  for  five  years.  The  Lexington 
city  council  promised  "  to  do  everything  in 
its  power  to  induce  "  a  removal  to  that 
city,  but  made  no  definite  ofi'er.  No  fur- 
ther action  was  taken. 

Jan.  20— F.  A.  Wilson  had  leave  to  in- 
troduce into  the  house  of  representatives 
B  bill  "  to  so  change  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween the  2d  and  28th  common  school 
districts,  in  the  county  of  Lyon,  as  to  in- 
clude A.  L.  Love  within  the  boundary  of 
the  2d  district."  [This  is  a  be.autiful  sam- 
ple of  some  of  the  "  private"  acts  passed  by 
the  Ky.  legislature.] 

Jan.  30 — At  Covington,  thermometer, 
at  7  A.  M.,  9°  below  zero. 

Jan.  30— Election  at  Lexington  for  city 
councilmen ;  Democratic  tici^et  successful, 
by  about  450  maj. ;  much  excitement,  be- 
cause provision  of  city  charter  (requiring 
of  all  voters,  black  and  white,  payment 
of  their  taxes  prior  to  Jan.  15th  as  a  qual- 
ification for  suffrage)  was  strictly  enforced  ; 
a  company  of  U.  S.  troops  was  sent  to 
Lexington  yesterday,  but  did  not  appear 
on  the  streets  to-day  j  no  disturbance. 
[See  below.] 

Jan.  31— Deaths  during  the  month: 

At  Lexington,  Samuel  Davies  McCul- 
lough,  aged  71.  Also,  Capt.  T-om.  Quirk, 
of  the  Morgan  Scouts  in  Gen.  John  H. 
Morgan's  command. 

At  Louisville,  M.  W.  Clusky,  an  author, 
journalist,  and  soldier. 

In  Mercer  co..  Col.  John  Bowman,  an 
old  citizen  ;  he  read  law  under  Henry 
Glay. 

Jan  31 — Legislature  changes  the  name 
of  Josh  Bell  county  to  Bell. 

Feb.  4 — Legislature  repeals  the  proviso 
of  the  charter  of  the  Cincinnati  Southern 
Railway  requiring  the  trustees  to  pay  into 
the  state  treasury  a  sum  equal  to  1  cent  on 
each  100  pounds  of  freight  shipped  over 

said  road 5— Appropriates    $200,000 

to  purchase  300  acres  and  erect  the  Third 
Lunatic  Asylum,  large  enough  for  400  in- 
mates  7— Allows  $2   for   each  wolf, 

and  $1    for    each  red  fox,  grey  fox,  and 

wild  cat,  killed  within  the  state 6— 

Prohibits  sale  of  ardent  spirits  in  Glasgow 
Junction  precinct.  Barren  co.  ;  in  village 
of  Headquarters,  Nicholas  co. ;  near  Buena 
Vista,  Garrard  co. ;  in  Clintonville  pre- 
cinct, Bourbon  co.  ;  in  Lee  county  ;  in 
Powersvillc,  Bracken  co.;  in  Caverna,  Hart 
CO.  ;  and  the  selling,  giving,  or  furnishing 
on  the  Sabbath,  in  Glasgow 18 — Au- 
thorizes the  city  of  Louisville  to  subscribe 
$1,000,000  additional  of  the  slock  of  the 
Elizabelhtown  and  Paducah  railroad  com- 
pany  26 — Makes  unlawful  in  Garrard 

CO.  the  killing  of  partridges  between  Feb. 

1st   and    Oct.    10th 26— Consents   to 

the   purchase    by    the    United    States   of 


grounds  ip  Covington  and  Pjiducah,  for 
erection  of  custom  house,  courthouse,  post 
ofiice,  Ac,  and  cedes  jurisdiction. 

Feb.  4— Re-union,  at  Covington,  of  the 
23rd  regiment  Ky.  volunteers  U.  S.  A.,  in 
the  civil  war. 

Feb.  4— Death,  in  Howe's  Valley,  Har- 
din CO.,  of  Mrs.  Susan  Klinglesmith,  aged 
96;  she  was  born  in  1777,  in  a  fort  near 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  and  removed  with  her 
husband  to  Hardin  co.  before  1800. 

Feb.  5 — First  through  freight  Irom  Cov- 
ington over  the  new  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
railroad,  from  Huntington,  West  Va.,  to 
Richmond,  Va. 

Feb.  5  to  8— Ovation,  at  Washington  city, 
by  Kentucky  members  of  congress,  to 
Henry  Watterson,  editor  of  the  Louisville 
Courier- Journal.  Four  elegant  breakfast 
and  dinner  parties  given,  with  some  of  the 
most  distinguished  men  of  the  nation  to 

Feb.  5 — The  house,  by  yeas  58,  nays 
28,  passes  the  bill  to  increase  the  salary  of 
the  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
(now  $2,000)  to  $3,000  per  year,  to  take 
effect  from  its  passage.  Feb,  2i> — It  passes 
the  senate,  by  yeas  19,  nays  5,  not  a  con- 
stitutional majority  (which  regularly  re- 
quires at  least  20  yeas),  but  for  the  vacancy 
in  that  body  caused  by  the  resignation  of 
Dr.  E.  D.  Standiford,  of  Jefferson  co. 

Feb.  6 — In  the  house  of  representatives, 
Mr.  George  Morgan  Thomas  offered  this  : 
Resolved,  That  the  population  of  this 
state  now  exceeds  1,500,000,  and  it  is  the 
sense  of  this  general  assembly  that  the 
state  should  be  divided  into  twenty-four 
judicial  districts  ;  therefore,  &c.  No  res- 
olution could  make  that  a  fact  as  to  the 
population  which  was  not  a  /act;  and  the 
house  had  too  much  respect  for  itself  to  at- 
tempt to  pass  it. 

Feb.  8 — In  the  house  of  representatives, 
Mr.  George  Morgan  Thomas  moved  tho 
following:  Renolved.  That  it  is  the  sense 
of  this  house,  that  the  act  authorizing  the 
purchase  of  Collins'  History,  to  be  paid  for 
out  of  the  school  fund,  is  unconstitutional, 
and  ought  to  be  repealed;  therefore.  Re- 
soloed,  That  the  committee  on  education 
be  instructed  to  bring  in  a  bill  repealing 
raid  act.  By  a  vote  of  41  to  37,  said  res- 
olutions were  referred  to  the  committee  on 
the  judiciary;  but  although  the  session 
extended  to  April  24(2J<  months),  no  re- 
port was  made  by  the  committee,  and  none 
was  called  for. 

Feb.  8— Death  at  St.  Louis,  aged  68,  of 
apoplexy,  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Crittenden 
widow  of  the  late  John  J.  Crittenden, 
of  Ky.  She  was  born  and  raised  in  Mason 
CO.,  Ky.,  removed  with  her  father.  Dr. 
James  W.  Moss,  to  Missouri,  and  was 
tliree  times  a  bride— first,  of  Dr.  Daniel 
P.Wilcox,  then  of  Gen.  Wm.  H.  Ashley, 
while  the  sole  representative  in  congress 
from  Missouri.  She  was  a  leader  in  the 
society  of  Washington  city  and  New  York 
for  thirty  years,  and  remarkable  for  beau- 
ty,   brilliancy,    hospitality,  and    benevo- 


1873. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


211 


Feb.  9  to  20— Financial  panic  in  Shelby 
00. ;  seven  large  failures  of  planters  and 
stock  dealers. 

Feb.  10— A  bill  is  now  pending  in  the 
U.  S.  house  of  representatives  to  pay  to  the 
widow  of  lat«  Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall, 
of  Ky.,  $1,086— being  the  amount  cov- 
ered into  the  U.  S.  treasury  about  Jan.  9. 
1863,  as  the  net  proceeds  of  the  sale  of 
Gen.  M's  library,  (confiscated,  and  sold  at 
Cincinnati,  under  act  of  July  19,  1862). 
"The  library  was  one  of  the  be.st  selected  in 
the  AVest,  and  was  shamefully  sacrificed. 

Feb.  11— President  Ulysses  S.  Grant  ve- 
toes a  bill  which  had  passed  congress, 
for  the  relief  of  those  suffering  from  the 
destruction  of  the  salt  works  near  Man- 
chester, Clay  CO.,  Ky.,  pursuant  to  the  or- 
der of  Gen.  Buell.  The  destruction  of  the 
salt  works,  he  says,  was  a  military  neces- 
sity ;  and  he  can  not  consent  to  the  doc- 
trine that  the  United  States  are  liable  for 
all  elaims  for  property  destroyed  by  the 
Union  armies  during  the  war. 

Feb.  11— Arrest  at  Lexington,  by  U.  S. 
officers,  of  9  prominent  citizens  (some  of 
them  far  advanced  in  life),  judges  at  the 
city  election  on  Jan.  30,  charged  with  **  ob- 
structing the  right  of  suffrage  ** — in  refus- 
ing to  receive  votes  that  were  ofi'ered.  They 
were  taken  to  Louisville,  for  examination. 
[A  Republican  judge  was  at  each  poll,  and 
the  election  conducted  fairly.  Every  man 
offering,  who  had  paid  his  taxes  before 
Jan.  15th,  and  was  otherwise  a  legal  voter, 
voted.  Many  negroes  and  a  number  of 
whites  had  not  paid  tax  ;  none  such  were 
allowed  to  vote.  A  similar  law  has  ex- 
isted in  some  other  Ky.  towns.] 

Feb.  12— Mrs.  Mary  J.  Erwin,  of  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  has  presented  to  the  Tennes- 
see state  library  a  portrait  of  the  great 
Henry  Clay  (who  was  her  relative),  painted 
in  1822,  probably  the  first  he  ever  sat  for. 

Feb.  13— Three  men  convicted  of  petit 
larceny  in  the  circuit  court  at  Cadiz,  Trigg 
CO.,  and  punished  in  the  jail,  by  whipping, 
with  ten  stripes  each. 

Feb.  13— A  message  from  Gov.  Leslie  to 
the  legislature  transmits  the  proceedings 
of  a  public  meeting  in  Frankfort,  in  con- 
demnation of  lawlessness  in  all  its  forms — 
and  calling  attention  to  his  annual  mes- 
sage, where  it  recommends  legislative  ac- 


for    the 


certain  detection, 


prehension,  and  punishment  of  the  class 
of  offenders  denounced  by  that  meeting. 

Feb.  13 — Destruction  by  fire  of  the'cir- 
euit  court  clerk's  office  at  Mt.  Vernon, 
RockcastU  C6. 

Feb.  13  tc  19— Examining  trial  for  six 
days  before  U.  S.  commissioner,  Meri- 
wether, of  the  Democratic  inspectors  or 
judges  at  the  polls  at  the  city  election  in 
Lexington,  on  Jan.  30th.  It  was  in  proof 
that  in  Ward  No.  4  every  otherwise  quali- 
fied voter,  black  or  white  who  had,  on  or 
before  Jan.  15th,  paid  his  capitation  tax, 
was  allowed  to  vote,  and  no  others  ;  that 
men  who  had  always  voted  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket  were  refused  a  vote,  because 
they  could  not  show  their  tax  receipts  ;  that 
I...l(i 


a  few  men  who  had  not  paid  their  taxes, 
nevertheless  had  been  presented  with  tax 
receipts  showing  payment  in  their  name 
on  Jan.  13th,  and  their  votes  were  taken 
upon  showing  these  receipts  ;  one  man  tes- 
tified that  such  a  receipt  was  offered  him 

ticket,  but  he  refused  the  terms,  and  did 
not  offer  to  vote  ;  another  testified  that  on 
Jan.  13  he  was  presented  with  his  tax  re- 
ceipt, paid  for  by  some  one  else,  and  that 
with  that  receipt  his  vote  was  tak6n--he  vo- 
ted the  Republican  ticket ;  another,  that  on 
Jan.  9th,  he  presented  to  the  city  collector 
or  his  deputy  a  list  of  names  of  voters  for 
whom  he  proposed  to  pay  the  capitation 
tax  for  1872,  but  the  deputy  said  he  could 

unpaid  taxes  back  of  1872  ;  that  he  then 
offered  to  pav  the  capitation  tax  for  1872 
for  a  list  of  155  names,  and  for  1870-1-2 
for  such  as  had  not  paid,  but  the  deputy 
declined  receiving  any  unless  all  back 
taxes  were  paid— which  the  witness  re- 
fused to  pay  ;  that  several  men  who  applied 
to  vote,  without  tax  receipts,  were  sworn, 
and  swore  they  had  paid  their  capitation 
tax — those  were  allowed  to  vote,  and  voted, 
some  the  Republican  and  some  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket.  The  defendant,  John  Marrs, 
was  held  in  $500  bail  to  answer  to  the  U. 
S.  circuit  court ;  the  others  waived  exami- 
nation, and  gave  bail  also. 

Feb.  14— The  Bankrupt  statistics,  in 
the  Louisville  district,  show :  A  large 
number  of  bankrupt  estates  were  small, 
from  $400  up  to  $1,000  in  gross,  and  in 
these  the  expenses  were  disproportionately 
heavy.  The  dividends  ranged  from  IJ^ 
to  100  per  cent.- the  whole  averaging  31 


the    dollar.     The 


ige  per 


centage  of  costs  was  10  and  4-5ths. 

Feb.  14 — Delivery  to  the  jailor  at  Dan- 
ville, of  Wm.  S.  Wilson  and  H.  C.  Drye, 
the  murderers  of  John  B.  Williamson,  at 
South  Danville,  on  Jan.  30 ;  they  were 
captured  in  Fentress  co.,  Tenn. ;  Feb.  19, 
they  were  taken  for  safe-keeping  to  the 
jail  in  Louisville. 

Feb.  17— The  senate,  by  12  yeas,  9 
nays,  passes  a  bill  allowing  persons  of 
foreign  birth,  who  have  made  a  declaration 
of  intention  to  become  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  (if  otherwise  qualified  ac- 
cording to  the  laws  of  Ky.)  to  vote  in  mu- 
nicipal elections.  The  bill  was  not  acted 
on,  in  the  house. 

Feb.  17 — At  Bowling  Green,   a  colored 


yith  twenty  lashe 
;,  a  negro  man  pu 
lashes. 


.     Also,  at  Mt. 
lished  with  thir- 


ty- 

Feb.  18— Successful  trial  at  Louisville, 
of  the  Remington  steam  street-car. 

Feb.  18— The  response  of  the  commis- 
sioners of  the  sinking  fund  to  a  resolution 
of  the  senate  shows — thai  oetween  April, 
1870,  and  Aug.,  1872,  Fayette  Hewitt, 
quartermaster-general  of  Ky.,  collected 
from  the  U.  S.  government  and  paid  into 
the  state  treasury  $880,872.  For  services 
and  assistance  rendered  him  at  Washing- 


242 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1873. 


ton  city,  he  paid  out  $64,815  ;  of  whicli  to 
Albert  Pike  &  R.  W.  Johnson,  $32,049,  to 
Richard  C.  Wintersmith,  $9,146,  to  W.  R. 
Drinliard,  $5,140,  to  Wm.  Brown,  $5,000, 
to  Dent  &  Page,  $5,828,  to  M.  Walling- 
ford,  $6,039,  and  the  balance  for  other 
small  fees,  for  printing,  personal  ex- 
penses, etc. 

And  the  response,  Feb.  24,  of  the  audi- 
tor, D.  Howard  Smith,  shows  that  between 
May  27,  1862,  and  Aug.  7,  1869,  the  state 
received  from  the  United  States — in  pay- 
ment of  expenditures  incurred  by  the  state 
in  raising,  maintaining,  and  equipping 
volunteers  or  militia  during  the  laio  civil 
war — in  twelve  payments,  the  aggregate 
sum  of  $1,557,202.  Of  this  ($1,051,000 
having  been  paid  during  the  war),  $506,202 
was  collected  by  the  regular  state  agent,  C. 
D.  Pennebaker — under  a  salary  of  about 
$3,750  per  year,  besides  clerk  hire,  office 
rent,  and  office  expenses,  of  about  $;^,500  per 
year— or  a  cost  of  ,$35,145  in  all,  from  April 
19,  1864.  to  Aug.  7,  1869. 

Feb.  18—19  men  in  the  neighborhood  of 
High  Grove,  Nelson  co.,  weigh  each  from 
210  to  278  pounds,  and  7  others  over  200 

Feb.  18,  19 — State  educational  conven- 
tion of  colored  men,  in  session  at  the 
court  house  in  Louisville.     Among  other 

things,    their   memorial    says: "we 

deem  it  a  duty  incumbent  upon  us  to  seek 
for  our  children  equal  educational  privi- 
liges  in  common  with  other  eitiiens  of  the 
United  States  : 

Resolved,  That  we  most  earnestly  re- 
quest there  be  no  special  legislation  in  the 
state  of  Kentucky  for  colored  people  ;  since 
it  is  humiliating  to  us,  detrimental  to  the 
finance  of  the  state,  and  contrary  to  sound 
policy. 

Resolved,  That  we  sincerely  believe  that 
citizens  in  general  of  Kentucky  are  as 
ready  to  accord  equal  school  privileges  to 
the  colored  people  of  this  state,  as  col- 
ored people  are  to  receive  those  privileges. 

Resolved,  That  it  is  our  aim  ever  to  la- 
bor honestly,  earnestly,  and  amicably,  to 
secure  equal  educational  privileges  in  com- 
mon with  citizens  of  Kentucky,  and  with 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  to  show 
ourselves  worthy  of  the  same." 

Feb.  19- In  the  house  of  representa- 
tives, Mr.  E.  Polk  Johnson  moved  the  fol- 
lowing, which  lies  one  day  upon  the  ta- 
ble : 

Whereas,  The  following  Acts  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  Kentucky,  and  Journals  of  the  two 
Houses  thereof,  are  missing  from  the  Li- 
brary of  the  State,  viz:  Acts  from  1792 
to  1798 ;  Acts  from  1799  to  1806  ;  Acts 
from  1807  to  1812  ;  Journals  from  1792  to 
1815;  Journals  from  1816  to  1822;  there- 
fore, be  it 

Resolved  hy  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Kenincky,  That  the 
State   Librarian    is   hereby  instructed    to 


urchase,  for  the 


of  the   State,  such 


an  extent  not  exceeding  two  sets  of  each 
and  upon  his  certifying  the  cost  of  the 
same  to  the  Auditor,  he  shall  draw  his 
warrant  on  the  Treasurer  for  the  amount 
expended. 

The  resolution  was  not  called  up  nor 
acted  on.  Such  indifference  and  careless- 
ness about  trying  to  restore  printed  records 
of  the  slate  which  had  been  destroyed  by 
/oiir/rM  (the  burning  of  two  state  houses 
and  two  other  public  buildings)  is  unfor- 

Feb.  21— $200,000  of  state  bonds  paid 
to-day,  and  $75,000  more  since  Oct.  10, 
1872. 

Feb.  21— Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  of 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  lectures  at  Louisville  to 
an  immense  audience,  on  "Manhood  and 
Money." 

Feb.  21— Judge  Robert  C.  Bowling,  of 
the  Warren  circuit  coart,  refuses  a  man- 
damus compelling  the  county  court  to  issue 
to  the  Bowling  Green  and  Madisonville 
railroad  the  $500,000  of  bonds  voted  by 
the  people  in  May  last.  The  election  was 
ordered  by  the  county  judge,  without  the 
concurrence  of  the  magistrates  ;  and  this 
order  Judge  B.  decided  illegal,  and  the 
election  held  under  it  illegal  and  void. 

Feb.  25— An  article  in  the  St.  Louis 
Times  complains  of  **  the  Kentucky  dy- 
nasty," and  adds  :  '*  Missouri  has  had  only 
18  U.  S.  senators  ;  of  these,  nearly  one- 
half  were  n.atives  of  Ky.,  as  also  have 
been  several  of  her  governors.  When  B. 
Gratz  Brown  was  governor,  his  Ky.  cousin, 
Frank  P.  Blair,  Jr.,  was  her  U.  S.  senator  ; 
and  Brown  was  succeeded  as  governor  by 
Woodson,  another  Kentnckian.  In  the 
late  contest  for  U.  S.  senator,  several  can- 
didates were  Kentuckians." 

Feb.  25 — The  population  of  Bourbon 
county  has  varied  less  than  400,  for  35  years 
past,  and  was  greatest  in  1830 — when  it 
was  3,573  larger  than  at  any  time  since. 
Cattse  !  The  absorption  of  small  farms  by 
the  wealthier  land  owners.  John  Hil- 
dreth  has  bought  up  farms  on  which  lived 
24  families,  embracing  161  persons,  most 

Feb.  25— In  the  circuit  court  at  Lexing- 
ton, a  negro  man  sentenced  to  twenty 
lashes  for  petit  larceny. 

Feb.  25 — Gov.  Leslie  vetoes  "An  act  to 
incorporate  the  Cairo  and  Tennessee  river 
railroad,"  chiefly  because  its  provisions 
are  in  plain  contravention  to  the  Consti- 
tution of  Ky.,  which  declares  that  no 
man's  property  shall  be  taken  or  applied 
to  public  use  without  just  compensation 
being  previoasly  isade  to  him.  The  house 
unanimously  sustains  the  veto. 

[For  want  of  such  Constitutional  pro- 
vision in  Ohio,  the  Author  of  this  work 
holds  an  unsatisfied  judgment  for  nearly 
$2,000  against  a  broken  canal  company, 
for  a  lot  in  Cincinnati  taken  without  any 
compensation  whatever — which  lot,  if  re- 
stored, would  now  sell  for  $20,000.] 

Feb.  26 — Only  74  cases  of  small-pox  and 
varioloid  in  Louisville  ofl&cially  reported 
to-day. 


I 


ANNALS  OF   KENTUCKY. 


243 


Feb.  26 — Chronological  list  of  mayors 
of  Louisville,  froui  the  first  city  election 
1st  Monday  iu  March,  1828  : 

John  C.  Bucklin,  1828, '29,  '30,  '31,  '32 

'33. 
John  Joyes,  1834,  '35. 
William  A.  Coclte,  1836. 
Fred.  A.  Kaye,  1837,  '38,  '39,  '40,  '44, 

'45,  '46. 
David  L.  Beatty,  1841,  '42,  '43. 
Wm.  R.  Vance,  1847,  '48,  '49. 
John  M.  Delph,  1850,  '51,  '52,  '61,  '62. 
James  S.  Speed,  1853,  '54. 
John  Barbee,  1855,  '56. 
William  S.  Piloher,  1857,  '58,  until  his 

death,  Aug.  14,  '58. 
Thomas  W.  Riley,  the    vacancy,    from 

Aug.  19,  '58. 
Thomas  H.  Crawford,  1859,  '60. 
William  Kave,  1863,  '64. 
Phil.    Tompport,  1865,    until    Dec.    28, 

1865. 
James  S.  Lithgow  filled  the  unexpired 
term,  and  '66  until  Feb.  14,  '67,    when  he 

Phil.  Tomppert  filled  remainder  of  term, 
to  March,  '67,  and  was  elected  for  1867, 
'68. 

Jo.  H.  Bunoe,  1869. 

John  6.  Baxter,  1870,  '71,  '72. 

Charles  D.  Jacob,  1873-'74. 

Feb.  27— M.  P.  Clarkson  has  been  post- 
master at  Wrayson  Springs,  Gr.ayson  Co., 
for  40  years,  since  1833— the  oldest  P.  M. 
inKy. 

Feb.  27— Gov.  Leslie  vetoes  four  bills 
for  incorporating  four  turnpiice  roads  in 
Lewis  CO.,  because  they  make  it  imperative 
upon  the  county  court  (without  a  vote  by 
the  people)  to  subscribe  some  $15,000  of 
stock,  issue  bonds,  and  tax  the  people  for 
their  payment.  He  thinks  the  legislature 
has  no  power  thus  to  impose  debt  upon 
counties.  The  house  of  representatives,  in 
which  the  four  bills  originated,  sustained, 
March  17,  the  governor's  veto  by  45  to  6, 
47  to  9,  48  to  5,  and  50  to  2  votes  respect- 
ively. 

Feb.  27— Annual  commencement  of  law 
school  of  University  of  Louisville  ;  10  grad- 
uates. 

Feb.  28— Gov.  Hendricks  vetoes  a  bill 
to  erect  a  bridge  over  the  Ohio  river  be- 
tween Jeffersonville  and  Louisville.  A 
new  bill  was  prepared,  leaving  out  the  ob- 
jecdonal  features  in  the  vetoed  bill. 

Feb.  28 — Annual  commencement  of  Lou- 
isville Medical  college  ;   51  graduates. 

Feb.  28—"  Bee  cholera"  has  been  fatal 
in  Lincoln  co.,  9  out  of  13  colonies  dying 
on  one  place,  and  leaving  plenty  of  honey 
to  have  wintered  them. 

March  1 — Fire  at  Lancaster,  Garrard 
CO.  ;  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  Masonic  Lodge, 
bank,  and  a  dry  goods  store,  all  nearly 
consumed. 

March  1 — Much  excitement  and  uneas- 
iness, recently,  among  farmers  and  others 
in  Clark  and  Fayette  counties,  for  fear  the 
eastern  extension  of  the  Elizabethtown, 
Lexington  and  Big  Sandy  railroad  will 
not  be  built,  and  a  strong  disposition  to 


unfriendly  legislation.  Letters  from  the 
president  of  the  road,  and  from  Gen.  John 
C.  Breckinridge,  vice-president,  give  posi- 
tive assurance  that  the  road  will  be  built. 

March  3 — At  Louisville,  vice-chancellor 
James  Harlan  refuses  tbe  injunction  asked 
by  Tyler's  Ex'r.  vs.  The  City  of  Louis- 
ville, to  prevent  the  issue  of  city  bonds  in 
payment  of  the  $1,000,000  recent  addi- 
tional subscription  of  stock  in  the  Eliza- 
bethtown and  Paducah  R.  R.,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  a  direct  connection  between  that 
road  and  the  city. 

March  3 — Annual  commencement  of  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
Louisville  ;  75  graduates  :  6  valuable  prizes 
and  other  honors  awarded. 

March  3— The  bill  which  soon  becomes 
notorious  as  the  *'  salary-grab  "  or  *'  back- 
pay-grab "  bill,  finally  passes  both  houses 
of  congress,  and  becomes  a  law.  It  doubles 
the  U.  S.  president's  salary,  from  $25,000 
to  $50,000  per  year,  increases  the  annual 
salary  of  the  vice-president,  cabinet  ofii- 
cers,  justices  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
speaker  of  the  house  to  $10,000,  and  con- 
gressmen,  to  $7,500  and  actual  traveling 


nd  als 


pay! 


or  back  salary  to  the  members  of  the  42d 
congress,  whose  terms  close  to-night. 

On  the  vote  in  the  U.  S.  senate  on  the 
bill  embracing  this  increase,  Willis  B. 
Machen,  of  Ky.,  voted  aye ;  John  W. 
Stevenson,  of  Ky.,  was  absent. 

In  the  house,  on  concurring  in  this  bill 
as  returned  from  the  senate,  the  Ky.  mem- 
bers vote  thus :  Aj/es — Geo.  M.  Adams, 
Edward  Crossland,  Henry  D.  McHenry, 
John  M.  Rice,  Boyd  Winchester— 5. 
JVags—Wm.  E.  Arthur,  Joseph  H.  Lewis 
—2.  ^i«ei<(— James  B.  Beck,  William  B. 
Read— 2. 

March  3 — The  response  of  the  auditor 
to  a  resolution  of  the  senate,  calling  for 
information  in  regard  to  the  "  auditor's 
agents,"  shows  that  in  ten  years,  from 
Feb.  28,  1862,  to  Jan.  1,  1872,  the  aggre- 
gate of  revenue  collected  through  these 
agents  and  paid  into  the  state  treasury 
was  $204,434,  and  the  agents'  commis- 
sions thereon  (as  fixed  by  law)  $47,405. 
In  the  14  months  succeeding,  from  Jan.  1, 
1872,  to  Feb.  27,  1873,  the  agents  collected 
and  paid  into  the  treasury,  $43,757,  and 
ved  therefor  $10,677— besides  which 
they  report  $91,883  on  which  suit  is  pend- 
ing ;  on  this,  if  successful,  their  commis- 
sions will  bo  over  $22,000.  The  auditor 
declares  this  one  of  the  most  important 
revenue  laws  on  the  statute  books,  and 
recommends  its  re-enactment;  by  its  own 
terms,  it  expires  to-day. 

March  5 — I.  L.  Hyatt  takes  his  seat  in 
the  senate,  from  Jefferson  co.  and  part  of 
the  city  of  Louisville— cice  Elisha  D. 
Standiford,  resigned,  Feb.  18,  to  take  his 

March  5— Death  at  San  Francisco  of 
Lieut.  Col.  Cary  H.  Fry,  of  Louisville, 
aged  59.  He  was  a  native  of  Danville, 
Ky.  ;  graduated  at  the  U.  S.  military  acad- 
emy, 1834 ;  was  brevet  2d  lieut.  of  3d  ia- 


244 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1873. 


fantry,  resigning  in  1836;  major  of  2d 
Ky.  vols,  in  Mexican  war,  1847,  and  dis- 
tinguished for  services  at  Buena  Vista, 
where  his  colonel  Wm.  R.  McKee,  and 
lieut.  col.  Henry  Clay,  Jr.,  were  killed  ; 
paymaster  U.  S.  army,  1853  ;  deputy  pay- 
master-general during  and  since  the  late 
civil  war,  and  since  Oct.  15,  1867,  brevet 
brigadier  general.  The  Ky.  legislature 
ordered  his  remains  to  be  brought  to 
Frankfort,    for   re-interment   in  the  state 

March'e— The  senate,  by  a  vote  of  12  to 
14,  refuses  to  authorize  the  "purchase  of 
a  sufBcient  quantity  of  lightning  conduc- 
tors to  protect  all  the  public  buildings  in 
Frankfort." 

March  8 — Mortgage  of  the  Kentucky 
and  Great  Eastern  R.  R.  Co.  to  the  Farm- 
ers' Loan  and  Trust  Co.,  of  N.  Y.,  for 
$2,190,000,  recorded  in  the  clerk's  offices 
for  Mason,  Campbell,  and  other  counties. 

March  8  to  14— Trial  at  Georgetown,  of 
the  great  slander  suit  of  Adam  Harper  v9. 
Wallace  Harper,  his  cousin  ;  damages 
claimed  $500,000  ;  5  lawyers,  among  the 
very  ablest  in  Ky.,  on  each  side.  The 
parties  are  nephews,  and  were  expectant 
heirs  of  Betsey  and  Jacob  Harper,  the 
aged  brother  and  sister  (78  and  77  years) 
who  were  brutally  murdered  at  their  house 
in  Woodford  co.  on  Sept.  10,  1871— Adam 
Harper  having  been  charged  by  Wallace 
Harper,  before  the  grand  jury,  with  being 
the  murderer.  Evidence  tending  to  sus- 
tain the  charge  was  adduced,  but  not 
enough  to  justify  the  grand  jury    in  re- 

On  this  trial,  witnesses  stated  the  gen- 
eral belief  of  the  community  that  Adam 
Harper  was  implicated  in  the  murder. 
Hyde,  a  detective,  produced  in  court  a 
measure  of  the  boot  tracks,  two  sets,  lead- 
ing from  the  house  to  where  the  horses 
were  hitched  on  which  the  murderers  es- 
caped ;  these  measures  he  compared  with 
the  tracks  of  Adam  Harper  and  his  son 
John  W.,  and  found  them  to  fit.  Mr. 
Lewis  testified  to  the  anxiety  of  Adam 
Harper,  who  is  a ,  left-handed  man,  to 
prove  that  the  m.urder  could  have  been 
committed  only  by  a  right-handed  man. 
The  estates  of  the  murdered  brother  and 
sister  were  proven  to  be  worth  nearly  half 
a  million.  The  deposition  of  old  John 
Harper,  their  brother,  gave  an  account  of 
a  midnight  call  on  the  night  of  the  mur- 
der, to  see  Longfellow  ;  but  his  owner  re- 
fused the  sight  then.  [The  opinion  pre- 
vails that  this  caller  designed  to  murder 
old  John,  also.] 

The  jury  were  out  %ths  of  an  hour,  and 
returned  a  verdict  for  defendant ;  which 
the  crowded  audience  received  with  tre- 
mendous applause,  notwithstanding  the 
efforts  of  the  court  to  preserve  order. 

March  8— Death,  near  Florence,  Boone 
CO.,  of  Gen.  Leonard  Stephens,  aged  82  : 
born  March  10,  1791,  in  Orange  Co.,  Va., 
came  with  his  father,  Benj.  Stephens  (see 
Vol.  II,  p.  759),  to  near  Bryan's  station 
in  18U6,  and  in  1807  to  the  neighborhood 


where  he  died,  then  an  nnbroken  forest; 
at  32,  represented  Campbell  eo.  in  the  leg- 
islature for  four  years,  1823,  '24, '25,  26; 
at  38.  was  senator  from  Campbell  and 
Boone  for  four  years,  1829-33  ;  was  justice 
of  the  peace  of  Campbell  co.  for  many 
years ;  and  as  senior  magistrate  when 
Kenton  co.  was  formed  in  1840,  became 
high  sheriff. 

March  9 — Death,  at  Louisville,  of  pneu- 
monia, of  Edgar  Needham,  assessor  of  U. 
S.  internal  revenue,  aged  60;  he  was  born 
in  England,  March  19,  1813 ;  emigrated 
when  young  to  the  United  States,  and  in 
1834  to  Louisville  ;  was  one  of  4  in  Ky. 
who,  in  1852,  voted  for  John  P.  Hale  for 
U.  S.  president ;  one  of  314  who  voted  for 
Col.  John  C.  Fremont  in  1856;  and  one  of 
1,364  who  voted  for  Abraham  Lincoln  in 
1860.  He  started  life  a  stone  mason,  be- 
came a  builder  of  fine  stone-fronts,  and 
then  of  monuments  ;  was  self-made,  a  man 
of  great  energy,  and  of  marked  intelligence, 
and  a  handsome  and  effective  speaker  ;  no 
man  more  highly  appreciated  the  advan- 
tages of  a  finished  education  and  elegant 
culture.  He  was  an  earnest  Christian  and 
a  remarkable  man.  It  is  said  that  he  has 
been  regarded  by  the  law  officers  of  the 
government  at  Washington  city  and  in 
Louisville,  as  the  ablest  internal  revenue 
lawyer  in  the  whole  United  States— so 
thoroughly  did  he  master  every  thing  he 
undertook. 

March  10— Great  Eastern  circus  tent, 
with  7,000  people  beneath  it,  at  Louisville, 
overturned  by  ;v  tornado  ;  fearful  panic ; 
one  boy  killed,  a  young  man  fatally  in- 
jured, and  other  persons  wounded. 

March  10 — Great  bank  robbery  in  Louis- 
ville ;  vault  of  the  Falls  City  Tobacco  Bank 
entered  from  the  room  above  by  profes- 
sional burglars,  and  robbed  of  $2,000  ia 
gold,  $5,000  in  diamonds  and  other  jew- 
elry, and  about  $300,000  in  railroad  and  a 
few  government  bonds,  among  them  some 
$60,000  of  bonds  belonging  to  Centre  Col- 
lege, recently  transferred  to  this  bank  for 
safe-keeping.  As  190  holes  were  drilled 
through  the  chilled  iron  roof  of  the  vault, 
the  work  had  probably  occupied  the  five 
burglars  the  most  of  two  or  three  nights. 
The  stolen  articles  were  all  on  special  de- 
posite,  or  held  as  collateral  for  loans  by 
the  bank. 

March  10— Valuation  of  taxable  prop- 
erty in  the  city  of  Covington,  for  1873, 
$11,606,315.  Population,  taken  by  the 
assessors,  26,117. 

March  11 — House  of  representatives 
pass  a  resolution  to  adjourn  at  2  p.  M.,  and 
march  in  procession  to  the  Episcopal 
church,  to  attend  the  nuptial  ceremonies 
of  Hon.  W.  W.  Deaderick,  member  of  the 
house  from  Pendleton  co.,  [to  Miss  Sallie 
Hardin,  daughter  of  Mordeoai  R.  Hardin, 
now  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  appeals.] 

aiarch  11— At  12K  this  a.  m..  a  mob  of 
25  men  appeared  before  the  jail  at  Dan- 
ville, and  demanded  that  Wm.  S.  Wilson, 
one  of  the  Shelby  city  murderers,  be  de- 
livered to  them.     The  jailor  refused,  aud 


187: 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


245 


warned  them  off;  the  alarm  bell  at  the 
court  house  was  sounded,  and  quite  a  fusil- 
ade  of  shots  were  fired  by  the  guards  in  the 
jail  and  court  house — when  the  mob  hur- 
riedly mounted  their  horses  and  beat  a  re- 
treat. March  13,  a  change  of  venue  in  the 
case  of  said  Wilson  and  Drye  was  refused, 
and  the  case  continued,  and  the  prisoners 
were  sent  back  to  the  jail  at  Louisville  for 
safe-keeping. 

March  12— Miss  Anna  E.  Dickinson  lec- 
tures in  Louisville,  on  "  Woman's  Work." 
She  had  promised  instead  a  lecture  on 
"  Men's  Rights." 

March  12— Great  Eastern  menagerie 
and  circus  give  the  proceeds  of  to-night's 
performance,  $585,  to  the  two  families 
whose  two  sons  were  killed  by  the  falling 
of  the  tent,  in  the  storm  on  March  10. 

March  12— Suit  brought  by  the  Newport 
and  Cincinnati  Bridge  Co.  vs.  the  United 
St.ates,  for  .$557,000,  as  damages  for  in- 
creasing the  heighi  of  the  bridge  ;  congress 
having  authoriied  the  suit,  when  the  act 
passed  compelling  the  increased  height. 

March  15— Padueah  derived  over  $7,000, 
and  Henderson  about  $2,000  from  liquor 
licenses,  in  1872. 

March  15 — Great  fire  at  Lawrenceburg, 
Anderson  eo.,  at  12  M. ;  60  stores,  groceries, 
residences,  and  other  houses  burned,  and 
63  families  rendered  homeless;  only  15 
houses  left  standing  in  the  town.  March 
17— Citizens  of  Frankfort  subscribe  $1,092, 
and  the  city  council  $1,000  for  the  suffer- 
ers by  this  fire.  The  legislature  passes  an 
act  authorizing  the  Anderson  county 
court  to  subscribe  not  over  $20,000  fo"r 
said  sufferers,  and  to  refund  the  same  by 
taxation.  The  senate,  by  23  to  2,  voted  a 
eubscription  from  the  state  treasury  of 
$5,000  for  the  sufferers  by  the  Lawrence- 
burg fire,  and  $2,500  for  those  by  the  Car- 
lisle fire  in  January  last;  but  the  house 
refused  to  pass  a  similar  bill  by  36  to  30, 
and  did  not  act  upon  this  one.  Louisville 
merchants  and  members  of  the  board  of 
trade  contributed  $1,015  to  the  Lawrence- 
burg sufferers.  A  list  of  56  sufferers  shows 
their  aggregate  losses  $191,100,  with  an 
insurance  of  only  $36,250. 

March  15— Murty  O'Brien  killed  his 
step-son,  Tim.  Hogan,  in  Columbus,  Hick- 
man CO.,  Ky.,  in  the  fall  of  1867  ;  he  has 
been  a  prisoner  awaiting  his  trial  during 
five  years,  has  been  three  times  tried  and 
each  time  sentenced  to  be  hanged,  and  is 
now  at  last,  by  a  decree  of  the  court  of  ap- 
peals, set  at  liberty — because  he  had  been 
twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  capital  punish- 
ment. 

March  16— Rev.  Lorenzo  D.  Huston,  D. 
D.,  formerly  of  Ky.,  recently  pastor  of  a 
Methodist  E.  Church  South  in  Baltimore, 
unanimously  found  guilty  of  the  charges  of 
immorality  and  gross  lewdness  preferred 
by  several  victims,  before  a  committee  of 
14  prominent  clergymen  of  Baltimore  Con- 
ference, and  his  expulsion  from  the  church 
recommended. 

March  16 — Compromise  of  the  great  dia- 
mond suit,  of  Wm.  M.  Lent  and  others  «». 


Philip  Arnold  and  John  B.  Slack,  in  the 
U.  S.  circuit  court  at  Louisville.  Arnold, 
still  denying  that  he  owed  them  one  cent, 
paid  $150,000 — "  to  purchase  his  peace, 
and  to  get  loose  from  this  most  powerful 
and  world-renowned  ring;  and  besides  he 
could  not  afford  to  lose  the  time  necessary 
in  attending  to  the  suit  for  four  times  the 
money  he  paid." 

March  19 — Last  issue  of  the  Lexington 
Observer  and  Reporter,  the  oflice  having 
been  purchased  by  the  owners  of  the  Daiti/ 
and  Weekly  Press,  and  the  papers  to  be 
consolidated. 

March  20— The  trustees  of  the  Cincin- 
nati Southern  railway,  to  be  built  from 
Cincinnati  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  report 
the  complete  survey  of  26  routes  between 
the  termini,  differing  in  some  part  of  each. 
These  vary  in  length  from  334  to  376  miles  ; 
and  in  Kentucky  extend  from  Versailles 
on  the  west  to  Richmond  on  the  east. 

Gov.  Leslie,  on  March  28,  vetoed  a  bill 
to  authorize  certain  counties  to  purchase 
land  for  a  right  of  way  and  depot  grounds, 
and  lease  the  same  to  the  Cincinnati  South- 
ern railway.  He  regarded  such  action  as 
opposed  to  sound  public  policy,  without 
any  mutuality  in  contract,  and  unconsti- 
tutional ;  denying  that  the  legislature  has 
power  to  coerce  contributions  of  money  or 
property  for  any  such  purpose,  and  claim- 
ing, in  the  language  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Iowa,  "  that  the  legislature  has  no 
power  to  authorize  a  local  majority  to  vote 
a  tax  upon  the  people  of  a  district,  the 
proceeds  of  which  are  to  be  given  or  do- 
nated to  a  private  company  organized  for 
pecuniary  profit,  and  in  which  the  tax- 
payer has  no  interest,  and  for  the  taxes  ex- 
acted receives  no  return."  The  house  of 
representatives  in  which  the  bill  originated 
sustained  the  veto  by  47  to  19,  although 
the  bill  had  passed  that  body,  on  Feb.  13, 
by  65  to  8. 

March  21 — Special  election  in  4th  and 
5th  wards  of  Louisville,  to  fill  vacancy  in 
the  house  of  representatives  caused  by  res- 
ignation of  E.  F.  Waide.  The  vote  stood  : 
Frank  Sacksteder  791,  Tim.  Needham337, 
A.  G.  Drake  (colored)  312. 

March  22— Ky.  Society  for  the  Preven- 
tion of  Cruelty  to  Animals,  at  Louisville, 
incorporated;  police  officers  throughout 
the  State  shall  aid  in  enforcing  all  laws 
enacted  for  the  protection  of  dumb  ani- 
mals. 

March  22 — Padueah  voted  a  subscription 
of  $200,000  to  the  Padueah  and  North 
Eastern  railroad. 

March  22^-The  recent  freight  blockade 
south  of  Louisville  proves  to  be  at  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn.,  where  over  500  lo.aded 
cars  have  accumulated  because  of  inability 
of  Western  and  Atlantic  (Ga.)  R.  R.  to 
move  them. 

March  23— Death  near  Taylorsville, 
Spencer  Co.,  aged  nearly  72,  of  Mark  E. 
Huston.  He  was  a  native  of  the  same 
county,  born  April  12,  1801 ;  a  prominent 
and  successful  lawyer;  a  representative 
in  the  legislature  for  4  years,  1S35,  '48,  '53- 


246 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


55,  and  a  state  senator  for  8  years.  1S37- 
45  ;  a  member  of  the  conTention  which 
formed  the  present  constitution  in  1849  ; 
an  intelligent  farmer;  a  man  of  fine  intel- 
lect :  of  wonderful  industry  and  persever- 
ance ;  of  incorruptible  integrity  ;  faithful 
and  generous  ;  and,  more  and  higher  ihan 
all,  a  Christian  gentleman. 

March  23— Rev.  John  Lapsley  McKee, 
D.  D.,  vice  president  of  Centre  College, 
announced  to  his  congregation  at  Danville, 
that,  owing  to  the  recent  bank  robbery  at 
Louisville,  the  college  would  have  to  sus- 
pend its  exercises  after  June  next,  nnless 
the  sum  of  $50,000  could  be  raised  towards 
the  endowment.  $6,000  were  immediately 
subscribed,  and  $6,000  more  in  the  neigh- 
borhood within  a  few  days. 

March  24 — In  reply  to  a  letter  of  in- 
quiry, and  which  suggested  that  many 
army  ofBcers  were  afraid  to  testify  in  ref- 
erence to  supplies  taken  by  their  order, 
for  fear  of  making  themselves  personally 
liable  in  case  the  U.  S.  government  re- 
fused payment,  the  following  ofBcial  state- 
ment was  received  from  the  U.  S.  quarter- 
master general's  office  at  Washington 
city: 

"  Testimony  given  by  ex-army  officers, 
affecting  claims  for  quartermaster's  stores 
taken  for  the  use  of  the  army  during  the 
Rebellion,  does  not  affect  any  accounts 
they  may  have  with  this  office  ;  nor  will 
they  be  held  responsible  for  property  so 
taken,  not  already  accounted  for. 
By  order  of  Quartermaster  General. 

"M.  J.  LCDDIXGTOS,  Q.  M.  U.  S.  A." 
March  25 — The  auditor's  report  states 
that  during  the  last  year  the  number  of 
sheep  killed  by  dogs  in  Kentucky  was 
21,516,  valued  at  $59,964;  and  that  sev- 
eral thousand  were  killed  of  which  no  re- 
port was  made  to  the  assessors. 

March  26 — Death  at  Louisville,  aged  82, 
of  Mrs.  Margaret  H.  Jouett,  widow  of 
Matt.  Jouett,  the  artist,  and  mother-in- 
law  of  the  late  Hon.  Richard  H.  Mene- 
fee. 

March  26— In  the  17th  century,  Sarah 
and  Wolfort  'Webber  and  Wintjie  Sabrant 
Brower  died  in  Holland,  leaving  by  will 
to  their  children  and  children's  heirs  their 
property,  now  increased  to  $70,000,000. 
The  Browers  of  Holland  are  the  Brewers 
of  to-day.  Daniel  Brewer  and  his  wife 
Mary  King,  (who  was  one  of  the  Aneke 
Jans  family,)  came  to  Mercer  co.  many 
years  ago  ;  and  among  their  great  grand- 
children are  a  dozen  or  more  of  well-known 
citizens  of  Harrodsburg  and  neighbor- 
hood. 

March  28— Thomas  Smith,  a  negro, 
hung  at  Louisville,  on  the  common  between 
14th  and  15th  streets  and  3.  of  the  farthest 
Nashville  railroad  shops,  in  the  presence 
of  some  7,000  people,  for  the  murder  of 
Joseph  Braden,  on  the  Salt  river  road  12 
miles  s.  of  Louisville,  on  May  18,  1871. 

March  30— Sale  by  Col.  R.  West,  of 
Scott  CO.,  to  a  N.  Y.  gentleman,  of  a  marC; 
Mollie  Long,  for  $15,000. 

March  30— Death  near  Foxtown,  Mad- 


on  CO.,  aged  105,  of  Daniel  Pnreell,  a  sol- 
iercf  the  war  of  1812. 
March  31— The  Friends  at  Pleasant  Hill, 


fuu 


the 


Shaker  village.  The  length  of  the  animal 
)ver  24  feet,  and  its  height  probably 
12  feet. 

March  31— Ground  broken  at  Maysville 
for  the  new  through  line,  Ky.  and  Great 
Eastern  railroad. 

March  31 — Laws  enacted  during  this 
onth  :  1 — Increasing  salary  of  Sunerin- 
ndent  of  Public  Instruction  from  |2,000 

$3,000 1 1 — Appropriating  to  Blind 

Asylum  $10,000,  for  heating  and  gas  ap- 
paratus, etc 19 — Narrow-gauge  rail- 
ads  to  be  assessed  for  taxation  at  $10,- 

0  per  mile 19— To  redeem  the  un- 

,id  balance  of  the  state  debt,  $691,394, 
mmissioners  of  sinking  fund  authorized 
purchase  enough  U.  S.  5-20  gold  inter- 

t  bonds 22— Geological  and  miner- 

alogical  survey  of  the  state  provided  for, 

d    $10,000  to   pay    expenses 22— 

County  courts  of  Scott  and  Franklin,  upon 
application,  may    order   persons    to  keep 

k  off  of  public  roads 3— Central 

versify     incorporated 11 — Chat- 

taroi  R.  R.  Co.  incorporated,  to  build  road 
from  near  mouth  of  Big  Sandy  to  a  point 
Lawrence  co 19 — Town  of  Ash- 
land empowered  to  establish  apublicpark. 
April  1 — Annual  meeting  of  the  State 
Medical  Society  of  Ky.,  at  Paducah.  The 
annual  address  by  the  president.  Dr.  Lewis 
Rogers,  on  the  medical  history  of  the  state, 
was  very  able  and  interesting.  Over  500 
physicians  in  attendance. 

April  2 — Death  at  Louisville,  aged  53, 
of  Judge  John  E.  Newman  ;  born  in  Spen- 
cer CO.,  Nov.  19,  1819;  practiced  law  at 
Smithland,  until  1850,  and  was  common- 
wealth's attorney,  and  county  judge  ;  then 
at  Bardstown  :  was  elected  circuit  judge 
for  6  years,  1862-68,  and  during  this  time 
was  tendered  a  seat  on  the  court  of  appeals 
bench,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  but  declined  ;  re- 
moved to  Louisville  in  1868,  and  contin- 
ued the  practice  ;  was  author  of  a  valuable 
work  on  pleading  and  practice,  published 
in  1871,  and  compiled  a  digest  which  is 
yet  unpublished. 

April  2—10,000  acres  of  coal  and  iron 
ore  lands,  in  Carter  co.,  12  miles  from 
Grayson,  purchased  by  iron  companies  in 
Ohio,  which  contract  for  the  extension  of 
the  East  Ky.  R.  R.  to  the  land. 

April  4— Total  amount  of  contributions 

to  the  sufferers  by  the  Lawreneeburg  fire 

received  and  acknowledged  up  to  April  2, 

$2,858  in  cash,  and  $200  in  clothing  and 

other  useful  articles  by  Frankfort  ladies. 

April  7— A   party    of   men    visited   the 

house  of  Geo.  Elkin,  a  negro,  in  Clark  co., 

.  punish  him  in  some  way  it  is  supposed. 

e  suspected  it,  and  was  absent.     They 

hipped  his    wife   to    make    her   tell   his 

hereabouts,  but  she  refused.    The  negroes 

wore  out  warrants  against  6  or  7  white 


1873. 


ANNALS   OF    KENTUCKY. 


men,  who  were  tried  befure  a  U.  S.  com- 
missioner and  cleared.  The  KuKlux  out- 
rage was  probably  committed  by  other  ne- 
groes, 10  whom  Elkin  had  made  himself 
obnoxious. 

April  S — A  band  of  disguised  men  vis- 
ited the  house  of  a  Mr.  Zimmerman,  near 
Middleburg,  Casey  eo.,  and  Bogged  him  in 
presence  of  his  family.  Some  of  them 
were  recognized  and  steps  taken  for  their 
arrest  and  trial. 

April  10— At  Louisville,  305,000  hogs 
were  packed  during  the  last  winter  season, 
and  over  400,000  pieces  of  green  meat  have 
been  bought  up  in  other  markets,  for 
"  fancv  ham  "  curing;  13  firms  have  cured 
998,814  hams,  of  which  about  15,000  were 
dry  cured,  and  the  rest  sweet  pickle, 

April  10— Chancellor  Jos.  Doniphan  de- 
cides, in  the  case  of  the  city  of  Newport 
«M.  Louisville,  Cincinnati  and  Lexington 
R.  R.  Co.,  that  the.road  is  not  liable  for 
county  or  city  taxes.  It  is  an  entirety — 
comprehending  the  iron  rail,  fixtures,  de- 
pot grounds,  buildings,  and  rolling  stock, 

nue,  but  is  not  a  fit  subject  for  local  taxa- 
tion by  the  separate  counties  through  which 
it  passes.     Appeal  taken. 

April  10— Dr.  John  W.  Whitney  resigns 
as  superintendent  of  the  Eastern  (or  First) 
Lunatic  Asylum,  at  Lexington;  Dr.  Wm. 
S,  Chipley  is  appointed  by  Gov.  Leslie  the 
superintendent,  but  declines. 

April  10— A  petition  to  the  city  council 
of  Covington,  asking  the  repeal  of  all  li- 
cense laws,  shows  that  the  receipts  from 
licenses  and  fines  in  that  city  in  1872  were 
$11,693;  and  the  expenditures  for  jail, 
paupers,  prisoners,  law,  police,  arrests,  and 
widows'  and  orphans'  home,  were  $26,433 
— or  a  clear  money  loss  of  nearly  $15,000, 
without  including  Covington's  portion  of 
the  expense  of  maintaining  the  criminal 


April  10— Lii 


se  to  saloons  for  retail- 
ing liquor  costs  as  follows  :  In  Hopkins- 
ville  $250,  in  Bowling  Green  $225,  in 
Greenville  and  Henderson  each  $200,  in 
Covington  only  $75. 

April  11— Brig.  Gen.  Edward  R.  S. 
Canby,  U.  S.  A.,  commanding  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Columbia,  murdered  by  Cap- 
tain Jack,chief  of  the  Modoc  Indians,  while 
mediating  for  their  removal  from  their 
rocky  fastness  on  the  northern  border  of 
California  to  a  government  reservation. 
Gen.  C.  was  a  native  of  Mason  Co.,  Ky., 
born  about  1819;  graduated  at  West 
Point  in  1839;  served  with  distinction  in 
the  Florida  and  Mexican  wars  ;  and  during 
the  late  war,  by  gallantry  and  fidelity, 
won  his  way  through  all  grades  to  major 
general  of  volunteers  and  brigadier  gen- 
eral of  the  regular  army.  The  peace  con- 
ference was  being  held  a  mile  outside  of 
the  railit.ary  lines,  at  the  s.  side  of  Tule 
lake.  Gen.  C.  was  one  of  the  ablest  and 
trustiest  otficers  in  the  U.  S.  army. 

April  12— Henry  Clay's  birth-day  cele- 
brated at  Lexington  by  the  societies  and 
students  of  Ky.  University. 


April  13— Death  at  Paris,  Mo.,  of  Luther 
M.  KennettjOf  St.  Louis  ;  a  native  of  Ky., 
removed  to  Mo.  in  1825,  representative  in 
U.  S.  congress,  1855--57,  and  three  times 

April  14 — Edward  L.  Davison,  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  sells  34  head  of  Durham  calves 
(29  bulls,  5  heifers),  to  be  sent  to  Montana 
Territory. 

April  14 — 20,000  tons  of  Lyon  co.  iron 
ore  sold  to  parties  at  Brazil,  Indiana — to 
be  shipped  by  rail,  via  Louisville. 

April  14— Death  in  Nelson  co.,  aged  65, 
of  Judge  Felix  Grundy  Murphy ;  born 
near  Fairfield,  Nelson  co.,  July  14,  1807; 
representative  in  the  legislature,  1861-63  ; 
presiding  judge  of  the  Nelson  co.  court, 
1866-70,  and  again  1870-74,  but  died  dur- 

April  14 — Attempted  rape  on  a  young 
white  girl,  aged  15,  near  Minerva,  Mason 
CO.,  by  a  negro  man  aged  50,  with  grown 
children;  her  resistance  and  outcries 
frightened  him,  and  he  left  without  ac- 
complishing his  purpose,  first  threatening 
to  kill  her  if  she  informed  on  him  ;  she 
was  seized  with  hysterics,  and  cried  all 
night,  unable  to  tell ;  but  next  day  told  ; 
when  her  brother,  a  young  man  of  18, 
followed  by  the  father,  seized  his  gun, 
hunted  up  the  negro,  and  killed  him  in- 
stantly ;  then  surrendered  himself,  was 
tried  the  same  afternoon,  and  discharged 
by  the  magistrates ;  the  whole  commu- 
nity justified  the  act. 

April  15 — The  house  of  representatives, 
by  47  to  17,  adopt  strong  resolutions  of 

act  of  congress  and  the  president,  increas- 
ing their  salaries,  and  voting  $5,000  of 
back  pay  "  for  which  they  have  rendered 
no  services."  The  senate,  April  23,  unan- 
imously passed  resolutions  disapproving 
of  said  action,  "so  far  as  it  is  retroac- 
tive," etc. 

April  16— Light  fall  of  snow,  and,  17th, 
so  cold  that  winter  wrappings  were  neces- 
sary. M.iy  14,  1848,  there  was  a  consid- 
erable snow  in  northern  Ky.  July  4, 
1859,  was  so  cold  and  inclement  that  pic- 
nic parties  were  compelled  to  return  home 
for  heavy  wrappings. 

April  18— Prof.  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  M. 
D.,  appointed  by  President  Grant  a  com- 
missioner to  the  great  world's  Exposition 
at  Vienna,  Austria — one  of  seven  scientific 
gentlemen  selected. 

April  19— Tax  on  dogs  over  6  mo.  old, 
imposed  by  local  law  in  Bracken  co.  :  if 
one  dog  $2,  if  two  $3,  if  three  $4,  if  four  or 
over  $4  each,  female  dog  $3,  but  house- 
keepers may  keep  one  dog  free  of  tax. 

April  19 — The  Louisville  Courier-Journal 
denounces  the  "  free  pass  '"  system  on  rail- 
roads as  demoralizing  and  corrupting  ;  and 
announces  that  neither  editors,  stockhold- 
ers, or  employes  of  that  office  apply  for 
or  accept  free  rides. 

April  20— A  few  granges  of  the  new  or- 
der. Patrons  of  Husbandry,  have  been  or- 
ganized in  Fulton  and  other  extreme  west- 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1873. 


1  20— In  the  Woodford  circuit  court, 
arper-murder  case  has  been  closely 


April  21— Gov.  Leslie  vetoes  a  bill  in 
reference  to  selling  or  giving  liquors  to 
minors  in  the  city  of  Covington— because 
it  modifies  and  lessens  the  scope  and  force, 
the  prohibitions  and  penalties,  of  the  gen- 
eral law.  "  The  state  has  quite  as  much 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  youth  of  Cov- 
ington as  of  any  other  city  and  county 
within  its  terrilory,  and  owes  to  theiu  an 
equal  duty  of  protection."  The  house  o 
representatives  sustained  the  veto  by- 
vote  of  49  to  10. 

April  21— Celebration  at  the  Louisvil 
Exposition  hall,  by  the  colored  people,  c 
theanniversary  of  theXVth  Amendment  I 
the  U.  S.  constitution:  "Sec.  1.  Th 
right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to 
vote  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the 
United  States  or  by  any  State  on  account 
of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  serv- 
itude." This  was  ratified  March  30,  1870  ; 
but  the  celebration  was  postponed  to  this 
day,  to  secure  the  attendance  of  Frederick 
Douglass,  the  distinguished  colored  orator. 
The  procession  was  large  and  imposing. 
Mr.  Douglass  spoke  in  the  afternoon,  and 
again  at  night,  to  a  very  large  audience 
of  colored  people,  and  among  them  a 
goodly  number  of  prominent  white  citi- 
zens. 

April  21— Fire  at  Owingsville,  Bath  co. ; 
10  stores,  ofiices,  and  stables  burned ; 
News  printing  ofiice  burned  ;  loss  §22,000, 
■with  only  $S00  insurance. 

April  22— Three  of  the  defeated  Repub- 
lican candidates  for  councilmen  in  Lex- 
ington, at  the  recent  January  election, 
serve  writs  upon  their  Democratic  oppo- 
nents requiring  them  to  show  cause,  at 
the  ensuing  May  term  of  the  Federal  court 
at  Covington,  why  they  may  not  be  en- 
joined against  holding  the  offices  of  coun- 
cilmen. 

April  22— New  revision  of  statutes,  en- 
titled '*  General  Statutes,"  adopted,  to 
take  efi'ect  Dee.  1,  1873  ;  the  state  to  fur- 
nish the  paper  for  4,000  copies,  the  public 
printer  to  print  same  in  one  volume 
for  not  over  $1  each,  and  public  binder 
to  bind  same  for  not  over  60  cents 
each,  by  Sept.  1,  1873.  Edward  I.  Bul- 
lock, of  Hickman  Co.,  and  Wm.  Johnson, 
of  Nelson  co.,  appointed  to  edit  and  super- 
intend their  publication. 

April  23  to  26— Italian  opera  in  Louis- 
ville, with  Clara  Louise  Kellogg,  the  fa- 
vorite American  prima  donna,  and  Pauline 
Lucca,  the  great  Italian  tragedienne ; 
crowded  houses. 

April  24— Made  unlawful  to  manufac- 
ture, or  store  (unless  congealed),  nitro-gly- 
cerine  within  one  mile  of  any  city,  town, 
or  dwelling  in  Mason  co.,  under  penalty  of 
$1,000  to  $3,000  fine;  owners  to  be  respon- 
sible for  damages  by  explosion  ;  and  if 
death  result,  to  be  guilty  of  manslangh- 


April  24— During  this  session  of  the 
legislature.  Gov.  Leslie  has  vetoed  3  bills 
which  originated  in  the  senate,  and  10 
which  originated  in  the  house.  Every  veto 
was  sustained — several  of  them  unani- 
mously, one  by  a  tie  vote,  and  the  others 
by  very  large  majorities. 

April  24 — New  alms-house  at  Louisville 
awarded  to  contractors  ;    to  cost  $149,908. 

April  24 — Adjournment  of  legislature. 
The  house  passed  934  bills  originating  in 
that  body,  besides  all  from  the  senate  ex- 
cept 71.  The  senate  disposed  of  all  froni 
the  house  except  2  local  bills,  which  were 
purposely  left  in  the  orders  of  the  day  to 
prevent  their  rejection ;  14  senate  bills 
were  also  left  in  the  orders  of  the  day. 

Only  84  of  the  acts  were  "public,"  be- 
sides the  25  "  resolutions  ;  "  and  1035  were 
"  local  and  private  acts."  Thus,  90)^ 
per  cent,  in  number  of  the  laws  actually 
enacted  were  local  and  private,  and  only 
9)4  per  cent,  public /while  of  the  pages 
occupied  in  printing  the  same,  93  per 
cent.  (1214)  were  taken  up  with  the  for- 

the  latte 

provement  and  economy  here. 

April  25 — The  court  of  appeals  unani- 
mously reverses  the  case  of  the  Covington 
and  Lexington  R.  R.  Co.  vs.  Bowler's 
Heirs,  from  Kenton  co.,  involving  the 
ownership  and  possession  of  the  Kentucky 
Central  Railroad,  100  miles  long,  from  Cov- 
ington to  Lexington  ;  and  determines  that 
K.  B.  Bowler's  purchase  of  the  road  under 
the  decretal  sale  of  Fayette  circuit  court, 
in  1859,  shall  inure  to  the  benefit  of  the 
stockholders,  after  placing  Bowler's  estate 
in  statu  quo.  The  old  Co.  is  to  be  restored 
to  the  control  and  management  of  the 
road — after  accounting  to  Bowler's  heirs 
and  assignees  for  the  moneys  expen-ded  by 
them  in  satisfaction  of  the  Fayette  court 
judgment  and  for  repairs  and  improve- 
ments on  the  road  :  and  is  to  have  an  ac- 
count for  profits  realized  from  the  operation 
of  the  road  and  otherwise  to  comply  with  the 
terms  of  the  Fayette  judgment.  The  action 
is  not  for  the  recovery  of  real  property,  nor 
for  relief  on  the  ground  of  fraud  ;  but  to  de- 
clare and  enforce  an  implied  or  constructive 
trust.    The  cause  of  action  arose  when  Bow- 


Fisk,  and  others  ;  and  for  Bowler's  Heirs, 
etc.,  by  Madison  C.  Johnson,  Mortimer 
M.  Benton,  Harvey  Myers,  and  Geo.  R. 
McKee.  George  H.  Pendleton  also  rep- 
resented the  Heirs,  but  did  not  argue, 

April  26 — Eight  years  ago,  to-day.  Gen. 
Jos.  E.  Johnston  surrendered  the  Army  of 
the  \Yest,  of  the  Confederate  States,  to 
Maj.  Gen.  Wm.  T.Sherman,  U.S.  A.,  near 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 

April  26 — The  s.  K.  corner  of  Scott  and 
Third  streets,  Covington,  selected  as  the 
site  of  the  new  post  office  and  U.  S.  court 
IS,  for  which  congress  anpropriatcd- 
$130,000. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


246c 


April  26— At  Fienohburg,  Menifee  co., 
a  desper;i<lo,  Marli  Coldiron,  Isilled  in  self 
defense  by  Judge  B.  F.  Day  and  his 
brother  Wn),  Day, 

April  28 — At  Harrodsburg,  a  mob,  of 
30  or  40  negroes,  disguised,  took  from  the 
jail  Bob  Curd,  a  yellow  boy,  then  serving 
out  a  term  of  two  years'  confinement  for 
rape  on  a  colored  girl,  and  hung  him — for 
the  crime  of  rape,  April  25,  on  another  col- 
ored girl  only  12  or  13  years  old. 

April  29— Meeting  at  Louisville  of  27 
corporators  of  the  Alumni  Association  of 
Central  University,  representing  $34,600 
of  subscriptions.  The  charter  was  accepted 
by  a  unanimous  vote  ;  a  permanent  organ- 
ization effected,  with  Col.  Wm.  C.  P.  Breck- 
inridge as  chairman,  Rev.  James  V.  Logan 
secretary,  and  Bennet  H.  Young  treas- 
urer. Bids  for  location  were  read  from 
Anchorage,  Danville,  and  Richmond;  an 
abstract  of  the  bids  ordered  to  be  published, 
and  an  adjourned  meeting  to  determine 
the  location  (at  which  members  are  author- 
ized to  vote  by  proxy)  ordered  at  Lexing- 


to  vote  by  prox; 
May  13,  1873. 


ton, 

April  30 — Laws  enacted  during  th 
month:  9— Unlawful  to  use  violence  to 
prevent,  control,  or  intimidate  any  one, 
from  or  in  voting  ;  penalty,  fine  and  im- 
prisonment  9 — Private  secretary  pro- 
vided for  the  governor,  with  $1,200  salary 

11 — Unlawful  for  clerks  of  courts  to 

practice  law  in  partnership U — Severe 

penalties  against  sending  threatening  no- 
tice or  letter,  banding  together  to  intimi- 
date or  alarm  persons  or  do  any  felonious 
acts,  or  to   go  forth    armed    or   disguised 

[and  all  acts  of  "  Ku-Klux  "] II— 

Wages  of  married  women  for  their  Ijtbor  to 
he  free  from  debts  and  control  of  hus- 
band, and  may  be  paid  to  them 16 — 

County  and  corporation  bonds  may  be  reg- 
istered, and  how 19— If  no  other  bid- 
ders for  property  sold  to  pay  taxes,  col- 
lector to  bid  for  the  state  the  amount  of 
debt  and  costs 18 — No  person  al- 
lowed to  obtain,  in  any  one  year,  more 
than  one  order  of  court  to  enter  and  sur- 

21— Charitable  institutions  of  the  state  re- 
organized and  names  changed 23 — 

Principal  officers  of  railroads,  also  depot 
agents,  exempted  from  serving  on  juries 

24— Remains  of  Gen.  Gary  H.  Fry, 

Col.  Theodore  O'Hara,  and  Adjutant  Geo. 
N.  Cardwell  to  be  brought  from  distant 
States,  and  buried  in  State  military  lot  at 
Frankfort,  and  graves  marked  with  appro- 
April  — Large  fire  at  Caverna  (formerly 
called  Horse  Cave),  Hart  oo. ;  aever.al  stores 
with  large  stocks,  burned;  loss  over  $60,000. 
May  1— Democratic  state  convention  at 
Frankfort,  Judge  Geo.  G.  Perkins,  of  Cov- 
ington, temporary  and  permanent  presi- 
dent;  52  counties  represented ;  James  W. 
Tate,  the  present  state  treasurer,  nomina- 
ted for  re-election  by  acclamation  ;  plat- 
form resolutions  discussed  and  adopted. 

May   1— Death    in    Estill   co.    of   Peter 
Shenfessal,  110  years  old. 


May  2 — Death  at  Augusta,  Bracnen  co., 
suddenly,  of  Joseph  Doniphan,  chancellor 
of  the  Covington  district,  aged  49.  Judge 
D.  was  a  native  of  Augusta,  practiced 
law  from  early  manhood,  was  county  judge 
of  Bracken  co.  for  nearly  8  years,  repre- 
sentative in  the  legislature  in  1849,  circuit 
judge  for  6  years,  1862-68,  and  chancellor 
from  1871  until  his  death.  He  was  an  up- 
right judge,  and  a  Christian  gentleman. 

May  6 — Kentucky  State  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society  organized,  at  Louisville, 

May  8 — The  superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  in  a  communication  to  the 
Louisville  Courier-Juurnal,  explains  the 
present  unfortunate  delay  in  the  payment 
of  a  portion  of  the  teachers  :  The  law  al- 
lows the  sheriffs  until  April  I  topay  therov- 


i  the  I 


I  the  i 


laws  fix  Jan.  10  as  the  day  for  paying  out 
to  the  teachers.  Thus,  it  is  not  collected 
in  tiiue.  By  this  lack  of  harmony  in  the 
dates  of  payment,  the  legislature  caused 
the  difficulty  ;  but  has  recently,  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  the  superintendent,  so  changed 
the  day  of  payment  by  the  sheriffs  as  prob- 
ably to  prevent  its  recurrence.  Those  who 
blame  the  auditor  and  treasurer  for  the  de- 
lay, do  them  injustice  ;  they  pay  the 
school  orders  as  fast  as  the  school  fund 
reaches  the  treasury. 

May  10 — Southern  Baptist  Convention 
at  Mobile  resolves  to  remove  from  Green- 
ville, S,  C,  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  their  South- 
ern Theological  Seminary,  whenever  Ky. 
raises  $300,000  and  other  Southern  States 
$200,000  more  for  its  endowment. 

May  10 — Lafayette  Mosher,  formerly 
of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  appointed  an  associ- 
ate justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Oregon, 

May  12 — Robert  Atwood,  in  the  circuit 
court  at  Louisville,  pleads  guilty  to  8  in- 
dictments for  forgery  and  2  for  embezzle- 
ment. In  each  case  his  term  of  confine- 
ment in  the  penitentiary  fixed  at  the  least 
limit  of  the  law,  2  years,  or  20  years  in 
all.     The   other  indictments  against  him 

May  13— Adjourned  meeting  of  the 
Alumni  Association  of  Central  University, 
at  Lexington,  In  the  bids  for  the  loca- 
tion, Anchorage  (including  Louisville)  of- 
fered $42,000  in  land  and  $20,000  in  money 
exclusive  of  $38,000  already  subscribed  to 
the  endowment  fund.  Danville  offered 
$44,430  in  cash,  $5,570  in  Agricultural  As- 
ition  stock,  and  $30,000  in  real  estate 
(or  its  equivalent  in  cash  if  desired) ;  this 
included  her  $14,500  of  the  endowment 
fund.  Richmond  offered  $75,000  in  cash, 
besides  her  $10,000  to  the  endowment 
fund.  On  the  first  call  of  the  roll,  Dan- 
ville received  231,  Richmond  176,  and 
Anchorage  136  votes.  Richmond  was  with- 
drawn, and  the  2d  vote  resulted  ;  An- 
chorage 342,  Danville  217  ;  and  on  motion 
of  Rev.  Wm,  F.  Junkin,  Anchorage  was 
declared  the  unanimous  choice  of  the  As- 

May  15 — An  immigration  pamphlet  is- 
sued by  citizens  of  Louisville,  entitled 
"  Kentucky  and  Louisville,  the  material 


24Gd 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1873. 


interests  of  the  State  nnd  City."  The  first 
fifty  pages,  prepared  by  Gen.  Basil  W. 
Buice,  is  deputed  to  the  geography,  indus- 
tries, mineral  and  agricultural  resources, 
population,  educational  system,  finances, 
etc.,  of  Kentuclty.  From  J.  B.  Maynard's 
article  on  the  city  of  Louisville,  her  man- 
ufacturing and  other  advantages,  we  ar- 
range the  following  summary  of  her  man- 
ufactures : 


Material.         Factori«3,  invested.      Product. 

Metal" fil      S5,S24,400    JH,479,.W0 

■Wooil 1'  .-,        3,922,800        9,6S0,9OO 

i'   '  ::l  2,822.000  5,503,000 

Toxtil-'  II  1,182,000  2,655,I»I0 

LeKtli-i 1(1  1,274,000  2,895,1100 

Paper 12  750,000  1,598,000 

tion 225        3,723,000      22,208,066 

557  819,498,200  $55,919,466 
Hands  employed...l5,957.    Total  wagee..,58,168,200 

Other  chapters,  on  railroads,  coal  fields, 
water-power  at  the  falls,  etc.,  add  to  the 
practical  value  of  the  work.  It  should  be 
circulated  abroad  by  the  thousands. 

During  the  year  1872,  the  importa- 
tions from  foreign  countries  made  through 
the  Louisville  custom-house  amounted  to 
$288,940,  on  which  the  tariff  or  duty  paid 
was  $109,062.  Embraced  among  these  ar- 
ticles of  importation  were  :  Steel  railroad 
bars,  marble  in  blocks,  manufactured  mar- 

factured  iron  and  steel,  hardware,  books 
and  stationery,  machinery,  candle  molds, 
fancy  soaps,  perfumery  and  extracts, 
earthenware,  cigars,  human  hair,  brandy, 
oordial,  wine,  and  gin,  caustic  soda,  coifee, 
and  many  others. 

May  18— The  National  Grange,  at 
Washington  city,  appoints  W.  H.  Rhea, 
of  Russellville,  Logan  co.,  to  establish  in 
Ky.  subordinate  granges  of  "  The  Patrons 
of  Husbandry." 

May  19— First  installment  of  5,000  U. 
S.  postal  cards  (price  one  cent  each)  re- 
ceived at  the  Louisville  P.  0.     All  sold  in 

May  20— Branch  of  the  Commercial 
Bank  of  Kentucky  at  Louisville  will  be 
closed  on  June  30;  the  Manufacturer's 
Bank,  and,  it  is  rumored,  sever.al  other 
banks   are    winding  up    their  business  to 

May  21 — Over  130,000  pounds  ($60,000 
worth)  of  hemp  destroyed  by  fire,  in  the 
fire-proof  hemp  house  of  Wm.  Hughes,  6 
miles  from  Lexington  ;  the  "work  of  an 
incendiary,  who  broke  open  the  door,  and 
set   fire  inside. 

May  21— Fifth  annual  convention  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  at 
Louisville  ;  some  of  the  most  distinguished 
engineers  in  the  country  present. 

May  23— Gen.  John  Echols,  of  Va.,  re- 
signs the  presidency  of  the  Louisville, 
Cincinnati  and  Lexington  R.  R.  Co.,  and 
is  succeeded  by  J.  B.  Wilder,  of  Louis- 
ville. 

May  23 — Gov.  Leslie  appoints  as  state 
geologist  of  Kentucky,  under  the  law  of 


last  winter.  Prof.  N.  S.  Shaler,  of  Harvard 
Univer.'iity,  now  absent  in  Europe.  Prof, 
S.  is  a  native,  and  until  recently  a  resident, 
of  Newport,  Ky. 

May  24 — Graves  of  the  confederate  dead 
in  Cave  Hill  cemetery,  at  Louisville,  dec- 
orated. 

May  24 — Some  persons  searching  for 
silver  at  the  Higginbotham  place,  in  Pu- 
laski CO.,  after  digging  8  feet,  and  remov- 
ing a  large  rock,  found  two  pots  or  exca- 
vations in  the  solid  rock  in  the  shape  of  a 
kettle,  connected  by  a  trench  at  the  top, 
and  at  the  bottom  by  a  hole  drilled  or  chis- 
eled from  one  to  the  other.  Behind  these, 
towards  the  hill,  was  a  large  rock  contain- 
ing some  metallic  substance,  pieces  of 
which  had  evidently  been  broken  off  and 
smelted  in  the  pots.  Cinders  were  also 
found. 

May  25— Tolls  and  dividends  of  the 
Covington  and  Newport  wire  suspension 
bridge  : 

Tears.  Tolh.  Dividends. 

ISfi? 814,345.19       ;  2,250 

ISfi'.l 15.657.56  6,750 

1»70 15,928.tiO  9,000 

1871 20,910.12        12,000 

i873!""::::":;!:::z;zzz!' 2i;ooo:oo    iir25o 

?110.7OS.69  ?57.750 
May  25— Charles  Herbst— himself  a 
Confederate  soldier,  of  Capt.  Aston  Ma- 
deira's Co.,  from  Covington,  Ky.,  now  a 
citizen  of  Atlanta,  Ga. — sends  for  publica- 
tion the  following  list  of  Confederate  sol- 
diers from  Ky.  who  were  buried  in  Geor- 
gia during  the  war.  He  visited  the  grave's 
in  person,  and  placed  good  head-loorrfs  to 
all  but  the  few  graves  already  marked  :  of 
the  latter  six  had  neat  marble  slabs.  The 
publication  may  enable  some  to  recover 
their  dead,  or  to  more  permanently  mark 
their  graves. 

AT    CBICKAMAUGA    BATTLE-FIELD,  GA. 

At    Breckinridge's    Division     Hospital, 
6J.^  miles  from  Ringgold: 
9th  inf...N.  Boarde,  co.  H. 

"     ...Jos.  Kingberg,  co.  H. 

"     ...N.  Stovall,  CO.  H. 

"     ...E.  Townsend,  co.  H. 

"     ...John  McMahon,  co.  F. 

"     ...John  L.  Dunn,  co.  G. 
2d   inf.. .James  Dailey,  co.  E. 

"     ...Oscar  Hackley,  CO.  G. 

"     ...Wm.  T.  Richardson,  co.  H. 

"     ...Capt.  Gus.  Dedman,  co.  I. 
4th  inf...Joseph  Steele,  co.  D. 

"     ...H.  Thompson,  co.  F. 

"     ...D.  M.  Bryant,  co.  F. 

"     ...R.  King,  CO.  H. 
6th  inf...S.  Walah,  eo.  I. 

"     ...John  L.  Henton,  co.  B. 

(at  Ed.  Fowler's.) 

Near  Mr.  Kelley's,  2  miles  from  above: 
2d   inf...Ensign  Robert  A.  Anderson. 

"     ...Sergeant  J.  W.  Munford. 

"     ...W.  Jones. 

"     ...EliasGray. 

"     ...J.  Steele. 

"     ...W.H.  Skinner. 

"     ...C.  Fritz,  CO.  F. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


246e 


2d   inf...R ,  CO.  G. 

"     ...Robert  Moore,  co.  H. 

G.  Hurley,  Cobb's  Ky.  battery. 
A  little  nearer  the  breastworks,  ia  : 

J.  C.  Cariaack,  co.  B.,  5th  inf. 
Within  140  v.-irds  is  a  pit,  containing  3  or 

4  Kentuckians. 
Near  the  old  steam  saw  mill : 

Lieut.  John  Bell,  co.  C,  4th  inf. 
One  mile  from  saw  mill,  in  the  woods  : 

Sergeant  W.  Allen,  co.  D.,  9th  inf. 
At  Spill  Dyer's  house  : 

J.  Woolley,  CO.  I.,  4th  inf. 
At    Cheatham  Hospital,  Mr.  Eowden's,  4 

or  5  miles  from  above  : 

Capt.  H.  B.  Rogers,  2d  inf. 
At  Mr.  Snodgrass',  probably  IX  miles  from 

grave  of  Ensign  R.  A.  Anderson  above, 

are  the  following,  of  5th  infantry  : 

H.  T.  E 

Lieut.  G.  R.  Yates. 

J.  R . 

D.  H.  T ,  CO.  I. 

G.  M ,  CO.  D. 

W.  M.  S ,  00.  K. 

I.  F ,  CO.  B. 

John  Stamper,  co.  G. 

Leander  Ellis,  5th  sergeant. 

AT  citizens'  cemetery,  RINGGOLD,  GA. 

Maj.  R.  E.  Graves,  chief  Breckinridge's 

artillery. 
B.  S.  Hamilton,  co.  D.,  9th  inf. 
— .  Woodson,  CO.  K.  " 

At  Confederate  graveyard,  1  mile  distant: 
J.  Fooley,  oo.  K.,  9th  inf. 

At   Rev.    Mr.    Loughridge's,  3  miles  dis- 
tant: 
Lieut.  M.  Lee  Houk,  co.  I.,  9th  cav. 

AT    CHEROKEE    SPRINGS,  GA. 

— .  W.  Haynes,  co.  E.,  —  reg. 

AT    EBENEZER    CHURCH,    GA. 

Isaac  H,  Beam,  1st  eav. 

AT    CATOOSA  SPRINGS,  GA. 

Jos.  M.  Barnett,  Cobb's  Ky.  battery. 
Jos.  Wells,  CO.  E.,  2d  inf. 

AT    DALTON,  GA.,  AND    VICINITY 

»thinf...Thos.  J.  Lee. 

"     ...Geo.  Harper,  co.  A. 

"     ...Jos.  H.  Erwin,  co.  H. 

"     ...Robt.  S.  Dobyns,  CO.  G. 
6th  iuf...Thos.  Withers,  co.  H. 

"     ...J.  R.  Gordon,  co.  I. 
R.  P.  Sanford,  co.  G.,  4th  inf. 

A.  J.  Martin,  Graves'  battery. 

Hiram  Copeland,  co.  H.,  Morgan's  cav. 
At  confederate  graveyard,  Dalton  : 
W.  J.  Parker,  co.  C,  1st  cav. 
Llewellyn  Fuller,  co.  D.,  1st  cav. 

B.  F.  Kendall,  co.  F.,  1st  cav. 
Thos.  Nunn,  co.  C,  2d  cav. 

L.  P.  Hall,  CO.  E.,  3d  cav. 

Wallace    Redmon,    co.  B.,  26th  mount. 

John     Williams,   eo.    D.,    26th    mount, 
rifles. 

Martin  Rafter,  Cobb's  battery. 

Joseph  H.  Page,  co.  A.,  9th  inf. 

W.  T.  McCormiok,  co.  I.,  9th  inf. 
At   Ed.  Fralack's: 

W.  F.  Hopkins,  9th  inf. 
At  Mrs.  Wilson's  : 

— .  Mitchell,  Lewis'  brigade. 


On  top  of  "  Rocky  Face  Ridge:" 
George  Disney,  4th  inf. 

AT    citizens'     CEMETERY,    MARIETTA,    QA. 

Col.  Jas.  W.  Moss,  2d  inf.,  Columbus, 

Kentucky. 
Henry  Crowe,  co.  B.,  1st  cav. 
G.  B.  Partridge,  co.  K.,  4th  inf. 
T.  H.  Covington,  co.  D.       " 
Capt.  John  Calvert,  co.  E.,  5th  inf. 
W.  Ackerraan,  co.  A.  " 

Wm.  H.  H.-irrington,  co.  I.     " 
L.  Gross,  CO.  B.,  6th  inf. 
Deriah  Prather,  co.  G.,  8th  inf. 
James  Barlow,  co.  G.,  9th  cav. 
Capt.  T.  John  Scott,  co.  E.,  8th  inf. 
Dr.  W.  H.  Miller,  Louisville,  Ky. 
H.  Clay  McKay,  Lewis'  staff. 

AT  MACON,  GA. 

P.  H.  E(,lwards,  co.  B.,  2d  cav. 
Jno.  M.  Wilkerson,  co.  A.,  4th  cav. 
James  Collier,  co.  F.,  5th  cav. 
W.  H.  Hayden,  CO.  G.,  5th  cav. 
G.  F.  Gibson,  co.  D.,  6th  cav. 
John  Meeks,  co. — .,  9th  cav. 
M.  Reese,  co.  D.,  9th  cav. 

AT     DALLAS,    GA. 

At  the  Methodist  church  : 

G.  W.  Larkin,  co.  D.,  2d  inf. 

J.  L.  Street,  co.  I.,  2d  inf. 

Capt.  D.  E..  McKendree,  6th  inf. 

George  Stone,  co.  A.,  6th  inf. 

Wm.  Moxley,  co.  A.,  6th  inf. 

Lieut.  E.  Freeman,  co.  B.,  6th  in. , 

S.  A.  Southern,  co.  E.,  6th  inf. 

J.  Geigher,  6th  inf. 
At  P.  M.  Carter's:  J.  Lyon,  1st  Ky.  bat 

On  the  battlefield  at  Dallas  : 
V.  F.  Fisher,  co.  C,  2d  inf. 
A.  L.  Kaufman,  co.  C,  2d  inf. 
W.  Dave  Raymond,  co.  C,  2d  inf. 

G.  B.  B ,  CO.  H,,  4th  inf. 

W.  C.  Fletcher,  co.  K.,  4th  inf. 

— .  Gileress,  co.  C,  4th  inf. 

L.  A.  L.  Wallace,  co.  C,  4th  inf. 

Lieut.  C.  A.  Srovie,  co.  I.,  4th  inf. 

Lieut.  H.  M.  Watts,  co.  K.,  4th  inf. 

W.  Zion,  CO.  B.,  5th  inf. 

James  Perry,  «o.  C,  6th  inf. 

S.  Boarders,  co.  I.  " 

V.  M.  Wells,  CO.  A.,  6th  inf. 
C.  H.  Dawson,  oo.  A.       " 
Joseph  Morton,  co.  I.    " 
J.  J.  Morton,  co.  I.        " 
R.  H.  Young,  ( 


..  D. 


known,  Lewis'  bri- 
gade infantry. 
At  Lewis'  brigade  graveyard,  3  miles  from 
Dallas: 

Frank  S.  Laws,  co.  K.,  2d  inf. 
James  N.  Mason,  co.  ill.,  2d  inf. 
Wallace  Western,  co.  D.,  2d  inf 
James  Cochran,  co.  B.,  6th  inf. 
G.  Smith,  sergeant,  CO.  H.,  5th  inf. 
W.  W.  Chambers,  CO.  K.,  9th  inf. 
One  unknown,  Ky.  inf. 

AT  JONEBBOKO,GA.,  and  VICINITY. 

Robert  H.  Lindsey,  ensign,  4th  inf. 
R.  W.  Bowling,  co.  F.,  4th  inf. 
George  Bosh,  co.  H.,  4th  inf. 
One  unknown,  eo.  A.   4th  inf. 


246/ 


ANNALS  OF  KENTUCKY. 


S.  Thomaj,  co.  E.,  5th  inf. 

C.  AV.  Cochran,  (or  Corhorn,)  5th  inf. 
J.  P.  Keith,  CO.  D.,  9th  inf. 

AT  NEWMAN,  GA. 

Charlie  E.  Hall,  co.  p.,  2d  inf. 
L.  H.  Halbert,  co.  G.,  2d  cav. 
J.  H.  Walton,  co  H.  " 

Edward  Watt,  co.  A.,  4th  inf. 
V.  H.  Erron,  co.  C,  " 

Joseph  McChaskey,  co.    A.,  5th  inf. 
J.  W.  McCla5kc.v,co.  A.,  6th  inf. 
Harry  C.  Colston,  ensign,      " 
W.  Watts,  CO.  I.  " 

Lieut.  J.  W.  Carroll,  co.  D.,  9th  inf. 
P.  W.  Williams,  co.  6.,  9th  inf. 
Frank  Rowell,  co.  H.  " 

AT    LAGRANGE,  GA. 

D.  P.  Conny,  4th  inf. 
Robert  Clinton  Bryan,  6th  inf. 
W.  B.  Coleman,  9th  cav. 

W.  Frazier,  9th  cav. 
4.  J.  Leary,  Cantrill's  cav. 
f.  W.  Davis,  18th  cav. 
W.  MoKinncy,      " 

AT    WRST    POINT,    GA, 

Steve  Estill,  co.  H.,  2d  inf. 

AT  CHARLESTON,  EAST  TENNESSEE. 

Sergeant  W.  F.  Standiford,  co.  D.,  1st 
cavalry. 

AT  GRIFPIN,    GA. 

James  F.  Talbott,  eo.  C,  2d  inf. 

G.  C.  Harris,  co.  B. 

W.  B.  Edson,  CO.  G.,  4th  inf. 

AT  FORSTTHE,    GA. 

H.  E.  Mott,  CO   A.,  4th  inf. 
F.  S.  Barnes,  co.  A.      " 
Adjutant  R.  H.  Williams,  4th  inf. 
Lieut.  S.  M.  Orr,  co.  G.,  6th  inf. 

AT  RE3ACA,   GA. 

Sergeant  B.  E.  Hewitt,  co.  G.,  2d  inf. 
Charlie  W.  Gayley,  co.  A.,  2d  inf. 
Eight  unknown,  Lewis'  brigade  inf. 

AT  SNAKE   GAP,  GA. 

John  Howard,  9th  inf. 

AT   KENESAW   MOUNTAIN,  GA. 

AV.  H.  Rose,  co.  K.,  5th  inf. 

AT    CITIZENS'  GKAVETARD,   ATLANTA. 

[Besides  the  following,  are  many  more 
around  Atlanta  not  yet  visited.] 

Brig.  Gen.  Ben.  Hardin  Helm,  Helm's 

brigade. 
Oapt.  G.  W.  McCauley,  Williams'  bri- 
gade. 
John  Z.  Coleman,  Williams'  brigade. 
Levi  Jones,  Cobb's  battery. 
Capt.  Tom.  Walker,  Bryant's  battery. 
Sam  Scott,  Morgan's  squadron. 
One  unknown,  "     cavalry. 
J.  W.  Spence,  Breckinridge's  cav. 
— .  Hancock,  Ky.  brigade. 
lstcav...J.  A.Smith. 

"     ...A.  Rasor,  co.  C. 
2d  cav. ..J.  W.  Bateman. 
"     ...M.  Leuthal,  co.  D. 


D.  Je 


3d 


nehill. 


"     ...J.  T.  Alf. 
4th  cav. ..J.  E.  Brown. 

"     ...G.  R.  McP . 

9th  cav..  A.  R.  Barrickman,  co.  G 

"     ...W.  P.  Dell,  CO.  A. 


"     ...Stephen  Webster,  CO.  E. 
"     ...J.  B.  .Morse. 
1st  inf.. .Israel  Gray,  eo.  B. 
2d  inf... Col.  James  W.  Hewitt. 
"     ...A.  Dawson,  co.  A. 
"     ...George  R.  M*ore. 
"     ...W.  A.  Hatcher,  co.  C. 
"     ...Jas.  M.  Plaster,  co.  C. 
**     ...G.  J.  Steward,  co.  K. 
"     ...Lieut.  Phil.  Murphy,  co.  F. 
3d    inf.. .J.  T.  Alford,  co.  E. 
"     ...J.  G.  Coker,  CO.  A. 
"     ...James  C.  Covington,  co.  A. 
"     ...W.  S.  Roach,  CO.  G. 
4th  inf.. .John  B.  Scott,  co.  F. 
"     ...L.  H.  Spalding,  CO.  C. 
"     ...W.  B.  Hanley,  co.  H. 
"     ...M.  Rogers,  co.  F. 
"     ...P.  Formhats,  co.  I. 
"     ...H.  G.  Hodge,  co.  A. 
"     ...G.  M.  Calhoun,  co.  G. 
"     ...G.  F.  Rice,  CO.  C. 
"     ...S.  D.  Hancock,  co.  C. 
"     ...J.  T.  Boyd,  CO.  G. 
5th  inf.. .Oscar  E.  Reed,  co.  I. 
"     ...E.  Passin,  co.  H. 
"     ...R.  Wolf,  CO.  6. 
"     ...I.  Sampson,  eo.  K. 
"     ...David  Evans,  co.  A. 
"     ...J.  W.  Ellington,  co.  C. 
"     ...C.  N.  Jones,  co.  F. 
"     ...D.  D.  Shyer,  co.  F. 
"     ...J.  H.  Calvert,  co.  E. 
"     ...E.  G.  Henry,  CO.  C. 
"     ...J.  AV.  Williams,  CO.  C. 
"     ...Lieut.  J.  W.  Cleveland,  co.  I. 
"     ...G.  B.  Barnes,  co.  G. 
"     ...W.  H.  Walker,  co.  B. 
"     ...John  Bradshaw,  co.  C. 
"     ...ThomasWallen,  CO.  B. 
6th  inf...W.  F.  Willingham,  co.  A. 
"     ...J.  E.  Dawson,  co.  I. 
"     ..J.  W.  Davidson,  co.  E. 
"     ...George  Peach,  co.  G. 
"     ...E.  W.  Anderson. 
"     ...B.  G.  Collier,  co.  G. 
"     ...J.  C.  Grissom,  co.C. 
"     ...A.  Wells,  CO.  B. 
"     ...L.  N.  Stout,  CO.  A. 
"     ...James  Osborne,  co.  E. 
8th  inf...W.  A.  Bush,  co.  H. 
"     ...C.  Hutchison,  CO.  A. 
"     ...Calvin  Whitlow,  co.  C. 
"     ...B.  C.  Hall,  CO.  E. 
9th  inf...E.  R.  Pemberton,  co.  G. 
"     ...L.  Mason. 
"     ...Silas  King,  co.  I. 
"     ...Lieut.  John  W.  Webb,  co    D. 
"     ...James  M.  Ashford,  co.  H. 
-th  inf.. .James  0.  Ambrose,  co.  C. 

J.  E.  McDonald,  1st  Ky.  battalion  (sup- 
posed to  be  6th  Ky.  infantry). 

May  26— The  Princeton  Bmmer  records 
the  following  incident, of  this  date  :  "A 
slip  of  the  tongue  on  the  part  of  Judge 
Grace,  while  charging  the  grand  jury  last 
Monday  at  Eddyville,  created  considera- 
ble laughter  at  the  Judge's  expense.  In 
referring  to  the  changes  which  the  last 
legislature    had  made  in  the  laws  of  the 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


246? 


commonwealth — to  take  effect  next  Decem- 
ber— he  said  that  in  murder  cases,  when 
the  jury  find  a  verdict,  they  may  fix  the 
punishment  at  death,  or,  in  their  discre- 
tion, at  a  long  term  in  the  State  LegUla- 
ture.  And  the  best  of  it  was,  the  judge 
didn't  detect  his  mistalie  ;  and  when  told 
of  it  afterward,  swore  he  did  n't  say  any 
such  thing." 

May  26— The  Louisville  Courier-Journal, 
in  an  article  demonstrating  the  vast  ex- 
pense and  lost  time  of  the  recent  legisla- 
ture, wasted  upon  private  and  local  laws, 
gives  the  following  classification  of  some 
of  these  bills,  and    the    number   in  each 

Railroad  charters  and  amendments 48 

Steam  packet  charters 3 

Telegraph  charters 2 

Relating  to  towns 125 

Corporations,  manufacturing,  mining, 

agricultural,  building  and  loan 113 

Bank  charters  and  amendments 28 

Prohibitory  liquor  laws 42 

Churches,  cemeteries  and  orphan  asy- 
lums   32 

Colleges  and  seminaries 33 

Turnpike  companies 102 

Ferries 4 

Benefit  of  clerks 8 

Protection  of  birds  and  fish  in  localities     9 

Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  ic,  charters 32 

Benefit  of  private  persons 125 

Benefit  of  jailers 14 

Benefit  of  sheriffs  and  ex-sheriffs 66 

Relating  to  counties 103 

Relating  to  certain  courts 47 

Public  schools  in  certain  localities 79 

Streams  declared  navigable 11 

May  27 — A  tornado  passed  over  Louis- 
ville, doing  much  damage  to  property, 
partially  unroofing  several  houses,  blowing 
down  chimneys,  trees,  and  fences,  etc. ; 
the  lightning  struck  repeatedly,  with  con- 
siderable damage. 

May  27,  28 — Episcopal  Convention  of 
the  Diocese  of  Kentucky  in  session  at  Lex- 
ington, Assistant  Bishop  Cummins  pre- 
siding ;  Bishop  Smith  absent.  A  memo- 
rial protest  and  petition  from  Grace  church, 
Louisville,  claimed  that  Bishop  Smith  had 
been  guilty  of  usurpation,  and  of  injustice 
toward  the  Rev.  James  Briscoe,  late  as- 
sistant minister  of  Grace  church  parish,  in 
refusing  to  receive  his  letter  dismissory 
from  the  ecclesiastical  authority  of  Mary- 
land— giving  as  his  reason  therefor,  that 
Mr.  Briscoe,  during  his  six  months  proba- 
tion, had  introduced  innovations  into  the 
P.  E.  worship  of  which  the  bishop  disap- 
proved, and  which  were  not  sanctioned  by 
the  rubric.  After  an  animated  discussion, 
the  convention  decided  not  to  receive  the 
memorial,  and  spread  it  upon  the  records, 
even  after  its  strong  expressions  were 
greatly  modified.  Rev.  Mr.  Piatt's  reso- 
lution requesting  the  Assistant  Bishop  to 
present  to  the  next  meeting  of  the  conven- 
tion his  views  in  regard  to  the  establish- 
ment of  "  brotherhoods  and  sisterhoods  " 
in  the  church  was  freely  discussed,  and 
then  withdrawn. 


May  28— Fire  at  Carlisle,  Nicholas  co. ; 
10  houses  destroyed,  including  several 
stores,  R.  R.  depot,  and  dwellings  ;  loss 
about  $30,000,  with  $20,000  insurance. 

May  28— Zach.  Ford,  of  Woodford  co., 
clips  from  a  Cotswold  ram  20 J^  pounds  of 

May  28 — Murder  in  his  own  house  in 
Washington  co.,  near  the  Mercer  co.  line, 
of  Dr.  Geo.  C.  Alfred,  and  robbery  of  his 
body,  by  two  yellow  boys  whom  he  had 
raised,  named  George  Miler  Alfred  and 
Ned  Alfred.  They  escaped,  but  Miler 
was  arrested  in  Pennsylvania,  brought  to 
Springfield,  tried  in  March,  1874,  and  hung 
on  Friday,  May  1.  Dr.  Alfred's  widow 
was  indicted,  and  to  be  tried  as  an  acces- 
sary in  the  murder  of  her  husband. 

May  29— A  copy  of  the  Siamese  Bible, 
or  Holy  Book,  presented  to  the  Public 
Library  at  Louisville.  It  consists  of  a 
bundle  of  33  very  thin  strips  of  bamboo, 
28  inches  long  by  IK  inches  wide;  of 
which  5  form  the  cover  of  the  book,  and 
the  other  28  are  traced  with  Siamese  char- 
acters which  require  to  be  read  lengthwise 
of  the  book,  instead  of  across. 

May  29— A.  J.  Alexander,  of  Woodburn 
farm,  Woodford  co.,  sells  for  $10,000  a 
two-year  old  heifer,  the  "  Duchess  of 
Airdrie  XVth,"  to  go  to  England. 

May  29 — Temporary  organization  at 
Louisville  of  Central  University. 

May  30— Suicide,  near  Bowling  Green, 
of  Ben.  Scobee  ;  it  is  supposed,  from  re- 
morse at  having  killed  his  young  friend, 
Ben.  Parrish,  at  the  depot  in  Bowling 
Green,  on  March  20,  1873,  for  which  he 
was  held  in  $15,000  bail. 

May  30— Graves  of  the  Federal  dead  at 
Louisville  and  some  other  points  in  Ky. 
strewed  with  flowers — on  this  day  ap- 
pointed by  congress  as  a  national  memo- 
rial day. 

i  part  of  the  exercises  at  Cave  Hill 
Cemetery,  an  order  was  read  from  the  U. 
S.  quartermaster  general,  from  which  it 
appeared  that  there  are  73  national  ceme- 
teries under  the  immediate  control  of  the 
government,  and  316  like  Cave  Hill— not 
regular  national  graveyards,  but  in  which 
many  thousands  of  soldiers  lie  buried.  The 
Government  has  appropriated  $1,000,000, 
for  tombstones  over  the  graves.  There  are 
over  4,000  soldiers'  graves  in  Cave  Hill, 
and  2,807  (of  whom  1,000  are  colored)  in 
the  national  cemetery  at  New  Albany,  In- 
diana, 5  miles  distant. 

May  31— Jas.  Jeffers,  a  policeman,  shot 
at  Frankfort  by  desperadoes.  A  public 
meeting  held  on  Sunday,  and  resolutions 
passed.  $1,000  reward  offered  for  the 
murderers. 

June  1 — Death  at  Louisville,  at  a  fire  on 
Green  street,  of  John  Hunt,  a  member  of 
the  fire  department,  from  a  broken  heart. 

June  2— In  the  Centre  College  trustees 
case  from  Boyle  co.,  Wm.  B.  Kinkead  and 
others  m.  John  L.  McKee  and  others,  the 
court  of  appeals  affirms  the  decision  of  the 
court  below  in  favor  of  the  (Northern) 
General  Assembly  trustees — because  they 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1873. 


claim  under  a  contract  in  the  charter, 
which  gives  the  exclusive  right  of  election 
to  "the  body  of  the  Presbyterian  clergy 
and  elders  in  connection  with  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in 
the  United  States  of  America,  who  meet 
annually  as  a  synod  in  the  State  of  Ken- 
tucky, of  whatever  individuals  they  may 
be  composed  at  the  time  of  their  annual 
meeting,  and  as  such  ore  capable  of  being 
identified  in  fact  at  each  meeting."  This 
General  Assembly,  it  is  in  proof,  has  never 
ceased  to  exist ;  and  clergy  and  elders 
have  been  meeting  as  a  synod  in  Ken- 
tucky in  connection  with  it  ever  since  the 
contract  was  made,  in  1824.  Appellants 
do  not  claim  to  belong  to  this  General 
Assembly.  Even  if  they  felt  compelled 
— by  reason  of  its  disregard  uf  the  organic 
law  of  their  church  government — to  throw 
off  allegiance  to  it;  still  that  is  no  reason 
why  the  plain  provisions  of  an  express  con- 
tract should  be  disregarded.  The  owner- 
ship of  the  property  is  not  involved  in  this 
Euit. 

June  3— Frank  H.  Walworth,  aged  19, 
shot  and  killed  his  father,  Mansfield  Tracy 
Walworth,  at  a  hotel  in  New  York  city, 
this  morning.  Domestic  trouble  the  cause, 
the  deceased  having  been  guilty  of  very 
harsh  and  brutal  treatment  of  his  wife, 
repeatedly  threatening  her  and  the  son's 
life.  The  N.  Y.  Sun  says  that  "  when 
she  left  her  husband's  residence,  Mrs. 
Walworth  bore  upon  her  body  the  marks 
of  ill-usage.  She  had  been  beaten  until 
the  black  and  blue  spots  were  every-where 
visible,  and  her  hands  had  been  bitten  by 
the  brutal  husband,  his  teeth  tearing  the 
flesh  away  until  the  bones  were  laid  bare." 
Young  Walworth  was  subsequently  tried, 
and  sent  to  the  penitentiary.  The  family 
were  for  some  years  residents  of  Louis- 
ville ;  and  Mrs  W.  was  the  daughter  of  a 
Kentuckian,  Col.  John  J.  Hardin,  living 
in  Illinois  in  1847  when  he  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Buena  Vista. 

June  3,  4,  5— State  Dental  Association 
of  Ky.  in  session  at  Louisville.  On  the 
5th,  the  State  Dental  Association  of  Indi- 
ana met  with  it  in  joint  conference. 

June  4— Fifth  annual  meeting  of  the 
Kentucky  Press  Association,  at  Paris.  31 
Kentucky  editors,  and  several  correspond- 
ents of  papers  outside  of  the  state,  present. 
Annual  address  by  Col.  Jas.  A.  Dawson, 
of  the  Louisville  Ledger,  and  poem  by  Ben. 
Harrison,  of  the  Henderson  News.  Thos. 
M.  Green,  of  the  MaysviUe  Eagle  elected 
orator  for  next  year,  and  AVm.  J.  Davis, 
of  the  Louisville  Home  and  School  poet; 
and  Murat  Halstead,  of  the  Cincinnati 
Commercial,  invited  to  read  an  essay.  A 
banquet  was  given  by  the  citiiens  at 
night. 

June  6— Rev.  Stuart  Robinson,  D.  D., 
and  Rev.  Samuel  R.  Wilson,  D.  D.,  two 
of  the  ablest  of  living  Ky.  divines,  leave 
Louisville  this  week  for  Europe — the 
former  designing  to  extend  his  tour  to 
Egypt  and  Palestine. 

June    6— Hopkinsville    district    confer- 


ence of  the  "Methodist  E.  Church  in 
America,"  composed  entirely  of  colored 
people,  in  session  at  Princeton,  Caldwell 
CO.,  Bishop  Wm.  Henry  Miles  presiding. 
Bishop  M.  was  born,  Dec,  1828,  in  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Ky.,  a  slave;  was  willed  his  free- 
dom by  his  mistress  in  1853,  but  a  lawsuit 
retained  him  in  slavery  until  1864  ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1863  by  Rev.  Dr.  A. 
H.  Redford,  of  Nashville  ;  was  ordained 
bishop  in  1870  by  Bishops  P.iyne  and 
McTyiere,  of  the  Methodist  E.  Church 
South.  His  episcopal  jurisdiction  extends 
over  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Missouri,  Kan- 
sas, and  North  Mississippi.  Four  other 
colored  men  are  now  bishops  in  the  same 
church,  which  was  formed  originally  from 
the  colored  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church 
South. 

June  6— The  Ashland  Coal  and  Iron 
Works  Co.  declares  a  dividend  of  60  per 

June  10— In  Clark  co.,  12  head  of 
thoroughbred  shorthorn  cattle  sold  to  par- 
ties from  England,  for  exportation  thither. 

June  13— Zach.  F.  Smith  resigns  the 
presidency  of  the  Cumberland  and  Ohio 
R.  R.,  of  which  he  has  been  the  very  head 
and  front,  if  not  "  the  very  life  and  hope." 

June  13— The  committee  of  the  board  of 
curators  of  Ky.  University  made  a  report 
to-day,  exonerating  Regent  John  B.  Bow- 
man ;  who  then  tendered  his  resignation 
as  regent  and  treasurer — which  the  board 
almost  unanimously  refused  to  accept,  thus 
fully  indorsing  his  course. 

June  13 — Joseph  Duncan,  colored,  hung 
at  Paris,  for  the  murder  of  John  Hawkins, 
colored.  When  first  hung,  the  rope 
stretched  so  much  that  he  touched  the 
ground  with  his  feet.  While  still  strug- 
gling and  breathing,  though  unconscious, 
the  rope  was  cut,  and  he  was  taken  upon 
the  scaffold  and  hung  the  second  time. 
Nine  minutes  elapsed  between  the  two 
hangings. 

June  20— Col.  S.  T.  Hauser,  formerly 
of  Falmouth,  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  but  now 
a  bank  president  in  Montana  "Territory, 
proposes  to  place  upon  exhibition  at  the 
World's  Fair  in  Vienna,  a  solid  ingot  of 
Montana  gold  weighing  400  pounds  and 
worth  $90,000  in  coin. 

June  24 — Tobacco  dry-house  of  Dr.  E. 
R.  W.  Thomas,  at  Covington,  destroyed 
by  fire,  with  360  hhds.  old  and  200  new 
tobacco,  of  which  but  little  was  saved;  los9 
$85,000,  insurance  $55,000. 

June  27— Lieut.  Gov.  John  G.  Carlisle 
is  acting  governor  of  Ky.,  during  the  ab- 
sence of  Gov.  Leslie  on  an  Eastern  trip. 

June  28— Several  fatal  cases  of  .-isiatio 
cholera  at  Covington,  within  a  week. 

June  28— To  Clifton  F.  Carr,  son  of 
Judge  Chns.  D.  Carr,  of  Lexington,  is 
awarded  the  "  Boudinot  Historical  Fel- 
lowship "  of  Princeton  College,  N.  J., 
value  $250— for  the  best  essay  on  the 
"Causes  and  effects  of  the  English  Revo- 
lution," and  for  the  best  examination  on 
ihe  history  of  that  period. 

June  29— Death  at  Covington,  of  paraly- 


1873. 


AXNAL3   OF   KENTUCKY. 


246i 


sis,  of  Jesse  R.  Grant,  father  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  tlie  United  States,  in  his  80th 
year;  born  in  Pa.,  Jan  12,  1791;  raised  to 
the  tanner's  trade,  near  German  town,  Ma- 
son CO.,  Ky. ;  a  resident  of  Ohio,  from 
1821  to  1865,  since  then  in  Covington,  Ky., 
of  which  city  he  has  been  postmaster  since 
1865.  His  wife,  to  whom  he  had  been  mar- 
ried 52  years,  survived  him.  The  Presi- 
dent was  present  at  the  funeral,  on  July  1st. 

July  1— ^ree  delivery  of  letters  and  pa- 
pers begins  in  Covington. 

July  1 — John  B.  Poyntz,  near  Mays- 
Tille,  sells  to  parties  near  Galveston, 
Texas,  12  yearling  Alderney  heifers. 

July  1 — Horrible  murder  near  Penning- 
tonville,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  of  a  Ky.  dro- 
ver, name  unknown,  who  was  robbed  of 
$l,.50O.  The  murder  was  not  discovered 
until  July  12th,  when  the  body  was  found, 
with  both  arms  and  legs  cut  off,  his  throat 
severed  from  ear  to  ear,  and  three  large 
Btabs  through  the  body. 

July  2 — At  Louisville,  the  premium 
Owen  CO.  tobacco,  raised  by  John  Val- 
landigbam,  sold  for  $3134  per  hundred 
pounds,  Wm.  Baker's  for  the  same,  and 
Philip  Ale.Kander's  for  $33  ;  the  latter  was 
white  Burley,'  and  the  former  two  red  Bur- 
ley. 

July  6— Paducah  and  Memphis  rail- 
road, 220  miles  long,  finished,  all  but  55 
miles. 

July  8 — Third  grand  gift  concert  in  aid 
of  the  Public  Library  of  Kentucky  at  Lou- 
isville ;  the  capital  prize,  $100,000,  drawn 
by  L.  H.  Keith,  of  Kingston,  Mass.,  and 
the  next  highest,  $50,000,  by  Willis  Wor- 
ley,  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  a  member  of  the 
Tennessee  legislature. 

July  9—47  deaths  from  cholera  (28  white 
and  19  colored),  at  Franklin,  Simpson  co., 
since  the  disease  first  appeared,  June  21 ; 
5  other  deaths  from  cholera  in  Simpson  co. 

July  10 — Homer  Hudson,  a  tobacco  man- 
ufacturer of  Covington,  purchases  a  pack- 
age of  tobacco  raised  in  Floyd  co,,  Va., 
at  the  enormous  price  of   $140    per   100 

July'lO— At  a  meeting  of  the  Alumni 
Association  of  Central  University,  at  Lex- 
ington, the  order  locating  the  institution 
at  Anchorage  was  revoked — ayes  235,  nays 
131. 

July  11 — Annual  Convention  of  the 
Grand  Commandcryof  Kentucky  Knights 
Templar,    at  Newport. 

July  12— The  Royal  Saxon  Band  perform 
to  a  very  large  audience,  in  the  Exposition 
building,  Louisville.  The  Exposition  man- 
agers oS'er  the  Band  $35,000,  to  play  dur- 
ing the  coming  Exposition.  The  Band 
accepts,  upon  condition  that  the  King  of 
Saxony  will  give  them  leave  of  absence  ; 
(but  he  refused). 

July  12— Rye  8  feet  high  on  a  farm  in 
Lewis  CO.,  on  which  guano  was  the  fertil- 


July  13— At    a    Methodist 
eting  at  Shiloh  church  near  Hopki 


ville,    Mrs.    Emily    Owen,    apparently    in 
perfect  health,  walked  forward  to  the  altar 


to  commune,  but  when  in  the  act  of  kneel- 
ing dropped  dead  from  heart  disease. 

July  15 — Three  colored  men  candidates 
for  the  legislature — one  in  each  of  the 
counties  of  Daviess,  Henry,  and  Franklin. 

July  15 — Covington,  Flemingsburg  and 
Pound  Gap  R.  R.  Co.  organized  at  Flem- 
ingsburg ;  John  T.  Sullivan  elected  presi- 
den  ;  length  225  miles,  to  the  terminus  on 
the  Virginia  line.  The  engineer  estimates 
the  cost  at  $27,634  per  mile  for  i  ft.  834 
in.  gauge,  or  $16,500  per  mile  for  3  ft.  nar- 
row gauge;  or  a  total  cost  of  $6,217,550 
for   regular,   and    $3,712,500    for    narrow 

fires  and    two 


Lou 


illc- 


:22, 


9  :  45, 10  :  40,  11 :  45  p.  m.  and  12  :  30  a.  m.  ; 
the  most  extensive  being  the  fourth,  which 
destroyed  the  Bamberger,  Bloom  &  Co. 
stone-front  block,  on  K.  side  of  4th  St., 
adjoining  the  Public  Library  building 
(which  narrowly  escaped);  loss  by  all 
the  fires,  $84,000,  insurance  $67,000.  A 
heavy  rainstorm  aided  in  extinguishing 
the  fires.  Quite  a  panic  among  the  citi- 
zens was  caused,  who  feared  a  concerted 
eff'ort  to  destroy  the  city  by  starting  fires 
in  three  centers  of  business  almost  simul- 
taneously ;  and  the  Mayor  telegraphed  to 
Cincinnati  for  several  steam  fire  engines, 
which  were  promptly  shipped  upon  a 
special  railroad  train. 

July  15—9  deaths,  6  blacks  and  3  whites, 
from  cholera,  at  Elizabethtown,  Hardin 
CO.,  since  July  11.  A  number  of  deaths, 
also,  at  Paducah,  and  at  Bowling  Green. 
21  deaths,  mostly  negroes,  at  Grayson, 
Carter  co. 

July  15— In  the  U.  S.  district  court  at 
Louisville,  Judge  Bland  Ballard  affirms 
the  opinion  of  Warner  L.  Underwood, 
Jr.,  register  in  bankruptcy,  in  the  '•'  spe- 
cial deposit"  cases  vs.  Bank  of  Bowling 
Green — growing  out  of  the  thefts  and 
other  malfeasance  in  office  of  Calvert,  the 
cashier.  The  decision  defeats  the  claims 
of  the  general  creditors  of  the  bank,  and 
prefers  those  of  J.  J.  Clay  pool  for  $17,- 
000  and  the  Shakers  at  South  Union  for 
$35,734. 

July  16— Annual  reunion,  at  Paris,  of 
soldiers  of  the  war  of  1812  ;  67  present— 
their  united  ages  5,406,  an  average  of 
8034  years;  20  counties  in  Ky.  and  1  in 
Illinois  represented  ;  Capt.  Jack  Martin, 
of  Clark  co.,  aged  75,  was  the  youngest, 
and  Wm.  E.  Gayle,  of  Illinois,  aged  98, 
the  oldest. 

July  20 — The  two  most  important  post- 
offices  in  Kentucky  held  by  ladies — Louis- 
ville, by  Mrs.  Lucy  M.  Porter,  daughter  of 
the  late  Gov.  Jas.  T.  Morehead,  and  Cov- 
ington, by  Mrs.  Sultana  Sebree  Farrell. 

July  20— Suicide  at  Lexington,  by  mor- 
phine, of  Dr.  Thos.  P.  Dudley,  Jr.— for 
more  than  20  years  the  first  medical  as- 
sistant at  the  Eastern  Ky.  Lunatic  Asy- 
lum. Got.  Leslie  had  recently  ofi'ered  him 
the  superintendency,  when  Dr.  Whitney 
resigned,  but  it  was  decidedly  declined. 
It  is  supposed  that  such  long  and  intimate 


246; 


ANNALS   OF   KEXTUCKr. 


association  witn  injan: 
had  helped  to  develop 
porary  insaDity  that  made  h 


Dr.  D. 


take  hi! 


vn  life.  He  had  high  endowments  of 
inind  and  heart,  which  fitted  him  for  the 
post  he  filled  so  ably. 

July  21— Tom  Bowling,  a  Ky.  horse, 
wins  the  2-mile  race  at  Long  Branch,  N. 
J.,  in  3  :  42,  although  from  his  own  had 
conduct  he  was  60  vards  behind  at  the  start. 

July  21  to  27— Charles  Zirhut,  a  Ger- 


ald, 


from  Pittsburg  to  Cincinnati,  in  IJ^  hours 
less  than  6  days— winning  a  wager  of  $500. 
From  Portsmouth  to  Cincinnati,  112  miles, 
was  made  inside  of  19  hours,  an  average 
of  about  6  miles  an  hour.  The  boat  was 
a  paper  shell,  30  feet  long,  12  inches  beam, 
and  weighs  only  20  pounds:  oars  11  feet 
long,  the  tips  modeled  in  the  shape  of  a 
spoon. 

July  22— At  Frankfort,  Thos.  S.  Theo- 
bald and  wife  quietly  celebrated  the  60th 
anniversary  of  their  marriage.  At  Mays- 
ville,  in  May  last,  Isaac  Thomas  and  wife 
celebrated  the  64th  anniversary  of  their 
marriage. 

July  23— Elder  I.  B.  Grubbs,  the  preach- 
er, and  the  4  elders  of  the  "  Chestnut 
Street  Christian  church  of  Louisville,"  are 
"encouraged  to  strike  a  sounding  blow" 
at  the  board  of  curators  of  Ky.  Univer- 
sity, and  at  their  recent  action,  in  an  ad- 
dress, thus: 

"As  far  as  our  right  extends  as  a  con- 
stituent part  of  the  Kentucky  Christian 
Brotherhood  owning  Kentucky  University, 
we  demand  : 

First— The  severance  of  the  university 
belonging  to  the  Christian  Church  of  Ken 
tucky  from  the  Agricultural  and  Mechan 
ical  College  belonging  to  the  State,  as  soon 
as  it  can  be  effected  through  the  Legis- 
lature, and  that  hereafter,  by  amendment 
of  the  charter,  no  person  shall  hold  the 
position  of  curator  who  is  not  recognized 
as  a  member  of   the  Christian  Church. 

Second— The  continuance  of  Professor 
John  W.  McGarvey  in  the  Bible  college, 
and  the  resignation  of  those  who  seek  his 
removal  as  soon  as  others  can  be  elected  to 
their  places  who  will  respect  the  will  of 
our  brotherhood. 

Third— The  abolition  of  the  regency,  or 
the  election  to  that  office  of  one  who  is  in 
full  fellowship  with  the  Christian  Church 


n  2:40  each 
d  in  3  :  02. 
ly  2r,-Trust, 


.  one-ye 


-old 


of  the  same." 

July  24— The  Travers  stake  race  to-day, 
1%  miles,  at  Saratoga,  N.  Y.,  Tom  Bow- 
ling (the  3-year-uld  Ky.  horse),  although 
carrying  110  pounds,  wins  in  3:09%,  be- 
ing within  I'/i  seconds  of  the  fastest  time 
ever  made  in  this  race.  Kentucky,  another 
great  colt  of  Lexington,  won  the  sam« 
stake  race  in  1864  in  3  :  18?i  minutes.  Tom 
Bowling  made  the  last  quarter  of  a  mile 
in  an  easy  canter  ;  otherwise  his  race  w 
have  been  the  quickest  time  ever  made. 

July  25— Several  two  and  three-year-old 
trotters,  in  the  stables  around  Lexington, 
in  private  and  public  trials,  make  one  mile 
in2:36,  2:40?i,  2:46,  2:56><;,  and  sev- 


of  the  Public  Library 
lie  donate  to  the  American 
Printing  House  for  the  Blind,  also  in  that 
city,  a  sum  sufficient  to  print  in  raised  let- 
ters for  the  blind  the  immortal  work  of 
Defoe,  Robinson  Crusoe. 

July  26— The  Ky.,  Cumberland  Gap  and 
Southern  R.  R.  Co.,  organized  at  Scholls- 
ville,  Clark  co.  ;  $51,000  reported  as  sub- 
scribed ;  it  was  decided  to  begin  the  sur- 
vey between  Paris  and  the  Three  Forks  of 
Ky.  river. 

July  27— About  14  masked  men,  at  12J4 
A.  M.,  entered  the  cabin  of  a  colored  man 
named  Lewis  Wilson,  rear  Gratz,  Owen 
CO.  and  began  shooting  at  him  in  bed  ;  he 
sprang  up,  defended  himself,  drove  them 
ofi',  and  fought  them  all  the  way  to  the  Ky. 
river,  200  yards  off;  then  went  to  the  house 
of  a  white  neighbor,  where  every  atten- 
tion was  given  him,  but  he  died  from  his 
wounds  next  morning.  He  identified  sev- 
eral of  the  assassins,  and  writs  were  issued 
for  their  arrests. 

July  27—5  deaths  of  cholera  at  La- 
grange, Oldham  co.,  in  3  days,  where  it 
had  previously  prevailed  with  virulence  ; 
two-thirds  of  the  citizens  leave  the  town. 
Many  scattered  cases  all  over  Ky.,  from 
Covington  and  Maysville  to  Paducah, 
Lebanon,  Bowling  Green,  Hartford,  and 
other  points,  and  in  the  country  ;  several 
at  Louisville. 

July  27— Memphis  and  other  West  Ten- 
nessee newspapers  advocate  the  formation 
of  a  new  State,  with  these  boundaries: 
Begin  at  a  point  on  the  Ky.  shore  oppo- 
site Cairo,  Illinois  ;  thence  along  the  Ky. 
biink  of  the  Ohio  river  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Tennessee  river  at  Paducah  ;  thence  up 
the  west  bank  of  the  Tennessee  river  to 
Eastport,  at  the  N.  w.  corner  of  the  State 
of  Alabama  ;  thence  along  the  State  line 
between  Alabama  and  Mississippi  to  the 
s.  E.  corner  of  Monroe  co..  Miss.;  thence 
in  a  direction  partly  along  the  Tallahatchie 
river  to  Bolivar,  on  the  Mississippi  river; 
and  up  that  river  to  the  beginning— con- 
taining from  25,000  to  30,000  square  miles, 
and  embracing  parts  of  Kentucky,  Ten- 
nessee, and  Mississippi.  July  28,  29— 
A  convention  was  held  at  Jackson,  Tenn., 
to  promote  its  formation;  but  few  Ken- 
tuckians  present.  On  the  central  execu- 
tive committee  were  appointed  the  follow- 
ing from  Kentucky  :  John  Martin,  Jr.; 
of  McCracken  co. ;  Col.  G.  A.  Christian 
Holt,ofCallowayco.;  Judge  James  White, 
of  Ballard  co. ;  Capt.  C.  L.  Randall,  of 
Fulton  CO. ;  and  D.  A.  Weill,  of  Graves  co. 
A  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted, 
that  each  fraction  of  a  Stale  taken  to  form 
part  of  the  new  State  is  expected  to  pay  its 
pro  rata  of  the  debt  of  the  State  of  which 
it  is  now  a  p.art.  The  movement  is  re- 
spectable, but  has  no  considerable  vitality 
in  western  Ky. :  it  is  comparatively  new, 
and  has  been  agitated  but  little. 

Julv  30— In  a  "  complete  list  "  of  those 
members  of  congress  who  have  refused  to 


IS73. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


246/;' 


draw,  or  have  returned,  their  "  back  pay," 
41  Rupublicans  and  1 1  Demor.Tats,  no  Ken- 
tucky mciubi-r's  name  appears. 

July  .31— Several  largo  auction  sales, 
durinj;  the  month,  of  thoroughbred  horse 
and  short-horn  cattle  stock,  in  Fayette, 
Woodford,  Shelby,  and  other  counties. 

Aug.  1— Since  Jan.  1,  1873,  seven 
months,  the  ftggregate  cost  of  new  build- 
ings in  Louisville  has  been  $1,186,350; 
besides  which,  $131,396  were  expended  in 
repairing  and  refitting  old  houses.  The 
new  City  Hall,  recently  finished  at  a  cost 
of  $500,000,  is  not  included  in  the  above. 

Aug.  1— Ex-Senator  Willis  B.  Machen, 
in  a  long,  able,  and  interesting  review  of 
the  subject  of  congressional  salaries,  ex- 
plains his  recent  vote  on  the  "  back  pay  " 
question,  in  the  U.  S.  senate. 

Aug.  1—12  deaths  from  cholera  in  and 
around  Princeton,  Caldwell  co.,  since  July 
18. 

Aug.  1—31  coal  mines  are  opened  and 
being  worked,  on  the  Elizabethtown  and 
Paducah  railroad — a  good  illustration  of 
how  rapidly  and  certainly  railroads  de- 
velop local  business  and  enterprise. 

Aug.  2— Campbell  E.  Hurst,  a  young 
lawyer  and  county  clerk,  killed  at  Mt. 
Pleasant,  Harlan  co.,  by  John  L.  Jones. 
He  was  trying  to  prevent  a  breach  of  the 
peace  by  a  party  of  carousing  men,  when 
one  of  them  stabbed  him  four  times. 

Aug.  4 — Annual  state  election.  James 
Vi'.  Tate  re-elected  state  treasurer  :  Tate, 
94,922,  Robert  C.  McKee,  4,386.  The 
new  legislature  will  stand  :  Senate,  31 
Democrats,  7  Republicans  ;  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, 80  Democrats,  20  Republicans. 

Aug.  4— Negro  riot  at  the  polls  held  at 
the  negro  school  house,  in  the  negro  sec- 
tion of  Nichoiasville,  Jessamine  co. ;  sev- 
eral white  men  pursued  by  the  armed  riot- 
ers, and  many  shots  fired  ;  the  white  citi- 
zens armed  themselves,  and  awaited  the 
coming  of  the  negroes — but  the  latter  were 
halted  by  the  sheriff,  a  Republican,  and 
several  of  the  best  citizens,  and  prudently 
retired  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  school 
house;  the  negro  who  brought  on  the 
trou' '  

town,  Bourbon  CO.,  after  the  election  was 
over,  two  young  men,  John  Talbott  and 
Joseph  Harris,  got  drunk  together.  Tal- 
bott declared  that  a  man  of  honor,  having 
participated  in  a  primary  election,  would 
support  the  nominee — which  Harris  had 
not  done.  Harris  retorted  with  some  low, 
insulting  epithets,  to  which  Talbott  re- 
joined, when  Harris  drew  his  pistol  and 
shot  Talbott  three  times,  producing  death 
in  two  days.  [Harris  sentenced  to  peni- 
tentiary for  4  years.] 

Aug.  6 — Death,  from  old  age,  near  Alex- 
andriii.  Campbell  co.,  of  "Aunt  Hagar,"  a 
colored  woman,  aged  122  years;  she  was 
born  in  Va.,  March  21,  1751. 

Aug.  7— First  insane  patients  taken  to 
the  new  4th  Lunatic  asylum,  at  Anchor- 
age, 12  miles  E.  of  Louisville;  which  was 
erected  and  recently  opened  as  the  State 
I...16|r 


Reform  School,  but  owing  to  the  rapid  in- 
crease of  insane  in  the  state,  overrunning 
the  Eastern  and  Western  Lunatic  asylums, 
the  legislature  ordered  such  alterations  as 
would  adapt  it  to  the  emergency.  Gov. 
Leslie  appointed  Dr.  C.  C.  Forbes  superin- 
tendent. 

Aug.  7— First  locomotive  put  to  work 
upon  that  portion  of  the  Ky.  and  Great 
Eastern  railroad  now  building,  along  the 
Ohio  river  between  Maysville  and  a  point 
opposite    Portsmouth,  0.  ;    350    hanhs  at 

Aug.  11— Kentucky  Trotting-Horse 
Breeders'  Association  organized  at  Lex- 
ington. 

Aug.  11— Geo.  M.  Bedford,  of  Bourbon 
CO.,  sells,  for  $10,000,  to  go  to  Wisconsin, 
a  thorough-bred  bull,  llth  Duke  of  Geneva, 
his  cost,  a  year  ago,  $6,000. 

Aug.  15— At  Lexington,  Judge  C.  B. 
Thomas  refused  to  dissolve  the  injunction 
issued  by  him  against  the  sheriffs,  pend- 
ing proceedings  under  a  mandamus  ;  and 
ordered  the  sheriffs  of  Fayette  and  Jessa- 
mine counties  to  give  a  certificate  of  elec-  ' 

Aug.  20— City  of  Wheeling,  West  Va., 
by  1,114  to  89,  votes  aid  to  the  Pittsburgh, 
Wheeling  and  Ky.  railroad. 

Aug.  25— Visitation  of  caterpillars  to 
the  shade  trees  in  city  and  country  ;  more 
general  and  destructive  than  ever  known 
inKy. 

Aug.  26 — Death  at  Fincastle,  Brown  CO., 
Ohio,  of  Mrs.  Mary  Sayres,  .aged  86.  In 
1790,  when  emigrating  to  Mason  co.,  Ky., 
her  parents  and  four  children  (of  whom 
she  was  one,  just  4  years  old),  together 
with  two  other  families,  were  captured  in 
a  periogue  at  the  Three  Islands,  11  miles 
above  Limestone,  now  Maysville.  The 
Indians  sold  the  party  to  the  British  at 
Detroit,  and  after  four  months  they  were 
enabled  to  reach  Ky.,  where  they  lived  for 
many  years. 

Sept.  2 — Several  men  from  Montgomery 
CO.,  with  blackened  faces,  attempted  to 
break  into  the  house  of  — ,  Clemm,  a 
farmer  in  Menifee  co.  One  of  thenj  — . 
McLean,  was  killed  by  Clemm  ;  two  oth- 
ers, John  Tade  and  Geo.  Casserly,  fled  to 
the  mountains,  but  were  captured,  tried, 
and  sentenced  to  6  months  in  the  peniten- 
tiary ;  evidence  entirely  circumstantial. 

Sept.  2  to  Oct.  ll--Seeond  grand  dis- 
play of  arts,  inventions,  manufactures,  and 
products,  at  Louisville,  called  the  "  Lou- 
isville Industrial  Exposition  ;  "  attended 
by  many  thousands  of  people,  some  of 
them  from  hundreds  of  miles  in  distance. 

Sept.  7— Death  at  St.  Louis,  of  Maj. 
Valentine  J.  Peers.,  aged  75;  a  citizen  of 
Ky.,  mostly  at  Paris,  1803-23;  held  sev- 
eral local  offices  of  high  trust  in  Mo.,  and 
was  judge  of  the  recorder's  court  of  St. 
Louis  in  1861,  when  the  Federal  soldiers 
fired  into  the  building,  killing  several  cit- 
izens on  the  balcony — one  bullet  passing 
through  the  judge's  chair,  on  which  the 
judge  was  sitting. 

Sept.  9— About  60  deaths  (12  whites,  48 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1S73, 


colored)     from    cholera    at     Millersburg, 
Bourbon  eo. 

Sept.  10— Gov.  Leslie  advertises  in  New 
York  city  and  Louisville  that  the  state  of 
Ky.  is  anxious  to  call  in  all  her  bonds,  and 
prepared  to  promptly  piiy  them,  principal 

Sept.  10— Most  wonderful  sale  of  cattle 
ever  held  in  the  world,  near  Utica,  N.  Y. 


others  close  akin  ;  formerly  the  Samuel 
Thorne  herd,  and  now  the  most  celebriitcd 
in  the  world.  Many  distinguished  Eng- 
lish breeders  and  nearly  all  American 
short-horn  breeders  of  note  were  present, 
or  repres^ted. 

Of  the  Duchess  family,  the  3-year  old 
bull,  2d  Duke  of  Oneida,  sold  to  Thns.  J. 
Megibhen,  Cynthiana,  Ky.,  for  $12,000. 

The  4th  Duchess  of  Oneida,  red,  year- 
ling, sold  to  same  and  E.  G.  Bedford,  of 
Paris,  Ky.,  for  $25,000. 

The  7th  Duchess  of  Oneida,  red  and 
white,  yearling,  sold  to  A.  J.  Alexander, 
Woodford  Co.,  Ky.,  for  $19,000. 

The  10th  Duchess  of  Oneida,  red  and 
white,  calved  April  7,  1873,  sold  to  same 
for  $27,000. 

27  cows  and  heifers,  and  2  bulls  were 
bought  by  Kentuckians  for  $107,6-40. 
Excluding  the  four  above,  the  lowest  price 
was  $250,  the  highest  $3,200,  the  average 
$985. 

Two  cows  were  sold  to  English  p.-irties, 
price  $40,600  and  $.)5,000.  11  cows  of  the 
Duchess  family  sold  for  $238,800,  an  av- 
erage of  $21,710;  of  which  6  went  to  Eng- 
land, at  a  cost  of  $147,100.  In  all,  111 
animals  were  sold,  for  $380,890,  averaging 
$3,431. 

Sept.  10 — At  Millersburg,  Bourbon  co., 
66  deaths  from  cholera  to  date,  nearly  all 
colored  persons.  At  Paris,  only  3  this  sea- 
son, and  they  brought  from  Millersburg,  8 
miles  distant.  At  Lebanon,  Alarion  co., 
to  date,  24,  and  in  the  county  49;  73  in 
all,  41  whites  and  .32  colored.  At  Lancas- 
ter, Garrard  co.,  33  deaths  foom  cholera. 
At  Columbia,  Adair  co.,  22  deaths. 

Sept.  10 — At  the  Lexington  races,  in  a 
dash  of  IKmiles,  Megibben's  Stanford 
won  in  2  :  11.  The  second  horse  was  beaten 
by  a  bad  start,  but  made  ?!{ths  of  a  mile  in 
1 :  15— or  at  the  rate  of  2  :  05  for  the  1}4 
mile?,  or  1:40  for  a  mile. 

On  Sept.  12  in  the  mile  race  for  2-year- 
olds,  Astral,  ran  the  quarter  mile  in  26'^, 
the  half  mile  in  67,  three  quarters  in 
1 :  17  K,  and  the  mile  in  1  :  44^— which  is 
hj  al4  second  the  fastest  race  of  2-year- 
olds  ever  run  in  this  country;  Hamburg's 
race  being  the  fastest  heretofore. 

Sept.  11— Meeting  at  Lexington  of  the 
Alumni  Association  of  Central  University. 
Those  only,  it  was  decided,  are  members 
»nd  entitled  to  vote,  who  subscribed  to  the 
endowment  fund  on  or  before  the  dny  of 
organization  at  Louisville,  April  29,  1873. 
Jos.  Chambers,  DeWitt  C.  Collins,  and 
Richard  U.Collins,  of  Covington,  appointed 


a  committee  to  receive  bids  for  the  location, 
send  statementof  the  bids  to  the  members, 
receive  their  votes  and  declare  the  result, 
and  call  a  meeting  for  ratification  at  the 
place  thus  selected. 

Sept.  11 — Death  at  Anchorage,  near  Lou- 
I  isville,  from  apoplexy,  of  Dr.  Geo.  Wood 
Bayless,  aged  57  vears.  He  was  born  in 
1816,  at  Washington,  Mason  co.  ;  gradua- 
ted at  Augusta  College  ;  attended  lectures 
at  the  old  Medical  Institute  in  Louisville 
(now  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity) in  its  first  year,  1837-8,  and  grad- 
uated at  the  University  of  Pa.,  in  Phila- 
delphia, 1838-9;  began  the  practice  in 
Louisville  ;  was  demonstrator  of  anatomy, 
for  8  years,  and  then  professor  of  surgery, 
in  the  Louisville  Medical  Institute.  A 
short  time  before  his  death,  he  was  elected 
a  professor  in  the  new  Central  University. 

Sept.  11 — First  number  issued,  at  Mays- 
ville,  of  the  Old  Kentucky  Flap~l\ie  40th 
newspaper  started  (in  Ohio,  Indiana,  Ky., 
Illinois,  and  West  Va.)by  the  veteran  ed- 
itor, Col.  Samuel  Pike,  now  just  70  years 
old. 

Sept.  12,  13— Trial  at  Bedford,  Trimble 
CO.  (by  change  of  venue  from  Frankfort), 
of  the  libel  suit  of  John  Haley  ii».  Ambrose 
W.  Dudley — the  latter  in  a  pamphlet  reply 
to  a  pamphlet  of  the  former,  having  charged 
Haley  with  frauds  in  the  purchase  of  iron 
for  the  fire-proof  public  offices  at  Frank- 
fort ;  the  defendant  averred  that  as  chair- 
man of  the  committee  superintending  the 
erection  of  the  public  ofiices,  as  a  state 
ofiicer  sworn  and  under  bond,  he  had  re- 
plied to  plaintifl's  pamphlet  from  a  sense 
of  duty,  and  without  any  personal  feel- 
ing ;  judgment  for  defendant;  damages 
claimed,  $25,000. 

Sept.  14 — Broadway  Hotel  at  Lexington 
burned. 

Sept.  15— Thos.  R.  Botts,  of  Fleming 
CO.,  has  a  bay  horse,  still  nimble  and  ac- 
tive, which  was  foaled  in  1838,  and  is  now 
35;2  years  old. 

Sept.  15 — Mass  meeting  of  citizens  at 
Owenton,  Owen  co.  ;  resolutions  passed 
condemning  all  Kuklux  movements,  de- 
manding of  the  civil  authorities  a  vigor- 
ous prosecution  of  all  persons  engaged  in 
the  heinous  outrage  in  July  Last,  when 
Lewis  Wilson,  of  color,  was  murdered  in 
Owen  CO.  by  desperadoes  from  another 
county,  and  "condemning  the  course  of 
the  Louisville  Courier-Journal  by  its  con- 
tinued editorials  in  advertising  to  the 
world  a  reign  of  Kuklux  in  Owen  co., 
which  does  not  now  and  never  did  exist." 

Sept.  15 — A  sharper  named  Norton, 
with  forged  letters  of  introduction  from 
New  York  banks,  victimizes  two  Louis- 
ville banks— the  Farmers'  and  Drovers' 
Bank,  out  of  $6,500,  and  the  German  Sa- 
vings Bank,  out  of  $4,500.  He  was  cap- 
tured with  the  latter  sum  upon  his  per- 
son ;  his  accomplice  escaping  with  the  other 

Se'pt.  15— The  total  deaths  by  cholera 
in  Lebanon,  recently,  have  been  26,  and 
in  Marion  co.  outside  of  Lebanon  58.     Of 


1873. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


55  cases  treated  by  one  physician,  13  died 
— indicating  an  average  mortality  of  25 
per  cent. 

Sept.  18 — Death  at  Washington,  Mason 
CO.,  iiged  97,  of  Peyton  Randolph  Key; 
he  was  born  in  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  Jan. 
19,  1776. 

Sept.  18— Beginning  of  the  mo.st  remark- 
able tinuncial  "panic"  in  the  history  of 
American  finances.  Jay  Cooke  &  Co.'s 
three  banking  houses,  in  New  York,  Phil- 
adelphia, and  Washington  city  suspend, 
while  their  London  banking  house  of 
Cooke,  McCuUough  &  Co.  continues  per- 
fectly solvent.  Other  banks  and  banking 
firms  involved  in  the  crash.  Reports  about 
some  Ky.  railroads  and  banks  being  inci- 
dentally involved  prove  exaggerated  or  un- 
true. Border  Ky.  banks,  like  oysters,  shut 
down  tight  upon  discounts  ;  and  announc- 
ing that  they  "must  take  care  of  them- 
selves," proceed  to  do  so  to  the  most  posi- 
tive extent — thus,  in  many  cases,  visiting 
upon  their  customers  the  sin  of  Jay  Cooke's 
bad  banking.  Kentucky  banks  generally 
had  their  N.  Y.  deposits  in  the  old  and 
staunch  banks,  and  suffered  but  little  in- 
convenience on  that  score. 

At  Elizabethtown,  Shelbyville,  and  each 
of  several  other  points,  a  bank  or  banking 
house. was  compelled  to  suspend  tempora- 
rily, because  of  the  unlooked-for  strin- 
gency in  the  money  market. 

Sept.  18— The  Ky.  system  of  live  stock 
sales  inaugurated  at  Nashville,  Tenn. ; 
several  Kentuckians  purchase  freely  of 
choice  short-horns. 

Sept.  22— Convention  at  Louisville  of 
Ky.  soldiers  of  the  Mexican  war. 

Sept.  23—5  Kuklux  arrested  in  Owen 
CO. ;  4  of  them  in  jail,  and  one  out  on  $2,000 
bail,  to  appear  for  trial  at  November  court. 

Sept.  23— Opening  of  the  City  High 
School  building  at  Covington,  the  finest 
building  in  Ky.  for  educational  purposes 
except  one. 

Sept.  26— Trial,  at  Chicago,  111.,  of  the 
celebrated  libel  suit  ot  Rev.  Stuart  Robin- 
son, D.  D.,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  va.  the  Chi- 
cago Evening  Font — for  reproducing  and 
•  -ishing,  Jan.  23,  1872,  (while  Dr.  R. 
pected  to  die  from  small-pox),  the 
charge  that,  "  during 
the  war,  Dr.  Robinson  had  advocated  from 
the  pulpit  the  shipping  of  yellow-fever  in- 
fected clothing  to  Northern  cities  ;  "  adding 
that  he  "  narrowly  escaped  death  from 
small  pox  last  week;"  damages  claimed 
$100,000  ;  judgment  for  $25,000;  and  $664 
costs.  By  direction  of  Dr.  R.,  (whose  ob- 
ject was  not  money,  but  making  the  ref- 
utation of  the  villainous  charge  a  matter 
of  record,)  his  attorneys,  Samuel  M.  Moore 
and  Bernard  G.  Caulfield,  remitted  the 
damages  ;  the  costs  were  paid. 

Se|it.  26— John  Onan  refused  bail  and 
sent  on  for  trial  before  the  circuit  court,  by 
Judge  A.  B.  Roberts,  charged  with  the 
murder  of  Lewis  Wilson,  colored,  on  July 
26.  He  and  — .  Razor,  previously  com- 
mitted on  the  same  charge,  were  sent  to 
the    Louisville  jail  for  safe-keeping  and 


was  expei 
old  and  ■ 


protection.  Two  others  were  admitted  to 
bail,  $1,000  each. 

Sept.  27— Death  in  Howard  co.,  Mo., 
near  Arrow  Rock,  aged  71,  of  Robert  Car- 
son, a  celebrated  Indian  mountain  scout, 
brother  of  Kit  Carson  ;  he  was  a  native  of 
Madison  co.,  Ky.,  and  emigrated  to  Mo. 
in  1811. 

Sept.  27 — John  AVillett,  a  young  farm- 
hand, pursued  on  horseback,  shot  and 
killed,  on  the  Winchester  pike,  10>^  miles 
B.  of  Lexington,  by  Montgomery  H.  Par- 
ker, an  old  and  wealthy  farmer.  Bail  re- 
fused. [March,  1874,  at  his  trial,  the 
jury  failed  to  agree,  and  he  was  admitted 
to  $15,000  bail.] 

Oct.  1— The  credit  of  the  State  of  Ky. 
will  not  sufi'er  by  the  financial  panic. 
$90,000  of  state  bonds,  which  matured  to- 
day, were  paid  in  New  York  city. 

Oct.  1— Death  in  Clark  co.,  aged  97,  of 
Mrs.  Mary  Cooper ;  she  was  born  July  30, 
1776. 

Oct.  1— Six  Kentuckians  are  still  living 
who  were  in  congress  from  34  to  56  years 
ago,  viz  :  Judge  Geo.  Robertson,  in  1817 
-21 ;  Dr.  John  F.  Henry,  1826-27  ;  Capt. 
Henry  Daniel,  1827-33  ;  Nicholas  D.  Cole- 
man, 1829-31;  Judge  Jos.  R.  Underwood, 
1835-43  ;  Judge  Richard  Hawcs,  1837-41 ; 
Gen.  V/m.  0.  Butler  and  Judge  Landaff 
Watson  Andrews,  each  1839-13.  Three 
other  old  Kentucky  congressmen  have 
died  recently:  John  Kincaid,  in  congress 
from  1829-33  ;  Judge  Thos.  A.  Marshall, 
1831-35;  Garret  Davis,  1839^7. 

Oct.  1,  2 — Commissioners  (5  from  each 
Stiite  bordering  upon  it)  for  the  improve- 
ment of  the  Ohio  river  and  its  tributaries, 
in  session  at  Louisville.  An  ably  written 
memorial  to  the  U.  S.  congress  for  the  im- 
proveujent  of  the  Tennessee  river  was 
adopted  ;  also,  a  resolution  urging  upon 
the  U.  S.  engineer  department  the  impor- 
tance of  widening  to  100  feet  the  cut  pass 
down  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio  ;  also,  other 
resolutions   of  a    liberal    and    commercial 

Oct.  2—4  men  killed  by  the  fall  of  a 
derrick,  at  the  freestone  quarry,  8  miles 
from  Mt.  Sterling,  Montgomery  co. 

Oct.  2— The  new  volume,  the  "  General 
Statutes  of  Kentucky,"  contains  955 
pages,  with  side-notes  throughout;  760 
foot-notes,  giving  references  to  the  decis- 
ions of  the  court  of  appeals;  and  an  analyt- 
ical index  of  111  pages,  in  brevier  type. 

Oct.  2— A  Kuklux  or  "regulating" 
party  of  negroes  visit  several  houses  near 
lieatty's  Mill,  5  miles  N.  of  Simpsonville, 
Shelby  CO.;  they  stone  one  white  man's 
house,  and  take  possession  of  property  and 
demand  money  at  several  negroes'  houses. 

Oct.  4— A  party  of  about  10  men,  one 
with  blackened  face  and  the  others  with 
rags  (or  cloths)  over  their  faces,  all  with 
guns  or  pistols  in  their  hands,  visit  the 
house  of  Mrs.  Sally  A.  Bunton,  on  Ben- 
son creek,  Franklin  co.,  near  Hardins*- 
ville,  Shelby  co.,  about  midnight,  and 
search  it  for  a  negro  boy  (who  had  gone, 
that   day,    to    Anderson    co.),    clamoring 


21  On 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1873. 


"  Bring  out  the  boy  George,"  and  punc 
ing  their  guns  under  the  beds.  Oct.  15 
Four  men,  believed  to  be  of  the  above  K 
klux  partj-,  arrested  and  tried  before  i 
examining  court;  but  the  witnesses  were 
intimidated,  and  the  evidence  entirely  cir- 
cumstantial, and  they  were  discharged. 

Oct.  5— At  the  Louisville  E.tposition  are 
exhibited  some  beautiful  specimens  of 
lead  ore  fro«i  Livingston  co.,  and  of  fluor 
spar  from  Caldwell  co. 

Oct.  5— Regent  John  B.  Bowman,  of 
Ky.  University,  sues  Rev.  Mr.  Crutcher,  in 
the  Woodford  court,  and  the  same  and  R. 
McMichael,  in  the  Fayette  court,  for  libel, 
in  procuring  to  be  published  a  charge  that 
he  had  bribed  certain  curators  of  the  Uni- 
versity with  Pacific  R.  R.  stock  ;  damages 
claimed,  $26,000  in  each  case. 

Oct.  5 — Death  in  Robertson  co.,  aged 
106^  years,  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Dixon,  n(e 
Engles  ;  born  June-5,  1767,  at  Frederick, 
Md.  She  distinctly  remembered  the  first 
verbal  accounts  of  Cornwallis'  surrender, 
150  miles  distant — being  then  14  years 
old. 

Oct.  5— Death  at  Mt.  Sterling,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  aged  87,  of  Capt.  Henry  (or 
Harry  )  Daniel ;  a  native  of  Va.,  but  raised 
in  Ky. ;  a  strong  lawyer,  with  great  natu- 
ral shrewdness  ;  a  volunteer  in  the  war  of 
1812,  with  rank  of  captain  ;  representative 
from  Montgomery  co.  1812,  '19,  and  '26; 
in  congress  for  six  years,  1827-33,  defeat- 
ing such  competitors  as  David  Trimble  and' 
Amos  Davis.  While  in  congress,  his  en- 
counter with  Tristam  Burgess,  of  R.  I.,  is 
remembered  as  one  of  the  most  racy  and  re- 
markable scenes  in  the  history  of  that  body. 

Oct.  5— Both  clerk's  offices  of  Breathitt 
CO.,  at  Jackson,  set  on  fire  and  burned  ; 
only  the  records  and  a  few  of  the  papers 
of  the  circuit  clerk's  office  saved. 

Oct.  6— Deputy  city-marshal  Wm.  A. 
Burton,  murdered,  in  a  drinking  saloon  at 
Paris,  by  Edward  and  Matthew  Current, 
whom  be  was  in  the  act  of  arresting  for 
drunkenness  and  disorderly  conduct. 
Strong  fears  of  lynching. 

Oct.  7 — Alfred  T.  Pope,  a  member  of 
the  State  senate  from  the  city  of  Louis- 
ville, and  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  dig- 
nified members  of  that  body,  resigns  his 
seat;  Thos.  L.  JeSferson  elected  to  fill  the 
vacancy. 

Oct.  7— The  first  colored  high  school  in 
Ky.  dedicated  at  Louisville,  corner  York 
and  6th  sts. ;  3  stories  high,  of  brick,  with 
stone   basement;  built    in    the    American 


school-rooms,  arranged  for  600  pupils,  and 
a  chapel  32  by  51  feet ;  cost  $25,000.  Many 
of  the  most  prominent  citizens  present — 
the  mayor,  clergymen,  judges,  lawyers, 
editors,  merchants.  Itwas  erected  by  the 
city  school  board,  at  city  expense  ;  the 
teachers  and  board  of  visitors  are  educated 
and  intelligent  colored  people. 

There  are  now,  besides  the  High  School 
above,  three  other  public  schools  for  col- 
ored children  in  Louisville,  affording  ex- 


cellent school  privileges  to  about  1,000 
children,  in  the  eight  grades.  The  taxes 
paid  by  colored  people  into  the  school  fund 
are  less  than  $2,000  ;  to  which  is  added,  in 
order  to  carry  on  their  schools,  more  than 
$3,000  yearly,  from  the  fund  for  white 
children. 

Oct.  7 — Destruction  by  fire,  at  Louis- 
ville, of  the  hemp  bagging  factory  of 
Richardson,  Henry  &  Co.,  the  oldest  in 
the  United  States  ;  manufacturing  capac- 
ity, 4,500  yards  of  bagging  and  4,500 
pounds  of  bale  rope  per  day  ;  150  persons 
thrown  out  of  employment.;  los«  $70,000, 
insurance  $42,750. 

Oct.  7— State  auditor  notifies  the  sheriffs 
that,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  cashing 
drafts  (caused  by  the  financial  panic), 
they  must  pay  the  State  revenues  only  in 
currency. 

Oct.  7— A  lady  dies  in  Estill  co.  whoso 
hair  measured  5  feet  8  inches  in  length. 

Oct.  7— An  apple-tree  on  the  farm  of 
David  Hunter,  near  Washington,  Mason 
CO.,  which  is  known  to  have  borne  a  full 
crop  of  June  apples  in  1795,  bore  a  good 
crop  also  in  1873,  when  at  least  85  years 
old  ;  it  looks  green  and  vigorous  still,  al- 
though bereft  of  many  of  its  branches  by 
a  storm  on  the  4th  of  July  last. 

Oct.  9 — Railroad  convention  at  Chicago 
to  promote  the  building  of  the  Chicago 
Air-Line  and  South  Atlantic  railroad,  de- 
signed to  cross  the  Ohio  river  at  Vevny, 
Indi.-ina,  and  pass  through  central  Ky. 
toward  Savannah,  Ga. 

Oct.  9 — A  body  of  armed  men  assault 
the  house  of  Thos.  J.  Peniston,  near  Port 
Royal,  Henry  co.,  damage  his  property  to 
a  considerable  extent,  and  declare  their  in- 
tention to  kill  him  if  they  can  get  hold  of 
him.  Warrants  have  been  issued  for  their 
arrest. 

Oct.  10— Between  12  and  1,  a.  m.,  5  men 
rode  into  Ciayvillage,  Shelby  co.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Shelbyville,  and  began  stoning  a 
house,  near  the  center  of  the  village,  oc- 
cupied by  a  negro  and  his  wife.  They 
fled  for  protection  to  the  residence  of  a 
'  'te  neighbor,  Samuel  Smith,  who  went 
to  their  assistance  and  was  shot  down  in 
his  tracks,  dying  two  days  after.  Oct.  16, 
7,  six  men  had  a  preliminary  trial,  charged 
lith  being  of  the  party,  and  one  of  them 
rith  having  fired  the  shot  which  killed 
mith  ;  3  were  held  for  further  trial.  The 
reign  of  terror  made  it  difficult  to  get  the 
esses  to  testify  ;  one  of  them  being  sent 
it  twice  for  refusing  to  tell  which  two 
le  prisoners  he  recognized  as  having 
been  present  at  the  shooting.  He  was  re- 
leased on  telling  the  court  privately  as  tv 
the  two  men. 

Oct.  10— At  the  sale  of  the  estate  of 
Samuel  Cahill,  dec'd.,  near  Maysville,  was 
sold  a  set  of  harness,  which  Wm.  Senten* 
y's  team  had  used  in  array  duty  in  the 
rar  of  1812,  and  which  Mr.  Cahill  pur- 
hased  after  Mr.  Senteney's  death  in  1833. 
The  harness  has  been  inconstant  but  care- 
use  for  60  years,  and  is  still  good  for 
eral  years'  wear. 


1873. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


24(5o 


Oct.  10— At  the  meeting  at  Covington  of 
-the  Presbyteriim  Synod  ofliy.  (North),  the 
report  on  Centre  College  stated  that  by  the 
robbery  of  the  Falls  City  Tobacco  Bank  at 
Louisville,  on  March  10,  1873,  "  over  $59,- 
000  worth  of  the  bonds  of  the  college  were 
stolen,  leaving  of  the  endowment  fund  only 
$33,000."  Under  "  this  uiipalling  calam- 
ity  it  was  resolved  to  iry  to  raise  $100,- 

000  to  repair  the  losses  sustained,  and  pro- 
vide other  means  for  more  successfully 
carrying  forward  the  interests  of  the  col- 
lege." The  vice-president,  R*v.  John 
Lapsley  McKce,  I).  D.,  was  m.ade  the 
agent  for  that  purpose,  and  reported  that 
he  had  raised,  in  6  months,  about  $106,- 
000  in  cash,  notes,  and  promised  legacies, 
nearly  all  in  Ky.;  and  his  prospects  for$50,- 
000  more  were  better  than  the  prospects  were 
in  the  beginning  for  $100,000.  The  com- 
mittee's report  in  reference  to  the  "  stolen 
bonds,"  stated  that  while  the  trustees 
"  formally  approved  and  ratified  the  action 
of  the  bank  in  ofi'ering  a  reward  of  25  per 
cent,  of  their  face  value  for  the  recovery  of 
the  bonds,"  yet  "  there  was  no  agreement, 
expressed  or  implied,  not  to  prosecute  the 
robbers,  or  to  make  no  effort  to  secure  their 
arrest  or  conviction."  "The  result  of 
these  efforts  has  been  the  securing  and  re- 
demption of  $52,000  worth  of  stolen  bonds, 
leaving  $7,000  not  yet  secured  ;  "  "  so  that 
we  now  have  in  possession  of  interest-bear- 
ing bonds  $70,400,  yielding  $4,839— 
against  $93,000  of  endowment  fund  on 
band,"  one  year  ago. 

Oct.  10— Chancellor  Jno.W.  Menzies  sus- 
tains as  constitutional  the  law  under  which 
the  people  of  Augusta,  Bracken  Co.,  voted 
to  tax  themselves  to  erect  a  school  house. 

Oct.  11— Ball  by  the  Italian  Brother- 
hood, at  Louisville,  in  commemoration  of 
the  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  Amer- 
ica by  Christopher  Columbus  in  1492. 

Oct.  11— De.ath  in  Bullitt  Co.,  aged  83. 
of  Mrs.  Sarah  Thomas,  last  surviving  child 
of  (Jen.  Henry  Crist,  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Ky.  in  1779. 

Oct.  12 — Wm.  Johnson,  a  colored  man, 
in  jail  at  Irvine,  Estill  Co.,  under  sentence 
of  court  of  5  years  in  the  penitentiary  for 
shooting  with  intent  to  kill,  is  rescued  by 
a  mob.  Oov.  Leslie  offers  $300  reward  for 
the  capture  of  the  convict,  and  $100  for  the 
apprehension  and  conviction  of  each  of  the 
persons  who  unlawfully  broke  the  jail  and 
rescued  the  prisoner. 

Oct.  12— At  Rev.  Dr.  Hall's  Presbyte- 
rian church  in  New  York  city,  the  com- 
munion service  was  administered  by  two 
distinguished  ministers  from  Scotland  and 
Prussia,  and  by  the  Episcopal  Assistant 
Bishop  Cummins  of  Ky.  The  latter  re- 
marked that  in  all  his  ministry  he  had 
never  before  communed  with  his  Presby- 
terian brethren,  but  that  this  should  not 
be  the  last  time. 

Oct.  13— Cincinnati,  C,  banks  resume 
currency  payments,  canceling  to-day  $165,- 
000  of  clearing-house  certificates,  $75,000 
more  to-morrow,  and  remaining  $225,000 
within  3  weeks.     Those  of  the  Louisville 


banks  which  suspended,  some  two  weeks 
ago,  "  to  gather  up  their  cash  means," 
have  already  resumed. 

Oct.  13— One-third  of  the  coal  now  used 

Oct.  13 — Bernard  Macauley's  new  thea- 
tre at  Louisville,  just  finished  at  a  cost  of 
$200,000,  opened. 

Oct.  14— Found  in  his  boat  5  mileii 
above  Plaquemine,  La.,  in  an  exhausted 
condition,  Jos.  Corwin  Cloud,  the  cham- 
pion oarsman,  who  recently  passed  down 
the  Ohio  river  on  a  trial  to  row,  by  canals 
and  rivers,  to  New  Orleans  ;  he  died  next 
day,  having  suffered  with  "  heavy  shakes  " 
for  4  or  5  days. 

Oct.  15 — Hog  cholera  prevailing  exten- 
sively in  Shelby,  Garrard,  and  other  coun- 

Oct.  15— Two  deaths  at  Louisville  from 
yellow  fever,  cases  brought  there  from 
Memphis. 

Oct.  15 — Gov.  Leslie's  proclamation 
makes  this  day  the  last  on  which  the  State 
will  pay  for  the  keeping  of  lunatics  by 
private individu.ils.  Oct.  17— 126  patients, 
75  males  and  51  females,  already  at  the 
new  lunatic  asylum  at  Anchorage  (built 
for  the  State  Reform  school). 

Oct.  15--Death  at  Washington  city, 
aged  69,  of  Col.  Wm.  H.  Russell ;  he  prac- 
ticed law,  when  a  young  man,  in  Nicholas 
CO.,  Ky.,  and  in  1830  represented  it  in  the 
legislature.  He  was  afterward  a  member 
of  the  legislature  of  Missouri,  U.  S.  mar- 
shal for  that  State,  1841-45,  and  U.S.  con- 
to  Santiago,  Cuba,  1861-65. 


Oct.  15— At  the  Indianapolis  (Ind.)  Ex 
isition,    Jas.  Truitt,  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky., 


was  awarded  5  premiums  ($95)  and  6  di- 
plomas, for  best  display  of  fruits  of  all 
kinds,  best  varieties  of  apples,  best  collec- 
tion of  nursery  stock,  etc. 

Oct.  16— At  7!4  p.  M.  a  terrible  gas  ex- 
plosion at  the  N.  w.  corner  of  the  City 
Hall,  in  Louisville,  which  upheaved  the 
flag-stones  (some  of  them  18  feet  long,  3 
feet  wide,  II  inches  thick)  for  60  feet  along 
6th  St.,  and  150  feet  along  Congress  alley 
—an  aggregate  weight  of  some  200  tons. 

Oct.  18—445  students  now  in  the  two 
medical  schools  of  Louisville — 220  in  the 
University  and  225  in  the  Louisville  Med- 
ical College  ;  in  the  former  111,  and  in  the 
latter  63,  are  from  Ky. ;  the  remainder  are 
from  23  other  States,  except  1  from  the 
Indian  Territory  and  2  from  British  Hon- 

Oet.  20— Lord  Skelmersdale,  of  Lanca- 
shire, England,  who  bought  a  cow  for 
$30,000  at  the  recent  great  sale  in  New 
York,  visits  B.  F.  Vanraeter,  of  Cl.ark  co., 
to  take  a  look  at  the  Rose  of  Sharon  herd 
owned  by  Mr.  V.  and  others.  Several 
fine  cattle  from  Clark  co.  were  shipped  to 
England,  last  spring. 

Oct.  20— It  appears  from  the  Last  audi- 
tor's report  that  there  are  19  counties  in 
Ky.  in  which  there  is  no  piano.  The  tax- 
able value  of  gold  watches  is  only  $290  in 
Powell  CO.,  but  $90,365  in  Jefferson  co. 

Oct.  20— First  snow  of  the  season. 


21(>J9 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1873. 


Oct.  20— Death  at  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
aged  75,  ..f  Valentine  C.  Githens.  He  was 
born  in  Nicholas  eo.,  Ky.,  Aug.  18,  1798, 
and  removed  to  ludianapolid  when  there 
was  but  one  house  there  j  he  assisted  in 
building  the  second  one. 

Oct.  20— Rev.  H.  A.  M.  Henderson,  D. 
D.,  as  State  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction, leooiumends  to  the  people  of 
Paris  (his  Inrlh-plaee)  and  Bourbon  Co., 
"  a  more  excellent  way  "  of  employing  the 
magnificent  fund  they  had  sui>scribed  to 
induce  the  location  at  Paris  of  the  new 
Central  University  (just  located  at  Kich- 
mond).  "I  am  well  satisfied  that  with 
the  encouragement  of  a  liberal  bomie,  the 
general  assembly  would  not  hesitate  to, 
at  once,  establish  the  much  needed  State 
Normal  College.  Let  those  who  subscribe 
to  Central  University  transfer  their  sub- 
scriptions to  this  enterprise,  and  ofl'er  the 
State,  at  the  approaching  session  of  the 
legislature,  $100,000  and  the  Garth  Fund 
— upon  condition  that  the  State  locate  the 
Normal  College  at  Paris  ;  and  I  prophesy 
that  they  will  secure  an  institution  ade- 
quate to  the  wants  of  the  people  in  the 
matter  of  education,  and  better  suited  to 
the  character  of  the  community  than  the 
one  they  have  just  lost." 

Oct.  21— Masonic  Grand  Lodge  of  Ky. 
in  session  at  Louisville.  The  Grand  Treas- 
urer's report  shows  the  resources  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  to  he  $112,060. 

Oct.  21,  22,  23— Kentucky  State  Sun- 
day School  Convention  in  session  at  Lan- 

bct.  23— Geo.  ATolfe,  a  wealthy  farmer, 
residing  3  miles  from  Hopkinsville,  assas- 
sinated when  in  bed,  at  9  p.  u. 

Oct.  24— A  band  of  about  30  disguised 
men,  at  night,  ordered  several  negro  fam- 
ilies, living  between  Augusta,  Bracken  CO., 
and  Minerva,  Mason  co.,  to  leave  the 
State  within  10  days,  under  penalty  of  be- 
ing hung  ;  they  declared  their  intention 
to  rid  Bracken  co.  of  negroes  by  Jan.  1, 
1874;  a  white  man  was  shot  by  them,  a 
leading  farmer  ordered  to  cease  employing 
negroes.  The  grand  jury  in  session  at 
Maysvillewere  directed  by  Judge  Stanton 
to  investigate  their  conduct  in  Mason  co. 

Oct  2o— Suspension  of  the  issue  of  the 
Le.Nington  Daily  Press;  to  be  continued  as 
a  tri-weekly. 

Oct.  25— Terrible  mortality  from  yellow 
fever,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  during  several 
weeks  past.  A  Louisville  physician,  D' 
"  lackburn, t 
of  the  sutfe 
of  Louisville,  and  some  elsewhere  in  Ky., 
have  subscribed  thirty  thousand  dollars  for 
the  sufi'erers. 

Oct.  27— Gen.  J.  J.  Roberts  engaged  in 
tunneling  on  the  farm  of  Larkin  J.  Proc- 
ter, adjoining  the  Mammoth  Cave  tract  of 
land,  for  a  "  hole  in  the  ground."  He  has 
opened  up  a  passage  way  to  some  large 
and  magnificent  domes,  and  hopes  to  get 
down  into  the  big  cave. 

Oct.  28— Annual  meeting  of  the  Odd 
Fellows'  Grand  Lodge  of  Ky.,  at  Coving- 


ton ;  over  200  delegates  present.  From 
the  annual  report  of  the  Grand  Master, 
John  C.  Underwood,  it  appears  that — 

The  revenue  receipts  of  the  Order  in  Ky. 
for  the  past  year  foot  up  $62,777  ;  expended 
of  this  sum  for  relief,  benevolence,  and 
charity,  $34,322;  number  of  brothers  re- 
lieved, 964 ;  widowed  families  relieved, 
267 ;  orphans  under  care  of  subordinate 
lodges,  595;  total  admissions  to  the  order, 
1,076;  total  demissions,  1,040,  showing  a 
small  gain  in  membership,  difi'used 
throughmit  a  great  number  of  new  lodges. 

Oct.  28— The  U.  S.  senatorial  committee 
on  transportation  visit  Louisville  to  exam- 
ine into  the  legal  and  commercial  status 
of  the  canal  at  the  falls. 

They  learned  that  the  canal  debt  out- 
standing is  $1,172,000— maturing  $373,000 
on  Jan.  1,  1876,  $399,000  in  1881,  and 
$400,000  on  Jan.  1,  1886,  and  most  of  the 
bonds  held  by  Kentuckians.  Their  quoted 
market  price  is  90  to  94  cents,  but  they 
could  not  probably  be  bought  up  at  less 
than  par.  There  are  only  five  shares  of 
stock  held  by  individuals,  who  are  the  di- 
rectors ;  they  receive  6  per  cent,  interest  on 
their  stock.  The  tolls,  once  80  but  now 
50  cents  per  ton,  will  he  needed  to  raise 
the  means  to  pay  the  bonds  maturing  Jan, 
1876.  The  directors  are  Joshua  F.  Speed, 
president,  J.  H.  Rhorer,  E.  Lockhart,  J. 
Vi.  Henning,  and  John  Caperton.  The 
president  receives  a  salary  of  $1,500  per 
year,  the  vice  president  $1,000.  the  book- 
keeper $1,500,  and  the  attorney  of  the 
company  $500. 

The  canal  is  2  and  1-lOth  miles  long, 
and  80  feet  wide,  and  at  the  bends  still 
wider;  the  locks  nearly  400  feet  by  80 
feet;  they  will  clear  boats  320  feet  long 
over  all  ;  there  are  2  new  locks,  in  the  en- 
tire canal  6  locks  ;  the  lift  of  the  first  lock 
in  the  new  canal  is  14  and  of  the  second 
12  feet;  the  others  lift  8  feet  each,  but 
there  are  only  3  which  are  properly  lift 
locks;  the  entire  fall  is  26  feet.  11  feet 
in  the  canal  will  make  8  feet  on  the  falls. 
In  passing  coalboals  the  tows  are  broken 
up  ;  6  are  taken  in  the  new  locks  (3  and  3 
abreast)  and  2  in  the  old  locks.  The  usual 
size  of  coal  barges  is  about  130  by  24  feet; 
the  rate  of  toll,  2  cents  per  foot  for  boats 
with  coal,  salt  and  iron,  and  for  produce 
boats  3  cents  per  foot. 

The  total  imports  at  Louisville,  by 
rail  and  river,  for  the  year  ending  March, 

1870,  were: $250,176,000 

And  the  total  exports 174,320,730 

Coal  received,  bushels 25,600,000 

Lumber  received,  feet 13,275,876 

Value  manufactured  products.     82,000  000 
Capital  invested  in  manufact- 
ures      31,650,000 

Increase   in  last  3  years,  18  to  20  per 

Oct.  28— Death  at  Shelbyville,  111.,  aged 
84,  of  Gen.  W.  F.  Thornton,  a  native  of 
Va.,  where  he  figured  as  editor  of  the 
Alexandria  Gazette,  and  a  general  in  the 
war  of  1812;  afterward  a  citizen  of 
Paris,  Ky.,    for  some  years.     His  neigh- 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


24Gq 


mourn  him  as    "  a  good   and    great 

Oct.  29— Death  at  Louisville,  from  ty- 
phoid fever,  of  Philip  Tomppert,  Sen., 
aged  65.  Ue  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Malmsheim,  kingdom  of  Wurtemberg,  Ger- 
many, June  21,  1808;  immigrated  in  1831 
to  Wheeling,  West  Va.,  and  in  1837  to 
Louisville ;  was  a  representative  in  the 
legislature,  1849  ;  and  mayor  of  Louisville 
for  3  years  between  1865  and  1869;  he 
filled  other  minor  offices  of  honor  and 
trust. 

Oct.  29— Earnings  of  Louisville,  Cincin- 
cinnati  and  Lexington  R.  R.  (Short  Line) 
for  quarter  ending  Sept.  30,  $343,207— 
the  largest  yet;  operating  expenses, 
$243,181,  or  70  85-100  per  cent.— the  least 
per  centum  since  the  consolidation  ;  net 
earnings  for  quarter,  $100,026. 

Oct.  30 — Citizens  of  Frankfort  have  sub- 
scribed $10,000  to  a  joint  stock  company 
for  manufacturing  purposes. 

Oct.  30— Prof.  N.  S.  Shaler,  State  geolo- 
gist of  Ky.,  in  a  letter  to  the  Frankfort 
Yeoman,  estimates  the  loss  of  land  to  Ky. 
by  the  wash  along  the  shore  of  the  Ohio 
river,  during  the  present  century,  at  25,- 
000  acres,  worth  $2,500,000;  and  demon- 
strates how  certainly  and  cheaply  it  may 
be  checked,  and  the  land  restored,  by 
planting  willows,  at  a  cost  of  not  over  $40 
per  mile  of  river  front. 

Oct.  31— The  contributions  from  Ky.  to 
the  yellow  fever  sufferers  at  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  and  Shreveport,  La.,  exceed  .$40,- 
000,  of  which  nearly  $30,000  is  from  Lou- 

Oct.  31— Aggregate  number  of  hogs- 
heads of  tobacco  inspected  at  Louisville 
during  the  year  ending  to-day  53,607; 
aggregate  value  of  sales  $5,776,983. 

Nov.  ]— T.  A.  Piner,  of  Pendleton  co., 
hns    raised   a   year   of  corn,  this    season. 


16' 


ches 


-The 


amber  of  qualified  voters 
in  Ky.,  as  ascertained  by  the  auditor  from 
the  assessors'  returns  for  1873,  is  288,320 
—of  which  241,195  are  whites,  and  47,125 
colored.  The  12  largest  and  12  smallest 
counties,  with  their  voters,  are: 

Jefferson 23,650  Martin 364 

Kenton 8,637  Menifee 413 

Fayette 7,453  Powell 533 

Campbell 6,376  Rowan 622 

Daviess 5,493  Lee 704 

AVarren 5,531  Wolfe 727 

Christian 4,461  Owsley 740 

Henderson 4,265  Bell 802 

Madison 4,226  Magoffin 824 

Logan 4,157  Letcher 843 

Graves 4,063  Elliott 882 

Mason 3,977  Perry 906 

82,289  8,360 

Nov.  1- The  20th  gr.ange  in  Ky.,  of  the 
Order  of  Patrons  of  Husbandry  organized, 
at  Brownsborough,  Oldham  co.  The  1st 
was  organized,  Sept.  20,  at  Pembroke, 
Christian  co. 

Nov.  1- Pulaski  co.  in  a  population  of 
17,670  in  1870,  has  now  190  residents  be- 


tween 75  and  102  years  of  age,  as  per  pub- 
lished list  in  Louisville  CommerciaL 

Nov.  3 — Augustin  Iturbide,  10  years 
old,  the  Emperor  Maximilian's  heir  to  the 
projected  Mexican  empire,  and  grandson 
of  the  emperor,  Augustin  I.  (de  Iturbide), 
arrives  in  Louisville — accompanied  by  his 
mother,  Madame  Iturbide,  under  escort  of 
Hon.  Thos.  H.  Nelson,  (a  native  of  Ky.) 
late  U.  S.  envoy  extraordinary  and  minis- 
ter plenipotentiary  to  Mexico,  Col.  Wm. 
Barron,  and  others. 

Nov.  5 — The  recent  "  panic  "  is  now  be- 
ing felt,  in  the  falling  off  of  business,  and 
the  reduction  of  number  of  hands  and 
shortening  of  time  in  many  large  manu- 
facturing establishments. 

Nov.  5— Death  in  Harrison  co..  aged  114, 
of  B.  F.  Martin;  he  had  resided  on  the 
same  farm  for  75  years,  and,  although  not 
on  the  pension  rolls,  is  said  to  have  been 
a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  and  probably 
the  last  surviving  soldier  of  that  war. 

Nov.  5 — At  the  agricultural  fair  in  Ma- 
son CO.,  West  Va.,  was  exhibited  an  origi- 
nal certificate  of  a  survey  made  by  the 
Ky.  pioneer  and  surveyor,  Daniel  Boone, 
while  he  was  a  temporary  resident  of  that 
region.     The  following  is  a  copy  : 

June  14,  1791. 

Laide  for  William  Allen  ten  acres  of 
Land  Situate  on  the  South  Este  side  of 
Cruked  Crik  in  the  county  of  Konhawwha 
and  bounded  as  follows  viz  Beginning  at 
a  red  oke  and  Hickury  thence  North  56 
West  23  poles  to  a  stake  thence  South  34 
West  58  poles  to  the  beginning. 

DANIEL  BOONE. 

Nov.  6— The  V.  S.  revenue  collected 
from  whisky  in  the  Lexington  district,  in 
3  years  8  months  prior  to  Oct.  1,  1873, 
was  $4,213,452  ;  on  the  whisky  now  in 
bond  will  be  collected,  within  12  months 
next,  $1,100,000. 

Nov.  6— A  meeting  of  soldiers  of  the 
Mexican  war  from  Bath  and  neighboring 
counties  held  at  Owingsville,  Bath  co. ; 
the  action  of  the  Louisville  convention  in- 

Nov.  6 — In  the  Lexington  election- 
judges  case,  in  the  U.  S.  circuit  court  at 
Louisville,  there  was  such  a  difference  in 
opinion  between  the  two  judges,  Emmons 
nd  Ballard,  as  to  the  law  points  already 
rgued,  that  further  argument  was  post- 
poned until  Nov.  28;  the  case  will,  upon 
difference  of  opinion,  be  certified  to 
U.  S.  supreme  court,  and  be  heard  there 


^ofe 


ov.  6 — From  the  "  Life  of  Archbishop 
Martin  J.  Spalding,"  by  his  nephew.  Rev. 
J.  Lancaster  Spalding,  just  published,  we 
ndense  the  following: 
When  only  14  years  old,  the  youth  was 
appointed  professor  of  mathematics  in  St. 
Mary's  College,  ne.ar  Lebanon.  He  was 
then  "  a  slender,  delicate  boy,  soft  and 
gentle  as  a  girl ;  "  soon  became  quite  fa- 
Father  Byrne,  believed  that  he  could 
any  problem  proposed  to  him.  Not 
.  Dougherty,  the  professor  of  mathc- 


2iQr 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


matics  at  St.  Joseph's  College,  Biirdstown, 
who  sneered  couteniptuously  at  the  high 
reputation  awarded  to  the  boy-professor. 
So,  at  the  next  examination  at  St.  Mary's, 
he  prepared  himself  with  a  set  of  difficult 
problems  purposely  to  catch  both  the  stu- 
dents and  the  young  professor.  Each 
time  the  boys'  failure  was  made  good  by 
their  brilliant  young  teacher,  and  the  vis- 
itor's triumphant  air  gradually  changed  to 
oneofmuto  astonishment. 

Young  Spalding  began  at  IB  his  studies 
for  the  priesthood;  and  while  in  attend- 
ance upon  the  Propaganda  at  Rome,  at  tl 
age  of  20,  in  a  public  discussion  with  son 
eminent    theolugi.ins    of  the  day,  he  d 
fended  a  lift  of  256  propositions  upon  the- 
ology and  canon  law.  <•  without  failing  oi 
hesitating  in  a  single  answer."     It  was  £ 
most  remarkable  mental  controversy. 

Nov.  7—7  stores  and  I  dwelling,  nearly 
all  the  business  portion  of  the  village  of 
Moscow,  Hickman  Co.,  destroyed  by  fire; 

loon,  by  two  strangers,  because,  having  no 
money,  they  were  refused  a  drink. 

Nov.  8— Suicide  steadily  increasing  in 
frequency,  in   Ky. 

Nov.  10— Death  of  Maj.  R.  W.  Ogden, 
at  Bowling  Green  ;  he  leaves  a  fortune  of 
over  $150,000,  of  which  all  but  $40,000 
goes  to  establish  a  free  school  in  that  city. 

Nov.  10— Wm.  L.  Jett,  school  commis- 
sioner of  Franklin  co.,  sues  for  a  manda- 
mus against  H.  A.  M.  Henderson,  super- 
intendent of  public  instruction,  to  compel 
him  to  sign  certain  orders  on  the  auditor 
for  the  sum  reserved  from  the  school  fund 
to  pay  for  Collins'  History  of  Kentucky, 
and  now  held  in  the  state  treasury,  accord- 
ing to  law,  to  pay  for  copies  of  said  work 
for  the  school  children  of  Franklin  co. 
The  suit  will  test  the  constitutionality  of 
the  .act  authorizing  payment  out  of  the 
school  fund  for  the  History  of  Kentucky 
purchased  by  the  State  for  the  use  of  the 
school  children. 

Nov.  10— Rt.  Rev.  George  David  Cum- 
mins, D.  D.,  in  a  letter  to  Bishop  Smith, 
resigns  the  office  of  assistant  Protestant 
Episcopal  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Ky., 
which  he  has  held  for  six  years,  and  with- 
draws from  the  communion  of  the  church. 
His  reasons  are— the  ritualism  practiced 
in  some  of  the  churches,  which  he  is  un- 
willing to  appear  to  "  sanction  and  in- 
dorse by  his  presence  and  official  acts," 
and  the  strong  censure  upon  his  recent  act 
of  communing  with  Christians  of  a  non- 
Episcopal  church  in  New  York  city  and 
the  dissension  likely  to  grow  out  of  this 


Nov.  10  to  16—0 
plate  of  a  metallic 
remove  the  remains 


ng  the  fa. 


1  to  anoiner  gravey 
— through  the  glass  was  seen,  perfect  as 
in  life,  except  that  the  nose  was  gone,  the 
face  and  features  of  a  two-year  old  child 
of  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Curran,  of  Clnysville,  Har- 
rison CO.,  which  had  been  buried  since 
July  6.  1855,  now  18  years  and  4  months. 
On  its  breast  were  two  full-blown  beauti- 


ful damask  roses,  which  as  rosebuds  were 
held  in  the  hand  of  the  child  when  dying, 
but  were  now  expanded,  and  with  leaves 
attached  still  fresh  and  green  as  ever. 
The  coffin  was  kept  disinterred,  without 
any  change  to  the  body,  for  a  week  ;  and 
was  visited  by  hundreds  of  citizens  to  see 
the  remarkable  case  of  flesh  and  flower 
preservation. 

Nov.  11 — In  the  Lewis  co.  circuit  court. 
Judge  Richard  H.  Stanton  overruled  a  mo- 

J.  Harrington,  for,  on  Oct.  16,  1870,  ma- 
liciously shooting  and  wounding  with  in- 
tent to  kill,  Columbus  Pettit;  on  the 
ground  that  he  had  been  illegally  set  at 
liberty  by  Judge  Bland  Ballard,  of  the  U. 
S.  district  court  at  Louisville,  on  an  ex 
parte  hearing  under  a  writ  of  habeas  cor- 
pus. Harrington  claimed  that  the  shoot- 
ing was  done  in  the  necessary  discharge  of 
his  duties  as  a  deputy  D.  S.  marshal— a 
defense  which,  if  proved,  would  have 
cleared  him  on  trial ;  but  he  was  lying  in 
prison  in  default  of  bail  which  he  refuted 
to  give,  when  taken  to  Louisville  before 
Judge  Ballard.  Nov.  25— Judge  Stanton 
dismissed  the  indictment. 

Nov.  11 — Organization,  under  the  re- 
cent act  of  the  legislature,  of  "  The  Mi- 
nctt  Orphan  Asylum  of  the  city  of  Louis- 
ville ;  "  to  erect  an  orphan  asylum  from  the 
proceeds  of  two  acres  of  ground  on  12th 
St.,  s.  of  Broadway,  and  $1,000— willed  for 
the  purpose  by  the  late  Julius  Cajsar  Mi- 
nett.  By  the  will,  it  must  be  open  to  ev- 
ery race,  condition,  and  color ;  it  will 
probably  be  made  an  asylum  for  colored 
orphans. 

Nov.  11 — Meeting  of  the  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation of  Central  University,  at  Richmond. 
The  committee  on  location— DeWitt  C. 
Collins,  Jos.  Chambers,  and  Richard  H. 
Collins — made  final  report,  showing  thesev- 
eral  proposals  for  the  location — 1.  From 
Richmond  $101,365,  in  cash  subscriptions 
and  accumulated  interest  to  Oct.  1 ;  2.  From 
Bardstown  $60,600,  of  which  in  cash  sub- 
scriptions $53,600,  real  estate  $7,000  ;  3. 
From  Paris  $140,000,  of  which  in  cash  sub- 
scriptions and  interest  $100,000,  in  guar- 
anteed building  fund  $10,000,  and  an  an- 
nual income  from  the  "  Garth  Fund  "  of 
$2,500,  valued  at  $30,000.  Total  vote  re- 
ceived and  counted,  404— for  Richmond 
217,  Paris  177,  Bardstown  10.  These  were 
cast  by  268  members  ;  145  voted  for  Rich- 
mond, 127  for  Paris,  and  10  for  Bards- 
town. $94,850  of  endowment  subscrip- 
tion was  represented  in  that  vote  ;  for 
Richmond  $53,775,  Paris  $39,725,  Bards- 
town $1,350.  30  votes  (28  for  Richmond, 
2  for  Paris)  not  counted,  because  irregu- 
larly cast  or  received  too  late.  Thus, 
Richmond  was  selected  as  the  place  of  lo- 
cation. The  location  was  formally  con- 
firmed, the  offer  of  the  citizens  of  Madison 
accepted,  and  5  trustees  and  7  curators 
elected.     An  elegant  banquet  followed  the 


mg. 


J 


1S73. 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


secretary  of  the  treasury,  lectures  in  Lou- 
isville on  •'  The  Finances,"  including  ob- 
servations on  the  working  of  the  treasury 
department,  and  the  civil  service. 

Nov.  12— Judge  Samuel  M.  Moore,  a  na- 
tive of  Bourbon  co.,  and  for  many  years  a 
resident  of  Covington,  Ky.,  where  after 
serving  six  years  as  circuit  judge,  and  on 
the  eve  of  being  re-elected  in  1862  he  was 
compelled  by  the  military  authorities  to 
withdraw  as  a  candidate  from  the  canvass 
under  threat  of  imprisonment— has  just 
been  elected  judge  of  the  superior  court  in 
Chicago,  Illinois,  by  10,852  majority.  He 
was  the  choice  of  the  bar  for  the  high  pos- 
Bition,  as  well  as  of  the  people. 

Nov.  12— Death  at  Burlington,  Iowa, 
aged  80,  of  Dr.  John  F.  Henry.  He  was 
&  native  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  and  represented 
Logan  district  in  congress  in  1826-27,  fill- 
ing a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  his 
brother  Robert  P.  Henry.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  and 
practiced  his  profession  in  Ky.,  Mo.,  III., 
and  Iowa.  In  Oct.  1813,  he  was  at  the 
battle  of  the  Thames ;  his  father,  as  a 
major  general,  commanding  one  wing  of 
the  U.  S.  army. 

Nov.  12  -Off  Taragona,  Spain,  a  seaman 
of  the  U.  S.  steamship  Alaska,  then  under 
full  headway,  fell  from  the  rigging,  some 
GO  feet,  into  the  sea,  but  striking  the  rail- 
ing as  he  went  overboard,  was  rendered 
insensible.  Midshipman  Lucien  Young, 
(of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,)  jumped  into  the  sea, 
Bwam  to  and  sustained  the  wounded  man 
until  the  steamer  could  be  stopped  and  a 
boat  sent  to  their  rescue.  The  captain 
commanding  issued  special  orders  applaud- 
ing the  heroic  act,  and  inviting  to  it  the 
attention  of  the  U.  S.  navy  department. 

Nov.  14 — The  Louisville  Courier-Jour- 
nalf  of  this  date,  publishes  the  details 
of  the  hanging,  by  a  mob,  on  Nov.  11, 
1865,  at  Booneville,  Owsley  co.,  of  'Squire 
Mosely,  for  the  murder,  in  Aug.  1863,  of 
young  Ohas.  Belknap,  and  then  robbing 
him  of  $1,500  in  money  and  his  horse.  An 
extraordinary  story  of  the  development  of 
''circumstances'*  into  the  most  positive 
proof. 

Nov.  15— Death  by  being  thrown  from 
his  buggy,  near  his  farm  5  miles  9.  of  Lou- 
ville,  of  Col.  Clarence  Prentice,  aged  33, 
only  surviving  son  of  the  late  Geo.  D. 
Prentice,  the  eminent  editor.  He  had 
graduated  in  both  law  and  medicine,  and 
had  practiced  the  latter  with  fine  success, 
but  preferred  farm  life  ;  had  traveled  ex- 
tensively in  Europe  and  America;  was  a 
talented  amateur  musician  ;  and  was  hos- 
pitable in  the  true  Kentucky  stylo.  He 
was  maturing  plans  for  publishing  a  vol- 
ume of  his  father's  poems. 

Nov.  17 — In  the  circuit  court  at  Lex- 
ington, a  man,  for  petit  larceny,  was  sen- 
tenced to  receive  39  lashes. 

Nov.  17— Excitement  against  Spain,  and 
sympathy  for  Cuba,  so  great,  because  of 
the  recent  horrible  butchery  of  the  cap- 
tives on  the  ship  Virginius,  that  Gov. 
Leslie  receives  the  offer  of  one  regiment 

i...m 


and   several   companies  of  volunteers, 
case    the    U.    S.     declares    war    again 

Nov.    17 — From    a   paper  prepared   by 


Nov.    17 — From    a   paper  pr 
Dr.  Ely  McClellan,  U.  S.  A., 


giving 


of  the  course  pursued  by  the 
aemic  of  cholera,  in  1873,  in  21  counties 
of  Ky.,  it  appears  that  the  deaths  from 
cholera  in  Paduc!ih  and  MeCracken  co., 
from  May  23  to  July  24,  were  180,  about 
120  of  them  negroes  and  35  foreigners. 
In  Bowling  Green,  between  July  19  and 
Aug.  10,  86  cases  occured,  66  of  them  fatal. 
In  Franklin,  Simpson  co.,  about  50  deaths 
occurred  between  June  12  and  June  28. 
In  Louisville,  21  deaths,  between  June  12 
and  Aug.  16,  and  several  others  before 
Sept.  8.  In  Elizabethtown,  Hardin  co., 
between  July  10  and  Sept.  2,  41  cases  oc- 
curred, 22  fatal^  besides  several  deaths  near 
the  town.  In  Maysville,  of  only  17  cases, 
11  were  fatal.  In  Lagrange,  Oldham  co., 
of  31  cases  between  July  7  and  July  29, 
15  were  fatal.  The  remaining  statistics 
illustrate  the  subject,  but  are  less  definite 
than  the  foregoing.  The  mortality  from 
cholera  among  negroes  was  far  greater 
than  among  the  whites. 

Nov.  18—45  granges  of  the  Patrons  of 
Husbandry  organized  in  Ky.,  in  last  two 
months.  Nov.  18,  19— State  Grange  or- 
ganized at  Frankfort. 

Nov.  19- — "  Extremes  sometimes  meet," 
even  in  newspaper  columns.  In  a  list  of 
7  births,  in  to-day's  Paris  True  Kentuck- 
ian,  are  two  whose  weights  were  1^^  and 
27i4  pounds  respectively— both  probably 
unparalleled. 

Nov.  25— Convention  of  colored  men  of 
Ky.  at  Frankfort.  Among  the  resolutions 
passed,  was  one  asserting  their  right  to  a 
reasonable  portion  of  the  offices  with  the 
white  portion  of  the  Republican  party,  and 
if  this  claim  be  ignored,  they  cease  to  be 
indebted  to  this  party  any  more  than  to 
any  other  party.  They  '•  demand  that  no 
citizen  be  denied  the  right  of  the  jury-bo.\ 

Nov.  26— Terrible  tragedy  in  the  court 
house  at  Harrodsburg,  during  session  of 
court.  Theodore  H.  Daviess,  Sen.,  and 
his  son  Larue,  killed,  and  another  son 
Theodore,  Jr.,  fatally  wounded  and  dies 
next  morning,  in  a  deadly  encounter  with 
Philip  B.  Thompson,  Sen.,  and  his  three 
sons,  Phil.  B.  Thompson,  Jr.,  John  K. 
Thompson,  Jr.,  and  Dr.  Daviess  M. 
Thompson.  Two  other  young  sons  of 
Theo.  H.  Daviess,  Sen.,  were  present,  but 
unarmed,  did  not  engage  in  the  fray,  and 
escaped  uninjured.  Each  of  the  Thomp- 
sons received  a  slight  wound,  except  Da- 
viess, whose  clothes  were  pierced  by  three 
bullets.  The  jailer.  Bud  Robards,  was 
slightly  wounded.  The  court  house  was 
crowded,  and  the  excitement  caused  by  the 
pistol-firing  was  intense,  and  scattered  the 
crowd  as  summarily  as  possible.  Neither 
judge,  bar  nor  lookers-on  "  stood  upon 
the  order  of  their  going."  The  cause  of 
the  fight  was  a  question  of  ver.acity  be- 
tween the  two  fathers,  in  a  suit  just  clos- 


2iGt 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKi". 


]S73. 


ing,  iu  which  they  wero  the  principal  wit- 
nesses. Both  were  prominent  families  and 
near  neighbors  in  the  town. 

Nov.  27 — 260  negroes  baptized  in  Paris. 
Nov.  28— Thanksgiving  day. 
Nov.    29— Louisville,    Cincinnati     and 
Lexington  R.  R.  Co.    decides    to    furnish 
half-fare  transportation  to  such  members 
of  the  legislature  as  apply  for  it ;  and  de- 
clines to  tender  the  customary  free  passes. 
Nov.  29— Death  at  Hopkinsville,  aged 
112,  of  Philip  Bell,  colored  ;  he  was  born  in 
Va.,  in  ITIil,  and  brought  to  Christian  co. 
about  1806. 

Dec.  1 — Lexington  Daily  Press  resumes 
publication. 

Dec.  1 — Extension  to  the  s.  bank  of  the 
Ohio  river  opposite  Cairo,  III.,  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi Central  R.  R.,110  miles  long. 

Dec.  1 — Regular  biennial  session  of  Ky. 
legislature  begins.  In  the  senate,  Lieut. 
Gov.  John  G.  Carlisle  presiding,  KenaiF. 
Prichard  was  elected  clerk,  John  L.  Sneed 
a.ssistant  clerk,  D.  D.  Sublett  sergeant-at- 
arms,  and  P.  B.  Turner  doorkeeper.  In 
the  house,  Jas.  B.  McCreary  was  elected 
speaker  (receiving  71  votes  and  Wm.  Brown 
18),  Micah  T.  Chrisman  clerk,  Thomas  S. 
Pettit  assistant  clerk,  Jas.  M;  Lobban 
sergeant-at-arms,  and  A.  G.  King  door- 
keeper. 

Dec.  1— The  new  General  Statutes  of 
Ky.  take  effect  to-day. 

Dec.  1— At  Hopkinsville,  at  four  ware- 
houses, 9,150  hhds.  tobacco  sold  during  the 
year  ending  to-day. 

Dec.  1— Rev.  M.  Bouchet,  vicar  general 
of  the  diocese  of  Louisville,  announces  his 
withdrawal  from  the  editorial  management 
of  the  Catholic  Advocate. 

Dec.  1 — At]]  p.  M.,  the  house  of  Mrs. 
Stamper,  of  doubtful  character,  on  Slate 
creek  near  Xurley's  Mill,  Montgomery 
CO.,  set  fire  to,  by  10  or  12  'disguised  men. 
She  extinguished  the  flames,  and  fired 
with  a  pistol  at  the  party  ;  one  of  whom 
returned  the  fire,  wounding  her  fatally 
with  buckshot.  She  was  buried  without 
a  coroner's  inquest;  and  up  to  Dec.  15,  no 
steps  had  been  taken  toward  arresting  the 
assassins. 

Dee.  1— The  following  statistics  for  1873 
are  from  the  auditor'.s  report  now  passing 
through  the  press.  They  are  compiled 
from  the  county  assessors'  repoi  ts,  and  give 
the  total  taxable  property  of  the  white 
and  black  population  separately  : 

WHITES. 

The  following  is  the  valuation  of  each 
item  of  taxation,  viz: 

Value. 

22,812,605  acres  of  land $214,869,477 

68,41P  town  lots 89,465,079 

364,480  horses  and  mares 20,244,176 

105,099  mules 6,353,702 

1,997  jennets 63,794 

705,921  cattle 6,359,928 

7,673  stores 18,852,106 

Under  the  equalization  law...     43,095,725 
Pleasure  carriages,  barouches, 
buggies,  stages,  gigs,  coach- 
es, omnibuses,  and  other  ve- 


hicles for  passengers 1,625,730 

Gold,  silver,  and  other  metalic 

watches  and  clocks 1,120,069 

Gold  and  silver  plate 347,100 

Pianos 898,082 


Total  value  as  above $403,296,567 

Tax  at  45  cents  on  the  $100 1,814,834 

Number, 

White    males    over   21    years  248,544 

Qualified  voters 241,191 

Enrolled  militia 195,881 

Children  bet.  6  and  20  years...  .349,644 

Hogs  over  six  months  old 964,784 

Studs,  jacks,  and  bulls  (and 

rates  per  season  at  $17,737)  2,368 

Tavern  licenses,  at 857 

Free  whites,  blind 228 

Free  whites,  deaf  and  dumb...  294 

Dogs  over  two  (2) 1,541 

Sheep  killed  by  dogs 20,210 

Value  of  sheep  killed  by  dogs  $59,935 

Pounds  of  tobacco 158,184,929 

Pounds  of  hemp 21,375,306 

Tons  of  hay 151,832 

Bushels  of  corn 65,052,002 

Bushels  of  wheat 5,007,097 

Bushels  of  barley 332,007 

Tons  of  pig  metal 40,151 

Tons  of  bloom 1,004 

Tons  of  b.w  iron 878 

NEGBOKS. 

The  following  is  the  valuation  of  each 
item  of  taxation,  viz  : 

Value. 

123,564  acres  of  land ..$1,103,893  00 

4,561  town  lots , 1,491,025  00 

14,395  horses  and  mares 655,090  00 

2  781  mules 160,969  00 

67  jennets 1,381  00 

11,674  cattle 31,713  00 

45  stores 8,160  00 

Under  the  equalization  law...        96,529  00 
Pleasure  carriages,  biirouches, 

buggies,     stages,     coaches, 

gigs,  omnibuse:.,  and  other 

vehicles  for  passengers 10,623  00 

Gold,  silver,  and  other  metalic 

watches  and  clocks 8,476  00 

Gold  and  silver  plate 296  00 

Pi-anos 8S5  00 

Total  value  as  above $3,569,040  00 

Tax  at  25  cents  on  the  $100...  8,922  06 


Black  males  over  21  years... 

Qualified    voters 

Children  bet.  6  and  20  years... 

Hogs  over  6  months  old 

Studs,  jacks,  and  bulls  (and 
rates  per  season  at  $     ).... 

Tavern  licenses,  at 

Free  blacks  that  are  blind... 

Dogs  over  two  (2) 

Sheep  killed  by  dogs 

Value  of  sheep  killed  by  dogs 

Pounds  of  tobacco 

Pounds  of  hemp 

Tons  of   hay 

Bushels  of  corn 

Bushels  of  wheat 

Bushels  of  barley 


45,604 
41,125 
41,289 


140 


97 

$202  00 

11,468,236 

329,000 

388 

2,338,322 

78,907 

1,42 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


Dec.  1— Steamer  Fleetwood  makes  the 
run  from  Cincinnati  to  Huntington,  West 
Va.,  159  measured  miles,  in  14  hours  35 
minutes — an  average  of  10.9  miles  per 
hour  up  stream. 

Dec.  2— Continuation  since  Nov.  25,  in 
the  Louisville  Courier-Journal,  of  the  com- 
munications and  controversy  about  the 
"Gait  House  tragedy"  of  Dec.  15,  1838, 
when  two  brothers  from  Mississippi,  Judge 
and  Dr.  Wilkerson,  and  their  companion 
from  Richmond,  Va.,  John  Murdaugh,  were 
attacked  in  the  office  of  that  hotel,  in  Lou- 
isville, where  they  were  guests,  by  John 
W.  Redding,  — .  Rothwell,  — .  Meek,  Wm. 
Holmes,  Henry  Oldham,  Wm.  Johnson, 
and  5  or  7  others  ;  and  in  self-defense 
killed  Rothwell  and  Meek,  and  wounded 
2  others,  and  were  themselves  wounded  and 
mobbed.  Their  trial,  by  change  of  venue 
granted  by  the  legislature,  took  place  at 
Harrodsburg  in  March,  1839;  and  the  jury 
acquitted  them,  after  being  out  but  a  few 
minutes.  They  were  prosecuted  by  the 
commonwealth's  attorney  and  Hon.  Ben. 
Hardin;  and  defended  by  Hon.  John 
Rowan,  Col.  Wm.  Robertson,  Col.  Samuel 
Daveiss,  John  B.  Thompson,  Chas.  M. 
Cunningham,  Jas.  Taylor,  and  C.  M. 
Wickliffe,  and  by  the  brilliant  Mississippi 
orator  Hon.  Sergeant  S.  Prentiss.  It  was 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  the  crimi- 
nal trials  of  America. 

Dec.  2— Meeting  in  New  York  city  of 
clergymen  and  laymen,  who  organize 
as  "The  Reformed  Episcopal  Church," 
upon  the  basis  of  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer  of  1785,  and  with  Rt.  Rev.  Geo. 
D.  Cummins,  D.  D.,  of  Ky.,  as  presiding 

Dec.  2— Col.  Benj.H.Bristow,  of  Louis- 
ville (formerly  of  Hopkinsville),  nomina- 
ted by  President  Grant  as  U.  S.  attorney 
general — in  case  the  present  attorney  gen- 
oral  Williams  be  confirmed  as  chief  justice 
of  the  U.  S. 

Dee.  2 — Gov.  Leslie's  annual  message 
announces  that  the  state  debt  of  Ky.,  is 
virtually  liquidated  in  full ;  excepting  the 
school  debt,  which  by  the  constitution  is 
made  a  permanent  loan  and  not  redeema- 
ble.    On   Oct.    10,    1872,  the  outstanding 

bonded  debt  of  the  State  was $966,394 

Paid  before  Oct.  10, 1873. .$435,000 

Paid  since  "  200,000-635,000 

Leavingyet  unredeemed  only $331,394 

To  meet  which  the  sinking  fund  commis- 
missioners    have  deposited  in  New  York 
city  $350,000  in  U.  S.  5-20  bonds. 
Revenue    receipts    for   year 

ending  Oct.  10, 1873. ..$1,032,522  17 
Expenditures    during     same 

year 1,182,601  48 

Expenditures  over  receipts $150,079  31 

Deficit  previous  to  Oct  10,72...  365,366  67 

[Total  deficit,  paid  from  sink- 
ing fund] $515,445  98 

Dec.  2— Over  8,000  turkeys  shipped  from 
Paris  to    Boston,  since  Nov.  10,    by  two 


firms  ;  and  about  the  same  number  from 
Maysville,  by  one  house. 

Dec.  3--Aracrican  Short-Horn  Conven- 
tion in  session  at  Cincinnati;  many  lead- 
ing Ky.  breeders  present. 

Dec.  3 — Augustus  and  Anselm  C.  Shrop- 
shire, of  Bourbon  co.,  bring  suit  in  Cin- 
cinnati r«.  Geo.  W.  Rusk,  proprietor  of 
the  Chicago  Live  fitock  Journal,  for  libel 
— attacking  their  character  as  short-horn 
breeders  ;  damages  claimed,  $20,000. 

Dec.  3— Meeting  at  Louisville  of  direc- 
tors of  Cumberland  and  Ohio  railroad. 
Engineer  reported  cost  of  completing  grad- 
uation and  masonry  from  Lehandn  to 
Greensburg,  30  miles,  including  tunnel 
through  Muldrow's  Hill,  $118,200 ;  and 
from  Shelbyville  to  Taylorsville,  16  miles, 
$77,100 ;  lb  miles  from  ScottviUe,  Allen 
CO.,  to  Tennessee  State  line,  just  put  under 
contract  at  lower  rates  than  any  portion  of 
the  road;  and  24  miles  in  Barren  county 
ordered  to  be  put  under  contract. 

Dec.  3— A  white  man,  convicted  last 
week  of  petty  larceny,  at  Lexington,  re- 
ceives ten  lashes  in  jail — probably  the  laet 
legal  whipping  to  disgrace  the  Slate,  as 
whipping  for  crime  was  abolished  by  the 
new  General  Statutes  which  went  into  ef- 


fect < 


Dec.  3— Great  storm  of  v/indand  rain  in 
northern  and  middle  Ky.  ;  Benson  and 
other  creeks  higher  than  for  many  years  ; 
saw- logs  and  lumber  swept  off,  and  sev- 
eral barns  and  other  houses  blown  down. 

Dec.  3,  4— Convention  at  Louisville  of 
the  North  American  Bee  Keepers' Society  ; 
Gen.  D.  L.  Adair,  of  Ky.,  elected  corre- 
sponding secretary. 

Dec.  4— Terrible  hurricane  in  K.  part  of 
Clinton  co.  and  w.  part  of  Wayne  co. ; 
several  dwellings,  and  a  number  of  barns 
and  stables  unroofed  and  badly  injured, 
the  timber  torn  down  for  miles  in  extent, 
and  some  stock  killed. 

Dec.  4— Death  at  Paris,  aged  87,  of  John 
Rootes  Thornton,  the  oldest  member  of  the 
Paris  bar  ;  was  born  in  Caroline  co.,  Va., 
Nov.  4,  1786  ;  removed  with  his  father. 
Col.  Anthony  Thornton,  in  1808,  to  Bour- 
bon CO.,  Ky. ;  practiced  law  from  1810  un- 
til prevented  by  broken  health  a  few 
years  ago  ;  representative  in  the  legisla- 
ture for  one  year,  1812,  and  senator  for 
eight  years,  1829-37. 

Dec.  5 — Two  negroes,  Lindsay  Brown 
and  Levi  Clapp,  hnug  at  Blandville,  Bal- 
lard CO.,  for  rape  on  a  married  woman,  on 
Aug.  13,  1873  ;  a  third  negro,  charged  with 
same  offense,  is  in  jail  a.vaiting  his  trial  ; 
they  were  saved  from  death  by  Lynch  Ikw 
at  the  bands  of  75  armed  men  Who  searched 
the  jail,  by  having  been  recently  run  off 
to  Paducah  jail  for  safe- keeping. 

Dec.  6 — Democratic  State  conventioQ 
called  to  meet  at  Frankfort,  Feb.  18,  1874, 
to  nominate  a  candidate  for  clerk  of  the 
court  of  appeals. 

Dec.  7— The  Ky.  house  of  representa- 
tives, by  64  to  38,  adopted  this  resolution, 
offered,  yesterday,  by  George  Morgan 
Thomas  ; 


2461- 


ANNALS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


1873. 


"  Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  be  requested  not  to  pay 
for  Collins'  History  or  Kentucky,  as 
authorized  by  a  former  act  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, until  compelled  to  do  so  by  a  court  of 

[If  the  houseof  representatives  desires 
to  initiate  an  aetof  repudiation,  it  is  espec- 
ially appropriate  to  begin  with  a  histori- 
cal work  to  which  a  former  Legislature  gave 
encouragement  and  contracted  to  give  to 
it  substantial  aid,  and  which  should  faith- 
fully record  at  once  the  glory  and  the  «Aamc 
of  the  proud  old  Commonwealth  I  It  is 
but  just  to  record  here  that  the  senate  de- 
feated the  resolution  ;  and  that  if  it  had 
passed  both  houses,  the  governor  would 
promptly  have  vetoed  it.] 

Dec.  7 — A  train  of  45  cars,  carrying  2,- 
250  hogs,  passes  Frankfort  for  Louisville. 

Dec.  8 — U.  S.  house  of  representatives 
passes,  bv  149  to  29,  a  bill  to  repeal  the 
iron-clad  or  test  oath  of  1862,  and  to  re- 
move all  remaining  political  disabilities 
imposed  by  the  XlVth  amendment  to  the 
U.  S.  constitution.  [This  will  include 
Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge,  Gen.  John  B. 
Hood,  and  other  Kentuckians,  resident 
and  non-resident.] 

Dec.  8 — Bill  before  congress  to  make 
Covington  a  port  of  entry  and  delivery. 

Dec.  8— John  Thompson  Gray,  of  Lou- 
isville, appeals  to  the  Legislature  to  reduce 

that  city,  claiming  that  the  clerks*  costs, 
by  "  splitting  orders,"  are  multiplied  sev- 
eral times  in  an  illegal  manner.  In  three 
insurance  cases  in  the  chancery  court,  the 
aggregate  costs  to  date  amount  to  $83,000. 
The  oCScers  of  that  court  receive  in  fees— 
the  clerk  about  $20,000,  marshal  and  com- 
missioner each  about  $12,000,  and  receiver 
about  $4,000  ;  whereas  the  chancellor  and 
vice  chancellor,  men  of  far  higher  qualifi- 
cations, receive  only  $3,000  each  from  the 
State  and  $1,000  from  the  city. 

Dec.  9— Maj.  Philip  Speed,  of  Louis- 
ville, introduces  to  the  school  board  of 
Cincinnati  his  plan  for  improving  the 
school  books  for  our  public  schools  :  Let 
congress  .authorize  the  Department  of  Ed- 
ucation or  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  to 
offer  premiums  for  the  best  elementary 
books  on  each  branch  commonly  taught ; 
and  appoint  a  commission  of  the  best  edu- 
cators to  pass  judgment  on  such  as  may 
be  offered — the  selected  books  to  be  offered 
to  the  publishers  free  of  copy-right.  The 
object  is  to  secure  cheapness,  and  prevent 
the  frequent  changes  in  text-books  now 
made  in  the  interest  of  publishers  and 
dealers. 

Dec.  9— Henry  Bergh,  originator  and 
president  of  the  first  society  in  America 
fur  prevention  of  cruelty  to  animals  lec- 
tures in  Louisville. 

Dee.  10— City  of  Louisville  cLiims  back 
taxes  on  $1,000,000  property  of  the  Louis- 
ville and  Portland  Canal  Co.  ;  which  the 
latter  disputes  as  to  all  over  $100,000. 

Dec.  10— Debate,  at  Port  Royal,  Henry 
CO.,  of  the  proposition  "  Baptism  of  peni- 


tent believers  is  in  order  to  remission  of 
sins."  Elder  I.  B.  Grubbs,  of  the  Re- 
formed or  Christian  church,  affirms,  and 
Rev.  A.  C.  Caperton,  D.  D.,  of  the  Baptist 
church,  and  editor  of  the  Louisville  West- 
ern   Recorder,  denies. 

Dec.  10— The  bonded  debt  of  Bowling 
Green  is  $129,226. 

Deo.  11 — Marriage,  at  Harrodsbnrg,  of 
Gen.  Wm.  W.  Belknap,  U.  S.  secretarv  of 
war,  to  Mrs.  Amanda  T.  Bower,  daughter 
of  the  late  Dr.  John  A.  Tomlinson.  The 
bride,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  ele- 
gant of  Kv.  ladies,  was  given  away  by 
the  Hon.  Geo.  H.  Pendleton,  of  Cincin- 
nati 0. 

Dec.  12 — Cincinnati  Southern  railroad 
lino  located  from  South  Danville  (Shelby 
city),  Lincoln  CO.,  to  Chitwood,  Tenn.,  80 
miles,  on  the  Burnside  military  survey  ; 
and  the  tunnel  (over  4,000  feet  long,  and 
to  cost  $163,000)  through  King's  Moun- 
tain, in  Lincoln  co.,  12  miles  s.  of  Stan- 
ford, let. 

Dec.  13— Col.  Wm.  H.  Herndon,  a  law 
partner  of  the  late  President  Abraham 
Lincoln,  delivered,  this  evening,  at  Spring- 
field, III.,  a  most  remarkable  lecture  ;  in 
answer  to  a  lecture  delivered,  in  July, 
1873,  in  the  same  city,  by  Rev.  James  A. 
Reed  and  published  in  Scribners  Mojithly 
for  July— who  claimed  that  "  there  is  well 
authenticated  evidence  of  Mr.  Lincoln 
having  been  born  in  wedlock,  and  being  a 
believerin  Christianity,"  (both  of  which 
claims  Col.  Herndon  emphatically  dispu- 
ted and  very  strongly  argued  to  the  con- 
trary.) He  says  he  took  a  copy  of  the 
original  record  in  the  family  Bible  of 
Thomas  Lincoln,  father  of  the  late  Presi- 
dent. "  The  most  of  that  record,  if  not 
the  whole  of  it,  was  in  the  handwriting  of 
Abraham  Lincoln,  who  would  have  re- 
corded the  marriage  if  true.  It  fails  to 
state  that  Thomas  Lincoln  and  Nancy 
Hanks  were  ever  married  ;  and  yet  it  does 
not  fail  to  state  the  marriage  o'f  Thomas 
Lincoln  and  Sarah  Bush,  Thomas  Lincoln's 
second  wife.  It  commences  or  opens  thus  : 
'Nancy  Lincoln  was  born  February  12, 
1807,'  and  concludes  thus:  'Nancy,  or 
Sarah  Lincoln,  daughter  of  Thomas  Lin- 
coln, was  married  to  Aaron  Grigsby,  Au- 
gust, 1836.'  It  says  also:  'Abraham 
Lincoln,  son  of  Thomas  Lincoln  and  Nancy 
Lincoln,  w.as  born  Feb.  12,  1809.'"  Col. 
H.  says  bethinks  the  omission  of  Abraham 
Lincoln  to  record  the  marriage  of  Thomas 
Lincoln  and  Nancy  Hanks.  "  one  link  in 
the  chain  of  evidence  in  favor  of  those 
who  thought  and  argued  that  Abraham 
Lincoln  was  illegitimate — the  child  of 
Abraham  Enlow." 

On  the  other  point,  Col.  Herndon  says: 
"  I  affirm  that  Mr.  Lincoln  died  an  unbe- 
liever—was not  an  evangelical  Christiau. 
It  is  admitted  on  all  hands  that  Mr.  Lin- 
coln once  was  an  infidel;  that  he  wrote  a 
small  book,  or  essay,  or  pamphlet  against 
Christianity  ;  and  that  he  continued  nn 
unbeliever  until  late  in  life.  Col.  Jas.  H. 
Matheny  had   often    told  him  (Herndon) 


1873. 


ANNALS  OF  KENTUCKY. 


246W 


that  Mr.  Lincoln  was  an  infidel ;  and  never 
intimated  that  ho  believed  that  Mr.  Lincoln 

in  his  later  life  became  a  Christian 

I  have  often  said  that  Mr.  Lincoln  was  by 
nature  a  deeply  religious  man,  and  I  now 
repeat  it,  I  have  often  said  he  was  not  a 
Christian,  and  I  now  repeat  it.  He  was 
not  an  unbeliever  in  religion,  but  was  as 
to  Christianity.  Mr.  Lincoln  was  a  the- 
ist." 

After  quoting  the  opinions  of  various 
persons  to  show  that  Mr.  Lincoln  experi- 
enced no  change  of  heart,  Col.  Herndon 
quotes  a  conversation  he  had  with  Mrs. 
Lincoln  after  her  husband's  death  :  "  Mr. 
Lincoln  had  no  hope  and  no  faith,  in  the 
usual  acceptation  of  thousands.  His 
maxim  and  philosophy  were,  '  What  is  to 
be  will  be,  and  no  cares  (prayers)  of  ours 
can  arrest  the  decree.'  Ho  never  joined 
any  church.  He  was  a  religious  man  al- 
ways, as  I  thinlt.  He  first  thought— to 
say  think — about  this  subject  when  Willie 
died;  never  before.  He  read  the  Bible  a 
good  deal,  about  1864.  He  felt  religious, 
more  than  ever  before,  about  the  time  when 
he  went  to  Gettysburg.  He  was  not  a 
technical  Christian." 

[A  correspondent  of  the  Louisville  Com- 
mercial says,  upon  the  authority  of  a  con- 
versation with  Capt.  Samuel  Haycraft,  of 
Elizabethtown,  Hardin  co.,  that  Tbomas 
Lincoln  [then  generally  pronounced  Link- 
horn]  and  Nancy  Hanks  were  married  in 
that  county ;  that  "  Abraham  Lincoln  bore 
a  striking  resemblance  to  Abe  Enlow,  and 
a  great  many  believed  that  he  was  his 
father,  although  he  (Enlow)  was  only  17 
years  old  at  the  time  of  Lincoln's  birth."] 

Dec.  U— Death  at  Lexington,  from  con- 
gestion of  the  lungs,  of  Chas.  B.  Thomas, 
circuit  judge,  aged  50.  Judge  T.  was  a 
native  of  South  Carolina  ;  educated  at  the 
Bloomington  (111.)  State  University  ;  grad- 
uated at  the  Transylvania  Law  School,  and 
practiced  law  in  Lexington  ;  was  city 
judge  for  several  years  ;  a  colonel  in  the 
Confederate  army;  and  in  1868  elected 
circuit  judge  for  six  years,  which  term 
would  expire  in  Sept.  1874. 

Dec.  15— In  June,  1867,  Wm.  P.  King 
and  Abraham  Owens  were  convicted  of  the 
murder  of  Harvey  King,  a  brother  of  the 
former,  and  hung;  on  the  gallows,  both 
men  repeatedly  and  solemnly  averred  their 
innocence,  and  called  upon  God  to  witness 
that  they  told  the  truth.  It  now  appe^irs 
that  a  man  named  Evans,  who  was  recently 
lynched  in  Kansas,  confessed  that  he  had 
once  committed  a  murder  in  Ky.  for  which 
two  men  were  hung;  it  is  believed  that  he 
referred  to  the  above  case. 

Dec.  16—116  granges  of  the  Patrons  of 
Husbandry  organized  in  Ky.  to  date,  and 
9,297  in  the  U.  S. 

Dec.  16— Col.  William  G.  Terrell,  the 
Covington  and  Newport  reporter  of  the 
Cincinnati  Commercial,  stabbed  in  the  ab- 
domen, a  painful  and  dangerous  wound, 
by  Thos.  P.  Francis. 

Dee.  17— A  bill  to  take  the  sense  of  the 
people  of  Ky.  oa  calling  a  convention  to 


form  a  new  constitution  passes  the  legisla- 
ture—in the  senate  by  23  to  11,  and  in  the 
house  by  58  to  38.  The  Republican  mem- 
bers all  voted  for  it,  21  in  the  house  and  6 
in  the  senate. 

Dec.  1 7— An  act  in  aid  of  common  schools 
approved  ;  designed  to  remedy  somewhat 
tlie  blunder  of  many  trustees  in  making 
contracts  for  teaching  beyond  what  the 
distributable  school  fund  (in  which  "  an 
unanticipated  decrease"  has  occurred)  will 
pay  for.  It  shortens  the  school  term.-,  to 
4  and  2^  months,  and  authorizes  the  pay- 
ment of  certain-school  claims  out  of  the  (gen- 
eral treasury)  "  revenue  proper."  [thus 
it  seems  that  trustees  (carelessly,  or  igno- 
rantly)  contract  to  pay  out  of  the  school 
fund  more  than  they  have  any  legal  right 
to  do,  and  the  legislature  makes  up  from 
the  general  treasury  the  deficiency  tbus 
caused;  but  a  contract  made  by  a  former 
legislature  "  for  the  use  of  the  children  of 
the  common  schools "  is  forbidden,  by 
part  of  the  same  legislature,  to  be  carried 
out  "unless  compelled  by  a  court  of  com- 
petent jurisdiction."  'The  former  action 
was  liberal  and  right,  for  this  onco  ;  but 
the  latter  was  disgraceful  to  the  State,  and 
unjust  to  the  party  with  whom  the  con- 
tract was  made.] 

Deo.  20— From  the  catalogue  for  1874 
of  Berea  College,  in  Madison  oo.,  it  ap- 
pears that  287  students  are  now  in  attend- 
ance—106  white  and  181  colored  ;  of  tho 
whites,  70  are  male  and  36  female;  while 
there  are  106  colored  males  and  75  colored 
females.  15  white  and  19  colored  students 
are  not  from  Ky.  There  are  16  teachers, 
but  how  many  of  each  color  not  stated. 
The  buildings  are  among  the  finest  for 
educational  purposes  in  the  State. 

Dec.  20— By  an  act  of  the  legislature,  a 
diploma  from  the  law  department  of  tho 
University  of  Louisville  has  the  same  ef- 
fect as  a  license  to  practice  law. 

Dec.  20 — An  interesting  newspaper  ar- 
ticle revives  the  recollection  of  Gen.  Zebu- 
Ion  M.  Pike,  who  was  killed  in  1813, 
while  capturing  the  British  stronghold,  ar- 
senal and  storehouse  of  York  in  Upper 
Canada,  and  in  honor  of  whom  Pike  oo. 
was  named  in  1821.  His  remains  lie  bur- 
ied in  the  little  I'amilv  graveyard,  on  the 
bank  of  the  Ohio,  in  its  "  North  Bend,"  in 

The  monument  a  few  miles  from  Louis- 
ville, over  the  remains  of  Maj.  Gen.  Zaeh- 
ory  Taylor,  who  died  while  U.  S.  presi- 
dent, is  said  to  be  sadly  out  of  order. 
[Would  not  the  State  do  an  act  of  compara- 
tive justice,  and  respect  the  settled  public 
sentiment,  by  removing  the  remains  of 
these  great  soldiers  to  the  State  Cemetery, 
and  erecting  to  each  a  suitable  monument?] 

Dec.  20 — Nathan  Marx,  a  merchant  from 
Evansville,  Ind.,  murdered  by  Thomas  L. 
Sullivan,  railroad  agent  and  merchant  at 
"The  Narrows"  station  on  the  Elizabeth- 
town  and  Padueah  railroad,  while  asleep 
in  bed  at  the  house  of  the  latter. 

Dec.  22 — Legislature  adjourns  to  Jan. 
5,  over  the  holidays. 


246x 


ANNALS  OF  KENTDCKT. 


Dec.  22— Gov.  T.  A.  Hendricks,  of  Indi- 
una,  pardons  John  M.  Carlisle  (aged  65) 
and  his  eon  Cyrus  Carlisle  (aged  43)  citi- 
zens of  Hopkins  eo.,  Ky.,  now  in  the  In- 


pris 


DO   3, 


1867,  for  life,  for  tho  alleged  murder  of 
Lieut.  T.  Y.  Hampton,  U.  S.  A.,  while 
being  conveyed  from  Indiana  to  Ky.  to  be 
tried  for  the  murder  of  a  son  and  brother 
of  the  above  and  others,  during  the  latter 
part  of  the  war.  It  now  appears  that  not 
they,  but  two  others,  were  the  guilty  ones. 
Lieut.  H.  and  his  command  had  been 
guilty  of  some  most  atrocious  murders  of 
citizens. 

Dee.  25— John  Pettit,  at  6  p.  M.,  while 
riding  on  horseback  through  the  town  of 
Princeton,  Caldwell  co.,  had  some  fire- 
crackers thrown  at  him  by  small  boys, 
and  drew  a  pistol  and  fired  into  the 
crowd,    killing  Charley  Scott,    i    lad    of 


12   yc 

rs.     The 

examining    trial    proved 

that  P 

under    the    influence    of 

'zz. 

he  was 

held  to  bail,  in  $15,000. 

29-Rev 

Stuart  Robinson,  D.  D., 

lectures  in  Loui 

ville,  giving  his  personal 

experience  in  a 

hree  months'  tour  through 

Southe 

rn  Europ 

e,  Lower  Egypt,  and  Pal- 

estine. 

Dec. 

30-Jni 

1  of   Oldham    CO.,    at  La- 

grange 

,  set  on  Are  by  a  negro  prisoner,  and 

burned 

Deo 

30— The 

Ohio  River  Bridge  Co.,  at 

Louisv 

lUe,    declares    a    6    per   cent,  divi- 

dend. 

Dec 

30  to  Ja 

a.  9— Examining  trial  of 

Philip 

B.  Thorn 

)Son,  Sen.,  and  hij  three 

barged  w 

th  the  homicide  of  Theo- 

dore'H 

.  Daviess 

and  two  of  his  sons,  on 

Nov.   26.     The 

sons  discharged,  but  the 

father 

bound  ov 

r  in  $5,000  to  the  circuit 

THE  FIRST  SMALL  CURKEXCY  IN  KENTUCKY. 

The  early  settlers  of  Kentucky  experienced  a  difficulty  common  to  all  newly- 
settled  countries — that  of  making  "change."  Tlie  skins  of  raccoons  and  other 
animals  constituted  the  first  currency.  It  was  not  Ions,  however,  before  the 
tide  of  immigration  brought  in  a  small  supply  of  silver  coin.  This  was  usually 
in  the  shape  of  Spanish  milled  dollars,  and  did  not  relieve  the  necessity  for 
small  change.  The  ingenuity  of  the  people  hit  upon  this  expedient:  The  dol- 
lars were  cut  into  four  equal  parts  or  quarters,  worth  twenty-five  cents  each, 
and  these  again  divided  into  eighths  or  twelve-and-a-half-eent  pieces.  But  it 
was  a  work  of  time  and  skill  to  thus  make  change;  and  it  soon  happened  that 
the  dollars  were  cut  into  Jive  quarters  or  ten  eighths  —  or  rather  into  pieces 
which  passed  for  those  sums  —  and  this  practice  was  justified  on  the  like 
ground  that  toll  is  allowed  millers,  viz.,  to  pay  the  expense  of  coinage.^  Mr. 
Charles  Cist,  in  his  Miscellany  of  pioneer  history,  says  "this  last  description 
of  change  was  nicknamed  sharp  shins,  from  the  wedge  shape,  and  speedily 
became  as  redundant,  and,  of  course,  as  unpopular,  as  dimes  were  in  1841, 
when  they  ceased  to  pass  eight  or  nine  for  a  dollar."  He  remembered,  as  late 
as  1806,  that  the  business  house  in  Philadelphia  in  which  he  was  an  appren- 
tice received  over  one  hundred  pounds  of  cut  silver,  brought  on  by  a  Ken- 
tucky merchant,  and  which  was  then  sent  on  a  dray  to  the  United  States  Mint 
for  recoinage,  greatly  to  the  loss  and  vexation  of  the  Kentuckian.  Smaller 
sums  than  12  j  cents  were  given  out,  by  the  retailers  of  goods,  in  pins,  needles, 
writing-paper,  &c.  Mr.  Bartle,  who  kept  store  on  the  corner  of  Broadway  and 
Lower  Market  streets,  in  Cincinnati,  for  the  convenience  of  making  change, 
had  a  barrel  of  copper  coins  brought  out  from  Philadelphia,  in  1794,  which 
so  exasperated  his  brother  storekeepers  that  they  were  scarcely  restrained 
from  mobbing  him. 

The  writer  of  this  remembers  hearing  a  gentleman  tell  that,  when  a  small 
boy,  in  1806,  in  Fayette  county,  Kentucky,  needing  a  spelling-book,  he  was 
required  to  stop  school  for  a  day,  and  "drop  corn,"  to  enable  him  to  buy 
one — at  nightfall  receiving  as  his  wages  a  ''cut  ninepence,"  of  the  pinched 
kind  last  above  referred  to. 

The  suspension  of  specie  payments  in  1837  is  memorable  for  the  entire  dis- 
appearance of  silver  change,  and  the  substitution  of  paper  promises-to-pay  or 
"  shinplasters,"  in  amounts  usually  less  than  one  dollar,  issued  by  cities,  towns, 
villages,  corporations,  merchants  and  traders  of  all  kinds,  and  even  by  coffee- 
house keepers.  But  when,  in  1862,  the  exigencies  of  the  civil  war  demanded 
a  substitute  for  the  retired  silver  change,  the  more  fortunate  expedient  was 
adopted  of  confining  the  issue  of  fractional  currency  or  sma-ll  notes  entirely  to 
the  General  Government — thus  giving  them  all  the  uniformity  of  value,  freedom 
of  circulation,  and  certainty  of  redemption  of  the  larger  national  currency,  the 
legal  tender  and  National-bank  notes. 


^^■^A-NJEls^'^'' 


'^ONKE^-^^ 


■^^AM  ST^ 


lIutii'aT-efi     Toi-     Collixis'  HistoxMr   of   KeTAtixclcv. 


The  first  six  Chapters  of  the  following  OcTLlNE  History,  to  the  top  of  page  328  inclusive,  were 
written  in  1846,  by  Hon.  John  A.  MoCLnNO,  then  an  eminent  lawyer  at  Maysville,  Ky.,  after- 
wards  a  distingnished  Presbyterian  clergyman.  A  few  changes  of  dates  and  words  have  been 
made,  to  correspond  with  fuller  information  since.  R-  H.  O. 

The  closing  Chapter  of  the  Outline  History  was  written  by  Gen.  GeoR' 
port,  Ky.,  at  my  special  request. 


K.  H. 


OUTLINE  HISTORY. 


CHAPTER   I 


Kentucky  was  first  explored  by  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  about 
the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century.  It  then  formed  a  vast 
hunting-ground,  upon  which  the  savage  tribes  of  the  south  and 
of  the  north  killed  the  elk  and  buffalo,  and  occasionally  encoun- 
tered each  other  in  bloody  conflict.  No  permanent  settlements 
existed  within  its  borders.  Its  dark  forests  and  cane  thickets 
separated  the  Cherokees,  Creeks,  and  Catawbas  of  the  south, 
from  the  hostile  tribes  of  Shawanees,  Delawares,  and  Wyandots 
of  the  north.  Each,  and  all  of  these  tribes,  encountered  the 
Anglo-American  pioneer,  and  fiercely  disputed  the  settlement  of 
the  country. 

It  is  certain,  however,  that  these  were  not  the  original  occu- 
pants of  the  country  lying  between  the  Alleghany  mountains  and 
the  Mississippi  river.  Ancient  monuments  of  deep  interest, 
but  as  yet  imperfectly  investigated,  speak  in  language  not  to  be 
mistaken,  of  a  race  of  men  who  preceded  the  rude  tribes  encoun- 
tered by  Boone  and  Finley.  Their  origin,  language,  and  history, 
are  buried  in  darkness  which,  perhaps,  may  never  be  dispelled  ; 
but  the  scanty  vestiges  which  they  have  left  behind  them,  enable 
us  to  affirm,  with  confidence,  that  they  far  surpassed  the  rude 
tribes  which  succeeded  them,  in  arts,  in  civilization,  and  in  know- 
ledge. They  had  certainly  worked  the  copper  mines  of  the  west, 
and  were  in  possession  of  copper  tools  for  working  in  wood  and 
stone.  Their  pipes,  and  household  utensils  elaborately  fashioned, 
of  clay,  are  far  above  the  rude  and  clumsy  contrivances  of  their 
successors ;  while  their  large  fortifications,  constructed  of  solid 
masonry,  and  artificially  contrived  for  defence  and  convenience, 
show  that  they  had  foes  to  resist,  and  that  they  had  made  con- 
siderable progress  in  the  military  art. 

How  long  they  occupied  the  country,  whence  they  came, 
whither  they  have  gone,  or  whether  they  perished  within  the 
crumbling  walls  which  alone  speak  of  their  existence,  the  present 
state  of  our  knowledge  does  not  enable  us  to  decide.  The  his- 
torical facts  tviih  certainty  to  be  inferred  from  the  data  which  exist, 

(2471 


248  OUTLINE   HISTOKV. 

are  few  and  meagre.  In  relation  to  time,  we  can  only  affirm 
that  the  fortifications  and  cemeteries,  which  have  been  examined, 
are  certahJy  more  than  eight  hundred  years  old,  but  how  much 
older  they  may  be  can  only  be  conjectured.  Time,  and  future 
investigation,  may  throw  some  additional  light  upon  the  history 
of  this  ancient  race ;  but  at  present  we  can  only  say  that  they 
lived,  that  they  struggled  against  enemies,  that  they  made  pro- 
gress in  arts  and  civilization,  and  that  the  places  which  once 
knew  them,  now  know  them  no  more. 

Neglecting  the  obscure  visit  of  Dr.  Walker  to  the  north-east- 
ern portion  of  Kentucky  in  1758,  and  the  equally  obscure,  but 
more  thorough  examination  of  the  country  by  Finley  in  1767, 
we  may  regard  the  company  headed  by  Daniel  Boone  in  1769,  and 
by  Knox  in  1770,  as  the  earliest  visits  to  Kentucky  worthy  of 
particular  attention.  Boone's  party  remained  two  years  in  the 
State,  and  traversed  its  northern  and  middle  regions  with  great 
attention.  The  party  led  by  Colonel  James  Knox,  called  the 
Long  Hunters,  came  one  year  later,  and  remained  about  the 
same  time.  Both  parties  were  in  the  country  together,  but  never 
met.  Boone  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  but  had  emigrated  to 
North  Carolina.  Knox's  party  was  from  Holston,  on  Clinch  river, 
and  thoroughly  explored  the  middle  and  southern  regions  of 
Kentucky.  Boone's  party  was  harassed  by  the  Indians,  and  one 
of  their  number,  James  Stuart,  was  killed.  Boone  himself  at  one 
time  fell  into  their  hands,  but  escaped.  In  177],  they  returned 
from  their  long  hunting  excursion,  and  spread  throughout  the 
western  settlements  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  the  most 
glowing  accounts  of  the  inexhaustible  fertility  of  the  soil. 

The  bounty  in  lands,  which  had  been  given  to  the  Virginia 
troops  who  had  served  throughout  the  old  French  war,  were  to 
be  located  upon  the  western  waters,  and  within  less  than  two 
years  after  tlie  return  of  Boone  and  Knox,  surveyors  were  sent 
out  to  locate  these  lands  upon  the  Ohio  river.  In  1773,  Captain 
Thomas  Bullitt,  who  had  distinguished  himself  in  the  expedition 
against  fort  Du  Quesne,  led  a  party  of  surveyors  down  the  Ohio 
to  the  Falls,  where  a  camp  was  consb-ucted  and  roughly  fortified 
to  protect  them  from  the  Indians.  During  this  expedition  many 
surveys  were  executed  in  Kentucky,  and  large  portions  of  the 
country  explored  with  a  view  to  future  settlement.  Three  bro- 
thers from  Virginia,  James,  George  and  Robert  M'Afee,  accompa- 
nied Bullitt  to  the  mouth  of  Kentucky  river.  There  they  left 
him,  and  in  company  with  several  others  ascended  the  Kentucky 
to  the  forks,  exploring  the  country  and  making  surveys  in  various 
places. 

In  the  summer  of  1774,  other  parties  of  surveyors  and  hunters 
followed ;  and  during  this  year  James  Harrod  erected  a  log  cabin 
upon  the  spot  where  Harrodsburg  now  stands,  whioli  rapidly 
grew  into  a  station,  doubtless  the  oldest  in  Kentucky.  During 
next  year.  Colonel  Richard  Henderson  purchased  from  the  Chero- 
Kee  Indians  the  whole  country  south  of  Kentucky  river.      His 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  249 

purchase  was  subsequently  declared  null  and  void  by  the  legisla- 
ture of  Virginia,  which  claimed  the  sole  right  to  purchase  land 
from  the  Indians  within  the  bounds  of  the  royal  charter;  but 
great  activity  was  displayed  by  Henderson  in  taking  possession 
of  his  new  empire,  and  granting  land  to  settlers,  before  the  act 
ol  the  Virginia  legislature  overturned  all  his  schemes.  Daniel 
Boone  was  employed  by  him  to  survey  the  country,  and  select 
favorable  positions  ;  and,  early  in  the  spring  of  1775,  the  foun- 
dation of  Boonsborough  was  laid,  under  the  title  of  Henderson. 
From  the  22d  of  March  to  the  14th  of  April,  Boone  was  actively 
engaged  in  constructing  the  fort,  afterwards  called  Boonsborough, 
during  which  time  his  party  was  exposed  to  four  fierce  attacks 
from  the  Indians.  By  the  middle  of  April  the  fort  was  comple- 
ted, and  within  five  months  from  that  time  his  wife  and  daughters 
joined  him,  and  resided  in  the  fort, — the  first  white  women  who 
ever  stood  upon  the  banks  of  the  Kentucky  river.  From  this 
time,  Boonsborough  and  Harrodsburg  became  the  nucleus  and 
support  of  emigration  and  settlement  in  Kentucky.  In  1775,  the 
renowned  pioneer,  Simon  Kenton,  erected  a  log  cabin,  and  raised 
a  crop  of  corn  in  the  county  of  Mason,  near  the  spot  where  the 
town  of  Washington  now  stands,  and  continued  to  occupy  the 
spot  until  the  fall  of  that  year,  when  he  removed  to  Boonsbo- 
rough. The  limits  allotted  to  this  Historical  sketch  will  not 
admit  of  details  of  individual  adventures. 

On  Sept.  8th,  1775,  as  part  of  the  same  company  of  family 
immigrants  with  Daniel  Boone's  wife  and  daughters,  the  infant 
colony  was  enriched  by  the  arrival  of  three  more  ladies,  Mrs. 
Denton,  Mrs.  McGary,  and  Mrs.  Hogan,  who,  with  their  husbands 
and  children,  settled  at  Harrodsburg.  On  the  25th  of  September, 
Col.  Richard  Callaway  and  two  other  gentlemen,  with  their  wives 
and  children,  reached  Boonesborough. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1776,  in  Mai'ch,  Colonel  Benjamin 
Logan  brought  his  wife  and  family  to  Logan's  fort,  about  one 
mile  west  of  the  present  town  of  Stanford,  in  Lincoln  county, 
where  he,  with  a  few  slaves,  had  raised  a  crop  of  corn  in  1775. 

During  this  summer,  an  incident  occurred  which  powerfully 
impressed  upon  the  minds  of  the  women  of  Kentucky  the  dangers 
which  beset  them  in  their  frontier  home  :  while  a  daughter  of 
Daniel  Boone  and  two  of  the  Miss  Callaways  were  amusing 
themselves  within  a  short  distance  of  the  fort,  a  party  of  Indians 
suddenly  rushed  upon  them,  and  bore  them  oft"  as  captives.  They 
were  rapidly  pursued  by  Colonel  Floyd  and  Daniel  Boone,  with  a 
party  of  eight  men,  and  at  the  distance  of  forty  miles  from  the  fort, 
were  overtaken,  dispersed,  and  the  girls  recovered.  During  this 
summer.  Colonel  George  Rogers  Clai-k  for  the  first  time  made  his 
appearance  in  Kentucky.  He  visited  the  different  stations,  but 
made  no  location;  he  spent  much  of  his  time  in  the  woods, 
alone  and  hunting,  and  encouraged  the  young  pioneers  much  by 
his  presence  and  example. 

In  the  winter  of  this  year,  Kentucky  was  formed  into  a  county 


250  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

by  the  legislature  of  Virginia,  and  thus  became  entitled  to  a 
separate  county  (jourt,  to  justices  of  the  peace,  a  sheriff',  consta- 
bles, coroner,  and  militia  officers.  Law,  with  its  imposing  para- 
pharnalia,  (upon  a  small  scale,)  for  the  first  time  reared  its  head 
in  the  forests  of  Kentucky.  In  the  spring  of  1777,  the  court  of 
quarter  sessions  held  its  first  sitting  at  Harrodsburgh,  attended 
by  the  sheriff"  of  the  county  and  its  clerk,  Levi  Todd.  The  first 
court  of  Kentucky  was  composed  of  John  Todd,  John  Floyd, 
Benjamin  Logan,  John  Bowman,  and  Richard  Calloway. 

They  had  scarcely  adjourned  when  the  infant  republic  was 
rocked  to  its  centre  by  an  Indian  invasion.  Harrodsburg, 
Boonsborough,  Logan's  fort  were  all  in  succession  furiously  as- 
sailed. The  hunters  and  surveyors  were  driven  in  from  the 
woods,  and  compelled  to  take  refuge  within  the  forts.  Much  in- 
jury was  done  ;  but  the  forts  withstood  their  utmost  efforts,  and 
after  sweeping  through  Kentucky  like  a  torrent  for  several  weeks, 
the  angry  tide  slowly  rolled  back  to  the  north,  leaving  the  agi- 
tated settlers  to  repair  their  loss  as  they  best  could.  They  were 
reinforced  during  the  summer  by  forty-five  men  from  North  Caro- 
lina, and,  in  September,  by  one  hundred  more  under  Colonel  Bow- 
man, from  Virginia.  During  this  summer,  Colonel  Benjamin 
Logan  distinguished  himself  by  a  display  of  the  most  noble  and 
elevated  qualities  of  the  human  heart.  Details  will  be  found  in 
another  part  of  this  work ;   our  limits  forbid  them  here. 

The  year  1778  was  rendered  memorable  in  Kentucky  by  two 
great  military  events,  in  which  she  was  deeply  interested.  The 
one,  was  the  invasion  of  the  country  by  an  army  of  Indians  and 
Canadians,  under  the  command  of  Captain  DuQuesne,  a  Canadian 
officer ;  the  other,  was  the  brilhant  expedition  of  Colonel  George 
Rogers  Clark  against  the  English  posts  of  Vincennes  and  Kas- 
kaskias.     We  will  give  a  brief  summary  of  each  in  their  order. 

In  the  month  of  February,  Boone,  at  the  head  of  thirty  men 
was  at  the  lower  Blue  Licks,  engaged  in  making  salt,  when  he 
was  surprised  by  two  hundred  Indians,  on  their  march  to  attack 
Boonsborough,  and  himself  and  party  taken  prisoners.  They 
surrendei-ed  upon  terms  of  capitulation,  which  were  faithfully  ob- 
served by  the  Indians,  and  were  all  carried  to  Detroit.  Here 
his  companions  were  delivered  up  to  the  English  commandant, 
but  Boone  was  reserved  by  the  Indians  and  taken  to  Chillicothe. 
His  captors  treated  him  with  great  kindness,  and  permitted  him 
to  hunt,  with  but  little  restraint  upon  his  motions.  While  at 
Chillicothe,  he  saw  three  hundred  and  fifty  Indians  assembled, 
armed  and  painted,  for  a  hostile  expedition  against  Boonsbo- 
rough, which  had  only  been  suspended,  not  relinquished,  by  his 
capture  in  the  spring.  He  immediately  elTected  his  escape,  and 
lost  no  time  in  returning  to  Boonsborough,  where  he  gave  the 
alarm  throughout  all  Kentucky.  Instant  preparations  were  made 
to  receive  the  enemy  ;  the  distant  settlements  were  abandoned, 
the  forts  were  put  upon  the  war  establishment,  and  all  anxiously 
expected  the  approach  of  the  enemy.     The  escape  of  Boone, 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  251 

however,  had  disconcerted  the  enterprise,  and  it  was  delayed  for 
several  weeks. 

Impatient  of  the  slow  advance  of  the  enemy,  Boone,  at  the 
head  of  thirty  men,  of  whom  Simon  Kenton  was  one,  projected 
an  expedition  against  one  of  the  Indian  towns  on  Paint  Creek; 
and  while  m  the  enemy's  country,  he  obtained  certain  informa- 
tion that  the  Indian  army  had  passed  him,  and  was  already  on  its 
march  to  Boonsborough.  Countermarching  with  great  rapidity, 
he  halted  not,  day  or  night,  until  he  reached  Boonsborough  with 
his  men;  and  scarcely  had  he  done  so,  when  Captain  Du  Quesne 
made  his  appearance  at  the  head  of  five  hundred  Indians  and 
Canadians.  This  was  such  an  army  as  Kentucky  had  never  yet 
beheld,  and  it  produced  an  immense  sensation.  The  garrison  of 
Boonsborough  consisted  of  fifty  men ;  Harrodsburg  and  Logan's 
fort  were  strongly  menaced  by  detachments,  and  could  afford 
them  no  assistance.  The  attack  commenced;  and  every  artifice 
was  resorted  to  in  order  to  deceive,  to  intimidate,  or  suljdue  the 
garrison,  but  all  proved  inefl^ectual.  The  attack  continued  during 
nine  days,  and  was  resisted  with  steady  fortitude.  On  the  tenth 
day  the  enemy  decamped,  having  lost  thirty  men  killed  and  a 
much  greater  number  wounded.  The  garrison  sustained  a  loss 
of  two  killed  and  four  wounded ;  the  loss  of  the  country,  however, 
in  stock  and  improvements,  was  great. 

The  expedition  of  Colonel  George  Rogers  Clark  belongs  more 
properly  to  the  history  of  the  United  States  than  to  that  of  Ken- 
tucky; it  will  be  referred  to,  therefore,  with  great  brevity. 
When  Clark  was  in  Kentucky,  in  the  summer  of  1776,  he  took 
a  more  comprehensive  survey  of  the  western  country  than  the 
rude  pioneers  around  him ;  his  keen  military  eye  was  cast  upon 
the  northwestern  posts,  garrisoned  by  British  troops,  and  affording 
inexhaustible  supplies  of  arms  and  ammunition  to  the  small 
predatory  bands  of  Indians  which  infested  Kentucky.  He  saw 
plainly  that  they  were  the  true  fountains  from  which  the  thou- 
sand little  annual  rills  of  Indian  rapine  and  murder  took  their 
rise,  and  he  formed  the  bold  project  of  striking  at  the  root  of  the 
evil. 

The  revolutionary  war  was  then  raging,  and  the  western  posts 
were  too  remote  from  the  great  current  of  events  to  attract, 
powerfully,  the  attention  of  either  friend  or  foe  ;  but  to  Kentucky 
they  were  objects  of  capital  interest.  He  unfolded  his  plan  to 
the  executive  of  Virginia,  awakened  him  to  a  true  sense  of  its 
importance,  and  had  the  address  to  obtain  from  the  impoverished 
legislature  a  few  scanty  supplies  of  men  and  munitions  for  his 
favorite  project.  Undismayed  by  the  scantiness  of  his  means,  he 
embarked  in  the  expedition  with  all  the  ardor  of  his  character. 
A  few  State  troops  were  furnished  by  Virginia,  a  few  scouts  and 
guides  by  Kentucky,  and,  with  a  secrecy  and  celerity  of  move- 
ment never  surpassed  by  Napoleon  in '  his  palmiest  days,  he 
embarked  in  his  daring  project. 

Having  descended  the  Ohio  in  boats  to  the  Falls,  he  there 


252  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

landed  thirteen  families  who  had  accompanied  him  from  Pitts- 
burgh, as  emigrants  to  Kentucky,  and  by  whom  the  foundation 
of  Louisville  was  laid.  Continuing  his  course  down  the  Ohio 
he  disembarked  his  troops  about  sixty  miles  above  the  mouth  of 
that  river,  and,  marching  on  foot  through  a  pathless  wilderness, 
he  came  upon  Kaskaskia  as  suddenly  and  unexpectedly  as  if  he 
had  descended  from  the  skies.  The  British  officer  in  command, 
Colonel  Rochdublare,  and  his  garrison,  surrendered  to  a  force 
which  they  could  have  repelled  %vith  ease,  if  warned  of  their 
approach ;  but  never,  in  the  annals  of  war,  was  surprise  more 
complete.  Having  secured  and  sent  off  his  prisoners  to  Vir- 
ginia, Clark  was  employed  for  some  time  in  conciliating  the 
inhabitants,  who,  being  French,  readily  submitted  to  the  new 
order  of  things.  In  the  meantime,  a  storm  threatened  him  from 
Vincennes.  Governor  Hamilton,  who  commanded  the  British 
force  in  the  northwest,  had  actively  employed  himself  during  the 
fall  season  in  organizing  a  large  army  of  savages,  with  whom, 
in  conjunction  with  his  British  force,  he  determined  not  only  to 
crush  Clark  and  his  handful  of  adventurers,  but  to  desolate 
Kentucky,  and  even  seize  fort  Pitt.  The  season,  however,  be- 
came so  far  advanced  before  he  had  completed  his  preparations, 
that  he  determined  to  defer  the  project  until  spring,  and  in  the 
meantime,  to  keep  his  Indians  employed,  he  launched  them 
against  the  frontiers  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia,  intending  to 
concentrate  them  early  in  the  spring,  and  carry  out  his  grand 
project. 

Clark  in  the  meantime  lay  at  Kaskaskia,  revolving  the  diffi- 
culties of  his  situation,  and  employing  his  spies  diligently  in 
learning  intelligence  of  his  enemy.  No  sooner  was  he  informed 
of  the  dispersion  of  Hamilton's  Indian  force,  and  that  he  lay  at 
Vincennes  with  his  regulars  alone,  than  he  determined  to  strike 
Vincennes  as  he  had  struck  Kaskaskia,  The  march  was  long, 
the  season  inclement,  the  road  passed  through  an  untrodden 
wilderness,  and  through  overflowed  bottoms ;  his  stock  of  provi 
sions  was  scanty,  and  was  to  be  carried  upon  the  backs  of  his 
men.  He  could  only  muster  one  hundred  and  thirty  men  ;  but, 
inspiring  this  handful  with  his  own  heroic  spirit,  he  plunged 
boldly  into  the  wilderness  which  separated  Kaskaskia  from 
Vincennes,  resolved  to  strike  his  enemy  in  the  citadel  of  his 
strength,  or  perish  in  the  effort.  The  difficulties  of  the  march 
were  great,  beyond  what  even  his  daring  spirit  had  anticipated 
For  days  his  route  led  through  the  drowned  lands  of  Dlinois ;  his 
stock  of  provisions  became  exhausted,  his  guides  lost  their  way, 
and  the  most  intrepid  of  his  follov^^ers  at  times  gave  way  to  de- 
spair. At  length  they  emerged  from  the  drowned  lands,  and 
Vincennes,  like  Kaskaskia,  was  completely  surprised.  The 
governor  and  garrison  became  prisoners  of  war,  and,  like  their 
predecessors  at  Kaska'skia,  were  sent  on  to  Virginia.  The 
Canadian  inhabitants  readily  submitted,  the  neighboring  tribes 
were  overawed,  and  some  of  them  became  allies,  and  the  whole 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  253 

of  the  adjacent  country  became  subject  to  Virginia,  which  em- 
ployed a  regiment  of  State  troops  in  maintaining  and  securing 
their  conquest.  A  portion  of  this  force  was  afterwards  perma- 
nently stationed  at  Louisville,  where  a  fort  was  erected,  and 
where  Clark  established  his  head-quarters. 

The  year  1779  was  marked,  in  Kentucky,  by  three  events  of 
unequal  importance.  About  the  1st  of  April  a  solitary  block- 
house, with  some  adjacent  defences,  the  forlorn  hope  of  advancing 
civilization,  was  erected  by  Robert  Patterson,  upon  the  spot  where 
the  city  of  Lexington  now  stands ;  the  singularly  unfortunate 
expedition  of  Colonel  Bowman,  against  the  Indian  town  of  Chilli- 
cothe,  was  undertaken  and  carried  out ;  and  the  celebrated  land 
law  of  Kentucky  was  passed  by  the  Virginia  legislature. 

Bowman's  expedition  consisted  of  the  flower  of  Kentucky. 
Colonel  Benjamin  Logan  was  second  in  command,  and  Harrod, 
Bulger,  Bedinger,  and  many  other  brave  officers,  held  subordinate 
commands.  The  march  was  well  conducted,  the  surprise  was 
complete,  the  plan  of  attack  well  concerted,  and  the  division  led 
by  Logan  performed  its  part  well.  Yet  the  whole  failed  by 
reason  of  the  want  of  promptness  and  concert  in  taking  advantage 
of  the  surprise,  or  by  misunderstanding  orders.  Logan's  division 
was  compelled  to  make  a  disorderly  retreat  to  the  main  column, 
and  the  rout  quickly  became  general.  All  would  have  been  lost 
but  for  the  daring  bravery  of  some  of  the  subordinate  officers, 
who  charged  the  enemy  on  horseback,  and  covered  the  retreat ; 
but  the  failure  was  as  complete  as  it  was  unexpected. 

Our  limits  forbid  an  analysis  of  the  land  law.  It  was  doubtless 
well  intended,  and  the  settlement  and  pre-emption  features  were 
just  and  liberal.  The  radical  and  incurable  defect  of  the  law, 
however,  was  the  neglect  of  Virginia  to  provide  for  the  general 
survey  of  the  country  at  the  expense  of  government,  and  its  sub- 
division into  whole,  half,  and  quarter  sections,  as  is  now  done  by 
the  United  States.  Instead  of  this,  each  possessor  of  a  warrant 
was  allowed  to  locate  the  same  where  he  pleased,  and  was  re- 
quired to  survey  it  at  his  own  cost ;  but  his  entry  was  required 
to  be  so  special  and  precise  that  each  subsequent  locator  might 
recognize  the  land  already  taken  up,  and  make  his  entry  else- 
where. To  make  a  good  entry,  therefore,  required  a  precision 
and  accuracy  of  description  Avhich  such  men  as  Boone  and  Kenton 
could  not  be  expected  to  possess ;  and  all  vague  entries  were 
declared  null  and  void.  Unnumbered  sorrows,  lawsuits,  and 
heart-rending  vexations,  were  the  consequence  of  this  unhappy 
law.  In  the  unskillful  hands  of  the  hunters  and  pioneers  of 
Kentucky,  entries,  surveys,  and  patents,  were  piled  Upon  each 
other,  overlapping  and  crossing  in  endless  perplexity.  The  full 
fruits  were  not  reaped  until  the  country  became  more  thickly 
settled. 

In  the  meantime  the  immediate  consequence  of  the  law  was  a 
flood  of  immigration.     The  hunters  of  the  elk  and  bulTalo  were 


254  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

now  succeeded  by  the  more  ravenous  hunters  of  land ;  in  the 
pursuit,  they  fearlessly  braved  the  hatchet  of  the  Indian  and  the 
privations  of  the  forest.  The  sm-veyor's  chain  and  compass  were 
seen  in  the  woods  as  frequently  as  the  rifle ;  and  during  the  years 
1779-80-81,  the  great  and  all-absorbing  object  in  Kentucky  was  to 
enter,  survey,  and  obtain  a  patent,  for  the  richest  sections  of  land. 
Indian  hostilities  were  rife  during  the  whole  of  this  period,  but 
these  only  formed  episodes  in  the  great  drama. 

The  year  1780  was  distinguished  by  the  vast  number  of  emi- 
grants who  crowded  to  Kentucky  for  the  purpose  of  locating 
land  warrants  ;  Indian  hostility  was  proportionably  active,  and  a 
formidable  expedition,  consisting  of  Indians  and  English,  under 
Colonel  Bird,  threatened  Kentucky  with  destruction.  For  the 
first  time,  cannon  were  employed  against  the  stockade  forts  of 
Kentucky  ;  and  Ruddle's  and  Martin's  stations  were  completely 
destroyed,  and  their  gan-isons  taken.  The  impatience  of  the  In- 
dians then  compelled  the  colonel  to  retire,  without  pushing  his 
successes-  further. 

In  the  fall  of  this  year,  Colonel  Clark,  at  the  head  of  his  State 
troops  stationed  at  Louisville,  reinforced  by  all  the  disposable 
force  of  Kentucky,  invaded  the  Indian  countiy  in  Ohio,  and 
having  defeated  the  Indians  in  a  pitched  battle,  laid  waste  their 
villages  and  destroyed  their  corn  fields,  with  inexorable  severity, 
in  retaliation  of  Bird's  expedition  in  the  spring. 

In  November  of  this  year,  Kentucky  was  divided  into  three 
counties,  to  which  the  names  of  Fayette,  Lincoln,  and  Jelferson 
were  given.  They  had  now  three  county  courts,  holding  monthly 
sessions,  three  courts  of  common  law  and  chancery  jurisdiction, 
sitting  quarter-yearly,  and  a  host  of  magistrates  and  constables. 
No  com-t,  capable  of  trying  for  capital  olfences,  existed  in  the 
country,  or  nearer  than  Richmond.  The  courts  of  quarter-session 
could  take  notice  only  of  misdemeanors. 

The  year  1781  was  distinguished  by  a  very  large  emigration, 
by  prodigious  activity  in  land  speculation,  and  by  the  frequency 
of  Indian  inroads,  in  small  parties.  Every  portion  of  the  country 
was  kept  continually  in  alarm,  and  small  Indian  ambushes  were 
perpetually  bursting  upon  the  settlers.  Many  lives  were  lost, 
but  the  settlements  made  great  and  daily  advances,  in  defiance 
of  all  obstacles.  The  rich  lands  of  Kentucky  were  the  prize  of 
the  first  occupants,  and  they  rushed  to  seize  tlaem  with  a  rapacity 
stronger  than  the  fear  of  death. 

The  year  1782  was  uncommonly  prolific  in  great  events. 
Indian  hostility  was  unusually  early  and  active.  In  the  month 
of  jMay,  a  party  of  twenty-five  Wyandots  invaded  Kentucky,  and 
committed  shocking  depredations  in  the  neighborhood  of  Estill's 
station.  Captain  Estill  hastily  collected  a  party  of  equal  force, 
and  pursued  them  rapidly.  He  overtook  them  upon  Hinckstone's 
fork  of  Licking,  near  Mount-Sterling,  and  the  bftst  fought  battle 
of  the  war  there  occurred.  The  creek  ran  between  the  parties, 
forbidding  a  charge  but  at  perilous  disadvantage,  and  the  two 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  255 

lines,  forming  behind  trees  and  logs,  within  half  rifle  shot,  stood 
front  to  front  for  hours,  in  close  and  deadly  combat.  One-third 
on  each  side  had  fallen,  and  the  fire  was  still  vivid  and  deadly 
as  at  the  opening  of  the  combat.  Estill,  determined  to  bring  it 
to  a  close,  ordered  Lieutenant  Miller  to  turn  their  flank  with  six 
men,  and  attack  them  in  the  rear.  While  Miller  was  making  a 
small  detour  to  the  right,  for  the  purpose,  most  probably,  of  exe- 
cuting his  orders  in  good  faith  (for  there  are  various  constructions 
placed  upon  his  conduct),  the  Indian  commander  became  aware 
of  the  division  of  his  adversary's  force,  and, — with  that  rapid  deci- 
sion which  so  often  flashed  across  Napoleon's  battle-fields,  and 
whether  exhibited  upon  a  great  or  a  small  scale,  mark  the  gi-eat 
commander, — determined  to  frustrate  the  plan,  by  crossing  the 
creek  with  his  whole  force  and  overwhelming  Estill,  now  weak- 
ened by  the  absence  of  Miller.  This  bold  thought  was  executed 
with  determined  courage,  and  after  a  desperate  struggle,  Estill 
was  totally  overpowered,  and  forced  from  the  ground  vnth  slaugh- 
ter. Himself,  and  nearly  all  his  officers,  were  killed ;  and  it  was 
but  a  poor  consolation  that  an  equal  loss  had  been  inflicted  on 
the  enemy.  This  brilliant  little  fight  is  deeply  written  in  the 
annals  of  Kentucky,  and  will  long  be  remembered,  for  the  exqui- 
site specimen  of  the  military  art,  exhibited  in  miniature,  by  the 
Indian  commander.  It  created  a  sensation,  at  the  time,  far  be- 
yond its  real  importance,  and  was  rapidly  followed  by  stunning 
blows,  from  the  same  quarter,  in  rapid  succession. 

A  party  of  Wyandots,  consisting  of  twenty  men,  encountered 
Captain  Holder,  at  the  head  of  seventeen  Kentuckians,  near  the 
upper  Blue  Licks,  and  defeated  him  with  loss. 

But  these  small  parties  were  the  mere  pattering  drops  of  hail, 
which  precede  the  tempest.  In  the  month  of  August,  an  army  of 
five  hundred  Indian  warriors,  composed  of  detachments  from  all 
the  north-western  tribes,  rapidly  and  silently  traversed  the  north- 
ern part  of  Kentucky,  and  appeared  before  Bryan  's  station,  as 
unexpectedly  as  if  they  had  risen  from  the  earth.  The  garrison, 
although  surprised,  took  prompt  measures  to  repel  the  enemy. 
By  the  daring  gallantry  of  the  women,  the  fort  was  supplied  with 
water  from  a  neighboring  spring.  Two  of  the  garrison  burst 
through  the  enemy's  lines,  and  gave  the  alarm  to  the  neighboring 
stations,  while  those  who  remained,  by  means  of  a  well-conceived 
and  successful  ruse,  gave  a  bloody  repulse  to  the  only  assault 
which  the  Indians  ventured  to  make  upon  the  fort.  A  party  of 
sixteen  horsemen,  with  great  gallantry  and  good  fortune,  forced 
their  way  through  the  Indians,  and  entered  the  fort  unhurt.  More 
than  double  that  number,  on  foot,  made  a  similar  effort,  but  failed, 
and  sustained  considerable  loss. 

In  the  meantime,  the  garrison  remained  under  cover,  and  kept 
up  a  deliberate  and  fatal  fire  upon  such  Indians  as  showed  them- 
selves. The  enemy  became  discouraged,  and,  apprehensive  of 
bringing  the  whole  force  of  the  country  upon  them,  by  farther 
delay,  broke  up  their  camp,  on  the  second  night  of  the  siege,  and 


256  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

retreated  by  the  buffalo-trace,  leading  to  the  lower  Blue  Lick. 
By  the  next  day,  at  noon,  one  hundred  and  sixty  men  had  assem- 
bled at  Bryan's  station,  burning  with  eagerness  to  encounter  the 
invaders.  Colonels  Todd,  Trigg,  and  Daniel  Boone  ;  majors 
Harlan,  M' Bride,  and  Levi  Todd;  captains  Bulger  and  Gordon, 
with  forty-five  other  commissioned  ofticers,  including  the  cele- 
brated Al'Gary,  assembled  in  council,  and  hastily  determined  to 
pursue  the  enemy,  without  waiting  for  Colonel  Logan,  who  was 
known  to  be  collecting  a  strong  force  in  Lincoln,  and  who  might 
be  expected  to  join  them  in  twenty-four  hours. 

If  Major  M'Garj'  is  to  be  beheved,  he  remonstrated  against 
this  rash  precipitation,  and  urged  a  delay  of  one  day  for  rein- 
forcements, but  so  keen  was  the  ardor  of  officer  and  soldier, 
that  his  dissent  was  drowned,  in  an  impatient  clamor  for  in- 
stant battle;  and  in  an  evil  hour,  on  the  18th  of  August,  the  line 
of  march  was  taken  up,  and  the  pursuit  urged  \vith  a  keennes.<» 
which  quickly  brought  them  up  with  the  retreating  foe.  Before 
noon,  on  the  19th,  they  reached  the  southern  bank  of  Licking,  and 
for  the  first  time  beheld  their  enemy.  A  few  Indians  were  care- 
lessly loitering  upon  the  rocky  ridge,  which  bounded  the  prospect 
to  the  north.  These  warriors  seemed  nowise  disconcerted  by  the 
presence  of  so  large  a  body  of  Kentuckians,  but  after  gazing 
upon  them  for  a  few  moments  with  cool  indifference,  very  leis- 
urely disappeared  beyond  the  ridge. 

This  symptom  was  not  to  be  mistaken  by  the  youngest  woods- 
man in  the  ranks.  The  enemy  was  before  them  in  force,  and  a 
battle  against  fearful  odds,  or  a  rapid  retreat,  became  inevitable. 
A  dozen  oflicers  rode  to  the  front  and  exchanged  opinions. 
Boone,  who  was  best  acquainted  with  the  ground,  declared  with 
confidence  that  the  Indian  army  lay  in  ambuscade  about  one  mile 
beyond  the  river,  which  there  ran  in  an  irregular  ellipsis,  and  of- 
fered peculiar  advantages  to  the  Indians,  if  the  Kentucldans  should 
advance  by  the  buffalo  trace.  He  advised  either  a  retreat  upon 
Logan,  or  a  division  of  their  force,  foi  the  purpose  of  making  a 
flank  attack  upon  each  wing  of  the  Indian  army,  of  whose  posi- 
tion he  had  no  doubt.  All  further  deliberation,  however,  was 
broken  up  by  M'Gary,  who  suddenly  spurred  his  horse  into  the 
stream,  waved  his  hat  over  his  head,  and  shouted  aloud,  "  Let  all 
who  are  not  cowards  follow  me."  Of  the  gallant  band  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty,  there  was  not  one  who  could  endure  this 
taunt.  The  electric  cord  was  struck  with  a  rude  hand,  and  the 
shock  was  as  universal  as  it  was  violent.  The  horsemen  dashed 
tumultuously  into  the  stream,  each  striving  to  be  foremost.  The 
footmen  were  mingled  with  them  in  one  rolling  and  irregular 
mass.  They  struggled  through  a  deep  ford  as  they  best  could, 
and  without  stopping  to  reform  their  ranks  on  the  northern  shore, 
pressed  forward  in  gi'eat  disorder,  but  in  a  fierce  mood,  to  close 
with  their  concealed  enemy.  The  stinging  taunt  of  M'Gary  had 
struck  deep,  and  every  thought  save  that  of  confronting  death 
without  fear,  was  for  the  moment  banished  from  their  minds 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  257 

M'Gary  still  led  the  van,  closely  followed  by  Boone,  Harlan  and 
M'Bride.  Suddenly  a  heavy  fire  burst  upon  them  in  front,  and 
the  van  halted  and  endeavored  to  obtain  cover  and  return  the 
fire.  The  centre  and  rear  hurried  up  to  support  their  friends, 
and  the  bare  and  rocky  ridge  was  soon  crowded  with  the  com 
batants.  The  ravines  flanked  them  on  each  side,  from  which 
came  a  devouring  fire,  which  rapidly  wasted  their  ranks.  There 
was  no  cover  for  the  Kentuckians,  and  nearly  one  half  of  their 
force  was  on  horseback.  The  Indians  had  turned  each  flank,  and 
appeared  disposed  to  cut  off  their  retreat.  The  rear  fell  back 
to  prevent  this,  the  centre  and  van  followed  the  movement,  and  a 
total  rout  ensued.  The  pursuit  was  keen  and  bloody,  and  was 
pressed  with  unrelenting  vigor.  Todd,  Trigg,  Harlan,  M'Bride, 
Bulger,  and  Gordon,  were  killed  on  the  field  of  battle.  M'Gary, 
although  more  deeply  involved  in  the  ranks  of  the  enemy  than 
any  other  officer,  was  totally  unhurt ;  sixty  officers  and  men  were 
killed  in  the  battle  or  pursuit,  and  seven  prisoners  were  taken. 
The  number  of  wounded  was  never  ascertained.  Some  of  the 
fugitives  reached  Bryan's  station  on  the  night  after  the  battle, 
and  were  there  met  by  Colonel  Logan,  at  the  head  of  four  hun- 
dred and  fifty  men.  Logan  remained  at  Bryan's  until  the  last  of 
the  survivors  had  arrived,  and  then  continued  his  march  to  the 
battle  ground.  The  bodies  of  the  dead  were  collected  and  in- 
terred, and  having  satisfied  himself  that  the  Indians  had  crossed 
the  Ohio  and  were  beyond  his  reach,  he  returned  to  Bryan's  sta- 
tion and  disbanded  his  troops. 

It  was  an  established  custom  in  Kentucky  at  that  time,  never 
to  suffer  an  Indian  invasion  to  go  unpunished,  but  to  retaliate 
upon  their  villages  and  corn  fields,  the  havoc,  which  their  own 
settlements  had  experienced.  Colonel  George  Rogers  Clark, 
stationed  permanently  at  Louisville,  declared  that  he  would  lead 
his  regiment  of  State  troops  against  the  Indian  villages  in  Ohio, 
and  invited  the  militia  of  Kentucky  to  accompany  him.  The 
call  was  promptly  answered.  One  thousand  riflemen  rendez- 
voused at  the  mouth  of  Licking,  and  under  the  command  of 
Clark,  penetrated  into  the  heart  of  the  Indian  country.  No  re- 
sistance was  offered.  Their  towns  were  reduced  to  ashes,  their 
corn  cut  up,  and  the  whole  country  laid  waste  with  unsparing 
severity.  Having  completely  destroyed  every  thing  within  their 
reach,  the  detachment  returned  to  Kentucky. 

I. ..17 


OUTLINE   HISTORY 


CHAPTER   II, 


The  certainty  that  actual  hostilities  between  Great  Britain  and 
America  had  ceased,  and  that  a  treaty  of  peace  would  be  foi 
mally  ratified  in  the  spring,  led  to  an  universal  expectation  tha' 
Indian  hostilities  would  cease,  and  in  expectation  of  that  event 
there  was  a  vast  accession  of  emigrants  in  the  fall  of  1782. 
Peace  followed  in  1783,  as  was  expected,  and  Indian  hostilities 
for  a  time  were  suspended;  but  an  unhappy  failure  on  both  sides 
fully  and  fairly  to  execute  the  treaty,  finally  resulted  in  the  re- 
newal of  the  Indian  war  with  treble  violence. 

By  the  terms  of  the  treaty,  England  was  bound  to  carry  away 
no  slaves,  and  to  surrender  the  north-western  posts  in  her  posses- 
sion within  the  boundaries  of  the  United  States.  On  the  other 
hand.  Congress  had  stipulated,  that  no  legal  impediments  should 
be  opposed  to  the  collection  by  British  merchants,  of  the  debts 
due  them  from  citizens  of  the  United  States.  None  of  these 
stipulations  were  faithfully  executed,  as  they  were  understood  by 
the  parties  severally  interested.  Slaves  taken  during  the  war 
were  removed  by  the  British  fleet.  Virginia  became  indignant 
and  passed  a  law  which  prohibited  the  collection  of  British  debts, 
and  England  refused  to  deliver  up  the  western  posts,  until  the 
obnoxious  laws  were  repealed.  Congress,  in  helpless  imbecility, 
was  unable  to  control  the  sovereign  States,  and  the  posts  were 
withheld  until  Jay's  treaty,  more  than  ten  years  after  peace  had 
been  ratified. 

The  Indians  at  first,  however,  assumed  a  pacific  attitude,  and 
the  year  1783  passed  away  wthout  hostilities.  In  the  meantime, 
the  settlements  advanced  with  great  rapidity.  Simon  Kenton, 
after  an  interval  of  nine  years,  reclaimed  his  settlement  at  Wash- 
ington, and  in  1784  erected  a  block  house  where  Maysville 
now  stands,  so  that  the  Ohio  river  became  the  northern  frontier 
of  Kentucky.  The  general  course  of  emigration  henceforth  was 
down  the  Ohio  to  Maysville,  and  thence  by  land  to  the  interior. 

In  the  spring  of  1783,  Kentucky  was  erected  into  a  district, 
and  a  court  of  criminal  as  well  as  civil  jurisdiction,  coextensive 
with  the  district,  was  erected.  The  court  held  its  first  session  in 
Harrodsburg,  in  the  spring  of  1783,  and  was  opened  by  .John 
Floyd  and  Samuel  M'Dowell,  as  judges,  John  May  being  clerk, 
and  Walker  Daniel  prosecuting  attorney.  Seventeen  culprits 
were  presented  by  the  grand  jury;  nine  for  keeping  tippling 
houses,  and  eight  for  fornication.  From  these  presentments,  we 
may  form  some  opinion  of  the  vices  most  prevalent  in  Kentucky 
at  that  time.  During  the  summer,  a  log  court-house  and  jail, 
"of  hewed  or  sawed  logs  nine  inches  thick,"  was  erected  on  the 


I 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  259 

spot  where  Danville  now  stands  ;  during  this  summer,  a  retail 
store  of  dry  goods  was  opened  at  Louisville,  and  the  tone  of 
society  became  visibly  more  elevated. 

In  1784,  General  James  Wilkinson  emigrated  to  the  country, 
and  settled  in  Lexington.  This  gentleman  occupied  a  distin- 
guished position  in  the  early  civil  conflicts  of  Kentucky,  and 
became  the  leader  of  a  political  party;  he  had  distinguished 
himself  in  the  war  of  independence,  and  was  aid-de-camp  to 
Gates  at  Saratoga.  For  distinguished  services  in  that  campaign, 
and  upon  the  particular  recommendation  of  Gates,  he  had  been 
promoted  by  Congress  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  Friends 
and  enemies  have  agreed  in  ascribing  to  him  the  qualities  of 
courage,  energy,  address,  and  eloquence;  of  a  somewhat  mere- 
tricious and  inflated  character.  A  graceful  person,  amiable 
manners,  liberal  hospitality,  with  a  ready  and  popular  elocution, 
when  added  to  his  military  fame,  ensured  him  popularity  with 
the  mass  of  the  people.  He  came  to  Kentucky  with  the  avowed 
object  of  improving  his  circumstances,  which  were  somewhat 
embarrassed  ;  he  was  understood  to  be  connected  with  an  eastern 
mercantile  company,  and  not  to  be  averse  to  any  speculation 
which  might  improve  his  fortune.  He  soon  became  deeply 
involved  in  the  fiercest  political  controversies  of  the  day,  and  has 
left  his  countrymen  divided  in  opinion  as  to  whether  he  acted 
from  patriotic  and  honorable  motives,  or  was  a  selfish  and 
abandoned  adventurer,  ready  to  aid  any  project  which  promised 
to  advance  his  interests. 

In  the  summer  of  1784,  some  depredations  were  committed  by 
the  Indians  upon  the  southern  frontier,  and  Colonel  Benjamin 
Logan  had  received  intelligence  that  a  serious  invasion  was 
contemplated,  and  publicly  summoned  such  citizens  as  could 
conveniently  attend,  to  meet  at  Danville  on  a  particular  day,  and 
consult  as  to  what  measures  should  be  taken  for  the  common 
defence. 

The  alarm  in  the  end  proved  unfounded;  but  in  the  meantime 
a  great  number  of  the  most  distinguished  citizens  assembled  ftt 
Danville,  under  a  belief  that  Indian  hostilities  upon  a  large  scale 
were  about  to  be  renewed,  and  would  continue  until  the  north- 
western posts  were  surrendered  by  the  British.  LTpon  an  exami- 
nation of  the  laws  then  in  existence,  their  most  eminent  lawyers 
decided  that  no  expedition  could  lawfully  and  eilectually  be 
carried  out  against  the  Indian  tribes;  the  power  of  impressment 
had  ceased  with  the  war,  and  in  a  state  of  peace  could  not  legally 
be  exercised.  Nor  was  there  any  power  known  to  the  law  ca- 
pable of  calling  forth  the  resources  of  the  country,  however 
imminent  the  danger ;  all  of  their  legislation  came  from  Rich- 
mond, distant  many  hundred  miles,  and  separated  from  Kentucky 
by  desert  mountains  and  interminable  forests  traversed  by  roving 
bands  of  Indians. 

The  necessity  of  a  government  independent  of  Virginia  was 
deeply   and    almost   unanimously  felt.      But  how  was   tliis    to 


260  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

be  accomplished?  It  is  interesting  to  trace  the  origin,  progress, 
and  consummation  of  independence  in  this  infant  community — 
the  first  established  west  of  the  mountains ;  and  when  we  reflect 
upon  the  bloodshed  and  violence  which  has  usually  attended  such 
political  changes  in  the  old  world,  we  are  profoundly  struck  with 
the  good  sense,  moderation,  and  patience,  under  powerful  temp- 
tation, which  marked  the  conduct  of  Kentucky. 

The  first  step  taken  marks  the  simplicity  and  integrity  of  the 
movers.  The  assembly,  having  no  legal  authority,  published  a 
recommendation,  that  each  militia  company  in  the  district  should 
on  a  certain  day  elect  one  delegate,  and  that  the  delegates  thus 
chosen  should  assemble  in  Danville,  on  the  27th  December,  1784. 
The  recommendation  ^vas  well  received,  the  elections  held,  and 
the  delegates  assembled.  Samuel  M'Dowell  was  elected  presi- 
dent, and  Thomas  Todd,  clerk.  A  great  number  of  spectators 
were  in  attendance,  who  maintained  the  most  commendable 
order,  and  the  convention,  as  they  styled  themselves,  debated  the 
question  of  separation  from  the  parent  State  with  all  the  gravity 
and  decorum  of  a  deliberative  body. 

A  division  of  opinion  was  manifest,  but  none,  save  legal  and 
constitutional  means,  were  even  hinted  at  by  the  warmest  advo- 
cate for  separation ;  order  and  law  reigned  without  a  rival.  A  very 
great  majority  were  in  favor  of  a  petition  to  the  legislature  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  through  them  to  Congress,  for  the  passage  of  an  act,  in 
the  manner  provided  by  the  constitution,  by  which  Kentucky  might 
become  an  independent  member  of  the  confederacy.  A  resolu- 
tion was  passed,  by  a  large  majority,  declaratory  of  the  views 
of  the  convention.  But  as  no  clear  determination,  upon  that 
subject,  had  been  expressed  by  the  people  previous  to  their  elec- 
tion, they  did  not  consider  themselves  authorized  to  take  any 
steps  to  carry  their  resolution  into  eh'ect,  further  than  to  recom- 
mend that,  in  the  spring  election  of  delegates,  from  the  several 
counties,  to  the  Virginia  legislature,  the  people  should  also  elect 
twenty-five  delegates  to  a  convention,  to  meet  at  Danville,  in 
May,  1785,  and  finally  determine  whether  separation  was  expe- 
dient. They  also  apportioned  the  delegates  among  the  several 
counties,  with  great  fairness,  according  to  the  supposed  popula- 
tion. The  people  peaceably  conformed  to  the  recommendation 
of  their  delegates,  and  elected  the  members  as  prescribed  by  the 
convention. 

In  the  meantime,  the  subject  was  gravely  and  earnestly  dis- 
cussed in  the  primary  assemblies,  and,  in  some  parts  of  the 
country,  with  passionate  fervor.  A  great  majority  were  in  favor 
of  constitutional  separation — none  other  was  then  thought  of. 
On  the  23d  of  May,  1785,  this  second  convention  assembled  and 
adopted  five  resolutions.  They  decided  that  constitutional  sepa- 
ration from  Virginia  was  expedient, — that  a  petition  to  the  legis- 
lature be  prepared, — that  an  address  to  the  people  of  Kentucky 
be  published,  and  that  delegates  to  another  convention  be  elected 
in  July,  and  assemble  at  Danville  in  August  following,  to  whom 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  261 

the  petition,  address,  and  proceedings  of  the  present  convention 
be  referred  for  final  action. 

The  people,  thus  involved  in  a  labyrinth  of  conventions,  to 
which  no  end  could  be  seen,  nevertheless  quietly  conformed, 
elected  a  new  batch  of  delegates  in  July,  who  assembled  in  Au- 
gust, being  the  third  convention  which  had  already  assembled, 
while  scarcely  any  progress  had  been  made  in  carrying  into  eflect 
the  object  of  their  meeting.  In  the  meantime,  Indian  hostility 
became  more  frequent,  and  the  exasperation  of  the  people  daily 
increased.  The  petition  and  address,  with  the  other  proceedings 
of  the  convention  of  May,  were  referred  to  the  present,  and  under- 
went considerable  change.  The  petition  was  drawn  in  language 
less  simple,  the  address  to  the  people  of  Kentucky  was  more 
exciting,  impassioned,  and  exaggerated.  No  printing  press,  as 
yet,  existed  in  the  country,  but  copies  of  the  address  and  petition 
were  zealously  multiplied  by  the  pen,  and  widely  dispersed  among 
the  people.  The  chief-justice  of  the  District  Court,  George  Muter, 
and  the  attorney-general,  Harry  Innes,  were  deputed  to  present 
the  petition  to  the  legislature  of  Virginia.  This  was  accordingly 
done,  and  in  January,  1786,  the  legislature  passed  an  act,  with 
great  unanimity,  in  conformity  to  the  wishes  of  Kentucky,  annex- 
ing, however,  certain  terms  and  conditions  sufficiently  just  and 
fair,  but  which  necessarily  produced  some  delay.  They  required 
a  fourth  convention,  to  assemble  at  Danville  in  September,  1786, 
who  should  determine  whether  it  were  the  will  of  the  distz-ict  to 
become  an  independent  State  of  the  confederacy,  upon  the  con- 
ditions in  the  act  enumerated,  and  w^ell  known  under  the  denomi- 
nation of  the  Compact  with  Virginia.  And  if  the  convention 
should  determine  upon  separation,  they  were  required  to  fix  upon 
a  day  posterior  to  the  1st  of  September,  1787,  on  which  the  au- 
thority of  Virginia  was  to  cease  and  determine  forever  ;  provided, 
however,  that  previous  to  the  1st  day  of  June,  1787,  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States  should  assent  to  said  act,  and  receive  the 
new  State  into  the  Union. 

The  great  mass  of  the  citizens  of  Kentucky  received  this  act 
with  calm  satisfaction,  and  were  disposed  peaceably  to  conform 
to  its  provisions.  But  two  circumstances,  about  this  time,  oc- 
curred, which  tended  to  create  unfavorable  impressions,  in  Ken- 
tuckj',  towards  the  government  of  the  Union.  The  one  was  the 
utter  inability  of  Congress  to  protect  them  from  the  north-western 
tribes,  by  compelling  a  surrender  of  the  posts,  or  otherwise.  The 
other  was  a  strong  disposition,  manifested  by  the  delegates  in 
Congress  from  the  seven  north-eastern  States,  to  yield,  for  twenty 
years,  the  right  to  navigate  the  Mississippi  to  the  ocean.  The 
one  inspired  contempt;  the  other  awakened  distrust,  which  might 
rapidly  ripen  to  aversion.  Hostilities  had  ceased  with  Great 
Britain,  but  hatred  and  resentment  blazed  as  fiercely  between  the 
people,  of  the  two  nations,  as  if  the  war  was  still  raging.  The 
retention  of  the  posts  kept  alive  Indian  hostility  against  Ken- 
tucky, while  the  eastern  States  enjoyed  profound  peace. 


262  OUTLINE   HISTOKY. 

Congress  had,  after  long  delay,  made  treaties  with  the  Indians 
which  were  totally  disregarded  by  the  latter,  as  far  as  Kentucky 
was  concerned,  and  the  violation  of  which  the  former  was  totally 
unable  to  chastise.  Repeated  efforts  were  made  by  General 
Henry  Lee,  of  Virginia,  to  obtain  a  continental  force  of  seven 
hundred,  or  even  three  hundred  men,  to  protect  the  western  fron- 
tier; but  the  frantic  jealousy  of  the  central  power  cherished  by 
the  sovereign  States,  at  a  time  when  that  central  power  grovelled 
in  the  most  helpless  imbecility,  peremptorily  forbade  even  this 
small  force  to  be  embodied,  lest  it  might  lead  to  the  overthrow 
of  State  rights.  In  the  meantime,  Kentucky  was  smarting  under 
the  scourge  of  Indian  warfare  ;  had  no  government  at  home,  and 
their  government  beyond  the  mountains,  however  sincerely  dis- 
posed, was  totally  unable  to  protect  them,  from  a  radical  and 
incurable  vice  in  its  constitution. 

To  this  cause  of  dissatisfaction  came  the  astounding  intelli- 
gence, in  the  succeeding  year,  that  several  States  in  Congi-ess 
had  voted  to  barter  away  the  right  to  navigate  the  Mississippi, 
in  consideration  of  commercial  advantages  to  be  yielded  by  Spain 
to  the  eastern  States,  in  which  Kentucky  could  have  no  direct 
interest.  There  was  neither  printing  press  nor  post  office  in 
Kentucky,  and  the  people  were  separated  by  an  immense  wil- 
derness from  their  eastern  brethren.  Intelligence  came  slowly, 
and  at  long  intervals.  In  passing  through  so  many  hands,  it  was 
necessarily  inaccurate,  exaggerated  and  distorted,  according  to 
the  passions  or  whims  of  its  retailers.  Never  was  harvest  more 
ripe  for  the  sickle  of  the  intriguer ;  and  it  soon  became  manifest, 
that  schemes  were  in  agitation  wnich  contemplated  a  severance 
of  Kentucky  from  Virginia  by  other  than  constitutional  means, 
and  which  vaguely,  and  cautiously,  seemed  to  sound  the  way  for 
a  total  severance  of  Kentucky  from  the  Union. 

In  the  elections  which  took  place  in  the  spring  of  1786,  for  the 
fourth  convention,  directed  by  the  legislature  of  Virginia,  General 
James  Wilkinson  became  a  candidate  to  represent  the  county  of 
Fayette.  With  all  the  address,  activity,  and  eloquence  of  which 
he  was  master,  he  strove  to  ripen  the  public  mind  for  an  imme- 
diate declaration  of  independence,  without  going  through  the  slow 
formalities  of  law,  which  the  exigencies  of  the  country,  in  his 
opinion,  would  not  permit  them  to  await.  He  was  the  first  pub- 
lic man  who  gave  utterance  to  this  bold  sentiment ;  and  great 
sensation  was  produced  in  the  county  of  Fayette,  by  its  promul- 
gation. A  violent  opposition  to  his  views  quickly  became  man- 
ifest, and  displayed  such  strength  and  fervor,  as  drew  from  him 
an  explanation  and  modification,  which  lulled  the  force  of  present 
opposition,  but  left  an  indelible  jealousy  in  the  breasts  of  many, 
of  the  general's  ulterior  intentions.  He  was  elected  to  the  con- 
vention. There  was  but  little  excitement  in  the  other  counties, 
who  chose  the  prescribed  number  of  delegates,  with  the , inten- 
tion of  patiently  awaiting  the  formalities  of  law. 

In  the  meantime,  Indian  depredations  became  so  harassing,  that 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  2G3 

the  people  determined  upon  a  grand  expedition  against  the  In- 
dian towns,  notwithstanding  the  treaties  of  Congress,  and  absence 
of  legal  power.  A  thousand  volunteers  under  General  Clark 
rendezvoused  at  Louisville,  with  the  determination  thoroughly  to 
chastise  the  tribes  upon  the  Wabash.  Provisions  and  ammunition 
were  furnished  by  individual  contribution,  and  were  placed  on 
board  of  nine  keel  boats,  which  were  ordered  to  proceed  to  Vin- 
cennes  by  water,  while  the  volunteers  should  march  to  the  same 
point  by  land. 

The  flotilla,  laden  with  provisions  and  munitions  of  war,  en- 
countered obstacles  in  the  navigation  of  the  Wabash,  which  had 
not  been  foreseen,  and  was  delayed  beyond  the  time  which  had 
been  calculated.  The  detachment  moving  by  land  reached  the 
point  of  rendezvous  first,  and  awaited  for  fifteen  days  the  arrival 
of  the  keel  boats.  This  long  interval  of  inaction  gave  time  for 
the  unhealthy  humors  of  the  volunteers  to  ferment,  and  proved 
fatal  to  txie  success  of  the  expedition.  The  habits  of  General 
Clark  had  also  become  intemperate,  and  he  no  longer  possessed 
the  undivided  confidence  of  his  men.  A  detachment  of  three 
hundred  volunteers  broke  off  from  the  main  body,  and  took  up 
the  line  of  march  for  their  homes.  Clark  remonstrated,  en- 
treated, even  shed  tears  of  grief  and  mortification,  but  all  in  vain. 
The  result  was  a  total  disorganization  of  the  force,  and  a  return 
to  Kentucky,  to  the  bitter  mortification  of  the  commander-in- 
chief,  whose  brilliant  reputation  for  the  time  suffered  a  total 
eclipse. 

This  expedition  led  to  other  ill  consequences.  The  convention 
which  should  have  assembled  in  September,  was  unable  to  mus- 
ter a  quorum,  the  majority  of  its  members  having  marched  under 
Clark  upon  the  ill-fated  expedition.  A  number  of  the  delegates 
assembled  at  Danville  at  the  appointed  time,  and  adjourned 
from  day  to  day  until  January,  when  a  quorum  at  length  was 
present,  and  an  organization  effected.  In  the  meantime,  how- 
ever, the  minority  of  the  convention  who  had  adjourned  from 
day  to  day,  had  prepared  a  memorial  to  the  legislature  of  Vir- 
ginia, informing  them  of  the  circumstances  which  had  prevented 
the  meeting  of  the  convention,  and  suggesting  an  alteration  of 
some  of  the  clauses  of  the  act,  which  gave  dissatisfaction  to  their 
constituents,  and  recommending  an  extension  of  the  time  within 
which  the  consent  of  Congress  was  required.  This  produced  a 
total  revision  of  the  act  by  the  Virginia  legislature,  whereby  an- 
other convention  was  required  to  be  elected  in  August  of  1787, 
to  meet  at  Danville,  in  September  of  the  same  year,  and  again 
take  into  consideration  the  great  question,  already  decided  by 
four  successive  conventions,  and  requiring  a  majority  of  two- 
thirds  to  decide  in  favor  of  separation,  before  the  same  should  be 
effected.  The  time  when  the  laws  of  Virginia  were  to  cease, 
was  fixed  on  the  1st  day  of  January,  1789,  instead  of  September. 
1787,  as  was  ordered  in  the  first  act;  and  the  4th  of  July,  1788, 
was  fixed  upon   as   the   period,  before   which    Congress  should 


264  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

express  its  consent  to  the  admission  of  Kentucky  into  the 
Union. 

This  new  act  became  known  in  Kentucky  shortly  after  the 
fourth  convention,  after  a  delay  of  three  months,  had  at  length 
rallied  a  quorum,  and  had  with  great  unanimity  decided  upon  se- 
paration. They  then  found  themselves  deprived  of  all  authority, 
their  recent  act  nullified,  their  whole  work  to  begin  anew,  and 
the  time  of  separation  adjourned  for  two  years,  and  clogged  with 
new  conditions.  An  ebullition  of  impatience  and  anger  was  the 
unavoidable  result.  They  seemed,  by  some  fatality,  to  be  invol- 
ved in  a  series  of  conventions,  interminable  as  a  Cretan  labyrinth, 
tantalizing  them  with  the  prospect  of  fruit,  which  invariably 
turned  to  ashes,  when  attempted  to  be  grasped. 

While  such  was  the  temper  of  the  public  mind,  the  navigation 
of  the  Mississippi  was  thrown  into  the  scale.  Shortly  after  the 
convention  adjourned,  a  number  of  gentlemen  in  Pittsburgh, 
styling  themselves  a  "  committee  of  correspondence,"  made  a 
written  communication  to  the  people  of  Kentucky,  informing 
them,  "  that  John  Jay,  the  American  secretary  for  foreign  affairs, 
had  made  a  proposition  to  Don  Gardoqui,  the  Spanish  minister, 
near  the  United  States,  to  cede  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi 
to  Spain  for  twenty  years,  in  consideration  of  commercial  advan- 
tages to  be  enjoyed  by  the  eastern  States  alone." 

On  the  29th  of  March,  a  circular  letter  was  addressed  to  the 
people  of  Kentucky,  signed  by  George  Muter,  Harry  hmes,  Johi: 
Brown,  and  Benjamin  Sebastian,  recommending  the  election  of 
five  delegates  from  each  county  to  meet  at  Danville  in  May,  and 
take  into  consideration  the  late  action  of  Congress  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  the  Mississippi.  The  letter  contemplated  the  formation 
of  committees  of  correspondence  throughout  the  west,  and  a 
"  decent,  but  spirited,"  remonstrance  to  Congress  against  the 
cession,  which  they  evidently  supposed  in  great  danger  of  being 
consummated.  There  is  nothing  objectionable  in  either  the 
language  or  object  of  this  circular,  and,  considering  the  impression 
then  prevailing  in  the  west  as  to  the  intentions  of  Congress,  it 
may  be  regarded  as  temperate  and  manly  in  its  character.  The 
most  ignorant  hunter  in  the  west  could  not  be  blind  to  the  vital 
importance  of  the  interest  which,  (as  they  supposed,)  was  about 
to  be  bartered  away  for  advantages  to  be  reaped  by  their  eastern 
brethren  alone;  and  although  the  ferment  was  violent  for  a  time, 
yet  regular  and  constitutional  remedies  were  only  proposed  by 
the  circular  or  adopted  by  the  citizens. 

The  delegates  were  elected  as  proposed,  but  before  they  assem- 
bled the  true  state  of  affairs  in  Congress  was  more  accurately 
understood,  and  the  convention,  after  a  brief  session,  and  after 
rejecting  various  propositions,  which  looked  towards  increasing 
and  prolonging  the  excitement  of  the  people  upon  this  agitating 
-Libject,  quietly  adjourned,  without  taking  any  action  whatever 
upon  the  subject. 

This  negotiation  belongs  properly  to  the  history  of  the  United 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  265 

States;  but  it  is  impossible  to  understand  the  early  political 
history  of  Kentucky,  without  briefly  adverting  to  some  of  its  most 
prominent  features.  No  sooner  did  it  become  evident  that  the 
war,  however  protracted,  must  finally  end  in  the  establishment 
of  American  independence,  than  the  friendly  courts  of  France 
and  Spain  bea^an  to  exhibit  the  most  restless  jealousy  as  to  the 
western  limits  of  the  infant  republic.  Spain  was  then  an  im- 
mense land-holder  upon  the  northern  part  of  the  continent, 
claiming  all  east  of  the  Mississippi,  lying  south  of  the  31st  degree 
of  north  latitude,  and  all  west  of  the  Mississippi  to  the  Pacific. 
France  had  large  islands  in  the  West  Indies.  The  object  of  both 
was  to  mako  the  Alleghany  the  western  limit,  if  possible  ;  if  not, 
at  least  to  bound  them  by  the  Ohio,  leaving  Kentucky,  Ten- 
nessee, and  Mississippi,  to  indemnify  his  Catholic  majesty  for  the 
expenses  of  the  war. 

These  views  were  early  disclosed  by  the  two  allied  powers, 
and  urged  with  all  the  skill  and  power  of  a  long  practiced  and 
tortuous  diplomacy.  On  the  contrary,  they  were  steadily  and 
manfully  opposed  by  Jay  and  the  elder  Adams,  the  American 
ministers  abroad,  who  succeeded  in  securing  to  their  country  the 
boundary  of  the  Mississippi,  as  far  south  as  latitude  31,  the  full 
extent  of  the  ancient  English  claim.  Baffled  upon  the  subject  of 
boundary,  Spain  still  clung  to  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  anxiously  strove  to  retain  the  exclusive  right  to  its  naviga- 
tion, and  to  obtain  from  the  United  States  a  cession  of  all  right 
thereto.  This  was  firmly  resisted  by  Jay  during  the  war,  when 
his  instructions  gave  him  a  large  discretion,  and  when  pecuniary 
aid  was  lavishly  proffered  by  Spain  if  this  right  was  ceded,  and 
no  less  pertinaciously  adhered  to  by  him  after  the  war. 

In  1786,  Don  Gardoqui,  the  Spanish  ambassador,  opened  a  nego- 
tiation with  Jay,  the  secretary  for  foreign  affairs,  at  New  York. 
Jay's  instructions  from  Congress  forbade  him  to  make  any  con- 
cessions upon  the  subject  of  the  Mississippi,  and  under  these 
instructions  the  negotiation  began.  Jay  reported  to  Congress 
that  his  opinion  of  the  question  remained  unaltered,  but  that  by 
relinquishing  the  right  for  twenty  years  they  could  obtain  great 
and  important  advantages,  more  than  equivalent  to  the  disad- 
vantages of  the  said  cession,  which,  in  his  opinion,  (so  little  did 
he  anticipate  the  rapid  growth  of  the  west,)  would  be  of  little 
importance  for  twenty  years. 

The  seven  north-eastern  States  voted  to  rescind  the  instructions 
above  alluded  to,  restricting  him  upon  the  subject  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. This  was  violently  opposed  by  Virginia,  and  the  other 
States,  and  as  the  votes  of  nine  States  were  necessary  to  the 
success  of  the  resolution,  and  it  was  obviously  impossible  to 
obtain  so  many  votes  for  the  measure,  the  subject  was  entirely 
relinquished.  Virginia,  in  the  meantime,  by  an  unanimous  vote 
of  her  legislature,  had  instructed  her  delegates  in  Congress  ncvci 
to  accede  to  any  such  proposition ;  and  she  was  warmly  sup- 
ported by  the  other  non-concurring  States.     As  soon   as  these 


206  OUTLINE   HISTORV. 

facts  were  thoroughly  understood  by  the  convention,  they  quietly 
adjourned,  without  action  of  any  kind.  There  was  left  upon  the 
public  mind,  however,  a  restless  jealousy  of  the  intentions  of  the 
north-eastern  States,  which  could,  at  any  time,  be  fanned  into  a 
flame,  and  of  which  political  aspirants  eagerly  availed  themselves, 
whenever  it  suited  their  purposes.  The  name  of  Jay  became 
peculiarly  odious  in  Kentucky,  which  odium  was  not  diminished 
by  his  celebrated  treaty,  concluded  many  years  afterwards. 

Tn  the  meantime,  the  delegates  to  the  fifth  convention,  in  con- 
formity to  the  last  act  of  Virginia,  were  quietly  elected,  and  a 
newspaper,  entitled  the  "  Kentucky  Gazette,"  printed  by  John 
Bradford,  of  Lexington,  having  been  established,  the  pent  up 
passions  of  the  various  political  partisans  found  vent  inats  pages. 
During  this  summer.  General  Wilkinson  descended  the  Missis- 
sippi v\dth  a  cargo  of  tobacco,  for  New  Orleans,  avowedly  upon 
a  mercantile  adventure  alone.  But  those  who  had  been  startled 
by  the  boldness  of  the  general's  project,  of  separation  from  Vir- 
ginia, coupling  this  trip  with  the  recent  agitation  of  the  question 
of  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  and  the  unsettled  state  of 
the  public  mind  in  relation  to  the  Spanish  pretensions,  did  not 
scruple  to  charge  him  with  ulterior  projects,  other  than  commer- 
cial in  their  tendency.  The  delegates,  in  the  meantime,  assem- 
bled in  Danville,  and  again  repeated  the  uniform  decision  of  their 
predecessors,  by  an  unanimous  vote. 

A  copy  of  their  proceedings  was  sent  to  the  executive  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  editor  of  the  Gazette  was  requested  to  publish 
them,  for  the  information  of  the  people.  An  address  to  Congress 
was  adopted,  perfectly  respectful  in  its  character,  praying  that 
honorable  body  to  receive  them  into  the  Union.  The  represen- 
tatives from  Kentucky  to  the  Virginia  legislature,  were  also 
requested  to  exert  their  influence  to  have  a  delegate  to  Congress, 
elected  from  the  district  of  Kentucky,  who  should  sit  with  the 
delegation  from  Virginia.  They  decided  that  the  power  of  Vir- 
ginia should  cease  on  the  31st  of  December,  1788,  and  made 
provision  for  the  election  of  still  another  convention — it  was 
hoped  the  last — to  assemble,  in  ,the  ensuing  year,  at  Danville,  in 
order  to  form  a  constitution,  "the  legislature  of  Virginia  cor- 
dially assented  to  the  suggestion  of  the  convention,  in  relation 
to  the  appointment  of  a  delegate  from  Kentucky,  to  Congress, 
and  Mr.  John  Brown,  a  representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
Virginia  legislature,  was  elected,  by  that  legislature,  a  delegate 
to  Congress,  taking  his  seat  with  the  other  representatives  from 
Virginia.  This  gentleman  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  lawyers 
of  Kentucky,  possessed  of  talents,  influence,  and  popularity.  l}e 
was  charged  with  the  delivery  of  the  petition  of  the  convention 
to  Congress,  and  lost  no  time  in  presenting  himself  before  that 
body. 

The  great  convention,  which  gave  birth  to  the  American  con- 
stitution, had  concluded  their  labors,  in  Philadelphia,  in  September 
1787,  and  the  public  mind  was  so  much  excited  upon  the  subject 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  267 

of  the  new  constitution,  that  the  old  Congress  could  scarcely  be 
kept  alive  until  the  new  government  should  be  organized.  A 
quorum  of  the  members  could  not  be  r£.-llied,  during  the  winter, 
and  although  the  act  of  the  Virginia  legislature  required  theii 
assent  before  the  4th  of  July,  1788,  it  was  not  until  the  3d  of 
July  that  the  question  of  the  admission  of  Kentucky  was  taken 
up.  The  federal  constitution  had  then  been  adopted  by  ten 
States,  and  it  was  certain  that  the  new  government  would  quickly 
go  into  operation.  The  old  Congress  declined  to  act  upon  the 
petition  of  Kentucky,  and  referred  the  question  to  the  new  go- 
vernment, whenever  the  same  should  be  organized. 

Thus  was  Kentucky  again  baffled  in  her  most  ardent  wish,  and 
flung  back  to  the  point  from  which  she  had  started,  more  than 
four  years  before.  Her  long  array  of  conventions  had  in  vain 
decided,  again  and  again,  that  it  was  expedient  to  separate  from 
Virginia,  and  become  an  independent  member  of  the  confederacy. 
Mr.  Brown  communicated  the  intelligence  to  his  constituents  ; 
and  his  own  views  upon  the  subject  are  clearly  contained  in  two 
letters,  the  one  to  Samuel  M'Dowell,  who  had  acted  as  president 
of  nearly  all  the  Kentucky  conventions,  the  other  to  George 
Muter.  In  these  letters  he  attributes  the  refusal  of  Congress,  to 
act  upon  the  petition  of  Kentucky,  to  the  jealousy  of  the  New 
England  States,  of  any  accession  to  the  southern  strength,  in 
Congi-ess,  and  he  inclines  to  the  opinion  that  the  same  causes 
will  have  equal  weight  with  the  new  government.  He  gives  the 
result  of  various  private  interviews  between  himself  and  Don 
Gardoqui,  the  Spanish  minister — speaks  of  the  promises  of  that 
minister,  of  peculiar  commercial  advantages  to  Kentucky,  con- 
nected with  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  if  she  will  erect  lier- 
self  into  an  independent  government ;  but  tliese  advantages,  lie  says,  can 
never  be  yielded  to  her  by  Spain,  so  long  as  she  I'cmains  a  member  of 
tlie  Union  !  He  communicates  this  information  in  confidence,  and 
with  the  permission  of  Don  Gardoqui,  to  a  few  friends,  not  doubt- 
ing that  they  will  make  a  prudent  use  of  it.  He  gives  his  own 
opinion  decidedly  in  favor  of  immediate  independence,  without 
waiting  for  the  result  of  another  application  to  Congress,  under 
the  new  government. 

It  is  worthy  of  observation,  that  in  July  1787,  Harry  Innes, 
attorney-general  of  Kentucky,  wrote  to  the  executive  of  Virginia, 
giving  it  as  his  opinion  that  Kentucky  would  form  an  independent 
government  in  two  or  three  years,  as  Congress  did  not  seem  dis- 
posed to  protect  them,  and  under  the  present  system  she  could  not  exe?-t 
fier  strength.  He  adds,  "  I  have  just  dropped  this  hint  to  your  ex- 
cellency for  matter  of  reflection  !"  Coupling  these  passages  with 
the  early  and  bold  declaration  of  Wilkinson  upon  the  same  sub- 
ject, we  cannot  for  a  moment  doubt,  that  the  project  of  unconsti- 
tutional separation  from  Virginia  and  the  union  was  seriously 
entertained  by  some  of  the  statesmen  of  Kentucky,  including 
Wilkinson,  Brown,  and  Innis,  as  the  prominent  and  leading  char 
acters.     Whether  this  project  was  horrid  and  damnable,  as  char 


268  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

acterized  by  Marshall,  or  innocent  and  patriotic,  as  esteemed  by 
Mr.  Butler,  may  be  left  to  nice  casuists  in  political  morality  to 
decide.  But  that  the  scheme  was  seriously  entertained  cannot 
fairly  be  denied,  and  truth  and  fidelity  require  that  the  historian 
should  not  attempt  to  conceal  it. 

Before  the  result  of  the  application  to  Congress  could  be  known 
in  Kentucky,  the  public  mind  was  powerfully  directed  to  the  im- 
portance of  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  by  the  retm-n  of 
General  Wilkinson  from  New  Orleans,  and  the  intelligence  that 
he  had  obtained  for  himself  the  privilege  of  shipping  tobacco  to 
New  Orleans,  and  depositing  it  in  the  king's  stores,  at  the  price 
of  ten  dollars  per  hundred  weight.  He  immediately  oli'ered  to 
purchase  tobacco  to  any  amount,  and  dilated  eloquently  upon 
the  advantages  that  would  result  to  Kentucky,  even  from  the 
partial  trade  which  he  had  succeeded  in  opening,  but  explained 
that  a  commercial  treaty  might  be  formed  with  Spain,  which 
would  throw  open  their  ports  to  the  whole  western  country,  if 
the  west  were  erected  into  an  independent  government,  capable 
of  treating  with  a  foreign  power.  In  the  meantime  Indian  hos- 
tility never  slumbered,  but  murders  upon  the  frontier  were  inces- 
sant. The  old  confederation  was  about  to  expire,  despised 
abroad  and  scarcely  respected  at  home,  and  early  in  the  spring 
Kentucky  was  called  upon  to  elect  delegates  to  the  Virginia  con- 
vention, which  was  called  to  adopt  or  reject  the  federal  constitu- 
tion. Nearly  every  leading  man  in  Kentucky,  and  an  immense 
majorit}\of  the  people,  were  warmly  anti-federal;  yet  three  of 
the  Kentucky  delegation,  one  from  Fayette  and  two  from  JetTer- 
son,  voted  in  favor  of  its  adoption.  The  member  from  Fayette 
was  no  other  than  the  veteran  historian  of  Kentucky,  Humphrey 
Marshall,  who  certainly  voted  against  the  opinion  of  a  majority 
of  his  constituents. 

On  the  28th  of  July  the  sixth  convention  assembled  at  Dan- 
ville. But  scarcely  had  they  organized  and  commenced  business 
when  the  intelligence  was  communicated  to  them,  that  Congress 
had  declined  to  act  upon  the  petition  of  Kentucky,  and  had  re- 
ferred the  whole  subject  to  the  new  government.  Anger  and 
disappointment  were  strongly  expressed  in  all  quarters.  The 
party  which  with  invincible  firmness  had  uniformly  adhered  to 
"law  and  order,"  now  received  a  rude  shock.  The  party  which 
vaguely  and  cautiously  advocated  immediate  independence,  con- 
trary to  law,  became  more  bold  and  open  in  urging  their  project. 
The  trade  to  New  Orleans,  recently  opened  by  Wilkinson,  was 
made  to  loom  largely  before  the  public  eye,  and  unfolded  visions 
of  future  wealth  which  dazzled  the  imagination.  The  old  con- 
federation was  contemptible,  from  its  helpless  imbecility,  and  the 
new  government,  yet  in  embryo,  was  odious  and  unpopular.  A 
proposition  to  form  a  constitution  without  further  delay  was 
warmly  advocated,  and  it  was  proposed  in  convention  that  the 
question  should  be  submitted  to  each  militia  company  in  the 
district,  and  that  the  captain  of  said  company  should  report  the 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  269 

result  of  the  vote.  This  proposition  awakened  the  most  psission- 
ate  opposition,  and  was  voted  down  by  a  large  majority.  Yet 
the  ambiguous  character  of  the  resolutions  finally  adopted,  dis- 
plays the  balanced  condition  of  parties  in  the  convention,  and 
that  neither  could  fully  carry  out  their  designs.  They  finally 
resolved  that  a  seventh  convention  be  elected  in  October,  and  as- 
semble in  November,  with  general  power  to  take  the  best  stepa 
for  securing  admission  into  the  union,  and  also  the  navigation  of  the 
Mississippi ;  that  they  have  power  to  form  a  constitution,  and  do 
generally  whatever  may  seem  necessary  to  the  best  interests  of 
the  district.  We  clearly  recognize  the  finger  of  each  party  in 
the  above  resolution,  and  may  infer  that  each  felt  their  inability 
to  carry  out  decisive  measures. 

As  the  time  for  the  election  of  the  seventh  convention  ap- 
proached, a  publication  appeared  in  the  Gazette,  signed  by  George 
Muter,  the  chief  justice  of  the  district  court,  which,  in  a  concise 
and  clear  manner  points  out  the  particular  clauses  in  the  laws  of 
Virginia  and  the  articles  of  confederation,  which  would  be  vio- 
lated by  the  formation  of  an  independent  government,  in  the 
manner  proposed  by  the  party  of  which  Wilkinson  was  the  lea- 
der. This  publication  was  universally  attributed  to  Colonel 
Thomas  Marshall,  of  Fayette,  the  father  of  the  late  chief  justice 
Marshall.  This  gentleman  had  emigrated  with  his  family  to 
Kentucky  in  1785,  had  been  appointed  surveyor  of  Fayette 
county,  and  had  taken  an  active  part  in  the  early  struggle  of 
parties  in  Kentucky.  His  opposition  to  the  project  of  indepen- 
dence, contrary  to  law,  was  early,  decided,  and  uncompromising, 
and  two  tickets  were  now  formed  in  the  county  of  Fayette,  for 
the  approaching  convention.  Colonel  Marshall  was  at  the  head 
of  one,  and  General  Wilkinson  of  the  other.  The  old  English 
party  names  of"  Court,"  and  "  Country,"  were  given  to  them  by 
the  wits  of  the  day,  and  the  canvass  was  conducted  with  a  zeal 
and  fervor  proportioned  to  the  magnitude  of  the  questions  in- 
volved in  the  issue.  The  election  lasted  for  five  days,  and  it 
soon  became  evident,  that  the  ticket  headed  by  Marshall  was 
running  ahead.  During  the  election,  Wilkinson  so  far  modified 
his  tone,  as  to  declare  that  his  action  in  the  convention  should  be 
regulated  by  the  instructions  of  his  constituents  ;  and  by  the 
strength  of  his  personal  popularity,  he  was  elected.  Fayette  was 
entitled  to  five  representatives,  of  whom  four  were  elected  fi'om 
the  ticket  headed  by  Marshall,  and  Wilkinson  alone  was  elected, 
of  the  opposite  party. 

In  November  the  delegates  assembled  at  Danville,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  business.  The  resolution  of  Congress,  transmitted  by 
Mr.  Brown,  was  first  referred  to  the  committee  of  the  whole,  with- 
out opposition.  A  motion  was  then  made  to  refer  the  resolution 
of  the  last  convention,  upon  the  subject  of  the  Mississippi  navi- 
gation, to  the  committee  also,  in  order  that  the  whole  subject 
might  be  before  them.  The  restless  jealousy  of  the  "law  and 
order  party"  took  alarm  at  this  proposition,  and  a  keen  and  ani 


270  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

mated  debate  arose  upon  the  question  of  reference.  Wilkinson 
Brown,  Innes,  and  Sebastian,  were  in  favor  of  the  reference,  while 
it  was  warmly  opposed  by  Marshall,  Muter,  Crockett,  Allen,  and 
Christian.  The  reference  was  carried  by  a  large  majority. 
Regarding  this  as  an  unfavorable  indication  of  the  temper  of  the 
convention,  Colonel  Crockett  left  his  seat  on  Saturday,  and  on 
Monday  returned,  with  a  remonstrance,  signed  by  nearly  five 
hundred  citizen.*,  against  violent  or  illegal  separation  from  their 
eastern  brethren.  This  bold  step  undoubtedly  made  a  deep  im- 
pression upon  the  convention,  and  gives  a  lively  indication  of  the 
strong  passions  awakened  by  the  discussion. 

In  the  debate  upon  the  question  of  reference,  Wilkinson  and 
Brown  had  glanced  at  the  project  of  illegal  separation,  in  a  man- 
ner which  showed  that  they  were  doubtful  of  the  temper  of  the 
convention.  General  Wilkinson,  after  dwelling  upon  the  vital 
importance  of  the  navigation  to  Kentucky,  and  the  improbability 
that  Spain  would  ever  grant  it  to  Congress,  concluded,  with  em- 
phasis, "  that  there  was  one  v:ay,  and  only  one,  of  obtaining  this  rich 
prize  for  Kentucky,  and  that  way  was  so  giui~dcd  by  laws,  and  fortijied 
by  constitutions,  that  it  u'as  difficult  and  dangei-ous  of  access."  He 
added,  "  that  Spain  might  concede  to  Kentucky  alone,  what  she 
would  not  concede  to  the  United  States,"  and  "  that  there  was 
information  within  the  power  of  the  convention,  upon  this  sub- 
ject, of  the  first  importance,  which,  he  had  no  doubt,  a  gentleman 
in  the  convention  would  communicate."  He  sat  down,  and 
looked  at  Mr.  Brown  ;  the  eyes  of  all  the  members  traveled  in 
the  same  direction,  expressive  of  very  different  emotions.  JMr. 
Brown  arose,  and  remarked,  "  that  he  did  not  consider  himself  at 
liberty'  to  disclose  the  private  conferences  held  with  Don  Gardo- 
qui,  but  this  much  he  would  aay,  in  general,  that  provided  they 
were  unanimous,  everything  that  they  could  wish  for  was  within  their 
?-cach."  He  then  resumed  his  seat.*  General  Wilkinson  again 
arose,  and  read  a  long  manuscript  essay  upon  the  navigation  of 
the  Mississippi,  giving  the  sheets  to  Sebastian,  as  they  were 
read.  This  essay  was  addressed  to  the  Spanish  intendant.  A 
motion  was  made  to  give  the  thanks  of  the  convention  to  the 
general,  for  the  essay,  which  was  unanimously  concurred  in. 

A  resolution,  offered  by  Edwards,  and  seconded  by  Marshall, 
might  be  regarded  as  a  test  of  the  temper  of  the  convention.  It 
was  "  to  appoint  a  committee  to  draw  up  a  decent  and  respect- 
ful address,  to  the  legislature  of  Virginia,  for  obtaining  the 
independerice  of  Kentucky,  agreeably  to  the  late  resolution  and 
recommendation  of  Congress."  No  opposition  was  made,  and 
the  committee  was  appointed,  of  whom  Wilkinson  was  one,  and 
the  only  one  of  his  party,  on  the  committee.  In  due  time  the 
committee  reported,  an  amendment  was  moved,  which  resulted 
in  the  postponement  of  the  whole  matter  to  a  future  day.  In  the 
interval,  General  Wilkinson  brought  forward  a  preamble  and 
resolution,  which,  after  lamenting  the  divisions  and  distractions 
which  appeared  in  the  convention,  and  urging  the  necessity  of 

*  See  pages  98,  99. 


OUTLINE  HISTOR\.  271 

unanimity,  proposed  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  draw  up 
an  appeal  to  tlie  people,  for  instructions  as  to  their  future  action, 
upon  the  great  subjects  before  them.  The  committee  was  ap- 
pointed, of  which  he  was  chairman.  He  quickly  reported  an 
address  to  the  people,  which  was  referred  to  the  committee  of  the 
whole. 

Before  this  was  acted  upon,  the  address  to  the  Virginia  legis- 
lature, which  had  been  postponed,  came  up.  The  :«ldress  was 
temperate,  respectful,  and  clearly  repelled  the  idea  of  any  but 
constitutional  measures.  It  prayed  the  good  offices  of  the  paient 
State,  in  procuring  their  admission  into  the  Union,  and  if  adopted, 
■was  decisive  of  the  temper  of  the  convention.  It  was  finally 
adopted.  Wilkinson's  address  to  the  people  was  never  after- 
wards called  up.  The  adoption  of  the  address  to  Virginia  gave 
it  a  quiet  deathblow,  from  which  it  did  not  attempt  to  recover. 
An  address  to  Congress  was  also  voted,  and  was  drawn  up  by 
Wilkinson.  The  convention  then  adjourned,  to  meet  again  at  a 
distant  day. 

In  the  meantime  the  legislature  of  Virginia  assembled,  and, 
having  received  information  of  the  refusal  of  Congress  to  act 
upon  the  application  of  Kentucky  for  admission,  they  passed  a 
third  act,  requiring  the  election,  in  Kentucky,  of  a  seventh  con- 
vention, to  assemble  at  Danville,  in  July  1789,  and  go  over  the 
■whole  ground  anew.  They  gave  this  convention  ample  powers 
to  provide  for  the  formation  of  a  State  government.  Two  new 
conditions  were  inserted  in  this  act,  which  gave  serious  dissatis- 
faction to  Kentucky;  but,  upon  complaint  being  made,  they  were 
readily  repealed,  and  need  not  be  liirther  noticed.  In  other  re- 
spects, the  act  was  identical  with  its  predecessors.  An  English 
agent,  from  Canada,  during  this  winter,  visited  Kentucky,  and 
called  upon  Colonel  Marshall,  and  afterwards  upon  Wilkinson. 
His  object  seems  to  have  been  to  sound  the  temper  of  Kentucky, 
and  ascertain  how  far  she  would  be  willing  to  unite  with  Canada, 
in  any  contingency  which  might  arise.  The  people,  believing 
him  to  be  a  British  spy,  as  he  undoubtedly  was,  gave  cei-tain 
indications,  which  caused  him  to  leave  the  country,  with  equal 
secrecy  and  dispatch. 

In  the  meantime  the  people  quietly  elected  delegates  to  the 
seventh  convention,  as  prescribed  in  the  third  act  of  separation, 
■which,  in  July,  1789,  assembled  in  Danville.  Their  first  act  was 
to  draw  up  a  respectful  memorial  to  the  legislature  of  Virginia, 
remonstrating  against  the  new  conditions  of  separation,  which, 
as  we  have  said,  was  promptly  attended  to  by  Virginia,  and  the 
obnoxious  conditions  repealed  by  a  new  act,  which  required 
another  convention  to  assemble  in  1790.  In  the  meantime  the 
new  general  government  had  gone  into  operation  ;  General  Wash- 
ington was  elected  president,  and  the  convention  was  informed, 
oy  the  executive  of  Virginia,  that  the  general  government  would 
lose  no  time  in  organizing  such  a  regular  force  as  would  effec- 
tually  protect    Kentucky   from   Indian   incursions.      This   had 


272  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

become  a  matter  of  pressing  necessity,  for  Indian  murders  had 
become  so  frequent,  that  no  part  of  the  country  was  safe. 

The  eighth  convention  assembled  in  July,  1790,  and  formally 
accepted  the  Virginia  act  of  separation,  which  thus  became  a 
compact,  between  Kentucky  and  Virginia.  A  memorial  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States  and  to  Congress,  was  adopted, 
and  an  address  to  Virginia,  again  praying  the  good  offices  of  the 
parent  State  in  procuring  their  admission  into  the  Union.  Pro- 
vision was  then  made  for  the  election  of  a  ninth  convention,  to 
assemble  in  April,  1791,  and  form  a  State  constitution.  The 
convention  then  adjourned.  In  December,  1790,  President  Wash- 
ington strongly  recommended  to  Congress  to  admit  Kentucky  into 
the  Union.  On  the  4th  of  February,  1791,  an  act  for  that  pur- 
pose had  passed  both  Houses,  and  received  the  signature  of  the 
President. 

We  have  thus  detailed  as  minutely  as  our  limits  would  permit, 
the  long,  vexatious,  and  often  baffled  efforts,  of  the  infant  com- 
munity of  the  West,  to  organize  a  regular  government,  and 
obtain  admission  into  the  Union.  And  it  is  impossible  not  to  be 
struck  with  the  love  of  order,  the  respect  for  law,  and  the  pas- 
sionate attachment  to  their  kindred  race,  beyond  the  mountains, 
which  characterized  this  brave  and  simple  race  of  hunters  and 
farmers.  The  neglect  of  the  old  confederation,  arose,  no  doubt, 
from  its  inherent  imbecility,  but  never  was  parental  care  more 
coldly  and  sparingly  administered.  Separated  by  five  hundred 
miles  of  wilderness,  exposed  to  the  intrigues  of  foreign  govern- 
ments, powerfully  tempted  by  their  own  leading  statesmen,  repul- 
sed in  every  eflbrt  to  obtain  constitutional  independence,  they 
j'et  clung  with  invincible  affection  to  their  government,  and 
turned  a  deaf  ear  to  the  syren  voice,  which  tempted  them  with 
the  richest  gifts  of  fortune,  to  stray  away  from  the  fold  in  which 
they  had  been  nurtured.  The  spectacle  was  touching  and  beau- 
tiful, as  it  was  novel  in  the  history  of  the  world. 


OUTLINE   HISTORY. 


CHAPTER   III 


No  sooner  was  the  new  federal  government  organized  than 
its  attention  was  anxiously  turned  to  the  exposed  condition  of 
the  western  frontier.  A  useless  effort  to  obtain  peace  for  Ken- 
tucky, was  quickly  followed  by  a  military  force  such  as  the  west 
had  never  soen  under  the  federal  government,  but  which  was 
still  utterly  inadequate  to  the  wants  of  the  country. 

General  Harmar,  at  the  head  of  three  hundred  and  fifty  regu- 
lars, was  authorized  to  call  around  his  standard  fifteen  hundred 
militia  from  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia.  A  considerable  part  of 
this  force  rendezvoused  at  Cincinnati,  in  September,  1790,  and 
marched  in  hostile  array  upon  the  Miami  towns.  The  result  was 
most  disastrous.  Two  large  detachments,  composed  both  of 
regulars  and  militia,  were  successively  surprised,  and  routed  with 
dreadful  slaughter.  The  regulars  were  absolutely  destroyed,  and 
the  militia  sustained  enormous  loss.  Harmar  returned  with  loss 
of  reputation,  and  the  events  of  the  campaign  were  such  as  to 
impress  Kentucky  with  the  belief  that  regulars  were  totally  unfit 
for  Indian  warfare.  They  zealously  endeavored  to  impress  this 
truth  upon  the  mind  of  the  President,  and  were  not  a  little  discon- 
tented that  he  adhered  to  his  own  opinion  in  opposition  to  theirs. 

To  satisfy  them  as  much  as  possible,  however,  a  local  board  of 
war  was  appointed  in  Kentucky,  composed  of  General  Scott, 
Shelby,  Innes,  Logan,  and  Brown,  who  were  authorized  to  call 
out  the  militia,  into  the  service  of  the  United  States,  whenever 
they  thought  proper,  to  act  in  conjunction  with  regular  troops. 
Under  the  direction  of  this  board,  an  expedition  of  eight  hundred 
mounted  men  under  General  Scott,  under  whom  Wilkinson  served 
as  second  in  command,  was  got  up  against  the  north-western 
tribes.  Some  skirmishing  ensued,  some  prisoners  were  taken, 
and  about  fifty  Indians  killed.  No  loss  of  any  amount  was  sus- 
tained by  the  detachment,  but  no  decisive  or  permanent  impres- 
sion was  made  upon  the  Indians. 

Warned,  by  the  disastrous  campaign  of  Harmar,  of  the  neces- 
sity of  employing  a  greater  force,  the  general  government  em- 
ployed two  thousand  regular  troops,  composed  of  cavalry,  in- 
fantry, and  artillery,  in  the  ensuing  campaign.  The  command 
was  given  to  General  St.  Clair,  the  governor  of  the  north-western 
territory.  This  gentleman  was  old  and  infirm,  and  had  been 
very  unfortunate  in  his  military  career,  during  the  Revolutionary 
war.  He  was  particularly  unpopular  in  Kentucky,  and  no  volun- 
teers could  be  found  to  serve  under  him.  One  thousand  Ken- 
tuckians  were  drafted,  however,  and  reluctantly  compelled  to 
serve  under  a  gouty  old  disciplinarian,  whom  they  disliked,  and 
in  conjunction  with  a  regular  force,  which  they  regarded  as 
doomed  to  destruction  in  Indian  warfare.  The  consequence  was 
I.. .18 


274  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

that  desertions  of  the  militia  occurred  daily,  and  when  the  battle 
day  came  there  were  only  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  in  camp. 

The  army  left  Cincinnati  about  the  1st  of  October,  and  en- 
camped upon  one  of  the  tributaries  of  the  Wabash  on  the  even- 
ing of  the  3d  of  November.  Encumbered  by  wagons  and  ar- 
tillery, their  march  through  the  wilderness  had  been  slow  and 
painful.  His  Kentucky  force  had  dwindled  at  every  step,  and 
about  the  1st  of  jVovember  a  whole  regiment  deserted.  The 
general  detached  a  regiment  of  regulars  after  them,  to  protect 
the  stores  in  the  rear,  and,  with  the  residue  of  his  force,  scarcely 
exceeding  one  thousand  men,  continued  his  march  to  the  encamp- 
ment upon  the  tributary  of  the  Wabash.  Here  he  was  assailed, 
at  daylight,  by  about  twelve  hundred  Indians,  who  surrounded 
his  encampment,  and,  lurking  under  such  cover  as  the  woods  af- 
forded, poured  a  fire  upon  his  men,  more  destructive  than  the 
annals  of  Indian  warfare  had  yet  witnessed.  His  troops  were 
raw,  but  his  officers  were  veterans,  and  strove  for  three  hours, 
with  a  bravery  which  deserved  a  better  fate,  to  maintain  the 
honor  of  their  arms.  Gallant  and  repeated  charges  were  made 
with  the  bayonet,  and  always  with  temporary  success.  But 
their  nimble  adversaries,  although  retreating  from  the  bayonet, 
still  maintained  a  slaughtering  fire  upon  the  regulars,  which 
swept  away  officers  and  men  by  scores  in  every  charge.  A  re- 
treat was  at  length  ordered,  which  quickly  became  a  rout,  and 
a  more  complete  overthrow  was  never  witnessed.  The  remnant 
of  the  troops  regained  fort  Jefferson,  twenty-nine  miles  from  the 
battle  ground,  on  the  night  after  the  battle,  and  thence  retreated 
to  Cincinnati,  in  somewhat  better  order. 

This  dreadful  disaster  produced  great  sensation  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  especially  in  Kentucky.  A  corps  of  mounted 
volunteers  assembled  with  great  alacrity,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
lieving St.  Clair,  who  was  at  first  supposed  to  be  besieged  in  fort 
Jefferson,  but  upon  the  receipt  of  more  correct  intelligence,  they 
were  disbanded. 

In  December,  1791,  the  ninth  and  last  convention  was  elected, 
who  assembled  at  Danville  in  April  following,  and  formed  the 
first  constitution  of  Kentucky.  George  Nicholas,  who  had  emi- 
nently distinguished  himself  in  the  Virginia  convention  which 
adopted  the  federal  constitution,  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  convention  from  the  county  of  Mercer,  and  took  an 
active  and  leading  part  in  the  formation  of  the  first  constitution. 
This  constitution  totally  abandoned  the  aristocratic  features  of 
the  parent  State,  so  far  as  representation  by  counties  was  con- 
cerned, and  established  numbers  as  the  basis.  Suffrage  was  uni- 
versal, and  sheriff's  were  elected  triennially  by  the  people. 

But  while  these  departures  from  the  constitution  of  Virginia  dis- 
played the  general  predominance  of  the  democratic  principle  in 
Kentucky,  there  are  strong  indications  that  the  young  statesmen 
of  the  west,  were  disposed  to  curb  the  luxuriance  of  this  mighty 
element,  by  strong  checks.      The  executive,  the  senate,  and  tlie 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  275 

judiciary,  were  entirely  removed  from  the  direct  control  of  the 
people.  The  governor  was  chosen  by  electors,  who  were  elected 
by  the  people  for  that  purpose  every  fourth  year.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  senate  were  appointed  by  the  same  electoral  col- 
lege which  chose  the  president,  and  might  be  selected  indilie- 
rently  from  any  part  of  the  State.  The  judiciary  were  appointed 
as  at  present,  and  held  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 
The  supreme  court,  however,  had  original  and  final  jurisdiction 
in  all  land  cases.  This  last  feature  was  engrafted  upon  the 
constitution,  by  Colonel  Nicholas,  and  was  most  expensive  and 
mischievous  in  practice.  The  constitution  was  adopted,  and 
the  officers  elected,  in  May,  1792.  Isaac  Shelby  was  elected 
governor,  a  brave  and  plain  officer,  who  had  gallantly  served  in 
the  Revolutionary  war,  and  distinguished  himself  at  Kings' 
Mountain,  and  Point  Pleasant.  Alexander  Bullitt  was  chosen 
speaker  of  the  senate,  and  Robert  Breckinridge  of  the  house 
of  representatives.  The  governor  met  both  branches  of  the 
legislature  in  the  senate  chamber,  and  personally  addressed 
them  in  a  brief  speech,  in  reply  to  which  they  voted  an  address. 
James  Brown  was  the  first  secretary  of  state,  and  George  Nich- 
olas the  first  attorney-general.  John  Brown  and  John  Edwards 
(heretofore  political  opponents,)  were  elected,  by  joint  ballot, 
senators  to  Congress.  They  fixed  upon  Frankfort  as  tlie  future 
seat  of  government,  by  a  process  somewhat  singular.  Twenty- 
^ve  commissioners  were  first  chosen  by  general  ballot;  then  the 
counties  of  Mercer  and  Fayette,  the  rival  competitors  for  the 
seat  of  government,  alternately  struck  five  names  from  the  list 
until  the  commissioners  were  reduced  to  five.  These  last  were 
empowered  to  fix  upon  the  capital. 

The  legislature  was  busily  engaged,  during  its  first  session,  in 
organizing  the  government.  The  judiciary  and  the  revenue 
principally  engaged  their  attention.  Acts  passed,  establishing 
the  supreme  court,  consisting  of  three  judges,  county  courts,  and 
courts  of  quarter  session,  the  latter  having  common  law  and 
chancery  jurisdiction  over  five  pounds,  and  a  court  of  oyer  and 
terminer  composed  of  three  judges,  having  criminal  jurisdiction, 
and  sitting  twice  in  the  year.  Taxes  were  imposed  upon  land, 
cattle,  carriages,  billiard  tables,  ordinary  licenses  and  retail  stores. 

In  the  meantime  Indian  depredations  were  incessant,  and 
General  Washington,  to  the  infinite  distress  of  Kentucky,  perse- 
vered in  the  employment  of  a  regular  force,  instead  of  mounted 
militia,  in  the  north-west.  St.  Clair  was  superseded  and  Gene- 
ral Wayne  became  his  successor.  A  regular  force,  aided  by 
militia,  was  again  to  be  organized,  and  a  final  effort  made  to 
crush  the  hostile  ti'ibes.  General  Wilkinson  received  a  commis- 
sion in  the  regular  service,  and  joined  the  army  of  Wayne.  In 
December,  1792,  Colonel  John  Hardin,  of  Kentucky,  who  had 
commanded  detachments  under  Ilarmar,  was  sent  as  a  messen- 
ger of  peace  to  the  hostile  tribes,  and  was  murdered  by  them. 
Boats  were  intercepted  at  every  point  on  the  Ohio,  from   th« 


276  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

mouth  of  Kanawha  to  Louis\'ille,  and  in  some  cases  their  crews 
murdered.  Stations  upon  the  frontiers,  were  sometimes  boldly 
attacked,  and  were  kept  perpetually  on  the  alert.  Yet  the  Pres- 
ident was  compelled,  by  public  opinion,  in  the  east,  to  make  an- 
other fruitless  eflbrt  for  peace  with  these  enraged  tribes,  during 
the  pendency  of  which  effort,  all  hostilities  from  Kentucky  were 
strictly  forbidden.  Great  dissatisfaction  and  loud  complaints 
against  the  mismanagement  of  government  were  incessant.  In 
addition  to  the  Indian  war,  the  excise  law  told  with  some  effect 
upon  the  distilleries  of  Kentucky,  and  was  peculiarly  odious. 
Kentucky  had  been  strongly  anti-federal  at  the  origin  of  the 
government,  and  nothing  had  occurred  since  to  change  this  origi- 
nal bias. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1793,  circumstances  occurred  which  fan- 
ned the  passions  of  the  people  into  a  peri'ect  flame  of  disaffection. 
The  French  Revolution  had  sounded  a  tocsin  which  reverberated 
throughout  the  whole  civilized  world.  The  worn  out  despotisms 
of  Europe,  after  standing  aghast  for  a  moment,  in  doubtful  inac- 
tivity, had  awakened  at  length  into  ill-concerted  combinations 
against  the  young  republic,  and  France  was  engaged  in  a  life 
and  death  struggle,  against  Britain,  Spain,  Prussia,  Austria,  and 
the  German  principalities.  With  this  war  the  United  States  had, 
strictly,  nothing  to  do,  and  the  best  interests  of  the  country  clearly 
required  a  rigid  neutrality;  which  President  Washington  had  not 
only  sagacity  to  see,  but  firmness  to  enforce  by  a  proclamation, 
early  in  1793.  The  passions  of  the  people,  however,  far  outran 
all  consideration  of  prudence  or  interest,  and  displayed  them- 
selves in  favor  of  France,  with  a  frantic  enthusiasm  which  threat- 
ened perpetually  to  involve  the  country  in  a  disastrous  war  with 
all  the  rest  of  Europe.  The  terrible  energy  which  the  French 
Republic  displayed,  against  such  fearful  odds,  the  haughty  crest 
with  which  she  confronted  her  enemies,  and  repelled  them  from 
her  frontier  on  every  point,  presented  a  spectacle  well  calculated 
to  dazzle  the  friends  of  democracy  throughout  the  world.  The 
horrible  atrocities  which  accompanied  these  brilliant  efforts  of 
courage,  were  overlooked  in  the  fervor  of  a  passionate  sym- 
pathy, or  attributed,  in  part,  to  the  exaggerations  of  the  British 
press. 

The  American  people  loved  France  as  their  ally  in  the  Revo- 
lution, and  now  regarded  her  as  a  sister  republic  contending  for 
freedom  against  banded  despots.  The  sympathy  was  natural, 
and  sprang  from  the  noblest  principles  of  the  heart,  but  was  not 
on  that  account,  less  threatening  and  disastrous  to  the  future 
happiness  and  prosperity  of  the  country.  Washington,  fully 
aware  of  the  danger,  boldly  and  firmly  strove  to  restrain  the 
passions  of  his  countrymen  from  overt  acts  of  hostility  to  the 
powers  at  war  with  France,  and  in  so  doing,  brought  upon  him- 
self a  burst  of  passion,  which  put  his  character  to  the  most 
severe  test.  In  no  part  of  the  world  did  the  French  fever  blaze 
more  brightly  than  in  Kentucky.     Attributing  to  English  perfidy 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  277 

in  refusing  to  surrender  the  western  posts,  the  savage  murders, 
which  desolated  their  frontier,  they  hated  that  nation  with  the 
same  fierce  i'ervor  with  which  they  loved  France.  The  two  pas- 
sions fanned  each  other,  and  united  with  the  excise  and  the 
Indian  war  in  kindling  a  spirit  of  disaffection  to  the  general  gov- 
ernment, which,  more  than  once,  assumed  a  threatening  aspect. 

Citizen  Genet,  the  ambassador  of  the  French  Republic,  landed 
at  Charleston  in  the  spring  of  1793,  and  was  received  with  a 
burst  of  enthusiasm,  which  seems  completely  to  have  turned  his 
brain.  His  progress  through  the  country  to  New  York,  was  like 
the  triumphant  march  of  a  Roman  conqueror.  Treating  the 
President's  proclamation  of  neutrality  with  contempt,  he  pro- 
ceeded openly  to  arm  and  equip  privateers,  and  to  enlist  crews 
in  American  ports  to  cruize  against  the  commerce  of  England 
and  Spain,  as  if  the  United  States  were  openly  engaged  in  the 
war,  as  an  ally  of  France.  Four  French  agents  were  sent  by 
him  to  Kentucky,  with  orders  to  enlist  an  army  of  two  thousand 
men,  appoint  a  generalissimo,  and  descending  the  Ohio  and  Mis- 
sissippi in  boats,  attack  the  Spanish  settlements  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  bring  the  whole  of  that  country  under  the 
dominion  of  the  French  republic.  The  troops  and  olficers  were 
to  receive  the  usual  pay  of  French  soldiers,  and  magnificent 
donations  of  land  in  the  conquered  provinces. 

There  was  a  cool  impudence  in  all  this  which  startled  the  minds 
of  many,  but  the  great  mass  were  so  thoroughly  imbued  with 
the  French  fever,  that  they  embraced  the  project  with  ardor,  and 
regarded  the  firm  opposition  of  Washington  with  open  indig- 
nation, expressed  in  the  strongest  terms.  General  George  Rogers 
Clark  accepted  the  office  of  Generalissimo,  with  the  high 
sounding  title  of  "Major  General  in  the  armies  of  France  and 
Commander  in  Chief  of  the  French  Revolutionary  Legions  on 
the  Mississippi,"  and  great  activity  was  displayed  in  enlisting 
men  and  officers  for  the  expedition.  Upon  the  first  intelligence 
of  this  extraordinary  project,  the  President  caused  Governor 
Shelby  to  be  informed  of  it,  and  explaining  to  him  the  mischief 
which  would  result  to  the  United  States,  requested  him  to  warn 
the  citizens  against  it.  The  governor  replied,  that  he  did  not 
believe  that  any  such  project  was  contemplated  in  Kentucky, 
"  That  her  citizens  were  possessed  of  too  just  a  sense  of  the 
obligations  due  to  the  general  government  to  embark  in  such  an 
enterprise." 

In  the  meantime  democratic  societies,  somewhat  in  imitation 
of  the  terrible  Jacobin  clubs  of  France,  were  established  in  the 
east,  and  rapidly  extended  to  Kentucky.  There  were  established 
during  the  summer  of  1793,  one  in  Lexington,  another  in  George- 
towji,  and  a  third  in  Paris.  Their  spirit  was  violently  anti-fede- 
ral. The  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  the  excise,  the  Indian 
war,  the  base  truckling  to  England,  the  still  baser  desertion  of 
France,  in  the  hour  of  her  terrible  struggle  with  the  leagued  des- 
potism of  the  old  world,  became  subjects  of  passionate  declama- 


278  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

tion  in  the  clubs,  and  violent  invectives  in  the  papers.  The  pro- 
tracted negotiation  then  in  progress  with  Spain,  relative  to  the 
navigation  of  tiie  Mississippi,  although  pressed  by  the  executive, 
with  incessant  earnestness,  had  as  yet  borne  no  fruit.  The  sleep- 
less jealousy  of  the  west,  upon  that  subject,  was  perpetually 
goaded  into  distrust  of  the  intentions  of  the  genfsral  government. 
It  was  rumored  that  their  old  enemy.  Jay,  was  about  to  be  sent 
to  England,  to  form  an  alliance  with  that  hated  power,  against 
their  beloved  France ;  and  it  was  insinuated  that  the  old  project, 
of  abandoning  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  would  be  revi- 
ved the  moment  that  the  power  in  Congress  could  be  obtained. 
Under  the  influence  of  all  these  circumstances,  it  would  have 
been  difficult  to  find  a  part  of  the  United  States  in  which  anti- 
federal  passions  blazed  more  fiercely  than  in  Kentucky.  The 
French  emissaries  found  their  project  received  with  the  warmest 
favor.  The  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  forever,  would  be 
the  only  direct  benefit  accruing  to  Kentucky,  but  French  pay, 
French  rank,  and  lands  ad  libitum,  were  the  allurements  held  out 
to  the  private  adventurers. 

In  November,  1793,  there  was  a  second  communication  from 
the  President  to  the  governor.  This  stated  that  the  Spanish 
minister,  at  Washington,  had  complained  of  the  armament  pre- 
paring in  Kentucky,  mentioned  the  names  of  the  Frenchmen 
engaged  in  it,  of  whom  Lachaise  and  Depeau  were  chief,  and 
earnestly  exhorted  the  governor  to  suppress  the  enterprise,  by 
every  means  in  his  power,  suggesting  legal  prosecution,  and,  in 
case  of  necessity,  a  resort  to  the  militia.  The  governor  of  the 
north-western  territory  (the  unfortunate  St.  Clair),  about  the 
same  time,  communicated  to  Governor  Shelby,  that  extraordinary 
preparations  seemed  to  be  going  on  for  the  enterprise.  Two  of 
the  French  emissaries  also  wrote  to  the  governor,  and  we  are 
tempted  to  give  the  letter  of  Depeau  in  full.     Here  it  is : 

"  Citizen  Governor, 

It  may  appear  quite  strange  to  write  to  you  on  a  subject,  in 
which,  although  it  is  of  some  consequence.  With  confidence 
from  the  French  ambassador  I  have  been  dispatched  Avith  more 
Frenchmen  to  join  the  expedition  of  the  Mississippi.  As  I  am  to 
procure  the  provision  I  am  happy  to  communicate  to  you,  what- 
ever you  shall  think  worthy  of  my  notice,  as  I  hope  1  have  in 
no  way  disoblige  you ;  if  I  have,  I  will  most  willingly  ask  your 
pardon.  For  no  body  can  be  more  than  1  am,  willing  for  your 
prosperity  and  happiness.  As  some  strange  reports  has  reached 
my  ears  that  your  excellence  has  positive  orders  to  arrest  all  citi- 
zens inclining  to  our  assistance,  and  as  my  remembrance  know 
by  your  conduct,  in  justice  you  will  satisfy  in  this  uncommon 
request.  Please  let  me  know  as  I  shall  not  make  my  supply 
till  your  excellence  please  to  honor  me  with  a  small  answer.  I 
am  your  well  wisher  in  remaining  for  the  French  cause,  a  true 
citizen  Democrat.  CHARLES  DEPEAU." 


1 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  279 

"  Postscript.  Please  to  participate  some  of  these  hand  bills  to 
that  noble  society  of  democrats.  I  also  enclose  a  paper  from 
Pittsburgh." 

The  governor  replied  to  citizen  Depeau  in  a  grave  and  formal 
manner,  reciting,  at  length,  the  information  and  instructions  he 
had  received  from  the  department  of  state,  and  concluding  with 
the  remark,  that  his  official  position  would  compel  him  to  pay 
some  attention  to  them.  As  to  whether  he  "participated"  the 
handbills  to  the  "  noble  society  of  democrats,"  the  voice  of  his- 
tory is,  unfortunately,  silent. 

About  the  same  time  General  Wayne  wrote  to  the  Governor, 
advising  him  that  the  regular  cavalry,  then  wintering  in  Ken- 
tucky, under  the  command  of  Ma.jor  Winston,  would  be  subject 
to  his  orders,  and  that  an  additional  force  should  be  furnished,  if 
necessary,  to  repress  any  illegal  expedition  from  Kentucky. 
The  reply  of  the  governor  to  the  secretary  of  state,  is  somevv'hat 
curious,  and  shows  that  the  views  of  the  brave  and  plain  old 
soldier  had  become  somewhat  warped,  from  their  original  simpli- 
city, by  the  nice  distinctions  and  quibbling  subtleties  of  his  legal 
advisers.     The  following  extracts  from  his  reply  are  given. 

"  I  have  great  doubts,  even  if  they  (General  Clark  and  the 
Frenchmen,)  attempt  to  carry  this  plan  into  execution,  (provided 
they  manage  the  business  with  prudence,)  whether  there  is  any 
legal  authority  to  restrain  or  to  punish  them,  at  least  before  they 
have  actually  accomplished  it.  For  if  it  is  lawful  for  any  one 
citizen  of  this  state  to  leave  it,  it  is  equally  so  for  any  number  of 
them  to  do  it.  It  is  also  lawful  for  them  to  carry  with  them  any 
quantity  of  provisions,  ammunition  and  arms.  And  if  the  act  is 
lawful  in  itself,  there  is  nothing  but  the  intention  with  which  it  is 
done  which  can  make  it  unlawful.  But  I  know  of  no  law  which 
inflicts  a  punishment  upon  intention  only,  or  any  criterion  by 
which  to  decide  what  would  be  sufficient  evidence  of  that  inten- 
tion." Again  he  says,  "  Much  less  would  I  assume  power  to 
exercise  it  against  men  whom  I  consider  as  friends  and  brethren, 
in  favor  of  a  man,  whom  I  view  as  an  enemy  and  a  tyrant.  I 
shall  also  feel  but  little  inclination  to  take  an  active  part  in  pun- 
ishing or  restraining  my  fellow  citizens  for  a  supposed  intention 
only,  to  gratify  or  remove  the  fears  of  the  minister  of  a  prince 
who  openly  withholds  from  us  an  invaluable  right,  and  who  se- 
cretly instigates  against  us  a  most  savage  and  cruel  enemy." 

These  extracts  are  given  as  powerfully  illustrative  of  the 
times.  The  course  of  reasoning  and  passions  disclosed  in  them, 
were  not  peculiar  to  Governor  Shelby,  but  were  shared  by  a  vast 
majority  of  the  citizens  of  every  class.  Upon  receiving  this 
answer,  the  President  gave  orders  to  General  Wayne  to  occupy 
fort  Massac  with  artillery,  and  to  take  such  other  steps  as  might 
be  necessary  to  arrest  this  mad  expedition. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  democratic  societies  resorted  to  every 
method  of  inflaming  the  popular  mind  upon  the  subject  of  the 
lavigation  of  the    Mississippi,  and    the  jealousy  of   the     east, 


280  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

which  they  contended  was  the  true  cause  of  the  failure  of  the 
general  government  to  procure  it  for  them.  They  had  invited  a 
general  meeting  of  the  people  in  Lexington,  in  the  spring  of 
1794,  where  resolutions  were  adopted  of  a  violent  character, 
breathing  the  deepest  hostility  to  the  general  government,  and 
inviting  the  citizens  of  the  different  counties  to  hold  meetings 
and  elect  delegates  to  a  convention,  whose  object  was  not  pre- 
cisely defined,  but  which  looked  in  the  old  direction  of  separation. 
Just  at  this  time,  however,  the  intelligence  came  that  citizen 
Genet  had  been  recalled,  that  his  acts  were  disavowed  by  the 
French  government,  and  all  his  proceedings  disapproved.  At 
once,  Messieurs  Lachaise  and  Depeau  lost  all  authority.  General 
Clark  was  stripped  of  his  magnificent  title,  and  the  splendid 
vision  of  conquest  in  the  south,  which  had  dazzled  the  eyes  of 
the  Kentuckians,  vanished  into  air.  The  project  of  a  conven- 
tion, so  fiercely  demanded  by  the  late  resolutions,  fell  still-born, 
and  a  reasonable  degree  of  tranquility  was  restored  to  the  public 
mind. 

In  the  mean  time  preparations  for  another  campaign  against 
the  Indians,  were  incessantly  urged  by  the  President.  During 
the  summer  of  1793,  a  powerful  regular  force  had  been  concen- 
trated at  Cincinnati,  and  a  requisition  was  made  on  Governor 
Shelby  for  one  thousand  mounted  riflen2'?n.  None  would  volun- 
teer, and  a  draft  was  again  resorted  to.  The  reinforcement 
reached  Wayne  in  October,  and  during  its  stay,  had  an  opportu- 
nity of  witnessing  the  energy  and  discipline  infused  into  the 
regular  force  by  its  gallant  commander. 

The  season  was  too  far  advanced  for  active  operations,  and 
the  Kentucky  contingent  was  dismissed  until  the  following  spring. 
A  much  better  opinion  of  the  efficiency  of  a  regular  force  was 
diffused  through  the  country  by  the  return  of  the  mounted  men, 
and  in  the  following  spring,  fifteen  hundred  volunteers  took  the 
field  with  alacrity  under  the  command  of  General  Scott,  and 
joined  the  regular  force  under  Wayne.  That  intrepid  com- 
mander, after  one  more  ineffectual  effort  to  obtain  peace,  marched 
into  the  heart  of  the  hostile  country,  and  on  the  morning  of  the 
20th  of  August,  attacked  them  in  a  formidable  position  which 
they  occupied  near  the  rapids  of  the  Miami.  A  dense  forest,  for 
miles  had  been  overthrown  by  a  tempest,  and  the  Indians  occu- 
pied this  forest,  upon  which  neither  cavalry  nor  artillery  could 
make  any  eflectual  impression.  Wayne  ordered  the  mounted 
riflemen  to  make  a  circuit  far  to  the  left  and  operate  upon  the 
right  flank  and  rear  of  the  enemy,  while  the  regular  infantry 
was  formed,  under  the  eye  of  the  commander  in  chief,  directly 
in  front  of  the  fallen  timber.  After  allowing  time  for  the 
mounted  men  to  take  their  designated  position,  the  general  or- 
dered the  regulars  to  make  a  rapid  charge  with  the  bayonet 
upon  the  Indian  position,  without  firing  a  shot  until  the  enemy 
should  be  roused  from  their  covert,  and  then  to  deliver  a  general 
fire.     This  order  was  promptly  executed,  and  resulted  in  a  total 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  281 

route  of  the  enemy.  The  conquering  troops  pressed  their  ad- 
vantage, and  never  was  victory  more  complete.  The  action 
viras  fought  almost  under  the  guns  of  a  British  fort,  and  the  routed 
enemy  tied  in  that  direction.  It  was  with  the  utmost  difhculty 
that  a  collision  was  prevented,  as  the  Kentucky  troops  were 
violently  incensed  against  the  British,  who  undoubtedly  furnished 
the  Indians  with  arms  and  ammunition.  All  the  houses  and 
stores  around  the  fort  were  destroyed,  notwithstanding  the  spi- 
rited remonstrances  of  the  British  commandant,  but  further  hos- 
tilities were  avoided. 

This  brilliant  success  was  followed  by  the  most  decisive  results. 
A  long  series  of  defeats  had  injured  the  credit  of  the  govern- 
ment, and  the  Indian  tribes  of  the  east  and  south,  gave  indica- 
tions of  a  disposition  to  co-operate  with  their  brethren  in  the 
north-west.  But  the  shock  of  the  victory  at  the  Rapids,  was 
instantly  felt  in  all  quarters.  A  treaty  was  made  with  the  hos- 
tile tribes,  which  was  observed  until  the  war  of  1812,  while  the 
Six  Nations  of  the  east,  and  the  Cherokees  in  the  south,  instantly 
became  pacific,  even  to  servility. 

The  ett'ect  in  Kentucky  was  scarcely  less  propitious.  A  better 
feeling  towards  the  general  government  was  instantly  visible, 
which  manifested  itself  by  the  election  of  Humphrey  Marshall, 
in  the  ensuing  winter,  to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  over 
the  popular  and  talented  John  Breckinridge;  Marshall  being  a 
determined  federalist,  and  his  competitor  a  republican  or 
democrat. 

During  this  winter  an  attempt  was  made  by  the  legislature 
to  remove  by  address  two  of  the  judges  of  the  supreme  court, 
George  Muter  and  Benjamin  Sebastian.  Their  crime  was  a  de- 
cision in  an  important  land  suit,  flagrantly  illegal,  and  which 
would  have  been  most  mischievous  in  its  consequences,  if  adhe- 
red to.  The  eflbrt,  as  usual,  failed,  but  the  court  revised  its 
opinion  and  changed  its  decision.  By  another  act,  the  courts  of 
quarter  session  were  abolished,  as  well  as  the  court  of  oyer  and 
terminer,  and  the  district  courts  established  in  their  places.  All 
the  judges  i-etired  with  their  courts.  Original  jurisdiction  in 
land  cases  was  also  taken  away  from  the  supreme  court,  and 
conferred  upon  the  district  courts.  An  act  also  passed  obliging 
every  white  male,  over  sixteen,  to  kill  a  certain  number  of  crows 
and  squirrels  annually,  which  is  too  characteristic  of  the  times 
to  be  omitted. 

The  good  humor  created  by  Wayne's  victory  was  sadly  disturb- 
ed by  the  intelligence  received  in  the  spring  of  1795,  that  Jay  had 
concluded  a  treaty  with  Great  Britain,  which,  if  ratified,  would  pro- 
duce the  immediate  surrender  of  the  north-western  posts,  and 
insure  peace,  tranquillity,  and  rapid  appreciation  of  property  in 
Kentucky.  Yet  so  much  more  powerful  is  passion  than  interest, 
that  the  intelligence  of  this  treaty  was  received  with  a  burst  of 
fury,  throughout  Kentucky,  that  knew  nb  bounds.  The  people 
regai-ded  it  as  a  base  desertion  of  an  ancient  friend  i=trugglin^ 


282  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

with  a  host  of  enemies,  and  a  cowardly  truckling  to  England 
from  cold  blooded  policy,  or  a  secret  attachment  to  aristocratic 
institutions.  Their  senator,  Marshall,  with  that  firmness  of  pur- 
pose which  eminently  distinguished  him  through  life,  had  voted 
for  the  conditional  ratification  of  the  treaty,  against  the  wishes 
of  a  vast  majority  of  his  constituents.  This  determined  exercise 
of  his  own  judgment,  exposed  him  to  popular  odium,  and  even 
personal  violence  upon  his  return,  from  which  he  made  a  narrow 
escape. 

A  treaty  with  Spain  was  also  concluded  in  October,  1795,  by 
which  the  right  to  navigate  the  Mississippi  to  the  ocean,  was 
conceded  to  the  United  States,  together  with  a  right  of  deposit 
at  New  Orleans,  which,  in  effect,  embraced  all  that  Kentucky 
desired.  Peace  with  the  Indians,  the  surrender  of  the  posts,  the 
navigation  of  the  jMississippi,  had  at  length  been  obtained,  by 
the  incessant  exertions  of  the  general  government,  for  Kentucky. 

But  pending  the  negotiation  with  Spain,  an  intrigue  was  com- 
menced, between  the  agents  of  that  power  and  certain  citizens 
of  Kentucky,  which  was  not  fully  disclosed  to  the  country  until 
the  year  1806,  and  the  full  extent  of  which  is  not  even  yet  cer- 
tainly known.  In  July,  1795,  the  Spanish  governor,  Carondelet, 
dispatched  a  certain  Thomas  Power  to  Kentucky,  with  a  letter 
to  Benjamin  Sebastian,  then  a  judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of 
Kentucky.  In  this  communication  he  alludes  to  the  confidence 
reposed  in  the  judge  by  his  predecessor.  General  Miro,  and  the 
fonncr  corrcspondaice  which  had  passed  between  them.  He  de- 
clared that  his  Catholic  majesty  was  willing  to  open  the  Missis- 
sippi to  the  iceslcrn  country,  and  to  effect  that  object,  and  to  nego- 
tiate a  treaty,  in  relation  to  this  and  other  matters,  Sebastian 
was  requested  to  have  agents  chosen  by  the  people  of  Kentucky, 
who  should  meet  Colonel  Gayoso,  a  Spanish  agent,  at  New 
Madrid,  when  all  matters  could  be  adjusted.  Judge  Sebastian 
communicated  this  letter  to  Judge  Innes,  George  Nicholas  and 
William  Murray,  the  latter  a  very  eminent  lawjer  of  Kentucky, 
of  the  federal  party,  and  they  all  agreed  that  Sebastian  should 
meet  Gaj'oso  at  New  Madrid,  and  hear  what  he  had  to  propose. 
The  meeting  accordingly  took  place,  and  the  outline  of  a  treaty 
was  agreed  to,  but  before  matters  were  concluded,  intelligence 
was  received  of  the  treaty  concluded  with  Spain  by  the  United 
States,  by  which  the  navigation  was  effectually  and  legally  se- 
cured. The  Spanish  governor  broke  up  the  negotiation,  much 
to  the  dissatisfaction  of  Sebastian,  who  concluded  that  the  regidar 
treaty  would  not  be  ratified,  and  preferred  carrying  out  the  irreg- 
ular negotiation  then  commenced. 

All  communication  then  ceased,  so  far  as  is  known,  until  1797. 
The  commissioners  were  busily  engaged  in  marking  the  line  of 
boundary  between  Spain  and  the  United  States,  as  fixed  by  the 
treaty,  when  Carondelet  again  opened  the  negotiation.  His  for- 
mer agent,  Thomas  Po\A-er,  again  appeared  in  Louisville,  with  a 
letter  to  Sebastian,  and  a  request  that  Sebastian  would  disclose 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  283 

its  contents  to  Innes,  Nicholas  and  Murray.  Sebastian  positively- 
refused  to  hold  any  intercourse  with  Murray,  but  instantly  show- 
ed the  letter  to  Judge  Tnnes.  The  scheme  unfolded  in  this  letter 
was,  "  to  withdraw  from  the  federal  union  and  form  an  indepen- 
dent western  government.  To  effect  this  object  it  was  suggested 
that  these  gentlemen  should,  by  a  series  of  eloquently  written 
publications,  dispose  the  public  mind  to  withdraw  from  any  fur- 
ther connection  with  the  Atlantic  States.  In  consideration  of 
the  devotion  of  their  time  and  talents  to  this  purpose,  it  was 
proposed  that  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  should  be 
appropriated  to  their  use,  by  his  Catholic  majesty.  Should  any 
one  in  office,  in  Kentucky,  be  deprived  thereof,  on  account  of  his 
connection  with  Spain,  the  full  value  of  said  ofHce  was  to  be 
paid  to  him  by  his  majesty."  This  article  was  inserted  at  the 
suggestion  of  Sebastian. 

To  effect  these  great  objects,  it  was  proposed  that  twenty  pie- 
ces of  field  artillery,  with  a  large  supply  of  small  arms  and  mu- 
nitions of  war,  together  with  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  in 
money,  should  instantly  be  furnished  to.  Kentucky  by  the  King  of 
Spain,  as  his  majesty's  quota  in  aid  of  the  enterprise.  Fort 
Massac  was  to  be  seized  instantly,  and  the  federal  troops  were  to 
be  dispossessed  of  all  posts  upon  the  western  waters.  The  only 
stipulation  for  the  benefit  of  his  Catholic  majesty  was  an  exten- 
sion of  his  northern  boundary,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo,  and 
thence  due  east  to  the  Tombigbee.  For  this  miserable  pittance 
of  desert  territory,  this  corrupt  and  worn  out  despotism  was 
willing  to  violate  its  faith  recently  plighted  in  a  solemn  treaty, 
and,  by  treachery  and  intrigue,  to  sow  the  seeds  of  discord  and 
revolution,  where  all  was  peace  and  confidence.  Such  was  the 
morality  of  courts  in  the  eighteenth  century. 

This  proposal  was  received  by  Sebastian  with  great  coolness, 
and  submitted  to  Innes  for  his  opinion.  The  testimony  of  Innes 
himself  is  all  that  we  have  to  rely  on,  as  to  the  manner  in  which 
he  received  the  proposition.  He  declares  that  he  denounced 
the  proposal  as  dangerous  and  improper,  and  gave  it  as  his  opin- 
ion that  it  ought  to  be  rejected.  Sebastian  concurred  in  this 
opinion,  but  desired  Innes  to  see  Colonel  Nicholas,  and  have  a 
written  answer  prepared  for  Power,  declaring  that  whatever 
they  concurred  in  would  be  approved  by  him.  Innes  saw  Nich- 
olas, who  wrote  a  refusal  couched  in  calm  but  decisive  language, 
which  was  signed  by  them  both,  and  delivered  to  Power,  through 
the  medium  of  judge  Sebastian.  No  disclosure  was  made  by 
either  of  the  parties  of  this  proposal  from  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment. Power,  in  the  mean  time,  visited  Wilkinson,  who  still 
held  a  command  in  the  regular  army,  and  then  was  stationed  in 
garrison  at  Detroit.  Power's  ostensible  object  in  visiting  Wilkin- 
son was  to  deliver  to  him  a  letter  of  remonstrance  from  Governor 
Carondelet,  against  the  United  States  taking  immediate  posses- 
sion of  the  posts  on  the  Mississippi.  His  real  object  was,  no 
doubt,  to  sound  him  upon  the  Spanish  proposition.     Power  after- 


284  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

wards  reported  to  Carondelet,  that  Wilkinson  received  him  cold- 
ly, informed  him  that  the  governor  of  the  north-west  had  orders 
from  the  President  to  arrest  him,  and  send  him  on  to  Philadel- 
phia, and  that  there  was  no  way  for  him  to  escape,  but  to  permit 
himself  to  be  conducted,  under  guard,  to  fort  Massac,  whence  he 
could  find  his  way  to  New  Madrid.  He  states  that  in  their  first 
conference  Wilkinson  observed,  bitterly,  "  We  are  both  lost,  with- 
out deriving  any  benefit  from  your  journey."  He  pronounced  the 
Spanish  proposal  a  chimerical  project,  that  the  west  having  ob- 
tained, by  the  late  treaty,  all  that  they  desired,  had  no  motive  to 
form  any  connection  with  Spain.  That  the  best  thing  Spain 
could  do,  would  be  honestly  to  comply  with  the  treaty;  that  his 
personal  hono/-  forbade  him  to  listen  to  the  project;  that  the  late 
treaty  had  overturned  all  his  plans,  and  rendered  his  labors  for  ten 
years  useless;  that  he  had  destroyed  his  ciphers,  and  complained 
that  his  secret  had  been  divulged ;  that  he  might  be  named  gover- 
nor of  Natchez,  and  he  might  tlien,  perhaps,  have  power  to  realize 
his  political  projects. 

In  this  report  to  Carondelet,  Power  represents  Sebastian  as 
speaking  to  him  in  a  more  encouraging  tone  of  the  prospect  of 
a  union  of  Kentucky  with  Spain.  Sebastian  expressed  the  opin- 
ion that,  in  case  of  a  war  with  Spain,  Kentucky  might  be  induced 
to  take  part  against  the  Atlantic  States.  In  conclusion.  Power 
gives  his  own  opinion,  that  nothing  short  of  a  war  with  France  or 
the  denial  of  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  could  induce  Ken- 
tucky to  separate  herself  from  the  eastern  States.  After  visiting 
Wilkinson,  instead  of  returning  to  Louisville,  as  he  had  at  first 
intended,  he  was  sent,  by  Wilkinson,  under  escort  of  Captain 
Shaumbergh,  of  the  United  States'  army,  to  fort  Massac,  and 
thence  returned  to  New  Madrid.  At  Massac  he  received  from 
Sebastian  the  letter  of  Nicholas  and  Innes.  Nothing  certainly 
was  known  of  the  particulars  of  this  transaction,  until  1806, 
when  it  became  public  that  Sebastian  had  received  a  pension  of 
two  thousand  dollars  from  Spain,  from  about  1795  to  1806. 

After  the  English  and  Spanish  treaties  had  been  ratified, 
Washington  retired  from  office,  and  John  Adams,  greatly  to  the 
dissatisfaction  of  Kentucky,  was  elected  President  of  the  United 
States.  The  eyes  of  the  people  became  henceforth  dii-ected  to 
the  general  government,  and  they  participated  fiercely  in  the  old 
party  struggle  of  federalist  and  republican,  or  democrat.  If  the 
administration  of  Washington  was  unpopular,  that  of  Adams 
was  absolutely  odious,  in  Kentucky.  In  no  part  of  the  Union 
were  his  measures  denounced  with  more  bitterness,  nor  his 
downfall  awaited  with  more  impatience. 

The  only  domestic  question  which  excited  much  interest,  was 
the  propriety  of  calling  a  convention  to  revise  the  old  constitu- 
tion. The  people  were  becoming  weary  of  seeing  the  governor 
and  senate  removed  so  far  from  their  control,  and  equally  weary 
of  the  sheriffs,  which  popular  suffrage  had  given  them.  Accord- 
ing to  the  provisions  of  the  constitution,  a  poll  was  opened  in 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  285 

May,  1797,  and  the  votes  of  the  citizens  taken  for  or  against  a 
convention.  There  were  5446  votes  given  for  a  convention, 
out  of  9814  votes  regularly  returned.  But  five  counties  did  not 
return  the  whole  number  of  their  votes,  and  the  result  was 
doubtful. 

A  second  vote  was  given  in  May,  1798,  and  there  were  returned 
8804  for  a  convention,  out  of  11,853  votes  returned.  But  no  lesa 
than  ten  counties  failed  to  return  the  whole  number  of  their 
votes,  and  eight  counties  did  not  vote  at  all  on  the  subject.  It  is 
certain  that  there  was  not  a  majority  for  a  convention  upon  the 
first  vote,  and  probably  not  upon  the  second.  By  the  constitu- 
tion, a  majority  of  all  the  legal  votes  was  required  two  years  in 
succession,  or  else  a  majority  of  two-thirds  of  the  legislature. 
So  far  as  the  vote  of  the  people  was  concerned  the  convention 
had  failed,  but  the  legislature,  believing  such  to  be  the  will  of 
their  constituents,  called  a  convention,  by  a  constitutional  major- 
ity, in  the  session  of  1798-9. 

This  session  was  rendered  memorable,  also,  by  the  passage  of 
certain  resolutions  declaratory  of  the  powers  of  the  general  gov- 
ernment, and  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the  States.  At  the 
opening  of  the  session,  Governor  Garrard,  who  had  succeeded 
Shelby,  in  his  address  to  the  legislature,  denounced  severely  the 
acts  recently  passed  by  congress,  commonly  known  as  the  alien 
and  sedition  laws.  Early  in  the  session  a  series  of  resolutions, 
which  were  originally  drawn  up  by  Mr.  .Jefferson,  were  presented  to 
the  house  by  John  Breckinridge,  the  representative  from  Fayette, 
and  almost  unanimously  adopted.  The  only  member  who  spoke 
against  them,  and  steadily  voted,  generally  alone,  against  the 
whole  series,  was  that  William  Murray,  to  whom,  in  conjunction 
with  others,  the  letter  of  Carondelet  was  directed,  and  with 
whom  Sebastian  refused  to  hold  any  communication  on  the  sub- 
ject. These  resolutions,  taken  in  connection  with  those  passed 
at  the  succeeding  session,  in  substance  declare,  "  That  the  con- 
stitution of  the  United  States  is  a  compact  between  the  several 
States,  as  States,  each  sovereign  State  being  an  integral  party  to 
that  compact.  That  as  in  other  compacts  between  equal  sove 
reigns,  who  have  no  common  judge,  each  party  has  the  right  to 
interpret  the  compact  for  itself,  and  is  bound  by  no  interpretation 
but  its  own.  That  the  general  government  has  no  final  right  in 
any  of  its  branches,  to  interpret  the  extent  of  its  own  powers. 
That  these  powers  are  limited,  within  certain  prescribed  bounds, 
and  that  all  acts  of  the  general  government,  not  warranted  by 
its  powers,  may  properly  be  nullified  by  a  State,  within  its  own 
boundaries."  These  resolutions  are  remarkable,  as  clearly  ex- 
pressing the  political  views  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  at  the  time,  and  as 
containing,  not  merely  the  germ,  but  the  fully  developed  doctrine 
of  nullification,  which  has  since  become  so  celebrated,  and  which 
has  since  been  so  heartily  and  strongly  denounced,  not  only  by 
Kentucky,  but  almost  every  other  State  in  the  Union. 

A  copy  of  the  resolutions  was  sent  to  each  State  in  the  Union, 


286  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

and  were  assented  to  by  none,  save  Virginia.  Some  of  her  sister 
sovereigns  handled  the  Kentucky  doctrine  with  great  roughness 
and  exposed  its  falsehood  with  merciless  severity.  The  resolu- 
tions were  approved  by  Governor  Garrard,  and  thus  fastened  upon 
Kentucky  the  mark  of  nullification,  until  the  session  of  1832, 
when  the  true  doctrine  was  strongly  proclaimed. 

In  the  spring  of  1799  the  members  of  the  convention  w^ere 
elected,  and  in  July  that  body  assembled,  and  adopted  the  pre- 
sent constitution,  hi  June,  1800,  the  new  constitution  went 
into  operation.  James  Garrard  was  re-elected  governor,  and 
Alexander  Bullitt  lieutenant-governor.  Never  was  a  govern- 
ment changed  with  so  little  sensation.  But  the  indifference  of 
Kentucky  to  a  change  of  government  did  not  extend  to  national 
affairs.  The  defeat  of  Adams  and  the  election  of  Jefferson,  the 
downfall  of  the  federalists,  and  the  exaltation  of  the  republican 
or  democratic  party,  produced  a  whirlwind  under  which  the  Union 
rocked  to  its  foundation.  Kentucky,  with  great  unanimity,  sup- 
ported Jefferson,  and  no  State  exulted  more  in  his  election. 

In  the  winter  session  of  1801,  the  legislature  of  Kentucky 
repealed  the  act  establishing  district  courts,  and  established  the 
circuit  courts  as  they  now  exist.  At  the  same  session  an  insu- 
rance company  was  chartered  in  Lexington,  to  which  banking 
powers  were  given,  by  a  clause,  which  was  not  thoroughly  under- 
stood by  the  members  who  voted  for  it,  and  thus  was  the  fh-st 
bank  chartered  in  Kentucky.  The  political  party  which  then 
controlled  Kentucky  held  banks  in  horror,  and  never  would 
have  passed  the  bill,  had  they  understood  its  provisions. 


CHAPTER  IV, 


In  the  year  1802,  Kentucky,  in  common  with  the  whole  west^ 
ern  country,  was  thrown  into  a  ferment,  by  the  suspension  of 
the  American  right  of  deposit  at  New  Orleans,  which  had  been 
guarantied  by  the  Spanish  treaty  for  three  years,  with  the  further, 
provision,  that  at  the  end  of  three  years,  should  the  right  of  de- 
posit at  New  Orleans  be  withheld,  some  other  place  should  be 
afforded,  for  the  same  purpose,  near  the  mouth  of  that  river. 
This  right  was  now  refused  by  Morales,  the  Spanish  intendant, 
and  no  equivalent  place  of  deposit  was  granted.  The  treatj'  was 
evidently  violated,  and  the  commerce  of  the  west  struck  at  in  its 
most  vital  point.  The  excitement  increased,  when  it  was  under- 
stood that  Louisiana  had  been  ceded  to  France,  and  that  this 
important  point  was  held  by  Napoleon,  then  first  consul  of  the 
republic. 


1 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  287 

A  motion  was  made  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States  to 
authorize  President  Jefferson  instantly  to  take  and  hold  possession 
of  JVew  Orleans;  but  milder  counsels  prevailed,  and  Mr.  Monroe 
was  dispatched  to  France,  in  order  to  arrange  this  difficulty  with 
the  first  consul.  He  found  Napoleon  on  the  eve  of  a  rupture 
with  Great  Britain,  and  fully  impressed  with  the  utter  impossi- 
bility of  retaining  so  distant  And  so  assailable  a  colony  as  Lou- 
isiana, while  Great  Britain  ruled  the  seas.  He  determined  to 
place  it  beyond  the  reach  of  the  English  navy,  by  selling  it  to  the 
Americans,  before  the  English  could  equip  an  expedition  against 
it,  which  he  plainly  saw  would  be  one  of  the  first  measures 
adopted,  after  the  rupture  of  the  peace  of  Amiens.  The  Ameri- 
can minister  expected  to  negotiate  for  a  place  of  deposit  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  and  was  informed  that  for  the  tritling  sum  of 
fifteen  millions  he  could  purchase  a  magnificent  empire. 

No  time  was  lost  in  closing  this  extraordinary  sale,  as  Bona- 
parte evidently  apprehended  that  Louisiana  would  be  taken  by 
the  British  fleet,  within  six  months  after  hostilities  commenced. 
And  thus  the  first  great  annexation  of  territory  to  the  United 
States  was  accomplished.  The  Floridas,  Oregon,  Texas,  have 
followed,  and  the  end  is  not  yet. 

In  1804,  Christopher  Greenup  was  elected  governor  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  Mr.  Jelferson  was  re-elected  President  of  the  United 
States,  without  any  organized  opposition.  So  popular  and  bril- 
liant had  been  his  administration. 

Aaron  Burr,  who  had  been  elected  Vice  President  in  1801,  had 
lost  the  confidence  of  his  party,  and  was  at  variance  with  the 
President.  In  1805,  this  extraordinary  man  first  made  his  ap- 
pearance in  Kentucky,  and  visited  Lexington  and  Louisville.  He 
then  passed  on  to  Nashville,  St.  Louis,  Natchez,  and  New  Orleans, 
and  again  returned  to  Lexington,  where  he  remained  for  some 
time.  General  Wilkinson,  at  this  time,  commanded  the  United 
States'  troops  in  Louisiana,  and  the  afl'airs  of  the  United  States 
with  Spain  were  in  an  unsatisfactory  state.  That  miserable 
power  resented  the  purchase  of  Louisiana,  by  the  United  States, 
and  assumed  a  sulkiness  of  demeanor  somewhat  resembling  that 
of  Mexico  in  more  modern  times.  In  the  spring  of  1806,  their 
forces  advanced  to  the  Sabine,  in  somewhat  hostile  array,  and 
General  Wilkinson  had  orders  to  be  upon  the  alert,  and  repel 
them  if  they  should  cross  that  barrier.  Such  was  the  aspect  of 
affairs,  when  in  1806,  colonel  Burr  again  appeared  in  the  west, 
spending  a  large  portion  of  his  time  at  Blannerhasset's  Island, 
on  the  Ohio  river,  but  being  seen  in  Lexington,  Nashville  and 
Louisville. 

This  extraordinary  man  having  quarreled  with  the  President, 
and  lost  caste  with  the  republican  party,  endeavored  to  retrieve 
his  political  fortunes  by  becoming  a  candidate  for  the  office  of 
governor,  in  New  York,  in  opposition  to  the  regular  democratic 
candidate.  He  was  supported  by  the  mass  of  the  federalists 
and  a  small  section  of  the  democrats  who  still  adhered  to  him. 


288  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

He  lost  his  election  chiefly  by  the  influence  of  Hamilton,  who 
scrupled  not  to  represent  him  as  unworthy  of  political  trust,  and 
deprived  him  of  the  cordial  support  of  the  federalists.  Deeply 
stung  by  his  defeat,  Burr  turned  fiercely  upon  his  illustrious  an- 
tagonist, and  killed  him  in  a  duel.  Hamilton  was  idolized  by 
the  federalists,  and  even  his  political  adversaries  were  not  insen- 
sible to  his  many  lofty  and  noble  qualities.  Burr  found  himself 
abandoned  by  the  mass  of  the  democrats,  regarded  with  abhor- 
rence by  the  federalists,  and  banished  from  all  the  legitimate  and 
honorable  walks  of  ambition.  In  this  desperate  state  of  his  po- 
litical fortunes,  he  sought  the  west,  and  became  deeply  involved 
in  schemes  as  desperate  and  daring  as  any  which  the  annals  of 
ill  regulated  ambition  can  furnish. 

The  ground  work  of  his  plan,  undoubtedly,  was  to  organize  a 
military  force  upon  the  western  waters,  descend  the  Mississippi, 
and  wrest  from  Spain  an  indefinite  portion  of  her  territory  ad- 
joining the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  southwestern  portion  of  the 
United  States,  embracing  New  Orleans  and  the  adjacent  territory, 
was,  either  by  force  or  persuasion,  to  become  a  part  of  the  new 
empire,  of  which  New  Orleans  was  to  become  the  capital,  and 
Burr  the  chief,  under  some  one  of  the  many  names,  which,  in 
modern  times,  disguise  despotic  power  under  a  republican  guise. 
These  were  the  essential  and  indispensable  features  of  the  plan. 
But  if  circumstances  were  favorable,  the  project  was  to  extend 
much  farther,  and  the  whole  country  west  of  the  Alleghenies 
was  to  be  wrested  from  the  American  Union,  and  to  become  a 
portion  of  this  new  and  magnificent  empire. 

Mad  and  chimerical  as  this  project  undoubtedly  was,  when  the 
orderly  and  law-respecting  character  of  the  American  people  is 
considered,  yet  the  age  in  which  it  was  conceived  had  witnessed 
wonders,  which  had  far  outstripped  the  sober  calculations  of  phi- 
losophy and  surpassed  the  limits  of  probable  fiction.  When  the 
historian.  Gibbon,  was  closing  his  great  work  upon  the  decline 
and  fall  of  the  Roman  empire,  he  expressed  the  opinion  that  the 
age  of  great  and  startling  revolutions  had  passed  away,  never  to 
return;  that  mankind  had  become  sobered  down  by  centuries  of 
experience,  to  a  tame  and  moderate  level,  which  would  not  admit 
of  those  brilliant  materials  for  history  which  the  past  had  af- 
forded. Scarcely  had  this  opinion  been  recorded,  when  the  great 
drama  opened  in  France,  and  for  twenty-five  years,  the  world 
stood  aghast  at  the  series  of  magnificent  and  wonderful  pageants, 
which  moved  before  them  in  the  wild  confusion  of  a  feverish 
dream.  Kings  became  beggars,  and  peasants  became  kings. 
Ancient  kingdoms  disappeared,  and  new  and  brilliant  republics 
sprung  up  in  their  places.  Names,  boundaries,  ranks,  titles,  reli- 
gions, all  were  tossed  about  like  withered  leaves  before  the  wind. 
A  lieutenant  in  a  French  regiment  had  mounted  to  the  throne  of 
western  Europe,  and  drummers,  corporals  and  privates,  had  be- 
come dukes,  princes,  and  kings. 

It  was  not  wonderful,  then,  that  a  man  like  Burr,  ostracised  in 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  SJH'J 

the  east,  and  desperate  in  his  fortunes,  abounding  in  talent,  energy, 
and  courage,  should  have  determined  in  the  new  world,  like  the 
Corsican  in  the  old,  to  stand  the  hazard  of  the  die,  for  empire  or 
a  grave.  The  unsettled  relations  then  existing  with  Spain  af- 
forded a  specious  cloak  to  his  enterprise,  and  enabled  him  to 
give  it  a  character  suitable  to  the  temper  of  the  persons  whom 
he  addressed.  To  the  daring  youth  of  the  west,  desirous  of 
military  adventure,  he  could  represent  it  as  an  irregular  expedi- 
tion to  be  undertaken  upon  private  account,  against  the  posses- 
sions of  a  nation  with  whom  the  United  States  would  shortly  be 
at  war.  It  was  upon  land  what  privateering  was  upon  the  ocean. 
He  could  hint  to  them  that  the  United  States'  government  would 
connive  at  the  expedition,  but  could  not  openly  countenance  it  until 
hostilities  actually  commenced.  There  is  little  doubt  that  many 
concurred  in  the  enterprise,  without  being  aware  of  its  treasonable 
character,  while  it  is  certain  that  to  others  the  scheme  was  expo- 
sed in  its  full  deformity. 

In  the  prosecution  of  his  object,  he  applied  himself  with  sin- 
gular address  to  any  one  who  could  be  useful  to  him  in  forwarding 
the  great  scheme.  Blannerhasset's  Island  lay  directly  in  his  path, 
and  he  fixed  his  keen  eye  upon  the  proprietor  as  one  who  could 
be  useful  to  him.  This  unfortunate  man  was  an  Jrish  gentleman, 
reputed  to  be  of  great  wealth,  married  to  a  beautiful  and  accom- 
plished woman,  secluded  and  studious  in  his  habits,^  devoted  to 
natural  science,  and  as  unfitted  for  the  turbulent  struggle  of  ac- 
tive ambitious  life,  as  Burr  was  for  those  simple  and  quiet  pur- 
suits, in  which  his  victim  found  enjoyment  and  happiness.  Blan- 
nerhasset's wealth,  though,  could  be  employed  to  advantage. 
Burr  opened  the  correspondence  by  a  flattering  request  to  be 
permitted  to  examine  Blannerhasset's  grounds  and  garden,  which 
had  been  improved  at  great  expense.  Once  admitted,  he  em- 
ployed all  the  address  and  eloquence  of  which  he  was  master, 
in  tm-ning  the  whole  current  of  Blannerhasset's  thoughts,  from 
the  calm  sedentary  pursuits  in  which  he  had  hitherto  delighted, 
to  those  splendid  visions  of  empire,  greatness  and  wealth,  with 
which  his  own  ardent  imagination  was  then  so  fiercely  glowing. 
No  better  evidence  of  Burr's  power  need  be  desired,  than  the 
absolute  command  which  he  obtained  over  the  will  and  fortune 
of  this  man.  He  moulded  him  to  his  purpose,  inspired  him  with 
a  frantic  enthusiasm  in  his  cause,  and  obtained  complete  com- 
mand of  all  that  Blannerhasset  had  to  offer. 

The  scheme  of  separation  from  the  Atlantic  States  had  been 
too  much  agitated  in  Kentucky,  not  to  have  left  some  materials 
for  Burr  to  work  upon,  and  that  he  neglected  no  opportunity  of 
rallying  the  fragments  of  the  old  party,  may  be  readily  believed. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  General  Adair  concurred  in  his  scheme, 
so  far  as  an  expedition  against  the  Spanish  provinces  was  con- 
cerned; and  it  is  certain  that  Burr  himself  calculated  upon  the 
co-operation  of  Wilkinson,  and  held  frequent  intercourse  with 
him.  During  the  summer  of  1806,  the  public  mind  in  Kentucky, 
I. ..19 


290  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

hecame  agitated  by  rumors  of  secret  expeditions  and  conspira 
cies,  in  which  Burr  and  others  were  implicated,  but  all  waa 
\\Tapped  in  mystery  and  doubt. 

At  length  a  paper  entitled  the  "  Western  World,"  published  in 
Frankfort,  by  Wood  &  Street,  came  out  with  a  series  of  articles, 
in  which  the  old  intrigue  of  Sebastian  with  Power,  and  the  pre- 
sent project  of  Burr,  were  blended,  in  a  somewhat  confused  man- 
ner, and  some  round  assertions  of  facts  were  made,  and  some 
names  implicated  which  created  no  small  sensation.  Sebastian, 
then  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  was  boldly  asserted  to  be  an 
intriguer  with  Spain,  and  a  pensioner  of  the  Spanish  crown. 
Innes,  then  a  judge  of  the  federal  court ;  Brown,  a  senator  in  Con- 
gress from  Kentucky ;  Wilkinson,  a  general  in  the  regular  army, 
were  all  implicated.  Burr  was  plainly  denounced  as  a  traitor, 
and  the  whole  of  his  scheme  was  unfolded.  There  was  a  mix- 
ture of  truth  and  error  in  these  articles,  which  no  one  was 
then  able  to  separate,  and  the  public  mind  was  completely  bewil- 
dered at  the  number  of  atrocious  plots  which  were  exposed,  and 
at  the  great  names  implicated.  The  friends  of  some  of  the  par- 
ties violently  resented  the  articles,  and  pistols  and  dirks  were  re- 
sorted to,  to  silence  the  accusation.  But  the  paper  sturdily  ad- 
hered to  its  charges,  and  an  address  was  prepared  and  published, 
to  the  legislature  elected  in  1806,  praying  an  inquiry  into  the 
conduct  of,  Sebastian,  which  was  circulated  among  the  people 
for  signatures,  and  was  signed  by  a  great  number,  particularly  in 
the  county  of  Woodford. 

In  the  meantime  Colonel  Joseph  Hamilton  Daveiss,  the  attor- 
ney for  the  United  States,  appeared  in  open  court,  before  Judge 
Innes  on  the  3d  of  November,  and  moved  for  process  to  compel 
the  attendance  of  Bui-r,  before  the  court,  to  answer  to  a  charge 
of  a  high  misdemeanor,  in  organizing  a  military  expedition 
against  a  friendly  power,  from  within  the  territory  and  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  United  States.  This  motion  was  grounded  upon  the 
oath  of  the  attorney,  setting  forth  with  great  accuracy  the  prepa- 
rations then  being  made  by  Burr,  and  imputing  to  him  designs 
which  subsequent  events  proved  to  have  been  well  understood 
by  the  attorney.  This  startling  affidavit  created  immense  sen- 
sation at  the  time.  Burr  was  then  popular  in  Kentucky,  and 
"was  caressed  and  countenanced  by  her  most  eminent  citizens.  Da- 
veiss was  greatly  admired,  for  those  splendid  powers  of  eloquence 
which  he  possessed,  in  a  degree  rarely  if  ever  surpassed,  but  la- 
bored under  the  odium  of  being  an  incurable  federalist,  and 
equally  bold  and  eloquent  in  expressing  his  opinions.  JMine- 
tenths  of  the  public  at  the  time,  were  startled  at  the  boldness  of 
the  accusation,  and  seem  to  have  attributed  it  to  the  well  known 
hatred  of  the  federalists  to  Colonel  Burr.  Be  the  cause,  how- 
ever, what  it  might,  the  public  feeling  was  strong  in  favor  of 
Burr,  and  against  the  attorney,  who  was  boldly  and  manfully 
discharging  his  duty.  Judge  Innes  took  time  to  consider  the  ap- 
plication, and  after  two  days,  overruled  the  motion 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  291 

Colonel  Burr  was  in  Lexington  at  the  time,  and  was  informed 
of  the  motion  made  by  Daveiss,  in  an  incredibly  short  space  of 
time  after  it  was  made.  He  entered  the  court-house  shortly 
after  Innis  had  over-ruled  the  motion,  and  addressed  the  judge 
with  a  grave  and  calm  dignity  of  manner,  which  increased  if  pos- 
sible the  general  prepossession  in  his  favor.  He  spoke  of  the  late 
motion  as  one  which  had  greatly  surprised  him,  insinuated  that 
Daveiss  had  reason  to  believe  that  he  was  absent,  upon  business 
of  a  private  but  pressing  nature,  which  it  was  well  known  re- 
quired his  immediate  attention,  that  the  judge  had  treated  the  ap- 
plication as  it  deserved,  but  as  it  might  be  renewed  by  the  attor- 
ney in  his  absence,  he  preferred  that  the  judge  should  entertain 
the  motion  now,  and  he  had  voluntarily  appeared  in  order  to  give 
the  gentleman  an  opportunity  of  proving  his  charge.  Nowise 
disconcerted  by  the  lofty  tranquillity  of  Burr's  manner,  than 
which  nothing  could  be  more  imposing,  Daveiss  promptly  ac- 
cepted the  challenge,  and  declared  himself  ready  to  proceed  as 
soon  as  he  could  procure  the  attendance  of  his  witnesses.  After 
consulting  with  the  marshal,  Daveiss  announced  his  opinion  that 
his  witnesses  could  attend  on  the  ensuing  Wednesday,  and  with 
the  acquiescence  of  Burr,  that  day  was  fixed  upon  by  the  court 
for  the  investigation. 

Burr  awaited  the  day  of  trial  with  an  easy  tranquillity,  which 
seemed  to  fear  no  danger,  and  on  Wednesday  the  court-house 
was  crowded  to  suffocation.  Daveiss  upon  counting  his  wit- 
nesses, discovered  that  Davis  Floyd,  one  of  the  most  important, 
was  absent,  and  with  great  reluctance,  asked  a  postponement  of 
the  case.  The  judge  instantly  discharged  the  grand  jury.  Colo- 
nel Burr  then  appeared  at  the  bar,  accompanied  by  his  counsel, 
Henry  Clay  and  Colonel  Allen.  The  first  of  these  gentlemen 
had  emigrated  to  Kentucky  from  Virginia,  in  1797,  and  had  early 
attracted  attention  by  the  boldness  with  which  he  had  advocated 
a  provision  in  the  new  constitution  for  the  gradual  emancipation 
of  slaves  in  Kentucky,  then  as  now  a  subject  of  great  delicacy. 
He  had  already  given  indications  of  those  extraordinary  powers 
of  eloquence,  and  that  daring  boldness  of  character,  which  have 
since  shone  out  with  such  surpassing  splendor.  Allen  was  a 
lawyer  of  character  and  celebrity,  whose  early  and  lamentable 
death,  in  the  war  with  Great  Britain,  we  shall  have  occasion 
hereafter  to  notice.  Colonel  Burr  arose  in  court,  expressed  his 
regret  that  the  grand  jury  had  been  discharged,  and  inquired  the 
reason.  Colonel  Daveiss  replied,  and  added  that  Floyd  was  then 
in  Indiana,  attending  a  session  of  the  territorial  legislature. 
BmT  calmly  desired  that  the  cause  of  the  postponement  might 
be  entered  upon  the  record,  as  well  as  the  reason  why  Floyd  did 
not  attend.  He  then  with  great  self-possession,  and  with  an  air 
of  candor  difficult  to  be  resisted,  addressed  the  court  and  crowded 
audience,  upon  the  subject  of  the  accusation.  His  style  was 
without  ornament,  passion  or  fervor ;  but  the  spell  of  a  great 
mind,  and  daring  but  calm  spirit,  was  felt  with  singular  power 


--i'J'i  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

by  all  who  heard  him.  He  hoped  that  the  good  people  of  Ken 
lucky  would  dismiss  their  apprehensions  of  danger  from  him,  if 
any  such  really  existed.  There  was  really  no  ground  for  them, 
however  zealously  the  attorney  might  strive  to  awaken  them 
He  was  engaged  in  no  project,  inimical  to  the  peace  or  tran- 
quillity of  the  country,  as  they  would  certainly  learn,  whenever 
the  attorney  should  be  ready,  which  he  greatly  apprehended  would 
never  be.  In  the  mean  time,  although  private  business  urgently 
demanded  his  presence  elsewhere,  he  felt  compelled  to  give  the 
attorney  one  more  opportunity  of  proving  his  charge,  and  would 
patiently  await  another  attack. 

Upon  the  25th  of  November,  Colonel  Daveiss  informed  the 
court,  that  Floyd  would  attend  on  the  2d  December  following, 
and  another  grand  jury  was  summoned  to  attend  on  that  day. 
Colonel  Burr  came  into  court,  attended  by  the  same  counsel  as  on 
the  former  occasion,  and  coolly  awaited  the  expected  attack. 
Daveiss,  with  evident  chagrin,  again  announced  that  he  was  not 
ready  to  proceed,  that  John  Adair  had  been  summoned  and  was 
not  in  attendance,  and  that  his  testimony  was  indispensable 
to  the  prosecution.  He  again  asked  a  postponement  of  the  case, 
for  a  few  days,  and  that  the  grand  jurj'  should  be  kept  empannelled 
until  he  could  compel  the  attendance  of  Adair  by  attachment. 

Burr  upon  the  present  occasion  remained  silent,  and  entirely 
unmoved  by  any  thing  which  occurred.  Not  so  his  counsel. 
A  most  animated  and  impassioned  debate  sprung  up,  intermin- 
gled with  sharp  and  flashing  personalities  between  Clay  and  Da- 
veiss. Never  did  two  more  illustrious  orators  encounter  each 
other  in  debate.  The  enormous  mass  which  crowded  to 
suffocation  the  floor,  the  galleries,  the  windows,  the  plat-form 
of  the  judge,  remained  still  and  breathless  for  hours,  while  these 
renowned,  and  immortal  champions,  stimulated  by  mutual  rivalry 
and  each  glowing  with  the  ardent  conviction  of  right,  encoun- 
tered each  other  in  splendid  intellectual  combat.  Clay  had  the 
sympathies  of  the  audience  on  his  side,  and  was  the  leader  of 
the  popular  party  in  Kentucky.  Daveiss  was  a  federalist,  and 
was  regarded  as  persecuting  an  innocent  and  unfortunate  man, 
from  motives  of  political  hate.  But  he  was  buoyed  up  by  the  full 
conviction  of  Burr's  guilt,  and  the  delusion  of  the  people  on  the 
subject,  and  the  very  infatuation  which  he  beheld  around  him, 
and  the  smiling  security  of  the  traitor,  who  sat  before  him,  stirred 
his  great  spirit  to  one  of  its  most  brilliant  efforts.  All,  however, 
was  in  vain.  Judge  Tnnes  refused  to  retain  the  grand  jury,  unless 
some  business  was  brought  before  them;  and  Daveiss,  in  order  to 
gain  time,  sent  up  to  them  an  indictment  against  John  Adair, 
which  was  pronounced  by  the  grand  jury  "not  a  true  bill."  The 
hour  being  late,  Daveiss  then  moved  for  an  attachment  to  com- 
pel the  attendance  of  Adair,  which  was  resisted  by  Burr's  coun- 
sel, and  refused  by  the  court,  on  the  ground  that  Adair  was  not 
in  contempt  until  the  day  had  expired.  Upon  the  motion  of  Da- 
veiss the  court  then  adjourned  until  the  ensuing  day. 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  293 

In  the  interval,  Daveiss  had  a  private  interview  with  the  judge, 
and  obtained  from  him  an  expression  of  the  opinion  that  it  would 
be  allowable  foi  him  as  prosecutor  to  attend  the  grand  jury  in 
their  room,  and  examine  the  witnesses,  in  order  to  explain  to 
them  the  connexion  of  the  detached  particles  of  evidence, 
which  his  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  plot  would  enable  him 
to  do,  and  without  which  the  grand  jury  would  scarcely  be  able 
to  comprehend  their  bearing.  When  the  court  resumed  its  sit- 
ting on  the  following  morning,  Daveiss  moved  to  be  permitted  to 
attend  the  grand  jury  in  their  room.  This  was  resisted  by  Burr's 
counsel  as  novel  and  unprecedented,  and  refused  by  the  court. 
The  grand  jury  then  retired,  witnesses  were  sworn  and  sent  up 
to  them,  and  on  the  fifth  of  the  month  they  returned,  as  Daveiss 
had  expected  "  not  a  true  bill."  In  addition  to  this,  the  grand 
jury  returned  into  court  a  written  declaration,  signed  by  the 
whole  of  them,  in  which  from  all  the  evidence  before  them  they 
completely  exonerated  Burr  from  any  design  inimical  to  the  peace 
or  well  being  of  the  country.  Colonel  Allen  instantly  moved  the 
court  that  a  copy  of  the  report  of  the  grand  jury  should  be  taken 
and  published  in  the  newspapers,  which  was  granted.  The  po- 
pular current  ran  with  great  strength  in  his  favor,  and  the  United 
States'  attorney  for  the  time  was  overwhelmed  with  obloquy. 

The  acquittal  of  Burr  was  celebrated  in  Frankfort,  by  a  bril- 
liant ball,  numerously  attended;  which  was  followed  by  another 
ball,  given  in  honor  of  the  baffled  attorney,  by  those  friends  who 
believed  the  charge  to  be  just,  and  that  truth  for  the  time  had 
been  baffled  by  boldness,  eloquence,  and  delusion.  At  one  of 
these  parties  the  editor  of  the  "  Western  World,"  who  had  boldly 
sounded  the  alarm,  was  violently  attacked,  with  the  view  of  driv- 
ing him  from  the  ball  room,  and  was  rescued  with  difficulty. 

These  events  are  given  as  striking  indications  of  the  tone  of 
public  feeling  at  the  time.  Before  Mr.  Clay  took  any  active  part 
as  the  counsel  of  Burr,  he  required  of  him  an  explicit  disavowal, 
upon  his  honor,  that  he  was  engaged  in  no  design  contrary  to  the 
laws  and  peace  of  the  country.  This  pledge  was  promptly 
given  by  Burr,  in  language  the  most  broad,  comprehensive  and 
particular,  "^e  had  no  design"  lie  said,  "to  intermeddle  with,  or  dis- 
turb the  tranquillity  of  the  United  States,  nor  its  territories,  nor  any 
part  of  them.  He  had  neither  issued  nor  signed,  nor  promised  a  com- 
mission, to  any  person,  for  any  purpose.  He  did  not  own  a  single 
musket,  nor  bayonet,  nor  any  single  article  of  military  stores,  nor  did 
any  other  person  for  him,  by  his  autliority  or  knowledge.  His  views 
had  been  explained  to  several  distinguislwd  members  of  the  administra- 
tion, were  well  understood  and  approved  by  the  government.  They  were 
such  as  every  man  of  honor,  and  every  good  citizen,  must  approve.  He 
considered  this  declaration  proper  as  well  to  counteract  the  chimerical 
tales  circulated  by  the  malevolence  of  his  enemies,  as  to  satisfy  Mr.  Clay, 
that  he  Jmd  not  become  the  counsel  of  a  man  in  any  way  mfriendly  to 
the  laws,  the  government,  or  the  well  being  of  his  country." 

Thoroughly  to  appreciate  the  daring  coolness  and  effrontery 


294  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

of  this  extraordinary  man,  as  well  as  the  fearful  risk,  which  he 
faced  with  such  imperturbable  self-possession,  the  reader  should 
understand,  what  was  the  real  attitude  in  which  he  then  stood. 
This  declaration  was  made  on  the  1st  December,  1806,  at  Frank- 
fort. On  the  29th  of  July  preceding,  he  had  written  to  Wilkin- 
son, "  I  have  obtained  funds,  and  have  actually  commenced  the 
enterprise.  Detachments  from  different  points  and  on  different 
pretences  will  rendezvous  on  the  Ohio  on  the  1st  November. 
Every  thing  internal  and  external  favors  views .  Al- 
ready are  orders  given  to  contractors  to  forward  six  months  provi- 
sions to  any  point  Wilkinson  may  name.  The  project  is  brought 
to  the  point  so  long  desired.  Burr  guarantees  the  result  with  his 
life  and  honor,  with  the  lives,  the  fortunes,  of  hundreds — the  best 
blood  of  the  country.  Wilkinson  shall  be  second  only  to  Burr. 
Wilkinson  shall  dictate  the  rank  of  his  officers.  Burr's  plan  of 
operations  is  to  move  down  rapidly  from  the  Falls  by  the  15th 
November,  with  the  first  five  or  ten  hundred  men,  in  light  boats 
now  constructing,  to  be  at  Natchez  between  the  5th  and  15th 
of  December,  there  to  meet  Wilkinson,  {^  there  to  determine, 
whether  it  will  be  expedient  in  the  first  instance,  to  SEIZE  on,  or 
pass  by  Baton  Rouge  ! !" 

Before  the  date  of  this  letter  he  had  fully  unfolded  his  project 
to  General  Eaton,  which  was  to  revolutionize  the  western  coun- 
try, establish  an  empire,  with  New  Orleans  as  the  capital,  and 
himself  the  chief.  On  the  24th  July,  1806,  General  Dayton,  one 
of  Burr's  firmest  adherents,  wrote  to  General  Wilkinson  in  cy- 
pher, "  Are  you  ready  ?  Are  your  numerous  associates  ready  ? 
Wealth  and  Glory!  Louisiana  and  Mexico!!"  So  much  for 
Burr's  intentions.  Now  for  the  risk  of  detection,  which  he 
braved  with  such  undaunted  composure. 

On  the  25th  of  November,  one  week  before  his  declaration  to 
Mr.  Clay,  President  Jefferson  issued  his  proclamation,  denouncing 
the  enterprise,  and  warning  the  west  against  it.  On  the  1st  of 
December,  a  messenger  from  the  President  arrived  at  the  seat  of 
government  of  Ohio,  and  instantly  procured  the  passage  of  a  law 
by  which  ten  of  Colonel  Burr's  boats,  laden  with  provisions  and 
military  stores,  were  seized  on  the  JMuskingum,  before  they 
could  reach  the  Ohio.  At  the  very  moment  that  he  appeared  in 
court,  an  armed  force  in  his  service  occupied  Blannerhasset's 
island,  and  boats  laden  with  provisions  and  military  stores,  were 
commencing  their  voyage  down  the  river,  and  passed  Louisville, 
on  the  16th  of  December.  Scarcely  was  the  grand  jury  dis- 
charged, and  the  ball  which  celebrated  his  acquittal,  concluded, 
when  the  President's  proclamation  reached  Kentucky,  and  a  law 
was  passed  in  hot  haste,  for  seizing  the  boats  which  had  escaped 
the  militia  of  Ohio,  and  were  then  descending  the  river.  Burr  had 
left  Frankfort  about  the  7th,  and  had  gone  to  Nashville.  The 
conclusion  of  his  enterprise  belongs  to  the  history  of  the  United 
States.  But  that  portion  of  the  drama  which  was  enacted  in 
Kentucky  has  been  detailed  with  some  minuteness,  as  affording 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  295 

a  rich  and  rare  example,  of  cool  and  calculating  impudence,  and 
of  truth,  loyalty  and  eloquence  most  signally  baffled  and  put  to 
shame,  by  the  consummate  art  and  self-possession,  of  this  daring 
intriguer. 

The  Kentucky  legislature  assembled,  and  the  petition  for  an 
inquiry  into  the  conduct  of  Sebastian  was  presented.  A  vigorous 
effort  was  made  to  stifle  the  inquiry,  but  in  vain.  The  film  had 
fallen  from  the  public  eye,  and  the  people  were  not  to  be  deluded 
twice,  in  such  rapid  succession.  The  inquiry  was  sturdily 
pressed.  Sebastian  resigned  his  office,  hoping  thus  to  stifle 
further  examination;  but  the  legislature  refused  to  notice  his  re- 
signation, and  the  examination  proceeded.  Judge  Innes  was  the 
principal  witness,  and  apparently  with  great  reluctance  disclosed 
what  has  already  been  detailed  as  to  the  secret  intrigue  with 
Power.  Other  evidence  made  it  evident,  that  he  had  enjoyed  a 
pension  of  two  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  from  Spain,  since 
1795.  The  public  mind  was  violently  agitated,  by  the  sudden 
disclosure  of  these  plots  and  conspiracies,  and  in  the  minds  of 
many  Judge  Innes  was  deeply  implicated.  Being  a  judge  of  the 
federal  court,  however,  the  legislature  of  Kentucky  had  no 
authority  to  investigate  his  conduct.  At  the  succeeding  session, 
however,  it  passed  a  resolution  recommending  an  inquiry  into  the 
conduct  of  the  judge,  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which 
was  had,  and  resulted  in  his  acquittal. 

The  foreign  relations  of  the  United  States  were  now  becom- 
ing critical.  The  attack  of  the  English  frigate  Leopard,  upon 
the  Chesapeake,  exasperated  the  American  people  almost  beyond 
control,  and  was  nowhere  more  fiercely  resented  than  in  Ken- 
tucky. Mr.  Madison  succeeded  Mr.  Jeflerson,  in  1808,  and  Gen- 
eral Scott  was  elected  governor  of  Kentucky.  The  breach  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  grew  daily  wider,  and 
Kentuclvy  became  deeply  engrossed  in  national  politics.  Great 
numbers  of  resolutions,  replete  with  patriotism,  and  not  a  little 
marked  by  passion,  were  adopted  by  her  legislature. 

The  only  act  of  a  purely  domestic  nature  which  deserves  at- 
tention, is  the  charter  of  the  Bank  of  Kentucky,  with  a  capital 
of  $1,000,000,  which  was  passed  at  the  session  of  1807.  In  the 
session  of  1808-9,  the  limitation  in  actions  of  ejectment,  was 
changed  from  twenty  to  seven  years,  where  the  defendant  actu- 
ally resided  upon  the  land,  and  claimed  under  an  adverse  entry 
or  patent,  and  the  new  limitation  was  made  available  in  all  suits 
at  law,  or  in  equity  for  the  recovery  of  land.  This  celebrated 
act  has  quieted  all  litigation  upon  original  conflicting  claims,  and 
was  introduced  by  Humphrey  Marshall. 

No  circumstances  of  domestic  interest  claim  the  attention  of 
the  historian,  in  a  brief  outline  like  the  present,  until  the  war 
which  broke  out  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  in 
1812.  The  general  history  of  that  war  belongs  to  the  historian 
of  the  United  States,  but  no  history  of  Kentucky,  however  brief 
and  general,  can  pass  unnoticed,  those  stirring  incidents  in  the 


296  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

north-west  and  south-west,  in  which  Kentuclcy  acted  so  pronii 
nent  a  part.  The  principal  causes  of  the  war  should  also  be 
briefly  and  generally  adverted  to.  As  has  been  repeatedly  stated, 
the  angry  feelings  occasioned  by  the  war  of  Independence,  were 
not  quieted  by  the  peace  of  1783.  Mortification  and  resentmfent 
rankled  in  the  breasts  of  the  parties  long  after  the  war  had  ter- 
minated, and  the  convulsions  of  the  French  revolution  so  vio- 
lently agitated  the  civilized  world,  that  it  became  very  difficult 
for  a  hation  like  the  United  States  to  remain  undisturbed  by  the 
terrible  struggle,  of  which  the  earth  and  the  ocean  were  made 
the  theatre. 

Being  the  second  maritime  power  in  the  world,  the  United 
States  became  the  carrier  on  the  ocean,  of  a  large  portion  of  the 
commerce  of  Europe.  Many  English  seamen,  tempte'd  by  the 
high  wages  given  by  American  merchants,  were  employed  in  our 
commercial  marine;  and  England  claimed  and  exercised  the  right 
of  impressing  her  own  seamen  wherever  they  might  be  found. 
The  enormous  navy  which  she  maintained,  required  to  be  sup- 
ported by  constant  impressment;  and  under  color  of  seizing  her 
own  citizens,  she  was  constantly  in  the  habit  of  stopping  Ameri- 
can merchantmen,  and  selecting  from  the  crew  such  men,  as  her 
subordinate  officers  chose  to  consider  English,  Irish  or  Scotch, 
and  who  were,  frequently,  native  American  citizens.  Redress 
could  seldom  be  obtained,  and  never  except  after  interminable 
delay  and  vexation.  All  Americans  upon  the  ocean  thus  became 
liable  to  be  seized  at  the  discretion  of  any  British  officer,  and 
forced,  under  the  discipline  of  the  lash,  to  waste  their  lives  in  the 
most  unhealthy  climates,  and  in  the  most  degraded  stations. 
This  grievance  was  the  subject  of  protracted  and  bitter  remon- 
strance, from  the  administration  of  Washington  to  the  opening 
of  the  war;  but  Great  Britain  constantly  refused  to  abandon  the 
right,  or  rather  the  exercise  of  the  power.  In  truth  her  extraor- 
dinary efforts  by  land  and  sea,  called  for  all  the  resources  of  men 
and  money,  which  could  be  made  available,  in  any  part  of  the 
world  ;  and  the  sixty  thousand  splendid  and  unequaled  seamen, 
which  manned  the  American  marine,  totally  unprotected,  save  by 
diplomatic  remonstrance,  afforded  too  rich  a  resource  to  be  aban- 
doned. 

To  the  embittering  grievance  of  impressment,  was  added  in 
1806  and  1807,  a  series  of  paper  blockades,  by  means  of  which, 
not  only  American  seamen,  but  American  merchandize  affoat, 
became  subject  to  seizure  and  confiscation  upon  the  high  seas, 
under  circumstances,  which  left  the  American  government  no 
choice  but  to  abandon  the  ocean  entirely,  or  submit  to  a  whole- 
sale plunder  upon  the  seas,  destructive  to  their  prosperity,  and 
intolerable  to  national  pride.  By  these  orders  in  council  the  whole 
French  empire,  with  its  allies  and  dependencies,  then  embracing 
nearly  all  of  Europe,  were  declared  in  a  state  of  blockade.  Any 
American  vessel  bound  to,  or  returning  from  any  port  in  any  of 
these  countries,  without  first  stopping  at  an  English  port  and  ob- 


OUTLINE   HISTORV.  297 

taining  a  license  to  prosecute  the  voyage,  was  declared  a  lawful 
prize.  This  was  in  retaliation  of  Napoleon's  Berlin  and  Milan  de- 
crees, wherein  he  had  declared  the  British  islands,  their  depen- 
dencies and  allies  in  a  state  of  blockade,  and  had  rendered  every 
vessel  liable  to  confiscation,  which  either  touched  at  a  British 
port,  or  was  laden  in  whole  or  in  part  with  British  produce.  This 
decree,  however,  was  in  retaliation  of  a  previous  decree,  passed 
by  the  English  government  in  1806,  whereby  the  whole  imperial 
coast,  from  Brest  to  the  Elbe,  was  declared  in  a  state  of  blockade. 

All  these  decrees  were  haughty  and  high  handed  violations  of 
national  law,  which  allows  of  no  mere  paper  blockades,  and  re- 
quires the  presence  of  a  sufficient  force,  to  render  them  legal. 
Between  these  haughty  belligerents,  no  American  vessel  could  be 
free  from  liability  to  confiscation.  If  they  were  bound  on  a 
voyage  to  any  European  port,  they  must  touch  at  an  English 
port,  and  obtain  a  license,  or  become  a  lawful  prize  to  some  one 
of  the  thousand  British  cruisers  which  vexed  the  ocean.  If  they 
touched  at  an  English  port,  or  were  laden  in  whole  or  in  part  with 
British  merchandise,  they  were  confiscated  by  the  imperial  edict, 
as  soon  as  they  reached  a  continental  port.  Both  decrees  were 
equally  hostile  to  American  commerce;  but  the  English  had  set 
the  first  example,  and  the  practical  operation  of  their  orders  in 
council  was  far  more  destructive  than  Napoleon's  decree.  One 
thousand  American  vessels,  richly  laden,  became  the  prize  of  the 
British  cruisers ;  irritating  cases  of  impressment  were  constantly 
occurring;  the  language  of  .\merican  diplomacy  became  daily  more 
angry  and  impatient,  that  of  England  daily  more  cold  and 
haughty,  and  in  June,  1812,  the  American  Congress  declared  war. 

By  engaging  in  war,  at  that  time,  the  United  States  unavoida- 
bly became  the  ally  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  who  at  that  time 
governed  Europe  with  a  rod  of  iron,  repressing  all  freedom,  and 
grinding  the  hearts  of  the  people,  by  a  system  of  plunder,  and 
violence,  which  had  already  begun  to  react.  The  federalists, 
since  the  days  of  Washington,  had  regarded  the  French  revolu- 
tion with  aversion,  and  looked  upon  Bonaparte  with  undisguised 
horror.  The  great  strength  of  this  party  lay  in  the  New  Eng- 
land States,  where  the  strict  religious  principles  of  the  Old  Puri- 
tans had  taken  deep  root,  and  where  revolutionary  France  was 
regarded  as  a  power  equally  hostile  to  religion,  to  freedom  and 
morality.  They  looked  upon  the  war  with  deep  aversion,  and 
opposed  it  by  all  means  in  their  power.  Such  is  the  force  of 
passion,  that  this  party,  composed  perhaps  of  the  great  mass  of 
intelligence  and  property,  and  embracing  a  majority  of  the  reli- 
gious and  moral  strength  of  the  country,  were  so  far  blinded  by 
their  hatred  to  Napoleon,  and  French  principles,  as  to  become  al- 
most insensible  to  the  equally  lawless,  and  intolerable  despotism, 
with  which  Great  Britain  scourged  the  ocean.  While  it  cannot 
be  denied  that  the  love  of  the  democratic  party  for  France,  which 
originally  sprung  from  gratitude,  and  a  love  of  liberty,  was  so  far 
blind  and  perverted,  that  they  heartily  sympathised  with  Napo- 


298  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

leon,  and  rejoiced  in  his  triumphs.  Both  claimed  to  be  entirely 
independent  and  American,  yet  the  affections  of  the  one  leaned 
strongly  to  England,  and  those  of  the  other  to  France. 

Our  country  was  then  a  second  rate  power.  England  and 
France  were  the  giant  champions  of  the  hostile  principles,  which 
warred  with  each  other  for  twenty-five  years,  and  the  whole  civi- 
lized world  ranged  themselves  under  one  or  the  other  of  the  hos- 
tile banners.  England  was  the  champion  of  the  ancient  institu- 
tions of  Europe,  which  consisted  of  religion  intimately  inter- 
woven with  aristocracy.  France  attacked  both,  with  a  fury 
which  strengthened  each  by  the  alliance  of  the  other.  Both 
united  were  far  too  strong  for  the  most  virtuous  democracy 
which  has  ever  yet  existed;  far  less  could  they  be  overthrown  by  a 
democracy,  trampling  upon  all  freedom,  and  reveling  in  universal 
violence  and  plunder.  He  who  understands  mankind,  will  not 
wonder  that  the  great  mass  of  property  and  religion  throughout 
the  world,  hated  France,  and  sided  with  England ;  nor  will  he  be 
surprised  that  the  ardent  passions  which  originally  embraced  the 
French  cause,  from  gratitude  and  sympathy  with  freedom,  should 
still  cling  to  their  first  love,  after  the  original  character  of  the 
contest  had  gradually  changed,  and  the  milk-white  lamb  of  1789, 
straggling  for  life  against  despotism,  had  been  transformed  into 
the  ten-horned  monster  of  1812,  trampling  under  foot  the  liber- 
ties of  the  world. 

Under  this  state  of  parties  the  war  commenced.  In  Kentucky 
the  federal  party  was  so  extremely  weak,  and  the  popular  pas- 
sion for  the  war  blazed  with  such  fury,  that  scarcely  any  opposi- 
tion was  perceptible.  But  in  the  New  England  States,  where  it 
predominated,  it  displayed  itself  with  a  strength  and  fervor, 
which  seriously  embarrassed  the  government,  and  has  excited 
against  the  party  generally,  a  degree  of  odium  from  which  it 
will  not  easily  recover. 

The  first  events  of  the  war,  upon  land,  were  such  as  might 
naturally  be  expected,  from  a  nation  essentially  pacific,  mercan- 
tile and  agricultural.  An  invasion  of  Upper  Canada  by  Hull, 
resulted  in  the  surrender  of  his  army,  and  the  loss  of  the  whole 
territory  of  Michigan.  An  attempt  to  invade  Canada  upon  the 
Niagara  frontier,  resulted  in  a  total  failure,  attended  with  some 
disgrace  and  an  immense  clamor.  By  the  loss  of  Michigan,  all 
American  control  over  the  numerous  Indian  tribes  of  the  north- 
west, was  lost,  and  they  poured  down,  from  the  great  lakes,  upon 
our  extended  frontier,  in  great  numbers. 

The  war  spirit  in  Kentucky  blazed  forth  with  unprecedented 
vigor.  Seven  thousand  volunteers  at  once  oilered  their  services 
to  the  government,  and  fifteen  hundred  were  on  the  march  for 
Detroit,  when  the  intelligence  of  Hull's  surrender  induced  them 
to  halt.  This  disastrous  news  was  received  with  a  burst  of  indig- 
nant fury,  which  no  other  event  has  ever  excited  in  Kentucky. 
The  author  of  this  sketch  was  then  a  child,  and  well  recollects 
hearing  the  news  discussed  by  a  company  of  married  ladies,  who 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  299 

unanimously  pronounced  Hull  a  traitor,  and  with  great  vehem- 
ence declared  that  he  ought  to  be  gibbeted,  or  crucified — ordinary 
hanging  being  far  too  mild  a  punishment  for  so  monstrous  a 
traitor. 

The  military  ardor  of  the  men  seemed  cather  increased  than 
diminished  by  the  disaster,  and  a  call  of  the  governor  for  fifteen 
hundred  volunteers,  to  march  against  the  Indian  villages  of 
northern  Illinois,  was  answered  by  moi'e  than  two  thousand  vol- 
unteers, who  assembled  at  Louisville  under  General  Hopkinsj 
and  marched  into  the  Indian  country,  until  their  provisions  be- 
came scarce,  and  their  ardor  had  become  cooled  by  the  protracted 
fatigue  and  hardships  to  which  they  were  exposed,  when,  without 
having  encountered  the  enemy,  they  suddenly  abandoned  their 
general  and  returned  home,  in  defiance  of  all  remonstrances. 

The  residue  of  the  Kentucky  volunteers  were  placed  under  the 
orders  of  General  Harrison,  the  governor  of  the  Indiana  territory, 
and  since  elected  to  the  presidency.  This  gentleman  had  long 
been  governor  of  Indiana,  and  in  the  preceding  year  had  fought 
a  bloody  battle,  at  Tippecanoe,  with  the  Indians,  in  which  the 
brave  and  eloquent  Daveiss  had  lost  his  life.  The  last  act  of 
Governor  Scott's  administration,  was  to  confer  upon  him  the 
rank  of  major  general  in  the  Kentucky  militia,  and  shortly  after 
the  same  rank  was  given  him  by  the  President,  in  the  regular 
service,  with  the  chief  command  in  the  north-west.  The  plan 
of  the  campaign,  as  laid  at  Washington  city,  was  to  assemble 
under  this  general,  the  militia  of  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Virginia,  and 
Pennsylvania,  with  such  regular  troops  as  could  be  raised,  to  re- 
take Detroit,  overawe  the  north-western  tribes,  and  conquer 
Upper  Canada. 

The  secretary  of  war  evidently  regarded  this  as  a  simple  and 
easy  undertaking,  and  the  autumn  and  winter  of  1812-13  was 
spent  in  ill-digested,  awkward  and  unsuccessful  efforts  to  carry 
out  this  plan.  The  face  of  the  country  presented  obstacles  to 
the  march  of  an  army,  with  the  necessary  baggage  and  supplies, 
which  seem  to  have  been  totally  overlooked  by  the  secretary. 
The  country  to  be  traversed  was  little  better  than  a  wilderness  of 
swamps  and  marshes,  which,  in  the  rainy  season,  were  almost 
impassable.  The  command  of  the  lake,  so  essential  to  a  well 
digested  plan,  was  entirely  overlooked,  and  was  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  enemy.  Volunteers  were  furnished  in  great  numbers 
and  muskets  in  abundance,  but  the  commissariat's  and  quarter- 
master's departments  were  in  a  state  of  total  anarchy.  The  men 
were  full  of  courage,  and  ardently  desired  to  fight;  the  govern- 
ment was  sincerely  anxious  to  furnish  them  with  what  was  ne- 
cessary;  but  every  department  was  raw,  inexperienced,  and  inef- 
ficient. Delays,  disappointments,  and  blunders  without  number 
occurred.  The  ardor  of  the  volunteers  expended  itself  in  inglo- 
rious struggles  with  hunger,  disease,  and  intolerable  hardships 
and  privations,  and  one  of  the  finest  of  the  Kentucky  regiments, 
commanded  by  the  brave  and  unfortunate  Allen,  was  with  much 


300  OUTLINE    HISTORY. 

difficult}-  restrained  from  disbanding  and  returning  liome.  The 
money  expended  in  miserable  and  abortive  eilbrts  to  drag  pro- 
visions and  ammunition  through  a  marshy  wilderness  of  nearly 
two  hundred  miles,  would  have  nearly  equipped  a  fleet  sufficient 
to  maintain  the  command  of  the  lake,  and  the  sums  wasted 
in  the  quartermaster's  department,  would  nearly  have  furnished 
transports  for  a  sufficient  force  to  have  seized  Maiden.  But  the 
secretary  had  planned  the  campaign  as  if  this  swampy  wilder- 
ness was  a  high  and  healthy  region,  traversed  thickly  by  the  best 
turnpike  road.s,  and  acted  as  if  totally  ignorant  that  such  a  body 
of  water  as  lake  Erie  was  in  existence. 

After  a  series  of  plans  hastily  conceived,  partially  executed, 
and  then  as  hastily  abandoned,  after  forced  marches  undertaken 
through  horrible  roads,  without  adequate  object,  and  terminating 
in  nothing,  sometimes  upon  half  rations,  and  a  part  of  the  time 
upon  no  rations  at  all,  the  army  at  length  found  itself  about  the 
1st  of  January,  with  the  left  wing  at  fort  Defiance  under  General 
Winchester,  and  the  right  at  Upper  Sandusky  under  Harrison. 
The  left  wing  was  composed  almost  entirely  of  Kentucky  volun- 
teers, and  the  right  of  militia  from  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  Vir- 
ginia. The  immediate  object  was  to  advance  to  the  Rapids,  and 
thence  to  make  a  march  upon  Detroit.  The  left  wing  took  the 
lead,  and  the  Kentuckians,  with  Wells'  regiment  of  regulars, 
reached  the  Rapids  on  the  10th.  Here  they  halted,  and  by  order 
were  to  wait  the  arrival  of  Harrison. 

On  the  14th,  however,  they  received  intelligence  that  two  com- 
panies of  Canadian  militia  and  about  two  hundred  Indians  were 
at  Frenchtown  on  the  river  Raisin,  within  striking  distance,  and 
instantly  a  burning  thirst  for  battle,  seized  both  officers  and  sol- 
diers. Frenchtown  was  about  thirty-eight  miles  from  the  Rapids, 
and  only  eighteen  miles  from  the  British  garrison  of  Maiden. 
The  lake  was  frozen  hard,  and  the  march  over  the  ice  from  Mai- 
den could  be  made  in  a  few  hours.  The  British  could  in  a  few 
hours  throw  two  thousand  men  upon  Frenchtown,  and  no  sup- 
port was  nearer  than  Upper  Sandusky,  at  least  five  days  march 
distant.  Yet  a  detachment  of  nine  hundred  and  ninety  Ken- 
tucky militia,  was  thrust  forward,  within  the  very  jaws  of  the 
British  garrison,  to  strike  at  this  detachment  of  Indians  and 
Canadians.  Colonel  Lewis  commanded  the  detachment,  and  un- 
der him  were  Colonel  Allen,  Majors  Graves  and  Madison.  A 
forced  march  within  less  than  two  days  brought  them  in  view  of 
the  enemy,  whom  they  attacked  with  the  greatest  bravery;  Major 
Reynolds  commanded  the  British,  and  made  a  spirited  defence, 
from  the  picketed  enclosures  and  houses  near  the  village,  but 
was  driven  from  all  his  defences,  under  a  continual  charge,  for 
more  than  two  miles,  with  some  loss. 

This  battle  was  fought  on  the  18th  January.  Prompt  intelligence 
of  the  action  was  sent  to  General  Winchester,  on  the  night  after 
the  battle,  which  reached  him  on  the  morning  of  the  19th.  On  that 
evening  he  commenced  his  march  with  a  reinforcement  of  two 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  301 

hundred  and  fifty  regulars  under  Colonel  Wells,  leaving  three  hun- 
dred men  to  guard  the  camp.  On  the  evening  of  the  20th  he 
reached  Frenchtown,  and  found  Colonel  Lewis  still  in  possession 
of  the  town,  and  encamped  within  a  large  picketed  enclosure, 
which  afforded  an  excellent  protection  against  musketry,  but  none 
against  artillery.  There  was  room  within  the  enclosure  to  the  left 
of  Colonel  Lewis,  for  the  whole  of  the  regulars  ;  but  Winchester 
encamped  in  open  ground  on  the  right,  having  his  right  flank 
Avithin  musket  shot  of  some  detached  houses  and  enclosures  which 
were  not  occupied.  On  the  21st  all  remained  quiet,  and  the  gen- 
eral determined  on  the  following  day,  to  throw  up  some  works 
for  the  protection  of  the  regulars,  declining  to  avail  himself  of 
the  picketing  on  the  left  of  Lewis,  from  an  absurd  regard  to  mili- 
tary etiquette,  which  entitled  regulars  to  the  post  of  honor  on  the 
right. 

On  the  evening  of  the  21st,  he  learned  that  a  large  force  was 
at  Maiden,  apparently  preparing  for  a  march, — yet  he  sottishly 
slighted  the  intelligence,  and  on  that  evening  gave  permission  to 
Colonel  Wells  to  return  to  the  Rapids,  and  fixed  his  own  head- 
quarters nearly  a  mile  from  the  camp,  at  the  house  of  Colonel 
Navarre.  The  night  was  intensely  cold,  and  no  picket  was 
posted  in  advance,  upon  the  road  by  which  the  enemy  might  be 
expected.  At  day-light  on  the  morning  of  the  22d  the  camp  was 
suddenly  attacked  by  about  two  thousand  British  and  Indians,  in 
two  divisions.  The  British  regulars  under  Proctor  advanced 
against  the  picketing  with  a  rapid  and  firm  step,  and  under  a 
heavy  fire  of  cannon  and  musketry,  and  were  received  by  the 
Kentuckians,  with  a  torrent  of  fire,  which  did  vast  execution. 
Thirty  of  the  British  regulars  fell  dead  within  musket  shot  of  the 
lines,  and  three  times  that  number  of  wounded  were  borne  to  the 
rear.  The  survivors,  retreated  in  great  disorder,  and  contented 
themselves  with  a  heavy  cannonade  from  six  field  pieces,  against 
the  picketing. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Indians  and  Canadians  attacked  Wells' 
regiment,  encamped  in  the  open  ground,  with  savage  yells,  and 
a  slaughtering  fire,  from  the  cover  of  the  houses,  and  enclosures 
which  flanked  them.  After  a  brief  action  of  only  a  few  minutes, 
this  regiment  gave  way  in  total  confusion.  Winchester  came  up 
from  his  distant  quarters  in  time  to  witness  the  flight  of  this 
regiment,  and  strove  to  rally  it  within  cover  of  the  picketing  oc- 
cupied by  the  Kentuckians;  but  the  panic  was  so  complete  that 
no  order  could  be  heard,  and  these  unhappy  men  fled  through  a 
deep  snow  along  the  road  by  which  they  had  advanced  from  the 
Kapids,  thirty-six  hours  before.  They  were  pursued  by  four  times 
their  number  of  Indians,  and  an  indiscriminate  and  almost  total 
butchery  ensued.  Colonels  Allen  and  Lewis  left  the  picketing, 
and  exerted  themselves  bravely,  to  rally  and  re-form  the  fugi- 
tives, but  Allen  was  killed  and  Lewis  taken,  as  was  also  the  com- 
mander-in-chief. Many  Kentuckians  of  every  grade  united  in 
the  effort  to  rally  the  fugitives,  and  bring  them  within  the  shelter 


302  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

of  the  picketing,  among  whom  were  Woolfolk,  Simpson  and 
Meade,  all  of  whom  were  killed.  Scarcely  a  man  of  the  fugi- 
tives escaped  death  or  captivity,  and  not  a  Kentuckian  who  had 
sallied  from  the  picketing,  returned.  While  this  dreadful 
butchery  was  enacted  within  sight  and  hearing  of  both  armies, 
the  Kentuckians,  now  commanded  by  Majors  Madison  and  Graves, 
remained  within  their  enclosure,  and  for  four  hours  kept  the 
enemy  at  bay.  During  this  time  six  field  pieces  played  upon 
them  incessantly,  from  various  positions,  and  at  length  their  am- 
munition was  reduced  to  a  single  keg  of  cartridges.  Proctor  then 
summoned  them,  through  General  Winchester,  to  surrender, 
offering  honorable  conditions,  and  ample  protection  to  the 
wounded.  After  considerable  parley,  the  terms  were  accepted, 
and  the  whole  detachment  became  prisoners  of  war.  The  con- 
ditions were  faithfully  kept,  so  far  as  the  officers  and  men,  who 
were  unhurt,  was  concerned,  but  inhumanly  violated  with  regard 
to  the  wounded.  These  were  left  in  Frenchtown,  without  a  guard, 
as  had  been  stipulated,  under  the  care  of  the  American  surgeons, 
attended  by  a  single  British  officer  and  a  few  interpreters.  A 
number  of  drunken  Indians  entered  the  town  on  the  morning 
after  the  battle,  and  the  helpless  wounded  were  murdered  with 
circumstances  of  shocking  barbarity.  The  wounded  officers, 
Major  Graves,  Captains  Hart  and  Hickman,  were  tomahawked, 
and  two  houses  crowded  with  wounded  officers  and  men,  were 
set  on  fire,  and  consumed,  with  their  helpless  inmates.  This 
dreadful  crime  is  chargeable  to  the  gross  negligence,  if  not  wilful 
connivance  of  Proctor,  and  is  an  indelible  stain  upon  the  honor 
of  the  British  arms. 

The  brave  and  veteran  Shelby  had  succeeded  Scott  as  governor 
of  Kentucky,  and  upon  the  intelligence  of  the  dreadful  disaster  at 
Raisin,  was  authorized,  and  requested  by  the  legislature  of  Ken- 
tucky, to  take  the  field  in  person,  at  the  head  of  the  reinforce- 
ments which  volunteered  their  services  in  profusion,  to  supply  the 
places  of  their  countrymen  who  had  fallen,  or  been  led  into  cap- 
tivity. Four  regiments  instantly  tendered  their  services,  com- 
manded by  the  colonels,  Dudley,  Bos  well.  Cox  and  Caldwell;  the 
whole  forming  a  strong  brigade  under  General  Clay. 

A  portion  of  this  force  was  pushed  forward  by  forced  marches 
to  reinforce  Harrison,  who  was  now  nearly  destitute  of  troops 
(their  time  of  service  having  expired),  and  was  lying  at  the 
Rapids,  exposed  to  a  coup  dc  main,  from  the  enemy  who  lay 
within  striking  distance  at  Maiden,  and  might  by  a  little  activity, 
repeat  the  terrible  blow  of  the  Raisin,  upon  the  banks  of  the 
Maumee.  The  war  had  not  lasted  six  months,  there  was  but  one 
regular  British  regiment  in  Upper  Canada,  and  the  United  States 
had  already  lost  the  whole  territory  of  Michigan,  and  instead  of 
taking  the  offensive,  was  occupying  a  weak  defensive  position, 
within  her  own  territory,  the  enemy  being  strongest  upon  the 
point  of  operations,  and  having  complete  command  of  the  lake. 

Harrison  employed  himself  during  the  winter  in  fortifying  his 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  303 

position  below  the  Rapids,  which  was  called  camp  Meigs,  in  honor 
of  Governor  Meigs,  of  Ohio.  It  consisted  of  an  area  of  about 
seven  acres,  enclosed  by  strong  pickets,  deeply  sunk  in  the 
ground,  and  with  block  houses  at  the  angles.  It  could  not  resist 
regular  approaches,  or  heavy  artillery,  but  was  available  against 
light  artillery  and  sudden  attacks,  and  enabled  him  to  await  the 
arrival  of  reinforcements.  Proctor  gave  him  ample  time  to  re- 
ceive reinforcements  and  strengthen  himself  by  fortifications, 
making  no  movement  of  consequence  until  late  in  April,  although 
able  at  any  time  to  throw  a  superior  force  upon  his  adversary. 

On  the  12th  of  April,  the  advanced  guard  of  the  Kentucky 
reinforcfment  reached  camp  Meigs,  and  on  the  26th  of  that 
month  the  British  flotilla,  having  on  board  battering  cannon,  and 
abundant  supplies  for  a  siege,  appeared  upon  the  lake  at  the 
mouth  of  Maumee  river.  Shortly  afterwards  his  gun  boats  as- 
cended the  river  to  within  two  miles  of  the  fort,  the  cannon  were 
disembarked,  and  batteries  were  thrown  up,  both  above  and 
below  the  fort.  A  vast  force  of  Indians,  under  the  celebrated 
Tecumseh,  attended  the  British  army,  and  cut  otT  communication 
with  the  interior.  A  heavy  fire  was  opened  from  the  British  bat- 
teries on  the  1st  of  May,  which  was  returned  at  intervals  from 
the  fort,  their  supply  of  cannon  balls  being  very  limited,  and 
their  twelve  pounders  being  principally  supplied  with  balls  from 
the  enemy. 

On  the  4th  of  May,  General  Clay,  with  the  residue  of  the  Ken- 
tucky brigade,  had  reached  fort  Defiance.  The  present  General 
Leslie  Combs,  of  Lexington,  then  a  captain,  gallantly  volunteered 
to  carry  to  the  garrison  the  news  of  Clay's  approach,  and  at  the 
head  of  five  men,  attempted  to  descend  the  river  in  a  canoe,  for 
that  purpose.  But  the  swarms  of  Indians  who  infested  the  woods 
defeated  the  attempt,  and  after  the  loss  of  nearly  all  his  men,  he 
was  compelled  to  return.  Lieutenant  David  Trimble  had  better 
success,  and  Harrison  was  informed  that  Clay's  brigade  was  de- 
scending the  river  from  fort  Defiance  to  his  aid,  and  would  proba- 
bly arrive  on  the  5th  at  daylight.  General  Harrison  then  sent 
orders  to  Clay  by  captain  Hamilton,  who  ascended  the  river  in  a 
aanoe,  to  land  eight  hundred  men  upon  the  northern  shore,  oppo- 
site the  fort,  to  carry  the  British  batteries,  there  placed,  to  spike 
the  cannon  and  destroy  the  carriages,  after  which  they  were  im- 
mediately to  regain  their  boats  and  cross  over  to  the  fort.  The 
residue  of  the  brigade  was  ordered  to  land  upon  the  southern 
shore,  and  fight  their  way  through  the  Indians  to  the  fort. 

Nothing  was  more  easy  than  the  execution  of  these  orders, 
had  the  troops  been  well  drilled,  and  had  the  object  of  Harrison, 
which  was  simply  to  silence  the  batteries,  been  distinctly  under- 
stood by  the  otficers.  The  batteries  were  slightly  guarded,  the 
mass  of  British  infantry  was  in  the  camp  two  miles  below,  and 
the  Indian  force  was  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river.  Had  the 
order  been  given  to  a  captain  and  one  hundred  regulars,  it  would 
probably  have  been  successfully  executed.      Clay  received  the 


304  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

order  from  Hamilton,  and  directed  him  to  communicate  it  it. 
Colonel  Dudley,  who  was  charged  with  its  execution.  Dudley 
received  the  order,  and  landed  with  the  troops  in  the  first  twelve 
boats,  upon  the  northern  shore  as  directed.  He  does  not  seem  to 
have  thoroughly  understood  the  object  of  Harrison,  and  he  never 
communicated  to  his  subordinates  the  precise  nature  of  his  orders. 
The  great  mass  knew  nothing  more,  than  they  were  to  fight  an 
enemy  on  the  northern  shore,  and  were  totally  ignorant  that 
when  the  cannon  were  spiked  and  the  carriages  destroyed,  their 
object  was  accomplished.  They  accordingly  rushed  upon  the 
batteries,  which  were  abandoned  in  disorder  by  the  artillerymen, 
and  the  real  object  of  the  expedition  was  in  a  moment  accom- 
plished. A  small  force  of  Indians  and  Canadians,  however, 
showed  themselves  upon  the  skirts  of  the  wood,  and  opened  a 
straggling  fire,  which  was  eagerly  returned  by  the  Kentuckians, 
and  the  retreating  enemy  was  hotly  followed  up,  in  considerable 
disorder,  for  nearly  two  miles.  The  detachment  was  dispersed  in 
small  parties,  no  general  command  was  retained  over  it,  and  no 
one  seems  to  have  understood,  that  they  were  expected  to  retreat 
rapidly  to  their  boats  as  soon  as  the  cannon  were  spiked.  The 
consequences  were  such  as  might  have  been  predicted.  Proctor 
came  up  with  a  British  force  and  intercepted  their  retreat,  the  In- 
dians crossed  over  in  great  numbers  and  reinforced  the  retreat- 
ing party,  which  had  decoyed  the  Kentuckians  into  the  woods, 
and  the  whole  detachment,  with  the  exception  of  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  men,  was  killed  or  taken.  The  prisoners  were 
taken  within  the  walls  of  the  old  British  fort,  below,  under  a 
very  slender  guard,  and  while  huddled  together  in  this  place,  the 
Indians  amused  themselves  in  shooting  them  down  and  scalping 
them.  This  cruel  sport  continued  for  some  time,  until  it  was  in- 
terrupted by  the  arrival  of  Tecumseh  at  full  gallop,  who  instantly 
and  with  great  indignation,  put  a  stop  to  the  massacre.  A  sortie 
was  made  about  the  same  time  from  the  fort,  against  a  battery 
on  the  southern  shore  of  the  river,  in  which  a  company  of  Ken- 
tucky militia  brilliantly  distinguished  themselves,  but  sustained 
great  loss. 

On  the  whole,  the  5th  of  May  was  disastrous  to  the  American 
army.  The  movement  on  the  northern  bank  was  too  critical  and 
delicate  to  be  performed  by  a  corps  of  undisciplined  volunteers, 
unless  under  the  most  precise  instructions,  thoroughly  under- 
stood, by  officers  and  men.  The  force  was  far  too  great  for  the 
object  contemplated,  which  might  have  been  accomplished  by  one 
fourth  of  the  number,  and  was  too  small  to  defend  itself  against 
a  force  which  was  within  forty  minutes'  march  of  the  batteries, 
and  was  sure  to  be  aroused,  if  there  was  the  least  delay.  The 
news  of  the  capture  of  fort  George  by  General  Dearborn,  how 
ever,  alarmed  Proctor,  and  the  little  effect  produced  by  his  fire, 
together  with  the  large  force  which  had  reinforced  Harrison, 
induced  him  to  abandon  the  siege,  and  return  to  jNIalden.  The 
force  under  Proctor,  including  Indians,  was  probably  3200  men. 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  305 

Harrison's  force  exclusive  of  Clay's  reinforcement  was  about  1200, 
and  including  Clay's  brigade  about  2500  rank  and  file  fit  for  duty. 
Colonel  Richard  M.  Johnson,  then  a  member  of  Congress,  had 
early  in  the  spring,  raised  a  regiment  of  mounted  gunmen,  who 
now  joined  General  Harrison,  and  were  engaged  during  the  early 
part  of  the  summer  in  distant,  harassing,  and  fruitless  expedi- 
tions against  the  Indian  villages  of  the  north-west.  Proctor  re- 
mained quiet  at  Maiden,  organizing  an  Indian  force  for  a  second 
invasion  of  Ohio.  Harrison  remained  at  Upper  Sandusky,  busily 
engaged  in  preparing  for  decisive  operations  in  the  fall. 

The  secretary  had  now  practically  learned  the  importance  of 
commanding  lake  Erie.  Lieutenant  Perry  of  the  navy,  had  been 
detached,  from  the  squadron  under  command  of  Chauncey  on 
lake  Ontario,  to  superintend  the  equipment  of  a  fleet  on  lake 
Erie,  and  take  the  command  of  it  when  ready  for  service.  The 
plan  of  the  present  campaign,  was  sensible  and  military.  It 
was  simply  to  obtain  command  of  the  lake,  and  by  means  of 
a  cheap  and  rapid  water  communication,  to  pour  a  superior  force 
upon  Upper  Canada,  and  finish  the  war  in  the  north-west  by  a 
single  blow.  All  depended  upon  the  result  of  the  naval  battle, 
to  be  fought  with  ships,  which  in  June,  existed  in  the  shape  of 
green  timber  growing  upon  the  shore  of  lake  Erie.  Money 
however  was  lavishly,  and  now  wisely  expended,  and  under  the 
active  exertions  of  Perry,  two  brigs  of  twenty  guns  each,  and 
seven  smaller  vessels,  by  the  middle  of  summer  began  to  assume 
the  appearance  of  a  fleet.  All  difficulties  both  of  building  and 
launching,  were  successfully  overcome,  and  by  the  close  of  sum- 
mer. Perry  was  ready  to  engage  the  enemy. 

In  the  meantime  Harrison  had  called  upon  the  veteran  Shelby, 
for  a  force  not  exceeding  two  thousand  infantry.  The  governor 
instantly  issued  a  proclamation,  inviting  volunteers  to  meet  him 
at  Newport,  and  announcing  that  he  would  lead  them  in  person 
against  the  enemy.  Four  thousand  mounted  volunteers  res- 
ponded to  the  call,  who  after  some  hesitation  were  accepted  by 
Harrison,  and  proceeded  without  delay  to  the  scene  of  operations. 

In  the  meantime  a  second  feeble  and  abortive  eflbrt  was  made 
by  Proctor  to  take  camp  Meigs,  which  failed  disgracefully,  after 
vast  expense  had  been  incurred  in  collecting  stores  and  Indian 
auxiliaries,  and  the  result  of  which  displayed  that  imbecility 
had  passed  over  to  the  enemy,  and  that  energy  and  wisdom  were 
beginning  to  prevail  in  the  American  conduct  of  affairs.  Having 
failed  to  make  any  impression  upon  camp  Meigs,  Proctor  at- 
tempted to  carry  fort  Stephenson,  a  small  picketed  stockade,  gar- 
risoned by  Colonel  Croghan  of  Kentucky  with  one  hundred  and 
fifty  men,  and  so  totally  indefensible  that  Harrison  had  ordered 
Croghan  to  evacuate  it,  and  rejoin  the  main  army.  It  was  com- 
pletely invested,  however,  before  these  orders  could  be  obeyed, 
and  successfully  resisted  the  attack  of  fifteen  hundred  men.  Only 
one  assault  was  attempted,  which  was  bravely  repulsed  with  a 
slaughter  which  induced  Proctor  hastily  to  decamp  and  return  to 
I. ..20 


306  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

Maiden,  after  one  of  the  feeblest  and  most  disgraceful  expedi- 
tions, which  has  ever  disgraced  the  British  arms. 

The  crisis  of  the  campaign  had  now  arrived,  and  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  10th  of  September,  the  flotilla  of  lieutenant  Perry  en- 
gaged the  British  fleet  under  captain  Barclay,  a  British  oflicer 
of  great  experience,  who  had  fought  under  Nelson  at  Trafalgar. 
The  number  of  men  in  the  respective  squadrons  was  nearly  equal ; 
the  British  vessels  carried  sixty-three  guns,  and  the  American 
fifty-four;  the  British  had  six  vessels,  and  the  American  nine.  But 
seven  of  the  American  vessels  were  mere  gun  boats,  carrying 
most  of  them  only  one  gun,  and  none  of  them  more  than  three, 
while  the  remaining  two,  named  the  Lawrence  and  Niagara, 
carried  twenty  guns  each.  A  great  proportion  of  the  British 
armament  consisted  of  long  guns,  while  the  two  American  brigs 
were  armed  almost  exclusively  with  carronades.  If  the  British 
official  report  is  to  be  trusted,  however,  the  weight  of  metal  in  a 
close  action  would  be  immensely  in  favor  of  the  American  fleet, 
as  most  of  their  guns  were  thirty-two  and  twenty-four  pounders, 
while  the  great  majority  of  the  British  guns,  were  nine,  six 
and  four  pounders,  and  only  a  few  as  high  as  twenty-four  and 
eighteen.  A  detachment  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  of  the  Ken- 
tucky volunteers  served  on  board  of  Perry's  fieet  as  marines,  and 
upon  this  new  element  acquitted  themselves  with  the  greatest 
bravery. 

The  action  began  between  eleven  and  twelve  o'clock,  with 
scarcely  a  breath  of  air  to  stir  the  bosom  of  the  lake.  Perry  in 
the  Lawrence,  accompanied  by  two  of  the  small  vessels,  bore 
down  upon  the  enemy,  but  was  not  closely  followed  by  lieuten- 
ant Elliot  in  the  Niagara,  and  the  rest  of  the  small  vessels.  For 
two  hours  Perry  remained  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  whole  Brit- 
ish fleet,  by  which  his  vessel  was  cut  to  pieces,  and  three-fourths 
of  his  crew  killed  and  wounded.  Elliot  during  this  time  was 
never  within  less  than  half  a  mile  of  the  enemy,  and  the  residue 
of  the  fleet  was  not  nearer  than  a  mile  and  a  half,  save  the  two 
small  vessels  which  accompanied  him.  By  two  o'clock  Perry's 
vessel  was  totally  disabled,  but  the  rest  of  his  fleet  was  but  little 
injured.  The  lake  was  so  smooth,  that  the  distant  gun  boats, 
from  their  long  twenty-four  and  thirty-two  pounders,  threw  their 
shot  with  great  precision,  and  had  made  themselves  felt  in  the 
action;  but  Elliot's  brig,  which  formed  so  essential  a  part  of  the 
force,  and  which  was  armed  almost  exclusively  with  carronades 
had  as  yet  annoyed  the  enemy  but  little,  and  had  fought  princi- 
pally with  two  twelve  pounders,  the  only  long  guns  she  had.  At 
two  o'clock,  Perry  left  the  Lawrence  under  command  of  her  lieu- 
tenant, and  in  an  open  boat,  rowed  to  the  Niagara.  Upon 
Perry's  expressing  dissatisfaction  at  the  manner  in  which  the 
gun  boats  were  managed,  Elliot  volunteered  to  bring  them  up. 
He  left  the  Niagara  in  a  boat  for  that  purpose,  and  passed  sv\aftly 
down  the  line,  ordering  them  to  cease  firing,  and  by  the  combined 
use  of  their  sweeps  and  sails,  to  press  forward  into  close  action. 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  307 

Instantly  a  new  impulse  was  given  to  the  whole  line.  The 
well  known  signal  for  close  action,  was  now  seen  flying  from  the 
Niagara,  and  after  a  delay  of  fifteen  minutes,  to  enable  the  gun 
boats  to  come  up.  Perry  bore  down  upon  the  British  line,  passed 
through  it,  and  delivered  a  raking  fire  of  grape  and  cannister, 
from  both  broadsides,  at  half  pistol  shot  distance.  The  dreadful 
cries  from  the  Queen  Charlotte  and  Lady  Prevost,  which  followed 
this  close  and  murderous  discharge,  announced  the  fatal  accuracy 
with  which  it  had  been  delivered.  The  gun  boats  were  now 
within  pistol  shot,  and  a  tremendous  cannonade,  accompanied  by 
the  shrill  clear  notes  of  many  bugles  from  the  English  vessels, 
announced  that  they  expected  to  be  boarded,  and  were  summon- 
ing their  boarders  to  repel  the  anticipated  assault.  No  boarding, 
however,  was  attempted.  The  superior  weight  of  the  American 
mettle,  was  now  telling,  in  close  fight,  when  the  full  pow-er  of 
their  carronades  was  felt,  and  in  fifteen  minutes  the  enemy  sur- 
rendered, with  the  exception  of  two  of  their  smallest  vessels, 
which  attempted  to  escape.  The  attempt  proved  fruitless,  and 
the  whole  fleet  of  the  enemy  became  the  prize  of  the  captors. 
When  the  smoke  cleared  away,  so  that  the  hostile  fleets  could 
be  distinctly  seen,  they  were  found  intermingled,  within  half  pis- 
tol shot.  The  signal  for  close  action  was  still  flying  from  the 
mast  head  of  the  American  commodore,  and  the  small  vessels 
were  still  sternly  wearing  their  answering  flag  of  intelligence 
and  obedience.  The  loss  on  both  sides,  owing  to  the  dreadful 
slaughter  on  board  the  Lawrence,  was  nearly  equal.  The  Ameri- 
can loss  was  twenty-seven  killed  and  ninety-six  wounded,  con- 
siderably more  than  half  of  which  was  sustained  by  the  crew  of 
the  Lawrence. 

This  victory,  never  surpassed  in  splendor,  however  it  may  have 
been  in  magnitude,  was  decisive  of  the  fate  of  the  campaign. 
It  gave  to  Harrison  the  complete  command  of  the  lake,  and  the 
power  of  throwing  an  overwhelming  force  into  the  rear  of 
Proctor,  if  he  should  attempt  to  maintain  his  position  at  Detroit 
and  Maiden.  Such,  however,  was  by  no  means  his  intention. 
No  sooner  did  he  learn  that  Harrison,  at  the  head  of  a  small 
regular  force,  and  the  powerful  reinforcement  of  Kentuckians 
under  Shelby,  was  crossing  the  lake,  and  about  to  operate  upon 
his  rear,  than  he  abandoned  his  position  with  great  precipitation, 
and  commenced  a  rapid  retreat,  in  the  first  stages  of  which  he 
was  deserted  by  more  than  one  half  of  his  Indian  auxiliaries. 
The  gallant  Tecumseh,  at  the  head  of  more  than  a  thousand  war- 
riors, however,  remained  faithful  in  adversity,  and  accompanied 
him,  as  is  believed  under  a  promise  that  the  first  favorable 
gi-ound  should  be  selected  for  a  battle.  No  time  was  lost  in  avail- 
ing himself  of  his  complete  command  of  the  lake.  The  horses 
of  the  Kentuckians  were  left  upon  the  American  shore,  under  a 
guard  reluctantly  draughted  for  that  indispensable  but  inglorious 
service,  and  enclosed  within  an  ample  grazing  ground,  while 
their  comrades  were  joyfully  wafted  to  the  hostile  shore,  where 


308  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

they  debarked  on  the  27th  of  September.  Proctor  had  retreated 
on  the  24th  of  the  same  month. 

After  detaching  General  McArthur  to  resume  possession  of  De- 
troit, which  had  now  been  under  British  dominion  for  thirteen 
months,  General  Harrison,  at  the  head  of  the  Kentucky  infantry, 
about  one  hundred  and  twenty  regulars,  and  Colonel  .Johnson's 
regiment  of  mounted  gunmen,  commenced  pursuit  of  Proctor. 
He  came  up  with  him  on  the  5th  of  October,  upon  the  banlcs  of 
the  Thames,  near  the  old  Moravian  village,  where  a  decisive  bat- 
tle was  fought.  The  ground  occupied  by  the  Briti.sh,  was  the 
river  bottom,  about  three  hundred  yards  wide,  and  thickly  set  with 
beech  trees.  Their  left  rested  upon  the  river  and  their  right  upon 
a  swamp,  which  ran  parallel  to  the  river,  and  covered  their  right 
flank.  Beyond  this  swamp  their  line  was  prolonged  by  their 
Indian  allies  under  Tecumseh.  There  were  probably  about  five 
hundred  British  regulars,  rank  and  file,  upon  the  ground,  and  from 
1000  to  1500  Indians.  The  force  of  Harrison,  including  the  hand- 
ful of  regulars  and  friendly  Indians,  was  probably  3500  men. 
The  English,  however,  presented  a  narrow  front,  and  were  well 
secured  upon  each  flank,  and  the  ground  was  extremely  favora- 
ble to  their  Indian  allies.  Harrison's  line  of  battle  was  formed  of 
five  brigades  of  Kentucky  volunteers,  under  the  generals  Trotter, 
King,  Chiles,  Allen  and  Caldwell,  the  three  first  composing  the 
division  of  Major  General  Henry;  the  two  last  commanded  by 
Major  General  Desha.  The  division  of  Henry  was  formed  in 
three  lines,  fronting  the  British  regulars — that  of  Desha  was 
formed  at  right  angles  to  Henry  facing  the  swamp,  from  which 
the  Indian  torrent  was  expected  to  burst.  The  venerable  Shelby 
took  his  station  at  the  point  where  the  lines  intersected.  Colonel 
Johnson's  regiment  had  originally  been  intended  to  turn  the  flank 
of  the  Indians,  and  operate  in  the  rear,  as  in  Wayne's  battle,  but 
General  Harrison  was  informed  by  Colonel  Wood,  of  the  engi- 
neers, that  the  British  regulars  were  deployed  as  skirmishers  in 
loose  order,  and  he  instantly  determined  to  charge  them  with 
the  mounted  gun  men. 

Colonel  Johnson,  finding  that  the  whole  of  his  regiment  could 
not  act  with  eflect  upon  the  English  troops,  directed  his  brother 
to  charge  the  English  with  one  battalion,  while  he  charged  the  In- 
dians with  the  other.  The  charge  upon  the  British  was  completely 
successful,  and  the  whole  regiment  threw  down  their  arms  and 
sm-rendered.  The  charge  upon  the  Indians,  from  the  nature  of 
the  ground,  and  the  more  vigorous  resistance,  proved  unsuccessful. 
The  horsemen  recoiled  in  disorder,  and  dismounting,  commenced 
an  irregular  skirmish  with  the  Indians.  Colonel  Johnson,  who 
had  gallantly  led  a  forlorn  hope  of  twenty  men,  was  desperately 
w^ounded,  and  borne  off"  before  the  close  of  the  action.  A  vigorous 
fire  was  kept  up  by  the  Indians  for  a  considerable  time  after  the 
English  had  surrendered,  but  the  fall  of  the  brave  Tecumseh,  and 
the  overwhelming  force  opposed  to  them,  soon  compelled  them  to 
a  flight.     Proctor  fled  early  in  the  engagement,  and  was  pursued 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  309 

for  several  miles  by  several  American  officers — John  Chambers 
and  Charles  S.  Todd,  aids  to  General  Harrison,  together  with 
majors  Wood  and  Payne.  All  was  vain,  however.  The  victory 
was  decisive,  and  closed  the  hostilities,  so  long  protracted,  in  the 
north-west.  They  continued  with  increasing  fury  upon  the  eas- 
tern and  southern  borders  of  the  Union,  but  as  Kentucky  had  no 
direct  share  in  the  campaign  of  1814-15,  save  in  the  crowning 
victory  at  New  Orleans,  it  is  inconsistent  with  the  plan  of  this 
sketch  to  notice  any  but  the  last  event. 


CHAPTER    V. 

The  battle  of  New  Orleans  was  the  most  brilliant  event  of  the 
last  war.  It  created  a  deep  sensation  at  the  time,  and  the  vast 
political  consequences  which  have  resulted  from  it,  have  en- 
graved it  deeply  and  indelibly  upon  the  minds  of  the  American 
people.  The  overthrow  of  Napoleon  in  1814,  had  rendered  dis- 
posable a  large  part  of  that  Veteran  British  force,  which  had 
marched  under  Wellington,  through  six  campaigns  of  uninter- 
rupted victory,  in  Spain.  New  Orleans  at  that  time,  contained 
about  17,000  inhabitants,  and  was  then  as  now,  the  great  empo- 
rium of  the  Mississippi  valley,  and  its  possession  by  a  hostile 
force  would  inflict  incalculable  evil,  upon  the  whole  country  west 
of  the  Alleghenies. 

At  the  close  of  1814,  a  force  of  from  eight  to  twelve  thousand 
veteran  and  incomparable  British  troops,  was  placed  under  the 
command  of  Sir  Edward  Packenham,  the  brother-in-law  of  Wel- 
lington, and  an  officer  who  in  a  subordinate  station,  had  brilliantly 
distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of  Salamanca.  His  orders 
were  to  seize  and  hold  New  Orleans,  and  in  pursuance  of  that 
object  he  efl^ected  a  landing  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  on  the 
22d  of  December,  after  destroying  a  flotilla  of  six  gun  boats,  which 
attempted  to  prevent  the  disembarkation  of  this  mighty  armament. 
Such  was  the  principal  maritime  force,  which  the  American  gov- 
ernment had  prepared  to  resist  this  invasion.  The  land  forces 
were  upon  a  similar  beggarly  scale.  General  Andrew  Jackson, 
of  Tennessee,  since  so  celebrated  throughout  the  civilized  world, 
was  the  American  commander-in-chief,  and  when  the  vanguard 
of  the  British  force  encamped  a  few  miles  below  the  city,  he  had 
only  two  regiments  of  regular  troops,  amounting  to  less  than 
seven  hundred  men,  and  about  3000  citizens,  without  discipline, 
and  poorly  provided  with  arms,  to  meet  the  bronzed  veterans  of 
the  Peninsula.  A  division  of  Kentucky  militia  was  descending 
the  Mississippi,  under  General  Thomas,  to  aid  in  the  defence,  but 
had  not  yet  arrived,  and  when  it  did  come,  was  almost  entirely 


310  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

without  arms  or  ammunition,  nor  were  there  any  adequate  maga- 
zines in  the  city,  from  which  they  could  be  supplied.  Several 
boat  loads  of  arms  and  munitions  of  war  had  been  shipped  at 
Pittsburgh,  and  were  then  struggling  through  the  shoals  of  the 
Ohio ;  but  when  they  might  be  expected  to  arrive,  if  ever,  was 
matter  of  conjecture.     Such  was  the  preparation  for  defence. 

In  the  meantime  their  formidable  enemy  was  upon  them 
within  two  hours'  march  of  the  city,  which  was  entirely  unforti- 
fied, and  filled  with  consternation.  On  the  very  night  of  their 
landing,  Jackson  promptly  marched  to  meet  them.  The  British 
force  present  under  arms  was  about  4500  men.  The  force  with 
which  Jackson  made  the  attack  was  about  2500,  having  left  one 
brigade  of  Tennessee  militia  under  General  Carroll,  and  a  corps 
of  Louisiana  militia  under  Governor  Claiborne  in  the  rear,  to 
guard  against  any  attempt  which  might  be  made  by  the  residue 
of  the  British  force.  The  American  schooner  Caroline,  com- 
manded by  Lieutenant  Henly,  of  the  navy,  was  ordered  to  drop 
down  the  river  until  abreast  of  the  British  camp,  and  co-operate 
with  the  land  forces  in  the  attack.  The  British  troops  were  en- 
camped upon  the  very  verge  of  the  river,  which  was  high  at  the 
time,  and  only  prevented  by  the  levee  from  overflowing  the  en- 
campment. The  Caroline  floated  slowly  down  the  river,  and  at- 
tracted no  notice  from  the  enemy,  who  had  no  suspicion  of  her 
character.  When  abreast  of  the  encampment,  which  was  lit  up  by 
numerous  fires,  the  Caroline  dropped  her  anchor  and  brought  her 
broadside  to  bear.  The  enemy  in  crowded  masses,  were  before 
her,  their  blood-red  uniforms,  and  gilded  accoutrements,  glaring 
in  the  light  of  an  hundred  fires.  Her  guns  loaded  with  grape 
and  musket  balls,  were  discharged  vdthin  half  range,  upon  this 
dense  mass,  with  fatal  accuracy.  The  enemy  was  completely 
surprised  by  this  attack,  and  great  confusion  ensued.  The  Caro- 
line poured  in  repeated  broadsides,  in  rapid  succession,  which 
was  answered  by  voUies  of  musketry,  quickly  followed  by  show- 
ers of  Congreve  rockets,  one  of  which  exploded  directly  over  her 
deck.  A  portion  of  the  British  force  sought  shelter  behind  the 
levee,  while  the  residue  were  withdrawn  from  the  bank,  and  the 
fires  completely  extinguished.  A  dense  fog  now  settled  over  the 
river  and  encampment,  which  added  to  the  darkness  of  the  night. 

For  some  time  the  silence  was  broken  only  by  the  regular  broad- 
sides of  the  schooner,  and  the  equally  regular  discharges  of  the 
mortar  battery.  But  other  sights  and  sounds  quickly  followed. 
A  tremendous  roar  of  musketry,  was  soon  heard,  about  one  half 
mile  back  from  the  river,  and  the  horizon  in  that  direction  was 
lit  up  for  a  mile  in  extent  by  a  stream  of  fire.  Scarcely  had  this 
occurred,  when  another  burst  of  musketry,  intermingled  with  the 
sharper  reports  of  rifles,  in  irregular  but  heavy  voUies,  upon  the 
very  verge  of  the  river,  and  above  the  late  encampment,  an- 
nounced to  the  British  commander  that  Jackson  was  upon  him 
in  two  divisions,  and  that  in  the  murky  mist,  where  the  fight  waa 
waged,  discipline    must  yield   to  native    daring.      The   British 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  311 

troops,  accustomed  to  the  regular  battles,  and  splendid  evolutions 
of  the  Peninsula,  were  entirely  out  of  their  clement  in  this  wild- 
cat fight,  in  the  mud  and  darkness,  of  the  Mississippi.  They 
were  ignorant  of  the  number  of  their  enemies,  and  totally  igno- 
rant of  the  ground.  Great  confusion  on  both  sides  ensued.  The 
American  troops  occasionally  fired  upon  each  other,  and  the 
British  did  the  same.  An  English  officer  who  was  present  des- 
cribes it  as  a  desperate  and  bloody  struggle  in  the  dark,  where 
wounds  were  given  by  swords,  knives,  bayonets,  butts  of  guns, 
musket  and  rifle  balls  in  profusion,  amidst  shouts,  cries,  and 
curses,  which  might  have  awakened  the  dead. 

After  a  vehement  struggle  of  two  hours,  the  parties  separated 
as  if  by  mutual  consent,  and  sullenly  retired  to  their  respective 
camps.  The  British  remained  under  arms  until  daylight, 
not  knowing  when  or  from  what  quarter  the  attack  might  be 
renewed,  and  during  the  long  winter  night,  the  silence  was 
broken  only  by  the  cries  of  the  miserable  wounded,  who  were 
left  in  their  blood,  as  they  had  fallen,  over  the  whole  theatre  of  the 
battle.  The  American  loss,  in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners,  was 
two  hundred  and  thirteen.  The  English  loss  was  nearly  five 
hundred.  The  force  present  on  the  field,  under  Jackson,  in  this 
battle,  was  composed  of  Cofiee's  brigade  of  Tennesseeans,  the 
seventh  and  forty-fourth  regiments  of  regulars,  a  company  of 
riflemen,  a  company  of  marines,  two  battalions  of  city  volunteers, 
and  a  regiment  of  Mississippi  volunteer  dragoons,  who  were  not 
actually  engaged.  Upon  retiring  from  the  British  camp,  Jackson 
instantly  ordered  up  Carroll's  brigade  of  Tennesseeans,  directing 
Governor  Claiborne  alone  to  hold  the  position  in  the  rear,  intend- 
ing with  this  reinforcement  to  renew  the  attack.  Carroll  promptly 
obeyed  the  order,  and  in  one  hour  after  midnight  was  upon  the 
ground  ready  for  action. 

Jackson  in  the  meantime  had  ascertained  the  force  of  the 
enemy  from  the  prisoners  taken  in  the  battle,  and  further  learned 
that  they  would  be  reinforced  in  the  morning  by  two  additional 
regiments.  He  declined  renewing  the  attack,  therefore;  and 
withdrawing  his  force  from  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  enemy, 
he  formed  them  behind  a  shallow  ditch,  which  crossed  the  bottom 
at  right  angles  to  the  river,  connecting  the  river  with  a  swamp. 
The  bottom  was  rather  more  than  one  thousand  j^ards  broad. 
The  earth  had  been  thrown  out  of  the  ditch  upon  the  upper  side 
and  formed  a  natural,  but  low  breast  work.  This  was  greatly 
strengthened  by  an  additional  quantity  of  earth  thrown  upon  it, 
from  the  upper  side,  leaving  a  shallow  trench  on  the  upper  side 
of  the  breastwork,  in  which  the  men  stood,  and  which  in  rainy 
weather,  was  more  than  ankle  deep  in  mud  and  water.  The  ditch 
was  extended  some  distance  into  the  swamp,  which  was  nearly 
impassable  beyond  it.  Coft'ee's  brigade  had  charge  of  the  flank 
resting  upon  the  swamp.  Carroll's  brigade  and  the  regulars 
were  posted  in  the  centre,  and  the  Louisiana  militia  had  charge 
of  the  river  quarter.     The  troops  were  incessantly  employed  in 


312  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

strengthening  the  lines,  and  the  arrival  of  the  Kentucky  militia 
was  anxiously  expected. 

On  the  morning  after  the  night  skirmish,  Sir  Edward  Packen- 
ham,  with  two  more  regiments  of  the  British  force  art-ived,  and 
no  good  reason  can  be  given  for  his  tardiness  and  delay  in 
availing  himself  of  his  overpowering  superiority.  He  certainly 
had  from  five  to  seven  thousand  men  present  under  arms,  and  it 
is  equally  certain  that  General  Jackson  had  not  much  more  than 
half  that  number,  fit  for  duty.  When  Jackson  retired  behind  the 
ditch,  then  offering  no  serious  defence,  there  was  nothing  to  pre- 
vent Packenham's  advancing  upon  him.  Kentucky  had  not  then 
appeared^  and  the  British  were  in  full  force,  save  two  regiments 
which  had  not  yet  come  up.  Napoleon  would  have  seized  the 
golden  opportunity,  and  would  have  pressed  the  retiring  militia 
so  closely  as  to  have  given  no  leisure  for  that  formidable  breast- 
work, against  which  courage  and  discipline  toiled  in  vain. 

No  movement  of  consequence  was  made  by  the  British  from 
the  24th  to  the  28th  of  December,  which  precious  interval  was 
improved  by  Jackson  in  incessant  labor  upon  his  works,  and  in 
the  most  active  exertions  to  procure  arms  from  the  city  and 
neighborhood,  and  have  them  prepared  by  workmen,  who  were 
employed  day  and  night,  in  fitting  them  for  service.  The  right 
bank  of  the  river  also  engaged  Jackson's  attention,  which  was 
completely  open  to  the  British,  and  as  they  had  destroyed  the 
schooner  Caroline  with  hot  shot,  they  had  complete  command  of 
the  river  below.  Jackson  threw  up  some  hasty  works  on  the 
right  bank,  and  manned  them  with  a  few  hundred  militia,  badly 
armed;  but  there  was  nothing  on  the  right  bank  capable  of  even 
delaying  Packenham's  march,  so  late  as  the  8th  of  January. 

On  the  28th,  after  the  loss  of  four  days,Packenham  moved  for 
ward,  with  a  heavy  mass  against  the  front  of  the  American  lines, 
while  a  smaller  column  under  Lieutenant  Colonel  Rennie,  a  gal- 
lant Scotch  officer,  attempted  to  turn  the  left  of  the  line,  where  it 
rested  upon  the  swamp.  The  demonstration  in  front  under 
Packenham  was  repulsed  by  a  converging  fire  of  artillery  from 
the  whole  line,  for  Jackson  had  availed  himself  of  the  ample 
time  given  him  by  the  enemy,  to  mount  some  heavy  guns  taken 
from  ships,  along  his  line,  and  they  were  worked  by  the  officers 
and  seamen  of  the  Caroline,  with  a  skill  and  accuracy  that  told 
fearfully  upon  the  advancing  column.  The  demonstration  of 
Rennie  upon  the  left  flank,  if  made  with  a  large  force  and  pro- 
perly supported,  would  probably  have  been  successful.  He  found 
the  swamp  passable,  although  with  difficulty,  and  succeeded  in 
turning  the  left  of  the  line.  He  was  there  met  by  a  portion  of 
Coffee's  brigade,  with  whom  he  skirmished,  until  he  was  recalled 
by  Packenham. 

This  demonstration  called  Jackson's  attention  more  particu- 
larly to  his  left.  The  breastwork  was  extended  farther  into  the 
swamp,  and  platforms  were  constructed  in  the  water,  upon  which 
the  men  could  stand,  and  by  which  they  could  readily  pass  to  the 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  313 

extremity  of  the  line.  Baffled  in  this  tardy  and  feeble  effort  to 
advance,  Packenham  then  commenced  regular  approaches,  as 
if  he  were  attacking  a  Spanish  town  strongly  fortified,  and  after 
several  days'  labor,  opened  a  battery  of  heavy  artillery  against 
the  earthen  breastwork.  His  guns  were  ineffectual,  however,  and 
were  quickly  dismounted  by  the  American  artillery.  It  seems 
then  suddenly  to  have  occurred  to  Packenham,  that  the  opposite 
bank  of  the  river  afforded  a  passage  to  the  city,  and  was  but 
slightly  defended,  and  he  instantly  determined  to  employ  his 
whole  force,  in  deepening  the  canal  that  led  from  the  British 
fleet  to  the  Mississippi,  in  order  to  bring  up  the  boats  from  the 
fleet,  and  thus  command  both  banks  of  the  river.  This  proved 
a  herculean  undertaking,  and  was  not  completed  until  the  eve- 
ning of  the  6th  of  January. 

In  the  meantime  a  division  of  Kentucky  militia,  commanded  by 
General  Thomas,  more  than  2000  strong,  arrived  in  camp,  and 
two  additional  regiments  of  Louisiana  milifia  arrived.  The  Ken- 
tucky troops  could  at  first,  only  muster  five  hundi-ed  muskets, 
and  the  Louisiana  reinforcements  were  miserably  armed.  But 
the  men  were  hardy  and  brave,  and  immense  exertions  were 
made  to  arm  them,  which  were  partially  successful.  Even  on 
the  day  of  battle,  however,  there  were  six  hundred  men  under 
Jackson  ready  and  anxious  to  fight,  who  could  not  procure  a 
musket,  to  defend  their  country.  IVever  was  there  a  more  strik- 
ing contrast  between  the  activity,  energy,  and  inexhaustible  re- 
sources of  a  general,  and  the  imbecility  of  a  government. 

Having  now  allowed  his  enemy  time  to  receive  all  his  rein- 
forcements, to  entrench  himself  behind  formidable  works,  to 
manufacture  and  repair  arms  for  his  naked  troops, — having  first 
directed  his  enemy's  attention  to  the  vulnerable  point  in  his  line 
of  defence,  by  a  weak  demonstration,  and  then  given  him  ten 
days  to  strengthen  it,  Packenham  at  last  determined  to  attack. 
Having  now  fifty  boats  at  command,  one  would  suppose  that  he 
would  prefer  advancing  by  the  right  bank,  which  was  unfortified, 
rather  than  by  the  left,  which  bristled  with  entrenchments.  Both 
would  lead  to  within  reach  of  the  city,  and  by  the  former  rout, 
he  would  turn  those  terrible  lines,  before  which  he  had  halted 
seventeen  days,  and  render  all  Jackson's  labor  useless.  With 
his  ample  corps  of  sappers  and  miners,  he  might  have  bridged 
the  Mississippi,  in  the  time  employed  in  deepening  the  canal. 
Even  after  the  boats  arrived,  twenty-four  hours  would  have  trans 
ported  his  whole  force  to  the  opposite  shore.  He  determined, 
however,  to  make  a  demonstration  with  only  1400  on  the  right 
bank,  and  with  the  residue  of  his  force,  to  assail  the  terrible  lines 
in  front.  Orders  were  given  to  that  efiect,  on  the  evening  of  the 
7th.  Colonel  Thornton  was  to  cross  the  river  with  1400  men  at 
midnight,  and  assail  General  jMorgan,  who  commanded  on  the 
right  bank,  at  day  light.  At  the  same  time  the  main  body,  in 
three  columns,  on  the  left  bank,  was  to  assail  Jackson's  line.  Pack- 
enham would    lead  the  centre  column  in  person.     Lieutenant 


314  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

Colonel  Rennie  the  left  column,  which  was  to  assault  the  line 
upon  the  river ;  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Jones,  the  right  column, 
which  was  destined  to  turn  the  left  of  the  line  through  the 
swamp,  and  attack  the  rear  of  the  centre. 

The  preparation  in  the  American  lines,  was  of  the  most  for- 
midable kind.  The  right  of  the  line  resting  on  the  river,  was 
strengthened  by  an  advanced  redoubt,  and  that  whole  quarter 
was  defended  by  the  Louisiana  militia  and  the  regulars.  Car- 
roll's Tennessee  brigade  and  about  1100  Kentucky  militia,  formed 
the  centre ;  and  Cotl'ee's  brigade  of  Tennesseeans  guarded  the  left 
flank,  extending  far  into  the  swamp.  General  Thomas  being 
sick,  General  Adair  commanded  the  Kentuckians,  who  formed  a 
corps  de  rcsci-vc,  and  were  directed  to  march  to  the  assailed  point, 
and  strengthen  the  line  there.  It  was  well  understood  that  an 
attack  would  be  made  on  the  morning  of  the  8th,  and  the  Ken- 
tucky troops  were  marched  to  the  lines  before  day,  and  halted 
about  fifty  yards  in  rear  of  the  centre,  until  the  grand  point  of 
attack  should  be  disclosed.  It  was  intended  that  the  line  should 
have  a  depth  of  ten  files  at  the  point  of  attack,  so  that  the 
stream  of  fire  should  be  incessant.  The  front  rank  alone  would 
fire,  as  fast  as  the  nine  ranks  behind  could  pass  forward  their 
loaded  muskets,  receiving  those  discharged,  in  their  places. 
When  the  point  of  attack  had  been  clearly  disclosed,  the  Ken- 
tucky troops  were  ordered  to  close  up,  with  Carroll's  brigade  of 
Tennesseeans,  upon  whom  it  was  evident,  the  storm  was  about  to 
burst. 

Two  rockets  thrown  into  the  air  were  the  signals  to  move  for- 
ward, and  the  three  columns,  the  veterans  of  six  glorious  cam- 
paigns, covered  with  renown  as  with  a  garment,  and  hitherto 
victorious  in  every  field,  rushed  against  an  earthern  breastwork, 
defended  by  men  who  had  hurried  from  the  plough  and  the  work- 
shop, to  meet  the  invaders  of  their  country.  The  fog  lay  thick 
and  heavy  upon  the  ground,  but  the  measured  step  of  the  centre 
column  was  heard  long  before  it  became  visible,  and  the  artil- 
lery opened  upon  them,  directed  by  the  sound  of  the  mighty  host, 
which  bore  forward  as  one  man  to  the  assault.  At  the  first  burst 
of  artillery,  the  fog  slowly  lifted,  and  disclosed  the  centre  column 
advancing  in  deep  silence,  but  with  a  swift  and  steady  pace. 

The  field  was  as  level  as  the  surface  of  the  calmest  lake,  and 
the  artillery  ploughed  through  the  column,  from  front  to  rear, 
without  for  a  moment  slackening  its  pace  or  disordering  the 
beautiful  precision  of  its  formation.  Its  head  was  pointed 
against  the  centre  of  the  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  line,  where 
ten  ranks  of  musketry  stood  ready  to  fire  as  soon  as  it  came 
within  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards ;  the  musketry  opened  along  a 
front  of  four  hundred  yards,  and  converged  upon  the  head  of  the 
column,  with  destructive  eff'ect.  There  was  not  a  moment's 
pause  in  the  fire.  The  artillery  along  the  whole  line  discharged 
showers  of  grape,  the  roll  of  musketry  was  in  one  deep  unin- 
terrupted thunder,  lilce  the  roar  of  an  hundi-ed  water  falls,  and 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  315 

the  central  breastwork  for  four  hundred  yards,  was  in  a  bright 
and  long  continued  blaze,  which  dazzled  the  eye.  Yet  slill  the 
heroic  column  bore  forward,  into  the  very  jaws  of  death,  but  no 
longer  maintained  the  beautiful  accuracy  of  its  formation.  The 
head  of  the  column  actually  reached  the  ditch,  and  were  there 
killed  or  taken.  The  residue  paused  and  seemed  bewildered 
for  a  moment,  and  then  retired  in  disorder  under  the  same  exter- 
minating torrent  of  fire,  which  had  greeted  their  advance.  Their 
commander  Packenham  had  perished;  Generals  Gibbs  and  Keane, 
the  next  in  command,  had  also  fallen.  A  host  of  inferior  officers 
had  shared  the  same  fate,  and  their  oi'ganization  for  the  time 
was  destroyed. 

General  Lambert  now  succeeded  to  the  command,  and  rallied 
the  column  for  a  second  effort.  The  officers  who  had  survived 
the  terrible  burst  of  fire  from  the  lines,  were  seen  busily  reform- 
ing the  ranks  and  encouraging  the  men.  In  a  few  minutes  all 
traces  of  disorder  disappeared,  and  again  the  column  moved  for- 
ward, with  as  rapid  a  step,  and  proud  a  front  as  at  first.  Again 
the  artillery  tore  its  ranks  with  grapt  shot,  until  it  came  within 
range  of  small  arms,  when  the  same  uninterrupted  thunder  of 
musketry  ensued.  The  column  did  not  again  persevere  in  ad- 
vance with  the  heroic  fortitude  which  marked  the  first  effort. 
They  broke  and  fled  in  confusion,  before  arriving  within  one 
hundred  yards  of  the  lines,  and  no  efforts  of  their  officers  could 
induce  them  again  to  advance. 

The  river  column,  under  Lieutenant-colonel  Rennie,  advanced 
against  the  redoubt  with  a  resolution  which  nothing  but  death 
could  control.  The  same  fatal  fire  of  artillery  and  musketry  en- 
veloped its  ranks.  But  through  all  it  persevered  in  advance,  and 
mounted  the  walls  of  the  redoubt  ^vith  loud  cheers,  compelling 
its  defenders  to  retire  to  the  breastwork.  The  redoubt  was  com- 
manded Dy  the  breastwork,  and  the  British  troops  were  exposed 
to  a  destructive  fire,  which  proved  fatal  to  their  gallant  com- 
mander and  most  of  the  inferior  officers.  They  maintained  their 
ground,  at  an  enormous  loss,  until  the  central  column  was  dis- 
comfited, when  they  gave  way  and  retired  in  confusion. 

The  column  under  Colonel  Jones  had  no  better  success.  They 
found  the  left  flank  greatly  strengthened  since  the  28th,  and  ex- 
tending so  far  into  the  swamp,  that  it  could  not  be  turned.  They 
were  greeted  with  the.  same  deadly  fire  from  Cofl'ee's  brigade, 
which  had  proved  fatal  to  the  other  columns,  and  were  with- 
drawn to  the  shelter  of  the  wood,  about  the  time  that  Packen- 
ham's  division  was  repulsed.  The  battle  was  over  upon  the  left 
bank,  and  deep  silence  succeeded  the  intolerable  roar,  which  had 
just  tortured  the  senses.  Enormous  masses  of  smoke,  hovered 
a  few  feet  above  the  breastwork,  and  slowly  drifted  over  the 
bloodstained  field.  Horrid  piles  of  carcasses  marked  the  rout  of 
the  centre  column,  which  thickened  as  it  approached  the  lines. 
The    hostile  ranks   were  cowering  behind  a  ditch,  within   half 


316  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

range  of  the  artillery,  unwilling  to  advance  or  retreat.  Upon 
the  right  bank  the  battle  was  still  going  on. 

Previously  to  the  morning  of  the  8th,  General  Morgan  had  been 
detached  to  the  opposite  bank  with  about  1000  militia.  Some 
slight  defences  were  hastily  thrown  up,  and  a  shallow  ditch 
formed  part  of  the  line,  easily  passable  at  every  point.  Before 
day  of  the  8th,  one  hundred  and  eighty  Kentucky  militia,  and  a 
regiment  of  Louisiana  militia,  were  thrown  over  to  reinforce 
Morgan,  raising  his  force  to  about  1700  men.  The  position,  al- 
though weak  in  other  respects,  was  well  garnished  with  artillery, 
and  if  occupied  by  well  trained  troops,  could  easily  have  resisted 
Thornton's  attack.  As  it  was,  however,  the  militia  gave  way, 
and  the  British  veterans  drove  Morgan's  whole  force  before  them. 
Although  scarcely  a  tenth  of  Morgan's  force  was  composed  of 
Kentuckians,  and  although  the  Kentuckians  formed  the  strength 
of  that  central  force  which  repulsed  Packenham,  yet  the  flight  of 
one  hundred  and  eighty  Kentuckians  upon  the  right  bank,  is  con- 
spicuously set  forth  in  General  Jackson's  official  report,  while 
the  steady  bravery  of  1100  men  under  Adair,  upon  the  left  bank 
is  left  to  be  gathered  from  other  sources. 

The  further  proceedings  before  New  Orleans,  belong  to  the 
biographer  of  Jackson,  or  the  historian  of  the  war.  But  it  would 
be  improper  to  dismiss  this  subject,  without  some  observations 
upon  the  force  of  the  respective  armies.  Some  American  writers 
rate  the  British  force  at  14,000,  and  state  Jackson's  force  at  4000. 
Some  British  writers  estimate  Jackson's  force  at  25,000,  and 
sink  their  own  to  one-fifth  of  that  number.  General  Jackson 
states  his  force  at  4698  rank  and  file,  present  upon  the  field. 
Major  Pringle,  of  the  British  army,  states  that  the  field  return,  on 
the  day  preceding  the  battle,  shows  that  the  three  columns 
which  attacked  Jackson's  lines  on  the  left  bank,  numbered  pre- 
cisely 5493  rank  and  file.  This  he  admits  is  exclusive  of  Thorn- 
ton's force,  1400  rank  and  file,  and  also  exclusive  of  the  cavalry, 
two  squadrons,  the  artillery,  the  sappers  and  miners,  the  engi- 
neers, etc.  Permitting  each  party  to  state  his  own  force,  and 
taking  their  accounts  as  true,  it  will  appear  that  Jackson  had 
4698  rank  and  file,  a  portion  without  arms,  and  of  course  not  en- 
gaged, while  the  British  had  6893  rank  and  file,  actually  em- 
ployed, and  the  cavalry,  the  artillery,  the  sappers  and  miners,  about 
1000  rank  and  file  in  all,  stood  idle.  Tli,e  British  certainly  had 
nine  regiments  of  grenadiers,  one  of  cavalry,  a  large  body  of  ma- 
rines, a  corps  of  artillery,  a  corps  of  sappers,  engineers,  etc. 
Two  of  the  regiments,  the  fifth  and  ninety-third,  are  known  to 
have  exceeded  a  thousand  men;  two  more,  the  eighty-fifth  and 
ninety-fifth,  were  less  than  three  hundred  strong;  while  three 
more,  the  seventh,  twenty-first  and  forty-third,  averaged  eight 
hundred  apiece.  It  is  probable  that  each  party  may  somewhat 
understate  his  force,  but  these  statements  are  the  best  data  for 
forming  an  opinion.     The  British  loss,  by  their  own  account,  was 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  317 

2070,  but  by  the  American  inspector  general,  was  reported  as 
2600. 

Peace  had  actually  been  agreed  upon  at  Ghent,  several  weeks 
before  the  battle,  and  was  soon  afterwards  ratified.  The  war 
opened  with  disgrace,  and  terminated  with  glory.  It  is  impossi- 
ble to  regard  the  military  operations  of  Jackson  before  Ne\v  Or- 
leans, without  being  struck  with  the  extraordinary  firmness, 
vigor, prudence  and  activity,  displayed  upon  the  one  side;  and  the 
singular  tardiness,  and  absence  of  the  higher  military  qualities, 
conspicuous  in  all  Packenham's  movements.  Every  moment  of 
time  was  precious  to  Jackson,  and  was  improved  by  him,  with 
that  activity,  and  energy,  which  is  the  precursor  of  success.  On  the 
morning  of  the  24th  December,  Packenham  was  within  two  hom-s' 
march  of  the  city,  and  three-fourths  of  his  whole  force  was 
present  under  arms.  Jackson  was  before  him,  with  a  greatly  infe- 
rior force,  and  on  that  day  retired  behind  the  shallow  ditch,  which 
he  afterwards  made  impregnable  by  sixteen  days'  labor.  Why 
did  not  Packenham  follow  him  closely?  He  icailed  four  days, 
until  joined  by  the  residue  of  his  force,  and  then  advanced.  During 
these  four  days,  the  shallow  ditch  had  been  deepened,  the  earthen 
pile  had  been  trebled  in  height  and  thickness,  and  heavy  cannon 
had  been  procured  from  the  shipping  and  mounted  upon  the 
works.  Yet  still  the  breastwork  could  have  been  turned  on  its 
right,  as  Rennie's  demonstration  showed.  Ten  more  days,  how- 
ever, were  given  to  make  every  thing  impregnable,  and  to  re- 
ceive large  reinforcements  from  Kentucky  and  Louisiana.  The 
British  bravery  and  discipline  certainly  shone  out  with  a  bril- 
liant splendor,  which  was  never  surpassed  on  their  proudest 
fields.     But  we  look  in  vain  for  the  mind  of  a  commander. 


CHAPTER   VI. 


After  the  close  of  the  war,  the  civil  history  of  Kentucky  is 
memorable  by  the  dreadful  monetary  derangement,  which  led  to 
the  passage  of  the  relief  laws,  and  gave  rise  to  the  most  embit- 
tered and  violent  conflict  of  parties,  which  has  ever  occurred  in 
Kentucky. 

In  1816,  George  Madison  was  elected  governor,  and  Gabriel 
Slaughter  lieutenant  governor.  Madison  died  a  few  months  after 
his  election,  and  the  question  agitated  Kentucky,  whether  the 
lieutenant  governor  became  governor  during  the  four  years,  or 
whether  a  new  election  could  be  ordered  by  the  legislature.  The 
question   was    settled    after  an  animated  conflict,   against  the 


318  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

power  of  the  legislature  to  order  a  new  election,  and  Slaughter 
became  governor  until  1820. 

In  the  meantime  the  financial  affairs  of  the  civilized  world 
were  in  a  painful  state  of  disorder.  The  long  wars  of  the 
French  revolution  had  banished  gold  and  silver  from  circulation 
as  money,  and  had  substituted  an  inflated  paper  currency,  by 
which  nominal  prices  were  immensely  enhanced.  At  the  return  of 
peace,  a  restoration  of  specie  payments,  and  the  return  of  Europe 
to  industrial  pursuits,  caused  a  great  fall  in  the  nominal  value  of 
commodities,  accompanied  by  bankruptcy  upon  an  enormous 
scale.  In  Kentucky  the  violence  of  this  crisis  was  enhanced  by 
the  charter  of  forty  independent  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capi- 
tal of  nearly  ten  million  of  dollars,  which  were  by  law  permitted 
to  redeem  their  notes  with  the  paper  of  the  bank  of  Kentucky, 
instead  of  specie. 

These  banks  were  chartered  at  the  session  of  1817-18.  The 
bank  of  Kentucky  had  then  resumed  specie  payments,  and  was 
in  good  credit.  In  the  summer  of  1818,  the  state  was  flooded 
with  the  paper  of  these  banks.  Their  managers  were  generally 
without  experience  or  knowledge  of  finance,  and  in  some  in- 
stances, destitute  of  common  honesty.  The  consequences  were 
such  as  might  have  been  anticipated.  Speculation  sprung  up  in 
all  directions.  Large  loans  were  rashly  made  and  as  rashly  ex- 
pended. Most  of  these  bubbles  exploded  within  a  year,  and  few 
were  alive  at  the  end  of  two  years.  In  the  meantime  the  pres- 
sure of  debt  became  terrible,  and  the  power  to  replevy  judg- 
ments was  extended  by  the  legislature  from  three  to  twelve 
months  by  an  act  passed  at  the  session  of  1819-20.  During  the 
summer  of  1820,  the  cry  for  further  relief  became  overwhelming, 
and  vast  majorities  of  both  houses,  were  pledged  to  some  measure 
which  should  relieve  the  debtor  from  the  consequences  of  his 
rashness.  The  reign  of  political  quackery  was  in  its  glory.  The 
sufferings  of  the  patient  were  too  acute,  to  permit  him  to  listen  to 
the  regular  physician  who  prescribed  time,  industry  and  economy,  as 
the  only  honest  and  just  remedy.  He  turned  eagerly  to  the 
quacks,  who  promised  him  instantaneous  rehef,  by  infallible 
nostrums  and  specifics,  u)i7/wM<  pain — idtliout  self-denial,  and  loithoat 
paying  the  penalty  which  nature  always  imposes,  upon  any  gross  viola 
tion  of  her  laws. 

General  Adair  had  been  elected  governor  of  Kentucky  in  1820, 
and  heartily  concurred  with  the  legislature  in  the  acts  passed  at 
the  ensuing  session.  The  great  cry  of  the  people  was  for  money, 
and  their  heaviest  complaint  was  debt.  Therefore,  the  legisla- 
ture of  1820-21,  chartered  the  bank  called  the  Bank  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, which  was  relieved  from  all  danger  of  suspension, 
by  not  being  required  even  to  redeem  its  notes  in  specie.  Its 
paper  was  made  payable  and  receivable  in  the  public  debts  and 
taxes,  and  certain  lands  owned  by  the  state,  south  of  Tennessee 
river,  were  pledged  for  the  final  redemption  of  its  notes.  Its 
business  was  to  pour  out  paper  in  profusion,  in  order  to  make 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  319 

money  •plenty.  But  how  was  debt  to  be  relieved  ?  Easily.  The 
creditor  was  required  to  receive  this  bank  paper  in  payment  of 
his  debt,  and  if  he  refused  to  do  so,  the  debtor  was  authorized  to 
replevy  the  debt  for  the  space  of  two  years. 

But  these  were  not  the  only  acts  of  this  mad  session.  They 
had  already  one  bank,  the  old  Bank  of  Kentucky,  then  in  good 
credit,  its  paper  redeemable  in  specie,  and  its  stock  at  par  or 
nearly  so.  By  the  terms  of  its  charter,  the  legislature  had  the 
power  of  electing  a  number  of  directors,  which  gave  the  control 
of  the  board.  This  power  was  eagerly  exercised  during  this 
winter.  An  experienced  conservative  president  and  board  were 
turned  out  by  the  legislature,  and  a  president  and  board  elected 
who  stood  pledged  before  their  election,  to  receive  the  paper  of 
the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth,  in  payment  of  the  debts  due  the 
Bank  of  Kentucky.  This  was  no  doubt  intended  to  buoy  up 
their  darling  bank,  and  sustain  the  credit  of  its  paper.  But  the 
effect  was  instantly  to  strike  down  the  value  of  the  stock  of  the 
Bank  of  Kentucky  to  one  half  its  nominal  value,  and  to  entail 
upon  it  an  eternal  suspension  of  specie  payments. 

The  paper  of  the  new  bank  sunk  rapidly  to  one  half  its  nomi- 
nal value,  and  the  creditor  had  his  choice  of  two  evils.  One 
was  to  receive  one  half  his  debt  in  payment  of  the  whole,  and 
the  other  was  to  receive  nothing  at  all  for  two  years,  and  at  the 
end  of  that  time,  to  do  the  best  he  could, — running  the  risk  of 
new  delays  at  the  end  of  that  time,  and  of  the  banlcruptcy  of  his 
securities.  Great  was  the  indignation  of  the  creditor,  at  this 
wholesale  confiscation  of  his  property,  and  society  rapidly  ar- 
ranged itself  into  two  parties,  called  relief  and  anti-relief.  With 
the  first  party,  were  the  great  mass  of  debtors,  and  some  brilliant 
members  of  the  bar,  such  as  John  Rowan,  William  T.  Barry  and 
Solomon  P.  Sharp.  A  great  majority  of  the  voting  population 
swelled  its  ranks,  and  it  was  countenanced  by  the  governor,  and 
furnished  with  plausible  arguments  by  the  eminent  lawyers  al- 
ready named,  to  whom  may  be  added  the  name  of  Bibb.  With  the 
anti-relief  party,  were  ranged  nearly  all  the  mercantile  class,  a 
vast  majority  of  the  bar  and  bench,  and  a  great  majority  of  the 
better  class  of  farmers.  The  mass  of  property  and  intelligence, 
was  drawn  up  in  array,  against  the  mass  of  numbers,  and  an 
angry  conflict  commenced  in  the  newspapers,  upon  the  stump,  in 
the  taverns  and  highways,  which  gradually  invaded  the  most  pri- 
vate and  domestic  circles.  Robert  Wickliffe,  of  Fayette,  George 
Robertson,  since  chief  justice  of  Kentucky,  then  an  eminent 
lawyer  of  Garrard,  and  Chilton  Allan,  an  eminent  lawyer  of 
Clark,  were  early  engaged  in  the  conflict,  and  were  regarded  as 
leaders  of  the  anti-relief  party. 

The  question  of  the  power  of  the  legislature  to  pass  the  act, 
was  raised  at  an  early  day,  and  was  quickly  brought  before  the 
circuit  courts.  Judge  Clark,  of  Clark  county,  boldly  decided 
the  act  unconstitutional,  in  the  first  case  which  came  before  him, 
and   brought   upon   himself   a   tempest    of  indignation,    which 


320  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

thoroughly  tested  the  firmness  of  his  character.  He  was  sum- 
moned to  appear  before  a  called  session  of  the  legislature,  which 
was  convened  in  the  spring  of  18-22,  and  violent  efforts  were  made 
to  intimidate,  or  remove  him  by  address.  The  gallant  judge  de- 
fended his  opinion  with  calm  reason,  and  invincible  firmness, 
and  partly  from  a  want  of  a  constitutional  majority,  partly  per- 
haps from  the  suggestion,  that  the  legislature  should  await  the 
decision  of  the  supreme  court  of  Kentucky  upon  the  subject,  the 
legislative  storm  blew  over,  leaving  the  judge  as  it  found  him. 
He  adhered  steadily  to  his  decision,  and  was  quickly  supported 
by  Judge  Blair  of  Fayette,  in  an  opinion  replete  with  learning, 
temper  and  eloquence.  Great  was  the  indignation  of  the  party 
at  this  refractory  spirit  displayed  by  the  inferior  judiciary. 

But  all  awaited  the  decision  of  the  supreme  court.  That  high 
tribunal  was  then  occupied  by  John  Boyle,  chief  justice,  and  Wil- 
liam Owsley  and  Benjamin  Mills,  associate  judges.  These  gen- 
tlemen had  passed  the  meridian  of  life,  and  had  been  drilled  for 
a  long  series  of  years,  to  the  patient  and  abstract  severity  of 
judicial  investigation.  In  simplicity  and  purity  of  character,  in 
profound  legal  knowledge,  and  in  Roman-like  firmness  of  piu*- 
pose,  the  old  court  of  appeals  of  Kentucky  have  seldom  been  sur- 
passed. The  question  came  directly  before  them  in  the  case  of 
Lapsley  vs.  Brashear,  at  the  fall  term  1823,  and  their  decision 
was  awaited,  with  intense  anxiety  by  all  parties.  Terrible  de- 
nunciations of  popular  vengeance  in  advance,  if  they  dared  to 
thwart  the  will  of  a  vast  majority  of  the  people,  were  intended 
to  warp  their  judgments  or  operate  upon  their  fears.  They  had 
maintained  an  unbroken  silence  until  called  upon  to  act,  but 
when  the  case  came  directly  before  them,  the  judges  delivered 
their  opinion,  seriatim,  and  at  length,  and  calmly  concurred  with 
their  brethren  of  the  circuit  court,  that  the  act  of  the  legislature 
was  in  violation  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and 
totally  void.  The  clause  of  the  constitution  with  which  the  act 
conflicted,  was  that  which  prohibited  the  states  from  passing  any 
law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts.  In  the  article  on  the 
court  of  appeals,  in  the  following  pages,  a  concise  summary  of 
the  reasoning  of  the  court  is  given. 

The  opinion  created  an  immense  sensation  in  the  State,  and 
the  conflict  of  parties  was  renewed  with  redoubled  fury.  Clark 
and  Blair  were  completely  forgotten,  and  the  great  popular  party 
of  Kentucky,  prepared  to  sweep  from  their  path,  and  make  an 
example  to  future  ages  of  the  three  calm  and  recluse  students, 
who  had  dared  to  set  up  reason  against  rage,  and  the  majesty  of 
truth  and  law,  against  the  popular  will.  The  great  majority,  had 
been  accustomed  to  make  and  to  unmake,  to  set  up  and  to  pull 
down  at  its  sovereign  will  and  pleasure.  Presidents,  governor, 
senators,  representatives,  had  long  been  the  creatures  of  its 
power,  and  the  flatterers  of  its  caprice.  James  the  first  had  not 
a  more  exalted  notion  of  his  divine  prerogative  than  the  great 
rmjority  had  of  its  undoubted  right  to  govern.     The  power  of  tho 


OUTLINE  •  HISTORY.  321 

judiciary  had  heretofore  been  so  unobtrusive,  that  its  vast  extent 
and  importance  had  escaped  attention,  and  the  masses  were 
startled  to  find  that  three  plain  citizens,  could  permanently  ar- 
rest the  action,  and  thwart  the  wishes  of  that  majority,  before 
which  presidents,  governors  and  congresses,  bowed  with  implicit 
submission.  Many  good  honest  citizens  looked  upon  it,  as  mon- 
strous, unnatural,  unheard  of  in  a  republican  government.  It 
shocked  all  the  notions  of  liberty  and  democracy  which  had 
grown  with  their  growth,  and  violently  wounded  that  sense  of 
importance  allied  to  arrogance,  which  always  attends  a  long  exer- 
cise of  unresisted  power. 

The  judiciary,  by  the  constitution,  held  their  offices  during  good 
behavior.  Nothing  less  than  two-thirds  of  both  houses  could 
remove  them.  Could  they  hope  to  obtain  this  majority  ?  The 
canvass  of  1824,  was  conducted  with  the  hope  of  obtaining  this 
result.  General  Joseph  Desha  was  the  candidate  of  the  relief 
party  for  the  office  of  governor,  and  canvassed  the  state  with 
that  energy  and  partizan  vehemence,  for  which  he  was  remark- 
able. He  was  elected  by  an  overwhelming  majority.  A  vast 
majority  of  both  houses  were  of  the  relief  party.  The  governor 
and  the  legislature  met  in  December,  with  passions  heated  by  the 
fierce  canvass  through  which  they  had  passed,  and  the  unspar- 
ing wounds  which  they  had  received  from  their  enemies.  The 
sword  was  fairly  drawn,  and  the  scabbard  had  been  thrown  away 
by  both  parties.  So  exasperated  were  the  passions,  that  the  mi- 
nority was  as  little  disposed  to  ask  quarter,  as  the  majority  was 
to  give  it.  The  three  judges  Avere  summoned  before  the  legisla- 
tive bar,  and  calmly  assigned  reasons  at  length,  for  their  deci- 
sion. These  reasons  were  replied  to,  with  great  speciousness  and 
subtlety ;  for  the  great  talents  of  Rowan,  Bibb  and  Barry,  were 
at  the  command  of  the  relief  party,  and  their  manifestos  were 
skillfully  drawn.  A  vote  was  at  length  taken,  and  the  constitu- 
tional majority  of  two-thirds  could  not  be  obtained.  The  mi- 
nority exulted  in  the  victory  of  the  judges. 

But  their  adversaries  were  too  much  inflamed  to  be  diverted 
from  their  purpose,  by  ordinary  impediments.  The  edict  of 
"  Dclcnda  est  Carthago"  had  gone  forth,  and  the  party  rapidly 
recovering  from  their  first  defeat,  renewed  the  assault  in  a  formi- 
dable direction,  which  had  not  been  foreseen,  and  when  success 
was  clearly  within  their  reach.  The  majority  could  not  remove 
the  judges  by  impeachment  or  address,  because  their  majority 
although  large,  was  not  two-thirds  of  each  house.  But  they 
could  repeal  the  act  by  which  the  court  of  appeals  had  been  or- 
ganized, and  could  pass  an  act  organizing  the  court  anew.  The 
judges  would  follow  the  court  as  in  the  case  of  the  district  court 
and  court  of  quarter  sessions,  and  a  bare  majority  would  suffice 
to  pass  this  act.  A  bill  to  this  effect  was  drawn  up,  and  debated 
with  intense  excitement,  during  three  days,  and  three  protracted 
night  sessions.  Wickliffe,  denounced  the  party,  with  fierce  and 
passionate  invective,  as  trampling  upon  the  constitution,  deli- 
I...21 


322  OUTLINE   HISrORY. 

beratelj',  knowingly  and  wickedly.  Rowan  replied  with  cold  ant? 
stately  subtlety,  perplexing  when  he  could  not  convince,  and  sedu- 
lously confounding  the  present  act,  with  the  repeal  ol"  the  dis- 
trict court  and  with  the  action  of  Congress,  in  repealing  the 
federal  circuit  court  system,  and  displacing  its  judges  by  a  bare 
majority.  On  the  last  night,  the  debate  was  protracted  until 
past  midnight.  The  galleries  were  crowded  with  spectators  as 
strongly  excited  as  the  members.  The  governor  and  lieutenant 
governor  M'Afee  were  present  upon  the  floor,  and  mingled  with 
the  members.  Both  displayed  intense  excitement,  and  the  gov- 
ernor was  heard  to  urge  the  calling  of  the  previous  qiiestion. 
Great  disorder  prevailed,  and  an  occasional  clap  and  hiss,  w^as 
heard  in  the  galleries.  The  bill  was  passed  by  a  large  majority 
in  the  house  of  representatives,  and  by  a  nearly  equal  majority 
in  the  senate. 

No  time  was  lost  in  organizing  the  new  court,  which  consisted 
of  four  judges.  William  T.  Barry  was  chief  justice,  and  John 
Trimble,  James  Haggin  and  Rezia  H.  Davidge,  were  associate 
justices.  Francis  P.  Blair  was  appointed  clerk,  and  took  forci- 
ble possession  of  the  records  of  Achilles  Sneed,  the  old  clerk. 
The  old  court  in  the  meantime,  denied  the  constitutionality  of 
the  act,  and  still  continued  to  sit  as  a  court  of  appeals,  and  de- 
cide such  causes  as  were  brought  before  them.  A  great  majority 
of  the  bar  of  Kentucky  recognized  them  as  the  true  court,  and 
brought  their  causes  by  appeal  before  their  tribunal.  A  great 
majority  of  the  circuit  judges,  obeyed  their  mandates,  as  impli- 
citly as  if  no  reorganizing  act  had  passed.  A  certain  propor- 
tion of  cases,  however,  were  taken  up  to  the  new  court,  and  some 
of  the  circuit  judges  obeyed  their  mandates  exclusively,  refusing 
to  recognize  the  old  court.  A  few  judges  obeyed  both,  declining 
to  decide  which  was  the  true  court. 

This  judicial  anarchy  could  not  possibly  endure.  The  people 
as  the  final  arbiter  was  again  appealed  to  by  both  parties,  and 
the  names  of  relief  and  anti-relief  became  merged  in  the  title  of 
old  court  and  new  court.  Great  activity  was  exerted  in  the  can- 
vass of  1825,  and  never  were  the  passions  of  the  people  more 
violently  excited.  The  result  was  the  triumph  of  the  old  court 
party  by  a  large  majority  in  the  popular  branch  of  the  legisla- 
ture, while  the  senate  still  remained  attached  to  the  new  court; 
the  new  popular  impulse  not  having  had  time  to  remould  it. 

In  consequence  of  this  difi'erence  between  the  political  com- 
plexion of  the  two  houses,  the  reorganizing  act  still  remained 
unrepealed,  and  the  canvass  of  1826,  saw  both  parties  again  ar- 
rayed in  a  final  struggle  for  the  command  of  the  senate.  The 
old  court  party  again  triumphed,  and  at  the  ensuing  session  of 
the  legislature  the  obnoxious  act  was  repealed,  the  opinion  o*" 
the  governor  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding,  and  the  three  old 
judges  re-established,  de  facto  as  well  as  de  jure.  Their  salaries 
were  voted  to  them,  during  the  period  of  their  forcible  and  ille- 
gal removal,  and  all  the  acts  of  the  new  court  have  ever  been 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  323 

treated  a-?  a  nullity.  This  is  one  of  the  most  signal  triumphs  of 
law  and  order  over  the  fleeting  passions,  which  for  a  time  over- 
come the  reason  of  the  most  sober  people,  which  is  recorded  in 
the  annals  of  a  free  people.  It  is  honorable  to  the  good  sense  of 
the  people  of  Kentucky,  and  strikingly  displays  their  inherent  at- 
tachment to  sober  and  rational  liberty. 

The  new  court  party  acquiesced  in  the  decision  of  the  people, 
and  abandoning  state  politics,  they  strove  to  forget  their  defeat  in 
a  new  issue  of  a  national  character,  in  which  the  state  became 
as  deeply  excited  in  the  year  1827,  as  it  had  been  in  its  domestic 
policy.  Adams  had  been  elected  president  in  1824,  by  the  vote 
of  Mr.  Clay,  and  by  his  influence  in  the  house  of  representatives 
over  the  delegates  from  Kentucky  and  Missouri.  Jackson  had 
been  his  strongest  competitor,  and  was  per.'^onally  more  popular 
in  the  west  than  Adams.  Mr.  Clay  received  the  appointjnent  of 
secretary  of  state  from  Adams,  and  of  course  became  identified 
with  his  administration.  The  ancient  dislike  to  New  England, 
was  still  strong  in  Kentucky,  and  the  new  court  party  in  mass 
threw  themselves  into  the  opposition  to  Adams'  administration, 
and  boldly  denounced  Mr.  Clay  as  an  apostate  from  the  ancient 
republican  party,  although  Mr.  Adams  for  nearly  twenty  years 
had  been  a  member  of  that  party,  and  had  formed  a  distinguished 
part  of  president  Monroe's  administration. 

The  great  mass  of  the  old  court  party,  warmly  and  passion- 
ately sustained  Clay  in  his  vote,  and  adliered  to  the  administra- 
tion of  which  he  formed  the  life  and  soul.  The  old  issues  in 
1827  were  completely  forgotten,  and  national  politics  were  dis- 
cussed with  an  ardor  unknown  in  Kentucky  since  the  war  fever 
of  1812.  It  quickly  became  obvious  that  in  this  new  issue,  the  old 
court  party  were  losing  their  preponderance  in  the  state.  The 
unpopular  name  of  Adams  told  heavily  against  them,  and  the 
sword  of  Jackson  and  the  glory  of  New  Orleans,  were  thrown 
into  the  scale. 

Both  parties  prepared  for  the  great  contest  of  1828  in  Ken- 
tucky, with  intense  interest.  Their  gubernatorial  election  came 
off  in  August,  and  the  old  court  party,  which  had  now  assumed 
the  name  of  "National  Republican,"  selected  General  Thomas 
Metcalfe  as  their  candidate  for  governor,  while  the  opposite  party 
adopted  the  popular  name  of  "  Democratic  Republicans,"  selected 
William  T.  Barry,  the  late  chief  justice  of  the  new  court,  as  their 
candidate.  Metcalfe  had  commenced  life  as  a  stone  mason,  and 
by  the  energy  of  his  character,  had  risen  to  honor  and  distinction. 
He  had  been  a  representative  in  congress  for  nearly  ten  years, 
and  was  possessed  of  great  personal  popularity.  After  an  active 
canvass  Metcalfe  was  elected  by  a  small  majority,  but  the  oppo- 
site party  carried  their  lieutenant  governor  and  a  majority  of  the 
legislature,  and  it  was  obvious  that  they  had  a  majority  of  the 
votes  in  their  ranks. 

At  the  November  election  Jackson  carried  the  state  by  a 
majority  of  eight  thousand,  and  Adams  was  beaten  in  the  United 


324  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

States  by  an  overwhelming  vote.  Although  Clay  was  not  directly 
involved  in  this  issue,  yet  the  weight  of  the  popular  verdict  fell 
heavily  upon  him.  The  party  that  had  supported  Adams  in  the 
United  States  instantly  rallied  upon  Clay,  and  organized  for 
another  struggle  in  1832,  against  Jackson,  who  would  certainly  be 
a  candidate  for  re-election.  With  Clay  directly  before  the  people, 
the  "National  Republican"  party  in  Kentucky,  felt  confident  of 
regaining  their  ascendency  in  the  State.  His  brilliant  eloquence, 
his  courage,  his  energy  of  character,  his  indomitable  spirit, 
made  him  a  fit  competitor  for  Jackson,  who  possessed  some  of  the 
same  qualities  in  an  equal  degree.  During  the  conflicts  of  1829 
and  1830,  the  Jackson  supremacy  was  maintained  in  the  legisla- 
ture, and  in  the  delegates  to  Congress,  but  in  the  fall  of  1831,  the 
"Clay  party"  as  it  was  called  by  many,  obtained  a  majority  in 
the  legislature,  and  this  was  strikingly  made  manifest  to  the 
Union  by  the  election  of  Clay  to  the  senate  of  the  United  States. 
A  majority  of  the  congressional  delegation,  however,  were  still  of 
the  "  Democratic"  or  Jackson  party,  and  it  was  uncertain  which 
party  had  obtained  a  majority  of  the  popular  vote. 

The  great  contest  of  1832  came  on.  Jackson  and  Clay  were 
competitors  for  the  presidency,  and  Kentucky  had  to  choose  a 
successor  to  Metcalfe  in  the  gubernatorial  chair.  Judge  Buckner 
was  the  candidate  selected  by  the  "Nationals,"  and  Breathitt  by 
the  "Democrats"  or  Jackson  party.  Great  eflbrts  were  made  by 
both  parties,  and  Breathitt  w^as  elected  by  more  than  one  thousand 
votes.  Immense  rejoicings  upon  one  side,  and  bitter  mortifica- 
tion upon  the  other,  were  occasioned  by  this  result.  But  the 
"Nationals"  instantly  called  a  convention,  which  was  nume- 
rously attended,  and  organized  for  a  decisive  struggle  in  No- 
vember, with  a  spirit  exasperated,  but  not  cowed  by  their  recent 
defeat.  The  "Democrats"  or  "Jackson  party"  also  held  a  con- 
vention, and  it  became  obvious  that  the  preliminary  trial  of 
strength  in  August,  was  only  a  prelude  to  the  decisive  conflici 
which  was  to  come  off  in  November.  The  intervening  months 
were  marked  by  prodigious  activity  on  both  sides,  and  the  excite- 
ment became  so  engrossing,  that  all  ages  and  both  sexes,  were 
drawn  into  the  vortex.  The  result  was  a  signal  and  overwhelm- 
ing triumph  of  the  "National  Republicans."  The  popular  ma- 
jority exceeded  seven  thousand,  and  the  party  which  then 
triumphed  has  held  uninterrupted  possession  of  political  power 
in  the  State  ever  since.  But  although  the  triumph  of  Clay  was 
signal  in  Kentucky,  he  was  totally  defeated  by  Jackson  in  the 
general  election,  and  that  popular  chieftain  was  re-elected  by  a 
great  majority. 

National  politics  have  almost  entirely  engrossed  the  attention 
of  Kentucky  since  the  termination  of  the  great  relief  struggle. 
Her  domestic  history  since  1827,  is  so  closely  interwoven  with 
that  of  the  general  government,  that  it  would  be  impossible  to 
give  a  satisfactory  view  of  the  subjects  which  engrossed  the  at- 
tention of  the  people,  without  entering  into  details  forbidden  by 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  325 

the  plan  of  an  outline  sketch  like  the  present.  A  few  events 
belonging  exclusively  to  her  domestic  history  may  be  briefly 
noticed. 

The  fate  of  the  Commonwealth's  Bank,  and  the  replevin  laws 
connected  with  it,  was  sealed  by  the  triumph  of  the  old  court 
part}'.  The  latter  were  repealed,  and  the  former  was  gradually 
extinguished  by  successive  acts  of  the  legislature,  which  directed 
that  its  paper  should  be  gradually  burned,  instead  of  being  re- 
issued. In  a  very  few  years  its  paper  disappeared  from  circula- 
tion, and  was  replaced  by  the  paper  of  the  United  States'  Bank, 
of  which  two  branches  had  been  established  in  Kentucky,  the 
one  at  Lexington  and  the  other  at  Louisville.  It  was  the  policy 
of  the  great  Jackson  party  of  the  United  States  to  destroy  this 
institution  entirely,  and  the  re-election  of  Jackson  in  1832,  sealed 
its  doom.  It  became  obvious  to  all  that  its  charter  would  not  be 
renewed,  and  the  favorite  policy  of  that  party  was  to  establish 
state  banks  throughout  the  Union,  to  supply  its  place. 

As  soon  as  it  became  obvious  that  the  charter  of  the  bank  of 
the  United  States  would  not  be  renewed,  the  legislature  of  Ken- 
tucky, at  its  sessions  of  1833  and  1834,  established  the  Bank  of 
Kentucky,  the  Northern  Bank  of  Kentucky,  and  the  Bank  of 
Louisville,  the  first  with  a  capital  of  $5,000,000,  the  second  with 
a  capital  of  $3,000,000,  the  third  with  a  capital  of  $2,000,000. 
The  result  of  this  simultaneous  and  enormous  multiplication  of 
state  banks  throughout  the  United  States,  consequent  upon  the 
fall  of  the  National  Bank,  was  vastly  to  increase  the  quantity  of 
paper  money  afloat,  and  to^stimulate  the  wildest  spirit  of  specu- 
lation. The  nominal  prices  of  all  commodities  rose  with  por- 
tentous rapidity,  and  states,  cities  and  individuals,  embarked 
heedlessly  and  with  feverish  ardor  in  schemes  of  internal  im- 
provement, and  private  speculation,  upon  the  most  gigantic  scale. 
During  the  years  of  1835  and  1836,  the  history  of  one  State  is 
the  history  of  all.  All  rushed  into  the  market  to  borrow  money, 
and  eagerly  projected  plans  of  railroads,  canals,  slack-water  navi- 
gation and  turnpike  roads,  far  beyond  the  demands  of  commerce, 
and  in  general  without  making  any  solid  provision  for  the  pay- 
ment of  the  accruing  interest,  or  reimbursement  of  the  principal. 
This  fabric  was  too  baseless  and  unreal  to  endure. 

In  the  spring  of  1837,  all  the  banks  of  Kentucky  and  of  the 
Union  suspended  specie  payments.  Kentucky  was  then  in  the 
midst  of  a  scheme  of  internal  improvement,  upon  which  she  was 
spending  about  $-1,000,000  annually,  embracing  the  construction  of 
turnpike  roads  and  the  improvement  of  her  rivers,  and  she  was 
eagerly  discussing  railroad  projects  upon  a  princely  scale.  Her 
citizens  were  generally  involved  in  private  speculations,  based 
upon  the  idea  that  the  present  buoyant  prices  would  be  perma- 
nent, and  ])oth  public  and  private  credit  had  been  strained  to  the 
utmost. 

In  this  state  of  things  the  legislature  of  1837  met,  and  legal- 
ized the  suspension  of  the   banks,  refusing  to  compel  them  to 


326  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

resunie  specie  payments,  and  refusing  to  exact  the  forfeiture 
of  their  charters.  A  general  effort  was  made  by  banks,  govern- 
ment and  individuals,  to  relax  the  pressure  of  the  crisis,  as  much 
as  possible,  and  great  forbearance  and  moderation  was  exercised 
by  all  parties.  The  effect  was  to  mitigate  the  present  pressure, 
to  delay  the  day  of  reckoning,  but  not  to  remove  the  evil.  Specie 
disappeared  from  circulation  entirely,  and  the  smaller  coin  was 
replaced  by  paper  tickets,  issued  by  cities,  towns  and  individuals, 
having  a  local  currency,  but  worthless  beyond  the  range  of  their 
immediate  neighborhood.  The  banks  in  the  meantime  were  con- 
ducted with  prudence  and  ability.  They  forbore  to  press  their 
debtors  severely,  but  cautiously  and  gradually  lessened  their  cir- 
culation and  increased  their  specie,  until  after  a  suspension  of 
rather  more  than  one  year,  they  ventured  to  resume  specie  pay- 
ment. This  resumption  was  general  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  business  and  speculation  again  became  buoyant. 
The  latter  part  of  1838  and  nearly  the  whole  of  1839,  witnessed 
an  activity  in  business,  and  a  fleeting  prosperity,  which  some- 
what resembled  the  feverish  ardor  of  1835  and  1836.  But  the 
fatal  disease  still  lurked  in  the  system,  and  it  was  the  hectic 
flush  of  an  uncured  malady,  not  the  ruddy  glow  of  health, 
which  deluded  the  eye  of  the  observer. 

In  the  autumn  of  1839,  there  was  a  second  general  suspension 
of  specie  payments,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  eastern  banks. 
It  became  obvious  that  the  mass  of  debt  could  not  much  longer 
be  staved  off.  Bankruptcies  multiplied  in  every  direction.  All 
public  improvements  were  suspended;  many  states  were  unable 
to  pay  the  interest  of  their  respective  debts,  and  Kentucky  was 
compelled  to  add  fifty  per  cent,  to  her  direct  tax,  or  forfeit  her  in- 
tegrity. In  the  latter  part  of  1841,  and  in  the  year  1842,  the  tem- 
pest so  long  suspended,  burst  in  full  force  over  Kentucky.  The 
dockets  of  her  courts  groaned  under  the  enormous  load  of  law- 
suits, and  the  most  frightful  sacrifices  of  property  were  incurred 
by  forced  sales  under  execution.  All  at  once  the  long  forgotten 
cry  of  relief  again  arose  from  thousands  of  harassed  voters,  and 
a  new  project  of  a  Bank  ef  the  Commonwealth,  like  the  old  one, 
was  agitated,  with  a  blind  and  fierce  ardor,  which  mocked  at  the 
lessons  of  experience,  and  sought  present  relief  at  any  expense. 

This  revival  of  the  ancient  relief  party,  assumed  a  formidable 
appearance  in  the  elections  of  1842,  but  was  encountered  in  the 
legislature  with  equal  skill  and  firmness.  The  specific  measures 
of  the  relief  party  were  rejected,  but  liberal  concessions  were 
made  to  them  in  other  forms,  which  proved  satisfactory  to  the 
more  rational  members,  and  warded  off  the  fury  of  the  tempest 
which  at  first  threatened  the  most  mischievous  results.  The 
middle  term  of  the  circuit  courts  was  abolished.  The  magis- 
trates were  compelled  to  hold  four  terms  annually,  and  forbidden 
to  give  judgment  save  at  their  regular  terms.  The  existing  banks 
were  required  to  issue  more  paper,  and  give  certain  accommoda- 
tions for  a  longer  time  and  a  regular  apportionment.    These  con- 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  327 

cessions  proved  satisfactory,  and  at  the  expense  of  vas.t  suffer- 
ing, during  the  years  1843  and  1844,  society  gradually  assumed  a 
more  settled  and  prosperous  state. 

In  order  to  preserve  a  record  of  the  succession  of  chief  magis- 
trates, we  may  observe  that  judge  James  Clark,  was  elected  gov- 
ernor in  183(5,  Robert  P.  Letcher  in  1840,  and  judge  William 
Owsley  in  1844.  The  first  will  be  recollected  as  the  circuit  judge 
who  first  had  the  hardihood  to  pronounce  the  relief  law  uncon- 
stitutional. The  last  was  a  member  of  the  old  court  of  appeals. 
Their  successive  election  to  the  first  ofiice  within  the  gift  of  the 
people,  was  a  late  and  well  merited  reward  for  the  signal  ser- 
vices which  they  had  rendered  their  country,  at  a  period  when 
all  the  conservative  features  of  the  constitution,  were  tottering 
beneath  the  fury  of  a  revolutionary  tempest.  Governor  Letcher 
had  long  occupied  a  seat  in  congress,  and  had  inflexibly  opposed 
the  great  Jackson  party  of  the  Union  in  its  imperious  sway. 

General  Harrison  was  before  the  people  as  a  presidential  can- 
didate, during  the  years  1836  and  1840,  when  both  Clark  and 
Letcher  were  elected,  and  was  warmly  supported  by  that  pazty 
in  Kentucky,  which  successively  bore  the  name  of  "  Anti-relief," 
"  Old  Court,"  "  National  Republican"  and  "Whig."  When  Ows- 
ley was  a  candidate  in  1844,  Clay  was  again  before  the  people 
as  a  candidate  for  the  presidential  chair,  and  was  opposed  by 
James  K.  Polk,  of  Tennessee,  a  member  of  the  old  Jackson  party, 
which  had  assumed  the  popular  title  of  "  Democratic  Republi- 
can." Clay  was  supported  as  usual  in  Kentucky,  with  intense 
and  engrossing  ardor,  and  obtained  its  electoral  vote  by  a  ma- 
jority exceeding  nine  thousand.  He  was  supported  by  the  whig 
party  of  the  Union,  with  a  warmth  of  personal  devotion,  which 
has  seldom  been  witnessed,  and  was  never  surpassed  in  the 
annals  of  popular  government.  Parties  were  so  equally 
balanced,  that  tlie  result  was  in  doubt  to  the  last  moment,  and 
was  finally  decided  by  the  state  of  New  York,  which  out  of 
nearly  500,000  votes  cast,  gave  Polk  a  plurality  over  Clay  of  less 
than  6000. 

The  great  national  issue  involved  in  this  election,  was  the  an- 
nexation of  Texas  to  the  United  States.  Polk  was  the  champion 
of  the  party  in  favor  of  annexation,  and  Clay  opposed  it  as  tend- 
ing to  involve  the  country  in  foreign  war  and  internal  discord. 
This  tendency  was  vehemently  denied  by  the  adversaries  of 
Clay,  and  annexation  was  accomplished  by  the  election  of  Polk. 
Foreign  war  has  already  followed  in  the  train,  and  internal  dis- 
cord seems  slowly  upheaving  its  dismal  front,  among  the  States 
of  the  confederacy. 

With  the  year  1844,  we  close  this  sketch.  The  war  with 
Mexico  which  grew  out  of  the  policy  then  adopted,  is  still 
raging,  and  the  spirit  of  indefinite  territorial  aggrandizement 
which  then  triumphed,  has  not  yet  developed  its  consequences. 
A  brief  record  of  the    past   is   here   presented.     The  darkening 


OUTLINE   HISTORY. 


shadows  of  coming  events,  present  a  dim  and  troubled  prospect, 
which  we  leave  to  the  pencil  of  the  future  historian. 


In  the  foregoing  "  Outline  History,"  reference  has  necessarily 
been  made  and  considerable  space  devoted  to  the  political  trans- 
actions that  occurred  in  Kentucky  previously  to  her  admission 
into  the  Union  as  an  independent  State.  That  there  were  at 
that  time  two  rival  parties  for  popular  favor,  is  obvious  from 
what  has  been  already  written  ;  and  that  their  rivalship  was  char- 
acterized by  great  and  bitter  personal  animosity,  is  no  less  true. 
Angry  and  fierce  contests,  and  crimination  and  recrimination 
marked  the  period,  and  the  temper  of  the  times  can  be  clearly 
discerned  from  the  nature  of  the  charges  brought  on  one  side, 
and  the  manner  in  which  they  were  repelled  by  the  other.  Mr. 
McClung,  the  writer  of  the  Outline  History,  has  given  a  summary 
of  the  facts,  as  stated  by  the  two  historians,  Mr.  Marshall  and 
Mr.  Butler,  as  he  understands  them,  but  declines  to  draw  any 
conclusion  from  them — leaving  that  to  the  reader's  judgment. 
The  principal  allegation  against  the  Honorable  John  Brown,  then 
a  conspicuous  member  of  Congress,  and  three  times  subsequently 
thereto  elected  a  senator  in  Congress  from  the  State  of  Kentucky, 
is,  that  in  a  letter  to  Judge  Muter,  he  communicated  the  substance 
of  an  interview  between  himself  and  Gardoqui  in  coiifidcncc,  and 
that  he  afterwards  in  a  convention  held  at  Danville,  maintained 
an  ominous  silence  on  the  same  subject.  This  seeming  secrecy 
and  reserve  were  held  to  be  evidences  of  a  criminal  purpose,  and 
as  such  are  commented  upon  with  great  acrimony  by  the  first 
named  historian. 

Since  the  preparation  of  the  outline  history,  and  after  it  had 
passed  through  the  hands  of  the  stereotypist,  attention  has  been 
called  to  the  following  letter  from  Mr.  Madison,  which  discloses 
the  fact  that  so  far  from  its  being  the  wish  of  ftlr.  Brown  to  con- 
ceal the  interview  with  Gardoqui,  or  invest  it  with  mystery,  he 
communicated  it  at  the  time  to  Air.  jNladison  himself,  then  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress  from  Virginia,  and  known  to  be  one  of  the  pro- 
foundest  statesmen  and  purest  patriots  in  the  country  ;  and  that 
whatever  of  reserve  may  have  appeared  in  his  communications 
or  manner  to  others,  was  in  accordance  with  the  advice  of  Mr. 
Madison  himself  It  is  due  to  the  truth  of  history  that  the  letter 
of  Mr.  Madison  should  be  inserted  here.  In  the  opinion  of  the 
author  of  this  work,  it  is  a  triumphant  vindication  of  the  motives 
of  Mr.  Brown,  and  he  believes  it  will  be  generally  so  considered. 

Copy  of  a  letter  from  James  Madison,  ex-president  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  to  Mann  Butler,  Esq.,  (as  published  in  Appendix  to 
second  edition  of  Butler's  History  of  Kentucky,  page  518.) 


"  MoNTPELiER.  October  11,  1834. 
"  Dkab  Sir  :  I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  21st  ult.,  in  whicli  you  wish 
to  obtain  my  recollection  of  what  passed  between  Mr,  Brown  and  ine  in  1788  on 
the  overtures  of  Gardoqui,   '  that  if  the  people  of  Kentucky  would  erect  them* 


OUTLINE   HISTORY. 


329 


selves  into  an  Independent  Slate,  and  appoint  a  proper  person  to  negotiate  with 
iiiiii,  he  had  authority  tor  that  purpose,  and  would  enter  into  an  arranjrement  with 
them  for  the  expor:ation  of  their  produce  to  New  Orleans.' 

"  My  recollection,  with  which  reference  to  my  manuscript  papers  accord,  leaves  no 
doubt  that  the  overture  was  communicated  to  me  by  Mr.  Brown.  Nor  can  I  doubt 
that,  as  slated  by  him,  I  expressed  the  opinion  and  apprehension  that  a  knowl- 
edge of  it  in  Kentucky,  might,  in  the  excitement  there,  he  mischievously  employed. 
This  vievy  of  the  subject  evidently  resulted  from  the  natural  and  known  impa- 
tience of  the  people  on  the  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  for  a  market  for  the  pro- 
ducts of  their  exuberant  soil ;  from  the  distrust  of  the  Federal  i)olicy,  produced 
by  the  project  for  surrendering  the  use  of  that  river  for  a  term  of  years;  and  from 
a  coincidence  of  the  overture  in  point  of  time,  with  the  plan  on  foot  for  consoli- 
dating the  Union  by  arming  it  with  new  powers,  an  object,  to  embarrass  and 
defeat  which,  the  dismembering  aims  of  Spain  would  not  fail  to  make  the  most 
tempting  sacrifices,  and  to  spare  no  intrigues. 

"  I  owe  it  to  Mr.  Brown,  with  whom  I  was  in  intimate  friendship  when  we 
were  associated  in  public  life,  to  observe,  that  I  always  regarded  him,  whilst 
steadily  attentive  to  the  interests  of  his  constituents,  as  duly  impressed  with  the 
importance  of  the  Union,  and  anxious  for  its  prosperity.  I  pray  you  to  accept 
with  iny  respects,  my  cordial  salutations. 

Signed  "JAMES  MADISON." 

"  Mann  Butler,  Esq." 


330  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 


CHAPTER   VII. 

The  historian  who,  after  a  lapse  of  eight  and  twenty  years, 
resumes  the  recital  of  events  since  then  occurring,  can  but  be 
struck  with  the  proi)hetic  bodings  of  coming  calamity  which 
seemed  to  weigh  upon  the  spii-it  of  the  author  of  the  foregoing 
Outline  Sketcli,  which  closed  in  1844.  Not  even  his  despondent 
anticipation  could  realize  the  dark  and  sorrowful  tragedies  which 
were  then  crowding  tliick  and  fust  upon  the  state.  Dark  as  was 
the  cloud  which  loomed  in  the  horizon,  none  anticipated  the  ap- 
palling fury  with  wiiich  it  burst  upon  the  land,  whelmed  a  con- 
tinent in  blood,  and  mantled  in  funeral  sables  a  nation. 

In  1843  began,  and  in  1844-5,  was  steadily  developing,  the 
systematic  enticing  away,  or  stealing,  of  slaves  from  Kentucky, 
and  the  running  tliem  off  to  Canada,  by  a  cordon  of  posts,  or 
relays,  which  came  to  be  known  as  the  "  und*erground  railroad." 
Few  were  stolen  at  first,  and  occasional  cases  of  recapture  on 
Ohio  soil,  and  of  restoration  to  owners,  occurred.  In  several 
cases,  Ohio  juries — under  the  just  laws  enacted  to  meet  the  exi- 
gency— gave  judgment  for  damages  to  the  reasonable  value  of  the 
slaves  rescued;  but  in  no  case  were  the  judgments  paid.  But 
this  semblance  of  justice  grew  lax,  and  men  who  at  first  were 
willing  to  see  stolen  or  runaway  slaves  restored,  soon  became  in- 
different, and  in  a  few  years  themselves  encouraged  this  growing 
interference  with  the  property  rights  of  the  people  of  Kentucky. 
In  1849,  under  a  leader  from  the  nortli,  forty-two  slaves  in  one 
body  attempted  to  escape  from  Fayette  and  Bourbon  counties. 

In  June,  1845,  Cassius  M.  Clay  began  the  publication,  at  Lex- 
ington, of  an  anti-slaveiy  newspaper,  the  "  True  American,^' 
which  lielped  to  develop  and  intensify  the  growing  uneasiness  as 
to  the  safety  and  permanent  value  of  slave  property.  On  the 
18th  of  August  ensuing,  a  "committee  of  sixty"  leading  and 
prominent  citizens  were,  by  a  large  ])ublic  meeting — which  had, 
four  days  previously,  requested  a  discontinuance  of  its  publication 
as  "dangerous  to  the  peace  of  the  community,  and  to  the  safety 
of  their  homes  and  families,"  which  request  was  defiantly  re- 
fused— authorized  "to  take  possession  of  the  Trne  Americnn  i)ress, 
type,  and  printing  apparatus,  pack  them  up,"  and  send  them 
forthwith  to  Cincinnati;  which  was  done,  and  tiie  freight  charges 
and  expenses  thereon  paid.  Its  publication  was  continued  at 
Cincinnati  for  a  year  or  more.  The  "committee  of  sixty"  were 
tried  on  a  charge  of  riot;  verdict  of  the  jury,  "not  guilty." 

In  May,  1846,  began  the  war  with  Alexico,  whicli — however 
parties  in  Kentucky  differed  as  to  itr,  justice  or  its  policy — so 
struck  the  popular  chord  as  to  enlist  13,700  volunteers,  wliile  the 
governor  had  called  for  and  could  accept  less  than  5,000  men. 
Some  details  of  the  battles  and   other   incidents  of  the  war  are 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  331 

already  given  in  this  work  (pages  53  to  57,  ante)  The  war 
closed  triumphantly  for  the  United  States  in  1848,  by  the  an- 
nihilation of  the  Mexican  armies  and  the  capture  of  the  Mexican 
capital.  The  terms  of  peace  dictated  to  her  were — the  cession  of 
a  large  portion  of  her  territory,  and  the  recognition  of  the  in- 
dejiendence  of  Texas.  The  heart  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States  was  swollen  with  pride  and  gratulation.  They  had  con- 
quered an  empire,  and  felt  confined  to  no  limits  in  their  demands 
uj)on  the  vanquished,  save  those  prompted  by  their  own  mag- 
nanimity. No  sooner  had.  California  been  ceded  to  them  than 
the  discovery  of  gold  in  unprecedented  quantities  disclosed  to  the 
astounded  world  the  immensity  of  the  conquest. 

Upon  the  mighty  wave  of  popular  exultation  General  Zachary 
Taylor,  as  the  Whig  candidate,  was  borne  into  the  presidency  in 
1848 — aided,  greatly,  by  the  tremendous  efforts  to  elect  John  J. 
Crittenden  as  the  Whig  candidate  for  governor  of  Kentucky. 
The  life-long  claims  of  Kentucky's  greatest  son,  Henry  Clay, 
were  set  aside;  and  the  excited  nation,  drunk  with  success,  placed 
the  victorious  soldier  at  the  helm  of  state  at  the  very  moment 
the  vessel  was  entering  a  maelstrom,  of  whose  treacherous  cur- 
rents and  fathomless  whirlpools  no  chart  existed. 

Tiie  discovery  of  gold  in  California  caused  a  vast  and  unpar- 
alleled emigration  to  the  shores  of  the  Pacific  from  every  quarter 
of  the  globe.  Her  growth  was  as  the  growth  of  a  night.  As  by 
magic,  her  seaports — which  had  lain  neglected  and  uncaied  for 
during  the  centuries — were  crowded  with  tiie  keels  of  every 
land.  Her  hitherto  arid  and  barren  sands  were  covered  with 
cities.  Her  bold  and  rugged  mountains  and  her  wild  and  deso- 
late valleys  were  teeming  with  myriads,  attracted  by  the  glitter- 
ing guerdon  she  wore  in  her  bosom. 

With  the  inauguration  of  General  Taylor  came  the  demand  of 
California  for  admission  as  a  state,  and  the  necessity  of  providing 
territorial  governments  for  the  other  acquisitions  which  the 
United  States  had  made.  And  with  these  demands  came  the 
exciting  question,  whether  the  states  to  be  carved  out  of  the 
new  domain  should  be  free  or  slave  states.  The  advocates  of  the 
Wilmot  proviso  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  advocates  of  the  ob- 
literation of  any  geographical  line  restricting  the  extension  of 
slavery  on  the  other,  waged  loud  and  claniorous  wrangle  in 
every  hamlet  of  the  Union,  and,  fiercest  of  all,  in  the  council 
halls  of  the  nation.  To  many  it  appeared  that  civil  war  was  on 
the  eve  of  inauguration.  They  were  mistaken — not  as  to  fact, 
only  as  to  time.  The  wild  uproar  was  but  the  moan  which  pre- 
cedes the  tempest.  The  battle  was  not  yet  to  be  joined.  It  was 
but  the  heavy  tread  of  the  hosts  as  they  marshaled  themselves 
for  the  aceldama,  a  decade  later. 

The  election  of  General  Taylor  to  the  presidency  had  forever 
blighted  what  was  su])poscd  by  both  friends  and  opponents  to 
be  the  cherished  ambition  of  Kentucky's  ])eerless  son,  Henry 
Clay— his  election  to  the  presidency.     Stricken  in  years  and  with 


332  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

waning  pliysical  strength,  a  purer  and  loftier  ambition  aroused 
for  a  time  all  the  energies  of  his  gallant  soul,  and  brought  into 
keener  play  his  pristine  intellectual  vigor.  Resuming  his  seat  in 
the  senate  of  the  United  States,  the  grandest  period  in  his  life 
was  its  close,  when  for  days  and  weeks  and. months — surrounded 
and  cooperated  with  by  the  greatest  intellects  of  the  senate — he 
sought  to  conciliate  the  hostile  factions  and  heal  unfraternal  dis- 
sensions. Past  political  lines  of  severance  were  for  a  time  com- 
pletely obliterated.  Cass,  Douglas,  Webster,  Foote — men  who 
had  shivered  many  a  lance  upon  his  buckler — recognized  the  im- 
perial grandeur  of  his  efforts,  and  generously  hailed  him  chief 
among  the  giants.  Under  his  leadership,  the  compromise  meas- 
ures of  1850  were  adopted ;  resulting  in  the  admission  of  Cali- 
fornia, without  restriction  of  slavery  (although  her  state  con- 
stitution had  forbidden  it),  and  in  the  extension  of  the  Missouri 
compromise  line  of  1^6°  30'  through  the  new  territories — north 
of  which  slavery  was  interdicted,  and  south  of  which  the  people 
were  permitted  in  organizing  their  state  governments  to  decide 
the  question  for  themselves.  And  then  Henry  Clay  sank  to  his 
last  long  sleep,  beneath  the  monument  which  the  state  with 
grateful  unanimity  erected  to  the  memory  of  his  services,  his 
genius,  and  his  fame — firmly  hoping  that  he  had  averted  from 
his  country  the  horrors  of  internecine  strife.  It  was  a  delusion. 
The  storm  lulled,  only  to  gather  fresh  elements  of  strength  and 
break  at  last  in  unchained  fury. 

With  his  death  drooped,  never  to  wave  again  in  successful 
conflict  in  Kentucky,  the  Whig  banner — which  so  often  floated 
proudly  at  the  head  of  the  hosts  of  his  admiring  followers. 
Thousands  of  the  young  men  of  Kentucky,  Whigs  by  inherit- 
ance, commenced  their  political  lives  in  tiie  ranks  of  the  Democ- 
racy, and  recognized  as  their  leader  John  C.  Breckinridge;  fol- 
lowing him  with  much  of  that  passionate  entiuisiasm  which  their 
fathers  displayed  toward  Mr.  Clay. 

Tlie  question  of  calling  a  convention  to  revise  and  amend  the 
second  constitution  of  Kentucky,  which  was  adopted  August  17, 
1799,  was  twice  approved  by  the  people  with  remarkable  una- 
nimity. In  August,  1847,  92,639  out  of  137,311  total  voters, 
and  in  August,  1848,  101,828  out  of  141,(320  total  voters  in  the 
state,  declared  in  favor  of  a  convention.  One  hundred  mem- 
bers— Whigs  48,  Democrats  52 — were  accordingly  chosen,  in 
August,  1849.  [See  list,  on  page  365.]  Their  deliberations  ex- 
tended from  October  1  to  December  21,  1849.  May  7,  1850,  the 
new  constitution  was  adopted  by  a  popular  majority  of  51,351,  in 
a  vote  oast  of  91,955.  June  3,  the  convention  again  assembled, 
adopted  several  amendments,  and  June  11,  adjourned,  after  pro- 
claiming the  present,  or  third,  constitution.  The  great  underly- 
ing cause  of  dissatisfaction  with  the  second  constitution  was  the  life 
tenure  of  the  judges  and  clerks  of  courts,  justices  of  the  ])eace,  and 
some  other  offices — which  led  to  the  radical  change  of  making 
nearly  all  officers  eligible  directly  by  the  people.     After  twenty- 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  333 

two  years'  experience,  it  is  still  an  open  question  with  many 
whether  the  change  in  this  regard  has  subserved  the  public  inter- 
est or  the  cause  of  justice,  or  improved  the  public  morals. 

In  1851,  for  the  first  time  in  many  years,  the  Democratic  party 
succeeded  in  electing  their  candidate,  Lazarus  W.  Powell.  The 
two  houses  of  the  general  assembly,  however,  were  Whig.  The 
tide  ebbed  in  1855,  and,  by  a  combination  between  the  AVhig  and 
Native  American  parties,  Charles  S.  Morehead,  a  gentleman  who 
had  served  four  years  in  the  congress  of  tlie  United  States,  was 
elected  governor.  But  in  1856,  under  the  impetus  given  by  the 
position  of  John  C.  Breckinridge  on  the  Democratic  ticket  as 
candidate  for  the  vice-presidency,  the  state  was  carried  by  the  Demo- 
crats by  an  overwhelming  majority;  and  in  1859  that  organiza- 
tion elected  its  candidate  for  governor,  Beriah  Magoffin,  and  suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining  a  decided  majority  in  both  branches  of  the 
legislature.  John  J.  Crittenden  still  represented  Kentucky  in  the 
United  States  senate,  and  still  served  to  recall  the  memory  of  the 
older  statesmen  who  had  shed  upon  her  such  renown,  in  the 
brighter  days  of  the  republic. 

One  of  the  principal  characteristics  of  this  period,  nevertheless, 
was  the  appearance,  for  the  first  time  in  public  life,  of  many 
yonng  men  of  marked  ability  and  brilliant  ])romise. 

But,  in  the  mean  time,  grave  events  had  been  occurring  in  the 
congress  of  the  United  States,  and  threatening  and  portentous 
prominence  was  again  manifesting  itself  in  the  question  of  slavery. 
The  question  was  by  no  means  a  new  one.  At  the  formation  of 
the  Union  the  subject  had  been  discussed  and  earnestly  treated 
of  in  the  conventions  assembled  to  frame  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States.  A  majority  of  the  original  thirteen  states  emerged 
from  the  Revolution  with  the  institution  engrafted  upon  their 
social  organizations.  It  seems  to  have  been  supposed  by  the 
tiithers  of  the  republic,  that  slavery  would  gradually  become  ex- 
tinct. While  they  carefully  protected  it,  by  reserving  to  the  state 
governments  the  regulation  of  the  institution  in  the  respective 
states,  they  evidently  did  not  anticipate  that  it  would  soon  become 
a  matter  of  absorbing  interest.  In  the  eastern  and  northern 
states,  the  climate  and  soil  were  uncongenial,  and  it  gradually 
faded  out.  In  the  states  more  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  cotton  and  tobacco,  the  African  race  increased  rapidly  and 
became  a  property  of  great  value.  As  time  jirogressed,  it  became 
a  source  not  only  of  material  advantage  to  the  states  which  re- 
tained it,  but  a  source  of  political  power. 

But  it  is,  nevertheless,  true  that  in  the  first  years  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  had  commenced  a  struggle  destined 
to  rend  it  in  pieces,  amid  carnage,  desolation,  and  blood.  The 
citizens  of  the  slaveholding  states  heard  with  ill  repressed  in- 
dignation the  stigma  cast  upon  the  institution  of  slavery,  and 
viewed  with  restless  jealousy  the  attempt  made  by  the  aboli- 
tionists to  destroy  it.  The  cause  of  difference  between  them  was 
indeed  iri-econcilable.     The  slaveholder  believed  the  institution 


334  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

to  be  not  only  best  for  the  social  and  agricultural  development  of 
the  country,  but  a  blessing  to  the  slave,  right  in  principle,  cor- 
rect in  morals,  and  sanctioned  by  Divine  command  and  appro- 
bation. The  abolitionists,  on  the  contrary,  believed,  or  pretended 
to  believe,  slavery  an  unmitigated  curse  to  the  slave,  a  dishonor 
to  a  free  people,  blighting  in  its  effects  upon  the  dominant  race, 
"  a  covenant  with  death  and  an  agreement  with  hell."  Profess- 
ing to  believe  so,  they  warred  against  it  with  all  the  earnestness 
and  wild  enthusiasm  of  fanatic  and  religious  fervor.  Their  num- 
bers, it  is  true,  were  limited;  but,  dividing  them  from  the  slave- 
holders, was  a  vast  mass  who — having  no  practical  connection 
with  the  institution — held  every  form  and  shade  of  sentiment 
concerning  it.  Some  were  totally  indifferent,  knowing  little  and 
caring  less  about  it.  Some  believing  it  an  evil,  yet  recognized 
the  evil  as  so  intimately  interwoven  with  benefits  that  time  alone 
could  solve  the  difficulty,  and  were  willing  to  await  the  solution. 
Manv  believed  the  institution  advantageous  and  desirable  in  cer- 
tain localities,  and  were  content  to  restrain  it  only  by  parallels  of 
latitude.  Others  again,  unwilling  to  see,  at  least  in  their  day, 
the  effects  of  violent  convulsion  and  radical  political  change, 
wished  to  restrict  its  further  growth  and  permit  it  to  die  from 
sheer  want  of  expansive  force.  Many  sought  to  evade  decisive 
position,  by  taking  refuge  in  the  delusive  and  specious  sophistry 
of  popular  sovereignty,  as  exercised  by  territorial  legislation. 
The  liistory  of  the  contest  is  the  history  of  every  antagonism, 
where  tlie  one  party  is  constantly  aggressive  and  the  otlier  strictly 
defensive.  All  shades  of  opinion  not  absolutely  favorable  to 
slaverv,  gradually  molded  themselves  into  a  decisive  opposition 
to  the  institution. 

In  1860,  the  encroaching  party  had  assumed  gigantic  and  for- 
midable dimensions;  while  the  south  stood  desperately  and  de- 
terminedly at  bay,  and — when  territorial  governments  were  about 
to  be  formed  for  Kansas  and  Nebraska — demanded  that  the  ter- 
ritorial restriction  by  legislative  enactment  should  be  repealed,  and 
that  slavery  should  be  allowed  to  go  where  climate,  soil,  and  the 
wishes  of  the  people,  or  the  interests  of  the  emigrants,  should 
carry  it.  Violence,  bloodshed  and  rapine  marked  the  contest  on 
the  soil  of  the  new  territories;  excitement,  anger  and  bitter  re- 
crimination, the  discussions  in  Congress.  The  conservative  men 
of  tlie  north  finally  yielding  to  the  demand  of  the  south,  united 
with  her  representatives,  and  repealed  the  obnoxious  restrictions. 
The  repeal  was  the  signal  for  an  outbreak  of  popular  excitement 
and  denunciation  in  the  north,  such  as  her  statesmen  had  never  pre- 
viously encountered.  It  became  so  formidable,  that  Mr.  Doug- 
las and  his  immediate  supporters  were  forced  to  attemjH  ^o  con- 
ciliate northern  sentiment  by  taking  refuge  in  the  delusive  dogma 
of  non-intervention  and  popular — sneeringly  called  squatter — sov- 
ereigiitv.  It  does  not  come  within  the  purpose  of  this  sketch  to 
discuss  the  question.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  squatter  sovereignty 
neither  conciliated  the  exasperated  north  nor  was  accepted  by  the 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  335 

south.  It  was  scofffd  at  in  the  former  as  a  quibble,  and  de- 
nounced in  the  south  as  a  trick  and  a  snare. 

But  while  the  doctrine  of  squatter  sovereignty  was  powerless 
to  heal  the  dissensions  in  the  nation,  it  was  potent  enough  to  rive 
in  sunder  the  Democratic  party.  In  the  conventions  of  1860, 
the  Democracy  divided — one  portion  nominating  Mr.  Douglas  as 
tiieir  candidate  for  the  presidency,  the  other  nominating  Jolin  C. 
Breckinridge,  of  Kentucky.  The  Whigs  nominated  John  Bell, 
of  Tennessee,  and  the  Republicans,  or  declared  enemies  of  the 
institution  of  slavery,  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln,  of  Illinois, 
but  a  native  of  Kentucky.  The  schism  in  the  Democratic  party, 
and  the  refusal  of  the  Whigs  to  cooperate  with  either  portion  of 
it,  resulted  in  the  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln  to  the  presidency,  by  a 
jiluraiity  vote.  Immediately,  South  Carolina  seceded  from  the 
Union,  followed  by  Georgia  and  all  the  gulf  states;  ultimately  by 
Tennessee,  North  Carolina,  Virginia  and  Missouri.  Then  Ken- 
tucky found  herself  face  to  face  with  the  mighty  question,  which 
had  been  so  long  threateningly  evolving  itself^  and  now  inexorably 
pressed  for  a  solution. 

He  must  be  struck  with  judicial  blindness  who,  in  arriving  at 
conclusions  drawn  from  a  careful  retrospect  of  the  action  of  the 
people  of  Kentucky  during  this  crisis,  will  deny  that  a  vast  ma- 
jority of  the  people  of  the  state  were  devoted  to  the  cause  of  the 
Union,  and  deeply  impressed  with  the  necessity  of  its  preserva- 
tion if  possible.  In  truth,  the  sentiment  of  devotion  to  the 
Union  was  more  nearly  akin  to  the  religious  faith  which  is  born 
in  childhood,  which  never  falters  during  the  excitements  of  the 
longest  life,  and  which  at  last  enables  the  cradle  to  triumph  over 
the  grave.  The  mass  of  them  did  not  reason  about  it.  The 
Union  was  apotheosized  ;  it  was  thought  of,  spoken  of,  and  cher- 
ished with  filial  reverence.  The  suggestion  of  its  dissolution  was 
esteemed  akin  to  blasphemy ;  to  advocate  or  to  speculate  about 
it  was  to  be  infamous. 

Nor  was  there  wanting  to  tho.se  who  did  pause  to  reason  on  the 
subject,  abundant  and  imperative  arguments  in  favor  of  its  per- 
petuation. Kentucky  lay  topographically  in  the  center  of  the 
grouping  of  states.  So  long  as  she  was  a  member  of  these  united 
sovereignties,  she  occupied  a  position  of  safety  unparalleled  in  the 
location  of  peoples.  On  every  side  of  her — north,  soutii,  east, 
we.st — stretched  great  and  powerful,  friendly  and  fraternal  com- 
munities. Whatever  in  the  mutations  of  time  might  occur,  she 
was  safe  from  the  tread  of  invasion,  bucklered  in  an  impenetra- 
ble armor  of  protection  again.st  hostile  assault.  The  world  in 
arms  might  dash  itself  against  the  coasts  of  the  United  States  ;  its 
legions  would  be  shattered  long  before  they  penetrated  to  Ken- 
tucky. She  seemed  to  have  taken  a  bond  against  fate,  assuring 
her  of  immunity  from  the  horrors  which,  at  some  time  of  the 
world's  history,  had  scourged  and  desolated  every  known  habita- 
tion of  men. 

Again  :  Kentucky  had,  more  extensively  than  any  of  the  older 


338  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

states,  contributed  to  the  population  of  tlie  newer  and  younger 
states.  The  tastes  of  her  people  and  their  descendants  were  em- 
inently, and  almost  exclusively,  agricultural.  In  the  gratifica- 
tion of  these  tastes,  and  in  the  prosecution  of  pursuits  kindred  to 
such  tastes,  for  nearly  a  third  of  a  century,  her  young  and  enter- 
prising men  had  been  accustomed  to  seeiv  for  tliemselves — after 
leaving  the  paternal  roof-tree  —  homes  located  in  the  fertile 
prairies  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Missouri,  and  along  the 
rich  alluvial  deposits  of  Mississippi,  Arkansas  and  Louisiana. 
The  tendrils  of  family  alliance  and  strong  domestic  affection 
stretched  vigorously  out,  and  grasped  alike  the  communities  of 
the  new  free  and  slave  states  of  the  basin  of  the  Ohio,  Missouri 
and  Mississippi  rivers.  The  ramification  of  family  ties  was  so 
extensive  tliat  state  lines  were  practically  ignored.  The  Ohio 
river  was  at  best  but  a  great  internal  canal,  dividing  Kentucky 
from  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois.  Thousands  of  people  found  in 
the  states  of  Ohio  and  Indiana  those  occupations  which  pro- 
vided daily  sustenance,  but  returned  at  nightfall  to  sleep  in 
Kentucky. 

Tiiese  facts  and  these  surroundings  ought  all  to  be  carefully 
considered  and  calmly  weighed,  before  admitting  the  justice  of  the 
denunciations  of  the  north,  so  frequently  pronounced  against 
Kentucky  as  traitorous,  or  the  taunts  of  the  fiery  southrons,  that 
she  was  cowardly,  avaricious,  and  more  prone  to  protect  her 
wealth  than  to  defend  her  honor.  The  time  came  when,  upon 
many  a  stricken  field,  in  many  a  desperate  and  headlong  charge, 
in  full  many  a  heady  fight,  the  imputation  of  cowardice  was  an- 
swered— as  it  has  not  often  been  answered. 

But  it  must  not  be  less  clearly  a])parent  to  the  observer,  that  a 
decided  majority  of  her  people  believed  honestly  in  the  abstract 
right  of  a  state  to  secede,  and  avast  majority  were  firmly  opposed 
to  the  attempt  to  coerce  the  people  of  the  state  to  remain  under 
the  control  of  a  federative  government  which  had  become  unac- 
ceptable to  them.  Nearly  all  classes  of  public  men,  nearly  all 
classes  of  private  citizens,  held  firmly — as  a  cardinal  principle 
of  political  faith — the  soundness  of  doctrine  of  the  celebrated 
Kentucky  Resolutions  of  1798-9  [see  page  401];  which,  in  sub- 
stance, declared  that  each  state  was  the  final  judge  of  the  remedies 
it  should  pursue,  when  aggrieved  by  the  action  either  of  the  fed- 
eral government  or  of  the  allied  states.  Basing  upon  that  prin- 
ciple of  political  faith  ;  and  upon  that  other  principle  which  had 
become  a  political  axiom — that  no  government  ought  to  exist  save 
by  consent,  freely  given,  of  the  governed;  they  almost  unani- 
mously drew  the  corollary,  that  when  the  people  of  a  state  became 
convinced  that  the  federal  union  no  longer  protected  and  guarded 
them  and  their  rights,  they  had — as  a  state — an  unchallengeable 
right  to  withdraw  from  it.  To  attempt  to  compel  them  by  physi- 
cal force  to  remain  in  such  a  government  was  a  crime  against 
which  any  republican  heart  and  intellect  revolted.  They,  as  a 
people,  undoubtedly  believed  that   the   action  of  the   southern 


OUTLINE   HISTORY.  337 

states  in  seceding  was  unwise  and  ill-advised ;  but  the  abstract 
right  they  did  not  controvert. 

For  many  preceding  years,  the  militia  laws  of  Kentucky  had 
become  ])ractically  obsolete,  or  expired  by  limitation  of  enact- 
ment. With  the  exception  of  a  few  independent  companies, 
there  was  no  military  organization  in  the  state.  The  legisla- 
ture having  assembled,  December  6,  1859,  Governor  Magoifin, 
in  his  message  to  the  two  houses,  calmly  and  temperately  but 
earnestly  called  attention  to  the  threatening  condition  of  national 
affairs,  and  urged  a  prompt  and  efficient  reorganization  of  the  mi- 
litia, and  prepai-ation  for  any  emergency  which  might  arise;  but 
emphatically  and  eloquently  expressed  his  devotion  to  the  Union, 
and  his  hope  of  its  preservation.*  December  8th,  the  house  con- 
stituted a  committee  on  federal  relations,  composed  of  Messrs. 
Geo.  B.  Hodge,  Nat.  Wolfe,  L.  D.  Husbands,  John  M.  Kice, 
Curtis  F.  Burnam,  Shelby  Coifey,  jr.,  and  Jas.  G.  'Leach,  with 
power  to  send  for  persons  and  ])apers,  and  with  instructions  to 
meet  and  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  to  take  into  consideration  all 
matters  pertaining  to  federal  relations,  and  to  report  their  opin- 
ions thereon.f  On  the  21st,  the  chairman  reported  a  series  of 
resolutions,!  which,  after  earnest  and  animated  discussion  extend- 
ing through  many  days,  were,  substantially,  adopted  on  January 
12,  1860. §  These  resolutions  declared  in  substance:  1. — The 
right  of  the  people  of  any  state  to  emigrate  to  the  public  domain, 
to  carry  there  their  property  of  any  kind  and  description,  and  to 
be  protected  in  that  enjoyment  so  long  as  the  territorial  status  ex- 
isted. 2. — Protested  against  the  common  government  making,  in 
its  legislation,  a  discrimination  against  the  property  of  any  of  the 
states.  3. — Claimed  that  Congress  was  bound  to  enact  all  need- 
ful legislation  for  the  protection  of  such  property  in  the  territo- 
ries. 4. — They  believed  and  hoped  the  remedies  provided  by  the 
constitution  and  the  laws  in  force  were  at  present  adequate  to  such 
protection.  5,  6,  and  7. — Expressed  the  devotion  of  Kentucky 
to  the  Union,  the  hope  that  it  would  be  maintained,  and  their  de- 
termination to  abide  by  the  opinion  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States  and  the  principles  settled  in  the  Dred  Scott  decis- 
ion. 8. — Endorsed  the  administration  of  President  Buchanan  as 
wise,  patriotic,  and  faithful. 

The  house,  by  a  unanimous  vote,  adopted  the  1st,  2d,  3d,  5th, 
6th,  and  7th  resolutions:  the  4th  by  a  vote  of  54  to  39;  and 
the  8th,  by  52  to  39. 

It  is  a  remarkable  circumstance  that  the  4th  resolution || — which 
declared  that  the  people  of  Kentucky  believed  the  protection  af- 
forded by  the  constitution  and  the  decision  of  the  supreme  federal 
court  adequate,  and  that  until  the  contingency  arose  manifesting 
that  this  protection  was  inadequate,  it  was  the  part  of  wise,  patriotic 
and  conservative  states  to  refrain  from  demanding  of  the  Federal 

*  House  Journal,  1859-60,  p.  40.       tSame,  p.  68.        tSame,  pp.  171-2-3. 
§  House  Journal,  18-59-60,  pp.  275  to  285.  ||Same,  p.  282. 

I. ..22 


338  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

congress  legislation  for  the  protection  of  peculiar  or  specific 
property — on  its  passage  was  voted  for  by  the  entire  secession 
wing  of  tlie  house  (as  it  was  afterwards  called),  and  opposed  by 
the  entire  Union  wing  of  the  house.  Almost  to  a  man,  the  af- 
firmative voters  became  Confederate  supporters,  many  serving  in 
the  armies  of  the  Confederate  States;  and,  with  only  two  or  three 
exceptions,  the  negative  voters  sustained  the  Federal  cause,  and 
became  active  participators  in  the  measures  afterwards  inaugurated 
to  secure  its  success  in  Kentucky. 

On  the  8th  day  of  January,  1860,  the  Democratic  convention 
assembling  in  Frankfort  for  the  nomination  of  delegates  to  the 
ensuing  national  convention,  adopted  this  same  4th  resolution  of 
the  house  of  representatives  as  a  part  of  their  platform  ;*  declared 
the  confidence  with  which  the  Democratic  party  would  appeal  to 
the  ballot-box  ;  their  firm  adherence  to  the  doctrine  that  the  public 
domain  was  the  common  property  of  the  people  of  all  the  states, 
and  as  such  open  to  their  emigration ;  and  that,  while  in  their 
territorial  status,  all  property  carried  there  by  emigrants  ought  to 
be  protected  by  the  general  government. 

The  Bell  and  Douglas  parties  having  fused  in  Kentucky,  as- 
sembled in  Louisville,  January  8,  1861,  and  appointed  an  execu- 
tive committee,  which,  in  April  succeeding,  published  an  address 
to  the  people  of  Kentucky.  Referring  to  Governor  Magoffin's 
reply  to  the  call  upon  Kentucky  to  furnish  her  quota  of  the 
76,000  men  demanded  by  President  Lincoln  to  suppress  the 
south,  in  which  he  said,  "  I  say,  emphatically,  that  Kentucky  will 
furnish  no  troops  for  the  wicked  purpose  of  subduing  her  sister 
Southern  States,"  they  say,  "  We  approve  the  resjionse  of  the  ex- 
ecutive of  the  commonwealth,"  and  again,  "The  government  of 
the  Union  has  appealed  to  Kentucky  to  furnish  men  to  suppress 
the  revolutionary  combination  of  the  Southern  States;  she  has  most 
wisely  and  justly  refused ;  "  and  again,  "  What  the  future  of  Ken- 
tucky may  be  we  can  not  with  certainty  foresee,  but  if  the  enter- 
prise announced  in  the  proclamation  of  the  president  sliall  at  any 
time  hereafter  assume  the  aspect  of  a  war  for  the  overrunning 
and  subjugation  of  the  seceding  states,  through  the  full  assertion 
therein  of  the  national  jurisdiction  by  a  standing  military  force, 
we  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  Kentucky  should  promptly  un- 
sheath  the  sword  in  what  will  have  then  become  the  common 
cause."t 

By  an  act  of  the  legislature  approved  March  5,  1860,1  the  mi- 
litia of  the  state  was  directed  to  be  thoroughly  organized,  and  di- 
vided into  three  classes  as  follows:  1.  The  active  or  volunteer 
militia  (the  state  guards) ;  2.  The  enrolled  militia  ;  3.  The  mi- 
litia of  the  reserve.  Provision  was  made  for  organizing  the  mi- 
litia into  companies,  regiments  and  brigades.  An  inspector  gen- 
eral was  created,  to  have  especial  charge  of  the  active  militia  or 

*Frankfort  Yeoman,  January  16,  1860.  't  Ante,  pp.  87,  88. 

t  Acts  1859-60,  vol.  i,  pp.  142-171. 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  339 

state  guard.  The  passage  of  this  law,  and  the  threatening  aspect 
of  national  affairs,  stimulated  the  organization  of  volunteer  com- 
panies ;  and  several  regiments  were  formed  in  different  parts  of 
the  state,  which  applied  themselves  to  acquiring  a  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  the  drill  and  evolutions.  This  made  them,  when  hostili- 
ties commenced,  among  the  most  efficient  troops  in  the  west. 

Simon  B.  Buckner,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  a  graduate  of  West 
Point,  and  a  retired  officer  of  the  United  States  army,  was  ap- 
pointed inspector  general,  with  the  rank  of  major  general. 
Thomas  L.  Crittenden,  a  son  of  senator  John  J.  Crittenden,  be- 
came a  brigadier  general  of  the  state  guard ;  and  Lloyd  Tighl- 
raan  (also  a  West  Point  graduate)  and  Roger  W.  Hanson,  colo- 
nels. These  all,  with  many  others  filling  subordinate  positions 
in  the  state  guard,  became  prominent  in  the  civil  war;  and  many 
of  them  fell  in  battle. 

In  the  spring  of  1860,  the  legislature  of  Ohio  invited  the  leg- 
islatures and  government  officials  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  to 
visit  Columbus,  the  capital  of  Oliio — in  the  hope  that  the  social 
commingling  of  these  representative  bodies,  with  contiguous  con- 
stituencies, would  conduce  to  harmony  and  peace.  The  invita- 
tion was  accepted,  and  the  occasion  brought  out  profuse  expres- 
sions of  devotion  to  the  Union,  and  sentiments  of  undoubted 
loyalty  to  the  federal  government.  Its  only  practical  effect  was 
for  a  time  to  conceal  with  festal  wreaths  the  ghastly  skeleton  of 
fraternal  strife.  The  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln  in  November,  1860, 
as  has  been  before  said,  resulted  almost  immediately  in  the  seces- 
sion of  South  Carolina  and  the  Gulf  states. 

Governor  Magoffin  convened  the  legislature  in  extraordinary 
session,  on  the  17th  of  January,  1861,*  and  sent  to  it  a  message 
reciting  the  grave  events  which  had  followed  each  other  in  start- 
ling rapidity;  expressing  his  emphatic  disapproval  of  any  attempt 
on  the  part  of  the  federal  government  to  coerce  the  seceding  states 
back  into  the  Union ;  asking  the  legislature  to  declare  such  to  be 
the  sentiment  of  the  people  of  Kentucky ;  recommending  appro- 
priation at  once  for  efficiently  arming  and  increasing  the  state 
guard ;  recommending  steps  to  call  a  convention  of  the  border 
states ;  and  suggesting  to  the  legislature  the  election  of  delegates 
to  a  convention,  at  an  early  day,  ^o  whom  should  be  referred,  for 
full  and  final  determination,  the  future  federal  and  inter-state 
I'elation  of  Kentucky. 

On  tlie  19th  of  Januarj',  Mr.  Hodge,  of  Campbell  county,  of- 
fered a  series  of  resolutions  in  the  house  of  representatives,f  ex- 
pressive of  the  grief  felt  by  the  people  of  Kentucky  at  the  dangers 
which  threatened  the  federal  union,  their  determination  not  to 
abandon  the  hope  that  it  might  yet  be  preserved,  their  ap])eal  to 
the  states  of  the  south  to  suspend  any  and  every  action  tending  to 
further  secession,  proposing  the  Crittenden  resolutions  as  a  basis 
of  settlement  of  existing  difficulties,  and  asking  the  states  which 

*  House  Journal,  1861,  pp.  5-32.         f  House  Journal,  1866,  p.  52-53. 


340  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

had  not  seceded  to  take  the  sense  of  their  people  upon  them  ;  for 
the  appointment  of  commissioners  to  wait  upon  the  governors  of 
the  resjjective  states,  and  lay  the  foregoing  propositions  before 
them;  and,  finally,  that  if,  by  May  1,  1861,  two-thirds  of  the 
states  shall  not  have  united  in  a  call  upon  congress  to  assemble  a 
convention  to  provide  for  amendments  to  the  constitution,  then 
the  governor  of  Kentucky  should  issue  his  proclamation  for  a  vote 
upon  the  question,  "Shall  there  be  a  convention  of  the  people?'' 
If  a  majority  of  the  votes  of  the  state  as  fixed  by  the  auditor's 
report  of  1859  should  be  cast  in  the  affirmative,  he  should  issue 
his  proclamation  for  an  election  of  delegates  to  a  state  conven- 
tion, to  determine  and  designate  the  position  Kentucky  should 
occupy;  but  its  action  should  not  be  autlioritative  or  binding, 
until  ratified  at  the  jjoUs  by  a  majority  of  those  thus  author- 
ized to  vote.     Referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations. 

But  this  and  every  other  effort  for  an  appeal  to  the  people,  was 
steaili'iy  resisted  ;  the  op])onents  of  it  and  kindred  propositions 
denying  the  right  of  the  state  to  secede  from  tlie  Union,  under 
any  circumstances;  and  claiming  specially  that,  by  tiie  organic 
law  of  the  state,  no  convention  of  the  people  could  be  legally 
called  save  in  the  manner  jirovided  therein,  which  of  necessity 
extended  the  requisite  steps  over  a  period  of  seven  years. 

The  advocates  of  a  convention  insisted,  on  the  other  hand,  that 
the  country  was  in  the  midst  of  a  revolution  ;  that  no  provision 
having  been  made  for  such  a  contingency,  the  great  fact  of  the 
sovereignty  of  the  people  was  paramount ;  that  the  sj)etdiest  mode 
to  exercise  that  sovereignty,  was  that  which  common  sense  and 
imperative  necessity  dictated;  that  however  great  the  calamities 
which  war  between  the  states  would  inflict  upon  Kentucky,  yet 
an  intestine,  domestic,  neighborhood  strife  was  more  horrible 
still ;  that,  holding  above  all  other  allegiance  the  allegiance  due 
to  the  state  itself — as  all  the  people  of  Kentucky  had  hitherto 
done — the  action  of  the  people  authoritatively  expressed  in  a  con- 
vention assembled  for  that  specific  purpose  would,  whatever  might 
be  the  private  inclinations,  wishes  or  hopes  of  the  individual,  de- 
termine his  conduct,  and  unite  the  whole  people;  that,  while  many 
of  them  gave  the  South  their  sympathies,  and  desired  to  add  their 
ardent  support,  yet  if  the  state ^n  its  sovereign  capacity  cast  her 
lot  with  the  federal  Union,  the  duty  of  every  citizen  would  be 
made  plain,  viz.:  to  acquiesce  in  that  determination,  and  rest  the 
responsibility  of  his  action — where  it  clearly  ought  to  rest — with 
the  sovereign. 

On  the  21st  of  January,  1861,  Geo.  W.  Ewing,  of  Logan 
county,  offered  in  the  house  of  representatives  two  resolutions, 
reciting — 1.  That  the  general  assembly  had  heard  with  profound 
regret  of  the  resolutions  of  the  states  of  New  York,  Ohio,  Maine, 
and  Massachusetts,  tendering  to  the  President  men  and  money  to 
be  used  in  coercing  sovereign  states  of  the  South  into  obedience  to 
the  federal  government;  and,  2.  Declaring,  and  .so  notifying  them, 
that  when  those  states  should  send  armed  forces  to  the  South  for 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  341 

such  purpose,  "the  people  of  Kentucky,  uniting  with  their  breth- 
ren of  the  South,  will  as  one  man  resist  such  invasion  of  the  soil 
of  the  South,  at  all  hazards  and  to  the  last  extremity."  The  first 
resolutiou  passed  unanimously,  and  the  second  by  a  vote  of  87  for 
and  only  6  against  it.* 

Beyond  this  expression  of  opinion  the  legislature  declined  to  go. 
It  provided,  Jan.  29,  1861,  for  the  appointment  of  commission- 
ers to  the  peace  conference  at  Washington  city,  viz.:  William  O. 
Butler,  James  B.  Clay,  Joshua  F.  Bell,  Charles  S.  Morehead, 
Charles  A.  Wickliffe,  and  James  Guthrie,  who  took  their  seats  in 
the  conference.  The  deliberations  of  that  body,  as  is  well  known — 
although  generally  composed  of  the  ablest  men  in  twenty-one 
states  (not  including  the  cotton  states),  and  sitting  from  Feb.  4  to 
Feb.  27 — resulted  in  the  accomplishment  of  nothing. 

The  Kentucky  legislature  adjourned  April  5th,  1861 — having 
made  no  appropriation  for  arming  the  state  and  having  decided 
on  no  course  of  action.  Governor  MagofBn  by  proclamation 
called  it  together  again  on  May  6th,  1861,  and  again  urged  the 
necessity  of  arming  the  state  and  taking  a  decisive  stand.  The 
legislature  appropriated  $750,000  to  arm  the  state;  and  provided 
for  borrowing  $1,060,000,  placed  the  control  of  its  disbursement 
in  the  hands  of  five  commissioners  [see  ante,  p.  91]  of  whom  the 
governor  was  one ;  required  that  the  arms  purchased  should  be 
equally  distributed  to  tlie  state  guard,  and  to  another  organization 
they  provided  for  and  called  the  iiome  guards;  but  expressly  stip- 
ulated that  the  arms  should  not  be  used  against  eitlier.  the  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  or  that  of  the  Confederate  States,  except 
to  repel  invasion.  It  also  enacted  that  the  next  legislature  should 
convene  on  the  1st  Monday  in  September,  1861,  and  on  the  24tb 
of  May,  1861,  adjourned. 

The  legislature  had  done  nothing  to  prepare  the  state  for  the 
awful  ordeal  which  was  before  her — save  to  provide  a  few  arms ; 
half  of'which  were  distributed  to  the  state  guard,  and  subsequently 
passed  into  the  southern  armies,  and  half  of  which  were  distrib- 
uted to  home  guards  and  were  used  exclusively  in  aid  of  the  Fed- 
eral government ;  and  yet  in  no  deliberative  or  parliamentary  body 
in  the  whole  country  had  the  exciting  questions  of  the  day  been 
more  earnestly  or  more  fully  discussed.  The  legislature  had  been 
in  session  almost  continuously  during  a  year  and  a  half.  There 
was  not  a  day  nor  an  hour  during  that  long  deliberation,  in  which 
these  questions  did  not  press  themselves  persistently  for  settlement. 
No  member  but  was  impressed  with  their  all-pervading  importance; 
and  with  all  the  earnestness,  eloquence  and  ardor  manifesting  them- 
selves in  the  numerous  debates,  there  was  no  interruptions  of  kindly 
relations.  The  ties  of  personal  friendship  remained  unbroken  to 
the  end.  When  the  final  session  closed,  as  its  members  parted,  and 
clasped  hands  in  adieu,  they  bade  each  other  God  speed — well  know- 
ing that  commissions  in  the  Federal  army  were  already  signed  for 

*  House  Journal,  called  seseion  1861,  pp.  69,  70,  71. 


342  OUTLINE   HISTORY. 

many,  and  tliat  for  many  more  Confederate  soldiers  were  waiting 
as  leaders;  knowing,  too,  that  when  they  met  again  to  argue  the 
question,  it  would  be  at  the  assize  of  blood,  and  be  decided  by 
wager  of  battle. 

The  legislature  was  but  a  type  and  exponent  of  the  differences 
of  feeling  among  the  people  all  over  the  state.  In  almost  every 
family,  certainly  in  every  neighborhood,  the  solemn  election  was 
being  made.  Toi)Ographical  position,  or  peculiarity  of  property, 
seemed  to  have  no  influence  in  the  decision.  The  planters  of  the 
tobacco  region,  cultivating  their  fields  exclusively  by  slave  labor, 
turned  their  backs  upon  their  plantations  and  went  to  range  them- 
selves in  the  ranks  of  the  Federal  army  ;  while  from  the  northern 
border,  entirely  denuded  of  its  slave  population,  men  who  had 
never  owned  a  slave  and  whose  most  valuable  possessions  lay  in 
Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  committed  their  families  to  God's 
keeping,  and  rode  away  into  the  southern  lines.  They  felt  that 
it  was  their  fate ;  that  the  crisis  was  upon  them  and  must  be  met. 
They  would  willingly,  nay  gladly,  have  avoided  it;  but  it  was 
here;  and  each  heart,  disregarding  all  other  considerations,  nerved 
itself  according  to  its  own  earnest  promptings  to  do  its  duty. 

The  impulse  which  influenced  the  legislature  to  attach  to  the 
bill  arming  the  state  the  proviso  that  the  arms  should  only  be 
used  to  defend  the  state  against  invasion,  was  the  desire  to  main- 
tain a  neutral  position  ;  and  so  hold  the  state,  that  while  the 
storm  swept  wildly  around  her,  she  should  not  be  drawn  into  the 
vortex.     Vain  delusion  ! 

Early  in  August,  1861,  the  Federal  government  through  the  in- 
strumentality of  William  Nelson — a  Kentuckian  by  birth,  who 
had  been  a  naval  officer  from  his  boyhood,  but  was  now  commis- 
sioned by  President  Lincoln  as  brigadier  general — introduced 
large  quantities  of  arms  into  Kentucky,  distributed  them  to  the 
home  guards,  and  secretly  enlisted  men  and  formed  a  camp  in 
the  east  center  of  the  state,  between  Nicholasville  and  Danville, 
known  as  Camp  Dick  Eobinson.  Sept.  3,  the  Confederate  States, 
regarding  this  as  a  violation  of  the  assumed  neutrality  of  Ken- 
tucky, occupied  Columbus,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  twenty  miles 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  The  more  active  partisans  of 
each  cause  immediately  began  to  take  decisive  positions.  The 
regiment  of  state  guards,  commanded  by  Col.  Roger  W.  Han- 
son, at  once  repaired  to  Camp  Boone,  in  northern  Tennessee, 
and  upon  that  as  a  nucleus  gathered  detached  companies  and 
battalions  of  the  same  force — forming  themselves  into  the  organ- 
ization known  during  the  war  as  the  2nd,  3rd,  4th,  and  5th  Ken- 
tucky regiments.  They  were  joined  soon  by  the  batallion  com- 
manded by  Lloyd  Tighlman,  and  a  force  commanded  by  Col. 
Wm.  D.  Lannom,  late  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  as- 
sembly. Simon  B.  Buckner,  the  commander  of  the  state  guard, 
repaired  to  their  camp,  was  commissioned  by  the  Confederate 
States  brigadier  general,  and  took  command  of  them.  Thomas 
L.  Crittenden,  brigadier  general  in  the  state  guard,  took  service 


OUTLINE  HISTORY  343 

in  the  Federal  army.  John  H.  Morgan,  a  captain  in  the  slate 
guard,  mounted  his  company  as  cavalry  and  repaired  to  Buckner. 
John  C.  Breckinridge,  then  a  senator  from  Kentucky  in  the 
United  States  congress,  resigned  his  seat,  and  with  Col.  Wm. 
Preston,  Col.  John  S.  Williams,  George  AV.  Johnson,  and  George 
B.  Hodge,  (late  a  member  of  the  lower  house,)  passed  through 
Pound  Gap  and  joined  the  southern  army.  Richard  T.  Jacob 
and  Oscar  H.  Burbridge,  late  of  the  house,  and  Walter  C.  Whit- 
aker  and  Lovell  H.  Rousseau,  late  of  the  senate,  took  service  at 
once  in  the  Federal  army,  and  were  zealous  supporters  of  the 
Union  cause  throughout  the  war.  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  Jr.,  sec- 
retary of  state,  became  major  of  the  4th  Kentucky  i-egiment  in 
the  Confederate  army. 

As  lias  been  said,  the  same  division  of  sentiment  manifested  it- 
self throughout  th«  entire  state.  The  sympathizers  with  the  Con- 
federate cause  did  not  contest,  to  any  considerable  extent,  the 
election  of  August,  1861  ;  consequently,  the  snpporters  of  the 
Federal  government  were  largely  in  the  ascendant  in  the  next 
legislature.  Indeed,  many  southern  sympathizers  who  were 
elected  did  not  take  tiieir  seats  at  all,  but  connected  themselves 
with  either  the  military  or  civil  branches  of  the  Confederate 
service. 

The  newly  elected  legislature  assembled  on  Sept.  2,  1861.  On 
the  5th,  Gov.  Magoffin,  in  his  message,  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that  the  Federal  government  had  forced  armed  camps  into  Ken- 
tucky, and  seized  by  military  violence  the  property  of  her  citi- 
zens ;  he  had  remonstrated  with  the  Federal  authorities,  and  so- 
licited them  to  respect  the  position  of  neutrality  which  Kentucky 
had  assumed.  He  enclosed  copies  of  his  correspondence  with  the 
president  of  the  United  States  and  the  president  of  the  Confed- 
erate States  (both  of  them  natives  of  Kentucky).  On  the  same 
day,  he  informed  the  two  houses  that  he  had  received  advices 
that  on  the  night  of  Sept.  3d,  the  forces  of  the  Confederate  States 
had  occupied  Columbus.  On  the  14th,  a  resolution  passed  the 
house,  by  71  to  26,  "  instructing  Gov.  Magoffin  to  inform  those 
concerned  that  Kentucky  expects  the  Confederate  troops  to  be 
withdrawn  from  her  soil  unconditionally."  A  motion  to  dispense 
with  the  rule  of  the  house,  to  allow  a  resolution  to  be  offered, 
making  the  same  request  as  to  Federal  troops,  was  rejected  by  the 
same  vote.*     For  a  recital  of  detail,  see  ante,  pages  93-95. 

The  legislature  continued  to  sustain  the  Federal  government, 
as  the  war  progressed  ;  and  the  intention  of  the  dominant  party 
in  the  Federal  government  to  subdue  the  south,  even  at  the  cost 
of  the  abolition  of  slavery  there  and  in  Kentucky,  became  more 
manifest.  Earnest  remonstrances  and  determined  opposition,  by 
resolution,  were  made  in  both  branches  of  the  legislature  ;  but  as 
an  integral  portion  of  the  government  of  Kentucky,  it  finally 
yielded  to  the  tide,  and  voted  both  men  and  money  in  unstinted 

*  House  Journal,  1801-62-C3,  pp.  82-83. 


344  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

lavishness.  It  would  be  unjust  to  believe  that  the  conservative 
Union  men,  who  in  the  first  months  of  the  conflict  so  loudly  ex- 
pressed their  determination  to  remain  neutral,  and  to  resist  every 
effort  to  drag  Kentucky  into  the  war  as  an  active  partiti]>ant, 
were  insincere.  In  making  those  declarations,  th'ey  doubtless 
spoke  frankly  the  sentiments  which  really  animated  them.  But 
they  did  not  foresee  what  was  apparent  to  the  states-rights  party — 
that  in  the  tremendous  upheaval  about  to  take  place,  there  was 
no  half-way  position ;  that  the  immense  proportions  the  war  was 
to  assume,  would  entirely  engulf,  within  the  one  channel  or  the 
other,  all  the  social  elements  of  the  entire  country. 

Nor  would  it  be  just  to  doubt  that,  had  Kentucky  possessed 
the  ability,  she  would  have  remained,  as  a  commonwealth,  neutral. 
She  was  powerless  to  do  so.  Her  legislature  had  adjourned  in 
April,  as  has  been  seen,  making  no  provision  for  her  defense  or 
organized  resistance.  Her  topographical  position  rendered  a  foot- 
hold upon  her  territory  of  vital  importance  to  the  military  move- 
ments of  both  the  powerful  contending  parties.  Within  two 
weeks  of  that  adjournment,  the  battle  of  Manassas,  or  Bull  Run, 
had  placed  beyond  the  contingency  of  a  doubt  or  skepticism  the 
fact  that  war — and  war  on  a  scale  rarely  paralleled  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  world — was  inaugurated.  In  the  determination 
evinced  throughout  the  entire  north  to  subjugate  the  south,  and 
in  the  death  grapple  in  which  the  Confederate  States  felt  them- 
selves engaged,  the  claim  of  Kentucky  to  remain  neutral  was  not 
to  be  regarded  for  an  instant,  if  she  were  powerless  to  maintain 
that  neutrality.  Of  what  might  have  been  the  result,  had  she 
been  prepared,  in  August,  1861,  with  one  hundred  thousand  of 
her  gallant  sons,  armed  and  organized  in  the  field,  guarding  her 
frontiers  and  ready  to  hurl  back  invasion  whencesoever  it  came, 
it  is  bootless  now  to  speculate.  Proclamations  and  pronuncia- 
mentoes  are  but  futile  defenses  against  bayonets  and  batteries. 

It  is  the  province  of  this  history  to  state  facts  as  they  occurred, 
[see  pages  83  to  165,  ante];  not  lo  draw  conclusions  or  to  argue 
questions.  Posterity,  upon  those  facts,  must  make  up  the  verdict, 
and  pronounce  judgment  upon  the  record. 

Gov.  Magoffin,  convinced  that  the  sentiments  of  a  large  ma- 
jority of  the  legislature  were  bitterly  opposed  to  his,  and  his 
capacities  for  usefulness  to  the  people  thereby  utterly  destroyed, 
on  the  16th  of  August,  186'2,  tendered  his  resignation  as  governor, 
to  take  effect  on  the  18th.*  James  F.  Robinson,  speaker  of  the 
senate,  became,  by  constitutional  provision,  his  successor.  Even 
as  the  change  was  taking  place,  the  veteran  legions  of  the  Con- 
federate army,  under  Gen.  Bragg — their  front  curtained  by  the 
wild  riders  of  Morgan's  cavalry — were  rushing  upon  the  capital; 
and  the  legislature,  on  Sunday,!  August  31,  1862,  in  hot  haste 
adjourned  its  sittings,  and  removed  the  archives  and  the  para- 
phernalia of  the  state  government    to    Louisville.     It  was   an 

»  Ante,  p.  108.  t  Same,  p.  110. 


OUTLINE  HISTOKY.  345 

almost  nnprecedenteil  instance  of  a  parliament  holding  its  sittings 
on  Sunday;  but  the  members,  doubtless,  felt  it  was  a  time  "to 
stand  not  on  the  order  of  their  going,  but  to  go  at  once."  Bragg 
took  possession  of  Frankfort,  and  all  the  country  south  and  west 
of  it;  and  on  the  4th  of  October,  1862,  at  the  head  of  over 
30,000  Confederate  troops,  and  in  presence  of  a  large  assembly  of 
citizens,  in  the  State  House  grounds,  inaugurated  Richard  Hawes 
as  governor  of  Kentucky.  The  closing  sentences  of  Gov.  Hawes' 
inaugural  address  had  not  died  upon  the  ear,  when  the  roar  of 
the  guns  of  the  Federal  army,  advancing  under  Gen.  Buell,  were 
heard,  and  his  cavalry  charged  up  to  the  bridge  over  Kentucky 
river.     Gov.  Hawes  retired  to  Lexington. 

A  volume  of  recital  could  not  convey  to  the  minds  of  future 
readers  a  more  vivid  picture  of  the  condition  Kentucky  was  in, 
than  the  simple  record  of  these  incidents. 

While  these  events  were  transpiring  at  the  state  capital,  and 
in  the  northern  portion  of  the  state,  the  states-rights  men,  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  state,  had  not  been  inactive.  Gen.  S.  B. 
Buckner,  in  November,  1861,  had  advanced  at  the  head  of  the 
bodv  of  Kentuckians  previously  gathered  at  Camp  Boone  in 
Tennessee,  and  occupied  Bowling  Green.  He  was  soon  followed 
by  a  Confederate  army  under  command  of  Gen.  Albert  Sidney 
Johnston.  Bowling  Green  was  fortified,  and  the  Confederate 
advance  posts  pushed  up  the  south  bank  of  Green  river;  while 
the  Confederate  cavalry  swept  the  country,  east  and  west,  and 
made  frequent  dashes  across  that  stream  into  the  country  occupied 
by  the  Federal  army  under  Gen.  Buell,  lying  in  its  cantonments 
from  the  north  bank  of  Green  river  to  Louisville. 

But  the  people  of  Kentucky  were  not  only  agitated  by  the 
conflicting  claims  of  a  paramount  sovereignty  between  the  Federal 
government  and  the  state  government  located  at  Frankfort. 
Another  claimant  to  sovereignty  presented  itself,  and  not  only 
claimed  to  exercise,  but  did  exercise,  in  many  of  the  southern 
counties  of  the  state,  for  a  time,  all  the  power  and  authority  of  a 
state  government.  A  call  was  published,  summoning  the  jieople 
of  Kentucky  to  organize  a  government.  A  convention  of  per- 
sons, claiming  to  be  delegates  from  all  the  counties  not  under 
control  of  the  Federal  armies,  assembled  at  Russellville,  Logan 
county,  on  December  18,  1861,  and  after  adopting  a  constitution, 
which  they  proclaimed  as  the  organic  law  of  the  state,  proceeded  to 
elect  Geo.  W.  Johnson,  of  Scott  county,  provisional  governor,  and 
also  ten  citizens  of  Kentucky  as  an  executive  council,  as  follows: 

1.  WillisB.Machen,  of  Lyon  CO.,  PrciV.  7.  Hor.itio  W.  Bruce,  of  Louisville. 

2.  John  W.  Crockett,  of  Henderson  CO.     8.  Ely  M.  Bruce,  of  Nicholas  co. 

3.  Philip  B.  Thompson,  of  Mercer  co.     9.  .las.  W.  Moore,  of  Montgomery  co. 

4.  James  P.  Bates,  of  Warren  co.         10.  George  B.  Hodge,  of  Campbell  co., 

5.  James  S.  Chrisman,  of  Wayne  co.  who  resigned,  and  was  succeeded 

6.  Elijah    Burnside,  of  Garrard  co.  by  Samuel  S.  Scott,  of  Boone  co. 

In  this  body  was  provisionally  vested  all  the  legislative  and 
executive  authority  of  the  state.     The  convention  also  designated 


346  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

Henry  C.  Burnett,  Wm.  Preston,  and  Wni.E.  Simins  as  commis- 
sioners to  negotiate  an  alliance  with  the  Confederate  States.  As 
the  result  of  that  negotiation,  Kentucky  was  admitted  into  the 
Confederacy,  Dee.  10th,  1861,  by  the  following  ordinance: 

'^An  act  for  the  admission  of  the  State  of  Kentucky  into  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  as  a  member  thereof. 
"Sec.  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America  do  enact,  that 
the  state  of  Kentucky  be  and  is  hereby  admitted  a  member  of  the  Confed- 
erate States  of  America,  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  other  states  of  the 
Confederacy.  Approved,  Dec.  10,  1861." 

The  following  were  elected  as  representatives  or  members  of 
the  Provisional  Congress  from  Kentucky : 

1.  Henry  C.  Burnett,         5.   Daniel  P.  White,  8.  Thos.  B.  Monroe,  sen., 

2.  John  Thomas,  6.  Thomas  .Johnson,  9.  John  M.  Elliott, 

3.  Theodore  L.  Burnett,    7.  Samuel  H.  Ford,  10.  George  B.  Hodge, 
i.  Geo.  Washington  Ewing, 

The  council  divided  the  state  of  Kentucky  into  twelve  con- 
gressional districts,  and  provided  for  an  election  by  the  state  at 
large  of  persons  to  represent  these  districts  in  the  first  permanent 
Congress  of  the  Confederate  States.  Voting  places  were  provided 
for,  and  on  the  designated  day  an  election  was  held  in  all  the 
counties  within  the  lines  of  the  Confederate  army,  resulting  in 
the  choice  of  the  following  : 

1.  Willis  B.  Machen,  5.  James  S.  Chrisman,  9.  Ely  M.  Bruce, 

2.  John  W.  Crockett,  6.  Theodore  L.  Burnett,  10.  James  W.  Moore, 

3.  Henry  E.  Read,  7.   Horatio  W.  Bruce,  11.  R.J.  Breckinridge, jr., 

4.  Geo. Wash' ton  Ewing,  8.  George  B.  Hodge"^  12.  John  M.  Elliott." 

These  gentlemen  took  their  seats  in  the  congress  of  the  Confed- 
erate states  at  Richmond,  and  continued  to  act  with  that  body  until 
their  successors  in  the  2d  permanent  Congress  of  the  Confederate 
States  were  elected  by  the  Kentucky  troops  in  the  Confederate 
armies — none  of  them  at  the  time  being  within  the  boundaries  of 
Kentucky.     The  members  were  : 

1.  Willis  B.  Machen,  5.  James  S.  Chrisman,  9.  Ely  M.  Bruce, 

2.  Geo.  W.  Triplett,  6.  Theodore  L.  Burnett,  10.  James  W.  Moore, 

3.  Henry  E.  Read,  7.  Horatio  W.  Bruce,  11.  Benj.  F.  Bradley, 

4.  Geo.Wash' ton  Ewing,  8.  Humphrey  Marshall,  12.  John  M,  Elliott. 

The  legislative  council  elected  Henry  C.  Burnett,  of  Trigg 
count}',  and  William  E.  Simms,  of  Bourbon  county,  senators  to 
serve  in  the  Confederate  senate  for  six  years.  By  the  1st  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1862,  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  whose  army  had  lain 
during  the  months  of  December  and  January  in  and  around  Bow- 
ling Green,  discovered  that  a  large  Federal  force  was  moving,  by 
way  of  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland  rivers,  to  attack  Forts 
Donelson  and  Henry,  which  were  located  near  where  the  dividing 
line  between  the  states  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  crosses  those 
rivers.  Gen.  Buell's  army  meanwhile  confronted  him  on  the 
Green  river.     He  detached  Buckner's,  Floyd's,  and  Pillow's  di- 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  347 

visions,  and  sent  them  to  the  aid  of  the  garrisons  of  those  places ; 
and  on  the  1st  of  February,  broke  up  his  camps  and  retreated 
-with  his  entire  force  to  Nashville.  Gen.  George  B.  Crittenden, 
commanding  the  right  wing  of  the  Confederate  force,  liad  been 
defeated,  Jan.  19th,  by  the  Federal  Gen.  Thomas  at  Fishing 
Creek,  or  Mill  Spring,  in  the  eastern  part  of  tlie  state,  and  re- 
treated on  Murfreesboro.  Fort  Henry  fell  on  the  6th  and  Fort 
Donelson  on  the  16th  of  February,  and  the  entire  garrisons  and 
a  great  part  of  the  relieving  force  sent  by  Johnston  were  ca[)tured. 
Gen.  Joluiston,  eifecting  junction  with  Crittenden  at  Murfreesboro, 
retreated  south,  crossing  the  Tennessee  river  at  Decatur,  moved 
over  to  Corinth,  and  there  received  the  forces  of  Gen.  Polk,  who 
had  evacuated  Columbus,  Ky.,  on  the  1st  of  March  ;  and  the  three 
united  armies  fought  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  April  6  and  7,  1862. 

The  provisional  government  of  Kentucky  had  retired  with  the 
army,  and  at  Shiloh  the  provisional  governor,  George  W.  John- 
son, fell  mortally  wounded — fighting  as  a  j)rivate  in  the  ranks  of 
the  Kentucky  brigade.  Richard  Hawes,  of  Paris,  was  elected  by 
the  provisional  council  to  succeed  him. 

As  the  Federal  army  advanced  into  Tennessee,  Kentucky  was 
completely  occupied  by  the  Federal  troops,  and  became  the  base 
of  supplies  for  their  soldiery ;  and  with  the  exception  of  visits  from 
raiding  parties  of  Confederate  cavalry,  was  entirely  deserted  by 
the  Confederate  forces.  The  exactions  for  military  use  were,  how- 
ever, very  great.  Tlie  Federal  army  supplied  itself,  during  that 
time,  and  indeed  during  the  continuance  of  the  war,  without  lies- 
itation,  with  all  it  required  that  could  be  extracted  from  her  peo- 
ple— forcing,  for  the  most  part,  the  contributor  to  be  content  with 
a  voucher  promising  him  payment  in  the  future,  if  he  proved 
himself  loyal. 

The  raiding  parties  of  the  Southern  army  made  exactions  quite 
as  severe,  if  not  as  continuous.  The  fierce  horsemen  of  the  South 
disturbed  themselves  but  little  with  the  question  of  forms,  in  their 
military  requisitions.  If  they  needed  a  horse,  they  bridled  him  ; 
if  they  needed  forage  or  subsistence,  they  took  it.  Their  theory 
was— that  if  the  horse  or  the  provender  was  the  property  of  a 
state-rights  man,  he  ought  gladly  and  joyfully  to  contribute  it  to 
the  cause  of  his  struggling  country ;  if  the  property  of  a  Union 
man,  that  man  was  tlie  captive  for  the  time  being  of  the  Confed- 
erate bow  and  spear,  and  his  goods  were  lawful  prize  of  war. 

Gen.  Bragg  had,  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh  and  the  evacuation 
of  Corinth,  moved  his  army  by  means  of  the  railroads  of  Alabama 
and  Tennessee  eastward  to  Chattanooga,  and  on  the  left  flank  of 
Buell's  army.  Early  in  August,  he  launched  the  reckless  cavali-y 
of  Morgan  upon  the  front,  and  commenced  a  rapid  advance  up 
the  valley  of  the  Sequatchie  into  Kentucky.  Buell,  divining  his 
purpose,  started  for  Louisville  with  his  army,  and  it  became  a 
contest  of  speed  between  the  two  forces. 

General  E.  Kirby  Smith,  leaving  eight  thousand  of  his  forces 
to  watch  the  Federal  general,  George  W.  Morgan,  at  Cumberland 


348  OUTLINE  HISTORY. 

Gap,  with  twelve  thousand  infantry  and  about  a  tliousand  cavalry 
came  pouring  through  the  mountain  passes  at  Pound  Gap  and 
Rogers'  Gap,  careering  upon  Lexington — where  he  expected  to 
eifect  a  junction  with  Morgan's  cavalry,  and  eventually  with 
Bragg's  entire  army.  Smith  struck  the  troops  of  the  Federal 
general  Nelson,  at  Richmond,  Ky.,  overthrew  and  routed  him  in 
a  pitched  battle,  pressed  on  and  effected  the  junction  with  Mor- 
gan on  the  2d  of  September;  and  thrust  a  division  of  his  army 
forward,  down  the  Dry  Ridge  turnpike  road  to  Covington,  on  the 
Ohio  river.  Bi-agg  in  a  few  days  united  with  him  at  Lexington, 
and  moved  on — occupying  Frankfort  and,  as  has  been  said,  inau- 
gurated Hawes  as  governor  of  Kentucky. 

Buell  had  readied  Louisville,  gathered  up  his  stragglers,  re- 
furnished his  army,  and  with  great  celerity  advanced  towards 
Frankfort  with  one  column  of  his  army,  and  passed  another  down 
the  south  bank  of  the  Kentucky  river  on  Bragg's  left  flank,  threat- 
ening his  rear.  Bragg,  disgusted  with  the  lukewarmuess  which 
manifested  itself  on  the  subject  of  recruiting  for  his  army,  "lost 
his  head,"  divided  his  army  to  meet  the  division  Buell  had  made 
of  his,  fought,  near  Perryville,  Boyle  county,  the  larger  force 
which  Buell  had  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Kentucky  river  with 
the  smaller  moiety  of  his  own,  defeated  it,  called  back  his  larger 
body  from  the  direction  of  Lexington  and  Frankfort,  and  re- 
treated out  of  the  state  with  more  rapidity  than  he  had  entered 
it.  But  about  five  thousand  recruits  had  joined  him,  mostly  con- 
necting themselves  with  his  cavalry  commands,  while  his  own  loss 
of  veteran  infantry  was  quite  as  large. 

For  the  details  of  the  several  changes  in  the  administration  of 
the  state  government — the  election  of  Beriah  Magoffin  as  gover- 
nor in  August,  1859  ;  his  resignation,  August  18,  1862,  a  little 
more  than  a  year  before  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office;  the 
succession  to  the  vacant  chair  of  governor  by  James  F.  Robinson, 
speaker  of  the  senate  ;  the  election  of  Colonel  Thomas  E.  Bram- 
lette  as  governor  for  four  years,  in  August,  1863 ;  the  election  of 
John  L.  Helm,  in  August,  1867,  and  his  death  on  September  8th, 
five  days  after  his  inauguration — being  succeeded  by  lieutenant- 
governor  John  W.  Stevenson ;  the  latter's  resignation  on  Feb- 
ruary 13th,  1871,  and  the  accession,  for  five  months,  of  Preston 
H.  Leslie — who  entered  upon  a  full  term  of  four  years,  by  elec- 
tion in  August,  1871— see  the  Annals  in  the  foregoing  pages  81, 
108,  127,  181-2,  211,  and  216.  Other  incidents  and  events  in 
the  political  history  of  the  state,  of  much  interest — besides  some 
of  serious,  if  not  commanding,  importance — are  briefly  recorded  in 
the  Annals,  and  to  which  the  reader  is  referred. 

From  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Perryville,  in  October,  1862,  no 
serious  demonstration  was  made  on  Kentucky  by  the  Confederate 
forces.  The  cavalry  of  the  south  under  General  Morgan,  with 
Colonels  Duke  and  Breckinridge,  continued  to  manifest  their  in- 
terest in  Kentucky  affairs  by  rapid  visits  on  horseback,  and  wild 
gallops  over  the  state,  until  the  death  of  that  daring  partisan,  at 


OUTLINE  HISTORY.  349 


Greenville,  Tennessee,  September  4,  1864.  Morgan 
through  central  Kentucky  on  the  wonderful  ride  he  made  north 
of  the  Ohio;  and  again,  later,  entered  tiie  state,  capturing  Mount 
Sterling,  Paris,  and  Cynthiana,  but  was  defeated  finally  at  the  lat- 
ter place,  and  withdrew  through  the  mountains. 

The  southern  armies  were  slowly  but  surely  pressed  back,  until 
in  April,  1865,  the  war  ceased — with  the  entire  and  complete  sub- 
jugation of  the  south.  All  that  the  states-rights  men  had  prophe- 
cicd  would  be  accomplished  if  unresisted — all  that  the  Union  men 
had  indignantly  denied  to  be  the  objects  of  the  war — was  aceom- 
])lished:  the  South  was  conquered,  the  slaves  were  freed,  and  ne- 
gro political  equality  recognized  throughout  the  nation.  Neigh- 
borhood strifes  and  animosities  had  been  engendered  in  every  vil- 
lage and  hamlet.  Men  who  had  been  playmates  in  boyhood,  who 
under  ordinary  circumstances  would  have  gone  through  life  lean- 
ing for  kindly  support  on  each  other,  and  laid  each  other  with 
tenderness  in  the  tomb,  had  found  social  ties  disrupted,  and  per- 
secuted eacii  other  with  vindictive  hate.  The  statute  book  of  the 
state  was  black  with  laws  of  more  than  Draconian  severity. 
Mothers  wept  in  every  household,  for  the  lost  darlings  who  were 
sleeping  the  sleej)  of  the  brave  in  both  Federal  and  Confederate 
uniforms. 

But  the  terms  of  peace  had  scarcely  been  signed,  -when  the 
great  popular  heart  of  the  state  swelled,  with  generous  and  mag- 
nanimous rivalry,  in  the  effort  to  repair  the  past.  The  soldiers 
who  had  fought  and  striven  under  the  successful  banners  of  the 
Union,  came  back  with  no  bitterness  in  their  hearts,  with  no 
taunts  on  their  lips.  The  war-worn  exiles  of  the  southern  army, 
long  before  formal  permission  had  been  given  by  either  the  state 
or  Federal  government,  were  summoned  back,  and  received  with 
open  arms  and  affectionate  greetings  by  both  the  Union  and  states- 
rights  men.  The  people  of  the  whole  state  seemed  to  remember 
with  sorrowful  pride  the  noble  men  who  had  died  gallantly  in  the 
ranks  of  either  army.  Over  their  faults  was  thrown  the  mantle 
of  the  sweet  and  soothing  charities  of  the  soldier's  grave;  while 
for  their  services  was  manifested  and  displayed  unstinted  admira- 
tion for  the  valor  with  which  they  had  borne  the  dangers  and  pri- 
vations of  the  war. 

The  next  legislature  wiped  from  the  statute  book  every  vin- 
dictive or  discriminating  law,  and  the  executive  of  the  state.  Gov- 
ernor Thomas  E.  Braralette — himself  a  soldier,  who  had  served 
with  distinguished  ability  in  the  Federal  army — led  public  senti- 
ment in  the  effort  to  grant  practical  amnesty  for  the  past.  And 
now  the  children  of  Kentucky,  once  more  united — chastened 
by  the  sorrows  of  the  past — drop])ing  tears  of  reverential  respect 
for  the  memory  of  the  fallen,  wherever  they  lay — turn  hope- 
fully to  the  duty  of  providing  best  for  the  living,  with  an  un- 
shaken trust  in  the  God  of  nations,  and  a  firm  faith  in  the  ulti- 
mate triumph  of  free  institutions  and  the  cause  of  constitutional 
liberty. 


MISCELLANEOUS    STATISTICS 


GOVERNORS,    LIEUTENANT    GOVERNORS    AND   SECRETARIES  OF   THE 
COMMONWEALTH. 

I.  Isaac  Shelby,  the  first  governor,  took  the  oath  of  office  on  the  4th  of  June,  1792,  vuidei 
the  first  constitution.     James  Brown,  secretary  of  state. 

II.  James  Garrard  toolt  the  oath  of  office  June  1,  1796.  Harry  Touhnin,  secretary.  The 
present  constitution  was  formed  1799. 

ni.  James  Garrard,  being  eligible, was  again  elected  governor;  Alexander  S  Bullitt,  lieu- 
tenant governor ;  Harry  Toulmin  secretary — 1800. 

IV.  Christopher  Greenup,  governor;   John  Caldwell,  lieutenant  governor;  John  Rowan, 

secretary — 1804. 
V.  Charles   Scott,  governor;    Gabriel   Slaughter,  lieutenant   governor;    Jeese  Bledsoe, 
secretary— 1808. 

VI.  Isaac  Shelby,  governor;  Richard  Hickman,  lieutenant  governor;  Martin  B.  Hardin, 

secretary — 1812. 

VII.  George  Madison,  governor;  Gabriel  Slaughter,  lieutenant  governor;  Charles  S.  Todd, 

secretary — 1816.  Governor  Madison  died  at  Paris,  Kentucky,  on  the  14th  October, 
1816,  and  on  the  21st  of  the  same  month,  Gabriel  Slaughter,  lieutenant  governor,  as- 
sumed the  duties  of  executive.  John  Pope,  and  after  him,  Oliver  G.  Waggoner 
secretary. 

Vin.  John  .\dair,  governor ;  William  T.  Barry,  lieutenant  governor ;  Joseph  Cabell  Breck- 
inridge, and  after  him,  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  secretary — 1820. 
IX.  Joseph  Desha,  governor;  Robert  B.  M'Afee,  lieutenant  governor;  William  T.  Barry, 

succeeded  by  James  C.  Pickett,  secretary — 1824. 
X.  Thomas  Metcalfe,  governor;  John  Breathitt,  lieutenant  governor;  George  Robertson; 
succeeded  by  Thomas  T.  Crittenden,  secretary — 1828. 

XI.  John  Brealhitt,  governor:  James  T.  Morehead,  lieutenant  governor;  Lewis  Sanders, 
jr.,  secretary.  Governor  Breathitt  died  on  the  2lst  of  February,  1834,  and  on  the 
22d  of  the  same  month,  James  T.  Morehead,  the  lieutenant  governor,  took  the  oath  of 
office  as  governor  of  the  state.  John  J.  Crittenden,  Wilham  Owsley  and  Austin  P. 
Cox,  were  successively,  secretary — 1832. 

XH.  James  Clark,  governor;  Charles  A.  Wickliffe,  lieutenant  governor ;  James  M.Bul- 
lock, secretary.  Governor  Clark  departed  this  life  on  the  27th  September  1839, 
and  on  the  5th  of  October,  Charles  A.  Wicklifie,  lieutenant  governor,  assumed  the 
duties  of  Governor — 1836. 

Xni.  Robert  P.  Letcher,  governor;  Manlius  V,  Thomson,  lieutenant  governor;  James 
Harlan,  secretary — 1840. 

XIV.  William  Owsley,  governor;  Archibald  Dixon,  lieutenant  governor ;  Benjamin  Har- 
din, George  B.  Kinkead  and  William  D.  Reed,  successively,  secretary — 1844. 
XV.  John  J.  Crittenden,  governor  ;  John   L.  Helm,  lieutenant-governor  ;    John  W. 
Finnell,  secretary.     Gov.  Crittenden  resigned  July  31,  1850,  and  John  L.  Helm 
became  governor,  until  the  first  Tuesday  of  September,  1851.     1848-51. 

XVI.  Lazarus  W.  Powell,  governor  ;  John  B.  Thompson,  lieutenant-governor ;  James 

P.  Metcalfe,  secretary.     1851-55. 

XVII.  Charles  S.  Morehead,  governor ;  James  G.  Hardy,  lieutenant-governor;  Mason 
Brown,  secretary.     1855-59. 

XVIII.  Beriah  Magoffin,  governor;  Linn  Boyd,  lieutenant-governor  (died  Dec.  17, 
1859) ;  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  jr.,  secretary.  Gov.  Magoffin  resigned  Aug.  18, 1862, 
and  James  F.  Robinson,  speaker  of  the  senate,  became  governor.     1859-63. 

XIX.  Thomas  E.  Bramlette,  governor;  Richard  T.  Jacob,  lieutenant-governor;  E.  L. 

Van  Winkle  (died  May  23, 1866),  succeeded  by  John  S.  Van  Winkle,  secretary. 
1863-67. 
XX.  John  L.  Helm,  governor ;  John  W.  Stevenson,  lieutenant-governor;  Samuel  B. 
Churchill,  secretary.     Gov.  Helm  died,  Sept.  8.  1S67.  and  John  W.  Stevenson  took 
the  oath  as  governor.     In   August,  1868,  he  was  cl<-i-ted  governor,  serving  until 
Feb.  13,  1871  ;  when  he  resigned,  to  take  his  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate, 
and  the  speaker  of  the  senate,  Preston  H.  Leslie,  became  governor.     1867-71. 
XXI.  Preston  H.  Leslie,  governor:  John  G.  Carlisle,  lieutenant-governor ;  Andrew  J. 
James,  succeeded  by  Geo.  W.  Craddock,  secretary  of  state.     1871-75. 
(350) 


'^^KM^^ 


\K\Kmm\i^/  mmK^\^m. 


Engraved     for    Oollins'  HiHtorv    of    Kexidxclcv. 


REPRESENTATIVES   IN  U.  S.  CONGRESS. 


ilST  OF  SENATORS  IN  U.  S.  CONGRESS,  FROM  KENTUCKY,  FROM  1702  TO  1873, 

In.  Out.- 

Guthrie,  James 1865-68 

Hardin,  Martin  D 1816-17 

Johnsun,  Richard  M 1819-29 

Logan,   William 1819-^0 

Marsliall,  Humphrey 1795-1801 

McCveery,  Thomas  C 1873-79,  1868-71 

Merriwethor.  David 1852-53 

Metcalfe,  Thomas 1848-49 

Morehead,  James  T 1841^7 

Pope,  John  1807-13 

Powell,  Lazarus  W 1859-65 

Rowan,  John 1825-31 

Stevenson,  John  W 1871-77 

Toll,  .    T  I,  f  1815-19 

Talbot,  Isham {  1820-25 

Thompson,  John  B 1853-59 

Thruston,  John  Buckner 1806-09 

Underwood,  Joseph  R 1847-53 

Wallier,  George 1814-15 

Machen,  Willis  B 1873-75 


Adair,  John 

1805-06 

Barry,  William  T 

1814-16 

Bibb,  George  M 

f 1811-14 
••  1  1829-35 

Bledsoe,  Jesse 

1813-15 

Breckinridge,  John 

1801-05 

Breoliinridge,  John  C 

]861» 

Brown,  Jolm 

..1792-1805 

f 1806-07 

Clay,  Henry 

J  1809-U 
■•     1831^2 

1849-52 

f 1817-19 

Crittenden,  John  J 

J  1835^1 
••     1842^8 

[1856-61 

Di.xon,  Archibald , 

1852-55 

»  Resigned. 

Adair,  John 1831-33 

Adams,  George  M 1867-75 

^•^^-''^-^ {\ltUl 

Allan,  Chilton 1831-37 

Anderson,  Lucien 1863-65 

Anderson,  Richard  C,  jr 1817-21 

Anderson,  Simeon  H 1839^0 

Anderson,  William  C 1859-61 

Andrews,  Landaff  Watson 1839^3 

Arthur,  William  E 1871-76 

Barry,  William  T 1810-11 

Beatty,  Martin 1833-35 

Beck,  James  B 1867-76 

Bedinger,  George  M 1803-07 

Bell,  Joshua  F 1815-47 

T,      ,    T-  f  1835-37 

Boyle,  John 1803-09 

Breck,  Daniel 1849-51 

Breckinridge,  James  D 1821-23 

Breckinridge,  John  C 1851-55 

Bristow,  Francis  M 1859-61 

Brown,  John  Young 1873-75.  {  |859-61 

Brown,  ■William 1819-23 

Buckner,  Aylett 1847-19 

Buckner,  Richard  A 182.3-29 

Bullock,  Wingfield 1820-21 

Burnett,  Henry  C 1855-61 

Butler,  William  0 1839^3 

Caldwell,  George  Alfred I  Jg^g^j 

Calhoon.  John 1835-39 

Campbell,  John 1837^3 

Campbell,  John  P 1855-57 

Casey,  Samuel  L 1862-63 

^''-^-'-^°>'° {llTcll 

^''■"^'T-— iSJ 

Chrisman,  James  ,S 1853-55 

Christie,  Henry 1809-11 

Clark,  Beverly  L 1847-49 


In.  Out. 
r\„  1     T  „  [1813-16 

Clay,  Brutus  J 1863-65 

(•1811-14 
Clay,  Henrv i  1815-21 

[ 1823-25 

Clny,  James  B 1857-59 

Coleman,  Nicholas  D 1829-31 

Cox,  Leander  M 1853-57 

Crittenden,  John  J 1861-63 

Crossland,  Edward 1871-75 

Daniel,  Henry 1827-33 

Davis,  Amos 1833-35 

Davis,  Garret 1839-17 

Davis,  Thomas  T 1797-1803 

Desha,  Joseph 1816-19 

Duncan,  Garnett 1847-49 

Dunlap,  George  W 1861-63 

Duval,  William  P 1813-15 

Elliott,  John  M 1853-59 

Ewing,  Presley 1853-64 

Fletcher,  Thomas 1816-17 

Fowler,  John 1797-1807 

(1835-37 
French,  Richard \  1843-45 

(1847-49 

G.iines.  John  P 1847^9 

Gaither,  Nathan 1829-33 

Golladay,  Jacob  S 1867-70 

Graves,  William  J 1835-41 

Green,  Willis 1839-45 

Greenup,  Christopher 1792-97 

Grey,  Benjamin  Edwards 1851-56 

«^'^-«-^ {\ltl-il 

Grover,  AsaP 1867-69 

r 1816-17 

Hardin,  Benjamin i  1819-23 

[  183.3-37 

Harding.  Aaron 1861-67 

Harlan,  James 1835-39 

Hawes,  Albert  6 1831-37 

Hawes,  Richard 1837^1 

Hawkins,  Joseph  W 1814-15 


REPRESENTATIVES   IN  U.  S.  CONGRESS. 


'  In.Ou 

Henry,  Robert  P 1823-: 

Henry,  John  F 1826-27 

Hill,  Clement  S 1853-55 

Hise,  Elijah 1866-67 

Hopkins,  Samuel 1813-15 

Howard,  Benjamin 1807-10 

Jackson,  James  S 1861-62 

Jewett,  Joshua  H 1855-59 

Johnson,  Francis 1821-27 

Johnson,  James 1825-26 

Johnson,  James  L 1819-51 

Johnson,  John  T 1821-25 

Johnson,  Richard  M I  1829-37 

Jones,  Thomas  L 1867-71 

Kincaid,  John 1829-33 

Knott,  J.  Proctor 1867-71 

Lecompte,  Joseph 1825-33 

Lctoher,  Robert  P 1823-33 

Lewis,  Joseph  H 1870-73 

Love,  James 1833-35 

Lyon,  Chittenden 1827-35 

Lyon,  Matthew 1803- 

Mallory,  Robert 1859-65 

Marshall,  Alexander  K 1855-57 

Marshall,  Humphrey j  ^gj^Ijg 

Marshall,  Thomas  A 1831-35 

Marshall,  Thomas  F 1841^3 

Martin,  John  P 1845^7 

Mason,  John  C 1849-53,  1857-59 

May,  William  L 1835-39 

McDowell,  Joseph  J 1843-47 

MoHatton,  Robert 1826-29 

McHenry,  John  H 1843^7 

McHenry,  Henry  D 1871-- 

McKee,  Samuel 1809-17 

McKee,  Samuel 1865-69 

.»  T           «,  f 1815-17 

McLean,  Alney j  1819-21 

McLean,  Finis  Ewing 1849-51 

Menefee,  Richard  H 1837-39 

Menzies,  John  W 1861-65 

Metcalfe,  Thomas 1819-28 

Montgomery,  Thomas J  jg21-23 

Moore,  Laban  T 1859-61 

«           mu           T,  (  1823-29 

Moore,  Thomas  P }  1833-35 

Morehead,  Charles  S 1847-51 

Murray,  John  L 1838-39 

Ormsby,  Stephen 1811-17 

Orr,  Alexander  D 1792-97 

Owslei,  Bryan  Y 1841^3 

T,     .        c.           ,  n  f  1847-49 

Peyton,  Samuel  0 j  1857- 

Pope,  John 1837-43 

Durham,  Milton  J 1873-75 

Milliken,  Charles  W 1873-75 


In.  Out. 

Pope,  Patrick  H 1833-35 

Preston,  William 1853-57 

Quarles,  Tunstall 1817-20 

Randall,  Willi.im  H 1863-67 

Read,  William  B 1871-75 

Rice,  John  M 1869-73 

Ritter,  Burwell  C 1865-67 

Robertson,  George 1817-21 

Rowan,  John 1807-09 

Rousseau,  Lovell  H 1865-67 

Rumsey,  Edward 1837-39 

Sandfoni,  Thomas 1803-07 

Shanklin,  George  S 1865-67 

Sharp,    Solomon  P 181.3-17 

Simms,  William  E 1859-61 

Smith,  Green  Clay 1863-66 

Smith,  John  Speed 1821-23 

Southgate,  William  W 1837-39 

Speed,  Thomas 1817-19 

Sprigg,  James  C...... 1841-43 

Stanton,  Richard  H 1849-55 

Stevenson.  John  W 1857-61 

T           ,Tr  [1843^5 

Stone,  James  W {1851-53 

Sweeny,  William  N 1869-71 

Swope,  Samuel  F 1855-57 

Talbott,  Albert  G 1855-61 

Taul,  Micah 1815-17 

Thomasson,  William  P 1843^7 

n^u                  T  ^     Tj  f  1841-43 

Thompson,  John  B 1 1847-51 

Thompson,  Philip 1823-25 

Tibbatts.John  W 184.3-17 

Tompkins,  Christopher 1831-35 

Trimble,  David 1817-27 

Trimble,  Lawrence  S 1865-71 

Triplett,  Philip 1839^1 

Trumbo,  Andrew 1845-47 

Underwood,  Joseph  R 1835^3 

Underwood,  Warner  L 1855-59 

Wadsworth,  William  Henry 1861-65 

Walker,  David 1817-20 

Walton,  Matthew 1803-07 

Ward,  A.  Harry 1866-67 

Ward,  William  T 1851-53 

White,  Addison 1851-53 

White,  David 1823-25 

White,  John 1835^5 

Wickliffe,  Charles  A |  JgeileS 

Williams,  Sherrod 1835^1 

Winchester,  Boyd 1869-73 

Woodson,  Samuel  H 1820-23 

Yancy,  Joel 1827-31 

Yearaan,  George  H 1862-65 

Yaun-r,  Bryan  R 1845^7 

Young,  William  F 1825-27 

Standilord,  Dr.  Elisha  D 1873-75 

Young,  John  D 1873-75 


i 


CONFEDERATK   CONGRESSMEN,   ETC. 


PROVISIONAL  GOVERNMENT  OF  KENTUCKY,  FROM  1861  TO  1865. 

On  the  20th  of  November,  1861,  delegates  or  persons  representing  the  states  rights  party 
and  all  others  who  wished  to  have  Kentucky  co-operate  with  and  become  a  part  of  the 
Confederacy,  met  at  Russellville,  in  Logan  county,  and  organized  a  provisional  govern- 
ment for  the  state — under  which  organization,  December  10th,  1861,  Kentucky  was  ad- 
mitted into  the  Confederacy,  and  had  equal  privileges  of  representation  accorded  to  her. 
The  power  belonging,  in  the  state  government,  to  the  executive  and  the  legislature,  were 
vested  in  a  governor  and  council  of  ten — one  from  each  congressional  district  in  which 
Kentucky  was  by  them  divided — who  were  chosen  as  follows  : 

Governor — George  W.  Johnson,  of  Scott  county;  Secretary  of  State — Robert  McKeo : 
Treasurer— John  Burnam;  Auditor—J.  Pillsbury. 


I.  Willis  B.  Machen,  of  Lyon  cout 
2    John  W.  Crockett,  of  Heudersoi 

3.  Philip  B.  Thompson,  of  Mercei 

4.  James  P.  Bates,  of  Warren  coi 

5.  James  S.  Chrisman,  of  Wayne 

6.  L.  P.  Burnside,  of  Garrard 


MEMBERS  OF  COUNCIL, 
county,  P, 


7.  Horatio  W.  Bruce,  of  Louisville. 

8.  Ely  M.  Bruce,  of  Nicholas  county. 

9.  Jas.  W.  Moore,  of  Montgomery  county. 
10.  George  B.  Hodge,  of  Campbell  county, 

who  resigned,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Samuel  S.  Scott,  of  Boone  county. 


[The  Provisional  Con-  3.  Theodore  L.  Burnett,            7.  Samuel  H.  Ford, 

gress  had  no  Senate.]  4.  Goo.  Washington  Ewing,     8.  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  sen., 

1.  Henry  C.  Burnett,  5.  Daniel  P.  White,                   9.  John  M.  Elliott, 

2.  John  Thomas,  6.  Thomas  Johnson,                10.  George  B.  Hodge. 

MEMBERS  OF  THE   FIRST  REGULAR  CONFEDERATE  STATES  CONGRESS- 
FIRST  SESSION,  JAN.  19,  ISUS-SECOND  SESSION,  DEC.  1,  1863. 
Henry  C.  Burnett,  1864,  )      3.  Henry  E.  Read,  8.  George  B.  Hodge, 

William  E.  Simms,  1868,  j      4.  Geo.  Washington  Ewing,      9.  Ely  M.  Bruce, 

Senators.    5.  James  S.  Chrisman,  10.  James  W.  Moore, 

1.  Willis  B.  Machen,  6.  Theodore  L.  Burnett,         11.  Robt.  J.  Breckinridge,  jr. 

2.  John  W.  Crockett,  7.  Horatio  W.  Bruce,  12.  John  M.  Elliott. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  SECOND  REGULAR  CONFEDERATE  STATES  CONGRESS- 
FIRST  SESSION,  MAY  2, 1864— SECOND  SESSION,  JAN.  4,  1865. 


William  E.  Simms,  1868, 
Henry  C.  Burnett,  1870,  j 


S^iatora.    5.  Ja 


1.  Willis  B.  Machen, 

2.  George  W.  Triplett, 

I. ..23 


8.  Humphrey  Marshall, 

9.  Ely  M.  Bruce, 

10.  James  W.  Moore, 

11.  Benjanain  F.  Bradley, 

12.  John  M.  Elliott. 


STATISTICS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


2aEMBERS  OF  THE  CONVENTION  HELD  IN  DANVILLE,  ON  THE  23d  DAY  0> 
MAY,   1785. 
Samuel  McDowell,  President. 


George  Ml 
Christopher  Greenup, 
James  Speed, 
Robert  To.Jd, 
James  Baird, 
Matthew  Walton, 
James  Trotter, 
Ebenezer  Brooks, 
Caleb  Wallace, 
Richard  Terrell, 
Robert  Clarke, 
Robert  Johnson, 
John  Martin, 


Benjamin  Logan, 
Willis  Green, 
Harry  Innis, 
Levi  Todd, 
Isaac  Cox, 
Richard  Taylor, 
Richard  Steele, 
Isaac  Morrison, 
James  Garrard, 
John  Edwards, 
George  Wilson, 
Edward  Payne, 
James  Rogers, 
.    .    .    Kincheloe. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  CONVENTION   WHICH  ASSEMBLED  AT  DANVILLE, 
GUST,  1785. 
Samuel  McDowell,  President. 


George  Muter, 
Christopher  Irvine, 
William  Kennedy, 
Benjamin  Logan, 
Caleb  Wallace, 
John  Coburn, 
James  Carter, 
Richard  Terrell, 
George  Wilson, 
Isaac  Cox. 
Andrew  Hynes, 
James  Rogers, 


Harry  Innes, 
John  Edwards, 
James  Speed, 
James  Wilkinson, 
James  Garrard, 
Levi  Todd, 
John  Craig, 
Robert  Patterson, 
Benjamin  Sebastian, 
Philip  Barbour, 
Isaac  Morrison, 
Matthew  Walton. 
James  Trotter. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  CONVENTION 

Jefferson  County. 
Richard  Easton, 
Alexander  Breckinridge, 
Michael  Lackasang, 
Benjamin  Sebastian, 
James  Meriwether. 

Nelson   County. 
Joseph  Lewis, 
William  McClung, 
John  Caldwell, 
Isaac  Cox, 
Matthew  Walton. 

Fayette  County. 
Levi  Todd, 
John  Fowler, 
Humphrey  Marshall, 
Caleb  Wallace, 
William  Ward. 

Bourbon  County. 
James  Garrard, 
John  Edwards, 


IN  1787,  HELD  IN  DANVILLE. 
Benjamin  Harrison, 
Edward  Lyne, 
Henry  Lee. 

Lincoln  County. 
Benjamin  Logan, 
John  Logan, 
Isaac  Shelby, 
William  Montgomery, 
Walker  Baylor. 

Madison  County. 
William  Irvine, 
John  Miller, 
lliggason  Grubbs, 
Robert  Rodes, 
David  Crews. 

Mercer  County. 
Samuel  McDowell, 
Harry  Innis, 
George  Muter, 
William  Kennedy, 
James  Speed. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  CONVENTION  IN  1788,  HELD  IN  SAME  PLACE. 

Jeffenon  County.  Nelson  County. 

Richard  Taylor,  Isaac  Morrison, 

Richard  C.  Anderson,  John  Caldwell, 

Alexander  S.  Bullitt,  Philip  Phillips, 

Abraham  Hite,  Joseph  Burnett, 

James  Baird. 


MEMBERS  OF  CONVENTIONS.  35  3 

Fayette  County.  William  Monlgomery 

James  Wilkinsonj  Nathan  Huston, 

Caleb  Wallace,  Willis  Green. 

Thomas  Marshall,  Madison  County. 

William  Ward,  William  Irvine, 

John  Allen.  George  Adams, 

Bourbon  County.  James  French, 

James  Garrard,  Aaron  Lewis, 

John  Edwards,  Higgatori  Grubbs. 

Benjamin  Harrison,  Mercer  County. 

John  Grant,  Samuel  M'Dowell, 

John  Miller.  John  Brown, 

Lincoln  County.  Harry  Innes, 

Benjamin  Logan,  John  Jouett, 

Isaac  Shelby,  Christopher  Greenup. 

NAMES  OF  THE  KENTUCKY  MEMBERS  OF  THE   VIRGINIA   CONVENTION   WHICH 
RATIFIED  THE  PRESENT  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Fayette  County.  Mercer  County. 

Humphrey  Marshall,  Thomas  Allin, 

John  Fowler.  Alexander  Robertson. 

Jefferson  County. 

Robert  Breckinridge,  Madison  County. 

Rice  Bullock.  Green  Clay, 

Lincoln  County.  William  Irvine. 
John  Logan, 

Henry  Pawling.  Bourbon  County. 

Nelson  County.  Henry  Lee, 

John  Steele,  John  Edwards. 
Matthew  Walton. 
The  names  of  the  following  members  of  the  Virginia  legislature,  from  Kentucky,  are 
given  in  Governor  Morehead's  Boonsborough  address,  viz: 

John  Brown,  Benjamin  and  John  Logan,     Squire   Boone,  Swearingen,  Thomas,  John 

and  Robert  Todd,  James  Harrod,  William  M'Clung,  John  Steele,  James  Garrard,  John 
Edwards,  John  Jouett,  William  Pope  and  Richard  Taylor. 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  CONVENTION    OF    1792,   WHICH  FORMED   THE   FIRST    CON- 
STITUTION   OF  KENTUCKY;    HELD   IN    DANVILLE. 

Fayette  County.  Thomas  Clay, 

Hubbard  Taylor,    "  Thomas  Kennedy, 

Thomas  Lewis,  Joseph  Kennedy. 

George  S.  Smith,  Mercer  County. 

Robert  Fryer,  Samuel  Taylor, 

James  Crawford.  Jacob  Froman, 

Jefferson  County.  George  Nicholas, 

Richard  Taylor,  David  Rice, 

-              John  Campbell,  Samuel  McDowell. 

Alexander  S.  Bullitt,  Lincoln  County. 

Benjamin  Sebastian,  Benjamin  Logan, 

Robert  Breckinridge.  John  Bailey, 

Bourbon  County.  Isaac  Shelby, 

John  Edwards.  Benedict  Swope, 

James  Garrard,  William  Montgomery. 

James  Smith,  Woodford  County. 

John  McKinney,  John  Watkins, 

Benjamin  Harnson.  Richard  Young, 

Nelson  County.  William  Steele. 

William  King,  Caleb  Wallace, 

Matthew  Walton,  Robert  Johnston. 

Cuthbert  Harrison,  Mason  County. 

Joseph  Hobbs,  George  Lewis, 

Andrew  Hynes.  Miles  W.  Conway, 

Madison  County.  Thomas  Waring, 

Charles  Cavender,  Robert  Rankin, 

Higgaaon   Grubbs,  John  Wilson. 


£i\fflayed.sxpiBS5iy£[irl^c"hinTLH  Colbns  EistorrofKarituclw" 


ELECTORS— SENATORS,  ETC. 


HEPRESENTiTITES. 

Richard  Taylor, 
Robert  BreckinriJge, 
Benjamin  Roberts. 

William  Montgomery, 
Henry  Pawling 
James  Davis, 
Jesse  Cravens. 

Higgason  Grubbs, 
Tliomas  Clay, 
John  Miller. 


Samuel  Taylor, 
John  Jouett, 
Jacob  Frownian, 
Robert  Mosby. 

William  King, 
William  Aoell, 
Matthew  Walton, 
Edmund  Thomas, 

Joseph  Hohbs, 
Joshua  Hobbs. 

John  Watkins, 
Richard  Young, 
William  Steele, 
John  Grant. 


Jefferson  County. 
Lincoln    County, 

Madison  County. 

Mason  County. 
Mercer  County. 

Nelson  County. 
Woodford  County. 


ELECTOnS. 

Alexander  S.  Bullitt, 
Richard  C.  Anderson 
John  Campbell. 

John  Logan, 
Benjanjin  Logan, 
Isaac  Shelby, 
Thomas  Todd. 

William  Irvine, 
Higgason   Grubbs, 
Thomas  Clay. 


Christopher  Greenup, 
Harry  Innes, 
Samuel  MclJowell, 
William  Kennedy. 

Walter  Beall, 
John  Caldwell 
William  May, 
Cuthbert  Harrison, 
Adam  Shepherd, 
James  Shepherd. 

John  Watkins, 
George  Muter, 
Richard  Young 
Robert  Johnson. 


SENATORS  ELECTED  BY  TFIE  ELECTORS  IN  1792. 


John  Campbell,  Jefferson  county. 
John  Logan,  Lincoln  county. 
Robert  Todd,  Fayette  county. 
John  Caldwell,  Nelson  county. 
William  McDowell,  Mercer  county. 
Thomas  Kennedy,  Madison  county. 


John  Allen,  Bourbon  county. 
Robert  Johnson,  Woodford  county. 
Alexander  D.  (Jrr,  Mason  county. 

EXTIH    SENATORS. 

Alexander  S.  Bullitt,  Jefferson  county. 
Peyton  Short,  Fayette  county. 


A  LIST  OF  DISTINGUISHED  CITIZENS  OF  KENTUCKY,  WHO  HAVE  FILLED 
HIGH  AND   RESPONSIBLE    STATIONS  UNDER    THE    UNITED    STATES 
GOVERNMENT,    OR    UNDER   THE     CONFEDERATE    STATES    GOVERN- 
MENT, OR  UNDER  THE  GOVERNMENT  OF    OTHER  STATES. 
PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
Names.  From  Whence.  Where  Stationed. 

Abraham  Lincoln,  Larue  county,  1861-65 


JeflFerson  Da 


PRESIDENT  OF  THE  CONFEDERATE  STATES. 
,  Christian  county, 


1861-65 


VICE-PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
Diivid  R.  Atchison,  Fnyette  Co.,  (acting  V.  P.,  while  Senator  from  Mo.)  185.3-55 

Jesse  D.  Bright,  Covington,  (acting  V.  P.,  while  Senator  from  Ind.)  1855-57 

John  C.  Breckinridge,  Lexington,  1857-61 

Richard  M.  Johnson,  Scott  county,  1837^1 

GOVERNORS  AND  LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS  OP  STATES. 
Lilburn  W.  Boggs,  Fayette  county.    Governor  of  Missouri,  1836^0 

John  Boyle  (declined),  Garrard  county,  Governor  of  Illinois  Territory,  1809 


STATISTICS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


Names. 

Frc.ni  Whence. 

Where  Stationed. 

Benj.  Gratz  Brown, 

Frankfort, 

Governor  of  Missouri, 

1870-74 

Wm.  0.  Butler,  (declined 

),  Carrollton, 

Governor  of  Nebraska  Territory, 

1854 

Richard  K.  Call, 

Logan  county. 

Governor  of  Florida, 

1836^4 

Thomas  Carlin, 

Nelson  county, 

Governor  of  Illinois, 

1838-42 

John  Chambers, 

Mason  county, 

Governor  of  Iowa  Territory, 

1841-45 

Willi.am  Clarke, 

Jefferson  county 

,  Governor  of  Missouri  Territory. 

Thomas  Corwin, 

Bourbon  county 

,  Governor  of  Ohio, 

1840^2 

Robert  Crittenden, 

Logan  county, 

Acting  Governor  of  Arkansas. 

Henry  Dodge, 

Jefferson  county 

,  Governor  of  Wisconsin,      1836^1 

,  1845^8 

Daniel  Dunklin, 

Mercer  county. 

Governor  of  Missouri, 

1832-36 

William  P.  Duvall, 

Nelson  county, 

Governor  of  Florida  Territory, 

1822-34 

Ninian  Edwards, 

Logan  county. 

Governor  of  Illinois  Territory, 

1809-18 

Ninian  Edwards, 

Logan  county. 

Governor  of  Illinois, 

1826-30 

John  Floyd, 

Jefferson  county 

,  Governor  of  Virginia, 

1830-34 

John  P.  Gaines, 

Boone  county, 

Governor  of  Oregon  Territory, 

1850-53 

Willis  A.  Gorman, 

Flemingsburg, 

Governor  of  Minnesota  Territory, 

1853-57 

Benjamin  Howard, 

Fayette  county. 

Governor  of  Indiana  Territory, 

1810-13 

Benjamin  Howard, 

F.ayette  county. 

Governor  of  Missouri  Territory. 

Claiborne  F.  Jackson, 

Fleming  county: 

,  Governor  of  Missouri, 

1860-61 

John  McLean, 

Logan  county. 

Governor  of  Illinois. 

Stevens  T.  Mason,  jr.. 

Fayette  county. 

Governor  of  Michigan,       1834-35, 

,  1836-40 

David  Meriwether, 

Jefferson  county ^ 

,  Governor  of  New  Mexico  Territory,  1853-57 

John  M.  Palmer, 

Scott  county, 

Governor  of  Illinois, 

1870-74 

John  Pope, 

Washington  co.^ 

,  Governor  of  Arkansas  Territory, 

1829-35 

James  Brown  Ray, 

Boone  county. 

Governor  of  Indiana, 

1825-31 

William  A.  Richardson, 

Nicholas  county 

,  Governor  of  Nebraska  Territory, 

1857-61 

Green  Clay  Smith, 

Covington, 

Governor  of  Montana  Territory, 

1865-69 

James  Whitcomb, 

Lexington, 

Governor  of  Indiana, 

1843--4S 

Joseph  M.  White, 

Franklin  cou'ty, 

,  Governor  of  Florida  Territory. 

Robert  C.  Wickliffe, 

Bardstown, 

Governor  of  Louisiana, 

1858-62 

Richard  Yates, 

AVarsaw, 

Governor  of  Illinois. 

James  Birney, 

Boyle  county. 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  Michigan. 

Ratliffo  Boon, 

Mercer  county. 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  Indiana. 

Jesse  D.  Bright, 

Carrollton, 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  Indiana. 

James  Brown, 

Lexington, 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  Louisiana 

Wm.  L.  D.  Ewing, 

Logan  county. 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  Illinois. 

Hubbard, 

Warren  county, 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  Illinois. 

Step, 

Scott  county, 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  Indiana. 

C.  W.  Bird, 

Fayette  county. 

Secretary  North-West  Territory. 

Jacob  0.  Phister, 

Maysville, 

Secretary  Iowa  Territory, 

1841^5 

AMBASSADORS,  FOREIGN  MINISTERS,  ETC. 


Richard  C.  Anderson,  jr.,     Louisville, 
Richard  C.  Anderson,  jr.,     Louisville, 


William  T.  Barry, 

Lexington, 

"          "             "          Spain, 

Jno.  C.  Breckinridge, 

Lexino-ton  (decii. 

«ij    "          "             "          Spain, 

Lexinlton! 

"          France, 

Allen  A.  Burton, 

Lancaster, 

Minister  Resident  to  Colombia, 

Anthony  Butler, 

Logan  county. 

Secretary  of  Legation  to  Russia, 

Beverly  L.  Clarke, 

Simpson  county 

,  Minister  Resident  to  Guatemala, 

Beverly  L.  Clarke, 

Simpson  county 

Honduras, 

Cassius  M.  Clay, 

Madison  county 

,  En.  Ex.  and  Min.  Plen.  to  Russia, 

Green  Clay, 

Bourbon  county 

.Secretary  Legation  to  Italy, 

Henry  Clay, 

Lexington, 

Min.  Plen.  .and  Ex.  to  Ghent, 

James  B.  Clay, 

Lexington, 

Charge  d'Affaires  to  Portugal, 

Thom,is  H.  Clay, 

Fayette  county. 

Minister  Resident  to  Nicaragua, 

Thomas  H.  Clay, 

Fayette  county. 

"               "             Honduras, 

L.  H.  Clayton, 

«               «                     11 

Thomas  Corwin, 

Bourbon  county 

,  En.  Ex.  and  Min.  Plen.  to  Mexico 

Ninian  Edwards  ideciinrfo 

Logan  county, 

Joseph  Eve, 

Knox  county, 

Charge  d'Affaires  to  Texas, 

Peter  AY.  Grayson, 

Minister  Plen.  Texas  to  U.  S. 

A.  Mars.  Hancock, 

Maysville, 

Consul  to  Miilaga, 

Edward  A.  Hannegan, 

Maysville, 

En.  Ex.  and  Min.  Plen.  to  Russia, 

J.  0.  Harrison, 

Lexington, 

Secretary  Legation  to  Spain, 

Charles  J.  Helm, 

Newport, 

Consul  to  Havana, 

Charles  J.  Helm, 

Newport, 

Confederate  States  Agt.  at  Havana, 

Elijah  Hise, 

Logan  county, 

Charge  d'Affaires  to  Guatemala, 

Robert  P.  Letcher, 

Frankfort, 

En.  Ex.  and  Min.  Plen.  to  Mexico 

Robert  B.  McAfee, 

Mercer  county. 

Charge  d'Affaires  to  New  Granada, 

bia,  1823 

ng.,  1826 

1835 

1855 

1823-33 

1861-66 
1856 
1858 
1858 

1862-69 
1861 
1814 

1849-50 
1862 

1863-68 


, 1861-64 

1824 

1841 

1844 

1861-72 

1849 

1835 

1857-61 

1861-65 

1848 

,   1849 

,   1833 


HEADS   OF   DEPARTMENTS,    ETC. 


359 


Nan 


Robert  B.  McAfee, 
Alexander  K.  McClung, 
A.  Dudley  Mann, 
A.  Dudley  Mann, 
A.  Dudley  Mann, 
Humphrey  Marshall  (ii<«iio«<i. 
Humphrey  Marshall 
Thomas  P.  Moore, 
Thomas  H.  Nelson, 
Thomas  H.  Nelson, 
James  C.  Pickett, 
James  C.  Pickett, 
John  T.  Pickett, 
William  Preston, 
William  Preston, 
George  H.  Profflt, 
Geo.  Robertson  (declined), 
Geo.  Robertson  (declined), 
John  Rowan, jr., 
Richard  H.  Rousseau, 
George  N.  Sanders, 
James  Semple, 
James  Shannon, 

Charles  S.  Todd' 
Robert  B.  J.  Twyman, 
Edward  A.  Turpin, 
Robert  Wickliffe,  jr., 
E.  Rumsey  Wing, 
Robert  W.  WooUey, 
George  H.  Yeaman, 


county,    Chargg  d'Affain 


Mer 
Mason  county, 
Bath  county, 
Bath  county, 
Bath  county, 
Louisville, 
Louisville, 
Mercer  county, 
Maysville, 
Maysville, 
Mason  county, 
Mason  county. 
Mason  county, 
Jefferson  county, 
Louisville, 
Louisville, 

Lancaster' 

Bardstown, 

Louisville, 

CarroUton, 

Albany, 

Lexington, 

Lexington, 

Shelby  county, 

Paducah, 

CarroUton, 

Lexington, 

Owensboro, 

Lexington, 

Owensboro, 


1849 

1846 

gary,    1849 


Stationed. 

i  Ecuador, 

Bolivia, 

Special  Agent  to  Austria, 

Special  and  Con.  Agfint  to  Hi 

Special  Agent  to  Switzerland,  1850 

Minister  Resident  to  Central  America,  1852 

Com'r.  and  Min.  Plen.  to  China,      1852-54 

En.  Ex.  and  Min.  Plen.  to  Colombia,    1829 

"  "  "  Chili,      1861-65 

"  "  "  Mexico,  1869-73 

Secretary  Legation  to  Colombia,  1829 

Charge  d'Affaires  to  Peru- Bolivia,         1838 

Consul  to  Vera  Cruz,  1853-57,  1858-61 

En.  Ex.  and  Min.  Plen.  to  Spain,  1829 

"  "  "  "  1858-61 

"  "  "  Brazil,    1843-45 

Charge  d'Affaires  to  Colombia,  1824 

"  "  Peru,  182S 


"  "  Honduras, 

Consul  at  London. 
Charge  d'Affaires  to  New  Grenad; 
En.  Ex.  and  Min.  Plen.  to  Mexic 
Charge  d'Affaires  to  Central  Ame 
En.  Ex.  and  Min.  Plen.  to  Russii 
Consul  to  Vera  Cruz, 
Minister  Resident  to  Venezuela, 
Charge  d'Affaires  to  Sardinia, 

"  "  Ecuador, 

Secretary  Legation  to  Madrid, 
Minister  Resident  to  Denmark, 


1841-45 

1857 

1858-61 

1848-52 


HEADS  OF  DEPARTMENTS  AND   OFFICERS   U.   S.    GOVERNMENT. 


Henry  Clay, 
George  M.  Bibb, 
Thomas  Corwin, 
James  Guthrie, 
Isaac  Shelby  (declined), 
Jefferson  Davis, 
Joseph  Holt, 
William  T.  Barry, 
Montgomery  Blair, 
Orvillc  H.  Browning, 
Joseph  Holt, 


Robert  Johnson, 
John  Breckinridge, 
John  J.  Crittenden, 
Felix'Grundy, 
James  Speed, 
Henry  Stanbery, 
George  M.  Bibb, 
Benjamin  H.  Bristow, 
Thomas  H.  Blake, 
John  McLean, 
James  Whitcomb, 
Murray  McConnell, 
John  C.  Breckinridge, 


Lexington, 
Louisville, 
Bourbon  county, 
Louisville, 
Lincoln  county. 
Christian  eo., 
Louisville, 


Postmaster-General, 


Fayette  county, 
Louisville, 
Frankfort, 
Mason  county, 
Bardstown, 


1825-29 
1844^5 
1850-63 
1853-57 
1817 
1853-57 
1860-61 
1829-35 
1861-65 
1861-65 
1859-60 
1835-40 
1823-29 
1841^5 


Postmaster-General. 


Frankfort,  "  " 

Fayette  county,   Attorney-General, 

Frankfort, 

Nelson  couffty, 

Louisville,  "  " 

Campbell  co.,  "  " 

Frankfort, 

Christian  co. 


1805-06 
1841,1850-63 
1838-40 
1864-66 
1866-68 


gton,  "  "  "  1836^1 

5th  Auditor  U.  S.  Treasury,  1851-66 

gton.  Secretary  of  War,  Confederate  States,  1865 

JUDGES   OF   UNITED  STATES   OR   OTHER  HIGH   COURTS. 

Maysville,  Supreme  Court.  Sandwich  Islands,  1845-55 

Fiiyette  county,  United  States  judge,  Ohio. 
G.arrard  county,         "  "  "       Kentucky,       1826-34 

Wayne  co.,  Supreme  Court,  United  States,  1837-65 

"  "       Tennessee.  1824-36 

Mason  county,      United  States  Judge,  Michigan  Ter.,    1805 


Lorin  Andrews, 

Charles  W'ylling  Bird, 

John  Boyle, 

John  Catron, 

John  Catron, 

John  Coburn  (declined). 


360 


STATISTICS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


Names. 

From  Whence. 

Where  Stationed. 

John  Coburn  (declined), 

Mason  county. 

United  States  Judge,  Orleans  Ter., 

1805-09 

Thomas  T.  Davis, 

,       "           "           "        Indiana. 

Joseph  E.  Davis, 

Logan  county. 

Supreme  Court,  Mississippi. 

Henry  Humphreys, 
Josiah  Stoddard  Johnston 

Lexington, 

Supreme  Court,  Texas. 

,  Mason  county. 

United  States  Judge,  Louisiana, 

1815 

B.  Johnson, 

"       Arkansas. 

Thomas  J.  Lacy, 

Ne°lsorro°unty, 

"           "           "             " 

Judge  Lewis, 

Jessamine  co.. 

Supreme  Court,  Louisiana. 

John  McLean, 

Mason  county. 

"      United  States, 

1829-62 

John  McKinley, 

Jefferson  co.. 

"             "           "           " 

1S37-52 

Samuel  F.  Miller, 

Richmond, 

It             «           «           « 

1862 

Benjamin  B.  Meeker, 

Flemingsburg, 

United  States  Judge,  Minn.  Ter., 

1853-58 

Nathaniel  Pope, 

Jefferson  county^ 

,        "           "           "       Illinois, 

1819 

John  C.  Richardson, 

Fayette  county. 

Supreme  Court,  Missouri, 

1849-55 

John  M.  Robinson, 

Scott  county, 

"       Illinois. 

Anthonv  Thornton, 

Paris, 

"           "      Illinois, 

1870-77 

John  Buckner  Thruston, 

Louisville, 

United  States  Judge,  Orleans  Ter., 

,        1805 

John  Buckner  Thruston, 

Louisville, 

"       Dist.ofCol., 

1809-45 

Thomas  Todd, 

Frankfort, 

Supreme  Court  United  States. 

Robert  Trimble, 

Paris, 

United  States  Judge,  Kentucky, 

1316-26 

Robert  Trimble, 

Paris, 

Supreme  Court,  United  States, 

1826-28 

William  F.  Trimble, 

Flemingsburg, 

"      Oregon, 

1870 

E.  Turner, 

Fayette  county, 

"     Mississippi. 

Fielding  L.  Turner, 

Fayette  county. 

"      Louisiana. 

Robert  B.  Warden, 

Bardstown, 

"      Ohio, 

1854-55 

Samuel  R.  Overton, 

Fayette  county. 

Commissioner  Spanish  Claims  in  Florida. 

John  Rowan, 

Louisville, 

Commissioner  Mexican  Claims, 

1839 

Wm.  Henry  Wadsworth, 

Maysville, 

1869 

PRESIDING   OFFICERS   OF    CONGRESS. 

David  R.  Atchison, 

Fayette  county, 

Pres'tj^roton.  of  Senate,    1845^9 

,  185.3-55 

Linn  Boyd, 

Trigg  County, 

Speaker  House  Representatives, 

1851-55 

John  C.  Breckinridge, 

Lexington, 

President  Senate, 

1857-61 

Jesse  D.  Bright, 

Covington, 

President  pro  tern.  Senate, 

1855-57 

John  Brown, 

Frankfort, 

President  nro  (era.  Senate, 

1803-04 

Henry  Clay, 

Lexington, 

Sp'ker  H'se  Rep.,  18U-14, 1815-20, 1823-25 

Richard  M.  Johnson, 

Scott  county, 

President  Senate, 

1837^1 

John  Pope, 

Washington  co.. 

President  pro  tern.  Senate, 
Speaker  House  Representatives, 

1810-11 

John  White, 

Richmond, 

1841^4 

Thomas  Dougherty, 

Clerk  House  Representatives, 

1815-22 

James  C.  Allen, 

Shelbyville, 

Clerk  House  Representatives, 

1857-59 

« 

UNITED   STATES    SENATORS. 

David  R.  Atchison, 

Fayette  county. 

From  Missouri, 

1845-55 

Francis  P.  Blair,  Jr., 

Lexington, 

1871-77 

Jesse  D.  Bright, 

Covington, 

"     Indiana, 

1845-62 

Ben.  Gratz  Brown, 

Frankfort, 

"      Missouri, 

1860-67 

Frankfort, 

"      Louisiana,                   1812-17,1819-24 

Thomas  Corwin, 

Bourbon  county 

,      "      Ohio, 

1845-50 

Jefferson  Davis, 

Christian  co.. 

•i     Mississippi,                1847-53 

, 1857-61 

Henry  Dodge, 

Jefferson  county,     "     Wisconslh, 

1849-57 

Solomon  U.  Downs, 

"      Louisiana, 

1847-53 

Ninian  Edwards, 

Logan  county, 

"      Illinois, 

1818-24 

Felix  Grundy, 

Washington  CO., 

"      Tennessee,                        1829 

-38,  1840 

Edward  A.  Hannegan, 

Maysville, 

"      Indiana, 

1S43-46 

H.  P.  Haun, 

Scott  county. 

"      California, 

1859-60 

Josiah  Stoddard  Johnstoi 

1,  Mason  county. 

"      Louisiana, 

1824-33 

Robert  W.  Johnson, 

Scott  county. 

•'      Arkansas, 

1853-61 

Henry  S.  Lane, 

Bath  county. 

"      Indiana, 

1861-67 

Lewis  F.  Linn, 

Jefferson  county 

,      "      Missouri, 

1833^3 

John  McKinley, 

•Tcfferson  county,     "      Alabama, 

1826-31 

John  McLean, 

Logan  county. 

"      Illinois,                       1824-25 

,  1829-30 

Allan  B.  Magruder, 

Lexington, 

"      Louisiana, 

1812-13 

John  Norvell, 

Lexington, 

"      Michigan, 

1835-41 

Thomas  B.  Read, 

Mercer  county. 

"      Mississippi,                      1826 

-27.  1829 

John  M.  Robinson, 

Scott  county. 

''      Illinois, 

1830-42 

James  Semple, 

Albany, 

1843-17 

james  Whitcomb, 

Lexington, 

"     Indiana, 

1849-52 

Richard  Yates, 

Warsaw, 

"      Illinois, 

1865-71 

MEMBERS   OF   CONGRESS,  ETC. 
MEMBERS    OF    CONGRESS— HOUSE    OF    REPRESENTATIVES. 


Ni.mes. 

JTrom  Wlience. 

Where  Stationed. 

James  C.  Allen, 

Shelbyville, 

From  Illinois, 

1853-57, 

1862-65 

George  W.  Anderson, 

MaysviUe, 

From  Missouri, 

1866-67 

Thomas  L.  Anderson, 

Green  county. 

"           " 

1857-61 

Francis  P.  Blair,  Jr., 

Lexington, 

From  Missouri, 

1857-61 

Thomas  H.  Blake, 

"     Indiana, 

1827-29 

Ratliff  Boon, 

Mercer  county. 

«           « 

1825- 

■27, 

1829-39 

Samuel  Brenton, 

Gallatin  county. 

«           « 

1851- 

-53, 

, 1855-67 

John  Brown, 

Frankfort, 

"     Virginia, 

1787-88 

John  Brown, 

Frankfort, 

Delegate  from  Kentucky, 

1789-92 

J.  Richard  Barrett, 

Greensburg, 

From  Missouri, 

1859-61 

William  J.  Brown, 

"     Indiana, 

1843-45, 

,  1849-51 

Richard  K.  Call, 

Logan  county. 

Delegate  from  Florida  Ter., 

1823-2* 

Thomas  W.  Chinn, 

Fayette  county. 

From  Louisiana, 

1839^1 

John  B.  Clark, 

Madison  county. 

"     Missouri, 

1857-61 

Daniel  P.  Cooke, 

Scott  county. 

"     Illinois, 

1820-28 

Moses  B.  Corwin, 

Bourbon  county. 

"     Ohio, 

1849-55 

Thomas  Corwin, 

Bourbon  county. 

u           u 

1831^0, 

,  1859-61 

Alvan  CuUom, 

"     Tennessee, 

1845-47 

John  Fletcher  Darby, 

Frankfort, 

"     Missouri, 

1851-63 

Jefferson  Davis, 

Christian  Co., 

"     Mississippi, 

1845^6 

John  G.  Davis, 

Fleming  county, 

"     Indiana, 

1851- 

-55, 

,  1857-61 

Timothy  Davis, 

"     Iowa, 

1867-59 

Henry  Dodge, 

Jefferson  county. 

Delegate  from  Wisconsin 

Ter., 

1841-45 

Benjamin  Edwards, 

Todd  county. 

From  Maryland, 

1793-95 

Elisha  Embree, 

Lincoln  county. 

"     Indiana, 

1847-49 

William  L.  D.  Ewing, 

Logan  county. 

"     Illinois, 

1836-37 

Orlando  B.  Ficklin, 

Fayette  county. 

"           " 

1843-51 

James  B.  Foley, 

"     Indiana, 

1867-69 

Selucius  Garfielde, 

Flemingsburg, 

•'     Oregon, 

1869-71 

Willis  A.  Gorman, 

Flemingshurg, 

"     Indiana, 

1849-53 

Felix  Grundy, 

Washington  CO., 

"     Tennessee, 

1811-14 

Edward  A.  Hannegan, 

Maysville, 

"     Indiana, 

1833-37 

John  J.  Hardin, 

Shelby  county, 

"     Illinois, 

1843^5 

Charles  M.  Harris, 

Woodford  co.. 

"     Missouri, 

1863-65 

Albert  G.  Harrison, 

Fayette  county. 

"           " 

1836-39 

James  M.adison  Hughes, 

Nicholas  county, 

«           <( 

1843^5 

James  Humphrey, 

Louisville, 

"     New  York, 

1859-61 

Bben  C.  Ingersoll, 

Paducah. 

"     Illinois, 

1863-65 

John  Jameson, 

Washington  co., 

"     Missouri,     1830-31 

,  1843-45 

,  1847-49 

Robert  W.  Johnson, 

Scott  county. 

"     Arkansas, 

1847-53 

Josiah  Stoddard  Johnston 

,,  Mason  county. 

"     Louisiana, 

1821-23 

John  W.  Jones, 

Nicholas  county, 

"     Georgia, 

1847-49 

Luther  M.  Kennett, 

Falmouth, 

"     Missouri, 

1855-57 

David  Kilgore, 

Harrison  county. 

"     Indiana, 

1857-61 

Henry  S,  Lane, 

Bath  county. 

<(           i< 

1841-43 

Cornelius  L.  L.  Leary, 

Louisville, 

"     Maryland, 

1861-63 

Abraham  Lincoln, 

Hardin  countv. 

"     Illinois, 

1847^9 

James  J.  Lindley, 

Cynthiana, 

"     Missouri, 

1863-57 

Benjamin  F.  Loan, 

Hardinsburg, 

"           " 

1863-65 

Matthew  Lyon, 

Eddyville, 

"     Vermont, 

1799-1801 

Matthew  Lyon, 

EddyviUe, 

Delegate  from  Arkansas  Ter., 

1822 

Edward  C.  Marshall, 

Woodford  co.. 

From  California, 

1861-63 

Samuel  S.  Marshall, 

Caldwell  county, 

,      "     Illinois, 

1855- 

-67 

,  1866-67 

John  A.  McClernand, 

Breckinridge  co, 

"          " 

1843-51 

John  McKinley, 

Louisville, 

"     Alabama, 

1833-35 

John  McLean, 

Mason  county. 

"     Ohio, 

1812-16 

John  McLean, 

Logan  county, 

"     Illinois, 

1818-19 

John  G.  Miller, 

"     Missouri, 

1863-66 

Charles  F.  Mitchell, 

Flemingsburg, 

"     New  York, 

1837^1 

Elijah  H.  Norton, 

Logan  county. 

1^     Missouri, 

1861-63 

Mordecai  Oliver, 

Anderson  co.. 

1853-57 

Nathaniel  Pope, 

Louisville, 

Delegate  from  Illinois  Ter., 

1816-18 

George  H.  Profit, 

Louisville, 

From  Indiana, 

1839^3 

James  Rariden, 

«               u 

1837-41 

William  A.  Richardson, 

Nicholas  county 

,      II     Illinois, 

1847-55 

J.ames  C.  Robinson, 

1861-65 

John  L.  Robinson, 

Mason  county, 

"     Indiana, 

1849-53 

James  Sidney  Rollins, 

Madison  county 

,      "     Missouri, 

1861-65 

0.  R.  Singleton, 

Jessamine  co., 

"     Mississippi, 

1853-55 

,  1867-58 

Job  E.  Steve^ison, 

Scott  county. 

«     Ohio, 

1869-73 

STATISTICS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


Names. 

From  Whence. 

Where  Stationed. 

John  T.  Stuart, 

Fayette  county. 

From  Illinois, 

1839^3 

Anthony  Thornton, 

Paris, 

«          <i 

1865-67 

John  B.  S.  Todd, 

Favette  county. 

Delegate  from  Dakota  Territory, 

1861-65 

Patrick  W.  Tompkins, 

From  Mississippi, 

1847^9 

Felix  \Yalker, 

Madison  county. 

,      "      North  Carolina, 

1817-23 

John  S.  Watts, 

Boone  county, 

Delegate  from  New  Mexico  Ter., 

1861-63 

James  F.  Wilson, 

Louisville, 

From  Iowa, 

1863-69 

Samuel  B.  Woodson, 

Jessamine  co., 

"     Missouri, 

1857-61 

Kichard  Yates, 

Nelson  county. 

"     Illinois, 

1851-55 

PRESIDENTS  OF  COLLEGES  NOT  IN  KENTUCKY. 

Henry  B.  Bascom,  H,.iinM  , 

Augusta, 

Louisiana  College. 

Henry  B.  Bascom,       " 

Augusta, 

Missouri  University. 

Robert  H.  Bishop, 

Lexington, 

Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio. 

James  Blythe, 

Lexington, 

South  Hanover  College,  Indiana. 

Robert  J.  Breckinridge, 

Lexington, 

Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania, 

1845 

Wm.  L.  Breckinridge, 

Louisville, 

Oakland  College,  Mississippi, 

1860 

Samuel  Brenton, 

Gallatin  county. 

,  Fort  Wayne  College,  Indiana. 

1853 

Jeremiah  Chamberlain, 

Danville, 

Oakland  College,  Mississippi, 

1831 

John  P.  Durbin, 

Augusta, 

Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania. 

Lewis  W.  Green, 

Danville, 

Hampden  Sidney  College,  Virginia. 

John  W.  Hall, 

Covington, 

Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio, 

1860 

John  T.  Hendrick, 

Paducah. 

Stewart  College,"Clarksville,  Tenn 

.,      1859 

AVm.  W.  Hill  (declined), 

Louisville, 

1861 

Louis  Marshall, 

Woodford  CO., 

Washington  College,  Lexington,  V.a.,  1855 

John  A.  MeClung,  (d.cu..d,; 

,    Maysville, 

South  Hanover  College,  Indiana. 

1856 

Wm.  H.  McGuffey, 

Paris, 

Cincinnati  College,  Ohio. 

J.  Lapsley  McKee,  (decline,)  Louisville, 

South  Hanover  College,  Indiana. 

Robert  Desha  Morris, 

Mason  county. 

Oxford  Female  College,  Ohio, 

1860 

Nathan  L.  Rice, 

Paris, 

Westminster  College,  Fulton,  Misst 

)uri,1867 

James  Shannon, 

Harrodsburg, 

University  of  Missouri,  Columbia. 

Robert  G.  Wilson, 

Mason  county. 

Ohio  University,  Athens,  Ohio. 

HIGH  MILITARY  OFFICERS. 

David  B.  Birney, 

Boyle  county. 

Major-General,  U.  S.  Vols.,  Penn. 

,  1862-64 

Francis  P.  Blair,  jr.. 

Lexington, 

"      Mo., 

1863-65 

James  Boyle, 

Russellville, 

"             "            "     Army. 

Wni.  0.  Butler, 

Carrollton, 

"     Vols.,  Mexican  War. 

George  Rogers  Clark, 

Louisville, 

"             "         Armies  of  France, 

1793 

Cassius  M.  Clay, 

Madison  county 

,      "             "         U.S.  Vols.,  Ky., 

1862-63 

Thomas  L.  Crittenden, 

Frankfort, 

"         "       Ky., 

1862-65 

George  Croghan, 

Jefferson  county 

,      "             "            "     Army. 

Joseph  Desha, 

Mason  county, 

"             "            "     Vols.,          War  1812. 

Thomas  S.  Jesup, 

Mason  county, 

"              "             <•      Army, 

1848 

John  A.  McClernand, 

Breckinridge  co 

.      "             "            '■  Vols.,  Illinois 

,  1862-65 

Ormsby  M.  Mitchell, 

Union  county. 

"             "            "         "      Ohio, 

1862 

William  Nelson, 

Maysville, 

"       Ky., 

1862 

Lovell  H.  Rousseau, 

Louisville, 

"         "      Ky., 

1862-65 

Zaohary  Taylor, 

Jefferson  county 

,      "             "            "     Army, 

1846^9 

Thomas  J.  Wood, 

Munfordsville, 

"     Vols.,  Ky., 

1865 

D.  McReynolds, 

Russellville, 

Surgeon-General,  U.  S.  Army, 

1846 

N.  Wilson  Duke, 

Woodford  CO., 

Captain  U.  S.  Navy, 

1850 

William  Nelson, 

Maysville, 

Lieutenant-Commander,  U.  S.  Navy,    1861 

Garret  J.  Pendergrast, 

Commodore,  U.  S.  Navy, 

I860 

John  Boyle, 

Danville, 

Adjutant-General  of  Kentucky, 

1863-64 

John  W.  Finncll, 

Covington, 

"             "                      " 

1861-63 

Daniel  W.  Lindsay, 

Frankfort, 

<i             .(                     « 

1864-67 

Robert  Anderson, 

Jefferson  county 

,  Brigadier-General,  U.  S.  Army, 

1861-71 

Wm.  McDowell  Birney, 

Boyle  county, 

"Vols.,  Mich, 

,,1863-65 

James  E.  Blythe, 

Lexington, 

"      "      Ind., 

1862-65 

Jeremiah  T.  Boyle, 

Danville, 

"      "      Ky., 

1S61-64 

Stephen  G.  Burbridge, 

Georgetown, 

"      "      Ky., 

1862-65 

Thos.  E.  Bramlette  (d«Un»i,i 

Columbia, 

"      •■      Ky., 

1863 

Green  Clay, 

Madison  county 

,          "             "             "      "      Ky., 

AVarl812 

John  T.  Croxton, 

Paris, 

"      "      K"y., 

1864-65 

Speed  Smith  Fry, 
Theophilus  T.  Garrard, 

Danville, 

"      •'      Ky., 

1862-65 

Manchester, 

"      "      Ky., 

1862-64 

Edward  H.  Hobson, 

Green.^bnrg, 

"            "      "      Ky., 

1862-65 

James  S.  Jackson, 

Hopkinsville, 

"      •'      Ky., 

1862 

'O^GZV,' 


Eugrfl-v-ed     foi-    ColHiis"  Historr    of    KentiiC  Uy 


MILITARY  OFFICERS. 


Kiohmond, 
Frankfort, 
Greensburg, 
Scott  county, 
Shelbyville, 


Names.  From  Wheace. 

Richard  W.  Johnson,  Louisville, 

Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  Mason  county, 
Benjamin  F.  Loan  (Mo.),  Hardinsburg, 
Eli  Long,  Scott  county, 

Thomas  Marshall,  Lewis  county, 

Ureen  Clay  Suiith,  Covington, 

jMBies  M.  Shackleford, 
William  P.  Sanders, 
William  T.  Ward, 
Lewis  D.  Watkins, 
Walter  C.  Whitaker, 


Albert  Sidney  Johnston, 
Simon  B.  Buckner, 
John  B.  Hood  (Texas), 
Richard  Taylor  (La.), 
John  C.  Breckinridge, 
George  B.  Crittenden, 
Humphrey  Marshall, 
William  Preston, 
Gustavus  W.  Smith, 
Daniel  Adams, 
Abrara  Buford, 
George  B.  Cosby, 
Basil  W.  Duke, 

Roger  W.  Hanson, 
James  Morrison  Hawes, 
Ben  Hardin  Helm, 
George  B.  Hodge, 
Claiborne  F.  Jackson  (M( 
Joseph  H.  Lewis, 
Hylan  B.  Lyon, 
John  H.  Morgan, 
Thomas  H.  Taylor, 
Lloyd  Tilghman, 
John  S.  WUliams, 


Where  Stationed. 
adier-General,U.S.Vols.,Ky.,  1861-65 


Bath  county, 
Jefferson  county 
Lexington,         M 
Frankfort, 
Louisville, 

Scott  county, 
Frankfort,  B 

Woodford  CO., 


Hardin  county, 
port, 
ling  county. 


.)F1. 
Gli 
Eddyville, 
Lexington, 
Frankfort, 
Paducah, 
Mountsterling, 


1860-61 

s.,Mo. 

, 1862-65 

Ky., 

,  1864-66 

Ky.,Mex.War. 

Ky., 

,  1862-63 

Kv., 

,  186.3-64 

Ky., 

1S63 

Kv. 

,  1861-65 

Ky. 

,  1866-66 

Ky-, 

,  1863-65 

'  Army, 

,  1861-62 

'  Army, 

,  1864-65 

1863-65 

1863-65 

" 

1862-65 

" 

1862-65 

1' 

1863-65 

1863-65 

1861-63 

" 

1865 

" 

1862-65 

1' 

1864-65 

1864-65 

" 

1864-65 

1862-63 

" 

1861-65 

" 

1862 

1864-65 

" 

1861 

1863-65 

" 

1864-65 

1863-64 

-65 


SPEAKERS  OP  THE  KENTUCKY  LEGISLATURE,  1792-1S73. 
Date.  Senate.  House  of  Representatives. 

1792,  June  4.  Alexander  S.  Bullitt Robert  Breckinridge. 

179j^  Nov.   4.  Alexander  S.  Bullitt Robert  Breckinridge. 

1794,  Nov.   3.  Alexander  S.  Bullitt Robert  Breckinridge. 

1795,  Nov.    2.  Alexander  S.  Bullitt Robert  Breckinridge. 

1796,  Nov.    7.  Alexander  S.  Bullitt Edmund  Bullock. 

1797,Nov.27.  Alexander  S.  Bullitt Edmund  Bullock, 

1798,  Nov.   6.  Alexander  S.  Bullitt Edmund  Bullock. 

1799,  Alexander  S.  Bullitt John  Breckinridge. 

1800,  Alexanders.  Bullitt,  lstLieut.Gov.  John  Breckinridge. 

1801,  Nov.   2.  Alexander  S.  Bullitt John  Adair. 

1802,  Alexander  S.  Bullitt John  Adair. 

1803,  Alexanders.  Bullitt John  Adair  (resigned);  W.  Logan. 

1804,  John  Caldwell,*  2d  Lieut.  Gov William  Logan. 

1805,  Nov.  4.  Thomas  Posey,  acting  Lieut.  Gov.  William  Logan. 

1806,  Nov.  3,  Thomas  Posey,       "  "  "      AVilliam  Logan  (unanimously). 

1807,  Dec.  28,  Green  Clay,  "  "  "      Henry  Clay. 

1808,  Dec.  12.  Gabriel  Slaughter,  3d  Lieut.  Gov.  William  Loo-an. 

1809,  Dee.    4.  Gabriel  Slaughter,  "  William  Lean. 

1810,  Dec.    3.  Gabriel  Slaughter,  "  John  Simpson. 
18)1,  Dec.    2.  Gabriel  Slaughter,              "  John  Simpson. 

1812,  Richard  Hickman,  4th  Lieut.  Gov.  Joseph  H.  Hawkins. 

1813,  Dec.    6.  Richard  Hickman,  "  Joseph  H.  Hawkins 

1814,  Dec.    5.  Richard  Hickman,  "  AVilliam  T   Barry 

1815,  Dec.    4.  Richard  Hickman,  "  John  J.  Crittenden. 

1816,  Dec.    2.  Edmund  Bullock,  acting  Lieut.  Govf  John  J.  Crittenden  (unanimously) 

1817,  Dec.    1.  Robert  Ewing,  "  Joseph  Cabell  Breckinridn-e. 

1818,  Dec.    7.  William  B.  Blackburn,  "  Joseph  Cabell  Breckinridge. 

1819,  Dec.    6.  Wm.  B.  Blackburn  (unanimously)  Martin  D.  Hardin 

1820,  Oct.  16.  William  T.  Barry,  6th  Lieut.  Gov.  George  C.  Thompson. 

1821,  William  T.  Barry,  "  Geo.  C.  Thompson  (unanimously). 


364  SPEAKERS  OF  LEGISLATURE. 

Date.  Senate,  Hoiiee  of  Kepresentatives. 

1822,  May  13.  William  T.  Barry,  6th  Lieut.  Gov.     Geo.  C.  Thompson  (unanimously). 
Oct.  21.  William  T.  Barry,  "  Kichard  C.  Anderson. 

1823,  Nov.   3.  William  T.  Barry,  "  George  Robertson. 

1824,  Nov.    1.  Robert  B.  McAfee,  7th  Lieut.  Gov.  Robert  J.  Ward. 

1825,  Nov.    7.  Robert  B.  McAfee,  "  George  Robertson  (unanimously). 

1826,  Dec.    4.  Robert  B.  McAfee,  "  George  Robertson. 

1827,  Dec.    3.  Robert  B.  McAfee,  "  John  Speed  Smith. 

1828,  Dec.    1.  John  Breathitt,  8th  Lieut.  Gov Tunstall  Quarles. 

1829,  Dec.    7.  John  Breathitt,  "  John  J.  Crittenden  (unanimouslv) 

1830,  Dec.    6.  John  Breathitt,  "  John  J.  Crittenden. 

1831,  Nov.   7.  John  Breathitt,  "  John  J.  Crittenden  (unanimouslv) 

1832,  Dec.    3.  James  T.  Morehead,  9th  Lieut.  GovJJohn  J.  Crittenden  (unanimously) 

1833,  Dec.  31.  James  T.  Morenead,  "  Richard  B.  New. 

1834,  Dec.  31.  James  Clark,  acting  Lieut.  Gov....  Charles  A.  Wiekliffe. 

1835,  Dec.  28.  Wm.  B.  Blackburn,  "(unan.)  John  L.  Helm. 

1836,  Dec.    5.  Charles  A. Wiekliffe,  10th  Lieut.Gov||John  L.  Helm. 

1837,  Dec.    4.  Charles  A.  Wiekliffe,  "  Robert  P.  Letcher. 

1838,  Dec.    3.  Charles  A.  Wiekliffe,  "  Rob't  P.  Letcher(without  opposi'u 

1839,  Deo.    2.  Samuel  Han.=on,  acting  Lieut.  Gov.  John  L.  Helm. 

1840,  Aug.  19.  Samuel  Hanson  [called  session.]...  Chas.  S.  Morehead  (with'topposi'n 
Dec.    7.  Manlius  V.  Thomson,  11th  Lt.  Gov.  Chas.  S.  Morehead  (unanimously). 

1841,  Dec.  31.  Manlius  V.  Thomson,  "  Charles  S.  Morehead. 

1842,  Dec.  31.  Manlius  V.  Thomson,  "  John  L.  Helm. 

1843,  Dec.  30.  Manlius  V.  Thomson,  "  John  L.  Helm. 

1844,  Dec.  31.  Archibald  Dixon,  12th  Lieut.  Gov.  Charles  S.  Morehead. 

1845,  Dec.  31.  Archibald  Dixon,  '•  Joseph  R.  Underwood. 

1846,  Dec.  31.  Archibald  Di.'ton,  "  Leslie  Combs. 

1847,  Dec.  31.  Archibald  Dixon,  "  James  F.  Buckner. 

1848,  Dec.  .30.  John  L.  Helm,  13th  Lieut.  Gov Gwyn  Page. 

1849,  Dec.  31.  John  L.  Helm,  "  J         Thomas  W.  Riley. 

1850,  Nov.   4.  Ben.  Edwards  Grey,  act'g  Lt.  Gov.  George  W.  Johnston  (Shelby  co.) 

1851,  Nov.    3.  John  B.  Thompson,  14th  Lt.  Gov.«|George  Robertson. 
1853,  Dec.  31.  Henry  G.  Bibb,  acting  Lieut.  Gov.  Charles  G.  Wintorsmith. 
1855,  Dec.  31.  James  G.  Hardy,  15th  Lieut.  Gov.®«John  B.  Huston. 
1857,  Dec.    7.  John  Q.  A.  King,  acting  Lieut.  Gov  Daniel  P.  White. 
1859.  Dec.    5.  Lynn  Bovd,  16th  Lieut.  Gov.ft         David  Meriwether. 

Dec.    5.  Thomas  P.  Porter,  pro  (em 

Deo.  21.  Thomas  P.  Porter,  acting  Lt.  Gov. 

1861,  Sept.  2.  James  F.  Robinson  (resigned) Richard  A.  Buckner,  Jr. 

Sept.  5.  John  F.  Fisk,  acting  Lieut.  Gov.  (resigned  Aug.  16,  1862.) 

1862,  Aug.  16.  James  F.  Robinson  (became  Gov.  Aug.  IS.) 
Aug.  18.  John  F.  Fisk,  acting  Lieut.  Gov... 

1863,  Dec.     7.     Richard  T.  Jacob,  17th  Lieut.  Gov.  Harrison  Taylor. 
1865,  Jan.    3.     John  B.  Bruner,  pro  tern.,  while  Col.  Jacob  was  in  exile. 

Dec.    4.  Richard  T.  Jacob,  Lieut.  Gov Harrison  Taylor. 

1867,  Deo.    2.  William  Johnson,  acting  Lt.  Gov. tfjohn   T.  Bunch. 

1869,  Dec.    6.  Preston  H.  Leslie,      "        "       ||||       John  T.  Bunch  (unanimously). 

1871,  Feb.  16.  G.  A.  C.  Holt, 

Dee.    4.  John  G.  Carlisle,  19th  Lieut.  Gov.  James  B.   McCreary. 

1873,  Dec.    1.  John  G.  Carlisle,  "  James  B.  McCreary. 

«  Gen.  John  Caldwell,  the  2d.  lieutenant  governor,  died  Nov.  19,  1804,  while  pre- 
siding over  the  senate. 

t  The  5th  lieutenant  governor,  Gabriel  Slaughter,  became  governor,  Oct.  21,  1816, 
upon  the  death  of  Gov.  Geo.  Madison,  and  did  not  preside  .as  speaker  of  the  senate. 
He  had  been  the  3d  lieutenant  governor,  and  presided  over  the  senate  for  four  years. 

\  James  T.  Morehead,  the  9th  lieutenant  governor,  became  governor  Feb.  22,  1834, 
upon  the  death  of  Gov.  John  Breathitt. 

II  The  10th  lieutenant  governor,  Chas.  A.  Wiekliffe,  became  governor,  Oct.  6,  1836, 
after  the  death  of  Gov.  James  Clark. 

§  Gov.  John  J.  Crittenden  resigned,  July  31,  1850,  to  become  U.  S.  attorney  general, 
and  Lieut.  Gov.  Helm  became  governor. 

^  John  B.  Thompson,  14th  lieut.  governor,  resigned  1853,  to  become  U.  S.  senator. 

«■"■  James  G.  Hardy,  15th  lieutenant  governor,  died  during  his  term,  in  1857. 

tt  Lynn  Boyd,  16th  lieutenant  governor,  died  soon  after  his  term  began,  Dec.  17, 
1859,  and  never  presided  as  speaker  of  the  senate. 

XX  John  W.  Stevenson,  18ih  lieutenant  governor,  became  governor,  owing  to  the 
death  ol  Gov.  John  L.  Helm,  Sept.  8,  1867,  and  never  presided  over  the  senate. 

III!  Gov.  Stevenson  resigned,  Feb  13,  1871,  and  Preston  H.  Leslie  became  governor. 


GOVERNMENTAL  STATISTICS 
OF 

KENTUCKY  BEFORE  SHE  BECAME  A  STATE. 


GOVERNORS  OF  VIRGINIA,  WHILE  KENTUCKY  WAS  A  PART  OF  IT. 

Robert  Dinwiddie— called  "  lieutenant-govi 
land  early  in  1752,  and  departed  in  Jan.,  175 
time  by  John  Blair,  president  of  the  council. 

The  Earl  of  Loudoun  was  appointed  by  the  King  the  successor  of  Dinwiddie,  and 
came  to  Philadelphia,  but  never  to  Virginia. 

Francis  Fauquier  was  appointed  lieutenant-governor,  and  reached  Virginia  in  1758. 
He  continued  governor  until  his  death,  early  in  1768;  when  John  Blair,  who  was  still 
president  of  the  council,  again  acted  as  governor. 

In  Nov.,  1768,  Norborne  Berkeley,  Baron  de  Botetourt,  arrived  in  Virginia  as  gov- 
ernor-in-chief. "  Solicitous  to  gratify  the  Virginians,  Botetourt  pledged  his  life  and 
fortune  to  extend  the  boundary  of  the  State  on  the  west  to  the  Tennessee  river,  on  the 
parallel  of  36°  30'.  This  boundary,  Andrew  Lewis  and  Dr.  Thomas  Walker  wrote, 
would  give  some  room  to  extend  the  settlements  for  ten  or  twelve  years."®  Botetourt 
died,  Oct.,  1770,  after  two  years'  service,  in  which  he  proved  himself  a  friend  of  Vir- 
ginia. The  Colonial  assembly  erected  a  statue  in  honor  of  him,  in  front  of  William  and 
Mary  College  at  Williamsburg — which  was  destroyed  by  some  vandalism  in  the  Federal 
army,  about  1864. 

In  1772,  John  Murray,  Earl  of  Dunmore  (generally  called  Gov.  Dunmore),  was 
transferred  from  the  governorship  of  New  York  to  that  of  Virginia.  He  was  the  last 
colonial  governor.  He  sent  out  surveying  parties  in  1773  and  1774  to  survey  for  him- 
self lands  along  and  near  the  Ohio  river. 

June  29,  1776,  Patrick  Henry,  Jr.,  the  great  orator  of  the  Revolution,  was  elected 
the  first  republican  governor  of  Virginia— receiving  60  votes,  to  45  cast  for  Thomas 
Nelson,  Sen.,  in  the  convention.  The  governors  of  the  State  of  Virginia,  up  to  the 
time  of  the  separation  of  Kentucky  and  its  admission  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  were  ; 

June  29,  1776 Patrick  Henry.  Dec,  1784 Patrick  Henry. 

June  1,  1779 Thomas  Jefferson.       Dec,  1786 Edmund  Randolph. 

June  12,  1781 Thomas  Nelson.  Dec,  1788 Beverly  Randolph. 

Nov.,  1781 Beuj.  Harrison.  Dec,  1791    Henry  Lee. 

MEMBER  OF  THE  U.  S.  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES,  1789-92. 
.John  Brown,  one  of  10  representatives  in  congress  from  Virginia,  was  twice  elected 
(1789  and  1791)  by  the  people  of  that  portion  called  Kentucky  district,  and  which,  in 
June,  1792,  became  the  State  of  Kentucky. 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  VIRGINIA  CONVENTION  OF  1788,  FROM  THE 
COUNTIES  NOW  IN  THE  STATE  OF  KENTUCKY. 
[This  list  is  published  elsewhere,  on  page  000  of  this  volume.  The  original  returns, 
examined  in  the  Secretary  of  State's  office  of  Virginia  for  this  work,  show  the  election 
of  John  Miller,  instead  of  AVm.  Irvine,  from  Madison  county.  There  is  no  journal  of 
the  proceedings  of  the  Convention  in  the  Virginia  Library,  by  which  to  decide  who 
was  the  sitting  member.Jf 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  VIRGINIA,  FROM  1775  TO  1791  IN- 
CLUSIVE,  FROM  COUNTIES  FORMED,  IN  1792,  INTO  THE  STATE  OF 
KENTUCKY. 

1775.  Fincaaile  County^  besides  a  large  territory  in  then  western  Virginia,  included 
all  of  what  is  now  the  State  of  Kentucky.  Wm.  Christian  and  Stephen  Trigg 
were  delegates,  at  the  session  of  the  general  assembly,  which  began  July  17. 
At  that  which  began  Deo.  1,  1775,  no  delegates  were  present. 

1776,  May.     Arthur  Campbell  and  Wm.  Russell  delegates  from  Fincastle  county. 

';■  Campbell's  History  of  Virginia,  p.  555.     Bancroft's  United  States,  vol.  vi,  p.  228. 

t  In  Dec,  1873,  the  venerable  Col.  Slierwjn  McKea,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  at  the  request  of  Hon. 
Janiea  McDonald,  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  made,  for  this  work,  a  thorough 
examination  of  the  Original  Election  Returns— to  ascertain  the  foregoing  list  of  delegates  or 
representatives  in  the  legislature  of  Virginia  from  that  portion  of  the  State  now  included  in 
Kentucky.  R.H.O. 

(365) 


3G6  KENTUCKY  BEFORE  SHE  BECAME  A  STATE.. 

1777.  The  county  of  Fincastle  having  been  divided  into  three  counties  .ind  extin- 
guished, the  new  County  of  Kentucky  va.s  established,  covering  all  within  the 
present  boundaries  of  the  siate.  The  delegates,  this  year,  were  John  ToJd,  Jr., 
and  Kichard  Callaway. 

1778.  Kentucky  County:  Robert  Todd,  Nathaniel  Henderson,  delegates. 

1779.  "  "  Kichard  Callaway,  James  Harrod. 

1780.  "  "  John  Todd,  Stephen  Trigg. 

1781.  Kentucky  County  extinguished — Fayette,  Jefferson,  and  Lincoln  having  been 
formed  out  of  it.  Jefferson  county  ;  Isaac  Cox.  Lincoln  co. :  Benjamin  Logan, 
John  Edwards. 

1782.  Fayette:   Robert  Johnson,  John  Mosby.     XiwcoM;  John  Edwards,  Isaac  Hite. 

1783.  Fayelle  :  John  Crittenden,  Timothy  Paton.  Liricoln  :  John  Edwards,  Caleb 
Wallace. 

[Col.  Daniel  Boone  was  then  sheriff  of  Fayette  county,   and  the  certificate  of 
election  in  his  handwriting  is  preserved  ;  so  also,  the  next  year,  1784.] 

1784.  Fayette:  John  Crittenden,  John  Mosby.  Lincoln:  John  Logan,  George 
Slaughter.     Jefferson :  Philip  Barbour,  Benjamin  Pope. 

1785.  Fayette:  James  Garrard,  Christopher  Greenup.  Lincoln:  Benjamin  Logan, 
John  Edwards.     Jefferson  :  Wm.  Pope,  John  Roberts. 

1786.  Fayette  :  John  Rowan,  Joseph  Crockett.  Jefferson  :  John  Campbell,  Richmond 
Terrell. 

1787.  Fayette:  John  Fowler,  Thomas  Marshall.  Jefferson:  John  Campbell,  Abner 
Field.     Mercer  :  John  Jouett,  Wm.  McDowell. 

1788.  Jefferson  :  Robert  Breckinridge,  Daniel  Brodhead.  Lincoln  :  James  Knox, 
Baker  Ewing.  Bourbon:  Henry  Lee,  Notley  Conn.  Mercer:  Alexander  Rob- 
ertson, Samuel  Taylor.     Madison  :  Green  Clay,  Thomas  Kennedy. 

1789.  Jefferson:  Abner  Field,  Buekner  Thruston.  Lincoln:  John  Logan,  Henry 
Pawling.  Fayette:  Charles  Scott,  John  Hawkins.  Bourbon:  Charles  Smith, 
Jr.,  Notley  Conn.  Madison:  Green  Clay,  John  Miller,  Mercer:  Alexander 
Robertson,  Samuel  Taylor.     Nelson:  John  Caldwell,  Matthew  Walton. 

1790.  Jefferson:  John  Campbell,  Wm.  Shannon.  Lincoln:  John  Logan,  Baker 
Ewing.  Fayette:  Joseph  Crockett,  Robert  Patterson.  Bourbon:  Notley  Conn, 
John  McKinney.  Madison:  John  Miller,  Higgason  Grubbs.  il/a»o?i ;  Alexander 
Dairy  mple  Orr,  Arthur  Fox.  Mercer:  John  Jouett,  Anthony  Crockett.  Nelson: 
Matthew  Walton,  Isaac  Morrison.      Woodford:  Charles  Scott,  John  Craig. 

1791.  The  names  of  Daniel  Boone  and  Wm.  Russell  from  Fayette,  Thomas  Kennedy 

from  Madison, Todd  from  Lincoln,  and Lewis  from  Nelson,  are  all  the 

names  of  delegates,  this  year,  from  the  counties  now  in  Kentucky,  which  can  be 
identified.     There  was  probably  a  full  representation. 

The  election  returns  for  1791  are  lost  or  missing,  and  hence  the  few  names  given. 
These  returns  are  the  most  authentic  evidence  of  right  to  representation,  and  up  to 
the  close  of  the  year  1791  the  only  accessible  source  of  definite  information.  The 
ofiicial  journals  of  the  legislature  do  not  give  a,  list  of  members,  nor  of  the  counties 
which  they  represent. 

The  foregoing  is  gathered  from  the  old  manuscript  certificates,  which  fortunately 
were  not  destroyed  by  the  double  calamities  of  fire  and  war,  which  Richmond  experi- 
enced during  the  Rebellion. 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  CONVENTION  WHICH  FR.\MED  THE  PRESENT  CON- 
STITUTION OF  KENTUCKY ;  ASSEMBLED  AT  FRANKFORT,  OCT.  1,  1S49. 

COUNTIBS.  COUNTIES. 

Adair Nathan  Gaither.  Caldwell Willis  B.  Machen. 

Allen  George  W.  Mansfield.  Calloway  &  Mar- 
Anderson  George  W.  Kavanaugh.  shall Edward  Curd. 

Ballard  and   Mc-  Campbell Ira  Root. 

Cracken Richard  D.  Gholson.  Carroll  &  Gallatin  John  T.  Robinson. 

Barren  Robert  D.  Maupin,  Garter  &  Lawrence  Thomas  J.  Hood. 

John  T.  Rogers.  Casey Jesse  Coffey. 

Bath James  M.  Nesbitt.  Christian  Ninian  E.  Gray, 

Boone Charles  Chambers.  John  D.  Morris. 

Bourbon  Garret  Davis,  Clark Andrew  Hood. 

George  W.  Williams.  Clay,  Letcher,  and 

Boyle Albert  G.  Talbott.  Perry James  H.Garrard. 

Bracken  William  C.  MarshalL  Cumberland     and 

Breathitt  &  Mor-  Clinton Michael  L.  Stoner. 

gan John  H.argis.  Crittenden  Henry  R.  D.  Coleman. 

Breckinridge  Henry  Washington.  Daviess  Philip  Triplett. 

Bullitt William  R.  Thompson.  Estill  and  Owsley.  Luther  Brawner. 

Butler  &  Edmon-  Fayette  James  Dudley, 

son Vincent  S.  Hay.  Robert  N.  Wickliffe. 


STATISTICS   OF   KENTUCKY. 


COUNTIES. 

Fleming  ..  , Selucius  Garfielde, 

Martin  P.  Marshall. 
Floyd,  Pike,  and 

Johnson James  M.  Lackey. 

Franklin Thomas  N.  Lindsey. 

Garrard Johnson  Price. 

Grant William  Hendrix. 

Graves  Richard  L.  Mayes. 

Grayson  John  J.  Thurman. 

Green Thomas  W.  Lisle. 

Greenup  Henry  B.  Pollard. 

Hardin James  W.  Stone, 

Thomas  D.  Brown. 
Harrison  Hugh  Newell, 

Lucius  Desha. 

Hart Benjamin  Copelin. 

Henderson Archibald  Dixon. 

Henry Elijah  F.  Nuttall. 

Hickman  &   Ful- 
ton   Thomas  James. 

Hopkins  William  Bradley. 

Jefferson  David  Merriwether, 

AVilliam  C.  Bullitt. 

Jessamine Alexander  K.  Marshall. 

Kenton John  W.  Stevenson. 

Knox  and  Harlan.  Silas  Woodson. 

Larue James  P.  Hamilton. 

Laurel  and  Rock- 
castle   Jonathan  Newcum. 

Lewis Liirkin  J.  Proctor. 

Lincoln  John  L.  Ballinger. 

Livingston William  Cowper. 

Logan  James  W.  Irwin, 

AVilUam  K.  Bowling. 
City  of  Louisville.  James  Guthrie, 

James  Rudd, 


COUNTIES. 

City  of  Louisville.  William  Preston. 
Madison  Squire  Turner, 

William  Chenault. 

Marion Green  Forrest. 

Mason Peter  Lashbrooke, 

John  D.  Taylor. 

Meade Thomas  J.  Gough. 

Mercer  Thomas  P.  Moore. 

Monroe John  S.  Barlow. 

Montgomery  Richard  Apperson. 

Muhlenburg Alfred  M.  Jackson. 

Nelson  Ben.  Hardin, 

Charles  A.  Wickliffe. 

Nicholas Benjamin  F.  Edwards. 

Oldham William  D.  Mitchell. 

Owen  Howard  Todd. 

Ohio  &  Hancock..  John  H.  McHenry. 

Pendleton John  Wheeler. 

Pulaski  Milford  Elliott. 

Russell Nathan  McClure. 

Scott William  Johnson. 

Simpson  Beverly  L.  Clarke. 

Shelby  Andrew  S.  White, 

George  W.  Johnston. 

Spencer Mark  E.  Huston. 

Taylor  William  N.  Marshall. 

Todd  Francis  M.  Bristow. 

Trigg Alfred  Boyd. 

Trimble Wesley  J.  Wright.      . 

Union  Ignatius  A.  Spalding. 

Warren Chasteen  T.  Dunavan. 

Wayne  James  S.  Chrisman. 

Whitley Thomas  Rockhold. 

Washington  Charles  Cooper  Kelley. 

Woodford  John  L.  W.aller. 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTORS  FROM  KENTUCKY. 

First  Presidential  Election,  1789.— Oi  the  69  votes  composing 
the  Electoral  College,  George  Washington  received  them  all,  and  was  unan- 
imously elected  President  for  four  years.  John  Adams  received  34  votes,  and 
was  chosen  Vice-President;  while  John  Jay  had  9  votes,  Robert  H.  Harrison 
6,  John  Rutledge  6,  John  Hancock  4,  George  Clinton  3,  Samuel  Huntington  2, 
James  Armstrong  1,  Edward  Telfair  1,  and  Benjamin  Lincoln  1.  Kentucky 
was  not  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  State  until  June  1,  1792,  and  therefore 
was  not  entitled  to  vote  at  the  first  election. 

Second  Presidential  Election,  1 793.— The  entire  electoral  vote, 
now  increased  to  132,  was  cast  for  George  Washington,  and  he  was  again 
unanimously  elected  President.  John  Adams  was  chosen  Vice-President, 
receiving  77  votes;  while  George  Clinton  had  .50  votes,  Thomas  Jefferson  4, 
and  Aaron  Burr  1.  The  Electors  from  Kentucky  were: 
Richard  C.  Anderson,         Charles  Scott,         1.  Benjamin  Logan,  2.  Notley  Conn. 

Third  Presidential  Election,  179  7. — -Tohn  Adams  was  elected 
President,  receiving  the  highest  vote,  71  out  of  the  140  votes  cast.  Thomas 
Jefferson  was  elected  Vice-President,  having  the  next  highest  number  of 
votes,  68;  Thomas  Pinckney  had  58  votes,  Aaron  Burr  30,  Samuel  Adams  15, 
Oliver  EUswortli  11,  George  Clinton  7,  John  Jay  5,  James  Iredell  3,  Samuel 
Johnston  2,  George  Washington  2,  John  Henry  2,  Charles  C.  Pinckney  1. 
The  Electors  from  Kentucky  were : 
Stephen  Ormsby,  Caleb  Wallace,  1.  Isaac  Shelby,  2.  John  Coburn. 

Fourth  Presidential  Election,  1801.— 0(-  the  128  electoral  votes 
cast,  no  candidate  received  the  highest  vote.     The  entire  votes  of  New  York, 


368  PRESIDENTIAL   ELECTORS   FROM   KENTUCKY. 

Virginia,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Soutli  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  with  8  from  Penn- 
sylvania, 5  from  Maryland,  and  8  from  North  Carolina — 73  in  all — were  cast 
for  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Aaron  Burr  each,  making  a  tie,  and  thus  devolving 
the  choice  upon  the  House  of  Representatives.  John  Adams  had  65  votes, 
Charles  C.  Pinckney  64,  and  John  Jay  1.  The  Electors  from  Kentucky  were: 
John  Coburn,  Charles  Scott,  1.  John  Pope,  2.  Isaac  Shelby. 

On  Wednesday,  February  11th,  1801,  the  House  of  Representatives  began 
balloting,  in  secret  session,  having  resolved  to  attend  to  no  other  business 
and  nut  to  adjourn  until  a  choice  should  be  effected.  Upon  the  first  ballot, 
eight  States — New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  North  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee — cast  their  one  vote  each  for  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son ;  six  States — New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut, 
Delaware,  and  South  Carolina — gave  their  6  votes  for  Aaron  Burr,  and  the 
votes  of  Vermont  and  Maryland  (because  their  representatives  were  divided) 
were  given  blank.  Neither  had  a  majoritj'.  For  seven  days  the  House  con- 
tinued in  session,  nominally  without  adjournment,  and  balloted  thirty-five 
times  with  the  same  result.  During  this  balloting,  104  members  were  present, 
some  of  whom,  in  consequence  of  infirmity  or  sickness,  were  provided  with 
beds,  and  one  member  was  so  seriously  ill  as  to  require  his  wife's  care  and 
attention.  On  the  afternoon  of  February  17th,  Mr.  Jefterson  was  elected 
Pre.sident — receiving  the  votes  of  Vermont  and  Maryland,  in  addition  to  the 
eight  above  named,  while  those  of  Delaware  and  South  Carolina  were  given 
blank.     Mr.  Burr  became  the  Vice-President. 

Fifth  Presidential  Election,  1805. — Thomas  Jefferson  was  re- 
elected President — receiving  162  of  the  176  votes  cast;  the  remainder  were 
given  for  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney.  For  Vice-President,  George  Clinton 
received  162,  and  Rufus  King  14  votes.     The  Electors  for  Kentucky  were; 


Charles  Scott, 

2.  Ninian  Edwards, 

5.  William  Irvine, 

Isaac  Shelby, 

3.  Hubbard  Taylor, 

6.  William  Roberts. 

John  Coburn, 

4.  Joseph  Lewis, 

Sixth  Presidential  Election,  i5C9.— James  Madison  was  elected 
President — receiving  122  votes;  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney  47,  and  George 
Clinton  6.  For  Vice-President,  George  Clinton  received  113  votes,  Rufus 
King  47,  James  Madison  3,  and  James  Monroe  3.  Kentucky  voted  for  the 
successful  candidates.     Her  Electors  were  : 

Samuel  Hopkins,  2.  Robert  Trimble,  5.  Robert  Ewing, 

Charles  Scott,  3.  Matthew  Walton,  6.  Christopher  Greenup. 

1.  William  Logan,  4.  Hubbard  Taylor, 

Seventh  Presidential  Election,  1813. — .Tames  Madison  was  re- 
elected President,  receiving  (including  those  of  Kentucky)  128  out  of  217 
votes;  the  balance  (89)  were  cast  for  De  Witt  Clinton.  For  Vice-President, 
Elbridge  Gerry  received  131,  and  Jared  IngersoU  85  votes.  The  Kentucky 
Electors  were: 

Robert  Ewing,  3.  Samuel  Murrell,  7.  Richard  Taylor, 

William  Irvine,  4.  Hubbard  Taylor,  8.  Walker  Baylor, 

1.  AVilliam  Casey,  5.  Samuel  Caldwell,  9.  William  Logan, 

2.  Robert  Mosby,  6.  Devall  Payne,  10.  Thos.  Dye  Owings. 

Eighth  Presidential  Election,  1817. — James  Monroe  was  elected 
President — receiving  the  votes  of  16  States,  183  of  the  217  cast;  the  34  votes 
of  three  States,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  and  Delaware,  were  given  for 
Rufus  King.  For  Vice-President,  Daniel  D.  Tompkins  received  183  votes, 
and  was  elected ;  John  E.  Howard  22  votes, blames  Ross  5,  John  Marshall  4, 
and  Robert  G.  Harper  3.     The  Kentucky  Electors  were : 

Devall  Payne,  3.  Robert  Trimble,  7.  Willis  A.  Lee, 

Richard  Taylor,  4.  Alexander  Adair,  8.  Samuel  Murrell, 

1.  Hubbard  Taylor,  5.  Thomas  Bodley,  9.  William  Irvine, 

2.  William  Logan,  6.  Samuel  Caldwell,  10.  Robert  Ewing. 


I 


Snmuel  Murrell, 

3. 

Samuel  Caldwe 

Martin  D.  Hiirdin, 

4. 

James  Johnson 

Ephraim  M.  Ewing, 
Willis  A.  Lee, 

5. 

John  E.  King, 

6. 

Jesse  Bledsoe, 

STATISTICS   OF   KENTUCKY.  3b9 

Mnth  Presidential  Election,  i5^i.— James  Monroe  was  re-elected 
President— receiving  228  votes;  one  vote  only  (from  New  Hampshire)  was 
thrown  for  John  Quincy  Adams.  For  Vice-President,  Daniel  D.  Tompkins 
received  215  votes,  Richard  .Stockton  8,  Daniel  Rodney  4,  Robert  G.  Harper 
1,  and  Richard  Rush  1.     The  Electors  for  Kentucky  were: 

11,  7.  John  Pope, 

I,  8.  Thomas  Bodley, 

9.  Richard  Taylor, 
10.  Hubbard  Taylor. 

Tenth  Presidential  Election,  1825.— '^^e,  vote  of  the  Electoral 
College  had  now  increased  to  261,  requiring  132  to  elect.  John  Quincy 
AdanTs  received  the  votes  of  Maine  9,  New  Hampshire  8,  Vermont  7,  Massa- 
chusetts 15,  Rhode  Island  4,  Connecticut  8,  26  of  the  36  votes  of  New  York, 
I  of  the  3  votes  of  Delaware,  3  of  the  II  votes  of  Maryland,  2  of  the  5  votes 
of  Louisiana,  and  1  of  the  3  votes  of  Illinois— in  all  84.  Andrew  Jackson 
received  tlie  votes  of  New  Jersey  8,  Pennsylvania  28,  North  Carolina  15,  South 
Carolina  U,  Tennessee  11,  Indiana  5,  Mississippi  3,  Alabama  5,  1  vote  of  New 
York,  7  of  Maryland,  3  of  Louisiana,  and  2  of  Illinois— in  all  99.  For  Wil- 
liam H.  Crawford  were  cast  the  votes  of  Virginia  24,  Georgia  9,  5  of  New 
York,  2  of  Delaware,  and  1  of  Maryland — in  all  41.  And  for  Henry  Clay, 
the  votes  of  Kentucky  14,  Ohio  16,  Missouri  3,  and  4  of  New  York — in  all  37. 
John  C.  Calhoun  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  182  votes;  while  Nathan 
Sanford  had  30  votes,  Nathaniel  Macon  24,  Andrew  Jackson  13,  Martin  Van 
Buren  9,  and  Henry  Clay  2.     The  Electors  from  Kentucky  were : 

Joseph  R.  Underwood,  4.  ^y.  Moore,  9.  James  Smiley, 

Richard  Taylor,  5.  Young  Ewing,  10.  John  J.  Crittenden, 

1.  John  E.  King,  fi.  Thomas  Bodley,  11.  Joshua  Fry, 

2.  Joseph  Allen,  7.  Benjamin  Letcher,  12.  Hubbard  Taylor. 

3.  Alney  McLean,  8.  Devall  Payne, 

John  Quincy  Adams  was  subsequently  elected  President  by  the  House  of 
Representatives,  on  the  first  ballot — receiving  the  votes  of  13  States,  including 
Kentucky,  while  7  States  voted  for  Jackson,  and  4  for  Crawford. 

Eleventh  Presidential  Election,  i<S^5.— Andrew  Jackson  re- 
ceived 178  votes  (including  14  from  Kentucky)  and  was  elected  President; 
83  votes  were  cast  for  John  Quincy  Adams.  John  C.  Calhoun  was  re-elected 
Vice  President,  he  receiving  171  votes,  Richard  Rush  83,  and  William  Smith 
7.     The  Electors  from  Kentucky  were : 

Thomas  S.  Slaughter,         4.  John  Younger,  9.  Robert  J.  Ward, 

Rouhen  Monday,  5.  Nathan  Gaither,  10.  Richard  French, 

1.  Matthew  Lyon,  6.  John  Sterrett,  11.   Tandy  Allen, 

2.  Benjamin  Chapeze,  7.  Tunstall  Quarles,  12.  Thompson  Ward. 

3.  Edward  Watkins,  8.  Benjamin  Taylor, 

Twelfth  Presidential  Election,  1833.  —Andrew  Jackson  was  re- 
elected President,  receiving  219  votes.  Henry  Clay  received  the  votes  of 
Massachusetts  14,  Rhode  Island  4,  Connecticut  8,  Delaware  3,  Kentucky  15, 
and  5  votes  from  Maryland — in  all  49.  John  Floyd  received  II,  and  William 
Wirt  7  votes.  For  Vice-President,  Martin  Van  Buren  received  189  votes,  and 
was  elected;  John  Sergeant  49,  William  Wilkins  30,  Henry  Lee  11,  and  Amos 
EUmaker  7.     The  Kentucky  Electors  were : 

Joseph  Eve,  4.  John  L.  Hickman,  9.  John  J.  Marshall. 

Alney  McLean,  5.  Manlius  V.  Thomson,  10.   D.  S.  Patton, 

1.  Benjnmin  Hardin,  6.  William  Owsley,  11.  Ephraim  M.  Ewing, 

2.  William  K.  Wall,  7.  Burr  Harrison,  12.   Martin  Beatty, 

3.  Martin  P.  Marshall,  8.  Thomas  Chilton,  13.  Thompson  M.  Ewing. 

Thirteenth  Presidential  Election,  25,57.— Martin  Van  Buren 
was  elected  President,  receiving  170  votes.  Kentucky  voted  for  William  Henry 
Harrison,  who  received  73  votes;  while  26  were  cast  for  Hugh  L.  White,  14 
for  Daniel  Webster,  and  II  for  Willie  P.  Mangum.     For  Vice-President,' the 

I...  24 


370  PRESIDENTIAL   ELECTORS  FROM   KENTUCKY. 

vote  stood:  Richard  M.  Johnson,  of  Kentucky,  147,  Francis  Grander  77,  John 
Tyler  47,  and  William  Smith  23 — no  one  receiving  a  majority.  [The  Senate 
subsequently  elected  Col.  R.  M.  Johnson.]     The  Kentucky  Electors  were: 

Burr  Harrison,  4.  Robert  Wickliffe,  9.  Richard  A.  Buckner, 

Tlioinas  P.  Wilson,  5.   D.  S.  Patton,  10.  J.  F.  Ballinger, 

1.  Henry  Daniel,  6.  Thomas  Metcalfe,  11.  Christopher  Tompkins, 

2.  William  K.  Wall,  7.   Edward  Rumsev,  12.  Robert  P.  Letcher, 

3.  Philip  Triplett,  8.  Martin  P.  Marshall,  13.  Martin  Beatty. 

Fourteenth  Presidential  Election,  25.4^-~^'"'"™  Henry  Har- 
rison was  elected  President,  receiving,  with  those  of  Kentucky,  234  votes; 
while  60  were  cast  for  Martin  Van  Buren.  John  Tyler  was  elected  Vice- 
President  ;  he  received  234  votes,  Richard  M.  Johnson  48,  Littleton  AV.  Taze- 
well 11,  and  James  K.  Polk  1.     The  Kentucky  Electors  were: 

Richard  A.  Buckner,  4.  William  H.  Field,  9.  Bryan  Y.  Owsley, 

Charles  G.  Wintersmith,        5.  Iredell  Hart,  10.  Martin  P.  Marshall, 

1.  James  T.  Morehead,  6.  Daniel  Breck,  11.  James  Harlan, 

2.  Thomas  W.  Riley,  7.  James  W.  Irwin,  12.  Adam  Beattv, 

3.  Robert  Patterson,  8.  Richard  H.  Menetee,       13.  William  W.  Southgate. 

Fifteenth  Presidential  Election,  1845. — James  K.  Polk  was 
elected  President,  receiving  170  votes;  while  Henry  Clay,  for  whom  Kentucky 
voted,  received  105  votes.  For  Vice-President,  George  M.  Dallas,  the  success- 
ful CT-ndidate,  had  170  votes,  and  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  105.  The  Electors 
for  Kentucky  were: 

Philip  Triplett,  3.  Benjamin  Hardin,  .  7.  R.  A.  Patterson, 

Green  Adams,  4.  Wm.  R.  Grigsby,  8.  Leslie  Combs, 

1.  Benjamin  M.  Crenshaw,  6.  Jos.  R.  Underwood,  9.  John  Kincaid, 

2.  William  W.  Southgate,  6.  Wm.  J.  Graves,  10.  Landaff  W.  Andrews. 

Sixteenth  Presidential  Election,  I^^^.— Kentucky  voted  for 
Zachary  Taylor,  of  Louisiana,  who  was  elected  Pi-esident,  receiving  363  votes ; 
while  Lewis  Cass,  of  Michigan,  received  127.  For  Vice-President,  Millard 
Fillmore,  of  New  York,  received  163  votes,  and  William  0.  Butler,  of  Ken- 
tucky, 127.     The  Electors  for  Kentucky  were  : 

Archibald  Dixon,  3.  Finis  E.  McLean,  7.  Bryan  R.  Young, 

Manlius  V.  Thomson,  4.  William  Chenault,  8.  Leslie  Combs, 

1.  Livingston  Lindsay,  5.  Thomas  W.  Lisle,  9.  Andrew  Trumbo, 

2.  James  L.  Johnston,  6.  Martin  D.  McHenry,  10.  William  C.  Marshall. 

Seventeenth  Presidential  Election,  J 555. —Franklin  Pierce,  of 
New  Hampshire,  was  elected  President,  receiving  254  votes;  Winfield  Scott, 
of  New  Jersey,  received  42,  including  Kentucky.  William  R.  King,  of  Ala- 
bama, for  Vice-President,  received  254  votes,  and  William  A.  Graham,  of 
Georgia,  42.     The  Electors  for  Kentucky  were: 

Joshua  F.  Bell,  3.  John  G.  Rogers,  7.  Thomas  F.  Marshall, 

Charles  S.  Morehead,  4.  Thomas  E.  Bramlette,     8.  John  Rodman, 

1.  Lucien  Anderson,  b.  John  L.  Helm,  9.  Leander  M.  Cox, 

2.  John  S.  McFarland,  6.  Curtis  F.  Burnam,  10.  Thomas  B.  Stevenson. 

Eighteenth  Presidential  Election,  i 5.57. —-Tames  Buchanan,  of 
Pennsylvania,  was  elected  President,  receiving  173  votes,  to  114  cast  for  John 
C.  Fremont,  of  New  York,  and  8  for  Millard  Fillmore,  of  New  York.  John 
C  Breckinridge,  of  Kentucky,  was  elected  Vice-President;  he  received  173 
votes,  William  L.  Dayton,  of  New  Jersey,  114,  and  Andrew  Jackson  Donel- 
son,  of  Tennessee,  8.  Kentucky,  through  the  following  Electors,  voted  for 
Buchanan  and  Brecki  nridge : 

Elijivh  Hise,  3.  I.  T.  Hawkins,  7.  William  D.  Reed, 

John  A.  Finn,  4.  Beriah  Magoffin,  8.  Robert  W.  WooUey, 

1.  John  W.  Stevenson,  5.  George  AV.  Williams,        9.  Richard  H.  Stanton, 

2.  Timoleon  Cravens,  6.  Benjamin  F.  Rice,  10.  Hiram  Kelsey. 

Mneteenth  Presidential  Election,  1861.— 0(  the  popular  vote 
cast  for  President  in  November,  1860,  Abraham  Lincoln,  of  Illinois,  received 


STATISTICS   OF    KENTUCKY.  371 

1,866,452,  or  39.87  per  cent,  of  the  whole;  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  of  Illinois, 
1,37.5,157,  or  29.37  per  cent.;  John  C.  Breckinridge,  of  Kentucky,  847,953,  or 
18.11  per  cent.;  and  John  Bell,  of  Tennessee,  590,631,  or  12.65  per  cent; 
while,  in  the  Blectoral  College,  Lincoln  received  180  votes  and  was  elected, 
Breckinridge  72,  Bell  39,  and  Douglas  only  12  (Missouri).  Hannibal  Him- 
lin,  of  Maine,  was  chosen  Vice-President— he  receiving  180  electoral  votes,  to 
72  cast  for  Joseph  Lane,  of  Oregon,  39  for  Edward  Everett,  of  Massachusetts, 
and  12  for  Herschel  V.  Johnson,  of  Georgia.  The  Kentucky  Electors,  as  fol- 
lows, voted  for  Breckinridge  and  Lane : 


Timoleon  Cravens, 

3. 

John  Doran, 

Thos.  C.  McCrecry, 

4. 

Nat.  Gaither, 

J.  B.  Thompson, 

5. 

M.  R.  Hardin, 

E.  D.  Walker, 

6. 

Edward  W.  Tui 

9.   H.  M.  Rust, 
10.   \Vm.  E.  Arthur. 

Twentieth  Presidential  Election,  1865. — This  occurred  during 
the  civil  war,  and  the  eleven  Confederate  States  did  not  vote,  viz.  :  Alabama, 
Arkansas,  Florida,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  North  Carolina,  South 
Carolina,  Tennessee,  Texas,  and  Virginia.  Kentucky,  Delaware,  and  New 
Jersey  cast  their  21  votes  in  the  Electoral  College  for  George  B.  McClellan, 
of  New  Jersey,  for  President,  and  George  H.  Pendleton,  of  Ohio,  for  Vice- 
President.  The  remaining  212  votes  were  cast  for  and  elected  Abraham 
Lincoln,  for  President,  and  Andrew  Johnson,  of  Tennessee,  for  Vice-President. 
On  the  14th  of  April,  1865,  only  forty-one  days  after  his  inauguration  for  the 
second  term,  President  Lincoln  was  assassinated  by  John  Wilkes  Booth,  and 
Andrew  Johnson  succeeded  him  as  President.  Of  the  popular  vote  cast  in 
November,  1864,  Mr.  Lincoln  received  2.203,831,  or  55.09  per  cent.,  and  Gen. 
McClellan  1,797,019,  or  44.91  per  cent   '  The  Kentucky  Electors  were: 

Frank  Wolford,  3.  I.  C.  Winfrey,  7.  George  S.  Shanklin, 

Thornton  F.  Marshall,  4.  J.  P.  Barbour,  8.  Wm.  A.  Hoskins, 

1.  Thomas  A.  Duke,  6.  William  F.  Bullock,  9.  Harrison  Taylor. 

2.  Burwell     C.  Ritter,  6.  A.  Harry  Ward, 

Twenty- First  Presidential  Election,  1869. — Ulysses  S.  Grant, 
of  Illinois,  for  President,  and  Schuyler  Colfax,  of  Indiana,  for  Vice-President, 
received  3,012,833  votes  at  the  November  election,  1868,  or  52.71  per  cent, 
of  the  vote  cast;  and  Horatio  Seymour,  of  New  York,  for  President,  and 
Francis  P.  Blair,  jr.,  of  Missouri,  for  Vice-President,  received  2,703,249  votes, 
or  47.29  per  cent.  Three  States — Virginia,  Mississippi,  and  Texas,  not  having 
been  "  re-constriicted  " — were  not  allowed  to  vote.  In  the  Electoral  College, 
the  vote  of  Georgia,  7  (which  had  been  cast  for  Seymour  and  Blair),  was  ruled 
out  and  rejected.  Of  the  remainder,  214  votes  were  oast  for  Grant  and  Col- 
fax, electing  them;  and  71  for  Seymour  and  Blair,  viz.;  Kentucky  11,  New 
York  33,  New  Jersey  7,  Delaware  3,  Maryland  7,  Louisiana  7,  and  Oregon  3. 
The  Kentucky  Electors  were  : 

Frank  Wolford,  3.  Wm.  W.  Bush,  7.  George  W.  Craddoek, 

Jesse  D.  Bright,  4.  A.  H.  Field,  8.   Harrison  Cookrill, 

1.  J.  M.  Bigger,  6.  Robert  Mallory,  9.  Thomas  M.  Green. 

2.  Alfred  K.  Bradley,  6.  A.  B.  Chambers, 

Twenty-Second  Presidential  Election,  i57J.— Ulysses  S.Grant, 
of  Illinois,  for  President,  and  Henry  Wilson,  of  Massachusetts,  for  Vice- 
President  (the  Republican  ticket),  received  at  the  November  election,  1872, 
3,597,070  votes,  or  55.93  per  cent,  of  the  vote  cast;  and  Horace  Greeley,  of 
New  York,  for  President,  and  Ben.  Gratz  Brown,  of  Missouri,  for  Vice- 
President  (the  Liberal  Republican  ticket,  adopted  by  the  Democratic  National 
Convention),  received  2,834,079  votes,  or  44.07  per  cent.  In  the  Electoral 
College,  Kentucky,  Maryland,  Georgia,  Missouri,  Tennessee,  and  Texas  cast 
their  votes  scatteringly,  Mr.  Greeley  having  died  since  Nov.  ;  while  the  other 
31  states  voted  for  Grant.     The  Kentucky  electors  were: 

George  B.  Hodge,  3.  R.  S.  Bevier,  7.  Wm.  C.  P.  Breckinridge, 

James  A.  McKenzie,  4.  John   M.  Atherfon,         8.  R.  E.  Lytle, 

1.  John  Q.  A.  King,  5.  Richard  A.  Jones,  9.  Alexander  L.  Martin, 

2.  Eli  H.  Brown,  6.   Hezekiah  Coi,  10.  Henry  L.  Stone. 


.372  GEOLOGICAL   FORMATIONS. 

GEOLOGICAL    FORMATIONS    OF    KENTUCKY.* 

The  geological  formation.s  of  Kentucky,  in  common  with  those  of  the  other 
Western  States  generally,  belong  to  that  great  system  which  extends  from  the 
Alleghanies  on  the  east,  across  the  Mississippi,  and  to  the  Rocky  mountains 
on  the  west.  Throughout  this  vast  territory,  the  primary  fossiliferons,  or  Silu- 
rian Devonian,  and  Carboniferous  rocks  prevail,  with  some  of  the  upper  forma- 
tions. These  comprehend  a  number  of  distinct  formations,  very  unequally 
developed  in  different  parts  of  this  wide  valley,  producing  a  great  variety  in 
the  mineral  and  agricultural  wealth  and  resources  of  different  sections.  Al- 
most all  these  rocks  contain  characteristic  organic  remains,  although  they  are 
found  much  more  abundantly  in  some  strata  and  localities  tlian  in  others. 

These  rocks  all  belong  to  tlie  chiss  which  are  termed  sedimentary,  and  were 
generally  deposited  upon  the  bottom  of  the  primeval  ocean.  The  shells  and 
other  remains  which  they  contain,  no  doubt  once  belonged  to  the  inhabitants 
of  this  ocean;  and,  as  the  animals  died  and  decayed,  their  harder  and  more 
lasting  coverings  were  gradually  covei'ed  up  by  clay  and  sand,  or  limestone,  and 
other  layers  of  shells,  until  at  length,  under  a  heavy  pressure  of  superincumbent 
strata,  and  by  a  slow  and  long-continued  chemical  action,  they  were  converted 
into  solid  rocks;  and,  now  that  the  waters  of  the  ocean  have  retired,  are  ex- 
posed to  our  view  as  the  lasting  records  of  the  earth's  history  during  ages 
long  anterior  to  our  own. 

The  strata  over  nearly  the  whole  surfoce  of  Kentucky  lie  nearly  horizontal, 
with  a  few  dislocations.  They  have  generally  a  slight  dip.  This  dip,  in  the 
lower  strata,  seems  to  be  usually  in  every  direction  from  a  point  near  Cincin- 
nati, on  the  Ohio  river,  as  a  center.  At  this  point  we  see  the  lowest  surface 
rocks  of  the  State  exposed.  As  we  go  up  the  river,  we  meet  with  the  other 
strata  in  succession — cropping  out,  as  it  is  termed — but  sinking  beneath  other 
rocks  as  they  extend  eastward,  and  rising  generally  again  to  the  surface  on 
the  western  slope  of  the  Alleghanies.  If  from  Cincinnati  we  travel  down  the 
river,  we  meet  with  the  same  succession  of  rocks,  but  dipping  to  the  west. 
If  from  the  same  point  we  penetrate  into  the  interior  of  the  State,  we  find  the 
rocks  dipping  southward.  Cincinnati  seems  thus  to  have  been  a  center  of 
elevation,  when  this  central  region  was  lifted  above  the  waters  of  the  ocean. 

But  it  is  necessary  to  be  somewhat  more  minute  in  our  description  of  the 
various  formations.  We  will  begin  with  the  lowest  or  oldest,  and  describe 
them  in  the  order  of  their  superposition. 

FIRST    FOKMATION-THE   BLUE    LIMESTONE. 

This  formation,  which  is  the  lowest  exposed  in  Kentucky,  has  usually  been 
considered  equivalent  to  the  Lower  Silurian  strata  of  Murchison.  In  this  reg- 
ion it  is  almost  entirely  calcareous,  being  generally  composed  of  thin  beds  of 
dark  blue-gray  fossiliferous  limestone,  alternating  with  thin  layers  of  marly 
shale  or  clay;  or,  in  its  lower  members,  such  as  are  exhibited  on  the  Ken- 
tucky river,  at  Frankfort,  and  at  several  other  places  on  the  river  above,  for 
many  miles,  appearing  in  more  ma.ssive,  thick  layers  of  buff  granular  mag- 
nesian  limestone — an  excellent  building-stone,  which  was  used  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  Clay  monument  at  Lexington — and  the  light  bluish-gray  or 
yellowish,  brittle  and  sparry  layers,  which  has  been  called  Kentucky  marble, 
and  polished  for  ornamental  and  useful  purposes. 

Attempts  have  been  made  to  compare  the  rocks  of  this  formation  with  those 
of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania;  but,  as  in  regard  to  all  the  western  strata, 
the  much  greater  prevalence  of  calcareous  matter  in  the  rocks  of  the  west  and 
south,  as  compared  with  those  of  the  north  and  east,  renders  this  task  some- 
what difficult.  It  is  believed,  however,  that  what  has  been  called,  in  Ohio  and 
Kentucky,  the  Blue  Limestone  formation,  commences  above,  with  the  equiva- 
lents of  the  Hudson  river  group  and  the  Utica  slate,  of  the  New  York  geolo- 
gists, and  continues  downward,  in  its  equivalency,  including  their  Trenton, 
Black-river,  Bird's-eye  and  Chazy  limestones,  to  the  equivalent  of  their  Calcif- 
erous  sandstone,  which  is  probably  our  buff  magnesian  limestone  above  men- 
tioned. The  so-called  Kentucky  marble  bears  a  close  resemblance  to  the  New 
Y"ork  Bird's-eye  limestone. 

*  Written  by  Prof.  Bobert  Peter,  M.D.,  1871. 


GEOLOGICAL  FORMATIONS.  373 

Tliis  formation  is  one  of  p:reat  importance  in  Kentucky,  beina;  the  basis  of 
our  f;ir-famed  ISlue-grass  lands.  Accordins;  to  the  report  of  the  late  Dr.  David 
D.  Owen  (State  Geologist),  "The  whole  of  the  slightly-curved  undulating  tri- 
angular area,  having  its  base  on  the  Ohio  river,  between  Garrett's  landing,  in 
Trimble  county,  and  the  eastern  limits  of  Mason  county,  with  its  apex  curving 
a  little  west  of  south,  to  the  Turkey  Neck  bend  of  the  Cumberland  river,  em- 
braces the  axis  of  the  great  blue  limestone  in  Kentucky." — Ky.  Oeol.  Surv., 
vol.  i,  p.  98. 

The  main  surface  exposure  of  this  formation,  however,  is  better  described 
by  him  in  Ky.  Gcol.  Rep.,  vol.  iii,  p.  76,  as  existing  in  a  great  curved  trian- 
gular ai'ea,  the  southern  apex  of  which  terminates  in  Lincoln  county,  and  from 
which  only  a  narrow  strip,  or  axis,  occasionally  to  be  observed  in  the  deep 
cuts  of  the  valleys,  can  be  traced  through  Casey.  Russell,  and  Cumberland 
counties,  to  the  Cumberland  river,  in  Monroe  county. 

Frou)  the  present  appearance  of  this  elevated  table-land  of  Central  Ken- 
tucky and  Ohio,  underlaid  by  the  Blue  Limestone  formation,  it  seems  that,  ia 
former  geological  ages,  the  solid  crust  of  the  earth  was  elevated  in  this  region 
as  thougli  by  the  operation  of  an  internal  force,  so  that  the  various  superim- 
posed strata  were  raised  into  a  mountain,  the  top  of  which,  as  calculated  by  the 
celebrated  Sir  Ch.  Lyell,  was  about  3500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean; 
and  that,  subsequently,  denuding  agencies  have  worn  away  the  summit  of  this 
mountain  down  to  its  present  height  of  about  1400  feet  above  the  sea  level  at 
Cincinnati,  leaving  the  lowest  formation— the  Blue  Limestone — in  the  highest 
central  area  of  the  present  table-land,  and  all  the  other  superimposed  strata 
with  tlieir  upper  exposed  edges  regularly  disposed  around  it — just  as  would 
appear  tJie  several  coats  of  an  onion,  if  a  wooden  peg  was  pushed  from  the 
center  to  cause  an  exterior  protrusion,  and  then  the  summit  of  the  elevatiou 
was  cut  off  with  a  knife.  In  Kentucky,  however,  a  break,  or  separate  axis 
of  elevation,  runs  down  southward,  as  described  above,  from  the  apex  of  the 
curved  triangular  area  of  the  blue  limestone  in  Lincoln  county,  through  Casey, 
Russell,  arid  Cumberland  counties,  to  Monroe  county,  and  into  Tennessee. 

A  remarkable  fault,  or  dislocation  of  the  strata  of  this  formation,  is  described 
by  Dr.  Owen,  in  the  same  volume  (pp.  75,  76),  as  extending  along  the  great 
south  bend  of  the  Kentucky  river,  in  Madison,  Jessamine,  Garrard,  and  Mercer 
counties,  and  elsewhere,  in  which  the  strata  on  one  'side  of  the  river  stand 
three  hundred  and  fifty  feet  higher  than  the  corresponding  ones  on  the  oppo- 
site side.  This  remarkable  crack  and  upheaval  or  subsidence  of  the  strata 
not  only  locally  altered  the  dip  of  the  rocks  to  the  north,  but  has  changed 
the  topographical  configuration,  as  well  as  the  geological  and  agricultural 
features,  of  this  region.'  Here  "the  so-called  Kentucky  marble,  rising  in  bold 
escarpments  of  two  hundred  to  three  hundred  feet,"  hems  in  the  Kentucky 
river  in  this  locality,  and,  with  the  superincumbent  layers  of  limestone,  makes 
picturesque  blutfs  of  four  hundred  leet  of  elevation — the  river  making  its 
way,  in  its  deep  channel,  through  this  immense  crack  in  the  earth's  surface. 
Along  the  course  of  this  fault  or  dislocation  is  also  found,  intgrstratified  with 
the  Kentucky  marble,  the  very  valuable  but!',  granular,  magnesian  limestone 
already  described — these  being  tlie  lowest  rocks  exposed  in  Kentucky. 

SECOND  FORMATION— THE  GRAY  LIMESTONE,  OR  CLIFF  LIMESTONE. 

On  the  Ohio  river  we  find  the  termini  of  this  formation — always  overlying 
the  blue  limestone — near  the  confines  of  Lewis  and  Mason  counties  above, 
and  near  those  of  Trimble  and  Oldham  coujtties  below.  From  these  two 
points  this  formation  appears  as  a  belt,  varyiA^  from  twenty-two  miles  in 
width,  in  Jeffer,son  county,  to  only  a  fraction  of  a  mile,  where  it  enters  Ten- 
nessee from  Monroe  county,  running  iij  a  course  more  or  less  meandering, 
from  its  two  termini  on  the  Ohio,  around  the  blue  limestone  formation.  Its 
dip  corresponds  generally  with  that  of  this  lower  formation. 

This  formation — called  by  the  Oliio  geologists  "  cliff  limestone,"  because 
the  hardness  and  durability  of  some  of  its  layers  causes  it  to  stand  out  in 
liold  cliffs,  and  to  be  the  cause  of  the  falls  of  water  courses — is,  like  the  blue 
limestone,  somewhat  difEcult  to  compare  with  the  European  strata,  or  with 
those  of  the  northern  portion  of  our  continent.     It  is  believed,  however,  that 


374  GEOLOGICAL  FORMATIONS. 

its  lower  beds  are  undoubtedly  equivalent  with  the  Upper  Silurian  strata  of 
Murchison,  and  its  upper  layers  with  some  portion  of  his  Devonian.  In  com- 
parLson  with  the  New  York  system,  this  Kentucky  formation  appears  to  stand 
in  the  place  of  a  large  f;roup  of  twelve  or  thirteen  important  strata  of  the  New 
York  system,  comprising  sandstones,  shales,  and  limestones,  extending  from 
the  Clinton  group  or  Niagara  group  below,  to  the  upper  Helderberg  limestone 
above. 

This  second  Kentucky  formation  can  be  examined  with  great  advantage  at 
the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  at  the  time  of  low  water.  Dr.  Owen  (vol.  i,  Ky.  Geol. 
Rep.,  pp.  95-98)  describes  this  formation  under  the  heads  "chain  coral  and 
magnesian  limestone,"  and  "coralline  falls  limestone;"  the  chain  coral 
limestone  being  the  lowest,  and  to  be  observed  near  Beargrass  Creek  in  Jef- 
ferson county,  and  the  coralline  falls  limestone  being  beautifully  developed, 
and  its  numerous  corals  and  other  fossils  exposed  to  view,  at  times  of  low 
water,  in  a  silicified  coral  reef,  in  the  bed  of  the  Ohio  at  the  falls — ^the  lime- 
stone having  been  worn  and  dissolved  away  from  around  them  by  the  rush- 
ing water. 

This  coral  limestone,  about  fifty  feet  in  thickness,  is  capped  with  an  earthy 
magnesian  limestone,  which  possesses  hydraulic  properties,  and  is  extensively 
manufactured  into  water-cement,  at  the  falls. 

Other  layers  of  this  formation  are  magnesian,  and  furnish  some  of  the  best 
building  stones  in  the  State.  Some  of  these  were  used  in  the  construction 
of  the  court-house  at  Bardstown,  Nelson  county.  Some  of  its  layers  afford 
the  whitest  and  purest  lime  for  building  and  plastering.  The  general  color  of 
the  rocks  of  this  formation  is  light  bluish,  or  greenish  gray,  or  light  gray  buff. 


This  formation,  resting  immediately  on  the  second  formation,  appears  also 
on  the  Ohio  river  at  two  points,  viz. :  in  Lewis  county,  between  the  mouth 
of  Quick's  and  Salt  Lick  creeks  above,  and  at  the  base  of  ihe  falls  of  that 
river,  in  Jefferson  county,  below.  From  these  two  points,  where  the  Ohio 
River  valley  cuts  through  these  strata,  as  they  pass  to  the  north  and  west,' 
this  formation,  like  that  below  it,  sweeps  around  the  gray  limestone  in  a 
meandering,  irregular  belt,  varying  in  breadth  from  eight  or  ten  miles,  in  parts 
of  Lewis,  Bath,  Estill,  and  Madison  counties,  to  that  of  a  fraction  of  a  mile, 
in  Casey,  Russell,  Cumberland,  and  Monroe  counties.  Like  the  second  forma- 
tion, it  passes  into  the  State  of  Tennessee,  near  the  Turkey  Neck  bend  of  the 
Cumberland  river,  in  two  neighboring  narrow  zones,  lying  on  each  side  of  the 
axis  described  under  the  head  of  the  first  formation;  and  its  two  zones,  nearly 
parallel  in  their  north-eastwardly  course  from  the  Tennessee  line  to  the  con- 
fines of  Lincoln  county,  begin  here  to  diverge,  like  those  of  the  second  for- 
mation, so  as  to  surround  and  invest  that  lower  formation.  Its  thickness  at  the 
falls  of  the  Ohio  is  a  little  over  one  hundred  feet,  but  it  varies  greatly  in  this 
respect. 

This  shale  is  generally  quite  bituminous,  so  that  persons  have  been  induced 
to  believe  in  the  presence  of  coal  in  this  formation,  and  to  expend  labor  and 
money  in  search  of  it;  always  to  be  disappointed,  as  no  workable  beds  of  this 
mineral  have  ever  been  found  so  low  in  the  strata  of  the  earth  as  this  in  America. 
The  bright,  brassy-looking,  iron  pyrites  (sulphide  of  iron)  found  in  these 
strata,  sometimes  induces  the  false  expectation  of  a  gold  mine. 

Where  this  formation  sweeps  around,  bounded  on  one  side  by  the  lower 
limestones  and  on  the  other  by  the  sandstones  which  form  the  "Knobs,"  the 
land  is  generally  low,  wet,  and  heavy,  and  mineral  springs  abound.  Petroleum 
has  been  found  in  this  as  well  as  in  tjje  formations  below  and  above  it  This 
black  shale  of  Kentucky  is  supposed  to  represent,  in  the  geological  strata,  the 
Marcellus,  Hamilton,  and  Genesee  groups  of  New  York.  It  is  never  found 
compact  enough  in  our  State  to  be  employed  as  a  slate;  but  it  has  been  treated, 
by  dry  distillation,  at  Vanceburg,  Lewis  county,  for  the  production  of  mineral 
oil,  which  could  not,  however,  compete  in  the  market  with  the  native  petroleum. 
Some  very  interesting  fossil  remains  of  fishes,  with  other  fossils,  were  found 
in  this  shale  mined  for  this  manufactory. 


GEOLOGICAL  FORMATIONS.  375 

FOURTH  FORMATION-KNOB  SANDSTONE. 

This  formation,  which  is  generally  characterized  by  the  presence  of  those 
low  hills  culled  "knobs,"  is  mainly  composed  of  olive-gray  shales,  and  grits 
or  sandstones  of  the  same  tint.  It  is  calculated  by  Mr.  Jos.  Lesley  to  be  350 
to  550  feet  in  thickness,  and  some  of  the  knobs — as  for  example,  the  "  Sweet 
Lick  knob  "  of  Estill  County — rise  500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  streams. 

This  formation  also  sweeps  around  the  central  and  lower  formations,  on  the 
outside  and  above  the  black  shale,  very  much  in  the  same  course  as  already 
described.  The  Ohio  river  valley  cuts  it,  as  it  passes  into  Ohio  and  Indiana, 
in  the  eastern  part  of  Lewis  county  above,  and  in  Jefferson  county,  at  the 
base  of  the  falls,  below. 

According  to  Dr.  Owen  (Ay.  Oeol.  Rep.,  vol.  i,  p.  90):  "A  belt  of  knobby 
country,  about  fourteen  miles  wide,  extends  from  the  foot  of  the  falls  of 
the  Ohio  to  the  mouth  of  Salt  river;  thence  it  bears  up  the  valley  of  that 
stream  nearly  south,  with  a  slight  eastwardly  curve,  to  Muldraugh's  hill,  di- 
viding Taylor,  Marion,  and  Larue  counties ;  occupying  part  of  Bullitt,  to  the 
north-eastern  edge  of  Hardin,  the  western  corner  of  Nelson,  and  a  large  por- 
tion of  Larue;  thence  it  curves  more  to  the  south-east,  through  the  corners  of 
Taylor,  Casey,  and  Adair  counties,"  to  be  continued,  in  the  form  of  low  beds 
of  dark  earthy  limestones  and  marly  shales,  through  Kussell  and  Cumberland 
counties  to  the  Tennessee  line. 

Beginning  at  its  upper  limits,  on  the  Ohio  river,  in  Lewis  county,  we  trace 
it  through  the  north-eastern  part  of  Fleming,  the  northern  portion  of  Rowan, 
through  Bath,  Montgomery,  Powell,  Estill,  Madison,  Garrard,  Boyle,  and  Lin- 
coln, in  its  south-eastern  sweep,  to  Casey  county ;  again,  to  pass,  on  the  other 
side  of  the  central  axis,  to  the  Cumberland  river. 

The  harder  silicious  beds  of  this  formation  are  found  very  valuable  for 
building  purposes  and  for  grindstones.  It  is  very  much  quarried  in  Lewis 
county,  as  well  as  in  Ohio,  where  it  is  called  Waverly  sandstone.  The  best 
layers  are  found  to  be  easily  worked  and  very  durable.  A  peculiar  fucoid 
fossil,  spreading  like  the  tail-feathers  of  a  cock,  characterizes  some  of  these 
layers;  which  are  supposed  also  to  belong  to  the  Devonian  formation. 

FIFTH  FORMATION— CAVERNOU.S  LIMESTONE.— SUB-CARBONIFEROUS 
LrMESTONE.— MOUNTAIN    LIiMESTONE. 

This  formation  is  made  up  of  alternating  layers  of  white,  gray,  reddish, 
buff,  and  sometimes  dark-gray  colored  rocks,  varying  in  quality  from  the  most 
argillaceous  clay  stone  to  the  purest  limestone.  Limestones  predominate, 
however,  which,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State,  contains  numerous  caves,  of 
which  the  celebrated  Mammoth  Cave,  of  Edmonson  county,  is  one,  and  caus- 
ing many  "sinks,"  in  which  the  drainage  water  of  the  country  sinks  to  form 
underground  streams.  Clear  and  copious  springs  mark  the  junction  of 
this  limestone  with  the  underlying  knobstone;  and  its  lower  strata  contain 
in  many  places  the  dark,  flinty  pebbles  which  furnished  the  material  for  the 
arrowheads,  etc.,  of  the  aborigines.  Some  of  its  layers  are  so  compact  and 
close-textured  as  to  be  fit  for  the  lithographer;  others  are  beautifully  white, 
with  an  oolitic  structure.  In  it  are  found  valuable  beds  of  iron  ore,  some 
zinc  and  lead  ore,  and  large  veins  of  fluor  spar. 

The  so-called  Barrens  of  Kentucky  are  located  on  this  formation  ;  so  called, 
not  because  the  soil  is  not  fertile,  but  because  of  the  former  absence  of  timber 
and  the  numerous  sinks.  This  region,  which,  when  Kentucky  was  first  set- 
tled, was  said  to  be  an  open  prairie,  is  now  covered  with  forests  of  trees,  of 
medium  growth,  which  have  since  sprung  up.  Its  land  is  found  to  be  quite 
productive. 

This  formation  is  geologically  important,  being  the  basis  of  the  true  coal 
measures — no  workable  beds  of  that  mineral  having  ever  been  found  below 
this  formation  in  any  part  of  the  world.  It  surrounds  the  coal  fields  on  all 
sides,  and,  like  the  other  lower  formations,  is  believed  to  extend  continuously 
under  them;  appearing  always,  in  its  relative  position,  in  the  beds  of  streams 
or  bottoms  of  valleys  which  are  cut  down  sufSciently  deeply  in  the  coal  meas- 
ures. 


376  GEOLOGICAL   FORMATIONS. 

In  Kentucky,  its  principal  surface  exposure  is  in  the  central  portion  of  the 
State.  The  counties  of  Adair,  Allen,  Barren,  Greene,  Warren,  Logan,  Simp- 
son, and  much  of  Hart,  Edmonson,  Lojian,  Todd,  Trifig,  Christian,  Caldwell, 
Crittenden,  Monroe,  Butler,  Grayson,  Ohio,  Taylor,  and  Larue,  are  mainly 
based  upon  it.  It  comes  to  the  Ohio  river  in  Breckinridge  and  Jleade  coun- 
ties in  its  lower  sweep,  and  in  Greenup  county  in  its  upper ;  skirting  the  west- 
ern edges  of  our  great  eastern  coal  field,  around  through  Carter,  Morgan,  and 
Rowan,  Bath,  Powell,  Estill,  and  Madison,  Jackson,  Laurel,  Kockcastle,  Pu- 
laski, and  down  through  Wayne,  Clinton,  and  Monroe  counties  to  the  Cumber- 
land river. 

SIXTH    FORMATION— THE  CARBONIFEROUS ;  OR  THE  COAL  MEASURES. 

The  lower  member  of  this,  resting  on  the  sub-carboniferous  limestone,  is 
usually  wliat  is  called  the  conglomerate,  millstone  grit,  or  pudding-stone ;  which 
is  generally  composed  of  quartz  pebbles,  more  or  less  coarse  and  rounded, 
cemented  together  with  a  silicious  or  ferruginous  cement,  but  sometimes  rep- 
resented by  fine  sandstone  or  even  shaley  layers,  its  thickness  varies  from 
75  10  300  feet;  it  being  very  thin  in  Greenup  county,  on  its  upper  termina- 
tion, and  thickening  toward  the  south-west.  This  conglomerate  was  formerly 
believed  to  be  the  lower  limit  of  profitable  coal  beds;  but,  in  Kentucky,  as 
well  as  in  other  regions,  two  or  three  workable  beds  of  very  good  coal  are  to 
be  found  beneath  it,  and  above  the  sub-carboniferous  limestone.  This  is  the 
case  in  Rockcastle  county,  on  Roundstone  creek;  in  the  eastern  part  of  Jlont- 
gomery,  in  Bath,  Powell,  Owsley,  and  Morgan,  and  probably  in  other  parts  of 
the  eastern  coal  field,  as  also,  perhaps,  in  the  western.  These  are  called  the 
sub-conglomeratic  coals. 

Where  the  hard  layers  of  this  rock  prevails — the  millstone  grit — the  hills 
are  steep,  cliffs  prominent,  and  the  soil  but  little  productive.  The  principal 
use  of  this  rock  is  for  millstones  or  building.  Iron  ore  is  occasionally  found 
associated  with  these  lower  coal  beds. 

.  The  true  Coal  Series,  based  upon  this  rock,  are  made  up  of  alternating  layers 
of  sandstones,  shales,  conglomerates,  and  limestones,  containing  various  beds 
of  coal,  and  nodules,  and  layers  of  iron  ore. 

The  State  of  Kentucky  is  peculiarly  rich  in  this  kind  of  mineral  wealth, 
having  two  extensive  coal  fields:  one,  called  the  Eastern  coal  field,  including 
the  whole  of  that  part  of  the  State  which  lies  east  of  a  line  running  south- 
west from  the  Ohio  river  at  Greenupsburg,  through  Monticello,  in  Wayne 
county,  to  the  Tennessee  line.  The  other,  called  the  Western  coal  field — an 
extension  of  the  Illinois  and  Indiana  coal  field  from  across  the  Ohio  river — 
occupies  the  whole  of  Union,  Henderson,  Daviess,  and  Hopkins,  and  large 
portions  of  Hancock,  Ohio,  Muhlenburg,  Grayson,  Todd,  and  Butler  counties. 

The  area  of  the  Eastern  coal  field,  as  determined  by  the  survey  of  Joseph 
Lesley,  jr.,  is  8,983  square  miles;  that  of  the  Western,  as  ascertained  by  Sid- 
ney S.  Lyon,  is  8,888  square  miles.  Both  together  give  to  Kentucky  12,871 
square  miles,  or  8,236,940  acres  of  coal  field;  being  more  than  one-third 
greater  than  the  entire  coal  area  of  Great  Britain,  on  which  the  great  wealth 
and  power  of  that  nation  is  founded  ! 

All  this  immense  mineral  wealth,  as  well  as  that  of  the  abundant  iron 
lores  and  other  minerals  of  these  regions,  is  as  yet  but  lightly  appreciated  and 
'feebly  developed ;  lying  as  it  does  mostly  in  the  portions  of  our  State  which 
have  been  measurably  neglected.  But  when  a  well-devised  system  of  internal 
improvements  shall  invite  immigration,  capital,  and  skill  to  these  regions,  they 
may  l)econie  the  most  populous  and  wealthy  portions  of  the  State. 

The  coals  of  Kentucky  are  various  in  quality — from  soft  bituminous  or  cak- 
ing coal,  to  splint  and  cannel  coal.  Much  of  it  is  pure  enough  to  be  used  for 
the  smelting  of  iron,  like  the  celebrated  block  coal  of  Indiana.  These  coals 
are  generally  quite  accessible. 

SEVENTH    FORMATION— THE   QUATERNARY   DEPOSITS. 

These  are  loams,  marls,  clays,  &c.,  found,  principally,  as  a  superficial  layer, 
in  the  extreme  south-western  counties  of  the  Jackson  Purchase,  situated  be- 


GEOLOGICAL   FORMATIONS.  377 

tween  the  Tennessee  and  Mississippi  rivers,  viz.:  Ballard,  Hiekm.Tn,  Fulton, 
Graves,  McCracken,  Marshall,  and  Calloway;  wliich  have  probably  been  trans- 
ported there  by  the  action  of  water  in  recent  ,!;ei>lo<i;ical  time.  They  are  of  but 
little  importance,  although  they  contain  some  local  beds  of  lignite,  and  the  re- 
mains of  some  extinct  animals.  The  soil  upon  them  is  generally  good,  and 
well  suited  to  the  growth  of  tobacco,  itc. 

METALS    AND   OTHER    USEFUL    MINERALS. 

I  ROM.  There  are  several  varieties  of  iron  ore  found  in  Kentucky.  In  sev- 
eral localities  the  bog  ore  is  found  as  a  deposit  from  mineral  springs.  But 
this  is  comparatively  unimportant.     In  addition  to  this,  however,  there  is — 

1st.  The  ore  of  the  coal  measures.  This  ore  is  found  in  layers,  or  else  in 
courses  of  nodules,  in  the  shales  or  sandstones  of  the  coal  fields,  and  is  gener- 
ally an  hydrated  peroxide  of  iron.  When  found  in  layers,  it  is  readily  broken 
into  rectangular  blocks;  otherwise  it  is  taken  from  the  mine  in  round  lumps 
of  various  sizes. 

2d.  The  ore  found  in  connection  with  the  limestone  underlying  the  coal 
measures.     This  ore  is  very  abundant,  and  is  extensively  worked  for  furnaces. 

3d.  Tke  ore  of  ihit  slate  formation.  This  ore,  too,  is  very  abundant,  and  is 
found,  either  in  continuous  strata,  or  in  layers  of  nodules,  in  the  slate  (forma- 
tion three).  It  seems  to  be  a  calcareous  and  argillaceous  carbonate  of  iron 
and  limonite.  In  many  places  where  the  slate  has  been  crumbled  to  pieces, 
and  been  washed  away,  it  is  found  abundantly  on  the  surface.  All  the  above 
ores  are  worked,  more  or  less  extensively,  for  the  furnaces  in  various  sections 
of  the  State. 

"  In  the  coal  fields  of  eastern  and  western  Kentucky  there  appears  to  be  an 
almost  inexhaustible  supply  of  iron  ore.  Over  an  area  of  twelve  thousand 
square  miles  there  may  be  probably  the  thickness  of  one  yard  of  iron  ore  in 
the  coal  formation  alone,  without  counting  the  slate  and  limestone  regions, 
where  there  is  probably  as  much  more.  Each  cubic  yard  of  this  ore  will 
yield,  on  an  average,  one  ton  of  bar  iron,  or  five  thousand  tons  to  the  acre,  or 
3,200,000  tons  to  Ihe  square  mile,  or  38,400,000,000  on  the  twelve  thousand 
square  miles — a  quantity  sufficient  to  supply  a  ton  of  iron  annually  to  every 
individual  in  the  United  States  (estimating  our  population  at  forty  millions  of 
people)  for  960  .years." 

It  will  be  remembered  that  as  much  more  is  supposed  to  belong  to  the  lime- 
stone and  slate  formation. 

Like  the  coal,  the  iron  in  every  part  of  Kentucky  is  very  acce.ssible.  It  is 
spread  over  a  wide  district,  penetrated  in  every  direction  by  navigable  streams, 
and  every-where  accompanied  by  the  fuel  necessary  for  its  reduction.  As  yet 
the  mining  business  may  be  said  hardly  to  have  commenced,  but  it  is  destined 
to  be  the  source  of  great  future  wealth  to  the  State. 

LEAD. 

In  a  variety  of  localities  veins  of  lead  ore  have  been  found  in  the  blue  lime- 
stone (formation  one),  but  nowhere  yet  in  such  abundance  as  to  justify  mining 
operations.  The  cliff  limestone  (No.  two)  and  the  cavernous  limestone  (No. 
five)  do  not  appear  to  be  sufficiently  developed  in  Kentucky  to  furnish  any 
rich  veins  of  this  metal.  No  good  workable  deposits  of  this  ore  have  been 
as  yet  discovered  in  Kentucky. 

SALT. 

According  to  Dr.  Owen,  there  are  "two  great  water  reservoirs  in  the  geo- 
logical formations  of  Kentucky ;  First,  The  great  sandstone  formation  at  the 
base  of  the  coal  measures;  Second,  The  great  sandstone  formation" — not  ex- 
posed in  Kentucky — "lying  below  the  Kentucky  marble." 

In  the  first  of  these  the  water  is  generally  strong  enou.h  to  be  profitable  to 
work,  containing  from  2.5  to  .50  pounds  of  salt  in  the  100  gallons  of  water. 

In  the  lower  sandstone  the  water  of  the  great  artesian  well,  at  Dupont's 
works  in  Louisville,  takes  its  origin. 


*»7»  GEOLOGICAL  FORMATIONS. 

HYDRAULIC  LIMESTONE 
Is  found  in  many  places  in  the  Slate,  and  almost  always  where  shaley  argil- 
laceous layers  alternate  with  beds  of  limestone;  especially  where  the  lime- 
stone and  black  slate  come  together.  Gypsum  has  not  yet  been  developed  in 
any  large  quantities,  although  found  in  many  places.  Nitrates  are  yet  to  be 
obtained  fr(jni  the  limestone  caves,  but  the  manufacture  of  nitre  from  them  ia 
not  now  profitable. 

THE   MINERAL    SPRINGS 
Of  the  State  are  numerous  and  various,  and 

ORGANIC    REMAINS 
Abound,   characteristic  of  the   various   formations. 

A  most  remarkable  locality  is  in  Boone  county,  at  Big  Bone  Lick.  Here 
a  large  number  of  bones,  perfectly  sound  and  well  preserved,  have  been  dug 
up;  and  while  perhaps  in  no  case  has  a  complete  skeleton  been  found,  yet  it 
has  been  computed  that,  to  furnish  the  specimens  carried  ofif  from  this  place 
alone,  there  would  be  required  of  the 

Mastodon  maximus,        .         .         .         .100  individu.als. 
Elephas  primigenius,          ...  20  " 

Megalonyx  Jeffersonia,  ....  1  " 

Bos  bombifrous,         ....  2  " 

Bos  pallasii, 1  " 

Some  of  these  animals,  especially  the  mastodon,  must  have  been  of  extra- 
ordinary size;  and,  while  there  cart  be  no  doubt  that  they  are  now  extinct, 
there  can  be  as  little  that,  geologically  speaking,  they  were  very  recently  ten- 
ants of  the  earth.  Several  skeletons,  more  or  less  perfect,  of  this  immense 
animal,  have  been  exhumed  in  various  other  parts  of  the  State. 

SOILS. 

Perhaps  it  may  be  proper  to  add  a  few  words  in  reg.ard  to  the  connection 
between  the  geology  and  soils  of  different  sections  of  the  State.  It  is  well 
known  that  the  soil  takes  its  character  from  the  underlaying  rock;  that  it  is 
formed  by  its  decomposition,  and  varies  with  it.  In  Kenlucky,  the  blue  lime- 
stone, or  formation  one,  forms  the  richest  soil.  That  beautiful  section  of 
country — the  garden  of  the  State — embracing  Fayette,  Bourbon,  Woodford, 
Scott,  Jessamine,  and  the  counties  between  them  and  the  Ohio  river,  is  under- 
laid by  this  rock.  The  soil  over  this  section  is  not  every-where  equally  fertile, 
but,  altogether,  is  the  best  in  the  State. 

Formation  second  and  formation  fifth  are  both  limestone,  and  form  good  soils. 
The  former  is,  as  has  already  been  mentioned,  developed  only  to  a  very  lim- 
ited extent  in  this  State.  The  latter  covers  a  much  larger  territory.  The 
"Barrens"  are  underlaid  by  it.  The  soil  is  good,  and,  in  some  places,  of  an 
excellent  quality. 

The  slate  and  sandstone  generally  form  poor  soils.  In  .some  places,  how- 
ever, a  proper  mixture  of  limestone  with  the  clay  of  the  slate  forms  an  excel- 
lent soil.  The  soil  over  the  coal  measures  is  generally  poor,  though  it  varies 
much  in  its  qualities. 

GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OF  KENTUCKY. 
A  survey  of  the  State  was  authorized  by  the  General  Assembly,  and  begun, 
in  18.5-1.  It  was  prosecuted  without  interruption  until  the  close  of  18.')9.  The 
corps  consisted  of  the  late  Dr.  David  Dale  Owen,  Principal  Geologist;  and 
Sidney  S.  Lyon,  Edward  T.  Cox,  Leo  Lesquereux,  .Joseph  Lesley,  and  Dr. 
Robert  Peter,  assistants  in  various  departments.  The  report  of  the  survey 
formed  four  royal-octavo  volumes,  with  accompanying  maps  and  illustrations. 
But  .although  an  immense  amount  of  exceedingly  valuable  information  was 
obtained  as  to  the  natural  wealth  of  the  State,  tlie  work  of  the  survey  was 
interrupted  in  the  stormy  times  which  preceded  our  late  civil  war,  before  it 
was  half  completed. 


GEOLOGICAL   FORMATIONS.  379 

It  is  of  great  importance  to  the  interests  of  the  State  that  this  indispensable 
labor  should  again  be  commenced,  and  that  it  should  be  carried  on  to  its 
completion. 


The  earliest  pioneer  visitors  to  Kentucky  spoke  in  raptures  of  the  wonder- 
ful luxuriance  of  its  vegetable  growth,  especially  in  v^hat  has  since  been 
called  the  "Blue  Grass  region;"  and  yet,  although  more  than  a  hundred 
years  have  elapsed,  and  this  soil  has  in  many  localities  been  severely  taxed  in 
the  incessant  production  of  crops,  the  stranger  still  sees  with  admiration,  in 
this  favored  region,  an  almost  unprecedented  fertility ;  exhibited  not  only  in 
the  enormous  growth  of  its  staple  vegetable  products,  but  in  the  weeds  and  in 
the  finer  development  of  the  animals.  Even  man  himself  seems  to  acquire  a 
more  full  and  complete  physical  growth  from  the  more  perfect  nourishment 
afforded  in  the  rich  products  of  the  blue  grass  soil. 

This  famous  soil,  which  is  a  loam  of  very  fine  texture,  containing  no  gravel, 
and  no  sand  coarser  than  fine  flour,  has  evidently  been  formed  in  place  by 
the  slow  decomposition  and  partial  solution  of  the  so-called  "Blue  Limestone," 
(described  as  the  "first  formation"  in  our  account  of  Kentucky  Geological 
Formations,  on  page  372,  ante.) 

The  atmospheric  waters,  always  containing  carbonic  acid  and  other  solv- 
ents, have  gradually  dissolved  the  upper  layers  of  the  limestone  in  the  long 
course  of  geological  time;  leaving  the  earthy  residuum  to  constitute  the  soil. 
This  process,  still  continually  going  on,  while  it  makes  the  water  of  all  the 
springs  and  wells  of  this  region  very  hard,  from  the  quantity  of  dissolved 
limestone  it  contain^;,  is  also  the  principal  means  by  which  the  blue  grass  soil 
measurably  maintains  its  productiveness.  For  the  shelly  blue  limestone  is 
rich  in  the  mineral  elements  necessary  to  vegetable  growth,  and  the  watery 
solution  of  them — the  hanl  water— is  continually  pervading  the  soil. 

But  this  favored  soil  presents  other  conditions  of  fertility  rarely  found  natu- 
rally associated.  It  is  almost  perfectly  under-drained  by  the  clefts  and  cav- 
erns in  the  silurian  limestone  on  which  it  rests.  It  has  a  subsoil  more  rich 
in  mineral  fertilizers  than  it  is  itself  Not  only  is  its  chemical  composition  suit- 
able to  productiveness,  but  the  fineness  of  its  texture  gives  to  it  great  power  of 
absorption  of  the  gases  and  vapors  of  the  atmosphere  for  the  food  of  plants, 
■while  its  great  porosity  allows  excess  of  water  to  penetrate  it  with  the  greatest 
facility.  Added  to  these  conditions,  a  favoi-able  climate  and  suitable  meteoro- 
logical conditions  combine  to  complete  its  productiveness. 

The  chemical  composition  of  some  of  the  limestones  of  this  region,  as  pub- 
lished from  the  analyses  of  Dr.  Peter,  in  vol.  iv,  p.  150,  of  Reports  of  Kentucky 
Geological  Survey,  will  illustrate  these  remarks: 

Composition  of  Four  Limestones  from  Fayette  County,  Kentucky. 


Carlionate  of 

Carbonate  of  magnesia 15.426 


Alumina  &  oxides  of  iron  &  manganese 

Phosphoric  acid 

Sulphuric  acid 

Potash 

Soda  

Silex  and  insoluble  silicates 

Water  and  loss , 


Total. 


No9f,7 

No.  961. 

L,me..o,e. 

77.400 

95.680 

62.680 

15.426 

2.044 

23.079 

1.280 

.380 

6.060 

.246 

.182 

.246 

.166 

.166 

.441 

.193 

.193 

.162 

.363 

.048 

.182 

2.980 

1.580 

5.280 

1.886 

1.870 

100.000 

100.273 

100.000 

1.044 
3.980 
.848 
.317 
.232 
.336 
2.380 


380 


PRE-HISTORIC   INHABITANTS 


The  considerable  proportions  of  phosphoric  acid  and  potash,  as  well  as  of 
sulphuric  acid  and  other  ingredients,  essential  to  vegetable  nourishment,  in 
these  limest»nes,  show  how  they  may  contribute  to  the  fertility  of  the  soil 
which  rests  upon  them.  But  the  hard  magnesian  limestone.  Kentucky  mar- 
ble, and  birds -eye  marble,  being  less  decomposable  than  the  friable  fossilifer- 
0U8  limestone,  never  forms  as  fertile  soil  as  the  latter,  which  characterizes 
the  blue-grass  region. 

The  chemical  composition  of  the  blue-grass  soil,  from  six  counties,  is  given 
in  tlie  following  table  of  analyses  by  Dr.  Peter,  as  reported  in  the  several 
volumes  of  the  reports  of  Kentucky  (Geological  Survey: 


No.  568. 

Ei. 

H. 

Couu.j. 

Co„„.„ 

County. 

Organic  and  volatile  matters. 

8.406 
5,745 
5.815 
.370 
.945 
.170 
.335 
.119 
.227 
.133 
79,045 

8.000 
4.181 
6.170 

".494 
.420 
.460 

".205 

.052 

79.910 

6.100 
3.940 
4.920 
.400 
,470 
.620 
.480 

".320 

.080 
82,650 

7.771 

12.961 

2.464 

!319 
.150 
.394 
,130 
72,267 

10.365 
5,395 
\    .140 
.620 
1,995 
1,234 
,333 
,093 
.762 
.106 
72,035 

9.042 
5.015 

5  310 

Sesquioxide  of  manganese... 

Carbonate  of  lime 

Magnesia  ... 

,568 
1.020 
.293 
.438 

.141 

Potash 

.214 

Soda    

106 

Sand  and  insoluble  silicates.. 

78.145 

Total         

100.680 
5,10 

6,078 

99.882 
4,44 

99.980 
4,16 

2,093 

99,628 
4,70 

6.014 

100,048 
4,50 

11.095 

100  289 

Moisture  driven  o«f  at  400°  F. 

Soluble     matters     extracted 
from  1000  grains  by  water 
containing  carbonic  acid.. 

5.40 
6,114 

THE   PRE -HISTORIC   INHABITANTS   OF   KENTUCKY.* 

Assuming  the  "ternary  classification"  of  the  several  varieties  of  mankind 
'  to  be  exhaustive  and  exact,  it  is  perhaps  allowable  to  say  that,  within  the 
memory  of  living  men,  offshoots  of  three  distinct  primordial  races — the  Red, 
the  White,  the  Black — have  multiplied  and  flourished  in  the  heart  of  the 
AlissLssippi  Valley.  To  the  Red  man  this  wondrous  central  region  (to  which 
he  gave  the  name  Kentucl:-e)  was  a  land  of  Darkness  and  Blood ;  to  the 
Black  it  has  been  a  field  of  "involuntary  servitude";  to  the  White  it  is  the 
seat  of  an  advancing  civilization.  But  antedating  the  utmost  limits  of  human 
memory,  and  defying  all  ordinary  methods  of  historic  research,  there  lies 
a  mysterious  past,  embosoming  a  mighty  civilization,  which  the  modern  eye 
sees  looming  dimly  through  misty  traditions  and  enigmatical  remains. 

Patient  and  critical  investigation  has  found  numerous  traces,  in  the  West- 
ern valleys,  of  a  remarkable  race  of  men,  peculiar  in  their  ethnic  affinities, 
compact  and  powerful  in  their  social  organization,  sagacious  and  enterprising 
in  war,  skilled  in  the  industrial  and  domestic  arts,  devoted  to  the  rites  of  a 
symbolical  cult,  and  familiar  with  those  principles  and  forms  of  political  ad- 
ministration which  give  stability  to  the  conditions  and  institutions  of  a  state. 
These  were  the  pre-historic  inhabitants  of  Kentucky,  whose  origin,  develop- 
ment, character,  status,  affinities,  and   fate  we  purpose  briefly  to  consider. 

Our  materials  for  this  consideration  are  derived  chiefly  from  three  sources — 

native  traditions,  hieroglyphic  records,  and  antique  remains.    Whilst  there  is 

nothing  inherently   trustworthy  or   conclusive  in  the  traditional  lore  of  the 

wigwam,  there  have  come  down  to  us  certain  Indian  traditions  which — viewed 

*  Written  by  Thos.  E.  Pickett,  M.D.,  in  Sept.,  1871. 


I 


PRE-HISTORIC   INHABITANTS.  381 

in  pohneotion  with  the  testimony  of  tlie  mounds  and  mural  remains,  and  of 
the  hieroj;lyphio  pointinj^s  of  Aztec  historiography — seem  to  cast  a  faint  gleam 
of  Iii;lit  into  the  gloom  and  mystery  of  those  pre-historic  days.  There  is  an 
old  Delaware  tradition,  for  example,  which  says  that,  many  centuries  ago,  the 
LuNxi-LEXArE,  a  powerful  race  which  swept  in  a  flood  of  migration  from  the 
far  West,  found  a  harrier  to  its  eastward  progress  in  a  mighty  civilization 
whicli  was  intrenched  in  the  river  valleys  east  of  the  Mississippi.  The  people 
who  occupied  these  fortified  seats  are  "traditionally  denominated  the  Allesewi. 
The  two  nations  thus  confronting  each  other  upon  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi, 
measured  the  situation  with  a  civilized  eye — the  Lenni-Lenape  diplomatically 
parleying  for  the  right  of  passage,  and  the  subtle  Allegewi  hypocritically  aifect- 
ing  to  hear.  As  a  result  of  these  diplomatic  negotiations,  the  Lenni-Lenape 
were  treacherously  assailed  in  an  attempted  passage,  and  driven  back,  though 
not  utterly  destroyed,  by  their  perfidious  foe.  But  tlie  tradition  further  re- 
lates that  there  was  a  coincident  migration  of  the  warlike  laoquois  from  the  far 
West  on  a  higher  line  uf  latitude,  and  that  this  people  were  seeking  to  effect 
a  passage  of  the  same  stream  at  another  point.  Tlie  Lenni-Lenape,  speedily 
rallying  from  their  repulse,  strike  a  military  league  with  the  Iroquois,  pro- 
claim a  war  of  extermination  against  the  Allegewi,  reduce  their  strongholds, 
desolate  their  lands,  and  drive  them  southward  in  disastrous  retreat — their 
chosen  seats  being  abandoned  to  the  conqueror  in  tumultuous  haste,  and 
themselves  becoming  a  nation  of  wanderers  upon  the  shores  of  the  stream 
whicli  they  had  perfidiously  attempted  to  defend. 

But  this  tradition  of  tlie  Delawares  does  not  stand  alone.  That  the  pre- 
historic inhabitants  of  Kentucky  were  at  some  indeterminate  period  over- 
whelmed by  a  tide  of  savage  invasion  from  the  North,  is  a  point  upon  which 
Indian  tradition,  as  far  as  it  goes,  is  positive  and  explicit.  It  is  related,  in  a 
posthumous  fragment  on  Western  Antiquities,  by  Rev.  John  P.  Campbell,  M  D., 
which  was  published  in  the  early  part  of  the  present  century,*  that  Col.  .lames 
Moore,  of  Kentucky,  was  told  by  an  old  Indian  that  the  primitive  inhabitants 
of  this  State  had  perished  in  a  war  of  extermination  waged  against  them  by 
the  Indians;  that  the  last  great  battle  was  fought  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio; 
and  that  the  Indians  succeeded  in  driving  the  Aborigines  into  a  small  island 
below  the  Rapids,  "where  the  whole  of  them  were  cut  to  pieces."  The  Indian 
further  said  this  was  an  undoubted  fact  handed  down  by  tradition,  and  that  the 
colonel  would  have  proofs  of  it  under  his  eyes  as  soon  as  the  waters  of  the 
Ohio  became  low.  When  the  waters  of  the  river  had  follen,  an  examinati(m  of 
Sandy  Island  was  made,  and  "a  multitude  of  human  bones  was  discovered." 

There  is  similar  confirmation  of  this  tradition  in  the  statement  of  General 
George  Rogers  Clark,  that  there  was  a  great  burying-ground  on  the  northern 
side  of  the  river,  but  a  short  distance  below  the  Falls.  According  to  a  tra- 
dition imparted  to  the  same  gentleman  by  the  Indian  chief  Tobacco,  the  bat- 
tle of  Sandy  Island  decided  finally  the  fall  of  Kentucky,  with  its  ancient 
inhabitants.  When  Colonel  McKee  commanded  on  the  Kanawha  (says  Dr. 
Campbell),  he  was  told  by  the  Indian  chief  Cornstalk,  with  whom  he  had 
frequent  conversations,  that  Ohio  and  Kentucky  (and  Tennessee  is  also  asso- 
ciated with  Kentucky  in  the  pre-historic  ethnography  of  Rafinesque)  had  once 
been  settled  by  a  white  people  who  were  familiar  with  arts  of  which  the  In- 
dians knew  nothing;  that  these  whites,  after  a  scries  of  bloody  contests  with 
the  Indians,  had  been  exterminated;  that  the  old  burial-places  were  the  graves 
of  an  unknown  people;  and  that  the  old  forts  had  not  been  built  by  Indians, 
but  had  come  down  from  "a  very  long  ago"  people,  who  were  of  a  white  com- 
plexion, and  skilled  in  the  arts. 

In  addition  to  this  traditional  testimony,  various  and  striking  traces  of  a 
deadly  conflict  have  been  found  all  along  the  Ohio  border.  To  say  nothing  of 
the  vast  system  of  fortifications  covering  exposed  and  important  points,  and 
evidently  designed  as  a  general  barrier  against  hostile  incursions,  there  are 
significant  traces  of  former  conflicts  in  the  old  "battle-fields"  of  Bourbon, 
Pendleton,  and  Bracken  counties,!  which,  clearly  indicating  occurrences  be- 
yond the  pale  of  the  historii)  period,  confirm  in  some  measure  the  traditional 

«  See  sketch  of  Dr.  Campljell,  page  462.       t  See  Vol.  I,  pages  09,  676,93. 


382  PRE-HISTORIC   INHABITANTS. 

theory  or  belief  of  a  protracted  and  desolating  struggle  for  the  possession  of 
this  border-land.  And  doubtless  the  familiar  appellation  of  "  The  Dark  and 
Bloody  Ground"  originated  in  the  gloom  and  horror  with  which  the  Indian 
imagination  naturally  invested  the  traditional  scenes  and  events  of  that  strange 
and  troubled  period.  General  Clark  says  {vide  Dr.  Campbell)  that  Kentuck-e, 
in  the  language  of  the  Indians,  signifies  "the  river  of  blood." 

It  is  not  improbable,  judging  from  the  frequency  with  which  fortifications  occur 
upon  the  banks  of  water-courses,  that  the  bloodiest  battles  were  fought  upon  the 
banks  of  navigable  streams.  Kcntuck-e,  to  the  Indian,  was  a  land  of  ill-re- 
pute, and,  wherever  a  lodge-tire  blazed,  "strange  and  unholy  rumors"  were  busy 
with  her  name.  The  old  Indian  who  described  to  Colonel  Moore  the  sanguin- 
ary and  decisive  battle  of  iSandy  Island  expressed  great  astonishment  that 
white  people  could  live  in  a  country  which  had  been  the  scene  of  such  con 
flict.s;  and  an  ancient  Sac  whom  (lolonel  Joe  Hamilton  Daveiss  met  at  St 
Louis  in  1800,  gave  utterance  to  similar  expressions  of  surprise.  Kentucky, 
he  said,  was  filled  with  the  ghosts  of  its  slaughtered  inhabitants:  how  could 
the  white  man  make  it  hi.s  home  1 

Such  are  some  of  the  pointings  of  tradition.  Their  peculiar  significance 
will  be  more  fully  realized  as  we  proceed. 

The  shadowy  beings  who  peopled  this  lurid  past  are  now  known  only  by  their 
works.  They  are  simply  the  MouND-BurLDERS.  The  chief  memorials  of  their 
existence  are  the  tumuli,  or  mounds  of  earth,  and  other  works  of  strange  de- 
sign starting  in  massive  relief  from  the  soft  green  bosom  of  our  woodlands, 
and  the  terraced  banks  of  our  immemorial  streams.  For  years  the  philo- 
sophic antiquary  has  stood,  in  patient  and  critical  inquest,  over  these  mys- 
terious remains.  Thorough  excavation,  careful  survey,  accurate  measure- 
ment, exact  delineation,  and  faithful  description  may  assist  materially  in  the 
formation  of  sound  and  definite  conclusions;  but,  after  all,  we  shall  still  be 
obliged  to  confess  that  our  doubts  are  many,  and  that  the  mystery  is  deep. 
.Even  now  we  come  with  stereotyped  queries  to  the  study  of  these  monumental 
heaps.  Were  they  sepulchers?  temples?  or  fortresses ?  Beneath  this  sloping 
area,  the  Mound-builder  might  have  buried  his  dead ;  from  it,  flung  defiance 
to  a  foe ;  upon  it,  made  sacrifice  to  the  gods.  Why  not  fortress,  temple,  tomb, 
at  once  ?  Or,  again :  What  light  do  these  remains  shed  upon  pre-historic  re- 
ligion, polity,  and  art?  Do  they  assist  to  simplify  the  knotty  problems  of  the 
ethnologist  ?  Do  they  develop  unsuspected  relationships  of  blood  ?  Are  they 
significant  of  derivative  ideas  in  religion  and  art?  Or  do  they  point  to  a 
primordial  race,  and  to  an  independent  development  of  ideas  and  institutions 
springing  from  a  peculiar  and  isolated  environment  or  milieu  ?  These  queries 
have  never  been  definitely  answered ;  but  we  have  secured  at  least  a  sound 
basis  for  extended  and  systematic  investigation.  What  has  been  accom- 
plished thus  for  within  given  geographical  limits,  it  is  our  purpose  to  state,  in 
a  systematic  form ;  confining  ourselves,  in  the  main,  to  a  simple  record  of  re- 
sults, and  while  striving  to  be  brief,  studying  with  equal  solicitude  to  be  clear. 

The  footprints  of  the  Mound-builder  may  be  traced  wherever  the  Missis- 
sippi and  its  tributaries  flow  ;  in  the  fertile  valleys  of  the  West,  and  along  the 
rich  savannas  of  the  Gulf;  upon  the  Ohio,  the  Kentucky,  the  Cumberland, 
the  Licking;  upon  the  streams  of  the  far  South,  and  as  far  north  as  the  Gen- 
esee and  the  head-waters  of  the  Susquehanna;  but  rarely  upon  mountainous 
or  sterile  tracts,  and  almost  invariably  upon  the  fertile  margins  of  navigable 
streams.  Within  these  limits,  the  population  of  that  Old  American  World 
corresponded  almost  perfectly  in  its  distribution  with  that  of  the  New.  These 
ancient  citizens  enjoyed  a  wide  range  of  communication.  Antiquarian  re- 
search has  gathered,  from  the  same  mound,  the  mica  of  the  Alleghenies,  ob- 
sidian from  Mexico,  native  copper  from  the  Northern  Lakes,  and  shells  from 
the  Southern  Gulf  The  mounds  themselves  are  multitudinous  in  number, 
peculiar  in  structure,  and  varied  in  character.  The  precise  number  in  the 
State  of  Kentucky  has  never  been  accurately  estimated,  possibly  will  never 
be.  In  form,  most  of  the  mounds  are  ellipsoidal  or  conelike;  many  of  them 
are  pyramidal,  and  of  striking  dimensions;  they  are  always  truncated,  are 
sometimes  tern\oed,  and  generally  have  graded  and  spiral  ascents  to  the  sum- 
mits.    It  was  at  one  time  suggested,  and  the  hypothesis  with  a  certain  degree 


PRE-HISTORIC   INHABITANTS.  383 

of  plausibility  maintained,  tliat  these  elevations  of  earth  were  natural  forma- 
tions— the  results  of  diluvial  action.  But  the  "theory"  was  scarcely  recon- 
cilable with  the  facts,  and  has  long  since  passed  into  the  limbo  of  exploded 
hypotheses. 

The  form,  position,  structure,  and  contents  of  the  mounds  afford  convincing 
proof  of  their  artificial  oripn.  The  Altar  Mounds,  which  are  supposed  to 
have  been  places  of  sacrifice,  are  found  either  within,  or  near  an  enclos- 
ure, are  stratified,  and  contain  altars  of  stone,  or  of  burned  clay :  whereas, 
the  Mounds  of  Sepulture,  or  the  burial-places,  are  isolated,  unstratificd,  and 
contain  human  remains.  The  Temple  Mounds,  which  are  "high  places"  for 
ceremonial  worship,  differ  from  the  preceding  in  containing  neither  altars  nor 
human  remains.  In  addition  to  these  there  are  certain  anomalous  mounds, 
mounds  of  observation,  signal  mounds,  etc.,  which  defy  all  precise  or  satis- 
factory classification. 

The  Temple,  or  terraced,  Mounds  are  said  to  be  more  numerous  in  Ken- 
tucky than  in  the  States  north  of  the  Ohio  river — a  circumstance  which  im- 
plies an  early  origin  and  application  of  the  familiar  phrase  ^'sacred  soil." 
'i'he  striking  resemblance  which  these  Temple  Mounds  bear  to  the  teocallis  of 
Mexico,  has  suggested  the  purposes  to  which  they  were  devoted  and  the  name 
by  which  they  are  known.  Some  remarkable  works  of  this  class  have  been 
found  in  the  counties  of  Adair,  Trigg,  Montgomery,  Hickman,  McCracken, 
Whitley,  Christian,  Woodford,  Greenup,  and  Mason.  The  Temple  Mound 
near  Lovedale,  in  Woodford  county,*  is  a  very  interesting  specimen  of  this 
class — an  octagonal  work  with  graded  ascents  at  each  of  the  northern  angles; 
and  there  is  a  work  of  curious  design  near  Washington,  in  the  county  of  Ma- 
son,! which,  though  differing  in  form  from  the  preceding,  is  obviously  a  speci- 
men of  the  tcocalli  class. 

There  is,  also,  a  Temple  Mound  in  Greenup  county,J  which  has  excited  a 
good  deal  of  interest.  It  forms  part  of  a  connected  series  of  works  commu- 
nicating by  means  of  parallel  embankments,  and  embracing  the  chief  struct- 
ural elements  peculiar  to  this  class  of  works.  On  a  commanding  river  ter- 
race stands  one  of  the  groups  of  this  series — an  exact  rectangle,  eight  hun 
dred  feet  square,  with  gateway,  Ijastion,  ditch,  and  hollow-way,  with  out- 
works consisting  of  parallel  walls  leading  to  the  north-east,  and  to  the  south- 
west, from  opposite  sides  of  the  rectangular  enclosure.  The  work  has  many 
of  the  salient  features  of  an  extensive  fortification,  and  appears  to  have  been  de- 
signed for  purposes  of  military  defense  ;  and  yet  there  is  nothing  to  forbid  the 
supposition  that  its  sloping  areas  were  also  devoted  to  the  imposing  rites  of  a 
ceremonial  worship.  There  is  a  corresponding  group  on  the  opposite  bank 
of  the  Ohio  river,  which  is  obviously  sacred  or  superstitious  in  its  origin  and 
design.  The  third  group  of  this  series  consists  of  four  concentric  circles,  in 
tersected  at  right  angles  by  four  broad  avenues,  conforming  very  nearly  to  the 
cardinal  points  of  the  compass.  In  the  center  is  a  large  mound,  truncated  and 
terraced,  with  a  graded  way  leading  to  the  summit.  This  group  rests  upon  a 
lofty  terrace,  at  the  base  of  the  hills  which  border  the  beautiful  river  valley. 
About  a  mile  to  the  west  of  this  is  a  small  circular  work  with  a  central 
mound,  which  is  approached  from  the  exterior  by  a  narrow  gateway  through 
the  parapet,  and  a  causeway  over  the  ditch.  There  seems  to  have  existed  a 
connection  originally,  by  parallels,  between  the  several  groups  of  this  unique 
and  enigmatical  series  of  works.  The  total  length  of  the  embankments  now 
traceable  is  about  eight  miles.  Whether  we  assign  to  these  works  a  military 
or  a  religious  origin,  it  is  impossible  not  to  admire  the  architectural  skill  of  con- 
struction, the  artistic  symmetry  of  proportion,  and  the  geometrical  exactness 
of  design.  Can  we  resist  the  conclusion  that  this  ancient  people  possessed  a 
standard  of  mea.surement?  a  means  of  determining  angles?  a  method  of 
"  plotting  "  geometrical  areas  ? 

In  Montgomery  county,||  there  is  a  large  truncated  mound,  connected  by  an 
elevated  way,  with  a  circular  work  having  a  central  mound  and  a  gateway 
opening  to  the  east.  There  is  also  a  group  of  works  on  Brush  creek  in  the 
same  county,  exhibiting  features  of  peculiar  interest;   a  circular  work,  500 

•  See  Vol.  II,  p.  765.        t  See  Vol.  II,  p.  648.        J  See  Vol.  II,  p.  302.        1  See  Vol.  II,  p.  (.32 


384  PRE  HISTORIC  INHABITANTS. 

feet  in  cirouniference;  with  an  interior  ditch  and  an  hexajtonal  inclosure,  each 
face  or  side  measuring  50  feet — both  works  having  gateways  opening  to  the 
east,  and  the  former  work  having  certain  features  of  construction  which  are 
common  to  works  of  the  same  class  in  Ohio.  There  are  ancient  works  of 
considerable  interest  in  Fayette  county,*  at  the  junction  of  the  Town  and 
South  forks  of  the  Elkliorn,  and  another  group  at  the  mouth  of  Flat  run  in 
Bourbon  county  f — both  of  which,  from  obvious  characteristics,  must  have 
served  at  one  time  as  works  of  delense. 

But  as  it  is  impossible,  in  the  brief  limits  necessarily  assigned  for  the  con- 
sideration of  tills  subject,  to  refer  to  these  works  in  detail,  a  few  general  re- 
marks of  an  explanatory  tenor  must  suffice. 

The  defensive  or  military  char.acter  of  an  ancient  work  seems  to  be  indi- 
cated by  its  commanding  position,  its  general  strategic  advantages,  its  conti- 
guity to  water,  its  exterior  ditch,  and  its  peculiar  situation  with  reference  to 
other  works.  A  high  antiquarian  authority!  is  satisfied  with  a  single  criteri- 
on— the  relative  position  of  the  ditch.  This  he  deems  decisive.  But  when, 
in  addition  to  this,  we  find  a  line  of  simple  or  bastioned  works  occupying  a 
peninsular  terrace  or  a  precipitous  height,  "covering"  an  important  region 
of  country,  commanding  every  position,  guarding  every  approach,  served  by 
protected  lines  of  communication,  and  convenient  to  points  of  supply,  there 
would  seem  to  be  no  further  room  to  doubt.  It  must  be  remembered,  too, 
that  we  see  the  works  in  a  thoroughly  dismantled  condition.  Possibly  those 
parapets  once  bristled  with  palisades;  the  glacis,  we  may  suppose,  was 
fringed  with  abatis;  and  who  knows  but  that  those  myster,ious  gaps  in  the 
lines  of  defense  (which  hasty  theorists  assume  to  have  been  gateways)  were 
once  tilled  with  bastion-like  projections  of  wood,  analogous  to  the  later  "  block- 
houses "  of  the  pioneer?  If  any  such  engineering  devices  were  employed  by 
the  Mound-builder  (and  the  archasologists  are  by  no  means  sure  that  they 
were  not),  they  were  constructed  of  perishable  material,  and  have  long  since 
passed  away. 

There  seems  to  have  been  a  complete  system  of  these  defenses,  extending 
from  the  sources  of  the  Allegliany  and  the  Susquehanna  to  the  Wabash — as 
if  designed  by  a  peaceful  and  prosperous  population  to  afford  permanent  pro- 
tection against  savage  aggressions  from  the  North  and  East.  It  has  been 
suggested,  however,  that  a  tide  of  emigration  flowing  from  the  South  received 
its  final  check  upon  this  line — these  defenses  marking  the  limit,  just  as  military 
remains  are  often  found  marking  the  tenable  limits  of  Roman  conquest.  The 
two  theories  are  not  irreconcilable.  This  line  of  defenses  may  have  been  a 
Chinese  barrier  guarding  a  peaceful  and  populous  realm,  or  a  Roman  wall 
securing  a  subjugated  province  by  holding  the  barbarian  at  bay. 

But  at  least  one  conclusion  we  are  obliged  to  accept:  These  defenses  were 
not  constructed  by  a  migratory  or  nomadic  people.  They  are  the  work  of  a 
vast  population,  perfectly  organized  and  permanently  established  on  an  agri- 
cultural basis.  Whether  Indian  Corn  [Zea  jl/ay.?]  was  indigenous  to  America, 
or  whether  it  came  in  with  the  Toltecs,  it  certainly  is  safe  to  assume  that 
it  was  the  Mound-buildei-'s  staple  grain.  There  is  not  the  slightest  proof 
that  he  had  any  knowledge  of  the  so-called  "cereals  of  the  Orient" — wheat, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  &c.  On  the  other  hand,  there  is  incontestable  evidence  that 
the  aboriginal  knowledge  of  Indian  ('urn  gr.Mtly  antedated  the  discovery  of  the 
continent.  Maize  was  a  sacred  :ir:iiii,  a  divine  gift,  an  immemorial  blessing. 
It  was  the  legendary  Mondamiu.  ivitli  garments  of  green  and  plumelets  of 
gold;  and,  less  poetically,  it  was  tlie  aurioiiltural  stajile  which  gave  substance 
and  strength  to  the  powerful  semi-civilization  >>(  Peru. 

Within  the  limits  of  the  State  of  Kentnoky  the  remains  of  ancient  fortifica- 
tions are  numerous.  Almost  invariably  we  find  them  situated  upon  large 
water-courses.  In  Allen,  Bourbon,  Boone,  Fayette,  Pendleton,  and  other  coun- 
ties of  the  State,  are  some  very  interesting  monuments ;  and  it  is  worthy  of  note 
that  these  structures  generally  correspond  in  site  with  modern  centers  of  popu 
lation;  that,  wherever  found,  they  are  strikingly  analogous  in  their  essential 
features  to  the  military  remains  of  ancient  Mexico  and  Peru,  and  are  palpably 

«  See  Vol.  II,  p.  22S.  f  See  Vol.  II,  T).  70.  {  StuUely. 


PRE-HISTORIC  INHABITANTS.  385 

impressed,  as  are  the  other  remains  of  the  Mound-builJer,  with  the  stamp  of 
a  peculiar  ethnic  genius — suggestive,  if  not  significant,  of  affinities  which  a 
superficial  consideration  of  the  remains  would  scarcely  lead  us  to  suspect 

The  religious  structures  of  this  ancient  people  are  equally  curious  in  the 
analogies  which  they  reveal.  Why,  for  example,  did  this  old  superstition 
build  its  structures  usually  upon  the  margin  of  a  stream  ?  In  ancient  Mex- 
ico and  Peru,  lakes  and  rivers  were  objects  of  religious  veneration.  Was 
water  a  sacred  element  in  the  worship  of  the  Mound-builder?  In  Mexico, 
natural  caverns  were  used  as  places  of  sepulture.  Is  it  not  probable  that 
the  caves  of  Kentucky  were  ancient  depositories  of  the  dead  ?  Mummies 
and  human  skeletons  and  bones  have  been  found  in  some  of  them.  The 
Mexicans  practiced  inhumation,  embalming,  and  cremation.  The  Mound- 
builder,  in  disposing  of  his  dead,  likewise  buried,  embalmed,  and  burned. 
The  Mexican  and  Peruvian  temples  corresponded  in  position  with  the  cardi- 
nal points  of  the  compass.  We  have  noted  the  same  peculiarity  in  the  sacred 
structures  of  the  Mound-builders.  The  traditional  name  of  the  ancient  mounds, 
among  the  Choctaws,  was  Nanne-Yah — the  Hills  or  Mounts  of  God — a  name 
almost  identical,  it  is  said,  with  that  of  the  Mexican  pyramids.  Who  can  fail 
to  perceive  that  the  same  principles  of  architecture  have  governed  the  con- 
struction of  both  ?  and  that  the  Temple  Mound  of  Kentucky  is  but  a  ruder 
form  of  the  Mexican  teocalli  ? 

The  mythology  of  the  Toltecs  symbolized  creative  power,  or  the  productive 
principle,  under  the  form  of  the  Phallus.  There  is  strong  reason  to  believe 
that  the  primitive  inhabitants  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  were  worshipers  of  the 
same  significant  emblem;  and  that  the  doctrine  of  the  reciprocal  principles 
of  nature,  as  symbolized  in  Stexico  and  Peru  by  the  Sun  and  the  Moon,  or 
the  Sun  and  the  Earth,  also  obtained  a  distinct  recognition  in  the  Mound- 
builder's  mysterious  creed.  Wherever  humanity  has  worshiped  and  wrought, 
may  be  traced  the  symbolical  worship  of  the  Serpent.  Whether  we  explain 
the  universality  of  the  symbol  by  the  orthodox  assumption  that  it  resulted 
from  a  traditionary  recognition  of  the  Paradisiacal  Devil,  or  whether  we  in- 
cline to  the  philosophic  theory  that  like  conditions  and  constitutions  may 
generate  religious  ideas  of  a  cognate  type,  we  are  equally  obliged  to  accept 
the  alleged  universality  as  a  symljological  fact.  It  was  conspicuous  in  the  re- 
ligious system  of  the  ancient  Mexicans,  and  was  essentially  significant  of  the 
same  cosmologioal  idea  which  it  represented  in  the  primitive  mythologies  of 
the  East.  There  seems  to  be  nothing  incredible,  therefore,  in  the  suggestion 
of  Mr.  B.  G.  Squier  that  "the  Serpent  and  Egg  of  Ohio  are  distinctly  allusive 
to  the  same  specific  notions  of  cosmogony ; "  and  quite  as  plausible  is  the  sup- 
position that  the  mystic  inclosures  and  parallels  of  Greenup  have  their  sym- 
bolical analogues  in  the  vast  serpentine  structures  of  Abury  and  Carnac.  Nor 
is  the  supposition  incompatible  with  the  theory  which  assigns  to  these  works 
a  military  origin — since  not  unfrequently,  in  the  pressing  emergencies  of  war, 
a  people's  only  strongholds  of  defense  are  its  temples  of  devotion  and  the 
sepulchers  of  its  dead.  Were  human  struggles  ever  fiercer  or  bloodier  than 
upon  the  terraced  adoratorios  of  Anahuac  '/ 

The  structural  remains  of  the  Mound-biiilder,  in  all  their  varied  forms,  are 
characterized  by  that  simplicity,  symmetry,  and  solidity  which  Humboldt  re- 
marked in  the  Toltecan  monuments  of  other  lands.  Some  of  them,  it  has  been 
plausibly  inferred  from  reason  and  analogy,  are  symbolical  in  construction, 
and  connected  with  the  observance  of  superstitious  rites.  As  we  have  previ- 
ously intimated,  the  peculiar  structures  in  the  county  of  Greenup,  with  their 
associate  groups,  are  supposed  to  be  works  of  this  class — though  it  must  be 
confessed  tliat  the  indications  of  the  fact  are  by  no  means  decisive.  But 
whether  these  ancient  structures  are  military,  sepulchral,  or  sacrificial — 
whether  square,  elliptical,  circular,  or  polygonal — or  whether  combining  these 
geometrical  elements  in  series  or  group,  and  designed  at  once  for  worship, 
sepulture,  sacrifice,  and  defense — there  are  architectural  elements  common  to 
all,  which  identify  them  as  parts  of  a  peculiar  and  comprehensive  system ;  a 
necessary  and  characteristic  outgrowth  of  an  embryonic  civilization,  originat- 
ing with  a  race  distinguished  in  all  its  branches  hy  common  traits,  created 
unto  a  common  destiny,  moving  under  the  same  original  impulse,  undergoing 


386  PRE-HISTORIC   INHABITANTS. 

contemporaneous  or  successive  development  under  like  conditions,  and  con- 
forming throughout  its  existence  to  the  same  laws  of  origin,  progress,  and  de- 
cline. The  Mound-builder  fixed  his  habitation,  established  his  fortresses,  and 
builded  his  temples  precisely  where  the  highest  civilizations  seek  sustenance 
and  strength;  that  is  to  say,  in  a  land  and  latitude  where  the  climate  is  genial, 
where  the  grasses  flourish,  and  the  waters  flow.  His  chosen  seats,  as  we  have 
shown,  were  contiguous  to  broad  streams,  and  in  the  midst  of  fertile  lands — 
the  one  insuring  easy  communication;  the  other,  abundant  food.  If  occasion- 
ally he  deserted  the  alluvial  valleys,  and  went  up  into  the  mountains  or  builded 
upon  the  hill-tops,  it  was  manifestly  for  peculiar  purposes  of  worship,  or  when 
driven  by  the  necessities  of  war.  His  favorite  site  for  structures  of  large  di- 
mensions and  regular  design  was  the  broad,  level  terrace  of  a  river  valley; 
but  where  the  works  are  irregular  in  design,  and  indicate  in  their  construction 
the  handiwork  of  the  military  engineer,  they  are  usually  so  situated  as  to  guard 
an  important  approach,  or  complete  the  defense  of  a  position  naturally  strong. 

A  comprehensive  and  critical  treatise  on  Aboriginal  Art  would  be  a  work  of 
rare  interest;  not  that  the  Aborigines  cultivated  the  arts  with  signal  success, 
nor  that  there  was  the  faintest  gleam  of  promise  in  the  almost  puerile  crude- 
ness  of  the  results — for  the  art-remains  of  the  Mound-builder  reveal  only  the 
merest  dawning  of  the  aesthetic  faculty  or  instinct;  but  that  such  a  treatise 
would  be  a  valuable  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  an  extinct  civilization 
by  extending  our  range  of  related  data,  and  enabling  us,  in  a  measure,  to  re- 
construct its  annals  from  its  monumental  debris.  Possibly  the  Champollions 
of  the  future  may  do  something  toward  wresting  these  coveted  secrets  from 
the  silent  past.  That  the  Mound-builders  were  in  possession  of  a  hieroglyph- 
ical  method  of  communicating  ideas  and  recording  events,  is  by  no  means  a 
violent  assumption.  It  may  not  only  be  inferred  from  the  complex,  powerful, 
and  progressive  character  of  their  civilization,  but  the  inference  can  easily  be 
sustained  by  evidence  bearing  directly  on  the  point  The  sculptural  in- 
scriptions observed  by  Bishop  Madison  in  Western  Virginia,  near  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Elk  and  Kanawha  rivers,  have  been  particularly  indicated  as  pos- 
sessing a  hieroglyphical  significance.  A  stone  presenting  similar  characteris- 
tics is  said  to  have  been  found  near  the  confluence  of  the  Ohio  and  Big  Sandy 
rivers,  on  the  Kentucky  shore — which,  falling  sacrifice  to  the  utilitarian  spirit 
of  the  age,  was  robbed  of  its  "  outline  figures  and  emblematical  devices  "  through 
the  vulgar  agency  of  a  stone-mason's  hammer.*  Is  the  story  true?  We  trust 
sincerely  that  it  is  not  We  should  be  loath  to  believe  that  any  denizen  of  that 
charming  valley  would  have  permitted  himself  to  feel  less  interest  in  the  solu- 
tion of  ethnological  problems  than  in  the  symmetrical  construction  of  a  "cel- 
lar wall."     We  dismiss  it,  therefore,  as  a  bit  of  archiBological  gossip. 

Whilst  it  is  impossible  to  present  the  evidence  on  this  subject  in  detail,  we 
think  it  is  highly  probable  that  the  Mound-builder  was  familiar  with  an  ideo- 
graphic method  analogous  to  that  of  the  Aztec;  but  whether  he  had  advanced 
so  far  in  the  arts  of  civilization  as  to  have  evolved  the  idea  of  printing  in 
colors,  is  a  question  which  we  shall  not  hastily  decide.  And  yet  the  assertion 
has  been  gravely  made,  respectfully  considered,  and  favorably  received. 
"This  nameless  people,"  says  a  late  writer,  *  *  *  "  approached  very 
near  to  the  discovery  of  printing,  if,  as  it  is  believed,  they  traced  designs  in 
relief,  which,  coated  with  oxide  of  pulverized  iron,  served  to  impress  various 
ornaments  on  the  skin;  "f  that  is  to  say,  by  means  of  movable  types,  smeared 
with  an  ink  of  iron  rust,  they  gave  their  bodies  the  impress  of  a  superficial 
"  tattoo." 

The  Mound-builder  was  nothing  of  a  Greek  in  matters  of  art  His  con- 
ception of  "  assthetics "  >yas  but  elementary  at  the  best  At  the  same  time, 
his  art  was  admirable  within  certain  limits.  The  carvings  upon  his  red 
stone  pipes,  and  the  designs  upon  his  sculptural  tablets,  were  marked  by  ex- 
quisite delicacy  of  finish,  and,  in  the  merely-mechanical  portraiture,  by  a 
marvelous  fidelity  to  detail.  In  his  representations  of  the  human  form,  he 
has  been  surprisingly  felicitous  in  depicting  attitude  and  physiognomical  ex- 
pression, though   less   so  than  in   his   representations  of  the  lower  animals. 

•  Sciuier  and  Davis.       t  Western  Journal  and  Civilian,  vol.  xv,  No.  3. 


PRE-HISTORIC   INHABITANTS.  387 

All  are  striking,  faithful,  and  animated,  but  slavish,  unspiritual,  uninspired, 
not  the  glorious  and  inimitable  creations  of  Hellas,  but  the  groveling  concep- 
tions and  servile  imittitions  of  Egypt  and  Cathay.  It  is  interesting  to  observe, 
however,  that  in  his  plastic  presentments  of  the  human  head,  the  anatomical 
configuration  and  physiognomical  traits  conform  in  all  essential  particulars  to 
what  ethnologists  have  recognized  as  a  universal  American  type;  and  this  cir- 
cumstance gives  a  scientific  value  to  sculptural  remains  which  are  compara- 
tively valueless  as  specimens  of  art. 

Akin  to  sculpture,  is  the  less  ambitious  art  of  the  potter;  and,  oddly 
enough,  to  the  antiquarian  student  no  field  of  observation  is  more  inviting  or 
instructive  than  the  potter's  field.  A  familiar  type  of  fragility  is  the  potter's 
vessel ;  fictile  passivity  is  expressly  imaged  under  the  scriptural  similitude  of 
clay  in  the  hands  of  the  potter.  And  yet  the  frail  products  of  the  potter's 
art  often  outlast  the  palaces  of  kings,  and  every-where  specimens  of  primi- 
tive pottery  are  recovered  from  the  earliest  ruins  of  "the  antique  world." 
The  shattered  civilizations  of  America  have  left  abundant  traces  of  this 
primeval  art.  The  Mounds  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  have  furnished  speci- 
mens which,  in  delicacy  of  finish  and  elegance  of  design,  rival  the  strikingly 
similar  productions  of  ancient  Peru.  The  material  from  which  they  are 
wrought  is  either  simple,  unmixed  clay,  or  a  composition  of  varying  elements 
— sometimes  consisting  of  gypsum  (sulphate  of  lime)  mixed  with  clay.  In 
composition,  quality,  and  finish,  many  of  these  specimens  exhibit  an  advanced 
knowledge  of  "  applied  "  chemistry — being  equal,  in  all  technical  requisites, 
to  the  most  pretentious  products  of  modern  art.  The  Triune  vessel,  as  it  is 
called,*  found  in  an  ancient  work  upon  the  Cumberland,  and  consisting  of 
three  heads  joined  in  one,  presents  three  human  faces  brilliantly  colored  in 
yellow  and  red — the  colors  having  been  applied,  doubtless,  before  the  clay  or 
composition  was  subjected  to  the  action  of  heat  That  the  Mound-builder 
was  a  practical  chemist  of  no  mean  pretensions,  is  further  indicated  by  the 
beads  of  glass  which  he  sometimes  deposited  in  his  mounds — glass  of  a  trans- 
parent green,  with  an  opaque  enamel  of  an  exquisite  white  or  red — the  whole 
curiously  fashioned  and  artistically  wrought.  The  Mound-builders  were  also 
skillful  workers  in  stone.f  To  say  nothing  of  minor  proofs  of  their  skill 
in  fashioning  this  material,  their  fortresses  sometimes  had  walls  of  stone ;  and 
in  this  State  have  been  found  sepulchral  tumuli  of  the  same  material.  But 
in  the  manufacture  of  weapons,  mechanical  implements,  domestic  utensils, 
and  ornaments  of  stone,  they  exhibited  marvelous  skill.  The  crystal  spear- 
head, the  granite  axe,  the  obsidian  knife,  and  breccia  urn-lid,  are  finished 
specimens  of  their  proficiency  in  this  art,  and  are  all  the  more  astonishing  as 
artistic  traductions,  that  the  pre-historic  artisan  seems  to  have  been  wholly 
unacquainted  with  the  mechanical  uses  of  iron ;  and  yet,  without  this  metal, 
it  is  certain  that  he  was  in  possesision  of  mechanical  agencies  by  which  forests 
were  felled,  and  fields  were  tilled,  and  the  most  obstinate  materials  wrought 
into  shapes  of  surprising  symmetry  and  grace.  It  is  probable  that  they  em- 
ployed instruments  of  copper,  worked  in  the  cold  state  without  alloy,  and 
hardened  by  hammering.  'Ihe  Mound-builder's  pipe  was  exquisitely  sculptur- 
esque. He  seems  to  have  lavished  upon  it  all  the  resources  of  his  art,  and 
we  can  easily  believe  that  the  elaborate  trifle  was  as  sacred  in  pre-historic 
eyes  as  a  carefully  iuibrowned  meerschaum  is  supposed  to  be  in  the  estima- 
tion of  the  modern  connoisseur.  The  great  number  and  variety  of  these 
beautiful  antiques  have  led  to  the  supposition  that  they  had  a  religious  sig- 
nificance, and  were  in  some  way  connected  with  observances  of  ceremonial 
worship.  Among  the  minor  relics  recovered  from  the  mounds  are  certain 
tubes  of  stone,  which  swift  antiquarian  conjecture  has  associated  with  the  ab- 
original pursuit  of  "star-gazing; "  some  hastily  assuming  the  tubes  to  have 
been  telescopic  aids  to  the  eye.     We  incline  to   the   more  commonplace  hy- 


pothesis, that  they  were  simply  the  tubes  of  pipes.X  Undoubtedly,  there  is 
reason  to  believe  that  the  Mound-builder  was  familiar  with  the  elements  of 
stronomical  science ;  but  there  is  also  ground  for  the  impression  that  he  had 

•  ArchsEologlca   Americana,  vol.  i.  p.  238.       t  Bradford's  Antiauities,  p.  168.       t  Western 


388  PRE-HISTORIC   INHABITANTS. 

a  devout  and  enlightened  appreciation  of  the  virtues  of  the  "sacred  plant." 
Tobacco  was  the  soothing  and  propitiatory  incense  which  he  offered  to  his 
gods;  and  it  is  not  incredible  that  the  fumes  of  his  consecrated  calumet  were 
breathed  to  the  sky  a  thousand  years  before  the  "golden  youth"  of  England 
were  seduced  by  the  charms  of  Virginian  leaf  And  who  knows  but  that  the 
"sacred  soil"  of  Kentucky  —  a  land  of  temples,  ecclesiasts,  and  tombs — was 
additionally  consecrated  by  a  contemporaneous  culture  of  the  "weed?" 

The  prehistoric  Kentuckian  was  familiar  with  the  Art  of  Embalming.  Of 
this  there  is  incontestable  proof  Disregarding  all  conjecture  on  the  subject, 
we  limit  our  remarks  at  present  solely  to  a  consideration  of  the  fact.  In  the 
sketch  of  Edmonson  County,  page  1.59, Vol.  11,  there  is  a  minute  and  accurate 
description  of  a  mummy  found  in  the  Mammoth  Cave  in  the  year  1813.  In 
the  year  1815,  a  mummy  from  a  cavern  in  the  neighborhood  of  Glasgow 
was  on  exhibition  in  the  "city  of  Xew  York,  and  was  described  by  the  Hon. 
Samuel  L.  Mitchell  in  a  letter  to  the  American  Antiquarian  Society.*  Hav- 
ing characterized  the  embalmed  body  as  a  "perfect  exsiccation" — a  mere 
anatomy  of  osseous  and  cuticular  tissue — he  says: 

"  It  was  found  enwrapped  carefully  in  skins  and  cloths.  The  outer  envelope  of  the 
body  is  a  deer-skin.  The  next  covering  is  a  deer-skin,  whose  hair  has  been  cut  away 
by  a  sharp  instrument.  The  next  wrapper  is  of  cloth,  made  of  twine,  doubled  and 
twisted,  but  the  thread  does  not  appear  to  have  been  formed  by  the  wheel,  or  the  web  by 
the  loom.  The  warp  and  filling  seem  to  have  been  crossed  and  knotted,  by  an  opera- 
tion like  that  of  the  fabrics  of  the  North-west  Coast  and  the  Sandwich  Islands.  The 
innermost  tegument  is  a  mantle  of  cloth,  like  the  preceding,  but  furnished  with  long 
brown  feathers,  arranged  and  fastened  with  great  art,  so  as  to  be  capable  of  guarding 
the  living  wearer  from  wet  and  cold.  The  plumage  is  distinct  and  entire.  The  body 
is  in  a  squatting  posture  with  the  right  arm  inclining  forward,  and  its  hand  encircling 
the  right  leg;  the  left  arm  hangs  down,  with  its  hand  inclined  partly  under  the  seat. 
The  individual,  who  was  a  male,  did  not  probably  exceed  the  age  of  fourteen  at  his 
death.  There  is  a  deep  and  extensive  fracture  of  the  skull,  near  the  occiput,  which 
probably  killed  him.  The  skin  has  sustained  little  injury  ;  it  is  of  a  dusky  color;  but 
the  natural  hue  can  not  be  decided  with  exactness  from  its  present  appearance.  The 
scalp,  with  small  e,\ceptions,  is  covered  with  sorrel  or  fox  hair.  The  teeth  are  white 
and  sound.     The  hands  and  feet,  in  their  shriveled  state,  are  slender  and  delicate." 

The  description  is  interesting  and  suggestive,  but,  for  the  purposes  of  scien- 
tific investigation,  not  sufficiently  full  and  precise.  It  does  not  vary  materi- 
ally, however,  in  its  essential  features  from  descriptions  of  other  mummies 
found  in  this  State,  nor  of  similar  remains  discovered  near  the  Cumberland 
river  in  Tennessee,  in  the  caves  near  Durango,  and  in  the  htiacas  of  Peru.  In 
the  Mexican  caves  the  mummies  were  found  "in  a  sitting  posture,  and  wrapped 
in  bands  of  cloth."  The  bodies  recovered  from  the  Peruvian  mound^  or  huacas 
bore  the  marks  of  an  embalming  process,  and  occupied  a  flexed  or  sitting  posi- 
tion. Both  the  Mexicans  and  Peruvians  buried,  with  their  dead,  ornaments  or 
articles  of  familiar  use ;  and  the  cloths  fabricated  by  the  peoples  of  the  South 
are  said  to  be  similar  in  texture  to  the  wrappings  which  encase  the  mummies 
found  in  the  caverns  of  this  State.  Travelers  tell  us  that  the  natives  of  the 
Pacific  islands  "  interred  their  dead  in  a  sitting  posture,"  and  practiced  a 
method  of  embalming  similar  to  the  American — "  the  body  being  preserved  by 
exsiccation,  without  removing  the  entrails,"  and  wrapped  in  voluminous  folds 
of  cloth.  "These  embalmed  remains,"  says  Bradford.f  "resemble  closely  the 
mummies  found  in  the  Kentucky  caves,  both  in  the  method  adopted  for  their 
preservation,  in  the  wrappings  or  mummy  cloths,  and  in  the  texture  or  fabri- 
cation of  the  latter."  Marine  shells,!  of  an  exclusively  Oriental  habitat,  have 
been  gathered  from  the  sepulchral  tombs  of  thp  Western  World.  Certain 
shell-fish  (murex)  found  in  an  ancient  work  near  Lexington,  are  said  to  be 
identical  with  the  species  which  is  sacred  to  Mahadeva,  the  Hindoo  Neptune. 
But  what  is  more  to  the  purpose,  as  pointing  to  the  immediate  origin  of  the 

*  The  Weekly  llpcorder,  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  vol.  iv,  1815;  late  in  possession  of  Rev.  Joel  K.  Lyle, 
LexiiiKtOM,  Kentucky. 

:  III    India,  tlie  Shell  is  sacred  to  the  Moon.    The  Mound-builders  are  traditionally  repre- 
sented to  \\AVK  worshiped  the  Moon,  wliich  they  regarded  as  "the  elysiuni  for  tlie  denarteil  Hoirits 
of  oUedieiit  females,  where  they  might  indulge  at  ease  tlie  passion  of  curiosity, 
ney  about  the  world."— Tradaioiw  of  Da-Coo-Dah,  p.  261. 


PRE-HISTORIC  INHABITANTS.  389 

Mound-builders,  is  the  discovery  in  one  of  our  caverns  of  some  bones  vrhioh 
are  the  remains  of  a  peccari,  or  Mexican  hog — an  animal  native  only  to  Mex- 
ico and  the  countries  of  the  South.  It  may  be  noted,  too,  as  a  suggestive  fact, 
that  the  buskins,  caps,  and  head-gear  of  the  mummies  entered  into  a  costume 
which,  in  these  particulars,  bore  a  striking  resemblance  to  the  primitive 
"mode"  of  the  ancient  Mexicans.  The  descriptions  which  we  have  of  the 
physical  characteristics  of  the  ancient  Mound-builder  have  given  rise  to  a 
question  which  has  been  made  the  basis  of  some  bold  ethnological  speculation. 
The  question  is  this:  Did  the  Mound-builder  have  red  hair?  "The  scalp,  with 
small  exceptions,"  says  Mr.  Mitchell,  somewhat  vaguely,  "is  covered  with  sor- 
rel m-  fox  hair."  "  The  color  of  the  hair,"  says  the  writer,  on  pagel59,Vol.  11; 
under  Edmonson  County,  "was  a  dark  red;"  and  Bradford,  describing  the 
mummies  found  on  the  Cumberland  river  in  Tennessee,  and  in  the  Mammoth 
Cave  and  other  caverns  of  Kentucky,  says  that  the  hair  was  "  generally  of  a 
color  varying  from  brown  to  yellow  and  red."  This  testimony  would  seem  to 
be  conclusive  as  to  the  prevailing  tint  of  Aboriginal  hair,  and  might  be  hastily 
accepted  as  confirmatory  of  the  theory  which  ascribes  to  the  Mound-builders 
a  European  origin.  But  we  must  reflect  that,  whilst  human  hair  is  known  to 
be  singularly  superior  to  the  ordinary  influences  of  decay,  the  readiness  with 
which  it  changes  hue  under  chemical  reagents  shows  it  to  be,  in  the  matter 
of  color,  exceedingly  penetrable  stuff;  and  it  is  by  no  means  improbable  that 
the  hair  of  the  mummies  has  been  changed  by  chemic  influences  of  the  at- 
mosphere from  a  hue  originally  dark  to  a  varying  shade  of  red — just  as, 
through  the  subtle  agencies  of  the  coiffeur  s  art,  tresses  of  midnight  are  some- 
times brightened  with  the  tints  of  dawn.  Nor  is  this  presumed  transmutation 
of  color  peculiar  to  the  mummies  of  Kentucky  and  Tennes.see.  Human  re- 
mains from  the  sepulchres  of  Peru,  examined  by  the  Spaniards  in  1790,  "con- 
tained bodies  in  an  entire  condition,  but  withered  and  dried,  and  the  hair  of 
a  red  color ;  "  and  the  results  of  a  similar  transmutation  (according  to  a  writer 
on  Egyptian  antiquities)  "have  sometimes  been  observed  in  the  appearance  of 

'      fro:       "     ■ 


the  Egyptian  mummies,  the  hair  having  been  changed  in  color  from  black 
red."  * 

Thus  much  concerning  the  color  of  the  Mound-builder's  hair :  Now,  what  is  to 
be  said  in  regard  to  his  complexion,  or  the  color  of  hissA-tn  ?  Had  we  conclusive 
proof  that  his  hair  was  red,  we  should  naturally  infer  that  his  skin  was  fair,  and 
his  eyes  blue;  and  this  inference  would  be  strengthened,  if  not  sustained,  by 
the  unvarying  testimony  of  Indian  tradition.  Among  the  tribes  of  the  North- 
westf  it  was  a  current  tradition  that  Kentucky  had  been  settled  by  whiles: 
An  old  Indian  told  Col.  Moore  that  the  Aborigines  of  Kentucky  were  white; 
the  ancient  Sac  said  to  Col.  Joe  Daveiss,  at  St.  Louis,  that  the  early  inhabit- 
ants of  Kentucky  were  white;  John  Cushen,  an  intelligent  and  respectable 
Indian  of  Chillicothe,  declared  that  the  Mound-builders  were  white;  and  finally, 
the  "  very  long  ago  people "  of  Cornstalk  were  skilled  in  the  arts,  and  white. 
This  is  the  collective  sense  of  Indian  tradition  derived  from  distinct  and  inde- 
pendent sources.  There  is  no  dissentient  voice.  The  traditions  are  mutually 
supporting,  and  seem  to  drive  with  cumulative  force  to  one  inevitable  con- 
clusion. 

But  how  does  this  conclusion  conform  to  the  theory  which  assigns  a 
Toltecan  origin  to  the  Mound-builder?  and  to  the  connected  theory  which 
makes  the  Toltecan  people  a  branch  of  the  great  American  race  ?  Shall  we 
assume  that  this  changed  complexion  was  the  result  of  what  the  philosophers 
term  "ethnic  difierentiation"?  If  so,  why  were  its  effects  manifest  only  in  the 
Mound-building  branch  of  the  race  ?  Or  shall  we  reject  this  theory  altogether, 
and  assume  that  these  ancient  seats  were  occupied  by  a  succession  of  pre-his- 
toric  races,  of  which  one,  at  least,  was  of  an  origin  possibly  European,  and 
of  a  complexion  presumably  white  ?  But  it  seems  to  us  that  it  is  as  unneces- 
sary to  ask  these  questions  as  it  is  certainly  impossible  to  answer  them.  The 
most  satisfactory  solution  of  the  difiBculty  is  the  simplest.  The  traditional 
impression  as  to  the  complexion  of  the  Mound-builders  may  have  been  de- 
rived (as  is  suggested  by  Dr.  Campbell,  who  records  the  tradition)  from   a 

•  Bradfoid'B  Antiiuities,  p.  31.        t  Dr.  Camrbell. 


390  PRE-HISTORIC   INHABITANTS. 

perception  of  the  superior  skill  exhibited  by  the  vanished  race  or  races  in 
the  construction  of  military  works ;  or  it  may  imply  simply  that  the  Mound 
builders  were  of  a  lighter  hue  than  the  peoples  of  later  date.  "  The  country 
was  inhabited  by  white  people  once,"  said  a  Chillicothe  Indian,  "  for  none  but 
white  people  make  forts.  "  According  to  Humboldt,  the  tribes  of  the  Upper 
Orinoco,  who  were  styled  "  White  Indians,"  differed  from  other  Indians  only 
by  a  much  less  tawny  color.  Embalmed  remains  furnish  but  little  liyht  on 
the  subject.  The  exsiccated  "soft  tissues"  of  the  mummies  give  no  hint  of 
their  original  distinctive  hue — at  least  nothing  that  is  decisive.  The  skin  is 
"dark,  not  black,"  says  one  description;*  it  was  of  "a  dusky  color,"  says 
another,! 

An  examination  of  the  osseous  remains  of  the  Mound-builder  is  not  without 
interest,  and,  in  some  respects,  is  indispensable  to  a  proper  consideration  of 
our  theme.  If,  fbr  example,  the  form  of  the  skull  is  determined  by  the  con- 
dition of  cerebral  development — and  this,  in  turn,  is  regulated  by  habitual 
conditions  of  life — it  is  allowable  to  infer  that  the  Mound-builders  of  the  rul- 
ing class  were  distinguished  by  a  cranial  conformation  of  a  high  type.  This 
we  might  anticipate  from  the  inferential  results  of  Aboriginal  statecraft.  The 
creation  of  vast  and  elaborate  systems  of  military  defense,  implies  the  contem- 
porary existence  of  a  teeming  and  industrious  population.  To  maintain  such 
a  population  by  a  systematic  .cultivation  of  the  soil,  and  to  organize  it  for  the 
public  service  or  for  industrial  pursuits  by  a  methodical  administration  of  def- 
inite and  judicious  laws,  implies  extraordinary  capacity  for  affairs,  and  stamps 
the  pre-historic  statesman  as  the  offspring  of  a  superior  race.  We  should  nat- 
urally expect  to  find  some  evidence  of  this  intellectual  superiority  in  the  con- 
figuration of  the  Mound-builder's  skull;  and  though  the  requisite  data  are 
■wanting  to  justify  any  positive  or  conclusive  statement  on  this  point,  we  shall 
not  be  altogether  disappointed  in  our  anticipations.  Whilst  it  is  difficult  to 
find  crania  of  indisputable  antiquity  in  a  good  state  of  preservation,  it  is  not 
impossible.  There  is  at  least  one  such  specimen  in  the  collection  of  Dr.  Morton 
{Crania  Americana],  and  this  perfectly  typifies,  it  is  alleged,  the  cranial  charac- 
teristics of  the  American  race,  and  particularly  of  that  singular  family  which 
Dr.  Morton  denominates  Tolteoan.  It  exhibits  the  salient  peculiarities  of  the 
ancient  Peruvian  skull — the  prominent  vertex,  the  vertical  or  flattened  occiput, 
and  the  marked  inter-parietal  breadth.  The  facial  angle  (a  measurement  on 
which  Camper  founds  a  distinction  of  races)  is  noted  on  the  record  as  embrac- 
ing 81° — -the  "internal  capacity"  of  the  skull  being  90  cubic  inches.  The  infe- 
rior bone  of  the  jaw  is  said  to  be  peculiarly  massive,  though  less  projecting 
than  the  maxilte  pertaining  to  skeletons  of  a  later  date,  while  the  general 
structure  of  the  bony  frame-work  is  such  as  marks  the  possession  of  excep- 
tional size,  activity,  and  strength.  A  skull  taken  from  a  mound  in  Tennessee 
revealed  a  focial  angle  of  80°,  but  the  measurements  of  skulls  found  in  the 
Mammoth  cave  exhibit  an  angle  not  exceeding  68° — which  is  considerably 
less  than  the  facial  angle  of  the  Ethiopian  or  the  Kalmuck,  and  is  no  doubt 
partly  the  result  of  artificial  compression,  J  Another  skull,  however,  from  the 
same  cavern,  presents  an  angle  of  78° — a  measurement  which  falls  but  little 
below  that  of  the  full-browed  "Caucasian."  The  features  of  the  mummy 
described  on  page  160,  under  the  head  of  Edmonson  County,  "resembled 
those  of  a  tall,  handsome  American  woman;"  the  "forehead  was  high,"  and 
the  "head  well  formed."  A  skull  taken  from  a  large  mound  near  Chillicothe 
"represented,"  in  the  opinion  of  a  high  scientific  authority,  "the  most  perfect 
type  of  the  Indian  race."  It  was  supposed  to  be  the  skull  of  a  pre-historic 
leader. II  We  may  fairly  conclude,  then,  that  the  Mound-builder  of  high  caste 
was  a  being  of  superior  physical  and  mental  organization — of  commanding 
stature,  distinct  and  regular  features,  an  imposing  cranial  contour,  and  a 
bearing  to  which  instinct,  training,  and  association  had  imparted  an  air  of 
high  distinction. 

•  Spp  p.  LW,  under  Edmonson  L'ountr,  Vol.  II. 
t  MilclH'll. 

t  It  is  cU'iir  th.it  the  habit  of  nipchanicil  compression  of  the  head  was  common  to  many  Amer- 
ican nations,  and  prevalent  in  V*^r\\.— Bradford's  Amer.  AnL. 
i  Veetigeii  of  the  Aborigines;  Western  Journal. 


PEE-HISTORIC    INHABITANTS. 


391 


The  Monumental  evidences  of  the  Mound-builder's  existence  tire  of  great, 
thouiih  indeterminate,  antiquity,  and  the  chronological  problem  involved  gives 
but  little  promise  of  an  early  solution.  But  the  archaeologist  has  not  been 
altogether  idle.  He  has  carefully  studied  the  monumental  structure  in  every 
conceivable  relationship— in  its  site,  its  surroundings,  and  its  sepulchral  re- 
mains. Noting  the  relative  position  of  the  structure  and  of  the  stream  flow- 
ing beneath,  he  develops  the  geological  lawr  which  governs  the  formation  of 
the  terraces  that  mark  the  slow  subsidence  of  the  stream ;  he  holds  inquest 
over  the  crumbling  remains  exhumed  from  the  mounds,  and  finds  evidences 
of  antiquity  in  the  peculiar  condition  of  decay ;  he  examines  the  forest  trees 
which  are  rooted  in  its  sepulchral  depths,  and  finds  "rings"  indicating  cen- 
turies of  annual  growth.  From  these  and  other  circumstances  mutually  cor- 
roborative, he  deduces  the  general  conclusion  which  assigns  to  those  monu- 
mental remains  a  positive  antiquity  of  eight  hundred  years.  Their  possible 
antiquity  has  no  assignable  limit.  We  shall  not  undertake  to  devise  any 
theory  in  regard  to  the  ethnological  origin  of  the  Mound-builders,  since  it  is 
not  theory  that  is  wanted,  but  rigid  induction  upon  trustworthy  data.  A 
great  deal  of  reckless  speculation,  on  a  limited  basis  of  fiicts,  has  resulted  in  a 
bewildering  diversity  of  views.  To  one  class  of  theorists,  it  is  quite  clear 
that  America  was  originally  peopled  by  Mongolian  hordes  drifting  across  the 
narrow  straits  of  Behring;  to  another  class,  equally  clear  that  it  was  peopled 
by  streams  of  Malayans  flowing  from  Asiatic  seas,  along  the  shores  of  the 
Pacific  isles.  One  may  very  plausibly  maintain  either  of  these  theories,  to 
the  exclusion  of  the  other;  he  may  very  consistently  adopt  both.  Other  spec- 
ulators, accepting  neither  the  Malayan  nor  Mongolian  theory,  variously  as- 
cribe the  original  peopling  to  the  Atlantides,  the  Egyptians,  the  Hindoos,  the 
Tartars,  the  Celts,  the  Polynesians,  the  Hebrews,  and  the  Welsh.  But,  say 
theorists  still  more  daring,  why  a  derivative  population,  at  all?  Are  not  the 
Americas  the  most  ancient  of  the  continents,  and  the  Aborigines  true  autoch- 
thones, and  "racy  of  the  soil"?  It  is  obvious  that  no  definite  conclusions  are 
to  be  drawn  from  speculations  so  conflicting  as  these.  The  best  we  can  do 
at  present,  therefore,  is  to  content  ourselves  with  believing  that  the  Mound- 
builders  were  ethnically  related  to  the  very  ancient  and  respectable  family  of 
Toltecs  or  Toltecas — a  migratory  group  which  the  inquirer  first  sees  moving 
phantasmally  in  the  dim  back-grounds  of  Clavigero.  If  we  may  credit  the 
declarations  of  that  industrious  but  not  too  discriminating  archaeologist,  there 
can  be  no  sort  of  doubt.^hat  the  Toltecs  came  originally  from  the  northern 
parts  of  America — driven  from  seats  in  which  their  ancestors  had  been  set- 
tled for  ages;  that  the  Toltecan  movement  towards  the  South  was  the  beginning 
of  a  series  of  migrations,  occurring  at  successive  dates  from  the  middle  of  the 
7th  to  the  end  of  the  12th  century,  and  closing  with  the  movement  of  the 
Aztecs  pouring  southward  from  the  land  of  Aztlan.  All  these  tribes  were  of 
the  same  descent,  were  alike  in  physiognomical  traits,  spoke  the  same  lan- 
guage, claimed  the  same  country,  obeyed  the  same  laws,  and  worshiped  the 
same  gods.  It  has  been  suggested,  by  an  antiquarian  critic,  that  the  ancient 
Aztlan,  from  which  the  Aztecs  were  driven  about  the  middle  of  the  12th  cen- 
tury, was  situated  "  in  some  of  the  rich  valleys  of  the  West,  where  the  memo- 
rials of  an  exiled  race  still  abound."  He  founds  the  hypothesis  upon  an 
alleged  etymology  of  the  word  Aztlan,  meaning  a  "country  of  water,"  and 
upon  a  topographical  representation  of  the  land,  Aztlan,  preserved  in  Mexi- 
can hieroglyphical  remains.*  However  this  may  be,  it  seems  impossible,  in 
general,  to  resist  the  somewhat  impotent  conclusion,  that  nothing  short  of  ex- 
tended and  accurate  inductive  research  will  ever  reveal  the  exact  ethnological 
position  and  significance  of  the  Mound-builder,  or  in  any  degree  impart  to 
his  faded  civilization  the  hues  of  historic  life ;  since  no  sciences,  according 
to  the  acute  and  laborious  Squier,  "  require  so  extensive  a  range  of  facts  to 
their  elucidation,  as  Archaeology  and  Ethnology,  or  the  Sciences  of  Man  and 
Nations." 


ANCIENT   TOWNS   AND   MONUMENTS. 


As  a  suitable  addition  to  the  foregoin<i!  discussion,  we  append  the  first  and 
only  general  list  ever  published  of  the  ancient  monuments  of  Kentucky.  The 
catalogue — of  which  we  copy  less  than  one-third,  omitting  all  those  located  in 
Ohio,  Tennessee,  and  other  States — was  prepared  in  the  year  1824,  by  C.  S. 
Rafinesque,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  Natural  Sciences,  etc.,  in  Transylvania 
University,  and  published  in  the  Introduction  to  Marshall's  History  of  Ken- 
tucky, second  edition,  and  also  in  a  thin  octavo  volume,  entitled  ""  Ancient 
History,  or  Annals  of  Kentucky."  Of  these  monuments,  the  greater  part 
were  discovered  and  surveyed  by  Prof.  R,  in  the  course  of  four  yeara  pre- 
vious. The  total  number  of  ancient  sites  in  Kentucky  known  to  him  was 
J48,  and  of  ancient  remains  or  monuments,  50.5.  He  regarded  them  all  as 
very  ancient,  except  those  in  Bourbon  and  Christian  counties,  and  several  in 
Fayette — which  his  researches  convinced  him  were  less  ancient  (from  100  to 
1000  years),  and  belonged  to  the  Lenapian  nations  heretofore  referred  to. 

Several  of  the  engravings  of  such  remains — of  which  we  give  quite  a  num- 
ber in  lid.  volume,  under  the  counties  in  which  they  were  located — are  from 
drawings  in  his  large  manuscript  work  on  the  Antiquities  of  Kentucky,  em- 
bracing nearly  one  hundred  maps  and  views ;  but  most  of  the  sketches  were 
made  originally  for  this  work.* 

No.of        No.  of 

Sites.    Monumeata.  Counties  in  wiiich  located  in  1824. 

..In  Adair,  on  the  Cumberland  river. 

..     Bath,  on  the  waters  of  Licking  river, 

..     Boone,  on  the  Ohio,  a  town  near  Burlington,  etc. 

..  Bourbon,  a  circus  of  14.50  feet  on  Licking  river,  a  town,  poly- 
gon of  4675  feet  on  Stoner's  creek,  etc. 

..  Bracken,  great  battle-ground,  etc.,  near  Augusta,  iron  rings 
and  a  copper  medal  with  unknown  letters,  etc. 

..     Caldwell,  a  stone  fort  on  Trade  water  river. 

..     Calloway,  a  mound  15  feet  high  on  Blood  river. 

..     Campbell,  near  Covington,  and  at  Big  Bone  Lick. 

..     Christian,  near  Hopkinsville,  etc. 

..     Clark,    near  Winchester,  Boonesborough,  etc. 

..     Clay,  near  Manchester,  etc. 

..  Fayette,  on  North  Elkhorn,  a  beautiful  circus,  a  dromus,  etc., 
on  South  Elkhorn,  near  Lexington,  a  polygon  town,  sev- 
eral squares,  mounds,  graves,  etc.  9  East  Indian  Shells 
found  in  the  ground,  etc. 

..     Gallatin,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky  river. 

..  Garrard,  principally  mounds  and  small  circus,  on  Paint  creek, 
Sugar  creek,  etc. 

..     Greenup,  fine  remains  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Scioto. 

..     Harlan,  on  the  Cumberland  river,  near  its  source. 

..     Hart,  mounds  near  Green    river,  etc.     Mummies  in  caves. 

..  Harrison,  a  circus  near  Cynthiana,  many  mounds,  round, 
elliptical,  or  ditched,  16,  20,  25,  and  30  feet  high. 

..  Hickman,  a  fine  teocalli,  on  the  Mississippi  below  the  Iroa- 
banks,  450  feet  long,  10  feet  high ;  only  30  feet  wide 

..     .Tefferson,  on  the  Ohio,  near  Louisville. 

..     Jessamine,  mounds,  graves,  embankments. 

..     Knox,  on  the  Cumberland  river,  and  near  Barboursville. 

..     Lewis,  on  the  Ohio. 

..     Lincoln,  on  Dick's  river,  and  near  Wilmington. 

..  Livingston,  an  octagon  of  2852  feet  on  Hurricane  creek,  etc., 
mouth  of  the  Cumberland. 

42 Logan,  towns   and   mounds   on   Muddy  river,  etc.     A   silver 

medal  found  in  a  mound. 

'  See  biographical  sketch  of  Prof.  Rafinesque,  on  puge  201,  Vol.  II. 


1 

3. 

1... 

...  3. 

4... 

..  S. 

5... 

..46. 

4... 

.,  0. 

1... 

..  1. 

2... 

..  4. 

5... 

...li^. 

S... 

..18. 

6... 

..  %. 

15... 

..36. 

1... 
3... 

..  1. 
..12. 

1... 

..  3. 

2... 

..  5. 

2  .. 

..  7. 

.5... 

..16. 

4... 

..  1. 

4... 

..10. 

3... 

7. 

1... 

1. 

2 

1 

3... 

..14. 

ANCIENT   TOWNS   AND   MONUMENTS.  393 

No.of         No.  of 

Sites.    MouumuDts.  Couuttes  in  which  located  iu  1S24. 

3 7 In  Madison,  near  the  Kentucky,  etc.;  mounds,  etc. 

2 2 Mason,  near  VVashinjston,  a  small  teocalli. 

3 35 McCracken,  on  the  Ohio,  a  fine  square  teocalli  of  1200  feet, 

and  14  feet  high;  on  the  Mississippi,  5  rows  of  mounds, 
etc. 

6 12 Mercer,  a  fort  on  Dick's  river,  several  remains  on  Salt  river, 

etc. 

10 48 Montgomery,  squares,  hexagons,  polygons,  etc.     On  Somer- 

set'and  Buck  creeks,  many  high,  round,  elliptical,  or 
ditched  mounds.     A  fine  circus  or  circular  temple,  etc. 

1 1 Pendleton,  at  the  fork  of  Licking  river. 

1 1 Perry,  a  long  dromus  near  Hazard. 

2 7 Pulaski,  stone  mounds  on  Pitman  and  Buck  creeks. 

1 1 llockcastle,  a  stone  grave  200  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,  3  feet 

high,  near  Mount  Vernon. 

5 12 Scott,  a  ditched  town  near  Georgetown,  on  the  South  Elk- 
horn  ;  a  square  on  Dry  run,  etc. 

2 2 Shelby,  near  Shelhyville,  and  south  of  it. 

5 24 I'rigg,  a  walled  town,  7500  feet  in  circumference,  at  Can- 
ton, on  the  Cumberland,  inclosing  several  large  mounds 
and  a  square  teocalli  150  feet  long,  90  feet  wide,  22  feet 
high.  Many  mounds  on  Cumberland,  Little  river,  Cadiz, 
etc. 

3 16 Warren,  a  ditched  town,  irregular  octagon  of  1385  feet  on 

Big  Barren  river,  near  Howling  Green,  inclosing  5  houses 
and  2  teocallis.     Mounds,  etc. 

5 66 Whitley,  a  town  on  the  Cumberland,  above  Williamsburg, 

with  20  houses,  and  a  teocalli  360  feet  long,  150  feet 
wide,  12  feet  high.  Remains  of  towns  with  houses  on  the 
waters  of  Laurel  river  and  Watts  creek. 

6 12 Woodford,  a  fine  octagon  teocalli  of  1200  feet,  and  8  feet 

high.     A  town  of  2700  feet  on  South  Elkhorn ;  a  square 

on  Clear  creek,  etc. 

148        505 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


CLIMATE   OF   KENTUCKY. 


There  is  one  feature  in  the  climate  of  Kentucky  about  which  authorities  gen- 
erally agree — that  is,  they  concur  in  describinir  it  as  "fickle."  Yet,  if  we  miiiht 
rely  upon  the  accompanying  record  of  the  weather,  fickleness  is  the  exception 
rather  than  the  rule.  The  mean  annual  temperature  for  Kentucky  is  iibout 
fifty-five  degrees  Fahrenheit;  and,  for  the  fifteen  years  between  185(3  and  1871, 
but  a  single  one  (that  of  1871)  has  varied  so  much  as  one  degree  from  the  mean. 

Cold  Spells. — American  authorities  all  make  our  storms  approach,  in  winter, 
from  the  west.  Kentucky  is  an  inland  district,  swept  over  by  winds  ranging 
many  hundred  miles,  and  its  temperature  may  be  attected  very  considerably 
when  tlie  temper  of  those  winds  is  intensely  cold.  On  two  occasions,  only, 
since  the  commencement  of  the  present  century,  the  mercury  has  been  caused 
to  sink  sixty  degrees  within  twelve  hours  by  these  cold  winds.  The  first  oc- 
curred on  the  evening  of  the  6th  of  February,  1807,  which  was  Thursday 
At  nightfall  it  was  mild,  but  cloudy;  after  night  it  commenced  raining,  with 
a  high  west  wind.  This  rain  soon  changed  to  snow,  which  continued  to  fall 
rapidly  to  the  depth  of  some  six  inches;  but  the  wind,  which  moved  at  the  rate 
of  a  hurricane,  soon  lifted  and  dispersed  the  clouds,  and,  within  the  short  space 
of  twelve  hours  from  the  close  of  a  very  mild  Thursday,  all  Kentucky  was  treated 
to  a  gentle  rain,  a  violent  snow-storm,  and  a  bright,  sunshiny  morning,  so  bit- 
terly cold  that  by  acclamation  it  was  termed  ''Cold  Friday." 

The  first  day  of  January,  1864,  made  its  appearance  under  conditions  iden- 
tical with-those  of  Cold  Friday.  The  mercury,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  last  day 
of  December,  1863,  stood  at  4.5°.  A  drenching  shower  of  rain  fell,  at  Louisville, 
lasting  only  a  few  minutes,  folIowed,«bout  nightfall,  by  an  almost  blinding  snow- 
storm and  deep  snow;  the  storm  gradually  subsided  as  the  cold  wind  increased, 
blowing  a  hurricane  from  the  west,  and,  on  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  January, 
the  volume  of  cold  wafted  in  the  winds  had  sent  the  mercury  in  the  open  air  from 
45°  above  zero  to  more  than  20°  below. 

At  six  other  periods  since  1800,  the  thermometer  has  stood  as  low  as  on  Cold 
Friday  in  1807,  or  the  1st  of  January,  1S64 — this  result  also  brought  about  in 
part  by  the  volume  of  cold  air  which  constituted  the  winds.  On  these  occasions 
the  winds  moved  slowly,  and  allowed  the  earth  time  to  give  off  its  surface  heat 
and  warm  up  the  advanced  portions  of  the  wave  of  cold  wind;  so  that  it  was  two 
days,  instead  of  twelve  hours,  before  the  greatest  degree  of  cold  was  reached. 
Of  these  six  periods  of  great  cold,  the  first  was  February  9,  1818,  when  the 
mei'cury  in  the  morning  was  at  20°  below  zero,  and  the  next  morning  it  fell 
to  22°  below  zero;  February  14,  1823,  was  the  second;  January,  in  1835,  was 
the  third;  January  19,  1852,  was  the -fourth;  January  10,  1856^  the  fifth;  and 
January  19,  1857,  the  sixth  and  last. 

The  most  severe  season  of  cold  ever  known  in  Kentucky  and  the  neighbor- 
ing States  was  the  winter  of  1779-80.  It  is  still  known  as  "the  cold  winter." 
The  degree  of  cold  reached  does  not  seem  to  be  recorded.  In  the  Delaware 
river,  at  Philadelphia,  the  ice  was  three  feet  thick,  and  continued  last  for  three 
months  and  a  half  Long  Island  sound  was  frozen  over,  and  the  Chesapeake 
bay,  at  Annapolis,  was  passed  over  with  loaded  sleds  and  sleighs.  The  Cum- 
berland river,  near  where  Nashville  now  is,  was  frozen  over^he  ice  being 
solid  enough  to  allow  the  cattle  of  the  emigrant,  Capt.  Raines,  to  pass  over.* 
In  the  interior  of  Kentucky,  about  Harrodsburg,  from  the  middle  of  Novem- 
ber to  the  middle  of  February,  snow  and  ice  continued  on  the  ground  without 
a  thaw,  and  snowstorms,  accompanied  with  bleak,  driving,  and  piercing  winds, 

*  Putnam's  History  of  ^fiddle  Tcuuessee,  page  66. 

(394) 


CLIMATE   OP   KENTUCKY.  395 

were  wonderfully  frequent.  Not  a  drop  of  rain  fell;  the  rivers,  rivulets,  and 
springs  were  all  frozen  solid,  and  water  for  drinking,  cookino;,  and  washing  was 
obtained  only  by  melting  snow  and  ice.  All  through  the  hours  of  the  night 
the  slumbers  of  the  suffering  pioneers  wei'e  disturbed  and  broken  by  the  roai^ 
ings  and  strugglings  of  herds  of  distressed  buffaloes  and  other  wild  animals, 
who  fought  and  bellowed,  and  strove  to  reach  positions  of  shelter  from  the 
winds  and  of  warmth  against  the  chimneys  of  the  rude  log-houses.  Myriads 
of  bears,  wolves,  buffaloes,  deer,  and  other  wild  animals,  and  birds  and  wild 
fowl,  were  found  starved  and  frozen  to  death. 

The  winter  of  1781-82,  beside  being  severely  cold,  was  remarkable  for  a 
sleet  which  covered  the  trees  and  shrubbery,  and  was  a  matter  of  great  won- 
der to  the  white  settlei's,  who  had  never  seen  any  thing  like  it*  The  winters 
of  1783,  1784,  and  1785  were  all  intensely  cold.  On  the  2fjth  of  December, 
1788,  the  Delaware  river,  in  the  Bast,  and  the  Ohio  river,f  in  the  West,  were 
completely  closed  with  ice,  so  that  no  boat  moved  either  up  or  down  until  the 
18th  of  March.  "The  inhabitants  were  hard  pressed  for  provisions;  no  meat 
but  venison  or  bear — and  these  very  scarce,  from  the  destruction  made  by  the 
Indians,  in  the  summer  and  autumn  previous,  while  waiting  to  attend  a  treaty 
at  Marietta.  Before  the  river  opened,  many  of  the  people  lived  for  weeks  with- 
out bread,  eating  boiled  corn,  or  coarse  meal  ground  in  the  hand-mill,  with  lit- 
tle or  no  meat  of  any  kind." 

On  the  23d  of  Januar}',  1792,  about  150  volunteers  rendezvoused  at  Cincinnati, 
to  go  out  to  St  Clair's  battle-ground  to  help  bury  the  dead.  J:  They  were  prom- 
ised horses  from  among  those  belonging  to  the  United  States,  which  were  kept 
across  the  Ohio  river,  in  Kentucky,  where  Newport  now  is.  There  was  the 
heaviest  snow  on  the  ground  ever  known  within  the  memory  of  the  whites, 
which,  on  the  day  the  troops  started,  was  increased  to  two  feet  in  depth.  The 
Ohio  had  been  frozen,  and  so  tliick  was  the  ice  that  all  efforts  to  open  a  chan- 
nel for  the  flats  to  ferry  over  the  horses  proved  abortive,  and  they  had  to  be 
taken  up  and  crossed  over  above  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Miami  river,  where 
the  ice  was  found  strong  enough  to  bear  their  weight 

For  ten  days  previous  to  Tuesday,  December  20,  1796,  the  Ohio  river  had 
been  frozen  over  to  the  depth  of  nine  inches,  enclosing  firmly  the  "Kentucky 
boats"  of  quite  a  number  of  emigrants.  Heavy  rains  fell,  inspiring  them  with 
hopes  of  release  and  of  a  prosperous  journey;  but  the  weather  turned  colder, 
and  on  that  night,  and  the  next,  the  thermometer  stood  at  17°  below  zero.  Be- 
fore daylight,  "on  the  22d,  the  ice  bridge  broke  up  with  a  noise  like  thunder, 
carrying  to  destruction  many  of  the  boats,  and  to  death  some  of  their  adven- 
turous passengers.il  Soon  after  this,  there  fell  two  feet  of  snow.  In  February, 
1799,  the  cold  was  nearly  as  severe,  and  the  snow  quite  deep.§ 

Quicksilver  will  freeze,  and  burst  the  bulb  of  the  thermometer,  at  — 40°, 
or  40°  below  zero;  therefore,  in  very  cold  climates,  thermometers  are  used 
which  are  filled  with  spirits  of  wine.  In  his  second  voyage  to  the  North  Pole, 
Perry  said  his  alcoholic  thermometer  sunk  to  58°  below  0. 

Ac/ion  of  Cold  Winds. — There  is  one  peculiarity  which  results  from  the  ac- 
tion of  cold  winds  upon  the  climate  of  inland  countries  that  deserves  the  at- 
tention of  the  student  of  climatic  influences.  It  is  that,  while  radiation  and 
conduction — the  local  laws  regulating  cold— make  daylight,  or  the  dawn  of 
morning,  the  coldest  period  of  the  twenty-four  hours,  a  volume  of  cold  wind 
overrides  these  laws,  and  makes  the  moment  of  greatest  intensity  as  indefinite 
as  the  winds  are  fickle. 

When  the  moving  winds  are  colder  than  the  local  atmosphere  at  any  merid- 
ian, the  greatest  degree  of  cold  occurs  at  the  moment  when  the  wind  ceases 
to  blow  and  a  calm  ensues.  But  the  extreme  crust  of  the  earth  exposed  to  a 
moving  cold  wind — like  a  ball  of  hot  iron  immersed  in  cold  water,  and  sud-. 
denly  withdrawn — will  throw  out  heat  from  the  interior,  and  raise  the  surface 
temperature,  as  soon  as  the  cooling  element  ceases  to  operate. 

An  example  of  the  power  of  the  wind  over  the  hour  of  greatest  cold  occurred 
on  the  night  of  the  19th  of  January,  1852.    On  that  night,  at  six  o'clock  p.  M., 

'SSPe,  paffp  1 10.  t  Hitdrctli's  Pioneer  History,  pago  215. 

n  Ci.-^fs  flIiSL'cllany,  vol.  2,  page  .31. 

■  iu  l.aii  aud  1797,  page  163.  i  Hildicth,  page  4S7. 


396  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   THE 

the  tliermometer  stood  at  — i°,  and  at  eleven  o'clock  P.  M.,  had  sunk  to  — 18°, 
when  a  calm  ensued.  At  six  a.  m.,  next  moraine,  the  thermometer,  under  a 
clear  sky.  instead  of  foiling,  as  it  usually  does,  had  risen  to  7°  below  zero. 

Biver  Floods. — (1.)  The  first  "flood"  in  the  Ohio  river  of  which  we  have 
an  authentic  account,  since  the  valley  was  settled  by  the  whites,  was  in 
March,  1774  It  was  spoken  of  as  a  remarkably  high  "freshet,  and,  from  cer- 
tain fixed  marks  on  Wheelins;  creek,  Va.,  was  estimated  to  have  been  equal  to 
the  flood  of  1832.*  (2.)  The  second  was  in  1789— one  account  says  in  Janu- 
uary,f  another  in  November.  J  The  settlement  at  Columbia,  0.,  a  few  miles 
above  Cincinnati,  was  overflown  to  such  a  height  as  first  to  drive  the  soldiers 
at  one  of  the  block-houses  up  into  the  loft,  and  then  out  by  the  gable  into  the 
solitary  boat  which  the  ice  had  spared  them,  and  in  which  they  crossed  over 
to  the  Kentucky  hills.  "  But  one  house  escaped  the  deluge" — i.  e.,  remained 
out  of  water.  (3.)  The  third  was  in  1817.  (4.)  In  February,  1832,  occurred 
the  fourth  and  most  disastrous  freshet.  The  early  breaking-up  of  a  winter  of 
excessive  cold  was  followed  by  long-continued  and  very  heavy  rains,  which,  find- 
ing no  escape  through  the  frozen  ground,  raised  the  Ohio  and  all  its  branches 
to  "their  greatest  known  height,  overflowing  their  banks  and  laying  under  water 
the  whole  Ohio  valley  to  a  width  sometimes  of  several  miles.  The  towns  and 
villages  were  flooded  so  deeply  as  to  force  the  inhabitants,  in  many  oases,  to 
takerefuge  in  boats  or  upon  the  neighboring  hills — causing  immense  damage 
and  destruction  of  property,  and  great  personal  suffering.  From  the  7th  to  the 
19th  of  February  the  water  continued  to  rise,  until,  at  Covington,  it  reached 
the  height  of  sixty-three  feet  above  low-water  mark.  Above  the  crest  of  the 
falls  at  Louisville,  the  flood  mark  of  1832  is  forty  and  eight-tenths  feet  above 
the  low-water  mark — that  is,  between  the  lowest  and  highest  marks  on  record. 
Below  the  falls,  the  total  rise  of  1832  is  estimated  at  sixty-three  feet— the  same 
as  at  Covington;  at  Maysville  it  was  sixty-two  feet.  (5.)  The  fifth,  and  most 
recent,  flood  in  the  Ohio  river  occurred  in  December,  1847.  At  Louisville  it 
reached  a  point  only  nine  inches  below  that  of  1832,  and  at  Maysville  only  six 
inches  below.  Many  houses  were  washed  away,  many  more  undermined  by 
the  waters  and  fell,  a  number  of  persons  were  drowned,  thousands  of  hogs 
drowned  in  their  pens,  and  the  destruction  of  property  of  all  kinds  was  very 
great. 

The  heaviest  rain-fall  ever  known  in  Northern  Kentucky,  in  so  short  a  time — 
judging  by  its  effects,  for  no  measurement  was  made — was  on  the  nights  of 
Thursday  and  Friday,  December  9th  and  10th,  1847.  The  creeks  and  smaller 
streams  rose  so  rapidly  as,  in  some  cases,  to  drive  people  in  their  night  clothes 
to  the  second  stories  of  their  houses  for  safety.  The  North  Fork  of  Licking 
river  was,  at  some  points,  five,  and  at  others  ten,  feet  higher  than  ever  known. 
The  turnpike-road  just  south  of  Millersburg  was,  for  several  hours,  covered 
with  water  to  the  depth  of  from  seven  to  ten  feet.  The  Licking,  Kentucky, 
and  Cumberland  rivers  were  all  alarmingly  high,  and,  with  their  branches, 
did  immense  damage  by  the  washing  away  of  houses,  mills,  dams,  fences,  hogs, 
stacks  of  grain  and  hay,  &c.  We  have  not  had  access  to  any  data  in  regard 
to  the  floods  of  the  interior  and  small  rivers  of  Kentucky,  at  any  other  date. 

Heat,  and  liain-fall. — Lorin  Blodget  has  placed  Kentucky  in  the  district 
where  the  rain-fall  is  about  fifty  inches,  and  the  accompanying  tables  make 
the  average  for  thirty  years  50.3  inches:  the  greatest  fall  in  any  one  year  be- 
ing that  of  1865,  60  and  69-100  inches,  and  the  least— that  of"l  856—29  and 
99-100  inches.  The  greatest  amount  of  water  falling  inside  of  four  consecu- 
tive hours  occurred  on  the  8th  of  May,  1843,  reaching  4  and  37-100  inches  in 
three  and  a  half  hours. 

But  showers  that  swell  the  local  streams  most  rapidly,  and  that  are  most  to 
be  dreaded  by  builders  and  owners  of  mill-dams  and  bridges,  are  those  which 
fall  at  the  rate  of  three  inches  or  more  per  hour,  and  attain  in  magnitude  the 
proportions  of  one  and  a  half  inches  or  more.  About  three  of  such  freshets 
have  occurred  within  the  period  embraced  by  the  accompanying  tables. 

The  greatest  amount  of  surface  water  lying  upon  the  ground  at  any  one  time 
was  witnessed  on  the  10th  of  March,  1854,  after  a  rain-fall  of  seven  and  a  half 

•  Ameikau  Pioueer,  vol.  i,  pns''  Sl.'i.  t  AUmcli's  Western  .^nnals,  3d  eilit.,  page  4S3. 


CLIMATE   OF   KENTUCKY.  397 

inches  in  three  days.  Every  little  depression  in  the  level  fjround  had  become 
a  lakelet,  with  a  little  stream  at  the  lowest  point  in  its  margin  seeking  an  out- 
let for  its  surplus  waters. 

Although  the  main  annual  rain-fall  varies  but  little,  there  is  no  approximation 
to  uniformity  for  the  same  montli  in  different  years;  as,  for  example,  September 
is  generally  one  of  the  driest  months  in  the  year,  but,  in  1865,  its  rain-fall  reached 
12.80  inches — the  highest  figures  attained  by  any  month  in  the  series.  It  is  also 
noticeable  that  no  two  months  in  the  same  year  experienced  rain-falls  so  far 
above  the  average  as  ten  inches.  In  regard  to  the  effect  of  the  rain-fall  upon 
the  growing  crops,  our  observations  are  rather  too  meager  to  speak  with  much 
confidence. 

The  smallest  rain-fall  was  that  in  18.56,  a  year  of  drought,  and  was  about 
thirty  inches.  Our  register  says  for  this  year  the  winter  grains  were  good, 
the  summer  crops  very  poor.  There  was  also  a  drought  during  the  year  1854, 
with  an  annual  rain-fall  equal  to  41.88  inches,  and  the  register  describes  the 
winter  gnvins  of  1854  as  very  good,  and  the  summer  crops  generally  poor — 
turnips  worth  $1  per  bushel. 

In  this  year,  summer  crops  received  the  benefit  of  only  three  and  three-quar- 
ter inches  of  rain  from  the  18th  of  May,  for  twelve  consecutive  weeks,  up  to 
August  10th.  In  1848  there  fell  during  the  same  twelve  weeks  about  twelve 
inches  of  rain,  and  the  register  of  that  year  reports  the  summer  crops  as  "very 
superior'' — wlieat  hurt  by  rust.  In  1846  the  register  records  summer  crops  as 
very  good,  with  the  annual  rain-fall  at  ten  inches  below  an  average ;  but  from 
the  same — 18th  of  May— until  the  10th  of  August,  the  rain  gauge  marked  11 
and  17-100  inches.  It  appears,  hence,  to  be  of  little  importance  what  the 
annual  rain-fall  may  be,  provided  the  growing  season  is  well  furnished  with 
moisture.  It  appears  also  that  early-maturing  crops  may  do  well,  even  when 
those  of  midsummer  growth  prove  failures. 

HEAT  AND  RAIN-FALL  AT   LOUISVILLE. 


MfiiM  fi,r 

Mran  for 

Mran  for 

Meiin  for 

.Mcitn  for 

Mean  for 

3Iean  for 

TEARS. 

N.ivt.nilKT. 

Dec-mlj.T. 

Febru.ir.v. 

Marcl.. 

April. 

lIlM.t, 

li.iin. 

H.at. 

Kain. 

FIcnt 

l!,u„. 

11^ 

Asy, 

Ruin. 

Tsi 

Heat 

Rain. 
~640 

Hnit 
.63J 

Kain. 

5'8~ 

llain. 

1841-42... 

49.5 

4.54 

46~ 

4.60 

35K 

4.14 

2.05 

1842^3... 

51 

1  89 

36  K 

2.30 136 

3.12 

38 

3.40 

28 

2.06 

30.3 

2.98 

54  K 

5.11 

1843-44... 

49.5 

3.82 

42..3' 

3.7537.3 

2.98 

33.8 

2.46 

39.7 

1.68 

47 

4.90 

66 

3.28 

1844-45... 

51.7 

3.47 

46.4 

2.23 

38.5 

1.82 

39.4 

3.01 

42.3 

2.68 

47 

6.98 

62.3 

3.04 

1845-46... 

54 

1.76 

43.4 

1.85 

26.8 

1.41 

38.2 

2.86 

.34.8 

3.06 

47.6 

3.11 

59.6 

3.60 

184B-47... 

55.2 

1.73 

47.2 

2.86 

43 

7.84 

34 

3.31 

38 

5.01 

43.2 

6.14 

69 

3.27 

1847-48... 

66.3 

5.06 

48 

6.19 

35.8 

6.40 

40.4 

4.26 

40 

4.46 

47 

3.52 

64  J^ 

1.32 

1848-49... 

52.7 

2.46 

37.9 

4.75 

43.2 

10.90 

.32.6 

5.53 

32.6 

3.06 

49.6 

4.08 

63 

2.23 

1849-50... 

53 

4.69 

49.7 

1.33 

32 

7.55 

37.6 

6.20 

36 

4.43 

42.5 

8.18 

49.8 

6.119 

1850-51... 

53 

3.11 

46 

5.31 

34.5 

7.02 

36.5 

.98 

42 

7.10 

47.8 

2.72 

61.0 

3.25 

1851-52... 

62 

2.47 

41 

2.16 

31.6 

3.91 

27.4 

1.81 

4.77 

48.4 

4.69 

51 

6.32 

1852-63... 

60K 

2.63 

421^ 

4.61 

41 

9.47 

35.8 

1.51 

36k 

5.22 

42.8 

2.13 

56  K 

4.70 

1853-54... 

52 

3.24 

50 

2.57 

33.7 

1.41 

32.4 

4.92 

41.4 

■  3.05 

49.3 

10.26 

55 

2.08 

1854-55... 

60.6 

5.19 

42.4 

3.91 

35.8 

2.44 

35.1 

4.84 

30 

1.21 

39.3 

5.07 

59.2 

2.71 

1855-56... 

53.9 

1.85 

49.8 

5.16 

34.7 

3.18 

21.1 

1.14 

28.4 

2.33 

36.2 

.90 

59 

1.70 

1856-57... 

58 

1.62 

43.4 

4.56 

.30.2 

4.93 

21.2 

1.89 

42.6 

3.76 

40.5 

.50 

43.3 

6.54 

1857-58... 

64.9 

1.99 

41.6 

6.82 

41.7 

5.00 

41.6 

3.50 

30.1 

2.61 

45 

1.34 

56.8 

6.34 

1858-59... 

69.7 

3.88 

38.96 

2.74 

41.7 

7.32 

33 

3.64 

38  5 

7.00 

68 

4.60 

53 

7.62 

1859-60... 

53  M 

2.26 

49.3 

4.411 

29 

7.53 

36 

5.34 

37:4 

48 

.59 

58.2 

6.81 

1860-61... 

57.9 

1.74 

41.7 

B.28 

31.9 

2.9:' 

34.4 

5.26 

42 

2!36 

44  K 

3.45 

55.6 

3.65 

1861-62... 

58 

4.77 

47 

4.81 

42 

1.67 

36.8 

6.70 

35.7 

3.57 

44.7 

6.96 

55.4 

5.21 

1802-63... 

61 

1.16 

44.7 

5.15 

40.7 

6.09 

38.9 

7.33 

34.9 

4.12 

43 

4.13 

54.8 

3.38 

186.3-64... 

57 

6.89 

45.7 

3.14 

38.9 

4.52 

29.7 

3.19 

37 

1.72 

43.6 

2.35 

51 

3.07 

1864-65... 

51.3 

3.52 

45.7 

6.3(1 

33.6 

6.18 

25.8 

3.41 

38.4 

3.64 

49M 

7.86 

56.6 

8.84 

1865-66... 

55.6 

1.84 

45 

1.25 

37.7 

7.90 

::4,6 

4.57 

36 

2.06 

43 

8.07 

60 

2.67 

1866-67... 

57.2 

1.72 

45K 

4.82 

34  M 

3.01 

26.6 

2,93 

42.7 

8.90 

37.4 

6.61 

56.7 

3.05 

1867-68... 

67 

.74 

47.7 

i.yo 

36.5 

6.62 

29.6 

4  29 

35 

1.69  52.6 

6.83 

53 

6.05 

1868-69... 

55.5 

1.95 

44.4 

2.68 

31 

4.01 

39.1 

280 

40.7 

3.5040.2 

4.66 

51.7 

6.80 

1869-70... 

47.1 

3.16 

40.1 

5.95 

2.88 

36.2 

9.30 

36 

2.68  40.7 

5.32 

63 

3.64 

1870-71... 

59.S 

3.89 

46.4 

2.40 

33.4 

2.20 

36.7 

3.05 

39.5 

5.74 

60.7 

7.29 

59.1 

2.00 

HISTORICAL    SKETCn   0?  THE 


Mriiu  for 
Jlay. 

Mean  for 
June. 

Mean  for 
July. 

Mean  for 
August. 

S.-piemter. 

n.ai. 

Annual 

HeHt. 

Rain. 

Heat. 

Riiiu. 

Heat. 

Kain. 

Heat. 

Raiu. 

Heat. 

Kain. 

l^rt 

^n'd" 

1841^2 

1842-43 

1843-44 

1844^5 

1845-46 

1846-47 

1847^8 

1848-49 

1849-50 

1850-51 

1851-52 

1852-53 

1853-54 

1854-55 

1855-56 

1856-57 

1857-58 

1858-59 

1859-60 

1860-61 

1861-62 

1862-63 

1863-64 

1864-65 

1865-66 

1866-67 

1867-68 

1868-69 

1869-70 

1870-71 

6014 

65 

67.3 

61.7 

68.7 

61 

69.3 

63.2 

57.8 

55.4 

63.7 

62  K 
64.8 
63.2 
64.4 

64.2 

67 

67.8 

59.9 

64 

65.4 

63  J^ 
63.3 
61 
59.8 
63 

61K 
66 
64 

4.32 

8.45 
7.12 
1.45 
4.73 
1.80 
5.10 
4.29 
2.48 
2.82 
4.61 
1.95 
5.46 
3.75 
301 
7.94 
7.91 
1.37 
7.53 
7.02 
2.31 
2.18 
4.18 
7.57 
1.84 
6.52 
8.45 
5.19 
4.71 
5.97 

68 

73.7 

72.6 

74.2 

69.8 

7VA 

72.4 

72 

69.2 

69.3 

67.5 

69.2 

75.fi 

69.5 

73.2 

71.6 

70.1 

73 

69.8 

69.3 

72 

75.6 

72 

72 

71 

73 

75 

7.48 
3.15 
4.64 

7.08 
4.99 
3.23 
4.65 
9.24 
7.00 
4.16 
.74 
3.81 
8.10 
2.06 
5.17 
3.55 
1.99 
2.47 
6.16 
8.91 
4.26 
3.09 
3.86 
6.48 
4..58 
5.98 
5.18 

90 

75 

77.4 

76 

77.7 

74.9 

73 

72 

76 

69.1 

74 

73 

79.5 

76.9 

78.3 

70 

77.2 

77.7 

77.6 

72.1 

76.5 

74.3 

77.6 

uy, 

77.4 
75.2 
81.7 
76.6 

78.7 
77.2 

3.42 
5.89 
6.76 
4.34 
2.78 
2.24 
11.47 
4.07 
8.17 
4.42 
1..34 
4.79 
1.60 
2.55 
.57 
4.37 
4.48 
2.13 
1.80 
2.27 
1.94 
4.69 
2.13 
6.92 
8.37 
3.53 
5.10 
3.39 

2^22 

70 

72 

72 

76 

77.3 

71.8 

li'A 

75 

72.4 

68 

73.5 

80.6 

73.3 

71.4 

73.2 

75.5 

73 

79 

73.1 

76.3 

73.6 

75.9 

73M 

70.4 

76.1 

74 

78.3 

78 

79 

1.30 
3.54 
2.9i 
4.8: 
5.78 

5.56 

5.'.34 
5.UI 
3.95 
4.05 
1.56 
4.44 
5.15 

3.48 
6.53 
6.. 34 
6.37 
4.83 
260 
5.63 
3.68 
3.46 

6.h 
2.73 

65 

71 

67.8 

67M 

72.3 

66.9 

64M 

71 

65.7 

67.3 

64 

70 

76.2 

73.5 

68 

69 

68.3 

67 

66.2 

67.6 

72^ 

64.4 

7512 

66.8 

72 

65.4 

68.9 

72 

66.7 

1.94 
3.79 

.76 
4.13 
2.46 
3.94 
1..34 
1.01 
2.55 

.48 
3.95 
3.25 
1.92 
3.65 
1.85 

.87 
2.74 
2.17 
3.21 
4.69 
4.20 
2.98 
4.33 
5.61 
12.80 
1.00 
5.57 
3.29 
2.38 
1.23 

54.4 

52}^ 

55.8 

36.9 

55K 

55  M 

65M 

54 

53.58 

5iy, 

52.3 

57.2 

57  K 

54.7 

52.7 

51.6 

55.8 

55.9 

56 

54.4 

56.5 

55.4 

54.4 

55.2 

55 

54.5 

55.7 

64.9 

54.7 

57.3 

46.68 
45.47 
43.41 
45.19 
40.30 
45.93 
56.90 
49.78 
65.25 
49.15 
43.33 
44.95 
41.88 
47.87 
29.99 
45.50 
48.76 
50.89 
51.1T 
51.91 
55.81 
48.07 
43  24 
66.69 
61.18 
48.59 
60.85 
45.18 
48.49 
42.95 

Average  annual  mean  for  thirty  years 55.9        50.30 

WEATHER  RECORD.-COLDEST  AND  HOTTEST  DAYS  FROM  1841  TO  1871. 


Coldest  Day. 
1841-42. ..Februaryl7.., 
1842-43. ..February  16.. 
1843^4. ..Janu.iry  29... 
1844^5. ..Decemberl9., 
1845^6. ..December  2... 
1846^7. ..January  11... 
1847^8. ..January  10..., 
1848^9. ..February  19.., 
1849-50. ..February  4..  , 
1850-51. ..January  31... 
1851-52...January  19..., 
1852-53. ..February  9.... 
1853-54. ..January  23.... 
1854-55. ..February  26.. 


lerature.  Hottest  Day. 

4°      ...September  11 

—3°      ...July  1 

^1°      ...August  20 , 

3°      ...July  15 

—10°      ...August  6 

—9°      ...July  19 

—6°      ...June  27 

-7°      ...August  22 

1°      ...July  6 

I  or  zero  ...July  27 

—11°      ...July  23 , 

— 8J<°...July  9 

— 1°      ...September3 

"      ...July  17 


1855-56. ..January  10 —22^°  ...July  17 

1856-57. ..January  19 —2ii4°  ...July  17 

1857-68. ..February  23 —10>i°  ...August  7... 

1858-59. ..January 8 —1°      ...July  14.  ... 

1859-60..  December  23 — 12K°  ...August  7... 

1860-61. ..December  31 11°      ...August3..., 

1861-62. ..February  15 0°      ...July  9 

1862-63. ..January  18 0°      ...August  15. 

1863-64. ..January  1 —20°      ...July  29 

1864-65. ..January  28 —6°      ...July  4 

1865-66. ..February  15 —3°      ...July  15 

1866-67. ..February  10 —11°      ...August  18. 

1867-68. ..January  30 4°      ...July  16 

1868-69. ..December  12 —1°      ...August  24. 

1869-70. ...February  21 2°      ...July  27 

1870-71. ..December  24.., —2°      ...August  14. 


CLIMATE   OF   KENTUCKY. 


399 


The  foresoins;  Tables  were  prepared  for  this  work  by  Lawrence  Younfr,  Esq., 
from  records  and  observations  kept  near  Louisville,  where  he  had  resided  since 
1828. 

The  following;  Table  embodies  the  results  of  observations  at  Jfarietta,  Ohio, 
a  point  fifty  miles  east  of  the  eastern  limit  of  Kentucky,  and  twenty  miles 
north  of  its  northern  limit  Those  up  to  1823  were  kept  by  Joseph  Wood, 
then  Resister  of  the  United  States  Land  Office,  and  those  afterward  by  Dr, 
S.  P.  Hiidreth.  In  the  fifth  and  sixth  columns  is  shown  the  greatest  degree 
of  cold  and  of  heat  experienced  in  each  of  the  years  from  1818  to  1846: 


TEAKS. 

Is 

II 
0 

U 
£3 

1 
B 

li 
{ 

£ 

1 
.2 

1 

1 

1 

jl 

1818 

1819 

"Ti 

68 
82 
66 

62 
68 
55 
55 
87 
61 
99 
78 
76 
75 
82 
107 
107 
78 
84 
85 
73 
67 
102 
78 

52 

61 
68 
61 
60 
54 

'"64 
96 
111 

84 
81 
91 
72 
70 
85 

100 
57 
81 
63 

102 
75 
73 

56 
89 
84 
79 
91 

38!22 
35.50 
32.78 
31.19 
29.10 

36;32 
32.25 
33.30 
42.97 
32.88 
36.57 
30.75 
29.30 
36.00 
35.83 
31.95 
29.84 
31.13 
30.42 
34.11 
33.27 
35..33 
36.66 
32.33 
.34.21 
36.60 
29  91 

74.00 
74.33 
73.70 
73.80 
75.90 

'Hm 
n'bi 

76.67 
72.06 
71.49 
72.88 
71.44 
69.31 
68.37 
72.42 
68.90 
71.66 
69.25 
74.23 
69.88 
70.78 
67.45 
67.28 
71.15 
70.97 
71.16 
71  05 

-22° 
13° 

—0° 
—20° 
—2° 
—7° 
14° 

—2° 
10° 
2° 

—5° 
—10° 
—9° 
6° 

—0° 
—15° 
—18° 
4° 
—10° 
—4° 

5° 

—0° 
—0° 
—2° 

99° 
90° 
90° 
90° 
86° 

94° 
94° 
95° 
95° 
94° 
92° 
94° 
90° 
92° 
95° 
95° 

88° 
89° 
96° 
92° 
90° 
94° 
90° 
92° 
90° 
92° 
92° 

55]  62 
53.68 
63.14 
64.87 

54!o0 
54.92 
65.22 
52.38 
54.93 
51.00 
52.42 
54.56 
52.40 
60.66 
60.03 
51.57 
50.62 
52.64 
52.35 
52.83 
52.18 
50.77 
53.25 
62.76 
63.64 

60.92 
36.30 

1821 

43.32 

1823 

1824 

1825 

50.00 

1827 

41  48 

1828 

1829 

49.50 
39  52 

1830  

37.26 

1832 

1833 

1834 

48.3.S 
40.37 
34.66 

1836 

36.09 

1838    .      ..           

35  48 

1840 

39  08 

1842 

1843 

42.80 

1844           

36  64 

1346 

46  27 

The  average  annual  rain-fall,  including  melted  snow,  at  Marietta,  for  the 
twenty-six  years  above,  was  forty-one  inches ;  while  for  the  seven  years  from 
1840  to  1846,  inclusive,  it  was  only  thirty-eight  inches. 

In  the  early  settlement  of  the  valley  of  the  Ohio,  the  weather  in  the  spring 
months  of  April  and  May  was  usually  mild  and  fine,  so  that  corn-planting 
was  generally  finished  by  the  Tth  of  April.  Of  later  years,  the  temperature 
of  those  months  has  changed,  so  that  severe  frosts  in  May  are  not  unfrequent. 
From  the  13th  to  the  18th  of  May,  1834,  there  were  hard  frosts  every  morn- 
ing. On  the  16th  of  June,  1774,  there  was  a  frost  at  Washington,  Pennsyl- 
vania, which  killed  the  leaves  on  the  forest  trees,  and  cut  down  the  corn, 
but  the  latter  sprang  up  again  so  as  to  make  a  crop.  Being  on  a  much  lower 
level,  this  frost  was  supposed  not  to  have  been  so  severe  in  Kentucky,  along 
the  Ohio.  On  the  5th  of  May,  1803,  there  was  a  fall  of  snow  over  Kentucky 
and  the  western  country  four  inches  deep,  followed  by  hard  frosts  on  two  or 


400  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   THE 

three  nii;lits.  The  sprinn;  had  been  quite  forward,  and  apples  were  as  large  as 
ounce  bullets;  but  all  the  fi-uits  were  killed.  As  a  general  rule,  very  early 
springs  are  more  liable  than  the  backward  springs  to  late  frosts. 

In  the  neighborhood  of  Marietta,  peach  trees  were  in  bloom,  in  1791  on 
the  last  of  February,  in  1806  on  the  liSth  of  February,  in  1808  on  the  28th 
of  February,  while  in  1837  ihe  bloom  was  retarded  to  the  28th  of  April,  and 
in  1843  to  the  25th  of  April.  Apples  did  not  bloom  until  the  oth  of  May,  in 
the  years  1837  and  1843.  The  most  usual  period  for  apples  to  bloom  was  in 
!March,  prior  to  about  1820,  and  for  the  next  twenty-tive  years,  as  late  as  the 
middle  of  April.  The  other  seasons  have  changed  as  notably  as  the  spring, 
throughout  Kentucky  and  along  the  Ohio  valley. 

The  years  1805,  1838,  1839,  1845,  and  1862  were  noted  for  excessive  drought. 
Hail  storms  are  most  common  in  May  and  June,  but  on  the  1st  of  July,  1841, 
Fayette  County,  Kentucky,  was  visited  by  a  hail  storm  which  broke  much 
glass  and  did  great  injury  to  vegetation  and  fruit.  Several  storms  still  more 
destructive  have  visited  other  portions  of  the  state,  but  we  have  not  the  dates. 

With  the  early  spring  zephyrs  of  the  south,  the  northerly  flights  of  birds 
begin  along  the  westerly  base  of  the  Cumberland  mountains,  and  up  the  valleys 
of  the  tributaries  of  the  Ohio.  Sometimes  their  journeys  are  begun  too  early — 
as  in  the  years  1816,  1834,  and  184.J,  when  thousands  of  birds  whose  food  is 
furnished  by  insects,  perished  by  the  sudden  change  of  the  temperature  from 
the  warmth  of  spring  to  the  frosts  of  winter.* 

We  have  briefly  noticed  the  effect  of  the  winter  storms  of  rain,  snow,  and 
cold  originating  in  the  West,  upon  the  climate  of  Kentucky,  and  will  conclude 
by  a  short  reference  to  those  sublime  and  awe-inspiring  phenomena,  the  tor- 
nado and  the  thunder  storm. 

These  phenomena  are  supposed  to  be  of  local  origin,  and  occur  most  fre- 
quently in  hot  weather,  and  are  more  common  and  more  terrific  in  tropical 
than  in  temperate  latitudes.  The  examples  which  we  witness  even  in  Ken- 
tucky are  often  fearful  to  experience,  though  it  is  seldom  they  are  attended 
with  loss  of  life. 

■  The  thunder  cloud  rises  to  great  height  in  the  atmosphere,  and  often  laps 
over  the  thinner  air  on  one  or  both  margins,  and  sends  this  portion  of  its  con- 
tents to  the  earth  through  cold  strata  in  the  form  of  hail.  Still  the  space 
hailed  upon  is  narrow  in  comparison  with  the  vridth  of  the  rain  cloud,  and 
but  slightly  affects  the  general  crop. 

The  tornado  is  the  highest  manifestation  of  the  irresistible  force  of  the 
raging  elements,  and,  even  in  Kentucky,  we  experience  enough  to  know  that 
only  the  most  substantial  of  structures  or  the  everlasting  hills  can  defy  its 
power.  It  is,  however,  a  source  of  consolation  to  know  that  its  visitations  in 
Kentucky  are  not  very  frequent,  that,  when  it  does  appear,  the  track  over 
which  it  passes  is  narrovr,  and  that  it  seldom,  if  ever,  travels  twice  over  the 
same  path.  The  late  Lawrence  Young — from  1823  to  1873  a  scientific, 
close  and  curious  oljserver,  at  his  country-home  near  Louisville  as  the  center 
of  an  area  five  miles  square- — wrote,  in  1872,  that  the  tornado  had  crossed 
that  area  only  three  times  since  1828;  first,  in  June,  about  the  year  1830,  one 
crossed  the  Ohio,  about  six  miles  above  Louisville,  moving  nearly  east.  Near 
the  river  it  struck  the  table-lands  between  North  and  South  Goose  ('reek,  a 
level  plateau  about  three  miles  long.  Here,  passing  over  several  farms  by  a 
path  some  200  feet  wide,  it  twisted  ofl"  or  uprooted  every  forest  or  orchard 
tree  in  its  way,  and  prostrated  every  fence,  until  it  reached  a  lane  at  the 
northern  edge  of  the  plateau ;  about  three  miles  distant  from  the  point  it 
struck  the  south  margin  of  the  plateau.  At  this  point  its  destructive  force 
ceased. 

About  ten  years  later  a  tornado  passed  from  the  south-east  across  this  same 
plateau  about  half  a  mile  east  of  the  point  at  which  the  first  gale  left  the 
plateau.  This  tornado  uprooted  the  sturdiest  denizens  in  a  beech  forest,  until 
coming  to  a  valley  in  the  plateau  densely  wooded  and  some  twenty  feet  lower 
than  the  plane,  the  thickness  of  the  leaves  and  small  branches,  and  the  elas- 
ticity of  the  trees  at  the  high  point  struck  by  the  gale,  seemed   to  force  the 

•  Hililiitli'8  Pioneer  Hiatory,  p.  495. 


CLIMATE   OF   KENTUCKY.  401 

current  above  the  forest,  and  no  further  damage  occurred,  through  the  forest 
was  half  a  mile  in  extent.  The  third  and  last  occurred  some  years  after  the 
second,  on  the  western  margin  of  the  area  designated,  and  meeting  with 
houses,  scattered  their  contents  for  miles. 


KENTUCKY  RESOLUTIONS  OF  1798  AND  1799. 


The  thirteen  original  States  that  formed  and  confirmed  the  Union,  by  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  are  as  follows,  with  the  order  and  dates  of  their 
ratification  of  the  Constitution  severally: 


8.  South  Carolina,  May  23,  1788. 

9.  New  Hampshire,  June  21,  178S 

10.  Virginia,  June  26,  1788. 

11.  New  York,  July  26,  1788. 

12.  North  Carolina,  Nov.  21,  1789. 

13.  Rhode  Island,  May  29,  1790. 


1.  Delaware,  December  7,  1787. 

2.  Pennsylvania,  December  12,  1787. 

3.  New  Jersey,  December  18,  1787. 

4.  Georgia,  January  2,  1788. 

5.  Connecticut,  January  9,  1788. 

6.  Massachusetts,  Februarv  6,  1788. 

7.  Maryland,  April  28,  1788. 
The  first  State  admitted  into  the  Union,  after  the  adoption  of  the  Federal 

Constitution,  was  Vermont,  on  March  4,  1791.  The  next,  Kentucky,  on  June 
1,  1792.  The  Constitution  of  Kentucky  had  been  adopted  in  May,  1792,  and 
was  never  submitted  to  Congress;  nor,  subsequent  to  its  formation,  did  Con- 
gress pass  any  act  recognizing  her  admission  into  the  Union.  Her  Senators, 
John  Brown  and  John  Edwards,  took  their  seats  in  the  Senate  without  any 
inquiry  as  to  what  character  of  constitution  Kentucky  had  formed. 

The  following  Resolutions — familiarly  known  to  every  student  of  the  polit- 
ical history  of  our  country,  as  the  "  Kentucky  Resolutions  of  1798  and  1799" 
— are  generally  understood  and  believed  to  have  been  originally  draughted  or 
rough-draughted  by  the  "Sage  of  Monticello,"  Thomas  Jefferson,*  and  by  him 
encTosed,  or  sent  by  private  hand,  to  his  friend  and  co-laborer,  John  Breckin- 
ridge, then  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Kentucky,  and  who 
offered  them  in  that  body.  The  relatives  of  Mr.  Breckinridge  f  indignantly 
resented  this  claim  or  suggestion  that  Mr.  Jefferson  was  in  any  sense  the 
author  of  those  resolutions.  They  are  still  very  interesting  from  their  histor- 
ical connection  and  import,  notwithstanding  the  unmistakable  fact  that  the 
late  civil  war,  as  one  of  its  potent  results,  has  deprived  them  very  largely  of 
their  time-honored  consequence,  and  their  ready-made  value  on  political 
convention  days. 

The  Resolutions  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Kentucky,  on  the 
10th  of  November,  1798,  almost  unanimously.  To  the  1st  resolution  there 
was  only  one  opposing  vote ;  to  the  2d,  3d,  4th,  5th,  6th,  7th,  and  8th  resolu- 
lutions,  two;  and  to  the  9th,  three  votes  opposing.  Three  days  after,  the 
Resolutions  passed  the  Senate  unanimously. 

1.  liesolved,  That  the  several  States  composing  the  United  States  of  America, 
are  not  united  on  the  principle  of  unlimited  submission  to  their  General 
Government;  but  that  by  compact  under  the  style  and  title  of  a  Constitution 
for  the  United  States,  and  of  amendments  thereto,  they  constituted  a  General 
Government  for  special  purposes,  delegated  to  that  Government  certain  definite 
powers,  reserving  each  State  to  itself,  the  residuary  mass  of  right  to  their  own 
selfgovernment;  and  that  whensoever  the  General  Government  assumes  un- 
delegated powers,  its  acts  are  unauthorative,  void,  and  of  no  force;  That  to 
this  compact  each  State  acceded  as  a  State,  and  is  an  integral  party,  its  Co- 
States  forming  as  to  itself  the  other  party;  That  the  Government  created  by 
this  compact  was  not  made  the  exclusive  or  &aa.l  judge  of  the  extent  of  the 
powers  delegated  to  itself:  since  that  would  have  made  its  discretion,  and  not 

•See Outline  History, 
tSee  page  99,  Tol.  ii,  wr 

I. ..26 


402  RESOLUTIONS  OF  1798. 

the  Constitution,  the  measure  of  its  powers;  but  that,  as  in  all  other  cases 
of  compact  among  parties  having  no  common  judge,  each  party  has  an  equal 
right  to  judge  for  itself,  as  well  of  infractions,  as  of  the  mode  and  measure 
of  redress. 

2.  Resolved,  That  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  having  delegated  to 
Congress  a  power  to  punish  treason,  counterfeiting  the  securities  and  current 
coin  of  the  United  States,  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas, 
and  offenses  against  the  laws  of  nations,  and  no  other  crimes  whatever,  and  it 
being  true  as  a  general  principle,  and  one  of  the  amendments  to  the  Consti- 
tution having  also  declared,  "that  the  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United 
States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  States,  are  reserved  to 
the  States  respectively,  or  to  the  people;  "  therefore  also  the  same  act  of  Con- 
gress, passed  on  the  14th  day  of  July,  1798,  and  entitled  "an  act,  in  addition 
to  the  act  entitled  an  act,  for  the  punishment  of  certain  crimes  against  the 
United  States ;  "  as  also  the  act  passed  by  them  on  the  27th  day  of  June,  1798, 
entitled  "an  act  to  punish  frauds  committed  on  the  Bank  of  the  United 
States"  (and  all  other  their  acts  which  assume  to  create,  define,  or  punish 
crimes  other  than  those  enumerated  in  the  Constitution),  are  altogether  void 
and  of  no  force,  and  that  the  power  to  create,  define,  and  punish  such  other 
crimes  is  reserved,  and  of  right,  appertains  solely  and  exclusively  to  the  re- 
spective States,  each  within  its  own  territory. 

3.  Resolved,  That  it  is  true  as  a  general  principle,  and  is  also  expressly  de- 
clared by  one  of  the  amendments  to  the  Constitution,  that  "the  powers  not 
delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the 
States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the  people;  and  that  no 
power  over  the  freedom  of  religion,  freedom  of  speech,  or  freedom  of  the 
press,  being  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited 
by  it  to  the  States,  all  lawful  powers  respecting  the  same  did  of  right  remain, 
and  were  reserved  to  the  States,  or  to  the  people  ;  "  That  thus  was  manifested 
their  determination  to  retain  to  themselves  the  right  of  judging  how  far  the 
licentiousness  of  speech  and  of  the  press  may  be  abridged  without  lessening 
their  useful  freedom,  and  how  far  those  abuses  which  can  not  be  separated 
from  their  use  should  be  tolerated  rather  than  the  use  be  destroyed :  and  thus 
also  they  guarded  against  all  abridgment  by  the  United  States  of  the  freedom 
of  religious  opinions  and  exercises,  and  retained  to  themselves  the  right  of 
protecting  the  same,  as  this  State  by  a  law  passed  on  the  general  demand  of 
its  citizens,  had  already  protected  them  from  all  human  restraints  or  inter- 
ference :  And  that  in  addition  to  this  general  principle  and  express  declaration, 
another  and  more  special  provision  has  been  made  by  one  of  the  amendments 
to  the  Constitution,  which  expressly  declares  that  "  Congi-ess  shall  make  no 
law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise 
thereof,  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech  or  of  the  press,"  thereby  guard- 
ing in  the  same  sentence,  and  under  the  same  words,  the  freedom  of  religion, 
of  speech,  and  of  the  press,  insomuch,  that  whatever  violates  either,  throws 
down  the  sanctuary  which  covers  the  others,  and  that  libels,  falsehoods,  and 
defamation,  equally  with  heresy  and  false  religion,  are  withheld  from  the 
cognizance  of  Federal  tribunals :  That  therefore  the  act  of  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States,  passed  on  the  14th  day  of  July,  1798,  entitled  "  an  act  in 
addition  to  the  act  for  the  punishment  of  certain  crimes  against  the  United 
States,"  which  does  abridge  the  freedom  of  the  press,  is  not  law,  but  is  alto- 
gether void  and  of  no  effect 

4.  Resolved,  That  alien  friends  are  under  the  jurisdiction  and  protection 
of  the  laws  of  the  State  wherein  they  are;  that  no  power  over  them  has  been 
delegated  to  the  United  States,  nor  prohibited  to  the  individual  States  distinct 
from  their  power  over  citizens;  and  it  being  true  as  a  general  principle,  and 
one  of  the  amendments  to  the  Constitution  having  also  declared,  that  "  the 
powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited 
by  it  to  the  States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively  or  to  the  people,"  the 
act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  passed  on  the  22d  day  of  June,  1798, 
entitled  "  an  act  concerning  aliens,"  which  assumes  power  over  alien  friends 
not  delegated  by  the  Constitution,  is  not  law,  but  is  altogether  void  and  of  no 
force. 


KESOLUTIONS  OF  1798.  ^        403 

5.  Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  tlie  general  principle  as  well  as  the  express 
declaration,  that  powers  not  delegated  are  reserved,  another  and  more  special 
provision  inserted  in  the  Constitution  from  abundant  caution  has  declared, 
"  that  the  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the  States  now 
existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress 
prior  to  the  year  18US:  That  this  Commonwealth  does  admit  the  migration 
of  alien  friends  described  as  the  subject  of  the  said  act  concerning  aliens; 
that  a  provision  against  prohibiting  their  migration,  is  a  provision  against  all 
acts  equivalent  thereto,  or  it  would  be  nugatory;  that  to  remove  them  when 
migrated,  is  equivalent  to  a  prohibition  of  their  migration,  and  is  therefore 
contrary  to  the  said  provision  of  the  Constitution,  and  void. 

6.  Resolved,  That  the  imprisonment  of  a  person  under  the  protection  of  the 
laws  of  this  Commonwealth  on  his  failure  to  obey  the  simple  order  of  the 
President,  to  depart  out  of  the  United  States,  as  is  undertaken  by  the  said  act, 
entitled  "an  act  concerning  aliens,"  is  contrary  to  the  Constitution;  one 
amendment  to  which  has  provided,  that  "  no  person  shall  be  deprived  of  liberty 
without  due  process  of  law,"  and  that  another  having  provided,  "that  in  all 
criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  public  trial  by  an 
impartial  jury,  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation,  to  be 
confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him,  to  have  compulsory  process  for 
obtaining  witnesses  in  his  fiivor,  and  to  have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for 
his  defense,"  the  same  act  undertaking  to  authorize  the  President  to  re- 
move a  person  out  of  the  United  States  who  is  under  the  protection  of  the 
law,  on  his  own  suspicion,  without  accusation,  without  jury,  without  public 
trial,  witliout  confrontation  of  the  witnesses  agiiinst  him,  without  having  wit- 
nesses in  his  fiivor,  without  defense,  without  counsel,  is  contrary  to  these 
provisions  also  of  the  Constitution,  is  therefore  not  law,  but  utterly  void  and 
of  no  force. 

That  transferring  the  power  of  judging  any  person  who  is  under  the  protec- 
tion of  the  laws,  from  tlie  Courts  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  as 
is  undertaken  by  the  same  act,  concerning  aliens,  is  against  the  article  of 
the  Constitution,  which  provides,  that  "the  judicial  power  of  the  United 
States  shall  be  vested  in  the  Courts,  the  Judges  of  which  shall  hold  their 
offices  during  good  behavior,"  and  that  the  said  act  is  void  for  that  reason 
also ;  and  it  is  further  to  be  noted,  that  this  transfer  of  Judiciary  power  is  to 
that ,  magistrate  of  the  General  Government  who  already  possesses  all  the 
Executive,  and  a  qualified  negative  in  all  the  Legislative  powers. 

7.  Resolved,  That  the  construction  applied  by  the  General  Government  (as 
is  evinced  by  sundry  of  their  proceedings),  to  those  parts  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  which  delegate  to  Congress  power  to  lay  and  collect  taxes, 
duties,  imposts,  and  excises;  to  pay. the  debts,  and  provide  for  the  common 
defense  and  general  welfare  of  the  United  States,  and  to  make  all  laws  which 
shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying  into  execution  the  powers  vested 
by  the  Constitution  in  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  any  department 
thereof,  goes  to  the  destruction  of  all  the  limits  prescribed  to  their  power  by 
the  Constitution ;  that  words  meant  by  that  instrument  to  be  subsidiary  only 
to  the  execution  of  the  limited  powers,  ought  not  to  be  so  construed  as  them- 
selves to  give  unlimited  powers,  nor  a  part  so  to  be  taken,  as  to  destroy  the 
whole  residue  of  the  instrument;  that  the  proceedings  of  the  General  Govern- 
ment under  color  of  these  articles,  will  be  a  fit  and  necessary  subject  for 
revisal  and  correction  at  a  time  of  greater  tranquillity,  while  those  specified 
in  the  preceding  resolutions  call  for  immediate  redress. 

8.  Resolved,  That  the  preceding  resolutions  be  transmitted  to  the  Senators 
and  Representatives  in  Congress  from  this  Commonwealth,  who  are  hereby 
enjoined  to  present  the  same  to  their  respective  Houses,  and  to  use  their  best 
endeavors  to  procure,  at  the  next  session  of  Congress,  a  repeal  of  the  afore- 
said unconstitutional  and  obnoxious  acts. 


9.  Resolved, ^  lastly.  That  the  Governor  of  this  Commonwealth  be,  and  is 
hereby  authorized  and  requested  to  communicate  the  preceding  resolutions  to 
the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States,  to  assure  them  that  this  Commonwealth 
considers  Union  for  specified  National  purposes,  and  particularly  for  those 
specified  in  their  late  Federal  Compact,  to  be  friendly  to  the  peace,  happiness, 


404  RESOLUTIONS   OF  1798. 

and  prosperity  of  all  the  States :  that  faithful  to  that  Compact,  according  to 
the  plain  intent  and  meaning  in  which  it  was  understood  and  acceded  to  by 
the  several  parties,  it  is  sincerely  anxious  for  its  preservation ;  that  it  does 
also  believe,  that  to  take  from  the  States  all  the  powers  of  self-Government, 
and  transfer  them  to  a  general  and  consolidated  Government,  without  regard 
to  the  special  delegations  and  reservations  solemnly  agreed  to  in  that  Compact, 
is  not  for  the  peace,  happiness,  or  prosperity  of  these  States :  and  that  there- 
fore, this  Commonwealth  is  determined,  as  it  doubts  not  its  Co-States  are, 
tamely  to  submit  to  undelegated  and  consequently  unlimited  powers  in  no 
man  or  body  of  men  on  earth;  that  if  the  acts  before  specified  should  stand, 
these  conclusions  would  flow  from  them:  that  the  General  Government  may 
place  any  act  they  think  proper  on  the  list  of  crimes,  and  punish  it  themselves, 
whether  enumerated  or  not  enumerated  by  the  Constitution,  as  recognizable 
by  them;  that  they  may  transfer  its  cognizance  to  the  President  or  any  other 
person,  who  may  himself  be  the  accuser,  counsel,  judge  and  jury,  whose 
suspicions  may  be  the  evidence,  his  order  the  sentence,  his  oiBcer  the  execu- 
tioner, and  his  breast  the  sole  record  of  the  transaction ;  That  a  very  numer- 
ous and  valuable  description  of  the  inhabitants  of  these  States,  being  by  this 
precedent  reduced  as  outlaws  to  the  absolute  dominion  of  one  man,  and  the 
barriers  of  the  Constitution  thus  swept  away  from  us  all,  no  rampart  now 
remains  against  the  passions  and  the  power  of  a  majority  of  Congress,  to 
protect  from  a  like  exportation  or  other  more  grievous  punishment  the 
minority  of  the  same  body,  the  Legislatures,  Judges,  Governors,  and  Counsel- 
lors of  the  States,  nor  their  other  peaceable  inhabitants  who  may  venture  to 
reclaim  the  constitutional  rights  and  liberties  of  the  States  and  people,  or 
who  for  other  causes,  good  or  bad,  may  be  obnoxious  to  the  views,  or  marked 
by  the  suspicions  of  the  President,  or  be  thought  dangerous  to  his  or  their  elec- 
tions, or  other  interests  public  or  personal :  That  the  friendless  alien  has  in- 
deed been  selected  as  the  safest  subject  of  a  first  experiment;  but  the  citizen 
will  soon  follow,  or  rather  has  already  followed ;  for,  already  has  a  Sedition 
Act  marked  him  as  its  prey:  that  these  and  successive  acts  of  the  same 
character,  unless  arrested  on  the  threshold,  may  tend  to  drive  these  States  in- 
to revolution  and  blood,  and  will  furnish  new  calumnies  against  Republican 
Governments,  and  new  pretexts  for  those  who  wish  it  to  be  believed,  that 
man  can  not  be  governed  but  by  a  rod  of  iron ;  that  it  would  be  a  dangerous 
delusion,  were  a  confidence  in  the  men  of  our  choice,  to  silence  our  fears  for 
the  safety  of  our  rights:  that  confidence  is  every-where  the  parent  of  des- 
potism: free  government  is  founded  in  jealousy  and  not  in  confidence:  it  is 
jealousy  and  not  confidence  which  prescribes  limited  Constitutions  to  bind 
down  those  whom  we  are  obliged  to  trust  with  power:  that  our  Constitution 
has  accordingly  fixed  the  limits  to  which  and  no  further  our  confidence  may 
go;  and  let  "the  honest  advocate  of  confidence  read  the  Alien  and  Sedition 
Acts,  and  say  if  the  Constitution  has  not  been  wise  in  fixing  limits  to  the 
Government  it  created,  and  whether  we  should  be  wise  in  destroying  those 
limits  ?  Let  him  say  what  the  Government  is  if  it  be  not  a  tyranny,  which 
the  men  of  our  choice  have  conferred  on  the  President,  and  the  President 
of  our  choice  has  assented  to  and  accepted  over  the  friendly  strangers,  to 
whom  the  mild  spirit  of  our  country  and  its  laws  had  pledged  hospitality  and 
protection:  that  the  men  of  our  choice  have  more  respected  the  bare  sus- 
picions of  the  President,  than  the  solid  rights  of  innocence,  the  claims  of 
justification,  the  sacred  force  of  truth,  and  the  form  and  substance  of  law 
and  justice.  In  questions  of  power,  then,  let  no  more  be  heard  of  confidence 
in  man,,  but  bind  him  down  from  mischief,  by  the  chains  of  the  Constitution. 
That  this  ('ommonwealth  does,  therefore,  call  on  its  Co-States  for  an  expres- 
sion of  their  sentiments  on  the  acts  concerning  Aliens,  and  for  the  punish- 
ment of  certain ,  crimss  herein  before  specified,  plainly  declaring  whether 
these  acts  are  or  are  not  authorized  by  the  Federal  Compact?  And  it  doubts 
not  that  their  sense  will  i  be  so  announced,  as  to  prove  their  attachment  un- 
altered to  limited  government,  whether  general  or  particular,  and  that  the 
rights  and  liberties  of  their  Co-States,  will  be  exposed  to  no  danger  by 
remaining  embarked  on  a  common  bottom  with  their  own :  That  they  will 
concur  with  this  Commonwealth  in  considering  the  said  acts  as  so  palpable 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  1798.  405 

against  the  Constitution,  as  to  amount  to  an  undisguised  declaration,  that  the 
Compact  is  not  meant  to  be  the  measure  of  the  powers  of  the  General 
Government,  but  that  it  will  proceed  in  the  exercise  over  these  States  of  all 
powers  whatsoever:  That  they  will  view  this  as  seizino;  the  rights  of  the 
States,  and  consolidating  them  in  the  hands  of  the  General  Government  with 
a  power  assumed  to  bind  the  States  (not  merely  in  cases  made  Federal),  but 
in  all  cases  whatsoever,  by  laws  made,  not  with  their  consent,  but  by  others 
against  their  consent:  That  this  would  be  to  surrender  the  form  of  Govern- 
ment we  have  chosen,  and  to  live  under  one  deriving  its  power  from  its  own 
will,  and  not  from  our  authority:  and  that  the  Co-States  recurring  to  their 
natural  right  in  cases  not  made  Federal,  will  concur  in  declaring  these  acts 
void  and  of  no  force,  and  will  each  unite  with  this  Commonwealth  in  requestr 
ing  their  repeal  at  the  next  session  of  Congress. 

Edmund  Bdlloce,  Speaker  of  Home  of  Representatives. 
John  Campbell,  Speaker  nf  the  Senate,  pro  tern. 
Passed  the  House  of  Representatives,  Nov.  10th,  1798. 

Attest :         Thom.4S  Todd,  Clerk  of  House  of  Bepresentatives. 
In  Senate,  November  13th,  1798,  unanimously  concurred  in. 

Attest:         B.  Thkuston,  Clerk  of  Senate. 
Approved,  November  16th,  1798. 

James  Garrard,  Governor  of  Kentucky. 
By  the  Governor. 

Harrv  Toclmin,  Secretary  of  State. 

Similar  resolutions,  draughted  by  James  Madison,  and  familiarly  known  as 
the  "  Virginia  Resolutions  of  1798,"  were  adopted  by  the  Legislature  of  that 
State,  on  the  21st  of  December,  1798,  and  likewise  directed  to  be  forwarded 
by  the  Governor  to  the  Legislatures  of  other  States,  for  consideration.  Dis- 
senting and  condemnatory  views  were  adopted  in  resolutions  passed  by  Dela- 
ware, on  February  1st,  1799;  by  the  State  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantation,  in  the  same  month;  by  Massachusetts,  on  February  13th;  by 
New  York,  on  March  5th;  by  Connecticut,  on  the  2nd  Thursday  of  May;  by 
New  Hampshire,  on  the  14th  of  June :  and  by  Vermont,  on  the  30th  of  Octo- 
ber, ensuing. 

On  Thursday,  Nov.  14th,  1799,  the  Kentucky  House  of  Representatives, 
Mr.  Desha  in  the  chair,  having  had  under  consideration  the  resolutions  of 
the  several  State  Legislatures,  above  referred  to,  on  the  subject  of  the  Alien 
and  Sedition  Laws,  unanimously  adopted  the  following,  which  the  Senate,  on 
the  22d,  concurred  in : 

The  representatives  of  the  good  people  of  this  Commonwealth  in  general 
assembly  convened,  having  maturely  considered  the  answers  of  sundry  States 
in  the  Union,  to  their  resolutions  passed  at  the  last  session,  respecting  certain 
unconstitutional  laws  of  Congress,  commonly  called  the  Alien  and  Sedition 
Laws,  would  be  faithless  indeed  to  themselves,  and  to  those  they  represent, 
were  they  silently  to  acquiesce  in  the  principles  and  doctrines  attempted  to 
be  maintained  in  all  those  answers,  that  of  Virginia  only  excepted.  To  again 
enter  the  field  of  argument,  and  attempt  more  fully  or  forcibly  to  expose  the 
unconstitutionality  of  tliose  obnoxious  laws,  would,  it  is  apprehended,  be  as 
unnecessary  as  unavailing.  We  can  not  however  but  lament,  that  in  the 
discussion  of  those  interesting  subjects,  by  sundry  of  the  Legislatures  of  our 
sister  States,  unfounded  suggestions,  and  uncandid  insinuations,  derogatory  of 
the  true  character  and  principles  of  the  good  people  of  this  Commonwealth, 
have  been  substituted  in  place  of  fair  reasoning  and  sound  argument.  Our 
opinions  of  these  alarming  measures  of  the  General  Government,  together 
with  our  reasons  for  tho.se  opinions,  were  detailed  with  decency  and  with 
temper,  and  submitted  to  the  discussion  and  judgment  of  our  fellow  citizens 
throughout  the  Union.  Whether  the  like  decency  and  temper  have  been 
observed  in  the  answers  of  most  of  those  States  who  have  denied  or  attempted 
to  obviate  the  great  truths  contained  in  those  resolutions,  we  have  now  only 
to  submit  to  a  candid  world.  Faithful  to  the  true  principles  of  the  Federal 
Union,  unconscious  of  any  designs  to  disturb  the  harmony  of  that  Union,  and 
anxious  only  to  escape  the  fangs  of  despotism,  the  good  people  of  this  Com- 


406  RESOLUTIONS  OF  1798. 

momvealth  are  regardless  of  censure  or  calumniation.  Least,  however,  the 
silence  of  this  Commonwealth  should  be  construed  into  an  acquiescence  in 
the  doctrines  and  principles  advanced  and  attempted  to  be  maintained  by  the 
said  answers,  or  least  those  of  our  fellow-citizens  throughout  the  Union,  who 
so  widely  differ  from  us  on  those  important  subjects,  should  be  deluded  by  the 
expectation  that  we  shall  be  deterred  from  what  we  conceive  our  duty,  or 
shrink  from  the  principles  contained  in  those  resolutions;  therefore, 

Mesolved,  That  this  Commonwealth  considers  the  Federal  Union  upon  the 
terms  and  for  the  purposes  specified  in  the  late  compact,  as  conducive  to  the 
liberty  and  happiness  of  the  several  States ;  that  it  does  now  unequivocally  de- 
clare its  attachment  to  the  Union,  and  to  that  compact,  agreeably  to  its  obvi- 
ous and  real  intention,  and  will  be  among  the  last  to  seek  its  dissolution ;  that 
if  those  who  administer  the  General  Government  be  permitted  to  transgress 
the  limits  fixed  by  that  compact,  by  a  totixl  disregard  to  the  special  delegations 
of  power  therein  contained,  an  annihilation  of  the  State  Governments,  and  the 
erection  upon  their  ruins  of  a  general  consolidated  government,  will  be  the 
inevitable  consequence ;  that  the  principle  and  construction  contended  for  by 
sundry  of  the  State  Legislatures — that  the  General  Government  is  the  exclusive 
judge  of  the  extent  of  the  powers  delegated  to  it — stop  nothing  short  of  des- 
potism ;  since  the  discretion  of  those  who  administer  the  government,  and  not 
th,e  Constitution,  vrould  be  the  measure  of  their  powers.  That  the  several  States 
who  formed  that  instrument,  being  sovereign  and  independent,  have  the  un- 
questionable right  to  judge  of  its  infraction,  and  that  a  nullification  by  those 
sovereignties,  of  all  unauthorized  acts  done  under  color  of  that  instrument,  is 
the  rightful  remedy:  that  this  Commonwealth  does,  upon  the  most  deliberate 
reconsideration  declare,  that  the  said  Alien  and  Sedition  laws  are,  in  their 
opinion,  palpable  violations  of  the  said  Constitution  ;  and  however  cheerfully 
it  may  be  disposed  to  surrender  its  opinion  to  a  majority  of  its  sister  States  in 
matters  of  ordinary  or  doubtful  policy;  yet  in  momentous  regulations  like  the 
present,  which  so  vitally  wound  the  best  rights  of  the  citizen,  it  would  consider 
a  silent  acquiescence  as  highly  criminal:  that  although  this  Commonwealth, 
as  a  party  to  the  federal  compact,  will  bow  to  the  laws  of  the  Union,  yet  it 
does  at  the  same  time  declare,  that  it  will  not  now,  nor  ever  hereafter,  cease  to 
oppose  in  a  constitutional  manner,  every  attempt,  from  what  quarter  soever 
offered,  to  violate  that  compact.  And,  finally,  in  order  that  no  pretexts  or 
arguments  may  be  drawn  from  a  supposed  acquiescence  on  the  part  of  this 
Commonwealth  in  the  constitutionality  of  those  laws,  and  be  thereby  used  as 
precedents  for  similar  future  violations  of  the  federal  compact;  this  Common- 
wealth does  now  enter  against  them  its  SOLEMN  PROTEST. 

Attest:  THOMAS  TODD,  Clerk  House  Bepresentatives. 

In  Senate,  Nov.  22,  1799,     Read  and  concurred  ia 

Attest :  BUCKNER  THRUSTON,  Clerh  Senate. 


FRANKLIN  COUNTY. 


Volume  II.     The  following  is  ad- 


Properiy-Holders  of  Frankfort  in  June,  1797. — From  the  original  list  of 
tiixable  property — prepared  by  special  "  commissioners,"  John  Jamison  and 
Henry  Gulliam — the  following  names  are  taken.  The  tax  levy  was  2s.  4d. 
for  every  £100  valuation  of  property  (nearly  39  cents  on  each  S333^,  or  at 
the  rate  of  llj  cents  on  each  §100).  The  unimproved  town-lots  were  assessed 
at  from  $25  to  $264  each.  Daniel  Weisiger  and  Thomas  Tunstall  were  each 
taxed  upon  a  billiard  table.  Eight  retail  stores  were  taxed — kept  by  Thos. 
Todd  &  Co.,  Baker  Ewing,  Elijah  and  Joseph  Craig,  John  Waifit,  P.  Cald- 
well, Longstreth,  Daniel  Gano,  and  Samuel  M.  Brown.  Harry  Toulmin 
(then  secretary  of  state).  Gov.  James  Garrard,  and  Geo.  Rowling,  each  in- 
dulged in  the  luxury  of  a  carriage,  and  paid  tax  upon  it.  The  only  wagons 
listed  belonged  to  Gov.  Garrard,  John  Logan  (then  state  treasurer),  Daniel 
Weisiger,  Thomas  Tunstall,  Thomas  Todd,  and  George  Madison.  The  popu- 
lation of  the  town  was  ascertained  to  be  441 — of  whom  90  were  white  tith- 
ables,  and  112  were  negroes.     There  were  78  horses  taxed. 

Over  76  years  have  passed,  and  not  one  of  all  this  list  of  names  is  now 
(Nov.,  1873}  living.  Elisha  Applegate,  then  a  resident  of  Jefferson  county, 
now  of  the  city  of  Louisville — a  relative  of  Daniel  Applegate,  is  living,  aged 
92.  Two  daughters  of  Gov.  Garrard — Mrs.  Thos.  W.  Hawkins  and  Mrs. 
Gen.  Peter  Dudley,  aged  86  and  82  respectively,  are  living ;  they  were  chil- 
dren in  Frankfort  in  1797,  aged  10  and  6,  and  Mrs.  Dudley  is  still  a  citizen. 
There  are  citizens  of  Frankfort  older  than  Mrs.  Dudley,  but  they  were  not 
residents  in  1797. 


\V.  Adams, 

James  Connor, 

John  McDowell, 

Jonathan  D.  Smith, 

E.  Anderson, 

Rev.  Elijah  Craig, 

Hugh  McGary, 

Achilles  Sneed, 

John  Bacon, 

Baker  Ewing, 

0.  McGrew, 

John  Talbot, 

C.  Bell, 

Daniel  Gano, 

George  Madison, 

William  Tinsley, 

Othu  Beatty, 

J.  E.  Gano, 

William  Murray, 

Thomas  Todd, 

James  Blair, 

Richard  M.  Gano, 

Benjamin  Mushon, 

Rev.  Harry  Toulmin, 

James  Blanton, 

Gov.  James  -Jarrard 

,  D.  Newberry, 

William  Trigg, 

Wm.  Blanton, 

Henry  Gulliam, 

George  Poindexter, 

Thomas  TunsUlI, 

John  Brown, 
Samuel  M.  Brown, 

James  Hawthorn, 

G.  Rowling, 

W.  J.  Tunstall, 

J.  Hatton, 

James  Rayborn 

C.  Voorhees, 

James  Burns, 

Paschal  Hickman, 

John  Rennick, 

Peter  G.  Voorhees, 

John  Burns, 

Thomas  Hickman, 

A.  Richardson, 

John  Wafflt, 

P.  Caldwell, 

Ambrose  Jeffreys, 

J.  Richardson, 

George  Walsh, 

C.  Cammack, 

Nicholas  Lafon, 

James  Roberts, 

Daniel  Weisiger. 

John  Campbell, 

Willis  Lee, 

R.  Samuel, 

J.  Castleman, 

Giles  Letcher, 

John  M.  Scott, 

John  Colston, 

John  Logan, 

George  Sexton, 

The  following, 

taxed  as  property-holders,  were  non-residents.    Gen.  James 

Wilkinson  had  been  a  resident,  some  _ 

1  years  before.     Hon.  James  Brown  then 

lived  at  Harrodsburg,  but  afterwards  removed  to  Frankfort. 

Daniel  Applegate 

Johnson  Craig, 

James  Hughes, 

M.  Satterwhite, 

William  Beaver, 

Rev.  Joseph  Craig, 

Daniel  James, 

John  Smith, 

Adam  Beatty, 

Haden  Edwards, 

Thomas  Love, 

William  Steele, 

Thomas  Bodley, 

William  Emmons, 

A.  McGregor, 

Gen.  Jas.  Wilkinson, 

James  Brown, 

Nathaniel  Hart, 

Benjamin  Price, 

EdwardWorthington, 

R.  Caldwell, 

Andrew  Holmes, 

A.  Saltsman, 

John  Younger. 

The  Original  Town-Plat  of  Frankfort  was  not  recorded  until  Dec,  1802; 
but  then,  with  the  "  several  additions  "  theretofore  made,  it  was,  by  an  act 
of  the  legislature,  ordered  of  record  "  in  some  fit  court  of  record." 

The  Extent  of  the  Coal  Trade  of  the  Kentucky  River,  in  1805,  is  thus  pre- 
served, in  an  advertisement,  in  the  Frankfort  Palladium,  of  Dec,  1805,  from 
one  of  the  most  intelligent  and  enterprising  merchants  of  Lexington,  the  late 

(407) 


408  FRANKLIN  COUNTY. 

Wm.  Leavy.  He  offered  for  sale  18,000  acres  of  land  "  on  the  left  hand  side 
of  the  Three  Forks  as  you  go  up  the  Kentucky,  and  at  their  junction  ;  run- 
ning; along  the  river  three  miles,  and  nine  miles  hack.  The  bottoms  are 
rich  land;  the  ridges  are  c.ipable  of  producing  wheat  and  other  small  grain. 
The  pasturage  is  excellent  for  raising  stock  of  all  kinds,  as  it  has  plenty  of 
cane  brakes  and  pea  vines.  All  along  the  river  is  the  sugar  tree,  wild  cherry, 
and  other  woods  common  to  this  country.  When  you  go  back  some  distance 
is  the  pine — which  produces  tar,  tui-pentine,  pitch,  and  rosin ;  which  will 
finally  be  valuable,  independent  of  the  wood  that  is  upon  the  land. 

"  There  is  also  a  rock  close  to  the  low  water  mark,  that,  when  the  water  is 
very  low,  shows  clear  salt  upon  its  surface,  and  the  rock  itself  tastes  salt. 
There  has  been  three  water  witches  {as  they  call  them)  trying  the  experi- 
ment; they  say,  there  is  four  feet  square  of  very  salt  water  at  the  top  of  the 
bank,  which  is  not  a  hundred  feet  from  the  water;  and  close  to  it  a  very 
easy  ascending  hill,  for  several  miles  ;  and  also  the  wood  along  the  river. 

"A  coal  bank  is  within  three  hundred  yards.  There  are  also  five  valu- 
able coal  banks  near  the  river,  with  easy  access  to  them.  Also,  a  coal  yard 
and  boat  yard  ;  and,  it  is  said,  several  saltpetre  caves.  TKe  bottoms  and 
along  the  creek,  would  produce  good  cotton  and  hemp.  Lexington  alone, 
independent  of  the  country  blacksmiths,  consumes  thirteen  thousand  (13,000) 
bushels  per  annum,  and  we  will  suppose  Frankfort  uses  five  thousand  (5,000) 
bushels,  which  sells  at  the  landing  at  one  shilling  per  bushel ;  twenty  thou- 
sand (20,000)  bushels  miglit  be  sold ;  this  might  be  made  productive  by  a 
man  of  small  capital. 

"  Independent  of  these  advantages,  the  mouth  of  the  three  forks  is  the  best 
fishing  place  in  the  state.  In  a  small  crib  they  can  get  five  hundred  pounds 
of  fish  in  a  day,  and  may  get,  by  a  seine,  five  or  seven  hundred  barrels  per 
annum. 

"  Tobacco,  flour,  beef,  pork,  tallow,  hog's  lard,  hemp,  cordage,  whisky,  or 
cast  iron  will  be  taken  in  payment  for  the  land." 

G.en.  GnoROE  B.  Crittenden,  eldest  son  of  Hon.  John  J.  Crittenden,  was  a 
major  general  in  the  Confederate  army.  He  graduated  at  West  Point  acad- 
emy in  1832,  and  was  appointed  brevet  2d  lieutenant  in  the  4th  U.  S.  infantry, 
but  resigned  in  1833  ;  re-entered  the  army  in  1846  as  captain  in  the  mounted 
rifles.  Was  hrevetted  major  for  gallantry  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and 
Cherubusco,  Mexico,  in  1847;  made  full  major  in  1848,  and  promoted  lieu- 
tenant colanel  in  1856.  He  resigned  in  1861,  entered  the  service  ofi  the 
Confederate  States,  and  was  appointed  major  general.  After  the  death  of 
Gen.  Zollicoffer  at  the  battle  of  Mill  Springs,  Ky.,  on  Jan.  19,  1862,  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  command,  and  made  a  successful  retreat  with  his  broken 
forces.  His  operations  thereafter  were  in  southwest  Virginia,  near  the  Ken- 
tucky line.  Gten.  Crittenden  was  considered  a  superior  officer,  and  was  noted 
for  the  courage  characteristic  of  his  race.  Soon  after  the  civil  war,  he  was 
elected  by  the  legislature  state  librarian,  which  office  by  repeated  re-elections 
he  continued  to  hold  until  Jan.,  1874. 

Gen.  Thomas  Leonidas  Crittenden,  second  son  of  Hon.  John  J.  Crittenden, 
was  born  in  Russellville,  Ky.,  in  1819 ;  was  a  lawyer  by  protession,  having 
studied  with  his  father ;  served  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  was  a  volunteer  aid 
of  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor  at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  where  he  was  highly 
distinguished  for  gallantry.  On  the  accession  of  Gen.  Taylor  to  the  Presi- 
dency in  1849,  he  received  the  appointment  of  consul  to  Liverpool,  England. 
On  his  return  to  Kentucky,  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  In  1861,  he 
succeeded  Gen.  Simon  B.  Buckner  (who  resigned)  as  inspector  general  ol  the 
state  of  Kentucky,  but  vacated  when  he  was  appointed  brigadier  general  of 
volunteers  in  the  U.  S.  service.  He  was  promoted  to  be  major  general  for 
good  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  assigned  to  a  division  of  the  army 
of  Tennessee  ;  subsequently  commanded  a  corps  under  Gen.  Buell,  and  after 
wards  under  Gen.  Kusecrans.  On  the  cessation  of  the  war  he  retired  to  civil 
life,  but  was  in  a  short  time  commissioned  a  colonel  in  the  regular  U.  S.  army 
which  position  he  still  holds  (1874J. 


FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  409 

Juilije  Thomas  Bell  Monroe,  of  Frankfort,  was  a  native  of  Viricinia,  born 
in  Albemarle  <-o,,  Oct.  7,  1791;  he  died  Dec.  24,  1865,a<;ed  74  years,  at  Pass 
Christian,  in  Mississippi— an  exile  from  his  beautiful  "  Montrose  "  home,  on 
the  grand  old  Kentucky  river  hill  which  faces  the  state  house  of  Kentucky, 
at  Frankfort. 

His  father,  Andrew  Monroe,  a  near  relative  of  James  Monroe,  fifth  presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  was  of  Scotch  descent;  his  mother,  Ann  Bell,  of 
Irish  Presbyterian  descent.  They  emigrated,  in  1793,  to  Scott  co.,  Ky.  The 
son  had  few  advantages  of  education,  but  studied  thoroughly  all  the  books 
within  his  reach.  At  21,  he  married  Eliza  Palmer  Adair,  daughter  of  Gen. 
John  Adair,  afterwai-ds  governor  of  Kentucky  ;  and  removed  to  Barren  county, 
which,  in  1816,  with  Judge  Joseph  R.  Underwood  for  his  colleague,  he  rep- 
resented for  one  year  in  the  legislature.  A  reverse  of  fortune  in  1819 
turned  his  attention  to  the  law,  which  he  began  to  study  and  to  practice  at 
the  same  time;  removed  to  Frankfort,  as  a  larger  field;  took  time,  in  the 
winter  of  1821-22,  to  attend  the  lectures  and  graduated  at  Transylvania  law 
school;  was  secretary  of  state,  Sept.,  1823,  to  Sept.,  1824;  appointed  by  Gov. 
Desha,  in  182.5,  reporter  of  the  decisions  of  the  court  of  appeals — his  seven 
volumes  of  "  Monroe's  Kentucky  Reports  "  including  the  last  decisions  of  the 
"Old  Court;"  was  U.  S.  district  attorney,  1833-34;  on  the  death  of  Judge 
John  Boyle,  President  Jackson  appointed  him,  March,  1834,  judge  of  the  U. 
S.  district  court  for  Kentucky,  and  the  U.  S.  senate  unanimously  confirmed 
the  appointment.  Thisofiioe  he  held  for  over  27  years,  until  he  ascertained, 
in  Sept.,  1861,  that  a  threatened  military  oi-der  was  actually  issued  for  his 
arrest,  when  he  abandoned  his  home  and  family,  and  fled  to  Nashville, 
within  the  Confederate  lines.  There,  Oct.  6, 1861,  he  went  before  the  judge 
of  the  Confederate  States  district  court  for  Middle  Tennessee,  and  was  the 
first  person  to  formally  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Confederate  States 
government. 

Thenceforward,  Judge  Monroe's  life  was  checkered  and  roving — the  for- 
tunes of  war  several  times  compelling  a  change  of  temporary  residence  of 
himself,  wife,  and  daughters,  tlie  two  who  had  been  left  in  charge  of  their 
"  Montrose  "  home  having  been  driven  from  it  by  Federal  soldiers,  and  com- 
pelled to  take  refuge  with  their  parents  within  the  Confederate  lines.  At 
Kichmond,  for  awhile  after  Feb.  7,  1862,  he  represented  the  district  of  his 
Kentucky  residence  in  the  Confederate  provisional  congress.  He  practiced 
law  in  Kichmond,  at  times,  and  there  and  throughout  the  South  made  him- 
self useful  in  the  hospitals  and  in  attending  to  the  sick  and  wounded. 
Several  of  his  sons  (and  several  grandsons)  were  in  the  rebel  army.  Maj. 
THOM.iS  B.  jVIoNEOE,  Jr.  (late  secretary  of  state  of  Kentucky,  and  editor  of 
the  Kentucky  Statesman  at  Lexington),  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
April,  1862,  aged  28 ;  Capt.  Ben.  Monroe  was  wounded  at  Shiloh,  and  died 
in  the  summer  of  1862 ;  John  A.  Monroe  died  at  Frankfort  in  1873. 

Judge  Monroe,  from  1843  to  1848,  taught  a  law-class  at  his  Montrose 
home;  then  spent  three  winters  in  New  Orleans,  as  one  of  the  law  profes- 
sors in  the  University  of  Louisiana ;  afterwards  was  one  of  the  professors  in 
Transylvania  law  school  at  Lexington ;  and  a  professor  in  the  Western 
Military  Institute  near  Frankfort — all  this  while  regularly  holding  his  court 
(before  it  was  branched),  so  great  was  his  love  for  imparting  instruction 


young  men.  Three  institutions — the  University  of  Louisville,  Centre  College, 
Ky.,  and  Harvard  University — conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

An  incident  in  the  judicial  career  of  Judge  Monroe,  which  was  preserved 
in  a  newspaper,  some  years  ago,  will  illustrate  the  high  purity  of  his  char- 
acter, and  may  serve  to  remind  the  judiciary  of  our  day  how  conscientiously 
judges  of  the  olden  time  held  ihe  scales  of  justice  : 

A  student  in  the  judge's  law  school,  in  1848,  one  day  asked  him  if,  in 
deciding  a  cause,  he  had  ever  felt  any  bias  or  prejudice  for  or  against  the 
parties. 

The  judge  promptly  replied:  "Never  but  once;  I'll  tell  you  the  story. 
A  very  imporcaiit  case,  argued  with  great  ability  before  me  by  the  most  dis- 
tinguished lawyers  at  the  bar  at  Frankfort,  was  on  trial  through  two  weeks. 
Every  morning  us  the  court  opened,  a  little  woman  dressed  in  black  came  in. 


410  FRANKLIN  COUNTY. 

who  unassumingly  courtesied  to  the  court,  as  if  unseen,  and  took  her  seat 
near  the  door.  Just  before  the  court  adjourned  she  retired,  not  without 
always  making  a  courtesy.  It  attracted  my  attention.  I  inquired  who  she 
was,  and  learned  that  she  was  a  party  to  the  suit.  When  the  case  was  sub- 
mitted, and  I  was  preparing  my  opinion,  I  found  it  impossible  to  dismiss 
from  my  mind  that  little  woman  and  her  courtesy.  I  studied  the  testimony 
and  law  of  the  case  very  closely,  and  decided  in  her  favor.  It  involved  the 
title  of  all  she  possessed  in  the  world.  I  never  was  entirely  satisfied  that 
my  decision  was  correct,  until  it  was  finally  unanimously  confirmed  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  1  feared  my  judgment  had  been  warped 
by  the  simplicity  and  delicacy  of  the  little  woman  in  black." 

Kean  O'Hara,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  Kentucky  educators,  was 
born  and  educated  in  Ireland,  and  came  to  Kentucky  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  last  century,  when  yet  a  young  man.  He  was  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  in  the  store  of  James  Melancthon,  in  Frankfort,  and  made  several 
trips  on  horseback  over  the  Allegheny  mountains  to  the  East,  to  purchase 
supplies  for  the  trade  in  the  western  country.  He  afterwards  turned  his  at- 
tention to  teaching — pursuing  that  vocation  in  the  counties  of  Jefferson,  Fay- 
ette, Franklin,  Woodford,  and  at  Danville,  for  more  than  fifty  years.  He 
died  in  Franklin  county,  Dec.  22,  1851,  aged  83. 

He  was  the  eldest  of  three  brothers,  who  came  with  their  father  to  this 
country — Charles  emigrating  about  1830  to  Georgia,  where  he  followed  the 
same  chosen  profession.  James,  born  about  17S3,  after  many  years  of  suc- 
cessful teaching,  relinquished  it  for  the  law,  which  he  acquired  in  his  leisure 
hours ;  settled  in  the  practice  at  Williamstown,  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  and  attained 
an  enviable  position  as  a  profound  lawyer  and  able  advocate ;  he  was  the 
father  of  James  O'Hara,  Jr.,  judge  of  the  12th  or  Covington  judicial  circuit, 
1868-74. 

Among  the  large  number  of  pupils  of  Kean  O'Hara,  who  rose  to  distin- 
guished positions  in  life  were  several  of  the  Marshalls  and  Browns,  Zachary 
Taylor  (afterwards  president  of  the  United  States),  and  Maj.  Croghan,  of  the 
U.  S.  army.  Gen.  Taylor  made  a  detour  from  his  line  of  travel  to  Washing- 
ton city  to  be  inaugurated  president,  in  order  to  visit  his  old  instructor  then 
living  at  Frankfort.  It  was  an  aiiecting  scene  when  the  great  soldier,  then 
an  old  man,  bowed  himself  in  grateful  homage  before  the  venerable  pre- 
ceptor of  his  youth,  and  in  few  but  earnest  words  thanked  him  for  the  care 
bestowed  upon  his  early  education,  to  which  he  chiefly  attributed  all  the 
achievements  of  his  after  life. 

Major  George  Croghan,  at  21  years  of  age  a  major  and  the  heroic  defender 
of  Fort  Stevenson  (one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  remarkable  defenses  in  the 
history  of  all  wars),  was  a  pupil  of  Mr.  O'Hara ;  went  out  of  his  school  on 
Beargrass  creek  as  a  volunteer;  and  returning  to  visit  it — a  major,  covered 
with  glory,  heralded  by  the  applause  of  his  countrymen,  and  with  the  thanks 
of  Congress — the  wliole  school  turned  out  to  receive  him,  and  gave  him  such 
an  enthusiastic  and  joyous  welcome  as  gratified  the  proud  teacher  and  de- 
lighted the  young  soldier. 

Mr.  O'Hara  received  from  Transylvania  University  the  honorary  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts.     [For  a  sketch  of  his  son,  Theodore  O'Hara,  see  below.] 

Col.  Theodore  O'Hara,  poet,  journalist,  and  soldier,  was  the  son  of  the 
distinguished  teacher,  Keau  O'Hara,  born  at  Danville,  Ky.,  Feb.  11,  1820. 
He  was  the  apple  of  his  father's  eye,  educated  by  him  with  the  greatest  care, 
but  received  his  collegiate  finish  aod  graduated  at  St.  Joseph's  College,  Bards- 
town,  Ky.,  with  the  first  honors  of  his  class.  At  that  school,  Lazarus  W. 
Powell,  atterwards  governor  of  Kentucky,  and  several  others  since  distin- 
guished, were  his  fellows. 

Though  qualified  for  the  legal  profession,  there  was  not  enough  of  adven- 
ture and  of  the  poetry  of  life  in  its  practice,  for  his  active  and  adventurous 
spirit.  He  devoted  his  early  life  to  political  journalism,  as  assistant  editor 
of  the  Frankfort  Kentucky  Yeoman,  aud  as  editor  of  the  Tocsin  or  Democratic 
Rally,  a  very  spirited  campaign  paper  of  1.S14,  aud  afterwards  successively  of 


FRANKLIN  COUNTY.  411 

the  Louisville  Times,  Louisville  Sun,  and  Mobile  (Ala.)  Register;  of  the 
latter  he  was  sole  editor,  during  the  absence  of  the  principal  editor  and  pro- 
prietor, Hon.  John  Forsythe,  as  U.  S.  minister  to  Mexico. 

He  was  a  volunteer  soldier  in  the  Mexican  war,  held  a  captain's  commis- 
sion, and  was  brevetted  a  major  for  gallantry  displayed  on  the  field  of  Che- 
pultepeo,  wliile  serving  upon  the  staff  of  Gen.  Franklin  Pierce,  afterwards 
President  of  the  United  States.  After  the  war,  he  was  commissioned  a 
captain  in  the  U.  S.  cavalry,  and  stationed  upon  the  frontier  of  Texas.  But 
life  in  the  army,  in  time  of  peace,  proved  too  tame  for  his  restless  spirit. 
Kesigning  his  commission,  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Tehuantepec  railroad 
company,  and  was  sent  to  the  city  of  Mexico  to  procure  government  aid  in 
behalf  of  that  enterprise.  Before  his  mission  had  culminated  in  success,  he 
met  with  that  to  him  genial  spirit,  Narcisso  Lopez,  the  great  Cuban  liberator 
— from  whom  he  accepted  a  colonel's  commission.  Joining  the  first  expedi- 
tion, in  1851,  he  commanded  a  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Cardenas — where  his 
troops  pressed  forwardand  captured  the  governor's  piilace,  although  their 
commander,  while  leading  the  charge,  was  severely  wounded  in  the  legs,  and 
compelled  to  return  to  the  United  States.  Before  he  entirely  recovered  from 
the  effect  of  his  wounds,  Lopez,  his  unfortunate  companion  in  arms,  had  or- 
ganized a  second  expedition,  in  which  he  was  captured  and  garroted  at 
Havana. 

Meantime,  Col.  O'Hara  met  with  that  grey-eyed  man  of  destiny,  Col.  Wm. 
Walker,  and  co-operated  with  him  in  the  organization  of  his  adventurous  and 
ill-fated  expedition  to  Central  America,  but  could  not  elude  the  vigilance  of 
the  U.  S.  authorities.  He  was  arrested  and  indicted,  along  with  Gen.  Hen- 
derson, at  New  Orleans,  charged  with  violating  the  U.  S.  neutrality  laws. 
The  government  could  not  make  a  civse  against  either,  and  the  prosecution 
was  abandoned. 

In  1861,  upon  the  secession  of  Alabama,  Col.  O'Hara,  true  to  his  allegiance 
to  his  adopted  state,  entered  its  military  service  at  Mobile.  He  was  soon 
after  commissioned  a  captain  in  the  provisional  army  of  the  Confederate 
States,  and  placed  in  command  of  Fort  McRea  at  the  entrance  of  Mobile 
bay — which  he  gallantly  defended,  until  ordered  by  his  superior  officer  to 
evacuate  it.  He  was  then  attached  to  the  left  wing  of  the  Confederate  army, 
and  on  the  battle  field  of  Shiloh  was  near  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  when 
he  fell,  and  received  his  dying  chief  in  his  arms.  He  continued  in  the  Con- 
federate service  until  the  close  of  the  struggle — having,  by  regular  steps  of 
promotion,  attained  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  died  June  7,  1867,  in  Barbour 
CO.,  Ala.  His  strictly  literary  productions,  outside  of  his  journalistic  labors, 
were  not  numerous,  but  some  of  them  are  regarded  as  gems  of  the  purest 
cast.  His  "  Bivouac  of  the  Dead,"  by  its  poetic  beauty  and  soul-touching 
pathos,  has  embalmed  him  in  the  memory  of  all  true  soldiers  and  patriots, 
and  like  Wolfe's  "  Burial  of  Sir  John  Moore,"  it  belongs  to  the  truly  grand 
in  what  might  be  termed  military  poetry.  It  is  published  in  this  volume, 
page  OOU.  The  legislature  of  Kentucky,  by  resolution  approved  April  24, 
1873,  which  designated  Col.  O'Hara  as  "  the  immortal  poet  and  soldier  in 
the  Mexican  war,"  directed  the  Governor  to  have  his  remains  brought  to  and 
deposited  in  the  "  State  military  lot  "  at  Frankfort,  and  his  grave  marked  with 
an  appropriate  stone. 

John  Harvie — one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  the  "  old  Virginia  gentle- 
man "  that  ever  was  tempted  away  from  the  home  of  his  birth — was  born  in 
Kichmond,  Va.,  Dec.  1,  1783,  and  died  of  a  malignant  carbuncle,  in  Frank- 
fort, Ky.,  Sept.  2U,  1838,  aged  55.  His  father,  John  Harvie,  was  one  of  the 
signers  from  Virginia  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  and  for  many  years 
register  of  its  laud  office.  The  son  emigrated  to  Kentucky  in  1813,  to  one 
of  the  richest  farms  in  Woodford  co.,  but  removed  thence  to  Frankfort  in 
1818;  Jan.  20,  1820,  was  elected  by  the  legislature  a  director  of  the  old 
Bank  of  Kentucky;  and  by  the  same  body,  on  Dec.  7,  1820,  chosen  Pres- 
ident of  the  Bank  of  Kentucky — over  Robert  Alexander,  the  then  abJe  pres- 
ident, and  over  the  distinguished  jurist  and  statesman,  Martin  D.  Hardin. 
The  vote  stood ;  Alexander  30,  Hardin  49,  Harvie   58 ;  and  on  the  second 


412  FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 

ballot  (Alexnnder  having  been  dropped),  Harvie  77,  Hardin  60.  To  this 
very  hijihly  responsihle  and  honorable  position  the  legislature  annually  re- 
elected him  for  eicht  years,  when  he  declined  to  serve  further.  Dec.  20, 
1826,  the  same  body  selected  him  as  one  of  the  commissioners  to  superintend 
the  building  of  the  present  state  house ;  Feb.  28,  1835,  Gov.  James  T. 
Morehead  appointed  him,  John  L.  Hickman  and  James  Harlan,  the  state 
board  of  internal  improvement,  but  he  resigned  Jan.  22,  1836  ;  Aug.  3,  1835, 
the  AVhigs  elected  him  to  the  legislature  from  Franklin  co.,by  19  maj.  over 
J.  O.  T.  Hawkins,  Dem., — whereas,  the  next  year,  the  Democratic  candi- 
date, Dandridge  S.  Crockett,  succeeded  by  just  19  maj.  over  Mason   Brown. 

Mr.  Haivie  was  a  remariable  man ;  no  man  ever  had  a  nicer  sense  of 
honor;  his  loftiness  of  soul  never  permitted  an  unworthy  thought;  to  do 
right  was  the  great  aim  of  his  life ;  shrinking  from  no  duty  society  or  the 
state  required  of  him,  he  was  loved  and  honored  and  trusted  as  few  men 
are.  He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  both  Henry  Clay  and  John  J.  Critten- 
den; the  former  generally  made  his  house  his  home  when  visiting  Frank- 
fort ;  and  of  the  latter's  family,  Mr.  Harvie,  after  the  death  of  his  wife,  was  a 
member  for  seveal  years.  Of  that  intimacy,  some  most  beautiful  and  touch- 
ing testimonials  are  preserved.  His  hospitable  mansion  was  selected  by  the 
citizens  as  the  fittest  to  entertain  La  Fayette,  upon  his  visit  to  Frankfort  in 
May,  1825;  but  the  Marquis  preferred  stopping  at  the  hotel,  as  freer  from 
restraint  and  more  convenient  to  his  large  suite. 

His  son,  Col.  Lewis  E.  Harvie,  as  firm  and  as  brave  as  his  traditional  an- 
cestry, was  the  only  member  of  the  neutrality  address  committee,  known  as  the 
"  Union  state  central  committee,"  (see  extracts  from  their  address,  ante,  pp. 
87,  88)  who  kept  faith  with  the  people  of  Kentucky — he  promptly  resigning 
his  place  on  the  committee,  in  the  early  summer  of  1861,  and  by  published 
letter  assigning  as  the  reason,  that  the  committee  and  the  party  had  be- 
come a  war  instead  of  an  armed  neutrality  one,  and  was  really  but  secretly 
seeking  to  throw  the  weight  of  Kentucky  into  the  scales  of  war  on  the  North- 
ern side;  and  declaring  that  if  Kentucky  had  to  take  part  in  the  war  on 
either  side,  without  a  previous  violation  of  its  neutrality  by  the  other,  his 
fate  would  be  cast  with  the  South.  He  went  to  Richmond  in  July,  1S62, 
and  came  back  in  the  fall  as  aid  to  Gen.  Buckner,  and  as  such  served  in  the 
battle  of  Perryville ;  was  afterward  on  the  stafis  of  Maj.  Gen.  Robert  Ran- 
son,  Maj.  Gen.  G.  W.  Custis  Lee,  and  Gen.  Beauregard,  and  was  surrendered 
at  Appomattox  C.  H.,  under  Col.  Talcott  of  the  corps  of  topographical  en- 
gineers, April  10,  1865. 

William  Littell,  distinguished  in  connection  with  republishing  the  laws 
of  Kentucky,  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  probably  about  1804,  from  what  state 
we  have  not  ascertained ;  one  report  says  he  was  a  native  of  England,  but 
that  is  doubtful.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  no  special  reputation  except  as  a  land 
lawyer,  a  laborious  workman,  a  constant  student,  part  of  his  life  a  man  of 
bad  morals,  and  very  eccentric;  in  walking,  his  gait  was  rapid,  his  stride 
long,  giving  him  an  undulating  motion  by  which  his  head  bobbed  up  and 
down,  alternating  several  inches  above  and  below  a  horizontal  line.  In 
passing  from  his  office  to  the  court  room,  if  he  met  forty  men,  unless  first 
addressed  he  never  looked  at  or  spoke  to  any  of  them. 

His  first  contract  with  the  State  was  in  1805,  to  republish,  in  three  vol- 
umes (afterwards  extended  to  five)  the  Statute  Laws  of  Kentucky;  these 
appeared  in  1809,  '10,  'U,  '14,  and  19.  In  1822,  appeared  the  first  Digest 
of  the  Statutes,  from  1799  to  1822,  with  notes  of  decisions  of  the  court  of 
appeals— prepared  by  VVm.  Littell  and  Jacob  Swigert.  Littell's  Reports, 
in  five  volumes,  embraced  the  decisions  of  the  court  of  appeals  from  the 
sping  term  of  1822  to  that  of  1824;  and  his  Select  Cases,  in  one  volume 
embraced  unreported  decisions  of  that  court,  between  1795  and  1821.  Prob- 
ably his  first  publication  in  the  state  was  his  Narrative  of  Events  in  Ken- 
tucky prior  to  1792,  with  an  appendix — a  work  of  considerable  value  in 
elucidating  the  history  of  early  Kentucky,  and  now  very  rare.  About  1818, 
Transylvania  University  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  L.  L.  D. 

Besides  these  works  of  public  value  and  interest,  he  published  a  small  vol- 


FRANKLIN  COUNTY.  413 

ume  of  poems  written  by  himself,  Festoons  of  Fancy ;  and  also  a  volume  of 
miscellaneous  writina;s,  said  to  be  of  no  great  value.  We  have  not  seen 
either  of  them.  He  died  at  Frankfort,  Sept.  26,  1824,  quite  poor — his  "  prop- 
erty not  enough  to  pay  his  debts  unless  sold  by  a  person  who  has  the  in- 
terest of  his  estate  at  heart,  who  may  thus  pay  his  debts,  and  save  something 
for  his  infant  son;"  so  says  a  legislative  act  for  the  benefit  of  his  estate. 

Lieut. -Gen.  Simon  Bolivar  Bpckner  was  born  in  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  April  1, 
1823.  Kentucky  was  not  only  the  theater  of  one  of  the  greatest  battles  in 
the  world's  history  (that  near  Perryville) ;  but,  of  the  distinguished  actora 
in  the  greatest  of  modern  civil  wars,  she  furnished  a  remarkable  proportion. 
The  chief  magistrates  of  the  two  contending  sections,  Abraham  Lincoln  and 
Jefferson  Davis,  were  both  natives  of  Kentucky ;  as  were  8  major-generals 
and  20  brigadier-generals  of  the  Federal  army,  and  1  general,  3  lieutenant- 
generals,  5  major-generals,  and  16  brigadier-generals  of  the  Confederate 
army. 

Gen.  Kuckner  was  a  military  man  by  education,  a  graduate  of  West  Point 
in  1844 — in  a  class  of  twenty-five,  of  whom  only  one  other  has  attained  to 
much  distinction.  After  one  year's  service  as  brevet  second  lieutenant,  he 
was  made,  when  only  23  years  old,  assistant  professor  of  ethics  at  West 
Point.  But  in  his  eii,gerness  to  witness  something  of  actual  war  in  Mexico, 
he  was  allowed  to  resign.  As  2d  lieutenant  of  the  6th  Infantry,  he  did 
effective  service  on  the  Rio  Grande,  in  the  fall  and  early  winter  of  J  846.  In 
Jan.,  1847,  with  the  advance  of  Gen.  Worth's  division,  he  participated  in  the 
siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  thence  in  every  battle  but  one  up  to  the  capture  of 
the  Mexican  capital.  For  heroic  behavior  at  Cherubusco,  where  he  was 
slightly  wounded,  he  was  brevetted  first  lieutenant;  and  for  like  meritorious 
conduct  at  Molino  del  Rey  was  brevetted  captain.  Before  his  return  to  the 
United  States,  the  order  was  issued  assigning  him  to  duty  as  assistant  in- 
structor in  infantry  tactics  at  West  Point.  After  two  years  service  there, 
he  was  transferred  to  New  York  harbor,  and  then  to  his  company  on  the 
western  frontier.  In  18.52,  he  was  promoted  captain,  but  in  Jan.,  185.5,  re- 
signed, to  give  attention  to  his  private  business. 

While  living  at  Louisville,  he  was  called  by  Gov.  Magoffin,  in  1860,  to  the 
command-in-chief  of  the  Kentucky  State  Guard,  with  the  rank  of  major- 
general ;  and  in  a  short  time  brought  that  volunteer  force  to  a  high  degree 
of  efliciency.  Under  the  instructions  of  Gov.  M.,  he  visited  Washington 
city,  in  1861,  as  commissioner  from  Kentucky,  and  had  an  interview  with 
the  president,  in  which  he  received  pledges  which  were  never  redeemed. 
He  stood  up  boldly  and  consistently  for  the  peaceful  neutrality  determined 
upon  by  his  state  at  the  first,  and  for  a  short  time  maintained.  As  late  as 
June  24,  1861  (see  p.  92  ante,)  he  ordered  six  companies  of  State  Guards  to 
Columbus,  Ky.,  to  preserve,  in  that  neighborhood,  the  neutrality  of  the  state. 
When  he  satisfied  himself  that  this  honorable  position  could  not  be  main- 
tained, he  resigned  the  command  of  the  state  troops,  and  visited  Richmond ; 
but  there  declined  handsome  position  in  the  Confederate,  as  he  had  pre- 
viously done  in  the  Federal  army,  because  Kentucky  had  not  yet  formally 
abandoned  or  been  frightened  from  her  neutrality. 

It  was  not  until  after  the  controlling  majority  of  the  Kentucky  legislature, 
On  Sept.  11,  1861,  refused  to  enforce  or  to  attempt  to  enforce  her  doctrine  of 
neutrality,  that  Buckner  tendered  his  services  to  the  Confederate  govern- 
ment. Sept.  15th,  he  was  appointed  brigadier  general.  On  the  17th,  by 
order  of  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  he  occupied  Bowling  Green,  with  a 
division  of  troops,  and,  the  next  day,  Munfordville. 

Buokner's  first  engagement  with  the  enemy  was,  as  third  in  command,  at 
Fort  Donelson,  Feb.  13,  1862.  He  ordered  his  men,  composing -the  right 
wing,  to  withhold  their  fire,  as  the  assailants  advanced,  until  each  could  be 
sure  of  his  mark.  At  the  word  given,  the  slaughter  was  terrible  and  the 
recoil  sudden.  Again,  and  a  third  time,  the  enemy  was  led  on  to  the  attack, 
but  the  slaughter  was  as  dreadful  and  the  repulse  as  bloody.  The  attacks 
were  transferred  to  the  left  wing,  with  like  results.  The  Federals  were 
driven  back  to   their  positions  of  the  morning,  and  for  two  miles  mangled 


414  FRANKLIN  COUNTY. 

human  forms  strewed  the  ground.  Sleet  and  snow  fell  during  the  night, 
and  with  a  bitter  north  wind  the  weather  became  so  cold  as  to  cause  intense 
Buffering  and  many  deaths — no  truce  being  allowed  to  care  for  the  wounded 
or  bury  the  dead.  For  three  days  more,  the  little  force  of  less  than  13,000 
boldly  fought  and  bravely  suffered  in  the  face  of  over  three  times  their 
number,  many  of  them  fresh  troops.  The  two  senior  generals,  and  part  of 
their  forces,  escaped  during  the  night  of  the  loth,  and  in  the  morning  Gen. 
Buckner  surrendered  the  remainder  as  prisoners  of  war,  and  they  were  im- 
mediately sent  off  to  Northern  prisons. 

At  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Gen.  Buckner  was  separated  from  his  staff  and 
placed  in  solitary  confinement ;  thence  sent  to  Fort  Warren,  in  Boston  har- 
bor, where  for  four  months  and  seventeen  days  (March  2,  to  July  19,  1862,) 
"  he  was  confined  to  a  narrow  room,  and  allowed  no  intercourse  with  any 
one,  and,  for  a  time,  no  epistolary  correspondence  even  with  his  own  fiimily. 
His  wife  was  refused  the  privilege  of  sending  him  a  letter,  or  food,  clothing, 
or  any  other  comfort.  He  wrote  a  letter  to  Simon  Cameron,  U.  S.  secretary 
of  war,  who  had  ordered  him  into  close  confinement,  seeking  to  know  why 
all  the  ordinary  usages  of  war  were  departed  from  in  meting  out  to  him 
Buch  treatment;  but  the  revengeful  secretary  allowed  no  response.  For  II 
days  before  his  release,  upon  July  30th,  he  was  allowed,  each  day,  an  hour's 
solitary  walk  upon  the  parapet,  but  with  sentinels  at  each  end  of  the  path 
to  prevent  others  from  approaching  him,  although  he  had  been  required  to 
give  his  parol  of  honor  not  to  recognize  any  one. 

Gen.  Buckner  was  sent  to  Richmond  and  exchanged,  Aug.  16,  1862.  He 
was  promptly  promoted  to  major-general,  and  in  a  few  days  was  on  his  way 
to  Kentucky,  in  command  of  a  division  of  Hardee's  corps  of  Bragg's  army. 
Along  the  route,  troops  and  citizens  alike  cheered  for  the  hero  of  Fort  Donel- 
8on  as  he  passed. 

At  the  battle  of  Perryville,  Oct.  8,  1862,  his  division  rendered  most  impor- 
tant service.  In  this  campaign,  says  the  historian  Pollard,  "  Gen.  Buckner's 
services  were  remarkable;  and  especially  his  clear  perceptions  of  the  field  of 
Perryville  showed  generakhip  of  the  highest  order,  and  might  have  accom- 
plished a  decisive  result  but   for  the  obstinate  dissent  of  the  commanding 

general  from  all  his  officers An  army  which  had  been  concentrated 

for  action,  was,  on  the  eve  of  battle,  scattered  to  the  four  points  of  the  com- 
pass— in  spite  of  the  respectful  remonstrances  of  every  general  officer  who 
came  in  contact  with  the  commanding  general." 

In  Dec,  1862,  Gen.  Buckner  took  charge  of  the  defenses  of  Mobile,  and  in 
four  months  made  that  city  an  impregnable  fortress.  In  the  summer  of  1863, 
he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Department  of  East  Tennessee,  a  position  re- 
quiring great  delicacy,  prudence,  firmness,  and  vigilance.  In  the  fall,  he  was 
ordered  to  the  command  of  a  corps  of  two  divisions,  and  on  Sept.  20,  1863, 
led  them  with  distinguished  valor  and  coolness  on  the  sanguinary  field  of 
Chickamauga.  Military  critics  assign  him  a  share  in  the  glory  of  that  triumph 
second  only  to,  if  not  fully  alongside  of,  the  heroic  Longstreet. 

In  the  campaign  of  1864,  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  District 
of  Louisiana,  and  soon  after  promoted  to  lieutenant-general ;  and  in  addition, 
commanded  a  corps  of  three  divisions  and  a  cavalry  command.  There  were 
but  few  active  operations,  thereafter,  in  that  department.  When,  some  time 
after  the  surrender  of  Generals  Lee  and  Johnston,  it  was  evident  the  struggle 
could  not  be  prolonged,  Gen.  Buckner  and  Maj.-Gen.  Price,  of  Mo.,  negotiated 
with  Gen.  Canby  the  terms  of  a  surrender.  These  terms  forbade  his  imme- 
diate return  to  his  home  in  Kentucky ;  and  for  some  years  Gen.  B.  was  a 
citizen  of  New  Orleans,  an  editor,  and  president  of  an  insurance  company. 
In  1871,  he  was  successful  in  recovering  the  fine  estate  of  his  wife  in  Chicago, 
which  was  held  by  others,  as  one  of  the  strange  results  of  the  war;  and  has 
been  somewhat  prominent  in  adding  to  the  architectural  beauty  of  the  burnt 
but  restored  city.    Louisville  was  his  home  in  1873-4. 

Maj.-Gen.  Thomas  Jefferson  Wood,  son  of  Col.  Geo.  T.  Wood,  was  born 
at  Munfordville,  Ky.,  Sept.  25,  1825;  graduated  at  West  Point  in  lS4o,  and 
was  appointed  brevet  2d  lieut.  of  topographical  engineers ;    distinguished 


AUTHOR  OF  RESOLUTIONS  OF  1798.  415 

himself  at  the  battle  of  Palo  Alto,  Texas,  1846,  and  was  assigned  to  2d 
Dragoons;  for  gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  Mex.,  Feb.,  1847,  was 
brevetted  1st  lieut.  ;  on  Texas  frontier,  1848-54;  promoted  captain  1st  eav., 
1855;  traveled  in  Europe,  1859-61  ;  promoted  major,  March  16,  1861;  lieut.- 
col.,  May  9,  1861 ;  brig.-gen.  U.  S.  vols.,  Oct.  11,  1861  ;  colonel  2d  cav.,  Nov. 
12,  1861 ;  was  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Perryville,  and  Stone  River,  in 
1862,  and  wounded  at  the  latter;  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Mission- 
ary Ridge,  in  1863  ;  in  Sherman's  campaign,  with  all  its  battles,  to  the  fall  of 
Atlanta,  and  in  the  battles  of  Franklin  and  Nashville,  1864 ;  major-general 
U.  S.  vols.,  Jan.  27,  1865  ;  promoted  brevet  brig.-gen.  U.  S.  A.,  March  13,  1865, 
and,  on  same  day,  brevet  major-gen.  U.  S.  A.,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 
vices at  the  battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Nashville,  respectively.  Few  officers 
were  in  so  many  terrible  engagements  and  in  such  constant  and  trying  service, 
and  none  bore  themselves  more  gallantly  or  better  earned  their  promotions. 
After  the  war,  he  commanded  in  Texas,  and  over  the  district  of  Arkansas  in 
1865,  and  in  1866  over  the  district  and  department  of  Mississippi.  In  July, 
1874,  he  was  still  in  the  regular  army. 


THE    AUTHOR     OF    THE     KENTUCKY    RESOLUTIONS    OF    1798. 

The  following  letter,  written  by  Thomas  Jefferson  in  his  79th  year — less 
than  five  years  before,  bat  not  published  until  three  years  after,  his  death — 
settles  forever  the  controverted  authorship  of  the  Resolutions  published  on 
pages  401-06,  ante.  It  was  addressed  to  Mr.  Nicholas  (probably  the  late 
Judge  Samuel  S.  Nicholas,  of  Louisville),  and  is  found  on  page  344,  vol.  4,  of 
Jefferson's  Memoirs  and  Correspondence  : 

"MoNTicELLO,  Dee.  11,  1821. 

"  Db.\r  Sir, — Your  letter  of  December  the  19th  places  me  under  a  dilem- 
ma which  1  can  not  solve  but  by  an  exposition  of  the  naked  truth.  I  would 
have  wished  this  rather  to  have  remained  as  hitherto,  without  inquiry,  but 
your  inquiries  have  a  right  to  be  answered.  I- will  do  it  as  exactly  as  the 
great  lapse  of  time  and  waning  memory  will  enable  me.  I  may  misremember 
different  circumstances,  but  can  be  right  in  substance. 

"  At  the  time  when  the  Republicans  of  our  country  were  so  much  alarmed 
at  the  proceedings  of  the  Federal  ascendency  in  Congress,  in  the  Executive 
and  the  Judiciary  departments,  it  became  a  matter  of  serious  consideration 
how  head  could  be  made  against  their  enterprises  on  the  Constitution.  The 
leading  Republicans  in  Congress  found  themselves  of  no  use  there,  brow 
beaten  as  they  were  by  a  bold  and  overwhelming  majority.  They  concluded 
to  retire  from  that  field,  take  a  stand  in  the  State  Legislatures,  and  endeavor 
there  to  arrest  their  progress.  The  alien  and  sedition  laws  furnished  the 
particular  occasion.  The  sympathy  between  Virginia  and  Kentucky  was 
more  cordial,  and  more  intimately  confidential,  than  between  any  other  two 
States  of  Republican  policy.  Mr.  Madison  came  into  the  Virginia  Legisla- 
ture. I  was  then  in  the  Vice-Presidency,  and  could  not  leave  my  station. 
But  your  father,  and  Col.  Wilson  C.  Nicholas,  and  myself,  happening  to  be  to- 
gether, the  engaging  the  co-operation  of  Kentucky  in  an  energetic  protestation 
against  the  constitutionality  of  those  laws  became  a  subject  of  consultation. 
Those  gentlemen  pressed  me  strongly  to  sketch  resolutions  for  that  purpose, 
your  father  undertaking  to  introduce  them  to  that  Legislature,  with  a  solemn 
assurance,  which  1  strictly  required,  that  it  should  not  be  known  from  what 
quarter  they  came.  I  drew  and  delivered  them  to  him;  and  in  keeping  their 
origin  secret,  he  fulfilled  his  pledge  of  honor.  Some  years  after  this.  Col. 
Nicholas  asked  me  if  I  would  have  any  objection  to  its  being  known  that  I 
had  drawn  them.  I  pointedly  enjoined  that  it  should  not.  Whether  he  had 
unguardedly  intimated  it  before  to  any  one,  I  know  not;  but  I  afterwards 
observed  in  the  papers  repeated  imputations  of  them  to  me  ;  on  which,  as  has 
been  my  practice  on  all  occasions  of  imputation,  I  have  observed  entire 
silence.     *    *    *  With  these  prayers,  etc., 

"  TH.  JEFFERSON." 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH 

BAPTIST      CHURCH. 


The  Baptists  were  the  pioneers  of  religion  in  Kentucky.  Tliey  came  with  the 
earliest  permanent  settlers.  In  1776,William  Hickman,  sr.,  commenced  here  his 
labors  in  the  Gospel  ministry.*  He  was  the  first  to  proclaim  "  the  unsearchable 
riches  of  Christ,"  in  the  valley  of  the  Kentucky.  He  was  on  a  tour  of  observation 
merely,  and  after  a  stay  of  several  months,  returned  to  Virginia,  remained  several 
years,  and  then  located  in  this  state,  where  he  labored  faithfully  in  the  field  of 
the  gospel  for  more  than  fifty  years.  In  1779,  John  Taylor,  Joseph  Reding, 
Lewis  Lunsford,  (the  Patrick  Henry  of  the  pulpit),  and  several  other  ministers 
of  Virginia,  visited  Kentucky.  They  found  many  of  their  brethren,  but  owing 
to  the  constant  alarm  from  savage  depredations,  and  the  other  stirring  incidents 
peculiar  to  new  settlements  amid  the  wilds  of  a  strange  and  unbroken  forest, 
there  seemed  to  be  but  little  concern  manifested  for  religion.  These  ministers 
had  but  few  opportunities  for  preaching.  They  did  preach,  however,  at  a  few  of 
the  stations.  Their  object  was  chiefly  to  see  the  country,  with  reference  to  sub- 
sequent settlement.  They  found  it  destitute  of  almost  everything  except  grass 
for  their  horses,  and  meat  from  the  woods,  procured  at  the  risk  of  life.  They 
could  do  but  little  more  than  feast  their  eyes  upon  the  luxuriant  soil,  which  the 
Indians  had  resolved  should  never  be  cultivated. f  These  ministers,  except  Red- 
ing, returned  to  Virginia,  but  some  of  them,  a  few  years  later,  took  permanent 
residence  in  Kentucky. 

In  1780,  many  Baptists  removed  to  this  state,  chiefly  from  Virginia ;  but  it  was 
not  until  the  next  year,  that  there  was  an  organized  church.  This  was  the  Gil- 
bert's creek  church.  When  Lewis  Craig  left  Spottsylvania  county,  Va.,  most  of 
his  large  church  there  came  with  him.  They  were  constituted  when  they  started, 
and  were  an  organized  church  on  the  road — wherever  they  stopped,  they  could 
transact  church  business.  They  settled  at  Craig's  station  on  Gilbert's  creek,  a 
few  miles  east  of  where  the  town  of  Lancaster,  Garrard  county,  is  now  situated.:}: 
There  were  now  a  number  of  efficient  ministers  in  Kentucky. 

In  1782,  several  other  churches  are  known  to  have  been  constituted,  viz :  Sev- 
ern's valley,||  (now  Elizabethtown),  and  Nolynn,  both  now  in  Hardin  county. 
Also  Cedar  creek,  now  in  Nelson  county. § 

In  1783,  the  first  Baptist  church  and  the  first  worshiping  assembly  of  any 
order,  was  organized  on  South  Elkhorn,  five  miles  south  of  Lexington,  by  Lewis 
Craig,  principally  out  of  members  dismissed  from  the  church  on  Gilbert's  creek. 
This  church  was  for  forty  years  one  of  the  most  prosperous  churches  in  the  state; 
but  its  candlestick  has  been  removed.** 

After  the  close  of  the  American  Revolution,  a  flood  of  Baptists  poured  into 
Kentucky,  chiefly  from  Virginia,  and  churches  began  to  spring  up  every  where 
m  the  wilderness.  It  was  still  a  time  of  great  peril.  Before  houses  of  worship 
were  erected,  the  worshipers  would  assemble  in  the  forest,  each  man  with  his 
gun  ;  sentinels  wo\ild  be  placed  to  guard  against  surprise  from  the  Indians,  while 
the  minister,  with  a  log  or  stump  for  his  pulpit,  and  the  heavens  for  his  sounding 
board,  would  dispense  the  word  of  life  and  salvation. 

"  The  groves  were  God's  first  temples.     Ere  man  learned 
To  hew  the  shaft,  and  lay  the  architrave. 
And  spread  the  roof  above  them,  ere  he  filmed 
The  lofty  vault,  to  gather  and  roll  back 
The  sound  of  anthems,  in  the  darkling  wood, 

•John  Taylor's  History  of  Ten  Churches,  p.  48.  II  Benedict,  vol.  2,  p.  542. 

t  Benedict's  History  of  the  Baptists,  vol.  2,  p.  S2S.  5  Asplund's  Register  of  1790,  p.  39. 

J  History  of  Ten  Churches,  p.  42.  *»  History  of  Ten  Churches,  p.  50. 

(416) 


Eii^riLved     for    Collins'  Historj    of    KenHit-lry. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH,  ETC.  'ii' 

Amidst  the  cool  and  silence,  he  knelt  down. 
And  offered  to  the  Mightiest  solemn  thanks 
And  supplications."* 

In  1785,  three  associations  were  organized,  viz.  :  The  Elkhorn,  comprising 
all  the  regular  Baptist  churches  then  north  of  the  Kentucky  and  Dix  rivers  ;  the 
Salem,  comprising  all  the  churches  of  the  same  order  south  of  those  rivers  ;  and 
the  South  Kentuckit,  comprising  all  the  separate  Baptist  churches  in  the  State. 
These  associations,  which  were  constituted  of  some  three  or  four  churches  each, 
increased  with  great  rapidity.  In  1790,  there  were  attached  to  them  42  churches 
and  3105  members;  viz.:  Elkhorn,  15  churches  and  1389  members;  Salem,  8 
churches  and  105  members:  and  South  Kentucky,  19  churches  and  1311  members. 
The  population  of  Kentucky  at  that  period  was  about  73,000.  So  there  was 
one  Baptist  to  about  every  twenty-three  inhabitants.  Besides,  there  were  many 
churches  not  yet  associated;  and  many  members  just  moved  into  the  state,  who 
were  not  yet  attached  to  the  churches.  There  were,  too,  at  this  period,  42  or- 
dained roinisters  and  21  licentiates;  or  one  ordained  minister  to  every  1825  of  the 
inhabitants.  This  was  a  tolerably  fail  proportion  of  Baptist  leaven  to  the  whole 
lump  of  people.f 

Among  the  ministers  of  that  day,  were  John  Gano,  Ambrose  Dudley,  John 
Taylor,  Lewis  Craig,  William  Hickman,  Joseph  Reding,  William  E.  Waller, 
Augustine  Eastin,  Moses  Bledsoe,  John  Rice,  Elijah  Craig,  William  Marshall, 
and  other  kindred  spirits — men  of  ardent  piety,  untiring  zeal,  indomitable  energy 
of  character,  of  vigorous  and  well-balanced  intellects,  and  in  every  way  adapted 
to  the  then  state  of  society.  Pioneers  to  a  wilderness  beset  with  every  danger 
and  every  privation,  they  were  the  first  ministers  of  the  brave,  the  daring,  and 
noble  spirits  who  first  settled  and  subdued  this  country — such  men  as  the  Boones, 
the  Clarkes,  the  Harrods,  the  Bullitts,  the  Logans,  the  Floyds,  and  the  Hardins 
would  respect  and  venerate,  and  listen  to  with  delight  and  profit.  It  has  been  the 
good  fortune  of  the  writer  to  hear  some  of  these  venerable  ministers  preach. 
Some  of  them  survived  many  years  the  men  of  their  own  generation.  But  age 
seemed  to  bring  to  them  few  of  its  infirmities.  They  retained  almost  to  the  last 
the  vigor  of  their  manhood's  prime;  and  although  they  could  not  be  called  lite- 
rary men,  they  were  nevertheless  distinguished  for  their  intelligence,  for  com- 
manding talents,  for  profound  acquaintance  with  the  doctrines  of  the  Bible,  and 
were  possessed  of  a  knowledge  of  men  and  things,  which  eminently  qualified 
them  to  be  teachers  and  guides  of  the  people. 

In  1793,  an  attempt  was  made  to  bring  about  a  union  between  the  Regular  and 
Separate  Baptists,  which  failing  of  success,  sundry  churches  of  the  South  Ken- 
tucky association  withdrew  from  that  body,  and  organized  the  Tate's  creek  as- 
sociation.:}: The  oldest  churches  in  this  association  were  organized  at  the  dates 
following:  Tate's  creek,  now  in  Madison  county,  1785  ;§  White  Oak,  in  the 
same  county,  1790  ;||  and  Cedar  creek,  now  Crab  Orchard,  Lincoln  county, 
1791.§ 

In  1798,  the  number  of  churches  in  the  Elkhorn  association  being  33,  and  its 
territory  extending  from  the  Holstein  on  the  south,  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  on  the 
north;  and  from  the  mouth  of  Beargrass  on  the  west,  to  the  Virginia  line  on  the 
east,  it  was  deemed  expedient  to  dismiss  the  churches  north  of  Licking  river  for 
the  purpose  of  forming  a  new  organization;  and  accordingly  the  Bracken  asso- 
ciation was  constituted.  The  oldest  churches  in  this  association  are.  Limestone 
creek**  (now  extinct),  near  the  present  city  of  Maysville,  and  Washington,  both 
constituted  in  1785  ;  and  Mayslick  church,  constituted  1791. ff 

The  general  harmony  of  the  denomination  was  undisturbed,  and  their  pro- 
gress steady  and  healthful.  In  1799,  commenced  what  is  known  to  this  day  as 
the  Great  Revival,  which  continued  through  several  years.  During  its  prevalence, 
the  accessions  to  the  churches  in.  every  part  of  the  state  were  unprecedented.  The 
Baptists  escaped  almost  entirely  those  extraordinary  and  disgraceful  scenes  pro- 
duced by  i\\e  jerks,  the-roffino- and  the  barking  exercises,  &c.,  which  extensively 
obtained  among  some  other  persuasions  of  those  days.     The  work  among  the 

•  Bryant.  I|  Benedict,  vol.  2,  p.  540. 

t  Asplund's  Register,  p.  .33.  j  Asplund,  p,  32.  **  Ibid. 

t Benedict,  vol.2.,  p.  233.  tt  Benedict,  ul  supra. 

1...27 


418  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF 

Baptists  was  deep,  solemn,  and  powerful ;  but  comporting  with  that  decency  and 
order  so  emphatically  enjoined  in  the  scriptures.  During  this  revival,  large  ad- 
ditions were  made  to  the  churches  in  every  quarter  of  the  State.  The  Elkhorn 
association,  at  its  annual  meeting  in  1801,  reported  an  addition  of  3011  members 
by  baptism  during  the  current  year  ;  and  in  1802,  an  accession  of  twelve  churches 
was  reported,  making  the  whole  number  of  members,  5310.  So  numerous  were 
the  churches,  and  so  extensive  still  were  the  boundaries,  it  was  thought  advisable 
again  to  divide  the  association,  and  accordingly  those  churches  lying  along  the 
Ohio  river,  west  of  the  Bracken  association,  were  dismissed  and  organized  into 
the  North  Bend  association. 

To  the  South  Kentucky,  the  accessions  were  almost  equal  to  those  of  the  Elk- 
horn  association.  It  too  became  of  such  unwieldy  dimensions,  as  to  demand  a 
division.  It  was  accordingly  separated  into  two  bodies,  in  1802  ;  the  part  north 
of  the  Kentucky  river  being  denominated  the  North  District  association,  and 
the  part  south  of  the  river,  the  South  District  association. 

The  Tate's  creek  association  rsported  in  1801,  the  addition  of  1148  members 
by  baptism.  The  Salem  association  also  shared  largely  in  the  blessings  of  this 
revival.  It  received  upwards  of  2000  members.  Its  boundaries  were  extended 
north  of  Salt  river,  where  enough  churches  were  gathered  to  justify  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Long  Run  association  in  1803.* 

The  Green  river  association,  lying  in  what  are  now  Warren.  Barren,  Green, 
and  Adair  counties,  was  constituted  in  1800,  about  the  beginning  of  the  Great 
Revival  in  that  section  of  the  state.  It  contained  at  lirst,  nine  churches,  eight 
ministers,  and  about  three  hundred  and  fifty  members.  The  very  first  year  of  its 
existence,  it  increased  to  more  than  one  thousand  members,  and  in  1804.  it  con- 
tained 38  churches,  and  comprised  so  much  territory  that  it  was  deemed  sound 
policy  to  divide  it  into  three  bodies.  The  middle  portion  of  the  churches  retained 
the  old  name  of  the  association  :  those  of  the  northern  portion  were  organized 
into  the  Russel's  creek  association :  and  those  of  the  southern  portion,  into  the 
Stockton's  valley  association,  f 

This  revival  had  the  happy  effect  to  bring  about  a  union  between  the  Rfgular 
and  Separate  Baptists.  These  distinctive  names  were  imported  from  Virginia, 
and  mean  the  same  as  those  of  Particular  and  General  Baptists  in  England — the 
former  meaning  those  who  hold  to  Calvinistic,  and  the  latter  those  holding  Ar- 
minian  sentiments.  Several  unsuccessful  eflforts  had  been  made  to  eflfect  a  union 
between  the  Regular  and  Separate  Baptists  in  Kentucky  ;  but  the  Great  Revival 
removed  all  obstacles.  Melted  into  love  by  its  influences,  these  kindred  parties 
then  mingled  into  one.  In  1801,  terms  of  union  previously  agreed  upon  by  a 
committee  appointed  for  the  purpose,  were  ratified  by  the  two  parties  in  theii 
respective  associations.  The  names  Regular  and  Separate  were  henceforth  to 
be  laid  aside,  and  that  of  the  United  Baptists  used  in  their  stead.  Thus  was  con- 
summated the  "  General  Union." 

But  the  harsh  note  of  discord  was  heard  just  as  the  sweet  melody  of  revival  and 
brotherly  love  began  to  subside,  and  ere  they  had  ceased.  In  1796,  James  Gar- 
rard, a  Baptist  minister  and  a  member  of  Cooper's  run  church,  Bourbon  county, 
was  elected  Governor  of  Kentucky.  He  appointed  to  the  oflice  of  secretary  of 
state,  Harry  Toiilmin,  who  had  been  a  follower  of  Dr.  Priestly  in  England,  and 
a  minister  of  the  Unitarian  persuasion.  Mr.  Toulmin  was  a  gentleman  of  talents 
and  erudition.^:  It  was  owing  perhaps  to  the  intimacy  existing  between  Gov. 
Garrard  and  Secretary  Toulmin,  arising  in  part  from  their  official  relations,  that 
the  former  became  tinctured  with  Unitarian  sentiments.  Be  that  as  it  may,  it  is 
certain  that  in  1802,  Mr.  Garrard  and  the  pastor  of  Cooper's  run  church,  Augus- 
tine Eastin,  a  minister  of  considerable  eminence,  began  to  propagate  Arian,  or 
rather,  .Socinian  sentiments.  The  majority  of  Cooper's  run  church,  and  several 
neighboring  churches  to  which  Mr.  Eastin  preached,  espoused  the  doctrines  of 
Garrard  and  their  ministers.  Every  effort  was  made  to  reclaim  these  individuals 
and  churches.  The  Elkhorn  association  promptly  attended  to  the  case,  but  failing 
to  effect  their  return  to  the  old  paths,  reluctantly  dropped  them  from  connection 
and  correspondence.     It  may  be  recorded  to  the  credit  of  this  association,  and  of 

*  Benedict,  vol.  2,  pp.  230-244.  }  Butler's  Historj'  of  Kentucky,  p.  262, 


THE  BAPTIST   CHURCH  419 

the  Baptists,  that  although  Garrard  and  Eastin  were  much  beloved,  and  of  pow 
erful  influence,  yet  they  could  take  but  a  very  inconsiderable  fraction  with  them, 
which  declined  gradually  and  noiselessly  away.  Unitarianism  could  never  obtain 
favor  with  the  Baptists.* 

About  the  same  time,  in  the  South  District  association,  a  very  popular  minister, 
John  Bayley,  embraced  the  sentiments  of  the  Restorationists.  He  was  generally 
believed  to  be  a  very  pious  man,  and  the  majority  of  the  association  was  devo- 
tedly attached  to  him;  and  insisted,  that  although  he  preached  this  doctrine,  yet 
he  did  it  in  such  a  manner  as  not  to  offend  the  most  delicate  ear.  The  minority, 
however,  thought  differently,  refused  all  fellowship  for  him  and  his  adherents,  and 
claimed  to  be  the  association.  The  neighboring  associations  acknowledged  their 
claim  :  the  other  party  could  not  obtain  any  countenance  from  the  associations 
in  the  General  Union,  and  again  assumed  the  old  name  of  the  South  Kentucky 
association  of  Separate  Baptists. f 

About  1804,  Carter  Tarrant,  David  Barrow,  John  Sutton,  Donald  Holmes,  Ja- 
cob Gregg,  George  Smith,  and  other  ministers  of  less  note,  with  many  of  their 
members,  declared  for  the  abolition  of  slavery;  alledging  that  no  fellowship 
should  be  extended  to  slaveholders,  as  slavery,  in  every  branch  of  it,  both  in 
principle  and  practice,  was  a  sinful  and  abominable  system,  fraught  with  peculiar 
evils  and  miseries,  which  every  good  man  ought  to  abandon  and  bear  testimony 
against.  They  called  themselves  "  Friends  of  Humanity,"  but  are  known  in  the 
records  of  those  times  by  the  name  of  "  Kmancipators."  The  associations 
generally  declared  it  "  improper  for  ministers,  churches,  or  associations  to  meddle 
with  the  emancipation  of  slavery,  or  any  other  political  subject;  and  advised 
them  to  have  nothing  to  do  with  it  in  their  religious  capacity."  These  resolu- 
tions gave  great  offence  to  the  "Friends  of  Humanity ;"  and  they  withdrew  from 
the  General  Union  of  Baptists,  and  in  1807,  formed  an  association  of  their  own, 
called  "The  Baptized  Licking-Locust  Association,  Friends  to  Humanity."  They 
were  quite  numerous  at  first,  but  they  soon  dwindled — consumed  in  the  fires  of 
their  own  zeal.     Not  a  vestige  of  them  remains. :(; 

In  1809,  a  respectable  and  highly  influential  portion  of  the  ministers  and 
churches  of  the  Eikhorn  association  withdrew,  not  only  from  that  body,  but  from 
the  General  Union  of  Baptists  in  the  state,  and  organized  the  "  Licking  Asso- 
ciation OF  Particular  Baptists."  This  schism  had  its  foundation  in  a  personal 
difficulty  between  Jacob  Creath  and  Thomas  Lewis,  about  a  negro  trade !  The 
former  was  pastor,  and  the  latter  a  member  of  the  Town-fork  church,  a  few  miles 
west  of  Lexington.  The  matter  was  not  suffered  to  remain  in  the  church  where 
it  properly  belonged  ;  it  became  a  topic  of  general  conversation,  and  of  the 
printing  press;  other  churches  became  involved  in  it;  it  gathered  other  matters 
in  its  progress ;  when  finally,  it  was  thrust  upon  the  association,  and  schism 
ensued. II 

But  notwithstanding  these  adverse  events,  the  course  of  the  Baptists  was  on- 
ward. They  were  refreshed  with  many  revival  seasons.  In  1812,  they  had  13 
associations,  285  churches,  183  ministers,  and  22,694  members.  The  population 
of  the  state  at  that  time  was  rising  400,000.  So  that  the  proportion  of  the  Bap- 
tists to  that  of  the  inhabitants  was  about  one  to  twenty. § 

During  the  next  twenty  years,  no  event  transpired  among  the  Baptists  deemed 
of  sufficient  consequence  to  claim  a  notice  in  this  brief  sketch,  except  the  schism 
produced  by  what  is  generally  known  as  the  "reformation,"  begun  and  carried 
on  by  Alexander  Campbell.  This  is  not  the  place  nor  the  occasion  to  discuss  the 
principles  involved  in  that  unfortunate  controversy.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  in  1829. 
and  for  several  years  thereafter,  until  1832,  a  great  many  divisions  in  associations 
and  churches  occurred.  But  in  spite  of  all  this,  the  Baptists  stood  firm,  and 
still  retained  their  accustomed  ratio  to  the  population  of  the  state.  In  1832,  after 
this  storm  had  spent  its  fury,  after  the  greatest  secession  from  the  Baptist  ranks 
ever  known  in  their  history  in  Kentucky,  they  had  33  associations,  484  churches, 
236  ordained  ministers,  and  34,124  members.  The  population  of  the  state,  by 
the  census  of  1830,  was  687,917 — so  that  the  Baptists  still  retained  their  propor- 
tion of  about  one  to  twenty  of  the  inhabitants.** 

*  Benedict,  vol.  2,  p.  231.  ||  Benedict,  vol.  2,  p.  'XO-A. 

tllJ.  241.  §  Benedict,  vol.  2.,  p.  545.  and  Bap.  Mem'l.' Feb.  1346,  p.  54. 

t  BapUst  Herald  of  1814,  p.  80.  **  Baptist  Memorial,  ut  supra,  p.  55. 


420  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF 


The  depletion  proved  to  be  sanative  The  increase  of  the  Baptists  since  then 
nas  been  unprecedented.  Disturbed  by  no  serious  discord,  if  we  except  the 
clamor  raised  against  missionary  and  other  benevolent  efforts,  they  have  been 
blessed  with  many  remarkahle  instances  of  divine  favor.  In  the  next  ten  years 
they  had  doubled  their  numbers  !  But  it  is  not  in  this  way  alone  that  they  have 
been  the  most  blessed.  They  have  been  aroused  to  every  good  work.  They  have 
engaged,  with  considerable  zeal,  in  the  cause  of  missions,  foreign  and  domestic. 
They  have  now  a  Genkral  Association,  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  weak  churches, 
and  of  supplying  the  destitute  portions  of  the  state  with  the  gospel.  They  have 
also  a  state  society  for  foreign  missions;  and  a  state  bible  society  for  the  circula- 
of  the  holy  scriptures  in  all  lands.     The  board  of  the  American  Indian 


sion  association  is  located  in  Louisville.  They  have  a  weekly  newspaper  and  a 
monthly  magazine  published  in  the  state.  The  subject  of  education,  too,  has 
engrossed  a  large  share  of  their  attention.  The  Georgetown  college  is  under 
their  patronage,  and  is  one  of  the  most  respectable  and  flourishing  literary  insti- 
tutions in  the  West.  The  Western  Theological  institute  of  the  Baptists  is  situa- 
ted in  Covington.  We  have  not  the  means  of  arriving  at  the  precise  number  of 
Baptists  now  (March  1847),  in  the  state;  but  there  are  in  the  General  Union,  42 
associations,  685  churches,  and  at  least  65,000  members.  To  these  add  the 
7,085  anti-missionary  Baptists,  many  of  whom  claim  to  be  United  Baptists,  and 
differ  from  the  great  body  of  their  brethren  only  in  relation  to  the  propriety  of 
missionary  and  kindred  institutions,  and  we  have  the  present  grand  total  of  the 
Baptists  in  Kentucky,  72,085  members,  which  we  are  sure  falls  under  the  actual 
number.  The  proportion  of  the  Baptists  to  the  population  of  the  state  may  safely 
be  set  down  at  one  to  eleven.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Baptists  have  steadily 
and  rapidly  increased — that  they  have  come  triumphantly  through  every  trial. 
Hitherto  hath  the  Lord  helped  them. 

In  looking  over  the  list  of  the  early  Baptist  ministers,  the  pioneers  of  the  gos- 
pel in  our  state,  we  cannot  choose  one  for  a  biographical  sketch,  agreeably  to  the 
suggestion  of  the  compiler  of  this  work.  Out  of  a  host  equally  deserving,  it 
would  be  invidious  to  make  a  selection.  Besides,  the  brief  space  that  remains 
for  us,  would  not  allow  of  justice  to  any  one  of  them.  We  will  therefore  let  it 
suffice  to  submit  some  characteristic  anecdotes  and  sketches  of  several  of  them. 

William  Hickman,  as  the  first  preacher  in  Kentucky,  claims  of  course,  the 
/irst  attention.  He  commenced  his  ministry  in  this  state.  Then  he  returned  to 
Virginia,  and  for  several  years  labored  there  with  great  success.  In  1784,  he  be- 
came a  permanent  resident  in  the  state.  Here  he  encountered  peculiar  trials. 
The  country  was  sparsely  populated,  while  tribes  of  wandering  savages  were 
i:ontinually  making  depredations  on  the  property  and  lives  of  the  settlers.  But 
Mr.  Hickman  was  not  silent  because  of  danger.  He  traveled  extensively,  and 
even  in  the  most  distant  and  exposed  settlements,  and  at  the  peril  of  his  life,  bore 
the  tidings  of  salvation.  Elder  John  Taylor  said  of  him  in  1822,  "  Though  now 
about  76  years  of  age,  he  walks  and  stands  erect  as  a  palm  tree,  being  at  least 
six  feet  high,  and  of  rather  slender  form.  His  whole  deportment  is  solemn  and 
grave,  and  is  much  like  Caleb,  the  servant  of  the  Lord,  who  at  fourscore  years 
of  age  was  as  capable  to  render  service  in  war,  as  when  young.  This  veteran 
can  yet  perform  a  good  part  in  the  gospel  vineyard.  His  style  of  preaching  is 
plain  and  solemn,  and  the  sound  of  it  like  thunder  in  the  distance;  but  when  he 
becomes  animated,  it  is  like  thunder  at  home,  and  operates  with  prodigious  force 
on  the  consciences  of  his  hearers."  He  was  pastor  a  number  of  years  to  the 
church  at  the  "  Forks  of  Elkhorn."  He  baptised,  it  is  thought,  as  many  persons 
as  any  minister  that  ever  labored  in  the  state. 

Lewis  Crmg  was  the  founder  of  the  first  worshipping  congregation  in  Ken- 
tucky. He  had  been  a  valiant  champion  of  the  cause  in  Virginia.  He  was  sev- 
eral times  imprisoned  in  that  state  for  preaching  the  gospel.  The  first  time,  ho 
was  arrested  in  company  with  several  other  ministers.  The  prosecuting  attorney 
represented  them  to  be  a  great  annoyance  to  the  county  by  their  zeal  as  preachers. 
"  May  it  please  your  worships,"  said  he,  "  they  cannot  meet  a  man  upon  the  road, 
but  they  must  ram  a  text  of  scripture  down  his  throat."  As  they  passed  on  to 
prison,  through  the  streets  of  Fredericksburgh,  they  united  in  singing  the  lines, 
"  Broad  is  the  road  that  leads  to  death,"  (Sic. 


i 


THE  BAPTIST   CHURCH.  421 

They  remained  in  prison  one  month,  and  while  there,  Mr.C.  preached  through  the 
grate  to  large  crowds,  and  was  the  means  of  doing  much  good.  Once  after  this,  he 
was  imprisoned  three  months.  Mr.  Taylor  says  of  him,  "  He  was  in  the  gospel 
ministry  near  sixty  years,  and  was  about  eighty-seven  when  he  gave  up  the  ghost. 
As  an  expositor  of  scripture,  he  was  not  very  skillful,  but  dealt  (dosely  with  the 
heart.  He  was  better  acquainted  with  men  than  with  books.  He  never  dwelt 
much  on  doctrine,  but  most  on  experimental  and  practical  godliness.  Though  he 
was  not  called  a  great  preacher,  perhaps  there  was  never  found  in  Kentucky  so 
great  a  gift  of  exhortation  as  in  Lewis  Craig  :  the  sound  of  his  voice  would  make 
men  tremble  and  rejoice.  The  first  time  1  heard  him  preach,  I  seemed  ti  heat 
the  sound  of  his  voice  for  many  months.  He  was  of  middle  stature,  rather 
stoop  shouldered,  his  hair  black,  thick  set  and  somewhat  curled,  a  pleasant  coun- 
tenance, free  spoken,  and  his  company  very  interesting;  a  great  peace-maker 
among  contending  parties.  He  died  suddenly,  of  which  he  was  forewarned, 
saying,  I  am  going  to  such  a  house  to  die  ;  and  with  solemn  joy  he  went  on  to  the 
house,  and  with  little  pain,  left  the  world." 

John  Taylor  was  well  qualified  to  labor  as  a  pioneer,  having  learned  by  pre- 
vious hazards  in  Virginia,  to  endure  hardness  as  a  good  soldier  of  Jesus  Christ. 
When  first  settled  in  Kentucky,  he  itinerated  for  ten  years  with  much  credit  to 
himself,  and  profit  to  the  cause.  He  had  a  fine  constitution  and  much  bodily 
strength;  was  as  bold  as  a  lion,  yet  meek  as  a  lamb.  In  preaching,  he  attempted 
nothing  but  scriptural  plainness.  The  weapons  of  his  warfare  were  wielded  with 
much  power.  No  man  knew  better  than  he,  how  to  reprove,  rebuke,  and  exhort, 
with  all  long  sufiering  and  doctrine.  When  he  used  the  rod  of  correction,  all 
were  made  to  tremble.  He  was  very  efficient  as  a  preacher.  His  judicious 
zeal,  strong  faith,  and  remarkable  industry,  qualified  him  to  be  useful  to  many 
souls.  He  was  always  cheerful,  yet  solemn,  and  willing  to  preach  when  reques- 
ted. His  whole  demeanor,  at  home  and  abroad,  was  uniformly  Christian-like 
The  labors  of  his  ministry  extended  from  the  Kentucky  to  the  Ohio  river.  It 
was  his  custom  to  visit  six  or  eight  associations  every  year.  His  great  skill  in 
discipline  and  faithfulness  in  preaching  endeared  him  to  all  the  followers  of 
Christ.  He  lived  to  see  his  children  and  his  children's  children  rise  up  and  call 
him  blessed.     He  died  in  his  82d  year.* 

John  Gano  settled  in  Kentucky  in  1788.  He  was  one  of  the  most  eminent 
ministers  in  his  day.  He  was  a  native  of  New  .Jersey.  He  spent  many  years 
as  an  itinerant,  traveling  over  the  United  Slates,  from  New  England  to  Georgia. 
He  was  pastor  for  about  twenty-five  years  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  his  la- 
bors were  greatly  blessed.  During  the  revolutionary  war,  he  was  chaplain  to  the 
army,  and  by  his  counsels  and  prayers  greatly  encouraged  the  American  soldiery 
in  those  times  of  peril  which  tried  metCs  souls.  Many  interesting  anecdotes  are 
related  of  him,  several  of  which  we  will  quote  from  Benedict.  One  morning, 
while  in  the  army  and  on  his  way  to  pray  with  the  regiment,  he  passed  by  a 
group  of  officers,  one  of  whom  (who  had  his  back  towards  him)  was  uttering  his 
profane  expressions  in  a  most  rapid  manner.  The  officers,  one  after  another, 
gave  him  the  usual  salutation.  "Good  morning.  Doctor,"  said  the  swearing 
Lieutenant.  "  Good  morning,  sir,"  replied  the  chaplain  ;  "  you  pray  early  this 
morning."  "  1  beg  your  pardon,  sir."  "  O,  I  cannot  pardon  you :  carry  youi 
case  to  your  God." 

One  day  he  was  standing  near  some  soldiers  who  were  disputing  whose  turn 

it  was  to  cut  some  wood  for  the  fire.     One  profanely  said,  he  would  be  d d 

if  he  cut  it.  But  he  was  soon  afterwards  convinced  that  the  task  belonged  to 
him,  and  took  up  the  axe  to  perform  it.  Before,  however,  he  could  commence, 
Mr.  Gano  stepped  up  and  asked  for  the  axe.  "  O  !  no,"  said  the  soldier,  "  the 
chaplain  shan't  cut  wood."  "  Yes,"  replied  .Mr.  Gano,  "  I  must."  "  But  why'" 
asked  the  soldier.  "  The  reason  is,"  answered  Mr.  G.,  "I  just  heard  you  say  that 

you  would  be  d d  if  you  cut  it,  and  I  had  much  rather  take  the  labor  oflf  your 

hands,  than  that  you  should  be  made  miserable  forever." 

While  he  resided  in  New  York,  he  was  introduced  to  a  young  lady  as  the 

•Lives  of  Virginia  Baptist  Ministers,  p.  220. 


422  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF 

daughter  of  a  very  prominent  citizen.  "Ah  !  "  replied  he.  "  and  I  can  tell  a  good 
match  for  her,  and  he  is  an  only  son."  The  young  lady  understood  his  meaning; 
she  was,  not  long  after,  united  to  this  Son,  and  has,  for  about  forty  years,  been 
an  ornament  to  his  cause. 

Dr.  Furman,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  who  knew  him  intimately,  says  :  "As 
a  minister  of  Christ,  he  shone  like  a  star  of  the  first  magnitude  in  the  American 
churches,  and  moved  in  a  widely  extended  field  of  action.  For  this  office,  God 
had  endowed  him  with  a  large  portion  of  grace,  and  with  excellent  gifts.  He 
believed,  and  therefore  spake."  Having  discerned  the  excellence  of  gospel  truths, 
and  the  importance  of  eternal  realities,  he  felt  their  power  on  his  own  soul,  and 
accordingly  he  inculcated  and  urged  them  on  the  minds  of  his  hearers  with  per- 
suasive eloquence  and  force.  He  was  not  deficient  in  doctrinal  discussion  or 
what  rhetoricians  style  the  demonstrative  character  of  a  discourse ;  but  he  ex- 
celled in  the  pathetic — in  pungent,  forcible  addresses  to  the  heart  and  conscience. 
The  careless  and  irreverent  were  suddenly  arrested,  and  stood  awed  before  him, 
and  the  insensible  were  made  to  feel.  *  *  *  *  He  lived  to  a  good  old  age; 
served  his  generation  according  to  the  will  of  God  ;  saw  his  posterity  multiply- 
ing around  him  ;  his  country  independent,  free,  and  happy  ;  the  church  of  Christ, 
for  which  he  felt  and  labored,  advancing;  and  thus  he  closed  his  eyes  in  peace ; 
his  heart  expanding  with  the  sublime  hope  of  immortality  and  heavenly  bliss. 
Like  John,  the  harbinger  of  our  Redeemer,  "  he  was  a  burning  and  a  shining 
light,  and  many  rejoiced  in  his  light."  Resembling  the  sun,  he  arose  in  the 
church  with  morning  brightness,  advanced  regularly  to  his  station  of  meridian 
splendor,  and  then  gently  declined  with  mild  effulgence,  till  he  disappeared, 
without  a  cloud  to  intercept  his  rays,  or  obscure  his  glory." 

Such  were  some  of  the  early  ministers  of  Kentucky.  They  are  but  examples 
of  the  dispositions,  and  talents,  and  high  moral  worth  of  their  companions  and 
compeers,  a  sketch  of  whom  we  must  omit,  and  who  aided  these  to  unfurl  the  ban- 
ner of  the  cross  in  the  valley  of  the  Kentucky,  and  to  maintain  it  against  every 
danger  and  privation.  The  Christians  of  this  State  may  as  proudly  refer  to  their 
ancestors,  in  all  that  i»  noble  and  elevating  in  man,  as  may  the  politician.  If 
theirs  were  mighty  in  battle  and  wise  in  counsel,  ours  were  no  less  so,  and  in  a 
nobler  sense,  because  in  a  higher  and  holier  enterprise. 

The  foregoing  Sketch  of  the  Baptist  Church  was  written  for  the  original  edi- 
tion of  this  work,  in  1847,  by  the  late  Rev.  John  L.  Waller,  D.D.  We  prefer 
to  re-print  it  without  alteration. 

The  following  table  shows  the  steady  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  United 
Baptist  church  in  Kentucky,  during  the  eighty  years,  from  1790  to  1870: 

Ordaincl  Biirtisms  iliiiins  Wliole  No. 

Tears.         Associations.  Churches.  Miuisteis.  one  year  previous.  ol'  Members. 

1790 3 42 42 .3,105 

1812 13 285 183 22,694 

1832 33 484 236 34,124 

1840 about  42,000 

1847 42 685 "      65,000 

1850 40 713 3.54 3,835 62,589 

1860 40 845 372 5,136 81,262 

1870 47 1,023 597 8,.500 115,034 

Of  the  members  reported  in  1870,  85,637  are  whites  and  29,387  colored. 
Soon  after  the  slaves  were  set  free  by  the  operation  of  the  amendment  to  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  "they  very  generally  withdrew  from  the 
white  churches  and  organized  churches  of  their  own.  They  have  a  General 
Association,  which  held  its  third  anniversary  in  August,  1871;  and  then  in- 
cluded 67  churches,  and  over  24,000  members,  and  reported  over  1700  baj)- 
tisms  during  the  year  previous.  A  good  many  churches  of  colored  communi- 
cants have  not  yet  come  into  this  General  Association,  and  some  colored  per 
sons  still  retain  their  membership  in  the  old  churches. 


THE   BAPTIST  CHURCH.  423 

The  denomination  in  Kentucky  remained  undivided  durinf;  tlie  civil  war, 
and  was  nevei-  in  a  more  licaltliy  condition  or  increasing  more  steadily  in 
members  and  influence  tlian  in  January,  1872.  It  will  be  seen  that  the 
membership  growth  of  the  church,  however,  has  not  quite  kept  pace  with  the 
population.  In  1790  there  was  one  Baptist  to  about  every  23  inhabitants,  in 
1812  and  1S32  about  one  in  twenty,  in  1840  a  little  more  than  one  in  eighteen, 
in  1850  one  to  less  than  sixteen  inhabitants,  in  1860  one  to  a  little  over 
fourteen,  and  in  1870  not  quite  one  to  every  twelve.  It  should  be  remem- 
bered, however,  that  this  does  not  include  the  anti-missionary  Baptists,  nor 
that  larae  and  influential  denomination  which  went  out  from  the  Baptists 
since  1832,  known  formerly  as  the  "  Reformation,"  and  now  as  the 
Christian. 

It  appears  from  the  census  report  of  1860,  gathered  by  the  marshals,  that  at 
that  time  there  were  788  Baptist  churches  in  the  state,  (not  counting  those 
where  a  church  building  was  used  in  connection  with  other  denominations, 
and  therefore  called  "Union,")  and  in  the  whole  United  States,  12,150.  That 
the  aggresate  accommodations  for  worshipers,  or  sittings,  in  Baptist  churches 
was  267,860  in  Kentucky,  and  in  the  United  States  4,044,218.  That  the 
aggregate  valuation  of  these  788  churches  was  $880,530,  and  that  of  all  the 
Baptist  churches  in  the  United  States  $21,079,114.  It  further  appears  that 
in  the  total  number  of  churches,  and  of  church  sittings  or  accommodations 
for  hearers,  and  in  the  aggregate  value  of  church  property,  in  Kentucky,  the 
Baptists  lead  all  other  denominations.  The  census  returns  for  1870  are  not 
yet  (Jan.,  1872)  published,  but  there  is  probably  no  change  in  the  relative 
strength  of  the  church,  in  the  particulars  just  named. 

There  are  two  flourishing  colleges  sustained  by  the  denomination  in 
Kentucky;  one  at  Georgetown,  with  an  endowment  and  property  value  of 
$250,000,  an  able  faculty  with  Rev.  Bazil  Manly,  D.D.,  as  president,  over  100 
students,  and  a  Theological  department;  the  other  at  Russellville,  with  Rev.  J. 
K.  Davis,  D.D.,  as  president,  an  endowment  and  property  of  $200,000,  about 
100  students,  and  with  a  Theological  department  also.  There  are  four  or  five 
academies  and  some  fifteen  female  seminaries,  supported  by  the  Baptists  in 
different  parts  of  the  State.  In  periodical  literature,  they  have  a  weekly 
paper,  "The  Western  Recorder,"  with  a  circulation  of  some  6,000,  and  a 
monthly — both  edited  and  published  by  Messrs.  ^Vorrell  &  Caperton,  at 
Louisville,  Ky. 

Of  the  "  Liberal  Baptists"  or  "General  Baptists,"  there  are  three  associa- 
tions in  Kentucky — the  Cumberland,  which  in  1868  reported  348  members, 
the  Union  reporting  612  members,  and  from  the  third  there  was  no  report. 
These  generally  agree  with  the  "  Free-will  Baptists,"  who  are  Armenians  in 
theology,  and  open-communionists,  while  the  United  or  Regular  Baptists  are 
Calvinists  and  close-comraunionists. 

The  "Baptist  Orphans'  Home,"  in  Louisville,  was  established  in  June,  1869. 
It  appealed  so  touchingly  to  the  generosity  of  the  denomination,  that  already 
a  building  has  been  erected,  large  enough  to  accommodate  80  children, 
and  furnished  in  the  best  manner.  Up  to  Nov.  1871,  76  orphan  children  had 
been  admitted,  of  whom  some  were  adopted  into  Christian  families ;  others 
found  good  homes.  There  remained  46,  all  well  cared  for,  in  food,  clothing, 
education,  and  religious  instruction.  The  cost  of  sustaining  the  "Home"  is 
$500  per  month,  or  $6,000  per  year  — or  $130  per  child.  One  Baptist  lady 
donated  the  lot,  200  feet  square,  and  $5,000  cash ;  and  two  other  ladies  $2,500 
each,  and  others  contributed  $10,000  more,  toward  the  building.  Like  Chris- 
tian liberality  will  make  this  one  of  the  best  sustained  and  most  useful,  as  it 
is  one  of  the  noblest  charities  in  the  State. 

Rev.  John  Lightfoot  Wau.ee,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Woodford  county,  Ky., 
Nov.  23,  1809,  and  died  in  Louisville,  Oct.  10,  1854.  His  education  was 
obtained  mainly  at  home.  At  the  age  of  19,  and  for  seven  years,  from  1828  to 
1835,  he  taught  school  in  Jessamine  county.  He  then  became  editor  of  the 
"Baptist   Banner,"    at  Shelbyville;    and   when    the  "  Baptist,"  of  Nashville, 


424  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF 

Tenn.,  and  the  "Western  Pioneer,"  of  Alton,  111,  were  merged  in  it,  and  the 
name  changed  to  "Baptist  Banner  and  Western  Pioneer,"  he  continued  the 
editor,  in  conjunction  with  the  Rev.  Drs.  Howell  and  Peck.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  ministry  in  1840;  resigned  his  editorship  in  1841,  to  accept  the  general 
agency  of  the  Kentucky  Baptist  general  association;  succeeded  his  father  in 
1843,  as  pastor  of  the" Glen's  Creek  church,  for  nine  years.  In  1S45  he 
commenced  the  publication  of  the  "  Western  Baptist  Review,"  monthly,  which 
he  continued  until  his  death  —  changing  the  title  in  1849  to  the  "Christian 
Repository,"  and  in  1850  resuming  his  editorial  charge  of  the  "Banner  and 
Pioneer."  He  was  instrumental  in'organizing  the  Bible  Revision  Association, 
with  headquarters  at  Louisville— in  which  the  Baptists  in  the  southern  and 
south-western  states  united.  In  1852,  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Madison  University.  In  1849 — his  only  opportunity  for  poli- 
tical or  state  position  or  ofBce,  as  the  state  constitution  prohibited  minis- 
ters of  the  gospel  from  a  seat  in  the  legislature,  etc. — he  was  a  candidate 
in  Woodford  county,  for  the  convention  to  revise  or  reform  the  State  consti- 
tution, and  elected  by  219  majority  over  Thomas  F.  Marshall,  the  popular 
orator,  who  espoused  the  gradual  emancipation  side.  Dr.  Waller  was  famous 
and  popular  as  a  controversialist.  In  1842-3,  he  held  public  debates  on 
baptism,  with  Rev.  Nathan  L.  Rice,  D.D.,  one  at  Georgetown  and  the  other  at 
Nicholasville ;  with  Rev.  John  T.  Hendrick,  D.D.,  at  Flemingsburg,  and  at 
Maysville,  with  Rev.  Robert  C.  Grundy,  D.D.  He  subsequently  debated  on 
Universalism,  at  Warsaw,  Ky.,  with  Rev.  B.  M.  Pingree,  of  Cincinnati;  this 
debate  had  a  fine  influence  on  the  community.  He  also  published  several 
controversial  works — one  on  "Communion,"  and  another  on  "Campbellism," 
and  left  the  manuscript  of  a  history  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  Kentucky,  but 
it  has  never  been  published. 

Rev.  Duncan  R.  Campbell,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  by  birth  a  Scotchman,  of 
eminently  pious  parentage;  and  educated  at  the  universities  of  Edinburgh 
and  Glasgow,  spending  four  years  at  each.  He  was  first  settled  over  a 
Presbyterian  congregation  in  London,  where  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed. 
About  1845,  he  came  to  the  United  States  on  a  visit;  and  soon  after  joined  the 
Baptist  Church,  and  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Jeter,  D.D.,  of  Richmond. 
Va.  He  preached  and  taught  school  for  several  years  in  Mississippi ;  then 
became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Frankfort,  Ky.,  and  afterward,  for 
several  years,  was  professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  Western  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  at  Covington.  In  1852,  he  was  called  to  the  presidency  of  George- 
town college,  which  position  he  filled  most  honorably  and  acceptably  until  his 
death  in  July,  1864 — aged  47.  By  his  untiring  energy,  extraordinary  business 
tact,  and  popular  manners,  he  raised  a  large  endowment — placing  the  institu- 
tion upon  a  solid  basis  financially,  and  making  it  more  than  ever  worthy  of 
confidence  and  support.  Dr.  Campbell's  remarkable  exertions  were  too  great 
a  strain  upon  him,  and  prematurely  sapped  his  powerful  physical  constitution. 
Few  men  have  possessed  the  singular  combination  of  talent  that  made  him  so 
eminent  as  a  scholar,  college  president,  and  preacher  of  the  gospel. 


HISTOEICAL  SKETCH 

OF  THE 

CHRISTIAN    CHURCH 


The  religious  denomination  eai'liest  and  most  generally  called  "  Christian,'' 
throughout  the  United  States  (except  in  the  middle  West) — although  it  grew 
rapidly  and  took  a  prominent  and  somewhat  important  part,  in  the  religious 
discussions  and  dissensions  in  Kentucky,  in  the  early  part  of  this  century — 
had,  in  1874,  scarcely  a  foothold  in  the  state.  It  still  has  considerable  strength 
and  influence  in  southern  Oliio,  with  Antioch  college  as  its  educational  cen- 
ter. In  1859,  it  had  more  than  60  conferences  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  about  1,500  ministers  and  250,000  communicants.  Without  intend- 
ing the  slightest  disrespect,  it  may  be  proper  to  state  that,  in  Ohio,  where 
they  extensively  co-exist,  this  body  is  familiarly  called  "  New  Light  Chris- 
tians," to  distinguish  it  from  the  more  recent  and  more  flourishing  denomin- 
ation familiarly  called  "  Campbellite  Christians,"  or  "  Campbellites,"  out  of 
respect  to  the  ablest  and  boldest  expounder  of  their  views.  It  is  of  the  latter 
denomination  that  this  sketch  is  designed  to  preserve  some  account — which, 
in  its  rise,  was  called  "Reformed  Baptist,"  or  "Reformed,"  hut  in  northern 
Kentucky  now  prefers  to  be  called  "  The  Christian  Church,"  and,  in  southern 
and  southwestern  Kentucky,  "  The  Church  of  the  Disciples  of  Christ." 

The  Author  feels  it  due  to  himself  to  say  that  he  has  applied  in  vain  to  one 
editor,  to  several  of  the  leading  and  most  esteemed  ministers,  and  to  a  num- 
ber of  intelligent  laymen,  for  information  of  the  church  in  Kentucky,  its 
present  strength  and  comparative  growth.  The  very  independence  of  the 
individual  churches  seems  to  be  the  secret  of  this  general  ignorance  of  the 
number  of  their  ministers,  churches,  and  communicants.  There  is  no  such 
co-operative  system  as,  in  most  other  churches,  brings  together  the  statistics 
of  the  church — and  thus  gives  to  the  world  the  most  unmistakable  evidence 
of  strength  and  power. 

[The  following  was  wiitten  iu  Dec,  181fi,  by  Elder  James  Shannon  :] 
At  a  general  meeting  of  the  Christian  Churches  in  Kentucky,  held  in  May, 
1844,  atHarrodsburg,  an  agent  was  appointed  to  visit  the  churches  and  gather 
its  statistics.     He  made  this  report : 

"I  find  in  the  state  380  congregations,  with  an  aggregate  number  of  33,830 
members ;  average  number  83  and  a  fraction. 

"  Number  of  additions  reported  for  twelve  months  prior  to  receiving  the  report 
from  each  church,  3,678  ;  number  since  reported,  206  ;  total  number  of  additions 
reported,  3,884.  It  must  be  remarked,  however,  that  these  additions  go  back  as 
far  as  June  1st,  1843  ;  yet,  as  the  report  is  for  12  months  prior  to  collecting  the 
items  from  each  church,  my  returns,  with  the  exception  of  the  206,  show  but  the 
increase  for  one  year.  It  must  also  be  remarked,  that  many  of  the  churches  report 
no  increase  at  all,  owing  mainly  to  the  fact,  that  the  information  was  collected 
from  individuals  unacquainted  with  this  item.  I  have  no  doubt,  could  the  in- 
crease have  been  obtained  from  all  the  churches,  it  would  exceed  four  thousand. 

"  Number  of  elders  reported,  666;  number  of  deacons,  676;  number  of  preach- 
ers, evangelist  and  local,  195. 

"  Of  the  380  churches,  163  meet  for  worship  every  Lord's  day ;  and,  in  many 
places,  three  times  on  Lord's  day,  and  several  times  through  the  week;  68  meet 
semi-monthly,  6  tri-monthly,  92  monthly,  and  51  did  not  report  this  item.  A 
large  majority  of  those  that  meet  monthly  and  semi-monthly,  would  meet  every 
Lord's  day,  but  are  prevented  in  consequence  of  holding  houses  of  worship  in 
partnership  with  others. 

"  I  deem  it  important  to  state,  that  136  of  these  churches  have  been  organized 
within  the  last  four  and  a  half  years." 

As  the  average  time  that  has  elapsed,  since  the  foregoing  information  was  col- 
lected, exceeds  two  years,  a  moderate  estimate  of  the  increase  to  the  present 

(425) 


426  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF 

date  (Dec.  1846),  will  give  an  aggregate  number  of  41,186.  This  calculation  is 
based  upon  the  hypothesis,  that  the  annual  increase  for  the  last  two  years  has 
barely  equalled  the  ascertained  increase  for  twelve  months  prior  to  the  collection 
of  the  statistics  embodied  in  the  report.  It  is  confidently  believed  that  this  esti- 
mate falls  considerably  below  the  truth. 

The  churches  aforesaid  are  unanimous  in  repudiating  human  creeds  and  un- 
scriptural  names;  believing  that  the  Bible  is  ordained  of  God  to  be  the  only 
authoritative,  as  it  is  the  only  infallible  rule  of  faith  and  practice ;  and  that  all 
unscriptural  names,  and  all  ecclesiastical  organizations,  not  established  by  the 
inspired  Apostles,  are  unlawful,  and,  in  their  very  nature,  sectarian  and  divisive. 

Influenced  by  these  views,  they  call  themselves  Christians,  or  Disciples  of 
Christ,  and  feel  religiously  bound  to  repudiate  all  names,  that  are  not  applied  in 
the  New  Testament  to  those,  who  "  have  been  baptized  into  Christ,"  and  have 
thus  "put  on  Christ."  To  believe  what  God  says,  and  to  do  what  he  commands, 
they  regard  as  the  sum  total  of  human  duty ;  nor  do  they  believe  that  any  man 
is  authorized  to  hope  for  an  admission  into  the  everlasting  kingdom  of  our  Lord 
and  Savior  Jesus  Christ,  except  as  he  is  using  his  best  powers,  day  by  day,  to 
purify  himself  from  all  filthiness  of  the  flesh  and  spirit,  and  to  perfect  holiness 
in  the  fear  of  God.  When  the  believer  obeys  God's  commands,  then,  but  not 
till  then,  do  they  conceive,  that  he  has  a  right  to  appropriate  God's  promises. 
Consequently,  when  the  penitent  believer  confesses  Christ  before  men,  and  from 
the  heart  bows  to  his  authority,  being  baptized  in  obedience  to  his  command,  he 
has  a  right  to  appropriate  to  himself  all  those  promises  that  are  made  to  baptized 
believers  as  such ;  but  he  has,  even  then,  no  right  to  hope  for  a  continuance  of 
the  divine  favor,  except  so  far  as  he  makes  it  the  business  of  his  life  to  know  the 
will  of  God,  and  to  do  that  will  in  all  things. 

For  all  purposes  of  discipline  and  government,  they  regard  the  individual 
church  as  the  highest,  and  indeed  the  only  ecclesiastical  organization  recognized 
in  the  New  Testament.  "  As  for  associations,  conferences,  conventions,  &c., 
presuming  to  act  under  the  sanctions  of  a  divine  warrant,  or  claiming  to  be  a 
court  of  Jesus  Christ,  or  to  decide  on  any  matters  of  conscience,  or  to  do  any  act 
or  deed  interfering  with,  or  in  opposition  to,  the  perfect  independenc  of  each  indi- 
vidual congregation,  or  at  all  legislating  for  the  churches  in  any  district  of  the 
country," — they  regard  it  as  "altogether  foreign  to  the  letter  and  spirit — to  the 
precepts  and  examples — to  the  law  and  to  the  testimony  of  the  Christian  books." 
One  and  all,  they  profess  to  be  engaged  in  persevering  efforts  for  the  union  of 
all  saints,  by  the  restoration  of  unsectarian  Christianity  in  faith  and  practice,  as 
it  is  found,  pure  and  unpolluted,  on  the  pages  of  the  New  Testament. 

Among  the  host  of  worthies,  living  and  dead,  who  have  co-operated  hitherto 
in  this  grand  enterprise,  the  name  of  Alexander  Campbell  stands  deservedly 
pre-eminent.  Others  may  have  preceded  him,  and  no  doubt  did,  in  repudiating 
human  creeds  and  adopting  the  bible  as  the  only  and  all-sufficient  rule  of 
faith  and  practice ;  of  union,  communion,  and  co-operation  among  the  fol- 
lowers of  the  Lamb.  Others  may  have  been  more  successful,  and  no  doubt 
were,  as  proclaimers  of  the  Gospel,  in  making  proselytes  to  the  cause,  and  add- 
ing members  to  the  various  churches.  But,  as  a  master  spirit,  exciting  investi- 
gation, overturning  antiquated  prejudices,  enlightening  the  master  spirits  of  the 
age,  and  setting  them  to  work,  each  in  his  own  sphere,  it  is  the  deliberate  opinion 
of  a  mighty  host,  that,  in  the  current  reformation  of  the  nineteenth  century,  Al- 
exander Campbell  has  no  equal.  On  this  subject  the  venerable  and  beloved 
Barton  W.  Stone,  in  1843,  and  shortly  before  his  death,  remarks — "I  will  not 
say  there  are  no  faults  in  brother  Campbell  ;  but  that  there  are  fewer,  perhaps, 
in  him,  than  any  man  I  know  on  earth ;  and  over  these  few  my  love  would  draw 
a  veil,  and  hide  them  from  view  forever.  I  am  constrained,  and  willingly  con- 
strained to  acknowledge  him  the  greatest  promoter  of  this  reformation  of  any  man 
living.     The  Lord  reward  him  !" 

The  writer  of  this  article  applied  to  President  Campbell  for  facts  and  docu- 
ments, that  might  furnish  the  basis  of  a  short  biographical  sketch,  and  received 
for  reply  the  following  information — "  Averse  to  autobiography,  and  to  giving  a 
man's  biography  while  living,  I  have  left  the  task  for  one  who  may  survive  me." 

A  few  leading  facts,  however,  may  be  noted  for  the  information  of  the  reader. 
Alexander  Campbell  was  born,  about  the  year  1787  or  8,  in  the  county  of  Down 


J 


THE  CHRISTIAN   CHURCH.  427 

in  tlie  north  of  Ireland,  where  he  spent  the  first  fourteen  years  of  his  life,  and 
was  then  removed  to  Scotland,  the  land  of  his  fathers,  to  complete  his  education 
for  the  Presbyterian  ministry.  In  1809  he  came  to  America  with  his  father,  El- 
der Thomas  Campbell,  who  is  still  living.  Naturally  of  an  independent  and 
investigating  mind,  he  soon  became  convinced  that  infant  sprinkling  is  unscrip- 
tural,  and  was  forthwith  baptized  upon  a  profession  of  his  faith.  Prosecuting 
his  inquiries  still  farther,  he  soon  discovered  that  he  had  imbibed  many  other 
doctrines  unauthorised  by  the  Scriptures,  and  contrary  to  them.  All  such  he 
relinquished  without  delay,  having  nobly  resolved,  that  he  would  sacrifice  every 
thing  for  the  truth,  but  the  truth  for  nothing. 

In  allusion  to  this  part  of  his  life,  he  remarks,  in  the  conclusion  of  the  Chris- 
tian Baptist — "Having  been  educated  as  Presbyterian  clergymen  generally  are, 
and  looking  forward  to  the  ministry  as  both  an  honorable  and  useful  calling,  all 
my  expectations  and.  prospects  in  future  life  were,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  iden- 
tified with  the  office  of  the  ministry.  But  scarcely  had  I  begun  to  make  sermons, 
when  I  discovered  that  the  religion  of  the  New  Testament  was  one  thing,  and 
thatof  any  sect  which  I  knew  was  another.  I  could  not  proceed.  An  unsuccessful 
eflbrt  by  my  father  to  reform  the  presbytery  and  synod  to  which  he  belonged,  made 
me  despair  of  reformation.  I  gave  it  up  as  a  hopeless  effort,  but  did  not  give  up 
speaking  in  public  assemblies  upon  the  great  articles  of  Christian  faith  and 
practice.  In  the  hope,  the  humble  hope,  of  erecting  a  single  congregation,  with 
which  I  could  enjoy  the  social  institutions,  I  labored.  I  had  not  the  remotest  idea 
of  being  able  to  do  more  than  this  ;  and,  therefore,  betook  myself  to  the  occupa- 
tion of  a  farmer,  and  for  a  number  of  years  attended  to  this  profession  for  a  sub- 
sistence, and  labored  every  Lord's  day  to  separate  the  truth  from  the  traditions  of 
men,  and  to  persuade  men  to  give  up  their  fables  for  the  truth — with  but  little 
success  I  labored." 

In  1816  he  was  urged  by  some  of  the  most  influential  Baptists  in  New  York 
and  Philadelphia,  to  settle  in  one  of  those  cities,  but  declined — alledging  in  justi- 
fication of  his  course,  that  he  did  not  think  the  church  in  either  city  would  sub- 
mit to  the  primitive  order  of  things;  and  rather  than  produce  divisions  among 
them,  or  adopt  their  order,  he  "  would  live  and  die  in  the  backwoods." 

In  August  1823,  soon  after  the  Debate  with  MacCalla,  he  commenced  the  pub- 
lication of  the  "Christian  Baptist,"  a  monthly  pamphlet,  the  design  of  which 
was  "  to  restore  a  pure  speech  to  the  people  of  God — to  restore  the  ancient  order 
of  things  in  the  Christian  kingdom — to  emancipate  the  conscience  from  the  do- 
minion of  human  authority  in  matters  of  religion — and  to  lay  a  foundation — an 
imperishable  foundation,  for  the  union  of  all  Christians,  and  for  their  co-operation 
in  spreading  the  glorious  gospel  throughout  the  world." 

In  the  debate  aforesaid,  Mr.  Campbell  contended  that  "  baptism  was  a  divine 
institution,  designed  for  putting  the  legitimate  subject  of  it  in  actual  possession 
of  the  remission  of  his  sins."  In  .lanuary  1828,  he  remarks,  "  It  was  with  much 
hesitation  I  presented  this  view  of  the  subject  at  that  time,  because  of  its  perfect 
novelty.  I  was  then  assured  of  its  truth,  and,  I  think,  presented  sufficient  evi- 
dence of  its  certainty.  But  having  thought  still  more  closely  upon  the  subject, 
and  having  been  necessarily  called  to  consider  it  more  fully,  as  an  essential  part 
of  the  Christian  religion,  I  am  still  better  prepared  to  develop  its  import." 

From  the  time  of  the  dehMe,  baptism  for  the  remission  of  sins  seems  to  have 
been  but  little  agitated,  if  at  all  publicly,  till  18-37.  In  that  year  Walter  Scott 
and  John  Secrest  began  to  preach  in  the  bounds  of  the  Mahoning  association, 
Ohio,  the  apostolic  doctrine  of  remission,  recorded  in  Acts  2d,  38.  The  effect 
was  astounding  to  the  advocates  of  the  worn-out  and  powerless  systems  of  human 
origin.  During  the  last  six  months  of  the  year.  Elder  Secrest  immersed  with 
his  own  hands  for  the  remission  of  sins,  "  five  hundred  and  thirty  persons." 

The  writer  has  not  the  means  of  ascertaining  exactly  how  many  were  im- 
mersed during  the  year  by  the  pious,  indefatigable,  and  talented  Walter  Scott. 
It  is  certain,  however,  that  he  converted  and  baptized  a  mighty  host — more,  per- 
haps, than  any  other  uninspired  man  ever  did  in  the  same  length  of  time. 

The  Mahoning  association,  at  their  meeting  of  that  year,  determined  to  em- 
ploy Brother  Scott  for  the  whole  of  his  time  the  next  twelve  months,  preaching 
and  teaching  in  the  bounds  of  the  association.  This  appointment  was  highly 
commended  by  Bro.  Campbell  in  the  "  Christian  Baptist"  for  October  following, 


428  HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF 

The  editor  remarks,  "  Brother  Walter  Scott,  who  is  now  in  the  field,  accepted 
of  the  appointment ;  and  few  men  on  this  continent  understand  the  ancient  order 
of  things  better  than  he.     His  whole  soul  is  in  the  work." 

The  results  of  this  appointment,  and  the  success  of  the  pleadings  for  the  ancient 
gospel  were  everywhere  triumphant.  Soon  a  host  of  able  advocates  in  various 
parts  embraced  the  same  views,  and  began  to  propagate  them  with  zeal  and  suc- 
cess— especially  in  Kentucky  and  Ohio.  The  clergy  became  alarmed.  The 
work  of  proscription  and  anathema  commenced ;  and,  in  a  short  time,  the  advo- 
cates of  the  same  gospel  that  was  preached  by  Peter  on  the  day  of  Pentecost, 
and  by  all  the  apostles,  were  driven  out  of  the  Baptist  communion,  and  reluc- 
tantly compelled  to  establish  separate  churches,  that  they  might  enjoy  the  lib- 
erty wherewith  Christ  had  made  them  free.  Sons,  whilst  they  read  the  record, 
in  a  more  enlightened  and  Christian  age,  will  blush  for  the  bigotry  and  intoler- 
ance of  their  sires. 

At  the  completion  of  the  7th  volume  of  the  Christian  Baptist,  in  1830,  the  Ed- 
itor thus  writes — "  I  had  but  very  humble  hopes,  I  can  assure  the  public,  the  day 
I  wrote  the  first  essay,  or  the  preface  for  this  work,  that  I  could  at  all  succeed  in 
gaining  a  patient  hearing.  But  I  have  been  entirely  disappointed.  The  success 
attendant  on  this  effort  has  produced  a  hope,  which  once  I  dared  not  entertain, 
that  a  blissful  revolution  can  be  effected.  It  has  actually  begun,  and  such  a  one 
as  cannot  fail  to  produce  a  state  of  society,  far  surpassing,  in  the  fruits  of  right- 
eousness, and  peace,  and  joy,  any  result  of  any  religious  revolution,  since  the 
great  apostacy  from  Christian  institutions." 

In  1830,  the  Millennial  Harbinger  was  begun,  and  has  continued  to  be  issued 
monthly  down  to  the  present  time.  These  periodicals,  aided  by  several  others, 
snd  by  a  numerous  host  of  zealous  and  indefatigable  advocates,  have  spread  the 
principles  of  this  reformation  with  a  rapidity  that  has  perhaps  no  parallel  in  the 
history  of  the  world,  except  the  progress  of  primitive  Christianity  in  the  times 
of  the  apostles.  Already  do  the  "Christian  Churches"  in  these  United  States 
number,  as  it  is  confidently  believed,  more  than  200,000  members ;  and  the 
cause  is  successfully  pleaded,  not  merely  in  the  Canadas,  in  England,  Scotland, 
and  Wales,  but  also  in  almost  every  part  of  the  civilized  world. 

While  A.  Campbell  was  thus  laboring  in  the  western  part  of  Virginia,  and 
even  before  he  made  his  appearance  on  the  public  stage,  another  distinguished 
actor,  impelled  by  a  kindred  spirit,  was  shaking  time-honored  religious  systems 
to  their  very  center  in  the  heart  of  Kentucky.  I  mean  that  much  calumniated, 
but  great  and  good  man 

BARTON    WARREN    STONE. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Maryland  on  the  24th  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1772.  His  father  dying  while  he  was  very  young,  his  mother  in  1779,  with 
a  large  family  of  children  and  servants,  moved  into  what  was  then  called  the 
backwoods  of  Virginia — Pittsylvania  county,  near  Dan  river.  Here  he  went  to 
school  for  four  or  five  years  to  an  Englishman,  named  Sommerhays,  and  was  by 
him  pronounced  a  finished  scholar.  In  February,  1790,  he  entered  a  noted  acad- 
emy in  Guilford,  North  Carolina,  under  the  care  of  Dr.  David  Caldwell,  deter- 
mined, as  he  himself  says,  to  "  acquire  an  education,  or  die  in  the  attempt."  His 
design  at  that  lime  was  to  qualify  himself  for  a  barrister. 

When  he  first  entered  the  academy,  about  thirty  or  more  of  the  students  had 
embraced  religion  under  the  labors  of  James  McGready,  a  Presbyterian  preacher 
of  great  popularity  and  zeal.  In  about  a  year  from  this  time,  after  a  long  and 
painful  "  experience"  he  became  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  turned 
his  thoughts  to  the  ministry. 

In  1793,  at  the  close  of  his  academic  course,  he  commenced  the  study  of  di- 
vinity under  the  direction  of  Wm.  Hodge,  of  Orange  county.  North  Carolina. 
Here  Witsius  on  the  Trinity  was  put  into  his  hands.  The  metaphysical  reason- 
ings of  this  author  perplexed  his  mind,  and  he  laid  the  work  aside  as  unprofitable 
and  unintelligible.  He  heard  of  Dr.  Watts'  treatise  on  the  Glory  of  Christ; 
sought  after  and  obtained  the  work  ;  read  it  with  pleasure,  and  embraced  its 
views.  The  venerable  Henry  Patillo,  on  whom  it  devolved,  at  the  next  meeting 
of  the  Presbytery,  to  examine  the  candidates   on  the  subject   of   theology,  had 


THE   CHRISTIAN  CHURCH.  429 

himself  embraced  Watts'  views  of  the  Trinity.  As  mi^ht  reasonably  be  expected 
unJer  such  circumstances,  the  examination  on  this  topic  was  short,  and  embra- 
ced no  peculiarities  of  the  system. 

In  April,  1796,  he  was  licensed  by  the  Orange  Presbytery,  North  Carolina, 
and  shortly  afterwards  directed  his  course  westward  (preaching  at  various  points 
on  the  route),  to  Knoxville  and  Nashville,  in  Tennessee,  and  thence  to  Bourbon 
county,  Kentucky,  where  about  the  close  of  the  year  1796  he  settled  within  the 
bounds  of  the  congregations  of  Cane-ridge  and  Concord.  Here  he  labored  with 
great  zeal,  acceptance  and  success;  about  eighty  members  having  been  added  to 
his  church  in  a  few  months  !  ! 

In  the  fall  of  '98,  he  received  a  unanimous  call  from  those  congregations  to 
become  their  settled  pastor,  which  call  he  accepted.  A  day  was  set  apart  by  the 
presbytery  of  Transylvania  for  his  ordination.  Having  previously  notified  the 
leading  members  of  the  presbytery  with  respect  to  his  difficulties  on  the  subject 
of  the  Trinity,  also  on  the  doctrines  of  election,  reprobation,  and  predestination, 
as  taught  in  the  Confession  of  Faith,  when  he  was  asked,  "  Do  you  receive  and 
adopt  the  Confession  of  Faith,  as  containing  the  system  of  doctrine  taught  in  the 
Bible  ]"  he  answered  aloud,  so  that  the  whole  congregation  might  hear — "  I  do, 
as  far  as  I  see  it  consistent  with  the  word  of  God."  No  objection  being  made, 
he  was  ordained. 

Early  in  1801,  "the  Great  Revival"  commenced  in  Tennessee,  and  in  the 
southern  part  of  Kentucky,  under  the  labors  of  James  McGready,  and  other  Pres- 
byterian ministers.  Determined  to  hear  and  judge  for  himself,  Barton  W.  Stone 
hastened  to  a  great  Presbyterian  camp-meeting  in  Logan  county,  Kentucky,  where 
for  the  first  time  he  witnessed  those  strange  exercises  of  falling,  jerking,  dan- 
cing, &c. 

Filled  with  the  spirit  of  the  revival,  he  returned  to  his  congregations — related 
what  he  had  seen  and  heard,  and,  with  great  earnestness  and  zeal,  dwelt  on  the 
universality  of  the  gospel,  and  urged  the  sinner  to  believe  now,  and  be  saved. 
The  etfects  were  immediate  and  powerful;  the  "exercises"  made  their  appear- 
ance; a  series  of  meetings  followed;  the  work  spread  in  all  directions;  multi- 
tudes united  with  the  different  churches  ;  and,  for  a  time,  party  creeds,  names, 
and  feelings,  seemed  to  be  buried  in  Christian  love  and  union. 

The  "  Great  Caneridge  Meeting"  commenced  in  August  following,  ant.  con- 
tinued some  six  or  seven  days.  From  twenty  to  thirty  thousand  were  supposed 
to  be  collected.  Many  had  come  from  Ohio,  and  other  remote  parts,  who,  on 
their  return,  diffused  the  spirit  in  their  respective  neighborhoods.  Methodist  and 
Baptist  Preachers  united  heartily  in  the  work,  and  the  salvation  of  sinners 
seemed  to  be  the  great  object  of  all. 

About  this  time,  Robert  Marshall,  John  Dunlavy,  Richard  McNemar,  B.  W. 
Stone,  and  John  Thompson,  all  members  of  the  synod  of  Kentucky,  renounced 
the  dogmas  of  Calvinism,  and  taught  wherever  they  went,  that  Christ  died  for 
all — that  the  divine  testimony  was  sufficient  to  produce  faith — and  that  the  spirit 
was  received,  not  in  order  to  faith,  but  through  faith.  The  sticklers  for  orthodoxy, 
seeing  the  powerful  effects  of  these  doctrines,  were  for  a  time  afraid  to  oppose. 
At  length  the  friends  of  the  Confession  determined  to  arrest  the  progress  of  these 
anti-calvinistic  doctrines,  and  put  them  down.  The  presbytery  of  Springfield,  in 
Ohio,  first  took  McNemar  under  dealings;  and  from  that  presbytery  the  case 
came  before  the  synod  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  in  September,  1803. 

So  soon  as  they  discovered,  from  the  tone  of  the  synod,  that  its  decision  in 
McNemar's  case  would  be  adverse,  the  five  drew  up  a  protest  against  the  pro- 
ceedings, and  a  declaration  of  their  independence,  and  withdrawal  from  the  juris- 
diction of  that  body.  Immediately  after  their  withdrawal  from  the  synod,  they 
constituted  themselves  into  a  presbytery,  which  they  called  the  Springfield  pres- 
bytery. They  had  not,  however,  worn  this  name  more  than  one  year,  before  they 
saw  that  it  savored  of  a  party  spirit.  With  the  man-made  creeds  they  threw  it 
overboard,  and  took  the  name  Christian — the  name  given  to  the  disciples  by  di- 
vine appointment  first  at  Antioch.  "From  this  period  "  (says  Stone),  "I  date 
the  commencement  of  that  reformation,  which  has  progressed  to  this  day." 
(1843).  Soon  after  their  withdrawal  from  the  synod,  they  were  joined  by 
Matthew  Houston  and  David  Purviance. 

In  1805,  Houston,  McNemar,  and  Dunlavy  joined  the  Shakers;  and  in  1807 


430  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF   THE 

Marshall  and  Thompson,  after  vainly  attempting  to  enslave  their  associates  a 
second  time  to  a  creed,  returned  back  into  the  bosom  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
Meanwhile  the  subject  of  baptism  had  begun  to  arrest  the  attention  of  the 
churches.  Many  became  dissatisfied  with  their  infant  sprinkling.  The  preachers 
baptized  one  another,  and  crowds  of  the  private  members  came,  and  were  also 
baptized.  The  congregations  generally  submitted  to  it,  and  yet  the  pulpit  was 
silent  on  the  subject. 

About  the  same  time,  Barton  W.  Stone  and  some  others  began  to  conclude  that 
baptism  was  ordained  for  the  remission  of  sins,  and  ought  to  be  administered  in 
the  name  of  Jesus  Christ  to  all  believing  penitents.  At  a  great  meeting  at  Con- 
cord, he  addressed  mourners  in  the  words  of  Peter,  (Acts  ii,  38),  and  urged  upon 
them  an  immediate  compliance  with  the  exhortation.  He  informed  us,  however, 
that  "  into  the  spirit  of  the  doctrine  he  was  never  fully  led,  until  it  was  revived 
by  Bro.  Alexander  Campbell  some  years  after."  ; 

Although  Elder  Stone  repudiated  the  orthodox  views  on  the  subject  of  the 
Trinity,  Sonship,  and  Atonement,  he  never  acknowledged  the  sentiments  with 
which  he  was  so  frequently  charged  by  his  opponents  And  in  the  latter  part  of 
his  life,  he  often  regretted  that  he  had  allowed  himself  to  be  driven  in  self-defence 
to  speculate  on  these  subjects  as  much  as  he  had  done.  In  the  near  prospect  of 
death  he  averred,  that  he  had  never  been  a  Unitarian,  and  had  never  regarded 
Christ  as  a  created  being. 

He  died  in  the  triumphs  of  faith,  on  the  9th  day  of  November,  1844,  univer- 
sally beloved  and  regretted  by  all  who  knew  him.  A  worthy  Methodist  preacher 
in  Jackson,  Louisiana,  once  remarked  to  the  writer  of  this  article,  in  the  presence 
of  two  old-school  Presbyterian  clergymen — "  I  know  Barton  W.  Stone  well, 
having  lived  neighbor  to  him  for  a  considerable  time  in  Tennessee.  A  lovelier 
man,  or  a  better  Christian,  in  my  judgment,  never  lived ;  and  he  is  no  more  a 
Unitarian,  than  those  brethren  there  are" — addressing  himself  at  the  same  time  to 
the  two  preachers.  The  person  who,  from  a  regard  to  truth  and  justice,  bore  this 
honorable  testimony,  was  Mr.  Finley,  son  of  Dr.  Finley,  (a  former  president  of 
the  University  of  Georgia),  and  brother  of  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Coloni- 
zation Society. 

Stone  justly  occupies  a  high  rank  as  a  scholar,  a  gentleman,  and  a  Christian. 
In  the  department  of  poetry,  his  talents  fitted  him  to  shine,  had  they  been  culti- 
vated. There  can  hardly  be  found,  in  the  English  language,  a  lovelier,  sweeter 
hymn,  than  one  from  his  pen,  written  during  the  revivals  about  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century,  and  universally  admired  by  the  Christian  world  ever  since. 
Be  it  known  to  the  orthodox  calumniators  of  Barton  W.  Stone,  and  to  all  men 
who  have  souls  to  feel  the  power  either  of  religion  or  of  poetry,  that  he  is  the 
author  of  that  soul-inspiring  hymn,  in  which  the  orthodox  world  has  so  greatly 
delighted  for  nearly  half  a  century,  viz., 

"The  Lord  is  the  fountain  of  goodness  and  love." 
A  short  account  of  the  union  between  Stone's  friends  and  those  of  Alexander 
Campbell,  in  1832,  shall  close  this  hasty  and  imperfect  sketch.  In  1843,  B.W. 
Stone  writes  thus  : — "  I  saw  no  distinctive  feature  between  the  doctrine  he  (A. 
Campbell)  preached,  and  that  which  we  had  preached  for  many  years,  except  on 
baptism  for  the  remission  of  sins.  Even  this  I  had  once  received  and  taught,  as 
before  stated,  but  had  strangely  let  it  go  from  my  mind,  till  Brother  Campbell 
revived  it  afresh.  *  *  *  "  He  boldly  determined  to  take  the  Bible  alone 
for  his  standard  of  faith  and  practice,  to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  books  as  au- 
thoritative. He  argued  that  the  Bible  presented  sufficient  evidence  of  its  truth  to 
sinners,  to  enable  them  to  believe  it,  and  sufficient  motives  to  induce  them  to  obey 
it — that  until  they  believed  and  obeyed  the  gospel,  in  vain  they  expected  salva- 
tion, pardon,  and  the  Holy  Spirit — that  now  is  the  accepted  time,  and  now  is  the 
day  of  salvation." 

"These  truths  we  had  proclaimed  and  reiterated  through  the  length  and  breadth 
of  the  land,  from  the  press  and  from  the  pulpit,  many  years  before  A.  Campbell 
and  his  associates  came  upon  the  stage,  as  aids  of  the  good  cause.  Their  aid 
gave  a  new  impetus  to  the  reformation  which  was  in  progress,  especially  among 
the  Baptists  in  Kentucky ;  and  the  doctrines  spread  and  greatly  increased  in  the 
west.     The  only  distinguishing  doctrine  between  us  and  them  was,  that  they 


THE    CHRISTIAN   CHURCH.  431 

preached  baptism  for  remission  of  sins  to  believing  penitents.  This  doctrine  had 
not  generally  obtained  amongst  us,  though  some  few  had  received  it,  and  prac- 
tised accordinglj'.  They  insisted  also  on  weekly  communion,  which  we  had 
neglected."     *         *         * 

■'Among  others  of  the  Baptists  who  received,  and  zealously  advocated  the 
teaching  of  A.  Campbell,  was  John  T.  Johnson,  than  whom  there  is  not  a  better 
man.     We -  


;  lived  together  in  Georgetown,  had  labored  and  worshipped  togethe 
We  plainly  saw,  that  we  were  on  the  same  foundation,  in  the  same  spirit,  and 
preached  the  same  gospel.  We  agreed  to  unite  our  energies  to  effect  a  union  be- 
tween our  different  societies.  This  was  easily  effected  in  Kentucky ;  and  in  order 
to  confirm  this  union,  we  became  co-editors  of  the  Christian  Messenger.  This 
union,  I  have  no  doubt,  would  have  been  as  easily  effected  in  other  states  as  in 
Kentucky,  had  not  there  been  a  few  ignorant,  headstrong  bigots  on  both  sides, 
who  were  more  influenced  to  retain  and  augment  their  party,  than  to  save  the 
world  by  uniting  according  to  the  prayer  of  Jesus." 

The  biographer  of  Elder  Stone  informs  us,  that  the  union  was  consummated  in 
the  following  manner: 

"A  meeting  of  four  days  was  held  at  Georgetown,  embracing  the  Christmas 
of  1831,  and  another  at  Lexington  of  the  same  length,  embracing  the  New  Year's 
day  of  1832.  The  writer  had  the  happiness  to  be  in  attendance  at  both  these 
meetings. 

"At  these  meetings  the  principles  of  our  union  were  fully  canvassed,  which 
were  such  as  we  have  stated.  We  solemnly  pledged  ourselves  to  one  another 
before  God,  to  abandon  all  speculations,  especially  on  the  Trinity,  and  kindred 
subjects,  and  to  be  content  with  the  plain  declarations  of  scripture  on  those  top- 
ics, on  which  there  had  been  so  much  worse  than  useless  controversy.  Elder 
John  Smith  and  the  writer  were  appointed  by  the  churches,  as  evangelists  to  ride 
in  this  section  of  Kentucky,  to  promote  this  good  work.  In  that  capacity  we 
served  the  churches  three  years.  Thousands  of  converts  to  the  good  cause  was 
the  result  of  the  union  and  co-operation  of  the  churches,  and  their  many  evangel- 
ists during  that  period." 

For  further  information,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  Christian  Baptist ; 
to  the  Biosi-aphies  of  Elder  Barton  W.  Stone  and  Elder  John  T.  Johnson, 
both  by  Elder  .John  Rogers,  and  to  that  of  Elder  John  Smith,  by  John 
Augustus  Williams.     See,  also,  the  Census  Statistics  on  the  next  page,  432. 

Elder  John  T.  Johnson,  eighth  child  of  Col.  Robert  Johnson,  was  born  at 
the  Great  Crossings,  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  Oct.  5,  1788,  and  died  at  Lexington,  Mo., 
Deo.  17,1856 — aged  68 ;  was  well  educated;  studied  law,  and  practiced; 
volunteer  aid  to  Gen.  Harrison,  and  at  the  battle  of  May  5,  1813,  near  Fort 
Meigs,  had  his  horse  shot  under  him ;  represented  Scott  county  in  the  Ky. 
legislature,  1814,  '15,  '17  and  '18,  and  again  in  1828;  member  of  congress 
four  years,  1821-25;  a  judge  of  the  "new  court  of  appeals,"  for  nine  months 
from  Dec.  20,  1826 ;  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  1821  ;  in  1831  embraced 
the  principles  of  the  "Reformation,  and  began  preaching;  in  1832,  was  co- 
editor  of  the  Christian  Messenger  (see  above),  in  1835,  of  the  Gospel  Advo- 
cate, and  in  1837,  of  The  Christian;  aided  in  establishing  at  Georgetown, 
in  Nov.,  1836,  Bacon  College — now  Kentucky  University  (see  p.  185).  He 
was  an  eloquent  and  faithful  preacher,  and  received  over  3,000  persons  to 
the  church.     His  ministerial  labors  were  mainly,  if  not  always,  gratuitous. 

Elder  John  Smith,  familiarly  known  in  Kentucky  and  to  many  thousands 
of  people  elsewhere  as  Raccoon  John  Smith,  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
men  of  the  "  current  Reformation ;"  born  in  Sullivan  co.,  East  Tennessee, 
Oct.  15,  1784,  and  died  at  Mexico,  Mo.,  Feb.  28,  1868— aged  83  ;  education 
limited,  but  thorough ;  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Dec,  1804,  and  from 
1808  to  1828  was  a  preacher  in  that  connection,  and  for  the  next  40  years 
orie  of  the  most  eloquent,  powerful,  and  trusted  leaders  of  the  Church  of  the 
Disciples  of  Christ.  Upon  his  tombstone  is  inscribed,  "  By  the  power  of 
the  ^V'ord,  he  turned  many  from  error;  in  its  light  he  walked,' and  in  its  con- 
solations he  triumphantly  died." 


432  CHURCH  STATISTICS. 

CENSUS  STATISTICS  OF  CHUECHES  IX  KEXTUCKY. 

The  statistics  of  the  churches,  so  far  as  obtainable,  are  to  be  found  under 
the  sketches  of  the  several  churches.  The  following  are  arranged  or  gather- 
ed exclusively  from  the  U.  S.  census : 

In  1S50,  Kentucky  had  one  church  to  every  532  of  population;  in  1860, 
one  to  53U;  and  in  1870,  one  to  490. 

The  Baptists  have  the  greatest  number  of  church  edifices : 


Baptist. ..per  cent.  43.4     36.1     35.6  Episcopal. ..per  cent.  1.0     1.1     1.3 

Methodist       "         34.1     30.5     30.3  Roman  Catholic "         2.6     3.8     4.6 

Christian         "  6.0     13.9     16.1  Presbyterian       "       12.1   11.0  10.5 

But  the  churches  do  not  indicate  the  proportionate  number  of  communicants, 
or  numerical  strength,  so  well  as  the  sittings  or  accommodations — for  which, 
see  the  table  below : 


Baptist 1850 

1860 
1870 

Methodist 1850 

1860 
1870 

Christian 1850 

1860 
1870 

Presbyterian. ...1850 
1860 
1870 

Roman  Catlioliol850 
1860 
1870 

Prot.Episoopal.1850 
1860 
1870 

Lutheran 1850 

1860 
1870 

Jewish 1850 

1870 

Shaker 1850 


Unitarian 1850  . 

1870 
Total 1850  . 

1860  . 


7,824 


9,376 
11,221 
12,857 
13,302 
19,883 
21,337 
875 
2,068 
2,822 
4,826 
6,406 
7,071 
1,222 
2,550 
3,806 
1,459 
2,145 
2,601 
1,231 
2,128 
2,776 
36 
152 


291,855 
267,1 
288,936 
167,485 


99,175 
00,750 
24,240 
44,820 
72,550 
7,050 
9,940 
15,800 
3,050 
5,400 
1,650 


701 2,969 


,053 
778,025 
63,082iS78,039 


$570,505 

888,530 

2,023,975 

460,755 

808,305 

1,854,565 

164,925 

499,810 

1,046,075 

491,303 

720,825 

1,292.400 

336,910 

695,850 

2,604,900 

112,150 

199,100 

570,300 

23,800 

50,600 

16,000 

13,000 

134,000 

8,000 

23,000 

11,650 

29,950 

5,500 

15,000 


,825  2,252,448 
;, 751 13,928.620 
.,0fi2i9,824,465l354 


1,020,855 
),799,378 
),229,221 
1,825,070 
1,093,371 
1,854,121 
853,386 
!.518,045 
1,425,137 
1,543,789 
1,840,525 
1,265,256 
1,256,758 
1,774,119 
1,985,666 
,375,010 
,665,698 
i.514,549 
1,909,711 
',385,179 


,155,235 
39,500 
86,900 
,778,316 
1,856,095 
,692,325 
1,280,822 
1,282,675 
,328,801 
,397,932 
,483,581 


The  Baptists  have  churches  in  all  of  the  116  counties  in  the  state  but  3, 
the  Methodists  in  all  but  4,  the  Christian  in  97  counties,  the  Presbyterians 
in  77,  the  Roman  Catholics  in  49,  the  Episcopal  in  21,  the  Lutheran  in 
only  6. 

In  1860,  the  aver.ige  cost  of  the  churches  was  :  1.  Roman  Catholic  $8,384 ; 
2.  Episcop.al  $7,964;  3.  Lutheran  $5,060 ;  4.  Universalist  $4,492;  5.  Pres- 
byterian §2,883  ;  6.  Chrisi;ian  91,644;  7.  Methodist  §1,214 ;  8.  Baptist  $1,128 ; 
9.  Union  §759. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


CUMBERLAND  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 


In  1796,  James  McGready,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  settled  in  Logan 
county,  Kentucky,  and  took  charge  of  three  congregations — Little  Muddy, 
Caspar  river,  and  Ked  river — the  latter  situated  near  the  state  line  separat- 
ing Tennessee  and  Kentucky.  Mr.  McGready  was  a  Pennsylvanian  by  birth, 
and  had  been  educated  at  what  afterwards  became  Jefferson  college  in  that 
state.  He  commenced  his  ministry  in  North  Carolina ;  was  a  man  of  great 
earnestness,  and  denounced  open  sin  and  religious  formalism  with  unusual 
severity.  On  this  account,  becoming  offensive  to  many  of  his  hearers,  he 
removed  to  Kentucky,  where  the  effect  of  his  earnest  and  severe  manner  was 
different  from  what  it  had  been  in  North  Carolina.  In  1796-7  indications 
began  of  what  proved  to  be  a  great  revival  of  religion,  which  in  a  few  years 
extended  over  the  Green  river  country  and  the  neighboring  portions  of  Ten- 
nessee.    The  latter  was  then  called  the  "Cumberland  country." 

Soon  after  Mr.  McGready  settled  in  Kentucky,  several  other  Presbyterian 
ministers  emigrated  from  North  Carolina,  and  settled  in  Tennessee ;  amongst 
them  William  Ilodge,  William  McGee,  and  Samuel  McAdoo,  who  entered 
earnestly  into  the  spirit  and  measures  of  Mr.  McGready  in  promoting  the 
revival.  There  was  opposition,  and  some  of  it  came  from  other  ministers  of 
the  Presbyterian  church.  The  extension  of  the  religious  interest  multiplied 
converts,  and  new  congregations  sprang  up  all  over  the  land.  The  Presby- 
terian method  of  supplying  the  great  and  increasing  demand  for  ministerial 
labor  was  slow,  at  that  time.  Some  of  the  ministers  who  visited  the  country 
were  not  in  sympathy  with  the  revival,  and  their  labors  not  acceptable. 
Rev.  David  Rice,  one  of  the  patriarchs  of  Presbyterianism  in  Kentucky, 
visited  the  Green  river  and  Cumberland  countries,  and  witnessing  the  great 
destitution  of  ministerial  labor,  advised  the  revival  ministers  to  select  some 
pious  and  promising  young  men  from  their  congregations,  and  encourage 
them  to  prepare  for  the  ministry  as  well  as  their  circumstances  would  permit 
It  was  not  expected  that  they  would  undergo  the  ordinary  educational  train- 
ing, as  the  demand  was  urgent,  and  the  means  of  such  training  were  beyond 
their  reach.  The  measure  was  adopted.  Three  young  men  were  in  a  short 
time  advanced  to  the  ministry,  and  others  were  encouraged  to  a  preparation 
for  the  work.  But  difficulties  grew  up.  The  opposers  of  the  revival  of 
course  opposed  the  measure.  The  difficulties  became  so  serious  that  the 
synod  of  Kentucky  appointed  a  commission  of  their  body  to  meet  at  Caspar 
river  church,  and  endeavor  to  adjust  them.  The  attempt  failed.  Things 
rather  became  worse.  Reference  must  be  made  to  the  histories  of  the  times 
for  the  circumstances  and  facts. 

There  was  another  question  of  difficulty  between  the  parties  in  the  church. 
The  young  men  who  were  licensed  and  ordained,  excepted  to  what  seemed 
to  them  the  doctrine  of  fatality,  which  appeared  to  them  to  be  taught  in 
several  chapters  of  the  Confession  of  Faith,  and  also  in  the  catechism,  They 
were  honest  and  serious  men;  they  were  compelled  to  interpret  the  Confes- 
sion of  Faith  for  themselves.  The  difficulties,  in  their  view,  were  insur- 
mountable ;  still  they  were  advanced  to  the  ministry  without  being  required 
to  adopt  the  doctrinal  standards  of  the  church  in  this  particular.  They 
desired  no  other  modification.  These  proceedings,  as  well  as  the  licensure 
and  ordination  of  what  were  called  uneducated  men,  were  very  offensive  to 
the  more  stringent  portion  of  the  membership  and  ministry  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  The  difficulties  were  protracted  through  several  years.  Tlie 
revival  party  considered  themselves  oppressed  and  wronged,  and  when  there 
seemed  no  hope  of  redress,  three  of  the  revival  ministers — who  were  also 
members  of  the  Cumberland  presbytery  which  had  been  constituted,  and 
then  again  dissolved  by  the  synod  of  Kentucky— determined  to  re-constitute 
I...  28  (433) 


434  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF   THE 

the  Cumberland  presbytery  by  their  own  authority,  as  ministers  of  the  Pres- 
byterian chureli.  It  was  a  revolutionary  measure;  and  of  course  the  Pres- 
bytery was  an  independent  body.  The  presbytery  was  thus  constituted,  on 
the  4th  of  February,  1810,  by  Samuel  McAdoo,  Finis  Ewing,  and  Samuel 
Kins. 

This  history  explains  the  origin  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church, 
and  also  of  the  name  by  which  it  is  distinguished.  The  independent  Pres- 
bytery was  Cumberland  presbytery.  The  good  men  who  constituted  it  did 
not  suppose  that  they  were  constituting  a  Presbytery  which  would  develop 
itself  nut  into  a  large  ecclesiastical  organization.  It  was  evidently  with  them 
a  measure  of  present  self-defense.  The  providence  of  God  has,  however,  so 
overruled  that  "  the  little  one  has  become  a  thousand,  and  the  small  one  a 
strong  nation."  The  name  of  the  presbytery — which  was  entirely  local  and 
accidental — has  adhered  to  the  people. 

Within  the  limits  of  Kentucky  are  seven  presbyteries.  All  these  are  in- 
eluded  in  one  synod,  the  synod  of  Kentucky.  The  membership  numbers 
about  1.1,000. 

The  first  camp-meeting  ever  held  in  Christendom  was  in  the  year  1800,  at 
the  Gaspar  river  meeting-house,  in  Logan  county.  It  was  held  by  the 
promoters  of  the  great  revival  of  which  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church 
was  an  outgrowth.  'J'he  practice  was  continued  for  many  years ;  but  as  the 
country  became  settled,  and  the  ministrations  of  the  Gospel  became  more 
regular,  and  especially  more  abundant,  the  necessity  which  originated  these 
large  religious  gatherings  passed  away,  and,  of  course,  they  ceased  to  be  held. 

It  has  been  stated  that  one  of  the  subjects  of  difficulty  in  the  Presbyterian 
church  which  gave  rise  to  the  new  organization  was — the  advancing  of  men  into 
the  ministry  who  had  not  acquired  a  regular  literary  and  theological  educa- 
tion. And  yet,  in  182-5 — when  the  church  was  but  fifteen  years  old — 
measures  were  adopted  with  great  unanimity  by  the  Cumberland  synod,  at 
that  time  the  highest  judicature  of  the  church,  for  the  establishment  of  a 
college  with  a  special  view  to  the  education  of  the  ministry.  The  very  men, 
too,  about  whose  defective  education  the  original  presbyterial  controversy 
arose  were  leaders  in  this  movement.  They  thus  gave  their  explicit  sanction 
to  a  high  order  of  education  on  the  part  of  the  ministry.  They  themselves 
had  entered  the  ministry,  and  labored  with  abundant  success  without  such 
an  education — because  the  exigency  of  the  church  called  for  them,  and  the 
attainment  of  an  education  at  the  time  and  under  the  circumstances  was 
impossible.  This  is  a  practical  view  of  this  question  as  it  presented  itself 
to  them  in  1805,  and  again  in  1825. 

The  contemplated  college  was  located  at  Princeton,  and  opened  in  Jfarch, 
1826,  as  a  manual-labor  school ;  each  student  being  required  to  spend  two 
hours  daily  in  such  labor  as  an  ordinary  farm  requires,  and  to  board  at  a 
common  boarding-house.  A  farm  was  purchased,  a  faculty  of  instruction 
appointed,  every  thing  necessary  for  carrying  forward  the  enterprise  fur- 
nished. Rev.  P.  R.  Cassitt  was  elected  president,  and  Hon.  Daniel  L.  Mor- 
rison, professor  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy.  These  two,  with 
the  assistance  of  several  young  men,  managed  the  instruction  to  the  close  of 
1830,  when  Judge  Morrison  resigned.  Various  changes  were  made  in  the 
faculty  until  1842,  when  the  president,  and  all  the  professors  except  one,  re- 
signed, and  connected  themselves  with  what  has  become  Cumberland  uni- 
versity at  Lebanon,  Tennessee.  The  college  survived,  however,  some  twelve 
or  fifteen  years,  having  laid  aside  its  manual-labor  feature ;  but  at  length 
went  down.  It  was  an  experiment.  The  object  was  to  diminish  the  expenses 
of  an  education,  and  at  the  s.ame  time  to  promote  health  and  practical  habits. 
The  system  did  not  work  well ;  it  was  not  adapted  to  the  habits  of  those 
portions  of  the  country  from  which  the  chief  patronage  of  the  institution 
was  derived. 

The  theology  of  Cumberland  Presbyterians  is  conservative.  It  rejects  the 
extremes  of  both  Calvinism  and  Arminianism.  On  this  subject  the  church 
calls  no  man  master.  There  is,  however,  no  looseness.  Its  doctrinal  status 
is  distinctly  defined.  It  has  a  Confession  of  Faith.  It  has  some  theological 
works,  which  it  receives  as  helps,  but  its  highest  authority  is  the  15ible. 
Cumberland   Presbyterians  reject  the  doctrine  of  predestination,  as   taught 


CUMBERLAND   PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH.  435 

in  the  theological  symbols  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  under  the  head  of 
"  The  Decrees  of  God."  It  seems  to  them  to  make  too  close  an  approach  to 
the  necessity  of  the  ancients.  At  the  same  time  they  receive  as  scriptural 
and  full  of  comfort  the  doctrine  of  "The  Final  Perseverance"  of  believers 
in  faith  and  holiness.  These  two  doctrines  are  regarded  by  both  extreme 
Calvinisls  and  extreme  Arminians  as  essential  links  of  one  theological  chain. 
Cumberland  Presbyterians  believe  that  they  have  no  essential  connection — 
that  wliile  the  one  is  true  and  salutary  in  its  influence,  the  other  is  not  true, 
and  that  its  practical  influence  is  pernicious. 

A  brief  notice  of  some  of  the  leading  ministers  of  this  denomination,  whose 
labors  have  been  mainly  identified  with  Kentucky,  will  be  in  place  here. 

Finis  Bwino,  a  member  of  one  of  the  most  respectable  and  prominent 
families  in  south-western  Kentucky,  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  but  in  early 
life  settled  in  Tennessee  ;  thence  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  lived  for  many 
years  in  Christian  county.  While  living  there  he  performed  the  chief  labors 
of  his  ministerial  life.  He  was  one  of  the  young  men  advanced  to  the 
ministry  in  the  progress  of  the  revival,  and  who  constituted  the  independent 
Cumberland  presbytery  in  1810.  Late  in  life  he  removed  to  Missouri, 
where  he  died  in  1S4'J.  His  sons  are  now  prominent  men  in  that  State.  He 
has  always  been  regarded,  if  not  the  father,  one  of  the  fathers  of  the  Cum- 
berland Presbyterian  church. 

Franoem.vy  R.  Cassitt  was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire;  educated  at 
Middlebury  College  in  Vermont  ;  emigrated  to  the  south-west  about  1820, 
and  became  the  first  president  of  Cumberland  college  at  Princeton  ;  was  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  Religious  and  Literary  Intelligencer,  the  first  paper 
published  under  the  auspices  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church.  He 
was  a  man  of  fine  culture,  and  a  respectable  preacher.  He  spent  his  latter 
years  in  Tennessee,  and  died  therein  1863.  Dr.  Cassitt  published  the  "Life 
and  Times  of  Rev.  Finis  Ewing,"  and  was  for  a  number  of  years  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  Banner  of  Peace. 


Alexander  Chapman  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  but  began  his  ministry 
in  Kentucky.  His  home  was  in  Butler  county ;  his  ministrations  extended 
to  many  of  the  counties  around.  He  was  a  very  popular  and  efiective 
preacher,  a  natural  orator,  with  a  fine  personal  appearance,  and  the  dignity 
and  bearing  of  a  gentleman.  No  man  of  his  time  was  more  useful  in  that 
whole  region.     He  died  in  1824. 

William  Harris  was  a  plain  and  an  original  man ;  in  person  tall  and 
strongly  built ;  his  educational  advantages  limited ;  he  was  in  the  fullest 
sense  a  self-made  man.  He  was  an  early  subject  of  the  revival,  but  did  not 
enter  the  ministry  until  after  the  constitution  of  the  independent  Cumberland 
presbytery.  He  was  a  strong  preacher,  unequal  in  his  manner ;  sometimes 
he  fell  below  himself;  at  others,  was  overpowering.  He  and  Mr.  Chapman 
lived  in  adjoining  counties,  and  labored  a  great  deal  together.  Their  names 
are  still  household  words  in  a  large  space  of  country.  Several  of  Mr, 
Harris'  sons  entered  the  ministry.  One  of  them,  David  Rice  Harris,  was 
among  the  first  students  of  Cumberland  college.  He  became  rather  distin- 
guished as  a  teacher,  and  was  also  an  excellent  preacher.  Both  the  father 
and  the  son  died  some  years  ago. 

Henry  F.  Delany,  after  amassing  considerable  property  at  the  practice 
of  law,  professed  religion,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  ministry.  He  was  a 
man  of  great  earnestness  and  power  in  the  pulpit.  He  delivered  the  first 
address  on  the  sulyect  of  Temperance  that  the  writer  ever  heard.  It  was 
not  a  set  address,  but  seemed  rather  a  spontaneous  talk,  delivered  in  one  of 
the  judicatures  of  the  church.  It  was  brief  but  expressive,  and  good  seed 
was  sown.     Mr.  Delany  died  near  Moiganfield,  in  1831  or  1832. 

The  Barnktts  were  an  extraordinary  family  in  their  time.  John,  William, 
and  James  Y.  Barnett  were  brothers,  and  all  ministers  of  the  Cumberland 


436  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  THE 

Presbyterian  church.  John  Barnett  lived  and  labored  in  Caldwell  county. 
He  had  a  long,  and  at  one  time  troublesome  connection  with  the  financial 
department  of  Cumberland  college.  William  Barnett  was  one  of  the  most 
powerful  and  popular  preachers  of  his  time.  He  lived  a  number  of  years 
in  Christian  county,  then  removed  to  Henderson,  and  finally  to  western 
Tennessee,  where  he  died  in  1827.  James  Y.  Barnett  lived  and  labored 
in  Christian  county. 

Milton  Bird  was  a  native  of  Kentucky.  In  his  early  ministry  he  went 
with  others  as  a  missionary  to  western  Pennsylvania,  and  remained  some 
years.  Returning  to  Kentucky,  he  became  connected  with  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication,  located  in  Louisville.  His  latter  years 
were  spent  in  Caldwell  county,  in  charge  of  Bethlehem  congregation.  He 
was  successively  editor  of  the  Union  Evangelist,  published  at  IJniontown, 
Pa.,  of  the  Watchman  and  Evangelist,  at  Louisville,  and  of  the  Saint  Louis 
Observer,  at  Saint  Louis.  The  Theological  Medium  was  originated  by  him, 
and  under  the  denomination  of  the  Theological  Medium  and  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Quarterly  was  continued  to  the  commencement  of  the  late  war. 
Dr.  Bird  also  published  a  work  some  years  ago  on  the  Doctrines  of  Grace, 
and  a  short  time  before  his  death,  in  1871,  wrote  a  life  of  the  Kev.  Alex- 
ander Chapman. 

A.  M.  Bryan,  D.  D.,  and  H.  S.  Porter,  D.  D.,  were  natives  of  Kentucky, 
where  they  spent  the  years  of  their  early  ministry.  The  former  died  in 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  in  1861 ;  the  latter  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in  1855.  They 
were  worthy  representatives  of  Kentucky,  in  the  homes  of  their  adoption. 

David  Lowrt  was  raised  in  Logan  county,  Ky.,  professed  religion,  and 
entered  the  ministry  in  early  life ;  has  been  an  Earnest  and  laborious 
preacher  for  now  (1872)  more  than  fifty  years.  He  has  lived  in  Tennessee, 
Minnesota,  Iowa,  and  now  lives  in  Missouri.  He  has  bfen  an  eminently 
useful  minister,  and  has  done  something  in  the  way  of  authorship. 

HiR.iM  A.  Hunter  is  (1872)  in  the  73d  year  of  his  life,  and  52d  of  his 
ministry.     He  is  still  rendering  efficient  service  by  his  pulpit  ministrations. 

Cumberland  Presbyterians  derived  their  animus  from  their  fathers  of  the 
revival,  and,  of  course,  are  favorable  to  revivals.  They  are  doing  what 
they  can  in  promoting  the  kingdom  of  Christ  among  their  fellow-men.  They 
are  strictly  Presbyterian  in  their  order  of  church  government. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


EPISCOPAL  CHURCH,  IN  KENTUCKY. 


The  history  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Kentucky  can  not  be  understood 
without  some  knowledge  of  the  same  church  as  it  existed  in  Virginia,  during 
the  period  when  Kentucky  was  a  part  of  that  ancient  commonwealth. 

Tlie  early  settlement  of  Virginia  was  with  a  distinct  Christian  purpose — 
the  preaching  of  the  Gospel  to  the  heathen  natives.  This  is  prominently  set 
forth  in  all  the  constitutions  and  charters  under  whicli  th.at  settlement  was 
made.  The  Church,  with  her  faiths,  her  sacraments,  and  a  part  of  her  min- 
istry, was  an  integral  part  of  the  colonization  of  the  state  from  the  beginning, 
and  continuously.  Every-where,  with  the  spreading  population,  substantial 
edifices  for  public  worship  were  erected,  and  competent  provision  made  for 
the  maintenance  of  all  the  decencies  and  proprieties  of  Christian  religion. 
The  influence  of  these  institutions,  and  of  the  faith  which  they  embodied, 
was  most  benign  and  salutary.  They  gave  to  the  age  of  the  Revolution  its 
noble  character  and  its  deep-seated  principles,  the  force  and  momentum  of 
which  have  come  down,  with  gradually  decreasing  power,  to  our  own  day. 
But  with  these  institutions  and  with  their  proper  effect  and  influence,  was 
mingled  the  fatal  leaven  of  secularity. 

According  to  the  theory  of  the  Episcopal  church,  the  ministry,  as  well  as 
the  church  itself,  is  of  Divine  institution,  and  derives  all  its  powers  and  ca- 
pacities for  good  from  the  Divine  appointment.  But  the  rulers  of  the  state 
in  England  did  not  see  the  use  of  compliance  with  this  appointment  of  God 
in  the  new  planting  of  the  church  in  America.  They  undertook  to  dispense 
with  the  most  essential  part  of  that  Divine  institution — the  Episcopate.  It 
is  true  that  the  Episcopate  was  nominally  continued  as  a  part  of  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  church  in  this  country,  by  making  the  whole  of  the  Xorth  Ameri- 
can colonies  a  part  of  the  Diocese  of  London.  But  this,  for  its  practical  in- 
fluence, was  little  better  than  a  mockery  of  the  Divine  institution  in  the  regard 
of  this  church.  Besides,  towards  the  close  of  the  17th  and  through  the  whole 
of  the  l<Sth  century,  religion  was  at  a  low  ebb  in  England,  as  in  all  Christen- 
dom. Almost  aa  a  matter  of  course  under  such  circumstances,  the  ministers 
who  came  to  this  country,  with  some  high  and  honorable  exceptions,  consisted 
for  the  most  part  of  those  who,  unable  to  obtain  a  living  at  home,  consented 
to  go  into  banishment  in  the  colonies.  What  else  could  have  been  expected 
from  such  a  clergy — without  Episcopal  supervision — without  any  sort  of  con- 
trol but  that  public  opinion,  which  they  were  to  form — but  the  looseness  of  man- 
ners and  the  coldness  and  v.apidness  of  doctrine  which  history  and  tradition 
tell  us  were  characteristic  of  so  large  a  proportion  of  the  clergy ! 

Then  came  the  shock  of  the  Kevolution.  Many  of  these  shepherds  deserted 
their  flocks  and  left  the  country.  Others,  of  more  patriotic  instincts,  joined 
the  Revolutionary  army,  or  became  lawyers  and  politicians.  Not  long  after, 
the  flood  of  French  revolutionary  Atheism  came  in,  and  there  was  no  suffi- 
cient barrier  to  oppose  it.  Skepticism,  or  a  contemptuous  indifference  to 
religion,  prevailed  to  a  deplorable  extent  among  the  educated  classes.  This 
description  applies  with  even  more  emphasis  to  Kentucky,  as  the  frontier, 
than  to  the  older  portions  of  Virginia.  The  Hon.  Humphrey  Marshall,  in 
his  History  of  Kentucky,  published  in  1824,  writes  of  1792  :  "  There  were  in 
the  country,  and  chiefly  from  Virginia,  many  Episcopalians,  but  who  had 
formed  no  church — there  being  no  person  to  t;ike  charge  of  it.  At  the  period 
of  separation  from  Virginia  (1792),  it  might  have  been  hazarded  as  a  prob- 
able conjecture,  that  no  Episcopalian  church  would  ever  be  erected  in  Ken- 
tucky. There  is,  however  (1824),  one  pastor  who  has  a  church  in  Lexington. 
Education  is,  with  this  fraternity,  a  necessary  qualification  for  admiuistering 

(437) 


438  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF 

the  affairs  of  both  cliurch  and  state.  The  forms  of  their  worship  are  highly 
decorous,  and  their  discipline  calculated  to  make  good  citizens."  (Cited  in 
Appendix  to  Journal  of  Convention  of  1859.) 

From  tlie  same  Appendix  we  learn  that  the  church  in  Lexington  was 
founded  as  early  as  1794.  ]5ut  there  was  no  organized  parish  until  July  2d, 
1809,  when  the  first  vestry  was  elected — consisting  of  John  Wyatt,  John 
Johnston,  W.  M.  Bean,  John  Jordan,  Wm.  Morton,  David  Shirley,  Walter 
Warlield.  The  Kev.  James  Moore  had  been,  a  few  months  before  this  elec- 
tion of  the  vestry,  formally  chosen,  perhaps  by  the  congregation,  as  the  first 
minister  of  Christ  Church,  Lexington;  to  ofliciate  once  in  two  weeks,  at  a 
salary  of  $200  per  annum.  But  Mr.  Moore  must  have  been  officiating,  with- 
out a  regular  engagement  and  without  salary,  for  some  time ;  for  we  learn 
that  he  came  to  Kentucky  in  1792,  as  a  candidate  for  the  Presbyterian 
ministry,  conformed  to  the  Episcopal  church  in  1794,  and  became  the  first 
minister  of  Christ  Church,  Lexington.  In  1798,  he  was  acting  president  of 
Transylvania  University  and  professor  of  logic,  metaphysics,  moral  philosophy, 
and  belles-lettres.  He  is  described  as  learned,  devoted,  courteous,  and 
liberal. 

In  1814,  the  parish  still  further  perfected  its  organization  by  agreeing  to 
the  constitution  and  canons  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the  United 
States.  John  D.  Clifford  was  appointed  a  delegate  to  the  general  convention 
held  in  Philadelphia,  May,  1814.  June  6th,  1819,  Mr.  Lemuel  Burge  was 
ordained  deacon  by  Bishop  Chase,  at  Worthington,  Ohio;  Mr.  Burge  died 
in  Feb.,  1820.  The  next  regular  rector  was  the  Rev.  Geo.  T.  Chapman,  D.D., 
in  July,  1820;  he  was  rector  of  Christ  Church  for  ten  years — during  which 
time  the  little  brick  chapel  gave  way  to  a  church  building  of  good  appearance 
for  that  day,  of  brick,  and  stuccoed  to  imitate  stone. 

Six  clergymen  (who  settled  in  Kentucky)  educated  in  this  country,  went 
to  England  for  holy  orders — because  of  the  continued  refusal  to  send  bishops 
to  this  country.  Of  these,  three — Judge  Benjamin  Sebastian,  Dr.  Gant,  of 
Louisville,  and  Dr.  Chambers,  of  Bardstown,  obtained  eminence  in  other  pro- 
fessions. The  other  three,  who  also  received  letters  of  orders  abroad — Kev. 
Messrs.  Johnson,  of  Nelson  county,  Elliott,  of  Franklin  county,  and  Crawford, 
of  Shelby  county — seldom  exercised  their  sacred  office,  and  did  little  or 
nothing  towards  establishing  the  Church  of  their  fiiith  and  of  their  fathers, 
in  Kentucky.* 

The  next  move  in  the  history  of  the  Episcopal  church  in  Kentucky  is  the 
record  of  "  a  meeting  held  pursuant  to  public  notice,  at  the  Washington  Hall," 
in  the  city  of  Louisville,  on  the  31st  of  May,  1822.  "John  Bustard  acted  as 
chairman  and  Samuel  Dickinson  as  secretary,  when  it  was  resolved  to  open 
books  of  subscription  for  building  a  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the  town 
of  Louisville."  At  a  subsequent  meeting,  July  1st,  1822,  Christ  Church  was 
fixed  upon  as  the  name  of  the  contemplated  building,  and  the  committee 
charged  with  the  execution  of  the  enterprise  was  enlarged.  Its  members 
were,  Peter  B.  Ormsby,  Dennis  Fitzhugh,  Samuel  Churchill,  James  Hughes, 
Wm.  L.  Thompson,  Kichard  Barnes,  Wm.  H.  Atkinson,  llichard  Ferguson, 
Hancock  Taylor,  James  S.  Bate,  James  C.  Johnston,  and  Wm.  Croghan. 

Dr.  Craik,  in  his  history  of  this  parish,  says :  "  The  effort  to  establish  the 
Episcopal  church  in  Louisville  seems  to  have  proceeded  quite  as  much  from 
the  country  gentlemen  in  the  neighborhood  as  from  the  residents  of  the  town. 
Jeflersun  county,  like  several  other  prominent  points  in  Kentucky,  was  settled 
at  the  very  earliest  period  by  a  class  of  highly  educated  gentlemen  from 
Virginia.  Of  course  they  were  all  traditionally  Episcopalians,  for  that  had 
been  the  established  religion  of  Virginia.  But  unfortunately,  at  the  period 
of  this  emigration,  the  coarse  blasphemies  of  Tom  Paine  and  the  more  re- 
fined infidelity  of  the  French  Encyclopedists  had  taken  a  strong  hold  upon 
the  Virginia  mind.  The  early  emigrants  brought  with  them  the  taint  of 
these  principles,  and  in  many  cases  the  books  from  which  they  were  derived. 
And  alas!  there  was  no  church  in  the  wilderness  to  counteract  these  evil  in- 
ftuenccs  and  the  new  spiritual  temptations  incident  to  this  breaking  ofi'  from 

*  Conversation  of  Bishop  Smith  with  the  author,  May,  1871. 


i 


i 


THE  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH.  439 

the  ancient  stock  and  from  home  associations.  The  consequence  was,  tliat 
this  generation  lived  and  their  children  grew  up  empliatically  without  God 
in  the  world.  But  religion  of  some  sort  is  a  necessity  for  the  human  soul. 
Tlie  modes  of  religion  prevalent  in  the  country  were  revolting  rather  than 
attractive  to  educated  men,  and  therefore  when  Kichard  Barnes  and  Peler 
B.  Ormsliy  suggested  the  formation  of  an  Episcopal  congregation,  tlie  proposal 
was  warmly  seconded  by  the  most  influential  citizens  of  the  coun'y.' 

The  projected  edifice  was  completed  in  1824,  and  the  Rev.  Henry  JVl.  Shaw 
elected  the  first  rector,  the  same  year. 

The  foundation  of  the  church  in  Louisville  was  entirely  a  lay  movement ; 
for  until  tlie  completion  of  the  building  and  the  arrival  of  the  newly  elected 
rector,  no  clergyman  had  been  present  or  taken  any  part  in  the  proceedinjis. 
Kourteen  churches  in  Louisville  and  its  immediate  vicinity  have  been  the 
fruit,  up  to  this  time — 1873 — of  this  first  action  of  the  laity  of  the  city  and 
county. 

In  1829,  the  Rev.  George  T.  Chapman,  D.D.,  rector  of  Christ  Church, 
Lexington,  first  proposed,  and  by  his  active  exertions  effected  the  organization 
of  the  diocese.  He  visited  Danville,  called  the  church  people  together,  organ- 
ized Trinity  parish  and  procured  the  appointment  of  delegates  to  a  primary 
convention.  He  then  visited  Louisville  and  procured  the  appointment  of 
delegates  from  that  parish,  there  being  at  that  time  no  rector  there.  This 
primary  convention  was  held  in  Lexington,  July,  1829.  Rev.  Dr.  Chapman 
was  president  and  Kev.  Benj.  O.  Peers  secretary.  A  constitution  was  adopted, 
delegates  to  the  general  convention  appointed,  and  Bishop  Ravenscrolt,  of 
North  Carolina,  invited  to  visit  the  diocese.  That  eminent  prelate  arrived  in 
Lexington,  July  25,  1829,  and  on  the  next  day  and  the  Tuesday  following 
confirmed  91  persons.  Dr.  John  Esten  Cooke  attended  the  general  conven- 
tion at  Philadelphia,  the  same  year,  as  the  only  delegate  from  Kentucky. 

Perhaps  the  most  marked  events  in  the  history  of  this  church  in  Kentucky 
were  the  publication  of  Dr.  Chapman's  sermons  on  the  church,  and  the  con- 
version ot  Dr.  John  Esten  Cooke.  Dr.  Chapman's  volume  made  a  powerful 
impression  at  the  time,  and  it  has  continued  ever  since  the  most  popular  book 
in  the  Episcopal  church  on  the  subject  of  which  it  treats,  and  is  from  time 
to  time  republished  to  meet  the  ever  constant  demand. 

Dr.  John  Esten  Cooke,  the  most  profound  medical  philosopher  of  his  time, 
had  recently  removed  to  Lexington  from  Virginia,  to  fill  the  chair  of  the 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine  in  Transj'lvunia  University.  One  Sunday 
morning,  while  waiting  for  his  family  to  attend  the  Methodist  church,  of 
which  he  was  a  devoted  member,  he  opened  and  began  to  read  Dr.  Chapman's 
book.  By  the  time  the  family  were  ready  he  liad  read  far  enough  to  discover 
that  a  serious  question  was  raised  in  the  book,  which  it  was  necessary  for 
him,  with  his  intense  love  of  truth,  to  determine  tor  his  own  conscience  before 
proceeding  any  further  in  the  religious  life.  He  therefore  permitted  his 
lamily  to  go  alone  while  he  remained  to  finish  the  book.  Eroin  that  time  he 
commenced  an' exhaustive  inquiry  into  the  subjects  treated  of  by  Dr.  Chap- 
man, first  ransacking  all  the  libraries  of  Lexington,  and  then  sending  to 
Pluladelphia  and  New  York  for  every  available  authority.  'I'he  result  was 
his  own  strong  personal  conviction  ot  the  apostolicity  and  catholicity  of  the 
Episcopal  churcn,  and  the  production  of  a  powerlul  and  logical  argument  to 
sustain  tliat  conclusion  ;  which  was  rapidly  republished  in  several  forms, 
and  attained  a  remarkable  celebrity  in  England  as  well  as  in  America. 

Near  the  close  ot  this  same  year,  1829,  Bishop  Brownell,  of  Connecticut, 
made  an  official  visitation  of  the  infant  diocese.  By  him  the  church  building 
at  Louisville  was  consecrated,  and  a  number  of  persons  confirmed. 

In  ISol,  Bishop  Meade,  of  \"irginia,at  the  request  ot  the  preceding  conven- 
tion, made  a  mucli  more  extensive  tour  through  tlie  state,  preaching,  baptizing, 
and  confirming. 

At  the  coineution  in  1831,  the  Rev.  B.  B.  Smith,  the  newly  elected  rector 
of  Christ  Church,  Lexington,  was  chosen  bishop.  But  on  account  of  some 
inloriuality  in  the  election,  Mr.  Smith  declined.  At  the  following  convention, 
held  June  11,  1832,  at  HopkinsviUe,  the  same  gentleman  was  again  unani- 
mously elected  bishop,  and  consecrated  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New  York  citv, 


440  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF 

October  31,  1S32.  His  episcopate  has  been  one  of  liard  and  unremunerative 
labor,  uncomplainingly  performed.  The  church,  indeed,  has  jrrown  somewhat 
beyond  the  expectations  of  the  historian  Humphrey  Marshall ;  but  out  of 
the  two  early  centers,  Lexington  .and  Louisville,  its  progress  has  been  slow 
and  painful. 

For  a  short  time  after  the  consecration  of  the  bishop  the  prospect  for  the 
Episcopal  church  in  Kentucky  seemed  to  be  unusually  bright.  A  theological 
seminary  with  a  very  able  faculty  was  established,  a  large  and  valuable  li- 
brary purchased,  a  Church  paper  published  weekly,  and  conducted  with  very 
great  ability  ;  and  some  of  the  most  distinguished  divines  of  the  church  were 
congregated  at  Lexington.  Besides  tlie  bishor,  there  was  the  eminent  Dr. 
Thomas  W.  Coit,  president  of  Transylvania  University  and  professor  in  the 
theological  seminary.  There  was  the  Rev.  Henry  Caswell,  afterwards  distin- 
guished as  an  author,  and  as  an  active  worker  in  the  Church  of  England 
while  rector  of  Fighaldean  Wills  in  that  country.  There  were  the  two" Lea- 
cocks — William,  now  and  for  many  years  past  the  venerable  rector  of  Christ 
Church,  New  Orleans;  and  Hamble  J.  Leaoock,  who  attained  a  world-wide 
celebrity  as  the  "ilartyr  of  the  Pongas."  When  to  these  we  add  Mr.  Peers 
and  Dr.  Cooke — already  residing  in  Lexington  and  professors  in  the  same 
school— we  have  a  concentration  of  talent  and  intellectual  power  which  few 
cities  would  present. 

This  seemingly  auspicious  beginning  led  to  no  corresponding  results.  The 
bright  galaxy  was  soon  dispersed,  and  the  subsequent  growth  has  been  slow 
but  evidently  of  firm  and  enduring  material.  'J'he  successive  rectors  of  the 
mother  church  at  Lexington  were  the  Kev.  Edward  F.  Berkley,  the  Kev.  Dr. 
James  H.  Morrison,  and  the  present  accomplished  rector,  the  Rev.  Jacob  S. 
Shipman. 

In  Christ  Church,  Louisville,  Mr.  Shaw  was  succeeded  by  the  brilliant  Dr. 
David  C.  Page ;  and  he  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  M.  Jackson.  During  the  pastorate 
of  Mr.  Jackson,  the  old  building  was  so  crowded  that  the  congregation  erected 
a  much  larger  and  finer  church,  St.  Paul's,  and  the  rector  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  congregation  removed  to  the  latter  in  October,  1839,  leaving  only 
a  few  families  whose  attachment  to  the  early  structure  would  not  permit 
them  to  abandon  it. 

To  this  remnant  the  Rev.  Hamble  J.  Leacock  ministered  for  a  few  months. 
On  Nov.  1,  1840,  the  Rev.  Thomas  C.  Pitkin  commenced  his  work  as  the 
rector  of  this  church.  In  May,  1844,  Mr.  Pitkin,  alter  a  most  efiicient  ad- 
ministration of  nearly  four  years,  resigned,  and  the  Rev.  James  Craik,  of 
Kanawha,  Va.,  was  elected  in  his  stead.  Mr.  Craik  entered  upon  the  charge 
of  the  parish  in  Aug.,  1844,  and  has  continued  to  hold  the  same  position  down 
to  the  present  time  (1873),  29  years.  The  original  church  building  has  been 
retained,  although  frequently  enlarged  to  meet  the  growing  demand  for  ac- 
commodation ;  and  it  is  now  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  capacious  church 
edifices  in  the  country. 

In  1870,  Rev.  John  N.  Norton,  D.  D.,  so  long  the  energetic  rector  of  Ascen- 
sion Church,  Frankfort,  became  the  associate  of  Dr.  Craik  in  Christ  Church. 
The  popular  and  efficient  ministry  of  Mr.  Jackson  in  St.  Paul's  Church  was 
terminated  by  his  sudden  death  in  1844.  The  Rev.  John  B.  Gallagher,  a 
lovely  specimen  of  ministerial  fidelity,  succeeded  him.  In  Feb.,  lS49,  he 
too  was  called  from  labor  to  rest.  The  Rev.  VV^  Y.  Rooker  succeeded.  Alter 
a  stormy  pastorate  of  about  four  years  he  was  followed  by  the  Rev.  Henry 
M.  Denison,  and  he  by  the  Rev.  Francis  M.  Whittle,  the  present  Assistant 
Bishop  of  Virginia.  Upon  the  election  of  Mr.  Whittle  to  the  episcopate  in 
1868,  the  Rev.  E.  T.  Perkins,  D.  D.,  the  present  rector,  was  elected. 

At  the  21st  annual  convention  of  the  Episcopal  church,  Diocese  of  Kentucky, 
at  Frankfort,  May,  1849,  appeared  for  the  first  time,  as  a  lay  delegate  from 
Christ  Church,  Lexington,  Henry  Cl.^y,  the  greatest  of  American  statesmen. 
He  entered  into  the  deliberations  of  the  convention  with  the  remarkable 
interest  and  animation  which  characterized  his  attendance  upon  the  state 
and  national  councils  during  40  years  previous.  Although  in  his  73d  year, 
this  WU8  a.  new  field  lor  the  exercise  of  his  wonderful  powers  of  deliberation, 


THE  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH.  441 

and  he  enjoyed  it.  He  h.id  but  recently  been  baptized  and  admitted  to  the 
coiuiuunion  of  the  church. 

The  Assistant  Bishop  of  Kentucky,  the  Rt.  Rev.  George  D.  Cummins,  D.D., 
■was  consecrated  in  18(36.  He  is  distinguished  for  the  rhetorical  beauty  of 
his  sermons. 

At  the  diocesan  convention  of  1872,  the  bishop  having  nearly  completed 
the  40th  year  of  his  episcopate,  the  following  resolutions,  among  others  in 
reference  to  that  event,  and  gi'anting  him  leave  of  absence  from  the  state  for 
over  a  year,  were  adopted  : 

"  2.  We  can  not  refrain,  at  such  a  juncture,  from  the  expression  of  the  grateful 
affection  with  which  we  loolv  back  upon  this  long  period  of  self-sacrificing  and  disin- 
terested labor  for  Christ  and  his  Church. 

"  3.  In  consideriition  of  so  marked  a  period  in  the  life  of  our  venerable  Bishop,  and 
in  the  history  of  the  diocese,  and  in  the  hope  of  adding— if  ever  so  little— to  the  com- 
fort of  his  deidining  years,  a  contribution  be  made  by  every  parish  in  the  diocese  to  a 
memiirial  fund,  to  bo  presented  to  the  Bishop  in  the  name  of  the  church  in  Kentucky." 

From  tlie  Journal  of  Proceedings  of  the  44th  annua!  convention  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  tlie  Diocese  of  Kentucky,  Ma}',  1872,  it  ap- 
pears that  at  that  date  there  were  in  Kentucky — 2  bishops,  45  presbyters, 
and  4  deacons ;  37  churches,  or  "  parishes  and  congregations  ;"  3,827  com- 
mnnicants,  of  whom  365  were  .added  within  a  year;  3,212  children  and  305 
teachers  in  21  ISunday-schools ;  total  contributions  during  the  previous  year, 
$145,302. 

In  1832  there  were  in  Kentucky  6  clergy  and  the  same  number  of  organ- 
ized parishes— Lexington,  Louisville,  Danville,  Henderson,  Paris,  and  Hop- 
kinsville  ;  but  only  two  church,  buildings,  in  1846,  there  were  20  clergymen, 
13  of  them  officiating  in  as  many  parishes;  6  missionary  stations,  16  church 
editices,  about  600  families,  and  650  communicants'. 

Kev.  Dr.  Norton,  in  1872-3,  upon  a  lot  purchased  for  the  purpose,  erected 
ft  chapel,  school-room,  and  church  (called  the  "  Church  of  the  Merciful 
Saviour") — all  as  a  free  gift  from  himself  to  the  colored  people  of  the  city  of 
Louisville. 

Shelby  college,  at  Shelbyville,  was  organized  in  1836,  tninsferred  to  the 
Episcopal  church  in  1841,  and  continued  under  its  control  for  about  30  years — 
during  which  time  many  young  men  were  educated  for  the  responsibilities 
of  business  or  professional  life.  Rev.  Wm.  1.  Waller,  M.D.,  its  honored  pres- 
ident during  a  large  portion  of  that  time,  is  still  living  (1873). 

The  Theological  Setninary  was  chartered  in  1834.  It  has  an  excellent  library 
of  above  three  thousand  volumes,  and  funds  to  the  amount  of  $12,000.  Its  library 
is  now  deposited  in  the  library  room  of  Shelby  college. 

The  Rev.  John  Lythe,  of  the  Episcopal  church,  or  church  of  England,  came 
early  to  Kentucky.  When  Col.  Henderson  established  his  proprietary  govern- 
ment in  1775,  Mr.  Lythe  was  a  delegate  from  the  Harrodsburgh  station  or  settle- 
ment to  the  legislative  assembly.  The  delegates  met  on  the  23d  of  May,  1775, 
and  the  assembly  being  organized,  "divine  service  was  performed  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Lythe,  one  of  the  delegates  from  Harrodsburg."  In  the  records  of  this  legis- 
lative assembly,  we  note  the  following  proceedings: 

"The  Rev.  Mr.  Lythe  obtained  leave  to  bring  in  a  h\\\  to  prevent  profane  swear- 
ins;  and  Sabbath  breakng.  After  it  was  read  the  first  time,  it  was  ordered,  says 
the  journal,  '  to  be  re-committed ;  and  that  Mr.  Lythe,  Mr.  Todd,  and  Mr.  Har- 
rod  be  a  committee  to  make  amendments.' 

"  Mr.  Todd,  Mr.  Lythe,  Mr.  Douglas,  and  Mr.  Hite  were  appointed  a  commit- 
tee to  draw  up  a  contract  between  the  proprietors  and  the  people  of  the  colony." 

On  the  day  succeeding  the  adjournment  of  the  legislature  of  Transylvania,  (for 
so  this  legislative  council  was  termed,)  "divine  service,"  the  same  journal  re- 
cords, "  was  performed  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lythe,  of  the  church  of  England."  And 
it  was  under  the  shade  of  the  same  magnificent  elm,  that  the  voices  of  these  rude 
hunters  rose  in  accents  of  prayer  and  thanksgiving  to  the  God  of  their  fathers — 


*^-^  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF 

•hat  the  verdant  groves  of  the  land  of  the  savage  and  the  buffalo,  first  rang  with 
the  anthems  of  the  Christian's  worship,  and  echoed  back  the  message  of  the  Re- 
deemer of  the  world.     It  was  fit  it  should  be  so,  for 

"  The  groves  were  God's  first  temples."* 
We  know  nothing  further  of  the  Rev.  John  Lythe,  except  what  is  contained  in 
these  extracts  of  the  proceedings  of  the  "  Legislature  of  Transylvania."  He  was 
doubtless  the  first  minister  of  the  gospel  who  penetrated  the  wilds  of  Kentucky ; 
and,  from  the  fact  that  he  was  elected  to  the  legislative  assembly — that  he  oifici- 
ated  as  chaplain — and  that  his  name  appears  on  some  important  committees,  he 
must  have  been  a  man  of  some  note. 

The  Rev.  Jamks  Moore  was  the  first  minister  of  the  Episcopal  church  of  the 
United  Slates,  who  permanently  located  in  Kentucky.  He  emigrated  to  the 
State  in  179-2,  from  Virginia,  and  was  at  that  time  a  candidate  for  the  ministry  in 
the  Presbyterian  church.  His  trial  sermons  not  being  sustained  by  the  Transyl- 
vania presbytery,  Mr.  Moore  became  displeased  with  what  he  considered  rigor- 
ous treatment,  and  in  1794  sought  refuge  in  the  bosom  of  the  Episcopal  church. 
Soon  afterwards  he  became  the  first  rector  of  Christ's  church  in  Lexington.  In 
1798,  he  was  appointed  acting  president  of  Transylvania  university,  and  pro- 
fessor of  Logic,  Metaphysics,  Moral  Philosophy,  and  Belles-Lettres.  This  situ- 
ation he  held  for  several  years,  during  which  Transylvania  enjoyed  a  good  degree 
of  prosperity.  Mr.  Moore  was  distinguished  for  sound  learning,  devoted  piety, 
courteous  manners,  and  liberal  hospitality. 

Rev.  Benjamin  Orr  Peers,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  Episcopal  min- 
isters in  Kentucky,  was  born  at  Green  Hill,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  April  2U,  1800; 
and  died  in  Louisville,  Aug.  20,  1842 — ajjed  42  years.  His  father,  Maj. 
Valentine  Peers,  of  an  influential  Scotch-Irish  family,  emigrated  from  the 
north  of  Ireland  to  Scotland,  and  thence  to  Loudon  county,  Virginia;  and, 
Sept.  11,  1777,  when  only  21  years  old,  was  a  brigade-m.ijor  on  the  staff  of 
Brig.  Gen.  Geo.  Weedon,  at  the  battle  of  Brandywine  (or  Chadd's  Ford,  Dela- 
w.are),  where  his  ofiicers  and  soldiers  were  so  handsomely  complimented  in 
the  published  orders  of  Gen.  George  Washington  and  of  Maj.  Gen.  Nathaniel 
Greene.  His  name  appears,  also,  as  an  officer  of  the  day,  in  the  order  issued 
by  Gen.  Washington,  Sept.  28,  1777,  congratulating  the  army  on  the  victory 
of  Gen.  Gates  over  Burgoyne  at  Stillwater,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  19,  1777.*  He  emi- 
grated to  the  Lower  Blue  Lick  springs,  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  March,  18tJ3,  and 
engaged  extensively  in  manufacturing  salt;  and,  some  years  later  at  Paris 
and  Maysville,  established  cotton  factories ;  was  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
quarter  sessions  at  Paris  ;  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  church  for  many 
years;  and  died  at  Maysville,  June,  1830,  aged  74.  His  son  Benjamin  was 
educated  partly  at  the  Bourbon  academy;  took  his  first  arts  degree  at  Tran- 
sylvania university  under  the  early  part  of  the  presidency  cf  the  celebrated 
Dr.  Horace  HoUey,  about  1820;  and  before  the  resignation  of  the  same  presi- 
dent, in  1827,  was  chosen  by  the  trustees  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the 
university  and  its  professor  of  moral  philosophy.  Meantime,  he  was  educated 
at  Princeton  theological  serain.ary  for  the  ministry  of  the  I'resby  terian  church ; 
but  changing  his  views  of  church  polity,  was  ordained  a  deacon  ol  the  Episco- 
pal church,  by  the  venerable  Bishop  Moore,  of  Virginia,  in  1826. 

Prof.  Peers  felt  that  his  special  vocation  in  the  holy  ministry  was  as  an 
educator  of  youth.  Under  an  appointment  from  the  governor  of  Kentucky, 
in  1829,  he  visited  the  New  England  and  Middle  States — to  examine  their 
systems  of  common  school  education.  This  trust  he  executed  faithfully; 
and  on  his  return — by  lecturing  in  various  towns,  and  by  communications  in 
the  public  press — exerted  a  powerful  influence  in  molding  the  popular  will 
in  favor  of  the  present  common  school  system  of  Kentucky.  He  established 
at  Lexington  a  male  school  of  a  high  order,  the  Eclectic  Institute,  which  was 
very  successful  and  popular;  in  1832,  he  associated  with  him  in  its  manage- 
ment, those  two  model  educators— Henry  A.  Griswold  (deceased  at  Louisville, 
when  president  of  Hank  of  Kentucky,  1873),  and  Dr.  Robert  Peter,  the  eminent 

»  Records  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  by  W.  T.  R.  Saffell,  pp.  339-343. 


THE  EPISCOPAL   CHURCH.  443 

chemist  (still  living,  June,  1873).  But  while  atill  at  its  head,  in  1833,  he  w.ia 
elected  [tlie  lil'tli]  president  of  Transylvania  University— which  position, 
against  tlie  advice  of  many  warm  friends,  he  accepted,  and  held  for  nearly 
two  years,  resigning  in  1835.  During  his  term,  the  present  Morrison  college 
building  was  completed,  and  on  Nov.  14,  1833,  publicly  dedicated.  BVom 
LexingUin  he  went  immediately  to  Louisville,  and  opened  a  select  school  for 
boys;  and  wheu  St.  Paul's  Church  was  organized,  in  the  spring  of  1835,  he 
was  elected  the  first  rector.  In  1838,  he  was  called  to  New  York,  to  the 
head  and  directorship  of  the  educational  interests  of  the  Episcopal  church 
in  the  United  States,  and  became  editor  of  TAe  Journal  of  Christian  Education, 
and  of  the  Sunday-school  publications  of  the  church.  His  constitution, 
never  strong,  broke  down  under  these  accumulated  labors.  By  medical  ad- 
vice he  went  to  Cuba  for  his  health,  but  did  not  improve ;  and  returning  by 
New  Orleans  and  the  river  route,  reached  LouisvUle — and  lingered  a  few 
weeks,  until  his  death  as  above,     lie  fell  early,  and  at  the  post  of  duty. 

Mr.  Peers  was  distinguished  not  only  for  his  zealous  devotion  to  the  cause 
of  general  education,  but  lor  sound  learning  and  ardent  piety.  His  published 
writings  were  not  extensive — the  work  on  "Christian  Education  "  appears  to 
have  been  his  favorite. 

Kev.  William  Jackson  was  a  native  of  Tutbury,  England — one  of  five 
brothers  of  whom  three  became  distinguished  ministers  of  the  Episcopal 
church  in  this  country.  William  came  from  New  York  to  the  rectorship  of 
Christ  Church,  Louisville,  in  July,  1837,  in  the  fullness  of  his  powers  and  of 
his  reputation.  During  his  rectorship  a  singular  and  remarkable  event  took 
place— tlie  building  by  the  members  of  his  congregation  of  a  new  church,  St. 
Paul's,  to  which  Mr.  Jackson  and  the  greater  part  of  the  congregation  of 
Christ  Church  removed,  Oct.  6,  1839,  leaving  a  few  old  and  attached  members 
of  the  latter  to  begin  again  the  struggle  of  gathering  a  new  congregation.  Mr. 
Jackson  was  a  preacher  of  great  eloquence,  much  of  which  was  owing  to  his 
habit  of  frequent  extempore  preaching.  After  some  years  of  service  in  St. 
Paul's,  he  was  struck  down  while  in  the  act  of  writing  his  sermon  for  the 
following  Suuday  ;  "  \iy  eternity  then,  by  an  eternity  of  happiness,  we  demand 
your  attention  to  your  own  salvation.  It  is  Solomon's  last  great  argument, 
and  it  shall  be  ours.  With  this  we  shall  take  our  leave  of  this  precious  por- 
tion of  Cod's  word."  These  were  his  last  words,  written  or  spoken — to  be 
sounded  as  a  voice  from  the  dead,  in  the  ears  of  successive  general  ions  of 
the  people  of  Louisville.* 

Right  Rev.  Benjamin  Bosworth  Smith,  D.  D.,  first  Episcopal  bishopof  Ken- 
tucky, was  horu  m  Bristol,  Rliode  Island,  June  13,  1794;  graduated  at  Brown 
University,  1816;  was  ordained  a  deacon,  April  17,  1817,  and  priest  in  1818; 
rector  in  Virginia,  1820-23;  in  Middlebury,  Vermont,  18-!3-2S ;  of  a  mission 
in  Philadelplua,  and  editor  of  Episcopal  Recorder,  1828-3U;  rector  of  Christ 
Cliurcli,  Lexington,  Ky.,  1830-37,  during  which  time,  at  the  4th  annual  con- 
vention, June  ll,  1832,  he  was  elected  bishop,  and  was  consecrated  at  St. 
Paul's  Chapel,  New  York  city.  Out.  31,  1832,  at  the  same  time  with  the  late 
Bishops  McUvaine,  of  Ohio,  and  Meade,  of  Virginia — ^but  being  tiie  first  of 
ihe  three  upon  whom  the  consecrating  hands  were  hiid,  obtained  precedence; 
was  superintendent  of  public  instruction  in  Kentucky,  at  the  head  of  the 
commou  school  system,  iS4U-42,  and  lectured  in  76  out  of  the  yo  counties  in 
the  state.  Since  the  death  of  Bishop  Hopkins,  of  Vermont,  1872,  he  has  been 
the  senior  and  presiding  bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the 
United  States.      He  is  still  living  (June,  1873),  in  his  8Uth  year. 

Right  Kev.  George  D.  Cummins,  D.  D.,  assistant  bishop  of  the  Episcopal 
Diocese  of  Kentucky,  was  born  in  Kent  CO.,  Delaware,  Dec.  11,  1822;  gradu- 
ated at  Dickinson  College,  Pa.,  1841  ;  was  ordained  deacon,  1845,  and  priest, 
1847  ;  rector  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  1847  ;  at  Richmond,  Va.,  1853;  at  Washington 
city,  1855;  at  Baltimore,  1858;  and  at  Chicago,  1853  ;  chosen  assistant  bishop 

»  Historical  Sketches  of  Christ  Church,  Louisville,  pp.  77-82. 


444  THE  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 

of  Kentucky,  Jane  1,  1866,  and   consecrated   in    Christ  Church,  Louisville, 
Nov.  15,  1866;  now  (1873)  in  his  51st  year. 

Rev.  James  Craik,  D.  D.,  was  born  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  Aug.  31,  1806; 
practiced  law  for  several  years  in  western  Virginia ;  determined  to  change 
his  profession,  and  after  a  thorough  study  of  the  prescribed  course,  was  or- 
daiued  by  Bishop  Meade,  1839 ;  exercised  the  duties  of  the  sacred  ministry 
in  the  region  where  he  had  practiced  law — in  Charleston,  West  Virginia, 
and  a  large  extent  of  neighboring  country,  until  Aug.,  1844,  when  he  removed 
to  Louisville  and  entered  upon  the  rectorship  of  Christ  Church,  to  which  he 
had  been  unanimously  elected.  May  27,  1844,  and  where  he  still  ministers 
(June,  1873),  in  the  UOth  year  of  his  pastorate. 

His  "  Fastural  Letter  to  the  Congregation  "  in  Aug.,  1854,  reviewing  the  10 
years  of  his  ministry  just  closed,  shows  that  during  that  time  the  baptisms 
in  Christ  Church  were  638,  there  had  been  confirmed  219,  and  the  additions 
to  the  communion  had  been  271.  The  parochial  statistics  fur  the  next  8 
years,  to  1862,  were — Baptisms  342,  confirmations  249,  and  254  added  to  the 
list  of  communicants.*  The  report  of  the  same  to  the  annual  convention  in 
May,  1872,  shows  baptisms  162  and  confirmations  91,  within  the  year  previous, 
and  a  total  membership  of  554,  of  whom  106  were  added  within  a  year.  A 
wonderful  record  of  faithful  labor  and  its  blessing! 

Dr.  Craik  has  been  president  of  the  House  of  Clerical  and  Lay  Deputies  at 
each  of  the  sessions  of  the  Ceneral  Convention  from  1862  to  1871,  inclusive; 
and  has  spared  time  to  make  the  following  valuable  contributions  to  church 
literature  ;  "  The  Divine  Life  and  the  New  Birth,"  "The  Incarnation,  a  Sup- 
plement to  '  The  Divine  Life  and  the  New  Birth,'  "  "  Did  and  New,"  and 
"  t^ketohes  of  the  History  of  Christ  Church,  Louisville." 

Rev.  John  N.  Norton,  D.  D.,  already  spoken  of,  is  descended  from  two 
Virginia  families,  Norton  and  Nicholas,  who  removed  to  western  New  York 
some  time  after  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  was  quite  a  near  relative  of  the 
late  chancellor,  S.  S.Nicholas,  of  Louisville.  Few  men  in  the  ministry  have 
been  more  thoroughgoing  or  more  extensively  useful  than  Dr.  N.  He  is  the 
author  of  many  books :  A  numerous  series  of  small  volumes  entitled  "  Lives 
of  the  Bishops;"  several  volumes  of  very  popular  "  Short  Sermons,"  "Full 
Proof  of  the  Ministry;"  "  Life  of  Washington,"  etc.,  etc. 


Historical  Sltotches  of  Christ  Cburoh,  Louisville,  1862,  pp.  118,  128. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 


The  history  of  Methodism  in  Kentucky  is  replete  with  interest.  It  was 
organized  in  the  district  when  there  was  scarcely  a  cabin  outside  of  the  forts 
in^all  its  broad  domain.  Its  standard-bearers  were  e.xposed  to  privations,  suf- 
ferings, and  dangers,  the  recital  of  which  seem  more  like  romantic  stories  than 
the  sober  realities  of  history.  It  was  planted  and  nourished  amid  opposition 
and  difficulties  that  brave  hearts  only  could  surmount.  Thi3  extraordinary  suc- 
cess that  has  attended  it— growing  up  in  eighty-five  years  from  a  single  society 
of  only  a  few  members  to  a  membership  of  nearly  eighty  thousand,  vrith  more 
than  five  hundred  ministers  (traveling  and  local),  church  edifices  in  nearly 
every  community,  schools  and  .seminaries  of  learning  in  different  portions  of  the 
state— its  truths  proclaimed  in  every  neighborhood,  carrying  the  tidings  of  a 
Redeemer's  love,  with  equal  celerity,  to  the  homes  of  the  rich  and  the  cottages 
of  the  poor — it  is  invested  with  an  importance  at  once  attractive  and  com- 
manding. 

In  17b;6  the  name  of  Kentucky  appears  for  the  first  time  in  the  General  Min- 
utes of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  The  Kentucky  circuit  embraced  the 
entire  district,  now  known  as  the  state  of  Kentuckj'.  To  this  field  of  minis- 
terial labor  James  Haw  and  Benjamin  Ogden  were  appointed,  as  the  Jirst  regu- 
lar itinerant  preachers,  in  May  of  that  year,  although  it  was  late  in  the  summer 
before  they  reached  Kentucky.  They  had  been  preceded  by  a  few  local 
preachers,  among  whom  Francis  Clark  stands  preeminent  as  the  founder  of 
Methodism  in  Kentucky.  As  early  as  1783  Mr.  Clark,  accompanied  by  John 
Durham,  a  class-leader,  and  others  of  his  neighbors,  with  their  families,  left 
Virginia  and  settled  in  Mercer  counry.  He  immediately  organized  a  class,  the 
first  in  the  far  West,  about  six  miles  from  where  Danville  now  stands.  Mr. 
Durham  was  appointed  leader  of  this  class. 

Methodist  families  had  also  settled  in  other  portions  of  the  district.  Among 
the  first  was  that  of  Thomas  Stevenson,  who,  with  his  wife — among  the  first 
converts  to  Methodism  on  the  American  continent— had  emigrated  from  Mary- 
land and  settled  in  Mason  county,  two  and  half  miles  southwest  of  Washington. 
In  their  house  a  church  was  organized  in  1786. 

It  was  at  no  small  cost  the  gospel  of  Christ  was  preached  to  the  early  settlers. 
The  lives  of  the  preachers  were  in  constant  danger  from  the  Indians.  Some- 
times they  were  guarded  from  one  fort  to  another,  but  oftener  plodded  their 
perilous  way  alone. 

The  conference  minutes  of  1787  show  a  membership  in  Kentucky,  of  90  whites, 
colored  none.  In  1787  James  Haw  was  returned  to  Kentucky,  with  Thomas  Wil- 
liamson and  Wilson  Lee  as  his  colleagues.  At  the  close  of  this  year  the  mem- 
bersliip  was  420  white  and  60  colored.  In  1788  two  circuits,  called  Lexington 
and  Danville,  were  formed  from  or  in  place  of  Kentucky  circuit.  Francis  Poy- 
thress  and  James  Haw  were  sent  as  elders,  and  Thomas  Williamson,  Peter 
Massie,  and  Benjamin  Snelling  to  Lexington,  and  Wilson  Lee  to  Danville  cir- 
cuit. The  membership,  at  the  close  of  this  year,  had  increased  to  812  white 
and  51  colored.  In  1789  Mr.  Poythress  was  the  presiding  elder,  while  James 
Haw,  Wilson  Lee,  and  Stephen  Brooks  were  assigned  to  the  Lexington,  and 
Barnabas  McHenry  and  Peter  Massie  to  the  Danville  circuit. 

During  this  year  the  labors  of  the  preachers  were  attended  with  extraordinary 
success.  The  experience  of  Poythress  and  Haw,  the  sound  and  logical  preach- 
ing of  McHenry,  the  persuasive  eloquence  of  Wilson  Lee,  and  of  Brooks,  with 
the  hcly  zeal,  tlie  pathos,  and  the  tears  of  Peter  Massie,  together  with  the  ear- 
nestness of  James  O'CuU,  a  local  preacher  of  remarkable  talents,  who  had  just 
emigrated  from  Pennsylvania,  had,  under  the  blessing  of  Heaven,   invested 

(445) 


446  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF  THE 

Methodism  with  a  commanding  influence.  At  the  close  of  tne  year  1039  white 
and  5 1  colored  members  were  reported — a  net  increase  of  227. 

In  the  spring  of  1790  Bishop  Asbury  visited  Kentucky,  where  for  the  first 
time  an  annual  conference  was  held.  He  was  accompanied  b^  Kichard  VVhat- 
coat — afterward  elected  bishop — and  also  by  Hope  Hull  and  John  Leawell, 
men  well  known  in  those  da3's  as  ardent,  zealous,  and  useful  preachers.  The 
conference  was  held,  commencing  on  the  loth  of  May,  at  Masterson's  station, 
five  miles  northwest  of  Lexington,  where  the  first  Methodist  church  in  Ken- 
tucky—a  plain  log  structure — was  erected.    This  house  is  still  standing  (1871). 

A  volunteer  company— Rev.  Peter  Massie,  John  Clark,  and  eight  others — 
guarded  the  bishop  from  Virginia.  On  the  seventh  day  of  the  journey  they 
reached  Richmond,  and  on  the  tenth,  Lexington.  Bishop  Asbury,  alluding  to 
this  journey,  says:  "1  vras  strangely  outdone  for  want  of  sleep.  Our  way  is 
over  mountains,  steep  hills,  deep  rivers,  and  muddy  creeks — a  thick  growth  of 
reeds  for  miles  together,  and  no  inhabitants  but  wild  beasts  and  savage  men. 
I  slept  about  an  hour  the  first  night,  and  about  two  the  last.  We  ate  no  reg- 
ular meals;  our  bread  grew  short,  and  I  was  much  spent."  On  his  way  he 
"saw  the  graves  of  the  slain — twenty-four  in  one  camp" — who  had,  a  few 
nights  previous,  been  murdered  by  the  Indians. 

The  conference  was  composed  of  six  members,  namely,  Francis  Poythress, 
James  Haw,  Wilson  Lee,  Stephen  Brooks,  Barnabas  McHenry,  and  Peter  Mas- 
sie. Three  elders  were  ordained,  preaching  had,  noon  and  night,  souls  were 
converted,  and  the  fallen  restored.  A  plan  was  fixed  for  a  school,  called  Bethel, 
and  £300  in  land  and  money  subscribed  toward  its  establishment. 

The  conference  lasted  but  two  days.  On  Monday,  the  17th,  Bishop  Asbury 
preached,  ten  miles  from  Lexington,  to  a  large  number  of  people,  with  great 
power.  "  The  house  was  crowded,  day  and  night,  and  often  the  floor  was 
covered  with  the  slain  of  the  Lord,  and  the  house  and  the  woods  resounded 
with  the  shouts  of  the  converted."  Thus  the  visit  of  the  bishop — the  first 
bishop,  of  any  denomination,  ever  in  Kentucky — was  greatly  blessed,  and  a 
fresh  impulse  given  to  the  infant  church  in  Kentucky.  Remarkable  as  was 
his  career — born  in  England,  converted  when  quite  a  youth,  holding  public 
meetings  at  seventeen,  preaching  before  he  was  eighteen,  appointed  by  Mr. 
Wesley  to  America  at  the  age  of  twenty-six,  and  at  the  Christmas  conference 
in  Baltimore,  in  1784,  unanimously  elected  bishop — there  was  a  singular  fitness 
in  his  being  the  pioneer  bishop  of  the  pioneer  state,  sent  to  organize  the  pio- 
neer conference.  The  conference  was  an  humble  one,  and  small  in  the  begin- 
ning—only six  preachers — but  these  ministers  were  destined  to  go  forth  as  the 
heralds  of  the  cross,  shedding  the  mellow  light  of  Christianity,  and  spreading 
the  triumphs  of  the  gospel  through  every  settlement  of  the  state,  winning 
many  trophies  to  the  Redeemer  from  the  ranks  of  sin.  It  was  their  mission 
to  lay  deep  and  wide  the  foundations  of  a  system  whose  teachings  should  bless 
the  nations;  to  plant  here,  upon  virgin  soil,  the  evergreen  tree  of  Christianity 
— which,  though  the  storms  of  opposition  should  gather  around  it  and  the 
lightnings  of  persecution  play  upon  it,  should  continue  to  grow  until  its 
boughs  should  spread  over  every  hill-top  and  upon  every  vale — offering  a  shel- 
ter to  the  weary  and  way-worn  pilgrim  on  his  journey  to  the  grave. 

Two  additional  circuits  in  Kentucky,  the  Limestone  and  Madison,  were  added 
this  year,  and  nine  preachers,  instead  of  six,  appointed — among  them,  for  the 
first  "time,  Henry  Birchett,  David  Haggard,  Samuel  Tucker,  and  Joseph  Lil- 
lard.  At  the  close  of  this  year  were  reported  1459  white  and  94  colored  mem- 
bers— a  net  increase  of  463.  Cumberland  circuit  was  really  a  part  of  Ken- 
tucky district,  but  is  not  included  here  because  located  mainly  in  northern 
and  middle  Tennessee. 

Up  to  this  period,  in  addition  to  the  local  preachers  mentioned,  thirteen 
itinerants  had  been  appointed  to  this  dangerous  and  remote  field.  A  deep 
interest  will  ever  be  felt  in  the  history  of  the  noble  men  who  sacrificed  so 
much,  and  labored  so  untiringly  to  plant  Methodism  in  the  West.  The  briefest 
outline  of  their  lives  and  labors  can  only  be  given  in  this  sketch. 

James  Haw,  in  1781,  was  the  junior  preacher  in  the  Isle  of  Wight;  and 
afterwards  traveled  the  South  Branch,  Amelia,  Bedford,  and  Brunswick  cir 


METHODIST   EPISCOPAL   CHURCH.  447 

cuita,  all  in  Vircinia.  He  spent  five  years  in  the  itinerant  ministry  in  Ken- 
tucky— in  1786  and  1787,  as  superintendent  of  the  Kentucky  district,  and  also 
in  1788,  but  conjointly  with  Francis  Poythreas.  In  1789  he  was  in  charge 
of  the  Lexington  circuit,  and  in  1790  was  transferred  to  the  Cumberland  cir- 
cuit in  Tennessee.  At  the  close  of  this  year's  labor  his  name  appears,  with 
eifrht  others,  in  answer  to  the  question,  "  Who  are  under  a  location  through 
weakness  of  body  or  family  concerns?"  He  settled  in  Sumner  county,  Ten- 
nessee, where  he  preached  as  a  local  preacher  until  1795,  when  he  became 
dissatisfied  and  joined  the  O'Kelly  branch  of  Methodists  (who,  in  1792,  had 
separated  from  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  on  the  subject  of  episcopacy 
and  the  elective  franchise).  In  ISOO  he  attached  himself  to  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  continued  to  preach  for  several  years— dying,  as  he  had  lived,  a 
Christian. 

Benjamin  Ogden  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1764,  and  when  quite  a  young 
man  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  embraced  religion  in  1784, 
at  the  age  of  twenty,  and  in  1786  was  admitted  on  trial  as  a  traveling  preacher 
and  appointed  to  the  wilderness  of  Kentucky.  In  1787  he  was  on  the  Cum- 
berland circuit — the  first  preacher  to  carry  the  gospel  message  to  Middle  Ten- 
nessee. But  his  excessive  labors  and  the  exposure  of  pioneer  preacher-life  so 
Impaired  his  health  that  Bishop  Asbury  solicited  his  return  to  Virginia,  and 
placed  him  on  the  Brunswick  circuit,  in  1788.  But  here  again  he  was  at- 
tacked with  disease  of  the  lungs,  and  prostrated — compelling  his  retirement 
from  the  efl'ective  ranks.  In  1790  he  was  ordained  a  deacon,  and  the  same 
year  was  an  active  local  preacher  in  Frederick  county,  Virginia;  and  soon 
after,  in  the  same  capacity,  returned  to  Kentucky.  A  misunderstanding,  a  few 
years  later,  with  the  presiding  elder,  Francis  Poythress,  led  to  the  severing  of 
his  connection  with  the  church,  but  beyond  this,  seems  not  to  have  affected  his 
living  "in  the  fear  of  the  Lord;"  with  emotions  of  pleasure  he  contemplated 
and  prayed  for  the  prosperity  of  the  cause  of  God.  In  1816  he  applied  to  the 
Tennessee  conference  for  readmission,  and  was  appointed  to  the  Henderson  cir- 
cuit; but  his  health  gave  way,  and  at  the  close  of  the  year  he  retired  for  some 
years.  In  1824,  again  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  conference,  he  was  as- 
signed to  the  Tennessee  mission,  and  during  the  next  two  years  to  the  Chris- 
tian and  the  Yellow  Banks  circuits,  where  he  labored  foithfully  and  with 
success.  At  the  conference  of  1827  he  was  placed  on  the  superannuated  roll, 
on  which  he  remained  until  he  "fought  his  last  battle."  It  had  been  his 
often  expressed  wish  to  die  in  the  effective  ministry;  and  although  this  priv- 
ilege was  denied  him,  yet  during  the  few  years  that  immediately  preceded  his 
death,  he  laboi-ed  far  beyond  his  strength.  "  I  wish  to  die,"  said  he,  "having 
the  whole  armor  on.  contending  like  a  good  soMier  for  the  prize."  He  died 
of  dyspepsia,  Nov.  20,  1834,  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  near  Princeton,  Ky. 
A  Christian  of  the  highest  type,  his  last  moments  were  full  of  calmness  and 
hope. 

Thomas  Wili.hmson  was  admitted  on  trial  in  1785,  and  traveled  the  Yadkin 
and  Salisbury  circuits  in  North  Carolina.  In  1787  he  was  in  charge  of  Ken- 
tucky circuit;  in  1788,  of  Danville,  and  in  1789,  of  Cumberland  circuit — 
returning,  in  1790,  to  the  Danville  circuit  for  two  years;  after  which,  having 
"literally  worn  himself  out  in  traveling  and  preaching,"  he  asked  for  a  loca- 
tion. He  died  near  Lexington,  in  great  peace.  He  was  a  good  man,  and  a 
very  excellent  and  successful  preacher. 

Wit.son  Lee  was  born  in  Sussex  county,  Delaware,  November,  1761,  and 
admitted  into  the  traveling  connection  in  1784.  He  was  sent  out  to  labor  in 
Kentucky  in  1787,  and  continued  to  labor  in  the  different  appointments  as- 
signed him,  as  a  man  of  God  esteemed  very  highly,  for  his  work's  sake,  until 
1792.  From  that  conference  he  was  transferred  to  the  east,  where  he  con- 
tinued to  labor  until  he  finished  his  course,  by  the  rupture  of  a  blood  vessel, 
in  Anne  Arundel  county,  Maryland,  October  11,  1804.  Wilson  Lee  was  a 
preacher  of  no  ordinary  acceptability,  correct  in  the  economy  of  himself  and 
others.     As  an  elder  and  presiding  elder  he  showed  himself  a  workman  that 


448  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF  THE 

needed  not  to  be  ashamed.  Professing  the  sanctifying;  grace  of  God,  he  carried 
about  him  the  air  and  port  of  one  who  had  communion  with  heaven;  his  life 
and  conversation  illustrated  the  religion  he  professed.  He  hazarded  his  life 
upon  all  the  frontier  stations  he  filled,  from  the  Monongahela  to  the  Cumber- 
land river,  all  through  Kentucky.  He  had  to  ride  from  station  to  station,  and 
from  fort  to  fort,  sometimes  with,  and  sometimes  without  a  guide. 

Fraxo[S  Poytheess  became  identified  with  the  inf;\nt  church  in  Kentucky 
in  1788,  having  begun  his  career  as  an  itinerant  in  1775,  and  labored 
continuously  in  ^Maryland,  Virginia,  and  North  Carolina,  in  the  years 
1786-7,  as  a  presiding  elder.  In  this  capacity  he  had  charge  of  the  Kentucky 
district  for  ten  consecutive  years,  contributing  probably  more  than  any  other 
minister  to  the  struggling  cause.  In  1798  his  appointment  was  to  a  district 
embracing  parts  of  Virginia  and  Tennessee;  in  1799,  again  he  led  the  hosts  in 
Kentucky;  while  in  1800,  he  was  put  in  charge  of  a  district,  of  fifteen  circuits, 
in  North  Carolina,  a  field  too  great  for  his  strength.  He  returned  to  Kentucky, 
but  not  to  his  labors  in  the  ministry.  Twenty-four  years  of  such  labor  as  he 
had  undergone  was  too  much  for  mortal  strength.  His  bodily  health  was 
prostrated,  and  his  mind  shattered  and  deranged.  After  1802  his  name  dis- 
appeared from  the  roll  of  elders  and  ministers.  The  last  years  of  his  life  were 
spent  at  his  sister's,  Mrs.  Susanna  Pryor,  twelve  miles  south  of  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  where  in  1818  he  closed  his  earthly  pilgrimage. 

Peter  Massib,  of  all  the  itinerant  preachers  identified  with  the  fortunes  of 
Methodism  in  Kentucky,  was  the  first  who  died,  as  he  was  the  first  man  con- 
verted in  the  State  who  became  an  itinerant.  He  was  among  the  fruits  of  the 
revival  of  1786.  In  1788  he  entered  the  conference,  and  traveled  successively 
the  Lexington,  Danville,  Cumberland,  and  Limestone  districts.  He  was  a 
very  pathetic  preacher,  and  was  eminently  useful.  His  talents  were  fair,  his 
personal  appearance  attractive,  his  voice  soft  and  plaintive.  He  was  a  good 
singer,  fascinating  in  his  address,  and  remarkable  for  his  zeal.  His  death 
occurred  on  the  19th  of  December,  1791,  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Hodges,  four 
miles  Avest  of  Nashville,  Tennessee,  whither  he  had  gone  on  a  visit,  having 
traveled  the  Cumberland  circuit  the  previous  year.  During  the  night  before 
his  death  he  suffered  considerably,  but  in  the  morning  took  his  place  at  the 
table.  Expressing  a  wish  to  visit  other  friends,  Mr.  Hodges  suggested  to  him 
that  he  would  soon  be  able  to  travel.  To  which  he  replied:  "If  I  am  not  well 
enough  to  travel  I  am  happy  enough  to  die."  These  were  his  last  words.  In 
a  few  moments  he  fell  from  his  seat,  and  suddenly  expired.  He  was  buried  by 
a  negro  boy  who  had  escaped  the  evening  before  from  the  Indians,  but  who 
had  been  converted  previously  under  the  preaching  of  Mr.  Massie  (Mr. 
Hodges  being  too  ill  to  assist  in  the  interment).  His  cofiin  was  simply  rude 
ash  slabs,  split  for  the  purpose. 

Benjamin  Snei.ling  entered  the  conference  in  1788,  traveled  one  year  on 
the  Lexington  circuit,  but  the  second  year  on  the  Fairfax  circuit,  Virginia. 
After  one  year  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  was  appointed  to  the  Madison 
circuit.  His  name  the  next  year  disappears  from  the  minutes,  probably  by 
location.     He  settled  in  Bath  county,  where  he  died  in  1856. 

Stephen  Brooks  was  admitted  on  trial  in  1789,  and  appointed  to  the  Lex- 
ington circuit  with  James  Haw  and  Wilson  Lee,  and  the  next  year  on  the 
Danville  circuit,  laboring  with  zeal  and  energy.  In  1792  he  was  appointed  to 
Sevier  circuit,  East  Tennessee;  and  in  1793  located  in  East  Tennessee.  In 
1796  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention  that  framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
State  of  Tennessee.  As  a  gentleman,  he  is  represented  as  courteous  and 
affable;  as  a  Christian,  a  perfect  model;  as  a  minister  of  Christ,  of  the  first 
order  of  talents.  Of  him  a  gentleman  once  said;  "If  he  had  to  hear  but 
one  sermon  before  dying,  he  would  choose  Stephen  Brooks  to  preach  it," 

Joseph  Lillard  was  born  in  Virginia  and  came  to  Kentucky  when  quite 
young.     He  entered  the  itinerant  ministry  in  1790,  and  was  appointed  to  the 


i 


METHODIST   EPISCOPAL  CHUKCH.  '*'*•' 

Limestone  circuit.  His  next  and  (as  a  result  of  ill  health)  last  appointment 
was  to  the  Salt  Kivei-  circuit.  He  located,  and  then  settled  near  Harrodsburg, 
and  lived  to  a  good  old  age.  In  his  local  relations  to  the  church,  although 
as  a  preacher,  unpretending,  yet,  by  the  sanctity  of  his  life,  and  devotion  to 
the  church,  he  was  very  uselul.  He  died  about  1853,  while  on  his  way  to  Mis- 
souri. It  is  not  known  when,  where,  or  how  he  died.  His  friends  think  he 
was  murdered. 

Barnabas  MoHenry  was  born  December  6,  1707,  in  North  Carolina,  but 
raised  in  Virginia;  joined  the  Methodist  Church  at  fifteen,  and  at  nineteen 
entered  on  his  itinerant  career  on  the  Yadkin  circuit,  North  Carolina.  In 
1788  he  was  in  Kentucky,  on  the  Lexington  circuit,  and  in  1789  on  the  Dan- 
ville circuit,  with  Peter  iVlassie  for  colleague.  During  the  next  three  years  he 
traveled  the  Madison,  Cumberland,  and  Salt  River  circuits;  and  spent  the  next 
two  years  in  Bast  Tennessee  and  Virginia.  At  the  conference  of  1795,  he 
located.  He  had  previously  married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Col.  John 
Hardin,  an  accomplished  and  pious  lady.  He  taught  school  for  two  years  in 
JVankfort,  and  for  one  year,  each,  in  Danville  and  Richmond ;  afterward 
removing  to  his  farm,  four  miles  south-east  of  Springfield,  Washington  county, 
where  he  remained  most  of  the  time  until  his  death.  While  sustaining  the 
local  relation,  he  devoted  much  time  to  preaching  the  gospel.  In  1818  he 
re-entered  the  conference,  and  was  appointed  to  the  Salt  Kiver  district.  In 
1821  he  had  charge  of  the  Bardstown  and  Springfield  station;  but  in  1822, 
because  of  broken  health,  was  placed  finally  on  the  superannuated  list.  He 
died  of  cholera,  .June  15,  1833.  Mrs.  McHenry,  assuring  all  of  confidence 
in  God,  and  that  she- felt  sustained  by  his  grace,  died  a  few  hours  after  him, 
and  husband  and  wife  rest  together  in  the  same  grave.  The  next  day.  Sab- 
bath, the  16th,  a  daughter  and  grand-daughter  fell  victims  to  the  same 
destroyer,  and  a  common  grave  received  their  uncoffined  forms,  laid  there  by 
kindred  hands,  to  be  followed  by  yet  another  victim,  the  youngest  daughter, 
only  three  days  after.  What  a  dispensation  of  events  in  a  single  family  in  less 
than  one  short  week!  But  to  the  anguish  of  that  terrible  death-scene  succeeded 
"the  rest  that  remains  for  the  people  of  God."  The  intellectual  piety  of  Mr. 
McHenry,  added  to  his  purity  and  zeal,  had  made  him  femous,  popular,  and 
useful.  "  In  the  early  days  of  the  Commonwealth,  no  country  was  so  dis- 
tinguished for  young  professional  men  as  Kentucky.  Kowan,  Daveiss,  Pope, 
Allen,  and  many  others,  were  among  the  foremost  young  men  at  the  bar  in 
America.  In  the  ministry,  also,  were  young  men  of  marked  ability,  among 
whom  Barnabas  McHenry  occupied  a  prominent  place.  On  one  occasion,  in 
1819,  the  y<mng  lawyers  named  were  going  from  Louisville,  where  they  had 
been  in  attendance  at  the  Quarter  Session  Court,  to  Bardstown,  and  stopped  at 
a  small  tavern  midway  between  the  two  places  where  they  found  Mr.  McHenry, 
who  had  also  stopped  to  spend  the  night.  Full  of  genius  and  humor,  although 
familiar  with  the  reputation  and  with  a  deep  reverence  for  the  piety  of  the 
young  preacher,  they  ventured  too  far  over  the  line  of  solemn  respect  in  their 
sportive  talk  on  the  subject  of  religion.  To  this  he  made  no  reply.  When 
the  time  for  repose  had  come,  the  landlord,  as  was  always  the  habit  in  that 
country,  placed  before  the  young  preacher  the  Bible,  and  politely  invited  him 
to  lead  the  devotions  of  the  evening.  He  read  a  chapter,  and  they  all  knelt 
in  prayer.  After  a  most  ardent  and  impressive  presentment  of  the  company 
to  the  mercy  of  the  Creator,  he  uttered,  in  the  sweetest,  kindest  voice,  for 
which  he  was  remarkable,  '  O  Lord,  thou  hast  heard  the  conversation  to-night ; 
pardon  its  folly.'  The  young  lawyers  arose  from  their  knees,  and  retired  with 
silent  respect.  Each  felt  the  rebuke,  and  wished  to  let  the  preacher  see  that 
he  felt  it.  The  next  morning  they  greeted  him  with  a  cordial  shake  of  the 
hand,  and  an  expression  of  demeanoi-  that  said  plainly;  'We  honor  you  and 
your  religion.'     The  preacher  and  the  lawyers  were  firm  friends  all  their  lives." 

Henky  Birchett  entered  the  itinerant  ministry  in   1788.     He  was  a  Vir- 
ginian by  birth.     The  wants  of  the  Church  in  Kentucky  required  ministerial 
help,  and  he  cheerfully  volunteered  for  this  distant  and  dangerous  field.     In 
the  circuits  he  traveled  he  was  eminently  useful  and  remarkably  popular.     He 
I. ..29 


450  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   THK 

wag  regarded  an  excellent  preacher,  while  his  zeal  scarcely  knew  any  bounds. 
He  looked  on  the  children  as  the  future  hope  of  the  Church,  and  in  their 
moral  and  religious  instruction  took  the  deepest  interest.  He  formed  the 
children  into  classes,  sang  and  prayed  with  them,  catechised  them,  and  ex- 
horted them.  For  many  years  after  he  had  "  entered  into  rest,"  his  memory 
was  green  and  his  name  fragrant  among  the  young  people. 

Datid  Haggard  accompanied  Mr.  Birchett  into  Kentuckv,  and  for  two 
years,  1J90-91,  was  a  faithful,  acceptable,  and  useful  preacher  on  the  Lex- 
ington circuit.  His  previous  labors,  and  those  for  several  years  subsequent, 
were  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina.  He  became  connected  with  the  O'Kelly 
schism;  and  afterward  with  the  New  Lights,  and  died  in  their  communion. 

Samuel  Ttoker,  in  1790,  was  appointed  to  the  Limestone  circuit,  but  on 
his  way  down  the  Ohio  river,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  Brush  creek,  the  boat 
was  attacked  by  Indians,  and  the  crew  all  killed  except  Mr.  Tucker,  who  wag 
mortally  wounded.  With  extraordinary  coolness  he  defended  the  boat  to 
the  last,  and  reached  Limestone  (Maysville)  alive,  but  soon  died  of  his 
wounds.  His  remains  now  lie  in  the  cemetery  at  Maysville,  with  no  stone  to 
mark  his  grave.  A  local  preacher,  named  Tuckkr,  was  murdered  by  Indians 
near  Greensburg,  Kentucky,  about  the  same  time. 

We  have  thus  presented  a  brief  outline  of  the  first  thirteen  itinerant 
preachers  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Kentucky.  These  sketches 
are  too  short  to  give  more  than  a  faint  conception  of  the  characters  of  these 
noble  men,  together  with  the  dangers  they  incurred,  and  tRe  sacrifices  they  met, 
to  plant  Christianity  in  the  uncultivated  West. 

Benjamin  Northcott  was  admitted  on  trial  at  the  second  conference  that  was 
held  in  Kentucky,  at  Masterson's  station,  May  1st,  1793,  and  appointed  that  year 
to  Lexington  circuit.  In  1793  he  was  sent  to  Limestone  circuii.  This  year  he 
married  and  settled  in  the  neiorhborhood  of  Flemingsburg,  where  he  long  lived>- 
a  preacher  of  holiness — illustrating  the  same  in  life. 

William  Burke  was  born  in  Loudon  county,  Va.,  on  the  13th  of  January,  1770, 
and  was  received  into  the  traveling  connection  in  1791,  at  McKnight's,  on  Tar 
river,  North  Carolina,  and  appointed  to  West  New  river,  in  Virginia.  Met  again  in 
conference  in  the  next  year  in  the  rich  valley  of  Holstein,  near  the  salt  works,  on 
the  15th  May,  and  appointed  to  Green  circuit,  in  the  Western  Territory  (now  East 
Tenn.).  Met  again  in  conference  at  Nelson's  on  the  13th  of  April,  1793,  at  which 
conference  he  volunteered  for  Kentucky,  came  out  and  attended  the  conference  held 
at  Masterson's  station  on  the  6th  of  May,  1793,  and  was  appointed  that  year  to 
Danville  circuit.  Met  again  in  conference  at  Bethel  Academy,  in  Jessamine  county, 
on  the  15th  of  April,  1794,  and  appointed  to  Hinkston  circuit.  During  the  year 
traveled  Hinkston,  Salt  river,  and  Lexington.  As  a  faithful,  effective,  and  labo- 
rious itinerant,  William  Burke  continued  to  travel  various  circuits  and  districts 
in  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  North  Carolina,  and  Ohio,  until  1808,  when  he  was 
changed  from  effective  to  a  supernumerary  relation,  and  appointed  to  Lexington 
circuit.  In  1809  he  was  appointed  to  the  Green  river  district,  and  continued  in 
that  extensive  and  laborious  work,  until  conference  met  in  Cincinnati,  October 
1st,  1811,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  Miami  circuit,  including  Cincinnati.  In 
1812,  from  the  conference  which  met  that  year  in  Chillicothe,  he  was  appointed 
to  Cincinnati  station,  the  first  station  west  of  the  mountains.  In  the  fulfilling  of 
that  work,  he  lost  his  voice  entirely,  and  was  placed  in  a  supernumerary  relation 
for  several  years.  He  then  superannuated,  which  relation  he  sustained  to  the 
Kentucky  conference.  As  a  preacher,  William  Burke  stood  among  the  first  in 
his  day.  Possessing  a  cultivated  and  accurate  memory,  he  stored  it  richly  with 
Bible  truths,  and  joining  with  his  biblical  knowledge  a  deep  acquaintance  with 
human  nature,  he  was  enabled  to  adapt  his  sermons  to  the  varied  characters  of  his 
hearers;  nor  did  he  fail,  whenever  a  fit  occasion  offered,  to  rebuke  sin  boldly  in 
high  places.  Possessing  a  large,  muscular  frame,  he  had  a  great  deal  of  native 
physical  courage,  and  this,  added  to  high  moral  purpose,  made  him  one  of  tht> 


I 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL    CHUECH  451 

innst  fearless  and  at  the  same  time  most  effective  men  in  planting  the  gospel  of 
Jesus  Christ  in  a  new  country.  There  are  thousands  in  Kentucky,  who  yet 
remember  the  voice  of  William  Burke  pealing  the  thunders  of  Sinai  around 
them,  and  then  softly  wooing  the  melted  heart  to  the  foot  of  the  cross. 

Methodism,  planted  as  we  have  seen  in  Kentucky,  as  late  as  1783,  grew 
rapidly  up  to  I7D0  in  numbers.  In  that  year,  at  the  conference  held  at  Masterson's 
station,  the  numbers  reported  were 

Whites.  Colored 

Lexington 424 32 

Limestone *J6 — 

Danville 322 26 

Madison 212 8 

Cumberland 241 41 

1265  107 

Limestone  circuit  was  taken  from  Lexington,  and  Madison  from  Danville  cir 
cuit,  this  year.  When  we  take  into  consideration  the  fact  that  the  country  was 
at  that  time  sparsely  populated,  the  increase  of  numbers  is  somewhat  surprising. 
In  a  little  more  than  three  years  from  the  hour  that  the  first  missionary  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  began  to  preach  among  them  a/ree,  present,  and  full 
salvation,  we  find  that  a  church  has  sprung  up,  embracing  within  its  pale  a  mem- 
pership  of  nearly  1400.  Well  might  the  hardy  pioneers  of  that  day  say  "behold 
what  God  has  wrought."  The  increase  of  membership  in  Kentucky  appears  to 
have  been  steady  and  uniform  in  its  growth. 

In  the  accomplishment  of  the  work  in  which  these  men  were  engaged,  the 
local  preachers  were  faithful  auxiliaries,  and  in  pushing  forward  the  Redeemer's 
kingdom,  they  united,  heart  and  hand,  with  their  pious  leaders.  Sacrifice, 
toil,  and  sutt'ering  were  endured,  and  the  local  preachers  shared  it.  They 
shunned  no  hardship,  they  avoided  no  danger,  but  anxious  to  save  souls,  and 
to  plant  Methodism  in  the  land  that  was  to  be  the  home  of  their  children,  they 
preached  and  labored  side  by  side  with  the  men  whose  names  we  have 
recorded. 

Between  the  conference  of  1790  and  that  of  1800,  there  was  an  increase  in 
membership  of  651 — making  a  total  of  1,741.  During  this  period  we  find 
among  the  preachers  several  names  which  deserve  to  be  cherished  throughout 
the  generations  to  come — men  whose  talents  placed  within  their  reach  any 
position,  and  whose  zeal  and  devotion  rendered  them  eminently  successful  as 
ministers  of  the  Gospel  of  Christ.  It  is  but  seldom  that  any  decade,  out 
of  so  small  a  number  of  preachers  as  in  Kentucky  during  these  ten  years,  has 
furnished  so  many  men  of  such  superior  talents.  For  extraordinary  powers 
Benjamin  Northcutt  excelled.  The  sermons  of  John  Ray  abounded  in 
strength  and  wit,  while  the  most  pathetic  and  stirring  appeals  ever  and  anon 
fell  from  the  lips  of  James  Ward.  John  Page  combined  clear  logical  thought 
with  the  witchery  of  oratory,  Benjamin  Lakin  was  plain,  practical,  con- 
vincing, Valentine  Cook  was  scholarly,  profound,  masterly  in  an  argument, 
and  overwhelming  in  the  enforcement  of  the  great  truths  of  Christianity. 
William  Burke  was  familiar  with  every  phase  of  controversy,  and  at  home  in 
every  department  of  theological  discussion.  His  intellectual  powers  were  of 
the  highest  order.  These  men  have  all  passed  away,  bearing  testimony  in 
their  last  moments  to  the  truth  and  saving  power  of  the  religion  they  had 
preached. 

At  the  conference  of  1800,  there  were  five  circuits  in  Kentucky,  to  which 
six  preachers  were  appointed.  From  1800  to  1810,  the  increase  was  much 
greater  than  during  the  previous  ten  years.  The  whole  number  of  members 
in  1810  was  7,0.57,  of  whom  583  were  colored.  There  were  two  presiding- 
elder  districts  in  the  state  of  Kentucky,  and  a  portion  of  a  third  district;  and 
fourteen  circuits,  to  which  twenty-five  preachers  were  appointed.  Among  the 
names  prominent  at  this  period,  and  not  previously  mentioned,  were  those  of 
William  McKendree,  Lewis  Garrett,  Learner  Blackman,  James  Axley,  Peter 


452  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   THE 

Cartwriglit,  Miles  Harper,  Samuel  Parker,  Elisha  W.  Bpwman,  William 
Winans,  and  Josliua  Ojjlesby.  Among  the  local  preacliera  are  Gabriel  and 
Daniel  Woodfield,  John  Baird,  Nathaniel  Harris,  Philip  W.  Taylor,  Henry 
Ogburn,  William  Forman,  and  Joseph  Ferguson. 

It  was  during  this  period  that  Kentucky  was  visited  with  a  most  extra- 
ordinary revival  of  religion.  Commencing  in  1799,  in  Logan  county,  under 
the  mini.-itry  of  John  and  William  McGee,  two  brothers — the  former  a  Meth- 
odist and  the  latter  a  Presbyterian — it  spread  all  over  the  state  and  into  Ten- 
nessee, and  under  its  influence  thousands  were  awakened  and  converted  to 
God.  The  preachers  whose  names  we  have  just  mentioned,  together  with 
those  referred  to  in  the  former  decade,  by  their  untiring  zeal  and  earnest 
labors,  pushed  forward  the  victories  of  the  cross,  until  Methodism  was  planted 
in  almost  every  portion  of  the  state.  Its  great  centers,  from  which  a  hallowed 
influence  went  out,  were  Masterson's  station  in  Fayette  county,  Clarke's  sta- 
tion in  Mercer,  Ferguson  and  Chaplin  chapels  in  Nelson,  Level  Woods  (now 
in  Larue),  Brick  chapel  in  Shelby,  Ebenezer  in  Clarke,  Grassy  Lick  in  Mont- 
gomery, Muddy  Creek  and  Foxtown  in  Madison,  Mount  Gerizim  in  Harrison, 
Thomas'  meeting-house  in  Washington  (now  Marion),  and  Sandusky  station 
(now  Pleasant  Run)  in  Marion. 

Among  the  preachers  at  this  time  in  Kentucky,  William  McKendree  stood 
preeminent.  He  entered  upon  the  work  in  the  West  at  a  most  propitious 
period.  The  "  Great  Revival"  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  had  commenced 
previous  to  his  appointment  to  the  Kentucky  district  as  presiding  elder,  and 
at  the  time  he  entered  upon  his  labors,  throughout  this  whole  region,  a  reli- 
gious excitement  was  spreading  and  prevailing.  In  company  with  Bishops 
Asbury  and  Whatcoat  he  passed  through  a  considerable  portion  of  Kentucky 
reviewing  this  section  of  his  field  of  labor,  preaching  with  extraordinary  fer- 
vor, and  bringing  the  wealth  of  his  princely  intellect  and  of  his  tireless 
energy,  and  laying  all  upon  the  altar  of  the  church.  Traveling  his  vast  dis- 
trict, he  had  been  but  a  few  months  on  the  ground  till  he  understood  perfectly 
his  field  of  labor,  moving  day  and  night,  visiting  families,  organizing  societies, 
and  holding  quarterly  conferences.  It  was  his  constant  practice  to  travel 
from  thirty  to  fifty  miles  a  day  and  preach  at  night.  AH  classes  of  people 
flocked  to  hear  him.  Statesmen,  lawyers,  doctors,  theologians,  of  all  denom- 
inations, clustered  around  him,  saying,  as  they  returned  home,  "  Did  you  ever 
hear  the  like  before  ?"  Some  were  so  captivated  that  they  would  say :  "  Never 
man  spake  like  this  man."  Wherever  he  went  he  carried  a  holy  influence, 
which,  like  "aflame  of  fire,"  spread  in  every  direction.  True,  sometimes  he 
was  depressed,  for  he  was  mortal;  but,  nothing  daunted,  he  moved  with  steady 
and  resistless  step,  an  example  of  labor  and  piety  among  his  brethren.  Deep 
streams  could  not  divert  him  from  his  course,  high  mountains  presented  no 
barrier,  the  rains  of  summer  and  the  snows  of  winter  alike  unmoved  him. 
Often  he  swam  the  turbid  streams  to  reach  the  appointments  he  had  made. 
And  many  a  time,  after  a  long  day's  travel,  he  lay  out  in  the  woods  at  night, 
hungry  and  cold,  with  no  other  covering  than  his  clothes  and  saddle-blanket, 
and  the  blue  sky  above  him. 

Mr.  McKendree  was  elevated  to  the  Episcopal  office  in  1808;  and  in  1809 
the  name  of  Learner  Blackman  appears  as  the  presiding  elder  on  the  Cumber- 
land district,  embracing  all  of  West  Tennessee,  part  of  Middle  Tennessee,  on 
the  waters  of  Elk  and  Duck  rivers,  Madison  county,  in  the  Mississippi  terri- 
tory, and  all  Kentucky,  below  the  mouth  of  Green  river,  and  the  counties  of 
Ohio  and  Breckinridge,  above  Green  river.  Mr.  Blackman  was  no  ordinary 
man.  He  was  converted  to  God  and  brought  into  the  church  in  the  spring  of 
1797,  through  the  instrumentality  of  John  Collins,  a  young  Methodist  preacher, 
who  had  married  Mr.  Blackman's  sister.  Although  Mr.  Collins  became  dis- 
tinguished in  the  ministry,  yet  in  his  earlier  efforts  to  preach  the  gospel  he 
gave  no  signs  of  promise.  His  wife — the  first  of  her  father's  family  who  was 
converted,  and  who  had  joined  the  church  at  the  same  time  with  her  husband 
— feeling  a  deep  solicitude  for  his  reputation,  advised  him  to  desist,  stating  at 
the  same  time  that  he  could  never  succeed.  "I  think  it  likely,  Sarah,"  was 
his  candid  reply;  "but  though  I  may  never  become  a  respectable  preacher 
myself,  it  is  my  purpose  to  continue  trying  until  1  am  instrumental  in  the  con- 


MKTHODIST    EPISCOPAL   CHURCH.  453 

version  of  some  one  who  will  make  a  preacher;"  nor  was  it  long  before  he  was 
instrumental  in  the  conversion  of  Learner  Blackman. 

From  the  time  Mr.  Blackman  entered  the  ministry,  in  1800,  he  was  "  a 
burning  and  a  shining  light."  His  career  as  a  preacher,  however,  was  brief,  in- 
cluding only  fourteen  years,  During  this  time  no  man  labored  with  more  con- 
stant devotion  or  more  untiring  zeal.  Success  crowned  his  labors,  for  thousands 
through  his  instrumentality  were  brought  to  Christ.  In  personal  appearance 
he  was  commanding  and  attractive,  nearly  six  feet  high,  and  remarkably 
straight.  In  the  pulpit  he  stood  erect,  while  his  address  was  most  pleasing. 
His  voice  was  soft  and  agreeable,  and  its  modulations  in  exact  accordance 
with  nature.  In  every  department  of  his  work  he  excelled.  If  he  preached 
upon  the  duties  of  Christianity,  he  impressed  upon  his  hearers  the  paramount 
importance  of  a  holy  life.  If  he  presented  the  great  doctrines  of  the  Bible,  he 
handled  error  with  a  giant  arm.  Frequently  he  bore  down  every  thing  before 
him.  Inspired  often  with  the  grandeur  of  his  theme,  he  arose  to  the  loftiest 
heights  of  oratory,  and  in  words  of  burning  eloquence  portrayed  the  "exceed- 
ing sinfulness  of  sin;"  and  then,  "dipping  his  pencil  in  living  light,"  he  would 
"paint  the  agonies  that  Jesus  bore"  on  Calvary,  while  the  hundreds  who 
eat  before  him  would  be  melted  to  tenderness  and  tears.  Such  was  Learner 
Blackman. 

In  1810,  as  already  stated,  there  were  in  Kentucky  two  presiding  elder's 
districts  and  a  portion  of  a  third:  in  1820  there  were  three  districts  and  part 
of  a  fourth.  In  1810  there  were  fourteen,  and  in  1820  twenty-eight  circuits — 
to  which  latter  fifty  preachers  were  appointed.  In  1820  were  reported  14,035 
white  and  1,63.5  colored  members — an  increase  in  ten  years  of  6,928  white  and 
1,0.52  colored  members. 

Among  the  preachers  who  entered  the  ministry  during  this  period,  Marcus 
Lindsey,  Jonathan  Stamper,  William  McMahon,  William  Adams,  Samuel  Par- 
ker, and  Henry  B.  Bascom  became  eminent. 

From  the  time  he  made  his  appearance  in  Kentucky  as  a  preacher,  Mr. 
Bascom  not  only  took  rank  with  the  ablest  ministers  of  the  church,  but  he 
attracted  more  than  ordinary  attention  in  the  public  mind.  The  sunshine  of 
fortune  had  not  smiled  on  his  early  years,  nor  had  he  been  blessed  with  the 
advantages  that  education  bestows.  Converted  in  childhood,  he  entered  the 
ministry  when  only  a  youth.  Grappling  with  difficultites,  before  he  became  a 
preacher,  that  seemed  almost  insurmountable,  he  held  them  in  abeyance  to 
his  wishes.  Not  conforming  to  certain  notions  then  prevalent,  his  entrance 
into  the  ministry  met  with  opposition,  while  in  the  prosecution  of  his  work, 
persecutions  bitter  and  relentless  pursued  him  at  every  step.  Without  the 
sympathy  of  the  church,  to  the  weltiire  of  which  he  was  devoting  his  strength, 
and  opposed  by  many  of  his  seniors  in  the  ministry,  of  whom  he  expected  en- 
couragement, yet  courted  by  other  communions,  he  spurned  their  propositions 
and  remained  alike  unmoved  to  the  chilling  words  of  censure  or  the  warm 
breath  of  praise.     Such  was  Henry  Bidleman  Bascom. 

He  was  the  son  of  Alpheus  and  Hannah  Bascom,  and  was  born  May  27, 
1796,  in  the  town  of  Hancock,  Delaware  county,  New  York.  He  embraced 
religion  August  18,  1810,  and  the  next  spring  joined  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  His  father  emigrated  to  the  West  in  1812,  and  settled  in  or  near 
Maysville,  Ky.  He  remained  here  but  a  short  time,  when  he  removed  to 
Ohio,  about  five  miles  from  Maysville,  in  the  direction  of  Ripley,  where  he 
located  permanently.  The  poverty  of  the  family  made  it  necessary  for  Henry 
to  labor  constantly  for  their  support,  in  any  manner  that  offered  most  remu- 
neration— at  one  time  even  in  driving  a  dray.  He  never  went  to  school  after 
he  was  twelve  years  of  age.  The  conviction  was  upon  him  that  he  ought  to 
preach,  and  at  "fifteen  years  of  age  he  began  to  exhort.  In  February,  1813, 
before  he  was  seventeen,  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  appointed  to  Brush 
Creek  circuit.  In  the  Ohio  conference  of  that  year  he  was  admitted  on  trial, 
and  appo.'nted  to  Deer  Creek  circuit,  and  in  1814  to  Guyandotte  circait,  in 
Virginia. 

Such  a  prejudice  sprang  up  against  Mr  Bascom — partly  because  of  his  fine 
personal  appearance  and  handsome  address,  and  of  his  ornate  style  in  the 
pulpit,  but  mainly  because  he  did  "not  either  dress  or  look  like  a  Methodist 


454  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF  THE 

preacher" — as  prevented  his  admission  into  full  connection  and  his  election 
to  deacon's  orders.  On  the  Guyandotte  circuit  the  miserable  pittance  of 
twelve  dollars  and  ten  cents  was  all  he  received  for  his  year's  services,  but  he 
murmured  not.  Xeither  poor  fare,  poor  pay,  nor  difficulties  and  privations 
such  as  few  have  to  encounter,  disheartened  him.  He  patiently  labored 
and  endured,  in  humble  confidence  that  with  the  blessing  of  God  would  come, 
in  time,  the  acknowledgment  and  encouragement  which  the  conference  had 
never  long  withheld  from  others.  His  faithful  work  in  the  immense  field  of 
the  Mad  river  circuit,  extending  from  the  Scioto  river  westward  beyond  the 
Great  Miami,  and  northward  into  the  Indian  country,  did  not  even  disarm  op- 
position. Although  the  next  conference  refused  him  the  orders  to  which  he 
was  entitled,  good  Bishop  McKendree  said,  "Give  me  that  boy;  I  will  be 
responsible  for  him."  His  diary,  about  that  time,  abounds  with  passages 
which  show  his  humility,  his  love  of  prayer,  his  often  resort  to  secret 
prayer  "in  the  woods,"  his  sweet  trust  in  his  Redeemer. 

In  1816-17  he  preached  in  the  Danville  and  Madison  circuits  in  Kentucky, 
and  in  1818-19  at  Louisville — the  first  preacher  ever  stationed  in  that  city. 
So  great  was  his  popularity  here  that  many  influential  citizens — not  familiar 
with  the  then  law  of  the  church — united  in  a  petition  to  the  bishop,  at  the 
ensuing  conference,  to  return  him  to  Louisville  for  the  third  year.  In  1820 
he  was  appointed  on  the  Madison  circuit,  as  junior  preacher,  and  in  1821,  to 
the  Hinkstone  circuit,  as  third  man;  it  was  no  wonder  that  ^uch  results  of 
opposition  in  Kentucky  drove  him  back  to  the  Ohio  conference,  at  his  own 
request,  where,  in  1822,  he  was  again  appointed  to  his  first  circuit.  Brush  creek. 

In  1823,  while  stationed  at  Steubenville,  Ohio,  he  was  elected — through  the 
influence  of  the  great  statesman  of  Kentucky,  Henry  Clay — as  chaplain  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  Congress.  In  the  interim  between  the  sessions 
of  Congress  he  preached  in  several  of  the  large  Eastern  cities  to  admiring 
thousands.  His  efforts  at  Baltimore  and  Annapolis  gained  him  reputation  as 
the  first  pulpit  orator  of  the  world.  At  Harrisburg  and  Philadelphia,  and  at 
several  camp-meetings,  great  crowds  attended  on  his  ministry,  and  hundreds 
were  awakened  and  converted  to  God.  His  two-year  appointment  to  Congress 
seemed  to  greatlv  extend  the  sphere  of  his  usefulness. 

In  1824  the  Pittsburgh  conference,  to  which  he  had  been  transferred,  ap- 
pointed him  to  the  city  of  Pittsburgh;  and,  in  1825,  as  conference  missionary. 
In  the  latter  field  he  was  received  with  great  enthusiasm,  and  his  mighty 
talents  were  more  blessed  to  the  glory  of  God  than  ever  before.  In  1826  he 
was  stationed  in  Uniontown,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  president  of  Madison  col- 
lege, in  that  place,  in  1827  and  1828.  For  two  years,  1829-30,  he  was  agent 
for  the  American  Colonization  Society.  He  was  transferred,  in  1831,  to  the 
Kentucky  conference,  and  elected  to  the  professorship  of  moral  science  and 
belles-lettres  in  Augusta  college,  which  he  filled  for  ten  years.  During  this 
time  he  was  elected  president  of  Louisiana  college,  and  had  tendered  him  the 
presidency  of  Missouri  university,  but  declined  both  honors  He  was  subse- 
quently elected  and  for  some  years  served  as  president  of  Transylvania  uni- 
versity— during  which  time  that  venerable  institution  seemed  to  revive  its  an- 
cient glory  and  enter  upon  a  new  career  of  usefulness. 

Between  the  years  1840  and  1845  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  con- 
ferred upon  President  Bascom  by  two  colleges  and  two  universities,  and  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  by  LaGrange  college,  Alabama. 

In  1828  he  was  first  elected  a  delegate  to  the  general  conference — which 
generous  confidence  of  his  fellow-ministers  he  so  handsomely  retained  as  to  be 
chosen  to  every  general  conference  up  to  the  period  of  his  election  as  bishop, 
at  St.  Louis,  in  1850. 

In  1845,  at  the  convention  of  delegates  from  the  annual  conferences,  held  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  by  a  ratio  of  six  to  one,  the  organization  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  South  was  determined  upon,  and  the  necessary  measures 
taken  to  effect  it — Dr.  Bascom,  as  chairman  of  the  committe  on  that  subject, 
preparing  a  report  remarkable  for  its  ability  and  clearness,  and  which  met  the 
almost  unanimous  approbati.m  of  that  distinguished  body.  The  general  con- 
ference of  1846,  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  established  the  "Methodist  Quarterly  Re- 
view," and  elected  Dr.  Bascom  editor;  and  also  appointed  him  chairman  of 


J 


METHODIST   EPISCOPAL   CHURCH.  455 

the  board  of  commissioners  to  settle  the  controversy  between  the  Methodist 
churches,  North  and  South.  In  1S49  he  prepared  for  publication  a  volume 
of  his  sermons,  which  had  a  rapid  sale  and  met  with  great  public  favor. 

The  St.  Louis  conference,  tlie  only  one  he  lived  to  attend  as  bishop,  met 
July  10,  1S.50.  After  its  adjournment  he  visited  the  Indian  Manual  Labor 
school,  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  preached  on  his  tour,  at  Weston,  Booneville, 
Lexington,  and  St.  Louis.  The  latter  was  the  last  sermon  he  ever  preached— 
an  effort  of  great  power,  and  of  two  hours'  continuance — in  the  afternoon  of  tlie 
Inst  Sabbath  in  July,  1850.  He  reached  Louisville,  on  his  homeward  journey 
to  Lexington,  on  the  2d  of  August,  too  sick  to  proceed  further,  and  died,  at  the 
residence  of  Rev.  Dr.  Stevenson,  on  Sunday,  Sept.  8,  1850,  aged  54  years— in 
the  meridian  of  his  fame,  and  just  as  a  new  and  brighter  career  of  usefulness 
had  opened  before  him. 

"  The  death  of  no  preacher  of  the  gospel  in  America  ever  produced  such  a 
thrill  of  sorrow  throughout  the  country  as  that  of  Bishop  Bascom.  The  press 
every-where  teemed  with  tributes  of  respect  to  his  memory;  but  the  church 
of  which  he  had  so  long  been  an  ornament  was  clad  in  deepest  mourning,  lu 
his  personal  appearance  he  was  faultless.  His  hair  was  black,  and  rather 
thin:  his  eye  was  also  black,  and  beamed  keen  with  sentiment.  His  forehead 
resembled  that  of  Daniel  Webster  in  lofty  expansion;  it  seemed  the  very 
throne  of  intellect.  The  lips  were  thin,  and,"in  connection  with  the  chin,  indi- 
cated great  firmness  and  decision  of  character.  The  general  cast  of  his  coun- 
tenance approached  a  calm  sternness;  but  when  unbent  in  fivmiliar  conversa- 
tion, his  features  became  touchingly  fine.  His  voice,  of  late  years,  after  the 
affection  of  his  throat,  was  somewhat  husky,  but  it  left  sharp  and  distinct  upon 
the  ear  the  rapid  words  which  clothed  his  ideas.  At  its  best  it  must  have  pos- 
sessed an  untold  power  of  impression,  and  sounded  with  the  ring  of  a  '  clear, 
uplifted  trumpet'  One  of  his  hearers  spoke  of  it  as  'articulate  thunder.'  His 
gesticulation  was  natural,  evidently  unstudied,  and  prompted  by  the  emotion 
of  the  moment.  It  was  none  the  less  telling  on  that  account.  Obviously,  it 
was  his  wont  to  throw  himself  upon  the  rushing  stream  of  passion,  without 
thinking  at  all  of  gesture,  voice,  or  manner."  .  .  .  .  "  To  the  church — to 
the  highest  interests  of  what  he  conceived  to  be  the  cause  of  Christ  in  the 
■world— Dr.  Bascom  devoted  his  enthusiasm,  his  energies,  and  activities  He 
did  this  without  reserve,  witliout  pause,  and  not  without  strong  temptations 
from  the  highest  worldly  inducements,  in  an  opposite  direction.  '  Poor  and 
embarrassed  as  I  am,'  he  wrote  to  a  brother  minister,  who,  under  the  stress 
of  narrow  circumstances,  was  looking  to  the  profession  of  the  law,  'I  am  re- 
solved to  have  no  client  but  Him  who  at  first  employed  me  to  plead  the  great 
cause  of  human  salvation;  and  1  know  my  fee  will  be  certain  and  large.' 
What  things  were  gain  to  him,  those  he  counted  loss  for  Christ.  Faithfully, 
bravely,  and  to  the  end,  he  stood  by  his  early  convictions  as  a  Methodist 
minister.  " 

The  general  conference  of  1820  provided  for  the  formation  of  the  state  of 
Kentucky  into  a  seperate  annual  conference,  although  the  first  session  was 
not  held  until  1821. 

In  1830  were  reported  six  districts,  embracing  51  circuits  and  stations,  to 
which  93  preachers  were  appointed.  The  increase  in  membership  from  1820 
to  1830  was  8,870  whites,  and  3,649  colored.  The  total  membership  was 
28,189. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  inquire  whether  Methodism  had  kept  pac;e  with  the 
populaticm.  In  1820  the  total  population  of  Kentucky  was  685,049.  The 
membership  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  the  same  time  was  15,670 — 
about  one  forty-third  of  the  population  being  Methodists.  In  1830  the  popula- 
tion of  the  State  was  854,194,  while  the  Methodist  Church  had  increased  to 
28,189 — being  in  the  ratio  to  the  total  population  of  about  one  to  thirty. 

The  preachers  who  entered  the  ministry  during  this  decade,  and  became 
eminent  in  the  Church,  were:  Edward  Steveinson,  Peter  Akers,  George  C. 
Light,  Thomas  A.  Morris,  Edwin  Kay,  Benjamin  T.  Crouch,  Lewis  Parker, 
Hulibard  Hinde  Kavanaugh,  Jnhn  Fisk,  Joseph  S.  Tomlinson,  Charles  M. 
HoUiday,  William  Gunn,  John  P.  Durbin,  Littleton  Fowler,  Silas  Lee,  and 
Thomas  N.  Ralston. 


456  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   THE 

Hubbard  Hinde  Kavanaugh,  -was  born  January  14,  1.S02,  in  Clarke 
county,  Kentucky.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  printing 
business,  under  Rev.  John  Lyle,  at  Paris;  was  converted  to  God,  November 
3,  1817,  and  two  months  after  joined  the  Methodist  church;  in  September, 
1822,  he  was  licensed,  and,  while  preaching,  edited  and  published  the 
"Western  Watchman,"  at  Augusta.  Entering  the  conference  in  1823,  for 
thirty-one  years  he  devoted  himself  to  his  holy  oiEce,  as  pastor  in  all  the  prin- 
cipal towns  and  cities — ranking  from  the  tirst  as  one  of  the  most  eloquent 
and  gifted  ministers  in  Kentucky.  In  1854  he  was  elected  a  bishop,  the 
duties  of  which  (January,  1874),  he  continued  to  perform  with  great  zeal  and 
acceptance — honored  of  God  and  beloved  of  man  and  the  church. 

In  1840,  were  reported  eight  districts,  embracing  83  circuits  and  stations, 
to  which  109  preachers  were  appointed.  The  membership  was  30,679  white, 
and  6,321  colored,  a  total  increase  in  ten  years  of  6,811. 

In  1850  there  were  in  the  state  two  conferences,  the  Kentucky  and  Louis- 
ville, together  with  the  Padncah  district  in  the  Memphis  conference;  in  all 
13  districts,  with  123  circuits  and  stations,  to  which  138  preachers  were 
appointed.  The  membership  was  36,104  white,  and  8,.527  colored — a  total 
increase  of  7,631. 

In  1860  were  reported  15  districts,  embracing  173  circuits  and  stations,  to 
which  183  preachers  were  appointed.  The  membership  was  46,181  white, 
and  10,634  colored — an  increase  since  1850  of  11,584. 

In  1870  were  reported  18  districts,  embracing  213  circuits  and  stations,  to 
which  235  preachers  were  appointed.  The  membership  was  45,522  white, 
and  487  colored. 

The  statistics  thus  far  show  the  numerical  strength  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  South.  During  this  decade  the  colored  Methodists  were  set  off 
into  a  separate  organization,  which  accounts  for  the  apparent  decrease  in  their 
membership.  Besides  tho>e  we  have  mentioned,  there  are  in  Kentucky  19,508 
members  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  (North). 

The  statistics  are  as  follows : 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South,  Whites 45,522     Colored,    487 

"  "        North,  Whites  and  Colored,  19,508 

Colored  Methodists  in  different  organizations,  12,000 


Total 77,517 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  table  that  since  the  introduction  of  Method- 
ism into  Kentucky,  its  advance  has  been  steady,  with  only  occasional  inter- 
ruptions. During  the  recent  civil  war  the  progress  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church  South  was  for  awhile  arrested,  and  its  numbers  greatly  diminished, 
but  since  the  termination  of  the  war  it  has  regained  all  that  it  had  lost. 
From  the  meeting  of  the  conferences  in  1865  to  1870,  a  period  of  only  five  years, 
the  increase  was  13,584;  being  greater  than  during  any  previous  five  years 
of  its  history.  The  past  twelve  months,  the  increase  in  the  Kentucky  and 
Louisville  conferences  reached  nearly  three  thousand.  Not  indilferenE  to  the 
cause  of  education,  the  first  school  of  high  grade  established  in  the  district, 
before  Kentucky  became  a  state,  was  under  the  auspices  of  Methodism ;  and 
now  the  Kentucky  Wesleyan  University  at  Millersburg,  and  the  incipient  col- 
lege at  Bowling  Green,  (the  former  under  the  patronage  of  the  Kentucky,  and 
the  latter  of  the  Louisville  conference,)  and  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute, 
near  the  capital  of  the  state — together  with  its  female  colleges  at  Millersburg, 
at  Shelbyville,  at  Louisville,  and  at  Kussellville — indicate  the  deep  interest 
Methodism  is  taking  in  the  education  of  the  young.  Adhering  to  the  doc- 
trines of  the  gospel  that  has  rendered  it  so  influential  in  winning  souls  to 
Christ,  the  depravity  of  man's  nature — redemption  through  Jesus  Christ — the 
agency  and  witness  of  the  Spirit — the  regeneration  and  sanctification  of 
man's   nature,  we  trust  its  future  will  be  brighter  and  more  glorious  than 


1 


HISTORICAL   SKETCH 


PRESBYTERIAN      CHURCH. 


In  the  year  1783,  the  Rev.  David  Rice  immigrated  to  KentucUy,  and  was  the 
3rd.  Presbyterian  minister  who  crossed  the  mountains.  He  gathered  the  scattered 
Presbyterians  into  regular  congregations,  at  Danville,  Cane  run,  and  the  forks 
of  Dick's  river.  He  was  followed  the  next  year  by  the  Rev.  Adam  Rankin,  who 
jrathered  the  church  at  Lexington,  and  the  Rev.  James  Crawford,  who  set- 
tled at  Walnut  Hill.  In  the  year  1786,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Craighead,  and  t;ie 
Rev.  Andrew  McClure  were  added  to  the  number.  These  ministers  were  shortly 
after  organized  into  a  presbytery  under  the  name  of  the  presbytery  of  Transyl- 
vania ;  a  euphonious  and  classical  epithet  for  the  backwoods.  All  the  above 
named  persons  were  from  Virginia,  except  Mr.  Craighead,  who  was  of  North 
Carolina 

The  presbytery  of  Transylvania  met  in  the  court  house  at  Danville,  on  Tues- 
day, October  17,  1786.  Mr.  Rice  presided  as  moderator,  by  appointment  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  Mr.  McClure  acted  as  clerk. 
The  following  ministers  were  present:  Rev.  David  Rice,  Adam  Rankin,  Andrew 
McClure,  .lames  Crawford,  and  Terah  Templin,  recently  ordained  by  a  commis- 
sion of  Hanover  presbytery.  There  were  five  ruling  elders  present,  as  ri!pre- 
sentatives  of  as  many  churches,  viz  :  Messrs.  Richard  Steele,  David  Gray,  John 
Bovel,  Joseph  Reed,  and  Jeremiah  Frame. 

There  were  at  this  time  twelve  congregations  in  a  more  or  less  perfect  state  of 
organization,  viz.:  Cane  River,  Concord  (Danville),  the  forks  of  Dick's  run, 
New  Providence  (McAfee's  station).  Mount  Zion  (Lexington),  Mount  Pisgah, 
Salem,  Walnut  Hill,  Hopewell,  Paint  Lick,  Jessamine  creek,  Whitley's  station, 
and  Crab  Orchard. 

By  the  year  1802,  the  number  of  Presbyterians  had  so  multiplied,  as  to  call  for 
the  erection  of  a  synod.  Accordingly,  on  Tuesday,  October  14,  180-2,  the  synod 
of  Kentucky  held  its  first  meeting,  in  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Lexington.  Mr. 
Rice  preached  the  opening  sermon,  and  was  elected  moderator.  Mr.  Marshall 
was  chosen  clerk.  The  number  of  members  present  was  thirty ;  of  whom  sev- 
enteen were  ministers,  and  thirteen  elders.  The  total  number  of  ministers  within 
the  bounds  was  thirty-seven.  The  synod  was  composed  of  the  three  presbyte- 
ries of  Transylvania,  West  Lexington,  and  Washington  in  Ohio.  During  the 
sessions,  Cumberland  presbytery  was  set  off  from  Transylvania,  embracing  the 
south-western  portion  of  the  State,  and  part  of  Tennessee.  Thus  it  will  be  peen, 
that  the  territorial  jurisdiction  of  the  synod  was  co-extensive  with  the  settlement 
of  the  entire  region  west  of  the  mountains. 
The  members  of  the  synod  were  as  follows : 

Of  the  presbytery  of  Transylvania,  Ministers  present,  David  Rice,  Samuel  Fin- 
ley,  Matthew  Houston,  Samuel  Robertson,  Archibald  Cameron.  Elders,  Andrew 
Wallace,  James  Bigham,  Court  Voris,  (Voorhees).  Ministers  absent,  Thomas 
Craighead.  Terah  Templin,  James  Balch,  James  McGready,  William  Hodge, 
John  Bowman,  William  McGee,  John  Rankin,  Samuel  Donald,  William  Mahon, 
Samuel  McAdow,  John  Howe,  James  Vance,  Jeremiah  Abel. 

Of  the  presbytery  of  West  Lexington,  Ministers  present,  James  Crawford, 
Samuel  Shannon,  Isaac  Tull,  Robert  Marshall,  James  Blythe,  James  Welch,  Jo- 
seph P.  How,  Samuel  Rannels,  John  Lyle,  William  Robinson.  Elders,  James 
Bell,  Robert  Maffet,  Malcolm  Worley,  William  Scott,  Joseph  Walker,  William 
McConnel,  Samuel  Hayden,  William  Henry.     Absent,  Rev.  Barton  W.  Stone. 

Of  the  presbytery  of  Washington,  Ministers  present,  James  Kemper,  John  P. 
Campbell,  Richard  McNeriar,  John  Thompson,  John  Dunlavy.     Elders,  Robert 
Gill,  John  Campbell.    Ministers  absent,  John  E.  Finley,  Matthew  G.  Wallace. 
The  limits  of  the  synod  were  reduced,  in  1814,  by  the  erection  of  the  synod 

,457) 


458  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF 

of  Ohio;  and  in  1817,  by  the  erection  of  the  synod  of  Tennessee;  since  which 
time  its  boundaries  have  corresponded  with  those  of  the  state.  The  three 
presbyteries  just  named  had  been  formed  out  of  Transylvania,  with  the  con- 
sent of  the  synod  of  Virginia — West  Lexington  organizing  at  Lexington,  April 
]6,  1799,  and  Washington  Presbytery  at  Johnson  Fork  meeting-house,  April  9, 
1799,  with  a  sermon  from  Rev.  Peter  Wilson. 

The  second  meeting  of  the  synod  of  Kentucky  took  phice  in  Lexington,  Sep- 
tember 6,  1803,  Rev.  Samuel  Shannon,  moderator.  Attention  was  specially 
called,  by  petitions  and  other  papers,  to  the  fact  that  Revs.  Richard  McXemar 
and  John  Thomson,  of  Washington  Presbytery,  were  promulgating  erroneous 
doctrines.  That  presbytery  had  oast  under  the  table  and  practically  refused 
to  consider  a  petition  of  Mr.  William  Lamme  and  seventy-nine  others  incul- 
pating the  oitliodoxy  of  those  ministers;  and  the  minutes  showed  that, 
although  McNemar  had  been  convicted,  upon  an  orderly  examination,  of  hold- 
ing Arminian  tenants,  and  lay  under  a  vote  of  censure,  yet  the  presbytery  had 
allowed  a  call  to  be  placed  in  his  hands.  Synod  decided  to  enter  on  an  ex- 
amination and  trial  of  the  two  ministers;  and  while  discussing  the  subject, 
they,  with  three  other  ministers,  Robert  Marshall,  Barton  W.  Stone,  and  John 
Dunlavy,  offered  a  protest  against  the  action,  and  a  declaration  that  they  -with- 
drew from  the  jurisdiction  of  synod.  Two  days  after,  the  live  seceders  came 
personally  before  synod,  and  informed  them  that  they  had  constituted  them- 
selves into  a  separate  presbytery,  called  Springfield,  whereupon,  in  view  of  all 
that  had  passed,  and  of  this  rather  defiant  evidence  of  schism,  synod  pro- 
ceeded to  suspend  them  from  the  office  of  the  ministry — leaving  to  the  pres- 
byteries, of  which  they  had  been  memliers,  to  restore  them  upon  satisfactory 
proof  of  repentance.  These  seeedei's  became  the  leaders  of  the  Revival  or 
New  Light  party;  ami,  being  already  highly  popular,  exerted  themselves  to 
attract  the  multitude,  and  appealed  to  their  sympatliy,  claiming  to  be  perse- 
cuted persons.  By  tracts  and  pamphlets,  and  itinerant  preaching  of  the  most 
exciting  kind,  great  enthusiasm  was  kindled;  and  in  fifteen  months  they  had 
organized  regular  societies  on  democratic  principles  at  Cabin  Creek,  Flemings- 
burg,  Concord,  Cane  Ridge,  Indian  Creek,  Bethel,  Paint  Lick,  and  Shawnee 
Run,  in  Kentucky,  at  seven  settlements  in  Ohio,  and  at  quite  a  nunilier  in 
the  neighboring  states  of  Tennessee.  North  Carolina,  Virginia,  and  Western 
Pennsylvania.  After  awhile,  denouncing  as  unscriptural  all  such  bodies  as 
church  sessions,  presbyteries,  synods,  and  general  assemblies,  they  proposed 
to  establish  a  grand  communion  upon  the  simplest  fundamental  principles — 
such  as  worshiping  one  God,  acknowledging  Jesus  Christ  as  the  Saviour,  tak- 
ing the  Bible  for  the  sole  confession  of  fiiith,  and  organizing  on  the  New  Tes- 
tament miidel — to  which  union  of  all  disciples  of  Christ  tliey  gave  the  name 
of"  The  Christian  Church,"  and  would  recognize  no  sectarian  appellation. 

We  have  not  space  to  follow  the  history  of  the  church  in  these  remarkable 
times,  through  the  revival  of  1800,  with  its  camp-meetings  and  bodily  exercises, 
with  the  attending  extravagances  and  disorders — through  the  New  Light 
schism,  with  its  enthusiam  and  almost  interminable  controversies,  the  mission 
of  the  Shakers,  and  the  recantation  of  some  who  saw  their  error  and  turned 
back  again  to  their  first  faith — through  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  scliism, 
with  its  catechist  or  exhorter  difficulties,  revival  and  anti-revival  parties — 
through  the  trial  of  Rev.  Thos.  B.  Craighead  for  Pelagianism,  and  its  attendant 
controversies — nor  througli  the  era  of  religious  controversy,  when  all  other  ex- 
citements seemed  to  be  swallowed  up,  until  the  War  of  1812  and  its  disastrous 
influences  opened  afresh  the  floodgate  of  infidelity  and  irreligion.  It  is  pleas- 
anter  to  recapitulate  the  victories  of  peace  and  the  triumphs  of  the  cross. 

As  Presbyterianism  grew  and  strengthened,  and  the  tide  of  population 
covered  the  whole  state,  new  presbytei'ies  were  formed  to  accommodate  the 
numbers  and  the  necessities  of  its  members.  We  have  already  noted  the  or- 
ganization of  Transylvania  Presbytery  in  1786,  of  West  Lexington  and  Wash- 
ington presbyteries  in  1799,  and  of  the  synod  of  Kentucky  in"l802.  In  1810 
the  synod  divided  Transylvania  Presbytery — which  complained  of  its  exten- 
sive boundaries,  being  280  miles  on  the  north,  and  200  miles  from  east  to 
west — into  three,  viz. :  West  Tennessee,  Muhleiiburg,  and  Transylvania;  and 
Washington  Presbytery  into  two,  viz. :  Washington  and  Miami. 


THE   PRESBYTEIIIAN   CHURCH. 


45i) 


The  inJependent  Cumberland  Preshytoi-y,  which  was  organized  February 
4,  ISIO,  ni)  longer  traiunielod  by  diseipliuary  restrictions,  grew  in  three 
years  time  into  a  svnod,  October  "o,  ISl-'J,  with  tliree  presbyteries — Cumber- 
land (soon  changed"  to  Nashville),  Logan,  and  Elk.  From  "this  small  begin- 
ning grew  the  powerful  and  numerous  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church — 
whose  first  General  Assembly  was  held  in  Princeton,  Caldwell  county,  Ken- 
tucky, in  May,  1829,  then  comprising  four  synods,  Cumberland,  Green  River, 
Franklin,  and  Missouri 

In  1815  the  synod  of  Kentucky  erected  three  new  presbyteries — Louisville, 
out  of  part  of  Transylvania ;  Jlississippi,  out  of  part  of  West  Tennessee  ;  and 
Shiloh,  out  of  parts  of  Muhlenburg  and  West  Tennessee.  After  1817  the 
presbyteries  whose  territories  lay  outside  of  the  state  of  Kentucky,  cease  their 
peculiar  connection  with  the  history  of  the  church  in  the  state. 

The  presbytery  of  Ebenezer,  which  comprised  all  of  the  original  presbytery 
of  Washington  which  lay  in  Kentucky  and  between  the  Ohio  and  Licking 
rivers,  was  organized  in  1820;  the  presbytery  of  Bowling  Green  in  1840,  and 
abolished  in  1848;  while  the  presbytery  of  Paducah,  covering  much  of  the 
latter  territory,  was  organized  in  1853. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  growth  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Ken- 
tucky,  at  the  period  named,  by  presbyteries,  and  collectively  as  a  .synod: 


vallia.' 

^^:;i',.^,r.^ 

'  burg." 

Louisville. 

Ebi-ui-zer 

l?,:ir 

Paducah. 

Total. 

1 

1 

1 

i 

i 
i 

3 
1 

3 
3 

i 

?.    1  ? 

B 

3 
Z 
3 

1 
3 

i 

1 

3 

S 
i 

1 

5 
19 

20 

11 
11 
16 
l.i 
11 
16 
15 
15 
18 
26 
29 
27 

617 

501 
929 
1947 
2328 
2551 
2127 
2340 
2701 
2011 
2305 
3004 
2861 
2964 

8 

\l 
21 
20 
21 
19 

21 
24 
20 
19 

"296 
1299 
407 
600 
1198 
2330 
1667 
1631 
1790 
1535 
1675 
1780 
1777 
1860 

4 
9 
7 
7 
6 
6 
15 
13 
9 
7 

9 
9 

509 
712 
826 
626 

747 

1134 
1173 
764 
796 
917 
917 
845 

10 
10 

12 
10 
15 
18 
19 
26 
25 
27 
28 
29 

439 

614 
1186 
1214 
1596 
2274 
2312 
2403 
2542 
2865 
2731 

i 
4 

5 

5 

9 
17 
13 
14 

15 
16 

22 
18 

■430 
726 
838 
1451 
1251 
1636 
1284 
1481 
1610 
1390 
1982 
2148 
2165 
2307 

'::::: 

:::;■ 

5 
34 
23 
35 

46 
44 
58 
61 
79 
83 
80 
87 
92 
111 
116 
108 

1802 

1803. 

1809. 
1820. 

1,343 
3,474 
3,551 
6,438 
6,689 
8,378 

1824. 

1832! 
1834. 

■"Vo 

abol 

"787 
ish'd 

1848. 

8,860 

1854. 
1869. 
1862. 
1865. 
1866. 

:::::: 

5 

6 
t 

362 
326 
485 
449 
461 

8,465 
9,626 
11,199 
10,900 
11,250 

A  number  of  small  churches,  numbering  a  membership  of  from  1200  to 
1600,  failed  to  make  their  report  with  regularity,  if  at  all.  That  number 
should  be  added  to  the  total  in  the  table — showing  the  Presbyterian  ministry 
and  membership  in  Kentucky  fully  13,000  in  1866. 

_  In  1838,  what  was  usually  called  the  New  School  schism  in  the  Presbyte- 
rian church  in  the  United  States  was  consummated,  but  in  Kentucky  not  for- 
mally until  in  December,  1840— at  which  time  an  adjourned  Convention  was 
held  in  Lexington,  in  the  Methodist  church— composed  of  nine  or  ten  ministers 
and  several  elders.  The  Convention  resolved  itself  into  a  synod  (the  synod 
of  Kentucky),  and  assumed  an  independent  stand,  but  soon  after  joined  the 
NewSchool^  Assembly.  In  1842  it  embraced  11  ministers  and  14  churches; 
and  in  1846  three  presbyteries — Harmony,  with  6  ministers  and  9  churches. 
Providence,  with  4  ministers  and  5  churches,  and  Green  River,  with  4  minis- 
ters and  7  churches — in  all  14  ministers,  21  churches,  and  9o4  communicants. 
In  the  year  185-,  with  the  exception  of  one  minister  who  preferred  to  leave 


4(50  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF 

the  state  rather  than  join  his  brethren  in  the  reunion,  the  entire  synod,  pres- 
byteries, ministers  and  memliers — upon  terms  creditable  and  honorable  alike 
to  all — returned  to  the  bosom  of  the  Old  School  church,  and  made  it  once 
more  a  unit  in  Kentucky. 

It  was  during  this  New  School  controversy — which  began  to  take  shape 
about  1830,  and  steadily  increased  in  bitterness,  alienations  of  feeling,  and 
disaffection  among  ministers  and  churches  all  over  the  Presbyterian  church 
in  the  United  States  until  1838— that,  on  June  19,  1S34,  Rev.  Robert  J.  Breck- 
inridge— who  had  recently  exchanged  the  law  for  the  ministry,  and  was  "by 
this  time  ordained  a  clergyman,  and  become  the  master  spirit  of  the  Reform 
movement" — drafted  and  offered  the  "Act  and  Testimony,"  complaining  of 
doctrinal  errors,  the  relaxation  of  discipline,  and  the  alarming  violation  of 
Church  order,  on  the  part  of  the  New  School.  In  Kentucky  17  ministers  and 
80  elders  ultimately  signed  this  document — 97  in  all — while  the  synod,  in 
October,  1834,  adopted  the  entire  paper;  which  was  adopted  either  entirely 
or  substantially  by  four  other  .synods  and  thirty  presbyteries,  while  357  min- 
isters, 1709  elders,  and  14  licentiates  in  other  states  and  synods  appended 
their  signatures. 

The  Rev.  David  Rice  (or  "  Father  Htce,"  as  that  venerable  man  was  familiarly 
known),  was  born  in  Hanover  county,  Va.,  December  20,  1733.  He  was  con- 
verted under  the  preaching  of  President  Edwards,  and  studied  Theology  under 
Rev.  John  Todd.  In  the  struggle  for  national  independence,  he  took  a  warm 
and  zealous  part,  and  did  not  esteem  it  unbecoming  his  clerical  profession  to 
harangue  the  people  on  their  grievances  at  county  meetings. 

In  1783,  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  ioentified  his  fortunes  with  the  infant 
colony.  Besides  his  active  duties  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  and  the  organiza- 
tion of  many  churches,  he  was  zealously  engaged  in  advancing  the  cause  of  edu- 
cation. He  was  the  first  teacher  in  the  Transylvania  seminary,  and  for  several 
years  the  chairman  of  its  board  of  trustees ;  and  when  that  seminary,  after  its 
removal  to  Lexington,  fell  under  deistical  influence,  he  took  an  active  part  in  rais- 
ing up  a  rival  in  the  Kentucky  academy.  The  public  estimation  in  which  he  was 
held,  may  be  inferred  from  his  election  as  a  member  of  the  convention  which  met 
in  Danville  in  1792,  to  frame  a  state  constitution.  He  exerted  his  influence  in 
that  convention,  but  without  success,  for  the  insertion  of  an  article  providing  for 
the  gradual  extinction  of  slavery  in  Kentucky. 

Previous  to  Mr.  Rice's  arrival  in  Kentucky,  marriages  had  been  solemnized  by 
the  magistrates ;  but  after  that  event,  the  people  made  it  a  point  to  procure  the 
services  of  a  clergyman.  On  the  3d  of  June,  1784,  he  married  a  coaple  at  Mc- 
Afee's station,  and  on  the  4th,  preached  the  funeral  sermon  of  Mr.  James 
M'Oann,  sen.,  the  first  sermon  ever  preached  on  the  banks  of  Salt  river. 

Father  Rice's  talents  were  of  a  plain,  practical  cast — not  of  a  commanding  or- 
der. His  judgment  was  sound,  his  disposition  conservative,  and  his  deportment 
exemplary.  He  spent  much  time  in  prayer.  In  the  pulpit,  his  manner  was  sol- 
emn and  impressive;  in  his  intercourse  with  society,  dignified  and  grave.  His 
person  was  slender,  hut  tall  and  active,  and  even  at  the  age  of  seventy,  he  exhib- 
ited an  astonishing  degree  of  alertness.  He  died  in  Green  county,  on  the  18th 
of  June,  1816,  in  the  83d  year  of  his  age.  His  last  words  were — "Oh,  when 
shall  I  be  free  from  sin  and  sorrow  !  "* 

Rev.  James  Crawford  removed  with  his  family  to  Kentucky  in  1784.  Like 
most  of  the  pioneer  Presbyterian  ministers,  he  was  from  Virginia.  He  settled 
at  Walnut  Hill,  where  he  gathered  and  organized  a  flourishing  church.  Although 
laboring  under  feeble  health,  he  was  zealous  and  active  in  the  cause  of  his  Mas- 
ter, and  numerous  converts  were  added  to  the  church  through  his  instrumentality. 
He  was  a  plain  looking  man,  of  very  grave  demeanor;  not  a  popular  preacher, 
but  highly  useful  and  instructive.     He  died  in  March,  1803. 

The  Rev.  Terah  Te.mplin,  having  been  licensed  by  the  Hanover  (Va.)  pres- 

•Tliis  sketch,  nswell  as  mosi  of  those  which  follow,  is  abridged  tVom  "  Thf  History  ofiht  Presby- 
Urh'i  Church  of  Kentucky :<  by  the  Rev.  Roliert  Davidson.  D.  D..— a  worlt  eloquently  and  classically 
wriuen,  and  displaying  very  extensive  research— published  at  New  York  early  101847. 


THE    PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH.  461 

bytery  in  1780,  soon  after  c-.ime  to  Kpntucky,  where  he  received  ordination  !n 
1785.  He  located  in  Washington  county,  on  the  soutli  side  of  the  Kentucky 
river,  where  he  organized  several  churches,  and  did  the  work  of  an  evangelist 
faithfully.  He  also  organized  several  churches,  and  supplied  destitute  congrega- 
tions in  Livingston  county.  He  died  October  6,  1818,  at  the  advanced  age  of 
seventy-six.  Faithful  to  the  attachment  of  his  early  years,  which  had  been  pre- 
maturely sundered,  he  never  married.  His  talents  were  respectable,  his  manner 
solemn  anl  'mpressive,  and  his  deportment  exemplary,  guileless,  and  unassu- 
ming. 

The  Presbyterian  ministry  of  Kentucky  was  reinforced,  in  1786,  by  the  acces- 
sion of  the  Rev.  Thomas  B.  Craighkad,  and  Rev.  Andrkw  McCi.ure.  Mr. 
Craighead  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  Shortly  after  his  arrival  in  Kentucky, 
lie  was  called  to  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Shiloh  congregation  in  Sumner 
county,  Tenn.  Here,  being  opposed  to  the  extravagancies  of  the  times,  and  sus- 
pected of  favoring  Pelagianism,  he  became  unpopular.  In  1805,  a  commission 
was  appointed  by  the  synod  of  Kentucky,  which  vi'as  directed  to  investigate  the 
correctness  of  the  report  of  his  unsoundness.  The  investigation  which  suc- 
ceeded, a  long  and  protracted  one,  resulted  in  the  suspension  of  Mr.  Craighead 
from  the  gospel  ministry.  He  made  several  ineffectual  efforts  to  have  the  sus- 
pension removed,  but  did  not  succeed  until  the  year  1824,  when  he  was  enabled 
to  make  so  good  a  vindication  of  himself,  and  to  explain  his  views  so  much  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  General  Assembly,  that  they  restored  him  to  his  ministe- 
rial standing.  Not  long  after  this  event,  he  departed  this  life  in  Nashville,  ajred 
about  seventy  years.  For  some  time  before  his  death,  he  had  suffered  under  the 
combined  misfortunes  of  poverty  and  blindness.  Mr.  Craighead  was  of  a  tall 
but  spare  figure,  not  less  than  six  feet  in  height.  He  excelled  as  an  extempora- 
neous orator — his  eloquence  being  of  that  fervid  kind  which  captivates  and  car- 
ries away  the  hearer  in  spite  of  himself.  The  Hon.  John  Breckinridge  said  of 
him,  that  his  discourses  made  a  more  lasting  impression  upon  his  memory  than 
those  of  any  other  man  he  had  ever  heard. 

The  Rev.  Andriew  McClure,  who  removed  to  Kentucky  in  company  with  Mr. 
Craighead,  in  1786,  organized  the  Salem  and  Paris  churches;  and  in  1789  took 
charge  of  the  latter,  where  he  remained  till  his  decease  in  1793,  in  the  39th  year 
of  his  age. 

In  1784,  the  Rev.  Adam  Rankin,  of  Augusta  county,  Va.  came  to  Kentucky, 
and  settled  in  Lexington.  He  immediately  became  the  pastor  of  Mount  Zion 
church,  and  subsequently,  in  conjunction,  of  that  of  Pisgah,  about  eight  miles 
south-west  of  Lexington.  In  1792,  he  separated  from  the  Presbyterian  church, 
on  account  of  psalmody,  carrying  with  him  a  majority  of  his  congregation,  and 
retaining  possession  of  the  church  edifice  in  Lexington.  The  portion  adhering 
to  the  Presbyterian  communion  erected  a  new  building  ;  and  in  1795,  called 
the  Rev.  James  Welch  to  the  pastoral  charge. 

Eight  Missioiiers  of  the  Synod  entered  Kentucky  in  the  following  order,  viz: 
Robert  Marshall  in  1791;  Carey  H.  Allen  and  William  Calhoon  in  1792  ;  John 
P.'  Campbell  and  Samuel  Rannells  in  1794  ;  Robert  Stuart  and  Robert  Wilson 
in  1798  ;  and  John  Lyle  in  1800. 

Rev.  Robert  Marshall  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  emigrating  to  Pennsylvania 
in  his  12th  year.  He  enlisted  in  the  American  army  when  sixteen  years  of  age, 
and  was  in  six  general  engagements  in  the  revolutionary  war,  one  of  which  was 
the  hard-fought  battle  of  Monmouth,  where  he  narrowly  escaped  with  his  life,  a 
bullet  grazing  his  locks.  He  was  licensed  by  Redstone  presbytery  to  preach 
the  gospel,  and  after  his  removal  to  Kentucky,  was  ordained,  in  1793,  pastor  of 
Bethel  and  Blue  spring  churches.  He  was  an  active  leader  in  the  great  revival 
of  1800,  and  carried  away  by  the  torrent  of  enthusiasm  that  swept  over  Kentucky. 
In  1803,  he  embraced  the  views  of  the  New  Lights,  but  afterwards  saw  his  error, 
and,  in  1811,  returned  to  the  bosom  of  the  church.  In  1812,  he  was  reinstated 
in  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Bethel  church,  where  he  continued  till  his  decease 
in  1833,  at  the  advanced  age  of  73.     As  a  preacher,   Mr.  Marshall  was   clear, 


4G2  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF 

logical,  systPiTiatic,  and  adhered  closely  to  his  text.  He  was  occasionally  c.ilm, 
mild  and  persuasive;  but  more  generally  warm,  vehement,  and  even  startling  in 
his  language  and  manner,  particularly  when  he  attempted  to  rouse  and  impress 
his  audience. 

Rev.  Carev  H.  Ali.fn,  on  the  Ilth  of  October,  1794,  was  ordained  pastor  of 
Paint  Lick  and  Silver  creek  churches.  He  was  a  mirthful,  fun  loving,  pleasant 
companion,  and  a  great  wit  and  satirist.  Sanguine  and  impulsive,  his  sallies 
partook  occasionally  of  no  little  eccentricity.  On  his  way  to  Kentucky,  he 
put  up  for  the  night  at  a  house  where  the  young  people  had  assembled  to 
dance.  The  handsome  stranger  was  invited  to  join  them,  and  no  denial  would  be 
taken.  At  length  he  sulTered  himself  to  be  led  to  the  floor,  and  to  have  a  partner 
assigned  him,  when  all  at  once  he  called  to  the  ujusician — "  Stop  !  1  am  always 
in  the  habit,"  said  he,  "  when  I  enter  on  any  business  that  I  am  unaccustomed 
to,  first  to  ask  the  blessing  of  God  upon  it.  Now,  as  I  find  myself  in  new  and 
unexpected  circumstances,  I  beg  permission  to  implore  the  Divine  direction  in 
the  matter."  Suiting  the  action  to  the  word,  he  dropped  on  his  knees,  and  poured 
forth  a  prayer  in  his  characteristic  impassioned  uianner:  then,  springing  to  his 
feet  he  followed  the  prayer  with  a  powerful  and  eloquent  exhortation.  Mute  with 
astonishment  at  such  an  unlooked-for  interruption,  the  company  stood  spell- 
bound. They  were  enchained  by  eloquence  such  as  they  had  never  listened  to 
before;  the  orator's  burning  words  sank  into  their  souls,  and  found  an  echo  in 
their  consciences  :  death  and  judgment  flashed  their  terrors  before  their  eyes  ;  and 
they  felt  how  unprepared  they  were  to  meet  their  God.  Bursting  into  tears,  they 
besought  him  to  tell  them  what  they  must  do  to  be  saved.  He  remained  and 
preached  in  the  neighborhood  a  few  days  ;  and  several  hopeful  conversions  were 
the  happy  result  of  a  measure  which  many  would  consider  of  questionable  pro- 
priety, and  which  it  must  be  admitted,  in  less  skillful  hands,  might  have  proved 
a  signal  failure.  Mr.  Allen  was  a  man  of  highly  popular  talents,  impassioned 
eloquence  and  ardent  zeal.  He  was  remarkably  fluent — his  style  original  and 
forcible — and  he  never  failed  to  make  a  powerful  impression  wherever  he  went. 
After  a  brief  ministry  of  less  than  two  years,  he  was  carried  off"  by  consumption 
amid  flattering  prospects  of  usefulness,  on  the  5th  of  August,  1795. 

The  Rev.  John  Poage  Campbell,  M.  D.,  unquestionably  the  most  brilliant  in 
this  constellation  of  missionaries,  was  born  in  Augusta  county,  Va.,  in  1767, 
and  removed  to  Kentucky  with  his  father  when  fourteen  years  of  age.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Hampden  Sidney  in  1790,  and  in  1792  was  licensed  to  preach.  Such 
was  the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held,  that  he  was  at  once  associated  with  his 
preceptor,  (Dr.  Moses  Hoge),  as  co-pastor  of  Lexington,  Oxford,  New  Mon- 
mouth and  Timber  Ridge  congregations.  In  1795,  he  took  up  his  abode  in  Ken- 
tucky, and  his  first  charge  was  the  churches  of  Smyrna  and  Flemingsburg.  He 
afterwards  exercised  his  ministry  in  various  places,  among  which  were  Danville, 
Nicholasville,  Cherry  Spring,  Versailles,  Lexington,  and  Chillicoihe;  and  in 
1811,  he  officiated  as  chaplain  to  the  legislature.  Dr.  Campbell  possessed  an 
acute  and  discriminating  mind  ;  was  an  accurate  and  well  read  theologian;  an 
able  polemic;  and  decidedly  the  most  talented,  popular,  and  influential  minister 
of  his  day.  His  pen  was  very  prolific.  His  published  writings  were  numerous 
and  able,  among  them — Strictures  on  Stone's  Letters  on  the  Atonement — Essays 
on  Justification — Letters  to  Craighead — A  Sermon  on  Christian  Baptism — The 
Pelagian  Detected,  a  Rejily  to  Craighead — An  Answer  to  Jones,  and  Review  of 
Robinson's  History  of  Baptism,  &c.,  &c.  Dr.  Campbell  was  married  three 
times,  and  on  his  demise,  left  a  family  of  nine  children.  His  death  occurred  on 
the  4th  of  November,  1814,  at  the  age  of  47,  in  the  vicinity  of  ChiUicothe,  Ohio. 

The  Rev.  Samuel  Rannelt.s  was  born  in  Hampshire  county,  Va.,  December 
10th,  1765.  He  was  licensed  in  1794,  and  the  next  spring  visited  Kentucky  as 
one  of  the  synod's  missionaries.  L\  1796,  he  was  ordained  over  the  united 
churches  of  Paris  and  Stonermouth,  which  charge  he  retained  for  twenty-two 
years,  until  his  death,  March  24th,  1817,  in  the  52d  year  of  his  age.  He  was  a 
man  ol  eminent  piety,  of  exemplary  conduct,  and  of  respectable  talents — remark- 
ably gifted  in  prayer,  and  a  zealous  and  indefatigable  minister. 


THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH.  463 

Many  other  ministers  came  to  Kentucky  about  the  close  of  the  last  century, 
«mong  them  the  Rev.  William  Robinson,  who,  in  1804,  was  dismissed  to  Wash- 
ingtoii  Presbytery;  Rev.  Samuel  Finlev,  from  South  Carolina;  Rev.  James 
Vance,  from  Vira;inia;  Rev.  James  Kemper,  and  Rev.  Samuel  B.  Robertson, 
and  Rev.  John  Bowman,  and  Rev.  John  Thompson,  from  North  Carolina. 

Rev.  James  Blvthe,  D.  D.,  was  amon^  the  early  and  distinguished  preachers 
in  the  field.  He  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1765,  and  came  to  Kentucky,  as 
a  licentiate,  in  1791.  In  July,  1793,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  Pisgah  and  Clear 
creek  churches.  To  these  churches  he  ministered,  as  pastor  or  stated  supply,  for 
upwards  of  forty  years.  Dr.  BIythe  took  an  active  part  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Kentucky  academy.  When  that  institution,  in  1798,  was  merged  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Transylvania,  he  was  appointed  professor  of  Mathematics,  Natural 
Philosophy,  Astronomy,  and  Geography ;  and,  subsequently,  on  the  resignation 
of  Mr.  Moore,  fulfilled  for  twelve  or  fifteen  years  the  duties  of  acting  president. 

On  the  election  of  Dr.  Holly,  as  president,  in  1818,  Dr.  BIythe  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  chair  of  Chemistry  in  the  medical  department,  which  situation  he 
retained  till  1831,  when  he  resigned. 

Asa  preacher.  Dr.  BIythe  was  full  of  energy  and  animation,  in  his  earlier  career; 
in  his  latter  years,  he  yielded  more  to  the  softer  emotions.  His  native  strength 
of  character,  prompt  decision,  and  practical  turn,  enabled  him  to  acquit  himself 
creditably  in  every  situation ;  while,  in  deliberative  bodies,  and  the  courts  of  the 
church,  these  qualities  gave  him  a  marked  ascendency,  to  which  his  portly 
figure  and  commanding  appearance  contributed  not  a  little.  He  died  in  1842, 
aged  seventy-seven  years. 

Rev.  Joseph  P.  Howe  came  from  North  Carolina  in  1794,  and  was  ordained  in 
July,  1795,  over  Little  Mountain  (Mount  Sterling)  and  Springfield.  He  was  a 
good  man — prayed  and  sang  well — and  took  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  Great  Re- 
vival.    He  died  in  1830. 

Rev.  James  Wei^ch,  from  Virginia,  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Lexington  and 
Georgetown  churches,  in  1796,  in  which  charge  he  continued  til!  1804.  He  was 
obliged  to  practice  medicine  for  the  support  of  his  family.  In  1799,  he  was  ap- 
pointed professor  of  ancient  languages  in  the  Transylvania  University,  which 
station  he  filled  for  several  years. 

The  Rev.  Archibald  Cameron,  a  distinguished  minister  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  but  was  brought  to  America  by  his  parents 
when  very  youncr.  He  was  of  good  parentage,  his  father,  John  CSmeron,  of  the 
"clan  Cameron,"  being  a  man  of  sound  understanding,  correct  principles  and 
decided  integrity  of  character.  His  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was  Janet 
McDonald,  of  the  "McDonald  clan,"  was  a  lady  of  superior  capacity,  and  dis- 
tinguished for  extensive  and  general  information,  sterling  integrity,  exemplary 
piety,  and  great  force  of  character.  She  was  a  "Scotch  Presbyterian"  of  the 
genuine  stamp. 

Archibald,  the  youngest  of  six  children,  was  born  in  the  Highlands,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Fort  William,  about  the  year  1770  or  1771.  The  family  soon  after 
his  birth  removed  to  America,  and  settled  on  the  Monongahela  river  ;  where  they 
resided  till  April,  1781,  when  they  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  on  a  farm 
at  the  foot  of  "  Cameron's  Knob,"  about  six  miles  from  IJardstown. 

Little  is  known  of  Mr.  Cameron's  early  history  ;  hut  as  his  father  was  a  farmer, 
and  in  moderate  circumstances,  he  was  probably  employed  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits. His  education,  however,  was  not  neglected  ;  and  he  commenced  the  study 
of  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages  with  his  eldest  brother,  Angus  Cameron,  who 
had  received  a  thorough  education  before  he  left  Scotland.  At  about  the  age  of 
fifteen,  he  was  sent  to  a  school  then  kept  in  Bardstown  by  Dr.  Priestly.  His 
companions  at  this  school  were  John  Rowan,  Felix  Grundy,  John  Pope,  Col. 
John  Allen,  John  Simpson,  and  others,  all  of  whom  became  distinguished  in  after 
life.  Mr.  Cameron  took  a  high  stand,  and  was  considered  the  best  scholar  in  the 
school.  Upon  leaving  this  school,  he  spent  about  one  year  at  the  "Transylvania 
Seminary,"  then  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  James  Moore.  At  the  age  of  nineteen 
he  professed  religion,  and  connected  himself  with  the  Presbyterian  churcn  at 
Bardstown.  His  religious  experience,  written  about  this  time,  and  preserved 
tmong  his  papers,  agrees  most  strikingly  with  those  evangelical  doctrines  for 


464  HISTORICAL   SKETCH    OF 

which  his  preaching  was  afterwards  distinguished.  He  studied  theology  unde. 
the  Rev.  David  Rice,  and  was  licensed  by  Transylvania  Presbytery,  February 
14,  1795. 

He  preached  at  many  points  in  the  counties  of  Nelson,  Shelby  and  Jefferson 
where  he  laid  the  foundations  of  Presbyterianism,  and  at  most  of  which  he  af- 
terwards organized  churches.  Having  received  a  call  from  Simpson's  creek 
church,  in  Nelson  county,  and  from  Ackron  and  Fox  run,  new  churches  in  Shelby 
county,  he  was  ordained  and  installed  over  them,  June  2,  1796.  The  first  admin- 
istration of  the  Lord's  supper  in  Shelby  county,  was  in  the  fall  of  1790,  when 
the  number  of  members  had  increased  to  thirty-five,  mostly  received  on  examina- 
tion. His  labors  were  spread  over  a  wide  region,  now  occupied  by  the  congrega- 
tions of  Shelhyville,  Mulberry,  Six  Mile,  Shiloh,  Olivet,  and  Big  Spring,  and  era- 
bracing  a  circuit  of  from  thirty  to  forty  miles. 

All  these  churches  were  planted  and  built  up  by  him;  but  the  field  being  too 
extensive,  in  1803  he  relinquished  Simpson's  creek,  and  devoted  his  whole  time 
to  the  churches  in  Shelby  county.  In  these  he  labored  with  great  self-denial  and 
success,  till  1818,  when  the  churches  now  called  Shiloh  and  Olivet  secured  the 
services  of  Rev.  Dr.  Crow.  In  this  extended  field  his  labors  were  much  blessed, 
constant  accessions  being  received  to  his  churches  ;  but  these  accessions  did  not 
increase  their  members  in  proportion,  which  were  constantly  reduced  by  removals. 
He  spent  a  long,  eventful,  a  happy  and  useful  life,  among  the  people  of  these 
counties — having  been  their  pastor  for  more  than  forty  years ;  and  long  will  his 
name  be  borne  in  memory  by  them. 

In  intellect  Mr.  Cameron  had  few  equals.  His  mind  was  cast  in  the  finest 
mould,  and  cultivated  to  a  high  degree.  The  distinctive  characteristics  of  his 
mind  were  strength,  originality  and  discrimination.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
shrewdness,  and  gifted  with  keen  powers  of  satire.  His  discourses  were  always 
systematic,  instructive  and  practical.  As  a  doctrinal  and  experimental  preacher, 
he  was  excelled  by  none;  and  his  appeals  were  often  most  eloquent  and  impres- 
sive. As  a  pastor,  he  was  highly  esteemed  and  much  beloved  by  the  people  of 
his  charge;  as  a  friend,  he  was  frank,  generous,  and  confiding;  as  a  divine,  he 
ranked  in  the  very  first  class,  and  was  regarded  by  all  who  knew  him  as  the  ablest 
man  in  the  synod.  He  was  the  author  of  many  published  writings  of  high  re- 
pute, and  extensively  known.     Among  these  may  be  mentioned — 

1.  The  Faithful  Steward:  against  baptizing  adults  who  do  not  give  evidence 
of  faith  and  repentance,  or  the  children  of  such  adults.      1806 — pp.  53. 

3.  The  Monitor:  on  Religious  Liberty,  Church  Government,  Discipline,  &c. 
1806— pp.  109. 

3.  An  Ap[Jeal  to  the  Scriptures,  on  the  Design,  Extent,  and  Effect  of  the  Pro- 
pitiation made  by  Christ.     1811 — pp.  79. 

4.  A  Discourse  between  the  Confession  of  Faith  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  a  Preacher  in  that  Society  who  holds  the  Doctrine  of  Indefinite,  Universal 
Atonement.     1814 — pp.  24. 

5.  A  Defence  of  ^the  Doctrines  of  Grace :  A  Series  of  Letters  in  Reply  to 
Judge  Davidcre's  publication  addressed  to  the  "Advocates  of  a  Partial  Gospel." 
1816— pp.  49. 

6.  A  Reply  to  some  Arminian  Questions  on  Divine  Predestination,  and  to  a 
doggerel  poem,  "The  Trial  of  Cain."     1822 — pp.  36. 

7.  An  Anonymous  Letter  on  Fore-ordination;  pp.  22. 

8.  Two  pamphlets,  addressed  to  the  Rev.  George  Light,  a  Methodist  preacher 

9.  A  Sketch  of  the  Transylvania  Presbytery,  for  the  General  Assembly's  com- 
mittee appointed  to  write  a  History  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

During  his  last  illness,  which  was  protracted,  his  mind  was  sustained  by  the 
spirit  of  that  gospel  which,  with  so  much  faithfulness  and  success,  he  had  preach- 
ed to  his  fellow  men.  The  exercises  of  his  mind  were  in  unison  with  the  gene- 
ral tenor  of  his  religious  sentiments.  The  prevailing  feeling  of  his  heart  was 
submission  to  God,  and  reliance  on  Christ.  His  brethren  of  the  Presbytery  can 
never  forget,  that  at  their  meeting  the  spring  before  his  death,  when  he  was  sup- 
posed, by  himself  and  others,  to  be  on  the  very  borders  of  the  grave,  he  sent 
them  a  message  full  of  tenderness,  saying,  that  the  nearer  he  approached  to  the  eter- 
nal world,  the  more  precious  did  the  doctrines  of  the  Bible,  as  held  in  our  stand- 
ards, become.  He  died  in  1836. 


THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH.  465 

Revs.  Matthew  Houston,  John  Dunlavy,  and  Richard  McNrmah,  wVio  came 
to  Kentucky  about  the  close  of  tlie  last  century,  lieeaiiie  Shakers— the  latter  and 
former  takinc;  up  their  residence  at  Union,  a  .Shaker  village  near  Lebanon, 
Ohio.  Dunlavy  published,  in  1813,  an  exposition  and  defense  of  Shakerism, 
entitled  "The  Manifesto,  or  a  Declaration  of  the  Doctrines  and  Practice  of 
the  Church  of  Christ,"  a  dull  8vo.,  520  pp.,  printed  at  the  Shaker  village  of 
Pleasant  Hill,  in  Mercer  county,  Kentucky. 

The  Rev.  John  Breckinridge,  D.  D.,  was  the  sixth  of  nine  children  of  the 
Hon.  John  Breckinridge,  (of  whose  life  a  sketch  will  be  found  under  the  head 
of  Breckinridcre  county).  He  was  born  at  Cabell's-Dale,  on  North  Elkhorn,  on 
the  4th  day  of  July,  1797;  and  died  at  the  same  place  on  the  4th  day  of  August, 
1841,  having  just  completed  his  44lh  year.  Some  account  has  been  given  of  bis 
paternal  ancestors,  in  the  notice  of  his  father;  and  of  his  maternal,  in  that  of  his 
elder  brother,  Joseph  Cabell  Breckinridge.  His  father  died  when  he  was  nine 
years  old ;  and  from  that  time,  he  was  reared  under  the  care  of  his  widowed 
mother,  and  brother  Cabell,  who  was  his  guardian.  His  education  was  conduct- 
ed at  the  best  schools  which  Kentucky  afforded,  and  completed  at  Princeton 
college,  N.  J.,  where  he  spent  about  three  years  as  a  pupil,  and  graduated  with 
great  distinction  in  the  autumn  of  1818,  having  just  completed  his  21st  year.  He 
was  destined  by  his  family  for  the  profession  of  the  law.  During  his  residence 
in  Princeton  college,  he  became  a  subject  of  divine  grace,  and  united  himself 
with  the  Presbyterian  church,  to  which  his  paternal  ancestors  had  been  attached 
from  the  period  of  the  reformation  of  the  sixteenth  century,  in  Scotland ;  and 
determined,  against  the  earnest  wishes  of  all  his  immediate  family — not  one  of 
whom  was  at  that  time  a  professor  of  religion — to  devote  himself  to  the  gospel 
ministry,  and,  as  it  is  believed,  to  the  work  of  foreign  missions.  The  providen- 
tial dealings  of  God  constantly  frustrated  this  latter  intention,  but  the  former  was 
carried  into  effect;  and  after  spending  several  years  more  in  Princeton,  as  a 
student  of  the  theological  seminary  there,  and  part  of  the  time  as  a  tutor  in  the 
college,  he  was  licensed  and  ordained  a  minister  of  Jesus  Christ,  in  the  Presby- 
terian church  of  the  United  States. 

In  18-23,  he  was  chaplain  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States.  In  1823,  he  settled  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  as  pastor  of  the  Mc- 
Chord  church  of  that  place.  In  1826,  he  removed  to  the  city  of  Baltimore,  as 
co-pastor  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Glendy ;  and  afterwards,  as  sole  pastor  of  the  sec- 
ond Presbyterian  church  in  that  city.  Tn  1831,  he  removed  to  the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia, as  secretary  and  general  agent  of  the  board  of  education  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church.  In  1836,  the  general  assembly  of  that  church  elected  him  a 
professor  in  the  theological  seminary  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  to  which  place 
he  then  removed.  LIpon  the  organization  of  the  board  of  foreign  missions  by  the 
Presbyterian  church,  he  was  elected  its  secretary  and  general  agent,  and  contin- 
ued at  the  head  of  the  operations  of  that  board  from  about  1838  to  1840.  At  the 
period  of  his  death,  he  was  the  pastor  elect  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  the 
city  of  New  Orleans,  and  president  elect  of  the  university  of  Oglethorpe,  in 
Georgia. 

He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  gifts.  To  great  gentleness  and  refinement  of 
manners  and  feelings,  he  added  remarkable  correctness  and  vigor  of  purpose  and 
force  of  will.  Ardent  and  intrepid,  as  ever  man  was,  be  was  also  patient  of  labor, 
calm  and  wary  in  the  formation  of  his  designs,  and  indomitable  in  the  resolution 
with  which  he  pursued  his  objects.  His  success  in  life  was,  of  necessity,  striking 
and  universal;  and  at" the  period  of  his  death,  though  he  had  scarcely  attained 
the  meridian  of  life,  he  was  probably  as  universally  known,  and  as  universally 
admired  and  loved,  as  any  minister  of  the  gospel  in  America  had  ever  been.  A 
more  generous,  disinterested  and  benevolent  man,  never  lived.  His  talents  were 
of  a  high  order;  and  in  the  midst  of  a  life  of  incessant  activity,  he  acquired  very 
extensive  learning  in  his  immediate  profession,  and  was  justly  and  highly  dis- 
tinguished for  the  compass  and  elegance  of  his  general  attainments.  As  a  pub- 
lic speaker,  and  especially  as  a  pulpit  orator,  few  of  his  generation  equalled 
him — and  taken  for  all  in  all,  hardly  one  excelled  him.  So  greatly  was  be  ad- 
mired and  loved,  and  so  high  was  the  public  confidence  in  him,  that  calls  and  in- 
vitations to  churches,  colleges,  and  every  sort  of  public  employment,  suitable  to 
I. ..30 


466  HISTORICAL    SKETCH    OF  THE 

his  calling  as  a  christian  minister,  were  continually  pressed  upon  him  from  every 
section  of  the  United  States.  His  connection  with  the  great  movements  and 
controversief  of  his  age,  so  far  as  they  bore  a  moral  or  religious  aspect,  was 
close  and  constant.  A  few  hours  before  his  death,  and  almost  as  his  last  words, 
he  uttered  these  sublime  words  :  "  I  am  a  poor  sinner,  who  have  worked  hard, 
and  had  constantly  before  my  mind  one  great  object — the  conversion  of  the 
WORLD."     It  was  a  true  and  an  honest  synopsis  of  his  life  and  labors. 

One  of  the  most  extraordinary  and  scandalous  events  that  ever  occurred,  was 
the  attempt  made  five  years  after  the  death  of  this  good  and  great  man,  by  cer- 
tain Roman  Catholics  of  St.  Louis  and  elsewhere,  to  prove  that  he  had  died  a 
convert  to  their  religion — a  religion  which  he  spent  many  years  of  his  life  in  the 
most  ardent  efforts  to  confute  and  expose — and  in  regard  to  which,  the  evidence 
was  perfectly  conclusive  that,  to  the  end  of  his  life,  he  thought  the  worse  of  it, 
as  hp  more  and  more  examined  it. 

In  personal  appearance,  he  was  a  man  of  the  middle  stature — lightly,  but 
finely  and  elegantly  made — and  possessed  of  great  strength  and  activity.  His 
features  wore  an  habitual  aspect  of  mingled  gentleness,  sadness,  and  almost 
severity.  His  eyes  and  hair  were  light  hazle.  He  was  twice  married — the  first 
time,  to  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Miller,  of  New  Jersey ;  the  second  time,  to 
a  daughter  of  Colonel  Babcock,  of  Connecticut.  His  second  wife,  and  three 
children  by  the  first,  and  one  by  the  second  marriage,  survived. 

A  notice  of  Centre  College,  which  was  organized  by  and  has  been  under  the 
control  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Kentucky,  will  be  found  under  the  head 
of  Boyle  county. 

Danville  Theological  Seminary. — The  synod  of  Kentucky  in  1847 
adopted  a  plan  of  cooperation  in  the  management  of  the  New  Albany  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  and  raised  a  theological  fund  of  $20,000,  of  which  the  annual 
interest  at  six  per  cent  was  for  a  number  of  years  appropriated  to  the  support 
of  a  professor;  full  control  of  this  fund,  however,  was  retained  by  the  synod. 
At  the  meeting  of  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly  (Old  School)  in  Phil- 
adelphia, in  May,  1853,  seven  western  synods  concurred  in  asking  that  body 
to  establish  in  the  West,  a  theological  seminary  of  the  first  class.  Twelve 
members,  commissioners  from  presbyteries  in  Kentucky,  invited  the  General 
Assembly  to  locate  the  proposed  seminary  at  Danville — promising,  in  that 
event,  $60,000  towards  the  endowment  of  three  chairs,  ten  acres  of  land  as  a 
site,  and  proper  charters  by  means  of  which  the  seminary  might  be  estab- 
lished and  its  funds  held.  Another  offer  was  previously  made — to  appropriate 
the  $20,000  theological  fund  to  endow  a  professorship  in  the  new  seminary, 
no  matter  where  established.  The  larger  offer  was  accepted,  and  the  seminary 
located  at  Danville,  by  a  vote  of  33  for  New  Albany,  78  for  St.  Louis,  and  122 
for  Danville.  The  Assembly  elected  as  professors  Kev.  Drs.  Robert  J.  Breck- 
inridge, Edward  P.  Humphrey,  Benjamin  M.  Palmer,  and  Phineas  D.  Gurley — 
of  whom  only  f)lie  first  two  accepted.  The  first  annual  report  showed  the 
total  funds  of  the  new  seminary  to  be  $76,868 ;  of  which  $5,500  had  been 
raised  by  the  synod,  under  an  amendment  to  the  ch.arter  of  Centre  College 
passed  in  1824,  for  the  purposes  of  theological  education,  and  $21,694  under  a 
charter  granted  in  1850  to  the  trustees  of  the  theological  fund  of  the  synod. 

In  1854  Rev.  John  N.  Waddell,  D.D.,  was  elected  a  professor,  but  declined. 
Rev.  Stuart  Robinson  was  chosen  professor  of  pastoral  theology  and  church 
government  in  1856;  he  accepted,  but  resigned  in  18-58.  Rev.  Stephen  Yerkes 
was  elected,  in  1857,  professor  of  oriental  and  Biblical  literature,  and  ac- 
cepted. In  1859,  at  the  close  of  its  sixth  year,  the  funds  of  the  seminary 
had  accumulated  to  $131,749.  The  same  year  Rev.  Wm.  L.  Breckinridge, 
D.D.,  was  chosen  professor  of  church  government  and  pastoral  theology,  but 
declined;  and  in  1860  Rev.  Joseph  T.  Smith,  D.D.,  of  Baltimore,  was  elected 
and  .accepted,  but  held  the  position  only  a  few  months.  During  the  next 
eleven  years  frequent  changes  in  the  professors  occurred,  only  one  incumbent 
continuing  unchanged  to  the  year  1872. 

The  number  of  students  in  the  seminarv,  as  officiallv  reported,  since  its 
organization,  has  been:  24  in  1853-4;  37* in  18.54-5;  45  in  1855-6;  36  in 
1856-7;  40  in  1857-8;  47  in  1858-9;  53  in  1859-60;  42  in  1860-1;  11  in 
1861-2;  8  in  1862-3;  14  in  1863-4;  15  in  1864-.5.  Total  number  of  studente 
to  September,  1865,  twelve  years,  372 — of  which  81  completed  the  course  of 
study  and  received  the  certificate  of  the  seminary,   i.  e.,  graduated,  as  the 


THE   PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH.  1(57 

word  is  generally  understood.  In  May,  1867,  the  seminary  was  reported  to 
the  General  Assembly  as  "in  a  state  of  suspension,  and  three  of  its  chairs 
vacated  by  resignation  of  professors."  The  experiment  was  tried  of  a  short 
summer  term  in"l868,  and  also  in  1869,  instead  of  from  September  to  May; 
8  students  (of  whom  2  completed  the  course)  attended  rejjularly  in  1868,  and 
4  others  for  a  short  time;  in  1869,  10  students  were  in  attendance,  but  none 
completed  the  course.  The  regular  session  of  1870-1  had  6  students,  "with  a 
full  faculty  (fuur)  on  tlie  ground."    Neither  faculty  nor  students,  1871-74. 

In  May,  1867,  the  directors,  in  their  annual  report,  gave  a  list  of  "the  per- 
sons who"  then  constituted  the  board  of  trustees,"  and  "  ventured  to  express 
their  mind  to  the  General  Assembly  in  these  words,  to  wit: 

"  Besolved,  That  the  General  Assembly,  in  its  sederunt  in  the  state  of  Ken- 
tucky, which  it  is  pledged  to  hold,  while  exercising  its  power  in  the  election 
of  trustees,  be  asked  to  relieve  this  board  of  any  Kentucky  members  who  may 
not  be  in  connection  with  the  synod  of  Kentucky  adhering  to  the  General 
Assembly;  and  that  it  will  be  pleased  to  purge  this  board  of  all  such  existing 
trustees  as  have  taken  part  against  the  General  Assembly." 

Accordingly  the  General  Assembly,  which  was  then  in  sessipn  in  Cincinnati, 
by  resolution,  held  its  session  for  one  day,  Saturday.  May  25,  1867,  in  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Covington,  Kentucky.  In  the  election  of  trustees 
several  who  had  served  the  seminary  faithfully  for  years  were  left  out,  and 
their  places  filled  by  others.  A  report,  signed  "K.  .1.  Breckinridge,  Professor 
of  Theology,"  states  that  "  upon  the  request  and  by  the  appointment  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  1866,  he  had  remained  in  the  care  and  charire  of  the 
Danville  theological  seminary.  Litigation  of  the  widest  extent,  and  in  the  ag 
gregate  of  immense  importance,  has  already  commenced  concerning  ecclesi- 
astical property  in  which  the  congregations  and  institutions  of  the  Presbyte-. 
rian  church  in  the  United  States  are  interested  in  Kentucky.  The  General 
Assembly  has  it  in  its  power,  by  the  faithful  discharge  of  its  duties,  at  this 
time,  to  secure  to  its  faithful  people  all  this  property,  and  these  franchises 
and  institutions,  erected  at  the  cost  and  by  the  zeal  of  the  true  children  of  the 

church,  since  its  planting  in  Kentucky Not  until  the  leaven  of  the 

present  sinful  agitations  in  that  portion  of  the  church  is  cast  out,  can  the 
question  of  the  permanent  location  of  the  seminary  be  advantageously  re- 
vived. If  the  town  of  Danville  is  lost  to  the  Presbyterian  influence  so  long 
predominant  there,  it  can  be  no  longer  a  fit  place  for  a  seminary  of  this  As- 
sembly to  be  located." 

In  1870  the  trustees  reported  the  total  funds  of  the  seminary  $211,010— of 
which  $176,885  invested  in  bonds,  stocks,  etc.,  and  $34,125  in  real  estate. 
The  board  of  directors  reported  "the  endowment  as  totally  inadequate  to  the 
maintenance  of  a  theological  seminary  of  the  first  class.  The  trustees  have 
recently  purchased  one  house  for  the  use  of  a  professor;  but  funds  do  not 
suffice  to  purchase  or  erect  others.  The  accommodations  for  students  are  in- 
ferior to  those  of  the  other  seminaries  of  the  church;  and,  such  as  they  are, 
will  prove  insufficient,  should  God  grant  even  a  moderate  degree  of  prosperity 
to  the  institution.  The  simple  truth  is,  $100,000 — a  part  expended  in  perma- 
nent improvements,  and  a  part  judiciously  invested— are  imperatively 
needed  to  give  this  seminary  a  fair  prospect  of  success  at  this  day.  With 
such  an  amount  at  its  command,  it  would  be  in  a  condition  to  do  its  work  for 
this  generation,  unless  it  should  be  necessary  to  increase  the  number  of  pro- 
fessors  In  view  of  these  facts  we  think  it  will  be  conceded  that 

this  seminary  has  a  just  claim  upon  the  liberality  of  the  church  at  large." 
In  1871  the  trustees  reported  the  total  funds  of  the  seminary  $202,528 — of 
which  $163,257  in  bonds,  stocks,  etc.,  and  $39,270  in  real  estate,  including 
$13,870  for  three  professors'  houses;  they  also  report  $8,333  paid  for  pro- 
fessors' salaries,  and  $1,326  for  general  fund  expenditures. 

The  directors  say  that  the  entire  amount  of  $211,185,  reported  by  the  trus- 
tees as  the  total  endowment  in  1870,  "  has  been — with  the  exception  of  about 
$20,000^contributed  by  the  people  of  Kentucky,  or  acquired  by  savings  and 
by  judicious  changes  of  investments." 

It  is  proper  to  state  here  that,  since  about  1862,  the  entire  seminary  in 
terests — directors,  trustees,   faculty,  funds,  and  buildings — have  been  under 


468  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF 

the  exclusive  control  of  ministers  and  elders  in  connection  with  the  (Northern) 
General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

The  eventful  history  of  the  synod  during  the  period  of  six  years,  bejrinning 
with  the  meeting  at  Harrodsburg,  in  October,  1861,  must  be  briefly  stated. 

The  General  Assembly  of  that  year,  meeting  a  few  weeks  after  the  opening 
of  the  civil  war,  had  initiated  the  practice  of  adopting  "resolutions  upon  the 
state  of  the  country,"  which  from  that  time  annually  converted  the  highest 
court  of  the  church  into  a  propagandist  of  political  dogmas  and  a  subsidiary 
of  the  War-Department.  It  was  still  the  Assembly  of  the  whole  church,  for 
the  synod  of  the  iSouth  had  not  yet  withdrawn  to  organize  a  separate  Assem- 
bly. So  that  the  action  taken  was  directed  as  well  to  those  living  under  the 
de  facto  Confederate  government,  as  to  those  living  under  the  government  of 
the  United  States.  A  large  minority  of  that  Assembly,  headed  by  the  venera- 
ble Dr.  Charles  Hodge,  protested  against  the  action,  on  the  ground  that  the 
Assembly  was  "deciding  a  political  question,"  "the  political  question  which 
agitates  the  country,"  and  was  "making  that  decision  practically  a  condition 
of  membership  to  the  church,"  and  in  thus  doing  "violated  the  constitution  of 
the  church,  and'  usurped  the  prerogative  of  its  Divine  Master."  This  protest 
summarily  expresses  the  position  assumed  and  maintained  by  the  synod,  as  to 
the  strictly  spiritual  function  of  the  church,  and  the  separation  from  its  juris- 
diction of  the  things  which  concern  the  civil  commonwealth.  The  doctrines  of 
ecclesiology  which  emanated  from  the  Seminary  at  Danville,  prevailed  to  a 
large  extent  in  the  synod  of  Kentucky,  the  alumni  of  that  institution  compos- 
ing about  one-third  of  the  ministry  in  its  connection. 

The  Kentucky  synod  of  1861  expressed  its  "grave  disapprobation"  of  the 
action  of  the  Assembly,  and  pronftunced  it  "  to  be  repugnant  to  the  word  of 
God,  as  that  word  is  interpreted  in  our  Confession  of  Faith."  The  Assembly 
of  each  succeeding  year  put  forth  its  deliverances  upon  the  civil  and  military 
affairs  of  the  country — in  each  utterance  growing  more  violent  and  secular  in 
the  spirit  of  its  "  testimony  on  doctrine,  ioi/alti/,  ani  freedom."  'J'he  synod  hav- 
ing expressed  its  emphatic  judgment  of  the  incompetency  of  political  action 
to  a  spiritual  court,  was  content  to  abide  quietly  in  this  posture  during  the 
violent  agitation  of  the  commonwealth,  as  a  border  state,  in  time  of  war.  Once 
her  repeated  testimony  is  given;  in  the  minute  disapproving  the  action  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  1864,  on  the  subject  of  slavery,  this  expression  is  made: 
"The  mission  of  the  church  of  Christ  is  spiritual,  and  any  interference  with  mat- 
ters purely  political  is  a  departure  from  her  duty,  and  without  the  pale  of  her  au- 
thority, as  conferred  upon  her  by  her  Divine  Head."  The  Assembly  of  1865 
met,  a  few  weeks  after  the  surrender  of  the  Southern  armies,  and  the  dutiful 
acquiescence  of  the  people  of  the  South  in  their  relations  determined  by  the 
war.  But  while  those  who  had  been  engaged  in  the  strife  of  the  field  between 
contending  armies  were  conspiring  for  the  reestablishment  of  peace  an  implac- 
able spirit  possessed  the  Assembly.  There  being  now  no  national  exigency 
to  furnish  a  pretext  to  political  fonatioism,  the  insatiate  spirit  must  feed  upon 
the  prospect  of  the  country's  peace.  While  previous  Assemblies  had  tran- 
scended the  bounds  of  a  competent  jurisdiction  in  enunciating  political  dog- 
mas and  intermeddling  with  the  conduct  of  war,  this  Assembly  undertoofto 
force  the  conscience  of  the  church  into  a  submission  to  the  political  record 
which  had  been  made  by  the  four  Assemblies  which  preceded  it.  This  eflfort 
assumed  the  form  of  ordinances  requiring: 

1.  The  appointment  of  domestic  missionaries  to  be  made  only  on  satisfac- 
tory evidence  of  their  "  cordial  sympathy  with  the  Assembly  in  her  testimony 
on  doclritie,  loyalty,  and  freedom." 

2.  All  ministers  from  the  Southern  states  applying  for  membership  in  any 
of  the  presbyteries,  to  be  examined  as  to  their  participation  in  the  rebellion, 
and  their  views  on  the  subject  of  slavery;  and,  before  admission,  to  confess 
their  sin  and  forsake  their  error,  if  their  actions  and  views  did  not  accord 
■with  the  Assembly's  testimony. 

3.  Ordering  church  sessions  to  examine  all  applicants  for  church  member- 
ship from  the  Soutliern  states,  concerning  their  conduct  and  principles  on  the 
points  above  specified,  and  to  refuse  them  admission  ou  the  same  ground. 


THE  PRESBYTEKIAN   CHURCH.  409 

4.  Requiring  presbyteries  to  erase  from  tlieir  rolls,  after  the  expiration  of 
a  certain  time,  any  minister  or  ministers  who  may  have  fled  or  been  sent  by 
civil  or  military  authority  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  unless 
they  give  satisfactory  evidence  of  repentance.  , 

By  these  acts  of  enforcement  the  test  was  now  made  in  the  church  of  sub- 
mission against  conscience,  or  open  abnegation  of  usurped  authority. 

This  action  of  the  Assembly  to  bind  the  conscience  by  its  dogmas,  occa- 
sioned the  issue  of  a  "  Declaration  and  Testimony  against  the  erroneous  and 
heretical  doctrines  and  practices,  which  have  obtained  and  been  propagated 
in  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States,  during  the  last  live  years." 
This  "Declaration"  was  an  earnest  protest  against  the  whole  "testimony  on 
Doctrine,  Loyalty  and  Freedom,"  which  the  Assembly  ordinances  of  1865  were 
intended  to  enforce.  The  paper  was  adopted  by  the  Presbytery  of  Louisville, 
at  Bardstown,  September  2,  1865,  and  was  also  signed  by  a  number  of  minis- 
ters and  elders  in  other  presbyteries  and  portions  of  the  church.  When  the 
synod  met  at  Louisville  in  October,  1865,  "a  paper  was  introduced  by  Dr. 
Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  calling  in  question  the  right  of  those  members  of  the 
Presbytery  of  Louisville  and  others,  who  have  endorsed  and  adopted  the  paper 
styled  the  "  Declaration  and  Testimony,"  to  sit  and  act  as  members  of  the 
synod  of  Kentucky."  After  a  discussion  extending  through  four  days  between 
Dr.  Breckinridge  and  Dr.  Samuel  R.  Wilson  and  others,  the  synod,  by  a  ma- 
jority of  107  to  '22,  rel'used  to  adopt  the  paper  offered  by  Dr.  Breckinridge, 
thus  deciding  the  question  of  the  right  which  had  been  challenged.  Dr. 
Breckinridge,  in  behalf  of  himself  and  others,  entered  an  appeal  and  com- 
plaint against  this  action  of  the  synod.  On  a  subsequent  day  a  paper  was  in- 
troduced, and  considered,  item  by  item ;  one  portion  expressing  disapproval 
of  the  acts  of  the  Assembly  of  1865  above  mentioned,  "as  tending  to  destroy 
the  peace  and  harmony  of  the  church,  and  in  some  of  their  provisions  uncon- 
stitutional and  unsoriptural;"  another  portion  disapproving  "the  terms"  of 
the  "Declaration  and  Testimony"  and  "its  spirit  and  intent  indicated  on  its 
face,  as  looking  to  further  agitation  of  the  church,  if  not  its  division."  The 
first  portion  was  adopted  by  a  majority  of  76  to  22 ;  the  other  of  54  to  46. 

In  the  Assembly  of  1866,  which  met  at  St.  Louis,  the  commissioners  from 
the  Presbytery  of  Louisville  were,  without  a  hearing,  excluded  from  seats,  be- 
cause that  presbytery  had  adopted  the  "Declaration  and  Testimony,"  in  which 
paper  the  presbytery  "  defied  the  authority  of  the  Assembly  "  by  refusing  to  ex- 
ecute the  ordinances  of  1865.  Other  presbyteries  of  the  synod  had  made  de- 
clarations of  the  same  import.  But  the  purpose  of  the  Assembly  was  to  make  a 
test  case  of  the  Louisville  Presbytery  and  the  signers  of  the  "  Declaration," 
with  the  view  of  silencing  all  opposition  or  cutting  off  troublesome  consciences. 
This  Assembly  had  before  it  the  opportunity  of  disposing  of  the  subject  of  the 
"Declaration  and  Testimony,"  and  of  ordering  process  against  the  signers 
thereof,  in  a  regular  judicial  mannei-,  through  the  appeal  and  complaint  of  Dr. 
Breckinridge  and  others.  But  the  constitution  of  the  church  did  not  provide 
such  summary  proceeding  as  usurped  authority  could  make  available,  and 
made  no  provision  for  process  against  those  who  would  maintain  its  integrity. 
To  punish  disobedience  to  the  usurpations  of  1865  and  the  years  previous,  re- 
quired the  usurpations  of  1866.  Hence  the  adoption  of  what  is  known  as  the 
^' ipso  facto"  decree,  which  summoned  the  signers  of  the  "Declaration  and 
Testimony"  and  the  members  of  the  Presbytei-y  of  Louisville  to  appear  and 
answer  at  the  bar  of  the  next  Assembly;  and  which  prohibited  such  persons 
being  admitted  to  sit  in  any  church  court  higher  than  the  church  session  until 
their  case  was  decided,  upon  the  penalty  of  the  '''  ipso  facto"  dissolution  of  any 
presbytery  or  synod  disregarding  this  decree.  The  appeal  and  complaint  of 
Dr.  Breckinridge  and  others  against  the  decision  of  the  synod  in  the  case  of 
the  Louisville  Presbytery  and  others  adopting  and  signing  the  "Declaration 
and  Testimony,"  went  by  default,  on  account  of  failure  to  prosecute — which, 
according  to  Book  of  Discipline,  Chiip.  vii.  Sec.  3,  p.  11,  established  the  decision 
of  the  synod  as  fin.al.  When,  therefore,  the  synod  met  at  Henderson  in  1866, 
it  was  brought  face  to  face  with  the  unconstitutional  ^^  ipso  facto"  decree  of 
the  Assembly,  commanding  one  course  of  action  in  a  matter,  which  had  been 
constitutionally  and  finally  decided   in  a  sentence   precisely  opposite.     The 


470  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF 

synod  simply  ir;nored  the  order  of  the  Assembly;  and  the  following  is  the 
minute  giving  the  history  of  its  opening  session,  October  10th,  1866; 

"After  the  sermon,  the  moderator,  Rev.  Robert  L.  Breck,  proceeded  to  consti- 
tute the^sessions  of  the  synod  with  prayer.  'J"he  stated  clerk  being  directed  to 
call  the  roll,  proceeded  with  it  in  an  unusual  order,  omitting  the  names  of  a 
large  majority  of  the  members  of  the  first  presbytery  selected  by  him ;  he  was 
directed  by  the  moderator  to  call  the  roll  of  all  the  constituent  members  and 
churches  of  the  synod.  Declaring  his  unwillingness  to  do  this,  he  was  ordered 
by  the  moderator,  in  the  name  of  the  synod  of  Kentucky,  to  perform  this  duty 
— which  he  again  refused  to  do.  The  moderator  then  announced  that  he  was 
charged  with  the  duty  of  directing  all  proceedings  to  the  organization  for 
business;  that  though  the  synod  was  present,  its"  members  were  unknown 
until  the  roll  should  be  called;  he,  therefore,  could  not  relieve  himself  by  the 
submission  to  the  house  of  the  que.-ition  as  to  the  mode  of  procedure.  That, 
in  the  nature  of  the  case,  in  view  of  the  difficulties  of  any  other  course,  and  ac- 
cording to  our  rules,  the  first  and  only  thing  at  that  time  in  order,  was  the  call- 
ing of  the  roll ;  that,  as  the  stated  clerk  had  refused  to  call  if,  and  there  was 
nothing  in  our  book  making  it  essential  that  this  should  be  done  by  the  clerk, 
since  the  necessity  was  put  upon  him,  lie  would  proceed  to  call  it  himself. 
That,  as  it  was  not  competent  for  him  to  decide  concerning  the  membership 
of  the  synod,  as  affected  by  any  thing  that  may  have  transpired  in  the  recess 
of  the  body  (it  being  a  question,  not  of  order,  but  of  substance  and  vital 
principle),  he  could  only  recognize  the  synod  as  it  was  and  is,  unaffected  by 
any  thing  not  its  own  act,  and  leave  the  question  of  membership  to  be  de- 
cided by  the  body  when  it  should  be  organized.  He  would,  therefore,  call  the 
roll  according  to  the  official  rolls  of  the  presbyteries  furnished  to  the  last  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  and  printed  in  the  minutes  of  the  Assembly.  He  requested 
Dr.  W.  W.  Hill  to  assist  him  by  taking  down  the  names. 

"  Dr.  R.  J.  Breckinridge  protested  against  this  whole  procedure.  Dr.  E.  P. 
Humphrey,  in  justification  of  the  course  of  the  stated  clerk,  called  attention  to 
the  6th  standing  order  of  the  synod,  which  requires  '  that,  previous  to  each 
meeting  of  the  sj'nod,  the  stated  clerk  procure  from  the  stated  clerks  of  the 
several  presbyteries  recent  and  correct  lists  of  the  names  of  their  members.' 
The  moderator  decided  that  the  stated  clerk  had  not  complied  with  the  order 
— as  it  was  within  his  personal  knowledge  that  the  clerk  had  not  applied  for 
rolls  to  the  stated  clerks  of  presbyteries.  The  question  was  asked :  Can  the 
moderator  appoint  a  clerk?  Dr.  Wilson  said  the  moderator  had  not  appointed 
a  clerk;  but  as  the  stated  clerk  had  refused  to  call  the  roll,  the  moderator — 
who  was  the  only  officer  who  could  organize  the  house — was  himself  about  to 
call  the  roll,  and  had  merely  asked  Dr.  Hill  to  assist  him  by  noting  the  names. 
The  moderator  concurred  in  the  statement. 

"Rev.  Rutherford  Douglas  moved,  Rev  Gelon  H.  Rout  seconding  the  motion, 
that  the  House  sustain  the  decision  of  the  moderator.  The  moderator  decided 
the  motion  out  of  order;  but  that  he  might  avoid  all  appearance  of  severe  or 
partial  ruling  and  give  the  largest  liberty  to  all,  he  would — contrary  to  his  clear 
conviction  as  to  order — put  the  motion  and  take  the  vote,  if  there  was  evi- 
dence of  general  desire  for  a  test  of  the  sense  of  those  present.  There  being 
no  further  expression  of  such  desire,  and  Dr.  R.  J.  Breckinridge  having  given 
notice  to  all  agreeing  with  him  not  to  vote  upon  it,  if  put — the  moderator 
allowing  no  further  interruptions,  proceeded  to  call  the  roll.  Dr.  R.  J. 
Breckinridge  called  on  those  agreeing  with  him  and  adhering  to  the  General 
Assembly  not  to  answer  to  the  call." 

Forty-four  ministers  and  fifty-four  elders  answered  to  the  call  of  the  roll, 
and  the  synod  proceeded  to  business  with  ninety-eight  members  enrolled. 
Those  who  adhered  to  the  order  of  the  Assembly  declined  to  answer  to  the 
call,  and  afterward  withdrew  and  constituted  themselves  into  a  separate  body. 

The  views  and  purposed  action  of  the  synod  at  this  juncture  are  presented 
in  the  following  papei-,  adopted  at  Henderson : 

"  The  refusal  of  this  Synod  to  recognize  the  validity  of  certain  acts  of  the  General 
Assembly,  hitherto  helil,  by  men  of  all  parties  among  us,  to  be  unconstitutional,  and, 
therefore,  null  and  void,  having  led  to  the  secession  of  a  number  of  ministers  and  a  few 
of  the  churches  from  this  body,  it  seems  not  only  proper,  but  an  imperative  duty  to  set 


THE    PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH.  471 

forth— for  the  information  of  our  own  churches,  and  of  all  who  have  held  '  lite  precious 
faith  with  us  '  concerning  the  sphere  of  the  church— the  views  and  purposed  action  of 
the  nynod  in  this  emergency. 

"  First  of  all,  it  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  synod  to  make  any  change  of  its  formal 
ecclesiastical  relations,  but  to  continue  to  stand  in  its  present  position  of  open  pro- 
test and  resistance  to  the  enforcement  of  the  acts  of  the  General  Assembles  of  1S61- 
'66,  concerning  •  Doctrine,  Loyalty,  and  Freedom,'  as  unconstitutional,  and,  therefore, 
null  and  void. 

"Nevertheless,  as  this  synod  did,  in  1865,  declare  its  prayerful  trust  'that  in  the 
good  providence  of  God,  a  way  be  opened  for  a  re-union  under  the  General  Assembly, 
of  all  who  profess  the  faith  and  adhere  to  the  standards  and  love  the  order  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,'  so  now  it  is  the  purpose  of  this  body  to  shape  its  action  with 
reference  to  that  desire  and  to  the  fact  that,  in  the  providence  of  God,  this  body  stands 
in  a  position  toward  both  sections  of  the  church,  which  specially  qualifies  it  for  the 
work  of  mediation  between  them.  On  the  one  hand,  it  stands  in  full  sympathy  with  a 
large  body  of  conservative  ministers  and  people  in  the  Northern  Assembly,  and  with 
the  Synod  of  Missouri,  who,  like  ourselves,  have  protested  against  the  same  unconsti- 
tutional acts.  On  the  other  hand,  this  synod  has  held  that  the  Southern  churches, 
being  driven  into  a  separation  from  us  by  the  unwise  and  unconstitutional  acts  of  our 
General  Assembly,  and,  by  circumstances  beyond  their  control,  are,  therefore,  not 
schismatical ;  and  those  churches  are  understood  to  sympathize  fully  with  this  synod 
in  its  principles  concerning  the  sphere  of  the  church.  These  facts  make  itvery  appar- 
ent that  this  body  has  a  special  duty  to  discharge  in  the  way  of  promoting  re-union. 
And,  therefore,  while  it  proceeds  with  vigorous  action  to  sustain  ils  views  of  truth, 
will  not  forget  its  relations  to  the  brethren  of  the  Lord  on  either  side.  In  accordance 
with  these  general  views,  the  synod  will  at  this  time  take  the  following  action  : 

"  1.  Appoint  a  central  committee  of  missions,  to  which  shall  be  intrusted  the  work  of 
supporting  missionaries  within  our  hounds,  and  sustain  such  feeble  churches  as,  by 
reason  of  sympathy  with  the  views  of  this  synod,  are  cut  off  from  support  by  the 
Board  of  Missions  at  Philadelphia. 

"2.  The  synod  will  make  an  effort  to  raise,  if  needful,  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand 
dollars  ($20,000),  to  be  expended  by  this  committee  during  this  year.  It  will  appor- 
tion that  sum  to  be  raised  among  our  churches,  according  to  their  number  and  ability, 
and  authorize  the  committee  of  missions  to  send  a  messenger  or  messengers  to  the 
churches  to  collect  it.  » 

"3.  The  synod  hereby  invites  all  Presbyterian  ministers  and  people  who  concur 
with  us  in  protesting  against  the  present  course  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  at 
Philadelphia,  to  co-operate  in  the  missionary  work  through  the  synod's  committee  j 
and  will  instruct  its  committee  to  deal  with  the  utmost  liberality,  that  its  means  and  the 
rights  of  our  own  churches  will  admit  of,  toward  missionaries  and  congregations  with- 
out our  bounds  who  may  desire  aid.  The  synod  will  also  instruct  its  committee  in 
carrying  forward  its  work  to  render  such  incidental  aid  as  may  be  within  its  power 
to  ministers  and  congregations  in  the  Western  and  Southern  States,  especially  such 
as  are  suffering  from  the  present  distress  ;  and  to  act  as  agents  for  forwarding  such 
funds  as  may  be  contributed  specially  for  that  object. 

"  4.  The  synod,  in  addition  to  a  pastoral  address  to  the  churches,  hereby  requests  its 
ministers  to  act  as  evangelists,  to  visit  all  the  congregations  withirf  our  bounds,  and 
expound  to  the  people  our  present  position  and  purposes,  and  secure  their  cordial  co- 
operation in  this  action. 

"5.  This  synod  also  hereby  expresses,  on  the  one  hand,  its  sympathy  and  its  readi- 
ness to  co-operate  with  such  conservative  brethren  in  the  Northern  Assembly  as  desire 
to  return  to  the  old  paths;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  its  sympathy  with,  and  readiness 
to  assist  to  the  utmost  of  its  ability,  the  brethren  of  the  southern  churches  ;  and,  at 
the  same  time,  expresses  the  hope  that  they  will  evince  a  readiness  to  co-operate  with 
all  conservative  men,  north  and  south,  in  a  common  effort  to  restore  the  General 
Assembly  as  it  was  before  the  w.ar — on  a  basis  of  those  ancient  conservative  principles 
of  Presbyterianism  for  which  this  synod  is  contending." 

The  commissioners  to  the  General  Assembly  of  1867,  from  the  presbyteries 
under  the  care  of  the  synod,  were  refused  seats  in  that  body;  and  the  synod 
and  presbyteries  were  declared  to  be  "  in.no  sense  true  and  lawful  synod  and 
presbyteries  in  connection  with,  and  under  the  care  and  autbority  of,  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America." 
By  the  Assembly's  own  act,  its  unconstitutional  enactments  resulted  in  the 
final  separation  of  the  synod. 

In  the  synod  of  1867,  at  Lebanon,  a  letter,  containing  "  a  statement  of  doc- 
trines and  principles  for  which  the  sj'nod  of  Kentucky  and  its  presbyteries 
have  been  contendini;  in  the  controversies  with  the  General  Assembly  during 
the  past  seven  years, "  was  addressed,  by  the  hands  of  delegates  appointed, 
to  the  [Southern]  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United 


472  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF 

States,  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  in  November,  1867.  This  statement  pro- 
posed "  to  be,  substantially,  the  basis  of  a  covenant  upon  which  the  synod 
of  Kentucky  may  foim  an  organic  union  "  with  that  Assembly.  The  Assem- 
bly at  Nashville  received  the  delegates,  admitted  the  letter  to  record,  assured 
the  synod  of  its  substantial  agreement  in  the  doctrines  and  principles  stated 
and  instructed  the  standing  committee  on  commissions  to  receive  and  eni'oll 
■without  further  order,  commissioners  properly  accredited  from  the  presby 
teries  of  the  synod.  According  to  the  action  of  the  synod  in  1868,  the  sev 
eral  presbyteries  appointed  commissioners  to  represent  them  in  the  Assembly, 
■which  met  in  Mobile,  Alabama,  in  May,  1869. 

After  this  division  of  the  church  we  have  not  the  statistics  of  the  portion 
commonly  known  as  the  Declaration  and  Testimony,  or  Independent,  synod 
of  Kentucky,  until  after  its  union  with  the  (Southern)  General  Assembly. 
In  1869  the  whole  number  of  ministers  reported  was  71,  and  of  members 
4,466;  in  187U,  ministers  75,  members  5,353;  in  May,  1871,  ministers  78, 
members  6,600.  To  those  should  be  added  fully  1,000  members  of  small  and 
scattered  churches  from  whom  no  report  was  received,  making  7,600  members 
in  121)  churches.  Besides  the  six  presbyteries  of  Transylvania,  West  Jjcxing- 
ton,  Ebenezer,  Louisville,  Muhlenburg,  and  Paducah,  whose  statistics  are  thus 
given,  the  synod  embraces  the  new  presbytery  of  Central  Ohio,  constituted  in 
October,  1868,  which  has  six  ministers  and  some  450  communicants. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  and  important  features  of  the  present  and  future 
prosperity  of  this  synod,  should  be  mentioned  the  plan  of  sustentation,  in 
successful  operation  since  the  fall  of  1869 — by  which  the  ministry  is  much 
more  adequately  supported  and  more  of  the  feeble  churches  provided  with  the 
ordinances  of  the  gospel. 

Another  noticeable  indication  of  prosperity  is  that  in  the  years  1870  and 
1871  more  new  and  tasteful  houses  of  worship  have  been  erected  than  in  any 
previous  ten  years  of  the  synod's  history. 

The  "  True  Presbyterianj'  the  only  Presbyterian  newspaper  at  the  time  in 
Kentucky,  was  suppressed  in  1862  by  the  military  autdorities — on  a  represen- 
tation or  charge  that  its  editor,  Rev.  Stuart  Robinson,  D.D.,  was  disloyal 
He  was  arrested  and  released,  and  again  about  to  be  arrested — which  was 
avoided  by  his  escape  to  Canada,  and  residence  there  until  some  time  after  the 
close  of  the  war. 

The  following  Kentucky  ministers  have  presided  as  moderators  over  the 
General  Assemjjly  of  the  (0.  S.)  Presbyterian  church,  viz. :  Rev.  James  Blythe, 
D.D.,  in  1816;  Rev.  James  Hoge,  D.D.,  in  1832:  Rev.  Joshua  L.  Wilson,  D.D., 
in  1839;  Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  in  1841;  Rev.  John  T. 
Edgar,  D.D.,  in  1842;  Rev.  Edward  P.  Humphrey,  D.D.,  in  1851;  Rev.  John 
C.  Young,  D.D.,  in  1853;  Rev.  Nathan  L.  Rice,  U.I)  ,  in  18.55;  Rev.  Wm  L. 
Breckinridge,  D.D,  in  1859.  Rev.  Thornton  A.  Mills,  D.D ,  was  moderator 
of  the  (N.  fi.)  General  Assembly  in  18()0;  and  Rev.  Stuart  Robinson,  D.D.,  of 
the  (Southern)  General  Assembly  in  1869,  elected  unanimously.  Half  of  these 
had  removed  from  Kentucky,  and  were  citizens  of  other  states,  when  thus  hon- 
ored by  the  churcli. 

In  1860  the  total  number  of  Presbyterian  churches  in  Kentucky  was  164; 
total  number  of  sittings  or  accommodations,  67,440 — an  average  of  397  to  each 
iihurch;  total  value  of  Presbyterian  church  property,  |607,22.5 — making  the 
[average  cost  or  value  of  each  cliurch  $2,883. 

Jedidiah  Morse,  in  his  "American  Geography,  or  A'iew  of  the  Present  Situ- 
ation of  the  United  States  of  America,"  published  at  Elizabeth.  Town,  New 
Jersey,  in  1789,  p.  109,  says  that  ",in  June,  1780,  a  large  body  of  the  enemy, 
commanded  by  General  Kniphausen,  landed  at  Elizabeth  Town  point,  New 
Jersey,  and  proceeded  into  the  country.  They  were  much  harassed,  in  their 
progress,  by  Colonel  Dayton  and  the  troops  under  his  command.  When  they 
arrived  at  Connecticut  Farms,  according  to  their  usual  but  sacrilegious  cus- 
tom, they  burnt  the  Presbyterian  church,  parsonage  house,  and  a  considera- 
ble part  of  the  village.  But  the  most  cruel  and  wanton  act  that  was  perpe- 
trated during  this  incursion,  was  the  murder  of  Mrs.  Caldwell,  the  wife  of  the 
Presbyterian  minister.  Rev.  Mr.  Caldwell,  of  Elizabeth  Town — done  to  intimi- 
date the  populace  to  relinquish  their  cause" — and  followed,  in  a  few  months, 


THE   PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH. 


473 


by  the  murder  of  Mr.  Caldwell  himselT,  so  outrajjeoiis  and  inexcusable,  that 
the  villainous  soldier  who  shot  him  was  seized  and  executed.  "Presbyterian 
churclies  were  called  hlsIs  of  rebellion ;  and  it  appears  by  the  number  that 
were  burnt,  in  every  part  of  this  continent  where  the  British  had  access,  that 
thet/  were  particularly  obnoxious."        

Presbytekian  Synod  op  Kentucky',  (Northern). — After  the  division  of  the 
synod  was  etfected  at  Henderson,  Octol'er  lU,  1866,  that  part  which  deter- 
mined to  adhere  to  the  "General  A.ssembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
United  States  of  America"  proceeded  to  the  work  of  reorganization.  An 
adjourned  meeting  was  held  in  Lexington,  November  20,  1S66,  and  another  in 
Covington,  October  9,  1867,  to  perfect  its  plans. 

At  the  adjourned  meeting  at  Lexington,  the  proceedings  of  Louisville  Pres- 
bytery in  reference  to  the  ministers,  elders,  and  churches,  who  had  renounced 
the  authority  of  the  General  Assembly  [i.  e.,  the  signers  of  the  Declaration 
and  Testimony,  and  those  upholding  tliem],  was  declared  "constitutional  and 
regular,  entirely  within  the  power  of  presbytery,  under  the  Form  of  Govern- 
ment and  the  orders  of  the  General  Assembly."  Those  proceedings  "recom- 
mended that  the  pastoral  relations  be  dissolved  and  the  pulpits  declared  va- 
cant; that  the  stated  supplies  and  missionaries  be  declared  to  have  forfeited 
their  commissions,  and  all  right  to  occupy  their  pulpits  or  labor  among  the 
people  under  presbyterial  sanction;  that  the  ruling  elders  be  suspended  from 
the  exercise  of  their  functions;  that  when  the  majority  of  the  session  of  any 
church  remains  faithful,  they  treat  all  who  renounce  the  authority  of  the 
church  as  if  they  had  joined  another  denomination,  dropping  their  names 
from  the  roll  of  members ;  that  when  a  majority  of  any  session  has  gone  into 
the  schism,  the  minority,  if  sufBcently  numerous  to'  act,  be  recognized  as  the 
session;  that  when  the  whole  session  adheres  to  the  schismatical  party,  it  being 
dissolved  by  a  previous  provision,  the  members  who  adhere  to  the  church  be 
directed  to  choose  new  elders,  who,  after  ordination  and  installation,  shall  be 
regarded  as  the  true  session  of  that  congregation ,  that  where  the  minority  is 
so  small  as  to  render  it  impossible  to  perpetuate  their  organization,  and  desire 
further  relief,  they  be  requested  to  protest  against  the  schism,  and  make  a 
full  report  of  the  lixcts  to  the  presbytery." 

During  the  same  meeting  the  synod,  in  the  report  on  the  minutes  of  the 
General  Assembly,  under  the  he.nd  of  "Organic  Union  of  the  Old  and  New 
School,"  says:  "  There  is  much  evidence  going  to  show  that  the  causes  which 
led  to  disruption  thirty  years  ago  do  still  exist.  This  synod  does  not  see  that 
the  way  is  prepared  for  organic  reunion;  and  regards  with  grave  apprehen- 
sion the  posture  in  -which  the  business  now  stands;  the  zeal  with  which  the 
measure  is  pursued  is  not,  in  our  judgment,  according  to  knowledge;  it  is 
hasty,  untimely,  not  regardful  enough  of  sound  doctrine  and  scriptural  order, 
and  if  concluded  will  lead  to  incalculable  mischief.  Should  this  measure  be 
precipitated,  instead  of  subserving  the  cause  of  Christian  union,  it  would  most 
assuredly  promote  dissension."  In  Octobei',  1867,  at  Covington,  the  synod 
"expressed  its  decided  opposition  to  said  union  upon  the  basis  proposed  by 
the  joint  committee  of  the  General  Assemblies  of  the  two  bodies,  which  is 
particularly  objectionable  " 

The  following  statistics  are  from  the  official  reports  to  the  General  Assembly  : 


PEESBYTEKIES. 

1868. 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

Min'rs. 

Memb. 

Min'rs. 

M.^nib. 

Min'rs. 

M,.m„. 

Min'is. 

M^b. 

11 
Vi 
13 

1727 
1398 
188« 

9 
10 
13 
6 
3 
3 

1700 
1660 
1059 
614 
248 
366 

12 
16 
10 

B 

17U 

1262 
1233 
721 
244 

20 
20 
10 

2600 
1819 
1302 

Louisville 

Transylvania 

West  Lexington  ... 
Muhlenbuig  

9          834 



43 

6436 

61 

6:il(l|            50 

5721 

474  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF 

The  returng  for  the  year  1868  probably  include  some  churches  which,  hav- 
ing decided  to  unite  with  the  other  branch  of  the  church,  were  afterwards 
omitted.  The  number  of  churches  reported  in  1871  was  119;  and  about 
$100,000  was  raised  for  their  support,  and  for  the  work  of  ;   " 


Kev.  William  L.  McCalla  was,  in  some  respects,  one  of  the  most  eccentric 
and  talented  men  in  the  Presbyterian  ministry  in  Kentucky.  Licensed  to 
preach  in  1814,  he  was  settled  a  few  years  afterwards  at  Maysville,  then  at 
Philadelphia;  next  became  a  chaplain  in  the  Texan  navy  about  1842;  re- 
turninj:  a;:ain  to  Philadelphia.  He  held  public  debates  with  Alexander  Camp- 
bell, with  the  Christ-ians  of  Milford,  the  Koman  Catholics,  and  the  New  School 
Presbyterians.     He  was  every  way  remarkable  as  a  polemic. 

The  Rev.  Robert  Stuart  came  to  Kentucky  in  1798.  In  Dectmber  of  tho 
same  year,  he  was  appointed  Pmfessor  of  Languages  in  Transylvania  University, 
but  resigned  in  the  year  following.  During  the  year  1803,  he  preached  to  the 
church  of  Salem;  and  in  1804,  look  charge  of  Walnut  Hill  church,  about  six 
miles  east  of  Lexington,  which  he  continued  to  retain  for  nearly  forty  years.  He 
had  performed  much  laborious  service  in  the  church,  was  a  man  of  rare  pru- 
dence and  discretion — and  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him,  as  "  an  Israelite 
indeed," 

Rev.  John  Howe,  a  younser  brother  of  Rev.  Joseph  P.  Howe,  was  installed 
pastor  of  Beaver  Creek  and  Little  Barren  churches  in  April,  1798.  Early  in  1805 
he  removed  to  Greensburs,  Ureen  county,  became  pastor  of  the  church  there. 
and  also  taught  a  school  in  a  jury-room  of  the  new  courthouse,  of  which  the 
use  was  granted  him  by  a  special  order  of  the  county  court.  He  subsequently 
moved  back  to  his  former  charges  in  Barren  county,  but  in  1812  returned  to 
the  Greensburg  church,  and  continued  its  pastor  until  the  fall  of  1845.  Dur- 
ing most  of  this  time  he  had  charge  of  two  additional  churches.  Bethel  and 
Ebenezer,  and  also  of  the  New  Athens  Seminary  in  Greensburg.  His  great 
reputation  as  a  classical  sclwlar  and  successful  teacher  kept  his  school  full  of 
young  men  of  promise.  Many  of  his  pupils  in  after  life  attained  distinction, 
among  whom  were  Asher  W.  Graham  and  Wm.  V.  Loving,  of  Bowling-Green, 
Andrew  Barnett  of  Greensburg,  and  Richard  A.  Buckner,  Jr.,  of  Lexington, 
all  circuit  judges;  Henry  Grider  and  Aylett  Buckner,  members  of  Congress; 
Rev.  John  Howe  Brown,  D.D.,  successively  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
at  Richmond,  the  McChord  church  at  Lexington,  the  1st  church  at  Springfield, 
Illinois,  and  now  of  the  26th  street  church  at  Chicago;  Rev.  Richard  Howe 
Allen,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Pine  street  church,  Philadelphia;  Col.  Wm.  T. 
Willis,  who  was  killed  at  Buena  Vista;  Dr.  John  Rowan  Allen,  formerly 
superintendent  of  the  lunatic  asylum  at  Lexington,  and  now  of  Memphis,  Ten 
nessee;  and  Judge  Burr  H.  Emerson,  of  Missouri.  As  a  minister,  his  ser- 
mons were  plain,  practical,  and  convincing— earnest,  without  pathos.  He  sel- 
dom, or  never,  wrote  a  sermon,  except  a  few  on  funeral  occasions,  which  were 
published.  In  stature,  be  was  about  five  feet  ten  inches,  active,  erect,  and 
rather  corpulent.  Born  in  North  Carolina,  December  31,  1769;  he  came  to 
Kentucky  in  1794,  and  removed  to  Missouri  in  1845.  where  he  spent  his  declin- 
ing years  among  his  children  in  Pettus  county.  He  died  in  1857,  aged  eighty- 
eight  years. 

Rev.  Nathan  H.  Hall,  D.D.,  was  the  son  of  a  Baptist  minister.  Rev.  Ran 
dall  Hall,  and  was  born  in  1783,  in  Franklin  county,  Virginia;  emigrated  to 
Garrard  county,  Ky.,  in  1799;  was  converted  in  the  great  revival  of  1801; 
and  placed  himself  iinder  the  teachings  of  Joshua  L.  Wilson,  D.D.,  afterwards 
of  Cincinnati,  and  of  Thomas  Cleland,  D.D  ,  with  whom  he  studied  theology. 
In  1805  he  was  licensed,  and  in  1807  ordained  and  installed  over  the  churches 
of  Springfield,  Hardin's  creek,  and  Lebanon,  where  he  labored  fifteen  years; 
in  1822  became  pastor  of  the  1st  Presbyterian  church  at  Lexington,  for  twen- 
■  ty-five  _years;  spent  two  j'cars  as  an  evangelist;  in  1845  was  moderator  of  the 
synod  of  Kentucky;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1849,  and  preached  the  ensuing 
winter  in  the  Central  church,  St.  Louis;  in  1851  was  installed  over  the  Pres- 


THE   PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH.  475 

byterian  church  at  Columbia,  anil  continued  to  labor  there  until  his  death, 
June  22,  1858.  He  was  distinguished  as  a  revival  preacher;  his  appeals  to  the 
heart  and  conscience  were  remarkably  tender  and  touchinj;;  his  labors  in 
protracted  meetings,  many  and  highly  blessed  of  God.  It  has  fallen  to  the  lot 
of  few  ministers  to  reap  such  rich  harvests  of  converted  souls,  of  whom  not  a 
few  are  bright  and  shining  lights  in  the  church  of  God. 

Rev.  John  Todd  Edgar,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Sussex  county,  Delaware,  April 
13,  1792,  and  died  of  apoplexy,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  .Xoveniber  13,  1860.  His 
father  was  a  farmer,  and  in  1795  removed  with  his  family  to  Kentucky,  set- 
tling in  Scott  county.  True  to  the  Scotch-Irish  characteristic  of  his  ancestry, 
he  received  the  best  education  that  could  be  obtained  in  his  adopted  State; 
pursuing  his  studies  successively  with  Kev.  John  Tull,  Uev.  John  T.  Lyle, 
and  at  Transylvania  University,  and  his  theological  course  at  Princeton  Sem- 
inary. In  1817  he  was  ordained  by  Ebenezer  Presbytery  as  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Flemingsburg,  thence  became  pastor  in  1823  at  Maysville,  in  1827 
at  Frankfort,  and  in  1833  at  Nashville  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  From 
the  first  he  took  high  rank  for  earnestness  and  eloquence,  and  was  a  fine 
specimen  of  a  courtly  Christian  gentleman — attracting  all  classes  by  his  gen- 
ial, winning,  and  catholic  manners.  Henry  Clay  said  of  him,  "If  you  want 
to  hear  eloquence,  listen  to  the  young  Presbyterian  preacher  at  Frankfort, 
named  John  Todd  Edgar."  He  was  moderator  of  the  synod  of  Kentucky  in 
1831,  and  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1842;  steadily  refused  a  professorship 
in  the  theological  seminary  at  Danville;  and  for  awhile  was  editor  of  The 
American  Preshyterian  newspaper  at  Nashville.  He  was  twice  married ;  in 
1816  to  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Dr.  Andrew  Todd,  one  of  the  early  settlers 
in  Kentucky;  they  had  a  number  of  children,  one  of  whom  died  in  1845 
while  a  student  for  the  ministry  at  Princeton.  His  second  wife,  a  daughter 
of  John  Morris,  of  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  and  the  widow  of  the  late  Robert  Crit- 
tenden, was  still  living  in  1874. 

Rev.  John  Clarke  Young,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Greencastle,  Pennsylvania, 
August  12,  1803 — after  the  death  of  his  father.  Rev.  John  Young,  pastor  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  of  that  place.  He  received  a  liberal  education, 
spending  four  years  in  a  classical  schgol  in  New  York  city,  three  years 
in  Columbia  college  in  that  city,  and  graduating  with  the  honors  of  his 
class,  in  1823,  at  Dickinson  college,  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  when  that 
college  was  under  the  presidency  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  John  M.  Mason. 
He  was  the  subject  of  strong  religious  impressions  in  early  youth,  and 
chose  the  ministry  as  his  life-work  long  before  his  public  reception  to  the 
church  in  his  eighteenth  year.  In  1824  he  began  at  Princeton  seminary  his 
theological  course,  of  four  terms,  and  was  licensed  in  1828.  So  successful  and 
full  of  promise  were  his  earliest  efforts  that  more  than  one  important  opening 
eagerly  sought  him.  For  two  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  McChord  church  in 
Lexington,  just  left  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Dr.  John  Breckinridge.  In 
18.30  he  accepted  the  presidency  of  Center  college  at  Danville— the  institution 
established  by  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Kentucky  for  the  education  of  her 
sons  for  the"  ministry  or  for  the  business  of  life.  The  double  duty,  of  this 
presidency  and  of  the  pastorate  or  co-pastorate  of  the  church  in  Danville,  he 
continued  faithfully  to  discharge,  for  nearly  twenty-seven  years,  until  bis 
death,  June  23,  1857.  Few  men  have  ever  been  so  beloved  or  so  blessed  in 
either  relation.  The  number  of  students  when  he  began  was  only  33  in  all; 
when  he  died  there  were  187  students  in  college  pi-oper,  and  about  65  in  the 
preparatory  or  grammar  school;  there  were  6  graduates  in  1830,  33  in  1846, 
34  in  1848,  31  in  1854,  and  47  in  1857.  Dr.  Young  was  twice  moderator  of 
the  synod  of  Kentucky,  in  1832  and  1841 — an  honor  never  repeated  but  in 
two  other  cases;  and  moderator  of  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly  (O.  S.) 
in  1853.  A  few  newspaper  articles,  half  a  dozen  literary  addresses  and  tem- 
perance speeches,  an  address  in  1832  before  the  Kentucky  Colonization  Soci- 
ety, another  in  1853  at  the  inauguration  of  the  first  professor  of  Danville  the- 
ological seminary,  another  to  Kentucky  Presbyterians  on  the  instruction  and 
emancipation  of  their  slaves,  a  few  sermons,  the  opening  sermon  before   the 


470  HISTORICAL  SKETCH   OF 

General  Assembly  at  Buffalo,  1854,  and  a  tract  on  the  efficacy  of  prayer,  pp. 
63,  published  after  his  death,  comprise  his  published  writings.  His  forte  was 
as  a  spealcer  or  preacher;  without  notes,  except  merely  skeleton,  and  abound- 
ing in  illustrations,  fresh,  original,  striking  The  matter  of  his  sermons  was 
never  common-place,  always  good,  and  rising  at  times  to  the  most  eloquent 
and  convincing.  The  power,  tenderness,  fascination  of  his  appeals  to  the 
heart  and  conscience  will  never  be  forgotten.  While  there  was  much  about 
him  that  was  remarkable,  he  was  an  eminently  useful  man,  fomliining  the 
great  and  the  good  to  a  wonderful  extent  Dr.  Youii^  was  twice  married; 
about  1829  to  Frances  Breckinridge,  daui^hter  of  Hon.  Joseph  Cabell  Breck- 
inridge and  sister  of  Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge,  who  left  four  daughters,  all 
living  in  1873;  in  1841  he  maraied  Cornelia  Crittenden,  daughter  of  Hon. 
John  J.  Crittenden,  by  whom  he  had  six  children. 


Rev.  John  Thomson,  born  near  Chambersburg,  Pennsylvania,  November 
11,  1772,  was  the  son  of  an  Irish  Presbyterian  elder,  who  brought  his  family, 
in  1793,  to  Kentucky;  pursued  his  studies  at  the  Kentucky  academy  in  Lex- 
ington; studied  theology  privately  under  Rev.  James  Blythe,  D.  D. ;  was  li- 
censed in  1799  by  Transylvania  Presbytery,  and  in  1801  ordained  by  Wash- 
ington Presbytery,  at  Springdale,  Ohio ;  was  a  pioneer  missionary  in  South- 
western Ohio,  and  an  earnest  revival  preacher;  strayed  off  into  Xew  Lightism, 
but  its  errors  and  extravagancies  developed  so  fast  that  Mr.  Thomson  left 
them  and  returned,  in  1811,  to  the  Presbyterian  church;  lie  was  pastor  of  the 
Glendale  church  from  1801  to  1833,  when  he  removed  to  Indiana  and  labored 
as  an  evangelist  while  his  strength  lasted.  He  was  an  eloquent  and  successful 
minister  for  nearly  half  a  century ;  after  1838,  in  connection  with  the  New 
School.  He  married  Miss  Nancy  Steel,  of  Lexington,  Kentucky,  and  had  eight 
children.  Of  his  seven  sons,  four  became  ministers,  viz. :  Rev.  James  Thom- 
son, for  many  years  pastor  at  Crawfordsville,  Indiana,  and  for  more  than 
eleven  years  (to  1871)  at  Mankato,  Minnesota;  Rev.  John  Thomson,  professor 
in  Wabash  college,  Crawfordsville,  Indiana,  where  he  died  in  1842;  Rev.  Wm. 
M.  Thomson,  U.D.,  for  thirty-six  j-ears,  and  still  in  1871,  a  missionary  of  the 
American  Board  at  Beirut,  Syria,  and  author  of  "The  Land  and  the  Book;" 
and  Rev.  Samuel  Steel  Thomson,  for  many  years  professor  of  Wabash  college, 
Indiana.  A  fifth  son,  Alexander  Thomson,  was  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Craw- 
fordsville church,  and  at  his  house  his  father  died,  of  paralysis,  February  15, 
1859,  in  his  87th  year. 

Rev.  Jajies  Kerr  Bdrch  was  born  in  Albemarle  county,  Vii-ginia,  August 
2,  1785;  graduated  at  Washington  college,  Lexington,  Virginia,  and  studied 
theology  privately;  was  licensed  and  ordained  in  1807  by  Orange  Presbytery, 
and  preached  for  several  years  in  Newbern  and  W^ashington,  North  Carolina; 
was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly,  which  met  at  Philadel- 
phia, in  1809,  where  his  preaching  was  so  popular  and  made  such  an  impres- 
sion that  he  was  called  in  1810  to  preach  for  a  Reformed  Dutch  congregation 
in  Philadelphia:  as  they  were  unwilling  to  unite  with  the  Presbyterian 
church,  he  left  them  and  took  charge  of  a  colony  organized  as  the  Fifth  Pres- 
byterian church,  in  Locust  street,  where  he  labored  until  1821;  thence  he 
came  to  Kentucky,  preaching  at  Fleniingsburg,  Lexington,  and  Georgetown,  for 
some  time  at  each  place;  resided  at  Danville  for  several  years,  and  was  con- 
nected with  a  young  ladies'  seminary;  while  there  was  elected  by  the  svnod 
of  Kentucky  as  professor  of  theology,  in  the  theological  department  of  Centre 
college,  in  1829,  which  important  trust  he  filled  for  one  year;  enjoyed  the  sin- 
gular popularity  of  serving  three  times,  in  1823,  1827,  and  1837,  as  moderator 
of  the  synod  of  Kentucky — an  honor  in  seventy  years  never  accorded  more 
than  once  to  any  of  the  distinguished  ministers  of  the  state,  except  to  Dr. 
James  Blythe  three  times,  and  to  Dr.  John  C.  Young  twice.  His  ministry 
extended  over  half  a  century;  he  was  very  fond  of  preaching,  and  during  the 
latter  years  of  his  life,  preached  in  destitute  neighborhoods  some  forty  miles 
south-west  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  although  still  holding  his  connection  with 
Transylvania  Presbytery.     He  died  of  inflammation  of  the  stomach,  July  28, 


THE   PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH.  477 

1858,  aged  73,  at  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law,  Rev.  Xathan  L.  Rice,  D.D., 
in  Chicago,  Illinois. 

Rev.  Robert  Jefferson  Breckinridge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  born  March  8,  1800, 
at  Cabell's  Dale,  Fayette  county,  Kentucky;  died  at  Danville,  Kentucky,  De- 
cember 27,  1871;  was  the  seventh  child  and  fourth  son  of  Hon.  John  Breck- 
inridge and  Mary  Hopkins  Cabell,  and  connected,  through  his  grandmother 
Letitia  Preston  Breckinridge,  with  the  Prestons  of  Virginia,  Kentucky,  and 
South  Carolina,  and  with  the  Marshalls,  Browns,  and  other  distinguished  fami- 
lies of  Kentucky.  His  Protestant  lineage  was  unbroken  from  the  days  of  the 
Reformation,  and  his  ancestors  took  part  in  the  memorable  defense  of  London- 
derry, in  the  seventeenth  century.  He  was  educated  in  Kentucky,  until  six- 
teen, under  Dominie  Thompson,  Wilson,  Kean  O'Hara.  and  Brock,  well-known 
and  successful  teachers.  He  spent  two  years  at  Nassau  Hall,  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  one  winter  at  Yale  college,  and  graduated  in  1819,  at  Union  college, 
Schenectady,  New  York.  In  1824  he  commenced  the  practice  of  law,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  politics — being  elected,  in  1825,  on  the  Old  Court  ' 
ticket,  a  representative  from  Fayette  county  in  the  Kentucky  Legislature,  and 
reelected  in  1826,  '27,  and  '28.  After  this  he  had  a  spell  of  sickness  of  great 
length  and  severity^-during  which  his  religious  impressions  were  deepened 
and  a  change  of  life  resolved  on.  He  retired  from  politics,  and  joined  the  Pres- 
byterian church  ;  shortly  after  was  elected  a  ruling  elder  of  Mt.  Horeb  church, 
near  his  Breadalhane  farm,  and  as  such  was  a  commissioner  from  West  Lex- 
ington Presbytery  in  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  which 
met  in  Cincinnati,  in  1831.  In  1832  he  was  licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel, 
and  removed  with  his  family  to  Princeton,  to  pursue  his  theological  studies  in 
the  seminary.  While  still  a  student  there  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Second 
Presbyterian  church,  in  Baltimore,  late  the  pastorate  of  his  distinguished 
brother.  Dr.  John  Breckinridge.  For  thirteen  years  he  occupied  that  pulpit, 
and  made  a  national  reputation  as  a  controversialist  of  the  highest  ability. 
His  controversy  with  the  Roman  Catholics  was  so  violent  and"  heated  that 
great  fears  were  entertained  of  personal  violence,  but  that  did  not  moderate 
his  earnestness  or  vehemence.  He  attacked  the  Universalists  also,  and  was 
a  decided  advocate  of  the  temperance  or  total  abstinence  cause.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  celebrated  "Act  and  Testimony,"  June  19,  1834,  the  bold  and 
determined  spirit  and  strength  of  which,  followed  up  by  energetic  speaking  in 
the  General  Assembly,  and  out  of  it  by  frequent  and  vigorous  writing,  threw 
him  in  the  front  rank  of  the  leading  Old  School  Presbyterians  in  the  exciting 
controversy  with  the  New  School  which  ended  in  the  rupture  of  1837.  He 
was  the  last  survivor  of  the  great  leaders  of  that  side,  at  that  day ;  and  singu- 
larly enough,  in  1866-7,  thirty-two  years  after,  was  the  severest  "as  he  was  the 
ablest  denouncer  of  the  ''Declaration  and  Testimony,"  of  which  Rev.  Dr.  Sam- 
uel R.  Wilson,  of  Louisville,  was  the  author,  and  which  was  one  of  the  noblest 
defenses  of  true  Presbyterianism,  and  of  the  crown  rights  of  the  Head  of  the 
Church  ever  penned. 

In  1836,  for  his  own  health  and  that  of  his  wife,  he  visited  Europe  and  spent 
a  year — engaging  at  Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  an  exciting  public  discussion  with 
the  infidel  abolitionist,  George  Thompson,  and  also  writing  a  letter  upon  the 
slavery  question  to  the  celebrated  Presbyterian  minister.  Dr.  Wardlaw.  In 
1845  he  accepted  the  presidency  of  Jefferson  college,  Cannonsburg,  Pa. ;  but 
resigned,  in  1847,  to  become  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.  Soon  after.  Gov.  Owsley  appointed  him  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction — an  open  door  to  distinguished  and  lasting  usefulness  from 
which  he  could  not  turn  away.  Gov.  Crittenden  re-appointed  him,  and  thft 
people,  by  election  in  Aug.,  1851,  extended  his  term  to  1853.  His  labors 
were  almost  incredible,  and  their  results  wonderful ;  he  was  the  founder  of 
our  really  beneficent  system  of  public  education. 

In  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly  of  1853,  the  Kentucky  commission- 
ers—realizing the  power  for  good  of  a  great  theological  seminary  for  the  west, 
in  their  midst — ofi'ered  to  endow  three  chairs,  donate  ten  acres  of  ground  for 
a  site,  and  obtain  vahialile  charters  for  the  control  of  its  property  and  funds. 
The  Assembly,  accordingly,  located  the  seminary  at  Danville,  and  filled   the 


478  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF 

four  chairs— electing  Dr.  Breckinridge  to  tliat  of  exegetic,  didactic,  and  po- 
lemic theology,  which  position  he  held  until  about  two  years  before  his  death; 
besides  this  he  managed  its  finances  or  endowment  funds  with  singular  ability 
and  success. 

For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  after  the  famous  "  Old  and  New  Court  " 
times — -of  which  Dr.  Breckinridge  was  no  uninterested  or  silent  observer — 
Kentucky  knew  no  such  agitation  as  that  of  1849.  Delegates  were  to  be 
chosen  to  a  convention  to  revise  the  old  or  form  a  new  constitution.  A  rest- 
less.public  clamored  for  change.  If  other  formidable  issues  interested,  the 
slavery  question  fairly  convulsed,  the  people.  The  political  wisdom  of  the 
state  was  invoked.  Its  time-honored  institutions  were  in  danger.  In  Fayette 
county  the  friends  of  gradual-emancipation  resolved  to  stand  or  fall  by  their 
i^ogma.  They  nominated  Dr.  Breckinridge  as  one  of  their  candidates.  He 
consented,  but  with  reluctance ;  took  the  stump ;  made  one  of  the  ablest, 
most  exciting,  and  most  stormy  canvasses  ever  known ;  was  beaten  by  a 
small  majority.  His  party  friends — though  limited  in  numbers,  yet  great  in 
intellectual  prowess — were  signally  defeated  all  over  the  state  ;  electing,  out 
of  the  one  hundred,  a  solitary  representative  of  their  principles  and  faith. 
Dr.  B.  believed  that  the  highest  economy  and  the  noblest  humanity  favored 
the  emancipation  of  the  slaves;  not  suddenly  and  by  violence,  or  as  the  war 
policy  which  he  afterward  advocated  or  justified — but  gradually  and  guard- 
edly ;  with  some  opportunity  for  education  and  business  training  and  husband- 
ing of  wages,  to  prepare  them  for  advantageous  colonization  in  the  new  re- 
public of  Liberia,  the  home  of  African  freedom.  He  was  never  an  anti- 
slavery  man,  as  the  word  was  generally  understood — as  his  two  unanswerable 
letters  to  Charles  Sumner  and  Wm.  11.  Seward,  in  1855,  and  before,  bear  great 
and  noble  evidence. 

In  1861,  and  throughout  the  civil  war,  the  same  unwavering  and  determined 
faith  in  himself  and  in  the  justice  of  his  cause — which  characterized  him  in 
the  courts  and  councils  of  the  church,  from  1831  onward  to  within  a  year  of 
his  death— found  gradual  development,  and  then  full  and  vigorous  sway.  He 
was  a  "Union"  man,  decidedly,  from  the  beginning  of  the  contest  to  its  close; 
but  more  actively  and  intensely  so  than  his  writings  in  1861-2  gave  earnest 
of — sustaining  many  of  even  the  most  extreme  war  measures  in  Kentucky,  where 
his  influence  with  the  military  authorities,  as  also  with  the  administration  at. 
Washington,  was  commanding  if  not  controlling.  He  was  one  of  the  giants 
of  the  intellectual  and  religious  world,  and  the  power  of  the  government  was 
strengthened  by  his  cooperation  and  support.  He  encouraged  the  Church  to 
make  deliverances  on  "the  statp  of  the  country,"  in  which  it  left  its  true, 
sphere  to  intermeddle  with  things  civil.  In  1860  the  measure  of  his  fame  was 
full — as  a  statesman,  as  a  writer,  as  a  preacher  of  the  gospel,  as  a  theologian. 
His  subsequent  course,  during  the  war,  while  it  gained  him  many  new  friends, . 
lost  him  tlie  confidence  and  regard  of  many  ot  his  oldest  and  best  friends ; 
more  than  one  of  whom  observed  of  him  that  he  resembled  the  Apostle  Peter, 
not  merely  in  boldness,  but  even  more  in  requiring  great  and  distinguishing, 
grace.  He  was  irregular  and  sometimes  strangely  inconsistent  within  the 
period  of  a  few  years,  in  his  views  and  feelings.  In  a  company  of  gentlemen, 
of  whom  the  author  of  this  was  one,  in  the  evening  of  October  11,  1861,  and 
again  the  next  day  in  a  speech  in  the  synod  of  Kentucky  at  Harrodsburg,  ho 
remarked,  playfully  but  emphatically,  that  "the  unkindest  and  the  unfairest 
thing  in  the  world  to  him  was  to  quote  him  on  himself — to  hold  him  responsible 
for  views  and  sentiments  he  had  uttered  or  written  years  before;  he  held 
himself  responsible  for  his  present  expressions,  not  for  his  past  utterances." 
Firmly  and  consistently  he  opposed,  to  the  day  of  his  death,  the  reunion  of 
the  Old  School  and  New  School  Presbyterian  churches;  never  consenting  to 
"go  back"  upon,  or  acknowledge  as  wrong,  the  Old  School  action  in  which  he, 
took  so  prominent  a  part  in  1834-38.  During  the  last  year  of  his  life  he  was, 
as  to  church  matters,  literally  "retired" — more  the  result  of  ill-health  than 
of  any  unwillingness  or  indisposition  to  handle  matters  with  his  accustomed 
po.sitiveness. 

Dr.  Breckinridge  was  in  many  respects  an  extraordinary  man.  His  fam- 
ily— ancestry   and    cotemporary — is    remarkable    for    many  great   qualities, 


THE   PRESBYTEEIAN   CHURCH.  479 

genius,  education,  culture,  eloquence,  energy,  will,  popularity,  prominence, 
success.  In  all  these  Dr.  Breckinridge  excelled;  he  was  the  giant  of  his 
family:  but  at  the  same  time  the  most  impulsive  of  them  all.  In  oral  discus- 
sion, his  very  excitability  and  irritability  often  put  him  at  a  disadvantage;  in 
written  controversy,  he  had  time  to  be  cool,  and  was  alyvays  powerful.  In 
social  conversation  few  men,  living  or  dead,  were  so  genial,  versatile,  lively, 
entertaining,  or  instructive.  His  published  writings— newspaper,  magazine, 
and  review  articles,  travels,  controversies,  and  theological  works — if  collected, 
would  probably  fill  twenty  octavo  volumes.  The  "Act  and  Testimony"  first 
made  him  fiimous  as  a  writer.  In  183o,  conjointly  with  another  he  founded 
and  edited  the  "Baltimore  Religious  and  Literary  Magazine,"  andseven years 
later  its  successor,  "The  Spirit  of  the  XlXth  Century."  In  1839  was  published 
in  book  form  part  of  his  letters  from  Europe,  and  in  1844  the  whole — as 
"  Memoranda  of  Foreign  Travel"  in  1836-7.  The  "  Danville  Review,"  in  1861- 
64  contains  many  able  and  brilliant  articles  from  his  pen — too  often  the  reflex 
of  his  ardent  temperament  in  those  stormy  times.  In  authorship,  what  he 
regarded  as  the  great  work  of  his  life,  and  upon  which  he  seemed  to  rest  his 
hopes  of  enduring  fiime,  was  his  theology ;  of  which  two  volumes,  "  The 
Knowledge  of  God,  Objectively  Considered,"  and  "The  Knowledge  of  God, 
Subjectively  Considered,"  were  published  in  1857  and  1859,  while  the  third 
remains  in  quite  an  unfinished  condition. 

It  was  not  alone  in  conversation  that  Dr.  Breckinridge  was  versatile.  He 
was  great  and  brilliant  in  many  departments  of  human  learning  and  expe- 
rience. "  His  elaborate  defense  of  the  constitutional  rights  of  the  South  and  of 
slavery,  in  a  couple  of  letters,  to  Charles  Sumner  and  to  Wm.  H.  Seward,  in 
1855,  was  a  magnificent  vindication  of  a  wronged  and  outraged  people,  and 
attracted  universal  attention.  And,  it  is  remembered  of  him,  that  in  1857,  he 
■won  the  prize  for  an  essay  on  "Improved  Modes  of  Agriculture,"  which  was 
awarded  without  knowledge  of  the  author's  name,  and  although  many  promi- 
nent agriculturalists  contested.  He  was  as  fond  of  farming  as  he  was  of  the- 
ological or  political  disputation,  and  knew  all  the  points  of  an  animal  as  thor- 
oughly as  the  most  experienced  stockbreeders.'' 

Dr.  Breckinridge  was  moderator  of  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly,  in 
1841,  and  of  the  synod  of  Kentucky  in  1849.  He  was  distinguished  as  an 
ecclesiastic,  and  very  active  and  attentive  usually  in  all  the  church  courts. 
He  was  a  member  of  fifteen  General  As.semblies— in  1831  and  1832  as  an 
elder,  and  as  a  minister  in  1837,  1838,  1841, 1842,  1846;  1850, 1853, 1854,  1857, 
1858,  1862,  1867,  and  1868;  and,  besides  these,  attended  several  other  Assem- 
blies, especially  those  of  1844,.  1863,  1866,  and  1867,  and  by  outside  consulta- 
tions and  conference,  directed  or  helped  to  shape  their  policy  and  action.  In 
all  important  church  questions,  when  present,  he  was  foremost  in  the  discus- 
sions, always  a  power,  and  sometimes  the  controlling  spirit. 

Dr.  Breckinridge  was  married  three  times;  first,  on  March  11,  1823,  to  his 
relative,  MissSophonisba  Preston,  daughter  of  Gen.  Frank  Preston,  of  Abing- 
don, Virginia,  who  died  in  1844.  Of  their  children  six  survived  both  pa- 
rents— three  married  daughters,and  three  sons,  Col.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  Jr., 
a.nd  Col.  Wm.  C.  P.  Breckinridge  (both  officers  of  the  Confederate  army  dur- 
ing the  civil  war,  the  former  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress  in  1863-4, 
and  since  the  war  both  distinguished  lawyers),  and  Maj.  Joseph  C.  Breckin- 
ridge, an  officer  in  the  Union  army  during  the  war,  and  since  then  in  the  reg- 
ular army.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Virginia  Shelby,  widow  of  Alfred  Shel- 
by, and  daughter-in-law  of  Gov.  Isaac  Shelby — one  of  the  most  elegant  and 
queenly  ladies  who  ever  led  Kentucky  society;  one  son  survived  as  the  fruit 
of  this  marriage.  In  1868  he  married  Mrs.  Margaret  F.  White,  widow  of 
Wm.  White,  and  daughter  of  Gen.  John  Faulkner,  who  survived  him. 

Rev.  Nathan  L.  Rice,  D.D.,  was  born  December  29,  1807,  in  Garrard 
county,  Kentucky.  His  father,  a  farmer  in  moderate  circumstances  and  with 
a  large  family,  could  only  help  him  to  an  education  in  the  most  common 
branches,  and  to  one  year's  teaching  under  that  great  teacher,  Joshua  Fry, 
during  which  he  studied  Latin.  In  his  17th  year  he  taught  school,  and. thus 
pised  means  to  enter  Centre  college,  Danville,  in  1824-25.     At  the  end  of 


480  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF 

eight  months  lie  was  appiiinted  teacher  of  the  preparatory  department,  hold- 
ing that  position  for  four  years  and  pursuing  his  studies  as  he  could,  with  very 
infirm  health,  as  the  result  of  overtaxing  himself 

During  the  great  revival  of  1826  he  made  a  profession  of  religion,  in  the 
Presbyterian  church ;  studied  theology  with  Rev,  Gideon  Blackburn,  D.D., 
then  president  of  the  college;  and  in  1828  was  licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel, 
and  ordained  in  1833.  Shortly  after  uniting  with  the  church  he  began,  in 
conjunction  with  Greenbury  D.  Murphy,  to  hold  meetings  for  prayer  and 
exhortation,  in  his  father's  neighborhood.  The  feeble  church  was  greatly 
strengthened,  built  a  comfortable  house  of  worship,  and  was  Mr.  Rice  s  first 
sharge,  for  a  year  after  licensure.  In  1829  he  entered  Princeton  seminary  to 
extend  his  course  of  theological  study — returning,  in  the  spring  of  1832,  to 
Kentucky.  He  had  preached  quite  regularly,  while  in  the  seminary,  and  de- 
clined an  invitation  to  settle  in  Philadelphia— preferring  the  unanimous  call 
from  the  Bardstown  church,  where  his  pastorate  continued  for  nine  years. 
Thence,  in  1841,  he  went  to  Paris,  Kentucky,  as  pastor  for  three  years,  preach- 
ing part  of  the  time  in  Woodford  county.  Indeed,  during  these  twelve  years, 
he  preached  in  almost  every  part  of  the  state,  laboring  in  many  powerful 
revivals. 

In  July,  1844,  he  removed  to  Cincinnati  and  took  charge  of  the  Central 
Presbyterian  church — which  had  been  organized  with  only  thirty-three  mem- 
bers, with  a  view  to  his  becoming  its  pastor — and  began  his  labors  in  an  old 
Methodist  church,  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Plum  streets,  known  as  "  Brim- 
stone Corner."  JThe  next  spring  a  house  of  worship  was  erected  on  Fifth 
street.  The  church  increased  rapidly,  and  soon  became  the  largest  in  num- 
bers and  most  efficient  Presbyterian  church  in  Cincinnati.  After  nine  years 
labor  here  he  accepted,  in  the  spring  of  1853,  a  call  to  the  Second  Presbyte- 
rian church  in  St.  Louis,  remaining  four  years  and  a  half;  his  pastorate  waa 
much  blessed,  the  large  edifice  being  filled  to  its  utmost  capacity,  and  the 
membership  greatly  increased. 

In  the  fall  of  1857,  at  the  urgent  solicitation  of  friends  who  believed  him  a 
chosen  instrument  for  strengthening,  in  Chicago,  the  interests  of  Old  School 
Presbyterianism,  then  in  a  feeble  condition,  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 
North  Presbyterian  church  there — a  small  church,  worshiping  in  a  small 
frame  house.  After  three  years  and  a  half  his  health  broke  down  so  com- 
pletely as  to  compel  a  change;  during  this  time  his  congregation  became 
large,  and  erected  a  new  and  handsome  church  edifice,  capable  of  seating  1000 
persons. 

The  death  of  Rev.  James  W.  Alexander,  D.D.,  made  a  vacancy  in  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Fifth  avenue  and  Nineteenth  street  Presbyterian  church  in  New 
York  city,  probably  the  most  influential  and  important  charge  in  the  whole 
church.  To  this  Dr.  Rice  was  called  in  the  spring  of  1861,  at  the  beginning 
of  the  Civil  War.  The  church  and  congregation  were  made  up  of  very  heter- 
ogeneous material — differing  widely  in  their  views  of  the  exciting  questions  of 
the  times.  The  field  was  a  trying  one;  and  efforts  were  made  more  than  once, 
by  outsiders,  to  disturb  the  peace  of  the  church.  The  position  was  the  more 
delicate  and  difficult,  because  Dr.  Rice  took  ground  in  opposition  to  the  action  of 
the  several  General  Assemblies  on  "the  state  of  the  countiy"  and  the  war.  He 
maintained  that  the  church  of  Christ  ought  not  to  be  identified  at  all  with  such 
a  war;  preaching  to  his  people  on  this  subject  three  sermons,  which  were  pub- 
lished. He  did  not  hesitate  to  declare  what  he  believed  to  be  the  whole  coun- 
sel of  God,  and,  as  a  result  of  the  faithful  preaching  of  the  word,  the  peace  of 
his  church  was  not  disturbed.  The  large  house  in  which  he  preached  was 
crowded  during  the  whole  period  of  his  ministry  there;  and  the  number  of 
members  in  the  church  became  greater  than  at  any  previous  time. 

But  his  struggles  when  a  young  man  to  get  an  education  and  to  overcome, 
by  severe  study  and  by  a  persistent  overtaxing  of  his  physical  powers  the  dis- 
advantages under  which  he  labored,  had  so  undermined  his  constitution  as  to 
forbid  too  long  continued  exertion  anywhere.  At  the  end  of  six  years  in 
New  York,  the  entire  failure  of  his  health  compelled  him  to  resign  his  pastoral 
charge  and  cease  almost  wholly  to  preach.  The  church  acquiesced  with  sin- 
cere reluctance,  adopting  strong  resolutions  of  sympathy,  confidence,  and  love, 


THE   PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH.  481 

and  giving  other  substantial  and  decisive  testimonials  of  their  appreciation  of 
his  labors ;  and  the  Young  Men's  Social  and  Benevolent  Society  of  the  church 
did  the  same  thing.  Dr.  Kice  retired  to  a  small  farm  in  New  Jersey ;  but, 
continuing  to  grow  worse,  was  persuaded,  in  the  winter  of  1S68,  to  go  to  St. 
Louis  and  place  himself  under  the  care  of  his  son-in-law,  Dr.  E.  S.  Lemoine — 
whose  skill  and  attention  were  rewarded  by  a  visible  and  steady  improvement 
in  the  health  of  his  patient.  Such  talents,  and  such  willingness  to  spend  and 
be  spent  in  the  service  of  Him  who  withholdeth  not,  could  not  long  be  per- 
mitted to  re.st.  Westminster  college,  at  Fulton,  Missouri,  had  been  exceed- 
ingly crippled  by  the  war,  and  had  lost  most  of  its  endowment.  Dr.  Kice  was 
urged  to  accept  its  presidency.  The  change  of  climate,  of  occupation,  and  of 
responsibility  proved  just  the  relief  he  needed;  and,  with  returning  health, 
he  was  permitted  to  see  the  work  of  the  Lord  again  prospering  in  his  hands. 
He  is  now  (January,  1874)  discharging  the  duties  of  president,  and  of  profes- 
sor of  theology,  and  is  preaching  twice  on  every  sabbath.  A  great  deal  has 
been  done,  during  five  years,  to  place  the  college  on  a  secure  basis;  much 
good  has  been  accomplished,  and  the  field  of  usefulness  is  steadily  extending. 

But  while  Dr.  Rice  was  thus  signally  blessed  and  popular  in  all  his  pastoral 
charges,  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  "occupy"  his  ten  talents.  For  more  than  twenty 
years  he  used  the  religious  press  as  an  handmaid  to  the  pastoral  work.  In  1836 
he  established  and  edited,  for  more  than  five  years,  at  Bardstown,  "The  West- 
ern Protestant,"  or  "The  Protestant  and  Herald"  (as  it  was  called  after  "The 
Presbyterian  Herald  "  of  Louisville  was  united  with  it,  and  Rev.  Wm.  L.  Breck- 
inridge, D.D.,  became  co-editor  for  twelve  months).  This  was  patronized  by 
the  different  Protestant  denominations,  and  was  extensively  useful.  During  a 
large  portion  of  his  pastorate  in  Cincinnati  he  edited  "The  Presbyterian  of  the 
West, '  either  alone  or  in  conjunction  with  its  publisher,  Mr.  John  D.  Thorpe — 
who  died  in  the  spring  of  1870,  after  a  long  life  of  infirm  health  and  suffering, 
and  yet  of  singular  usefulness  and  remarkable  labor — as  elder,  Sunday-school 
superintendent,  editor,  publisher,  bookseller,  agent  of  the  Young  Men's  Bible 
Society,  and  of  all  the  Boards  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  trustee  of  many 
special  trusts  for  religious  uses.  At  St.  Louis  Dr.  Rice  found  "  The  St.  Louis 
Presbyterian"  already  established,  and  was  its  editor  until  the  fall  of  1857. 
At  Chicago  he  published  for  two  years  a  monthly  periodical,  "The  Presbyte- 
rian Expositor;'  and  then,  in  del'erence  to  the  wishes  of  others,  but  contrary  to 
his  own  judgment,  changed  it  to  a  weekly,  and  continued  to  edit  it  until  his 
removal  to  lifew  York  in"  the  spring  of  1861. 

While  thus  engaged  in  regular  editorial  labor  his  pen  was  busy  in  the  more 
permanent  field  of  authorship.  During  his  residence  in  Cincinnati  three  of 
his  works  were  published:  "  Romanism  not  Christianity,"  "God  Sovereign  and 
Man  Free,"  and  "  Phrenology  and  Mesmerism,"  each  12mo.  While  in  Chicago 
he  delivered  three  discourses  on  slavery,  which  were  published;  and  in  New 
York  three  other  discourses  were  published,  viz. :  on  "The  Doctrine  of  Justifi- 
cation," "'The  History  of  the  Sabbath,"  and  "The  Relations  of  Science  and 
Revelation."     In  St.  Louis  he  published  two  small  works,  one  on  Baptism. 

When  Dr.  Rice  settled  at  Bardstown,  in  1832,  many  Protestants  were  edu- 
cating their  children  in  the  Roman  Catholic  college  and  nunneries  there  and 
in  the  vicinity.  He  saw  the  necessity  of  counteracting  this  influence,  and  so 
established  the  Bardstown  Female  academy,  under  the  control  of  the  Presby- 
tery of  Louisville — the  first  Protestant  female  institution  in  the  West  under 
ecclesiastical  control,  and  which  still  lives  and  has  been  greatly  useful.  He 
then  proclaimed  the  truth,  since  so  generally  recognized,  that  it  was  as  im- 
portant to  found  permanent  female  colleges  as  colleges  for  males.  About  the 
same  time  he  became  involved  in  controversy  with  the  Romish  clergy,  who 
commenced  publishing  a  weekly  paper  called  "The  Catholic  Advocate." 
Though  without  a  dollar  to  start  with.  Dr.  Rice  immediately  began  the  publi- 
cation of  "The  Western  Protestant,"  which  proved  self-sustaining.  In  this 
paper,  in  answer  to  inquiries  made  of  him  by  an  Eastern  religious  paper,  he 
published  the  facts  relative  to  the  case  of  Milly  McPherson,  a  nun  who  left 
the  nunnery  of  Calvary,  near  Lebanon,  of  which  she  was  an  inmate,  in  the 
fall  of  1831,  charging  the  presiding  priest  with  immoral  conduct;  and  who 
soon  after  disappeared  in  a  mysterious  manner.  The  president  of  St.  Joseph's 
I.. .31 


482  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF 

college,  as  agent  of  the  priest,  but  in  his  own  name,  sued  him  for  libel,  claim- 
ing §10,00(1  damages.  This  suit  was  pending  for  ten  months,  and  produced 
great  excitement  through  the  country.  The  array  of  counsel  on  both  sides 
■was  remarkable  for  legal  ability,  eloquence  and  shrewdness — Charles  A. 
Wicklitte,  John  J.  Crittenden,  Nathaniel  Wicklifle,  and  T.  P.  Lynthicum  for 
Dr.  Rice,  and  on  the  other  side.  Judge  John  Kowan,  Ben.  Hardin,  Ben.  Cha- 
peze,  and  Messrs.  Hite  and  Tucker.  The  trial  lasted  over  a  week.  The  jury 
gave  the  priest  one  cent  damages — and  nine  of  the  jurymen  published  a  card, 
saying  that  not  one  of  the  jury  was  in  favor  of  giving  damages  higher  than 
one  cent,  and  that  "under  all  the  circumstances,  but  for  the  instruction  of  the 
court,  they  would  have  been  compelled  to  find  a  verdict  for  the  defendant." 
The  missing  nun  has  never  been  heard  of.  The  testimony  was  taken  down, 
signed  by  the  judge,  and  in  1837  published  at  Louisville  in  book  form. 

The  field  in  which  Dr.  Kice  became  most  widely  known  is  that  of  contro- 
versy. In  the  years  1842-3  he  met  the  celebrated  Baptist  editor  and  contro- 
versialist, Rev.  John  L.  Waller,  D.D.,  in  public  debate  twice— once  at  Nicholas- 
ville,  which  was  an  accidental  meeting.  The  other  debate,  at  Georgetown  in 
the  summer  of  1843,  on  the  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism,  was  to  have  been 
published;  but  Dr.  Waller  was  delayed  in  writing  out  his  part  of  it  until  after 
the  more  celebrated  debate,  at  Lexington,  between  Dr.  Rice  and  Elder  Alex- 
ander Campbell,  of  Bethany,  Va.,  which  overshadowed,  if  it  did  not  destroy, 
all  interest  in  the  debate  with  Dr.  Waller. 

The  debate  with  Mr.  Campbell  was  brought  about  (without  any  agency  of 
Dr.  Rice)  by  an  agreement  between  Mr.  Campbell  and  Rev.  John  H.  Brown, 
D.D.,  then  of  Richmond,  Ky.  It  began  November  — ,  1843,  and  continued 
sixteen  days,  consuming  about  seventy  hours — the  great  statesman,  Henry 
Clay,  Chief  Justice  George  Robertson,  and  Hon.  John  Speed  Smith,  modera- 
tors. It  was  attended  throughout  by  very  large  and  highly  intelligent  audi- 
ences— many  persons  going  several  hundred  miles  to  hear  it.  The  subjects 
discussed  embraced  a  wide  range  of  theological  investigation.  No  debate  in 
the  country  ever  excited  so  great  interest,  or  was  attended  by  so  many  edu- 
cated or  distinguished  men.  Dr.  Rice  and  his  friends  were  more  than  satisfied 
with  the  expression  of  the  public  sentiment  at  the  time,  and  with  the  opinions 
expressed  by  editors  and  reviewers  after  the  debate  was  published  in  book  form. 

While  living  in  Cincinnati  Dr.  Rice  held  two  public  debates;  one  on 
slavery — specifically,  whether  slaveholding  is  in  itself  sinful — to  which  he 
was  challenged  by  Chief  .Justice  Salmon  P.  Chase  and  nine  other  gentlemen, 
and  who  selected  the  Rev.  Dr.  Blanchard  to  represent  them;  the  other  on 
Universalism,  with  Rev.  E.  JI.  Pingree.  Each  debate  continued  several  days, 
exciting  much  interest,  and  was  published  in  book  form. 

In  1845  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly  (Old  School)  met  in  Cincinnati. 
The  abolition  excitement  was  then  at  its  height;  and  as  one  result  a  number 
of  anti-slavery  petitions  were  sent  to  the  Assembly.  Dr.  Rice,  as  chairman  of 
the  committee  to  which  those  petitions  were  referred,  wrote  the  Report, 
which  was  almost  unanimously  adopted,  and  which  stamped  the  Assembly 
and  the  church  as  conservative,  and  terminated  the  agitation  of  the  slavery 
question  in  the  Presbyterian  church  until  the  late  civil  war.  In  1855  he  was 
chosen  moderator  of  the  General  Assembly,  which  met  that  year  at  Nashville, 
Tenn.  The  subject  of  slavery  was  introduced  by  the  visiting  delegates  from 
several  Congregation.al  bodies  in  the  East.  This  induced  Dr.  Rice  to  address 
to  those  delegates  "Ten  Letters  on  Slavery,"  which  were  published  in  pam- 
phlet form.  The  same  Assembly  appointed  him  the  visiting  delegate  to  the 
Consociation  of  Rhode  Island,  in  1856  ;  in  which  body  the  subject  of  slavery 
was  earnestly  discussed,  and  Dr.  Rice  had  the  honor  of  defending  the  doctrine 
and  the  position  of  the  Old  School  Presbyterian  church  on  that  subject.  The 
discussion  was  reported  for  the  "New  York  Observer,"  and  awakened  much 
interest. 

In  1845  the  venerable  Rev.  James  Hoge,  D.D.,  of  Columbus,  Ohio  (sineo 
deceased),  Dr.  Rice,  and  others,  took  steps  to  found  in  Cincinnati  a  theological 
seminary;  for  the  reason  that  the  Presbyterian  theological  seminary  then 
in  New  Albany,  Indiana,  was  likely  to  prove  a  failure,  or  to  be  used  for 
the   dissemination   of   abolitionist   doctrines.     Their  purpose  was  to  secure 


THE  PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH.  483 

a  permanent  seminary  at  Cincinnati;  or,  failing  in  that,  to  place  the  sem- 
inary for  the  West  in  the  hands  of  the  General  Assembly — in  which  last 
they  finally  succeeded.  Dr.  Rice  was  professor  of  theology  in  that  seminary 
for  two  years,  when  they  passed  it  into  the  hands  of  the  Assembly;  and  that 
body  shortly  after  established  the  Danville  theological  seminary.  Just  before 
his  removal  to  Chicago,  in  1857,  a  movement  was  made  to  establish  in  that  city 
a  Presbyterian  theological  seminary  under  abolitionist  auspices,  by  means  re- 
garded as  unfair.  Dr.  Rice  succeeded  in  arresting  that  movement,  and  in 
securing  the  seminary  in  Chicago  under  the  control  of  the  General  Assembly — 
his  personal  friend,  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  giving  $100,000  as  endowment. 
The  Assembly  chose  Dr.  Rice  the  professor  of  theology,  which  olBce  he  filled  for 
two  years,  when  his  health  failed.  We  have  already  mentioned  that,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  duties  of  president,  he  is  now  (January,  1872)  filling  the  chair  of 
theology,  in  Westminster  college,  Missouri. 

In  October,  1832,  Dr.  Rice  was  married  to  Miss  Catharine  P.  Burch,  eldest 
daughter  of  Rev.  James  K.  Burch,  then  of  Danville — to  whose  many  excellen- 
cies he  is  largely  indebted  for  the  singular  usefulness  of  his  life.  They  have 
had  seven  children,  four  daughters  (three  married)  and  three  sons  (one  died 
in  1846).     His  youngest  son  is  professor  of  English  literature  in  Westminster 


The  Rev.  Robert  Wilson  was  descended  from  ancestors  whom  persecution  had 
driven  from  the  north  of  Ireland  to  western  Virginia.  He  entered  Kentucky  as 
a  missionary  in  1798,  and  on  the  expiration  of  his  engagement,  married  and  set- 
tled in  Washington,  Mason  county,  where  he  remained  till  his  death,  October  31, 
I82'3,  in  the  fiftieth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  an  amiable  and  estimable  man, 
possessing  great  equanimity  of  temper,  and  remarkable  throughout  his  whole 
ministerial  career,  for  his  active,  humble  and  devoted  piety.  While  his  labors 
were  signally  blessed  among  his  own  flock,  it  was  through  his  unwearied  exertions 
that  the  churches  of  Augusta  and  Maysville  were  organized  ;  and  those  of  Smyrna 
and  Flemingsburg  owed  to  him  their  preservation  when  languishing  without  a 
pastor. 

The  Rev.  ,Tohn  Lvle  was  a  native  of  Rockbridge  county,  Va.  born  on  20th 
October,  1769.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  in  1795.  In  1797,  he  came 
to  Kentucky  as  a  missionary,  and  in  1800  took  charge  of  Salern  church,  where  he 
remained  for  several  years.  Mr.  Lyle  subsequently  removed  to  Paris,  where  he 
established  a  female  academy,  which  became  one  of  the  most  flourishing  in  the 
state,  embracing  from  150  to  900  pupils.  In  1809,  he  declined  teaching,  but  con- 
tinued in  the  active  discharge  of  his  ministerial  labors  until  1825,  on  the  22d  of 
July  of  which  year  he  departed  this  life.  He  bore  a  prominent  part  in  the  trying 
scenes  through  which  the  church  was  called  to  pass  during  the  early  period  of  his 
ministry.  He  was  a  man  of  sound  judgment  and  studious  habits;  his  manner, 
in  the  pulpit,  feeling  and  earnest,  and  his  matter  sensible.  As  an  evidence  of 
the  blessed  fruits  of  his  faithful,  earnest  and  affectionate  style  of  preaching,  on 
one  occasion,  at  Mount  Pleasant,  the  Rev.  William  L.  McCalla  noted  the  names 
of  thirty-three  persons  impressed  by  the  sermon,  thirty-one  of  whom  afterward 
became  respectable  members  of  the  church. 

In  the  year  1820,  died  the  Rev.  James  McChord.  He  was  liom  in  Baltimore 
in  1785,  and  removed  to  Lexington  when  five  years  of  age.  His  education  was 
liberaK  and  at  an  early  age  he  proceeded  to  read  law  with  the  Hon.  Henry  Clay. 
Becoming  pious,  he  devoted  his  life  to  the  ministry.  He  was  chosen  the  first 
pastor  of  the  second  Presbyterian  church  of  Lexington  in  1815,  which  situation 
he  held  till  the  year  1819,  when  he  removed  to  Paris.  His  published  writings 
were  considerable,  among  them  two  volumes  of  sermons.  Mr.  McChord  was  a 
remarkably  brilliant  man — possessing  a  rapid  and  comprehensive  intellect,  a 
glowing  and  gorgeous  style,  and  an  exuberant  imagination.  His  successors  in 
tbe  second  or  McChord  church,  were  able  and  eloquent  men — the  Rev.  John  Breck- 
inridge in  1823;  Rev.  John  C.  Young  in  1829;  Rev.  Robert  Davidson  in  1832: 
Rev.  John  D.  Matthews  in  1841  ;  and  Rev.  John  H.  Brown,  in  1844;  and  Key. 
Robert  G.  Brank  in  1852. 


484.  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  THE 

Rev.  Thomas  Cleland,  D.D  ,  an  able  and  useful  Presbyterian  minister  in 
Kentucky  for  fifty-five  years,  1803-58,  was  born  in  Fairfax  cc,  Va.,  May  22, 
1778,  and  died  in  Mercer  CO.,  Ky.,  on  Sabbath  evening,  Jan.  31,  1858,  in  his 
80th  year.  His  parents  removed  to  Maryland  in  1781,  and  in  the  fall  of  1789 
to  a  farm  in  Washington  CO.,  Ky.  His  education  was  quite  limited  until  he 
was  17;  then  under  James  Allen,  a  lawyer  and  clerk  of  the  court  at  Greeng- 
burtj,  and  in  1796,  at  Kentucky  Academy,  at  Pisgah,  Woodford  co.,  his  facil- 
ities were  excellent,  and  most  faithfully  improved ;  and  continued,  for  a  few 
months,  in  1799-1800,  at  Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  until  broken 
off  by  the  death  of  both  parents,  within  two  months  and  nine  days  of  each 
other.  At  24,  at  the  great  camp-meetinc;  at  Ci'.ne  Ridge,  in  June,  1801,  he 
exhorted  for  two  hours — several  persons  tracing  their  conversion  to  his  ap- 
peal ;  and  his  exhortation,  at  a  camp-meeting  at  Kite's  Spring,  near  Harrods- 
burg,  two  months  later,  was  similarly  blessed.  Circumstances  soon  led  him 
to  frequent  exhortations  and  conducting  of  meetings,  in  a  circuit  of  some 
miles  around  his  home;  and  at  the  time  of  his  marriage,  Oct.  22,  1801,  the 
Presbytery  of  Transylvania  being  in  session  in  the  New  Providence  church, 
that  body  pressed  upon  him  the  duty  of  entering  the  ministry — a  matter  he 
was  long  undecided  about.  He  was  Ijpensed,  at  Danville,  April  14,  1803, 
and  began  preaching  near  Springfield,  and  at  Hardin's  creek,  now  Lebanon; 
in  1813,  was  ordained  over  New  Providence  and  Cane  Run  (Harrodsburg) 
churches — continuing  to  preach  to  the  latter  for  26  and  to  the  former  for 
45  years.  During  these  ministrations,  he  received  to  the  latter  church  240 
and  to  the  former  about  700  members;  and  solemnized  712  marriages  (for 
Tchich  his  fees  were  $2,875J).  His  house  was  a  "  school  of  the  prophets," 
before  the  establishment  of  theological  seminaries — fifteen  young  men  in  all 
having  studied  theology,  from  six  months  to  two  years  each,  under  his  care. 
At  the  division  of  the  church  in  1838-40,  he  took  sides  and  continued  with 
ih  New  School.  His  principal  published  writings,  twenty  in  number,  were 
all  but  one  before  1837 — several  of  them  controversial  and  important.  His 
great  forte  was  in  the  pulpit,  where  he  had  extraordinary  control  over  the 
sympathetic  feelings  of  his  hearers;  and  although  he  preached  much  on 
doctrinal  subjects,  he  was  for  more  years  than  any  other  man  probably  the 
most  popular  Presbyterian  preacher  in  Kentucky.  Of  his  four  sons,  two, 
and  a  grandson,  are  Presbyterian  ministers. 

Rev,  Joshua  Lacet  Wilson,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  Sept.  22, 
1774;  brought  to  Kentucky  in  1781  ;  raised  to  the  trade  of  a  blacksmith, 
and  until  he  was  22,  had  no  education  except  what  his  mother  gave  him; 
sold  his  little  patrimony,  and  spent  the  proceeds  in  acquiring  an  education 
at  Kentucky  Academy,  at  Pisgah,  Woodford  co.  ;  taught  school  for  two  years 
at  Frankfort,  during  which  he  began  reading  law,  but  abandoned  it  for 
theology  ;  at  28  years  of  age,  was  licensed,  1802 ;  ordained  pastor  of  Bards- 
town  and  Big  Spring  churches,  1804;  sat  as  a  member  of  the  commission  of 
synod  in  the  Cumberland  diflaculties,  1805;  was  called  to  the  First  church, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1808,  where  he  remained  for  38  years,  until  his  death,  Aug. 
14,  1846,  in  his  72d  year.  During  a  portion  of  this  time,  he  taught  a  classi- 
cal school;  and  edited  the  Pandect,  and  the  Standard.  He  prosecuted  Rev. 
Dr.  Lyman  Beecher,  and  successfully,  for  heresy,  1835  ;  was  prominent  and 
active  in  several  controversies;  was  very  tall,  and  of  commanding  presence; 
always  impressive,  dignified,  and  weighty  as  a  speaker  ;  firm  and  unyielding 
for  the  truth;  a  power  in  the  church,  and  in  the  moral,  educational,  and 
social  growth  of  Cincinnati. 

His  son,  and  successor  in  the  pulpit  of  the  First  church,  Rev.  Samuel  R. 
Wilson,  U.D.,  is  now  (1873)  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  at 
Louisville — one  of  the  ablest  men  in  the  pulpit  and  one  of  the  greatest  in 
controversy,  in  the  state.  He  and  his  co-laborers  in  the  same  city,  Rev. 
Stuart  Robinson,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Edwakd  P.  Humphrey,  D.D.,  with  others, 
have  made  the  Presbyterian  pulpit  of  Louisville,  for  years  past,  by  far  the 
ablest  in  any  city  in  the  United  States,  New  York  possibly  excepted. 

[The  plan  and  limits  of  this  work  have  excluded,  with  one  exceptipn  (and 
he  a  non-resident),  extended  biographical  sketches  of  living  ministers.] 


ROMAN    CATHOLIC    CHURCH.  485 

The  Rev.  Gideon  Blackburn  was  one  of  the  most  eloquent  divines  of  the 
west;  and  his  early  history  presents  a  most  remarkable  instance  of  perseverance 
in  the  face  of  difficulties.  Left  an  orphan  and  penniless  when  about  eleven  years 
of  age  (being  defrauded  out  of  the  handsome  patrimony  of  twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars), a  kind  school-master  gave  him  instruction  gratuitously;  and  he  obtained  a 
situation  in  a  saw-mill,  where  he  tended  the  saw  from  dark  till  day-light,  study- 
ing by  a  fire  of  pine-knots.  In  this  way  he  earned  a  dollar  every  night,  and 
made  rapid  proficiency  in  his  studies.  Thus  he  struggled  on  till  ready  to  enter 
college.  To  defray  this  new  expense,  he  labored  as  a  surveyor  for  four  months  ; 
frequently  sleeping  in  a  cane-brake  to  avoid  the  Indians,  and  having  no  shelter 
from  the  rain  but  a  blanket.  He  received  for  his  pay  fourteen  horses,  valued  at 
forty  dollars  a-piece.  These  he  took  to  Maryland  and  sold  for  fifteen  hundred 
dollars  ;  with  which  he  discharged  all  his  debts,  and  went  through  Dickinson 
college.  Thus  early  enured  to  hardships,  he  was  admirably  fitted  for  the  arduous 
duties  of  a  missionary  to  the  Cherokee  Indians,  to  which  he  was  appointed  by 
the  general  assembly  in  1803,  when  31  years  of  age.  In  1827,  he  was  appointed 
President  of  Centre  College  at  Danville,  which  situation  he  filled  till  1830, 
when  he  Was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Young.  The  last  years  of  his  life 
were  spent  in  Illinois.     He  died  in  1838,  aged  66. 

The  Rev.  John  McFari.and  and  the  Rev.  David  Nelson  were  clergymen  of 
t  high  order  of  talent.  The  former  died,  while  pastor  of  the  Paris  church,  in 
1828 ;  the  latter  departed  this  life,  in  Illinois,  in  1S44. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH 

'  OF   THE 

EARLY  ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CHURCH,  IN  KENTUCKY; 

CATHOLIC  MISSIONARIES,   WHO 
IS  STATE. 


Thk  glowing  accounts  of  the  surpassing  beauty  and  fertility  of  Kentucky,  fur- 
nished by  the  early  pioneers  on  their  return  to  the  bosom  of  their  families  in 
North  Carolina  and  Virginia,  created  a  deep  sensation  throughout  the  western 
borders  of  these  states,  and  awakened  a  spirit  of  adventure,  which  soon  extended 
to  Maryland  and  other  adjoining  states.  Large  bodies  of  emigrants  began  to 
pour  into  the  newly  discovered  and  but  half  explored  wilderness,  inhabited  till 
then  only  by  wild  beasts  and  by  roving  bands  of  savages.  The  daring  spirit  of 
Boone,  Harrod  and  Logan  was  soon  communicated  to  large  masses  of  popula- 
tion; and  the  consequence  was,  that  in  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  from  its 
first  discovery  or  exploration,  Kentucky  had  a  sufficient  population  to  be  admitted 
as  one  of  the  independent  states  of  this  great  confederacy;  the  second  that  was 
added  to  the  venerable  thirteen,  which  had  fought  the  battles  of  independence. 

Maryland  shared  abundantly  in  the  enthusiasm  which  had  already  set  one- 
fourth  of  the  adjacent  populations  in  motion  towards  the  west.  The  Catholics 
who  settled  in  Kentucky,  came  principally  from  this  state,  which  had  been 
founded  by  Lord  Baltimore,  and  a  band  of  colonists  professing  the  Roman 
Catholic  religion.  Bold,  hardy,  adventurous  and  strongly  attached  to  their  faith, 
but  tolerant  towards  those  of  other  denominations,  the  Catholic  emigrants  to 
Kentucky,  proved  not  unworthy  of  their  ancestors,  who  had  been  the  first  to  un- 
furl on  this  western  continent,  the  broad  banner  of  universal  freedom,  both  civil 
and  religious.*    They  cheerfully  underwent  the  labors,  privations  and  dangers. 


486  HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF   THE 

to  which  all  the  early  emigrants  were  exposed  ;  and  they  made  common  cause 
with  their  brethren  in  providing  for  the  security  of  their  new  homes  in  the  wil- 
derness, and  in  repelling  Indian  invasions.  Several  of  their  number  were  killed 
or  dragged  into  captivity  on  their  way  to  Kentucky  ;  others  passed  through  stir- 
ring adventures,  and  made  hair-breadth  escapes. 

The  first  Catholic  emigrants  to  Kentucky,  with  whose  history  we  are  ac- 
quainted, were  Dr.  Hart  and  William  Coomes.  These  came  out  in  the  spring 
of  1775,  and  settled  at  Harrod's  station.  Here  Dr.  Hart  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  medicine ;  and  the  wife  of  William  Coomes  opened  a  school  for  children. 
Thus  in  all  probability,  the  first  practising  physician  and  the  first  school  teacher 
of  our  infant  commonwealth  were  both  Roman  Catholics.  A  few  years  later  they 
removed  with  their  families  to  Bardstown,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  most  of  the 
Catholic  emigrants  subsequently  located  themselves.  Previously  to  their  removal, 
however,  they  were  both  actively  employed  in  the  defence  of  Harrod's  Station 
during  its  memorable  siege  by  the  Indians  in  1776-77.  William  Coomes  was 
with  the  party  which  first  discovered  the  approach  of  the  savages;  one  of  his 
companions  was  shot  dead  at  his  side;'  and  he  made  a  narrow  escape  with  his 
life.  _      • 

In  the  year  1785  a  large  colony  of  Catholics  emigrated  to  Kentucky  from 
Maryland,  with  the  Haydens  and  Lancasters,  and  settled  chiefly  on  Pottinger's 
creek,  at  a  distance  of  from  ten  to  fifteen  miles  from  Bardstown.  They  were 
followed  in  the  spring  of  the  next  year,  by  another  colony  led  out  by  captain 
James  Rapier,  who  located  himself  in  the  same  neighborhood.  In  1787,  Thomas 
Hill  and  Philip  Miles  brought  out  another  band  of  Catholic  emigrants,  and  they 
were  followed  in  1788,  by  Robert  Abell,  and  his  friends ;  and  in  1790-91,  by 
Benedict  Spalding  and  Leonard  Hamilton,  with  their  families  and  connexions. 
The  last,  named  colonists  settled  on  the  Rolling  Fork,  a  branch  of  Salt  river, 
iu  the  present  county  of  Marion. 

In  the  spring  of  the  year  1787,  there  were  already  about  fifty  Catholic  families 
in  Kentucky.  They  had  as  yet  no  Catholic  clergyman  to  administer  to  their 
spiritual  wants:  and  they  felt  the  privation  most  keenly.  Upon  application  to 
the  Very  Rev.  John  Carroll,  of  Baltimore,  then  the  ecclesiastical  superior  of  all 
the  Catholics  in  the  United  States,  they  had  the  happiness  to  receive  as  their 
first  pastor  the  Rev.  Mr.  Whelan,  a  zealous  and  talented  Irish  priest,  who  had 
served  as  chaplain  in  the  French  navy,  which  had  come  to  our  assistance  in  tha 
struggle  for  independence.  He  remained  with  his  new  charge  till  the  spring  of 
1790,  when  he  returned  to  Maryland  by  the  way  of  New  Orleans. 

After  his  departure,  the  Catholics  of  Kentucky  were  again  left  in  a  destitute 
condition  for  nearly  three  years ;  when  they  were  consoled  by  the  appearance 
among  them  of  the  Rev.  Stephen  Theodore  Badin,  who  was  sent  out  as  their 
pastor  by  bishop  Carroll,  of  Baltimore,  in  the  year  1793.  This  excellent,  learned, 
zealous  and  indefatigable  religious  pioneer  of  our  state,  still  lingering  in  venera- 
ble old  age  above  the  horizon  of  life,  labored  with  unremitting  zeal  among  the 
Catholics  of  our  state  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and  even  after  this  long  term  of 
service,  though  worn  down  with  previous  exertion,  and  induced  to  travel  and  lake 
some  relaxation  for  his  health,  he  still  continued  to  work  at  intervals  in  the  vine- 
yard which  he  had  so  dearly  loved  and  so  long  cultivated. 

His  adventures  and  hardships  would  fill  a  volume;  and  the  varied  incidents  of 
his  remarkable  life  cannot  even  be  alluded  to  in  this  brief  sketch.  Wherever 
there  was  sickness  or  spiritual  destitution ;  wherever  error  or  vice  was  to  »e 
eradicated,  and  virtue  inculcated ;  wherever  youth  was  to  be  instructed  and 
trained  to  religious  observances;  wherever,  in  a  word,  his  spiritual  ministrations 
were  most  needed,  there  he  was  sure  to  be  found  laboring  with  all  his  native 
energy,  for  the  good  of  his  neighbor.  Difficulties  and  dangers,  which  would 
have  appalled  a  heart  less  stout  and  resolute,  were  set  at  naught  by  this  untiring 
man.  He  traversed  Kentucky  on  horseback  hundreds  of  times  on  missionary 
duty ;  and  he  spent  nearly  half  his  time  in  the  saddle.  Through  rain  and 
storm,  through  hail  and  snow;  along  the  beaten  path  and  through  the  trackless 
wilderness,  by  day  and  by  night,  he  might  be  seen  going  on  his  errand  of  mercy; 
often  for  years  together,  alone  in  the  field,  and  always  among  the  foremost  to 
labor,  even  when  subsequently  joined  by  other  zealous  Catholic  missionaries. 
He  was  intimate  with  the   most  distinguished  men  of  Kentucky  in  the  early 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC   (CHURCH.  487 

times,  and  his  politeness,  learning,  affability  and  wit,  made  him  always  a  wel- 
come guest  at  their  tables. 

When  he  first  came  to  Kentucky  in  1793,  he  estimated  the  number  of  Catho- 
lic families  in  the  stale  at  three  hundred  ;  he  has  lived  to  see  this  number  swell 
to  more  than  six  thousand.  When  he  first  entered  on  this  missionary  field,  there 
was  not  a  Catholic  church  in  the  entire  commonwealth,»and  there  were  few,  if 
any,  Catholic  schools;  in  1846,  there  were  more  than  forty  churches,  besides  a 
great  number  of  missionary  stations,  about  forty  Catholic  priests,  one  religious 
establishment  for  men,  two  colleges  for  young  men,  four  female  religious  in- 
stitutions, eleven  academies  for  girls,  five  or  six  charitable  institutions:  besides 
an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  and  some  minor  schools.  The  entire  Catholic  popula- 
tion of  the  State,  in  1846,  was  estimated  at  thirty  thousand. 

After  having  remained  alone  in  Kentucky  for  nearly  four  years,  Rev.  M.  Badin 
was  joined  by  another  zealous  Catholic  missionary,  like  himself  a  native  of 
France ;  the  Rev.  M.  Fournier,  who  reached  the  State  in  February,  1797.  Two 
years  later — in  February,  1799,  the  two  missionaries  were  cheered  by  the  arrival 
of  another,  the  Rev.  M.  Salnion,  likewise  a  Frenchman.  But  these  two  last  named 
clergymen  did  not  long  survive  the  arduous  labors  of  the  mission.  M.  Salmon 
after  a  serious  illness  contracted  by  exposure,  was  suddenly  killed  by  a  fall  from 
his  horse  near  Bardstown,  on  the  9th  of  November,  1799;  and  the  Rev.  M.  Fournier 
died  soon  after  on  the  Rolling  Fork,  probably  from  the  rupture  of  a  blood-vessel. 

Their  places  were  filled  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Thayer,  a  native  of  New  England, 
who  had  once  been  a  Congregational  minister  in  Boston,  but  had  from  convic- 
tion become  a  Catholic,  and  had  been  promoted  to  the  ministry  in  our  church. 
He  arrived  in  Kentucky  in  1799 ;  having  been  sent  out,  like  the  rest,  by  bishop 
Carroll,  of  Baltimore,  the  venerable  patriarch  of  the  Catholic  church  in 
America  ;  and  he  remained  in  the  State  till  1803.  After  his  departure,  M.  Badin 
was  again  left  alone  for  about  two  years, — until  the  year  1805. 

This  year  is  memorable  in  our  religious  annals,  as  marking  the  arrival  among 
us  of  one  among  the  most  active  and  efficient  of  our  early  missionaries — the  Rev. 
Charles  Nerinckx,  a  native  of  Belgium,  who,  like  many  others  of  our  first  mis-\ 
sionaries,  had  been  compelled  to  leave  Europe  in  consequence  of  the  disturbances 
caused  by  the  French  Revolution.  Strong,  healthy,  robust,  and  full  of  faith  and 
religious  zeal,  he  was  admirably  suited  to  endure  the  hardships  necessarily  con- 
nected with  our  early  missions.  He  shrank  from  no  labor,  and  was  disheartened 
by  no  difficulties.  He  labored  without  cessation,  both  bodily  and  mentally,  for 
nearly  twenty  years,  and  he  died  on  a  missionary  excursion  to  Missouri,  in  1824. 
He  erected  in  Kentucky  no  less  than  ten  Catholic  churches,  in  the  building  of 
which  he  often  worked  with  his  own  hands.  Two  of  these  were  of  brick,  and 
the  rest  of  hewed- logs. 

For  many  years  he  had  charge  of  six  large  congregations,  besides  a  great  num- 
ber of  minor  stations,  scattered  over  the  whole  extent  of  the  State.  Like  M. 
Badin,  he  spent  much  of  his  time  on  horseback,  and  traveled  by  night  as  well  as 
by  day.  On  his  famous  horse  Printer.,  he  very  often  traveled  sixty  miles  in  the 
day;  and  to  save  time,  he  not  unfrequently  set  out  on  his  journeys  at  sunset.  He 
often  swam  swollen  creeks  and  rivers,  even  in  the  dead  of  winter;  he  frequently 
slept  in  the  woods:  and  on  one  occasion,  in  what  is  now  Grayson  county,  he  was 
beset  by  wolves  during  a  whole  night,  when  he  was  saved,  under  the  divine  pro- 
tection, by  his  presence  of  mind  in  sitting  on  his  horse  and  keeping  his  persecu- 
tors at  bay  by  hallooing  at  the  top  of  his  voice.  Exact  in  enforcing  discipline, 
he  was  more  rigid  with  himself  than  with  any  one  else.  He  cared  not  for  his 
bodily  comfort,  and  was  content  with  the  poorest  accommodations.  He  delighted 
to  visit  the  poor,  and  to  console  them  in  their  afflictions;  while  children  and  ser- 
vants were  the  special  objects  of  his  pastoral  solicitude. 

In  order  to  promote  female  piety  and  education,  this  good  man  founded  the 
Sisterhood  of  Loretto,  in  April,  1813.  The  objects  of  this  establishment  were ; 
to  enable  those  young  ladies  who  wished  to  retire  from  the  world,  and  to  devote 
themselves  wholly  to  prayer  and  the  exercises  of  charity,  to  be  useful  to  them- 
selves and  to  others,  by  diffusing  the  blessings  of  a  Christian  education  among 
young  persons  of  their  own  sex,  especially  among  the  daughters  of  the  poor. 
They  were  also  to  receive  and  rear  up  orphan  girls,  who,  if  le'f't  on  the  cold  char- 
ities of  the  world,  might  have  gone  to  ruin  themselves,  and  have  become  an 


488  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF   THE 

occasion  of  ruin  to  others.  The  institution  succeeded  even  beyond  his  most  san 
giiine  expectations.  Within  the  twelve  years  which  elapsed  from  its  establish- 
ment to  the  death  of  its  founder,  the  number  of  sisters  who  devoted  themselves 
to  this  manner  of  life  had  already  increased  to  more  than  a  hundred ;  and  they 
had  under  their  charge  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  girls,  distributed  through 
six  different  schools,  besides  many  orphans,  whom  they  fed,  clothed,  and  educated 
gratuitously.  The  institution  now  reckons  about  one  hundred  and  eighty  mem- 
bers ;  and  besides  the  mother  house,  which  is  at  Loretto,  in  Marion  county,  it  has 
eight  branch  establishments,  five  of  which  are  in  Kentucky,  and  three  in  Mis- 
souri. All  of  these  have  female  schools  attached  to  them,  in  which  young  ladies 
are  taught  not  only  the  elements  of  English  education,  but  also  the  varied  accom- 
plishments which  fit  them  for  the  most  refined  society. 

In  the  spring  of  the  year  1606,  a  new  band  of  Catholic  missionaries  came  to 
Kentucky,  and  established  themselves  at  St.  Rose's,  near  Springfield.  They  were 
the  Rev.  Messrs.  Edward  Fenwick,*  Thomas  Wilson,  Wm.  Raymond  Tuite,  and 
R.  Anger;  the  first  a  native  ot  Maryland,  and  the  three  last  Englishmen.  They 
were  all  of  the  order  of  St.  Dominic.  They  took  charge  of  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  Catholic  missions,  and  labored  with  great  zeal  and  efficiency  in  the 
vineyard.  Connected  with  their  institution  were  a  theological  seminary  and  a 
college  for  young  men,  both  of  which  continued  to  flourish  for  many  years. 

About  a  mile  irom  St.  Rose's,  there  was  also  established,  at  a  later  period,  the 
still  flourishing  female  institution  of  St.  Magdalene's,  conducted  by  sisters  of 
the  third  order  of  St.  Dominic,  which  has  now  a  branch  establishment  at  Somer- 
set, Ohio.  This  latter  institution,  the  permanent  establishment  of  which  is 
mainly  due  to  the  enlightened  zeal  of  Bishop  Miles,  of  Nashville,  has  done  great 
good  in  promoting  the  diflfusion  of  female  education  among  all  classes  of  our 
population. 

In  the  fall  of  the  year  1805,  the  Trappists  came  to  Kentucky  with  the  Rev. 
Urban  Guillet,  their  superior;  and  they  remained  in  the  State,  at  their  establish- 
ment on  Pottinger's  creek,  near  Rohan's  knob,  for  about  four  years,  when  they 
Removed  to  Missouri,  and  subsequently  to  Illinois.  They  were  a  body  of  religious 
monks  who  devoted  themselves  to  fasting  and  prayer,  and  lived  retired  from  the 
world.  They  were,  however,  of  great  assistance  to  the  infant  Catholic  missions 
of  Kentucky,  not  only  by  the  influence  of  their  prayers  and  good  example,  but 
also  by  their  efforts  to  promote  education,  especially  among  the  children  of  the 
poor.  They  established  a  school  for  boys,  in  which  manual  labor  and  instruc- 
tion in  the  mechanical  arts  were  combined  with  a  religious  training  and  the 
teaching  of  the  ordinary  rudiments  of  an  English  education. 

In  the  year  1811,  the  Catholics  of  our  State  were  cheered  by  the  arrival  among 
them  of  their  first  bishop,  the  Rt.  Reverend  Dr.  Flaget,  who  had  been  consecrated 
in  Baltimore  by  Bishop  Carroll,  on  the  4th  of  November  of  the  previous  year. 
Thjs  venerable  missionary  pioneer,  now  in  his  eighty-fourth  year,  had  been 
already  in  the  west,  having  been  stationed  for  two  years  at  Post  Vincennes,  as 
early  as  1792,  shortly  after  his  arrival  in  the  United  States  from  France,  his 
native  country.  When  he  passed  Cincinnati  in  that  year,  there  were  only  four 
rude  cabins  in  this  now  flourishing  city ;  and  Louisville  was  but  little  farther  ad- 
vanced. How  different  is  the  entire  west  now,  from  what  it  was  on  occasion  of 
his  first  visit,  or  even  on  that  of  his  second  in  1811  !  What  was  then  an  unre- 
claimed wilderness,  filled  with  wild  beasts  and  still  fiercer  savages,  is  now  a 
smiling  garden  of  civilization. 

We  cannot  attempt  to  write  even  a  rapid  sketch  of  the  life  and  labors  of  Bishop 
Flaget  in  Kentucky,  during  the  last  thirty-six  years;  a  volume  would  be  neces- 
sary to  do  full  justice  to  his  excellent  and  admirable  character.  The  incidents 
of  his  life  are  familiar  to  all  the  Catholics  of  the  State;  while  the  many  benev- 
olent and  literary  institutions  he  has  reared,  are  the  best  monuments  to  his  mem- 
ory. Suffice  it  to  say,  that  he  has  ever  blended  the  active  benevolence  and 
charity  of  the  Christian  missionary  with  the  amiable  politeness  of  the  accom- 
plished gentleman.  He  had  and  still  has  a  multitude  of  warm  friends,  even 
among  the  dissenting  communions:  he  never  had  one  enemy. 

Among  the  companions  of  Bishop   Flaget,  when  he  came  to  take   up   his 

*  Subsequently  the  first  bishop  of  Cincinnati. 


ROMAN    CATHOLIC    CHURCH.  489 

permanent  abode  in  Kentucky,  were  the  Rev.  J.  B.  M.  David,  and  the  Rev.  G. 
J.  Chabrat — the  latter  not  yet  a  priest;  both  of  whom  afterwards  were  succes- 
sively appointed  his  coadjutors.  The  latter  was  the  first  priest  ordained  by  Bishop 
Flaget  in  Kentucky. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  David,  or,  as  he  was  familiarly  called.  Father  David,  was  con- 
secrated bishop  in  the  newly  dedicated  cathedral  of  Bardstown,  on  the  15th  of 
August,  1819;  and  he  died  on  the  12th  of  July,  1841,  in  the  eighty-first  year 
of  his  age.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  theological  seminary  of  Bardstown,  and 
of  the  order  of  Sisters  of  Charity,  in  Kentucky.  In  the  former  institution,  founded 
in  1811,  were  educated  most  of  the  clergymen  now  on  the  missions  of  Ken- 
tucky, many  of  them  under  his  own  eye.  The  society  of  Sisters  of  Charity  was 
commenced  at  St.  Thomas,  four  miles  from  Bardstown,  in  November,  1812;  and 
the  number  of  its  members  increased  apace,  until  it  was  soon  able  to  send  out 
nevf  colonies  to  different  parts  of  the  State.  The  society  now  has  four  branch 
establishments  under  the  general  supervision  of  the  parent  institution  at  Naza- 
reth, near  Bardstown ;  it  has  more  than  seventy-five  members ;  it  educates 
annually  about  five  hundred  young  ladies,  and  has  charge  of  an  infirmary  and 
orphan  asylum,  in  the  latter  of  which  there  are  at  present  about  seventy  orphan 
girls,  rescued  from  want,  and  trained  to  virtue  and  learning. 

Among  the  most  zealous  and  efficient  deceased  Catholic  clergymen  of 
our  State,  we  may  reckon  the  Rev.  William  Byrne  and  the  Rev.  G.  A.  M.  Elder; 
the  former  an  Irishman,  and  the  founder  of  St.  Mary's  college,  in  Marion  county ; 
the  latter  a  Kentuckian,  and  the  founder  of  St.  Joseph's  college,  in  Bardstown. 
These  two  institutions,  which  have  continued  to  flourish  ever  since,  and  which 
have  been  of  immense  advantage  to  the  cause  of  education  in  Kentucky,  stand 
forth  the  fittest  and  most  durable  monuments  to  their  memory.  Having  been  for 
niany  years  bound  together  by  ties  of  tlie  closest  Christian  friendship,  they  were 
both  ordained  together  in  the  cathedral  of  Bardstown,  by  Bishop  David,  on  the 
18th  of  September,  1819. 

As  an  evidence  of  the  unconquerable  energy  of  these  two  men,  we  may  re- 
mark, that  the  two  institutions  which  they  respectively  founded,  and  in  the 
welfare  of  which  they  felt  so  lively  an  interest,  were  both  reduced  to  ashes 
under  their  very  eyes, — St.  Mary's  college  at  two  different  times  ;  and  that  they 
were  immediately  rebuilt  by  their  founders,  who,  far  from  being  discouraged  by 
the  afflicting  disaster,  seemed  in  consequence  of  it  to  be  clothed,  on  the  contrary, 
with  new  vigor  and  resolution.  No  difficulties  terrified  them  ;  no  obstacles  were 
deemed  by  them  insurmountable.  The  State  never  contributed  one  dollar  to 
either  of  these  institutions,  nor  were  they  erected  by  the  wealth  of  their  founders 
or  the  liberal  contributions  of  individuals.  The  persevering  industry  and  untir- 
ing energy  of  two  men,  wholly  unprovided  with  pecuniary  means,  and  yet  deter- 
mined to  succeed  at  all  hazards,  built  up,  rebuilt,  and  maintained  those  two  institu- 
tions of  learning.  They  and  their  associates  asked  no  salary,  no  worldly  retribu- 
tion for  their  labors  ;  and  the  entire  proceeds  of  the  institutions  thus  went  towards 
paying  the  debts  contracted  for  the  erection  of  them.  So  great  was  the  confi- 
dence reposed  in  the  two  founders  by  all  classes  of  the  community,  that  they  had 
credit,  to  an  unlimited  amount ;  and  it  is  almost  needless  to  add,  that  not  one  of 
their  creditors  ever  lost  a  dollar  by  the  trust  reposed  in  their  integrity  and  ability 
to  meet  all  their  liabilities. 

The  Rev.  William  Byrne  died  of  the  cholera,  at  St.  Mary's  college,  on  the 
5th  of  June,  1833  ;  and  his  friend  followed  him  on  the  28th  of  September,  1838. 
The  latter  died  at  St.  Joseph's  college,  of  an  affection  of  the  heart,  which  he  had 
contracted  many  years  before,  whilea  student  at  Emmetsburgh  college,  Maryland. 
Both  fell  victims  of  their  zeal  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  their  office  ;  both 
died  in  the  arms  of  their  dearest  friends,  in  the  institutions  which  they  had  reared, 
and  which  they  left  behind  them  as  their  sepulchral  monuments. 

Here  we  must  close  this  hasty  and  imperfect  sketch.  The  narrow  limits  by 
which  we  were  confined,  prevented  us  from  speaking  of  several  other  things  wor- 
thyof  notice  in  our  religious  history  ;  while  we  have  on  purpose  abstained  from 
sayinor  much  of  those  who  are  still  living,  whose  biographies  will  be  more  ap- 
propriately written  when  they  shall  be  no  more. 


490  ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CHURCH. 

The  foregoing  sketch  of  the  early  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  Ken- 
tucky was  written   in  1846,  by  the  late  Martin  J.  Spalding,  then  Bishop  of 
Louisville.     We  republish  it,  without  change.  R.  H.  C. 
Statistics  and  Growth  ol  the  Roman  Catholic  church  in  Kentucky: 

In  1793,  number  of  Catholic  families  in  the  state 300 

In  184fi,         "  "  "  "     6,000 

and  a  population  of  about  30,000— with  40  priests,  40  churches,  and  a  number  of  mis- 
sionary stations,  5  religious  institutions,  2  colleges  for  males,  11  academies  for  girls,  6 
charitable  institutions,  and  an  ecclesiastical  seminary. 

1850.  1860.  1870. 

No.  of  organizations  in  Kentucky 130 

No.  of  churches 48     83      125 

No.  of  accommodations  or  sittings 24,240     44,820     72,550 

Value  of  church  property $336,910     $695,850     $2,604,900 

In  1870,  its  church  property  exceeded  in  value  that  of  any  other  denomination  ;  in 
the  number  of  churches  and  church  sittings,  it  was  the  fifth. 

There  are  two  dioceses  and  two  bishops  in  Kentucky— Right  Rev.  TTm.  McCloskey, 
D.D.,  Bishop  of  Louisville,  and  Right  Rev.  A.  M.  Toebbe,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Covington. 

Right  Rev.  Benedict  Joseph  Flaget,  first  Bishop  of  Louisville,  mentioned 
on  the  second  page  before  this  as  still  living  in  1846,  in  his  84th  year,  was 
born  Nov.  7,  1.763,  in  Auvergne,  France,  and  died  in  Louisville,  Feb.  11, 
1850,  in  his  87th  year. 

Right  Rev.  John  McGill,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Richmond,  Va.,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Nov.  4, 1809  ;  in  his  childhood,  his  parents  emigrated  to  Bards- 
town,  Ky.,  where  the  son  graduated  with  distinction  at  the  College  of  St. 
Joseph  ;  studied  law  ;  practiced  at  Bardstown,  then  at  New  Orleans,  but  re- 
turned to  Kentucky  ;  studied  theology  ;  was  ordained  a  priest,  June  13,  1840, 
by  Bishop  David  ;  spent  some  time  at  Rome  in  study ;  returned  to  Kentucky, 
and  entered  upon  missionary  life;  became  distinguished  as  a  controversialist ; 
was  for  a  time  editor  of  the  Catholic  Advocate ;  pastor  at  Lexington,  Ky. ; 
appointed  Bishop  of  Richmond,  and  consecrated,  Nov.  10,  1S50,  by  theArch- 
bi^op  of  St.  Louis ;  for  twenty  years,  took  an  active  part  in  the  Councils 
of  Baltimore;  was  an  earnest  member  of  the  great  Council  of  the  Vatican. 
He  died,  Jan.  14,  1872,  aged  62. 

Most  Rev.  Martin  John  Spalding,  seventh  Archbishop  of  Baltimore  (see 
portrait  in  group  of  Kentucky  clergymen),  was  born  near  Lebanon,  Marion 
CO.,  Ky.,  May  23,  1810;  his  parents  were  natives  of  Maryland,  and  descend- 
ants of  the  Catholic  Pilgrims  of  Maryland,  who  established  civil  and  religious 
liberty  under  Lord  Baltimore.  He  graduated,  in  18-:6,  at  St.  Mary's  College, 
when  16  years  old — having  been,  when  only  14,  the  tutor  of  mathematics ; 
spent  four  years  at  St.  Joseph's  College,  Bardstown,  in  studying  theology, 
and  in  teaching  in  the  college;  four  years  at  Rome,  1830-34,  at  close  of 
which  he  publicly  defended,  for  seven  hours,  in  Latin,  256  propositions  of 
theology,  and  was  rewarded  with  a  doctor's  diploma,  and  ordained  a  priest  by 
Cardinal  Pediana;  1834-43,  pastor  of  St.  Joseph's  College,  then  its  president, 
and  again  its  pastor ;  called  to  the  cathedral  at  Louisville,  1843-48  ;  did  much 
laborious  missionary  work;  184S,  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Lengone  in 
partibus  and  coadjutor  to  Bishop  Flaget,  whom  he  succeeded  as  Bishop  of 
Louisville,  1850-64;  was  distinguished  as  a  writer  and  reviewer,  as  a  pulpit 
orator,  and  as  a  controversialist  and  champion  of  the  Catholic  faith ;  was 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  U.  S.  Catholic  Magazine,  and  .author  of  "  Sketches  of 
the  Early  Catholic  Missions  of  Kentucky,"  "  Life  and  Times  of  Bishop 
Flaget,"  "  Review  of  D'Aubigng's  History  of  the  Reformation,"  "  Miscellanea,' 
and  "  Lectures  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity" — all  published  in  5  vols., 
8vo. ;  June,  1864,  in  presence  of  40,000  spectators,  was  installed  seventh 
Archbishop  of  Baltimore ;  convened  the  Second  Plenary  Council  of  Balti- 
more ;  distinguished  himself  at  the  (Ecumenical  Council  of  the  Vatican  at; 
Rome,  in  1869-70;  on  his  retur.n,  received  public  honors. at  Baltimore  and 
Washington;  during  his  archiepiscopate,  erected  many  new  churches,  estab- 
lished new  schools,  founded  and  endowed  noble  works  of  charity,  and  wore 
himself  out  in  labors  for  his  flock.      He  died  at  Baltimore,  April  21,  1872. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


BIBLE  SOCIETIES  IN  KENTUCKY. 


The  founders  of  the  Commonwealth  and  the  pioneers  of  the  gospel  in  Ken- 
tucky were  alike  profoundly  impressed  with  the  importance  of  the  Bible  and 
of  Bible  truth  to  the  welfare  of  the  State  and  the  formation  and  growth  of 
good  society.  This  faith  was  early  shown  by  corresponding  works ;  and  steps 
were  taken  to  organize  societies  for  the  general  circulation  of  that  book  which 
is  at  once  "  the  palladium  of  liberty  and  the  standard  of  righteousness." 

In  England  was  formed,  in  1804,  the  "British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society," 
the  first  in  the  world  with  the  exclusive  purpose  of  circulating  the  Bible  with- 
out note  or  comment.  As  early  as  1796,  the  "  Society  for  the  Promotion  of 
Christian  Knowledge,"  among  other  objects  of  usefulness  embraced  in  its 
workings,  had  published  an  edition  of  10,000  Welsh  Bibles,  besides  smaller 
lots  previously  issued.  The  dissemination  of  these  produced  valuable  results, 
and  developed  destitution  beyond  anticipation.  A  Welsh  missionary  named 
Thomas  Charles  appealed  to  that  society  for  more,  but  without  much  success. 
He  then  essayed  an  edition  by  subscription,  but  failed  in  this  also.  In  1802 
he  went  to  London,  and  after  various  suggestions,  proposed  to  organize  a  so- 
ciety for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  Bibles  for  Wales.  He  found  sympathizing 
friends — one  of  whom,  a  Baptist  minister,  Rev.  Joseph  Hughes,  wrought  up 
to  enthusiasm  by  the  simple  earnestness  of  Mr.  Charles,  cried  out,  "  Certainly : 
and  if  for  Wales,  why  not  for  the  world?"  The  idea  was  acted  upon;  and 
on  March  7,  1804,  in  London  tavern,  about  300  persons — including  Quakers, 
■who  till  that  time  had  never  acted  but  in  one  instance  with  other  Christian 
sects — met  and  organized  the  "  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,"  with  a 
president  and  other  officers,  including  an  executive  committee  of  15  Church 
of  England  laymen,  15  dissenting,  and  6  foreigners,  and  a  subscribed  fund  of 
$3,500 ;  the  members  were  to  pay  a  guinea  annually,  and  have  a  di.scount  on 
Bibles.  The  first  edition  ordered  was  20,000  Bibles  and  5,000  Testaments,  to 
supply  Wales — so  intensely  delighting  the  Welsh  population,  that  they  drew 
the  first  load  by  hand  through  the  city,  with  great  rejoicing.  Auxiliary  soci- 
eties, both  at  home  and  on  the  continent,  were  gradually  formed. 

In  1808  the  "Bible  Society  of  Philadelphia "  was  formed — the  first  in  Amer- 
ica; followed,  in  1809,  by  one  in  Connecticut  and  one  in  Massachusetts;  in 
1811,  by  the  "Kentucky  Bible  Society"  at  Lexington  ;  in  1813,  by  one  at  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia;  jn  1814,  by  one  in  Antigua,  one  of  the  West  Indies;  and 
in  1816,  by  the  "American  Bible  Society,"  at  New  York — five  years  after 
Kentucky  had  pioneered  the  idea  in  the  new  West — and  embracing  among 
its  vice-presidents,  two  Kentucky  governors,  Isaac  Shelby  and  George  Madi- 
son. The  first  year's  receipts  of  the  American  Bible  Society  were  $37,779, 
and  its  circulation  of  Bibles  and  Testaments  reached  6,410  volumes.  Forty- 
two  years  after,  in  1858,  its  receipts  were  $386,960,  and  its  issues  712,1 14  vol- 
umes. Its  total  circulation  of  the  Bible,  or  parts  of  the  Bible,  in  all  cases 
without  note  or  comment,  in  1858  had  reached  12,804,083  volumes. 

In  1804,  when  the  first  Bible  society  was  formed,  the  Bible  was  printed  and 
circulated  in  50  tongues.  In  1858,  it  was  printed  and  circulated  in  166  ver- 
sions— of  which  99  were  new  versions,  including  14  European  languages,  15 
Asiatic,  11  Polynesian,  11  African,  and  7  American.  Many  of  these  were  first 
made  written  languages  by  the  societies. 

A  great  cause  for  thankfulness  is  the  extreme  cheapness  of  the  Bible,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  American  Bible  Society.  Good  editions  of  the  Bible  can 
now  be  bought  for  from  25  to  50  cents  per  copy,  and  of  the  Testament  as  low 
as  8  cents. 

The  formation  and  success  of  the  Kentucky  Bible  Society,  about  the  fourth 

(491) 


4ya  BIBLE   SOCIETIES   IN   KENTUCKY. 

in  order,  doobtless  fjave  a  powerfully  directing  influence  to  the  organization 
of  the  American  Bible  Society,  five  years  later,  and  to  which  it  became  aux- 
iliary in  1817.  Among  it8  founders  and  active  managers  and  supporters  were 
Revs.  J.ames  Blythe,  D.D.,  Robert  H.  Bishop,  D.U.,  James  Fishback,  D.D., 
Nathan  H.  Hall,  D.D.,  John  T.  Edgar,  D.D.,  James  McChord,  John  Lyle,  and 
R.  M.  Cunningham ;  and  of  statesmen  and  public  men,  Ex-Governors  Isaac 
Shelby,  George  Madison,  Gabriel  Slaughter,  and  John  Adair,  Hon.  Joseph  C. 
Breckinridge,  Judge  Benjamin  Mills,  Col.  James  Morrison,  John  Tilford,  John 
W.  Hunt,  David  A.  Sayre,  and  others.  Under  such  auspices,  a  deep  interest 
was  awakened  all  over  the  State,  and  cooperative  Bible  Associations  formed — 
among  them  the  Lexington,  Paris,  Mason  County,  Pisgah,  New  Providence, 
Chaplin  Hills,  and  Louisville  Associations.  In  September,  1814,  the  Ken- 
tucky Bible  Society  sent  to  Philadelphia  for  Bibles  and  Testaments,  to  be  dis- 
tributed among  the  soldiers  of  the  war  of  1812. 

So  important  a  field  for  distribution  was  opened  in  the  West,  and  so  irreg- 
ular and  expensive  was  the  transportation  from  the  East,  that  Lexington  was 
selected  by  the  American  Bible  bociety  as  a  central  point  or  depot  for  pub- 
lishing and  circulating  the  Scriptures  in  the  West  and  South ;  and  two  sets  of 
stereotype  plates  of  the  entire  Bible  were  sentout — from  which,  by  1823,  three 
editions  of  2,000  copies  each  had  been  printed,  on  paper  of  an  "  excellent 
quality,"  made  near  Georgetown,  Ky.,  and  "  equal  in  workmanship  to  any." 
They  were  sold  at  $1.50  for  large  octavo  size,  68J  cents  for  common  12  mo., 
and  18|  cents  for  a  Testament  for  Sunday-schools.  These  prices  were  in  West- 
ern currency,  which  was  at  a  large  discount  compared  with  Eastern  funds.  This 
was  in  1821 — fifty  years  ago ! 

From  1819  to  1826,  New  York  and  Lexington  were  the  publishing  depots  for 
the  Society,  for  the  whole  country.  The  parent  Society  adopted  the  policy  of 
county  auxiliary  societies,  of  which  there  were  112  in  Kentucky,  in  October, 
1871,  to  carry  on  its  work.  This  system,  and  the  increased  publishing  and 
commercial  facilities  of  New  York,  made  the  further  editions  at  Lexington 
not  so  advantageous ;  and  the  Kentucky  Bible  Society — having  faithfully  ful- 
filled its  mission,  and  made  a  lasting  impression  for  good — was  discontinued, 
or  passed  into  and  became  a  part  of  the  American  Bible  Society.  During 
its  existence,  all  the  governors,  lieutenant-governors,  and  other  chief  officers 
of  the  State,  were  either  presidents,  vice-presidents,  or  managers  of  the  Ken- 
tucky Bible  Society,  or  selected  to  deliver  addresses  at  its  anniversaries. 

But  while  men  of  large  and  liberal  views  were  making  this  noble  record 
for  the  State  and  society,  Christian  women  were  helping  also,  by  organizing 
similar  societies  with  the  same  worthy  object.  The  Female  Bible  Society  of 
Lexington  was  organized  December  12,  1822,  and  continues  its  good  work  to 
this  day  (1871).  The  contributions  since  its  organization  amount  to  $4,556. 
One  of  the  managers  at  its  formation,  and  who  soon  became  its  energetic  Pres- 
ident— Mrs.  Thomas  T.  Skillman — at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-five,  was  still  (in 
1871)  directing  its  operations.  » 

The  American  Bible  Society  has  managed  the  work  in  Kentucky  through 
general  agents  selected  from  among  the  distinguished  clergymen  of  various 
denominations.  Rev.  George  S.  Savage,  M.  D.,  was  the  general  agent  in  1871. 
A  system  of  Bible  colportage,  by  which  the  poor  and  destitute  were  supplied, 
has  been  a  leading  feature  of  its  work.  In  addition  to  the  volumes  printed 
at  Lexington,  of  which  a  portion  was  sent  to  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  to  the  ter- 
ritories of  Indiana  and  Louisiana,  the  totiil  number  sent  to  Kentucky  from 
New  York,  from  its  organization  in  1816  to  the  1st  of  October,  1871,  was 
614,699  volumes — a  yearly  average  of  11,279  volumes.  Although  in  several 
years  before  1836  the  number  sent  was  less  than  500,  yet,  since  1844,  only 
three  times  has  there  been  as  few  as  10,550  received;  while,  in  1855,  the 
number  was  20,720,  it  rose  to  33,164  in  1862,  31,378  in  1863,  67,269  in  1864, 
22,465  in  1868,  and  26,938  in  187.1  For  the  ten  years  preceding  April,  1871, 
the  total  sent  to  Kentucky  was  256,278  volumes— a  yearly  average  of  25,627. 


^r^ 


--^r, 


"--(3lC^KTII.CIi,^  JiiD)e^B, 


3tn»iaved  ExpesslT  foiBidhaiil  H,  Collins  History  of  ftoiluiy 


SKETCH 


COURT     OF    APPEALS 


The  Constitution  of  Kentucky — like  that  of  the  United  States,  and  those,  also, 
of  all  the  Stales  of  the  Anglo-American  Union — distributes  among  three  depart- 
ments of  organic  sovereignty,  all  the  political  powers  which  it  recognises  and 
establishes.  And  to  effectuate,  in  practice,  the  theoretic  equilibrium  and  security 
contemplated  by  this  fundamental  partition  of  civil  authority,  it  not  only  declares 
that  the  Legislature  shall  exercise  no  other  power  than  such  as  may  be  legisla- 
tive— the  Judiciary  no  other  than  that  which  is  judicial — nor  the  Executive  any 
other  than  such  as  shall  be  executive  in  its  nature;  but  it  also,  to  a  conservative 
extent,  secures  the  relative  independence  of  each  of  these  depositaries  of  power. 
If  courts  were  permitted  to  legislate,  or  the  legislature  were  suffered  not  only 
to  prescribe  the  rule  of  right,  but  to  decide  on  the  constitutional  validity  of  its 
own  acts,  or  adjudicate  on  private  rights,  no  citizen  could  enjoy  political  security 
against  the  ignorance,  the  passions  or  the  tyranny  of  a  dominant  party:  And  if 
judges  were  dependent  for  their  offices  on  the  will  of  a  mere  legislative  majority, 
their  timidity  and  subservience  might  often  add  judicial  sanction  to  unconstitu- 
tional enactments,  and  thereby,  instead  of  guarding  the  constitution  as  honest  and 
fearless  sentinels,  they  would  help  the  popular  majority  to  become  supreme,  and 
to  rule  capriciously,  in  defiance  of  all  the  fundamental  prohibitions  and  guaranties 
of  the  people's  organic  law.  As  the  legislature  derives  its  being  and  authority 
from  the  constitution,  which  is  necessarily  supreme  and  inviolable,  no  legislative 
act  prohibited  by  any  of  its  provisions,  can  be  law  ,-  and,  consequently,  as  it  is  the 
province  of  the  judiciary,  acting  as  the  organ  of  the  judicial  function  of  popular 
sovereignty,  to  declare  and  administer  the  law  in  every  judicial  case,  it  must  be 
the  duty,  as  well  as  privilege,  of  every  court  to  disregard  every  legislative  viola- 
tion of  the  constitution,  as  a  nullity,  and  thus  maintain  the  practical  supremacy 
and  inviolability  of  the  fundamental  law.  But  the  will  to  do  so,  whenever  proper, 
is  as  necessary  as  the  power;  and,  therefore,  the  constitution  of  Kentucky  pro- 
vides that  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  also  of  inferior  courts,  shall  be 
entitled  to  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior;  and,  moreover,  provides  that 
no  judge  shall  be  subject  to  removal  otherwise  than  by  impeachment,  on  the  trial 
of  which  there  can  be  no  conviction,  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the 
Senate — or  by  the  address  of  both  branches  of  the  legislature,  two-thirds  of  each 
branch  concurring  therein. 

The  first  constitution  of  Kentucky,  which  commenced  its  operation  on  the  Isl 
of  June,  1793,  also  prohibited  the  legislature  from  reducing  a  judge's  salary  du- 
ring his  continuance  in  ofliice.  But  the  present  constitution,  adopted  in  1799, 
contains  no  such  prohibition.  It  is  not  difficult  to  perceive  which  of  these  con- 
stitutions is  most  consistent  with  the  avowed  theory  of  both  as  to  judicial  inde- 
pendence ;  for,  certainly,  there  can  be  no  sufficient  assurance  of  judicial  indepen 

(493-) 


494  SKETCH  OF  THE 

dence,  when  the  salary  of  every  judge  depends  on  the  will  of  a  legislative  majority 
of  the  law-making  department. 

But  to  secure  a  permanent  tribunal  for  adjudicating  on  the  constitutionality  of 
legislative  acts,  the  existing  constitution  of  Kentucky,  like  its  predecessor  in 
this  respect,  ordained  mid  established  "A  Supreme  Court,"  and  vested  it  with  ul- 
timate jurisdiction.     Section  one  and  two  of  the  4th  article  reads  as  follows  : 

"Sec.  1.  The  judicial  power  of  this  commonwealth,  both  as  to  matters  of  law  and 
equity,  shall  be  vested  in  one  Supreme  Court,  which  shall  be  styled  the  Court  of  Appeals, 
and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  General  Assembly  may,  from  time  to  time,  erect  and  es- 
tablish. 

"Sec.  2.  The  Court  of  Appeals,  except  in  cases  otherwise  provided  for  in  this  constitution, 
shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  shall  be  co-extensive  with  the  state,  under  such 
restrictions  and  regulations,  not  repugnant  to  this  constitution,  as  may,  from  time  to  time,  be 
prescribed  by  law." 

As  long  as  these  fundamental  provisions  shall  continue  to  be  authoritative,  there 
must  be  in  Kentucky  a  judicial  tribunal  with  appellate  jurisdiction  "co-extensive 
with  the  State,"  and  co-ordinate  with  the  legislative  and  executive  departments. 
And  this  tribunal  being  established  by  the  constitution,  the  legislature  can  neither 
abolish  it  nor  divest  it  of  appellate  jurisdiction.  The  theoretic  co-ordinacy  of  the 
organic  representatives  of  the  three  functions  of  all  political  sovereignty,  requires 
that  the  judicial  organ,  of  the  last  resort,  shall  be  as  permanent  and  inviolable  as 
the  constitution  itself.  The  great  end  of  the  constitution  of  Kentucky,  and  of 
every  good  constitution,  is  lo  prescribe  salutary  limits  to  the  inherent  power  of  nu- 
merical majorities.  Were  the  political  omnipotence  of  every  such  majority  either 
reasonable  or  safe,  no  constitutional  limitations  on  legislative  will  would  be  ne- 
cessary or  proper.  But  the  whole  tenor  of  the  Kentucky  constitution  implies  that 
liberty,  justice  and  security,  (the  ends  of  all  just  government,)  require  many  such 
fundamentiil  restrictions  :  And  not  only  to  prescribe  such  as  were  deemed  proper, 
but  more  especially  to  secure  their  efficacy,  was  the  ultimate  object  of  the  people  in 
adopting  a  constitution:  And,  to  assure  the  integrity  and  practical  supremacy  of 
these  restrictions,  they  determined  that,  as  long  as  their  constitution  should  last, 
there  should  be  a  tribunal,  the  judges  of  which  should  be  entitled  to  hold  their 
offices  as  long  as  the  tribunal  itself  should  exist  and  they  should  behave  well  and 
continue  competent,  in  the  judgment  of  as  many  as  one-third  of  each  branch  of  the 
legislature,  on  an  address,  or  of  one-third  of  the  senate,  on  an  impeachment :  And, 
to  prevent  evasion,  they  have  provided  that,  whilst  an  incumbent  judge  of  the 
Appellate  Court  may  be  removed  from  his  office  by  a  concurrent  vote  of  two-thirds, 
neither  the  appellate  tribunal,  nor  the  office  itself,  shall  be  subject  to  legislative 
abolition. 

There  is  a  radical  difference  in  the  stability  of  the  supreme  and  inferior  courts. 
The  first  is  constitutional — the  last  is  only  statutory.  As  the  constitution  itself 
establishes  the  Court  of  Appeals,  this  tribunal  can  be  abolished  by  a  change  of  the 
constitution  alone.  But  as  the  circuit  courts  are  established  by  statute,  the  su- 
preme power,  that  is,  a  legislative  majority,  may  repeal  it,  and  thereby  abolish 
these  courts  ;  and,  of  course,  the  office  of  judge  ceases  with  the  abolition  of  his 
court.  It  would  be  certainly  incompatible  with  the  genius  of  the  constitution  to 
abolish  the  circuit  courts,  merely  to  get  clear  of  the  incumbent  judges:  Yet,  as 
the  power  to  abolish  exists,  the  motive  of  the  abolition  cannot  judicially  affect  the 
validity  of  the  act.  And,  as  the  organization  of  inferior  courts  is  deferred,  by  the 
constitution,  to  legislative  experience  and  discretion;  and  as,  moreover,  a  new 
system  of  such  courts  may  often  be  usefully  substituted  for  one  found  to  be  inel- 
igible, the  legislature  ought  not  to  be  restrained  from  certain  melioration,  by  a 
fear  of  shaking  the  stability  of  the  judiciary.  The  constitutional  inviolability  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  which  may  rectify  the  errors  of  the  inferior  tribunal,  may 
sufficiently  assure  judicial  independence  and  rectitude. 

The  fundamental  immutability  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  the  value  of  the  du- 
rable tenure  by  which  the  judges  hold  their  offices,  have  been  impressively  illus- 
tiated  in  the  history  and  results  of  "the  relief  system,^''  and  resulting  "old  and  new 
court,"  which  agitated  Kentucky  almost  to  convulsion  for  several  years — the  most 
pregnant  and  memorable  in  the  annals  of  the  State.  That  system  of  legislative 
"relief,"  as  it  was  miscalled,  was  initiated  in  1817-18,  by  retrospective  prolonga- 


COURT  OF  APPEALS.  495 

tions  of  replevins,  of  judgments  and  decrees — and  it  was  matured,  in  1830,  by 
the  establishment  of  the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth,  without  either  capital  or  the 
guaranty  of  state  credit,  and  by  subsidiary  enactments  extending  replevins  to  two 
years  in  all  cases  in  which  the  creditor  should  fail  to  endorse  on  his  execution  his 
consent  to  take,  at  its  nominal  value,  local  bank  paper  greatly  depreciated.  The 
object  of  the  legislature,  in  establishing  such  a  bank,  and  in  enacting  such  co-op- 
erative statutes  as  those  just  alluded  i.o,  was  to  enable  debtors  to  pay  their  debts 
in  much  less  than  their  value,  by  virtually  compelling  creditors  to  accept  much 
less,  or  incur  the  hazards  of  indefinite  and  vexatious  delays. 

The  constitutionality  of  the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth,  though  generally  doubt- 
ed, was  sustained  by  many  judicial  recognitions  by  the  Court  of  Appeals  of 
Kentucky,  and  finally  by  an  express  decision  in  which  the  then  judges  (Robert- 
son, chief  justice,  and  Underwood  and  Nicholas,  judges)  without  expressing  their 
own  opinions,  deferred  to  those  incidental  recognitions  by  their  predecessors,  and 
also  to  the  opinion  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  in  the  case  of 
Craig  vs.  Missouri,  in  which  that  court  defined  a  "  bill  of  credit"  prohibited  by 
the  national  constitution,  to  be  a  bill  issued,  as  currency,  by  a  State  and  oji  the 
credit  nf  the  State.  The  notes  of  the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth,  though  issued 
by  and  in  the  name  of  the  State  of  Kentucky,  were  not  issued  on  the  credit  of 
the  State,  but  expressly  on  the  exclusive  credit  of  a  nominal  capital  dedicated 
by  the  charter — and  this  known  fact  produced  the  rapid  depreciation  of  those 
notes;  and,  consequently,  the  same  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  affirmed 
the  said  decision  of  the  Appellate  Court  of  Kentucky,  as  it  was  compelled  to  do 
by  its  own  authority,  in  Craig  vs.  Missouri,  unless  it  had  overruled  so  much  of 
that  decision  as  declared  that  it  was  an  indispensable  characteristic  of  a  prohib- 
ited "  bill  of  credit,"  that  it  should  be  issued  on  the  credit  of  the  State.  There  is 
much  reason  for  doubting  the  correctness  of  these  decisions  by  the  national 
judiciary — and,  if  they  be  maintained,  there  is  good  cause  for  apprehending  that 
the  beneficent  policy  of  the  interdiction  of  State  bills  of  credit  may  be  entirely 
frustrated,  and  the  constitutional  prohibition  altogether  paralysed  or  eluded. 

When  the  validity  of  the  statutes  retrospectively  extending  replevins,  was 
brought  before  the  Court  of  Appeals,  the  three  judges  then  constituting  that  court, 
(Messrs.  Boyle,  chief  justice,  and  Owsley  and  Mills,  judges,)  delivered  separate 
opinions,  all  concurring  in  the  conclusion  that  those  statutes,  so  far  as  they  retro- 
acted  on  contracts  depending  for  their  effect  on  the  law  of  Kentucky,  were  incon- 
sistent.with  that  clause  in  the  federal  constitution,  which  prohibits  the  legisla- 
tures of  the  several  states  in  the  union  from  passing  any  act  "  impairing  the 
obligation  of  contracts"  and  also,  of  course,  with  the  similar  provision  in  the 
constitution  of  Kentucky,  inhibiting  any  such  enactment  by  the  legislature  of 
this  State.  A  more  grave  and  eventful  question  could  not  have  been  presented 
to  the  court  for  its  umpirage.  It  subjected  to  a  severe,  but  decisive  ordeal,  the 
personal  integrity,  firmness  and  intelligence  of  the  judges,  and  the  value  of  that 
degree  of  judicial  independence  and  stability  contemplated  by  the  constitution. 
The  question  involved  was  new  and  vexed;  and  a  majority  of  the  people  of  the 
State  had  approved,  and  were,  as  they  seemed  to  think,  vitally  interested  in 
maintaining  their  constituent  power  to  enact ,such  remedial  statutes. 

Under  this  accumulated  burthen  of  responsibility,  however,  the  court  being  of 
the  opinion  that  the  acts  impaired  the  obligation  of  contracts  made  in  Kentucky 
antecedently  to  their  date,  honestly  and  firmly  so  decided,  without  hesitation  or 
dissent.  The  court  argued,  1st.  That  every  valid  contract  had  two  kinds  of  obli- 
gation— the  one  moral,  the  other  legal  or  civil ;  that  the  fundamental  interdicts 
applied  to  the  legal  obligation  only,  because,  as  moral  obligations  are  as  immuta- 
ble as  the  laws  of  God,  and  depend  on  the  consciences  of  men,  and  therefore 
cannot  be  impaired  by  human  legislation  or  power — consequently,  it  would  be 
ridiculously  absurd  to  suppose  that  the  constitution  intended  to  interdict  that 
which,  iinthout  any  interdiction,  could  not  be  done.  2d.  That,  as  moral  obliga- 
tion results  from  the  sanctions  of  natural  law,  so  civil  obligation  arises  from  the 
sanctions  of  human  law ;  that,  whenever  the  laws  of  society  will  not  uphold  nor 
enforce  a  contract,  that  contract  possesses  no  civil  obligation,  but  may  be  alone 
morally  obligatory ;  that  the  obligation,  whether  moral  or  civil,  is  the  chain,  tie, 
or  ligature,  which  binds,  coerces,  persuades,  or  obliges  the  obligor;  that  all  civil 
obligation,  therefore,  springs  from  and  is  regulated  by  the  punitory  or  remedial 


496  SKETCH  OF  THE 

power  of  human  law;  that  the  destraction  or  withdrawal  of  all  such  ])ower, 
must  annihilate  all  merely  civil  obligation;  that,  consequently,  that  which  im- 
pairs such  power  must,  to  the  same  extent,  impair  such  obligation;  and,  that^ 
whatever  renders  the  remedial  agency  of  the  law  less  certain,  effectual  or  valua- 
ble, impairs  it ;  and,  also,  necessarily  impairs,  therefore,  the  obligation  which  it 
creates.  3d.  That  the  civil  obligation  of  a  contract  depends  on  the  law  of  the 
place  when  and  where  it  is  made ;  and  that  any  subsequent  legislation  that 
essentially  impairs  the  legal  remedy  for  maintaining  or  enforcing  that  contract, 
must,  consequently,  so  far,  impair  its  legal  obligation.  4th.  That,  if  a  retro- 
active extension  of  replevin  from  three  months  to  two  years,  would  not  impair 
the  obligation  of  a  contract  made  under  the  shorter  replevin  law,  the  like  prolon- 
gation to  one  hundred  years  would  not  impair  the  obligation;  and,  if  this  would 
not,  the  abrogation  of  all  legal  remedy  could  not.  5th.  That  it  is  impossible  that 
legislation  can  destroy  or  impair  the  legal  obligation  of  contracts,  otherwise  than  by 
operating  on  the  legal  remedies  for  enforcing  them ;  and,  that,  consequently,  any 
legislation  retro-actively  and  essentially  deteriorating  legal  remedy,  as  certainly 
and  essentially  impairs  the  legal  obligation  of  all  contracts  on  which  it  so  retro- 
acts:  And,  finally,  therefore,  that  the  retrospective  extension  of  replevin  in 
Kentucky,  was  unconstitutional  and  void. 

Unanswerable  and  conclusive  as  this  mere  skeleton  of  the  court's  argument 
may  be,  yet  the  decision  excited  a  great  outcry  against  the  judges.  Their 
authority  to  disregard  a  legislative  act  as  unconstitutional  was,  by  many,  denied, 
and  they  were  denounced  as  ^'usurpers, — tyrants, — kings."  At  the  succeeding 
session  of  the  legislature,  in  the  fall  of  1823,  a  long,  verbose,  and  empty  pre- 
amble and  resolutions,  for  addressing  them  out  of  office,  were  reported  by  John 
Rowan,  to  which  the  judges  responded  fully  and  most  effectually.  But  after 
an  able  and  boisterous  debate,  the  preamble  and  resolutions  were  adopted  by  a 
majority  less  than  two-thirds.  The  judges — determined  in  stand  or  fall  by  the 
constitution — refused  to  abdicate.  At  the  next  session  of  the  legislature,  in 
1824,  there  then  being  a  still  larger  majority  against  the  judges  and  their  de- 
cision,— bid  not  quite  two-thirds, — the  dominant  party  now  became  furious  and 
reckless,  passed  an  act,  mis-entitled  "  an  act  to  reorganize  the  Court  of  Appeals ;" 
the  object  and  effect  of  which,  if  sustained,  were  to  abolish  the  "oW"  constitu- 
tional "couW,"  and  substitute  a  "new"  legislative  "court."  The  minority  in 
that  legislature  united  in  a  powerful  protest  against  the  "reorganizing  act," 
which,  on  the  presentation  of  it  to  the  house  of  representatives  by  George  Rob- 
ertson, by  whom"  it  was  written,  was,  unceremoniously,  ordered  to  be  entered  on 
the  journal  of  that  house,  without  being  read.  A  copy,  however,  which  was 
read  in  the  senate,  was  refused  a  place  on  the  journal  of  that  body, — and  a  "new 
court"  senator,  coming  into  the  other  house  immediately  afterwards,  and  there 
learning  that  the  protest  had,  unheard,  been  admitted  to  the  journal  of  that  house, 
told  Mr.  Rowan  that  it  was  "the  devil,"  and  if  embalmed  in  the  record,  would 
blow  "  the  new  court  party  shy  high."  Whereupon,  a  reconsideration  was  mo- 
ved, and  the  memorable  document  was  kicked  out  of  that  house  also.  But  it 
could  not  be  strangled.  It  lived  and  triumphed.  It  was  published  as  an  unan- 
swerable text,  and  rallied  and  eleatrified  the  friends  of  the  constitution,  order, 
and  justice. 

The  "  new  court "  (consisting  of  William  T.  Barry,  chief  justice,  and  James 
Haggin,  John  Trimble,  and  Rezin  H.  Davidge,  judges,)  took  unauthorized  pos- 
session of  the  papers  and  records  in  the  office  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  appointed 
Francis  P.  Blair,  clerk,  and  attempted  to  do  business  and  decide  some  causes, 
their  opinions  on  which,  were  published  by  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  in  a  small  duo- 
decimo volume,  which  has  never  been  regarded  or  read  as  authority.  The  judges 
of  the  constitutional  Court  of  Appeals  were  thus  deprived,  without  their  consent, 
of  the  means  of  discharging  official  duties  properly  ;  and,  the  people  not  know- 
ing whether  the  "  old  "  or  the  "new  court"  was  the  constitutional  tribunal  of 
revision,  some  appealed  to  the  one,  and  some  to  the  other.  In  this  perplexing  cri- 
sis of  judicial  anarchy,  the  only  authoritative  arbiter  was  the  ultimate  sovereign — 
the  freemen  of  the  State  at  the  polls.  To  that  final  and  only  tribunal,  therefore, 
both  parlies  appealed  ;  and  no  period,  in  the  history  of  Kentucky,  was  ever  more 
pregnant,  or  marked  with  more  excitement,  or  able  and  pervading  discussion, 
than  that  which  immediately  preceded  the  annual  elections  in  the  year  imn. 


COURT  OF   APPEALS.  497 

The  portoiiious  agony  resulted  in  tlie  election,  to  the  house  of  representatives,  of 
a  decisive  majority  in  favor  of  the  "  old  court,"  and  against  the  constitutionality 
of  the  "new  court."  But  only  one-third  of  the  senators  having  passed  the  ordeal 
of  that  election,  a  small  "  new  court"  majority  still  remained  in  the  senate ;  and, 
disregarding  the  submission  of  the  question  to  the  votes  of  the  people,  that  little 
majority  refused  to  repeal  the  "  reorganizing  act,"  or  acknowledge  the  existence 
of  the  "  old  court."  This  unexpected  and  perilous  contumacy,  brought  the  antag- 
onist parties  to  the  brink  of  a  bloody  revolution.  For  months  the  commonwealth 
was  trembling  on  the  crater  of  a  heaving  volcano.  But  the  considerate  prudence 
of  the  "  old  court  party"  prevented  an  eruption,  by  forbearing  to  resort  to  force 
to  restore  to  the  "old  court"  its  papers  and  records,  which  the  minority  guarded, 
in  Blair's  custody,  by  military  means — and,  also,  by  appealing,  once  more,  to  the 
constituent  body,  in  a  printed  manifesto  prepared  by  George  Robertson,  signed 
by  the  members  constituting  the  majority  of  the  popular  branch  of  the  legisla- 
ture, and  exposing  the  incidents  of  the  controversy  and  the  conduct  of  the  defeated 
party.  The  result  of  this  last  appeal  was  a  majority  in  the  senate,  and  an 
augmented  majority  in  the  house  of  representatives  in  favor  of  repealing  as 
unconstitutional,  the  "act  to  reorganize  the  Court  of  Appeals."  That  act  was 
accordingly  repealed  in  the  session  of  1826-7,  by  "  an  act  to  remove  the  uncon- 
stitutional obstructions  which  have  been  thrown  in  the  way  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals,"  passed  by  both  houses  the  30th  December,  1826 — the  governor's  objec- 
tions notwithstanding.  The  "  new  court"  vanished,  and  the  "  old  court,"  redeemed 
and  reinstated,  proceeded,  without  further  question  or  obstruction,  in  the  discharge 
of  its  accustomed  duties. 

As  soon  as  a  quietus  had  been  given  to  this  agitating  controversy,  John  Boyle, 
who  had  adhered  to  the  helm  throughout  the  storm  in  a  forlorn  hope  of  saving 
the  constitution,  resigned  the  chief-justiceship  of  Kentucky,  and  George  M.  Bibb, 
a  distinguished  champion  of  the  "  relief"  and  "  new  court"  parties,  was,  by  a 
relief  governor  and  senate,  appointed  his  successor.  Owsley  and  Mills  retained 
their  seats  on  the  appellate  bench  until  the  fall  of  1828,  when  they  also  resigned, 
and,  being  re-nominated  by  Gov.  Metcalfe,  who  had  just  succeeded  Gov.  Desha, 
they  were  rejected  by  a  relief  senate,  and  George  Robertson  and  .Joseph  R.  Un- 
derwood (both  "  anti-relief"  and  "old  court")  were  appointed  to  succeed  them. 
Then  Bibb  forthwith  resigned,  and  there  being  no  chief  justice  until  near  the 
close  of  1S29,  these  two  judges  constituted  the  court,  and,  during  that  year,  de- 
clared null  and  void  all  the  acts  and  decisions  of  the  "  new  court,"  and  disposed 
of  about  one  thousand  cases  on  the  docket  of  the  Court  of  Appeals.  In  December, 
1829,  Robertson  was  appointed  chief  justice,  and  Richard  A.  Buckner  judge  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals.  And  thus,  once  more,  "  the  old  court "  was  complete, 
homogeneous  and  peaceful,  and  the  most  important  question  that  could  engage 
the  councils  or  agitate  the  passions  of  a  state,  was  settled  finally,  and  settled 

This  memorable  contest  between  the  constitution  and  the  passions  of  a  popular 
majority — between  the  judicial  and  legislative  departments — proves  the  efficacy  of 
Kentucky's  constitutional  structure,  and  illustrates  the  reason  and  the  importance 
of  that  system  of  judicial  independence  which  it  guaranties.  It  demonstrates 
that,  if  the  appellate  judges  had  been  dependent  on  a  bare  majority  of  the  people 
or  their  representatives,  the  constitution  would  have  been  paralyzed,  justice 
dethroned,  and  property  subjected  to  rapine,  by  tumultuary  passions ^and  numer- 
ical power.  And  its  incidents  and  results  not  only  commend  to  the  gratitude  of 
the  living  and  unborn,  the  proscribed  judges  and  the  efficient  compatriots  who 
dedicated  their  time  and  talents  for  years  to  the  rescue  of  the  constitution,  but 
also,  impressively  illustrate  the  object  and  efficacy  of  the  fundamental  limitations 
in  the  will  of  the  majority — that  is,  the  ultimate  prevalence  of  reason  over  pas- 
sion— of  truth  over  error — which,  in  popular  governments,  is  the  sure  offspring, 
only,  of  time  and  sober  deliberation,  which  it  is  the  object  of  constitutional  checks 
to  ensure. 

As  first  and  now  organized,  the  Court  of  Appeals  consists  of  three  judges,  one 
of  whom  is  commissioned  ^^  chief  justice  of  Kentucky. "  In  the  year  1801,  the 
number  was  increased  to  four,  and  Thomas  Todd  (who  had  been  clerk  of  that 
court,  and  in  the  year  1807  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States)  was  the  first  who  was  appointed  fourth  judge.  In  the  year  1813, 
I. ..32 


498 


SKETCH    OF    THE 


the  number  was  prospectively  reduced  to  three;  and,  all  the  incumbents  having 
immediately  resigned,  two  of  them  (Boyle  and  Logan)  were  instantly  re-com- 
missioned, and  Robert  Trimble,  who  was  commissioned  by  Gov.  Shelby,  having 
declined  to  accept,  Owsley,  who  had  been  one  of  the  four  judges  who  had  re- 
signed, was  afterwards  also  re-commissioned  ;  and  ever  since  that  time,  the  court 
has  consisted  of  three  judges  only. 

All  the  judges  have  always  received  equal  salaries.  At  first  the  salary  of  each 
judge  was  $660.66.  In  the  year  1801,  it  was  increased  to  $833.33  ;  in  the  year 
1806,  to  $1000  ;  in  the  year  1815,  to  $1500 ;  in  the  year  1837,  to  $2000  ;  and  in 
the  year  1843,  it  was  reduced  to  $1500.  During  the  prevalence  of  the  paper  of 
the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth,  the  salaries  were  paid  in  that  currency,  which 
was  so  much  depreciated  as,  for  some  time,  to  reduce  the  value  of  each  salary  to 
about  $750. 

The  following  is  a  chronological  catalogue  of  the  names  of  all  who  have  been 
judges  of  the  Appellate  Court  of  Kentucky; 


CHIEF    JUSTICES. 


Harry  Innis, 

George  Muter, 
Thomas  Todd, 
Felix  Grundy, 
Ninian  Edwards, 
George  M.  Bibb, 


,  June  28,  1792 
Dec.  7,  1792 
Dec.  13,  1806 
April  11,  1807 
Jan.  5,  1808 
May   30,  1809 


John  Bovle,  com.  M'ch  20,  1810 

George  M.  Bibb,*  "  Jan.  5,  1827 
George  Robertson,  "  Dec.  24,  1829 
E.  M.  Ewing,  "     April  7,  1843 

Thos.  A.  Marshall,     "     June    1,  1847 
*  Resigned  Dec.  23, 1828. 


Benj.  Sebastian, 
Caleb  Wallace, 
Thomas  Todd, 
Felix  Grundy, 
Ninian  Edwards, 
Robert  Trimble, 
William  Logan,* 
George  M.  Bibb, 
John  Boyle, 
William  Logan, 
James  Clark, 


com.  June  28,  1792 

"  June  28,  1793 

"  Dec.  19,  1801 

"  Dec.  10,  1806 

"  Dec.  13,  1806 

"  April  13,  1807 

"  Jan.    11,  1808 

"  Jan.  31,  1808 

"  April    1,  1809 

"  Jan.   20,  1810 

"  M'ch  29, 1810 

*  Resigned  Ja 


William  Owsley,    com. 
John  Rowan,  " 

Benjamin  Mills, 
George  Robertson,  " 
Jos.  R.  Underwood,  " 
Richard  A.  Buckner,  " 
Samuel  S.  Nicholas, " 
Ephraim  M.  Ewing,  " 
Thos.  A.  Marshall,  " 
Daniel  Breck,  " 

James  Simpson,         " 
uary  30, 180S. 


April  8.  1810 
Jan.  14,  1819 
Feb.  16,  1820 
Dec.  24,  1828 
Dec.  24,  1828 
Dec.  21,  1829 
Dec.  23,  1831 
March  5,  1835 
M'ch  18,  1835 
April  7,  1843 
June      7,  1847 


Of  the  chief  justices.  Muter,  Boyle,  and  Robertson  were  in  commission,  collec- 
tively, about  41  years — Muter  for  about  11,  Boyle  16,  and  Robertson  nearly  14 
years;  and  of  all  the  justices  of  the  court,  Logan,  Mills,  and  Owsley  held  their 
stations  longest. 

In  the  year  1803,  Muter,  very  poor  and  rather  superannuated,  was  induced  to 
resign  by  a  promise  of  an  annuity  of  $300,  which,  being  guarantied  by  an  act  of 
the  legislature  in  good  faith,  was  complained  of  as  an  odious  and  unconstituiional 
'•promswn,"  and  was  taken  away  by  a  repealing  act  of  the  next  year. 

Under  the  first  constitution  of  1792,  the  appellate  judges  were  required  to  state! 
in  their  opinions  such  facts  and  authorities  as  should  be  necessary  to  expose  the 
principle  of  each  decision.  But  no  mode  of  reporting  the  decisions  was  provided! 
by  legislative  enactment  until  1815,  when  the  governor  was  authorized  to  appoint! 
a  reporter.  Previously  to  that  time,  James  Hughes,  an  eminent  "land  lawyer,'" 
had,  at  his  own  expense,  published  a  volume  of  the  decisions  of  the  old  DistrictI 
Court  of  Kentucky  whilst  an  integral  portion  of  Virginia,  and  of  the  Court  off 
Appeals  of  Kentucky,  rendered  in  suits  for  land — commencing  in  1785  and  end- 
ing in  1801  :  Achilles  Sneed,  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  had,  in  1805,  under] 
the  authority  of  that  court,  published  a  small  volume  of  miscellaneous  opinions, 
copied  from  the  court's  order  book;  and  Martin  D.Hardin,  a  distinguished  1 
lawyer,  had,  in  1810,  published  a  volume  of  the  decisions  from  1805  to  If 
the  instance  of  the  court  in  execution  of  a  legislative  injunction  of  1807,  requiring  ] 
the  judges  to  select  a  reporter.  George  M.  Bibb  was  the  first  reporter  appointed  j 
by  the  Governor.     His  reports,  in  four  volumes,  include  opinions  from  180S  to  ' 


COURT  OF  APPEALS.  499 

i809.  Alexander  K.  Marshall,  William  Littell,  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  John  J. 
Marshall,  James  Dana,  and  Benjamin  Monroe  were,  successively,  appointed,  and 
reported  afterwards.  The  reports  of  the  first,  are  in  three  volumes — of  the  second, 
in  six — of  the  third,  in  seven — of  the  fourth,  in  seven — of  the  fifth,  in  nine — and 
the  last,  who  is  yet  the  reporter,  has  published  seven  volumes.  Consequently, 
there  are  now  forty-six  volumes  of  reported  decisions  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of 
Kentucky.  Of  these  reports,  Hardin's,  Bibb's,  and  Dana's  are  most  accurate— 
Littell's,  Thomas  B.  Monroe's  and  Ben.  Monroe's  next.  Those  of  both  the 
Marshall's  are  signally  incorrect  and  deficient  in  execution.  Dana's  in  execution 
and  in  the  character  of  the  cases,  are  generally  deemed  the  best.  Of  the  decis- 
ions in  Dana,  it  has  been  reported  of  Judge  Story  that  he  said  they  were  the  best 
in  the  Union — and  of  Chancellor  Kent,  that  he  said  he  knew  no  state  decisions 
superior  to  them.  And  that  eminent  jurist,  in  the  last  edition  of  his  Commenta- 
ries, has  made  frequent  reference  to  opinions  of  chief  justice  Robertson,  and  has 
commended  them  in  very  flattering  terms. 

The  comprehensive  jurisdiction  of  the  court  imposes  upon  it  duties  peculiarly 
onerous.  An  act  of  Assembly  of  1796,  confers  on  this  Appellate  Court  jurisdic- 
tion of  appeal  or  writ  of  error,  "in  cases  in  which  the  inferior  courts  have  juris- 
diction." A  writ  of  error  may  be  issued  to  reverse  a  judgment  or  decree  for  one 
cent;  but,  by  an  act  of  1796,  no  appeal  can  be  prosecuted  to  reverse  a  judgment 
or  decree,  unless  it  relate  to  a  franchise  or  freehold,  or  (if  it  do  not)  unless  the 
amount  of  it,  "exclusive  of  costs,"  be  at  least  $100.  But  in  cases  of  decretal 
divorces,  and  in  fines  for  riots  and  routs,  the  legislature  has  denied  to  the  court 
any  revising  jurisdiction.  Still,  although  it  has  no  original  jurisdiction  excepting 
only  in  the  trial  of  clerks,  and  although  it  has  no  criminal  jurisdiction  in  any 
case  of  felony,  the  average  number  of  its  annual  decisions  has,  for  many  years, 
been  about  five  hundred.  The  court  is  required  to  hold  two  terms  in  each  year — 
one  commencing  the  first  Monday  in  May,  the  other  the  first  Monday  in  Septem- 
ber; and  no  term  is  allowed  to  be  less  than  forty-eight  juridical  days.  By  a  rule 
of  court,  any  party  may  appear  either  by  himself  or  his  counsel,  and  in  person  or 
by^brief.     And  a  majority  of  the  cases  have  been  decided  without  oral  argument. 

A  statute  of  1816  enacted,  that  "  all  reports  of  cases  decided  in  England  since 
the  4th  of  July,  1776,  should  not  be  read  in  court  or  cited  by  the  court."  The 
object  of  this  strange  enactment  was  to  interdict  the  use  of  any  British  decision 
since  the  declaration  of  American  independence.  The  statute,  however,  literally 
imports,  not  that  no  such  decision  shall  be  read,  but  that  "  a//"  shall  not  be.  And 
this  self-destructive  phraseology  harmonises  with  the  purpose  of  the  act — that  is, 
to  smother  the  Tight  of  science  and  stop  the  growth  of  jurisprudence.  But  for 
many  years,  the  Court  of  Appeals  inflexibly  enforced  the  statute — not  in  its  let- 
ter, but  in  its  aim.  In  the  reports,  however,  of  J.  J.  Marshall,  and  Dana,  and 
Ben.  Monroe,  copious  references  are  made  (without  regard  to  this  interdict)  to 
post-revolutionary  cases  and  treatises  in  England,  and  now  that  statute  may  be 
considered  dead. 

The  Appellate  Court  of  Kentucky  has  generally  been  able,  and  always  firm, 
pure,  and  faithful.  It  has  been  illustrated  by  some  names  that  would  adorn  any 
bench  of  justice  or  age  of  jurisprudence.  And  it  might  have  been  oftener  filled 
by  such  jurists,  had  not  a  suicidal  parsimony  withheld  from  the  judges  an  ade- 
quate compensation  for  the  talents,  learning,  labor,  and  responsibility  which  the 
best  interests  of  the  commonwealth  demand  for  the  judicial  service,  in  a  court 
appointed  to  guard  the  rights  and  the  liberties  of  the  people,  and  to  settle  con- 
clusively the  laws  of  the  commonwealth. 


The  foregoing  Sketch  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Kentucky  was  prepared 
for  the  original  edition  of  this  work,  in  1847,  by  ex-chief  justice  George 
KoBEKTSON.  He  w;is  selected  for  the  purpose,  by  Judge  Collins,  and  invited 
to  write  the  sketch,  as  of  all  men  living  probably  the  best  qualified  to  prepare 
it.  He  was  then  in  bis  prime,  ."JT  years  old;  had  been  upon  that  benoli  more 
than  fourteen  years,  its  chief  justice  for  more  than  thirteen  years;  had  been 
— not  a  silent  and  interested  observer  merely — but  an  actor  and  leader  in  the 
thrilling  scenes  and  trying  times  when  that  court  stood  up  as  a  breakwater, 


500 


COURT  OF  APPEALS. 


in  the  wildest  of  civil  storms,  against  the  most  tempestuous  waves  that  ever 
threatened  the  public  safety,  the  law  and  order,  and  tranquillity  of  the  State. 
He  felt  a  delicacy  about  writing  it,  for  he  must  needs  speak  of  himself;  but 
he  consented,  upon  Judge  Collins'  assurance  that  the  author's  name  should 
not  be  published  with  it.  The  proper  acknowledgment  was  given,  in  the 
Preface,  by  saying  it  was  contributed  by  "  a  distinguished  citizen  of  the 
State." 

The  author  of  the  present  work  appealed  to  Judge  Robertson,  in  1871, 
while  an  invalid  in  body  but  his  mind  still  "  clear  as  a  bell,"  to  take  up  the 
tliread  of  the  sketch,  where  he  had  dropped  it  in  1846,  and  weave  it  complete 
— that  it  might  be  entirely  his  handiwork.  He  was  gratified  at  the  compli- 
ment, but  thought  most  prudent  to  decline. 

From  the  date  of  the  foregoing  sketch,  in  1847,  until  the  important  change 
in  the  construction  of  the  court  in  1851,  under  the  new  Constitution  of  1850, 
only  one  change  upon  the  bench  occurred ;  Judge  Ewing  resigned,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Asher  W.  Graham,  who  was  commissioned  May,  1849. 

The  following  is  a  chronological  catalogue  of  all  who  have  been  judges  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Kentucky  since  June,  1847 — (continued,  from  the 
list  on  page  498).  The  dates  in  August  are  all  the  first  Monday,  and  those 
in  May,  1851,  the  second  Monday  : 


CHIEF  JUSTICES. 
James  Simpson... June,  1851  to  Aug.,  1852 

Elijah  Hise Aug.,  1852  to  Aug.,  1854 

Thos.  A.  Marshall.  Aug.,  1854  to  Aug.,  1856 
B.  Mills  Crenshaw*. Aug., 1856toMay5,1857 
ZachariahWheat.Junel5,1857toAug.,1858 
James  Simpson. ..Aug.,  1858  to  Aug.,  1860 
Henry  J.  Stites...Aug.,  1860  to  Aug.,  1862 

Alvin  Duvall Aug.,  1862  to  Aug.,  1864 

Joshua  F.  Bullittt...Aug.,1864toJune.,1865 
WiIliamSampsonl|.June5,1865toFeb.5,1866 
Thos.A.Marshall..Feb.l2,1866toAug.,1866 
BelvardJ.Peters...Aug.,  1866  to  Aug.,  1868 
RufusK. Williams. Aug.,  1868  to  Aug.,  1870 
GeorgeRobertsong..Aug.,1870toSept.6,18n 
William  S.  Pryor....Sept.6,1871toAug.,]872 
MordecaiR.Hardin...Aug.,1872toAug.,1874 
Belvard  J.  Peters Aug.,1874toAug.,1876 


by  address,  June  : 


JUDGES. 

Asher  W.  Graham com'd  May  1,  1849 

James  Simpson. ..May,  1851  to  Aug.,  1852 

Elijah  Hise May,  1851  to  Aug.,  1854 

Thos.  A.  Marshall. May,  1851  to  Aug.,  1356 
B.MillsCrenshaw»...May,1851toMay5,1857 
James  Simpson....Aug.,  1852  to  Aug.,  1860 

HenryJ.Stites Aug.,  1854  to  Aug.,  1862 

Alvin  Duvall Aug.,  1856  to  Aug.,  1864 

Zachariah  Wheat. Junel5,1857to Aug.,  1 858 
HenryC.Woodt..Aug.,  1858  to  Feb. 11,1861 
Belvard  J.  Peters. Aug.,  1860  to  Aug.,  1868 
JoshuaF.Bullittt.M'ch20,1861toJune,1865 
RufusK.Williams.Aug.,  1862  to  Aug., 1870 
George  Jlobertson^.Aug.,1864toSept.5,1871 
William  Sampson...June5,lS65toAug.,1865 
William  Samp30n...Aug.,1865  toFeb.5,1866 
Thos.A.Mar3hall..Feb.l2,1866toAug.,lS66 
MordecaiR.Hardin..Aug.,1866toAug.,1874 

Belvard  J. Peters Aug., 1868toAug., 1876 

William  Lindsay... .Aug.,1870toAug.,1878 
William  S.  Pryor...Sept.6,1871toAug.,1872 
William  S.  Pryor....Aug.,1872  toAug.,1880 
Sept.5,  fs71.  '  Martin  H.  Cofer.. Aug.,  1874  to  Aug.,  1882 

Under  tlje  new  Constitution,  the  court  of  appeals— which  has  appellate 
jurisdiction  only,  co-extensive  with  the  State — consists  of  four  judges,  elected 
by  the  people,  one  each  second  year,  for  a  term  of  eight  years ;  the  last  two 
years  of  which  the  incumbent  shall  be  chief  justice ;  compensation  is  not  to 
be  diminished  during  their  term  of  office ;  each  of  four  appellate  districts 
elects  one  judge,  alternately;  vacancies  are  to  be  filled  by  election,  but  if 
the  unexpired  "term  be  less  than  one  year  the  governor  appoints  the  judge; 
the  qualifications  are — citizenship,  two  years'  residence,  at  least  30  years  of 
age,  and  eight  years'  practice  (inclusive  of  service,  if  any,  upon  the  bench  of 
a  court  of  record)  ;  its  sessions  to  be  held  at  the  seat  of  government,  but  the 
legislature  may  change  the  location.  Appeals  lie  whenever  the  amount  in 
controversy  is  $100,  "in  all  but  a  few  excepted  cases.  Of  these,  one  was 
felony  ;  but  since  the  criminal  code  of  July  1, 1854,  repealing  this  exception, 
many  cases  have  been  appealed,  and  some  most  important  decisions  rendered 
upon  intricate  points  of  criminal  law. 

If  the  court  is  equally  divided  in  the  decision  of  a  cause,  the  judgment 
of  the  inferior  court  stands  affirmed.  Two  terms  were  held  annually,  begin- 
ning on  the  first  Mondays  in  June  and  December,  until  the  new  General 
Statutes  went  into  effect,  Dec.  1,  1873  ;  since  when,  the  court  fixes  the  terms, 
and  is  to  sit,  if  necessary,  every  juridical  day  except  in  July  and  August.    The 


J  Removi 

160,  161,  ante. 

i  Resigned 


COURT  OF  APPEALS.  501 

court  directs  which  of  its  decisions  shall  be  published,  and  elects  the  Re- 
porter biennially- — to  whom  the  State  formerly  paid  $1,  but  now  pays  $1.50 
for  every  100  pages  of,  formerly  200,  but  now  300  copies  of  his  bound  reports, 
for  State  use.  His  further  compensation  comes  from  the  private  sales  of  his 
reports. 

The  following  is  a  chronological  catalogue  of  the  Reports  and  Reporters  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals : 

REPORTS  AND    REPORTERS  OF  KENTUCKY. 

Hughes'  Reports,  1  vol By  James  Hughes,  1785-1801,  7  years. 

Piinted  Decisions  (Saeed's  Reports),  1  vol...By  Achilles  Sneed,  1801-05,  4  years. 

Hardin's  Reports,  1  vol By  Martin  D.  Hardin,  1805-08,  3  years. 

Bihb's  Reports,  4  vols By  George  M.  Bibb,  1808-17,  9  years. 

Marshall's  Reports,  3  vols By  Alex.  K.  Marshall,  1817-21,  4  years. 

Littell's  Reports,  5  vols By  William  Littell,  1822-24,  3  years. 

Littell's  Select  Cases,  1  vol By  William  Littell,  1795-1821. 

Monroe's  Reports,  7  vols By  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  1824-28,  5  years. 

J.J.  Marshall's  Reports,  7  vols By  John  J.  Marshall,  1829-32,  4  years. 

Dana's  Reports,  9  vols By  James  Dana,  1833-40,  7  years. 

Ben.  Monroe's  Reports,  18  vols By  Ben.  Monroe,  1840-58,  18  years. 

Metcalfe's  Reports,  4  vols By  James  P.  Metcalfe,  1859-63,  4  years. 

Duvall's  Reports,  2  vols By  Alvin  Duvall,  1863-(i6,  3  years. 

Bush's  Reports,  8  vols By  M'm.  P.  D.  Bush,  1866-72,  fi  years. 

Bush's  9th  volume  was  passing  through  the  press,  in  July,  1874. 

The  salary  of  the  judges  was  reduced  to  $1,500,  in  1843  ;  was  raised  March 
9,  1854  to  $2,000;  Jan.  1,  1866  to  $2,700;  Jan.  1,  1867  to  $4,000,  and  the 
terms  increased  to  100  juridical  days  ;  Jan.  30,  1871  to  $5,000,  and  the  terms 
abolished — the  court  to  sit  every  juridical  day,  if  the  business  requires,  ex- 
cept the  months  of  July  and  August,  and  from  Deo.  23  to  Jan.  2.  The 
salary  of  circuit  judges  was  $1,400  in  1851;  raised  on  March  9,  1854,  to 
$1,800;  Feb.,  1865,  to  $2,000;  Jan.  1,  1866,  to  $2,200;  again  raised;  and  on 
Feb.  II,  1871,  raised  to  $3,000. 

On  Nov.  21,  1865,  the  olEce,  at  Frankfort,  of  the  clerk  of  the  court  of  ap- 
peals and  several  other  ofiSces  were  destroyed  by  fire :  consuming  all  the 
books  and  records  of  the  court  then  in  the  office.     [See  ante,  p.  165.] 

In  the  case  of  (rriswold  vs.  Hepburn,  2  Duvall,  20,  decided  June  17,  1865 
Judge  Robertson  delivered  the  opinion  of  the  majority  of  the  court  (3  out  of 
4) ;  Judge  Williams  dissenting.  The  court  decided  that  so  much  of  the  act 
of  congress  of  Feb.  25,  1862,  as  enacted  that  "United  States  treasury  notes 
(authorized  by  that  act)  shall  also  be  lawful  money,  and  a  legal  tender  in 
payment  of  all  debts,  public  and  private,  in  the  United  States,"  on  private 
contract,  was  clearly  unconstitutional.  Congress  and  the  States  are  alike 
prohibited  from  making  anything  but  coined  money  a  legal  tender;  no  State 
shall  coin  money  ;  Congress  alone  has  that  power.  To  make  treasury  notes  a 
legal  tender  in  satisfaction  of  a  contract  for  money,  deriving  its  obligation 
from  State  laws,  unconstitutionally  impairs  the  obligation  of  the  contract. 
Congress  has  no  power  to  pass  laws  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts, 
beyond  the  expressly  granted  power  over  bankruptcy. 

On  Sept.  29,  1866,  in  Hall  vs.  Hiles,  2  Bush,  532,  the  court  decided  that 
inasmuch  as— since  the  legal  tender  enactment  of  Feb.  25,  1862 — gold,  silver, 
&c.,  and  legal  tender  notes  of  the  United  States,  have  different  marketable 
values,  contracts  to  pay  in  gold  or  silver,  ifec,  should  be  specifically  enforced 
by  the  courts. 

The  court  has  decided  many  other  questions  entirely  new  in  American 
jurisprudence,  and  not  a  few  never  passed  upon  in  any  court  in  the  world — 
most  of  them  growing  out  of  the  civil  war,  or  out  of  the  actions  and  practice 
introduced  by  the  civil  and  criminal  codes.  Its  contributions  to  the  juris- 
prudence of  the  country  have  continued  since  1847,  as  before,  fresh,  discrimi- 
nating, and  important;  and  have  maintained  the  high  character  of  a  court 
theretofore  renowned  all  over  the  United  States,  and  favorably  known  in 
England,  for  the  eminence  of  its  jurists,  and  for  its  sound  and  able  expositions 
of  the  law  and  the  Constitution.  Kentucky  has  had  good  reason  to  be  proud 
of  her  supremo  court,  the  Court  of  Appeals. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


PUBLIC  EDUCATION  IN  KENTUCKY. 


The  Statutes  of  Kentucky  show  that  the  first  experiments  to  extend  the 
fostering  aid  and  care  of  State  patronage  to  the  interests  of  general  education 
were  made  nearly  three-quarters  of  a  century  ago.  An  act  of  the  Legislature, 
approved  February  10,  1798,  donated  and  set  apart,  of  the  public  lands  of  the 
Commonwealth,  6000  acres  each,  for  the  benefit  and  support  of  Franklin, 
Salem,  and  Kentucky  Academies,  and  for  Lexington  and  Jetferson  Seminaries. 
Similar  acts  were  approved  December  21,  1805,  and  January  27,  1808,  embrac- 
ing like  provisions,  and  extending  them  to  all  the  existing  counties  of  the  State. 
Within  twenty  years  from  the  passage  of  the  first  act  above,  the  following  ad- 
ditional academies  and  seminaries  were  endowed  with  the  grant  of  6000  acres 
each :  Shelby,  Logan,  Ohio,  Madison,  New  Athens,  Bethel,  Bourbon,  Bracken, 
Bullitt,  Fleming,  Hardin,  Harrison,  Harrodsburg,  Lancaster,  Montgomery,  New- 
port, Newton,  Rittenhouse,  Stanford,  Washington,  Winchester,  Woodford,  Som- 
erset, Transylvania,  Glasgow,  Greenville,  Liberty,  Rockcastle,  Lebanon,  Knox, 
Boone,  Clay,  Estill,  Henry,  Greenup,  Grayson,  Warren,  Breckinridge,  Caldwell, 
Gallatin,  Henderson,  Union,  Adair,  Allen,  Daviess,  and  Pendleton. 

A  law  provided  "that  all  the  lands  lying  within  the  bounds  of  this  Com- 
monwealth on  the  south  side  of  Cumberland  river,  and  below  Obed's  river, 
now  vacant,  etc.,  shall  be  reserved  for  the  endowment  and  use  of  seminaries 
of  learning  throughout  the  Commonwealth."  The  county  courts  of  the  several 
counties  were  authorized  to  have  surveyed,  located,  and  patented  within  their 
respective  counties,  or  within  the  above  reserve,  or  elsewhere  in  the  State,  6000 
acres  each  for  Seminary  purposes,  and  all  such  lands  were  exempted  from 
taxation.  These  grants  were  noble  in  purpose  and  liberal  in  plan.  But  by 
subsequent  ill-considered  and  unwise  acts,  the  lands  were  allowed  to  be  sold 
by  county  authorities ;  and  the  proceeds  of  sales,  in  the  hands  of  self-existing 
and  self-perpetuating  trusteeships,  were  prodigally  expended  and  squandered 
in  every  conceivable  way.  In  some  counties  these  proceeds  are  altogether  lost 
to  view;  in  others,  the  remains  are  lodged  in  the  hands  of  the  trustees  ap- 
pointed, and  forgotten  or  neglected  by  the  interested  public ;  while  in  others, 
again,  these  remains  of  funds  or  lands  are  yet  held  for  their  original  uses  by 
the  trustees.  But,  for  the  want  of  wise  laws  and  more  competent  and  guarded 
management,  a  great  plan,  and  its  means  of  success,  for  the  establishment  and 
support  of  a  system  of  public  seminaries  of  a  high  order  in  each  county,  was 
rendered  an  abortive  failure.  It  has  been  affirmed  that  in  a  single  county, 
these  lands,  if  they  had  been  held  and  rented  or  leased  out,  could  now  be  sold 
for  near  $500,000.  This  is  an  extreme  instance,  but  we  may  safely  assume 
that  the  lands  might  have  been  made  to  realize  a  permanent  and  producing 
average  school  fund  of  $60,000  in  each  county,  under  proper  direction  and 
control. 

An  act  of  December  18,  1821,  provided  that  one-half  the  net  profits  of  the 
Bank  of  the  Commonwealth  should  be  set  apart  as  the  "  Literary  Fund,"  to 
be  distributed  in  just  proportions  to  the  counties  of  the  State  for  the  support 
of  a  general  system  of  education,  under  legislative  direction;  and  that  one- 
half  of  the  net  profits  of  the  branch  banks  at  Lexington,  Danville,  and  Bowl- 
ing Green,  should  be  donated  to  Transylvania  University,  Center  College,  and 
the  Southern  College  of  Kentucky,  respectively.  Until  the  failure  of  the  old 
Commonwealth's  Bank  of  Kentucky,  a  few  years  later,  this  last  appropriation 
yielded  about  $60,000  per  annum. 

Hons.  Wm.  T.  Barry,  J.  R.  Witherspoon,  D.  R.  Murray,  and  John  Pope, 
from  a  committee  appointed  at  the  same  time  to  confer  with  eminent  educators, 
collect  information,  and  prepare  a  plan  of  common  schools,  to  be  supported 
(502) 


PUBLIC   EDUCATION   IN   KENTUCKY.  503 

by  these  revenues,  made  an  able  and  elaborate  report  to  the  next  General  As- 
sembly in  1822,  with  an  accompanying  report  from  Hon.  Geo.  Robertson.  In 
the  report  of  the  Committee  they  publish  most  able  and  instructive  letters  in 
advocacy  of  public  education,  as  an  essential  element  of  good  statesmanship, 
and  as  incidental  to  the  successful  maintenance  of  republican  institutions, 
from  Ex-Presidents  John  Adams,  Thomas  Jetferson,  James  Madison,  and  from 
Hon.  Kobert  G.  Payne.  Though  the  report  of  the  Committee  vras  sent  in  to 
the  Legislature  with  an  approving  message  by  Gov.  Adair,  that  honorable 
body  failed  to  improve  the  occasion  and  to  pass  suitable  laws  in  behalf  of  the 
great  interests  involved. 

It  is  a  singular  phenomenon  of  the  history  of  the  internal  economy  of  our 
State  for  seventy  years,  that  our  main  attempts  at  internal  improvement  and 
public  education,  at  State  expense,  and  under  State  superintendence,  have 
been  embarrassed  or  defeated  almost  wholly  by  the  misdirection  and  misman- 
agement of  incompetent  legislation. 

About  the  same  time  resolutions  were  passed  by  the  Legislature  requesting 
our  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congi-ess  to  advocate  a  bill  for  distribut- 
ing the  proceeds  of  the  public  lands  to  the  older  States — as  the  newer  States 
had  been  greatly  favored  by  (Congressional  grants — "/or  the  purposes  of  edu- 
cation." The  resolutions  went  on  to  state  the  fact  that  15,000,000  acres  had 
been  donated  to  the  new  States,  and  that  10,000,000  should  now  be  granted  to 
the  older,  to  establish  a  just  equilibrium;  and  that  1,000,000  should  be  ap- 
propriated to  Kentucky,  for  the  purposes  named. 

It  was  not,  however,  until  the  act  of  Congress  approved  June  23,  1836,  that 
any  practical  results  were  attained  by  the  importunities  of  the  State.  Instead 
of  land.  Congress  apportioned  about  $1.5,000,000  of  surplus  money  in  the  Treas- 
ury to  the  several  older  States,  in  the  form  of  a  loan — of  which  Kentucky's  share 
was  $1,433,757.  Though  no  provision  of  the  law  imposed  on  our  State  the  obli- 
gation to  devote  this  fund  exclusively  to  "purposes  of  education,"  yet  it  was 
asked  on  this  plea,  and  granted  with  this  expectancy.  Yet,  by  act  of  February 
23,  1837,  $1,000,000  only  of  the  fund  was  set  apart  as  the  financial  basis  of  our 
educational  system;  and,  by  actof  February  16, 1868, this  amount  was  actually 
reduced  to  $850,000.  This  is  the  origin  and  principal  resource  of  our  perma- 
nently-invested school  fund,  from  the  interest  of  which,  for  many  years,  we  de- 
rived our  only  public  school  revenues,  and  from  which  a  portion  of  our  annual 
school  revenues  are  now  derived.  By  accumulations  of  unexpended  surplus  from 
year  to  year,  and  the  continual  addition  of  this  to  the  principal  this  permanent 
fund  is  now  $1,327,000. 

In  1838  the  first  law  was  enacted  for  the  establishment  of  a  general  system 
of  Common  Schools  in  Kentucky ;  but,  for  ten  years,  the  system  languished  and 
struggled  with  feeble  life  and  doubtful  success,  under  the  ruthless  hands  of  un- 


sympathizing  and  crude  legislation.  The  State  treasury  and  credit  bega 
weaken  and  totter  under  the  ill-advised  system  of  internal  improvements  into 
which  tlie  State  had  embarked,  and  by  which  she  was  lavishing  her  finances 
on  a  multitude  of  isolated  experiments,  with  the  prospect  of  finishing  nothing. 
The  revenues  of  the  school  fund  were  the  first  to  sufier.  As  early  as  1840, 
the  Commissioners  of  the  Sinking  Fund  declined  payment  of  the  interest  on 
the  school  bond  due  by  the  State,  when  a  deficit  occurred  in  the  Treasury, 
and  the  Legislature  sustained  the  action  on  the  plea  that,  as  it  was  in  the  na- 
ture of  a  debt  due  herself  by  the  State,  there  was  no  loss  of  credit  in  refusing 
payment,  or  repudiation.  Up  to  1843,  there  had  been  paid,  for  the  benefit  of 
common  schools,  $2,504,  while  there  was  $116,375  of  interest  due  and  unpaid. 
By  act  approved  February  10,  1845,  all  the  school  bonds  were  required  to  be 
delivered  to  the  Governor,  to  be  burned  in  the  presence  of  the  Auditor  and 
Treasurer,  and  duplicate  lists  of  the  same  ordered  to  be  made  out,  but  not 
deliverable  or  transferable.  It  was  on  account  of  this  spirit  of  inconsiderate 
and  unjust  spoliation  that  the  resentment  of  the  friends  of  common  schools 
was  aroused  in  opposition  to  the  legislative  policy. 

By  the  indefatigable  efforts  of  Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  then 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  an  act  was  passed,  in  1847-8,  directing 
the  Governor  to  issue  a  new  bond  for  all  arrears  of  interest  due,  and  also  pro- 
viding for  the  submission  of  a  proposition  to  a  vote  of  the  people  to  levy  a  tax 


504  HISTORICAL   SKETCH   OF 

of  two  cents  on  the  one  hundred  dollars,  to  increase  the  revenues  for  common 
school  purposes.  Both  objects  were  realized.  The  people  ratified  the  propo- 
sition for  iin  ad  valorem  tax  of  two  cents  by  a  majority  of  36,882  votes. 

Beginning  in  the  fall  of  1849,  the  Convention  for  framing  a  new  constitu- 
tion for  the  State  of  Kentucky  was  held.  Fortunately,  owing  to  the  able  and 
eloquent  advocacy  of  Messrs.  Larkin  J.  Proctor,  John  D.  Taylor,  William  K. 
Bowling,  Ira  Root,  Thomas  J.  Hood,  and  Charles  A.  Wickliffe,  members  of  the 
.Convention,  the  school  funds  for  which  the  State  had  executed  her  bonds  to 
the  State  Board  of  Education  were  forever  dedicated  to  common  school  pur- 
poses in  tlie  terms  of  the  Eleventh  Article,  together  with  all  other  funds  which 
may  be  hereafter  raised  for  said  purposes. 

One  of  the  fiercest  and  most  spirited  contests  of  the  day,  however,  was  sprung 
between  Governor  John  L.  Helm  and  Superintendent  Rev  Dr.  Breckinridge, 
during  the  session  of  1S50-1,  over  the  question  as  to  "whether  or  not  the 
common  school  fund  should  be  considered  a  part  of  the  regular  State  debt, 
the  interest  of  which  was  payable  out  of  the  Sinking  Fund?"  The  question 
was  of  the  more  importance  because  of  the  yet  embarra.ssed  condition  of  the 
State  finances.  If  the  interest  on  the  school  bonds  should  be  decided  not  pay- 
able out  of  the  Sinking  Fund,  it  became  necessary  to  increase  the  taxes  by  a 
special  levy  to  meet  this  annual  liability  of  nearly  $80,000,  which  would  prob- 
ably make  the  common  school  system  unpopular.  The  point  was  hotly  dis- 
cussed and  ably  championed  on  either  side  by  the  distinguished  heads  of  the 
two  Departments.  The  Legislature  took  up  the  issue,  and  a  large  portion  of 
their  time  was  occupied  during  the  winter  with  the  discussion  of  it.  Finally, 
Senator  Magoffin  (since  Governor)  introduced  a  bill  directing  the  commission- 
ers of  the  Sinking  Fund  to  pay  out  of  said  Fund  the  interest  due  from  year 
to  year  on  the  school  fund  bonds,  which  was  passed,  but  vetoed  by  the  Gov- 
ernor. The  question  recurring  on  its  passage,  the  objections  of  the  Governor 
to  the  contrary  notwithstanding,  it  became  a  law  by  a  vote  of  28  to  6  in  the 
Senate,  and  64  to  26  in  the  House — to  the  great  honor  of  the  two  bodies. 

Excepting  that,  in  1855,  the  people,  by  a  majority  of  57,980  votes  out  of  a 
total  of  109,492  votes  cast,  ratified  a  proposition  to  increase  the  ad  valorem  tax 
from  two  to  five  cents,  but  little  organic  change  was  made  in  the  school  system 
until  after  the  close  of  our  recent  civil  war.  It  was  well  administered,  in  the 
hands  of  able  and  faithful  Superintendents,  and  steadily  progressed  with  nat- 
ural life  and  growth,  until  the  restoration  of  peace  and  comparative  order  in 
our  Commonwealth  seemed  to  justify  an  attempt  at  a  general  reform  and  in- 
crease of  financial  endowment. 

In  the  foil  of  1867,  on  the  accession  of  Zach.  F.  Smith  to  the  office  of  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction,  he  projected  and  planned  a  series  of  bold  and 
liberal  reforms  for  the  system  of  common  schools,  designed  to  secure  an  ample 
endowment  of  money,  and  to  introduce  measures  of  improvement  in  the  or- 
ganic laws,  which  would  place  our  educational  rephrte  on  a  scale  of  excellence 
and  efficiency  equal  to  the  best  in  the  United  States.  His  programme  of  ac- 
tion and  development  was  set  forth  in  a  special  report,  prepared  by  the  first 
of  December,  1867,  and  made  an  accompanying  document  by  Governor  Ste- 
venson, in  his  message  to  the  Legislature  at  that  date.  Superintendent  Smith 
advocated  the  immediate  increase  of  the  ad  valorem  tax  for  school  purposes, 
from  five  to  the  maximum  of  twenty  cents,  the  addition  of  a  poll  tax  of  one 
or  two  dollars  per  head,  and  the  privilege  given  in  the  law  to  the  people  of 
any  county,  district,  town,  or  city,  to  vote  an  additional  ad  valorem  local  tax 
of  thirty  cents  to  build,  repair,  or  furnish  the  school-house,  pay  better  wages 
to  better  qualified  teachers,  or  extend  the  free  session  beyond  the  prescribed 
limits  of  the  law,  etc.  He,  at  the  same  time,  advocated  the  complete  remodel- 
ing of  the  law  and  reconstruction  of  the  old  and  effete  system — the  improve- 
ment of  school-house  accommodations — the  normal  training  of  the  teachers, 
and  the  organization  of  these  into  a  professional  class — the  consolidation  of 
districts,  aiid  the  extension  of  the  jurisdiction  of  district  boai-ds — the  enforced 
uniformity  of  text-books  in  the  schools — the  elevation  of  the  qualifications  of 
local  school  officers— the  encouragement  of  graded  schools  in  all  cities,  towns, 
and  populous  centers — and  the  extension  of  the  legal  session  of  the  common 
schools,  from  three  months,  to  five  or  six  months. 


PUBLIC   EDUCATION   IN   KENTUCKY.  505 

Early  in  the  session  of  1867-8,  lie  prepared  and  caused  to  be  introduced  a 
bill  inaugurative  of  this  programme  of  reform.  Great  opposition  was  aroused 
in  the  Legislature  to  the  measure,  under  many  and  varied  pretexts;  but  by 
vigilant  and  persistent  effort,  the  bill  was  passed  through  the  House  the  same 
session,  and  through  the  Senate  at  the  adjourned  session  of  the  winter  follow- 
ing—submitting at  the  August  election  of  1869,  for  popular  ratification,  the 
proposition  to  increase  the  ad  valorem  school  tax  fifteen  cents,  and,  in  the  event 
of  success,  instructing  the  Superintendent  to  draft  a  bill  for  a  new  school  law 
to  be  submitted  to  the  Legislature  of  1869-70.  Though  active  efforts  were 
made  to  prejudice  the  public  mind  against  the  proposition  during  the  canvass 
— at  a  time,  too,  when  it  was  peculiarly  morbid  and  apprehensive — yet  these 
were  counteracted  by  the  arguments  and  measures  of  the  Superintendent  and 
the  zealous  friends  throughout  the  State.  The  proposition  was  ratified  by  a 
majority  of  24,677  votes. 

The  last  step  was  reached  which,  if  rightly  and  boldly  taken,  would  have 
placed  our  Commonwealth  in  the  honorable  list  of  the  most  favored  among 
the  sisterhood  of  States,  in  her  educational  provisions — the  enactment  of  a 
wise,  efficient,  and  liberal  school  law.  A  bill  for  such  a  law  was  carefully 
prepared  and  presented  to  the  succeeding  Legislature  by  the  Superintendent. 
But  an  unfriendly  spirit  was  engendered,  which  led  it  to  reject  the  overtures 
for  a  liberal  policy,  for  the  present.  A  law  was  enacted,  however,  which, 
although  modeled  much  upon  the  provisions  of  the  old  one,  embodied  some 
features  of  improvement  over  any  former  policy.  Though  this  new  law  is  far 
below  the  standard  which  is  represented  in  the  modernized  systems"  of  mature 
and  studied  professional  experience  of  some  of  our  more  fortunate  States,  yet, 
with  the  large  increase  of  school  revenues  from  increased  taxation,  the  first 
year's  operations  under  it  developed  that  a  vital  and  grand  impetus  had  been 
given  to  our  common  school  interests  by  the  active  and  persevering  labors  of 
reform  between  the  years  1868  and  1871.  More  auspicious  even  than  these 
material  results,  a  profound  interest  on  the  subject  has  been  awakened  in  the 
public  mind  on  the  importance  of  a  liberal  educational  policy.  The  question 
has  been  forced  to  engross  a  considerable  share  of  the  proceedings  of  legisla- 
tion for  the  past  four  sessions,  and  has  been  carried  to  the  arena  of  journalistic 
discussion.  It  has  more  than  ever  attracted  the  attention  of  public  men  and  polit- 
ical parties,  and  can  not  any  longer  be  slighted  or  ignored  in  the  politics  of  the 
State.  This  interest  has  become  deep  and  widespread.  The  popular  demand  has 
grown  fierce  and  clamorous,  and  the  waves  of  agitation  refuse  to  be  quieted  until 
the  consummation  of  a  grand  and  efficient  school  system,  fully  endowed  and 
equipped  for  its  mission  of  statesmanship  and  philanthropy,  shall  honor  the 
name  of  Kentucky  throughout  the  civilized  world.  The  wheels  of  progress  do 
not  turn  backward  among  the  enlightened  and  free  of  earth ;  and  the  day  is  near 
at  hand  when  the  labors  of  the  friends  of  education  shall  be  crowned  with  emi- 
nent and  satisfactory  success,  and  the  hearts  of  parents  and  childi-en  made  glad 
with  the  proffered  and  priceless  heritage  of  free  and  universal  education. 

Of  the  material  results  of  the  first  year's  operations  under  the  effects  of  the 
late  school  reforms,  and  the  status  of  the  common  school  interests  in  1871, 
the  following  data  will  furnish  some  idea: 

The  number  of  white  pupil  children  reported  in  the  school  census  for  the 
State,  for  the  school  year  beginning  July  1,  1871,  is  405,719,  against  376,868 
reported  for  the  last  school  year  under  the  old  system,  ending  December  31, 
1869 — showing  an  increase  of  28,851  within  less  than  two  years. 

The  amount  of  school  fund  disbursed  for  the  year  1869 — the  last  under  the 
old  law — was  $282,948.61,  while  within  two  years  after,  under  the  operation 
of  the  more  liberal  policy,  the  amount  for  disbursement  was  increased  to 
$968,176.80. 

The  number  of  school  districts  reported  in  1869  was  4,477,  and  the  num- 
ber of  schools  taught,  4,477;  while  for  the  first  year  of  the  new  law  the  dis- 
tritts  reported  are  increased  to  5,177,  and  the  schools  taught,  to  5,068. 

The  legal  sessions  of  the  schools  up  to  1869  were  three  months  each;  while 
under  the  new  system,  and  by  the  increase  of  funds,  the  sessions  are  five  months 
each. 

Thus  the  aggregate  amount  of  schooling  given  has  been  more  than  doubled, 


506 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH   OF 


by  the  recent  liberal  and  energetic  policy,  throughout  the  State.  But  this  ad- 
vance is  fully  equaled  by  the  improvement  in  the  quality  of  the  education  given. 
While  the  old  system  only  secured  the  teachers  from  tvrelve  to  thirty  dollars 
per  month,  for  three  months,  the  new  guaranties  wages  from  thirty  to  forty-five 
dollars  per  month,  for  five  months.  Under  such  inducements,  a  far  superior 
class  of  teachers  have  conducted  the  common  schools,  and  a  far  superior  edu- 
cation has  been  given,  than  during  any  previous  year  of  our  common  school 
policy.  The  interest  awakened  in  the  public  mind  to  the  importance  of  a  lib- 
eral system  of  education,  the  stimulus  given  to  professional  pride  and  improve- 
ment among  teachers,  the  earnest  and  active  reformatory  steps  taken  by  the 
friends  of  education,  and  the  introduction  of  the  question  as  a  living  issue  in 
our  State  politics,  by  the  persistent  and  uncompromising  advocacy  of  the  past 
two  or  three  years,  are  an  earnest  that  the  animus  and  principles  are  at  work 
which  must  steadily  advance  our  system  of  popular  instruction  to  the  highest 
attainable  standard  of  excellency,  and,  in  time,  give  it  rank  with  the  best  sys- 
tems of  the  more  favored  States  of  the  Union. 

The  Sch<iol  Fund  proper,  on  July  1,  1871,  consisted  of  one  State  bond,  pay- 
able at  the  pleasure  of  the  Legislature,  bearing  interest  at  six  per  cent,  per 

annum,  for $1,327,000 

And  seven  hundred  and  thirty-five  shares  of  Bank  of  Kentucky  stock.        73,500 

Total „ $1,400,500 

Besides' the  interest  and  dividends  on  those  above,  the  revenues  of  the 
School  Fund  are  increased  by 

1.  An  annual  tax  of  five  cents  on  the  one  hundred  dollars  of  property. 

2.  An  additional  annual  tax  of  fifteen  cents  on  the  same,  which  was  col- 
lected for  the  first  time  in  1870. 

3.  A  tax  on  the  capital  stock  of  certain  banks  named  below. 

4.  A  tax  of  one  dollar  on  each  dog  over  six  months  old,  in  excess  of  two, 
kept  by  a  housekeeper;  or  in  excess  of  one,  if  kept  by  other  than  J  house- 
keeper. 

5.  Fines  and  forfeitures  for  gambling,  including  a  tax  on  billiard  tables. 

6.  The  proceeds  of  sales  of  certain  carriers,  over  and  above  charges. 

The  actual  receipts  from  these  sources  are  shown  in  the  following  com- 
parative tables,  which  exhibit  a  remarkable  increase — one  of  the  most  en- 
couraging features  of  the  growing  interest  in  the  education  of  the  masses.  It 
is  proper  to  state  that  in  order  to  make  out  the  pro  rata  coming  to  each  county 
for  educating  each  child  per  year,  and  authorize  the  school  trustees  to  make 
their  arrangements  for  fiiU  schools,  the  Hon.  D.  Howard  Smith,  Auditor  of 
State,  was  required  to  estimate — several  months  in  advance  of  its  collection  or 
payment — the  sums  which  could  probably  be  realized : 

Collected  for  years          Estimated  receipts  for 

ending  years  ending 

Dec.  31, 1868.  Dec.31,lS6J.  July  1,  1S71.  July  1, 1872. 

Amount  of  school  tax  collected  at  5  cents $176,179  $196,118 

Amount  of  school  tax,  as  per  valuation  of  pre- 
ceding year,  at  20  cents $812,551  $818,418 

From  interest  on  State  school  bond 67,013  67,013           67,003  132,036 

"           "         "    County  school  bonds 18,313  18,759 

"      dividends  on  stock  of  Bank  of  Kentucky       5,145  5,145             5,000  6,000 

"      ta.\— Farmer's  Bank  of  Kentucky  stock       8,500  8,500             8,500  8,50( 

"       "  —Bank  of  Ashland  stock 1,914  1,913                950  1,000 

"       "  —Bank  of  Shelbyville  stock 950  950 

"       "  —Commercial  Bank  of  Kentucky  do.       8,477  8,156             8,000  7,500 

"       "  -Farmers' and  Drovers' Bank  stock  500 
"       "  —German  Bank  and  Insurance  Co. 

stock 900 

"       "on  billiards 1,600  1,577            2,000  1,500 

"       "  on  dogs 3,152  1,995             2,000  2,000, 

"      sheriffs,  on  old  balances 10,000  15,0" 

Balance  from  Treasury  from  previous  year....     62,042  76,042           23,853  85,339] 

Total  of  actual  and  estimated  receipts.. ..$352,587      $385,419      $776,239     $968,176 


PUBLIC  EDUCATION  IN  KENTUCKY. 


507 


The  following  table  shows  the  yearly  progress  of  the  school  system  in  Ken- 
tucky, from  the  year  1841 — the  first  year  when  district  schools  appear  to  have 
been  regularly  reported — up  to  and  including  the  school  year  ending  July  1, 
1873,  a  period  of  32  years,  or  the  life-time  of  one  generation  : 


i 

J| 

1 

1 

jJl 

i 

III 

1. 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 
(5 

2 
i 

1 
1 

1 
=  1 

90 
92 
98 

99 

100 

101 
103 
104 
105 

110 

112 
114 

18 
23 
24 
37 
39 
39 
27 
44 
71 
98 

99 
101 
102 
103 
103 
104 
105 

110 

112 
114 

4,950 

10,221 

15,839 

17,538 

26,564 

27,845 

20,602 

31,501 

87,498 

178,559 

186,111 

194,963 

201,223 

207,210 

215,002 

243,025 

254,111 

267,712 

230,466 

286,370 

182,976 

158,989 

224,318 

249,920 

297,772 

334,566 

355,590 

358,002 

376,868 

389,836 

405,719 

416,763 

427,526 

2,160 

8;533 

8,294 

13,493 

13,053 

12,220 

20,418 

42,594 

73,110 

78,343 

69,825 

72,010 

76,429 

73,035 

92,367 

88,931 

97,001 

98,915 

107,219 

61,375 

43,654 

73,306 

80,986 

92,957 

104,481 

112,508 

102,534 

112,630 

120,866 

83 

81 

167 

197 

289 

314 

174 

410 

929 

2,707 

2,961 

2,994 

3,112 

3,257 

3,374 

3,888 

4,221 

4,457 

4,516 

2,631 

2,225 

1842 

1844 

■  ■■ 

1846 

173,968 
183,458 
192,990 
202,840 
205,557 
215,195 
220,645 
227,123 
229,424 

1848 

■ 

1850 

■ 

1852 

1854 



1856 



1859 

245,819 
246,810 
253,022 
249,122 
254,932 
267,268 
287,847 
306,481 
319,456 
335,155 
342,732 

155,772 

46,140 

:::::::: 

336,559 

1861 
1862 
1863 

92,558 
82,718 

32,441 
27,992 

347,188 
316,618 
233  985 

1865 

144,364 

48,280 

3,984 



278,232 
243,186 
289  654 

1867 



■ 

1868 
1869 
1870 

160,446 
169,477 
178,457 

51,430 
58,245 
51,285 

4,269 
4,477 
5,177 

.78 
.76 
2.00 
2.30 
2.20 
1.60 

254,808 
352,872 
310,548 

1872 

116  116 

898,660 

1873 

In  his  Common  School  Report  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1871,  Superinten- 
dent Smith  embodied  a  "  Manual  on  School  Houses  for  the  people  of  the  State," 
65  pages,  with  engravings,  floor  plans,  and  estimates  of  cost. 

The  honorable  and  responsible  position  of  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion has  been  successively  filled  by  the  following  distinguished  citizens,  repre- 
senting nearly  all  political  parties  and  nearly  all  religious  denominations  : 

Rev.  Joseph  J.  Bullock,  D.D Presbyterian. ..From  1837  to  1839. 

Kev.  Hubbard  H.  Kavanaugh,D.D Methodist  "       1839    "    1840. 

Right  Rev.  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  D.D Episcopal  "       1840    "    1842. 

Rev.  George  W.  Brush Methodist  "       1842    "   1843. 

Rev.  Ryland  T.  Dillard,  D.D Baptist  "       1843    "    1847. 

Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  D.D.,  LL. D.Presbyterian       "       1847    "    1853. 

Rev.  John  D.  Matthews,  D.D Presbyterian       "       1853    "1859. 

Hon.  Robert  Richardson,  A.M.,  LL.B Presbyterian       "       1859    "1863. 

Rev.  Daniel  Stevenson,  A. M Methodist  B.       "       1863    "    1867. 

Hon.  Zach.  F.  Smith Christian  "       1867    "    1871. 

Rev.  Howard  A.  M.Henderson,  D.D Methodist  South"       1871    "    1875. 

On  March  1,  1842,  Rev.  B.  B.  Sayre  (Episc.  ),  was  appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
but  shortly  declined  ;  and  on  April  26,  1842,  Rev.  Robert  Davidson,  D.D. 
(Presbyterian),  was  appointed,  but  declined  on  May  15,  1862. 


A  CHAPTER  OF  FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY. 


Like  all  things  else,  Kentucky  had  her  beginning — her  day  of  First 
Things.  These  first  things  were  generally  types  of  better  things  to  come — 
forerunners  of  something  to  come  after,  indicating  social  and  civil  life,  pro- 
gress, power.  From  the  day  of  her  first  settlement  by  white  Americans,  on 
Thursday,  June  16,  1774,  at  Harrodsburg,  to  the  present,  1874,  just  one  hctn- 
DRED  YEARS  have  elapsed  !  The  adventurers  of  that  day  found  it  "  a  desert 
land  and  a  waste  howling  wilderness."  For  their  descendants,  even  for  the 
children  of  the  pioneers,  "  the  wilderness  and  the  solitary  place  have  been 
made  glad,  and  the  desert  has  rejoiced  and  blossomed  as  the  rose." 

If  not  the  First  Born  State  of  the  American  Union,  Kentucky  was  the  first 
ready  in  population  and  strength;  the  first  which  applied  for  admission— in 
July',  1790;  the  first  recommended  to  Congress  by  President  Washington  to 
that  end,  December,  1790 ;  the  first  for  which  an  act  passed  botli  houses  of 
Congress,  Feb.  4,  1791,  and  which  act  received  the  signature  of  President 
Washington.  Vermont  was  admitted  on  March  4,  1791  ;  but  circumstances 
delayed  the  formal  admission  of  Kentucky  until  June  1,  1792.     . 

The  First  Governor  was  Isaac  Shelby,  of  Lincoln  county,  and  the  first  in- 
stallation and  reception  ceremony  took  place  June  4,  1792. 

The  First  Lieutenant  Governor  "(there  was  none  provided  for  in  the  first 
constitution)  was  Alexander  Scott  Bullitt,  of  Jefi'erson  county,  in  September, 
1800;  he  had  been  the  First  Speaker  of  the  Senate,  and  presided  over  that 
body  for  twelve  years  in  succession,  1 79^.-1804. 

The  First  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  was  Robert  Breckin- 
ridge, also  of  Jefferson  county,  who  was  re-elected  three  times,  1792-96. 
The  First  State  Officers  were  : 

Secretary  of  State — James  Brown,  June  5,  1792;   succeeded,  Oct.  13, 

1796,  by'Harry  Toulmin. 
Attomey-General^-Qeorgii   Nicholas,  June    15,  1792;  succeeded,  Dec. 
7,    1792,   by  William  Murray;  Dec.   19,    1795,  by  John   Breckin- 
ridge;   and  by  James  Blair,  1796  to  1816,  and  longer. 
Register  of  Land  Office — Baker  Ewing,  June  26,  1792;   succeeded   in 
1798,  by  Edmund  Thomas;    by  John  Adair  on  Dec.  19,  1803;    by 
Mark  Hardin  on  Nov.  5,  1805,  who  held  the  ofiice  until  Jan.  31, 
1814  (and  is  still  living,  April,  1874). 
Auditor — William   McDowell ;    succeeded,  March  7,  1796,  by  George 
Madison,  who  held  the  ofiice  twenty  years,  or  until  he  was  elected 
governor,  in  1816. 
Treasurer — John  Logan,  June  18,  1792,  who  held   the  office  until  his 

death,  in  July,  1807,  fifteen  years. 
Adjutant-General — Percival  Butler,  who  held  the  office  until  during  or 

after  the  war  of  1812. 
Quartermaster-General — John  B.  Campbell,  Jan.   25,    1811.      (If  any 
was  appointed  previously,  we  have  been  unable   to  find  his  name.) 
Public  Printer — John  Bradford;   succeeded  by  James  H.  Stewart   in 
1796,  John  Bradford  in  1797,  Hunter  &  Beaumont   in   1798,  Wm. 
Hunter  in  1799  to  1808,  Gerard  k  Bledsoe  in  1809,  Wm.  Gerard  in 
1810-11,  Gerard  k,  Berry,  1812-15. 
Keeper  of  the  Penitentiary— John  S.  Hunter,  Dec.  17,  1800. 
The  First  Senators  in  Congress  were  John  Brown,  1792-1805,  and  John 
Edwards,  1792-1795.     The  same  John  Brown,  a  resident  of  Kentucky  dis- 
trict when  a  part  of  the  State  of  Virginia,  had  been  one  of  the  Representa- 
tives in  Congress  from  Virginia,  from  March  4,  1789,  to  June,  1792;  his  sec- 
ond term  was  unexpired  when  Kentucky  became  a  state,  and  he  was  elected 
senator. 

The  First   Representatives  in  Congress  were   Christopher  Greenup  (after 
wards  governor)  and  Alexander  D.  Orr,  1792-97. 

The  First  Constitution  of  Kentucky  was  adopted  and  proclaimed,  April  19, 
(508) 


FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY.  509 

1792,  in  convention,  at  Danville — presided  over  by  Samuel  McDowell ;  the 
Second,  Aug.  17,  1799,  in  conventiijn  at  Frankfort — presided  over  by  Alex- 
ander Scott  Bullitt :  and  the  Third,  June  11,  1850,  in  convention  at  Frank- 
fort— presided  over  by  James  Guthrie. 

The  First  Legislature  of  Kentucky  met  at  Lexington,  June  4,  1792,  and 
held  a  second  session  beginning;  Nov.  5,  1792.  The  Second  Legislature  met 
Nov.  4,  1793,  at  Frankfort — that  place  having  been  chosen  as  "  the  perma- 
nent seat  of  government." 

The  First  State-House  of  Kentucky  was,  of  course,  temporary;  it  was  a 
two-story  log  building,  in  Lexington,  that  stood  "  on  the  east  side  of  Main 
street,"  about  half  way  between  Mill  street  and  Broadway. 

The  First  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  were  Harry  Innes,  chief  jus- 
tice;  Benjamin  Sebastian,  second  judge;  Caleb  Wallace,  third  judge;  on 
June  28,  1792.  The  fourth  judge  was  added,  and  Thomas  Todd  appointed, 
Dec.  19,  1801.  The  chief  justices  resigned,  and  were  succeeded  as  follows: 
Harry  Innes  by  George  Muter,  Dec.  7,  1792;  by  Thomas  Todd,  Dec.  13, 
1806 ;  by  Felix  Grundy,  April  11,"  1807 ;  by  Ninian  Edwards,  Jan.  5,  1808 ; 
by  George  M.  Bibb,  May  30,  1809;  by  John  Boyle,  March  20,  1810  (for  17 
years);  by  George  M.  Bibb  again,  Jan.  5,  1827  ;  by  George  Robertson,  Dec. 
24,  1829  (for  14  years);  by  Bphraim  M.  Ewing,  April  7,  1843;  by  Thomas 
A.  Marshall,  June  1,  1847.  In  1851,  under  the  new  constitution,  the  official 
tenure  of  the  chief  justice  was  reduced  practically  to  two  years.  (For  the 
changes  since  then,  see  article  on  the  Co'urt  of  Appeals.)  Only  one  chief 
justice  has  died  in  office — -William  Sampson,  on  Feb.  5,  1866. 

The  First  Judges  of  Oyer  &  Terminer  were,  June  28,  1792,  George  Muter 
(succeeded,  Dec.  9,  1792,  by  John  Allen),  Samuel  McDowell,  and  Christopher 
Greenup  (succeeded,  Dec.  19,  1792,  by  John  Coburn) ;  their  salary  was  fixed 
at  $100. 

The  First  Judges  of  District  Courts,  appointed  Dec.  19,  1791,  were  :  Samuel 
McDowell,  John  Coburn,  Buckner  Thruston,  Stephen  Ormsby,  James  G.  Hun- 
ter, Thomas  Todd;   Dec.  11,  1796,  John  Allen. 

The  First  Circuit  Court  Judges,  appointed  Dec.  24,  1802,  were :  Samuel 
McDowell,  John  Coburn,  Buckner  Thruston,  Stephen  Ormsby,  James  G. 
Hunter,  John  Allen,  Ninian  Edwards,  Christopher  Greenup,  Allen  M.  Wake- 
field. 

The  First  Increase  of  Salaries  of  public  officers  was  made  Dec.  21,  1795. 
The  three  columns  below  show  the  salaries  paid  to  the  officers  named,  in 

June,  1792.  Jan.  1796.  Jan.  1874. 

Governor $1,000  $1,333}^  .    $5,000 

Secretary  of  State 333^  600  1,500 

Auditor 3333^  600  2,500 

Treasurer 333^  600  2,400 

Attorney-General  SS3i4  and  fees— 2,161 

Members  of  Legislature,  per  day 1  13^  5 

Court  of  Appeals  Judges 666%                    5,000 

But  Kentucky  had  her  First  Things  long  before  she  became  a  State. 
Among  them  were  the  following; 

The  First  White  Persons  who  ever  saw  any  part  of  Kentucky  as  now 
bounded,  or  are  claimed  to  have  seen  it,  were  the  Spanish  explorers  or  ad- 
venturers, under  Moscoso,  the  successor  of  De  Soto,  and  who  continued  hi.s 
expedition,  in  1543.  [See  Annals  of  Kentucky,  ante,  p.  14.]  It  is  not, 
however,  positively  authenticated,  that  the  Spaniards  were  so  high  up  the 
Mississippi  as  the  southern  boundary  line  of  Kentucky. 

The  story  of  the  Spaniards  coming  up  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  in  1669 
[see  Annals  p.  14,  ante]  has  received  credence ;  but  a  letter  to  the  Author 
from  John  G.  Shea,  LL.  D.,  the  most  learned  collator  of  recently  discov- 
ered French  books  and  documents,  as  also  of  Spanish  documents,  says  "  it 
has  not  a  particle  of  authentic  historical  documents  to  build  upon." 

The  same  pains-taking  explorer  says  "  he  does  not  believe  that  Marquette 
ever  saw  the  shore  of  Kentucky."     [See  Annals,  p.  14,  ante."] 

There  is  doubt,  too,  and  some  confusion,  as  to  whether  certain  Englishmen, 


510  FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY. 

for  whom  it  is  claimed  that  they  saw  Kentucky  in  1654  and  1670,  really 
were  within  its  borders  or  in  si^ht  of  it.     [See  Annals,  p.  14,  ante.'] 

But  it  is  well  authenticated  and  beyond  cavil  that,  in  Feb.  1780,  Robert 
de  la  Salle,  with  a  company  of  twenty-one  Frenchmen,  passed  down  the 
Mi.ssissippi  (or  Colbert)  river  to  its  mouth — claiming^  possession  of  the 
whole  country,  on  both  sides,  for  the  French  king,  Louis  the  Great,  after 
whom  he  named  it  Louisiana.  They  delayed  a  few  days  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio,  and  made  arrangements  for  trade  and  intercourse  with  the  In- 
dians; and  as  a  portion  of  the  latter  lived  in  that  part  of  now  Kentucky 
south  and  west  of  the  Tennessee  river  (commonly  known  as  Jackson's  Pur- 
chase, because  bought  from  the  Indians  in  Oct.  1819,  at  a  treaty  where  Gen. 
Andrew  Jackson  was  the  most  prominent  of  the  commissioners),  it  is  not 
improbable  that  the  party  of  Frenchmen  were  actually  upon  Kentucky  soil, 
if  indeed  they  did  not  first  land  and  remain  there  during  the  whole  time. 

Between  1680  and  1730,  but  in  what  years  or  whether  at  all  before  about 
1700  is  nut  certain,  French  Catholic  priests  passed  down  the  Oubache  (now 
Wabash)  river  in  western  Indiana,  thence  into  and  down  the  Ohio  river 
(which  was  supposed  to  be  a  continuation  of  the  Wabash),  and  into  and 
down  the  Mississippi.  The  settlement  at  Vincennes  as  early  as  1712  meas- 
urably confirms  tliis. 

In  1739,  a  party  of  Frenchmen  (perhaps  of  French  troops)  under  M. 
Loncueil  crossed  IVom  Canada  to  the  Ohio  river,  and  down  that  stream — vis- 
itins  Big  Bone  Lick  in  now  Boone  county,  Ky.  [See  Annals,  pp.  15,  16, 
ante.] 

The  First  White  American  known  to  have  been  in  western  Kentucky  was 
John  Sailing,  of  Virginia,  while  a  prisoner  among  the  Cherokee  Indians, 
about  1730.     [See  Annals,  p.  16,  ante.] 

The  Fint  White  American  Woman  ever  in  any  part  of  Kentucky,  was 
Mrs.  Mary  Inglis,  nee  Draper,  in  1756.  The  first  in  south-eastern  or  middle 
Kentucky,  were  the  wife  and  nearly-grown  daughter  of  Daniel  Booiie,  and 
the  wives  of  Hugh  McGary,  Richard  Hogan,  and  Thomas  Denton — who 
came  in  company,  reaching  their  future  homes  at  Boonesborough  and  at 
Harrodsburg  on  Sept.  8,  1775.     [See  Vol.  II  of  this  work,  pages  63,  518.] 

The  First  White  Visitor  in  south-eastern  Kentucky,  through  Cumberland 
Gap,  was  Dr.  Thomas  Walker,  in  1748;  in  his  company  were  Cols.  Wood, 
Paton,  and  Buchanan,  Capt.  Charles  Campbell,  and  others.  In  his  second 
expedition,  in  1758,  he  passed  Powell's  Valley,  across  the  headwaters  of 
Clinch  river  and  the  Cumberland  mountains,  and  traversed  eastern  Ken- 
tucky. Some  doubt  exists  as  to  whether  the  first  expedition  was  in  1748 
or  in  1750,  and  as  to  the  extent  they  progressed  toward  the  interior.  [See 
Vol.  II  of  this  work,  p.  415.] 

The  First  White  Visitor  to  southern  and  western  Kentucky  was  Capt. 
James  Smith,  in  1766,  with  four  others.     [See  Annals,  p.  16,  ante.] 

The  First  White  Americans  who  descended  the  Ohio  river  its  entire  length, 
to  the  Falls,  and  thence  to  New  Orleans  in  1769,  were  Hancock  Taylor,  his 
brother  Col.  Richard  Taylor  (father  of  President  Zachary  Taylor),  and  oth- 
ers; they  returned  to  Virginia  by  sea. 

The  First  Village  in  Kentucky  was  on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  in 
Greenup  county,  opposite  now  Portsmouth,  Ohio — built  after  1756  (except 
one  cabin),  by  the  Shawnee  Indians  and  some  French  traders,  when  driven 
from  their  own  Shawnee  town  opposite,  by  probably  the  highest  flood  ever 
known  in  the  Ohio.  It  only  existed  some  twenty  years — having,  in  1773, 
19  or  20  log  cabins,  with  clapboard  roofs,  doors,  windows,  chimneys,  and 
some  cleared  tiround;  but  disappeared  in  a  few  years  after.  [See  Vol.  11, 
pp.  53,  300,  495.] 

The  First  Authorized  Surveys,  by  official  surveyors,  and  under  which  pat- 
ents were  issued  in  1772,  were  in  the  N.  K.  corner  of  the  state,  in  now  Law- 
rence and  Greenup  counties — one  of  them,  in  the  name  of  John  Fry,  em- 
bracing the  town  of  Louisa,  in  the  former  county.  This  survey,  and  one 
other  for  John  Fry,  had  the  corners  marked  with  the  initials  "  G.  W. ;" 
and  it  is  generally  believed  and  claimed  in  the  neighborhood,  that  they 
were  made  by  George  Washington  himself     None,  however,  of  his  journals 


doi 


FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY.  511 

ipers  which  have  been  published  mention  these  surveys;  and  hence  it 

doubted  whether  he  made  the  surveys  in  person. 

The  next  surveys  were  in  1773,  by  several  parties,  some  private  and  others 
official.     But  in  1774.  many  official  surveys  were  made. 

The  First  Setllement  of  Kentucky  was  on  Thursday,  June  16,  1774,  at 
Harrodsburg.     [See  Vol.  11,  pp.  517-20.] 

The  First  Families  who  settled  in  Kentucky  were  those  of  Daniel  Boone 
at  Boonesboroui;h,  and  of  Hugh  McGary,  Thomas  Denton,  and  Richard  Ho- 
gan,  at  Harrodsburg,  each  on  Sept.  8,  1775.  They  came  from  Virginia,  in 
company,  through  Cumberland  Gap.     [See  Vol.  11,  p.  518.] 

The  First  Road,  or  (as  it  was  properly  called,  in  pioneer  language)  Trace, 
marked  out  was,  in  1775,  by  Daniel  Boone,  the  great  Kentucky  explorer  and 
pioneer — from  Cumberland  Gap  to  Boonesborough,  under  contract  with  the 
new  proprietary  government  of  Henderson  &  Co.  In  1874,  ninety-nine  years 
after,  mucli  of  it  was  distinctly  visible,  and  still  known  as  Boone's  Trace. 
[See  Vol.  11,  p.  497,  etc.] 

The  First  White  Americans  made  captive  by  the  Indians,  on  the  soil  of  Ken- 
tucky, were,  on  Dec.  22,  1769,  Daniel  Boone  and  John  Stewart — two  of  the 
six  hunters  who,  for  seven  months,  had  been  "  wandering"  together  over 
the  "mountainous  wilderness"  and  "  beautiful  level  of  Kentucky."  They 
escaped,  after  seven  days'  confinement,  only  to  find  their  "  old  camp  plun- 
dered and  the  company  dispersed  and  gone  home." 

The  First  White  Man  killed  by  Indians,  in  Kentucky,  was  this  same  John 
Stewart,  some  time  in  January  or  February,  1770. 

The  First  Express  Messengers  were  Daniel  Boone  and  Michael  Stoner,  ?ent 
from  Virginia,  in  June,  1774,  by  Gov.  Dunmore,  "  to  go  to  the  Falls  of  the 
Ohio,  to  conduct  into  the  settlement  a  number  of  surveyors  who  had  been 
sent  thither  by  him  some  months  before."  The  tour  of  800  miles  occupied 
62  days ;  and  the  warning  of  danger  and  order  to  return  probably  saved  the 
lives  of  half  the  surveyors — one  only,  Hancock  Taylor,  falling  a  victim  to 
the  Indians  "  on  the  war  path." 

The  First  Contest  or  Skirmish  with  Indians  in  Kentucky,  was  just  before 
day,  on  Saturday  morning,  March  25,  1775,  about  5  miles  s.  of  Richmond, 
Madison  county.  A  black  man  was  killed,  and  two  white  men  dangerously 
wounded — one  of  whom,  Capt.  Wni.  Twetty,  died.  The  whites  sprang  up 
and  to  their  guns,  rallying  for  a  fight,  but  the  Indians  soon  retreated.  [See 
Vol.  II,  p.  497.] 

The  First  Fort  built  in  Kentucky  was  Twetty's,  or  the  Little  Fort — near 
the  spot  of  the  night  attack  just  mentioned.     [See  Vol.  11,  p.  520.] 

The  First  Fortified  Station  was  at  Boonesborough — a  small  stockade  fort 
which  Col.  Richard  Henderson,  on  April  20,  1775,  named  F^irt  Boone,  in 
honor  of  his  pioneer  path-finder,  who  built  it,  Daniel  Boone.  [See  Vol.  11,  p. 
520.] 

The  First  Female  Captives  by  Indians  were  three  young  daughters  of  Cols. 
Daniel  Boone  and  Richard  Callaway,  from  a  canoe  in  the  Kentucky  river, 
near  Boonesborough,  on  Sunday  afternoon,  July  14,  1776.  They  were  res- 
cued unharmed  near  the  Upper_  Blue  Licks,  in  thirty  hours,  having  walked 
over  thirty  miles — by  a  party  o'f  eight.  Col.  Boone,  the  three  lovers  of  the 
three  girls,  and  four  other  friends.     [See  Vol.  II,  p.  526.] 

The  First  Marriage  in  Kentucky  was  in  the  fort  at  Boonesborough,  August 
7,  1776 — Samuel  Henderson,  one  of  the  three  lovers  just  referred  to,  to  the 
eldest  of  the  three  girls,  Elizabeth  (or  Betsy)  Callaway.  The  ceremony  was 
performed— most  probably  without  any  legal  license  first  obtained,  because 
of  the  distance  to  the  county  seat  of  Fincastle  county  (of  which  all  Ken- 
tucky was  tben  the  western  portion) — by  Squire  Boone  (a  younger  brother 
of  Daniel),  who  was  an  occasional  preacher  in  the  Calvinistio  Baptist  church. 
[See  Vol.  11,  p.  521.] 

The  First  White  Child  born  in  Kentucky,  of  parents  who  were  married  in 
Kentucky,  was  Fanny  Henderson,  of  the  marriage  just  mentioned,  on  May 
29,  1777. 

The  First  White  Child  born  in  Kentucky,  it  is  exceedingly  difficult,  if  not 
:i,i.    (.g   ascertain  with  certainty,  at  this  late  day.     The  number  for 


512  FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY. 

wlioiu  the  honor — which  of  right  belongs  to  one— is  claimed,  is  "  lejcion ;" 
and  some  have  been  weak  enough  to  claim  it  for  a  child  born  as  late  as 
1787,  or  twelve  years  after  the  state  was  peopled  with  families — as  if  emi- 
gration had  changed  the  universal  law  of  the  marriage  relation. 

1.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Thomas,  daughter  of  Wm.  Poague,  who,  when  she  was 
11  years  old,  brought  his  family  to  Boonesborough,  in  company  with  that  of 
Cof.  Richard  Callaway,  on  Sept.  25,  1775  (the  5th  and  6th  families  to  enter 
Kentucky),  and  who  removed,  in  March,  1776,  to  Harrodsburg,  always  said 
the  first  white  child  born  in  Kentucky  was  Harrod  Wilson,  at  Harrodsburg. 
Data  of  birth  not  known. 

2.  Another  source  claims  that  the  first  child  was  William  Hinton,  who 
was  born  at  Harrodsburg,  and  died  about  1833,  on  Fox  Run,  in  Shelby  co., 
Ky.     Date  of  birth  not  ascertained. 

3.  Others  claim  that  the  first  child  was  Chenoe  Hart  (so  called  after  the 
Indian  name  for  Kentucky.),  daughter  of  Col.  Nathaniel  Hart,  born  probably 
at  White  Oak  Spring,  or  Hart's  Station,  one  mile  above  Boonesborough, 
where  her  father  lived  (or  at  Boonesborough)  from  1775  to  1782.  Aliss 
Hart  married  Col.  John  Smith,  three  of  whose  sisters  married  James  Blair, 
attorney-general  of  Kentucky  from  1796  to  1816  or  later,  George  Madison, 
who  died  while  governor  of  Kentucky,  in  1816,  and  Dr.  Lewis  Marshall, 
eminent  as  a  college  president  and  educator.     Date  of  birth  not  ascertained. 

4.  A  daughter  of  Daniel  Boone,  whose  family  reached  Boonesborough  on 
Sept.  8,  1775,  was  born  there  at  an  early  day — claimed  by  some,  as  early 
as  1797,  to  have  been  the  first  white  child  born  in  Kentucky.  Name  and 
date  of  birth  not  ascertained. 

5.  Several  persons  living,  aged  75  to  85  years,  assure  the  Author  that  the 
first  child  born  in  Kentucky  wa's  Mrs.  Levisa  JIcKinney,  daughter  of  Col. 
Wm.  Whitley,  who  fell  as  one  of  the  "  forlorn  hope  "  at  the  battle  of  the 
Thames.  His  widow  always  claimed  that  she  was  the  third  white  woman 
who  crossed  the  Cumberland  mountains — believing  Mrs.  Daniel  Boone  and 
her  daughter  to  be  the  first  two^and  that  her  child  (named  Levisa  after 
one  of  the  names  of  the  new  country)  was  born  in  a  short  time  after  they 
came.  The  original  Whitley  family  Bible  is  lost;  but  from  partial  copies 
kept  by  several  of  her  daughters,  we  believe  that. Levisa  Whitley  was  born 
Feb.  25,  1776 — possibly  a  year  later;  she  removed  to  Missouri  in  1819,  and 
died  Feb.  14,  1853.  The  late  Col.  Daniel  Garrard,  himself  one  of  the  eariy 
born  of  the  state,  claimed  that  Levisa  Whitley  was  the  ihird  child  born  in 
Kentucky. 

6.  Mrs.  Rhoda  Vaughn,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  John  Holder,  of  Boonesbor- 
ough, is  claimed  in  Ranck's  History  of  Lexington  as  the  first  white  child 
born  in  Kentucky.  She  was  the  mother  of  the  gallant  adjutant  Edward 
M.  Vaughn,  who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  Mexico,  in  Feb.  1847  ;  she 
died  at  Lexington,  in  June,  1863.  It  is  probable  that  she  was  born  early  in 
1777,  but  not  probable  that  she  was  the  first  native  child. 

7.  Judge  William  Logan,  eldest  son  of  Gen.  Benjamin  Logan,  born  in  the 
fort  at  Harrodsburg,  on  Dec.  8,  1776,  was  the  most  gifted  and  eminent  of 
the  early  born  sons  of  Kentucky  ;  was  twice  a  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals, 
U.  S.  senator,  and  when  he  died,  at  45,  was  looked  forward  to  as  the  next 
governor.  He  is  claimed  by  many  as  the  first  white  male  native;  but  we 
have  the  printed  evidence  of  the  late  Gen.  Robert  B.  McAfee,  lieutenant 
governor  of  the  state  in  1824-28,  that  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Poague  Thomas,  above 
mentioned,  who  was  then,  and  for  more  than  nine  montlis  previous,  a  resi- 
dent of  that  small  fort,  repeatedly  told  him  that  Harrod  Wilson  was  the  first 
child  born  in  Kentucky.  It  must  be  remembered  that  Boonesborough  and 
Harrodsburg  were,  until  the  summer  or  fall  of  1776,  the  only  two  stations 
containing  Jamilies;  that  Mrs.  Thomas  came  to  Boonesborough  only  seven- 
teen days  after  Daniel  Boone's  family  (which  was  the  only  family  that 
preceded  hers,)  and  lived  there  for  six  umnths,  until  the  last  days  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1776;  that  she  then  removed  to  Harrodsburg,  and  continued  to  live 
thei-e  until  1785,  and  of  course  knew  all  the  dwellers  there  in  1776  and 
1777.  The  birth  of  a  child  in  the  forts,  in  those  earliest  days,  was  a  re- 
markable event,  and  not  easily  forgotten  by  the  residents;  and  the 


FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY.  513 

ication  between  the  forts  so  frequent  and   intimate  that  every  matter  of  in- 
terest in  one  was  soon  known  and  discussed  in  the  other. 

8.  Ann  Poague,  daughter  of  William  Poague,  and  sister  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Thomas  above  mentioned,  was  born  in  the  fort  at  Harrodsburg,  April  20, 
1777 — so  says  the  family  Bible  record  which  we  have  examined.  She  mar- 
ried her  relative,  Gen.  John  Poague,  and  died  at  his  residence  in  Greenup 
CO.  Ky.,  in  1847.  It  was  for  many  years  understood  that  she  was  the  fourth 
child  born  in  Kentucky. 

9.  Fanny  Henderson,  already  mentioned  above  as  the  first  child  born  in 
Kentucky  of  parents  married  in  Kentucky,  was  the  daugliter  of  Samuel 
Henderson  and  Betsy  Callaway,  and  born  in  the  fort  at  Booncsborough, 
May  29,  1777.  Two  of  her  sisters  and  a  brother  were  still  living  in  Feb. 
1873— one  of  them,  Mrs.  Sallie  Rivers,  with  her  son,  Kev.  11.  11.  Rivers,  D. 
D.,  a  distinguished  minister  of  the  Methodist  E.  Church  South,  in  Louis- 
ville. 

10.  Enoch  Boone,  son  of  Squire  Boone  and  nephew  of  Daniel  Boone,  was' 
born  in  a  canebrake  near  Boonesborough,  Nov.  16, 1777;  he  died  Feb.  8, 1862, 
aged  84,  on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  in  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  at  the  residence 
of  his  son-in-law.  Judge  Collins  Fitch.  Many  persons  believed  him  to  be 
the  first  child  born  in  Kentucky ,  and  yet  it  is  not  improbable  that  fifteen 
were  born  earlier. 

The  First  Census  of  any  part  of  Kentucky  was  taken  on  May  7,  1777,  and 
another  on  Sept.  2,  1777,  of  the  population  of  the  station  at  Harrodsburg 
[see  it,  in  Vol.  II  of  this  work,  pp.  616,  606],  which  latter  gave  65  children 
under  10  years,  24  women,  and  198  in  all.  Boonesborough  was  then  nearly 
as  large,  and  there  were  families  at  McClelland's  (Georgetown),  Logan's 
(near  Stanford),  and  several  other  stations. 

The  First  General  Corn-Shelling  was  at  Capt.  Joseph  Bowman's  near  Har- 
rodsburg, by  a  company  of  37  men  sent  for  the  purpose ;  they  were  fired 
upon  by  Indians,  1  killed,  and  6  wounded,  of  whom  1  died. 

The  First  Town-plat  laid  off  in  Kentucky  was  Louisville,  by  Capt.  Thomas 
Bullitt,  in  August,  1773.     The  second  was  Harrodsburg,  in  June,  1774. 

The  First  Survey  of  land,  which  was  afterwards  included  in  a  town  plat, 
was  at  Frankfort,  on  July  16,  1773 — by  Hancock  Taylor,  for  one  of  the 
McAfee  brothers.  It  was  probably  abandoned  for  richer  land,  as  no  record 
of  the  survey  exists. 

The  First  Powder  was  made  by  Monk,  a  noted  slave  belonging  to  Capt. 
James  Estill,  of  Estill's  station,  3J  miles  s.  B.  of  Richmond  ;  he  was  taken 
captive  by  the  Indians,  in  March,  1782,  and  was  with  them  a  few  days  after 
at  the  battle  of  Little  Mountain  (Mount  Sterling),  or  Estill's  Defeat ;  but 
made  his  escape  during  the  battle,  and  aided  sever.al  of  the  wounded  from 
the  field.  For  his  noble  services  there  he  was  set  free,  or  at  least  no  longer 
required  to  labor — so  that,  practically,  he  was  the  first  Freed  Slave  in  now 
Kentucky. 

The  First  Wheat  sown  was  in  the  fall  of  1776,  in  a  field  of  four  acres  w. 
of  the  fort  at  Harrodsburg.  It  was  reaped  July  14  and  15,  1777.  [See  Vol. 
II,  p.  616.] 

The  First  Corn  planted  was  in  1774,  at  Fontainebleau  (or  Fountain  Blue, 
as  they  called  it,)  on  the  bank  of  Salt  river,  about  three  miles  below  Har- 
rodsburg, by  James  Sodowsky,  David  Williams,  and  John  Shelp. 

The  First  Pumpkins  were  raised  on  "  Hart's  improvement,"  about  5 
miles  s.  of  Richmond,  in  1779. 

The  First  Turnips  were  sowed  in  the  fall  of  1775,  by  James  Bridges,  on  a 
quarter  acre  cleared  by  him,  5  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Muddy  creek,  in 
Madison  county. 

The  First  Watermelons  and  Muskmelons  were  raised  on  the  s.  bank  of  the 
Kentucky  river,  6  miles  above  Boonesborough,  in  Madison  county. 

The  First  Peach  Stones  were  planted  in  the  fall  of  1775,  about  3  miles  s. 
of  Richmond,  by  John  Boyle,  father  of  the  late  chief  justice  John  Boyle.  The 
same  year,  Robert  McAfee  planted  Peach  Stones  and  Apple  Seeds  on  the  land 
where  he  afterwards  settled,  a  few  miles  from  Harrodsburg. 

The  First  Potatoes  were  planted  in  1775,  by  William  Steele,  and  also  by 
I...33 


514  FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY. 

Henry  Thompson  near  by,  both  on  the  n.  side  of  Hinkston  creek,  a  few 
miles  N.  w.  of  Paris. 

The  First  Beans  ("  roasting  ears  and  snap  beans"  together)  were  raised, 
and  App/e  Seed  sowed,  by  Joseph  Lindsay,  in  1775,  on  a  fork  of  Elkhorn,  3 
miles  below  Lexington.  Next  year  he  inclosed  a  quarter  of  an  acre  with  a 
fence,  and  planted  some  fruit  trees. 

The  First  Seed  Hemp  was  raised  in  1775,  by  Archibald  McNeill,  on 
Clark's  creek,  not  far  from  Danville. 

The  First  Tannery  was  a  very  small  one — a  tan  trough — made  by  Capt. 
James  Estill,  at  his  station  near  Richmond,  in  the  spring  of  1780. 

The  First  Horse  Races  took  place  in  April,  1783,  at  "  Rumble's  race  paths," 
and  on  May  10,  1783,  at  "  Haggin's  race  paths,"  both  near  Ilarrodsburg. 
For  betting  a  m.are  worth  £12  at  the  latter,  Hugh  McGary  was  tried  at 
Oyer  and  Terminer  court  in  August,  and  found  guilty.  "  The  opinion  of  the 
Court  was,  that  the  said  Hugh  McGary,  gentleman,  be  deemed  an  infamous 
'gambler,  and  that  he  shall  not  be  eligible  to  any  office  of  trust  or  honor 
within  this  state — pursuant  to  an  act  of  Assembly  entitled  An  act  to  sup- 
press excessive  gaming." 

The  First  Boad  ordered  to  be  "viewed"  and  opened,  by  Lincoln  county 
court,  was  from  Lincoln  Court  House  (then  Harrodsburg)  to  Boonesborough, 
in  the  fall  of  1783. 

The  First  Tux  levied  and  collected  by  court  in  Kentucky  was  by  Lincoln 
county,  Nov.  21,  1783 — a  head  tax  of  10  pounds  of  tobacco  per  tithe. 

The  First  Mill  which  leave  was  obtained  from  court  to  build,  and  also  to 
condemn  an  acre  of  land  on  the  opposite  side,  was  by  Francis  Underwood, 
on  Dick's  river,  in  1783. 

The  First  Buckets,  Milk-pails,  Churns,  Tubs,  and  Noggins,  were  made  at 
Boonesborough,  in  Oct.  1775,  by  Wm.  Foague.  He  also,  during  the  ensu- 
ing winter,  or  after  his  removal  to  Harrodsburg,  in  Feb.,  1776,  made  the 
wood-work  of  the  first  Ploiigh  and  the  first  Loom.  His  wife  (afterward  Mrs. 
Ann  McGinty,  who  lived  to  quite  a  great  age,  and  was  well  remembered  by 
old  citizens  still  living  in  1873  at  Harrodsburg)  brought  the  first  Spinning 
Wheel  to  Kentucky,  and  made  the  first  Linen  (from  the  lint  of  nettles),  and 
the  first  Linsey  (from  the  same  nettle-lint  and  buSalo  wool).  She  also 
made  the  first  Butter.  Their  family  brought  to  Kentucky,  in  Sept.  1775,  the 
first  Hogs,  Chicke7is,  and  Ducks;  also  cattle,  but  not  the  first. 

The  First  Stage  Route  opened  was  in  1S03,  from  Lexington,  via  Winches- 
ter and  Mt.  Sterling,  to  Olympian  Springs  in  Bath  county. 

The  First  Store  was  opened  in  April,  1775,  at  Boonesborough,  by  Hender- 
son &  Co.,  proprietors  of  Transylvania. 

The  First  Fine  House  (frame)  was  built  by  Alexander  Robertson,  father 
of  ex-chief  justice  George  Robertson,  about  1780,  at  Harlan's  spring,  the 
head  of  Cane  Run,  in  Garrard  county. 

The  First  Stone  House  in  Kentucky  was  that  of  the  first  governor,  Isaac 
Shelby,  in  Lincoln  county,  about  4  miles  s.  of  Danville,  built  in  Aug.,  1786. 
The  property  still  (1874)  remains  in  the  family,  being  owned  by  one  of  his 
grandchildren,  the  wife  of  Col.  J.  Warren  Grigsby;  it  is  recorded  as  Entry 
No.  1.,  in  the  books  of  the  Land  Office.  The  late  Col.  Nathaniel  Hart,  of 
Woodford  county,  used  to  say  that  when  it  was  reported  that  Col.  Shelby 
had  found  stone  suitable  for  building  purposes,  he  received  many  letters 
from  various  portions  of  the  state  inquiring  if  it  could  possibly  be  true,  as 
well  as  many  visits  to  verify  the  fact;  some  from  as  great  a  distance  as 
Mason  county.  This  real  scarcity  of  stone,  then,  seems  almost  incredible 
now— in  view  of  the  unlimited  supply  visible  on  all  sides;  but  was  doubtless 
due  to  the  luxuriant  growth  of  cane,  and  to  the  heavy  foliage  which  so  thor- 
oughly covered  the  ground  when  it  fell. 

The  First  Jail  was  built  at  Danville,  in  1783. 

The  First  Penitentiary  was  several  years  in  building,  and  not  completed 
ready  for  use  until  1800.  Its  first  Keeper  or  manager  was  Capt.  John  Stuart 
Hunter.  The  first  Coni'ic^  confined  in  it  was  John  Turner,  from  Madison 
county,  sentenced  for  two  years  for  horse  stealing,  but  recommended  to 
mercy  because  his  first  offense.     The  second  convict  was  Samuel  Moss,  from 


FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY.  515 

Mason  county,  in  1800;  he  was  pardoned  by  the  governor,  March  18,  1801 — 
the  first  Pardon  by  that  ofBcer. 

The  First  Surgical  Operations  of  great  note  were:  1.  About  1806,  Dr. 
Brashear,  of  Bardstown,  took  off  at  the  hip  joint  the  thigh  of  a  mulatto  boy, 
belonging  to  the  Catholic  priest  of  that  place — the  first  case  of  that  opera- 
tion in  America.  The  patient  recovered,  and  lived  for  many  years.  2.  In 
1809,  at  Danville,  Dr.  Bphraim  McDowell  successfully  removed  from  Mrs. 
Crawford,  a  large  ovarian  tumor — the  first  case  in  the  world  of  that  dan- 
gerous operation.  He  performed  the  operation  1 3  times,  with  eight  recover- 
ies (over  62J  per  cent).  .  Another  Kentucky  surgeon,  who  died  in  1871, 
Dr.  Joshua  Taylor  BradforiJ^  of  Augusta,  excelled  the  whole  world  in  the 
success  with  which  he  performed  it — losing  only  3  cases  in  over  30  (more  than 
90  per  cent,  recovering). 

The  First  Physician  who  visited  Kentucky  was  Dr.  Thomas  Walker,  of 
Albemarle  county,  Va. — who  came,  however,  as  an  explorer,  in  1748,  and 
again  in  1758.  He  was  the  first  white  man  ever  in  south-eastern  and  middle 
Kentucky, 

The  First  Practicing  Physician  was  Dr.  Hart,  who  settled  at  Harrodsburg 
in  May,  1775. 

The  First  Clergyman  ever  in  Kentucky  was  the  Rev.  John  Lythe,  of  the 
Church  of  England,  who  came  to  Harrodsburg  in  April,  1775.  This  same 
preacher  held  the  first  Preaching,  or  divine  service,  at  Boonesborough,  on 
Sunday,  May  28,  1775,  under  the  shade  of  a  magnificent  elm  tree — which 
thus  became  the  first  Temple  of  God  or  meeting-place  for  Christian  worship 
in  the  state.     [See  Vol.  H,  pp.  500,  501.] 

The  First  Baptist  Ministers  in  Kentucky  were  the  Rev.  Wm.  Hickman, 
Sen.,  and  Rev.  Peter  Tinsley,  early  in  May,  1776;  and  the  first  sermon  by 
either  of  them  was  by  the  latter,  under  the  shade  of  a  great  elm  tree,  at  the 
Big  Spring,  in  Harrodsburg.  [See  Vol.  II,  p.  617.]  The  first  organized 
Baptist  church  was  that  of  Rev.  Lewis  Craig,  which  was  constituted  in 
Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  and  the  members  traveled  together  to  their  new  home 
at  Craig's  station,  on  Gilbert's  creek,  in  Garrard  CO.,  Ky.,  a  few  miles  e.  of 
where  Lancaster  now  is.  Wherever  they  camped  for  the  Sabbath,  while  on 
their  journey,  they  worshiped  as  a  congregation,  and  could  transact  church 
business. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Sermon  in  Kentucky  was  by  the  Rev.  Terah  Temp- 
lin,  probably  in  1781;  he  was  not  ordained  until  1785.  In  the  spring  of 
1783,  Rev.  David  Rice  ("  Father  Rice"  he  was  generally  called,  although 
only  in  his  50th  year)  visited,  and  in  October  following  immigrated  from 
Virginia  to  Danville,  and  became  a  power  in  the  church  and  in  furthering 
the  cause  of  education.  In  1784,  three  Presbyterian  meeting-houses  were 
built — at  Danville,  Cane  Run,  and  near  Harrod's  station;  the  men  carrying 
their  guns  to  meeting,  as  the  Indians  were  in  the  habit  of  prowling  about 
to  steal  horses  and  kill  stragglers.  Father  Rice,  on  June  3,  1784,  married  a 
couple  at  McAfee  station — all  marriages  previously  having  been  solemnized 
by  the  magistrates.  He  also  preached  the  first  funeral  sermon,  on  June  4, 
1784 — thatof  Mrs.  James  McCoun,  Sen.;  it  was  the  first  sermon  ever  preached 
on  the  banks  of  Salt  river. 

The  First  Methodist  Minister  in  Kentucky  was  the  Rev.  Francis  Clark 
who  settled  in  Mercer  co.,  about  six  miles  from  Danville,  in  1783.  Tlie 
first  meeting-house  built  for  this»denomination  was  at  Masterson's  station,  5 
miles  N.  w.  of  Lexington,  before  1790,  possibly  in  1788;  it  was  a  plain  log 
structure,  and  was  still  standing  in  18"?!. 

The  First  Roman  Catholic  Priest  in  Kentucky  was  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wholan,  in 
1787.  About  fifty  Catholic  families  were  then  in  the  state,  some  of  them 
having  settled  at  Harrodsburg  as  early  as  1776. 

The  First  person  in  Kentucky  immersed  in  the  Reformed  Baptist,  or  Chris- 
tian church  (now  called,  in  some  parts  of  the  state,  the  Church  of  the  Dis- 
ciples of  Christ)  was  David  Purvianco  (afterward  an  elder  or  preacher),  at 
Cane  Ridge,  Bourbon  co.,  by  Elder  Barton  W.  Stone,  in  18 — ;  lie  lived  to 
be  78,  and  died  near  Paris,  Feb.  15,  1862. 

The  First  School  for  children  was  at  Harrodsburg  in  1776,  by  Mrs.  Wm 


516  FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY. 

Coomes.     The  first  taujiht  at  Booneaborough,  so  far  as  is  now  known,  was  by 
Joseph  Doniphan,  in  the  summer  of  1779. 

The  First  Fulling  Mill  (in  1789),  and  tlie  first  Rope-Walk  in  Kentucky 
were  each  established  by  the  Rev.  Elijah  Craig,  a  Baptist  preacher,  at 
Georgetown. 

The  First  Paper  Mill  was  built  at  the  same  place,  Georgetown,  by  the 
same  Baptist  preacher,  Rev.  Elijah  Craig,  and  his  partners,  Parkers  &  Co. 
The  enterprise  was  begun  in  the  summer  of  1791,  but  the  manufacture  of 
paper  successfully  was  not  accomplished  until  March,  1793.  The  mill  house  (as 
seen  in  181S  by  E.  H.  Stedman,  who  is  still  living  (1874)  a  few  miles  distant, 
in  Franklin  county)  was  40  by  60  feet  in  size,  the  basement  of  stone,  and 
the  two  and  a  half  stories  above  of  wood — theTjest  frame  Mr.  S.  ever  saw, 
with  not  a  cut-nail  in  the  building,  even  the  shingles  being  put  on  with  oak 
pins.  The  large  volume  of  clear  water  from  the  Royal  spring,  running  over 
a  limestone  bottom,  was  an  attractive  sight.  The  mill  dam  was  erected  in 
1789.  Here  was  turned  out  the  first  sheet  of  paper  in  the  great  West; 
made  by  hand,  sheet  by  sheet.  There  was  no  machinery  in  those  days  to 
wind  over  fifty  miles  in  one  beautiful  white  continuous  sheet.  This  first  mill 
was  burnt  down  in  1837.  Some  printed  sheets  of  the  paper  still  exist;  and 
one  other  elegant  relic,  now  in  the  paper  mill  of  Mr.  Stedman,  on  Elkhorn, 
in  Franklin  county — a  powerful  iron  screw,  of  finished  English  make,  6 
inches  in  diameter,  4J  feet  long,  and  weighing  800  pounds.  What  enter- 
prise, and  at  what  cost,  it  required  at  that  day  of  biid  roads  and  poor  freighting 
facilities,  to  get  that  screw  from  England  to  its  place  in  this  mill ! 

The  First  Bourbon  Whisky  was  made  in  1789,  at  Georgetown,  at  the  fulling 
mill  at  the  Royal  spring. 

The  First  Bibles  printed  west  of  the  Allegheny  mountains  were  at  Lex- 
ington, in  1819. 

The  First  Mammoth  Bones  {Mastodon  Giganteus)  found  in  the  West,  and  the 
most  of  them,  were  found  at  Big  Bone  Lick,  Boone  co.,  in  1773,  and  subse- 
quently. 

The  First  Dancing  School  was  opened  in  Lexington,  in  April,  1788. 

The  First  Cannon  ever  in  Kentucky  were  in  1780,  brought  by  Col.  Byrd, 
a  British  officer,  at  the  head  of  500  Indians  and  Canadians — when  they  cap- 
tured Ruddle's  and  Martin's  stations,  in  Harrison  county.  [See  Vol.  II,  p. 
328.]  The  first  gun  was  fired  on  June  22,  1780,  to  announce  their  arrival 
before  Ruddle's  station. 

The  First  Railroad  in  the  West,  and  the  second  in  the  United  States,  was 
that  from  Lexington  to  Frankfort;  begun,  and  the  "corner-stone''  laid  at 
Lexington,  on  Oct.  21,  1831,  but  not  finished  through  to  Frankfort,  28  miles, 
until  Dec.  1835.  The  first  Locomotive  in  the  world  was  built  at  Lexington, 
in  the  winter  of  1826-27,  by  Thomas  H.  Barlow.     [See  Vol.  II,  p.  174.] 

The  First  Mac Adamized road  in  Kentucky  was  built  in  1829,  from  Maysville 
to  Washington,  4  miles  toward  Lexington.  It  was  afterward  extended  to 
Lexington— to  aid  in  which,  the  U.  S.  congress  passed  a  bill  subscribing 
$150,000,  but  Gen.  Jackson  vetoed  it,  May  27, 1830.  The  state  of  Kentucky 
afterward  took  hold  of  the  work,  and  paid  $212,000,  one-half  the  entire  cost. 

The  First  Lunatic  Asylum  in  the  West,  and  the  second  state  lunatic  asylum 
in  the  United  States,  was  that  at  Lexington,  founded  in  1816. 

The  First  Insurance  Company  chartered  in  Kentucky,  which  was  likewise 
the  first  Bank  (the  banking  privileges  being^inadvertently  granted  by  a  legis- 
lature bitterly  opposed  to  banks),  was  the  Lexington  Insurance  Company,  in 
1801.  It  issued  bills  or  notes  of  various  denominations — with  Wm.  Morton, 
president,  and  John  Bradford,  cashier.     It  exploded  in  1818. 

The  First  (Cut)  Nail  Factory  in  the  West  was  at  Lexington,  1801,  estab- 
lished by  George  Norton. 

The  First  Masonic  Lodge  established  in  Kentucky  was  Lexington  Lodge: 
No.  25,  at  Lexington,  on  Nov.  17,  1788,  and  the   second  was  Paris  Lodge,] 
No.  35,  at  Paris,  on  Nov.  25,  1791- -both  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Virginia 
and  before  Kentucky  became  a  state.     The  first  Grand  Lodge   was  opei 
on   Thursday,  Oct.  16,  1800;  and   the  first  Grand   Master   was    the  distil 
tinguished  lawyer,  Wm.  Murray. 


FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY.  517 

The  First  Lodge  of  Odd- Fellowship  was  Boone  Lodge,  No.  1,  at  Louisville, 
formed  Dec.  10,  1832.  The  first  Grand  Lodge  was  opened  Sept.  13,  1.S36; 
and  Wm.  S.  Wolford  chosen  the  first  Grand  Master. 

The  First  Type  in  the  state  of  Kentucky,  or  any  where  west  of  the  Alle- 
gheny mountains  (except  a  small  office  at  Pittsburgh),  were  brought  down 
the  Ohio  river  to  Limestone  (now  Maysville),  in  July,  1787.  While  there 
awaiting  transportation,  were  composed  the  first  two  pages  (let  and  4th)  of 
the  Kentucky  Gazette;  but  which  partially  fell  into/)!,  in  being  wagoned 
thence  to  Lexington,  where  the  first  number  was  printed  and  published, 
Aug.  11,  1787.  [See  Vol.  11,  pp.  180,  19.5— where  it  is  stated  that  the  types 
ar.d  office  material  were  conveyed  from  Maysville  on  pack-horses.  A  very 
intelligent  gentleman,  aged  82,  writes  to  the  Author  that  this  is  a  mistake  ; 
and  that  they  were  taken  thence  in  wagons,  and  not  on  horseback.] 

It  was  a  work  of  considerably  more  effort  to  establish  the  first  newspaper 
in  a  state,  than  it  is  now  each  first  office  in  a  county.  In  May,  178.3,  at 
Danville,  in  the  second  convention  held  by  the  people  looking  toward  a  separa- 
tion from  Virginia  and  the  formation  of  a  state,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  arrange  for  "  a  printing  press— to  insure  unanimity  in  the  opinion  of  the 
people,  and  to  give  publicity  to  the' proceedings  of  the  convention."  When 
their  effort  had  failed,  John  Bradford  (himself  not  a  printer,  nor  the  son  of 
a  printer,  but  only  the  brother  of  a  printer)  oflfered  to  establish  a  paper  if 
the  convention  would  guarantee  to  him  the  public  patronage.  That  was 
agreed  to  by  the  next  convention ;  and  the  trustees  of  Lexington  indorsed 
the  project  to  a  small  extent  by  ordering  "  that  the  use  of  a  public  lot  be 
granted  to  John  Bradford /ree,  on  condition  that  he  establish  a  printing  press 
in  Lexington ;  the  lot  to  be  free  to  him  as  long  as  the  press  is  in  town." 
Query — Did  the  publication  of  the  Gazette  continuously,  by  the  Bradford  fam- 
ily and  others,  for  nearly  seventy  years,  make  that  a  title  in  fee,  or  was  it 
only  a  running  lease  ?  and  what  became  of  the  lot  ? 

The  paper  on  which  the  Gazette  was  printed,  as  well  as  the  few  handbills 
and  pamphlets  of  that  early  day,  was  all  brought  down  the  Ohio  river  on 
flatboats,  or  on  pack-horses  and  by  wagons  from  Virginia  through  Cumber- 
land Gap;  until  the  spring  of  1793,  when  the  paper  mill  of  Craig,  Parkers 
&  Co.,  at  Georgetown,  got  fully  into  operation,  and  furnished  an  ample  sup- 
ply, of  improving  quality. 

The  First  Collegiate  Institution  in  Kentucky  and  the  West  was  Transylvania 
Seminary,  in  1783,  afterward  Transylvania  University,  in  1798.  [See  its 
history,  in  Vol.  II,  pp.  183-4.]  The  first  graduates  of  the  latter,  receiving 
the  degree  of  A.  B.,  were :  Josiah  Stoddard  Johnston,  Robert  R.  Barr,  and 
Augustine  C.  Respess,  in  1802. 

The  First  Law  School  was  a  department  of  Transylvania  University,  es- 
tablished in  1799;  the  distinguished  lawyer.  Col.  George  Nicholas,  its'  first 
professor. 

The  First  Medical  School  was  in  the  same  connection.  Its  first  graduate 
was  John  Lawson  McCoUough,  in  1809. 

The  First  Ferry  established  by  law  was  over  the  Kentucky  river  at 
Boonesborough,  in  1779. 

The  First  Tobacco  Inspection  was  established  at  the  mouth  of  Hickman's 
creek,  on  the  Kentucky  river,  in  1 783  ;  and  the  first  Flour  and  Bread  inspec- 
tion, at  Louisville,  in  1787. 

The  First  Recorded  Town-plat  was  that  of  Boonesborough,  in  1779. 

The  First  Advertisement  of  a  legal  notice  in  a  newspaper,  by  law,  was  in 
the  Kentucky  Gazette,  in  1789 ;  and  the  first  posted  up  at  the  court  house 
door,  in  1780. 

The  First  Book-binder  in  Kentucky,  or  more  probably  the  first  who  bound 
large  records  and  dockets  for  courts,  was  Wm.  Essex.  A  record  book  bound 
by  him  in  1816  is  still  in  the  county  clerk's  office,  at  Owensboro. 

The  First  Nightwatchman  on  duty  in  a  town,  was  in  Lexington,  in  the 
spring  of  1811.  He  cried  "in  a  shrill,  unearthly  tone,  the  time  of  night 
and  the  weather." 

The  First  Female  Academy  in  Kentucky  or  the  West,  was  established  in 
1706,  at  Paris,  by  Rev.  John  Lyle;  and  had  from  150  to  300  pupils. 


518  FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY. 

The  First  Piano  brought  to  Kentucky  was  in  April,  1803,  by  Maj.  Valen- 
tine Peers,  who  settled  for  several  years  at  the  Lower  Blue  Lick  Springs, 
and  in  1806  or  '07  removed  to  Paris. 

The  First  Divorce  Law  passed  the  legislature  of  Kentucky,  Jan.  31,  1809. 

The  First  Gamp- Meeting  was  held  in  July,  1800,  at  Gaspar  river  church, 
in  Logan  eounty. 

The  First  Division  of  Town  Lots  by  drawing  (lottery,  they  called  it)  was 
set  for  Saturday  evening,  April  22,  1775,  at  Boonesborough.  There  were  54 
lots,  and  no  blanks;  but  dissatisfaction  arising,  the  drawing  was  postponed 
until  next  day.  Next  morning,  Sund.ay,  April  23,  Col.  Henderson  s  journal 
says  they  "  drew  lots,  and  spent  the  day  without  public  worship." 

The  First  Division  of  Cabins — lottery  cabins,  they  called  them — took  place 
in  June,  1774,  in  now  Mercer  and  Boyle  counties,  atoong  a  company  of  .SI 
explorers  under  Capt.  James  Harrod,  who  came  down  the  Ohio  and  up  the 
Kentucky  river  in  periogues  or  canoes,  selected  spots  of  rich  land  near  some 
fine  spring,  and  built  upon  each  spot  an  "  improver's  cabin,"  designing  them 
for  homes  in  the  early  future. 

The  First  Great  Drouth  in  Kentucky  of  which  any  record  is  Itept,  was  ia 
1782.  For  four  months,  from  some  time  in  April  to  the  11th  of  August, 
says  the  journal  of  Col.  Richard  Henderson,  there  was  "  no  rain  of  any  ac- 
count.     Quere,  Whether  corn  will  be  made !" 

The  First  Cattle  Show  in  Kentucky,  or  west  of  the  Allegheny  mountains, . 
free  to  every  body,  took  place  on  the  farm  of  Lewis  Sanders,  adjoining 
Sandersville,  Payette  co.,  in  July,  1816.  The  first  five  judges  of  cattle  at 
that  fair,  were:  Judge  Harry  Innes,  Col.  Nathaniel  Hart,  Capt.  John  Fowler, 
Col.  Hubbard  Taylor,  and  Capt.  John  Jouett — all  of  them  men  popular  and 
prominent,  and  the  first-named  one  quite  distinguished,  in  the  early  history 
of  Kentucky. 

The  First  Ketitucky  State  Agricultural  Society  was  formed,  in  1818,  at  Lex- 
ington, es-Gov.  Isaac  Shelby,  the  first  president. 

The  First  Cargo  brought  up  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  rivers,  from  New 
Orleans  to  Pittsburgh,  was  136  kegs  of  powder,  in  the  winter  of  1776-7  and 
spring  of  1777 — by  Capt.  Wm.  Linn  and  George  Gibson.  When  they  reached 
the  Falls  of  the  Ohio  (now  Louisville),  they  unexpectedly  met  there  John 
Smith  (who  was  still  living  in  1819,  in  Woodford  co.,  Ky.),  who  assisted 
them  in  conveying  it  around  the  rapids — the  first  portage  there — each  man 
carrying  on  his  back  three  kegs  at  a  time.  They  delivered  the  powder  at 
Wheeling,  but  it  was  afterward  transported  to  Fort  Pitt  (Pittsburgh). 

The  First  Steamboats  in  the  world  were  built  by  Kentuckians:  by  John 
Fitch,  in  1787,  '88  and  '89,  who  had  first  conceived  the  idea  while  sitting 
upon  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  in  June,  1780  (see  vol.  II,  p.  649);  by 
James  Rumsey,  in  1787  and  1793  (see  same  page) ;  and,  in  1794,  by  Edward 
West,  on  a  different  plan,  for  which  he  received  a  patent  in  1802  (see  same 
volume,  p.  174). 

The  First  Steamboat  which  ascended  the  rivers  from  New  Orleans  to  Louis- 
ville, was  the  Enterprise,  46  tons,  commanded  by  Henry  M.  Shreve,  of  Louis- 
ville. The  citizens  gave  him  a  public  dinner,  for  making  an  up-trip  in  25 
days  (May  6  to  May  30,  1817),  which  had  hitherto  required  barges  and 
keel  boats  at  least  three  months.  The  same  boat  had  made  the  down  trip 
from  Pittsburgh  to  New  Orleans  in  14  days,  in  Dec,  1814 ;  and  then  as- 
sisted in  carrying  small  arms  and  troops  for  the  battle  of  New  Orleans,  Jan. 
8,  1815.  She  was  tie  fourth  steamboat  ever  built  to  run  upon  the  western 
waters. 

The  First  Mail  conveyed  by  steamboats  on  the  western  waters,  was  in 
1819,  by  Capt.  Henry  M.  Shreve,  of  Louisville,  upon  the  steamboat  Post 
Boy,  200  tons,  between  Louisville   and  New  Orleans. 

The  first  steamboat  navigation  of  the  Big  Sandy  river,  as  high  up  as  Pres- 
tonsburg,  Floyd  co.,  and  Beaver  creek,  10  miles  above,  was  in  1837. 

The  First  Steam  Mill  was  in  Lexington,  in  1812.  Gov.  John  Reynolds, 
of  Illinois,  in  his  Life  and  Times,  says  "  the  first  attempt  to  erect  a  steam 
mill  he  ever  saw"   was  that,  in  the  spring  of  1812. 

The  First  Pension  granted  by  the  stale  of  Kentucky  for  public  services, 


FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY.  519 

was  to  chief  justice  George  Muter,  on  Deo.  26,  1806.  The  act  granting  same 
was  repealed,  over  the  governor's  veto,  on  Jan.  30,  1809. 

The  First  Tree  ever  mai-ked  in  Kentucky  with  initials  of  a  white  man's 
name,  was  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky  river,  in  1754,  by  James  McBride. 

The  First  Almanac  printed  in  the  West,  was  at  Lexington,  in  1788. 

The  First  Brick  House  erected  in  Louisville  was  in  1789,  by  Mr.  Kaye.  It  ia 
not  certain  how  many  elsewhere  in  the  state  were  erected  at  a  prior  date, 
or  whether  any  except  that  of  Col.  Wm.  Whitley  in  1786,  or  1787,  near 
Walnut  Flat,  some  5  miles  west  of  Crab  Orchard,  in  Lincoln  county.  The 
latter  was  two  stories,  each  story  very  high  for  those  days.  The  windows 
were  placed  high  from  the  ground,  to  prevent  the  Indians  from  shooting 
in  at  the  occupants.  The  window-glass  was  brought  from  Virginia  on 
horse-back,  the  boxes  being  suspended  on  a  pack-saddle.  The  stairway  in 
the  hall  had  23  steps,  each  ornamented  with  the  head  of  an  eagle,  bearing 
an  olive  branch  in  its  mouth.  For  the  whisky  drank  by  the  hands  while 
engaged  in  building  this  house,  Col.  Whitley  paid  a  farm  adjoining  his 
residence. 

The  First  Packet  Boat  arrangement  for  taking  passengers  up  the  Ohio 
river  was  opened  on  Nov.  16,  1793,  from  Cincinnati  to  Pittsburgh. 

The  First  "  Port  of  Entry"  in  the  West  was  Louisville,  declared  so  to  be 
in  Nov.,  1799. 

The  First  Family  Carriage  was  brought  to  Maysville,  Ky.,  in  April,  1803,  by 
Maj.  Val.  Peers.     He  also  brought  the  first  Muscovy  Ducks. 

The  First  Fire  Engine  in  the  state  was  probably  that  purchased  by  the 
state  for  use  in  Frankfort,  in  1809. 

The  First  Retaliation  act  passed  by  the  legislature  was  that  of  Feb.  9, 
1809,  forbidding  Ohio  attorneys  to  practice  law  in  Kentucky  courts,  until 
Ohio  should  repeal  her  law  prohibiting  Kentucky  lawyers  from  practicing  in 
Ohio. 

The  First  Scalp  Law  passed  was  on  Jan.  26,  1810,  allowing  pay  for  wolf 
scalps  only. 

The  First  Library  incorporated  was  that  at  Washington,  Mason  co.,  in 
January,  1811. 

The  First  State  Appropriation  to  pay  "  for  digging  stumps  out  of  the 
state-house  yard,"  and  probably  the  last  one  for  that  interesting  object,  was 
on  Feb.  8,  1812. 

The  First  Brigadier- General's  commission  given  to  a  Kentuckian,  was  that 
of  Col.  George  Rogers  Clark,  by  Gov.  Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia  (of 
which  State  Kentucky  was  then  a  part),  on  Jan.  22,  1781. 

The  First  Major-General's  commission  conferred  by  the  state  of  Ken- 
tucky upon  one  not  a  citizen,  was  conferred  by  Gov.  Charles  Scott,  in  June, 
1812,  upon  William  Henry  Harrison,  of  Ohio.  The  tribute  was  mo.st  worth- 
ily bestowed,  snd  the  honor  as  worthily  worn.  He  resigned  it,  May  14, 
1814,  after  the  war  was  over. 

The  First  State-Bouse  burned  was  on  Nov.  25,  1813;  the  second,  on  Nov. 
4,  1824. 

The  First  Great  Treaty  of  Peace  with  a  foreign  government  in  which  a 
Kentuckian  (Henry  Clay)  was  a  conspicuous  commissioner,  was  that  con- 
cluded, Dec.  14,  1814,  with  Great  Britain,  at  Ghent,  in  Belgium,  and  which 
closed  the  war  of  1812. 

The  First  Death  of  a  governor  in  office,  was  that  of  Gov.  George  Madison, 
Oct.  16,  1816.  Great  excitement  in  relation  to  the  succession,  and  the 
question  was  definitely  settled  for  the  future. 

The  First  Suspension  of  Specie  Payments  by  banks  in  Kentucky,  was  on 
Nov.  20,  1818. 

The  First  President  of  the  United  States  who  visited  Kentucky  was  James 
Madison,  who  partook  of  a  public  dinner  in  Louisville,  June  24,  1820. 

The  First  Fugitive  Slave  movement  in  the  legislature,  was  in  Nov.,  1820 — 
when  that  body  by  resolution  requested  the  President  of  the  United  States 
to  negotiate  with  Great  Britain  in  relation  to  restoring  the  fugitive  slaves  in 
Canada. 

The   First  Educational  appropriation  in  the  Ky.  legislature  of  a  general 


520  FIRST  THINGS  IN  KENTUCKY. 

character,  was  the  law  of  Dec.  18,  1821 — setting  apart  one-half  the  profits  of 
the  Commonwealth's  Bank  as  a  "  literary  fund,  for  the  establishment  and  sup- 
port of  a  system  of  general  education."  A  committee  was  also  appointed  to 
"  digest  a  plan  of  schools  of  common  education."     [See  ante,  pages  29,  30.] 

The  First  Unanimous  Election  of  U.  S.  senator,  by  the  legislature,  was 
that  of  Col.  Richard  M.  Johnson,  Oct.  29,  1822. 

The  First  Colored  Schools  to  any  extent  in  Kentucky  were  in  182.5 ;  15 
were  reported  to  the  legislature,  in  Feb.,  1826,  as  then  in  operation. 

The  First  Indictment  for  Murder,  of  a  surviving  duelist,  was  in  Simpson 
county,  in  May,  1827 ;  C.  M.  Smith,  of  Tennessee,  was  indicted  for  killing 
Mr.  Brank,  in  a  duel. 

The  First  Great  Meteoric  Shower  since  Kentucky  was  settled,  was  on  Tues- 
day night,  Nov.  12,  183.3.     [See  ante,  pp.  38,  42.] 

The  First  Convention  of  Editors  was  at  Lexington,  Feb.  22,  1837. 

The  First  Geological  survey  or  reconnoisance  in  Kentucky,  was  in  1838. 

The  First  Celebration  of  the  First  Settlement  of  Kentucky  was  at  Boones- 
borough,  in  Madison  county,  May  24  and  2.5,  1S40.     (See  ante,  pp.  45,  46.) 

The  First  Railroad  Accident  "in  Kentucky  occurred  March  16,  1836,  2 
miles  E.  of  Frankfort ;  a  train  leaped  over  an  embankment,  killing  3  per- 
sons and  wounding  many. 

The  First  Sale  of  Kentucky  Securities,  $100,000  of  Kentucky  internal  im- 
provement scrip,  v\'as  made  in  New  York,  at  a  premium  of  3.10  per  cent. 

The  First  Born-Blind  Person  restored  to  sight,  was  in  Nov.,  1836,  by  the 
late  Dr.  Benj.  W.  Dudley. 

The  First  Great  Balloon  Ascension  was  by  Richard  Clayton,  July  31,  1837, 
from  Louisville— who  traveled  100  miles.  The  same  aeronaut  ascended  from 
Lexington,  Aug.  21,  1835,  sailing  only  15  miles. 

The  First  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  appointed  was  Rev.  Joseph 
J.  Bullock,  on  Feb.  28,  1838. 

The  First  Saw  Silk  produced  in  the  state,  was  on  Jan.  10,  1842,  at  Som- 
erset, Pulaski  CO.     The  first  Silk  Factory  was  at  Newport,  in  Oct.,  1844. 

The  First  Remarkable  Crops  of  Corn  were  raised  in  1840;  198J  bushels, 
195  bushels,  158  and  2-9th  bushels,  120  bushels,  and  110  bushels,  per  single 
or  average  acre  raised.     [See  ante,  pp.  47,  49,  61.] 

The  First  Thanksgiving  Day  appointed  in  Kentucky,  was  Sept.  26,  1844, 
by  Gov.  Robert  P.  Letcher. 

The  First  Giant  Hogs  in  a  lot,  were  7,  raised  by  Edwin  Bedford,  of  Bour- 
bon CO.,  of  720  pounds  average  weight,  and  sold  Nov.  22,  1847. 

The  First  Wire  Suspension  Bridge  erected  in  the  state,  was  at  Frankfort, 
July  19,  1851. 

The  First  Election  for  Judges  in  Kentucky,  was  on  May  12,  1851,  when  4 
judges  of  the  court  of  appeals,  12  circuit  judges,  and  100  county  judges  were 


The  First  Gas  Works  were  erected  at  Louisville,  in  1840. 


CONDENSED   GENERAL  HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

OF 

FEEEMASOI^ET, 

WITH  BBIEF  DETAILS  AS  TO  KENTUCKY. 
BY     CHARLES     EGINTON,    P.  G.  M. 


According  to  well  authenticated  tradition,  this  Order  assumed  nr<ranic 
form  at  the  time  the  King  of  Israel  summoned  the  craftsmen  of  the  valley  of 
Tyre,  the  bearers  of  burden,  and  hewers  in  the  mountain,  to  assist  in  build- 
ing the  Temple  at  Jerusalem.  The  cardinal  points  then  enunciated  date 
their  origin  from  the  beginning  of  time;  and  not  only  guided  King  Solomon 
and  his  brethren,  but  have  been  observed  by  the  craft  through  succeeding 
generations,  down  to  and  inclusive  of  the  present — keeping  pace  with  the 
development  of  humanity,  the  advancement  in  moral  intelligence,  and  the 
march  of  the  world  in  science  and  art. 

Masons  are  all  of  one  mind  in  regard  to  their  traditional  history ;  and 
sensibly  assume  that  the  son  of  David  was  not  ignorant  of  the  customs  of  the 
nations  that  preceded  or  were  around  him  ;  was  well  advised  in  regard  to  all 
prevailing  mysteries;  and  could  readily  see  in  them  a  singular  unity  of 
design,  and  recognition  of  the  God  of  his  father— of  the  God  who  directed 
Moses  through  the  wilderness,  had  gone  with  Joshua  down  into  the  land  of 
Canaan,  and  in  obedienc«  to  whose  command  he  was  erecting  the  wonder  of 
the  world.  And  it  is  but  reasonable  to  suppose,  that  this  man  of  wisdom— 
either  fron.  his  own  judgment,  or  in  imitation  of  antecedent  or  existent 
mysteries — instituted  an  organization  wherein  the  types  and  shadows  of  the 
Jewish  Dispensation,  and  the  interesting  incidents  of  the  past,  were  woven 
into  a  net-work  that  would  thoroughly  commemorate  and  carry  them  un- 
changed into  all  future  time. 

And  when  the  past  and  present  of  Freemasonry  is  considered,  it  may  with 
great  propriety  be  asserted— that  if  Solomon  and  his  colleagues  did  not  orig- 
inate this  Order,  then  the  wisdom  of  those  who  did  is  entitled  to  the  admi- 
ration of  all  the  wise  and  good  who  have  succeeded  them. 

Masonry  is  not  Keligion  or  a  substitute  for  Religion,  but  recognizes  the  same 
Supreme  Divinity,  makes  His  Holy  Word  its  own  Great  Light,  and  as  children 
of  one  family  gather  around  the  same  altar,  bend  in  adoration,  and  reverence 
the  same  parental  authority.  Faith  in  God,  Hope  in  Immortality,  and 
Charity  towards  all  mankind,  are  the  principal  pillars  of  the  Temple.  It 
declares  all  the  brethren  are  upon  a  level,  opens  wide  its  doors  to  all  nations, 
admits  of  no  rank  except  the  priority  of  merit,  and  its  only  aristocracy  is 
the  nobility  of  virtue.  The  symbols  and  allegories  thereof  are  vails,  within 
which  they  who  are  in  search  of  truth  may  enter,  and  gaze  upon  its  pure 
effulgent  light — every  ceremony,  word,  and  token  pointing  to  some  great 
moral  and  religious  truth.  Often  in  that  truth  are  embedded  other  truths  of 
greater  importance ;  so  that  the  patient  seeker  advances  step  by  step  into  the 
full  blaze  of  its  brightness  and  unity,  and  in  progressing  realizes  that  he  is 
acquiring  a  Symbolism  intended  to  promote  individual  and  social  happiness, 
essentially  the  same,  not  only  in  every  part  of  his  own  country,  but  through- 
out the  world,  and  which  other  associations  have  in  vain  endeavored  to 
modernize  and  adapt  to  their  contracted  and  (as  to  most  of  them)  short-lived 
history.  Concerning  this  Order,  the  Grand  Master  in  1870  is  recognized  as 
having  truthfully  declared: 

"  Her  towers  and  monuments  fade  not  away, 
Her  truth  and  social  love  do  not  decay  ; 
Her  actions,  tending  ail  to  one  great  pliun, 
Have  taugtit  mankind  wtiat  man  siiould  be  to  man. 

"  The  object  and  purpose  is  the  same  everywhere  ;  and  every  member — how- 
ever much  he  may  dia'er  in  language  or  nationality,  sectarian    attachment 

(521) 


522  SKETCH  OF 

or  political  preference— has  tlie  same  rights  and  duties,  and  is 
unity  with  every  Freemason  throughout  the  world.  No  other  mere  moral 
organization  possesses  the  power  of  which  Masonry  can  boast ;  none  other 
can  effect  as  much  as  the  Craft  in  disseminating  sunshine  and  dispelling 
gloom.  Meddling  not  with  politics,  interfering  not  with  the  affairs  of  Church 
or  State,  it  has  not  suffered  the  instability  of  other  human  institutions." 

It  is  not  Religion;  but  it  sympathizes  with  the  Christian  when  he  points 
to  Palestine  and  joyfully  recognizes  it  as  the  hallowed  land — where  God  gave 
to  man  a  revelation  of  His  holy  will,  with  whose  people  are  the  endearing 
memories  of  the  elder  dispensation,  where  the  Saviour  was  born,  preached, 
and  died,  and  from  the  summit  of  the  mountain  ascended  unto  glory.  And 
whilst  admitting  that  it  was  in  Jerusalem  that  the  fully  developed  gospel 
was  first  proolaimed,_  there  exercised  its  first  great  power,  and  thence  started 
upon  its  great  mission  to  the  world — overthrowing  idolatry,  causing  the 
potentates  of  earth  to  tremble,  overcoming  the  wild  beasts  in  the  arena — 
convinced  the  doubting  and  carried  heaven  to  the  despairing  heart,  spoke 
for  itself  before  the  judgmentrseat  of  kings,  and  planted  its  standard  in  every 
land,  upon  every  mountain  top,  and  in  every  valley  ;  and  yet  the  Mason, 
whilst  admitting  all  this  to  be  true,  points  to  that  same  Jerusalem  as  the  very 
center  of  the  Masonic  world.  Her  traditions  all  go  there,  from  the  quarries 
of  Zeradatha  and  forests  of  Lebanon,  to  the  ford  of  Joppa ;  and  from  thence 
to  where  David's  contributions,  and  Solomon's  offerings,  and  those  of  Hiram 
of  Tyre  and  Hiram  the  "  cunning  man,"  were  expended  in  erecting  the  temple 
dedicated  to  the  only  true  and  living  God. 

There,  the  first  vow  of  the  Entered  Apprentice  was  uttered — there,  the 
Fellow  Craft  for  the  first  time  beheld  the  Pillars  crowned  with  peace,  unity, 
and  plenty — there  it  was,  the  widow's  son  traced  hia  designs  and  became 
immortal — 

"  There,  as  westward  you  go. 
Near  the  brow  of  the  hill 
The  master  lies  low"— 

There,  the  secrets  of  the  Master  Mason  were  made  known  to  those  who 
waited  with  time  and  patience — there,  the  workmen  were  taught  to  di-aw 
wages — there,  the  trusty  Giblemites  conducted  Solomon  in  his  declining 
years  to  the  oriental  chair — and  it  was  there,  the  Most  Excellent  Master  de- 
dicated the  Cap-stone — and  there,  the  laborers  were  rewarded  for  their  im- 
portant discoveries— there.  Masonry  built  her  first  Altar,  baptized  it  with  the 
dew  of  Hermon,  the  dew  that  descended  from  the  mountains — and  there,  the 
Lord  commanded  a  blessing,  even  life  forevermore.  It  was  there,  Alasonry 
received  her  first  charge  of  light,  and  thence  went  forth  on  her  world-wide 
pilgrimage  into  every  land,  erected  her  altars  in  every  clime,  and  has  her 
ceremonies  uttered  in  every  language. 

The  ever  memorable  land  of  Palestine  is,  and  ever  will  be,  dear  to  the 
heart  of  the  true  Mason  ;  and,  with  the  Christian,  the  Mason  exclaims — 

"  If  I  forget  thee,  0  Jerusalem,  let  my  right  hand  forget  her  cunning. 

"  If  I  do  not  remember  thee,  let  my  tongue  cleave  to  the  roof  of  my  mouth." 

Tradition  continues  its  details  down  to  the  year  926 — when  the  written 
history  begins,  with  the  charter  issued  by  King  Athelstan  directed  to  the 
Master  Masons  of  England,  and  the  convening  of  a  Grand  Lodge  at  York. 
From  that  date,  Masonry  has  made  an  enviable  historic  record  in  every 
nation ;  and  except  where  prescriptive  supremacy  reigns,  is  very  general 
and  flourishing. 

England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland  have  presented  a  succession  of  their  most 
eminent  philantrophists,  statesmen,  and  nobility  in  the  Most  Worsliipful . 
Grand  blaster's  chair,  exercising  the  powers  of  that  great  ofBce;  with 
present  most  happy,  harmonious,  and  numerous  Fraternity  in  every  part  of 
the  United  Kingdom.  The  American  Masonic  excursion  party,  of  June  and 
July,  1873,  fully  realized  this,  in  the  magnificent  receptions  and  entertain- 
ments given  them  as  they  passed  through  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  en  route 
to  tha  Continent;  and  which  will  no  doubt  be  followed  by  joyful   greetings 


FREEMASONRY.  523 

through  Germany,  Italy,  France,    and  other  European  localities,  the  details 
whereof  will  not  be  known  until  after  thia  sketch  will  be  with  the  printer. 

The  first  Masonic  Lodge  in  the  New  World  was  instituted  Julj'  30th,  1733,  under  a 
grant  from  the  Earl  of  Montague,  then  Grand  Master  of  England.  Henry  Price 
was  therein  designated  "  Provisional  Grand  Master  of  New  England  and  the 
Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  belonging  ;"  and  upon  the  day  designated, 
the  Brethren  named  assembled  "in  a  secure  room  of  Y'  Bunch  of  Grapea 
tavern"  in  Boston,  organized,  and  appointed  the  necessary  officers. 

In  1734,  Benjamin 'Franklin  published  the  Masonic  Book  of  Constitutions  ;  and  in 
this  year  Henry  Price  was  constituted  Grand  Master  over  all  North  America, 
and  established  a  Lodge  in  Philadelphia,  with  Benjamin  Franklin  as  first 
Master. 

In  1735,  two  Lodges  were  established  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Nov.  4,  1752,  George  Washington  was  initiated  in  Fredericksburg  Lodge,  Virginia. 

June  24,  1769,  Joseph  Warren  (afterwards  a  Revolutionary  general)  was  created  first 
Provincial  Grand  Master  of  Massachusetts  ;  and  in  1773,  his  Patent  was  enlarged 
to  embrace  the  Continent  of  America.  That  position  did  not  prevent  him  from 
being  among  the  foremost  to  resist  what  he  justly  regarded  as  the  oppression  of 
the  ministry  of  King  George,  and  at  Bunker  Hill,  on  the  17th  of  June,  1775,  to 
yield  up  his  life,  in  behalf  of  National  Freedom.  His  death  dissolved  the  Grand 
Lodge  over  which  he  had  been  presiding,  but  in  the  succeeding  year  it  was 
established  as  the  First  Independent  Lodge  in  America. 

In  1777,  Gen.  David  Wooster,  the  Provincial  Grand  Master  of  Connecticut,  was  killed 
whilst  battling  for  Independence. 

Saint  John's  day,  1778,  Gen.  Washington  appeared  in  a  public  Masonic  procession  at 
Philadelphia,  and  listened  to  an  oration  delivered  in  Christ  Church.  In  1793— 
then  the  first  President  of  the  young  Republic,  but  in  his  Masonic  capacity — 
arrayed  in  the  paraphernalia  of  the  Craft,  and  attended  by  the  imposing  cere- 
monies of  the  Order — he  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington. 
His  confidence  in  and  partiality  for  the  Masonic  organization  was  well  known, 
and  regarded  all  through  the  eventful  struggle  for  Independence  ;  and  nearly 
every  officer  above  or  of  the  rank  of  Captain,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  pri- 
vates, were,  like  their  great  commander,  members  of  the  Mystic  tie;  the  principles 
and  practice  learned  in  the  matters  of  subordination,  obedience  to  constituted 
authority,  and  respect  for  law  and  order,  necessarily  making  them  among  the  best 
soldiers  of  the  Revolution. 

Page  after  page  could  be  filled  with  interesting  Masonic  incidents,  and  the 
part  taken  in  them  by  John  Marshall,  Marquis  de  La  Fayette,  and  other 
great  and  good  men  :  who  justly  regarded  every  member  of  the  fraternity  as 
doubly  bound  to  his  God,  his  Country,  and  his  Fellow-men.  But  the  steady 
advance  of  the  Order  and  its  present  enviable  status  are  sufficient  to  attest 
the  purity  of  purpose  that  is  so  surely  guiding  it  to  a  prosperous  future. 

The  Grand  Lodge  is  composed  of  representatives  from  the  subordinate 
Lodges,  and  is  the  only  true  and  legitimate  source  of  Masonic  authority  under 
which  the  subordinates  congregate.  It  has  the  inherent  power  to  investigate 
and  determine  all  Masonic  matters,  relating  to  the  Craft  in  general,  to  partic- 
ular lodges,  or  to  individual  brethren ;  and  is  required  to  preserve  the  an- 
cient landmarks.  The  Constitution  declares  that  "  it  is  the  duty  of  every 
Freemason  to  live  in  peace,  harmony,  and  love  with  all  mankind ;  to  despise 
hatred,  malice,  and  calumny;  to  practice  universal  charity  and  benevolence; 
to  avoid  as  much  as  possible,  all  law  suits,  and  to  submit  all  differences  that 
may  arise  between  brethren — except  such  as  may  relate  to  real  or  personal 
property — to  be  reconciled  by  the  several  Lodges  to  which  they  belong,  or 
by  the  Grand  Lodge." 

The  Subordinate  Lodge  is  composed  of  Entered  Apprentices,  Fellow  Crafts, 
and  Master  Masons;  and  those  3  degrees,  all  taken  together,  make  up  Blue 
Lodge  Masonry,  and  constitute  the  corner-stone  and  foundation  of  the 
Ancient  Masonic  Temple — which  is  the  most  important  and  controlling  part 
of  the  Order.  Every  well  informed  Royal  Arch,  Knight  Templar,  or  Scot- 
tish  Rite  Mason,  readily  recognises  that  the  Blue  Lodge  is  the  root,  the 
magnificent  trunk — growing  in  ancient  symmetrical  beauty;  while  all  con- 


tained  in  Capitular,  Templar,  or  Scottish  Rite  Masonry  are  branches  of  the 
parent  tree  ;  and  membership  in  those  branches  is  only  attainable  in  regular 
progression  by  those  who  are  Master  Masons  in  good  standing. 

The  following  table  indicates  the  progress  of  Blue  Lodge  Masonry,  and 
shows 

Date  of  Organization  of  Grand  Lodges  in  the  TJnited  States,  number  of  Subordinate 
Lodges,  and  total  of  active  members  in  each  at  close  of  year  1871. 


States  and  Territories. 


Alabama  

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado  Territory 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Dist.  of  Columbia.. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho  Territory... 

Illinois 

Indiana  

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana  

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 


.ES        S 


"2      States  and  Territories 


10,643 
9,83 
9,909 
1,079 

13,715 
1,046 
2,443 
1,769 

15,095 


20,469 
7,307 

15,518 
5,161 

24,622 

23,996 


4,5 


Missouri 

Montana  Territory 

Nebraska 

New  Hampshire... 

Nevada 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington  Ter'tory 
West  Virgin' 


Exj 

tt 

si 

^3 

!-0 

1821 

361 

1818 

296 

1866 

14 

1857 

31 

1789 

71 

1865 

14 

1786 

118 

1787 

683 

1787 

199 

1808 

403 

1851 

39 

1786 

315 

1791 

25 

1787 

146 

1813 
1837 

263 

1794 

91 

1778 

173 

1856 

13 

1865 

43 

1843 

160 

11,528 
678 
1,579 
7,056 
1,028 
9,161 
79.849 
11,148 
27,392 
1,440 
33,328 
3,892 
6,476 
19,401 
12,771 
8,099 
8,825 
496 


It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  12  old  Colonial  or  Provincial  Grand  Lodges 
became  independent  in  the  following  order:  I.Massachusetts,  2.  Virginia, 
3.  Maryland,  4.  Pennsylvania,  5.  Georgia,  6.  New  Jersey,  7.  New  York,  8.  South 
Carolina,  9.  North  Carolina,  10.  New  Hampshire,  11.  Connecticut,  and  12. 
Rhode  Island. 

The  Grand  Lodge  of  Virginia  exercised  jurisdiction  over  Kentucky,  before 
and  for  eight  years  after  the  latter  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state ; 
and  established, 

Nov.  17,  1788 Lexington  Lodge  as  No.  25. 

Nov.  25,  1791 Paris  "  "   No.  35. 

Nov.  29,  1796 Georgetown    "  "   No.  46. 

Subsequently Abraham         "  "  U.  D. 

Upon  the  8th  of  September,  1800,  delegates  from  those  Lodges  met  in 
convention  at  Mason's  Hall,  in  Lexington,  with  John  Hawkins,  of  Georgetown, 
in  the  chair,  and  Thos.  Bodley,  clerk.  Wm.  Murray,  Alexander  MacGregor, 
Thomas  Hughes,  Simon  Adams,  and  Samuel  Shepherd  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  draft  an  address  to  the  G.  L.  of  Virginia — setting  forth  the 
necessity  for  the  establishment  of  a  Grand  Lodge  in  Kentucky,  and  designated 
the  16th  of  October,  1800,  for  the  purpose  of  constituting  "the  same.  Upon 
that  day  the  meeting  was  held,  in  the  same  place,  James  Morrison,  the  oldest 
Past  Master,  presiding.  William  Murray  was  elected  Grand  Master ;  and 
the  numbers  of  the  Lodges  changed  as  follows ;  Lexington,  No.  1 ;  Paris, 
No.  2;  Georgetown,  No.  3;  Hiram,  No.  4;  Solomon's,  late  Abraham,  No.  5. 

Those  five  Lodges  have  increased  until  there  are  now  474  working  Lodges 
in  Kentucky,  with  20,469  active  members.  This  does  not  include  the  many 
thousands  who,  from  long  service  and  other  reasons,  are  non-affiliated,  but  re- 
tain a  steadfast  adherence  to  the  principles  of  the  Order. 


FREEMASONRY 


Grand  3fasters  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Kentucky  from  its   formation,    Oct.   16, 
1800,  until  August  1,  1873. 


iRnn 

WillKim  Murray, 

1824    John  Speed  Smith, 

1849 

John  D.  McClure, 

1801 

James  Morrison, 

182.T 

Thomas  H.Bradford, 

1850 

sjohnM.S.MeCorkle, 

^m?. 

James  Morrison, 

1820 

Samuel  Daveiss, 

1851 

"Chas.  6.  Wintersmith 

1803 

John  Jordan,  Jr., 

1827 

Daniel  Breok, 

1852 

Thomas  Ware, 

1804 

Geo.  M.  Bibb, 

1828 

Robert  Johnston, 

1853 

*Thoma3  Todd, 

1805 

Geo.  M.  Bibb, 

1829 

Wm.  W.  Southgate, 

1854 

Marcus  M.  Tyler, 

ISOfi 

Geo.  M.  Bibb, 

1830 

John  M.  McCalla, 

1855 

*David  J.  Montsarrat, 

1807 

Geo.  M.  Bibb, 

1831 

Levi  Tyler, 

1856 

^Theodore  N.  Wise, 

ISOfl 

John  Allen, 

1832 

John  Payne, 

1857 

Philip  Swigert, 

1809 

John  Alien, 

1833 

Abraham  Jones, 

1858 

■SRobert  Morris, 

1810 

fJohn  Allen, 

1834 

Richard  Apperson, 

1859 

SHarvey  T.  Wilson, 

1811 

tJoseph  Ilamilton 

183,'-, 

Willis  Stewart, 

I860 

Lewis  Landram, 

Davciss, 

18311 

William  Brown,  Jr., 

1861 

»Hiram  Bassett, 

1812 

Anthony  Butler, 

18.17 

James  Rice,  Jr., 

1862 

*John  B.  Huston, 

1813 

Anthony  Butler, 

183^ 

-Derrick  Warner, 

1863 

*Thomas  Sadler, 

ISU 

James  Moore, 

1831 

Geo.  Breckinridge, 

1864 

«J.  D.  Landrum, 

181S 

Daniel  Bradford, 

1841 

Abner  Cunningham, 

1865 

«M.  J.  Williams, 

1816 

Wm.  H.  Richardson, 

1841 

s-Thomas  C.  Orear, 

1866 

Isaac  T.  Martin, 

1817 

Wm.  H.  Richardson, 

1842 

Henry  Wingate, 

1867 

»EIisha  S.  Fitch, 

1818 

Thomas  Bodley, 

1843 

Leander  M.  Cox, 

1868 

Elisha  S.  Fitch, 

ISIS 

Samuel  H.  Woodson, 

1844 

S'Bryan  R.  Young, 

18Ba 

■«Charles  Eginton, 

182(1 

Henry  Clay, 

184i> 

Wm.  UoUoway, 

187(i 

Charles  Eginton, 

1821 

JohnMcKinney.Jr., 

1840 

»Wm.  B.  Allen, 

1871 

*E,  B.  Jones, 

1822 

David  G.  Cowan, 

1847 

James  H.  Daviess, 

1872 

-Edward  W.  Turner. 

1823 

Asa  K.  Lewis, 

1848 

SChas.  Tilden, 

1873 

»Thomas  J.  Pickett. 

In  all  6-4,  of  whom  22  marked  thus  (*)  are  living.  Geo.  M.  Bibb  served  4  terms, 
John  Allen  3,  James  Morrison  2,  Anthony  Butler  2,  Wm.  H.  Richardson  2,  Elisha  S. 
Fitch  2,  and  Charles  Eginton  2. 

t  Killed  at  the  battle  of  River  Raisin.  J  Killed  at  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe. 

The  Grand  Chapter  of  Royal  Arch  Masons',  in  October,  1872,  reported 
105  working  chapters  and  a  membership  of  3,949. 

Grand  High  Priests,  from  the  formation  of  the  Grand  Chapter  of  Kentucky 
in  1817,  'to  the  Ist  of  August,  1873. 


TEAR. 

oa..nHr„Hra.s.s. 

V..K 

oa..nHmH...srs. 

V..H 

— 

1817 

SJa.nes  Moore, 

1835 

S-Nathaniel  Hardy, 

1S56 

*Marcus  M.  Tyler,       ' 

1818 

■'James  Moore, 

1836 

Did  not  meet  this  year 

18,57 

nVilliamH.Forsythe, 

1819 

-James  Moore, 

1837 

Did  not  meet  this  year 

185f 

»William  M.  Samuel, 

1820 

-David  G.  Cowan, 

1838 

Did  not  meet  this  year 

18.5<1 

Thomas  Todd, 

1821  Jan. 

»David  G.  Cowan, 

1839 

■•'Caleb  W.  Cloud, 

1861 

Theodore  N.  Wise, 

1821Dec. 

■'David  G.  Cowan, 

1840 

"William  Brown,  Jr., 

1861 

*Theodore  Kohlhaas, 

1822 

-Wm.GibbesHunt, 

1841 

Derrick  Warner, 

1862 

Thomas  Sadler, 

1323 

-'Jn.McKinney,Jr. 

1842 

»Abner  Cunningham, 

186; 

»Sam'l  D.  McCulIough, 

1824 

-Tho.  McClanahan 

1843 

'■John  M.  McCalla, 

186.1 

William  E.  Robinson, 

1825 

*James  M.  Pike, 

1844 

-Richard  Apperson, 

1865 

Harry  Hudson, 

1826 

-Robert  Johnston, 

1845 

-Herman  Bowmar,  Jr., 

1866 

J.  H.  Branham, 

1827 

-Tho. H.Bradford, 

1846 

»Dempsey  Carroll, 

1867 

*Isaac  T.  Martin, 

-Henry  Wingate, 

1847 

«Wi11i3  Stewart, 

1868 

'  R.  G.  Hawkins, 

1829 

«Levi  Tyler, 

1848 

-Humphrey  Jones,  Jr., 

186a 

E.  B.  Jones, 

Andr.M.January, 

1849 

-James  H.  Daviess, 

1870 

Henry  Bostwick, 

1831 

nVarham  P. 

1850 

Chas.G.  Wintersmith, 

1871 

J.  P.  Rasooe, 

Loomis, 

1851 

■s-Thomas  Ware, 

1872 

William  Ryan, 

1832 

-John  Payne, 

1852 

'Isaac  Cunningham, 

1873 

David  P.  Robb, 

*Jas.  M.  Bullock, 

18.53 

John  M.  S.  McCorkle, 

1834 

''ChurohillJ.Black- 

18.54 

"'John  D.  McCIure, 

burn. 

1855 

Harvey  T.  Wilson, 

These  {'*)  are  dead. 
In  1S07,  the  office  of  Grand  Orator  was  established  by  the  Grand  Lodge, 
and  abolished   in   18.58.     Between  those   dates   the   following  distinguished 
citizens,  now  dead,  were  among  those  elected  to  that  important  position  : 


526 


SKETCH  OF 


Henry  Clay,  ■\Tilliam  W.  Southgate,  Samuel  S.  Nicholas, 

Joseph  Cabell  Breckinridge,  Garret    Davis,  William  S.  Pilcher, 

John  Pope,  -Wilkins  Tannehill,  John  M.  McCalla, 

John  Rowan,  Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  William  S.  Downey, 

William  T.  Barry,  Chilton  Allan,  William  M.  0.  Smith. 

Daniel  Breck,  James  M.  Bullock, 

Besides  those  on  the  roll  of  the  honored  dead,  there  were  many  other  bright 
lights  whose  labors  added  to  the  strength,  moral  status,  and  prosperity  of 
the  Fraternity. 

The  four  great  Executive  continuous  ofScers  were  Daniel  Bradford,  Philip 
Swigert,  Albert  G.  Hodges,  and  John  M.  S.  McCorkl  e. 

In  addition  to  the  service  rendered  by  the  first  named  in  other  stations, 
and  as  publisher,  he,  acceptribly  and  with  great  credit,  between  1801  and 
1831,  performed  the  duties  of  Deputy  Grand  Master,  Grand  Master,  and  for 
23  years  Grand  Secretary  of  the  Grand  Lodge.  He  was  well  worthy  of 
being  called  "  one  of  the  "Fathers  in  Masonry." 

Philip  Swigert,  than  whom  a  better  name  is  not  upon  the  roll  of  time, 
entered  the  Grand  Lodge  in  1820 ;  in  1824-25-26-27  was  Senior  Grand 
Deacon;  in  1828-29-30-31-32,  Grand  Treasurer;  in  1833  became  Grand 
Secretary,  and  continued  as  such  until  1854;  in  1855-56-57,  was  successively 
Junior  Grand  Warden,  Senior  Grand  Warden,  and  Most  Worshipful  Grand 
Master ;  and  for  45  years  was  Grand  Secretary  of  the  Grand  Chapter  of 
Royal  Arch  Masons.  In  every  position — as  clerk,  legislator,  man  of  business, 
private  citizen,  bank  president,  and  Mason — he  was  eminently  true,  faithful, 
intelligent,  and  honorable.  Those  who  knew  him  best,  loved  him  most;  and 
the  Grand  Chapter  has  fitly  inscribed  upon  the  memorial  page  dedicated  to 
his  memory,  that  he  was — "For  half  a  century  a  representative  man  in  Hie 
business  and  Masonic  circles  of  Kentucky,  and  died  without  a  stain  upon  his 
honor." 

Brothers  Hodges  and  McCorkle  have  been  in  active  Masonic  service  so 
long  that  the  memory  of  man  runneth  not  to  the  contrary;  and  are  yet  ex- 
ercising the  vigor  of  youth,  with  the  earnest  wish  of  the  entire  Brotherliood 
of  Kentucky  that  the  Love,  Purity,  and  Light,  which  they  so  pre-epinently 
reflect  may  be  dispensed  by  them  in  person  to  yet  another  generation. 

The  Councils  of  Royal  and  Select  Masters  compose  another  branch  of  the 
flourishing  Masonic  tree — whereof  the  following  are  in  a  prosperous  condition 
in  Kentucky : 


KO. 

NAME  OF  COUNCIL. 

WHERE   HELD. 

35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 

NAME  OF  COUNCIL. 

WHERE   HELD. 

1. 

Lexington. 

Louisville. 

Frankfort. 

Versailles. 

Greensburg. 

Glasgow. 

Bowling  Green 

Covington. 

Hickman. 

Elizabethtown 

Hardinsburg. 

Eddyville. 

Owenton. 

Carlisle. 

Paducah. 

Newport. 

Owensboro. 

Wingate 

Louisville 

Maysville 

Mavsville. 

Ballard  county 
Franklin. 

e 

Versailles 

Franklin 

New  Concord. 

Lodgeton. 

Christiansburg 

Princeton. 

18 

Hickman 

Shelbyville. 
Mt.  Sterling. 

25 

Kassidean 

Henderson 

28 

McClure 

Bewleyville 

Bewleyville. 

Danville. 

Jeffries 

Murray 

Murrav.     ' 

?.i. 

Owensboro 

Representatives  from  those  subordinate  Councils  meet  annually  in  Louis- 
ville, in  October,  and  constitute  a  Grand  Council.  The  following  are  the 
officers  in  1873 : 


FREEMASONRY. 


527 


Comp.  Thomas  Todd G.  P.  Comp.  A.  H.  Gardner G.Treasurer. 

"      Henry  Bostwick D.  G.  P.  "       Rev.    Howard  A.  M. 

"      Joseph  H.  Branham D.  T.  I.  Henderson,  D.  D...G.  Chaplain. 

"      William  Rvan G.  P.  C.  W.      "       Lorenzo  D.CroningerG.C.G.,pro(em. 

"      AUiert  G.  Hodges G.  Recorder.     "       Joseph  T.  Davidson...G.  S. 

The  Grand  Council  of  the  Order  of  High  Priesthood  holds  an  annual  communi- 
cation in  the  Masonic  Temple  at  Louisville,  on  the  Tuesday  succeeding  the 
3d  Monday  in  October  of  each  year.     The  Grand  Officers  in  1873  were  : 

M.  E.  Comp.  Thomas  Todd,  of  Shelbyville Grand  President. 

M.  E.  "  Henry  Bostwick,  of  Covington Grand  Vice  President. 

M.  E.  "  Rev.  Peter  H.  Jeffries,  of  Newport Grand  Chaplain. 

E.  "  John  H.  Davis,  of  Hickman Grand  Treasurer. 

E.  "  Wm.  C.  Hunger,  of  Franklin Grand  Recorder. 

E.  "  Lorenzo  D.  Croninger,  of  Covington Grand  M.  of  Ceremonies. 

E.  "  Charles  Eginton,  of  Covington Grand  Conductor. 

E.  "  Garret    D.  Buekner,  of  Lexington Grand  Herald. 

B.  "  Henry  Hudson,  of  Louisville Grand  Guard. 

The  Knights  Templar  are  in  prosperous  progress,  with  the  following  Sub- 
ordinate Commanderies  in  Kentucky  in  1872  : 


COMMANDERIE 


Louisville,  No    1  

Louisville. 

Lexington. 
Versailles 

Versailles    No.  3 

Montgomery,  No.  5 

Mt.  Sterlin 
Covington. 
Georgetown 
Maysville. 

Maysville,  No.  10 

Paducah,  No.  11.. 
De  Molay,  No.  12, 
Newport,  No.  13... 
Henderson,  U.  D. 
Owensboro,  U.  D. 
Cynthiana,  U.  D. . 
Ryan,  U.  D 


Paducah. 
Louisville 
Newport. 
Henderso 
Owensbor 
Cynthiani 
Danville. 


A  Grand  Commandery — composed  of  Representatives  from  the  Subordinates 
— assembles  at  stated  periods  and  enacts  all  needed  legislation.  The  Grand 
Officers  in  1873  were: 

Rt.  Em.  Sir  Henry  Bostwick Grand  Commander. 

Very  Em.  Sir  James  A.  Beattie , Deputy  Grand  Commander. 

Em.  Sir  Samuel  S.  Parker, Grand  Generalissimo. 

Em.  Sir  Hiram  Bassett Grand  Captain  General. 

Em.  Sir  Rev.  Wright  Merrick Grand  Prelate. 

Em.  Sir  Jacob  Swigert Grand  Senior  Warden. 

Em.  Sir  Matthew  H.  Lewis Grand  Junior  Warden. 

Em.  Sir  David  P.  Robb Grand  Treasurer. 

Em.  Sir  Wm.  C.  Munger Grand  Recorder. 

Em.  Sir  Henry  C.  Courtney Grand  Standard  Bearer. 

Em.  Sir  Jas.M.  Poyntz Grand  Sword  Bearer. 

Em.  Sir  John  0.  Pearce Grand  Warden. 

Em.  Sir  David  M.  Snyder Grand  Captain  Guard. 


Right  El 

Right  El 

Right  El 

D.  D. 


PAST  GRAND  COMMANDERS. 
C.  Munger.  Right  Emin< 


■  William  C.  Munger.  Right  Eminent  Sir  Rev.  Peter  H.  Jeffries. 

■  Hezekiah  H.  Culbertson.  Right  Eminent  Sir  Charles  R.  Woodruff. 
•Rev.  John  M.  Worrall,    Bight  Eminent  Sir  Wm.  A.  Warner. 

Right  Eminent  Sir  M.artin  H.  Smith. 


The  Ancient  and  Accepted  or  Scottish  Rite  of  Freemasonry  was  founded  in 
Louisville,  Aug.  20,  1852.     Its  originators  and  first  officers  were  : 

Henry  Weedon  Gray Gr.  Com.  in  Chief.  I  Fred  Webber Gr.  Secretary. 

Henry  Hudson 1st.  Lieut.  Com.       Lewis  Van  White Gr.  Chancellor. 

John  H.  Howe 2d  Lieut.  Com.  C.  Boerwanger Gr.  Guard. 

Isaac  Cromie Gr.  Treasurer.         | 

These  composed  the  Grand  Consistory  of  32°,  or  Sublime  Princes  of  the 
Royal_ Secret — which  body  supervises  and  controls  the  subordinate  bodies  of 
the  Eite,  viz. :  Lodges  of  Perfection,  14°,  Councils  of  Princes  of  Jerusalem, 


528  SKETCH  OF 

16°,  Chapters  of  Rose  Croix,  18°,  Councils  of  Knichts  Kadosh,  30°;  and  is 
itself  subordinate  only  to  the  Supreme  Council  of  33  /.  degree. 

The  membership  in  Kentucky  is  small — not  quite  200  in  1873 — and  ita 
progress  has  been  slow,  but  sure.  To  hold  the  highest  rank  in  this  Order, 
the  applicant  need  only  be  a  Master  Mason  in  good  standing. 

OFFICERS  AND  MEMBERS  OP  THE  GRAND  CONSISTORY  OF  KENTUCKY,  IX  1873. 

111.    John  W.  Cook,  K.C.  C.  H 33°  Grand  Cum.  in  Chief. 

\Vm.  Ryan,  G.H.  P 32°  1st  Lieut.  Com. 

I.  B.  Webster 32°  2d  Lieut.  Com. 

Henry  H.  Neal 32°  Grand  Constable. 

R.  B.  Caldwell 32°  Grand  Admiral. 

Wm.  Clark,  K.  C.  C.  H 32°  Grand  Min.  of  State. 

Levi  Sloss 32°  Grand  Chancellor 

John  V.  Cowling 32°  Grand  Almoner. 

Wm.  Cromey 32°  Grand  Treasurer. 

Frederick  Webber  33°  Grand  Registrar, 

and  Treasurer  General  of  Supreme  Council  33°. 

Wm.  Alva  Warner,  P.  G.  C.  of  Ky 33°  Grand  Primate. 

James  C.  Purdy 32°  Grand  Master  of  Cer. 

Edwin  L.  Sessions 32°  Grand  Expert. 

John  Gorbutt 32°  Assistant  Grand  Expert. 

Wm.  Kreigshaber 32°  Grand  Eeau'fer. 

S.  T.  Norman 32°  Bearer  Vexillum  Belli. 

W.  M.  Bristol 32°  Master  of  Guards. 

Richard  McQuillan 32°  Chamberlain. 

Ed.  Grauman 32°  Grand  Steward. 

Americas  Wheedon 32°  Aid-de-Camp. 

Wm.  Reinecke 32°  Grand  Organist. 

The  following  33°  also  belong  to  the  Grand  Consistory  : 

John  C.Breckinridge Lexington.  I  James  Alex.  Beatti( 

Henry  Weedon  Gray Louisville.     John  H.  Howe 

John  M.  S.  McCorkle Louisville.  |  A.  W.  Freeman 


The  Masonic  Widow  and  Orphans'  Home,  at  Louisville,  Ky.— one  Tring 
whereof  is  finished,  and  occupied  by  a  hundred  happy  children — is  now 
in  full  progress  of  completion.  And  in  order  to  give  new  life,  and  more 
thoroughly  awaken,  intensify,  and  concentrate  the  entire  JIasonic  mind  of 
Kentucky,  and  the  friends  of  humanity  generally  in  this  state,  the  recent 
Anniversary  of  St.  John  the  Baptist — June  24,  1873 — was  constituted  an 
efficient  help-mate  in  aiding  the  resources  of  this  great  Masonic  charity. 
The  magnificent  demonstration  at  Louisville,  which  exceeded  any  thing  of 
the  kind  ever  attempted  in  behalf  of  the  widow  and  the  orphan,  and  the 
response  from  other  points  to  the  action  of  the  Grand  Lodge  at  its  session 
in  1872,  added  at  least  $30,000  to  the  treasury  of  the  Home;  and  will 
cause  the  natal  day  of  this  distinguished  Patron  Saint  of  the  Order  to  be 
appropriated  annually  to  this  holy  work  until  an  established  fund  is  secured, 
from  the  interest  of  which  this  great  benevolence  will  be  sustained  accord- 
ing to  its  unquestioned  merit. 

The  Masons  generally  have  halls  and  temples  for  their  especial  use,  and  in 
a  great  many  places,  including  Kentucky,  possess  the  most  beautiful  build- 
ings in  the  vicinity.  Throughout  the  United  States  they  now  (Sept.,  1873,) 
have  under  way  magnificent  commodious  structures,  in  value  exceeding 
§4,000,000— besides  the  one  just  completed  in  Philadelphia,  at  the  cost  of 
$1,475,000. 

Hitherto,  the  Masonic  Order  has  had  to  withstand  the  concentrated  pros- 
cription hurled  with  intense  animosity  against  what  the  persecutors  are  pleased 
to  call  "  Secret  proceedings."  And  yet  the  chief  objector  is  more  of  a  secret 
society  than  all  those  complained  of  combined ;  but  without  their  liberality, 
benevolence,  or  self-direction.  It  is  clearly  apparent  that  the  real  objection 
is  because  the  alleged  secret  societies  are  extending  the  area  of  individual 
freedom,  placing  their  members  upon  a  platform  of  mutual  support,  defense, 
and  equality  during  life,  securing  an  honored  burial  and  remembrance  after 
death,  and  fostering  care  for  the  bereaved  dependents  that  survive. 


FREEMASONRY.  529 

The  Sons  of  Temperance,  Odd  Fellows,  Good  Templars,  Knights  of  Pythias, 
Ked  Men,  Good  Fellows,  and  other  orders  and  societies  of  like  character, 
are,  in  common  with  the  Masons,  experiencing  the  proscription  which  induces 
withdrawals  and  resignations,  and  prevents  applications  for  membership. 
Hence  the  Ancient  Fraternity  will  have  help  in  resisting  the  oppressive  in- 
termeddling supervision,  that  claims  the  prerogative  of  dictation,  and  the  right 
to  restrain  personal  independence  of  thought  and  action.  But  whether  this 
help  is  or  is  not  effectual  to  prevent  assumptive  oiEcious  intervention  and  con- 
trol, the  Free  and  Accepted  Mason  should  remember,  that  the  time-honored 
principles  of  his  Order  requires  of  him,  in  his  actions,  to  dignify  humanity, 
exemplify  a  living  faith,  and  throw  over  surrounding  toil  and  trouble  a  bright 
reflection  of  brotherly  love,  relief,  and  truth ;  and  which — when  reasoned 
with  the  cardinal  virtues  of  fortitude,  temperance,  prudence,  and  justice — 
practices  charity  that  vaunteth  not  itself,  tells  not  to  the  left  hand  what  the 
right  hand  doeth,  forgiveth  seventy  and  seven  times,  and  is  yet  rich  in  the 
treasures  of  pardon,  visits  the  sick,  smoothes  the  pillow  of  the  dying,  drops 
a  tear  with  the  mourner,  buries  the  dead,  educates  and  cares  for  the  widow 
and  the  orphan,  instructs  the  ignorant,  and  preaches  good  tidings  to  the  poor 
and  benighted ;  performing  all  these  high  ministrations  in  silent  effective 
power,  and  declaring,  in  decisive  terms,  that  all  within  the  tabernacle  who 
desire  to  be  honored  and  useful,  must  cherish  and  illustrate  the  generous 
feeling  and  ennobling  sentiment  therein  made  known. 

On  March  14,  1874,  the  contract  was  awarded  for  erecting  the  walls  and 
putting  under  roof  the  unfinished  portion  of  the  Masonic  Widows'  and 
Orphans'  Home  at  Louisville — the  main  building,  and  the  south  wing — for 
the  sum  of  §48,720.  It  was  hoped  to  complete  the  house,  with  all  its  ar- 
rangements, during  the  year  1875 — at  the  total  estimated  cost,  including  the 
north  wing  already  occupied,  of  $105,000.  A  similar  concentrated  effort  to 
that  made  on  June  24,  1873,  was  made  on  the  same  day  in  1874  ;  and  the 
charities  of  the  members  and  friends  of  the  Order  again  flowed  in  the  same 
beautiful  channel,  with  a  liberality  and  an  unction  that  shows  how  deep  and 
abiding  is  the  hold  of  the  widow  and  the  orphan  upon  the  great  heart  of  the 
Masonic  Order.  At  the  date  above,  there  were  117  children  in  the  Home ;  with 
the  additions  to  the  building,  there  would  be  room  for  500  inmates. 

"  This  Home  is  the  only  successful  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  United 
States.  When  completed,  it  would  be  the  largest  and  most  imposing  chari- 
table institution  in  the  city  of  Louisville." 

I.. .34 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

OP  THE 

INDEPENDENT  ORDER  OF  ODD-FELLOWSHIP, 

IN    THE   STATE   OF   KENTUOKT. 
BY    REV.    HOWARD   A.    M.    HEXDERSON,    D.  D. 


Organization  of  Boone  Lodge,  No.  1.— The  institution  of  Boone  Lodge  No. 
1,  Louisville,  inaugurated  the  career  of  Odd-Fellowship  in  Kentucky,  Dec. 
10th,  1832.  Xathaniel  Eastham,  Sidney  S.  Lyons,  Thomas  H.  Bi-uee,  and 
Joseph  and  Stephen  Barkley,  met  at  the  house  of  M.  C.  Tallmadire,  on  the 
east  side  of  Fourth  street,  and  selected  a  committee  to  invite  Thomas  Wildey, 
Grand  Sire  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  United  States,  to  visit  Loui.sville  aiid 
institute  a  lodge.  Jlr.  Wildey,  being  en  route  to  New  Orleans,  stopped  at 
Louisville,  and  directed  the  committee  to  apply  immediately  for  a  charter. 
The  petition  was  signed  by  Nat.  Eastham,  Sidney  S.  Lyons,  Stephenson 
Walters,  Thos.  H.  Bruce,  W.  Sutcliffe,  Geo.  G.  Wright,  Joseph  Barkley,  Jno. 
G.  Roach,  and  Thomas  Mayberry.  The  following  was  the  first  cast  of  elec- 
tive officers  of  Boone  Lodge  No.  1:  Sidney  S.  Lyons,  N.  G. ;  Stephen  Barkley, 
V.  G. ;  W.  Sutcliffe,  Treasurer;  Geo.  G.  Wright,  Secretary;  and  John  G. 
Koach,  Recording  Secretary. 

The  first  few  meetings  were  alternately  held  at  the  residences  of  Brothers 
Eastham  and  Tallmadge  ;  but  on  the  20th,  it  was  reported  that  a  suitable 
hall  had  been  procured  of  Rupert  &  Co.,  on  Main  st.  The  formal  institution 
of  the  Lodge  took  place  Jan.  28,  1833 — Grand  Sire  Wildey  (on  his  return 
from  New  Orleans)  officiating  and  installing  the  officers.  Of  those  present 
at  the  organization  of  this  Lodge,  but  two  are  now  connected  with  the  Order — 
Stevenson  Walters,  and  Sidney  S.  Lyons  [the  latter  died  ,  1873]. 

About  1,000  members  have  been  admitted  to  Boone  Lodge,  since  its  inaugur- 
ation, forty  years  ago ;  of  these  over  300  now  remain  in  full  fellowship.  Its 
total  receipts  in  money  aggregate  more  than  $50,000,  of  which  §3.5,000  have 
been  spent  in  the  relief  of  brothers,  strangers,  widows,  and  orphans,  and  in 
burying  the  dead. 

Organization  of  the  Grand  Lodge.— We  pass  over  an  interval  of  years, 
during  which  time  several  lodges  were  instituted,  and  proceed  to  notice  the 
organization  of  the  Grand  Lodge.  On  Sept.  13,  1836,  a  meeting  of  the  Past 
Grands  of  Boone  Lodge  No.  1,  Chosen  Friends  No.  2,  Washington  No.  3, 
and  Lorraine  No.  4,  was  held,  at  Louisville,  to  elect  ofiicers  to  fill  the  vari- 
ous chairs  in  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Kentucky.     There  were  present — 

Past  Grands  Joseph  Metcalfe,  Henry  Wolford,  Sidney  S.  Lyons,  Harry  Barker, 
Thos.  Devan,  Fountain  North,  Wm.  H.  Grainger,  Wm.  S.  Wolford,  Wm.  Irvin,  Charles 
Wolford,  Jesse  Gray,  Peleg  Kidd,  G.  W.  Morrill,  A.  W.  R.  Harris,  Charles  Q.  Black— 
15.     By  proxy — Past  Grands  Benj.  Moses,  Thos.  Clarke— 2.     Total  votes,  17. 

P.  G.  Jesse  Gray,  of  No.  3,  was  chairman,  and  P.  G.  Wm.  S.  Wolford,  Sec- 
retary. Wm.  S.  Wolford  was  elected  Grand  Master,  A.  W.  R.  Harris,  Deputy 
Grand  Master,  Wm.  H,  Grainger,  Grand  Secretary,  and  Henry  Wolford, 
Grand  Treasurer.  Next  day,  the  officers  met  for  inst;vllation.  Wm.  H. 
Grainger  resigned  as  Grand  Secretary,  and  Charles  Q.  Black  was  elected 
unanimously.     Deputy  Grand  Sire  John  Amour  installed  the  Grand  Officers. 

Several  meetings  were  held  during  the  years  1836,  '37,  in  which  the  work 
of  organization  was  perfected.  The  first  lodge  chartered  by  the  Grand  Lodire 
of  Kentucky  was  Friendship  No.  5,  of  Lexington. 

At  the  session  of  May  6,  1837,  P.  G.  Joseph  Metcalfe  was  elected  Grand 
Master,  and  P.  D.  Grand  A.  W.  R.  Harris,  Grand  Secretary — both  without 
opposition. 

In  May,  1838,  Henry  Wolford  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

Proceedings  of  the  Grand  Lodge  from  1837  to  1842. — The  first  regular  com- 
munication of  the  second  term  of  the  Grand  Lodge  was  held,  in  Louisville, 
(530) 


OPD-FELLO'VfSHIP.  531 

Auj;.  5,  1837.  There  were  only  12  Past  Grands  present,  and  the  proceedings 
cover  but  a  single  page.  Now  (1873)  the  Grand  Lodge  is  composed  of  several 
hundred  representatives,  besides  Past  Grands ;  and  a  book  of  200  pages  is 
required  for  the  annual  publication  of  the  minutes.  This  simple  fact  illus- 
trates to  what  magnitude,  from  a  small  beginning,  the  Order  has  attained, 
and  affords  another  demonstration  of  the  propriety  of  observing  the  injunc- 
tion— "  Despise  not  the  day  of  small  things." 

The  session  of  May  4,  1839,  was  held  in  Covington,  and  Wm.  H.  Walker 
elected  Grand  Alaster. 

At  the  meeting,  in  Louisville,  Aug.  3,  1839,  a  resolution  offered  by  Past 
G.  Master  Henry  Wolford,  giving  authority  to  Deputy  District  Grand  Masters 
to  qualify  Past  Grands  in  their  respective  districts  as  members  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  to  vote  by  proxy,  without  personal  attendance,  was  unanimously  adopt- 
ed— which  practice  obtains  to  the  present  time. 

A  special  session  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  wag  called  March  24,  1840,  to  con- 
sider the  petition  of  seven  brothers,  residents  of  Frankfort,  who  were  desirous 
of  opening  a  Lodge  in  that  city,  to  be  denominated  Capital  Lodge  No.  6. 
The  petition  was  granted,  and  the  Lodge  instituted  March  26,  1840.  It  is 
now  one  of  the  most  flourishing  lodges  in  the  state — owning  the  handsomest 
building  in  the  Capital  city.  .^ 

May  2,  1840,  the  Grand  Lodse  met  in  quarterly  session  in  Lexington. 
Hamilton  Martin  was  elected  Grand  Master.  From  1837  to  1840,  when 
Capital  Lodge  was  added  to  the  list,  no  new  lodge  had  been  instituted ;  but 
the  existing  lodges  had  strengthened  in  numbers  and  influence,  furnishing 
a  stable  foundation  upon  which  the  subsequent  grand  superstructure  went  up. 

May  1,  1841,  J.  W.  Bright  was  elected  Grand  Master.  June  2,  1841,  was 
instituted  Franklin  Lodge  No.  7,  at  Lancaster;  Nov.  11, 1841,  Central  Lodge 
No.  8,  at  Danville;  Nov.  22,  1841,  Social  Lodge  No.  9,  at  Stanford;  and 
Dec.  31,  1841,  Union  Lodge  No.  10,  at  Nicholasville. 

Proceedings  from  1842  to  1852. — Jesse  Vansiekles  was  elected  Grand 
Master  in  1842.  The  application  for  charters  for  new  lodges  during  this 
decade  were  so  numerous  that  our  space  will  not  allow  us  to  notice  them 
seriatim.     The  growth  of  the  Order  was  rapid. 

May  6,  1843,  Jas.  S.  Lithgow  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

May  4,  1844,  Wm.  Mathews  was  elected  Grand  Master.  Three  new  lodges 
had  been  instituted  during  the  year.  P.  M.  Jones  was  elected  Grand  Secre- 
tary— A.  W.  R.  Harris  retiring,  after  seven  years  service.  Number  of  con- 
tributing members  538. 

May  9,  184.5,  John  B.  Hinkle  was  elected  Grand  Master.  At  this  meeting 
the  Grand  Slaster  was  authorized  to  grant  dispensations  for  the  opening  of 
new  lodges,  subject  to  the  sanction  of  the  Grand  Lodge.  At  the  session  of 
August  16,  184.5,  the  constitution  for  the  government  of  subordinate  lodges 
was  adopted. 

May  6,  1846,  Alex.  K.  Marshall  was  elected  Grand  Master;  and  during 
his  incumbency  ten  new  lodges  were  instituted. 

May  5,  1847,  John  Fonda  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

Miiy  4,  1848,  John  W.  Pruett  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

July  18,  1849,  Ballard  Smith  was  elected  Grand  Master.  The  retiring 
Grand  Master,  in  his  annual  address,  mentioned  that  Franklin  Lodge,  at 
Lancaster,  had  established  and  controls  one  of  the  largest  and  best  regulated 
schools  in  the  state,  and  that  Montgomery,  Boyle,  and  Clay  Lodges  had  insti- 
tuted libraries. 

July  17,  1850,  George  W.  Johnston  was  elected  Grand  Master.  At  the 
semi-annual  session,  held  Jan.  14,  1851,  Geo.  W.  Morris,  Amos  Shinkle,  and 
Milton  J.  Durham,  who  have  since  become  so  distinguished  in  the  Order — the 
first  named  being  the  Grand  Treasurer  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Kentucky,  and 
the  latter  the  Deputy  Grand  Sire  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  United  States- 
received  the  Grand  Lodge  degree. 

July  16,  1851,  Wm.  Kiddle  was  elected  Grand  Master,  and  James  M. 
Moore  Grand  Secretary.  Resolutions  were  adopted  to  the  effect  that  Odd- 
Fellowship  ignores  all  partisan  or  sectarian  feeling. 


532  'SKETCH  OF 

In  ]852,  the  Decree  of  Rebekah  was  introduced.  July  22,  1852,  Henry  C. 
Pindell  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

The  following  summary  exhibits  the  strength  of  the  Order,  at  the  end  of 
the  decade  under  review  : 

Number  of  Working  Lodges 89 

Past  (Srands 687 

Contributing  Members '. 4,114 

Revenue— Annual $33,674.83 

"  Widows' and  Orphans'  Fund 28,035.12 

For  the  year  1852  the  following  recapitulation  shows  the  work  of  benevo- 
lence in  which  the  Order  was  engaged  : 

Number  of  Brothers  Relieved 407 

"       "         "         Buried 45 

Amount  paid  for  Belief  of  Brothers $5,800.87 

"  "      "         "      "  Widowed  Families 583.59 

"  "      "   Education 418.79 

"      "  Burial  of  Dead 2,255.10— $9,058.35 

Proceedings  from  1852  to  1862. — On  Jan.  17,  1853,  James  M.  Moore  resigned 
the  office  of  Grand  Secretary,  and  Past  Grand  Wm.  White  was  elected — who 
has  held  the  office,  with  great  credit  to  himself  and  profit  to  the  Order,  to  the 
present  time  (1873). 

July  20,  1853,  Peter  M.  Jones  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

July  19,  1854,  Atwood  G.  Dobson  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

July  18,  1855,  Dr.  John  M.  Mills  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

July  15,  1856,  Col.  Amos  Shinkle  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

Nov.  4,  1857,  Geo.  W.  Morris  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

Nov.  2,  1858,  Milton  J.  Durham  was  elected  Giand  Master. 

Nov.  2,  1859,  Cyrus  A.  Preston  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

Nov.  7,  1860,  Ephraim  M.  Stone  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

Nov.  6,  1861,  John  M.  Armstrong  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

Oct.  29,  1862,  John  F.  Fisk  was  elected  Grand  Master. 

At  the  close  of  this  decade  we  find  the  following  was  the  state  of  the  Order: 

Number  of  Working  Lodges 115 

"       "  Past  Grands 1,373 

Contributing  Members 4,034 

Annual  Receipts $21,627.19 

The  Lodges  numbered  as  high  as  147,  but  32  had  surrendered  their  charters. 
The  youngest  born  of  the  decade  was  Merit,  No.  147,  at  Blandville,  Ballard 
county. 

The  benevolent  work  of  the  year  is  thus  recapitulated : 

No.  of  Brothers  Relieved 358 

"     "    Widowed  Families  Relieved 113 

"     "    Brothers  Buried 33 

*'     "   Orphans  under  charge  of  Subordinate  Lodges 331 

Amount  of  Relief  extended  to  Brothers $  6,942.10 

"         "       "             "         "  Widowed  Families 1,800.00 

"         expended  for  Education  of  Orphans 341.47 

"                 "         "    Burying  the  Dead 1,541.85 

Total  amount  for  benevolent  purposes $10,625.47 

Proceedings  from  1862  to  1872. — The  following  were  the  Grand  Masters 
during  this  decade  and  the  date  of  their  election  : 

James  Crockett  Sayers,  Oct.  12,  1863.  Joseph  D.  Trapp,  Oct.  28, 1868. 

Maslin  S.  Dowden,  Oct.  26,  1864.  Speed  Smith  Fry,  Oct.  27,  1869. 

John  D.  Pollard,  Oct.  25,  1865.  Edward  W.  Turner,  Oct.  27,  1870. 

Charles  Q.  Cady,  Oct.  24,  1866.  William  W.  Morris,  Oct.  25,  1871. 

Zach.  Gibbons,  Oct.  22, 1867.  John  C.  Underwood,  Oct.  23,  1872. 

William  T.  Curry,  Oct.  23,  1867. 

At  the  session  of  1865  a  select  committee  was  appointed  to  report  at  the 

next  annual  session  the  best  plan  by  which  the  Order  in  Kentucky  could 

establish  a  home  for  the  widows  and  a  school  for  the  orphans  of  Odd-Fellows. 

P.  G.  Master  Dowden  had  been   the  prime  mover  in  the  matter.     In  1866, 


ODD-FELLOWSHIP.  533 

this  committee  submitted  a  communication  from  Mont<!;omery  Lodge,  No.  IS, 
at  HaiTodsburg,  making  tlie  following  propositions : 

1st.  That  if  said  Grand  Body  will  establish  a  school  for  the  widows  and  orphans 
of  the  Order  in  Kentucky,  and  permanently  locate  the  same  at  Harrodsburg,  this  Lodge 
and  the  citizens  of  Mercer  county  will  give  the  "Springs  Property,"  now  belonging 
to  the  United  States,  known  as  the  "  Soldiers'  Home,"  or  the  property  known  as 
"  Daughters'  College,"  and  the  property  adjacent  thereto,  belonging  to  J.  B.  Bowman, 
or  $25,000,  if  an  endowment  of  $100,000  is  procured  outside  of  Mercer  county,  or 
$50,000  if  an  endowment  of  $200,000  is  procured  as  above. 

2d.  (1.)  That  this  Lodge  will,  through  herself  or  agents,  undertake  to  raise,  within 
twelve  months,  the  sum  of  $100,000  in  cash,  and  as  much  more  as  she  can,  for  the 
endowment  of  said  school,  said  agent  or  agents  to  be  paid  —  per  cent,  for  their  services 
and  expenses  out  of  said  fund.  Should  said  sum  be  not  raised,  then  this  Lodge  and 
the  citizens  of  Mercer  county  to  pay  said  agents  for  their  services  and  expenses.  (2.) 
That  should  said  amount  be  not  raised  within  the  time  specified,  then  the  fund  so 
raised  to  be  refunded  to  the  donors. 

3d.  That  said  Grand  Body,  in  the  event  of  these  propositions  being  accepted,  appoint 
a  committee  to  procure  a  charter  for  said  institution  at  the  next  session  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  Kentucky,  permanently  locating  it  at  Harrodsburg. 

4th.  That  the  said  Grand  Body  instruct  the  Grand  Master  to  convene  said  Grand 
Lodge  when  he  shall  be  notified  by  Montgomery  Lodge,  No.  18,  that  said  amount  has 
been  raised  as  herein  specified. 

5th.  The  plan  and  arrangement  of  said  institution  this  Lodge  leaves  to  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Kentucky  ;  but  suggests  that  the  committee  appointed  to  procure  a  charter 
have  incorporated  in  that  instrument  every  thing  necessary  for  a  college  or  university. 

The  proposition  was  accepted,  and  a  committee  of  five  appointed  to  further 
consider  the  matter — of  which  Wm.  T.  Curry  was  chairman.  Before  the 
close  of  the  session  the  committee  reported  a  comprehensive  plan,  which  was 
adopted.  Since  that  time  the  enterprise  has  been  constantly  growing  in 
public  favor,  until  it  is  understood  that  $250,000  have  been  subscribed— the 
collection  of  which  is  steadily  progressing.  The  day  can  not  be  far  distant 
when  this  noble  institution  will  open  its  hospitable  doors  to  the  wards  of 
benevolent  Odd-Fellowship.  Prof  Hugh  B.  Todd  is  the  present  agent  (Sept., 
1873),  and  is  meeting  with  gratifying  success  wherever  he  puts  in  his  frater- 
nal appearance. 

The  following  recapitulation  will  show  the  state  of  the  Order  in  1872  : 

Initiations,  1871-2 1,280 

Past  Grands 1,917 

Contributing  Members 9,124 

Revenue  or  Annual  Receipts $70,761.39 

iJeKc/— Number  of  Brothers  Relieved 867 

Number  of  Widowed  Families  Relieved 149 

"         "  Brothers  Buried 94 

"         "  Orphans  in  charge  of  Subordinate  Lodges 608 

Amount  of  Relief  extended  to  Brothers $17,680.41 

"         "       "  "  "  Widowed  Families 5,184.16 

"         expended  for  Education  of  Orphans 822.17 

"  "  "    Burying  the  Dead 4,758..37 

Total  amount  expended  for  benevolence $28,667.60 

[Compiled  by  Richard  H.  Collins.] 
The  Right  Worthy  Grand  Encampment  o/A'en^Mci-!/ was  organized  at  Louis- 
ville, Nov.  21,  18.39,  and  the  following  officers  installed  :  Henry  Wolford, 
M.  W.  G.  P. ;  Peleg  Kidd,  M.  B.  G.  H.  P. ;  Levi  White,  R.  W.  G.  S.  W. ; 
Jesse  Vansickles,  K.  W.  G.  J.  W. ;  S.  S.  Barnes,  R.  W.  G.  Scribe;  John  Thomas, 
K.  W.  G.  Treasurer.  But  two  Subordinate  Encampments  had  been  formed 
in  Kentucky,  both  chartered  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  United  States :  Mt. 
Horeb,  No.  1,  at  Louisville,  Aug.  18,  1834,  and  Olive  Branch,  No.  2,  at  Cov- 
ington, May  1.5,  1837.  The  charter  of  the  latter  was  subsequently  surren- 
dered, and  re-issued  in  1844  as  No.  6. 

Moreh,  No.  3,  at  Lexington,  was  the  first  Encampment  chartered  by  the 
Grand  Encampment  of  Kentucky,  Nov.  21,  1839;  Pilgrim,  No.  4,  at  Frank- 
fort, the  next,  on  Feb.  4,  1842 ;  Berith,  No.  5,  at  Nicholasville,  the  next,  on 
Feb.  2,  1844 ;  Kedron,  No.  7,  at  Danville,  Jan.  16,  1846 ;  Salem,  No.  8,  at 
Shelbyville,  Feb.  12,  1846;  Pisgah,  No.  9,  at  Maysville,  May  4,  1846;  Shaff- 


534  SKETCH  OF 

ner,  Xo.  10,  at  Hai-rodsburt;,  same  day;  Amnon,  Xo.  11,  at  Lnnisville,  July 
9,  1846;  Boone,  No.  12,  at  Richmond,  Aug.  26,  1847;  Noah's  Dove,  No.  13, 
at  Newport,  Aug.  30,  1847;  Mt.  Ararat,  No.  14,  at  Paris,  Oct.  2.5,  1847; 
Bethesda,  No.  15,  at  Lexington,  Nov.  13,  1847;  Woodford,  No.  16,  at  Ver- 
sailles, March  1,  1848;  Mt.  Zion,  No.  17,  at  Henderson,  .hine  12,  1848; 
Wolford,  No.  18,  at  Louisville,  Jan.  16,  1850;  Mt.  Nebo,  No.  19,  at  Paducah, 
March  22,  1850;  Magnolia,  No.  20,  at  Owensboro,  May  17,  1850;  Station, 
No.  21,  at  Keene,  July  6,  1850;  Orion,  No.  22,  at  Mountsterling,  July  18, 
1850;  Union,  No.  23,  at  Morganfield,  Sept.  17,  1850;  and  Wildey,  No.  24,  at 
Perryville,  same  date. 

From  1850  to  I860.— The  annual  report  for  the  year  ending  July  1,  1851, 
showed  22  Encampments  in  the  state,  778  contributing  members,  $2,827  revenue, 
145  Past  Chief  Patriarchs,  and  127  initiations  during  the  year. 

In  1854,  there  were  in  the  United  States  28  Grand  Encampments,  541 
Subordinate  Encampments,  with  21,026  members,  and  an  annual  revenue  of 
$95,617,  from  which  $30,926  relief  was  exten-ded.  Kentueliy  was  the  sixth 
ia  number  of  Encampment  members. 

April  26,  1859,  being  the  40th  anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd-Fellows  upon  this  continent,  was  generally  cele- 
brated by  the  Order  as  a  day  of  thanksgiving. 

From  1860  to  1870.— On  July  1, 1860,  the  Grand  Encampment  of  Kentucky 
had  under  her  jurisdiction  23  Subordinate  Encampments,  with  828  contribut- 
ing members;  annual  revenue,  $3,473  ;  Past  Chief  Patriarchs,  172;  initiations 
during  the  year  preceding,  132.  Seven  Encampments  have  been  wound  up 
or  discontinued. 

Nov.  7,  1861,  the  Subordinate  Encampments  were  requested  to  drape  in 
mourning  for  one  year  their  respective  charters — in  memory  of  Past  (jrand 
Sire  Thomas  Wildey,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  "  the  illustrious  founder  of  Odd- 
Fellowship,"  who  died  Oct.  19,  1861,  aged  81  years.  Impressed  in  early  life, 
in  his  native  land  (England),  with  the  advantages  afforded  by  the  association 
of  English  mechanics  known  as  the  "  Manchester  Unity,"  he  determined  to 
carry  out  in  his  adopted  country  the  idea  of  that  organization  in  an  im- 
proved and  more  practical  form;  and  on  April  26,  1819 — in  company  with 
John  Welch,  John  Duncan,  John  Cheatham,  and  Richard  Rushworth,  at  the 
Seven  Stars  Tavern,  in  the  city  of  Baltimore — he  organized  Washington 
Lodge,  No.  1,  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd-Fellows.  From  one  obscure 
Lodge  of  five  men,  he  lived  to  see  the  Order  in  the  United  States  alone  grow 
to  36  Grand  Lodges,  2,935  Subordinate  Lodges,  and  149,239  contributing 
members.  [Sept.  20,  1865,  the  monument  erected — by  contributions  from 
members  of  the  Order,  and  from  the  Lodges,  too — to  commemorate  the  virtues 
of  P.  G.  Sire  Thomas  Wildey  (a  beautiful  statue  of  Charity)  was  unveiled  in 
Baltimore  in  the  presence  of  about  15,000  Odd-Fellows,  drawn  together  from 
all  parts  of  the  country  to  witness  the  interesting  spectacle.] 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  United  States,  in  Boston,  Sept. 
19,  1864,  a  committee  of  five  was  appointed  to  "wait  upon  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  or  other  proper  authority,  and  respectfully  ask  for  protec- 
tion and  relief  against  the  vandalism  of  many  Union  soldiers — in  throwing 
open  many  I.  O.  O.  F.  Lodge-rooms,  in  the  path  of  war,  to  the  gaze  of  the 
prying  world,  and  in  ruthlessly  destroying  the  Lodge  appurtenances,  books, 
and  papers."  At  this  meeting  every  Grand  Lodge  and  Grand  Encampment 
"  within  the  loyal  states,"  was  represented,  except  Vermont. 

Oct.  26,  1864,  the  Grand  Encampment  of  Kentucky  made  it  "  unlawful  for 
members  to  use  spirituous  or  intoxicating  liquors,  or  dispense  or  cause  thi 
same  to  be  dispensed  to  guests,  at  anniversary  festival,  ball,  or  party — where! 
the  regalia  of  the   Order  is   worn,  or  the  name  of  the  Order   is  used 
assumed." 

At  the  annual  meeting  at  Baltimore,  Sept.  18,  1865,  of  the  Grand  Lodj^ 
of  ihe  United  Stales,  when  the  roll  of  representatives  was  called  by  stal 
after  state,  every  jurisdiction  responded  "  here "  except  the  two  states  of 
Florida  and  North  Carolina — although  but  a  few  weeks  after  the  close  of  the 
civil  war.  And  a  resolution  passed  by  a  unanimous  vote — remitting  all  taxes 
accrued  during  the  previous  four  years  against  those  states  which  had  not 


3C- 

he      _ 
is,    M 

mt  ^M 

1 


ODD-FELLOWSHIP. 


535 


been  represented  in  that  time.  This  action  was  so  generous  and  so  unlocked 
for,  that  "  hearts  were  too  full  for  utterance,  and  men  who  had  braved  a 
thousand  dangers  wept  like  children."  The  charity  and  kindness,  the  good 
will  and  brotherly  love,  which  distinguished  the  Order  before  the  war,  was 
its  most  prominent  and  sweetest  characteristic  now. 

The  Grand  Lodge  of  the  United  States,  at  its  meeting  in  1865,  resolved  that 
"  no  Lodge  or  Encampment,  or  any  member  thereof,  should,  in  the  name  of 
the  Order,  resort  to  any  scheme  of  raffles,  lotteries,  or  gift  enterprises,  or 
schemes  of  hazard  or  chance  of  any  kind,  as  a  means  to  raise  funds  for  any 
purpose  of  relief  or  assistance  to  such  subordinatesor  to  individual  members." 
At  the  same  meeting,  prompt  and  effective  means  were  adopted  to  obtain 
from  the  brethren  in  the  states  not  subjected  to  the  ravages  of  the  late  civil 
war  contributions  for  the  aid  of  the  Order  in  the  South,  and  $1,000  were 
appropriated  for  that  purpose  by  that  body.  $11,195  additional  were  contrib- 
uted by  State  Lodges  and  Encampments,  up  to  Sept.  16,  1867,  and  several 
thousand  dollars  subsequently. 

In  1870,  the  establishment  of  Odd-Fellows'  Libraries  was  recommended,  as 
calculated  to  promote  the  best  interests  of  the  Order;  and  in  1871,  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  the  United  States  further  commended  and  encouraged  the  establish- 
ment of  schools,  libraries,  asylums,  and  general  relief  associations,  and  by 
name  "  held  up  to  the  admiration  of  the  world  "  the  action  of  Kentucky  Odd- 
Fellows  in  founding  at  Harrodsburg,  the  Widows'  Home  and  Orphans'  Uni- 
versity. Oct.  25,  1871,  the  Grand  Patriarch  announced  the  required  sum  to 
found  this  noble  institution  subscribed. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  succession  of  highest  ofScers  of  the  Grand 
Encampment: 


WHEN  ELECTED 

H.w.oH..„P«a:.ac„s. 

M.EX.«H..nH.O 

.PH,ESXS. 

Nov.  21 
Jan.  2, 

,1839 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1S62 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 

1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 

Henry  Wolford 

Wm.  H.Walker 

James  S.  Lithgow 

Jesse  Vansickles 

John  Fonda 

..Louisville. 

..Louisville. 

..Louisville. 

..Louisville. 

..Louisville. 

..Louisville. 
..Louisville. 
..Nicholasv. 
..Shelbyville 
..Louisville. 
..Versailles. 
..Covington. 
..Louisville. 
..Lancaster. 
..Covington. 
..Louisville. 
..Louisville. 

.Louisville. 
..Harrodsb'g 
..Maysville. 
..Lexington. 

.Frankfort. 
..Lexington. 

.Covington. 

.Lexington. 

.Lexington. 

.Louisville. 

.Covington. 

.Louisville. 

.Nicholasv. 

.Harrodsb'g 

..Maysville. 

PelegKidd 

Levi  White.. 

...Covington. 
Louisville 

Feb.  4, 
Feb.  3, 
Feb    2 

John  W.  Bright 

John  Fonda 

Tal.  P.  Shaffner 

...Louisville. 
...Louisville. 
...Louisville. 

Taliaferro  P.  Shaffner. 

George  Blanchard 

David  P.  Watson 

Henri  F.  Middleton.... 

Simmons  Watkins 

George  T.  Cotton 

Alexander  H.  Jameson 

May  8, 
May  8, 
May  6, 
July  18 
July  18 
July  16 
July  21 
July  20 
July  19 
July  18 

David  P.  Watson 

..Nicholasv. 

John    M.  Stephens... 
W.  H.  Cunningham. 

Charles  A.  Fuller 

George  W.  Morris.... 

..Louisville. 
..Henderson. 
..Louisville. 
..Louisville. 

William  B.  Mason 

Amos  Shinkle- 

Dr.  Benj.  I.  Raphael... 

William  R.  Hydes 

John  B.  Davies 

William  Thos.  Curry... 

Charles  G.  Cady 

Samuel  L   Adams  

Henry  Gray 

John  B.  Davies 

W.  J.  Cornell 

..Lancaster. 
..Louisville. 
..Louisville 

July  16 
Nov.  4, 
Nov.  3. 
Nov.  2, 

Wm.  L.  Hasbrouck... 
OrviUe  B.  Wiggins... 
Andrew  H.  Calvin.... 
Wm.  N.  Brown. 

..Newport. 

..Covington. 

..Lexington. 

Louisville 

Nov  ?; 

Elias  Rees 

Nov.  6, 

John  D.  Pollard 

Maslin  S.  Dowden 

JohnHambrick 

Andrew  H.  Calvin 

Joseph  D.  Trapp 

George  S.  Moore 

Peter  Beall 

Adolph  Rammers 

James  C.Welch 

Henry  H.  Farnsworth.. 
Thomis  W    Foster 

Frederick  Frishe 

..LouisfiUe!' 

Oct.  28, 
Got.  26 
Oct.  25, 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  23, 
Oct.  28, 

J.  F.  Bamberger 

Rev.  John  W.  Venab 
Adolph    Rammers.... 

Peter  Beall 

James  C.  Welch 

John  W   Combs 

.Louisville. 
e.Versailles. 
..Louisville. 
..Newport. 
..Nicholasv. 

Oct.  27, 
Oct.  26, 

James  W.  Johnson... 

Edward  0.  Hare 

John  J.  Raipe 

J.  B.  Cook 

..Lexington. 
..Covington. 
..Newport. 
Henderson 

Oct.  22, 

Richard  L.  Hornbrook.. 
Dr.  John  P.  Phister 

Oct  29, 

George  Fewlass 

..Newport. 

53G  SKETCH  OF  ODD-FELLOWSHIP. 

In  1867,  the  number  of  Encampments  in  Kentucky  was  23,  of  contributing 
members  1,438,  of  Past  Chief  Patriarchs  3U0,  of  Past  High  Priests  153,  and 
the  annual  receipts  or  revenue  $6,844. 

In  1870,  the  Grand  Encampment  determined  to  hold  its  annual  sessions  at 
such  place  as  the  Grand  Lodge  should  select  for  its  sessions. 

In  Sept.,  1872,  two  citizens  of  Kentucky  were  elected  to  distinguished 
positions  in  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  United  States — Judge  Milton  J.  Durham, 
of  Danville,  R.  W.  Deputy  Grand  Sire,  and  Rev.  John  W.  Venable,  R.  W. 
Grand  Chaplain. 

Oct.  8,  1872,  Anchor  Encampment,  No.  54,  at  Flemingsburg,  was  institu- 
ted— making  44  then  in  active  working  order,  with  2,325  contril)uting  mem- 
bers,$10,693  annual  revenue,  and  over  $3,500  expended  for  benevolent  and 
charitable  purposes,  429  Past  Chief  Patriarchs  and  324  Past  High  Priests. 

At  the  close  of  the  Lodge  year,  in  Oct.,  1873,  there  were  187  Lodges  in 
Kentucky,  an  increase  of  22  within  the  year;  initiations,  1,031,  and  admis- 
sions by  card,  etc.,  during  the  year,  328;  total  membership  9,125;  total 
revenues  or  annual  receipts  $67,777;  number  of  brothers  relieved  862,  to 
extent  of  $20,234 ;  widows'  families  relieved  262,  to  amount  of  $8,866 ; 
orphans  relieved  595,  and  for  the  education  of  a  portion  of  whom  §618  was 
paid ;  for  burying  the  dead,  $5,791  was  expended ;  total  expended  for  bene- 
volence and  charity  during  the  year  $35,511.  Two  Lodge  rooms,  at  Lan- 
caster and  Pleasureville,  were  destroyed  by  iire.  $2,620  was  contributed  by 
the  several  Lodges  in  aid  of  the  sutierers  by  yellow  fever  at  Memphis,  Tenn., 
and  Shreveport,  La. 

A  member  of  a  Lodge  in  Louisville  was  expelled,  for  "  publicly  denying 
the  existence  of  a  Supreme  Intelligent  Being  as  the  Creator  and  Kuler  of  the 
Universe,  and  asserting  that  electricity  is  the  only  Creator  and  Ruler  of 
mankind."  On  appeal,  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Kentucky  sustained  this  action, 
on  the  ground  that  "  one  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  the  Order  estab- 
lished the  recognition  of  the  existence  of  a  Supreme  Intelligent  Being,  the 
Creator  and  Ruler  of  the  Universe,  as  an  absolute  prerequisite  to  member- 
ship." 

TJie  members  of  the  Order  in  Louisville  have  taken  steps  towards  the 
erection  in  that  city  of  a  Grand  Odd-Fellows'  Tabernacle— designed  to  be  tlie 
most  magnificent  building  erected  by  the  Order  in  the  United  States. 

A  complete  history  of  the  Order  in  the  United  States  and  in  the  world, 
since  its  organization,  was  ordered  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  United  States, 
at  its  session  in  1873,  to  be  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  one  of  its 
most  distinguished  officers,  James  L.  Ridgely,  as  historiographer.  It  would 
not  probably  be  published  before  1876  or  1877. 

The  statistics  of  the  Order  in  the  United  States  show,  on  Jan.  1,  1873,  a 
total  membership  of  385,097,  in  5,045  Lodges;  with  59,250  initiations  during 
the  year  just  closed;  and  a  total  revenue,  during  that  year,  of  $4,291,071 — 
of  which  $1,503,471  was  expended  for  relief.  The  gains  as  compared  with 
the  year  preceding — or  annual  growth  of  the  Order — was  most  remarkable, 
viz. :  increase  of  Lodges  753,  of  initiations  9,993,  of  total  membership  57,220, 
of  revenue  $981,061  (nearly  30  per  cent.),  and  of  amount  expended  in  re- 
lief $411,375  (over  37  per  cent.) 


Xss^^isy  R  Dudenain^'NV 


£np  av-eS  expressly  f orathafl  H  CliDnKBislorv-  tfrmhi  tfc- 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH 


INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS  IN   KENTUCKY. 


Ax  act  of  Virjjinia  in  1748  required  all  roads  to  or  from  the  court  house  of 
each  county,  and  all  public  mills  and  ferries,  to  be  kept  well  cleared  from 
woods,  bushes,  and  other  obstructions,  and  all  roots  to  be  well  grubbed  up 
for  30  feet  wide. 

An  act  of  Virginia  in  1785 — which  was  still  in  force  when  Kentucky 
county  beciime  a  state  in  1792,  and  was  re-enacted  by  the  legislature  of 
Kentucky,  Feb.  25,  1797— provided  for  the  opening  of  new  roads  and  tlie 
alteration  of  former  roads  under  surveyors  appointed  by  courts.  All  male 
laboring  persons,  16  years  old  or  more,  were  required  to  work  the  roads,  ex- 
cept those  wlio  were  masters  of  two  or  more  male  slaves  over  said  age ;  or 
else  pay  a  fine  of  7s.  6d.  ($1.25)  for  each  day's  absence  or  neglect  thus  to 
work.  In  the  absence  of  bridges,  mill-dams  were  required  to  be  built  at 
least  12  feet  wide  for  the  passage  of  public  roads,  with  bridges  over  the  pier- 
head and  flood-gates.  The  surveyors  were  authorized  to  impress  wagons,  and 
to  take  timber,  stone,  or  earth  for  building  roads;  and  a  mode  of  paying  for 
same  out  of  the  county  levy  was  provided. 

The  first  road  act  of  the  legislature  of  Kentucky,  of  date  Dec.  14,  1793, 
appointed  Hennett  Pemberton,  Nathaniel  Sanders,  and  Daniel  Weisiger 
"  commissioners  to  receive  subscriptions  in  money,  labor,  or  property,  to  raise 
a  fund  for  clearing  a  wagon  road  from  Frankfort  to  Cincinnati  " — such  road 
being  deemed  "  productive  of  private  convenience  and  public  utility,  and  the 
route  lying  through  an  unsettled  country  which  can  not  be  cleared  in  the 
usual  manner  by  order  of  the  county  courts." 

The  next  road  act,  Dec.  12,  1794,  appointed  commissioners  to  raise  a  fund 
for  clearing  a  road  from  Madison  court  house  [then  Milford,  about  4  miles 
s.  w.  of  Richmond,  the  present  county  seat]  to  the  Hazelpatch,  on  the  road 
leading  from  the  Crab  Orchard  to  Powell's  Valley.  This  road  had  not  been 
opened  on  Dec.  19,  1795,  when  another  act  provided  for  a  wagon,  road  "  to 
commence  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Crab  Orchard  and  to  terminate  on  the 
top  of  Cumberland  mountain,  in  the  gap  through  which  the  present  road  to 
Virginia  passes."  This  latter  road  was  to  be  paid  for  out  of  the  state  treas- 
ury, and  was  opened  in  the  summer  of  1T96.  The  road  from  Milford  to  the 
Crab  Orchard  remaining  unopened,  the  state  appropriated  money  and  the 
road  was  made  in  the  summer  of  1797. 

The  origin  of  turnpikes  in  Kentucky  was  as  follows :  A  turnpike  road,  or  road 
on  which  turnpikes  {i.e.  toll-gates)  are  established  by  law,  and  which  are  made 
and  kept  in  repair  by  the  toll  collected  from  travelers  who  use  the  road — 
the  road  itself  being  formed  by  throwing  the  earth  from  the  sides  to  the  center, 
in  a  rounded  form — is  usually  confounded  with  the  modern  McAdamized 
(invented  by  McAdam)  or  artificial  road  of  broken  stone.  No  such  road  as 
the  latter  was  made  in  Kentucky  until  1829.  By  act  of  March  1,  1797, 
Joseph  Crockett  was  appointed  to  erect  a  turnpike  at  some  convenient  place, 
and  purchase  as  much  land  as  may  be  necessary  for  that  purpose,  not  exceed- 
ing two  acres,  on  the  road  leading  from  the  Crab  Orchard  to  Cumberland 
Gap,  beyond  where  the  road  from  Madison  court  house  intersects  said  road. 
The  turnpike  (toll-gate)  was  to  be  farmed  out  to  the  highest  bidder,  who 
should  give  bond  and  security  payable  to  the  governor  of  the  state  for  the 
faithful  payment  of  his  bid.  He  should  "  have  the  right  and  privilege  to  re- 
ceive the  following  tolls :  for  every  person  (except  post  riders,  expresses, 
women,  and  children  under  the  age  of  ten  years)  nine  pence  (12J  cents)  ;  for 
every  horse,  mare,  or  mule,  9d. ;  two-wheel  carriage,  3s. ;  four-wheel  carriage, 
6s.  ($1)  ;  andfor  every  head  of  neat  cattle  going  to  the  eastward,  3d.  (4^  cents). 
The  surplus  tolls,  after  paying  for  repairing  the  road,  were  to  belom'  to  the 
•  (537) 


538  SKETCH  OF 

keeper  of  the  turnpike  (toll-gate).  Thu3  turnpike  orif^iniillj  meant  toll- 
gate  ;  but  now  generally  means  the  road  itself  on  which  the  turnpike  or  toll- 
gate  is  established.  Robert  Craig  was  the  successful  bidder  and  first  keeper 
of  the  turnpike. 

By  act  of  Dec.  11,  1801,  all  public  roads  between  county  seats,  or  to  any 
salt  works,  or  the  seat  of  government,  were  required  to  be  kept  at  least  30 
feet  wide ;  but  county  courts  might  extend  their  width  to  40  feet. 

The  act  of  Dec.  13,  1S02,  provided  for  the  opening  of  a  road  from  Mount 
Sterling  or  Paris  to  Big  Sandy  river,  in  a  good  direction  to  communicate  with 
the  Greenbrier  road  in  Virginia  which  strikes  the  Kanawha  river  at  Wm. 
Morris'  " — because  said  road  "  would  save  a  considerable  distance  in  traveling 
from  this  country  into  the  eastern  states."  The  road  was  built  by  subscrip- 
tion. 

The  First  Appropriation  of  a  specific  sum  by  the  state,  for  road  purposes, 
was  of  $1,000,  Dec.  21,  1S21,  to  improve  the  state  road  leading  from  Lexing- 
ton to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  from  where  the  said  road  crosses  the  Rolling  Fork  of 
Salt  river  to  and  over  the  summit  of  Muldrow's  Hill.  This  was  "  owing  to 
the  thinness  of  the  population  in  the  neighborhood,  and  to  the  quantity  of 
labor  requisite  to  put  in  repair  that  part  of  the  great  highway  leading  from 
the  northwest  of  the  Ohio  and  upper  settlements  of  this  state,  to  the  states 
of  Tennessee  and  Alabama,  and  the  Orleans  country." 

The  Purchase  of  Tools  for  repairing  roads  was  first  authorized  by  the  state, 
by  act  of  Dec.  11,  1822,  which  directed  the  county  courts  of  Boone,  Camp- 
bell, Mason,  and  Garrard  to  levy  sufficient  for  that  purpose — the  last-named, 
for  keeping  in  good  order  the  road  up  the  cliS"  of  Kentucky  river  opposite  to 
the  mouth  of  Hickman. 

McAdamized  Roads. — A  new  impulse  to  the  building  of  artificial  roads  of 
stone,  as  the  only  kind  which  can  be  permanent  upon  Kentucky  soil,  was 
given  in  the  winter  of  1826-7.  Gov.  Jos.  Desha,  in  his  annual  message  to 
the  legislature,  Dec.  4,  1826,  took  strong  ground  in  favor  of  a  turnpike  road 
from  Slaysville  to  Louisville,  through  the  most  important  towns  (Paris,  Lex- 
ington, and  Frankfort);  adding,  "  Or,  if  it  be  desired  to  have  a  road  as  direct 
as  possible,  from  an  eligible  landing  place  on  the  Ohio  river  above  to  Louis- 
ville below,  it  might  commence  at  Augusta,  run  through  Cynthiana,  George- 
town, and  Frankfort,  and  so  on  to  Louisville."  He  suggested  other  important 
connecting  roads,  and  closed  the  subject  as  follows ; 

"  The  subjects  of  common  schools  and  internal  improvements  may  be  made  auxiliary 
to  each  other.  Let  the  school  fund  now  in  the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth  ($140,917), 
the  proceeds  df  the  sale  of  vacant  lands,  the  stock  in  the  two  banks  belonging  to  the 
state  (S781 ,238),  and  all  other  funds  which  can  be  raised  by  other  means  than  taxes  on 
the  people,  be  vested  in  the  turnpike  roads  ;  and  the  net  profits  arising  from  tolls  on 
those  roads  be  forever  sacredly  devoted  to  the  interests  of  education." 

On  Jan.  22,  1827,  the  Maysville  and  Lexington  turnpike  road  company 
was  incorporated  anew,  with  $320,000  capital  stock — of  which,  at  any  time 
within  three  years  after  complete  organization,  the  United  States  government 
was  authorized  to  subscribe  $100,000  and  the  state  of  Kentucky  the  like  suin. 
Gen.  (afterward  governor)  Thomas  Metcalfe,  then  a  representative  in  con- 
gress from  the  Maysville  district,  brought  before  congress  the  subject  of  an 
appropriation  for  the  proposed  turnpike,  but  too  late  in  the  session  for  im- 
mediate success.  He  induced  the  secretary  of  war  to  order  a  survey  for  the 
location  ol'  a  great  leading  mail  road  from  Zanesville,  in  Ohio,  through  Mays- 
ville and  Lexington,  in  Kentucky,  and  Nashville,  Tennessee,  to  Florence, 
Alabama,  en  route  to  New  Orleans.  On  May  12,  ensuing,  Col.  Long  and  Lieut. 
Trimble,  of  the  U.  S.  engineer  department,  began  the  survey  at  Maysville. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  record  that,  at  this  time,  March,  1827,  the  legisla- 
ture of  Maryland  chartered  the  first  railroad  in  the  United  States,  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio ;  it  was  not  completed  through  to  the  Ohio  river  until  March, 
1853,  twenty-six  years. 

Henceforward,  for  many  years,  roads  were  built  under  the  direction  of  the 
county  courts  under  the  general  law  for  working  the  roads;  rarely  Ky  the  aid 
of  the  state. 

The  Second  Turnpike  gate  authorized  bv  the  state  was  erected  i%.Jul_\ ,  1810, 


INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS.  539 

upon  the  road  leadin!^  from  the  mouth  of  Triplett's  creek,  on  Licking  river, 
to  the  mouth  of  Big  Sandy,  and  the  rate  of  toll  fixed  at  about  one-half  of  that 
charged  at  the  first  toll-gate. 

The  First  Lottery  for  road  purposes  authorized  by  the  state  was  that  of  Jan. 
31,  1811 — to  improve  the  Limestone  road  from  Maysville  to  the  south  end  of 
Washmgton,  in  Mason  county.  Francis  Taylor,  Adam  Beatty,  John  Cham- 
bers, Jas.  Chambers,  Jas.  Morris,  Vincent  Cleneay,  and  John  Brown,  were 
empowered  to  raise  by  lottery,  in  one  or  more  classes,  $.5,000 ;  one-half  of 
the  profits  of  said  lottery  to  be  applied  to  the  improvement  of  the  road  be- 
tween Maysville  and  the  top  of  Limestone  hill. 

The  First  Turnpike  Road  Companies  incorporated  were  those  from  Lexing- 
ton to  Louisville,  and  from  Lexington  to  Maysville — by  the  same  act,  Feb.  4, 
1817,  "  for  the  purpose  of  forming  artificial  roads."  Frankfort  was  made  a 
point  in  the  former,  and  Washington,  Mayslick,  Millersburg,  and  Paris  points 
in  the  batter ;  the  capital  stock  of  each  was  fixed  at  $350,000,  in  shares  of 
$100 ;  five  hundred  shares  ($50,000)  in  each  company  were  reserved  for  the 
use  of,  and  on  behalf  of  the  state,  to  be  subscribed  and  paid  for  in  such  man- 
ner as  the  legislature  should  direct;  the  elevation  of  the  road  not  to  exceed 
five  degrees.  Within  a  year,  the  firstruamed  charter  was  virtually  repealed, 
and  three  new  charters  granted  to  cover  the  same  distance,  from  Lexington 
via  Versailles  to  Frankfort,  from  Frankfort  to  Shelbyville,  and  fi-om  Shelby- 
ville  to  Louisville.  Charters  were  also  granted  for  turnpike  roads  (or  artifi- 
cial roads  of  stone)  from  Louisville  to  Portland  and  Shippingport,  Lexington 
towards  Boonesborough,  Lexington  to  Georgetown,  and  Georgetown  to  Frank- 
fort; and,  Feb.  8,  1819,  from  Georgetown  to  Cincinnati. 

The  legislature  of  Kentucky,  by  resolution,  Feb.  13,  1828,  recommended 
congress  to  extend  a  branch  of  the  national  road  from  Zanesville,  Ohio,  to 
Maysville,  Ky,  and  thence  through  the  states  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Ala- 
bama, and  Mississippi,  to  New  Orleans;  and  instructed  her  senators  in  con- 
gress and  requested  her  representatives  to  use  their  utmost  exertion  to  effect 
this  object.  A  bill  with  an  appropriation  for  this  very  purpose  passed  the 
U.  S.  house  of  representatives,  but  its  effect  was  defeated  in  the  U.  S.  senate 
by  the  vote  of  one  of  the  senators  from  Kentucky,  John  Rowan  !  Its  j)as- 
sage,  then,  in  the  spring  of  1828,  when  President  John  Quincy  Adams  "was 
ready  to  approve  the  bill,  would  have  secured  the  prompt  completion  of  the 
road  by  national  and  state  aid. 

While  action  "  along  the  line  "  was  thus  delayed,  the  little  town  of  Mays- 
ville— with  the  gamest  and  truest  population  in  the  world,  of  less  tlian  2,000 — • 
determined  that  something  should  be  done.  So,  calling  upon  the  friends  of 
home  improvement  at  Washington,  and  procuring  from  the  legislature,  Jan. 
29,  1829,  a  charter  for  the  Maysville  and  Washington  turnpike  road  com- 
pany, four  miles  long,  the  $20,000  of  stock  was  subscribed  in  April,  1829, 
the  first  spade  of  earth  dug,  amid  great  rejoicing,  on  the  4th  of  July  ensuing, 
and  the  short  road  steadily  pushed  to  its  completion,  Nov.  7,  1830.  It  was 
by  far  the  most  difiSoult  and  steep  of  the  whole  road  as  afterwards  extended 
to  Lexington — the  grade  of  the  Maysville  hill  being  4J  degrees,  while  none 
of  that  south  of  Washington  exceeded  2  degrees. 

But  while  this  beginning  of  great  things  in  the  future  was  thus  inaugurated, 
the  cause  of  internal  improvements  was  being  pressed  before  congress.  In 
that  body,  a  bill  passed  the  house  of  representatives,  April  29,  1830,  by  yeas 
102  to  84  nays,  "authorizing  and  directing  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  to 
subscribe,  in  the  name  and  for  the  use  of  the  United  States,  for  1,500  shares 
[$150,000]  of  the  capital  stock  of  the  Maysville,  Washington,  Paris,  and 
Lexington  turnpike  road  company  " — to  be  paid  for  in  the  same  installments 
as  by  the  stockholders  generally,  except  that  not  more  than  one-third  should 
be  demanded  during  the  year  1830.  It  passed  the  U.  S.  senate.  May  15, 
by  24  to  18 — Geo.  AI.  Bibb,  of  Ky.,  voting  against  it,  and  his  colleague, 
John  Rowan,  of  Ky.,  voting  for  it  "  under  instructions."  Daniel  Webster, 
of  Mass.,  and  Judge  Josiah  Stoddard  Johnston,  of  La.  (formerly  of  Wash- 
ington, Ky.)  both  spoke  and  voted  for  it,  while  Judge  Felix  Grundy,  of 
Tenn.,  (whom  Kentucky  had  delighted  to  honor,  up  to  1827,  a^  Ipng  as  he 


540  SKETCH  OF 

remained  one  of  lier  citizens)  voted  against  it — as  did  every  senator  from 
the  southern  states,  except  John  McKinley,  of  Ala.  In  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives, of  the  12  Kentucky  members.  Dr.  Nathan  Gaither  alone  voted 
against  it :  the  others  for  it,  viz.  :  Thomas  Chilton,  James  Clark,  Nicholas 
D.  Coleman  (still  living  in  La.,  Oct.,  1873),  Harry  Daniel  (died  Oct.  5,  1873, 
aged  nearly  91),  Richard  M.  Johnson,  John  Kincaid  (died,  1872,  in  Tenn.), 
Joseph  Lecompte,  Robert  P.  Letcher,  Chittenden  Lyon,  Charles  A.  Wick- 
liffe  (died  Nov.  1,  1869),  and  Joel  Yancey. 

Gen.  Jackson's  Veto. — But  President  Andrew  Jackson  dashed  forever  the 
hopes  of  national  aid  to  vrorks  of  internal  improvement  in  Kentucky,  by 
vetoing  the  bill,  12  days  after  its  passage.  May  27,  1830.  This  extraordi- 
nary measure  gave  to  the  road  a  fame  broad  as  the  Union,  but  of  no  avail 
towards  its  completion— unless  it  may  have  stimulated  somewhat  or  aroused 
afresh  the  enthusiasm  excited,  the  year  before,  by  the  spirited  and  inde- 
pendent course  of  the  brave  little  city,  Maysville  (by  whose  name  the  road 
has  always  been  best  known),  and  by  the  additional  fact  that,  on  Jan.  29, 

1830,  the  legislature  of  Kentucky  had  made  it  lawful  for  the  governor  to 
subscribe  for  not  over  $25,000  in  the  stock  of  the  company — none  of  which, 
however,  to  be  paid  until  three  times  the  amount  required  of  the  state  had 
been  paid,  ijy  the  stockholders,  in  gold  or  silver,  or  its  equivalent.  During 
the  month  of  April,  1830,  $30,500  were  subscribed  at  Paris,  $13,000  at  Lex- 
ington, $5,200  at  Millersburg,  $8,000  in  Nicholas  county,  and  $10,300  at 
Maysville,  in  addition  to  what  the  latter  town  had  already  done  in  building 
the  road  as  far  as  Washington.  Other  efforts,  soon  after,  increased  the  sub- 
scription, and  31  miles  of  the  road  were  promptly  put  under  contract.  The 
legislature,  Jan.  15,  1831,  subscribed  $50,000,  and  other  sums  during  the  next 
five  years,  until  the  whole  amount  of  state  aid  and  stock  to  this  road  was 
$213,200 — just  one-half  of  the  entire  cost  of  the  road. 

Thus,  on  Jan.  29,  1830,  the  state  made  its  first  appropriation — and  that 
conditioned  upon  three  times  the  amount  having  been  subscribed  and  paid 
by  other  stockholders — to  an  artificial  or  McAdamized  road  ;  and  on  Jan.  15, 

1831,  its  first  unconditional  subscription — both  in  aid  of  the  same  enterprise. 
Appropriations,  at  the  outset,  were  made  in  moderate  sums  and  slowly;  but 
the  system  of  building  such  roads  by  state  aid  was  fairly  inaugurated,  and 
steadily  grew  in  importance  until  it  embraced  all  the  great  thoroughfares 
and  some  side  roads,  and  the  state  had  permanently  invested  in  them  at  least 
the  sum  of  $2,539,473. 

By  Nov.,  1837,  the  subscriptions  of  individual  stockholders  in  incorporated 
road  companies  amounted  to  nearly  or  quite  $2,000,000.  Of  McAdam 
road  343  miles  had  been  finished,  and  236  miles  more  were  under  contract; 
in  addition  to  this,  30  miles  of  McAdam  road  were  finished  (10  miles  from 
Louisville  towards  Bardstown,  and  20  miles  from  Louisville  towards  Shelby 
ville),  in  which  the  state  had  taken  no  stock. 

In  the  subjoined  table,  we  have  indicated — 

1.  The  name  of,  or  localities  connected  by,  turnpikes  in  which  the  state  is  a 

stockholder. 

2.  The  length  of  each  road  in  miles. 

3.  The  number  of  miles  being  worked  upon,  or  finished,  when  state  aid  ceased. 

All  the  receipts  from  tolls,  upon  certain  roads,  were  allowed  to  be  used 
in  extending  or  completing  them. 

4.  The  sum  actually  paid  to  each  road,  up  to  Nov.  20,  1837. 

5.  The  total  paid  by  the  state,  to  each  road,  before  state  aid  ceased. 

6.  The  total  dividends   received  by  the  state  from  each  road,  up  to  Oct.  10, 

1867 — (later  data  not  being  accessible,  when  needed). 

7.  The  number  of  yearly  dividends  paid  over  to  the  state. 

8.  The  annual  average  of  dividends  received,  or  per  cent,  upon  sum  subscribed, 

reckoning  from  about  the  date  of  original  payment  or  investment  by  the 
state. 


INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 


Name  or  Locality  of  Turnpike 


Maysville  and  Lexington 

Lexington,  Danville,  and  Lancaster 

Lexington,  Harrodsburg,  and  Perryville.., 

Lexington  and  Winchester 

Lexington  and  Richmond 

Lexington,  Versailles,  and  Frankfort 

Frankfort  to  Shelbyville 

f  Frankfort  to  Hardinsville 

j  Hardinsville  to  Crab  Orchard 

Frankfort  to  Georgetown 

{Lexington  to  Georgetown 
Georgetown  to  Williamstown 
Williamstown  to  Covington 

Maysville  and  Bracken 

Maysville  and  Mount  Sterling 

Bardstown  to  Springfield 

(-Louisville  to  Bardstown 

}  Bardstown  to  Glasgow 

(Glasgow  to  Tennessee  Line 

(  Louisville,  via  Mouth  of  Salt  River,  tt 

I      Elizabethtown 

■[  Elizabethtown  to  Bell's  Tavern 

Bell's  Tavern  to  Bowling  Green 

[Bowling  Green  to  Tennessee  Line 

Logan,  Todd,  and  Christian 

New  Market,  Lebanon,  and  Washington... 

Muldrow's  Hill  and  Bridge 

Versailles  to  Kentucky  River 


1 

J 

2 

s 

Is 

1 

s 

i? 

2i 

1-2" 

.2 

1 

^S 

-ll 

5 

iS 

H 

o     a 

64 

S 

64 

26 

$213,200 

$213,200 

$131,024 

42 

42 

99,100 

151,382 

154,255 

28 

42 

35 

19,800 

109,646 

19,881 

8 

IK 

18 

29,100 

45,100 

19,566 

12 

2,^ 

26 

43,147 

76,383 

66,455 

23 

27 

27 

78,028 

78,122 

49,909 

24 

32 

32 

65,000 
12,614 

65,000 
12,614 

57,016 

26 

db 

6b 

106,799 

183,113 

75,258 

30 

17 

17 

49,326 

58,725 

16,588 

24 

12 

12 

27,256 

30,270 

33,826 

26 

HH 

16 

83,223 

3,310 

S 

37 

28 

26,000 

86,913 

IS 

II 

K 

25,948 

4,646 

9 

.•in 

?:?. 

7,400 

88,072 

9,584 

6 

18 

18 

49,135 

65,190 

3,378 

HH 

29 

96,000 

100,000 

90,526 

21 

fia 

M 

289,825 

0 

36 

110,385 

0 

43 

41 

35,801 

140,721 

5,690 

4 

4i) 

28 

118,778 

101 

2 

24 

24 

85,489 

9,503 

11 

27 

21 

87,194 

2,114 

4 

76 

149,429 

0 

I.") 

l.'i 

2,656 

966 

3 

5 

5 

22,167 

55,145 

4,640 

13 

12 

6 

7,530 

20,000 

0 

The  cost  to  the  state — not  reckoning  the  additional  outlay  by  private  and 
corporation  stockholders — of  the  great  thoroughfares,  vras  as  follows  : 

1.  Maysville  to  Lexington,  64  miles,  $213,200. 
Lexington  to  Frankfort,                                    27     "     —     91  miles,  78,122— $291,322 
Frankfort  to  Louisville,                                     52     "     —  143       "       65,000—   356,322 

2.  Covington  to  Lexington,  85     "     200,406 

3.  Louisville,Bia  Frankfort,  to  Crab  Orchard,  123     "     260,727 

4.  Louisville,  via  Bardstown  and  Glasgow,  to  Tennessee  Line,  144  miles 500,210 

5.  Louisville,  via  Month  of  Salt  River,  Elizabethtown,  Munfordville,  Bell's 

Tavern,  Bowling  Green,  and  Franklin,  to  Tennessee  Line,  145%  miles.   432,182 

These  roads  were  all  built  upon  the  general  McAdam  plan — the  stone 
broken,  usually,  so  as  not  to  exceed  six  ounces  in  weight;  and  laid  upon  the 
road,  according  to  probable  wear,  9  to  10  inches  deep,  and  1  to  3  inches 
deeper  in  the  center.  The  roadway  was  graded  from  30  to  50  feet  wide,  and 
the  stone  laid  from  16i  to  20  feet  wide.  The  total  cost  per  mile  varied  from 
$5,046  to  $7,359,  including  bridges.  The  bridges  over  the  rivers  cost  from 
$36,217  to  $60,000,  with  spans  of  from  176  to  240  feet;  while  those  over  the 
creeks  and  small  streams  ranged  from  $500  to  $8,000,  with  spans  from  20  to 
100  feet. 

The  total  cost  of  the  road  from  Louisville,  via  Bardstown,  Glasgow,  and 
Scottville,  to  the  Tennessee  Line,  including  bridges,  was  about  $970,000. 

The  cost  of  the  Maysville  and  Lexington  turnpike,  64  miles,  was  $426,400, 
including  13  toll-houses  and  6  covered  bridges — an  average  of  $6,662J  per 
mile. 

Many  "  State  Heads  "  were,  before  1835,  ordered  by  the  state  to  be  re- 
viewed or  surveyed,  and  opened — usually  at  the  cost  of  the  county's  levy,  or 
by  private  subscription.  Of  the  following,  built  entirely  at  state  cost,  that 
marked  No.  2,  and  probably  also  No.  3,  were  known  as  dirt  turnpikes — being 
well  graded,  and  with  toll-gates  established  upon  them: 


542  SKETCH  OF 

1.  Crab  Orchard  and  Cumberland  Gap $  6,655 

2.  Owingsville  and  Big  Sandy 168,783 

3.  Mountsterling  and  Virginia  Line 23,243 

4.  Pikeville  and  Sounding  Gap 6,324 

5.  Mouth  of  Troublesome  and  Sounding  Gap 1,180 

The  First  Public  Ferries  established  by  special  law,  in  Kentucky,  ivere  the 
following — all  established  by  the  legislature  of  Virginia: 

1.  At  the  town  of  Boonesborough,  in  the  county  of  Kentucky,  across  Ken- 
tucky river,  in  Oct.,  1779 — the  keeping  of  which  and  emoluments  therefrom 
were  granted  to  Col.  Richard  Callaway,  his  heirs  or  assigns,  so  long  as  they 
should  well  and  faithfully  keep  the  same. 

2.  In  178.5,  across  the  Kentucky  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Hickman's  creek — 
James  Hogan's. 

3.  Across  the  same,  at  the  mouth  of  Jack's  creek — David  Crews' — in  1785. 

4.  Across  the  same,  at  Stone  Lick — from  the  land  of  Wm.  Steele,  in  Fayette 
county,  to  that  of  John  Craig,  in  Lincoln  county— in  178.5. 

5.  Two  ferries  across  the  Ohio  river,  from  the  lands  of  Col.  John  Campbell, 
in  Jefferson  county — one  to  the  mouth  of  Silver  creek,  and  the  other  to  the 
mouth  of  Mill  run — in  17*35. 

6.  In  1786,  across  the  Kentucky  river,  from  the  lands  of  Gen.  James  Wilkin- 
son, in  the  town  of  Frankfort. 

7.  In  1786,  across  the  same,  on  the  lands  of  John  Curd,  at  the  mouth  of  Dick's 
river  ;  a  town  was  established,  called  New-Market. 

8.  In  1791,  across  Cumberland  river,  from  the  land  of  Joseph  Martin  to  that 
of  Wm.  Hord. 

9.  By  the  legislature  of  Kentucky,  on  Dec.  22,  1798,  across  the  Kentucky 
river,  at  the  rope-walks,  one  mile  above  Frankfort — from  the  lands  of  Elijah 
Craig,  and  called  East  Frankfort. 

RIVER    NAVIGATION. 

The  first  act  passed  by  the  Kentucky  legislature  in  reference  to  water- 
courses was  that  of  Dec.  15,  1792,  making  a  penalty  of  $2  for  each  24  hours 
any  obstruction  was  continued  to  the  passage  of  fish  or  boats  in  any  navigable 
stream — except  said  obstruction  were  a  dam  for  the  purpose  of  working  a 
■water  grist-mill  or  other  water-works  of  public  utility.  In  conformity  with  the 
old  law  of  Virginia. 

By  the  second  act,  that  of  Dec.  19,  1793,  commissioners  were  appointed  to 
raise — by  subscriptions  of  money,  labor,  or  property— a  fund  for  clearing  and 
opening  the  navigation  of  the  South  fork  of  Licking,  from  its  mouth  (at  Fal- 
mouth) to  the  junction  of  Hinkston,  and  Stoner,  and  also  that  of  Stouer's 
fork,  as  high  as  the  mouth  of  Strode's  creek.  On  the  latter  stream,  the 
mills  or  mill-dams  then  erected  should  not  be  removed  or  pulled  down ;  but 
the  owners  thereof  should,  by  Dec,  1801,  build  sufficient  locks  and  slopes  for 
the  passage  of  all  boats  that  may  navigate  the  said  forks.  By  two  subsequent 
amended  acts,  the  latest  being  Dec.  18,  1798,  the  first  lottery  in  aid  of  riv 
navigation  was  authorized. 

By  act  of  Dec.  12,  1794,  the  mills  and  fish-dams  and  other  obstructions 
main  Licking  river  and  Slate  creek  were  ordered  to  be  eB'ectually  removed 
by  May  1,  1795 — under  £3U  penalty.  But  this  policy  was  reversed,  Dec.  21, 
1799,  by  an  act  permitting  mill-dams  across  Main  Licking,  provided  that, 
below  the  mouth  of  Slate  creek  dams  should  not  exceed  two  feet  in  height, 
and  should  have  such  locks  and  slopes  as  would  secure  the  free  passage  of 
boats  and  fish.  Another  act,  of  same  date,  permitted  dams  not  over  seven 
feet  high,  for  water  grist-mills,  on  the  South  fork  of  Licking,  but  with  like 
slopes  and  locks  sufficient  for  the  passage  of  fish  and  boats.  Under  the  first 
of  these,  Maj.  Geo.  M.  Bedinger  built  a  dam,  witli  lock  and  slope  on  Main 
Licking,  near  (just  above)  the  Lower  Blue  Licks.  But  such  were  ihe  evas' 
or  violations  of  the  law,  as  to  an  efficient  slope  in  the  dams  on  South  Lick- 
ing and  Stoner,  that  an  amended  act  of  Dec.  16,  1802,  required  the  slope 
(having  reference  to  the  bed  of  the  stream,  both  above  and  below  the  dam) 
to  be  of  the  following  dimensions  : 

"  The  level  of  the  upper  end  of  the  slope  shall  be  at  least  two  feet  lower  than  * 


INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS.  543 

rest  of  the  dam,  on  each  side  thereof;  and  the  ends  of  the  timbers  of  the  dam,  on  each 
side  of  the  slope,  shall  be  beveled  or  sloped,  so  as  to  prevent  boats  from  hanging  upon 
the  corners  or  ends  of  the  dam.  The  slope  shall  be  at  least  40  feet  wide  ;  and  the 
apron  or  slant  of  the  slope  below  the  dam  shall  be  extended  8  feet  in  length,  fur  every 
foot  the  dam  shall  or  may  be  raised  in  perpendicular  height  (measuring  to  the  level  of 
the  upper  end  of  the  slope).  The  apron  or  slant  of  the  slope  shall  be  made  of  strong 
timbers,  closely  joined  together,  to  prevent  the  water  from  running  through  ;  and  on 
each  side  of  said  apron  or  slant,  shall  be  fixed  a  strong  piece  of  timber,  15  feet,  adjoin- 
ing to  the  dam — raised  2  feet  above  the  apron  of  the  slope,  to  prevent  the  water  from 
flying  off  at  the  sides.     There  shall  be  a  sign  or  index  suspended  over  the  center  of  the 

slope,  for  a  guide  for  boatmen Each  mill  owner  shall  keep  his  slope  constantly 

in  good  repair,  shall  clear  away  all  drift-wood  lodged  against  or  about  the  slope,  and 
also  cut  down  all  trees  standing  in  the  bed  or  channel  of  the  river,  and  such  leaning 
trees  as  might  injure  the  passage  of  boats,  and  also  burn  or  remove  all  drift-wood  for 
the  distance  of  at  least  200  yards  below  the  mill-dam."  A  penalty  was  fixed,  of  $10 
for  each  24  hours  of  failure  to  comply,  to  the  person  suing  for  the  same. 

But  all  these  acts  proving  inadequate  to  remove  and  prevent  the  obstruc- 
tions in  the  navigation  of  the  South  and  Stoner's  forks  of  Licking,  the  act  of 
Dec.  15,  1804,  appointed  commissioners  in  both  Bourbon  and  Harrison  coun- 
ties to  examine  and  estimate  the  cost  of  removing  the  natural  obstructions, 
to  open  subscriptions  for  a  fund  to  pay  same,  and  to  contract  for  said  work 
to  be  done ;  if  necessary,  $500  additional  to  the  fund  subscribed  should  be 
raised  as  part  of  the  county  levy. 

The  First  Company  Chartered  to  improve  the  navigation  of  any  river  in  the 
state  was  "The  Kentucky  River  Company,"  on  Dec.  19,  1801,  with  $10,000 
capital  stock,  shares  $50  each — to  be  subscribed  in  the  counties  and  under 
direction  of  commissioners  as  follows  : 

Franlclin — Christopher  Greenup,  Bennett  Pemberton,  Thos.  Todd 20  shares. 

Woorf/orrf— Robert  Alexander,  Thos.  Bullock,  Wm.  Steele 20      " 

Fayette— Jus.  Trotter,  John  Jordan,  Thos.  Wallace 30      " 

C/orfc— David  Bullock,  Robert  Clark,  Jr.,  DiUard  Collins   15      " 

Jlfarfison— John  Patrick,  Jas.  Barnett,  John  Wilkinson 22      " 

tforrorrf— John  Harrison,  Thos.  Kennedy,  Abner  Baker 18      " 

Jlfercer— Gabriel  Slaughter,  Jas.  Birney,  Jas.  Moore 22      " 

■/essamiiie— Wm.  Price,  Geo.  Walker,  Benj.  Bradshaw 15      " 

&o«— Wra.  Henry,  David  Flournoy,  Bartlett  Collins 20      " 

iiiicohi— Isaac  Shelby,  Wm.  Logan,  Wm.  Whitley 18      " 

Said  company  was  to  clear  out  of  the  Kentucky  river,  from  its  mouth  to 
the  mouth  of  its  South  fork,  all  obstructions  which  "  they  may  judge  will  im- 
pede or  obstruct  the  passage  of  boats,  or  which  shall  be  absolutely  necessary 
to  improve  the  navigation  of  the  river."  When  so  completed,  and  so  long  as 
approved  by  two  commissioners  appointed  by  the  governor  to  examine  the 
navigation  annually,  in  July  or  August,  it  was  made  lawful  for  the  company 
to  collect  tolls  as  follows  :  For  each  boat  not  more  than  14  feet  wide  and  30 
feet  long,  $4 ;  45  feet,  $5  ;  60  feet,  $6  ;  and  9  cents  for  each  foot  larger.  For 
each  keel-boat,  periogue,  or  canoe,  of  over  1  ton  burden,  12i  cents  for  each 
foot  in  length.  For  each  100  hogshead  or  pipe  staves  or  headings,  or  each 
loo  feet  of  plank  or  scantling,  if  floated  on  a  raft,  4  cents,  or  of  other  timber, 
12J  cents.  Boats  loaded  with  coal,  lime,  iron,  or  other  ore,  or  household 
furniture,  to  pay  not  over  three-fourths  of  the  above  rates. 

The  undertaking  seemed  too  great  for  even  such  a  substantial  body  of  men  ; 
and  after  nine  years  of  continued  losses  from  obstructions,  another  favorite 
paper-plan  was  set  on  foot,  by  act  of  Jan.  10,  1811.  This  authorized  the  , 
raising  of  $10,000  ly  lottery,  under  the  care  of  eleven  other  leading  men — to 
be  expended  in  "  clearing  of  all  logs,  brush,  trees,  rocks,  fish-traps,  shrubbing 
the  points  of  islands,  and  removing  other  impediments  "  from  the  Kentucky 
river,  and  its  South  fork,  and  Goose  creek,  as  high  up  as  the  salt  works  of 
Gov.  James  Garrard  and  Sons.  "  Further  time  was  allowed,"  several  times, 
but  nothing  practical  done,  as  late  as  1813. 

Red  River,  from  its  junction  with  the  Kentucky  as  high  up  as  Clark's 
and  Smith's  iron  works  thereon,  was,  by  the  act  of  Dec.  4,  1805,  required  to 
be  kept  open  for  the  navigation  of  "  boats  and  other  vessels;"  dams  for  mills 
or  other  water-works  being  permitted,  if  provided  with  sufiGicient  locks  to  ac- 
commodate navigation  fully. 


544  SKETCH  OF. 

The  First  Act  /or  improving  the  Navigation  of  Green  River  was  passed  Feb. 
16,  1808.  It  kid  upon  the  several  county  courts,  thrnush  or  by  which  the 
navigable  portion  of  Green  river  passed,  the  responsibility  of  "clearing  out 
that  stream  and  keeping  it  in  navigable  condition  ;  requiring  overseers,  an- 
nually, in  July,  August,  and  September,  to  "  work  it"  with  hands  from  the 
neighborhood — i.  e.  to  remove  all  fish-pots,  all  dams  not  erected  under  author- 
ity of  the  legislature,  and  all  logs,  to  cut  and  clear  away  all  projecting  tim- 
ber, to  shrub  all  points  of  islands,  and  remove  any  other  obstructions  in  the 
channel.  Hands  were  "  exonerated  by  the  payment  of  75  cents  per  day." 
An  amendatory  act,  Jan  10,  1811,  declared  the  navigable  part  of  the  river 
to  be  that  below  the  mouth  of  Knob  Lick  creek,  in  Casey  county ;  which,  a 
year  later,  was  changed  to  that  below  the  Adair  county  line. 

Qf  the  Branches  of  Green  Hiver :  By  the  act  of  Jan.  18,  1810,  Mud  River, 
from  its  mouth  up  to  its  Wolf  Lick  fork,  was  required  to  be  opened  and  kept 
in  repair,  by  the  outlay  of  §2,000  to  be  raised  by  subscription,  and  by  the 
work  of  tithables  ;  Big  Barren,  from  its  mouth  to  its  Bay's  fbrk,  by  alike  sub- 
scription and  like  work ;  Pond  River  should  remain  unobstructed  from  its 
mouth  to  within  half  a  mile  from  Brier  creek;  and  Roitgh  Creek,  from  its 
mouth  to  Long's  ferry.  By  act  of  Jan,  31,  1812,  Drake's  Greek,  in  Warren 
eounty,  as  high  up  as  John  Harris'  mills,  was  to  be  cleared  by  the  outlay 
of  SSI, 500,  to  be  raised  by  subscription. 

In  Feb.,  1816,  was  inaugurated  a  system  (which,  as  late  as  1870,  had  not 
embraced  all  the  streams  by  name)  of  declaring,  by  special  act,  the  various 
small  rivers  and  creeks  in  the  commonwealth  to  be  Navigable  Streams — too 
often  giving  them  a  dignity  and  importance  they  did  not  possess  or  merit. 

The  Green  and  Barren  River  Navigation  was  the  first  to  seriously  engage 
the  attention  of  the  state.  Indeed,  the  sum  of  $526  was  actually  expended 
upon  it,  in  surveys,  in  1833,  $15,272  in  engineering  and  work  upon  the  locks 
in  1834,  and  $40,033  in  1835,  before  any  expenditures  upon  other  rivers.  The 
appropriations  by  the  state,  for  this  work,  reached  Sl25,500,  and  were  mostly 
expended,  before  the  close  of  1836 — whereas,  to  the  same  date,  the  outlay 
upon  the  line  of  the  Kentucky  river  was  only  $5,108,  and  upon  the  Licking 
$1,273.  The  total  estimated  cost,  in  1834,  of  four  locks  and  dams  in  Green 
river  and  one  in  Barren  river  was  $230,988,  or  within  a  fraction  of  $862  per 
mile — the  system  embracing  the  permanent  improvement  of  180  miles  in  Green 
and  Barren  rivers  connectedly,  30  miles  in  GreerW^er,  above  the  mouth  of 
Barren,  30  in  Muddy  river,  9  in  Pond  river,  and '^in  Rough  creek;  or  268 
miles  in  all.  A  lock  in  Rough  creek,  to  cost  $14,891,  would  extend  the 
navigation  up  to  Hartford,  Ohio  county,  a  little  over  28  miles  from  its  mouth ; 
and  a  lock  in  Pond  river,  to  cost  $15,340,  would  extend  its  navigation  to  30 
miles.  The  plans  were  drawn  after  similar  finished  works  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  contractors  were  experienced  men  from  that  state  and  from  the 
Muscle  Shoal  works  on  Tennessee  river. 

The  total  amount  paid  by  the  state,  up  to  Nov.  20,  1837,  was  $243,194  for 
Green  and  Barren  river  navigation,  but  only  $69,146  for  that  on  Kentucky, 
and  $2,300  for  that  on  Licking  river ;  besides  $4,735  for  removing  fish-dams 
on  Kentucky  river,  and  the  sums  spent  for  lime  and  engineering. 

The  total  amount  expended  to  complete  the  permanent  navigation  up  to 
Bowling  Green,  requiring  four  locks  in  Green  and  one  in  Barren  river,  was 
$859,126.79,  which  included  $34,055  for  hydraulic  lime. 

In  13  out  of  23  years,  between  the  years  1843  and  1865,  small  dividends 
were  realized  to  the  state  from  this  line  of  navigation — the  smallest  not 
quite  $32,  in  1859,  and  the  largest  $5,610,  in  1855 ;  but  more  than  these  sums 
were  paid  back  for  repairs,  in  other  years. 

During  the  years  named,  the  gross  expenditures  on  Green  and  Barren 
rivers  were $269,813.66 

And  the  gross  receipts  for  same  time 265,002.59 

Excess  of  expenditures  over  receipts,  1843  to  1895 $4,811.07 

Lock  and  dam  No.  2  was  let  in  Jan.,  1834,  and  its  gates  opened  in  Dec, 
1837,  not  quite  four  years  after  its  commencement;  No.  1  was  begun  Oct.  7, 


INTERNAL    IMPROVEMENTS.  545 

]5!34,  and  opened  in  1S40;  Ko.  3  wns  let  in  1836,  and  the  gates  opened  in 
1838— 2i  years;  Ko.  4  in  1836,  and  opened  in  184'J ;  No.  1,  in  Ban-en  rivei-, 
was  let  in  Jnne,  1836,  and  opened  in  1842.  But  by  reason  of  imperfect  work, 
and  of  damases  by  freshets,  constant  appropriations  from  the  state  were  re- 
quired to  "  finish"  each  of  the  locks  and  dams. 

The  State  Board  of  Internal  Improvement,  in  their  report  of  Jan.  13,  1844, 
say  that  "  the  works  upon  the  Green  river  have  cost  the  state  nearly  f.ve 
times  the  estimated  cost  in  1833,  which  formed  the  basis  of  our  first  lep'sla- 
tion  in  favor  of  this  system;  and  the  works  upon  the  Kentucky  river  from 
three  to  four  times  the  amount  of  the  estimated  cost  of  1835,  by  Mr,  Baker." 
The  actual  average  cost,  per  mile,  of  the  Green  and  Barren  river  navisia- 
tion,  180  miles,  was  $5,010.73— against  $1,283.27  as  estimated  and  reported 
to  the  legislature  by  the  Board  of  Green  River  commissioners,  Jan.  2,  1835— 
or  a  trifle  less  than  four  times  the  original  estimate. 

The  Survey  of  RocTicastle  River,  from  the  point  where  it  is  crossed  by  the 
road  leading  from  Richmond,  Madison  county,  to  London,  Laurel  county, 
down  to  the  mouth,  52  miles,  was  made  in  1837.  The  entire  descent  w.aa 
207  feet — of  which  75  feet  (2.4  feet  in  a  mile)  occurred  in  the  first  31  miles 
from  the  Richmond  road  ;  62  J  feet  (5.7  feet  in  a  mile)  in  the  next  11  miles, 
to  the  head  of  the  Big  Narrows  ;  30  feet  in  the  upper  end  of  the  Big  Nar- 
rows, 8-lOths  of  a  mile  long,  and  21  feet  in  the  lower  end,  4-lOths  of  a  mile 
long;  and  in  the  remaining  9  miles  to  the  Cumberland  river,  the  descent  was 
40  feet  (4.5  feet  in  a  mile).  The  estimated  cost  of  17  locks  and  dams,  to 
make  a  slackwater  navigation  of  52  miles,  was  $898,600.  There  were  no 
corresponding  advantages  to  justify  such  an  outlay,  and  the  work  was 
never  begun. 

The  Survey  of  the  Cumberland  River,  from  the  Cumberland  Falls  in  Whitley 
county  to  the  state  line  of  Tennessee,  173  miles,  was  made  in  1837.  From 
the  Falls  to  the  mouth  of  Laurel  river,  10  miles,  the  descent  was  So  feet  (8.5 
feet  in  a  mile) ;  from  Laurel  river  to  the  head  of  the  Great  Shoals,  24  miles, 
the  descent  was  only  31  feet  (1.3  feet  in  a  mile);  from  the  head  of  the  four 
Great  Shoals  to  the  foot,  9  miles,  54  feet  (6.0  to  the  mile,  average,  but  on 
Long  Shoal  13  feet  to  the  mile);  and  from  the  foot  of  the  Shoals  to  the  Ten- 
nessee line,  129  miles,  only  94i  feet  (an  average  of  only  8.8  inches  to  the 
mile).  The  estimated  cost  of  (13  locks  and  dams)  slackwater  navigation  for 
steamboats,  from  the  mou^jof  Laurel  river  to  the  Tennessee  line,  163  miles, 
was  $1,578,871 ;  but  it  m||P  be  accomplished  for  $510,548,  so  as  to  enable 
steamboats  to  run  from  three  to  five  months  in  each  year,  and  coal  boats  to 
descend  when  there  should  be  water  enough  for  them  to  pass  over  the  com- 
mon ripples. 

The  Survey  of  the  Great  South  Fork  of  Cumberland  River,  from  its  mouth  to 
the  point  where  a  road  then  proposed  from  Louisville  to  Knoxville,  Tenn., 
was  to  cross  it,  49  miles,  was  made  in  1837.  From  the  mouth  to  the  Little 
Jumps,  30.8  miles,  the  descent  at  low  water  was  78  feet  (2i  feet  to  the  mile); 
over  .Messer's  Shoal,  a  little  more  than  a  mile  long,  the  descent  was  15  feet; 
over  Sloan's  Shoal,  a  little  over  fths  of  a  mile,  the  descent  was  12  feet;  and 
above  the  Little  Jumps,  for  16  miles,  about  140  feet  (nearly  9  feet  to  the 
mile).  At  a  low  stage  of  water,  the  bed  of  the  river,  on  a  distance  of  IJ 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  Alum  creek,  is  entirely  dry,  and  nearly  dry  for  a 
mile  below.  The  cost  of  slackwater  navigation  for  small  steamboats,  as  far 
up  as  the  Little  Jumps,  was  estimated  at  $347,850. 

The  Survey  of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Kentucky  River,  and  of  Goose  Creek,  its 
principal  branch,  was  made  in  1836-7;  commencing  near  Gen.  White's  salt 
works,  at  the  junction  of  Collins' and  East  forks,  and  continuing  down  Goose 
creek  to  its  junction  with  the  Red  Bird  fork;  thence  down  the  South  fork  to 
its  junction  with  the  Kentucky  river.  The  whole  distance  was  about  68  J 
miles,  and  the  descent  206.7  feet.  The  distance  from  the  mouth  of  Collins' 
fork  to  the  junction  of  Goose  creek  and  Red  Bird  fork  was  26J  miles,  and 
the  descent  Id  feet  (about  2.8  feet  to  the  mile).  The  channel  was  crooked, 
and  varied  in  width  from  70  to  100  feet.  From  the  junction  last  mentioned, 
the  distance  along  the  South  fork  of  the  Kentucky  to  the  main  river  is 
I...  35 


54G  SKETCH  OF 

nearly  42  miles;  and  the  descent  131 J  feet  (a  little  more  than  3.1  to  the 
mile).  The  South  fork  varies  in  width  from  150  to  200  feet.  The  itreatest 
obstacle  to  its  navigation  is  The  Narrows,  4J  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Goose 
creek;  they  are  1.2  miles  lonjr,  and  have  a  descent  of  12J  feet.  Below  the 
Narrows  there  were  but  few  obstructions.  One  lock  and  dam  at  the  foot  of 
the  Narrows,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  $68,520,  would  make  coal  rises  at  a 
stajte  two  feet  lower  than  without  such  lock.  A  slackwater  navigation  for 
small  steamboats,  from  the  mouth  of  the  South  fork  up  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Ked  Bird  fork,  42  miles,  would  require  17  locks,  and  cost  $1,099,746. 

A  Canal  from  the  Goose  Creek  iSalt  Works  to  Cumberland  Ford  was  sur- 
veyed in  1837 — a  distance  of  36  miles,  requiring  a  lockage  of  160  feet.  The 
Cumberland  river  at  Barboursville  was  121  8-lOths  feet  higher  than  the 
Goose  creek  at  the  Salt  Works.  From  the  Ford  the  survey  was  along  the 
north  side  of  Cumberland  river  to  within  about  a  mile  of  Barbounsville; 
thence  up  the  valley  of  Richland  creek  to  the  dividing  ridge  between  its 
headwaters  and  those  of  Collins'  fork,  and  through  the  ridge  (by  a  tunnel  of 
one  mile,  or  a  deep  cut  of  about  40  feet  at  the  summit)  ;  thence  down  Col- 
lins' fork  to  the  head  of  the  proposed  slackwater  navigation  at  the  Goose 
Creek  Salt  Works.     No  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  canal  was  made. 

The  Survey  of  the  upper  part  of  Big  Barren  Siver,  and  of  the  country  between 
its  headwaters  and  the  Cumberland  river,  was  made  in  1836-7,  beginning  at 
the  mouth  of  Peter's  creek,  on  Barren  river;  thence  up  tlie  latter  stream,  30 
miles,  to  the  junction  of  the  Long  and  East  forks — an  ascent  of  89.6  (about 
3  feet  to  the  mile);  thence  up  to  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek,  16  miles — an  ascent 
of  90J  feet  (5J  feet  per  mile);  thence  up  Mill  creek  to  its  source,  8  miles 
and  4,260  feet— an  ascent  of  184J  feet  (nearly  21  feet  to  the  mile);  thence 
to  Glenn's  Gap,  the  lowest  point  in  the  divide  or  summit  ridge  between  the 
Big  Barren  and  Cumberland  rivers,  the  distance  is  only  4,500  feet,  but  the 
ascent  98  feet  (about  112  feet  to  the  mile).  A  canal  connecting  the  two 
rivers  was  pronounced  impracticable.  The  distance  from  Glenn's  Gap  to 
Cumberland  river  was  a  little  over  5J  miles,  and  the  descent  466  feet. 

The  Survey  of  Little  River,  from  Hopkinsville,  on  the  Town  fork  or  branch, 
to  where  the  Little  river  empties  into  the  Cumberland — a  distance  of  73 
miles  by  water,  but  only  30  miles  across  by  land — was  made  in  1837.  The 
descent  was  176.4  feet  (about  2.7  feet  to  the  mile).  The  navigation  was  found 
to  be  impracticable  for  steamboats  higher  up  thi^g  Jackson's  mill,  23  miles; 
thence  up  it  might  be  made  navigable  for  boat^fc40  or  50  tons.  Estimated 
cost  of  locks  and  dams  and  towing  path  to  H^minsville,  $779,900.  From 
the  mouth  at  Cumberland  river  up  to  Cadiz,  in  Trigg  county,  17  miles,  could 
be  navigated  at  good  stages  of  water  by  small  steamboats,  if  the  leaning  trees 
were  cut  from  the  banks. 

The  Survey  of  Salt  River  and  two  of  its  branches,  the  Beech  and  Rolling 
Forks,  was  made  in  1837.  From  the  mouth  of  Salt  river,  at  West  Point, 
Hardin  county,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Rolling  Fork,  llj  miles,  the  ascent  was 
1.2  feet,  and  the  river  about  230  feet  wide ;  thence  to  the  foot  of  Burke's 
island  shoal,  8.7  miles,  the  ascent  was  11.6  feet  (a  little  over  1.4  feet  to  the 
mile),  and  the  width  of  the  river  about  150  feet;  thence  to  the  head  of  the 
Falls,  at  Shepherdsville,  Bullitt  county,  the  distance  was  nearly  3  (2.9)  miles, 
and  the  ascent  24.8  (of  which  14.4  was  included  in  the  Falls);  on  the  Falls, 
the  river  was  about  500  feet  wide;  on  the  next  8  miles,  above  the  Falls,  the 
ascent  was  but  trifling  (about  1\  inches),  the  width  of  the  river  gradually 
•narrowing  to  about  250  feet ;  thence  to  the  crossing  of  the  Louisville  and 
Bardstown  turnpike,  nearly  5|  (5.7)  miles,  the  ascent  was  nearly  8  feet,  and 
the  average  width  of  the  river  about  170  feet ;  thence  to  Taylorsville,  Spencer 
county,  18.2  miles. the  ascent  was  45.4  feet,  and  the  river  from  100  to  160 
feet  wide — with  many  small  islands  during  the  last  23  miles.  Four  locks 
and  dams — about  11,  20,  21,  and  23  miles  from  the  mouth,  respectively — 
estimated  cost,  $282,533,  would  make  Salt  river  navigable  for  small  steam- 
boats for  37J  miles,  to  the  Bardstown  turnpike. 

At  the  Fulls  of  Salt  River,  at  Shepherdsville,  the  river  descends  14  4-lOths 
feet  in  about  1  3-lOths  miles,  and  in  the  succeeding  1  6-lOths  miles,  10  4-10th9 
feet— making  in  all  nearly  25  (24.8)  feet,  in  less  than  3  miles.     It  affords  a 


INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS.  547 

fine  site  for  permanent  water  power,  at  comparatively  Bmall  expense.  In 
1837,  one  forge,  manufacturing  blooms,  was  in  operation,  and  a  rolling-mill 
in  progress  of  construction ;  while  an  iron  furnace,  3  miles  distant,  turned 
out  annually  700  to  800  tons  of  pig  metal  and  castings. 

On  the  Boiling  Fork,  the  distance  from  its  mouth  at  Salt  river  to  the  mouth 
of  its  Beech  fork  was  19.9  miles,  the  ascent  29.6  feet  (about  1 J  feet  to  the  mile), 
and  the  average  width  about  150  feet.  Steamboat  navigation  to  this  point 
could  be  secured  by  two  locks  and  dams,  in  addition  to  the  one  just  below 
its  mouth,  in  Salt  river.  From  the  Beech  Fork  to  Sulphur  Lick  creek,  51J 
miles,  the  ascent  was  112.9  feet  (nearly  2.2  feet  to  the  mile),  the  width  varied 
from  60  to  200  feet,  and  the  river  too  crooked  for  steamboats,  and  also  having 
too  little  water,  during  the  dry  part  of  the  season.  It  was  estimated  that 
$4,453  would  remove  the  snags,  leaning  trees,  and  drift-wood — so  as  to  make 
good  descending  navigation. 

Of  the  Beech  Fork,  the  ascent  up  to  the  Bardstown  ford,  20.8  miles,  was 
42.6  feet  (nearly  2.1  feet  to  the  mile);  and  to  the  Spvinifield  turnpike,  18.1 
miles  further,  52.4  feet.  From  the  mouth  of  the  Rolling  Fork,  up  that 
stream  and  up  the  Beech  Fork  to  the  mouth  of  Hardin's  creek,  55  miles, 
steamboat  navigation  by  locks  and  dams  was  estimated  to  cost  $503,756. 
The  completion  of  the  turnpike  roads  to  Louisville  took  off  most  of  the  trans- 
portation by  these  streams. 

The  Survey  of  Little  Sandy  River,  made  in  1837,  extended  from  its  mouth 
up  to  Carter's  salt  works,  41  j  miles  by  the  course  of  the  stream,  but  only  19 
miles  by  a  direct  line  ;  the  ascent  was  86J  feet  (at  little  over  2  feet  to  the 
mile);  average  width  of  the  river  over  120  feet;  it  was  too  crooked  to  be 
navigated  by  steamboats.  There  were  4  dams  across  the  river  below  Carter's 
salt  works,  built  to  create  water  power  to  drive  the  machinery  of  iron  works 
and  mills;  one,  8  feet  high,  at  the  Falls,  1|  miles  from  the  Ohio  river;  one, 
9i  feet  high,  at  Trimble's  iron  works,  13|  miles  from  tl.e  mouth  ;  one,  lOJ 
feet  high,  at  Ward's  iron  works,  25J  miles  from  the  mouth ;  one,  5J  feet 
high,  at  the  old  Pactolus  iron  works,  36  miles  from  the  mouth.  Three  fur- 
naces on  the  river,  in  1836,  made  about  2,800  tons  of  pig  metal  and  castiuL's. 
The  East  fork  entered  the  Little  Sandy,  12J  miles  above  the  mouth,  but  only 
6  miles  by  land.  The  cost  of  slackwater  navigation  np  to  the  salt  works  was 
estimated  at  $340,000,  exclusive  of  the  cost  of  a  towing  path. 

The  Big  Sandy  River  and  its  West  (Levisa  or  Louisa)  Fork  were  partially 
surveyed  in  the  fall  of  1835,  but  the  work  was  not  thoroughly  done  until  the 
summer  of  1838 — beginning  on  the  latter,  at  Pikeville,  in  Pike  county,  116 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  at  Catlettsburg.  The  descent  through  that 
distance  was  146^  feet  (a  little  over  15  inches  to  the  mile);  from  Pikeville 
to  Prestonsburg,  in  Floyd  county,  35J  miles,  descent  43.41  feet;  from  Pres- 
tonsburg  to  Louisa,  in  Lawrence  county,  54J  miles,  descent  78.50  feet;  from 
Louisa  to  Catlettsburg,  Boyd  county,  26^  mMes,  24.60  feet  fall.  The  valley 
through  which  the  West  iork  flows  was  generally  about  a  third  of  a  mile 
wide,  in  some  places  nearly  a  mile  wide;  but  that  of  the  Big  Sandy  varied 
from  500  to  2,000  yards  wide.  The  former  stream  was  212  feet  wide  at  Pike- 
Tille  and  Prestonsburg,  but  at  many  intermediate  points  only  180  feet;  below 
Prestonsburg,  its  average  width  was  over  200  feet.  'I'he  Big  Sandy  was  300 
feet  from  bank  to  bank,  just  below  Louisa,  and  at  Catlettsburg  nearly  400 
feet.  Improvement  to  the  descending  navigation — by  the  removal  of  the  rocks, 
snags,  and  leaning  trees,  and  the  excavating  of  a  channel  through  each  of  the 
principal  shoals  or  ripples — was  recommended,  to  the  extent  of  only  $1,100 
on  the  river,  but  of  $15,348  on  the  West  Fork  below  Prestonsburg,  and  of 
$8,774  on  the  35J  miles  thence  to  Pikeville— total  $25,222. 

On  Feb.  10,  1870,  the  legislature  appropriated  $75,000  to  remove  obstruc- 
tions out  of  the  Big  Sandy  river  and  its  two  Forks.  A  chute,  50  feet  wide, 
with  slope  so  as  to  admit  the  passage  of  boats,  was  cut  in  a  solid  rock  in  the 
Falls  of  the  Tug  Fork;  in  the  low  water  of  1870,  this  chute  had  18  inches 
of  water.  The  survey,  at  that  time,  showed  the  distance  from  Catlettsburg 
to  Louisa  to  be  27J  miles  [which,  by  the  survey  of  1838,  was  only  26}  miles, 
\\  miles  less],  and  the  fall  1.02  feet  per  mile;  from  Louisa  up  the  Tug  Fork 
to  Wolf  creek,  35J  miles,  with  a  fall  of  1.64  feet  to  the  mile  ;  aud  from  Louisa 


548  SKETCH  OF 

up  the  West  Fork  to  the  mouth  of  Paint  creek,  1  mile  from  Paintsville,  39| 
miles,  and  a  fall  of  1.33  feet  per  mile.  On  the  main  stream  and  West  Fork, 
7  locks  and  dams  were  estimated  to  cost  $3.54,200 ;  and  5  looks  and  dams  on 
the  Tug  Fork,  §214,900.  Five  locks  and  dams,  on  the  river  and  West  Fork, 
would  make  navigation  certain  for  inexhaustible  supplies  of  the  celebrated 
Peach  Orchard,  block,  and  cannel  coals — among  the  very  finest  in  the  world. 
The  exports  from  the  Big  Sandy  vail ev,  for  the  year  ending  July  1,  1870, 
were  §1,219,000— against  less  than  $25,000  in  1837,  a  third  of  a  century 
previous. 

Licldng  River. — The  surveys  upon  this  river  were  made  before  1837 — but 
in  the  latter  year  extended  to  West  Liberty,  Morgan  county,  231  miles  from 
the  mouth  at  Covington.  From  the  mouth  to  Falmouth,  Pendleton  county, 
SIJ  miles  by  the  river  (but  only  39  miles  by  railroad),  the  ascent  was  80  feet 
(about  19  inches  in  a  mile)  ;  from  Falmouth  to  the  Lower  Blue  Licks,  Nicho- 
las county,  47  miles,  64  feet  (16J  inches  in  a  mile)  ;  from  the  latter  point  to  the 
mouth  of  Slate  creek,  in  Bath  county,  47  miles,  the  ascent  was  56  feet  (14J 
inches  in  a  mile);  from  Achison's  ripple,  6  miles  above  Slate  creek,  to  Wil- 
son's ripple,  1  mile  below  Beaver  creek,  39f  miles,  the  ascent  was  63  feet 
(1.58  feet  to  the  mile);  from  Wilson's  ripple  to  West  Liberty,  39f  miles, 
the  ascent  was  60i  feet  (1.52  feet  to  the  mile);  the  whole  ascent  in  231 
miles  was  310  feet. 

For  the  detailed  table,  showing  the  location,  size,  and  estimated  cost  of 
the  21  locks  and  dams,  see  under  Kenton  county,  in  Volume  11  of  thia 
work. 

The  Licking  river  was  only  250  feet  wide  at  the  Blue  Licks,  but  thence  up 
to  Slate  creek  ranged  in  width  from  250  to  400  feet.  Above  Slate  creek,  to 
West  Liberty,  the  width  varies  from  180  to  250  feet.  For  a  large  portion  of 
the  latter  distance,  the  river  is  very  crooked. 

The  first  five  locks  and  dams  were  put  under  contract,  Oct.  24,  1837 — to  be 
completed  so  as  to  open  navigation  to  Falmouth,  51^  miles,  during  the  year 
1840.  Many  changes  in  the  contractors  were  made,  owing  to  their  ineffi- 
ciency, or  to  the  difficulty  of  getting  face  stone.  On  May  20,  1839,  locks  Nos. 
7  and  8  were  let.  Much  less  energy  was  shown  in  pushing  the  work  on 
Licking  than  on  either  of  the  other  rivers,  and  it  was  the  first  to  be  suspend- 
ed— partially  and  for  a  time,  in  1840,  owing  to  the  want  of  funds  to  pay  the 
contractors.  "  The  state  being  cramped  in  her  pecuniary  affairs  by  reason 
of  the  Levis  [Schuylkill  Bank]  fraud  and  other  causes,  suspended  the  sale  of 
her  bonds,  lest  she  should  not  have  the  means  to  discharge  the  interest  upon 
them  as  it  might  become  due — which  suspension  operated  greatly  to  the  preju- 
dice of  the  contractors."*  The  state  ordered  their  suspension  in  1842 ; 
and  in  1843  the  Board  of  Internal  Improvements  made  a  final  settlement  with 
the  contractors,  allowing  as  follows  for  the  work  done : 

At  Lock  No.  1 $70,515.45     At  Lock  No.  7 $  1,250.00 

At  Lock  No.  2 69,306.02     At  Lock  No.  8 5,650.00 

At  Lock  No.  3 65,858.60     For  hydraulic  lime,  etc 26,776.77 

At  Lock  No.  4 61,600.02     For  construction,  other  items 22,214.69 

At  Lock  No.  5 49,349.15  

Total  payments  on  Licking  river,  to  1867 $372,520.70 

According  to  the  original  estimate  of  cost  (see  under  Kenton  county,  in 
Vol.  11  of  this  work),  less  than  $40,000  additional  would  have  completed 
the  first  five  locks  and  dams,  and  opened  a  permanent  navigation  as  high  as 
Falmouth  But  not  one  of  them  was  finished,  and  the  work  has  never  been 
resumed,  but  is  a  total  loss. 

Jiuir-Siate  Canal  between  Kentucky  and  Georgia. — Maj.  R.  P.  Baker,  the 
first  chief  engineer  of  the  state  of  Kentucky,  appointed  in  July,  1835,  in  his 
first  report,  dated  Jan.  19,  1836,  to  the  Board  of  Internal  Improvements  (Gov. 
James  T.  Morehead,  John  L.  Hickman,  and  Orlando  Brown),  proposed  the, 
following  route  for  a  canal  to  connect  the  Ohio  river  with  the  Atlantic 
ocean : 

*  Report  of  the  Board  of  Internal  Improvements,  1841-42,  in  Leg.  Doc,  p.  i 


INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS.  549 

"From  the  Ohio  up  the  Kentucky  river,  by  locks  and  dams,  to  the  Three 
forks  of  the  Kentucky  ;  thence  up  the  South  fork  and  Goose  creek  to  the  Salt 
works ;  thence  by  a  canal,  36  miles  long,  with  160  feet  of  lockage,  into  Cum- 
berland river  at  Cumberland  Ford  (see  ante,  page  546) ;  thence  4  miles  in 
Cumberland  river  to  the  mouth  of  Yellow  creek  ;  thence,  by  canal,  in  the  bed 
of  Yellow  creek,  to  Cumberland  Gap  ;  through  Cumberland  Gap,  by  a  tunnel 
probably  700  to  800  yards  long,  and  by  canal  from  thence  into  Powell's 
river,  five  miles  below;  down  that  river  successively  into  the  Clinch  and 
Tennessee,  and  up  the  Hiwassee  river,  by  locks  and  dams ;  from  the  Hiwas- 
eee,  continue  the  improvement  by  a  canal  to  the  navigable  waters  of  the 
Savannah,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  that  river. 

"  Such  a  canal  would  outflank  the  whole  chain  of  the  Apalaohian  mount- 
ains, on  the  southwest;  and  in  the  course  of  its  extent,  would  cross  the 
various  noble  rivers — Coosa,  Chattahooche,  Oconee,  etc. — which,  taking  their 
rise  in  the  chain  of  the  Apalachians,  flow  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  between  the  cities  of  Charleston  and  New  Orleans.  This 
would  throw  open  to  the  commerce  of  the  counties  bordering  on  the  Ohio 
river  a  choice  among  the  numerous  markets  presented  by  the  vast  extent  of 
cotton  country;  independently  of  the  facilities  it  would  offer  for  reaching  the 
northeastern  cities  or  European  ports,  through  the  ports  of  Savannah  and 
Charleston. 

"  The  average  cost  per  mile  of  a  lock  and  dam  navigation,  upon  the  most 
perfect  plan,  will  but  little,  if  any,  exceed  one-half  that  of  a  turnpike  road. 
More  than  three-fifths  of  the  distance  on  the  route  proposed,  would  be  in  the 
beds  of  rivers  improved  for  this  kind  of  navigation.  The  most  perfect  kind 
of  canal  can  be  constructed  for  one-half  the  cost  of  the  most  perfect  railroad. 
The  experience  of  the  northeastern  states  has  fully  settled  the  question,  that 
the   cost  of  transportation  on  railroads  exceeds  that  upon   canals  by  200  to 

300  per  cent The  day  would  not  be  distant  from  the  completion  of 

such  a  work,  until  the  demands  of  commerce  would  be  equal  to  all  the  capac- 
ities of  the  Kentucky  river  improved  upon  the  largest  plan  proposed.  This 
remark  applies  with  peculiar  force  to  the  projected  railroad  from  Charleston 
to  the  Ohio  river,  now  undergoing  discussion  in  the  legislature  of  Kentucky."* 

Kentucky  River  Navigation  and  its  Forks. — The  North  Fork  of  the  Kentucky 
river — the  longest  and  most  considerable  of  the  three  forks — rises  within  two 
miles  of  the  Sounding  Gap,  in  the  southeastern  extremity  of  Peny  county, 
on  the  western  slope  of  the  Cumberland  mountain,  from  which  it  descends 
with  great  velocity;  but  before  it  has  attained  the  magnitude  of  an  ordinary 
mill  stream,  flows  with  a  gentle  and  decreasing  velocity.  Its  length,  to  its 
junction  with  the  main  river,  is  about  163  miles,  and  thence  to  the  mouth 
at  Carrollton  257J  miles — making  the  greatest  length  of  the  Kentucky  river 
420  miles. 

From  the  junction,  up  the  North  fork  to  the  mouth  of  War  creek  (now 
either  in  Lee  or  Wolfe  county),  was  24.3  miles,  and  the  fall  at  the  rate  of 
1.77  feet  per  mile.  From  War  creek  to  the  mouth  of  Troublesome  creek,  in 
Perry  county,  was  30.6  miles,  and  the  average  descent  1.57  feet  per  mile. 
From  the  junction  to  Troublesome  creek,  54.9  miles,  the  total  descent  was 
92.96  feet.  ■  ■ 

On  the  Middle  fork,  from  its  junction  with  the  North  fork  to  the  point 
where  it  is  crossed  by  the  Manchester  and  Hazard  road,  was  67.96  miles, 
and  the  total  descent  169.2  feet — an  average  of  nearly  2}  feet  per  mile. 
From  the  junction  to  Uiizard,  the  county  seat  of  Perry  county,  was  about 
110  miles. 

Several  gauges  of  the  volume  of  water  in  the  Kentucky  river,  during  the 
low  water  of  1835,  enabled  the  engineer  to  state  the  probable  medium  volume, 
during  low  water  seasons,  at  about  20,000  cubic  feet  per  minute.  His  esti- 
mate of  the  income  to  the  state  from  the  rent  of  the  water  power  at  each 
lock,  $3,000,  or  $12,000  between  Frankfort  and  the  mouth  of  the  river,  has 
not  been  realized  to  probably  one-fortieth  of  that  sum  annually. 

*  Senate  Journal,  1835,  Appendix,  pp.  17,  18. 


550  SKETCH   OF 

The  following  table  gives  the  estimated  cost  in  1836-7,  the  distances  of 
locks  and  dams  apart,  length  of  pools,  and  actual  cost  of  the  finished  navi- 
gation, of  the  Kentucky  river. 


iles  from 

Length  of 

Pool. 

■4.0 

27.0 

31.0 

11.0 

42.0 

23.0 

65.0 

17.2 

82  2 

13.0 

95.2 

22.4 

117.6 

15.0 

132.6 

16.0 

148.6 

16.0 

164.6 

19.0 

183.6 

11.5 

195.1 

15.2 

210.3 

9.2 

219.5 

15.6 

235.1 

8.3 

243.4 

5.3 

248.7 

8.8 

257.5 

Locality. 


Horse  Shoe  Bend 

Six  Mile  Ripple 

Cedar  Ripple 

Lee's  Rijiple 

Steele's  Ripple 

Clear  Creek 

Shaker  Ferry 

Fugate's  Ripple 

Goggin's  Ferry 

Hinds'  Creek  Ripple. 
Muddy  Creek  Ripple 

Cow  Run  Ripnle 

King's  Mill  Ripple... 

Doe  Run  Ripple 

Ross'  Creek  Ripple.... 


$138,793 
114,582 
110,999 
109,109 
118,476 
119,340 
118,510 
112,050 
102,525 
122,689 
114,407 
100,255 
107,497 
104,605 


$220,300 
151,983 
135,857 


Thus,  in  1836,  the  total  estimated  cost  of  Locks  and  Dams  was  $1,950,868; 
to  which  was  to  be  added  for  lock-houses  $17,000,  hydraulic  lime  $102,000, 
clearing  river  banks  at  $300  per  mile  $77,"250,  and  seven  per  cent,  for  con- 
tingencies, superintendence,  etc.,  $150,298;  total — $2,297,416,  or  an  average 
cost  per  mile  of  $8,922.  The  increased  cost  of  the  five  completed  locks  over 
the  estimate  was,  for  construction  alone,  $185,226.  The  actual  cost  of  the 
95  miles  was  $901,932.70,  or  an  average  of  $9,494  per  mile;  at  the  same 
ratio,  the  entire  navigation  to  the  Middle  Fork  would  have  cost  $2,444,705. 
The  outlay  for  engineering  and  instruments,  land,  removing  sn.ags,  and  other 
incidental  expenses,  on  the  95  miles,  was  $72,231,  and  for  hydraulic  lime 
$52,416. 

The  gross  receipts  of  the  Kentucky  river  navigation,  from  1843  to  1865, 
inclusive,  were $461,781.28 

And  the  gross  expenditures,  for  same  time 303,707.09 

Net  revenue  in  23  years $158,074.19 

Or,  an  annual  average  of  $6,872.79  on  an  investment  of  $901,932.70 — or  a 
small  fraction  over  f  of  one  per  cent,  per  annum  (0.762),  and  just  17.47  per 
cent,  for  the  entire  23  years. 

For  the  five  completed  locks  the  principal  stone  was  obtained  as  follows: 
No.  1,  from  quarries  near  Madison,  Indiana ;  No.  2,  about  one  mile  below 
the  lock,  and  J  mile  from  the  river ;  No.  3,  about  two  miles  below  the  lock, 
in  a  cliff  close  to  the  margin  of  the  river  ;  No.  4  (at  Leestown,  one  mile  below 
Frankfort),  the  stone  was  hauled  on  wagons.  If  miles,  from  the  valley  of 
Benson  creek ;  No.  5,  from  the  banks  of  8toney  creek,  half  a  mile  above  the 
lock  (the  stone  in  the  columns  of  the  capitol  at  Frankfort  were  from  this 
quarry).  At  locks  Nos.  1  and  5,  the' stone  is  a  tine-grained,  compact  lime- 
stone ;  that  at  Nos.  2,  3,  and  4,  is  a  coarse  grained,  granulated  limestone, 
bearing,  in  texture  and  appearance,  a  strong  resemblance  to  some  varieties 
of  granite. 

DESCENDING    NAVIGATION. 
The  following  outlays  by  the  state  were  made,  between  1837  and  1845,  to 
remove  fish-dams,  overhanging  trees,  and  other  obstructions,  in  the  streams 
named. 


Kentucky  river — North  Fork., 
South  Fork  i 
Main  river.. 

Cumberland  river — obstructioc 


$3,497 

reek 3,022 

1,514— $8,033 

shoals 3,200 


INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS.  551 

Tradewater  river,  in  1839,  for  reconnoissance 100 

Pond  river,  1841-14 1,989 

Kough  creek,  1840-43 1,877 

To  mills  injured  by  slackwater 1,650 

OHIO  CANAL  COMPANY,    FROM    LOUISVILLE   TO    PORTLAND. 

The  constant  and  growing  desire  for  some  improvement  to  navigation  at 
the  Falls  of  the  Ohio — from  the  time  they  were  first  practically  known  to 
white  Americans  in  1751,  on  down  to  their  increased  and  increasing  use, 
and  the  consequent  importunate  demand  for  a  canal,  early  in  the  19th  cen- 
tury—first took  substantial  form  on  Dec.  19,  1804,  when  an  act  of  the  Ken- 
tucky legislature  provided  for  the  incorporation  of  the  Ohio  Canal  company. 
Commissioners  were  appointed  to  open  books,  in  seventeen  of  the  most  im- 
portant towns  of  the  state,  for  the  subscription  of  $50,000  in  $50  shares ;  to 
be  increased  thereafter,  to  any  sum  found  necessary  to  complete  the  canal. 
The  company  was  authorized  to  "cut  such  canals,  and  erect  such  locks,  and 
perform  such  other  works  as  they  shall  judge  necessary  for  opening,  improv- 
ing, and  extending  the  navigation  of  the  river;"  and  to  charge  as  tolls  for 
the  passage  of  boats  not  over  14  feet  wide,  if  less  than  30  feet  long,  $3;  up 
to  45  feet  long,  $4 ;  up  to  60  feet  long,  $5,  and  for  each  additiomil  foot  9 
cents;  for  each  keel-boat,  periogue,  or  canoe,  not  over  35  feet  long,  $2;  up 
to  45  feet  long,  $3 ;  up  to  60  feet  long,  $4,  and  9  cents  for  each  additional 
foot;  for  staves  on  a  raft,  4  cents  per  100;  for  plank  or  scantling,  carried 
on  a  raft,  4  cents  per  100  feet;  for  other  timber,  on  a  raft,  9  cents  per  100 
cubic  feet.  Uoats  carrying  coal,  lime,  iron,  or  other  ore,  or  household  furni- 
ture, to  pay  not  over  fths  of  said  prices.  Carefully-guarded  privilege  was 
given  of  raising  $15,000  by  lottery,  if  not  raised  by  subscription. 

IJut  this  law  being  regarded  as  defective  in  many  of  its  important  provis- 
ions, only  a  portion  of  the  required  capital  was  subscribed,  and  further 
legislation  demanded.  On  Dec.  20,  1S05,  an  amended  act  made  a  quorum 
of  stockholders  for  business  consist  of  the  holders  of  at  least  2,000  shares ; 
increased  the  capital  stock  to  $500,000;  directed  the  governor  to  subscribe 
for  1,000  shares  ($50,000)  provided  the  amount  payable  by  the  state  should 
not  exceed  $10,000  annually ;  reserved  1,000  other  shares  "  for  the  future 
disposition  "  of  the  legislature — which  shares  the  governor  should  have  aright 
to  vote,  in  person  or  by  proxy,  and  to  receive  the  proportion  of  tolls  and  other 
profits  to  become  due  to  the  state  thereupon ;  required  the  canal  to  be  cut 
upon  the  Kentucky  side  of  the  Ohio  river;  made  it  lawful  ibr  the  United 
States  to  subscribe  not  over  $60,000,  the  states  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia 
$30,000  each,  and  those  of  Maryland,  New  York,  and  'Ohio  $20,000  each  ; 
made  the  work  and  canal  "real  estate,  and  forever  exempt  from  the  payment 
of  any  tax,  imposition,  or  assessment  whatever ;"  fixed  the  toll  on  ships  or 
other  sea  vessels  of  100  tons  or  under,  down  to  20  tons,  at  from  $6  to  $llf, 
and  on  those  exceeding  100  tons  at  12  cents  per  ton ;  legalized  a  lottery  to 
raise  not  over  $30,000 ;  declared  that  the  canal  should  be  euflicient  for  the 
passage  of  boats  drawing,  in  low  water,  not  more  than  three  feet,  and  at  least 
24  feet  wide  at  bottom;  and  forfeited  this  charter  unless  the  canal  should 
be  begun  before  Dec.  20,  1808,  and  be  completed  before  Jan.  1,  1815. 

On  Jan.  30,  1818,  the  legislature  passed  an  act  to  incorporate  "  The  Ken- 
tucky Ohio  Canal  Company,"  for  opening  a  canal  on  the  Kentucky  side  of 
the  falls ;  capital  stock  $600,000,  and  the  right  i-eserved  to  the  United  States 
and  to  the  states  of  Kentucky,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  and  Virginia,  to  take, 
each  $50,000,  "whenever  they  should  think  proper  to  do  so;"  tlie  canal 
width  to  be  at  least  30  feet  at  bottom,  and  depth  at  low  water  4J  feet;  the 
rates  of  toll  upon  descending  flat  boats,  $6  if  empty,  $10  if  loaded,  and  upon 
steamboats,  barges,  keel-boats,  and  sea  vessels,  75  cents  "  per  tonnage  "  if 
empty,  and  $1.50  if  loaded;  upon  those  ascending,  double  these  rates;  the 
tolls  to  be  raised,  if  the  dividends  on  stock  be  less  than  12^  per  cent,  but 
may  be  reduced  by  the  legislature  so  as  not  to  exceed  IS  per  cent. ;  to  or- 
ganize, when  $300,000  is  subscribed. 

Two  years  more  elapsed;  nothing  was  accomplished.  An  amended  act, 
of  Feb.  10,  1820,  authorized  organization  with  only  $100,000  subscribed ; 
increased,  to  $100,000  each,  the  amounts  reserved  for  the  state  of  Kentucky 


552 


SKETCH  OF 


and  the  United  States;  and  authorized  the  directors  to  reduce  the  tolls,  pro- 
vided dividends  be  not  less  than  12i  per  cent. 

But  public  spirit  was  still  at  too  low  an  ebb,  or  capital  too  insufficient  i 
too  sensitive.     Dec.  1,  1824,  Gov.  Desha  laid  before  the  legislature  the  aotioa 
of  the  state  of  Ohio,   including  the  report  of  her  engineer.  Judge  David  S. 
Bates,  and  his  detailed  estimates  of  the  cost  of  a  canal  ou  the  Kentucky  side, 
$306,U14,  and  of  one  on  the  Indiana  side,  $533,048,  to  overcome  tlie  fall  of 
between  27  and  28  feet.     He  proposed  an  earth  cutting  44  feet  wide  at  bot- 
tom and  56  at  top,  and  4  feet  deep  at  lowest  water.     He  thought  that  for  less 
than  $200,000,  a  channel  in  the  river  might  be  cut  through  the  rock,  with 
regular  declivity ;  but   the  force  of  the  current  through  it   would  preclude 
boats  from  ascending   or  dash   in  pieces  those  descending  it;  and  from 
velocity  it  would  become  a  thin  volume  of  water  before  it  reached  the  foot  of 
the  falls. 

The  increasing  commerce  of  the  west,  and  the  clamors  for  some  improve- 
ment at  the  falls,  would  not  brook  longer  delay.  The  legislature,  on  Jan. 
12,  1825,  incorporated  the  "  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal  Company,"  i 
private  corporation  unhampered  by  state  or  United  States  stock  partnership 
or  joint  control.  Before  November  of  that  year,  the  capital  stock  ($600,000) 
was  subscribed.  On  Dec.  12,  1829,  the  legislature  increased  the  capital 
stock  to  $700,000 ;  and,  ou  Dec.  12,  1831,  authorized  a  further  extension  to 
an  amount  sufficient  to  pay  all  costs  of  construction,  and  interest  on  ail  sums 
expended,  up  to  the  time  the  canal  is  opened. 

In  his  annual  message,  Dec.  4,  1826,  Gov.  Desha  says :  "  It  must  be  a 
subject  of  perpetual  regret  to  every  patriotic  mind,  that  the  state  did  not, 
with  her  own  resources,  undertake  the  construction  of  the  canal  at  Louis- 
ville. It  would  have  been  an  imperishable  fund — a  source  of  revenue  as 
lasting  as  the  Ohio  river  itself — which  would  have  enabled  the  government 
to  accomplish  the  most  extensive  and  useful  plans  without  increasing  the 
burdens  of  the  people."  It  will  be  seen  that  the  governor's  anticipations  of 
the  value  of  that  improvement  have  been  abundantly  realized. 

During  the  year  1826,  Congress  directed  the  purchase  of  $100,000  of  the 
stock,  which  was  issued  out  of  forfeited  stock.  From  610  to  1,062  men,  who 
enjoyed  good  health  all  the  time,  were  engaged  in  excavating  during  the 
summer  and  fall  of  1826,  much  interruption  being  caused  by  freshets  in  the 
river.  Superior  freestone  for  the  locks  was  found  on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio, 
a  short  distance  below  the  canal ;  and  in  the  lower  lockpit,  water  liuie  for 
cement,  formed  one  of  the  strata  necessary  to  be  excavated.  During  1 
the  work  j/<ogressed  slowly,  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  hands  (many  lia 
gone  of!' to  the  public  works  in  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania),  and  to  the  frequent 
heavy  rains  and  other  unseasonable  weather.  The  work,  tbo,  was  greatly 
enlarged,  by  making  important  changes  in  the  plans.  Not  until  late  in  the 
fall  of  1830,  or  in  the  spring  of  1831,  was  the  canal  opened  to  navigation. 
But  owing  to  the  nature  and  newness  of  the  work,  and  to  the  freshets  in  the 
river,  and  especially  to  the  great  flood  in  March,  1832 — which  swept  over  the 
banks  of  the  canal  (although  raised  two  feet  above  any  flood  of  which  there 
was  any  detinite  tradition),  and  carried  into  it  immense  quantities  of  mud, 
drift-wood,  and  other  obstructions,  besides  a  number  of  houses — heavy  repairs 
and  alterations  were  required. 

The  entire  cost  of  construction  of  the  canal,  as  reported  under  oath  on  Jan. 
2,  1832,  was  $742,869.94. 

AbSTKACT    op    the    Bo-ITS    THAT    HAVE    PASSED,    AND   ToLLS    KECEIVED   ON  THE 

Louisville  and  Portland  Canal. 


Tear. 

Steam  Boats. 

Flat  and  Keel  Bouts. 

18;i2    . 

463 

179           

1835 

1  256 

355 2 

1836 

1,182 

1  501 

260                         1 

1837  .  ., 

.    .165 i 

1839 

l.BBti 

578 ; 

79,323 $12,750 

70,109 25,756 

69,885 60,736 

162,000 61,818 

200,413 80,165 

182,2^0 88.343 

242,374 145,424 

201,750 121,107 

300,406 180,365 


INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS.  553 

The  income  above  detailed  enabled  the  company  to  pay  dividends  as  fol- 
lows:  The  first,  on  June  3,  1832,  of  80  per  cent,  on  part  and  20  per  cent,  on 
the  rest,  averai;inn  26f  per  cent,  on  the  original  stock  of  $600,000 ;  this  was 
paid  in  stock.  The  next  was  6fo,  on  Jan.  6,  1834;  then  3%,  Jan.,  1835; 
Julv,  183.5,  ifo  ;  Jan.,  1836,  4fo  ;  July,  1830,  -fc  ;  Jan.,  1837,  -fc  ;  July, 
1837,  6f»;  Jan.,  1838,  7fc;  July,  1838,  6%;  Jan.,  1839,  6fo;  July,  1839,  9^; 
Jan.,  1840,  Sfo.  Not  havint;  access  to  the  company's  reports  (which  ceased 
to  be  made  to  the  legislature  alter  Jan.,  1840),  the  receipts  and  dividends 
after  tliat  date  can  not  be  given  here. 

In  1833-4,  the  toll  on  steamboats  was  40  cents  per  ton.  Some  time  after, 
this  was  raised  to«80  cents ;  but  subsequently  reduced  to  50  cents,  at  which 
it  continued  until  the  canal  was  delivered  over  to  the  U.  S.  government  in 
1874,  when  the  rate  was  reduced,  liy  act  of  congress,  to  10  cents — ^simply  to 
cover  the  cost  of  keeping  the  gates  and  repairing  the  canal. 

The  company's  reports  show  the  profitableness  of  the  stock;  50  shares  of 
forfeited  stock  were  sold,  in  1837,  at  $121  per  share  (par  $100),  and  in  1838, 
200  shares  at  $130  per  share.  No  wonder  it  rose  rapidly,  when  the  dividends 
in  1837  were  thirteen,  in  1838  eleven,  and  in  1839  seventeen  per  cent. 

It  has  already  been  stated  that,  under  act  of  congress  of  May  13,  1826, 
the  U.  S.  government  purchased  1,000  shares,  or  $100,000  worth,  of  stock. 
-Subsequently,  another  purchase  was  made — of  1,335  shares  at  par,  $133,500 
— the  whole  costing  $233,500.  In  1831,  the  government  received  567  shares 
more,  in  lieu  of  dividend.  In  eleven  years,  from  1831  to  1842,  it  was  paid  in 
semiannual  cash  dividends,  $257,778;  making  its  total  income  from  this 
canal,  $24,278  in  cash  and  567  shares  of  stock  more  than  it  invested.  Thus 
it  was,  in  1842,  still  the  owner  of  of  2,902  shares  of  stock,  of  the  par  value  of 
$290,200— making  a  total  value  of  $547,978,  for  its  original  investment  in 
the  canal. 

After  1842,  no  dividends  were  declared.  The  net  income  up  to  the  year 
1859  was  devoted  to  the  purchasing  up  of  the  stock  owned  by  private  individ- 
uals, and  which  was  thenceforth  held  in  trust  by  the  board  of  directoi'S. 
Alter  1859,  the  income  was  expended  in  the  enlargement  and  extension  of 
the  canal,  or  held  to  create  a  sinking  fund  for  paying  the  bonds  issued  to 
defray  the  cost  of  enlarging.  In  1860,  this  enlargement  was  begun,  and 
stopped  in  1866  for  want  of  funds — after  $1,825,403  had  been  expended;  thus 
making  the  canal  cost,  ;ia  it  stood,  Feb.,  1868,  $2,823,403.  If  there  had  been 
no  war,  says  Maj.  G.  Weitzel,  U.  S.  engineer  in  charge,  this  sum  would  have 
paid  the  entire  cost  of  the  enlargement. 

In  Dec,  1867,  the  company  owed  $1,567,000  in  bonds,  due  in  3,  8,  13  and 
18  years,  and  five  shares  of  stock ;  and  had  in  the  sinking  fund  for  the  pay- 
ment of  those  bonds  $217,453.  Maj.  Weitzel  then  estimated  the  cost  of 
completing  the  enlargement  at  $1,178,000. 

It  was  because  the  tolls  were  found  to  be  too  great  a  tax  upon  commerce, 
that  the  act  of  1842  wils  passed — for  the  purpose  of  making  the  canal  free 
of  tolls.  Thereby  the  boai-d  of  directors  were  authorized  to  sell  the  stock  of 
the  company  to  the  United  States,  the  state  of  Kentucky,  and  the  city  of 
Louisville.  The  state  and  the  city  each  refused  the  ofl"er;  but  the  state,  in 
1857,  granted  authority  to  build  a  branch  canal;  and  in  1860  congress  author- 
ized the  revenues  of  the  company  to  be  used  in  enlarging  the  canal  and 
building  the  proposed  branch.  The  bonds  mentioned  were  issued  for  this 
purpose ;  and  those  due  in  1870,  $400,000,  were  paid  at  maturity.  In  1868 
congress  appropriated  $300,000,  in  1869  $300,000,  in  1870  $300,000,  in  1871 
$300,000,  in  1872  $100,000,  and  in  1874  took  final  action  towards  assuming 
the  payment  of  the  $1,172,000  of  bonds  outstanding,  and  the  purchase  of  the 
five  shares  of  stock — and  took  possession  of  this  great  public  work,  making 
it  henceforth  a  free  canal,  except  such  small  charge  as  may  be  found  neces- 
sary to  keep  it  in  repair  and  provide  proper  attention. 

The  old  locks  only  passed  boats  of  180  feet  in  length  by  50  feet  beam; 
whereas  the  new  locks  are  80  by  350  feet  and  will  pass  boats  of  nearly  that 
size. 

[For  additional  information,  see  pp.  246p  of  this  volume,  and  362  and  364 
of  volume  II;  and  also  the  General  Index  of  each  volume.] 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


More  than  half  a  century  ago,  Kentucky  was  famous  in  all  the  land  for 
her  heroes.^er  statesmen,  and  h^r  orators.  Her  poets  have  not  made  her 
famous.  And  yet  it  would  be  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  find  any  half- 
dozen  pieces  of  poetry,  written  by  any  half-dozen  poets  of  any  one  of  the 
American  States,  which  have  attained  such  world-wide  and  permanent  celeb- 
rity as  Dr.  John  M.  Harney's  "Echo,"  George  D.  Prentice's  "Close  of  the 
Year,"  Amelia  B.  Welby's  "Rainbow,"  Geo.  W.  Cutter's  "  Song  of  Steam," 
Theodore  O'Hara'a  "  Bivouac  of  the  Dead,"  and  Henry  T.  Stanton's  "Money- 
less Man." 

The  late  Wm.  T.  Coggeshall,  in  his  rich  and  elegant  volume  on  "  Tho 
Poets  and  Poetry  of  the  West,"  published  in  1860,  included  poetical  selec- 
tions from  fifteen  native  Kentuckians  out  of  sixty-nine  (more  than  one-fifth) 
who  were  natives  of  the  West,  besides  other  reputable  selections  from  citizens 
who  were  residents  of  Kentucky  but  not  "  to  the  manor  born."  This  list, 
although  exceedingly  entertaining  and  quite  creditable,  was  by  no  m 
complete — not  only  omitting  Prentice's  piece  above,  but  making  no  mention 
of  O'Hara  and  his  great  piece  above  (although  both  were  published  over 
thirteen  years  before),  and  of  a  number  of  other  poets  unknown  to  fame,  but 
deserving  some  measure  of  it.  Indeed,  no  inconsiderable  proportion  of  the  fugi- 
tive poetry  of  Kentucky,  some  of  which  would  sparkle  as  gems,  has  been  lost 
to  the  world  for  want  of  a  medium  of  preservation.  These  pieces  were  written 
in  the  soberer  moments  of  busy  life,  in  intervals  of  leisure  that  should  have 
been  devoted  to  bodily  recreation  and  health.  The  intensity  of  his  search 
for  other  liistorical  remains  has  not  left  the  author  the  discretion  and  oppor- 
tunity that  might  now  rescue  many  such  pieces,  nor  the  time  to  search  out 
the  history  of  the  poetical  literature  of  Kentucky. 

The  following  selections  may  illustrate  somewhat  the  taste  and  strength 
of  the  poetic  element  in  the  state,  and  preserve  some  pieces  not  accessible  to 
the  general  public : 

DR.  JOHN  MILTON  HARNEY' 
Was  a  native   of  Delaware,   born  March  9,  1789,  and  died   at   his  home  in 
Bardstown,  Ky.,  Jan.  15,  1825,   in   his  36th  year.      He  was  the  sou  of  Maj. 
Thomas  Harney,  and  an  elder  brother  of  the  famous  Gen.  Wm.  S.  Harney, 
of  the  (J.  S.  army.      After   settling    in   Bardstown,   he  married,    in  1814, 
daughter  of  Judge  John  Rowan,  who  died  four  years  after.     "  Chrystalina, 
Fairy  Tale,"  in  six  cantos,  was  written  by  Dr.   H.  when  only  twenty-thre 
years  old,  but  not  published  until  1816.     To  his  sensitive  mind,  the  unfavor- 
able criticisms  far  outweighed  the  kindly  words  and  interest  manifested  in  it, 
and  he  suppressed  the  volume.     But  few  of  his  pieces  have  been  preserved. 


ECHO  AND  THE  LOVEK. 

BY  JOHN  M.  HAENET. 

.  Echo  !  mysterious  nymph,  decla 
Of  what  yo 


!  made  and  what  you 


,iry  cliffs,  and  places  high. 
Echo  I  listening,   love,    yo 


Lover.  You  but  resuscitate  dead  sounds- 
Hark  I  how  my  voice  revives,  re 
sounds  I 


Lover,  I'll  question  you  befori 

Come,  answer  me  more  apropos 
Echo.  "  Poh  1  poh  1  " 

Lover.  Tell  me,  fair  nymph,  if  e'er  you  s 
So  sweet  a  girl  as  Phcebe  Shaw  1 


Lover.  Say,   what  will  win  that  frisking 
coney 
Into  the  toils  of  matrimony  1 ' 
Echo.  "  Money  I  " 

Lover.  Has  Phcebe  not  a,  heavenly  brow  ! 

Is  it  not  white  as  pearl — as  snow  1 

Echo.  "Ass,  no  1 ' 


(554) 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Lover.  Her  eyes  I  Was  ever  such  a  pnir  ! 

Are  the  stars  brighter  than  they  are? 
^cAo.  "  They  are  I  " 

Lover,  Echo,  you  lie,  but  can't  deceive  me; 

Eer  eyes  eclipse  the  stars,  believe 


Echo. 
Lover 

Echo. 

Bu 

Wh 

ON 

"  Leave  me  1 

come,  you  saucy,  pert  rom 

0  is  as  fair  as  Phcebe  ?  an 

"Ann,  sir  1 

A  VALUED  FRIEND. 

Devout,  yet  cheerful;  pious,  not  ; 
To  others  lenient,  to  himself  sevei 


Tho'    honored,    modest  ;     diffident,    tho' 

The  proud  he  humbled,  and  the  bumble 

rais'd ; 
Studious,  yet  social ;    though  polite,  yet 

plain  ; 
No  man  more  learned,  yet  no  man  less  vain. 
His  fame  would  universal  envy  move, 
But  envy's  lost  in  universal  love. 
That  he  has  faults,  it  may  be  bold  to  doubt. 
Yet  certain  'tis  we  ne'er  have  found  them 

If  faults  he  has  (as  man,  'tis  said,  must 

have), 
They  are  the  only  faults  he  ne'er  forgave. 
I  flatter  not  :  absurd  to  flatter  where 
Just  praise  is  fulsome,  and  offends  the  ear. 


GEN.  WILLIAM  ORLANDO  BUTLER. 

For  sketch  of  this  dist!n<;iiished  civilian  and  soldier  (a  native  of  Kentucky, 

and  still  livinj;  at  Carrollton,  Feb.,  1874,  aged  nearly  S3),  see  under  Carroll 

county,  in  Volume  II  of  this  work,  page  121.     Gen.  B.  wrote  several  poems 

of  merit,  in  early  life.     The  following  was  published  about  1835. 


THE  BOATMAN'S  HORN. 

0,  BOATMAN  1   wind  that  horn  again, 

For  never  did  the  list'ning  air 

Upon  its  lambent  bosom  bear 
So  wild,  so  soft,  so  sweet  a  strain  I 
What  though  thy  notes  are  sad  and  few. 

By  every  simple  boatman  blown. 
Yet  is  each  pulse  to  nature  true. 

And  melody  in  every  tone. 
How  oft,  in  boyhood's  joyous  day, 

Unmindful  of  the  lapsing  hours, 
I've  loitered  on  my  homeward  way 
"By  wild  Ohio's  bank  of  flowers  ; 
While  some  lone  boatman  from  the  deck 

Poured  his  soft  numbers  to  that  tide, 
As  if  to  charm  from  storm  and  wreck 

The  boat  where  all  his  fortunes  ride  1 
Delighted  Nature  drank  the  sound. 
Enchanted,  Echo  bore  it  round 
In  whispers  soft  and  softer  still. 
Prom  hill  to  plain  and  plain  to  hill. 
Till  e'en  the  thoughtless  frolic  boy. 
Elate  with  hope  and  wild  with  joy. 
Who  gamboled  by  the  river's  side. 
And  sported  with  the  fretting  tide, 
Feels  something  new  pervade  his  breast. 
Change  his  light  steps,  repress  his  jest, 
Bonds  o'er  the  flood  his  eager  ear 


To  catch  the  sounds  far  ofi',  yet  dear- 
Drinks  the  sweet  draught,  but  knows  not 

why 
The  te.-ir  of  rapture  fills  his  eye. 
And  can  he  now,  to  manhood  grown, 
Tell  why  those  notes,  simple  and  lone. 
As  on  the  ravished  ear  they  fell, 
Bind  every  sense  in  magic  spell  ? 
There  is  a  tide  of  feeling  given 
To  all  on  earth,  its  fountain  heaven. 
Beginning  with  the  dewy  flower, 
Just  ope'd  in  Flora's  vernal  bower — 
Rising  creation's  orders  through. 
With  louder  murmur,  brighter  hue — 
That  tide  is  sympathy  I  its  ebb  and  flow 
Give  life  its  hues,  its  joy  and  woe. 
Music,  the  master-spirit  that  can  move 
Its  waves  to  war,  or  lull  them  into  love- 
Can  cheer  the  sinking  sailor  mid  the  wave. 
And  bid  the  warrior  on  I  nor  fear  the  grave; 
Inspire  the  fainting  pilgrim  on  his  road. 
And  elevate  his  soul  to  claim  his  God. 
Then,  boatman,  wind  that  horn  again  I 
Though  much  of  sorrow  mark  its  strain, 
Yet  are  its  notes  to  sorrow  dear  ; 
What    though   they  wake   fond  memory'a 

tear  ! 
Tears  are  sad  memory's  sacred  feast, 
And  rapture  oft  her  chosen  guest. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


GEORGE  DENISON  PRENTICE, 

Although  not  a  native  of  Kentucky,  in  1830,  when  twenty-seven  years  old, 
became  a  resident  for  life.  (See  sketch,  under  Jefferson  county,  in  Vuluine 
II  of  this  work.)  His  fame  as  poet,  editor,  and  statesman  belongs  to  Ken- 
tucky. Besides  the  short  poems  below,  he  wrote  a  number  of  pieces — which 
are  now  (Feb.,  1874)  being  gathered  for  the  press  in  an  enduring  volume: 
among  them—"  The  Flight  of  Years,"  "  The  Dead  Mariner,"  "  Sabbath  Even- 
ing," and  "  The  Stars." 

THE  CLOSE  OF  THE  YEAR. 

BY  GEORGE  D.  PRENTICE. 

Gone  I  Gone  forever  1  Like  a  rushing  wave 
Another  year  has  burst  upon  the  shore 
Of  earthly  beings— and  its  last  low  tones, 
Wandering  in  broken  accents  on  the  air, 
Are  dying  to  an  echo. 

The  gay  spring 
With  its  young  charms  has  gone,  gone  with 


Its  atmosphe 
Slumbering  1 


:of  1 


Telling  their  loves  in 
Leaping  and  shoutii 


;  streams 
up-piled 


To  make  earth  echo  with  the  joys  of  waves. 
And  summer  with  its  dews  and  showers 

Its  rainbows  glowing  on  the  distant  cloud 
Like  spirits  of  the  storm — its  peaceful  lakes 
Smiling  in  their  sweet  sleep,   as  if  their 

Were  of  the  opening  flowers  and  budding 

trees 
And  overhanging  sky — and  its  bright  mists 
Resting  upon  the  mountain-tops  as  crowns 
Upon  the  heads  of  giants.  Autumn,  too, 
Has  gone  1  With  all  its  deeper  glories  gone. 
With  its  green  hills,  like  altars  of  the  world 
Lifting  their  rich  fruit  offerings  to  their 

God, 
Its  cool   winds  straying  'mid  the  forest 

aisles 
To  wake    the  thousand  wind   harps ;    its 

And  holy  sunsets  hanging  o'er  the  west, 
Like    banners    from    the    battlements    of 

heaven  ; 
And  its  still  evenings — when  the  moonlit 

sea 
Was  ever  throbbing  like  the  living  heart 
Of  the  great  Universe.     Ah,  these  are  now 
But  sounds  and  visions  of  the  past — their 

Wild  beauty  has  departed  from  the  earth 


And  they  are  gathered  to  the  embrace  of 

death, 
Their  solemn  herald  to  eternity. 
Nor  have  they  gone  alone.     High  human 

Of  passion  have  gone  with  them.  The  fresh 

dust 
Is  chill  on  manv  a  breast  that  burned  ere- 


With  fires 

that 

seemed  im 

mortal.      Joys 

that  le 

ped 

Like  angeL 

from 

the  heart, 

md  wandered 

free 

In   this  young  i 

Qorn,  to    Ic 

ok    upon    the 

flowers 

The  poetry 

of  na 

ture,  and  t 

olist 

The  woven 

sound 

sofbreeze  and  birds  and 

stream 

Upon  the  night 

air,  have 

been  stricken 

down 

In  silence  to  the 

dust.     Exi 

Itant  Hope, 

That  roved  forev 

>r  on  the  b 

loyant  winds 

Like  the  br 

ght, 

starry  bird 

of  Paradise, 

And  chanted  i 


the 


sting  heart 


In  the  wild  music  of  a  thousand  tongues, 
Or  soared  into  the  open  sky  until 
Night's  burning  gems  seemed  jeweled  on 

her  brow. 
Has  shut  her  drooping  wings,  and  made 

Within  the  voiceless  sepulcher.  And  Love, 
That  knelt  at  Passion's  holiest  shrine,  and 

On  his  heart's  idc 

Whose  purity  an( 

.\nd  dreamed  of  ecstacies,  until  bis  soul 

Seemed  but  a  lyre,   that  wakened  in  the 

glance 
Of  the  beloved  one:  he,  too,  has  gone 
To  his  eternal  resting-place.     And  where 
Is  stern  Ambition  ?  He  who  madly  grasped 
At  Glory's  fleeting  phantom;  he  who  sought 
Ilis  fame  upon  the  battle-field,  and  longed 
To  make  his  throne  a  pyramid  of  bones 
Amid  a  sea  of  blood  I    He,  too,  has  gone  I 
His  stormy  voice  is  mute — his  mighty  arm 
Is  nerveless  on  its  clod  ;  his  very  name 
Is  but  a  meteor  of  the  night  of  years 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Whose  gleam  flashed  out  a  moment  o'er  th 

earth 
And  faded  into  nothingness.     The  creac 
Of  high  devotion,  Beauty's  bright  array, 
And  life's  deep    idol    memories,  all  have 

passed 
Like  the  cloud-shadows  on  a  starlit  stream, 
Or  a  stream  of  soft  music,  when  the  winds 
Are  slumbering  on  the  billow. 

Upon  the  past  with  sorrow  ?     Though  the 

year 
Has  gone  to  blend  with  the  mysterious  tide 
Of  old  Eternity,  and  borne  along 
Upon  its  heaving  breast  a  thousand  wrecks 
Of  glory  and  of  beauty.     Yet,  why  mourn 
That  such  is  destiny  I     Another  year 
Succeedeth  to  the  past.     In  their  bright 


and 


The  seasons  come  and  go  ;  the  a 
rill  ban 


blu 


That  hath  hung  . 

yet, 
Will  blossom  still  at  twilight's  gentle  hour 
Like  lilies  on  the  tomb  of  day — and  still 
Man  will  remain   to   dream    as    he   hath 


And 


rk  the  earth  with  i 


wili  spring 
From  the  lone  tomb  of  old  affections.  Hope 
And  Joy,  and  great  Ambition  will  rise  up 
As  they  have  risen,  and  their  deeds  will  be 
Brighter  than  those  engraven  on  the  scroll 
Of  past  centuries.  Even  now  the  sea 
Of  coming  years,  beneath  whose  mighty 

Life's  great  events  are  heaving  into  birth. 

Is  tossing  to  and  fro,  as  if  the  winds 

Of  heaven  were  prisoned  in  its  soundless 

depths, 
And  struggled  to  be  free. 

Weep  not  that  time 
Is  pressing  on,  it  will  ere  long  reveal 
A  brighter  era  to  the  nations.     Hark  1 
Along  the  vales  and  mountains  of  the  earth 
There  is  a  deep,  portentous  murmuring, 
Like    the    swift    rush    of    subterraneous 

Or  like  the  mingled  sounds  of  earth  and  air. 
When  the  fierce  tempest  with  sonorous  wing 
Heaves  his  deep  folds  upon  the  rushing 

winds 
And  hurries  onward,  with  his   might  of 

clouds 
Against  the  eternal  mountains.     'Tis  the 

voice. 


Of  infant  Freedom,  and  her  stirring  call 
Is  heard  and  answered  in  a  thousand  tones 
From  every  hill-top  of  her  Western  home, 
And  lo  I — it  breaks  across  old  ocean's  flood. 
And     "  Freedom  1     Freedom  I  "     is     the 

answering  shout 
Of  nations  starting  from  the  spell  of  years. 
The  dayspring— see— 'tis  brightening  in 


the 


The  watchmen  of  the 


ght  have  caught 
signal  fires  flash 


From  tower  to  tower  th 

free, 
And  the  deep  watchword,  like  the  rush  of 

seas. 
That  heralds  the  volcano's  bursting  flame, 
Is  sounding  o'er  the  earth.     Bright  years 

of  Hope 
And  Life  are  on  the  wing.     Yon  glorious 

bow 
Of  Freedom,  bended  by  the  hand  of  God, 
Is  spanning  Time's  dark  surges.     Its  high 

arch — 
A  type  of  Love  and  Mercy — on  the  clouds 
Tells  that  the  many  storms  of  human  life 
Will    pass  in    silence;    and    the    sinking 

waves. 
Gathering  the  forms  of  glory  and  of  peace. 
Reflect  the  undimmed  brightness  of    the 


MAMMOTH  CAVE. 

BY  OEOEGE  D.  PRENTICE. 

All  day,  as  day  is  reckoned  on  the  earth, 
I've  wandered  in  these   dim    and    awful 

aisles, 
Shut  from  the  blue  and   breeiy  dome  of 

heaven. 
While  thoughts,  wild,  drear,  and  shadowy, 

have  swept 
Across  my  awe-struck  soul,  like  specters 

The   wizard's    magic    glass,    or   thunder- 

O'er  the   blue  waters  of  the  deep.     And 

I'll  sit  me  down  upon  yon  broken  rock. 
To  muse  upon   the  strange    and    solemn 

Of  this  mysterious  realm. 

All  day  my  steps 
Have  been  amid  the  beautiful,  the  wild. 
The  gloomy,  the  terrific.     Crystal  founts 
Almost  invisible  in  their  serene 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


igh,    pillar'd 


With  1 


od  flowers  all  fretted  like  the 


hall 


ers  dark 
as    oblivion'; 


Of  Oriental  mona 
And    drear    and 

That  flows  through  Death's    dim   vale  of 

silence — gulfs 
All  fathomless,  down  which  the  loosened 

rock 
Plunges  until  its  far-off  echoes  come 
Fainter  and  fainter  like  the  dying  roll 
Of  thunders  in  the  distance— Stygian  pools 
Whose  agitated  waves  give  back  a  sound 
Hollow  and  dismal,  like  the  sullen  roar 
In  the  volcano's  depths — these,  these  have 

left 
Their  spell  upon  me,  and  their  memories 
Have  passed  into  my  spirit,  and  are  now 
Blent  with  ray  being  till  they  seem  a  part 
Of  my  own  immortality. 

God's  hand, 
At  the  creation,  hollowed  out  this  vast 
Domain  of  darkness,  where  no  herb  nnr 

flower 
E'er  sprang  amid  the  sands,  nor  dews  nor 

rains, 
Nor  blessed  sunbeams  fell  with  freshening 

power, 
Nor  gentle  breeze  its  Eden  message  told 
Amid  the  dreadful  gloom.     Six  thousand 

years 
Swept  o'er  the  earth  ere  human  footprints 

marked 
This  subterranean  desert.     Centuries 
Like  shadows  came  and  passed,  and  not 

Was  in  this  realm,  save  when  at  intervals. 
In  the  long  Inpse  of  ages,  some  huge  mass 
Of  overhanging  rook  fell  thunderingdown, 
Its  echoes  sounding  through  these  corridors 
A  moment,  and  then  dying  in  a  hush 
Of  silence,  such  as  brooded  o'er  the  earth 
When  earth  was  chaos.      The  great  Mas- 
todon, 
The  dreaded  monster  of  the  elder  world, 
Passed  o'er   this   mighty  cavern,  and  his 

tread 
Bent  the  old  forest  oaks  like  fragile  reeds 
And  made  earth  tremble  ;  armies  in  their 

pride 
Perchance  have  met  above  it  in  the  shock 
Of  war  with  shout  and  groan,  and  clarion 

blast, 
And  the  hoarse  echoes  of  the  thunder  gun  : 


The  I 


Q,  the  whirlwind,  and  the  hurri- 
and   the  bursting 


Have  roared  above 

Sent  down  its  red  and  crashing  thunder- 
bolt; 
Earthquakes  have  trampled  o'er  it  in  their 

wrath, 
Rocking  earth's  surface  as  the  storm-wind 

rocks 
The  old  Atlantic;  yet  no  sound  of  these 
E'er  came  down  to  the  everlasting  deptha 
Of  these  dark  solitudes. 

How  oft  we  gaze 
With  awe  or  admiration  on  the  new 
And  unfamiliar,  hut  pass  coldly  by 
The  lovelier  and  the  mightier  1  Wonderful 
Is   this    lone  world   of  darkness   and   of 

gloom. 
But  far  more  wonderful  yon  outer  world 
Lit  by  the  glorious   sun.     These  archej 

swell 
Sublime  in  lone  and  dim  magnificence. 
But  how  sublimer  God's  blue  canopy 
Beleaguered  with  his  burning  cherubim, 
Keeping  their  watch  eternal  1     Beautiful 
Are  all  the  thousand  show-white  gems  that 

lie 
In  these  mysterious    chambers,  gleaming 

out 
Amid  the  melancholy  gloom,  and  wild 
These  rocky  hills,  and  cliffs,  and  gulfs  ;  but 

far 
More  beautiful  and  wild  the  things  that 

greet 
The  wanderer  in  our  world  of  light— the 

stars 
Flo.tting  on  high  like  islands  of  the  blest.— 
The  autumn  sunsets  glowing  like  the  gate 
Of  far-off  Paradise  ;  the  gorgeous  clouds 
0;!  which  the  glories  of  the  earth  and  sky 
Meet  and  commingle  j  earth's  unnumbered 

All  turning  up  their  gentle  eyes  to  heaven; 
The  birds,  with  bright  wings  glancing  in 

the  sun. 
Filling  the  air  with  rainbow  miniatures; 
The  green  old  forests  surging  in  the  gale; 
The  everlasting  mountains,  on  whose  peaks 
The  setting  sun  burns  like  an  altar-flame  ; 
And  ocean,  like  a  pure  heart  rendering 

back 
Heaven's   perfect   image,   or    in   his  wild 

wrath 
Heaving  and  tossing  like  the  stormy  breast 
Of  a  chained  giant  in  his  agony. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


WRITTEN  AT   MY  MOTHER'S 
GRAVE. 

BT  GEOHGF,  D.  PRENTICE. 

The  trembling  dew-drops  fall 
Upon  the  shutting  flowers  ;   like  souls  al 
rest 
The  stars  shine  gloriously;  and  all, 
Save  me,  are  blest. 

Mother,  I  love  thy  grave  1 
The  violet,  with  its  blossoms  blue  and  mild, 
AVaves  o'er  thy  head  ;  when  shall  it  wave 
Above  thy  child  1 


'Tis  a  sweet  flower,  yet  must 
Its  bright  leaves  to  the  coming 
bow; 
Dear  mother,  'tis  thine  emblem 
Is  on  thy  brow. 

tempest 
dust 

And  I  could  love 
To    leave     untasted 

to  die: 

life's     dark 

bitter 

streams  : 
By  thee,  as  erst  in  childhood,  li 
And  share  thy  dreams. 

. 

And  must  I  linger  here. 
To  stain  the  plumage  of  my  sinless  years. 
And  mourn  the  hopes  to  childhood  dear 
With  bitter  tears  7 


Ay,  must  I  linger  here, 
A  lonely  branch  upon  a  withered  tree, 
Whose  last  frail  leaf,  untimely  sere, 
AVent  down  with  thee? 

Oft,  from  life's  withered  bower. 
In  still  communion  with  the  past,  I  turn, 
And  muse  on  thee,  the  only  flower 
In  Memory's  urn. 

And,  when  the  evening  pale, 
Bows,   like  a  mourner,   on  the  dim,  blue 

I  stray  to  hear  the  night-winds  wail 
Around  thy  grave. 

Where  is  thy  spirit  flown  ? 
I  gaze  above— thy  look  is  imaged  there; 
I  listen— and  thy  gentle  tone 
Is  on  the  air. 

Oh,  come,  while  hero  I  press 
My  brow  upon  thy  grave ;  and,  in  those 
mild 
And  thrilling  notes  of  tenderness, 
Bless,  bless  thy  child  I 

Yes,  bless  thy  weeping  child  ; 
And   o'er    thine    urn — Religion's    holiest 
shrine— 
Oh,  give  his  spirit,  undefiled, 
To  blend  with  thine. 


FORTUNATUS  COSBY,  JR., 
Was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born  near  Louisville,  May  2,  1802,  and  died  in 
that  city  June  16,  1871,  aged  69.  His  father,  after  whom  he  was  named, 
was  a  prominent  lawyer,  member  of  the  Ky.  lei;islature,  and  circuit  judge ; 
died  in  1846,  aged  81.  The  son  was  a  student  at  Transylvania  University, 
but  graduated  at  Yale  College;  studied  law,  but  did  not  follow  it  steadily; 
was  a  clerk  in  the  U.  S.  treasury  department  at  Washington  city,  and  for 
Beyeral  years  U.  S.  consul  at  Geneva,  Switzerland.  Between  1840  and  1850, 
Mr.  Cosby  was  a  frequent  contributor  of  charming  poems  and  prose  to  several 
Louisville  newspapers. 

Butthe  thoughts  that  soothed  me  waking, 
Care,  and  grief,  and  pain  forsaking. 
Still  the  self-same  path  were  taking- 
Pilgrims,  still  in  sight. 


FIRESIDE  FANCIES. 

BY   FOETUJTATDS  COSBY. 

By  the  dim  and  fitful  fire-light 

Musing  all  alone. 
Memories  of  old  companions 

Dead,  or  strangers  grown  ; 
Books  that  we  had  read  together. 
Rambles  in  sweet  summer  weather, 
Thoughts  released  from  earthly  tether- 


my 


In  my  cushioned  arm-chair  sitting 

Far  into  the  night. 
Sleep,  with  laden  wing  extinguished 

All  the  flickering  light; 


ndistinct 

nd  shad 

owy  phan 

toms 

Of  the  sa 

crcd  dea 

, 

\bsent  face 

s  bcndin 

g  fondly 

O'er  my  drooping 

head. 

n  my  drea 

ms  were 

woven  qu 

aintly 

Dim  at  firs 

,  but  cal 

■n  and  sa 

ntly, 

\s  the  star 

that  gli 

mmer  fai 

nly 

From  their  misty 

bed. 

560 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Presently  a  lustrous  brightness 

Eye  could  scarce  behold, 
Gave  to  my  enchanted  TisioD, 

Looks  no  longer  cold, 
Features  that  no  clouds  encumber, 
Forms  refreshed  by  sweetest  slumber, 
And,  of  all  that  blessed  number. 

Only  one  was  old. 

Graceful  were  they  as  the  willow 

By  the  zephyr  stirred  I 
Bright  as  childhood  when  expecting 

An  approving  word  I 
Fair  as  when  from  earth  they  faded, 
Ere  the  burnished  brow  was  shaded. 
Or,  the  hair  with  silver  braided. 

Or  lament  was  heard. 

Roundabout  in  silence  moving 

Slowly  to  and  fro- 
Life-like  as  I  knew  and  loved  them 

In  their  spring-time  glow  ; 
Beaming  with  a  loving  luster, 
Close  and  closer  still  they  cluster 
Round  my  chair  that  radiant  muster. 

Just  as  long  ago. 

Once,  the  aged,  breathing  comfort 

0*er  my  fainting  cheek, 
Whispered  words  of  precious  meaning 

Only  she  could  speak  ; 
Scarce  could  I  my  rapture  smother. 
For  I  knew  it  was  my  mother, 
And  to  me  there  was  no  other 


Sail 


ike  i 


Then  the  pent-up  fount  of  feeling 

Stirred  its  inmost  deep — 
Brimming  o'er  its  frozen  surface 

From  its  guarded  keep, 
On  my  heart  its  drops  descending, 
And  for  one  glad  moment  lending 
Dreams  of  Joy's  ecstatic  blending, 

Blessed  my  charmed  sleep. 

Bright  and  brighter  grew  the  vision 

With  each  gathering  tear. 
Till  the  past  was  all  before  me 

In  its  radiance  clear  ; 
And  again  we  read  at  even — 
Hoped,  beneath  the  summer  heaven, 
Hopes  that  had  no  bitter  leaven. 
No  disturbing  fear. 

AH  so  real  seemed  each  presence. 

That  one  word  I  spoke — 
Only  one  of  old  endearment, 

That  dead  silence  broke. 
But  the  angels  who  were  keeping 
Stillest  watch  while  I  was  sleeping. 
Left  me  o'er  the  embers  weeping — 
Fled  when  I  awoke. 

But,  as  ivy  clings  the  greenest 

On  abandoned  walls; 
And  as  echo  lingers  sweetest 

In  deserted  halls  : 
Thus,  the  sunlight  that  we  borrow 
From  the  past  to  guild  our  sorrow. 
On  the  dark  and  dreaded  morrow 

Like  a  blessing  falls. 


THOMAS  H.  SHREVE, 

Like  his  poet-editor  friend,  George  D.  Prentice,  whose  assistant  niid  associ- 
ate he  was  at  the  time  of  his  death,  was  not  a  native  of  Kentuekj',  but 
settled  in  Louisville  in  1838,  when  30  years  old,  and  died  there,  Dec.  23, 
1853,  aged  45.  He  was  raised  a  merchant;  but  while  following  that  life, 
gave  free  scope  to  his  literary  taste;  contributed  many  excellent  articles  to 
the  periodicals  and  daily  press;  and  finally  abandoned  mercantile  life,  and 
became  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Louisville  Journal.  Prentice  said  that. 
Shreve  "  could  write  with  extraordinary  vehemence,  eloquence,  and  pathos.' 
His  poetry  scarcely  had  the  fire,  and  life,  and  freshness  of  his  best  pros( 
writings.  He  excelled  as  an  amateur  artist,  in  portraits,  landscapes,  and 
paintings  in  animal  life. 

REFLECTIONS  OF  AN  AGED 
PIONEER. 

BY  THOMAS  H.  SHREVE. 

Thk    Eternal  Sea 
Is  surging  up  before  my  dreaming  mind  ; 
And  on  my  ear,  grown  dull  to  things  of 
earth. 


Its 

sounds  are 

audible. 

My  spirit  soon 

Shall  brave  it 

billows, 

like  a  trusty  bark, 

An 

d  seek  the 
fall. 

shore  wh 

ere  shadows  never 

Oh 

I  have  lived  too  Ion 

gl  Have  I  not  seen 

Th 

B  suns    of  four-seor 

s  summers    set    iu 

gloom? 

THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 
irt  long   sepulchered  its 


Hath  not  my  1 

hopes, 
And  desolation  swept  my  humble  hearth? 
All  that  I  prized  have  passed  away,  like 

clouds 
Which  float  a  moment  on  the  twilight  sky 
And   fade  in  night.     The  brow  of  her  I 

loved 
Is  now  resplendent  in  the  light  of  heaven. 
They  who  flung  sunlight  on  my  path  in 

Have  gone  before  me  to  the  cloudless  clime. 
I  stand  alone,  like  some  dim  shaft  which 

throws 
Its  shadow  on  the  desert's  wa«te,while  they 
Who  placed  it  there  are  gone — or  like  the 

Spared   by    the   ax    upon  the   mountain's 

cliff, 
Whose  sap  is  dull,  while  it  still  wears  the 

hue 
Of  life  upon  its  withered  limbs. 

Of  earth 
And  all  its  scenes,  my  heart  is  weary  now. 
'Tis  mine  no  longer  to  indulge  in  what 
Gave  life  its  bliss,  jeweled  the  day  with 

joys, 
And  made  my  slumbers  through  the  night 

as  sweet 
As    infant's    dreaming    on    its    mother's 

The  blood  is  sluggish  in  each  limb,  and  I 
No  longer  chase  the  startled  deer,  or  track 
The  wily  fox,  or  climb  the  mountain's  sidi 
My  eye  is  dim,  and  can  not  see  the  stars 
Flash  in  the  stream,  or  view  the  gathering 


On 


the  figu 


of  famil 


In  the  light  tapestry  that  decks  the  sky. 

My  ear  is  dull,  and  winds  autumnal  pass 

And  wake  no  answering  chime  within  my 
breast ; 

The  songs  of  birds  have  lost  their  whilom 
spells, 

And  water- falls,  unmurmuring,  pass  me  by. 

'Tis  time  that  I  were  not.     The  tide  of  life 

Bears  not  an  argosy  of  hope  for  me, 

And  its  dull  waves  surge  up  against  my 
heart, 

Like  billows  'gainst  a  rock.  The  forests 
wide. 

All  trackless  as  proud  Hecla's  snowy  cliff^s, 

From  which,  in  youth,  I  drew  my  inspira- 
tion, 

Have  fallen  round  me  ;  and  the  waving 
fields 

Bow  to  the  reaper,  where  I  wildly  roamed. 

And  dust  oS'ends  me  where,  in    happier 

years, 
I  breathed  in  vigor  from  untainted  gales. 
Nature  hath  bowed  before  all-conquering 

Art- 
Hath  dropped  the  reign  of  empire    which 

she  held 
With  princely  pride,  when  first  I  met  her 

here. 

The  old  familiar  things,  to  which  my  heart 
Clung  with  deep  fondness,  each,  and  all. 

And  I  am  like  the  patriarch  who  stood 
Forgotten  at  the  altar  which  he  built, 
While  crowds  rushed  by   who  knew   him 

not,  and  sneered 
At  his  simplicity. 


WILLIAM  DAVIS  GALLAGHER 
Was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Aug.,  1808 ;  was  brought  by  his  mother,  then  a 
■widow,  to  Cincinnati,  in  1816;  learned  the  printing  business,  and  in  1824, 
while  yet  an  apprentice,  edited  and  published  a  small  literary  paper.  Ever 
since,  he  has  been  thoroughly  identified  with  the  West,  in  her  literature,  her 
history,  and  her  press;  has  been  sole  or  joint  editor  of  several  magazines  and 
newspapers  (of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  1S39-50,  and  of  the  Louisville  Courier, 
1854) ;  edited,  in  1841,  an  interesting  volume  entitled  "  The  Poetical  Litera- 
ture of  the  West;"  since  1854,  has  made  his  home  in  or  near  Louisville, 
much  of  the  time  holding  office  under  the  U.  S.  government.  Some  of  his 
contributions  to  local  history  are  valuable.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
minor  poems  of  much  power,  and  of  one  of  extended  scope,  "  Miami  Woods." 


SONG  OF  THE  PIONEER. 

BY   WM.  D.  GALLAGHER. 

ONQ  for  the  early  times  out  WesI 
And  our  green  old  forest  home, 


Whose  pie. 


freshly  yet 


Across  the  bosom  i 
song  for  the  free  an( 


i...36 


In  those  early  days  we  led, 


562 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


With  a  teeming  soil  beneath  our  feet, 
Aud  a  smiling  Heav'n  o'erhead  ! 

Oh,  the  waves  of  life  danced  merrily. 
And  had  a  joyous  flow. 

In  the  days  when  we  were  Pioneers, 
Fifty  years  ago  ! 

The  hunt,  the  shot,  the  glorious  chase. 

The  captur'd  elk,  or  deer  ; 
The  camp,  the  big,  bright  fire,  and  then 

The  rich  and  wholesome  cheer  : 
The  sweet,  sound  sleep,  at  dead  of  night, 

By  our  camp-fire,  blazing  high — 
Unbroken  by  the  wolf's  long  howl, 

And  the  panther  springing  by. 
Oh,  merrily  pass'd  the  time,  despite 

Our  wily  Indian  foe. 
In  the  days  when  we  were  Pioneers, 

Fifty  years  ago  ! 

We  shunn'd  not  labor:  when  'twas  due 

We  wrought  with  right  good  will; 
And  for  the  homes  we  won  for  them. 

Our  children  bless  us  still. 
We  lived  not  hermit  lives,  but  oft 

In  social  converse  met ; 
And  fires  of  love  were  kindled  then. 

That  burn  on  warmly  yet. 
Oh,  pleasantly  the  stream  of  life 

Pursued  its  constant  flow, 
In  the  days  when  we  were  Pioneers, 

Fifty  years  ago  ! 

We  felt  that  we  were  fellow-men ; 

We  felt  we  were  a  band, 
Sustain'd  here  in  the  wilderness 

By  Heaven's  upholding  hand. 
Aud  when  the  solemn  Sabbath  came. 

We  gathered  in  the  wood. 
And  lifted  up  our  hearts  in  prayer 

To  God,  the  only  Good. 
Our  temples  then  were  earth  and  sky  ; 

None  others  did  we  know. 
In  the  days  when  we  were  Pioneers, 

Fifty  years  ago  I 

Our  forest  life  was  rough  and  rude, 

And  dangers  clos'd  us  round  ; 
But  here,  amid  the  green  old  trees. 

Freedom  was  sought  and  found. 
Oft  through  our  dwellings  wint'ry  blasts 

Would  rush  with  shriek  and  moan  ; 
We  oared  not— though  they  were  but  frail 

We  felt  they  were  our  own  I 
Oh,  free  and  manly  lives  we  led, 

Mid  verdure,  or  mid  snow. 
In  the  days  when  we  were  Pioneers, 

Fifty  years  ago  1 


But  now  our  course  of  life  is  short ; 

And  as,  from  day  to  day, 
We're  walking  on  with  halting  step, 

And  fainting  by  the  way. 
Another  Land  more  bright  than  this, 

To  our  dim  sight  appears, 
And  on  our  way  to  it  we'll  soon 

Again  be  pioneers  1 
Yet  while  we  linger,  we  may  all 

A  backward  glance  still  throw, 
To  the  days  when  we  were  Pioneers, 

Fifty  years  ago  I 


THE  LABORER. 

BY  WU.  D.  GALLAGHBE. 

Stand  up— erect  1     Thou  hast  the  form, 
And  likeness  of  thy  God  I— who  more? 

A  soul  as  dauntless  'mid  the  storm 

Of  daily  life,  a  heart  as  warm 
And  pure,  as  breast  e'er  bore. 

What  then  ?— Thou  art  as  true  a  Man 
As  moves  the  human  mass  among  ; 
As  much  a  part  of  the  Great  Plan 
That  with  creation's  dawn  began. 
As  any  of  the  throng. 

Who  is  thine  enemy  ? — the  high 

station,  or  in  wealth  the  chief? 
The  great,  who  coldly  pass  thee  by, 
With'proud  step  and  averted  eye? 
Nay  I  nurse  not  such  belief. 

If  true  unto  thyself  thou  wast, 

What  were   the  proud   one's    scorn  to 
thee? 
A  feather,  which  thou  mightest  cast 
Aside,  as  idly  as  the  blast 

The  light  leaf  from  the  tree. 
No  : uncurb' d  passions — low  desires — 

Absence  of  noble  self-respect- 
Death,  in  the  breast's  consuming  fires, 
To  that  high  nature  which  aspires 

Forever,  till  thus  check'd  : 
These  are  thine  enemies — thy  worst : 

They  chain  thee  to  thy  lowly  lot— 
Thy  labor  and  thy  life  accurst. 
Oh,  stand  erect  I  and  from  them  burst  I 

And  longer  sufi'er  not  I 
Thou  art  thyself  thine  enemy  I 

The    great  1— what    better    they  than 
thou? 
As  theirs,  is  not  thy  will  as  free  ? 
Has  God  with  equal  favors  thee 
Neglected  to  endow  ? 


I 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF   KENTUCKY. 


True,  wealth  thou  hast  not :  'tis  but  du 

Nor  place;    uncertain  as  the  wind  1 
But  that  thou  hast,  which,  with  thy  on 
And  water  may  despise  the  lust 
Of  both— a  noble  mind. 


With  this,  and  passions  under  ban, 
True  faith,  and  holy  trust  in  God, 

Thou  art  the  peer  of  any  man. 

Look  up,  then— that  thy  little  span 
Of  life  may  be  well  trod  1 


NOBLE  BUTLER, 
Although  a  native  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  born,  July  17, 
1811,  became  a  citizen  of  Louisville,  Ky.  (where  he  still  lives,  Feb.,  1S74), 
before  1840;  graduated  at  Uanover  College,  Indiana,  and  was  for  some  time 
a  professor  there;  has  steadily  followed  the  profession  of  teaching;  is  author 
of  a  valuable  work  on  grammar,  and  has  been  active  in  editing  other  school 
books;  has  written  much  and  well  for  the  press,  but  little  of  it  being  poetry. 


THEKLA,  FROM  SCHILLER. 

TRA.N'SLATED   BY   N.  BUTLEE. 

The  d.ark  clouds  rushi  hear  the  forest  roarl 
The  maiden  wanders  iilong  the  shore. 
The  waves  are  breaking  with  might,  with 

And  the  maiden  sings  out  to  the  murky 
night, 

Her  tear-troubled  eye  upward  roving  : 
My  heart  is  dead,  the  world  is  a  void; 
There  is  nothing  in  it  to  be  enjoyed. 
0  Father,  call  home  thy  child  to  thee  ; 
For  all  the  bliss  that  on  earth  can  be 

I  have  had  in  living  and  loving. 


THE  BLUE-BIRD. 

BY  NOBLE  BUTLER. 

THonoH  Winter's  power  fades  away. 
The  tyrant  does  not  yield; 

But  still  he  holds  a  waning  sway 
O'er  hill  and  grove  and  field. 


lut  while  he  still  is  lingerii 
Some  lovely  days  appear- 


Bright  heralds  from  the  train  of  Spring, 
To  tell  that  she  is  near. 

It  is  as  if  a  day  of  heaven 

Had  fallen  from  on  high, 
And  God's  own  smiles,  for  sunlight  given 

Were  beaming  through  the  sky. 


The  blue-bird  now, 
His  song  of  welCL 

Joy  swells 
Joy  quit 


with  joyous  note, 
ne  sings; 
;  in  his  throat ; 
wings. 


No  cunning  show  of  art  severe. 
But  soft  and  low  his  lay — 

A  sunbeam  shining  to  the  ear — 
Spring's  softest,  brightest  ray. 

Those  m.agio  tones  call  from  the  past 

The  sunny  hours  of  youth; 
And  sh 


g  hopes  come  thronging  fast 
rorlds  of  love  and  truth. 


The  harmony  is  seen  and  heard 


For 
ijoys 


nd  rays  combine, 
hopes,  and  sun  and  bird, 


JAMES  BIRNEY  MARSHALL, 
A  member  of  an  old  Kentucky  family  distinguished  in  oratory,  in  legislation, 
at  the  bar,  and  on  the  bench — eldest  son  of  Judge  John  J.  Marshall,  and 
born  in  Frankfort,  Ky.,  May  25,  1810,  died  in  Meinphis,  Tenn.,  Sept.  3,  1870, 
aged  60 — was  a  literary  editor  and  publisher,  1836-39,  after  which  he  returned 
to  his  former  profession  as  a  political  editor.  He  was  chief  or  assistant  editor 
of  newspapers  in  Frankfort  and  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  in  Cincinnati  and  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  other  places.  Most  of  his  poems  were  written 
and  published  in  1836-38,  in  the  Cincinnati  Mirror  and  iu  the  Western  Literary 
Journal. 


TO  EVA:  IN  HER  ALBUM. 

Touch  gently  with  thy  taper  finger. 
The  string  of  some  lov'd  lute— 

The  cherish'd  sound  will  with  thee  ling 
E'en  when  the  string  is  mute. 


I'd  have  thy  t 
'ar  away  from  ( 


For  friendship's 


tribute 
emory. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Over  the  azure  sky  above, 

Clouds  sweep  in  caravans. 
But  still  the  star  we  watch  and  love, 

In  memory  remains  ; 
And  even  through  their  dusky  forms, 

O'ershadowing  earth  and  sea. 
As  fiercely  driv'n  by  winter-storms. 

That  star  is  bright  to  me. 

Go  grave  thy  name  upon  the  stone 
O'er  which  the  brooklet  hies, 

And  though  with  moss  it  be  o'ergrowi 
And  hid  to  duller  eyes. 


Yet  from  the  eye  of  love  that  name 

Can  never  be  efi'aced — 
Time-covered,  'twill  as  plainly  seem 

As  though  but  newly  traced. 

When  starry  night  doth  wane  away 

Beneath  the  sun's  gay  gleam, 
Do  we  forget  the  moon's  pale  ray 

Lost  in  a  gaudier  beam  7 
Oh  with  the  stars,  I'd  have  thee  keep 

My  friendship's  memory, 
And  when  I  gaze  on  heaven's  blue  deep, 

I'll  fondly  think  of  thee. 


JAMES  G.  DRAKE, 
Was  the  latest  survivor  of  nn  English  family  which  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  before  1810,  and  of  whom  the  father,  Samuel  Drake,  tvro  sons,  Alex- 
ander and  Samuel,  and  a  daughter,  Julia,  became  celebrated  in  the  dramatic 
annals  of  the  West.  Julia  was  the  mother  of  Wm.  W.  Fosdick,  the  poet,  by 
her  first,  and  of  Julia  Dean  the  actress,  by  her  second  husband.  Two  des- 
cendants of  the  family  became  conspicuous  actresses — Julia  Dean  Hayne 
(the  one  last  mentioned  above),  and  Julia  Drake  Chapman,  daughter  of  Alex. 
Drake.  James  G.  Drake  was  the  youngest  brother  of  Alexander,  Samuel,  and 
Julia,  and  the  last  survivor  bearing  the  family  name.  He  died  in  Louisville, 
Ky.,  where  he  resided  nearly  all  his  life.  May  13,  1850.  A  number  of  his 
songs  have  been  widely  admired. 

Their  fragrance  mingles  with  thy  voice. 

And  holy  joy  is  ours. 
Parlez  has  I  and  let  each  tone 
Echo  the  fondness  of  mine  own. 


PAKLEZ  BAS. 

BY    JiMES   O.  DRAKE. 

Parlez  has  1     The  moon  is  Uf 
sleepy  throng 


And( 
The  mocking-bird's  high  notes  are  he 

In  wild  and  witching  song — 
No  eye  shall  trace  thy  footsteps  heri 
But  fear  thee  not  while  love  is  near 

Parlez  has  1     Though  here  we  meet 

In  silence  deep,  alone. 
No  guilty  thoughts  disturb  our  soul 

Nor  wish  we  fear  to  own. 
Pure  as  the  light  yon  orb  imparts. 
Shall  be  the  meeting  of  our  hearts. 

Parlez  has  !     A  genial  breath 

Is  wandering  o'er  earth's  flowers: 


Parlez  has!     And  now  repeat 
The  vow  those  lips  once  made  ; 

Mine  is  a  love  that  can  not  change, 
A  heart  that  ne'er  betrayed. 

0  say  that  thou  wilt  love  me  still, 

Through  storm  or  sunshine,  good  or  ill. 

Parlez  has  !     I  bless  thy  words, 

The  last  that  I  may  hear; 
Sweet  on  my  brow  thy  breath  I  feel, 

Upon  my  cheek  thy  tear. 
Now  take  thee  to  thy  bed  and  rest, 
And  be  thou  bless'd  as  I  am  bless'd. 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON  CUTTER 
Was  born  in  Massachusetts  about  1809,  and  died  in  Washington  city,,  Dec. 
2-1,  1865,  aged  56  ;  was  for  a  number  of  years  a  resident  of  Kentucky ;  prac- 
ticed law  at  Covington ;  commanded  a  company  of  Kentuckians  in  the 
Mexican  war,  and  on  the  field  of  carnage,  after  the  battle,  wrote  his  poem 
"  Buena  Vista ;"  was  at  one  time  a  citizen  of  Indiana,  and  a  member  of  the 
Indiana  legislature.  His  poems — of  which  the  "  Song  of  Steam"  is  the  finest 
and  best  known — were  twice  collected  and  published  in  a  volume,  in  184ii' 
and  1857. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


565 


THE  SONG  OF  STEAM. 

BY  GEORGE  W.  COTTER, 

Harness  me  down  with  your  iron  bands  ; 

Be  sure  of  your  curb  and  rein  : 
For  I  scorn  the  power  of  your  puny  hands, 

As  the  tempest  scorns  a  chain. 
How  I  laughed  as  I   lay  coneeal'd  from 
sight 

For  many  a  countless  hour, 
At  the  childish  boast  of  human  might, 

And  the  pride  of  human  power. 

When  I  saw  an  army  upon  the  land, 

A  navy  upon  the  seas, 
Creeping  along,  a  snail-like  band, 

Or  waiting  the  wayward  breeze  ; 
When  I  marked  the  peasant  faintly  reel 

With  the  toil  which  he  daily  bore, 
As  he  feebly  turned  the  tardy  wheel, 

Or  tugged  at  the  weary  oar ; 

When   I  measured  the  panting  courser's 
speed. 
The  flight  of  the  carrier  dove, 
As  they  bore  the  law  a  king  decreed, 
^   Or  the  lines  of  impatient  love, 
I  could  not  but  think  how  the  world  would 
feel. 
As  these  were  outstripp'd  afar. 
When  I  should  be  bound  to  the  rushing 
keel, 
Or  chain'd  to  the  flying  car. 

Ha  1  ha  1  ha  !  they  found  me  at  last ; 

They«invited  me  forth  at  length  ; 
And  I  rushed  to  my  throne  with  a  thunder- 
blast, 

And  laughed  in  my  iron  strength 
0  then  ye  saw  a  wondrous  change 

On  the  earth  and  the  ocean  wide. 
Where  now  my  fiery  armies  range. 

Nor  wait  for  wind  or  tide. 


il  hu 


the' 


The  mountain's  steep  decline  ; 
Time — space— have  yielded  to  my  power 

The  world  I  the  world  is  mine  1 
The  rivers  the  sun  hath  earliest  blest. 

Or  those  where  his  beams  decline  ; 
The  giant  streams  of  the  queenly  west, 

Or  the  orient  floods  divine  I 

The  ocean  pales  where'er  I  sweep — 

I  hear  my  strength  rejoice  ; 
And  the  monsters  of  tho  briny  deep 

Cower  trembling,  at  my  voice. 


I  carry  the  wealth  and  the  lord  of  earth. 
The  thoughts  of  his  god-like  mind  : 

The  mind  lags  after  my  going  forth. 
The  lightning  is  left  behind. 

In  the  darksome  depths  of  the  fathomless 
mine, 

My  tireless  arm  doth  play  ; 
Where  the  rocks  never  saw  the  sun  decline, 

Or  the  dawn  of  the  glorious  day, 
I  bring  earth's  glittering  jewels  up 

From  the  hidden  caves  below, 
And  I  make  the  fountain's  granite  cup 

With  a  crystal  gush  o'erflow. 

I  blow  the  bellows,  I  forge  the  steel. 

In  all  the  shops  of  trade  j 
I  hammer  the  ore  and  turn  the  wheel 

Where  my  arms  of  strength  are  made  ; 
I  manage  tho  furnace,  the  mill,  the  mint; 

I  carry,  I  spin,  I  weave  ; 
And  all  my  doings  I  put  into  print, 

On  every  Saturday  eve. 

I've  no    muscle   to  weary,    no    breast  to 

No  bones  to  be  "  laid  on  the  shelf," 
And  soon  I  intend  you  may  "go  and  play, " 

While  I  man.age  this  world  myself. 
But  harness  me  down  with  your  iron  bands, 

Be  sure  of  your  curb  and  rein  ; 
For  I  scorn  the  power  of  your  puny  hands, 

As  the  tempest  scorns  a  chain. 


THE  SONS  OF  LIGHTNINO. 

BT  GEORGE  W.  CUTTER. 

AwAT  I  away  I  through  the  sightless  air 

Stretch  forth  your  iron  thread  1 
For  I  would  not  dim  my  sandals  fair 

With  the  dust  ye  tamely  tread  ! 
Aye,  rear  it  up  on  its  million  piers — 

Let  it  circle  the  world  around — 
And  the  journey  ye  make  in  a  hundred 
years 

I'll  clear  at  a  single  bound  I 

Tho'  I  can  not  toil,  like  the  groaning  slave 

Ye  have  fetter'd  with  iron  skill 
To  ferry  you  over  the  boundless  wave. 

Or  grind  in  the  noisy  mill, 
Let  him  sing  his  giant  strength  and  speed  I 

Why,  a  single  shaft  of  mine 
Would  give  that  monster  a  flight  indeed. 

To  tho  depths  of  the  ocean's  brine  1 


566 


THE  POETS  A.\D  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 
And  oft  in  fire  have  I  w 


'm  the  spirit  of  light  and  love  ! 

To  my  unseen  hand  'tis  given 
To  pencil  the  ambient  clouds  above 

And  polish  the  stars  of  heaven  ! 
I  scatter  the  goldeu  rays  of  fire 

On  the  horizon  far  below, 
And  deck  the  sky  where  storms  expire 

With  my  red  and  dazzling  glow. 


The  deepest 


of  earth  are  i 


ilent 


Around  me   the  starry  diamonds  shine, 
And  the  sparkling  fields  of  ore ; 

And  oft  I  leap  from  my  throne  on  high 
To  the  depths  of  the  ocean  caves, 

Where  the  fadeless  forests  of  coral  lie 
Far  under  the  world  of  waves. 

Jly  being  is  like  a  lovely  thought 

That  dwells  in  a  sinless  breast; 
A  tone  of  music  that  ne'er  was  caught ; 

A  word  that  was  ne'er  expressed  ! 
I  dwell  in  the  bright  and  burnish'd  halls 

Where  the  fountains  of  sunlight  play, 
Where  the  curtain  of  gold  and  opal  falls 

O'er  the  scenes  of  the  dying  day. 

With  a  glance  I  cleave  the  sky  in  twain  ; 

I  light  it  with  a  glare. 
When   fall  the  boding-drops  of  rain 

Through  the  darkly-curtain'd  air  ! 
The  rock-built  towers,  the  turrets  gray, 

The  piles  of  a  thousand  years, 
Have  not  the  strength  of  potter's  clay 

Beneath  my  glittering  spears. 

From  the  Alps'  or  the  Andes'  highest  crag, 

From  the  peaks  of  eternal  snow. 
The  blazing  folds  of  my  fiery  flag 

Illumine  the  world  below. 
The  earthquake  heralds  my  coming  power. 

The  avalanche  bounds  awny, 
And  howling  storms  at  midnight's  hour 

Proclaim  my  kingly  sway. 

Ye  tremble  when  my  legions  come — 

When  my  quivering  sword  leaps  out 
O'er  the  hills  that  echo  my  thunder  drum 

And  rend  with  my  joyous  shout. 
Ye  quail  on  the  land,  or  upon  the  seas 

Ye  stand  in  your  fear  aghast. 
To  see  me  burn  the  stalworth  trees. 

Or  shiver  the  stately  mast. 

The  hieroglyphs  on  the  Persian  wall — 

The  letters  of  high  command- 
Where  the  prophet  read  the  tyrant's  fall, 
Were  traced  by  my  burning  hand. 


I  all 


^ry   Heaven  decreed  ; 
lied  eyes  of  sinful  men 
too  blind  to  read. 


At  length  the  hour  of  light  is  here. 

And  kings  no  more  shall  bind. 
Nor  bigots  crush  with  craven  fear 

The  forward  march  of  mind. 
The  words  of  Truth  and  Freedom's  rays 

Are  from  my  pinions  hurl'd; 
And  soon  the  light  of  better  days 

Shall  rise  upon  the  world. 

But  away  !  away  !  through  the  sightless  air 

Stretch  forth  your  iron  thread  1 
For  I  would  not  dim  my  sandals  fair 

With  the  dust  ye  tamely  tread  I 
Aye!  rear  it  up  on  its  thousand  piers — 

Let  it  circle  the  world  around — 
And  the   journey  ye  make  in  a  hundred 
years 

I'll  clear  at  a  single  bound. 


INVOCATION.* 

BY  GEORGE  "W.   CCTTEH. 

Spirit  of  truth,  of  love,  and  light ! 

Thou  that  h-ast  ever  faithful  been 
To  cheer  the  long  and  stormy  night 

Of  hope  and  God-abandon'd  men  ; 
Pilgrim,  whose  worn  and  bleeding  feet 

Have  sought  each  joy-deserted  place 
Of  earth,  to  shed  thy  visions  sweej 

Before  our  chain'd  and  hurden'd  race. 

Scorner  of  dungeon,  whip,  and  rack. 

Thou  only  angel  that  remain'd 
When  weeping  Mercy  turned  her  back 

Upon  a  world  that  crime  had  stained  I 
Thou  tyrant-tamer,  born  in  heaven. 

To  be  the  polar  star  of  man  ; 
Thou  moral  earthquake,  that  hast  riven 

And  trampled  every  bar  and  ban. 

There's  not  a  vale  in  all  the  world, 

However  dark,  but  thou  hast  trod  ; 
There's  not  a  hill  but  where  has  curl'd 

Thy  altar-fires,  as  to  a  God  ! 
O'er  forest,  field,  or  ocean  wave. 

Thy  deathless  p.neans  have  been  heard; 
The  lion  roars  them  in  his  cave. 

They're  shouted  by  the  desert-bird. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


567 


Thou  soul  of  all  that's  good  and  grand 
Thou  essence  of  the  great  sublime, 

Thou  star  of  hope,  thou  beacon  brand 
That  lights  the  onward  march  of  tin 


0  Liberty  !  let  tyrants  start 

And  tremble  at  thy  dread  appeal, 

Thou  music  of  the  patriot's  heart 

Midst  rending  fire  and  bristling  steel  1 


MES.  AMELIA  B.   WELBY. 


This  favorite  poetess,  n^  Coppuck,  was  a  native  of  Maryland,  born  at 
St.  Michael's,  Feb.  3,  1819 ;  removed,  in  1834,  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  her 
poetic  genius  first  became  generally  known  ;  and  there  she  died.  May  3, 1852, 
aged  32.  A  full  biographical  sketch  will  be  found  under  Jefferson  county, 
in  Volume  II  of  this  work. 


THE  RAINBOW. 

BY    AMELIA    B.    WELBT. 

I  SOMETIMES  have  thoughts,  in  my  loneliest 

hours, 
That  lie  on  my  heart  like  the  dew  on  the 

flowers. 
Of  a  ramble  I  took  one  bright  afternoon, 
When  my  heart  was  as  light  as  a  blossom 

in  June; 
The  green  earth  was  moist  with  the  late 

fallen  showers, 
The  breeze  fluttered  down  and  blew  open 

the  flowers, 
While  a  single  white  cloud  to  its  haven  of 

On  the  white  wing  of  peace,  floated  oflT  in 
the  west. 


As  I  threw  back  my  tresses  to  catch  the 

cool  breeze. 
That  scattered  the  rain-drops  and  dimpled 

the  seas, 
Far  up  the  blue  sky  a  fair  rainbow  un- 
its soft-tinted  pinions  of  purple  and  gold. 
'Twas  born  in  a  moment,  yet,  quick  as  its 

birth, 
It  had  stretched  to  the  uttermost  ends  of 

the  earth, 
And,  fair  as  an  angel,  it  floated  as  free, 
With  a  wing  on  the  earth  and  a  wing  on 


the 


How  calm  was  the  ocean  I  how  gentle  its 

swell  I 
Like  a  woman's  soft  bosom  it  rose  and  it 

fell; 
While  its  light  sparkling  waves,  stealing 

laughingly  o'er. 
When  they  saw  the    fair  rainbow,  knelt 

down  on  the  shore. 


No  sweet  hymn  ascended,  no  murmur  of 

prayer, 
Yet  I  felt  that  the  spirit  of  worship  was 

there, 
And  bent  my  young  head  in  devotion  and 

'Neath  the  form  of  the  angel  that  floated 
above. 


How  wide  was  the  sweep  of  its  beautiful 

wings  I 
How  boundless  its  circle  I  how  radiant  its 

rings! 
If  I  looked  on  the  sky,  'twas  suspended  in 

air; 
If  I  looked  on  the  ocean,  the  rainbow  was 

there ; 
Thus    forming  a  girdle,  as  brilliant  and 

whole 
As    the    thoughts    of  the    rainbow,    that 

circled  my  soul. 
Like  the  wing  of  the  Deity,  calmly  un- 
furled. 
It  bent  from  the  cloud  and  encircled  the 


orld. 


are    moments,  I  think. 


Whole  volumes  of  thought  < 


■itter 


When  the  folds  of  the  heart  in  a  moment 

Like  the  innermost  leaves  from  the  heart 

of  a  rose. 
And  thus,  when  the  rainbow  bad  passed 

from  the  sky, 
The  thoughts  it  awoke  were  too  deep  to 

pass  by  ; 
It    left  my  full  soul,  like   the   wing   of  a 

dove. 
All  fluttering  with  pleasure,  and  fluttering 

with  love. 


5G8 
I  knc 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


But  shortens  the  links  in  life's  mystical 

chain  ; 
I  know  that  my  form,  like  that  bow  from 

the  wave, 
Must  pass  from  the  earth,  and  lie  cold  in 

the  grave  ; 
Tet  0  I  when  death's  shadows  my  bosom 

encloud, 
When  I  shrink  at  the  thought  of  the  coffin 

and  shroud. 
May  Hope,   like   the  rainbow,   my  spiri 

enfold 
In  her  beautiful  pinions  of  purple  and  gold 

THE  DEW-DROP. 

BY  AMELIA  B.  WELBT. 

I  AM  a  sparkling  drop  of  dew, 
Just  wept  from  yon  silver  star, 
But  drops  of  dew 
Have  very  few 
To  care  for  what  they  are  ; 
For  little  ye  dream,  who  dwell  below, 
Of  all  I've  wandered  through  ; 
Ye  only  know 
I  sparkle  so. 
Because  I'm  a  drop  of  dew. 
I  flashed  at  first  with  waves,  that  whirl 
O'er  Ihe  blue,  blue  tossing  sea; 
Where  eddies  curl 
O'er  beds  of  pearl 
I  wandered  wild  and  free, 
Till  I  chanced  to  spy  an  elfin  king. 
And  I  danced  before  his  view, 
When  the  merry  king, 
With  his  glittering  wing, 
Whisked  off  the  drop  of  dew. 

The  evening  air  with  sweets  was  fraught, 
And  away  we  flitted  far. 

When,  quick  as  thought, 

I   was  upward  caught, 
To  yon  lovely  vesper  star; 
And  I'm  very  sure  a  gentle  charm 
That  bright  thing  round  me  threw, 

For  an  angel  form. 

In  her  bosom  warm. 
Enfolded  the  drop  of  dew. 

But  I  slept  not  long  in  yon  starry  bower. 
In  the  bosom  of  my  love. 

For,  in  a  shower. 

To  this  primrose  flower, 
She  sent  me  from  above  : 


I  And  soon  its  moonlight  leaves  will  close, 
But  they  hide  me  not  from  view. 
For  the  wind,  that  flows 
O'er  the  young  primrose. 
Will  kiss  ofi'  the  drop  of  dew. 


PULPIT  ELOQUENCE. 

BY  AMELIA  B.  WELBY. 

The  day  was  declining;  the  breeze  in  its 

glee. 
Had  left  the  fair  blossoms  to  sing  on  the 

sea, 
As   the  sun  in  its   gorgeousness,  radiant 

and  still, 
Dropped  down  like  a  gem  from  the  brow 

of  the  hill; 
One  tremulous  star,  in  the  glory  of  June, 
Came  out  with  a  smile  and  sat  down  by 

the  moon. 
As  she  graced  her  blue  throne  with  the 

pride  of  a  queen. 
The   smiles  of  her  loveliness   gladdening 


The  scene  was 

enchanting!    in    di 

stance 

away 

Rolled    the    foam-crested    waves    o 

f    the 

Chesapeake 

Bay, 

While  bathed  in 

the  moonlight  the  v 

illage 

■was  seen, 

With  the  church 

in  the  distance  that 

stood 

on  the  green 

The  soft-sloping 

meadows  lay  brightly  un- 

rolled, 

With  their  mant 

es   of  verdure  and 

blos- 

somsofgold 

And  the  earth  in 

her  beauty,  forgett 

ngto 

grieve. 

Lay  asleep  in  he 

r  bloom  on  the  bosom  of 

A    light-hearted 

child,  I    had  wan 

dered 

iway 
From  the  spot  where    my    footsteps    had 

gamboled  all  day, 
And  free  as  a  bird's  was  the  song  o 

ioul, 
As  I  heard  the  wild  waters  exultingly  roll, 

e,  lightening  my  heart  as  I  sported 

With  bursts  of  low  laughter  and  snatchcg 

I  struck  in  the  pathway  half-worn  o'er  the 

sod 
By  the  feet  that  went  up  to  the  worship 

)f  God. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


5G9 


As  I  traced  its  green  windihgs,  a  murmur 

of  prayer, 
AVith  the  hymn  of  the  worshipers,  rose  on 

the  air, 
And,  drawn  by  the  links  of  its  sweetness 

I  stood  unobserved  in  the  midst  of    the 

throng ; 
For  awhile  my  young  spirit  still  wandered 

about 
With  the  birds,  and  the  winds,  that  were 

singing  without ; 
But  birds,  waves,  and  zephyrs  were  quickly 

In  one  angel-like  being  that  brightened 
the  spot. 

In  stature  majestic,  apart  from  the  throng, 
He  stood  in  his  beauty,  the  theme  of  my 

song  ! 
His  cheek  pale  with  fervor — the  blue  orbs 

Lit  up  with  the  splendors  of  youth  and  of 

Yet  the  heart-glowing  rapturesthat  beamed 
from  those  eyes. 

Seemed  saddened  by  sorrows,  and  chas- 
tened by  sighs, 

As  if  the  young  heart  in  its  bloom  had 
grown  cold. 

With  its  loves  unrequited,  its  sorrows  un- 
told. 

Such  language  as  his  I  may  never  re- 
call; 

But  his  theme  was  salvation — salvation 
to  all  ; 

And  the  souls  of  a  thousand  in  ecstacy 
hung 

On  the  manna-like  sweetness  that  dropped 
from  his  tongue  j 

Not  alone  on  the  ear  his  wild  eloquence 

Enforced  by  each  gesture  it  sank  to  the 
Till  it  seemed  that  an  an  gel  had  brightened 

And  brought  to  each  bosom  a  message  from 

God. 
He  spoke  of  the  Saviour — what  pictures 

he  drew  I 
The  scene  of  his  sufferings  rose  clear  on 

The  cross — the  rude  cross  where  he  suf- 
fered and  died. 

The  gush  of  bright  crimson  that  flowed 
from  his  side 


The  cup  of  his    sorrows,  the  wormwood 

The  darkness  that  mantled  the  earth  as  a 

pall, 
The  garland  of  thorns,  and  the  demon-like 

crews, 
Who  knelt  as  they  scoffed  Him—"  Hail, 

King  of  the  Jews  I" 

He  spake,  and  it  seemed  that  his  statue- 
like form 
Expanded  and  glowed  as  his  spirit  grew 

His  tone  so  inipassionea,  so  melting  his 

As  touched  with  compassion,  he  ended  in 

prayer, 
His  hands  clasped  above  him,  his  blue  orbs 


Still  pleading  for  sins  that  ■ 


never  his 


While  that  mouth,  where  such  sweetness 

ineffable  clung, 
Still  spoke,  though  expression  had  died  on 

his  tongue. 

0    God  I     what     emotions     the     speaker 

awoke  I 
A  mortal  he  seemed — yet  a  deity  spoke; 
A  man — yet  so  far  from  humanity  riven  1 
On  earth— yet  so  closely  connected  with 

heaven  I 
How  oft  in  my  fancy  I've  pictured  him 

there, 
Ashe  stood  in  that  triumph  of  passion  and 

prayer, 
With    his    eyes    closed    in  rapture — their 

transient  eclipse 
Made  bright  by  the  smiles  that  illumined 

his  lips. 

There's  a  charm  in  delivery,  a  magical  art, 
That  thrills,  like  a  kiss,  from  the  lip  to  the 

'Tis  the  glance,  the  expression,  the  well- 
chosen  word, 

By  whose  magic  the  depths  of  the  spirit 
are  stirred. 

The  smile,  the  mute  gesture,  the  soul- 
startling  pause. 

The  eye's  sweet  expression,  that  melts 
while  it  awes. 

The  lip's  soft  persuasion,  its  musical 
tone — 

0  such  was  the  charm  of  that  eloquent 
one  I 


570 

The  till 


ong 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY, 

t   how  clearly 


That  bay-church  and  village  float  up  on 

my  mind  ; 
I  see  amid  azure  the  moon  in  her  pride, 
With  the  sweet  little  trembler,  that  sat  by 

her  side  ; 
I  hear  the    blue  waves,  as    she  wanders 

Leap  up  in  their  gladness  and    sing  her 

a  song, 
And  I  tread  in  the  pathway  half-worn  o'er 

the  sod. 
By  the  feet  that  went  up  to  the  worship 

of  God. 

The  time  is  long  past,  yet  what  visions  I 

see  1 
The  past,  the  dim  past,  is  the  present  to 

I  am  standing  once  more  mid  that  heart- 
stricken  throng, 

A  vision  floats  up — 'tis  the  theme  of  my 
song- 


All  glorious  and  bright  as  a  spirit  of  air. 
The  light  like  a  halo  encircling  his  hair — 
As  I  catch  the  same  accents  of  sweetness 

He    whispers    of    Jesus — and    points    us 


How  sweet  to  my  heart  is  the  picture  I've 

traced  ! 
Its  chain  of  bright  fancies  seemed  almost 

efi"aced. 
Till  memory,  the  fond  one,  that  sits  in  the 

soul. 
Took  up  the  frail  links,  and  connected  the 

whole : 
As  the  dew  to  the  blossom,  the  bud  to  the 

bee. 
As  the  scent  to  the  rose,  are  tt 


Round  the  chords  of  my  heart  they  have 

tremblingly  clung, 
And  the  echo  it  gives  is  the  song  I  have 

sung. 


MRS.  LAURA  M.  THURSTON. 
This  hislily  gifted  poetess,  »i&  Hawley — born  in  Connecticut,  Dec,  1812, 
died  in  New  Albany,  Indiana,  July  21, 1842,  aged  29 — can  scarcely  be  classed 
as  a  Kentucky  poetess.  And  yet  she  spent  so  much  time  in  Louisville,  and 
among  appreciative  Kentucky  friends ;  her  poetic  talent  was  so  generously 
encouraged  and  developed  by  the  Louisville  Journal  and  by  Wra.  D.  Gallag- 
her in  his  Hesperian  ;  and  her  intimacy  with  Mrs.  Amelia  B.  Welby  and 
other  Kentucky  poetesses  was  so  charming — as  to  make  it  not  improper  to 
preserve  the  following  pieces  in  memory  of  her — the  second  written  by  her 
self,  but  the  first  Amelia  B.  Welby's  tribute  to  her. 


ON  THE  DEATH  OF  A  SISTEK 
POETESS. 

BY  AMELIA  B.  WELBT. 

She  has  passed,  like    a    bird,  from   the 

minstrel  throng, 
She  has  gone  to  the  land  where  the  lovely 

belong  ! 
Her  place  is  hush'd  by  her  lover's  side. 
Yet    his   heart  is  full  of  his    fair    young 

bride; 
The  hopes  of  his  spirit  are  crushed  and 

As  he  thinks  of  his  love  in  her  long  white 

For  the   fragrant  sighs   of  her  perfumed 

breath 
Were  kissed  from  her  lips  by  his  rival — 

Death. 


Cold  is  her  bosom,  her  thin  white  arms 
All  mutely  crossed  o'er  its  icy  charms, 
As  she  lies,  like  a  statue  of  Grecian  art. 
With  a  marbled  brow  and  a  cold  hushed 

heart ; 
Her  locks  are  bright,  but  their  gloss  is  hid; 
Her  eye  is  sunken  'neath  its  waxen  lid  : 
And  thus  she  lies  in  her  narrow  hall — 
Our  fair  young  minstrel — the  loved  of  all. 


Light  as  a  bird's  were  her  springing  feet, 
Her  heart  as  joyous,  her  song  as  sweet ; 
Yet  never  again  shall  that  heart  be  stirred 
With  its  glad  wild  songs  like  a  singing 

bird: 
Ne'er  again  shall  the  strains  be  sung. 
That  in  sweetness  dropped  from  her  silver 

tongue ; 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


le  music  is  o'er,  and  Death's  cold  dart 
Uh  broken  the  spell  of  that  free,  glad 


Often  at  eve,  when  the  breeze  is  still. 
And  the  moon  floats  up  by  the   distant 


As 

I    w 

bowe 

ander    alone 

mid 

the 

summer 

And  wreathe  my  locks  with  tl 

e  sweet  wild 

flowe 

rs,    • 

Iw 

11  th 

ther 

nk  of  the  time 

when 

she 

lingered 

With  her 

mild  blue  eye 

sand 

her 

ong  fair 

hair 

I  will  tr 

easure  her  na 

me   in 

my 

bosom- 

core 

Bu 

my  heart  is  sad— I 

cans 

ng  no  more. 

THE  GREEN  HILLS  OF  MY 
FATHERLAND. 

BY  LAURA   M.  THURSTON. 

The  green  hills  of  my  father-land 

In  dreams  still  greet  my  view  ; 
I  see  once  more  the  wave-girt  strand- 

The  ocean-depth  of  blue— 
The  sky— the  glorious  sky,  outspread 

Above  their  calm  repose — ■ 
The  river,  o'er  its  rocky  bed 

Still  singing  as  it  flows — 
The  stillness  of  the  Sabbath  hours, 


When 


go  up  to  pray- 


The  sunlight  resting  on  the  flowers— 
The  birds  that  sing  among  the  bowers, 
Through  all  the  summer  day. 

Land  of  my  birth  I — mine  early  love  I 

Once  more  thine  airs  I  breathe  1 
I  see  thy  proud  hills  tower  above — 

Thy  green  vales  sleep  beneath — 
Thy  groves,  thy  rocks,  thy  murmuring 
rills. 

All  rise  before  mine  eyes. 
The  dawn  of  morning  on  thy  hills, 

Thy  gorgeous  sunset  skies— 
Thy  forests,  from  whose  deep  recess 


A  thousand  streams  have  birth, 
Glad'ning  the  lonely  wilderness, 
And  filling  the  green  silentness 

With  melody  and  mirth. 

I  wonder  If  my  home  would  seem 

As  lovely  as  of  yore  ! 
I  wonder  if  the  mountain  stream 

Goes  singing  by  the  door  I 
And  if  the  flowers  still  bloom  as  fair, 

And  if  the  woodbines  climb, 
As  when  I  used  to  train  them  there, 

In  the  dear  olden  time  I 
I  wonder  if  the  birds  still  sing 

Upon  the  garden  tree. 
As  sweetly  as  in  that  sweet  spring 
Whose  golden  memories  gently  bring 

So  many  dreams  to  me  I 


I  know  that  there  hath  been  a  change, 

A  change  o'er  hall  and  hearth  I 
Faces  and  footsteps  new  and  strange, 

About  my  place  of  birth  1 
The  heavens  above  are  still  as  bright 

As  in  the  days  gone  by. 
But  vanished  is  the  beacon  light 

That  cheered  my  morning  sky  ! 
And  hill,  and  vale,  and  wooded  glen. 

And  rock,  and  murmuring  stream, 
That  wore  such  glorious  beauty  then, 
Would  seem,  should  I  return  again,  . 

The  record  of  a  dream  ! 


I  mourn  nut  for  my  childhood's  hours, 

Since,  in  the  far-off  West, 
'Neath  sunnier  skies,  in  greener  bowers. 

My  heart  hath  found  its  rest. 
I  mourn  not  for  the  hills  and  streams 

That  chained  my  steps  so  long. 
Yet  still  I  see  them  in  my  dreams. 

And  hail  them  in  my  song; 
And  often  by  the  hearth-fire'.s  blaze. 

When  winter  eves  shall  come, 
We'll  sit  and  talk  of  other  days, 
And  sing  the  well-remembered  lays 

Of  my  Green  Mountain  Home. 


MRS.  SOPHIA  HELEN  OLIVER 
Wa3  a  native  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  born  1811  ;  married,  in  1837,  and  removed 
to  southern  Ohio;  contributed  some  of  her  beat  poema  to  Cincinnati  newa- 
papera,  between  1841  and  1851. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


SHADOWS. 

BT  SOPHIA  H.   OLIVEH. 

They  are  gliding,  they  are  gliding, 

O'er  the-meadows  green  and  gay  ; 
Like  a  fairy  troop  they're  riding 

Through  the  breezy  woods  away  ; 
On  the  mountain-tops  they  linger 

When  the  sun  is  sinking  low, 
And  they  point  with  giant  finger 

To  the  sleeping  vale  below. 

They  are  flitting,  they  are  flitting, 

O'er  the  waving  corn  and  rye, 
And  now  they're  calmly  sitting 

'Neath  the  oak-tree's  branches  high. 
And  where  the  tired  reaper 

Hath  sought  the  sheltering  tree, 
They  dance  above  the  sleeper 

In  light,  fantastic  glee. 

They  are  creeping,  they  are  creeping. 

Over  valley,  hill,  and  stream, 
Like  the  thousand  fancies  sweeping 

Through  a  youthful  poet's  dream. 
Now  they  mount  on  noiseless  pinions 

With  the  eagle  to  the  sky- 
Soar  along  those  broad  dominions 

Where  the  stars  in  beauty  lie. 

They  are  dancing,  they  are  dancing, 

Where  our  country's  banner  bright 
In  the  morning  beam  is  glancing, 

With  its  stars  and  stripes  of  light; 
And  where  the  glorious  prairies 

Spread  out  like  garden  bowers. 
They  fly  along  like  fairies. 

Or  sleep  beneath  the  flowers. 

They  are  leaping,  they  are  leaping. 
Where  a  cloud  beneath  the  moon 

O'er  the  lake's  soft  breast  is  sleeping. 
Lulled  by  a  pleasant  tune  ; 


And  where  the  fire  is  glancing 
At  twilight  through  the  hall. 

Tall  specter  forms  are  dancing 
Upon  the  lofty  wall. 

They  are  lying,  they  are  lying. 

Where  the  solemn  yew-tree  waves. 
And  the  evening  winds  are  sighing 

In  the  lonely  place  of  graves  ; 
And  their  noiseless  feet  are  creeping. 

With  slow  and  stealthy' tread, 
Where  the  ancient  church  is  keeping 

Its  watch  above  the  dead. 


Lo,  they  follow  I— lo,  they  follow  1 

Or  before  flit  to  and  fro 
By  mountain,  stream,  or  hollow 


Wl 


!iy  gi 


And  never  for  another 

Will  the  shadow  leave  his  side — 
More  faithful  than  a  brother. 

Or  all  the  world  beside. 


0  Shadows,  pale  and  cold  I 
That  friends  to  earth  did  bind  me. 

Now  sleeping  in  the  mould  ; 
The  young,  the  loved,  the  cherished. 

Whose  mission  early  done. 
In  life's  bright  noontide  perished, 

Like  shadows  in  the  sun. 

The  departed,  the  departed — 

1  greet  them  with  my  tears — 
The  true  and  gentle-hearted. 

The  friends  of  earlier  years. 
Their  wings  like  shadows  o'er  me, 

Methinks,  are  spread  for  aye. 
Around,  behind,  before  me. 

To  guard  the  devious  way. 


MRS.  REBECCA  S.  NICHOLS 

Was  a  native  of  Greenwich,  New  Jersey ;  brought  to  the  West  during  her 
childhood,  by  her  father,  Dr.  E.  B.  Reed ;  married  in  1S38,  while  a  resident 
of  Louisville;  assisted  her  husband  in  editing  a  daily  newspaper  in  St.  Louis; 
in  1846,  conducted  a  literary  newspaper  in  Cincinnati,  The  Guest;  was  a 
frequent  or  regular  contributor  to  a  number  of  newspapers  and  periodicals, 
in  Louisville,  Cincinnati,  and  the  Eastern  cities.  Her  earliest  poems  were 
published,  over  the  signature  of  Ellen,  in  the  Louisville  Journal  and  the 
Louisville  News  Letter.  In  1844  and  again  in  1857,  her  poems  were  collected 
and  published,  in  an  elesant  volume.  The  length  of  her  best  poems  forbids 
their  insertion  here. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY 
INDIAN  SUMMER. 

BY    REBECCA    3.    NICHOLS. 

It  is  the  Imlian  Summer  time, 


573 


The  diiys  of  mist,  and  haze  and  glory, 
And  on  the  leaves  in  hues  sublime, 

The    Autumn    paints    poor    Summer': 
story  ; 
"  '  She  died  in  beauty,'  "  sing  the  hours, 

"And  left  on  earth  a  glorious  shadow  ; 
"  '  She  died  in  beauty,'  like  her  flowers,' 

Is  painted  on  each  wood  and  meadow  : 
She  perished  like  bright  human  hopes. 

That  blaze  awhile  upon  life's  altar; 
And  o'er  her  green  and  sunny  slopes 

The  plaintive  winds  her  dirges  falter. 


Iti 


The 


son    leaves,    like 
ing, 


The  brightest  tints  of  every  clime 

Are  o'er  our  Western  forests  streaming; 
How  bright  the  hours  1  yet  o'er  their  close. 

The  moments  sigh  in  mournful  duty, 
And  redder  light  around  them  glows. 

Like  hectic  on  the  cheek  of  beauty. 
Fair  maiden,  when  thy  spring  is  o'er, 

And  all  thy  summer  flowers  are  gath- 

May  Autumn  with  a  golden  store, 

Keplace  the  buds  so  quickly  withered  ; 

And  bind  unto  thy  heart  this  truth. 
That  it  may  live  when  dead  thy  roses, 

"Religion  is  the  light  of  youth, 

And  gilds  life's  Autumn  as  it  closes." 


TO-DAT. 

BY  REBECCA  S.  NICHOLS. 

As  into  space,  from  poet's  prophet  tongue, 
Fall  cadenced  thoughts,  harmonious  as 
the  spheres  ; 

So  by  Time's  voices  syllabled  and  sung, 
The  hours  drop  down  the  silent  gulf  of 


Farewell,  fleet  moments  1  which  are  ours 


ivift  ye  flew  along  the  dial's  wayl 
V,   transfigured    on    that    distant 


Ye  make  the  Present's  solemn  yester- 
day 1 


Wide  grave,  to  which  the  morrow,s  are  all 
whirled, 
By    Time's    steep   «ar    that   ne'er   has 

Since  first  its  wheels  went  circling  round 
our  world. 
Wearing    deep    furrows     in    its    rocky 
breast. 

Through  the  long  yesterday  of  cycles  past, 
We  grope,  to  find  a  self-illumined  page. 

Which   like  a  star  within  a  dreary  vast, 
Reveals  but  darkness  of  a  by-gone  age. 

We  read  that  man  who  turned  aside  from 
God, 
Begot  a  loathsome  leprosy  within  ; 
Incarnadined    his    hands    with    brother's 


And  made  foul  sacrifice  to  new-born  sin. 

Death  and  destruction  followed  in  his  path; 

Fair  Knowledge  shrieked  and  hid  her 

from  his  gaze ; 

The  slave  of  Ignorance,  man  s  cruel  wrath 

Stamped  with  red  guilt  those  early  evil 

days. 


Thi: 


ight  of  horror  past,  the  da 


Now,  beauteous  feet    of    Wisdom  walk 
the  Earth  ; 
On  Freedom's  altar  burns  a  heavenly  flame, 
The  world  rejoices  in  its  second  birth  1 

Fair  sons  of  Science,  revel  in  the  light ! 
Your  star  shall  pierce  all  hidden  depths 
of  things; 
Teacher  and  Toiler,  your  task  unite. 
And  crowns  shall  prove  the  empty  dream 
of  kings. 

The    watch-words,    "  Peace,    Good-will  " 
from  man  to  man. 
Those  golden  lessons  by  the  Meek  One 
taught. 
Which  down  the  serried  lines  of  ages  ran. 
Until    To-day's    blessed    liberty    they 
wrought. 


Peace    and 

Goc 

d-will !  "    transcendent 

words  of 

powe 

r. 

Written  in 

stars 

upon  the  azu 

re  way  ; 

uides  of  the 

hour. 
Our  promis 

yea 

,  and  guardi 

ms  of  the 

e    ye 

sterday— our 

hope  To- 

dayl 

574 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


MRS.  CATHARINE  ANN  WARFIELD, 
Nee  Ware,  was  born  in  Washington,  Mississippi,  in  1817 ;  married  in  1833 
to  Elisha  Warfield,  Jr.,  of  Lexington,  Ky. ;  spent  several  years  in  foreign 
travel;  about  1838,  settled  at  Lexington,  and  in  1858  removed  to  Pewee 
Valley,  near  Louisville.  In  1842,  her  poems  and  those  of  her  sister,  Mrs. 
Eleanor  Percy  Lee,  were  published  in  a  volume  entitled  "  Poems  by  Two 
Sisters  of  the  West ;"  and  in  1846  a  second  volume  was  published— the  poems 
evincinr;  a  riper  judgment  and  more  maturity  of  thought.  In  1858-60,  Mrs. 
Warfield  published  in  the  Louisville  Journal  some  poems  of  increasing  strength 
and  beauty. 

THE  ATLANTIC  TELEGRAPH.  Doth  that  slender  cord,  as  it  threads  the 

BY  CATHARINE  A.  WAEFIKLD. 

In  the  gray  depths  of  the  silent  sea 
Where  twilight  reigns  over  mystery  ; 
Where  no   signs  prevail  of  the  tempest's 

And  no  forms  of  the  upper  life  intrude  ; 
Where  the  wrecks  of  the  elder  world  are 

laid 
In  a  realm  of  stillness,  of  death,  of  shade, 
And  the  mournful  forests  of  coral  grow — 
They  have  chained  the  lightning  and  laid 

Life  of  the  universe  I     Spirit  of  fire! 
From  that  single  chord  of  thy  living  lyre, 
Sweep  us  a  strain  of  the  depths  profound — 
Teach    us    the    mysteries  that    gird  thee 

'round- 
Make    us    to   know  through  what  realms 

unsought 
By  the  mariner's  eye,  or  the  poet's  thought 
Thy  thrilling  impulse  flows  free  and  strong. 
As  the  flash  of  soul,  or  the  stream  of  song  ! 

Say,  does  the  path  of  the  lightning  lie 
Through  desolate  cities  still  fair  and  high? 
With  their  massive  marbles  and  ancient 

state- 
Though  the  ^a-snake  coils  at  the  temple's 

gate? 
Or  lays  his  length  in  the  streets  of  sand, 
Where  rolled  the  chariot,  or  marched  the 

Or  where,  oppressed  by  his  m.artial  load. 
The    monstrous    step    of    the    mammoth 
strode  ? 

Doth  he  raise  for  a  moment  his  crested 

head 
As  the  thrill  of  thought  is  above  him  sped? 
And  feel  the  shock — through  every  fold — 
Firing  his  blood — from  its  torpor  cold? 
Till  he  learns  to  woo  the  mystic  chain 
That  stirs  new  life  in  each  sluggish  vein 
And  seeks  its  warmth,  as  it  works  its  task, 
As  a  desert  serpent  in  sun  may  bask? 


Stretch  past  the  portals  of  mighty  caves? 
Places  of  splendor  where  jewels  gleam 
In  the  glare  of  the  blue  phosphoric  stream 
Shed  by  those  living  lamps  that  grow 
In  the  lofty  roof  and  the  walls  of  snow  ; 
And  where  the  kings  of  the  weltering  brine 
Hold    their    wild    revels — by  throne    and 
shrine. 

We  follow  fast  on  thy  path  of  fire 
With  a  dreaming  fancy — oh,  mystic  wire; 
We  see  the  mountains  and  valleys  gray 
With  plants  that  know  not  the  upper  day— 
We  see  the  fissures  that  grimly  lie 
Where  the  wounded  whale  dives  down  to 

die— 
And  more  I  we  see,  what  hath  stirred  us 

The  wrecks  that  checker  the  ocean  floor — 

Ships  that  full  freighted  with  life  and  gold, 

Suddenly  sank  to  a  doom  untold  ; 
Galleons  that  floating  from  haughty  Spain, 
Reached  not  the  haven  of  home  again  ; 
Martial  vessels  of  power  and  pride 
Shattered  and  mounted  and  carnnge-dyed  ; 
And  giant  steamers  that  stemmed  the  seas 
Whose  fate  is  with  ocean  mysteries. 

We  know  that  our  country's  flag  is  there, 
And  many  a  form  of  her  brave  and  fair — 
Dost  thou  keep  them    safely,  oh  1    lower 

In    their   changeless    beauty  and  solemn 

sleep? 
Or  al-e  they  given  to  the  dark  decay 
Of  the  charnel-house  and  the  bed  of  clay  ? 
'Tis  a  holy  charge  that  thou  hast  in  trust — 
Our  stately  vessels — our  sacred  dust  I 

Full  many  a  message  of  haste  and  love 
Shall  quiver  the  broken  mast  above. 
Or  flash  by  those  shapes,  erect  and  pale, 
With  loaded  feet  and  with  shrouding  sail, 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


That  "stand  and  wait"  without  hope  or 

For  the  great  sea  to  give  up  its  (Jead — 
When  those  long  parted  by  land  and  wave 
Shall  meet  in  the  glory  beyond  the  grave. 

Sad  thoughts  are  these  that  will  have  their 

Let  them  pass  in  the  tide  of  exulting  powerl 
In  the  stream  of  praise  and  the  anthem 

free, 
To  the  mighty  Maker  of  earth  and  sea, 
Who  hath  granted  skill  to  a  finite  race. 
To  conquer  time  and  to  cancel  space — 
And  through  a  human  hand  hath  thrown 
His  grappling-iron  from  zone  to  zone. 


SPRING  THUNDER. 

BY    CATHARINE    A.    WARFIELD. 

We  know  by  the  breath  of  the  balmy  air, 
By  the  springing  grass  and  the  sunshine 

fair- 
By  the  soft  rain  falling— as  if  in  love 
The  sleeping  blossoms  and  bulbs  above — 
By  the  tint  of  green  on  the  forest  brown, 
By  the  fallen  tassels  of  Aspen  down, 
By  the  lilac  bud  and  the  tufted  larch — 
That    we    have    done  with    the  wayward 

March. 

We  know  by  the  call  of  the  nestling  bird, 
As  sho  feels  her  mother  impulse  stirred, 
By  the  venturing  forth  of  the  lonely  bee 
(Like  the  dove    sent    out    o'er    the  olden 


Bv  the  croak  of  the  frog  i 

pond. 
By  the    clove's    low    moan 

beyond. 


willowy 
le    copse 


By  the  quickening  pulse  and  the  thrilling 

That  April  laughs  into  life  again. 

But    not    the    sunshine,    the    breeze,   the 

showers, 
The  tender  green   on  the  embryo  flowers. 
The    voices    of  birds    or    the    quickened 

Appeal  with  such  startling  eloquence 
To  the  heart  that  yearns  for  the  summer's 

(Weary     and    earth-sick     from    winter's 

chain), 
As  that  sound  which  seems  through  space 

to  ring 
The  first  low  Thunder  of  wakened  Spring. 

0  marvel  not  that  the  men  of  old 
Deemed    its    deep    music    by   gods    con- 
trolled. 
And,    by    the    power    that    within    them 

Called  it  the  wrath  of  the  mystic  Jove — 
For  we  are  stirred  with  an  awe  profound 
By  that  mysterious  and  sullen  sound— 
Nor  give  we  faith  to  the  birds  and  bloom 
'Till  we  hear  that  fiat  of  Winter's  doom. 

So  in  the  Spring  of  our  life's  career 
We  stand  and  gaze  on  the  opening  year, 
We  feel  the  sunshine,  we  drink  the  breeze, 
But    no    source  of    feeling    is    stirred  by 

these ; 
Not  till  the  voice  of  the  stormy  soul 
Swells    like    the  sound    of  the   thunder's 

roll- 
Not  till  the  floodgates  of  sorrow  break 
In    passionate    tears — doth    ( 


MRS.  LOIS  BRYAN   AD.\MS 
Was  for  only  three  years,  1849-52,   a   resident  of  Kentucky.     She  was  a 
native  of  Moscow,  N.  Y.,  born  Oct.  14,  1817;  removed  to  Michigan,  married 
an  editor,  and  thenceforth  was  a  ret;ular  contributor  to  the  newspaper  and 
periodical  literature  of  Michigan  and  New  York  city. 

While  dark  and  mellow  the  hard  earth  grew 
Beneath  his  strokes  so  strong  .and  true. 

And  steadily  still,  hill  after  hill. 
As  the  sun  went  up,  he  swung  the  hoe, 

Hoe,  hoe,  hoe — row  after  row. 
From  the    earliest    light  of    the    summer 


HOEING  CORN. 

BY  LOIS  BRYAN  ADAMS. 

Out  in  the  earliest  light  of  the  morn 
Ralph  was  hoeing  the  springing  corn  ; 
The  dew  fell  flashing  from  the  leaves 

green, 
Wherever  his  glancing  hoe  was  seen. 


Till  the  noonday  sound  of  the  dinner-horn. 


570 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


What  was  Ralph  thinkiDg  of  all  the  morn, 
Out  in  the  summer  heat  hoeing  corn, 
AVith  the  sweat  and  dust  on  his  hands  and 

face. 
And  toiling  along  at  that  steady  pace  ? 
A  clear  light  beamed  in  his  eye  the  while, 
And  round  his  lips  was  a  happy  smile, 

As  steadily  still,  hill  after  hill. 
While  the  sun  went  down,  he  swung  the 

hoe, 
Hoe,  hoe,  hoe — row  after  row, 
Faster  toward  nightfall  than  even  at  morn 
He  hastened  his  steps  through  the  spring- 


Across  the  road  from  this  field  of  corn, 
M'as    the  stately  home  where  Ralph  was 

born  ; 
Where  his  father  counted  his  stores  of  gold, 
And  his  lady-mother  so  proud  and  cold, 
Lived  but  for  the  satins  and  gauze   and 

lace 
That  shrouded  her  faded  form  and  face  ; 

While  steadily  still,  hill  after  hill, 
TJnthought  of  went  Ralph,  and  swung  his 

hoe, 
Hoe,  hoe,  hoe — row  after  row. 
Day  after  day  through  the  springing  corn, 
Toward  the  humble  home  of  Isabel  Lorn. 

This  he  was  thinking  of  all  the  morn. 
And  all  the  day  long  as  he  hoed  the  corn — 
"  How  sweet  it  will  be,  when  the  shadows 

fall 
Over  the  little  brown  cottage  wall, 
To  sit  by  the  door  'neath  the  clustering 


With  Isabel's  dear  little  hand  in  mine! 

So  cheerily  still,  hill  after  hill. 
From  morning  till  night  I'll  swingmy  hoe, 

Hoe,  hoe,  hoe— row  after  row. 
Knowing  each  step  that  I  take  through  the 

corn, 
Is  bringing  me  nearer  to  Isabel  Lorn  I  " 

0  glad  was  he  then  that  the  growing  corn 
Shielded  his  steps  from  his  mother's  scorn  : 
And  glad  that  his  father's  miser  hand 
Had  barred  all  help  from  his  fertile  land. 
So  safely  he  kept  his  forest-flower, 
And  dreamed  of  her  beauty  hour  by  hour. 

As  steadily  still,  hill  after  hill, 
Through  the  field  so  broad  he  swung  his 

Hoe,  hoe,  hoe— row  after  row. 
Knowing  each  step  through  the  growing 


ibrii 


ging  1 


■  to  Isabel  Lorn. 


But  months  passed  on,  and  the  ripened  corn 
Was  laid  on  the  ground  one  autumn  morn. 
While  under  the  sod  in  the  church-yard 

bless'd 
Are  two  low  graves  where  the  aged  rest. 
The  father  has  left  broad  lands  and  gold, 
And  the  mother  her  wealth  of  silks  untold, 

And  sweet  Isabel— why  need  I  tell 
What  she  said  to  Ralph,  when  without  his 

hoe 
He  sought  her  side  ?     It  was  not  "  Xo  !  " 
made  her  the  mistress,  one  summer 


Th; 

Of  the  stately  h 


by  the  field  of  corn. 


MRS.  SAEAH  J.  HOWE, 

Wife  of  irnmmond  Howe,  resided  in  Newport,  Ky.,  for  many  years;  between 
1839  and  1849,  contributed  numerous  poems  to  the  Ladies  [Repository/  and 
other  Cincinnati  magazines  and  newspapers;  in  1847,  published  in  pamphlet 
form  a  dramatic  poem  founded  on  incidents  in  the  history  of  Poland,  "  B 
las  II.,  or  the  Siege  of  Kiow.'  A  volume  of  her  poems  was  promised,  but 
never  issued. 


AFTER   A  TEMPEST. 


As  I' 


nder'd  abn 


th  the  bea 


iful 


BY  SARAH  J.   HOWK. 

The  stars  had  come  out  from  their  homes 

of  bright  blue — 
Eternity's    watchers — the    pure    and    the 

trnel 


That  lit  up  the  skies  of  our  radiant  Ju 
There  lay  the  proud  oak  that  had  shelter- 
ed the  vine 
Through  winter's  dark  tempests  and 
mer's  warm  shine. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRr  OF  KENTUCKY. 


It  lay  in  the  pomp  of  its  towering  pride, 

The  vine's  gentle  tendrils  all  crushed  to  its 
side, 

The  vine  flowers  scattered,  still  bright  in 
their  bloom, 

And  yielding  in  dying  their  richest  per- 
fume I 

As  I  gazed  on  the  ruin  the  tempest  had 

wrought— 
The  blossoms  of  spring  with  such  promises 

fraught, 


I  saw  by  my  side  in  the  cleft  of  the  rock, 
A   flower    unscathed    by  the    hurricane's 
shock, 

Still  blooming  so  sweetly,  its  delicate  form 
Defying  the  wrath  of  the  pitiless  storm  I 
I  looked  at  the  flower,  and  I  turned  to  the 

sky, 
And  thought  of  the  "  Rock  that  is  higher 


MRS.  SARAH  T.  BOLTON, 
JV(&  Barritt,  was  born  in  Newport,  Ky.,  in  1820,  but  removed  with  her  parents, 
before  she  was  four  years  old,  to  Indiana — her  home  henceforth  being  at 
Madison  and  afterwards  at  Indianapolis,  except  while  absent  in  Europe  with 
her  husband,  when  he  was  U.  S.  consul  to  Geneva,  Switzerland,  1855-58. 
Between  1845  and  1858,  Mrs.  Bolton  wrote  numerous  poems,  some  of  them 
"  amon:;  the  most  beautiful  of  the  day ;"  and  while  in  Switzerland  was  a 
correspondent  of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial. 


IF  I  WEKB  THE  LIGHT  OF  THE 
BRIGHTEST  STAR. 

BY  SARAH  T.   BOLTON. 

If  I  were  the  light  of  the  brightest  star, 

That  burns  in  the  zenith  now, 
I  would  tremble  down  from  my  home  afar, 

To  kiss  thy  radiant  brow. 
If  I  were  the  breath  of  a  fragrant  flower, 

With  a  viewless  wing  and  free, 
I  would  steal  away  from  the  fairest  bower. 

And  live,  love,  but  for  thee. 

If  I  were  the  soul  of  bewitching  song. 

With  a  moving,  melting  tone, 
I  would  float  from  the  gay  and  thoughtless 
throng. 

And  soothe  thy  soul  alone. 
If  I  were  a  charm,  by  fairy  wrought, 

I  would  bind  thee  with  a  sign  ; 
And  never  again  should  a  gloomy  thought 

O'ershadow  thy  spirit's  shrine. 

If  I  were  a  memory,  past  alloy, 

I  would  linger  where  thou  art ; 
If  I  were  a  thought  of  abiding  joy, 

I  would  nestle  in  thy  heart. 
If  I  were  a  hope,  with  the  magic  light 

That  makes  the  future  fair, 
I  would  make   thy  path  on  the  earth  as 
bright 

As  the  paths  of  angcU  are. 

I. ..37 


DIRGE  FOR  THE  OLD  YEAR. 


lighing 


BT  SARAH  T.  BOLTON. 

Toll,  toll,  toll, 
Where  the  winter  winds  are  s 

Toll,  toll,  toll, 
Where  the  somber  clouds  are  flying ; 

Toll,  toll,  toll, 
A  deeper,  sadder  knoll — 
Than  sounds  for  a  passing  soul — 
Should  tell  of  the  Old  Year,  dying. 
Spirits  of  beauty  and  light. 
Goblins  of  darkness  and  night,. 
From  your  sunny  paths,  in  the  azure  sky, 
From  the  Stygian  shores,  where  the  shad- 
ows lie. 
From  your  coral  homes,  in  the  ocean  caves, 
From  the  frigid  north,  where  the  tempest 
raves. 

Come  to  the  pale  one  dying. 
Hark  !  to  the  falling  of  phantom  feet, 

Beat,  heat,  beat,  beat. 
Like  the  solemn  sounds,  when  the  surges 

On  the  shores  of  a  mighty  river — 
They  are  folding  the  dead  in  his  winding 
sheet. 

To  bear  him  away  forever. 
A  rush  of  wings  on  the  midnight  wind — 

The  fall  of  a  shadowy  portal— 
And  the  good  Old  Year,  so  true  and  kind, 
Passed  to  his  rest,  but  left  behind 

The  record  of  deeds  immortal. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


EDMUND  FLAGG 


Was  a  native  of  Maine,  born  Nov.  24,  1815  ;  emigrated  to  Louisville  in  1835, 
and  was  a  citizen  of  Kentucky  for  several  years— part  of  the  time  associated 
with  George  D  Prentice  in  the  editorial  management  of  the  LouisvilU  News 
Letter,  to  Vfhich,  and  to  the  Louisville  Journal,  he  made  some  poetical  contri- 
butions.    He  became  somewhat  distinguished  as  a  prose  writer. 


THE  MAGNETIC  TELEGRAPH. 

BY  EDMUND  PLAGQ. 

Science, 
With  her  twin-sister,  Art,  hath  scaled  th' 

Empyrean  1 
Science,  like  the  dread  angel  of  th'  Apoc- 
alypse, 
Hath  destined  Space  and  Time  to  be  no 


the 


rtal 


ind  now  leaps  the 


the   lightning'i 


thought, 
And,   yet    unspoken, 

wing 
Girdleth  the  globe  I  Away,  away  flasheth 
The  magic  line  of  thought  and  feeling  I 
Over  land,  o'er  sea,  o'er  mountain,  stream, 

and  vale, 


Through  forest  dense,  and  darkest  wilder- 
ness. 

Mid  storm  and  tempest,  fleets  the  electric 
spell ; 

Then  to  its  home,  through  earth's  deep 
entrails,  speeds 

Backward  in  fiery  circuit  to  its  rest  ; 

While  earth's  green  bosom  doth  itself 
evolve 

Magnetic  flame  to  light  the  flashing  line  I 

No  more  the  viewless  couriers  of  the  winds 

Are  emblems  of  the  messengers  of  mind. 

The  speed  of  sound,  the  speed  of  light 
surpassed. 

The  speed  of   thought — mind's    magnet- 

And   th'    omnipotent   power    of    Fancy's 

flight, 
Alone  can  rival  the  electric  charm  I 


LEWIS   F.  THOMAS 

Was  a  native  of  Maryland,  born  about  1815  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Kentucky  for 
less  than  two  years,  in  1839-40  ;  was  editor  of  several  newspapers  ;  published 
a  volume  of  his  poems  in  1842,  and  another  in  1848  ;  in  1838,  wrote  a  suc- 
cessful drama,  "  Osceola,"  and  in  1859,  another,  "  Cortez,  the  Conqueror ;" 
settled  at  Washington  city  in  the  practice  of  law. 

The  sun  doth  dry  the  springs  of  earth 

With  rays  from  summer  skies, 
But    feeling's    fountain    knows    no 
dearth, 

Its  current  never  dries. 
The  rills  into  the  rivers  run, 

The  rivers  to  the  sea. 
Months  into  years  and  years  into 

Life's  ocean — Memory. 


BY  LEWIS  F.  THOMAS. 

A  HARP  whose  every  chord  's  unstrunf 

A  doubted  treason  proved  ; 
A  melody  that  once  was  sung. 

By  lips  that  once  we  loved ; 
A  bark  without  a  helm  or  sail, 

Lost  on  a  stormy  sea  ; 
A  dove  that  doth  its  mate  bewail — 

Like  these  is  Memory. 

And  oh,  it  is  the  spirit's  well. 

Its  only  fount  of  truth, 
Whose  every  drop  some  tale  can  tell 

Of  bright  and  buoyant  youth  ; 
And  as  we  traverse  weary  years, 

Of  sorrow  and  of  crime. 
We  feed  that  fount  with  bitter  tears. 

Wept  for  the  olden  time. 


At  noon  our  little  bark  sets  sailj 

Hope  proudly  mans  its  deck. 
At  eve  it  drives  before  the  gale 

A  wreck — a  very  wreck — 
Our  early  youth's  untainted  sou 

Our  first  love's  first  regret; 
These  storm-like  over  Memory 

Oh,  who  would  not  forget  1 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY.  579 

WILLIAM  ROSS  WALLACE, 

Son  of  Rev.  Matthew  G.  Wallace,  a  Presbyterian  preacher,  was  a  native  of 
Kentucky,  born  at  Lexington  in  1 819 ;  well  educated ;  read  law,  and  began 
its  practice  with  good  prospects;  but  was  persuaded,  by  literary  friends,  to 
abandon  it,  and  settle  in  New  York  city,  in  the  profession  of  authorship. 
He  published  three  volumes  of  poems  in  1848, 1851,  1856,  and  was  preparing 
a  fourth  in  1860.  Wm.  Cullen  Bryant,  the  poet-editor,  awarded  him  high 
praise  when  he  said  "  his  poems  are  marked  by  a  splendor  of  imagination 
and  an  affluence  of  poetic  diction  which  show  him  the  born  poet."  Mr. 
Wallace  has  been  a  regular  contributor  to  some  of  the  leading  New  York 
magazines  and  literary  newspapers. 


DANIEL  BOONE. 

BY  WILLIAM  ROSS  WALLACE. 

Ha  I  how  the  woods  give  way  before  th 

step 
Of  these  new-comers  !     What  a  sickening 

smell 
Clings  round   my  cabin  wafted  from  their 

town 
Ten  miles  away  I     But  yesterday  I  heard 
A  stranger's  gun  sound  in  the  loneliest  glen 
That    yet    remains    to    me;    and  when    I 

climbed 
The   mountain    there,   and    stood    alone. 

Upon  its  top  amid  the  sounding  clouds, 
And  proudly  thought  that  I  was  first  to 


That  mighty  mountain  with  a  human  soul, 
Another's  foot-print  in  the  airy  sand 
Smote  my  unwilling  eyes,  and  I  at  once 
Was  scepterless,  unthroned,  there  beaten 

back 
To  restless  thought  again.     This  can  not 

last! 
For  I  am  of  the    mould    that  loathes  to 

breathe 
The  air  of  multitudes.     I  must  respire 
The  universe  alone,  and  hear,  alone, 
Its  Lord  walking  the  ancient  wilderness  ; 
And  this,  because    He    made    me  so — no 


I  must  away  :  for  action  is  my  life  ; 
And  it  is  base  to  triumph  in  a  Past, 
However  big  with  mighty  circumstance, 
Danger  full-faced  and  large  heroic  deed, 
If  yet  a  Future  calls.     It  calls  to  me. 
What  if  some  seventy  years  have  thinned 


this 
And   dii 


ed   this   sighl 


aade    the 


Less  riotous  between  the  banks  of  life? 
This  heart  hath  vigor  yet,  and  still  the 


Have  voices    for  my  ear ;    and    still    the 

Makes  music  in  my  thought ;  and  every 

hour 
Can  show  some  awful  miracle  performed 
Within  the  wilderness  ;  and  Danger  still 
Leans  proudly  o'er  the  mountain's  dizzy 


Bathing  his  forehead  in  the  pas 
And  calls  to  me  with  a  most  tau 
To  join  him  there.     He  shall 


iting  voice 


Yes  I     Surely  I  must  go,  and  drink  anew 
The  splendor  that  is  in  the  pathless  woods, 
And  wear  the  blue  sky  as  a  coronal, 
And  bid  the   torrent  sound  my  conquering 

And  ponder  far  away  from  all  that  mars 
The  everlasting  wonder  of  the  world, 
And  with  each  dewy  morning  wake  and 

feel 
As  though  that  world,  so  fresh,  so  beautiful 
With  sunrise  and  the  mist,  had  just  been 

made. 


Farewell,  0   dweller  of  the  towns  I     One 

State 
Have  I  made  eminent  within  the  wild, 
And  men  from  me  have  that  which  they 

call  "  Peace  I  " 
Still  do  the  generations  press  for  room. 
And  surely  they  shall  have  it.     Tell  them 

this: 
Say  "  Boone,  the  old  State-Builder,  hath 

gone  forth 
Again,  close  on  the  sunset;  and  that  there 
He  gives  due  challenge  to  that  Indian  race 
Whose  lease  to  this  majestic  land,  misused. 
It  hath  pleased  God  to  cancel.      There  he 

works — 
Away  from  all  his  kind,  but  for  his  kind- 
Unseen,  as  Ocean's  current  works  unseen. 
Piling  huge  deltas  up,  where  men  may  rear 
Their  cities  pillared  fair,  with  many  a  mart 


580 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRT  OF  KENTUCKY. 

Freedom,    at    midnight 


And  stately  dome  o'ershadowing  " — should 

they  ask 
"What  guerdon  Boone  would   have?" — 

then  answer  thus  : 
"A  little  wilderness  left  sacred  there 
For  him  to  die  in  ;  else  the  poor  old  man 
Must  seek   that  lonely  ^ca  whose  billows 

turn 
To  mournful  music  on  the  .Oregon, 
And  in  its  desolate  waters  find  a  grave." 
So — but  I  was  not  made  for  talk — Fare- 


THE  GRANDEUR  OF  REPOSE. 

BY  WILLIAM  ROSS  WALLACE. 

So  rest  1  and  Rest  shall  slay  your  many 

Motion  is  god-like — god-like  is  repose, 
A  mountain-stillness  of  majestic  might, 
Whose  peaks  are  glorious  with  the  quiet 

light 
Of  suns  when  Day  is  at  his  solemn  close. 
Nor  deem  that  slumber  must  ignoble  be. 
Jove  labored  lustily  once  in  airy  fields  ; 
And  over  the  cloudy  lea 
He  planted  many  a  budding  shoot 
Whose  liberal  natur.e  daily,  nightly  yields 
A  store  of  starry  fruit; 
His  labor  done,  the  weary  god  went  back 
Up  the  long  mountain-track 
To  his  great  house ;    there  he  did  while 

away 
With  lightest  thought  a  well-won  holiday; 
For  all  the  Powers  crooned  softly  an  old 

Wishing  their  Sire  might  sleep 
Through  all  the  sultry  noon 
And  cold  blue  night ;  and  very  soon 
They  he.ird  the  awful  Thunderer  breathing 

low  and  deep: 
And  in  the  hush  that  dropped  adown  the 

spheres, 
And  in  the  quiet  of  the  awe-struck  space, 
The  worlds  learned  worship  at  the  birth 

of  years  : 
They   looked   upon    their    Lord's    calm, 

kingly  face. 
And  bade   Religion  come  and  kiss   each 

starry  place. 

THE  LIBERTY  BELL.* 

BY    WILLIAM    ROSS    WALLACE. 

A  SOUND  like  a  sound  of  thunder  rolled, 
And  the  heart  of  a  nation  stirred— 


For   the   bell 
tolled, 
Through  a  mighty  land  was  heard. 
And  the  chime  still  rung 
From  its  iron  tongue 
Steadily  swaying  to  and  fro; 

Like  a  breath  of  flame — 
And  to  some  a  sound  of  wo. 


Above  the  dark  ; 


™,  above  the 


It  was  heard  by  the  fettered,  and  heard  by 

the  brave- 
It  was  heard  in  the  cottage,  and  heard  in 


And  its  chii 
all— 


The 


1  gave  a  glorious  summons  to 
J  sharpened — the  time-rusted 


blade 


Of  the  Bond  started  out  in  the  pioneer's 

glade 
Like  a  herald  of  wrath  :  And  the  host  was 

arrayed  I 
Along  the  dark  mountain,  along  the  blue 

wave 
Swept  the  ranks  of  the  Bond— swept  the 

ranks  of  the  Brave  ; 
And  a  shout  as  of  waters  went  up  to  the 

dome, 
When  a  star-blazing  banner  unfurled. 
Like  the  wing  of  some  Seraph  flashed  out 

from  his  home, 
Uttered  freedom  and  hope  to  the  world. 

O'er  the  hill-top  and  tide  its  magnificent 

fold, 
With  a  terrible  glitter  of  azure  and  gold. 
In  the  storm,  in  the  sunshine,  and  darkness 

unrolled. 
It  blazed  in  the  valley — it  blazed  on  the 

It  leaped  with    its   Eagle  abroad   on  the 

blast ; 
And  the  eyes  of  whole  nations  were  turned 

to  its  light; 
And  the  heart  of  the  multitude  soon 
Was  swayed  by  its   stars,  as  they  shone 

through  the  night 
Like  an  ocean  when  swayed  by  the  moon. 
Again  through    the    midnight    that    Bell 

thunders  out. 
And    banners    and    torches    are    hurried 

A  shout  as  of  waters  I  a  long-uttered  cryl 
How  it  leaps,  how  i*  leaps  from  the  earth 
to  the  sky  I 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY.         581 

th 


Prom  the  sky  to  the  earth,  from  thi 

to  the  sea, 
Hear  a  chorus  re-echoed,  "The  People  are 

Free  1" 
That  old  Bell  is  still  seen  hy  the  Patriot's 

eye, 
And  he  blesses  it  ever,  when  journeying 

by; 
Long  years  have  passed  o'er  it,  and  yet 

every  soul 
Will  thrill  in  the  night  to  its  wonderful 

roll; 
For  it  speaks  in  its  belfry,  when  kissed  by 

the  blast, 


Liko    a    glory-breathed    tone    from    the 

mystical  Past. 
Long  years  shall  roll  o'er  it,  and  yet  every 

chime 
Shall  unceasingly  tell  of  an  era  sublime 
More  splendid,  more  dear  than  the  rest  of 

all  time. 
0  yes  I  if  the  flame  on  our  altars  should 

pale. 
Let  its  voice  but  be  heard,  and  the  Free- 
man shall  start 
To  rekindle  the  fire,  while  he  sees  on  the 

gale. 
All  the  stars  and  the  stripes  of  the  Flag 

of  his  heart  1 


REV.  SIDNEY  DYER 

Began  his  career  as  a  Baptist  preacher  in  Kentucky,  in  1845.  In  1849,  he 
published  at  Louisville  a  volume  of  poems,  entitled  "  Voices  of  Nature,  and 
Thoughts  in  Rhyme."  "  He  has  written  a  large  number  of  very  popular 
songs." 


MY  MOTHER'S  EASY  CHAIR. 

BY  SIDNEY  DYER. 

The  days  of  my  youth  have  all  silently 
sped. 
And  my  locks  are  now  grown  thin  and 
gray  ; 
My  hopes,  like  a  dream  in  the  morning, 
have  fled. 
And  nothing  remains  but  decay  ; 
Tet,  I  seem  but  a  child,  as    I  was  long 

When  I  stood  by  the  form  of  my  sire, 
And  my  dear  mother  sung,  as  she  rocked 
to  and  fro 
In  the  old  easy  chair  by  the  fire. 

Oh,  she  was  my  guardian  and  guide  all  the 

And  the  angel  who  watched  round  my 


Her 


urmur   of  prayer    died 


For  blessings  to  rest  on  my  head. 
Then  I  thought  ne'er  an  angel  that  heaven 
could  know, 
Though  trained  in  its  own  peerless  choir, 
Could  sing  like  my  mother,  who  rocked  to 
and  fro 
In  the  old  easy  chair  by  the  fire. 


How  holy   the  place  as    wo    gathered    at 
night 

Round  the  altar  where  peace  ever  dwelt. 
To  join  in  an  anthem  of  praise,  and  unite 

In  thanks  which  our  heart  truly  felt. 
In  his  sacred  old  seat,  with  his  locks  white 

Sat  the  venerable  form  of  my  sire. 
While  my  dear  mother  sung,  as  she  rocked 

In  the  old  easy  chair  by  the  fire. 


The    cottage    is    gone  which  my  infancy 
knew. 
And  the  place  is  despoiled  of  its  charms, 
My  friends  are  all  gathered  beneath  the 
old  yew, 
And  slumber  in  death's  folded  arms  ; 
But  often  with    rapture    my    bosom  doth 
glow. 
As  I  think  of  my  home  and  my  sire, 
And  the  dearest  of  mothers  who  sung  long 
ago, 
In  the  old  easy  chair  by  the  fire  ! 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


AUSTIN  T.  EARLE 
Was  for  several  years,  about  1857  to  1860,  a  resident  of  Newport,  Ky.  ;  a 
native  of  Nashville,  'I'enn.,  born  June  15,  1821  ;  his  father  dying  while  he 
was  young,  he  was  chiefly  raised  and  educated  >n  Ohio,  and  when  not  engaged 
in  steamboating  upon  the  Ohio  river,  generally  resided  in  Ohio  ;  was  a  soldier 
in  the  Mexican  war  ;  and  a  contributor  of  prose  and  poetical  articles  to  several 
Cincinnati  newspapers. 

THIS  WINTER    NIGUT,  'TIS 
DREARY. 

BY    AUSTIN  T.    EARLE. 

A  TIME  I  do  remember  well, 

AYhen  all  the  earth  was  covered  o'er 
"With  snow  that  fast  and  thickly  fell; 

And  moaning  winds  were  at  the  door. 
My  father  to  the  mill  had  gone, 

My  mother  with  her  toil  was  weary, 
Whilst  sister  Sue  did  nothing  do, 
But  look  and  listen,  sigh  and  yawn, 

"  This  winter  night,  ah  me  I  'tis  dreary." 


The  hickory  logs  were  all  ablaze. 

That  lay  within  the  chimney  jams. 
And  threw  aloft  the  ruddy  rays, 

Where  to  the  rafters  hung  the  hams 
And  on  the  polished  puncheon  floor, 

A  warmth  and  light  we  christen  cheery, 
Yet  sister  Sue  did  nothing  do, 
But  sigh  and  yawn,  as  oft  before, 

"  This  winter  night,  ah  me  1  'tis  dreary." 


The  youngsters  all  had  gone  to  bed, 

And  I  sat  gazing  in  the  fire, 
Imagining  in  the  embers  red, 

A  village  with  its  church  and  spire. 
Old  Lion  to  the  hearth  had  drawn. 

His  limbs,  so  feeble,  worn  and  weary, 
Yet  sister  Sue  did  nothing  do. 
But  look  and  listen,  sigh  and  yawn, 

"  This  winter  night,  ah  me  1  'tis  dreary." 


Young  Watch  who  in  his  kennel  kept. 

Commenced  with  all  his  might  to  bark- 
Then  on  the  porch  we  heard  a  step — 

Then  sister  to  me  whispered — "Hark  " — 
Then  heard  a  knocking  at  the  door — 

Then   bade  come  in — and  came  young 
Leary, 
And  sister  Sue  had  much  to  do, 
And  never  thought,  I  ween,  once  more, 

"  This  winter  night,  ah  me  1  'tis  dreary." 


WILLIAM  WHITEMAN  FOSDICK 
Was  a  native  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  born  Jan.  28,  1825 — his  father,  Thos.  K. 
Fosdick,  a  merchant  and  banker,  and  his  mother,  Julia  Drake,  a  talented 
actress ;  graduated  at  Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Ky. ;  studied  law 
at  Louisville  with  Hon.  Garnett  Duncan,  and  afterwards  at  Carrollton,  Ky., 
with  Judge  James  Pry  or;  practiced  law  at  Covington,  Ky.,  then  at  Cincin- 
nati, then  in  New  York  city  for  seven  years,  1851-58;  traveled  in  Mexico, 
1847-49  ;  gained  his  first  distinction  as  a  poet  by  a  dramatic  effort,  "  Tecum- 
seh ;"  in  1855,  published  a  collection  of  poems,  "Ariel,  and  other  Poems;" 
resided  in  Cincinnati,  generally,  after  1857. 


LIGI 


AND    NIGHT. 

BY  WM.  W.  FOSDICK. 

Out  through  the  loom  of  light, 
AVhen  comes  the  morning  white 
Beams,  like  the  shuttle's  flight. 

Other  beams  follow. 
Up  the  dawn's  rays  so  slant, 
Forth  from  his  roof  and  haunt. 

Darts  the  swart  swallow. 

Back,  like  the  shuttle's  flight. 

Sink  the  gold  beams  at  night ; 

Threads  in  the  loom  of  light 

Grow  dark  in  the  woof: 


All  the  bright  beams  that  burn 
Sink  into  sunset's  urn  ; 
Swallows  at  night  return 
Home  to  their  roof. 


Thus  we  but  tarry  here 
A  moment,  a  day,  a  year — 
Appearing,  to  disappear — 
Grosser  things  spurning. 
Departing  to  whence  we  cai 
Le; 


behind  no 
vild  meteor 
Never  returning. 


Like 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Back  to  the  home  of  God 
Soul  after  soul  departs, 
And  the  enfranchised  hearts 
Burst  through  the  sod  ; 
Death  does  but  loose  the  girth 
Buckling  them  on  to  earth, 

Promethean  rack  I 
Then  from  the  heavy  sod, 


Swift  to  I 
Soul,  lik 


home  of  Got 
the  Shuttle  i 


flies  back. 

The  Sw.allow,  Shuttle,  Soul,  and  Light, 
All  things  that  move  or  have  a  breath, 

Return  again  to  thee  at  night — 
To  thy  dark  roof,  0  ancient  Death  I 


MRS.  MARY  EULALIE  FEE  SHANNON 
Was  a  native  of  Flemingsburg,  Ky.,  born  Feb.  9,  1824;  left  an  orphan  at  11 ; 
educated  at  Cincinnati;  married   in   1854  to  an  editor  from  California;  and 
died  in  that  State,  Dec.  26,  1855,  aged  31.     In  Aug.,  1854,  her  poems  were 
published  at  Cincinnati,  "  Buds,  Blossoms,  and  Leaves,"  12mo.,  194  pages. 

Afar  on  Fancy's  iris  wing, 
To  a  world  of  our  imagining. 

All  pure,  and  bright  with  love. 

I'd  be  a  poet — ah,  and  yet 
One  other  boon  I  crave — 
A  priceless  gem,  that  is  not  bought 
With  yellow  gold,  nor  is  it  brought 
From  'neath  the  crystal  wave  : 

It  is  a  gentle  heart,  to  thrill 
In  concord  with  mine  own, 
To  hold  for  me  affection  pure — 
Abiding  love,  which  shall  endure 

When    change-fraught    years   have 


A  WISH. 

BY  MART  E.  FEE  SHANNON. 

0  I  WOCLD  I  were  a  poet ! 

I'd  teach  my  harp  to  breathe 
Like  a  bright,  enchanted  thing, 
And  from  its  chords  and  bosom  fling 

The  sunny  lays  I'd  weave. 

0  !  would  I  were  a  poet — 
Not  for  the  wreaih  of  Fame 
That  twines  around  a  poet's  brow. 
Nor  the  homage  of  the  souls  that  bow 
Unto  a  deathless  name  ; 

But,  oh  1  in  sorrow's  trying  hour, 
'Tis  surely  sweet,  to  rove 


MRS.  MARY  ELIZ.^BETH  NEALY, 
Nie  Hare,  was  born  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  Dec.  12,  1823,  the  daughter  of  a 
mechanic;  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city;  was  married  at  17, 
and  became  a  citizen  of  Indiana.  She  was  a  poetical  contributor  to  the 
Louisville  Journal  and  several  of  the  leading  monthly  periodicals  of  the 
country,  from  1846  to  1860.  Some  of  her  pieces  were  full  of  thoughts  deeper 
and  more  profound,  but  few  of  them  sweeter  and  simpler  than  the  following  ; 
it  found  its  way  across  the  ocean,  into  the  British  newspapers. 


THE  LITTLE  SHOE. 

BY  MARY  E.   KEALT. 

I  POUND  it  here — a  worn-out  shoe, 
All  mildew'd  with  time  and  wet  with  dew; 
'Tis  a  little  thing — ye  who  pass  it  by. 
With  never  a  thought,  or  word,  or  sigh  ; 
Yet  it  stirs  in  my  spirit  a  hidden  well. 
And  in  eloc(uent  tones  of  the  past  doth  tell. 

It  tells  of  a  little  fairy  form 

That  bound  my  heart  with  a  magic  charm, 


Of  bright  blue  eyes  a 
That  ever  shed  joy  a 
Of  a  prattling  voice  ! 
And  tiny  feet  that  w 


id  golden  hair, 
d  sunlight  there— 
)  sweet  and  clear. 


It  tells  of  nopes  that  with  her  had  birth, 

Deep  buried  now  in  the  silent  earth  ; 

Of  a  heart  that  had  met  an  answering  ton 

Which  again  is  left  alone— alone  ! 

Of  days  of  watching  and  anxious  prayer- 

Of  a  night  of  sorrow  and  dark  despair. 


584 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


It  tells  of  a  form  that  is  cold  and  still— 
Of  a  little  mound  upon  yonder  hill. 
That  is  dearer  far,  to  a  mother's  heart, 
Than  the  classic  statues  of  Grecian  art. 
Ah  I  strangers  may  pass  with  a  careless  air. 
Nor  dream  of  the  hopes  that  are  buried 
there. 

Oh    ye,  who    have  never  o'er  loved  ones 

Whose    brightest    hopes    have  ne'er  been 

swept 
Like  the  pure  white  cloud  from  the  morn- 
ing sky- 
Like  the  wreath  of  mist  from  the  mountain 

high- 
Like  the  rainbow,  beaming  a  moiuent  here, 
Then  melting  away  to  its  native  sphere  ; 


Like  rose  leaves,  loosed  by  the  zephyr's 

Like  that  zephyr  wafting  its  perfume  by — 
Like  the  wave  that  kisses  some  grateful 

spot, 
Then  passes  away — yet  is  ne'er  forgot  ; 
If  your  life  hopes  like  these  have  never 


fled, 


Then  ye 


not  know  of  the  tears  I  shed. 


Ye  can  not  know  what  a  little  thing 
From  memory's  silent  fount  can  bring 
The  voice  and  form  that  were  once  so  dear. 
Yet  there  are  hearts,  were  they  only  here. 
That  could  feel  with  me  when,  all  wet  with 

dew, 
I  found  it  this  morning— this  little  shoe. 


MRS.  MARY  E.  WILSON   BETTS, 

iV^ee  Wilsot!,  was  born  in  or  near  Maysville,  Ky.,  in  1823;  was  married  in 
the  summer  of  1854  to  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Detroit  Thnes  ;  and  died  at 
Maysville,  of  congestion  of  the  brain,  Sept.  16,  1854,  aged  31 ;  her  death  was 
believed  to  be  one  of  the  results  of  the  great  gunpowder  explosion,  on  Aug. 
13,  1854,  at  Maysville,  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  where  she  was  lying 
sick  at  the  time  (see  page  72,  ante);  her  husband  died  in  the  month  of  Oct. 
following.  During  ten  years  before  her  marriage,  Mrs.  B.  published  many 
short  poems,  some  of  them  of  considerable  merit.  The  following,  by  no  means 
her  best,  is  the  only  one  immediately  accessible  : 


Then  do  you  think  that  I  will  kneel 
Where  such  as  ye  have  trod  ? 

Nay  I    point  your  cold  and  threat'ning 
steel, 
I'll  kneel  to  none  but  God. 


A  KENTIICKIAN  KNEELS  TO  NONE 
BUT  GOD.» 

BT  MART  E.  WILSON. 

Ah  I  tyrant  forge  thy  chains  at  will — 

Nay  !  gall  this  flesh  of  mine  ; 
Yet,  thought  is  free,  unfetter'd  still. 

And  will  not  yield  to  thine. 
Take,  take  the  life  that  heaven  gave, 

And  let  my  heart's  blood  stain  thy  sod; 
But  know  ye  not  Kentucky's  brave 

Will  kneel  to  none  but  God  ? 


You've  qu 

enched  fai 

r  Freedom's  sunny 

light. 

Her  mus 

ic  tones  h 

ve  stilled  ; 

And  with 

a  deep  and  darken'd  blight. 

The  tru 

ting  heart 

have  fiU'd  1 

*  W.  I.  Crittendeu.  neph 

wofJohnJ.Critten- 

den.  United  St 

itc6  Senate 

for  Kentuckv.  com- 

mauded  the  til 

ibuster  forces  taken  Dris6nera  at 

sea  near  Hava 

la,  AuBUSt 

15th,  1851.     Doomed 

to  death  b.v  th 

Cuban  authorities,  and  ordered 

le  16th.  thev  were  all  commanded 

to  kueel"     ('■olonel  Ciitteo 

den  spurned  the  com- 

niand  with  these  words: 

tononebulGod 

As  summer  breezes  lightly  rest 

Upon  a  quiet  river, 
And  gently  on  its  sleeping  breast 

The  moonbeams  softly  quiver- 
Sweet  thoughts  of  home  lit  up  my  brow 

When  goaded  with  the  rod  ; 
Y'et,  these  can  not  unman  me  now — 

I'll  kneel  to  none  but  God. 


And  though  a  sad  and  mournful  tone 

Is  coldly  sweeping  by  ; 
And  dreams  of  bliss  forever  flown 

Have  dimm'd  with  tears  mine  eye- 
Yet,  mine's  a  heart  unyielding  still — 

Heap  on  my  breast  the  clod  ; 
My  soaring  spirit  scorns  thy  will — 

I'll  kneel  to  none  but  God. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


MRS.  HELEN  TRUESDELL 

Was  a  resident  of  Newport,  Ky.,  when,  in  1856,  the  5th  edition  of  a  12rao. 
volume,  212  pages,  of  "  Poems  by  Helen  Truesdell  "  was  published.  She  had 
been  a  contributor  to  the  Parlor  Magazine,  the  Ladies  Iteposilori/ ,  and  other 
periodicals.  The  daily  newspapers  praised  the  volume  as  "  possessing  high 
poetic  merit." 

Or  e'er  to  the  home  of  my  childhood, 
The  beautiful  cot  far  away, 

Where  the  birds  sang  so  sweet,  in  their 
gladness, 
And  I  was  as  happy  as  they  ? 


THK  YOUNG  WIFE'S  SONG. 

BY  HELEN  TEUESDELL. 

I  LIST  for  thy  footsteps,  my  darling  1 
I've  waited  and  watched  for  thee  long: 

The  dim  woods  have  heard  my  complain- 
ings. 
And  sorrow  has  saddened  my  sotig. 

The  last  rays  of  sunset  are  gilding 
The  hill-tops  with  purple  and  gold  ; 

And,  lo  !  in  yon  azure  dominion, 
Does  a  beautiful  rainbow  unfold. 

Like  the  hues  of  that  rainbow,  my  spirit 
All  fondly  is  blended  with  thine; 

Then  how  canst  thou  linger  away,  love, 
When  thou  know'st  this  fond  spirit  will 


'he  game  and  the  chase  are  alluring, 
I  know,  my  bold  hunter,  for  thee; 

!ut  when  borne  on  thy  swifl  Arab  courser. 
Do  thy  thoughts  ever  wander  to  me? 


The  lone  willow  droops  in  its  sadness  ; 

The  stern  oak  stands  sturdy  and  still; 
But  a  loved  form  is  seen  in  the  distance, 

And  footsteps  are  heard  on  the  hill. 

"  'Tis  he  I  'tis  my  Ulric  !  I  hear  him, 
I  see  him  ;  0  1  joy,  he  is  here  I" 

She  threw  back  her  curls  in  her  gladness, 
And  silently  brushed  off  a  tear. 

There  were  low-murmured  words  of  for- 
giveness ; 
Fond  clasping  of  hands,  and  a  kiss. 
The  past !  ah  1  the  past  is  forgotten— 
What   could    mar   such 
thisl 


oment    as 


MRS.  MARY  ROOTES  THORNTON  McABOY 
Is  a  nalK-e  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  born  Feb.  9,  1815,  two  miles  from  Paris — 
the  daughter  of  Walker  Thornton,  the  brave  boy  cornet  in  O-apt.  Win.  Gar- 
rard's cavalry  troop  in  the  war  of  1812,  afterwards  a  merchant  in  Paris  until 
his  early  death,  Feb.  9,' 1819;  she  was  raised  and  educated  by  her  uncle, 
Hon.  John  Kootes  Thornton  (who  died  in  Dec,  1873,  aged  83);  was  married, 
April  24,  1839,  to  Rev.  Paradise  Lynn  McAboy,  of  Washington,  Mason  co., 
Ky.,  a  young  Presbyterian  minister  of  lovely  character  and  rather  brilliant 
talents,  who  was  killed  by  the  falling  of  a  large  flouring  mill  at  Murphysville, 
in  the  same  county,  Aug.  29,  1839.  Mrs.  McAboy's  modest  signature,  "  M. 
K.  M.,  Ruseheath,  Ky.,"  lias  been  well  known  at  intervals  for  thirty  years  to 
readers  of  the  Louisville  Journal,  Paris  Citizen,  Paris  True  Kentuckian,  Mem- 
phis Enquirer,  Presbi/lerian  Herald  of  Cincinnati,  and  other  newspapers  and 
monthlies.  A  friend,  in  writing  of  her  poetry,  says,  "her  songs  have  been 
sung,  as  soldiers  sing  songs  by  camp-fires  at  the  dead  of  night,  to  comfort  her 
heart  when  she  was  laint.  Hhe  claims  for  them  no  literary  merit — not  any 
more  than  wild-blossoms  on  the  hills  claim  the  brilliancy  of  cultured  garden 
flowei's  !"  And  yet  wild  blossoms  are  beautiful  and  attractive ;  and  so  has 
been  much  of  Mrs.  M's.  poetry.  The  following  are  probably  the  best  poems 
at  hand,  but  not  ej[ual  to  some  she  has  written : 

The    way-side    nursling    of    the    summer 


SONNET. 

BT  MART    E.  M'ABOT. 

The  thistle-down  soared  up  to  meet  the 
sun — 


purple 
iched  to 


ily  dower, 
i  ere  the  d.ay 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Though    carelessly  her  web  the   spider 

To   hide    the   splendor   of   the    day-god's 

power; 
Yet,  vainly  still,  the  veiled  and  fettered 

flower— 
The  thistle-down — soared  up  to  meet  the 

The  wind's  wild   play-mate  through  the 
summer  day 
Soared   to  the  sun  it  worshipped  from 

The  whiteness  caught  the  glint  of  golden 


rays 


In 


passed   beyond  a  rainbow 
■  world  looked  on  with  words 


of  praise, 
And  lips    inspired  named  the  flo 
STAR. 


MADELEINE. 

BY  MARV  R.  m'aBOY. 

The  moon  is  up— the  night  is  waning  fast, 
My  boat  is  anchored  by  the  pebbled  shore, 
And  I  have  lingered  here  to  look  ray  last, 
Upon  the  home  that  may  be  ours  no  more; 
To  keep  again  an  old  familiar  tryste, 
To  clasp  thy  gentle    hand    once  more  in 

mine, 
And  braid  thy  hair  with  flowers  by  night- 
dews  kiss'd, 
While  o'er  thy  upturned  brow  the  young 
stars  shine, 

Madeleine. 

Dost    thou  recall  to-night  the  beauteous 

When  in  these  fragrant  woods  I  met  thee 

first: 
While  faintly  fell  the  vesper's  holy  chime, 
Thy  maiden  charms  upon  my  vision  burst. 
The  sun  was  setting  in  a  golden  glow, 
His    parting    glance    beamed    bright   on 

flower  and  tree  ; 
A  roseate    hue  had  tinged  the  mountain 

But  these  were  naught,  for  thou  wert  all 
to  me, 

Madeleine. 

How  oft  to  me,  upon  the  battle's  eve. 
That  picture  of  the  past  comes  floating  by. 
And  then  my  inmost  spirit  doth  receive 
The  tender  glances  of  thy  soul-lit  eye. 


Beneath  the  arch  where  myrtle  branches 

And  softly  fans  thy  ringlet's  wavy  gold, 
That  almost  ripple  to  thy  tiny  feet, 
Madeleine. 

And  then  I  hear  the  full,  majestic  swell, 
Of  the  deep  organ  in  the  old  church  aisle, 
And  thy  dear  voice  that  softly  rose  and 

fell. 
More  sweet  to  me  than  seraph's  tone  the 

while; 
I    start   to   hear   the    cannon's    booming 

sound, 
The  clash   of   steel    upon    the    deep   mid 

sea. 
The  conflict's  roar  the  anthem  notes  have 

drowned. 
The  war-cloud  dimmed  that  vision  bless'd 

of  thee, 

Madeleine. 


Yet  pledge 

we  part, 
While  o'er  thy  upturned 


more,  dear  love,  before 
the  young 


In  fearless  faith,  to  me,  thy  guileless  heart, 
Ere    sails   our   ship   across   the    foaming 

brine. 
The  moon  is  up,  the  night  is  waning  fast, 
My  boat  is  anchored  by  the  pebl^ed  shore, 
And  I  have  lingered  here  to  look  my  last. 


IT  IS  THE  WINTER  OF  THE  YEAR. 

BY   MARY  R.  m'aBOY. 

It  is  the  winter  of  the  year, 

On  buried  flowers  the  snow-drifts  lie,      ' 
And  clouds  have  veiled  with  ashen  gray, 

The  blucness  of  the  summer  sky. 
No  brooks  in  babbling  ripples  run- 
No  birds  are  singing  in  the  hedge- 
No  violets  nodding  in  the  sun. 

Beside  the  lakelet's  frozen  edge  ; 

Y'et  unto  bruzed  and  broken  boughs. 

Freshly  the  greenest  mosses  cling, 

And  near  the  winter's  stormy  verge, 

Floatheth  the  fragrant  bloom  of  Spring. 

It  is  the  winter  of  my  life, 

On  buried  flowers  the  snow-drifts  lie, 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


587 


And  clouds  have  veiled  with  ashen 
The  blueness  of  my  summer  sky. 

No  light  steps  cross  my  threshold  st 
No  voice  of  love  my  ear  doth  greei 

No  gentle  hands  enclasp  mine  own, 


With  cordial  welcome  fond  and  sweet; 
Yet  unto  bruised  and  broken  hearts, 

The  words  of  tenderest  promise  cling. 
And  floateth  near  Time's  stormy  verge 

The  bloom  of  everlasting  Spring. 


JOEL  T.  HART, 
The  "  Poet  Sculptor,"  while  certainly  one  of  the  greatest  of  living  sculptors, 
has  taken  great  pleasure  occasionally  in  writing  poetry.  (See  sketch  of  him 
in  this  volume,  among  the  Artists  of  Kentucky.)  His  original  poem,  at  the 
banquet-reception  at  Florence  to  the  great  American  editor-poet,  Wm.  Cullen 
Bryant,  was  reckoned  a  remarkable  effort.  The  following— the  only  one  of 
his  pieces  at  hand — was  written  at  Rome,  Italy,  in  January,  1850  : 

INVOCATION  TO  THE   COLISEUM 
AT  ROME. 

BY  JOEL  T.  HART, 

A  thousand  years  ago,  and  thou 

Wert  then  a  thousand  old  ; 
The  mightiest  wreck  of  splendor  now 

Time  lingers  to  behold. 
And,  like  thy  victims,  torn  and  pale. 
And  falling,  thou  wouldst  tell  thy  tale. 


Thy  subject  realms  from  zone  to  zone, 
Their  trophies  sent  each  sea 

The  suppliantfrom  the  shrine,  the  throne 
Their  tributes  borne  to  thee. 

While  Parian  throngs  in  forms  divine, 

And  gods  were  ministers  of  thine. 


The 


nd  glow, 


The  hu 


The  roar  of  savage  beasts  below, 

The  stalwart  man  unbound. 
Alone,  and  stern,  and  pale — aside 
His  gives,  and  weeping  babes  and  bride; 
The  startling  jar,  th'  unbolting  cage, 

The  hosts'  suspended  breath, 
The  Nubian  monarch  starved  to  rage. 

The  bugle's  note  of  death, 
The  murdered  victim,  now  again 
Another — yet  another  slain  1 
The  bound,  the  shriek,  the  shout,  tue 

The  bloody  blade,  and  bare. 
The  gored  and  mangled  wretches  strewn 

That  stenched  the  troubled  air. 
To  glut  the  eye  and  nostrils  wide 
With  cry^  "  Let  every  lance  be  dyed  I" 


A  hundred  bondmen,  by  decree 

To  basely  fight  or  fall. 
Strode  unto  death  to  make  the  "f 

A  Roman  carnival 
For  savage  natures  set  on  flame, 
The  Hell  of  torture  and  of  shame. 


Amid  the  shouts  of  triumph  thou 
Didst  mark  the  victor's  pride; 

And  beauty  bared  her  laureled  brow 
With  Cffisar  at  her  side. 

And  him,  the  Dacian  wretcn,  no  more 

To  clasp  his  Loves,  but  gasp  in  gore 


Now  through  the  ruins,  ivy-bouni 
There  stalks  no  wailing  ghost ; 

Through  all  thy  thousand  aisles  no 
Comes  from  thy  buried  host: 

But  silent  all,  and  silence  dread 

And  desolation  reign  instead. 


Yet,  in  thy  desolation  thou 
Hast  seen  their  glories  fade  ; 

And,  one  by  one,  their  temple  bow. 
Their  shrines  in  ruins  laid  ; 

And  those  that  worshiped  with  the  clay 

That  formed  their  idols,  pass  away. 

And  Time  hath  writ  upon  thy  brow 

Pride  and  ambition's  fall  : 
Wealth,  pageant,  glory,  empire,  thou 

Hast  reared  and  buried  all  ; 
In  stern  decay,  sublime  and  lone, 
Art  now  a  moralist  in  stone. 


JAMES  RUSSELL  BARRICK, 


A  native  of  Kentucky,  was  born  at  Glasgow,  Barren  oo.,  April  9,  1829;  was 
liberally  educated  ;  was  a  merchant  in  the  town  of  his  birth,  and  a  farmer 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


near  by ;  represented  Barren  county  in  the  Kentucky  legislature  for  four 
years,  lS59-fi3  ;  was  a  favorite  contributor  to  the  Louisville  Journal,  and  to 
several  Philadelphia  magazines. 


THE  FOREST  STREAM. 

BY  JAUES  R.  BARRICK. 

In  a  low  and  ceaseless  murmur 
Gently  flows  the  forest  stream, 
Day  and  night  to  nature  chanting, 
Music  sweet  as  song  and  dream. 
In  the  mirrored  sky  revealing 
All  the  beauty  of  its  gleam. 

With  a  song  of  joy  and  gladness 
Doth  the  little  minstrel  sing; 
And  each  passing  breeze  and  zephyr 
Wafts  its  echo  on  their  wing, 
Till  the  air  around,  above  it. 
Swells  with  magic  murmuring. 


Bubbling  onward  like  a  fountain, 

Thus  life's  fountain  to  its  rivei 

Born  of  melody  and  song, 

In  a  winding  current  flows, 

Like  a  transient  gleam  of  beauty, 

And  its  river  to  its  ocean 

Flows  the  silver  stream  along- 

In  a  channel  deeper  grows. 

Chanting  anthems  unto  nature- 

Till  its  fountain— river— ocean, 

She  to  whom  its  notes  belong. 

In  eternity  repose. 

Hastening  onward — onward  evt 
Like  the  life  that  flows  in  me, 
As  a  wave  upon  the  river, 
Hastening  onward  to  the  sea; 
As  a  hope  the  hidden  future 
Scanning  for  the  things  to  be. 

Summer  storms  may  o'er  it  gather, 
Winds  of  autumn  round  it  wail- 
Winter,  too,  its  bosom  ruffle. 
With  its  icy  sleet  and  hail ; 

Doth  its  steady  flow  prevail. 


MATTIE   GRIFFITH 


Was  born  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  about  1833.  As  she  grew  up,  and  developed  a 
love  for  poetry,  she  became  a  favorite  contributor  to  the  Louisville  Journal. 
Her  poems  vfere  published  in  1853,  in  New  York  city,  in  a  thin  volume. 
Before  1860,  she  removed  to  Boston,  and  devoted  herself  to  writing  poems  and 
tales  for  New  York  and  Boston  Journals. 


LEAVE  ME  TO  MYSELF  TO-NIGHT. 

Go,  leave  me  to  myself  to-night! 
My  smiles  to-morrow  shall  be  bright. 
But  now  I  only  ask  to  weep, 
Alone,  alone,  in  silence  deep. 
Go,  go  and  join  the  wreathing  dance. 
With  floating  step  and  joyous  glance; 
But  leave,  oh  leave  me  here  to  weep 
O'er  holy  memory's  guarded  keep. 

Within  my  soul's  unfathomed  tide 
Are  pearls  and  jewels  I  must  hide, 
Deep  from  the  rude  and  vulgar  eyes 
Of  Fashion's  wild,  gay  votaries. 

I  ask  not  sympathy,  I  ask 
But  solitude  for  my  dear  task 


Of  watching  o'er  those  gems  that  gleam 
Deep  in  my  soul's  unfathomed  stream. 

Ah  I  tears  are  to  my  weary  heart 
Like  dew  to  flowers— then  do  not  start, 
Nor  deem  me  weak,  that  thus  I  weep 
In  silence  lone,  and  dark  and  deep. 

'Tis  but  a  few  brief  hours  that  I 
Would  from  the  glad  and  joyous  fly. 
And  then,  like  thera,  I'll  wear  a  brow 
Free  from  the  tears  that  stain  it  now. 

But  oh  !  to-night  I  needs  must  weep, 

And  deeply  all  my  senses  steep 

In  the  sweet  luxury  of  tears. 

Shed  o'er  the  shrine  of  buried  years. 


MRS.  ROSA  VERTNER  (JOHNSON)  JEFFREY 
Was  educated  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  that  i 


about  1857.      Her  maiden  name  wi 
Mississippi ;  was  the  adopted  child  i 


Griffith,  and  she  was  born   at  Natchez, 
a  wealthy  and  prominent  planter  named 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Voi'tnev,  near  Port  Gibson,  Miss.  ;  while  at  school  at  Lexin£ton,  began  to 
write  poems  for  the  Louisville  Journal,  which  its  poet-editor,  Geo.  D.  Prentice, 
encouraged  for  their  "  beautiful  imagery  and  delightful  rhythm,"  and  declared, 
at  a  later  period,  that  "  heaven  made  her  a  poet,"  that  she  was  "  the  daughter 
of  a  poet  and  man  of  genius,"  and  wrote  poetry  "  because  she  must."  Her 
portrait  was  published  in  Graham's  Magazine,  in  1856,  with  a  handsome 
biographical  sketch  and  some  of  her  poetry.  In  1858,  her  "  Poems  by  Rosa  " 
were  published  in  Boston,  in  a  liimo.  volume  of  334  pages,  and  received  with 
great  favor.  Some  years  after  the  death  of  her  husband,  Mr.  Johnson,  a  prom- 
inent lawyer  and  elegant  gentleman,  she  was  married  to  Mr.  Alexander 
Jefl'rey,  of  Lexington.  Their  home  is  as  famed  for  its  generous  hospitality, 
as  its  mistress  is  "  eminent  for  beauty  and  poesy  among  even  the  women  of 
Kentucky." 


THE  SUNSET  CITY. 

BY  ROSA  VEETNEE  JOHNSON. 

I  SAW  a  striiBge,  beautiful  city  arise 

On  an  island  of  light,  in  the  sapphire  skies, 

When    the    Sun    in    his    Tyrian    drapery 

dress' d, 
Like  a  shadow  of  God,  floated  down  to  the 

West. 
A  city  of  clouds  I  in  a  moment  it  grew 
On  an  island  of  pearl,  in  an  ocean  of  blue. 
And  spirits  of  twilight  enticed  me  to  stray 
Through    these   palaces    reared    from  the 

ruins  of  day. 

In  musical  murmurs,  the  soft  sunset  air, 
Like  a  golden-winged  angel,  seemed  call- 
ing me  there. 
And  my  fancy  sped  on  till  it  found  a  rare 

A  palace  of  jasper,  with  emerald  dome. 
On  a  violet  strand,  by  a  wide  azure  flood  ; 
And  where  this  rich  City  of  Sunset  now 

stood, 
Methought  some  stray  seraph  had  broken 

a  bar 
From  the  gold  gates  of  Eden  and  left  them 

ajar. 

Here  were  amethyst  castles,  whose  turrets 

seemed  spun 
Of  fire  drawn   out  from  the  heart  of  the 

With  columns  of  amber,  and  fountains  of 

light, 
Which  threw  up  vast  showers,  so  chang- 

ingly  bright, 
That  Hope    might  have  stolen  their  ex- 

To  weave  in  her  girdle  of  rainbows,  I  ween; 
And  arches  of  glory  grew  over  me  there, 
As    these    fountains   of    Sunset    shot   up 
through  the  air. 

While    I    looked    from  my  cloud-pillared 
palace  afar, 


I  saw  Night  let  fall  c 
On  the  calm  brow  ■ 


emulous  star, 
vho,  then,  in 


For  the  gem  on  her  brow,  and  the  dew  in 

Seemed  draping  the  darkness  and  hiding 

its  gloom 
With  the  rose-colored  curtains  which  fell 

from  her  loom, 
AH  bordered  with  purple  and  violet  dyes, 
Floating  out  like  a  fringe  from  the  vail  of 

And  lo  !  far  away,  on  the  borders  of  night. 

Rose  a  chain  of  cloud-mountains,  so  won- 
drously  bright. 

They  seemed  built  from  those  atoms  of 
splendor  that  start 

Through  the  depths  of  the  diamond's  crys- 
talline heart. 

When  light  with  a  magical  touch  has 
revealed 

The  treasure  of  beams  in  its  bosom  con- 
cealed ; 

And  torrents    of   azure,  all  graceful  and 

Swept  noiselessly  down  from  these  moun- 
tains of  cloud. 

But  the  tide  of  the  darkness  came  on  with 

its  flood, 
And  broke  o'er  the  strand  where  my  frail 

palace  stood ; 
While  far  in  the  distance  the  moon  seemed 


Like 


night's  ebon 


And  then,  like  Atlantis,  that  isle  of  the 

bless'd, 
Which  in  olden  time  sunk  'neath  the  ocean 

to  rest 
(Which    now  the    blue  water   in  mystery 

shrouds). 
Dropped  down  in  the  darkness  this  City 

of  clouds. 


590 


THE   POETS   AND   POETRY  OF   KENTUCKY. 


THK  MIDNIGHT  PRATER. 

BT   ROSA  VERTKEK  JOHNSON. 

'Mid   the   deep   and   stifling  sadness,  the 

stillness  and  the  gloom, 
That  hung   a  vail  of  mourning  round  my 

dimly-lighted  room, 
I  heard  a  voice  at   midnight,  in  strange 

tones  of  anguish,  say  : 
"Come  near  me,  dearest    mother  I     Now, 

my  God,  0  let  me  pray  1  " 
•  »«»»»** 

He  prayed — and  dumb  with  anguish  did 

my  trembling  spirit  wait. 
Till  that  low  wail  had  entered  at  the  ever- 
lasting gate  ; 
And  then  I  cried,  "  0  Father  !  throngs  of 

angels  dwell  with  thee, 
And  he  is  thine— but  leave  him  yet  a  little 

while  with  me  I 


"  Two  buds  baa  Azrael  plucked  from  oat 

the  garden  of  my  love, 
And  placed  them  in  the  living  wreath  that 

spans  thy  throne  above  ; 
Twice  o'er  love's  consecrated    harp  have 

swept  his  cold,  dark  wings. 
And  when  I  touch  it  now,  alas  1  there  are 

two  broken  strings. 


"  Twice   have   his   strong,    sharp  arrows 

pierced  the  lambs  within  my  fold. 
And  now  in  his  unerring    grasp    another 

shaft  behold  !  " 
Two  prayers  went  up  at   midnight — and 

the  last  so  full  of  woe, 
That  God  did  break  the  arrow  set  in  Az- 

rael's  shining  bow. 


THEODORE  O'HARA, 
Kentucky  and  the  South  as  a  poet,  i 


Well  known  in  Kentucky  and  the  South  as  a  poet,  soldier,  and  editor,  was  a 
native  of  Danville,  Ky.  (See  extended  biographical  sketch  elsewhere  in  this 
volume.)  His  celebrated  poem,  published  below,  was  written  in  1847,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  interment  at  Frankfort  of  the  Dead  who  fell  in  Mexico. 

Nor  war's  wild  note,  nor  glory's  peal. 

Shall  thrill  with  fierce  delight 
Those  breasts  that  never  more  may  feel 
The  rapture  of  the  fight. 


THE  BIVOUAC  OF  THE  DEAD. 

BY  THEODORE   O'HARA. 

The  muffled  drum's  sad  roll  has  beat 

The  soldier's  last  tattoo  I 
No  more  on  life's  parade  shall  meet 

That  brave  and  fallen  few  ; 
On  Fame's  eternal  camping  ground 

Their  silent  tents  are  spread. 
And  Glory  guards,  with  solemn  round. 

The  bivouac  of  the  dead. 
No  rumor  of  the  foe's  advance 

Now  swells  upon  the  wind ; 
No  troubled  thought  at  midnight  haunts 

Of  loved  ones  left  behind  ; 
No  vision  of  the  morrow's  strife 

The  warrior's  dream  alarms  ; 
No  braying  horn  nor  screaming  fife 

At  dawn  shall  call  to  arms. 
Their  shivered  swords  are  red  with  rust, 

Their  plumed  heads  are  bowed. 
Their  haughty  banner,  trailed  in  dust. 

Is  now  their  martial  shroud — 
And  plenteous  funeral  tears  have  washed 

The  red  stains  from  each  brow. 
And  the  proud  forms,  in  battle  gashed, 

Are  free  from  anguish  now. 


Th. 


blade 


ghing  troop,  the 
The  bugle's  stirring  blast, 
le  charge,  the  dreadful  cannonade, 
The  din  and  shout  are  past — 


Like  the 


rce  Northern  hurricane 
eps  his  great  plateau, 

yet  to  gain, 


Tha 

Flushed  with  the  triumph  y< 
Came  down  the  serried  foe — 

Who  heard  the  thunder  of  the  fray 
Break  o'er  the  field  beneath. 

Knew  well  the  watchword  of  that  day 
Was  victory  or  death. 


Full  many  a  mother's  breath  has  sw 

O'er  Angusfura's  plain. 
And  long  the  pitying  sky  has  wept 

Above  its  moulder'd  slain  ; 
The  raven's  scream  or  eagle's  flight, 

Or  shepherd's  pensive  lay. 


Alo 


vake 


olen 


height 


That  frowned 
Sons  of  th 


that  dread  fray. 


k  and  Bloody  Ground  I 

Ye  must  not  slumber  there. 
Where  stranger  steps  and  tongue  resound 

Along  the  heedless  air  ; 
Your  own  proud  land's  heroic  soil 

Should  be  your  fitter  grave  ; 
She  claims  from  war  its  richest  spoil — 

The  ashes  of  her  brave. 


THE  rOETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Thus,  'neath  their  parent  turf  they  rest, 

Far  from  the  gory  field. 
Borne  to  a  Spartan  mother's  breast 

On  many  a  bloody  shield. 
The  sunshine  of  their  native  sky 

Smiles  sadly  on  them  here, 
And  kindred  eyes  and  hearts  watch  by 

The  hero's  sepulchre. 

Rest  on,  embalmed  and  sainted  dead  1 

Dear  as  the  blood  ye  gave  ; 
No  impious  footsteps  here  shall  tread 

The  herbage  of  your  grave; 
Nor  shall  your  glory  be  forgot 

While  Fame  her  record  keeps, 
Or  Honor  points  the  hallowed  spot 

Where  Valor  proudly  sleeps. 

Ton  marble  minstrel's  voiceful  stone, 

In  deathless  song  shall  tell. 
When  many  a  vanished  year  hath  flown. 

The  story  how  ye  fell ; 
Nor    wreck,    nor    change,  nor  winter's 
blight. 

Nor  time's  remorseless  doom. 
Can  dim  one  ray  of  holy  light 

That  gilds  your  glorious  tomb. 


THE  OLD  PIONEER,  DANIEL 


A  DIRGK  for  the  brave  old  pioneer  I 

Knight-errant  of  the  wood  1 
Calmly  beneath  the  green  sod  here, 

He  rests  from  field  and  flood; 
The     war-whoop     and     the    panthe 
screams 

No  more  his  soul  shall  rouse, 
For  well  the  aged  hunter  dreams 

Beside  his  good  old  spouse. 


A  dirge  for  the  brave  old  pioneer  I 

Hushed  now  his  rifle's  peal— 
The  dews  of  many  a  vanish'd  year 

Are  on  his  rusted  steel  ; 
His  horn  and  pouch  lie  mouldering 

Upon  the  cabin  door — 
The  elk  rests  by  the  salted  spring. 

Nor  flees  the  fierce  wild  boar. 


A  dirge  for  the  brave  old  { 
Old  Druid  of  the  West  1 


His  offering  was  the  fleet  wild  doer; 

His  shrine  the  mountain's  crest. 
Within  his  wildwood  temple's  space, 

An  empire's  towers  nod. 
Where  erst,  alone  of  all  his  race, 

He  knelt  to  nature's  God. 


A  dirge  for  the  brave  old  pioneer  I 

Columbus  of  the  land  ! 
Who  guided  freedom's  proud  career 

Beyond  the  conquer'd  strand; 
And  gave  her  pilgrim's  sons  a  home 

No  monarch's  step  profanes, 
Free  as  the  chainless  winds  that  roam 

Upon  its  boundless  plains. 


A  dirge  for  the  brave  old  pioneer  1 

The  muffled  drum  resound  1 
A  warrior  is  slumb'ring  hero 

Beneath  his  battle  ground. 
For  not  alone  with  beast  of  prey 

The  bloody  strife  he  waged, 
Foremost  where'er  the  deadly  fray 

Of  savage  combat  raged. 


A  dirge  for  the  brave  old  pioneer  1 

A  dirge  for  his  old  spouse  I 
For  her  who  blest  his  forest  cheer. 

And  kept  his  birchen  house. 
Now  soundly  by  her  chieftain  may 

The  brave  old  dame  sleep  on. 
The  red  man's  step  is  far  away, 

The  wolf's  dread  howl  is  gone. 


A  dirge  for  the  brave  old  pioneer  I 

His  pilgrimage  is  done  ; 
He  hunts  no  more  the  grizzly  bear. 

About  the  setting  sun. 
Weary  at  last  of  chase  and  life 

He  laiil  him  here  to  rest. 
Nor  recks  he  now  what  sport  or  strife 

Would  tempt  him  further  West. 


A  dirge  for  the  brave  old  pioneer  1 

The  patriarch  of  his  tribe  I 
He  sleeps,  no  pompous  pile  marks  where, 

No  lines  his  deeds  describe; 
They  raised  no  stone  above  him  here, 

Nor  carved  his  deathless  name — 
An  Empire  is  his  sepulchre, 

His  epitaph  is  Fame. 


592 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


WILLIAM  WALLACE  HARNEY, 
The  son  of  native  Kentucky  parents,  was  born  June  20,  1832,  at  Blooming- 
ton,  Indiana,  where  his  father,  the  late  John  Hopkins  Harney,  (for  24  years, 
1844-68,  the  able  and  distinguished  editor  of  tlie  Louisville  Daily  Democrat) 
then  resided  as  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  Indiana  University.  When 
five  years  old,  his  father  removed  to  Louisville,  where  William  was  educated, 
with  the  finest  advantages  to  be  obtained;  he  taught  school  tliere,-for  some 
years  ;  was  for  two  years  principal  of  the  High  School ;  then  professor  in  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Lexington,  during  the  two  years  of  its  existence; 
studied  law,  and  practiced  in  Louisville  ;  became  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Louisville  Democrat.  His  occasional  contributions  of  poetry  to  the  journals 
of  the  day  attracted  much  attention,  and  were  regarded  bv  the  best  judges  aa 
possessed  of  high  merit. 


THE  SUICIDE. 

BY  WILLIiH    W.    HARNEY. 

The  night  was  cold,  the  wind  was  chill, 
The  very  air  seemed  frozen  still, 
And  snowy  caps  lay  on  the  hill, 

In  pure  and  spotless  white  ; 
The  icy  stars  lay  on  the  sky  ; 
The  frozen  moon  went  sailing  by 

With  baleful,  livid  light. 

The  leafless  tree,  with  whitened  limb, 
Stood,  like  a  specter  lean  and  grim, 
Upon  the  darkened  river's  brim, 

A  moveless  sentinel  ! 
And  waters  turbulent  and  vast 
Went  swiftly  boiling,  eddying  past, 

Adown  the  inky  swell. 

The  twigs  with  tracery  of  white, 
And  tapestry  of  curtained  night. 
With  fringe  of  strange,  phosphoric  light, 

Bowed  idly  to  the  moon  ; 
Anon,  across  the  silent  wood. 
The  owl  would  break  the  solitude 

With  wild  and  awful  tune  ! 

No  hurrying  wheel  or  beating  tread 

Disturbed  the  sleeper  in  his  bed. 

But  earth  and  all  on  earth  seemed  dead, 

And  frozen  in  their  graves  ; 
The  moon  seemed  that  All-Seeing  eye 
That  watched  the  waters  whirling  by 

In  black  and  silent  waves. 

Near  where  the  wrinkled  waters  fell, 
A  woman — oh  I  such  tales  to  tell — 
Lay,  like  a  frozen  Christabel, 

Upon  the  river's  brim. 
Ah  !  was  it  so  ?  or  had  I  dreamed  ? 
ifet  so  I  saw,  or  so  it  seemed. 

By  that  cold  light  and  dim. 

And  fearfully  I  drew  a-nigh. 

With  opened  lip,  and  staring  eye. 

And  trembling  limbs — I  knew  not  why — 


Unto  the  darkened  spot, 
Half-willing  to  advance,  or  flee 
The  thing  that  lay  so  silently. 

And  moved  or  muttered  not. 

Adown  upon  the  river's  bank, 
With  raven  hair,  the  tresses  dank, 
A  corse  the  yawning  waters  drank, 

To  cast  upon  the  shore; 
The  placid  features,  cold  and  still, 
Tie  pallid  lip  and  bosom  chill, 
Lay  washing  at  the  water's  will, 

And  speechless  evermore. 

An  ivory  arm  of  purest  white 

Was  swinging  with  the  water's  might. 

And  swaying  slowly  left  and  right. 

As  if  the  pulse  was  there  ; 
The  eyes  were  closed  upon  the  cheek. 
And  one  white  arm  was  folded  meek 

Upon  the  bosom  fair. 

And  raven  shreds  were  tangled  in 
Among  the  fingers  long  and  thin, 
As  rent  by  grief,  or  chance,  or  sin. 

The  garments,  as  in  hours  of  trust. 
Were  rent  from  off  the  icy  bust. 
That  gleamed  in  loveliness. 

I,  kneeling  by  that  lovely  face. 
And  gazing,  vainly  sought  to  trace 
Her  name,  her  station,  or  her  place. 


'Tis  hurrying,  clambering,  stealing  feet 
That  fearfully  go  past. 

A  wave,  much  larger  than  the  rest. 
Came  rolling  o'er  that  lovely  breast. 
And  seizing  it  from  out  my  quest. 

It  bore  it  down  the  tide  ; 
But  was  not  that  a  horrid  dream, 
That  thrilling,  shrilly,  piercing  scream 

That  started  from  my  side? 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


593 


I  turned,  but  naught  of  earth  was  there 
Nor  specter  from  the  church-yard  lair, 
Nor  creature  dark,  nor  foul,  nor  fair, 

Nor  living  thing,  nor  dead  ; 
But  all  was  silent,  still,  and  deep, 
As  are  forms  that  lie  in  sleep, 

Within  their  narrow  bed. 


JIMMY'S  WOOING. 

BY  WILLIAM    W.    HAENET. 

Thk  wind  came  blowing  out  of  the  West; 


lowed  the  bay  ; 

blowing  out  of  the  West : 

;reen  leaves  out  of   their 


And  Jimmi 
The  wind  can 
It    stirred  th 

rest, 
And  rocked  the  blue-bird  up  in  his  nest, 

As  Jimmy  mowed  the  hay. 

The  swallows  skimmed  along  the  ground, 

And  Jimmy  mowed  the  hay  ; 
The  swallows  skimmed  along  the  ground, 
And  rustling  leaves  made  a  pleasant  sound, 
Like  children  babbling  all  around. 

As  Jimmy  mowed  the  hay. 

Milly  came  with  her  bucket  by, 

As  Jimmy  mowed  the  hay  ; 
Milly  came  with  her  bucket  by, 
With  wee  light  foot,  so  trim  and  sly, 
And  sunburnt  cheek  and  laughing  eye — 

And  Jimmy  mowed  the  hay. 

A  rustic  Ruth,  in  linsey  gown — 

And  Jimmy  mowed  the  hay  ; 
A  rustic  Ruth,  in  linsey  gown, 


He    watched    her    soft    cheeks'    changing 

brown. 
And  the  long  dark  lash  that  trembled  down 

Whenever  he  looked  that  way. 
Oh!  Milly's  heart  was  good  as  gold — 

And  Jimmy  mowed  the  hay  ; 
Oh  !  Milly's  heart  was  good  as  gold  ; 
But  Jimmy  thought  her  shy  and  cold. 
And  more  he  thought  than  e'er  he  told,  , 

As  Jimmy  mowed  the  hay. 
The  rain  came  pattering  down  amain, 

And  Jimmy  mowed  the  hay  ; 
The  rain  came  pattering  down  amain  ; 
And,  under  the  thatch  of  the  laden  wain, 
Jimmy  and  Milly,  a  cunning  twain, 

Sat  sheltered  by  the  bay. 
The  merry  rain-drops  hurried  in 

Under  the  thatch  of  hay  ; 
The  merry  rain-drops  hurried  in, 
And  laughed  and  prattled  in  a  din, 
Over  that  which  they  saw  within. 

Under  the  thatch  of  hay. 
For  Milly  nestled  to  Jimmy's  breast, 

Under  the  thatch  of  hay  ; 
For  Milly  nestled  to  Jimmy's  breast. 
Like  a  wild  bird  fluttering  to  its  nest; 
And  then  I'll  swear  she  looked  her  best 

Under  the  thatch  of  hay. 
And  when  the  sun  came  laughing  out, 

Over  the  ruined  hay— 
And  when  the  sun  came  laughing  out, 
Milly  had  ceased  to  pet  and  pout. 
And  twittering  birds  began  to  shout. 

As  if  for  a  wedding-day. 


GRANVILLE  MELLEN  BALLARD 
Was  born,  March  30,  1833,  at  Westport,  Oldham  co.,  Ky. ;  graduated  at 
Asbury  University,  Greencastle,  Indiana,  in  1851 ;  in  1860,  was  the  princi- 
pal teacher  in  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum  at  Indianapolis,  Ind. ;  began  to 
write  poetry  when  a  boy,  and  has  contributed  poems  to  magazines  and  news- 
papers all  over  the  land. 


WHERE?— HERE. 

ET  GRANVILLE  M.  BALLARD. 


Where  doth  the  sunlight  linger  latest  ?  Where  doth  the  night  distil  her  di 


Where  doth.Diana  i 
Where  doth  Delphi] 


Wh 


ling  meet  us? 
nightly  greet  us  ? 
? 


Where  doth  the  early  primrose  bloom  1 
Where  doth  the  pink  exhale  perfume? 
Where  do  the  shadows  bring  no  gloom  ? 
Oh  I  Where  1 
I. ..38 


Where  hath  the  sky  the  softest  blue  ? 
Where  hath  the  grass  the  greenest  hue  ? 


Wher( 


Where  ? 


Where  do  the  waters  murmuring  low, 
Reflect  the  sunset's  golden  glow? 
Where  do  the  springs  forever  flow  ? 
Where  do  the  winds  most  softly  blow  ? 
Where  doth  moss  on  the  hill-sides  grow? 
Where  ?  oh  I  Where  ? 


594 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Where  do  ivy  and  woodbine  cling 

To  the  twisted  trunk  of  the  forest  king? 

AVhere  doth  the  blue-jay  loudly  sing? 

Where  is  the  lark  first  on  the  wing  ? 

Where  doth  the  robin  early  bring 

Her  brood  of  young  in  the  vernal  spring  7 

Where?  Where? 
Not  in  the  cold  and  dreary  North, 
Whence  Boreas  sends  her  children  forth  ; 
Nor  yet  beneath  those  Southern  skies, 


Where  withered  flowers  shut  their  eyes ; 
Nor  in  the  old  and  fabled  East, 
Where  adders  in  the  palace  feast. 
But  here,  oh  soul  that  panteth,  rest 
Beneath  the  blue  skies  of  the  West ; 
Here  find  that  ocean  deep,  and  wide. 
O'er  which  the  bark  of  life  may  glide — 
Nor  wind,  nor  wave,  nor  aught  beside 
Can  give  to  hope  an  ebb  or  tide — 
Here. 


MRS.  MARY  L.  CADY, 
Nie  Mitchell,  is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born  at  Maysville,  whither  her  great- 
grandfather, Jacob  Boone  (a  favorite  cousin  of  the  distinguished  pioneer, 
Daniel  Boone),  immigrated  and  settled  in  1786  ;  was  liberally  educated;  de- 
veloped at  15  a  love  for  poetry,  and  at  that  age  vrrote  several  pieces  with 
marked  poetic  taste ;  has  contributed  short  poems  to  the  Louisville  Journal, 
Willis'  Home  Journal,  Saturday  Evening  Post,  and  to  the  papers  of  her  native 
city,  Maysville  Eagle  and  Maysville  Bulletin.  About  1 854,  she  was  married  to 
Jarvis  G.  Cady  ;  in  1873-4,  was  a  resident  of  Covington,  Ky. 

IMMORTAL. 

BY  MART    L.  CADT. 

The  merest  grain  that  softly  falls 

Upon  the  ground  shall  live  again. 
And  blossom,  when  the  spring-time  calls 
Across  the  plain. 

The  star  that  drops  from  out  the  skies 
And  fades  beyond  our  mortal  sight. 
In  other  space,  mayhap,  will  rise 
To  greater  height. 

The  dew  that  lies  within  the  flower 

Shall  spend  itself  upon  the  air. 

And  fall  again  in  pleasant  shower 

Some  other  where. 

There  is  no  death  !     All  things  obey 

A  voice  that  calls  them  froiji  the  night. 
And  in  God's  own  mysterious  way 
Approach  the  light. 

Eternal  change,  unerring  laws 

Renew  again  the  smallest  thing. 

And  from  decay  sweet  Nature  draws 

The  heart  of  Spring. 


Let  us  revere  the  glorious  type 

Which  seed  and  star  and  dew-drop  show; 
We  are  the  tree  with  fruit  full  ripe  ; 
We  fall,  and  so— 

We  live  again  I     In  brighter  spheres 

Our  souls  shall  climb  to  greater  height. 
And,  reaching  toward  immortal  years. 
Wax  infinite. 


THE  FABRIC  OF  LIFE. 

BT  MART  L.  CADT. 

Backward  and  forward,  to  and  fro, 

The  tireless  shuttle  plies 
In  and  out  and  over  ;  and  so. 

With  heavy  and  restless  eyes, 
I  sit  at  the  loom  of  life  and  weave 

A  fabric  of  many  dyes. 

Rose-hued  and  somber,  dark  with  shade. 

And  crossed  by  many  a  line 
That  the  fleeting  changeful    years  have 

Is  this  varied  web  of  mine  ; 
Into  its  warp  both  flower  and  weed 
Their  clasping  tendrils  twine. 


And  lying  below,  in  the  dank  and  mould. 

The  noisome  hemlock  of  death  ; 
Beauty  and  grace  and  life  above. 

And  nightshade  underneath. 
Blossoms  of  orange,  fit  for  brows 

Where  the  kiss  oflove  is  laid; 
And  then,  too,  the  sweep  of  willow-bougha 

Where  a  grass-grown  grave  is  made. 
'Tis  thus  they  blend  in  this  work  of  mine 

A  mixture  of  light  and  shade. 


otty  thread, 


Dreaming  ani 

A  tangled  i 
Buds  of  promise  and  lines  of  doubt 

By  the  noiseless  shuttle  sped; 
Thus  shall  I  sit  at  my  mystic  loom 

Working  'till  I  am  dead. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


595 


Weaving  and  praying  all  the  while, 

That  when  my  labors  arc  told 
My  work  shall  drop  'neath  the  Master's 

In  many  a  shining  fold — 
Shall  fall  and  spread  at  His  precious  feet 
The  veriest  "cloth  of  gold." 


FLAME-PICTURES. 

BY  MARY  L.   CADY. 

A  WINTRY  night  I     The  wind  moans  at  my 

But  from  the  grate,  the  ruddy  firelight 
glowing, 
Upon  my  lowly  walls  and  cottage  floor 
A  charm  is  throwing. 

And  I,  meanwhile,  reclining  in  its  beams, 
Forget    alike    the    world    and    wintry 

And   roam   abroad  within  the   realm  of 
dreams, 

Lost  altogether. 

I  watch  the  bright  flames  as  they  tower- 

And  shape  themselves  to  many  a  quaint 

Such  as  my  fancy  wrought  in  other  days 
When  joy  was  real. 

Proud  palaces  with  gilded  dome  and  spire. 
And  bannered  battlements  in  bold  de- 
fiance, 
And  broad  domains  all  merged  within  the 


fire 


In  apt  applii 


The  placid  moon-lit  sky  that  bends  above 
Drops  softly  down   its  silver  beams   in 
showers. 
To  add  perfection  to  this  scene  of  love 
And  gild  the  hours. 

Within  those  stately  halls  a  happy  throng 
Makes   time  pass  merrily  with  joyous 
laughter, 
I  list,  and  catch  the  ripple  of  a  song 
That  floatcth  after. 


And  lo,  what  trains  of  olden  raem'ries  rise 
As  the  faint  echoes  of  those  tones  come 
stealing  I 
How  swells  the  touched  heart  upward  to 
the  eyes 

In  fond  revealing  1 

Ah,  days  of  youth,  and  song  of  long  ago, 
Why  haunt  my  heart  to-night  with  such 
strange  sweetness? 
Is  it  to  mock  me  with  your  loss,  and  show 
Life's  incompleteness  ? 

Back  to  your  realms  !    I  would  not  once 
recall 
A  single  hour  or  song  in  love's  sweet 
story. 
Life  is  not  ever  dark,  and  earth  not  all 
Bereft  of  glory. 

Burn  brighter,  fire  1  throw  out  your  cheer- 
iest light, 
Fall  on  my  hearth  and  homo  with  tender 
gleaming. 
That  I  may  see  a  fairer  scene  to-nighl) — 
No  longer  dreaming. 

The  crimson  carpet  on  my  cottage  floor 
Looks  warmer  still  beneath  your  red  re- 
flection ; 
The  faithful  house-dog  by  the  fastened 

Insures  protection. 

The  painted  landscapes  pendant  from  the 
wall 
Show  many  a  winding  brook,  and  verdant 
meadows. 
And  grand  old  trees  whose  leafy  branches 
fall 

In  pleasing  shadows. 

The  never-tiring  clock  above  my  head 
Chimes  out  the  fleeting  hours  in  silver 
numbers. 
While,  close  beside  me,  on  her  little  bed 
My  baby  slumbers. 

Was  ever  fairer  scene  or  fonder  sight? 

I  kiss  her  rosy  lips  to  make  more  certain: 
Mine  eyes  and  heart  are  very  full  I     Oh 
Night, 

Let  fall  your  curtain  I 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


MRS.  ALICE  McCLURE  GRIFFIN, 

A"^&  McClure,  was  a  native  of  Newport,  Ky.,  where  her  father  was  famous 
for  his  benefactions  and  public  liberality  when  the  wheel  of  fortune  made 
him  suddenly  wealthy.  Since  her  marriage  to  George  W.  Griffin  (himself  an 
author  and  writer  of  some  distinction)  her  home  has  been  in  Louisville,  except 
when  absent  with  her  husband  in  Europe,  while  he  was  consul  to  Copenhagen. 
A  volume  of"  Poems  by  Alice  McClure  Griffin,"  126  pages,  12rao.,  was  pub- 
lished at  Cincinnati,  in  1864 ;  they  were  all  written  when  the  author  was 
between  fourteen  and  twenty  years  of  age. 


VOICE  OF  THE  STREAMLET. 

BY  ALICE  M'CLCRE  GEIFFIX. 

Gatlt  through  the  forest  flashing, 

With  a  bounding  tide  I  go  ; 
Over  rocks  and  rocklets  dashing 

In  a  wild  and  gladsome  flow. 

Mosses  fringe  my  bed  of  pebbles. 
And  the  bending  bluebells  lave. 

Lovingly,  their  silvery  petals 
In  the  nectar  of  my  wave. 

And  the  violet  and  the  lily, 
Peeping  from  the  wavy  grass, 

With  their  modest  eyelets  shyly 
Nod  me  welcome  as  I  pass.     . 

Peeping  vines  and  climbing  roses 
Twine  triumphal  arches  o'er 

My  wild  path,  and  swaying  osiers 
Sigh  sweet  greetings  from  the  shore. 

Tall  trees  bend  to  do  me  homage, 
Holding  o'er  me  feathery  boughs, 

And  the  shadows  of  their  foliage 
Lightly  on  my  bosom  glows. 

Now  I  catch  them,  and  reflect  them 
On  my  glancing  wavelets  bright. 

And  embrace  them  and  caress  them 
Till  the  coming  of  the  night. 

Then  the  sweet  stars  send  their  beamlets 
Trembling  down,  to  gem  my  breast; 

And  I  sing  each  tiny  gleamlet 
With  a  lullaby  to  rest. 

And  I  fold  them  and  I  hold  them 
In  a  fond  and  sweet  embrace, 

Till  the  coming  beams  of  morning 
From  my  arms  the  treasures  chase. 


Then  I  kiss  them  and  release  the 

With  a  murmur  and  a  sigh, 
And  upon  the  breezes  send  them 
To  their  azure  homes  on  high. 


Thus,  'mid  scenes  of  beauty  flowing. 
Dancing,  glancing,  on  I  sweep. 

With  a  bounding  spirit  going 
To  my  home,  my  native  deep. 


WANDERING  STARS. 

BY    ALICE    M'CLURE    GEIFFIK. 

Alas  I  how  many  gems  of  human  worth, 
Bright  stars   of   nature,    gifted    souls    of 

earth. 
Have     left     the     orbit   of   their    glorious 

Lured   by   the   glowing  of   some    meteor 

bright, 
On  glitt'ring  transit's  blaze,  to  thread  the 

path 
Where  Pleasure's  voice  was  heard,  in  siren 

notes 
Of  sweet  enchanting  strains,    that  wooed 

them  on 
To  feasts  of  joy  and  sparkling  banqueting. 
Where  glowed  the  wine  and  whirled  the 

giddy  dance, 
And  music  soft,  entrancing,   thrilled  the 

Where  praises  soft,  delusive,  sought  the 

Of  untaught  innocence,  in  whispers  low. 
And  ofttimes  led,  by  flattery's  witching 

spell. 
The  unsuspecting  to  the  snares  of  sin. 
Oh,  look    abroad !    behold   the    tott'ring 

And  haggard  countenances  that  meet  the 

eye 
At  every  turn  of  these  your  city's  streets  ; 
And  while  your  sympathies  inquire  why 

and 
Wherefore  all  these  sufferings,  list  the  tale 
Which  hundreds  of  these  sorrowing  hearts 

might  tell. 
Formed  upright  in  the  image  of  our  God! 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


597 


Major  HENRY  THOMAS  STANTON, 
Eldest  son  of  Judge  Richard  H.  Stanton,  was  born  in  Alexandria,  District 
of  Columbia,  June  30,  1834,  and  brought  to  Maysville,  Ky.,  in  1836;  was 
liberally  educated  at  the  Maysville  Seminary ;  at  an  early  age  manifested  a 
passion  for  rhyming,  the  very  fervor  and  persistence  of  which  amused  and 
interested  his  friends,  and  made  them  wonder,  but  gave  no  great  promise  of 
the  remarkable  success  and  popularity  he  has  achieved.  In  1861,  he  entered 
the  Confederate  army  as  captain  of  a  company  in  the  5th  Kentucky  regiment; 
in  1862-3-4,  was  assistant  adjutant-general,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  John  S.  Williams;  occupied  the  same  position  on  Col.  Henry 
L.  Giltner's  staff,  while  he  commanded  a  brigade;  was,  when  the  war  closed, 
upon  Gen.  John  Echols'  staff,  having  been  promoted  to  be  assistant  adjutant- 
general  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  was  surrendered  with  Gen.  Johnston  at 
Greensboro,  N.  C,  on  May  1,  1865,  and  paroled.  His  service  was  very  active, 
but  limited  to  Eastern  Kentucky,  East  Tennessee,  and  Western  Virginia ;  he 
fought  bravely  and  gallantly  in  many  battles  and  skirmishes.  After  the  war, 
he  practiced  law  and  was  editor  of  the  Maysville  Bulletin  until  1870,  and 
from  1870-74  was  chief  assistant  in  the  office  of  State  Commissioner  of  In- 
surance, at  Frankfort.  His  poetry,  much  of  which  is  of  a  high  qrder  and  ex- 
ceedingly popular,  was  published  in  a  volume,  "  The  Moneyless  Man,  and 
other  Poems,"  at  Baltimore,  iu  Dec.  1871. 


THE  MONEYLESS  MAN. 

BY  HENRY   T.  STANTON. 

Is  there  no  secret  place  on  the  face  of  the 

earth, 
Where  charity  dwelleth,  where  virtue  has 

birth  ? 
Where  bosoms  in  mercy  and  kindness  will 

AVhen  the  poor  and  the  wretched  shall  ask 


Is  there  no   place  at  all,  where  a  knock 

from  the  poor. 
Will  bring  a  kind  angel  to  open  the  door? 
Ah,  search  the  wide  world  wherever  you 


The: 


open   door  for  a  Moneyle 


Go,  look  in  yon  hall  where  the  chandelier's 

light 
Drives  off  with  its  splendor  the  darkness 

of  night. 
Where  the  rich-hanging  velvet  in  shadowy 

fold 
Sweeps  gracefully  down  with  its  trimmings 

of  gold, 
And  the  mirrors  of  silver  take  up,  and  re- 
in long  lighted  vistas,  the  'wildering  view  : 
Go  there  1  at  the  banquet,  and  find,  if  you 

A  welcoming  smile  for  a  Moneyless  Man  1 

Go,  look  in  yon  church  of  the  cloud-reach- 
ing spire. 

Which  gives  to  the  sun  his  same  look  of 
red  fire. 


Where  the  arches  and  columns 

within. 
And  the  walls  seem  as  pure  as 


!  gorgeous 


Walk  down   the  long   aisles,  see  the  rich 

and  the  great 
In  the  pomp  and  the  pride  of  their  worldly 

Walk  down   in  your  patches,  and  find,  if 

Who  opens  a  pew  to  a  Moneyless  Man  I 
Go,  look    in  the  Banks,  where  Mammon 

has  told 
His  hundreds  and  thousands  of  silver  and 

gold; 
Where,  safe  from  the  hands  of  the  starving 

and  poor, 
Lies  pile  upon  pile  of  the  glittering  ore  ! 
Walk  up  to  their  counters — ah,  there  you 

may  stay 
'Til  your  limbs  grow  old,  'til  your  hairs 

grow  gray. 
And  you'll  find  at  the  Banks  not  one  of  the 

With  money  to  lend  to  a  Moneyless  Man  I 


1  Judge, 


Go,  look  1 

gown. 
With    the   scales    wherein    law    weigheth 

equity  down, 
Where  he  frowns  on  the  weak  and  smiles 

on  the  strong. 
And   punishes    right    whilst    he    justifies 

wrong; 
Where  juries  their  lips  to  the  Bible  have 

laid, 
To  render  a  verdict— they've  already  made; 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Go  there,  in  the  court-room,  and  find,  if 

you  can. 
Any  law  for  the  cause  of  a  Moneyless  Man! 

Then  go  to  your  hovel — no  raven  has  fed 
The  wife  who  has  suffered  too  long  for  her 

Kneel  down  by  her  pallet,  and  kiss  the 
death-frost 

From  the  lips  of  the  angel  your  poverty 
lost; 

Then  turn  in  your  agony  upward  to  God, 

And  bless,  while  it  smites  you,  the  chas- 
tening rod, 

And  you'll  find,  at  the  end  of  your  life's 
little  span. 

There's  a  welcome  above  for  a  Moneyless 
Maul 


TYPES  OF  LIFE. 

BY  HENRY  T.   STANTON. 

I  SAW  a  Star  fall  from  its  home 

In  Heaven's  blue  and  boundless  dome. 

To  gleam  no  more  ; 
I  saw  a  wave  with  snowy  crest 
Thrown  from  the  Ocean's  stormy  breast, 

Upon  the  shore. 

I  saw  a  rose  of  perfect  bloom 
Bend,  fading  to  its  wintry  tomb 

In  silent  grief; 
I  saw  a  living  oak,  but  now. 
Touched   by  the   storm,  with   shattered 
bough 

And  withered  leaf. 

The  star  had  shone  thro'  countless  years. 
And  shed  its  rays  like  virgin  tears, 

So  pure  and  bright, 
That  earth  scarce  knew  the  holy  thrall. 
And  only  sighed  to  see  it  fall 

And  fade  in  night. 

The  wave  had  wandered  to  and  fry. 
With  Ocean's  ebb  and  Ocean's  flow. 

From  pole  to  pole. 
Till  here  upon  the  nameless  strand 
It  sank  beneath  the  thirsty  sand. 

Its  final  goal. 

The  rose  sprang  from  a  fallen  seed. 
And  smiled  above  the  graceless  weed. 

To  greet  the  sun  ; 
But  'neath  the  Winter's  chilling  breath, 
The  lovely  flow'rcts'  race  to  death 

Was  quickly  run. 


The  living  oak,  with  noble  shade, 
Had  stood  the  monarch  of  the  glade, 

Thro'  ages  long ; 
But,  rifted  by  the  lightning's  glare, 
His  sturdy  arms  grew  brown  and  bare. 

And  were  not  strong. 

And  these  are  types  of  human  lives  ; 
Man  lives  a  little  while  and  thrives. 

But  withers  fast, 
sees  a  thousand  lovely  gleams, 
But  wastes  his  life  away  in  dreams. 

And  falls  at  last. 


FALLEN. 

BY  HENRY  T.  STANTON. 

The  iron  voice  from  yonder  spire 
Has  hush'd  its  hollow  tone. 

And  midnight  finds  me  lying  here. 
In  silence  and  alone. 

The  still  moon  through  my  window 
Sheds  its  soft  light  on  the  floor. 

With  a  melancholy  paleness, 
I  have  never  seen  before  ; 


And  the  summer  wind  comes  to  me 

With  its  sad  J5olian  lay. 
As  if  burthened  with  the  sorrows 

Of  a  weary,  weary  day  ; 

But  the  moonlight  can  not  soothe  me 
Of  the  sickness  here  within. 

And  the  sad  wind  takes  no  portion 
From  my  bosom's  weight  of  sin. 

Yet  my  heart  and  all  its  pulses 

Seem  so  quietly  to  rest, 
That  I  scarce  can  feel  them  beating 

In  my  arms,  or  in  my  breast : 

These  rounded  limbs  are  resting  now 

So  still  upon  the  bed. 
That  one  would  think,  to  see  me  here, 

That  I  was  lying  dead. 

What  if  'twere  so  ?     What  if  I  died 

As  I  am  lying  now, 
With  something  like  to  virtue's  calm 

Upon  this  pallid  brow  ? 

What  if  I  died  to-night  ?     Ah,  now 
This  heart  begins  to  beat— 

A  fallen  wretch,  like  me,  to  pass 
From  earth,  so  saJIy  sweet! 


THE  POETS  AND  POETEY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Yet  am  I  calm  I — as  calm  as  clouds 

That  slowly  float  and  form, 
To  give  their  burthen-tears  in  some 

Unpitying  winter  storm  ; 

As  calm  as  great  Sahara 

E'er  the  simoom  sweeps  its  waste — 
As  the  ocean,  e'er  the  billows 

All  its  miles  of  beach  have  laced. 

Still,  still,  I  have  no  tears  to  shed; 

These  eye-lids  have  no  store — 
The  fountain  once  within  me, 

A  fountain  is  no  more. 

The  moon  alone  looks  on  me  now, 
The  pale  and  dreamful  moon  ; 

She  smiles  upon  my  wretchedness, 
Through  all  the  night's  sweet  noon. 

What  if  I  died  to-night— within 
These  gilded,  wretched  walls, 

Upon  whose  crimson  tapestry 
No  eye  of  virtue  falls. 

What  would  its  soulless  inmates  do 
When  they  had  found  me  here. 

With  cheek  too  white  for  passion's  mile, 
Too  cold  for  passion's  tear  ? 

Ah  1    one  would  come,  and   from  these 

Unclasp  the  bauble  bands  ; 
Another,  wrench  the  jewels  from 
My  fairer,  whiter  hands. 

This  splendid  robe,  another's  form 
Would  grace,  oh,  long  before 

The  tender  moon-beam  shed  again 
Its  silver  on  the  floor. 

And  when  they'd  laid  me  down  in  earth 
Where  pauper  graves  are  made, 

Beneath  no  drooping  willow-tree 
In  angel  haunted  shade, 

Who'd  come  and  plant  a  living  vine 

Upon  a  wretched  grave  ? 
Who'd  trim  the  tangled  grasses  wild 

No  summer  wind  could  wave  ? 

Who  would  raise  a  stone  to  mark  it 

From  ruder  graves  around, 
That  the  foot-fall  of  the  stranger 

Might  be  soft  upon  the  ground? 

No  stone  would  stand  above  me  there — 

No  sadly  bending  tree  ; 
No  hand  would  plant  a  myrtle  vine 


What  if  I  died  to-night  I— and  when 

To-morrow's  sun  had  crept 
Where  late  the  softer  moonlight 

In  its  virgin  beauty  slept. 

They'd  come  and  find  me  here — oh,  who 
'    Would  weep  to  see  me  dead  ? 
Who'd  bend  the  knee  of  sorrow 
By  a  pulseless  wanton's  bed  ? 

There's  one  would  come — my  mother  I 

God  bless  the  angel  band 
That  bore  her,  ere  her  daughter  fell, 

To  yonder  quiet  land  I 

Thank  God  for  all  the  anthem-songs, 
That  gladdened  angels  sung. 

When  my  mother  went  to  heaven, 
And  I  was  pure  and  young  I 

And  there's  another,  too,  would  come — 

A  man  upon  whose  brow 
My  shame  hath  brought  the  winter  snow 

To  rest  so  heavy  now. 

Ah  1  he  would  come  with  bitter  teara 
All  burning  down  his  cheek. 

Had  reason's  kingdom  stronger  been 
When  virtue  grew  so  weak ! 

My  sisters  and  my  brothers  all. 

Thank  God  1  are  far  away  I 
They'll  never  know  how  died  the  one 

That  mingled  in  their  play; 

They'll  never  know  how  wretchedly 

Their  darling  sister  died; 
The    one    who    smiled    whene'er    they 
smiled, 

Who  cried  whene'er  they  cried. 

For  him  that  sought  a  spotless  hand. 
And  lives  to  know  my  shame. 

In  such  a  place  I'd  tear  the  tongue 
That  dared  to  speak  his  name. 

The  cold  sea-waves  run  up  the  sand 

In  undulating  swells. 
And  backward  to  the  ocean  turn 

When  they  have  kissed  the  sheila  ; 

So,  there's  a  torrent  in  my  breast, 

And  I  can  feel  its  flow 
Rush  up  in  crimson  billows 

On  a  beach  as  fair  as  snow  ; 
And  backward,  baekwjird  to  my  heart. 

The  ocean  takes  its  tide. 
My  cheeks  and  lips  left  bloodless  all, 

And  cold,  as  if  I  diedl 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY, 
ow  strani 


I'm  all  alone  to-night  1 

That  I  should  be  alone  I 
This  splendid  chamber  seems  to  wai 

Some  roue  's  passion-tone  ! 

Yon  soulless  mirror,  with  its  smootl 
And  all  untarnished  face, 

Sees  not  these  jewelled  arms  to-nigh 
In  their  unchaste  embrace — 

Oh,  I  have  fled  the  fever 

Of  that  heated,  crowded  hall, 

■\VTiere  I  might  claim  the  highest-bc 
And  noblest  of  them  all; 

■Where  I  might  smile  upon  them  now 
With  easy,  wanton  grace, 

Which  subdues  the  blood  of  virtue 
That  would  struggle  in  my  face. 

I  hate  them  all — I  scorn  them. 
As  they  scorn  me  in  the  street; 

I  could  spurn  away  the  pressure 
That  my  lips  too  often  meet ; 

I  could  trample  on  the  lucre 

That  their  passion  never  spares  : 

They  robbed  me  of  a  heritage 
Of  greater  price  than  theirs. 

They  can  never  give  me  back  agai 

What  I  have  thrown  away — 
The  brightest  jewel  woman  wears 

Throughout  her  little  diiy  I 
The  brightest,  and  the  only  one, 

That  forms  the  cluster  riven. 
Shuts  outs  forever  woman's  heart 

From  all  its  hopes  of  Heaven  I 


What  if  I  died  to-night  ?— and  died 

As  I  am  lying  here  I 
There's  many  a  green  leaf  withered 

Ere  autumn  comes  to  sear ; 

There's  many  a  dew-drop  shaken  down 
Ere  yet  the  sunshine  came, 

And  many  a  spark  hath  died  before 
It  wakened  into  flame. 

What  if  I  died  to-night,  and  left 
These  wretched  bonds  of  clay 

To  seek  beyond  this  hollow  sphere 
A  brighter,  better  day  ? 

What  if  my  soul  passed  out,  and  sought 

That  haven  of  the  blest— 
"Where  the  wicked  cease  from  troubling, 

The  weary  are  at  rest?  " 

Would  augels  call  me  from  above, 

And  beckon  me  to  come 
And  join  them  in  their  holy  songs 

In  that  eternal  home  ? 

Would  they  clasp  their  hands  in  gladness 
When  they  saw  my  soul  set  free, 

And  point — beside  my  mother's — 
To  a  place  reserved  for  me? 

Would  they  meet  me  as  a  sister, 

As  one  of  precious  worth 
AVho  had  gained  a  place  in  Heaven 

By  holiness  on  earth  7 


0  God  I  I  woi 

Go  out  upot 

With  all  its  h 


my  so 
etehedi 


MRS.  NELLY  MARSHALL  McAFEE, 
A  native  of  Kentucky,  was  born  at  Louisville,  May  8,  184.').  Her  father,  the 
late  Gen.  Humphrey  Marshall,  was  distingnished  as  a  statesman,  diplomat, 
lawyer,  and  soldier.  Her  education,  which  had  been  conducted  with  singu- 
lar care  and  advantage,  was  interrupted  by  the  vicissitudes  of  the  war  around 
her  Henry  county  home — whence  she  went,  in  1862,  through  the  Southern 
lines,  to  nurse  a  wounded  brother,  and  soon  after  met  the  gallant  Confeder- 
ate officer,  Capt.  John  J.  McAfee,  whom  she  married,  Feb.  13,  1871,  while  he 
was  serving  his  first  of  two  terms,  1869-73,  as  the  representative  of  Mercer 
county  in  the  Kentucky  legislature.  This  affaire  du  coeur  was  very  roman- 
tic, and  attracted  the  complimentary  notices  of  the  Press  quite  generally  ; 
indeed,  Mrs.  M.  boasts  of  possessing  seventy-two  of  these,  being  all  that  fell 
under  her  eye.  For  more  than  eight  years,  it  seems,  "  the  course  of  their 
true  love  had  not  run  smooth  ;  "  the  lady's  parents  having  opposed  the  mar- 
riage. Consent  at  last  was  given,  and  the  wedding  day  appointed  for  the 
spring  of  1871.  But  in  January  before,  the  talented  legislator  was  attacked 
with  typhoid  pneumonia,  and  his  life  despaired  of.  The  lady  was  sent  for, 
and  the  ceremony  which  made  them  man  and  wife  took  place  at  Frankfort 
in  the  presence  of  only  five  witnesses,  the  bride  being  given  away  bi"  the 
nearest  friend  of  both  parties,  Col  James  Q.  Chenoweth,  senator  from  the 
Mercer  district. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY.  001 

In  1863,  when  only  18,  Miss  Marshall  began  her  literary  career,  takin" 
rank  immediately  as  a  brilliant  and  fluent  writer,  and  in  ten  years  probably 
wrote  more  than  any  woman  of  her  age  in  the  United  States.  She  has  writ- 
ten poems  enough  to  comprise  two  volumes  entitled  "A  Bunch  of  Violets," 
and  "Leaves  from  the  Book  of  my  Heart."  Of  novels,  she  wrote  "  Eleanor 
Morton,  or  Life  in  Dixie,"  published  in  New  York  in  ISG."),  "  Sodom  Apples  " 
in  1866,  "  Dead  under  the  Roses  "  in  1867,  "  Wearing  the  Cross  "  in  1868 
"As  by  Fire"  in  1869,  and  in  March,  1874,  had  ready'for  the  press,  "  Pas- 
sion, or  Bartered  and  Sold."  Besides  these,  she  has  published  several  vol- 
umes on  miscellaneous  subjects,  and  contributed  to  magazines  and  newspa- 
pers many  serials,  essays,  letters,  poems,  and  sketches.  "  She  writes  without 
effort — as  naturally  as  a  bird  sings.  Many  of  her  poems  are  marked  by  ten- 
der touches  of  pathos  and  passion. 


TO  HIM  WUO  WILL  UNDERSTAND. 

BY   NELLY    MARSHALL    M'aFEB. 

Thou  hast  come  to  my  life  like  the  blaze 

of  the  sun 

AVhen  it  touches  the  rockiest  steep, 

And   the    world   by    its    warmth   and    its 

splendor  is  won 

To  awake  from  its  night-tranced  sleep. 

Thou  hast  come  to  my  life  like  celestial  per- 

That  lies  hid  in  the  violet's  breast, 
Or  yet— in  the  fringe   of  the    cocoauut's 
bloom 
Blown  in  by  spiee-winds  from  the  West. 

Thou  hast  come  to  my  life  like  the  blossom- 
ing white 
By  which  the  green  fronds  of   the  aloe 
are  crown'd, 
When  the  waning  of  day  and  the  waning 
of  night 
The  roll  of  a  century  bringeth  'round. 
Thou  hast  come  to  my  life  like  an  oasis 
bright 
That  lies  fresh  in  a  wild  waste  of  sand— 
Thou'rt    my    "cloud    "by    the    day — my 
"  pillar"  by  night — 
That  guides  to  a  fair,  promised  land. 

the  single 


Thou  hast  come  to  my  life 

That  beams  on  the  robe 
Like    the    Glory    of    Bethlehem— sh 
afar— 
Or— the  Olive  Branch    brought    t( 
Arkl 
As  the  one  blessing  comes,  thou  hast 
to  my  life, 
Thou— the     truest— the     sweetest 
best; 
And  I  turn  to  thee  from  the  world's 
and  its  strife 
As  the  Hock  whose  deep  shade  me; 
KestI 


Dark- 


WILD  BIRDS. 

Lo  I  by  the  grave  of  one  I  loved 

I  bent  in  bitter  weeping, 
When  clear  in  air  there  rang  the  songa 

Of  birds,  where  he  lay  sleeping. 
Blithely  they  sang  unheeding  on — 

Unmoved  by  my  heart's  sadness  ; 
The  anguished  tears  that  wet  the  mold 

Chilled  not  their  i)£eans  of  gladness. 
It  seemed  so  strange  to  me,  to  see 

Mirth  and  Misery  meeting— 
And  over  a  lonely  grave  to  hear 

Joy  and  Grief  give  greeting  ! 
There  I  knelt  in  dark  despair 

My  dear  dead  deploring — 
Above  me,  far  in  upper  air, 

The  happy  birds  were  soaring. 


And  1 


Whi 


as  broke  my  plaintive  sobs 
precious  dust — 

eeping,  too- 


Faith,  beside  me 

Forgot  his  solemn   trust, 
Lo  !  from  the  shadowy  grasses  round, 

A  gay,  glad  bird  upspringing 
Cleft  the  clouds  and  heavenward  soared, 

Softly,  sweetly  singing. 

And  close  to  my  wretched  heart  I  clasped 

This  blessed,  bright  conviction— 
That  God's  dear  love  is  always  near 


deep  affli( 


And  just  as  out  of  silence  then 

Broke  the  song  of  the  little  bird. 
If  we  but  listen,  the  "  still  small  voice  " 

Of  love  is  ever  heard. 
And  out  of  every  darkness 

Thai  shades  our  lives  on  earth. 
There  is  a  day  of  brightness 

To  which  it  will  give  birth  ; 
And  so  we  do  observe  it^ 

To  faith  and  duty  clinging  ; 
Our  hearts,  like  birds  both  tar  and  wide, 

Will  fill  all  life  with  singing. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


MRS.  FLORENCE  ANDERSON  CLARK 
Was  born  in  Virginia,  but  brought  thence  at  so  tender  an  age  that  she  has 
never  known  any  but  her  "  Kentucky  home  ;  "  was  educated  by  her  fother, 
John  B.  Anderson,  a  Virginia  gentleman,  of  elegance  and  culture.  Her  first 
writings  were  prose  ;  and  her  first  book,  "  Zenaida,  a  Romance,"  was  pub- 
lished by  Lippincott  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  in  1860,  when  she  was  a  resident 
of  Paris,  Ky.  Her  first  poems  were  published  in  1858  and  '59;  "Blind 
Tom's  Music,"  in  the  Cincinnati  Enquirer,  July,  1865  ;  during  the  War,  some 
were  published  in  the  South,  and  in  London ;  since  then  she  has  contributed  to 
"  Southland  Writers,"  and  other  collections,  published  in  New  York.  In 
1869,  she  was  married  to  Capt.  James  B.  Clark,  editor  of  the  Kentucky 
People,  at  Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  and  her  pen  has  contributed  to  make  that  paper 
both  elegant  and  interesting,  in  poetry  and  prose. 

ANSWER    TO    "THE    MONEYLESS 
MAN." 

BY  MRS.  FLORENCE  ANDERSON  OLAEK. 

There  are  places,  not  secret,  where  Virtue 


has  birth, 
Where  Charity   dwells    on    this  beautiful 

Where  mercy  and  kindness  are  joined  hand 

in  hand, 
And  pity's  tear  falls  at  the  warm  heart's 

command. 
There  are  doors  that  the  least  gentle  knock 

will  unbar. 
And  others    that  swing  on    their    hinges 

ajar, 
Giving  egress  to  angels  who  lovingly  scan 
The  woes  and  the  wants  of  the  Moneyless 

Man. 

Does  he  work?'  Does    he   strive?     Is   he 

faithful  and  true  ? 
Does  he  know   what  man    has    done,  and 

what  he  may  do? 
Or  does   he  creep  on  with  the  sluggard's 

slow  pace. 
And  refuse  to  take  part  in  ambition's  proud 

race  ? 
Does  he    drink,  while  his   neighbor,  with 

whole  heart  and  soul. 
Is  giving  his  strength   to   be    first  at  the 

goal? 
If  such   bo  his  crimes,    pity   him    if  you 

Content  to  be  scorned  as  a  Moneyless  Man. 

Labor,  taught  by  the  brain,  with  its  strong 

skillful  hand 
Has  reared  princely  palaces  over  the  land. 
And  the  man  who  will  work,  will,  sooner 

or  late. 
Cease  to  sigh  like  a  vagrant,  at  some  rich 

man's  gate. 
With  purple  and  crimson  his   walls   may 


While  the  chandelier's  light  o'er  the  table 

is  flung  I 
With  a  heart  brave  and  free,  ere  he  j 

ures  life's  span, 
He'll  forget  that  he  e'er  was  a  Moneyless 

Man. 

There  are  churches  whose   loftiest  turret 

and  spire 
Have  sprung  from  the  depths  of  some  poor, 

boy's  desire  ; 
There  are  colleges,  hospitals,    founded  by 

those 
Who  knew,  at  the  outset,  stern  poverty's 

But  they  labored,  undaunted,  with  hand, 

heart,  and  brain, 
And  we  know  that  such  labor  is  never  m 


That  man  with  bis  millions. 

Was  known  upon  "  Change' 
less  Man. 


en  first  he 
a  Money- 


Did   he  call  on  the  Ravens  for  meat   and 

for  bread  ? 

Or  expect  that  his  wife  was  by  miracle  fed. 
While  be  spent  bis  leisure  in  looking  for 

Banks, 
That  would  lend  out  their  gold  for  a  poor 

devil's  thanks? 
Or  a  Court  where  the  law  was  so  cheap  i 

That  a  client  was  welcome  with   never  a 

fee? 
No — if  he  had  been  of  this  base,  thriftless 

He   too  would  have  died  as  a  Moneyless 
Man. 

Nor  do  portals  of  Paradise  open  for  ( 
Who   has  left  any  work  that  he  could  ( 

undone ! 
Its  honors,  its  blisses  await  the  true  men.l 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Who,  with  ten  talents  trusted,  have  made 

"  He  ra  worse  than  the  heathen  who   does 

not  provide 
For  his  own  ;  "  and  the  Judge  of  all  lives 

may  decide 
That,  brave  earnest  labor   being  part   of 

life's  plan. 
Heaven  has  no  rewards  for  thie  Moneyless 

1871. 


THE  WORLD  OF  THE  IDEAL. 

BY   FLOEESCE  ANDERSON. 

{Daa  Ideal  ist  daa  einzige  Paradies  aue 
toelchem  icir  nicht  getrieben  werdeti  koniien.) 

Oh  I  spirit-world  I  by  thy  golden  streams, 
I  sit  in  a  trance  of  delicious  dreams, 
A  magical  flush  in  the  air  doth  rest 
Soft  as  tie  tint  in  the  sea-shell's  breast. 


The   summer   ne'er    fades    in    thy    shady 

bowers, 
And    long   bright  branches  of  clustering 

flowers 
Trail  thick  over  paths  by  the  river's  side, 
As  if  wooed  by  the  murmurs  of  the  tide. 

There  is  no  sun  in  the  blue  above. 
And  yet  a  glow,  like  the  light  of  love, 
Diffuses  its  radinace  over  all, 
And  binds  the  spirit  in  magic  thrall. 

The  air  is  stirred  by  a  faint,  soft  breeze, 
There 's  a  sound  like  the  humming  of  myr- 
iad bees, 


And  oft  to  the  listening  ear  doth  float 
The  exquisite  swell  of  a  song-bird's  note. 

No  friendship  ever  may  enter  there 
That  would  feel  a  taint  in  the  soft,  pure 

No  lover  intrude  on  the  hallowed  spot 
Whose  vows  are  unheeded  or  forgot. 

No  votary  kneel  on  thy  holy  sod 
Whose  soul  is  traitor  to  his  God  1 
Nothing  unholy,  nothing  untrue. 
Can   dwell   'neatb  that  arch    of   stainless 
blue. 

But  friends,  whose  tender  and  loving  smile 
Can  all  remembrance  of  grief  beguile. 
Walk  with  the  spirit,  and  share  its  joy. 
Unmixed  with  envy's  base  alloy. 

And  poets  tune  their  mystic  lyres 
Where  slumber  sacred  hidden  fires, 
And,  skilled  in  music's  subtlest  lore, 
Unfathomed  depths  of  the  soul  explore. 

To  the  fair  aurora-tinted  heights 

Of   the    world    beyond,    they    wing    their 

flights, 
And  stand  and  beckon  from  their  bauds 
The  Angels  of  the  immortal  lands. 

They  sing  of  beauty,  of  love,  of  youth. 
The  value  of  life,  the  power  of  truth, 
Of  all  things  holy,  of  all  things  pure. 
Which  shall  eternally  endure. 

Such  bowers  of  rest  do  the  Angels  plan 
For  the  earth-worn  weary  soul  of  man, 
And  none  has  the  power  to  disinherit, 
From  its  world  of  dreams,  the  ideal  spirit. 


MBS.  ANNIE  CHAMBERS  KETCHUM 
Wag  born  in  Scott  CO.,  Ky,,  near  Georgetown,  about  1830 ;  her  father,  Benj. 
S.  Cliambers,  a  lawyer  of  brilliant  oratorical  powers  and  lively  wit;  her 
mother  a  daughter  of  one  of  the  brothers  Bradford,  whose  enterprise  and  pub- 
lic spirit,  when  other  efforts  failed,  established  tlie  first  newspaper  west  of 
the  Alleghenies,  the  Kentucky  Gazette,  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  in  August,  1787. 
Her  educational  advantages  were  of  the  very  best.  She  was  twice  married ; 
about  1844,  to  William  Bradford,  and  about  1859,  to  Leo  Ketchum,  of  Ten- 
nessee, who  gave  his  life  to  the  "  Lost  Cause  "  on  the  fatal  field  of  Shiloh. 

Of  her  genius  as  a  poet,  the  Lexington  Press  says :  "  Mrs.  Ketchum's 
Christmas  ballad  "  Benny  ''  has  become  a  household  song  in  all  lands,  and 
alone  would  immortalize  her ;  but  her  later  poems  bear  evidence  that  she  has 
been  an  earnest  and  enthusiastic  student.  "  Semper  Fidelis,"  in  the  Octo- 
ber number  (1873)  of  Harper's  Magazine,  is  pronounced  one  of  the  most  fin- 
ished productions  of  American  literature;  and  "Dolores,"  "Waiting,"  and 
"  Amabere  Me,"  are  gems  of  the  finest  type."  A  volume  of  her  poems  is 
passing  through  the  press  at  New  York  (April,  1874). 


G04 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


SEMPER  FIDELIS. 

BY    ANNIE    CHAMBERS    KETCHUM. 

She  stands    alone   on    the    rose-wreathed 
porch, 
Gazing  with  star-like  eyes 
On  the  white  moon  lighting  a  silver  torch 

In  the  glowing  western  skies, 
While  her  cheeks  and  her  tresses  kindle 
and  scorch 
In  the  sunset's  fiery  dyes. 
Her   broad    straw  hat,  with    its    loosened 
bands, 
Falls  from  her  shoulders  down  ; 
Idly  she  frees  her  slender  hands 

From  their  garden  gauntlets  brown, 
And  smiles  as  she  smooths  her  hair's  bright 
strands 
And  looks  toward  the  distant  town. 

High  overhead,  round   the  tower's  bright 
vane. 

The  circling  swallows  swoop  ; 
Tinkling  along  the  bowery  lane 

The. loitering  cattle  troop 
To  drink,   with  the  snow-white  youqua- 

W'here  Babylon  willows  droop. 
Black  as  jet  in  the  sunset's  gold 

Loom  spire  and  buttressed  wall; 
Soft  as  a  veil  o'er  the  tangled  wold 

The  twilight  shadows  fall, 
While  the  white  mists  rise  from  the  valley 

And  climb  to  the  mountains  tall. 

Now  bounding  out  to  the  rustic  stile, 

Now  crouching  at  her  feet. 
Her  setter's  bright  eyes  wait  the  while 

Till  hers  shall  bid  him  fleet 
Down  the  dim  forest's  scented  aisle, 

With  wild-wood  odors  sweet. 
Of  what  is  she  thinking,  while  her  hand 

Caresses  the  fond  old  hound, 
Fidelio,  whelped  in  Switzerland, 

And  trained  on  Tuscan  ground, 
His  throat  still  wearing  a  golden  band 

By  kingly  fingers  bound  ? 
Semper  fidclis  :  on  the  clasp 

The  glittering  legend  shines 
As  when  the  giver  linked  the  hasp 

•s  The  familiar  name — derived  by  the 
Spaniards  from  the  Indians— for  the  beau- 
tiful lotus  flowers  that  adorn  the  lakes  and 
lagoons  in  all  tropical  countries  of  the 
Western  world. 


leath  Conca  d'Oro's  vines. 
Then,  silent,  sailed  where  torrents  rasp 

le  pine-girt  Apennines. 
She  hears  again  St.  Rosalie's  bell, 

From  Pelegrino's  height ; 
Ave  the  fishers'  voices  swell 

Across  the  waters  bright. 
While,  incense-like,  from  the  Golden  Shell 

Rose  odors  bless  the  night. 
From  Posilippu's  poet  shrine. 

Haunted  by  flower  and  bee, 
She  sees  the  peaks  of  Capri  shine 

On  the  rim  of  the  sparkling  sea  ; 
She  sings  'neath  Ischia's  fig  and  vine  ; 

She  dreams  in  Pompeii. 
Where  soft  Venezia's  mellow  bells 

Float  o'er  the  silver  tide, 
Where  bright  Callirhoe's  diamond  wells 

Deck  dry  Ilissus'  side. 
Or  where,  down  the  sandy  Syriiin  dells, 

The  wild  scarfed  Bedouins  ride- 
Bright  as  in  those  long-parted  days, 

Fair  classic  scene  and  song, 
In  all  their  magical,  phantom  grace, 

Back  to  her  memory  throng, 
Yet  framing  ever  one  thoughtful  face 

Their  arabesque  among. 

Swallow  and  tower  and  tree  forgot. 

She  spans  the  chasm  of  years  ; 
She  talks  with  him  by  shrine  and  grot 

Of  human  hopes  and  fears — 
Of  lives  spent  nobly,  without  a  blot. 

Of  blots  washed  clean  by  tears. 
Brilliant  and  proud  that  dazzling  train 

In  the  classic  lands  so  fair- 
Pilgrims  gay  from  the  sparkling  Seine 

And  the  cliS's  of  Finisterre  ; 
The  Austrian   pale,  and  the   fair-haired 
Dane, 

And  the  Kentish  lady  rare: 
Yet  he  turned  away  with  sober  grace 

From  each  haughty  titled  hand, 
And  sought  the  light  of  a  charming  face 

From  the  distant  sun-lit  strand. 
Where  a  tamarind-shaded  river  lays 

Its  floors  of  golden  sand. 

Title  nor  diadem  was  hers. 

Yet— true  to  truth,  0  fame  !— 
No  record  of  bards  or  chroniclers 

E  'er  roused  a  readier  claim 
To  the  good  man's  love  or  the  cowards 
fears 

Than  her  simple  Saxon  name. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


So  dowered  in  her  own  pure  womanhood, 

Regal  in  soul  as  in  air. 
Where  coronets  flashed  with    their   ruby 
flood, 

And  crowned  with  their  diadems  rare, 


.  queen  among  qu 


she  stood, 


Crow 


,ided  ha 


Yet  ever,  albeit  with  trembling  lips, 
One  answer  o  'er  and  o  'er— 

While  her  bright  eyes  suffered  a  strange 
eclipse- 
She  giive  to  the  vows  he  bore  : 

Troth  plighted  afar,  where  the  wild  surf 


the  cliffs  of  a  Weste 


,  sho 


What  though  she  felt  with  keen  despair 

She  had  grown  from  that  childish  vow  ; 
That  the  plodder  who  won  it,  though  earn- 
est, bare 

That   the   wreath   soon  to  gleam  on    her 
golden  hair 
Would  circle  an  aching  brow? 

What  though   he  urged  that    the  demon 
Pride 

And  the  tyrants  Chance  and  Youth 
Forge  chains  that  forever  should  be  defied 

For  the  deathless  spirit's  ruth  ; 
That  a  false  creed's  logic  should  be  denied 

For  the  majesty  of  truth  7 
Silent,  she  showed  him  the  quaint  old  ring 

On  her  twisted  chatelaine— 
A  soldier's  gift  from  a  grateful  king — 

With  its  legend's  lesson  plain, 
To  be  worn,  whatever  the  soul  might  wring, 

Bravely,  without  a  stain. 

Shine  on  her  softly,  white  moon,  to-night  I 

Thnu,  only  thou,  dost  know 
How  she  kept,  true    child  of   the    belted 
knight 

Who  won  it  long  ago, 
That  ring's  stern  semper  Jidelis  bright 

And  clean  as  the  Jura  snow. 
Softly  !  thou  heard'st  the  deep  sea  break 

At  the  foot  of  the  terrace  sward. 
When  she  said,  while   the  words  of  their 
doom  she  spake. 

No  fate  need  he  reckoned  hard, 
Since  duty,  well  done  for  duli/'a  sake, 

h  ever  its  own  reward. 
Softly  !  next  morn  thy  wraith  in  the  skies 

Looked  down  on  a  wraith  as  pale. 
Transfixed  and  deaf  to  Fidelio's  cries 


As  he  ramped  on  the  terrace  rail, 
And  bayed  the  sea,  where  his   mistress's 
eyes 
Followed  a  fading  sail. 

Kingdoms  hare  risen  and  fallen  since  then  ; 

Prelate  and  prince  have  found 
Both  altar  and  throne  the  scolf  of  men, 

And  glory's  dazzling  round 
Summed  up,  to  one  thoughtful  spirit's  ken, 

In  the  life  of  a  silken  hound  : 

One  spirit  on  field  or  council  floor 

Of  first  and  best  repute, 
Spotless  amid  the  strife  and  roar 

Of  mad  ambition's  suit, 
Still  finding  the  worm  at  the  bitter  core 

Of  kingcraft's    golden  fruit; 

And  pausing"'mid  victory's  din,  perchance, 

Or  the  hazard  game  of  power. 
To  dream  of  a  sea  where    the    sunbeams 

And  the  white  clouds  sail  or  lower — 

While  she  who  turned  from  a  throne  away, 

In  steadfast  royal  truth. 
Stemming  the  tide  she  might  not  stay 

For  duty  as  for  ruth. 
Hath  wrought  in  a  miracle  day  by  day 

The  promise  of  her  youth. 

Till  the  one  for  whom  she  gave  up  the  ways 
Of  a  life  with  high  hopes  fraught, 

And  chose  a  jjlace  with  the  commonplace, 
The  spell  of  her  spirit  caught, 

And  the  lustrous  gold  of  a  noble  grace 
With  his  coarser  fibre  wrought. 

Bright  with  all  eloquent  potent  things, 


Thi: 


lof  c 


Ebon  and  palm  from  the  desert's  springs. 
With  the  marble  gods  of  Greece  ; 

Conch  and  coral  and  painted  wings 
Of  birds  from  Indian  seas; 

Hemlet  and  shield  in  the  frescoed  hall, 

Bronzes  beside  the  door, 
Clefts  where  the  cool  clear  waters  fall. 

Waves  on  the  lonely  shore, 

lossom  and  cloud  and  mountain,  all 

Teaching  their  sacred  lore. 

Sweet  from  the  gnarled  black  ebony  wood 
Flowers  the  fragrant  snow; 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Pure  from  their  rocky  solitude 

The  singing  fountains  flow; 
Fair  'neath  the  chisel  sharp  and  rude 

The  living  marbles  grow  : 

So  blessings  begot  of  the  wakening  morn 
And  the  peace  of  midnight  skies. 

Feature  and  form  and  voice  adorn, 
And  shine  in  their  amber  eyes, 

Aglow  with  the  deathless  beauty  born 
Of  stern  self-sacrifice. 

Shine  on  her  softly,  as  she  stands 

To  catch  the  signal  light 
From  a  father,  who  waits  beside  the  sands 

To  see  o  'er  the  waters  bright 
A  ship  sail  in  from  the  classic  lands 

With  a  gallant  child  to-night. 

A  sudden  gleam  through  the  alleys  green — 

Fidelio  flies  apace  ; 
Glad  voices   float  on  the  air  serene. 

And  then  the  fond  embrace 
Of  a  boy,  with  his  father's  quiet  mien 

And  his  mother's  radiant  face. 

They  sit  'neath  the  crystal  chandelier. 

And  list  with  smiling  eyes 
As  he  talks  of  the  Alpine  yodel  clear, 

Of  the  pifferan's  cries, 
Of  the  lazy  song  of  the  gondolier, 

Of  Hellas'  golden  skies  ; 

Then,  sad,  of  the  carnage  in  fair  Moselle — 

Of  his  school- fellows  shattered  wide, 
When  the  convent  was  shattered  by  shot 
and  shell, 
Its  portals  wrenched  aside, 
Where  Saxon  and  Frank  who  fought  and 
fell 
Were  gathered  side  by  side. 


Then  one  and  another  strange  romance 
Of  the  battle's  ruthless  test; 

And,  last,  the  tale  of  a  princely  lance 
With  the  death-wound  on  his  breast. 

Clasping  close,  with  a  star-like  glance, 
A  portrait  beneath  his  vest. 


"  No  one  its  history  could  trace  ; 
None  knew  it  except  the  dead. 
One  of  the  priests — who  had  served  his 

The  night  before  we  fled 
Gave  me  the  picture,  because  the  face 
Was  so  like  mine,"  he  said. 


A  gold-framed  portrait  with  vermil  dyes  : 

A  woman,  standing  pale 
In  the  glow  of  soft  Sicilian  skies. 

And  a  hound  on  the  terrace  rail 
Baying  the  sea,  where  his  mistress's  eyes 

Follow  a  fading  sail. 


They  have  sung  with  the  boy  a  welcome 
back  ; 

They  have  chanted  the  evening  psalm  ; 
The  swallows  sleep  in  the  turret  black. 

The  winds  in  the  desert  palm  ; 
Silence  broods  o  'er  the  bay's  bright  track. 

And  the  mountains  cold  and  calm. 


The  spicy  breath  of  the  deepening  night 

Floats  through  the  oriel  fair, 
As   the  moon  looks  in  with  her  parting 
light. 

And  rests  with  her  silver  rare. 
Beneath  the  bust  of  a  mail-clad  knight, 

On  a  woman  bowed  in  prayer. 


THOMAS    JOHNSON,   JUN., 

Familiarly  known  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century  as  the  "  Drunken 
Poet  of  Danville,"  was  probably  a  native  of  Virginia,  born  about  1760,  and 
removed  to  Kentucky  in  1786.  His  little  pamphlet  of  doggerel  satires,  enti- 
tled "  The  Kentucky  Miscellany," — of  which  the  only  copy  we  know  of  is  in 
the  collection  of  Rev.  L.  W.  Seely,  D.  D.,  of  Frankfort,  of  the  fourth  edition, 
36  pages,  24mo.,  and  published  at  Lexington  in  1821 — bears  internal  evi- 
dence that  some  of  the  familiar  and  personal  pieces  were  indited  in  1786-87, 
one  probably  as  early  as  1776,  but  how  much  later  does  not  appear.  This 
only  copy  of  the  pamphlet  we  have  seen  is  mouse-eaten  at  one  corner,  and 
some  of  the  best  pieces  partially  lost.  The  following  are  preserved  here,  not 
for  their  merit,  but  for  their  mischievous  humor  and  as  indications  of  the 
times.     [See  under  Boyle  county,  in  Volume  II.] 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


607 


ON  PARSON 

WHO  EEPUSEDTO  PERFORM  DIVINE  SERVICES 
TILL  HIS  ARREARS  WERE  PAID. 

Ye  fools,  I  toIJ  you  once  or  twice, 

You'd  hear  no  more  from  canting  R e  ; 

He  can  not  settle  his  affairs, 
Nor  pay  attention  unto  prayers, 
Unless  you  pay  up  your  arrears. 
Oh,  how  he  could  in  pulpit  storm. 
And  fill  all  bell  with  dire  alarm  I 
Vengeance  pronounced  against  each  vice. 
And,  more  than  all,  cursed  avarice  ; 
Preached  money  was  the  root  of  ill ; 
Consigned  each  rich  man  unto  hell ; 
But  since  he  finds  you  will  not  pay. 
Both  rich  and  poor  may  go  that  way. 
It  is  no  more  than  I  expected — 
The  meeting-house  is  now  neglected. 
All  trades  are  subject  to  this  chance, 
No  longer  pipe,  no  longer  dance. 

A  PANEGYRIC  ON  DR.  FIELDS. 

EXTRACT. 

Oh,  could  I  reach  the  true  sublime  1 
With  energy  of  thought,  in  rhyme, 
My  verse  should  far  inscribe  thy  name, 
In  standing  monuments  of  fame  ; 
Long  as  my  life  its  course  should  run. 


Till  all  the  fatal  thread  be  spun  ; 
Each  morning  early  as  I  rise, 
Each  evening  ere  I  close  my  eyes  ; 
When  I  adore  the  Unseen  Above 
In  whom  I  live  and  whom  I  love, 
And  pay  the  reverential  praise 
For  all  the  blessings  of  my  days, — 
In  that  memorial  first  shall  stand 
His  mercy  by  thy  saving  hand  ; 
'Bove  all  the  joys  that  fortune  yields, 
I  bless  my  God  for  Doctor  Fields. 


THE  AUTHOR'S  OWN  EPITAPH. 

Underneath  this  marble  tomb, 
In  endless  shades  lies  drunken  Tom  ; 
Here  safely  moor'd,  dead  as  a  log. 
Who  got  his  death  by  drinking  grog. 
By  whisky  grog  he  lost  his  breath — 
Who  would  not  die  so  sweet  a  death  ! 


EPITAPH 

ON  COL.  WILLIAM  CHRISTIAN,  KILLED   BV  IN- 
DIANS, 1786. 

To  great  and  noble  things,  a  transient  date 
And  sudden  downfall  is  decreed  by  fate  I 
AVitness  the  man  who  here  in  silence  lies, 
Whom  monarchs  might  have  viewed  with 
envious  eyes. 


*Note. — Rev.  David  Rice  ("  Father"  Rice,  he  was  generally  called)  "  had  purchased 
land  on  the  faith  of  his  congregation  guaranteeing  the  payment ;  but  this  was  deferred, 
until  the  sons  had  forgotten  the  promises  of  their  fathers,  and  the  sheriff  held  up 
before  his  eyes  the  terror  of  imprisonment  for  debt.  While  in  this  morbid  state  he 
refused,  on  a  certain  communion  occasion,  to  administer  the  sacrament  at  Dan- 
ville—on the  ground  that  it  was  not  right  to  admit  to  the  holy  table  persons  who  were 
unfaithful  to  their  engagements.  A  great  sensation  was  the  consequence  ;  disatis- 
faction  vented  itself  in  loud  murmurs  ;  he  became  the  song  of  the  drunkard  ;  and 
pasquinades  were  afiixed  to  the  church  door,  whose  doggerel  rhymes  were  remem- 
bered and  repeated  for  many  years  .  .  .  Mr.  Rice  was  often  in  great 
straits,  like  many  others  of  his  brethren,  for  want  of  an  adequate  support ;  and  his 
family  would  h.ave  been  reduced  to  a  crust  of  bread,  had  it  not  been  for  the  seas- 
onable friendship  of  one  man." — Davidson^  Hist,  of  Pres.  Church  in  Jvy. 


REV.  JOUETT  VERNON  COSBY, 
A  citizen  of  Bardstown,  Ky.,  since  1847,  but  a  native  of  Staunton,  Va.,  was 
born  July  8,  1816 — son  of  Dabney  Cosby,  and  grandson  of  two  revolutionary 
soldiers.  He  was  educated  at  Hampden  Sidney  College ;  read  a  thorough 
oourse  of  law,  but  abandoned  it  for  theology ;  pursued  his  studies  for  the  min- 
istry at  Union  Seminary,  Va.,  and  at  Princeton,  N.  J. ;  preached  for  three 
years  in  North  Carolina  and  Virginia,  and  in  1847  was  called  to  Bards- 
town, where  he  still  lives  (April,  1874).  Mr.  Cosby  has  written  many 
fugitive  pieces,  but  only  one  poem  of  any  considerable  length,  "  (  onsecra- 
tion,"  published  in  pamphlet  form,  51  pp.,  12mo.,  in  April,  1S74,  from 
which  we  give  several  extracts : 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


I. 

"A  GENTLE  wind,  unvoiced 

Along  its  viewless  way, 
By  chance  smote  on  a  Lily  bell 

Wherein  a  Dew-drop  lay  ;— 
The  drop,  in  perfumed  fragments  fell, 

And,  whispering  in  my  ears, 
The  Spring  wind  sigh'd  and  sweetly  said 

'  I've  kissed  a  Beauty's  tears. ' 
II. 
"  That  wind  was  as  my  thought 

Which  wandered  here  and  there, 
Loving,  but  restless  not  to  find 

A  love-shrine  any-where. 
Till  smiting  on  thy  love-dewed  heart 

The  spell  of  silence  broke, 
And  through   the  chambers  of  my  soul 

Exquisite  music  woke." 
1848. 


CONSECRATION :    A  POEM. 

BY    J.    T.  COSBY. 

This  poem  depicts  the  noblest  type 
of  woman,  from  that  morn  of  life 
when 

"  Neither  outward    form,   nor   on- 
ward thought, 
Kevealment  of    that    being's    might  had 

bought;  " 
when 
"  The  soul  was    there  a  heavenly   toned 

lye 
Unsmitten  yet  its  music  to  inspire  •,'\ 
onward,  through  joys  and  sorrows,  till 
"In  God's  threefold  furnace  tried. 
Earth's  refinement  purified; 
Till  the  fineness  of  the  gold 
Equals  that  we  shall  behold 
In  the  New  Jerusalem  I 
Consecrated  twice  ; 
Oh  I  consecrated  thrice — 
Maiden,  Mother,  Widow — now 
A  new  name  is  on  her  brow ; 
Written  on  its  pearly  white 
As  no  mortal  hand  can  write." 
The  simple,  touching  "annals"  of 
this  "  Maiden,  Mother.'^Widow"  is  the 
story  which  this  poet  sings. 
Twilight,  nature's  pensive  queen, 
Throned  upon  her  favored  hour. 
In  such  drapery  clothed  the  scene 


As  no  hnnd  but  her's  has  power; 
Mingling  hues  like  these  to  graec. 

Of  joyous  earth  and  heavenward  fling. 
A  charm  that  poet  may  not  sing. 

Nor  hand  of  limner  trace. 
On  the  hills  the  golden  light 

Like  a  dream  of  beauty  lay — 
Shadow  borrowed  from  the  night — 

Splendor  lingering  from  the  day. 
Mellow  clouds,  gray,  gold,  and  blue, 
Crowned  the  near  horizon's  view 
Curtains  wrought  by  day  to  hold 

(Tho'  ever  changing,  fold  on  fold) 
The  portals  of  the  sky,  and  raise 
A  beacon  to  the  spirit's  gaze. 
Which  seems  to  tell  the  fond  heart  where 
The    boundaries    lie     'twixt     Here    and 
There. 

We,  sleeping,   dream,    and   waking,  can 

not  name 
The  phantom  shape  that  to  our  dreaming 

camel 
Be  it  a  token,  thus  divinely  lent. 
Of  good  a  pledge,  of  ill  a  warning  sent; 
Or  exhalation,  rising  from  earth's  soil, 
Jlid  heat  and  cold,  along  our  path  of  toil; 
It  dwells  apart,  a  shadow  without  light — 
A  sadness  now,  and  then  a  pure   delight, 
A  deed  unwrought,  a  song  without  a  tone, 
A  scene  in  life  that  life  has  never  known — 
We  take  no  thought,  whate'er  its  promise 

seem, 
But  pass  along  and  say,  'tis  but  a  dream  ! 
—And  what  are  these  throng'd  visions  of 

the  soul 
That    fill    our   waking    thoughts    beyond 

control  I 
These  bless'd  ideals  of  a  beauteous  place 
Where  earthly  forms  are  shaped  in  heav- 
enly grace ; 
Where  human  hearts  may  beat  but  never 

break. 
And  every  pulse  but  that  of  sorrow  take; 
Wherp   golden   hours    have   hue  of    rosy 

dawn, 
Forever  coming,  and  yet  never  gone  I 
Where    deathless  love,  made  passionless 

by  power. 
Becomes,  at  last,  the  soul's  consummate 

dower:— 
This  hope  Immortal,  wreath'd  around  the 

heart 
With    life's  first  pulse,  and  of  our  being 

part; 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Which  builds  its  City  glorious  in  the  skies, 
Beyond  the  sphere  where  Death's  domin- 


Which, 


ent,  hears  the  word  of  Christly 


love 


Of  mansions  in  the  Father-house  above ; 
And,  rapturing,  looks  beyond  the  starry 

dome 
And  hails  the  soul's  grand  shrine,  Eter- 
nal Home? 
Is  this  a  dream  ? — 

VI. 

Hid  in  the  splendor  of   unvision'd  light 

That  day  of  Revealing  is  tarrying  yet ; 

But   its    promise    of    glory   awakens    th 

night, 

Its  star  on  the  brow  of  the  morning  is 

set. 

The  stir  of  the  Nations,  as  waking  from 

Is  portent  of  storm,  like  the   moan  c 
the  sea, 
Giving  sign   of  unrest  from  its  solitudi 

Ere  the  wind   wake  its   waves   to  fierce 

revelry. 
The  storm  of  the  Nations  will  gather  at 
length, 
Till   Destiny  point  to  the  moment   of 
wrath  ; 
And    then,   in  the   might  of  its   terrible 
strength, 
Sweep  down,  with  the  vengeance  of  God 

IX. 
— And   here   a   Home,    where    might    be 

traced. 
Full  many  a  sign  of  cultured  taste  ; 
Where  affluent  hand  and  skillful  art. 
With  nature  wrought  in  every  part, 
Creating  beauty  which  should  be 
A  form  of  living  harmony  I 
And  yet  the  magic  of  the  place 
Was  not  its  form  of  outward  grace ; 
The  charm  that  made  it  half  divine 
Was  wrought  beside  its  inner  shrine. 
Where  love's  sweet  fountains  'waken  first 
And    from    their     hidden     heart-springs 

burst ; 
Where  first  the  harp  of  life  is  strong 
And  measure  of  its  psalm  first  sung; — 
Where  first  from  artless  lips  is  heard 
That  Talisman  of  Love,  in  word, — 
Where,  wrapp'd  in  unconsuming  flame. 
Is  first  revcal'd  earth's  sacred  name. 
Mother  1 

I.. .39 


XV. 

Ahl  "Home,  SweetHomel  "  thy  never 

weary  lay 
Enchants  us  ever  thro'  our  youthful  day, 
And  age,  with   faltering  lips,  would  still 

prolong 
The  tuneful  numbers  of  thy  happy  song  ! 
And  when  the  heart  has  grown  too  sear  to 

feel 
The  Winter  chill  along  the  pulses  steal. 
And  dead  to  Summer  of  the  passing  years, 
The  rare,  scant  Summer  that  to  ago   ap- 

It  thrills   to  hear,  and   strives   to   wake 

The  life-warm  numbers  of  thy  passion'd 

And  thine,  0  mother,  consecrated  queen, 
And  beauteous  light  of  every  home-bright 

Pictured    in    hearts,     whose     substance 

wrought  of  thine. 
Is  of  immortal  souls  the  wondrous  shrine — 
Souls   born   on  earth,,  but  native  to  the 

skies — 
Thy  name  is  one  whose  glory  never  dies  ; — 
For   when    the    tongue    that    learn'd    its 

speech  of  thee, 
Can  speak  no  more  its  earthly  melody; 
In  that   fair  realm  where  life  delights  to 

range 
Beyond  all  bound  of  death,  and  fear   of 


cha 


'ge, 


Free  as  the  light  far-flashing  from  a  star, 
Pure  as  the  pure  where  all  celestial  are, — 
There  shall   awake,   in    love's   melodious 

tone 
That  angel  harp  may  crave  to   make  its 

Thy  hallow'd  name,  to  linger  'mid  those 

spheres 
Echoed  in  beauty  without  change  of  years  ! 

X. 
I  heard — it  was  the  saddest  sound 
That  ever  made  my  pulse  to  bound — 
I  heard  the  heavy  booming  gun. 
And  wept  and  pray'd  till  set  of  sun: — 
And  then  they  came — Ah  me  I  the  thought 
With  bitterness  of  death  is  fraught  I 
Well, — then  they  brought  my  loved  ones 

But  not  to  me : — they  had  not  come 
To  clasp  me  in  love's  warm  embrace, 
To  wipe  the  tear  stains  from  my  face, 
To  tell  me  tidings  of  the  day. 
And  smile  my  idle  fears  away. — 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  EENTUCKY. 


XI. 

— Her  face  the  hue  of  anguish  took, 
Her  frame  a  sob  convulsive  shook, — 
A  thunder  of  the  heart,  that  breaks 
The  gathered  cloud  of   grief,  and  shakes 
The  tear-drop  from  the  heavy  eyes. 
As  lightning  smites  the  storm-clad  skies  I 
She  wept,  and  so  the  heart's  dry  plain 
AVas  freshened  by  the  tearful  rain. 
—The  sorrow-storm  swept  by,  and   then, 
"With  outward  calm,  she  spoke  again. 

XII. 
I  gazed  upon  them  as  they  lay — 
My  jewels  both — father  and  son  I 
It  seemed  my  heart  was  still  as  they. 
Had  ceased  to  beat  and  turned  to  clay  ; 
"  Oh  God,  Thy  holy  will  be  done. 
Bat  this  is  hard," — I  did  not  say  ; 
I  had  no  thought,  no  heart  to  pray, 
Nor  lips  to  murmur, — they  were  sealed 
In  presence  of  such  fate  revealed, 
— So   strange  it   seemed  1 — They  were  so 

And  yet  so  still ! — They  were  so  dear. 
And  in  the  measure  given  back 
Of  true  heart's  love,  there  was  no  lack 
In  word  or  deed !     This  silence — change, 
This  stillness  was  unearthly  strange  I 


They  seemed  to  have  fall'n  into  a  sleep 
Awe-full,  because  it  was  so  deep. 
Sometimes,  the  vision  of  my  thought 
With  fear  and  love  was  so  much  wrought, 
I  fancied  still  the  swell  of  breath 
Was  heaving  on  those  breasts  of  death. 
But  this  was  fancy  of  the  night 
That  vanished  at  the  touch  of  light. 
Then  came  strange  joyance  to  my  heart; 
I  knew  my  dead  and  I  must  part, — 
But  this  was  mine — 'twould  be  relief, 
'Twould  be  some  solace  to  my  grief 
To  shroud,  and  see  the  earth-sod  close 
In  honor  on  their  last  repose  ! — 
— They  to  the  grave — the  living,  we, 
A  widow'd  wife  and  children  three. 
Must  'bide— alas  I    I  did  not  know 


I  thought  'twould  be  my  daily  lot 

In  mournful  joy  to  tend  the  spot. 

The  precious  earth  where  should  be  laid 

My  dead  beneath  the  Ilome-trees'  shade. 

—Ah,  thus  how  often  Hope  divines 

Even  as  the  loving  heart  inclines, 

Nor  asks,  indeed,  for  better  proof 

To  hold  its  dream  a  thing  of  truth  ! 

So  now  it  was — so  came  to  me 

That  morn  of  earth's  bleak  destiny. 


MRS.  ALICE  SMITH  -WINSTOX, 
Nie  Smith,  a  native  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  but  since  1850,  a  resident  of  Cov- 
ington, Ky.,  except  about  two  years  spent  in  Boone  co.,  is  a  lady  of  elegant 
culture,  of  iine  poetic  taste,  and  as  retiring  and  modest  about  the  productions 
of  her  pen  as  she  is  beautiful  in  person.  The  earliest  published  pieces  we 
have  seen,  all  short,  were  written  about  1860,  some  years  after  her  marriage 
to  Alex.  V.  Winston,  a  Cincinnati  merchant;  and  gave  promise  of  the  undis- 
guised popularity  of  many  of  her  pieces  over  the  signature  of  "  Ecila,"  in 
the  .Cincinnati  Enquirer.  Her  latest  pieces  have  been  over  another  signa- 
ture. From  the  limited  number  of  pieces  we  find  preserved  by  an  apprecia- 
tive friend,  the  following  are  selected  as  among  the  sweetest,  but  are  prob- 
ably not  the  best  or  most  original  in  expression : 


With  its  staircase  so  steep,  and  its  ceil- 
ings so  low; 

0,  clap  hands,  my  darling,  to-morrow  we 
go! 

To-morrow  the  pigeons  will  coo  all  in  vain 

For  baby's  pink  hands  will  not  feed  them 
again. 

The  little  brown  house  will  be  empty  and 
still. 

And  only  the  whirr  of  the  busy  old  mill, 

Or  noise  of  the  crook,  or  the  murmur  of 
bees, 

Or  warble  of    birds   in  the   old   orchard 


THE  LITTLE  BROWN  HOUSE. 

BY   ALICE   SMITH  WINSTON. 

In  the  little  brown  house  where  the  mosses 

had  grown 
O'er  the  roof  and  the  «aves,  like  a  soft 

velvet  gown, 
A  mother  once  sat  with   her  babe  on  her 

knee, 
Kocking  backward  and  forth  as  she  sang 

merrily, 
"  Oh,  baby,  we're  going  forever  away 
From    this    little    brown    house,   with    its 

shadows  so  gray. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Wake    echoes    familiar    around    the  old 

home, 
AH    empty   within,   and  all  dusky    with 

gloom  1 
The  spiders  may  work  just  as  hard  as  they 

And  curtain  with  cob-webs  each  diamond- 
shaped  pane. 

For  baby's  bright  face  will  be  peeping  no 
more 

Through  vines  which  are  shading  the 
window  and  door. 

Clap  hands,  my  wee    darling,   to-morrow 

Where  ceilings  are  high,  and  where  stair- 
way is  steep  ; 

But  sometime  we'll  come  in  the  June  eve- 
ning's still. 

And  visit  the  little  brown  house  by  the 
mill." 


To  the  little  brown  house  where  the  mosses 
seemed  sewn 

O'er  the  eaves  and  the  roof,  like  a  green 
velvet  gown. 

The  lone  mother  comes,  and  she  thinks 
drearily 

Of  the  days  which  are  not,  and  she  sings 
wearily, 

"Ah  I  baby  you've  gone — gone,  forever 
away 

From  the  little  brown  house  with  its  shad- 
ows so  gray  ! 

The  pigeons  come  round  me  and  coo  all  in 

For  baby's  pink  hands  may  not  feed  them 

again  I 
I  peep  through   the  window — no   baby  is 

there— 
I  call  you,  my  darling — but  echoes  I  hear  ! 
The   webs    on   the   windows  seem   crapes 

which  are  tied 
To  keep  out  the  sunshine  since  baby  has 

died  ! 
Ah  !  mother  would  give  all  she  owns  just 

Where  the  ceilings  are  low  and  the  staircase 

With  you  on  my  breast,  as  we  used  to  sleep 

You   smiled   in    my    face    in    your    baby 

dreams  then — 
Ere  I  pined  for  the  grander  house  over 

the  stream 
Where  you    passed   from    my    life    like  a 

beautiful  dream  1 


But  mother  has  learned  it  is  not  outward 

things 
Which  give  the  heart  rest,  hut  contentment, 

which  flings 
A   halo   round  life,  which,  like  sunshine 

will  creep 
O'er  walls   without   gildings,  and   stairs 

which  are  steep." 
July  18,  1870. 

AFTER  THE  SUMMER. 

BT     ALICE     SMITH     WINSTON. 

Over  some  plants,  faded  and  yellow, 
Where  no  beams  fell,  golden  and  mellow; 
Where  spiders  wove  over  their  mosses 


Skeleton  leav 


spu 


ith  their  floss 


Soft  as  the  down  blown  from  the  thistle 
By  a  bee's  wing,  or  a  bird's  whistle  ; 
Over  these  plants  (children  of  Summer), 
Yesterday  flew  Spring's  busy  hummer 
Searching   for    sweets.     "Seek    for   them 

rather 
Where,  'round  some  bud,  Autumn  beams 

gather, 
AVarming  the  leaves  left  by  the  Summer; 
There  is  thy  place,  blithe  little  hummer;. 
Not  to  dead  plants  cometh  the  blossom- 
Grace  abides  not  in  the  cold  bosom 
Where  there  is  death  ;  Hope  builds  her  fire 
Where  there  is  warmth;  look  for  sweets 

Musing,  I  said  ;  musing  and  sighing, 
(Not  for  the  leaves  fading  and  dying), 
But  for  a  want  I  in  my  bosom 
Felt,  while  the  bee  searched  for  its  blossom . 
"  Nothing  but  death  I"  softly  I  muttered  ; 
But  as  the  bee  close  to  me  fluttered. 
Stirred  by  its  flight  scent  of  a  blossom 
Floated  to  me,  and  in  my  bosom 
Filled  full  of  doubts,  Hope,  like  the  flower, 
Opened  her  door  in  that  dim  hour ! 
Gladly,  I  said,  "A^  I  little  hummer. 
Sometimes  are  sweets  a/ter   the  Summer  ! 
Sometimes  the  Lord  maketh  in  bosoms 
Barren  as  sand  places  for  blossoms  I 
Oft  daises  spring,  queens  of  the  meadow, 
Wearing  their  crowns  in  the  dim  shadow — 
God  knows  our  needs — gifts  without  num- 
ber 
Often  He  sends  after  the  Summer  1" 
Up  to  the  light  gently  I  brought  it — 
Close  to  my  side  still  the  bee  sought  it. 
And  through  that  day  seemed  he  to  mur- 
mur, 
"  Sometimes  are  sweets  a/ter  the  Summer  I" 
December  5,  1870. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


WHEN  WILL  WOMEN  VOTE? 

BY    ALICE    SMITH    WINSTON. 

When,  oh  when,  will  women,  gentle  women 

Tote? 
When  the  birds  cease  sending  sweet  songs 

from  their  throat ; 
When   the   field-born   lily    learns  to  work 

and  spin  ; 
Then,  hurrah  for  women  !  then,  and  not 

till  then. 
When  the  gold-bee  homeward   with   but 

poison  hies ; 
When  the  white-winged  pigeon  with  the 

eagle  Sies  ; 
When  the  lamb's  soft  bleating  changes  to 

a  bark  ; 
Then  to  woman's   suffrage  possibly  we'll 

hark. 

For,    when   socks    are    mended,    and    the 

baby's  drest, 
And  its  lipa,  like  rosebuds,  to  our  own  are 

When   the  flowers  are  watered,  and   the 

birds  are  fed ; 
When  the  fluted  laces  ripple  o'er  the  bed  ; 
When  the   room  is  dusted  till  no  atoms 

pass 
Through  the  bars  of  sunshine,  like  some 

gate  of  glass  ; 
When  the  bird  is  sending  from  its  little 

throat 
Songs,  till  even  baby  listens  to  each  note, 
**  Shoo  fly  1"  who  could  leave  them,  leave 

such  joys  to  vote? 

When    the    roaring  lion  bleateth    as   the 

lamb  ; 
When  we  call  tornadoes  but  the  day's  soft 

Then   shall  men  nurse  babies,  wear  the 

petticoats,  , 

While  their   wives  are  shaving — shaving 

men  and  notes  I 
When  men  take  their  knitting  out   with 

them  to  tea. 
When  they  friz   on   hair-pins  locks  most 

killingly  ; 
When    they    wear    "switches,"    braids, 

chignons  and  rolls  ; 
Women  will  wear  switches  out  about  the 

polls  I 
Woman's   kingdom   lieth   in    her  home's 

sweet  ties  ; 
The  ballot-box  her  cradle,  t 

ling  lies; 


dar- 


And  mothers  should  be  happy  if  they're 

allowed  by  fate 
To  taste  the  sweets  which   cling  to  this 

sweetest  candy(?)date. 
I  looked  around  in  wonder,  when  maids 

Cut  off  the  long  trails  hiding  from   sightJ 

their  little  feet. 
And  thought  we'd  see  the  peacocks  enti 

off  their  long  tails,  too. 
And  thought  that   hens    would  cackle  a 

cock-a-doodle-doo, 
When  maids,  and  even  mothers,  put  on  the 

jaunty  hat  ; 
But  now  I  take  for  granted  these  thing 

but  wonder  that 
The   maids,  who    wear  gold   lockets   and 

chains  round  snowy  throat, 
(Sweet,  pretty,  gentle  ring-doves)  should 

ever  want  to  vote  I 

To  such  I  say,  keep  busy   at  home,  tend 

Go  cut  a  snowy  apron  to  stitch  on  the  ma- 
chine ; 
Rub   windows  till  they  glisten,  all   free 

from  dust  and  mote; 
But,  darling  girls,  please  listen,  oh,  never, 

never,  vote  I 
When    briars    turn    to   roses,   and   brides 

wear  cabbage  stalks  ; 
When    little   lambs  wear  wolf-skins,  and 

new-born  baby  talks; 
When  man  in  moon  wears  nightcap,  i 

clouds  for  ruffles  white. 
And  owls  go  off  a  courting  through  day  as 

well  as  night; 
When    doves     wear     chains    of    serpents 

around  their  purple  throat. 
Then,  girls,  get  out  your  tickets,  for  then 

will  women  vote  I 
February,  1870. 


JOHN'S  LETTER. 
"  The  Kingdom  of  Heaven  is  within  i 

BY    ALICE    SMITH    WINSTON. 

One  night,  when  Discontent  and  I 

Were  battling  with  each  other, 
(For  every  soul  must  have,  you  know 

Its  bright  and  stormy  weather), 
I  found  this  letter  written  to— 

Well,  say  to  "  Kitty  Clover  "— 
'Tis  all  the  same  ;  the  letter  was 

From  "John,"  a  noble  lover. 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Not  noble  as  regarded  blood — 

(Why  care  for  scarlet  lining 
Of  casket,  more  than  jewel  which 

Gives  casket  its  refining?) — 
But  noble  in  the  sight  of  God 

This  lover,  who,  at  Love's  note, 
Left  higher  nest  and  mated  with 

A  dove  within  a  dove-cote  1 


"  No  satin  shoe  your  tiny  foot, 

My  winsome  Kitty,  covers  ; 
Tour  shoes  are  oftenest  the  grass, 

Your  buckles  but  the  clovers. 
Your   hands  grudge  not  the  sun  the   kiss 

Which  rests  so  oft  upon  them  ; 
They'd  look  as  strange  as  lilies  ^iled, 

If  they  had  gloves  to  span  them  I 
Where,  Kitty,  now  the  doubts  you  had? 

You  can  no  sooner  find  them, 
Than  find  the  blossoms  of  the  Spring 

Which  leaves  us  fruit  behind  them  I 
Where  now  my  pining  for  a  home 

One  notch  above  your  station  ? 
The  bird  in  nest  below  my  own 

Has  blest  that  habitation  ! 
Let  parrots  wear  their  green  and  gold. 

And  moek  when  we  go  near  them  ; 
My  bird  has  songs  the  whole  day  long, 

And  I'm  the  one  to  hear  them  I 
You  feared  the  eagle  yet  would  pine 

To  soar  off  to  the  mountain, 
Forgetting  pretty  lessons  taught 

By  mountain-stream  and  fountain  I 
Ah  I  Kitty,  I  have  learned  not  all 

The  joy  which  Fate  is  spinning 
Is  woven  in  the  cloth  of  gold 

And  'purple  and  fine  linen  I' 
I've  learned  that  cares,  like  butterflies. 

Are  born  'mongst  Fortune's  flowers. 
And  seldom  come  to  steal  the  sweets 

From  humble  lives  like  ours  ! 
Has  gold  some  strange,  magnetic  power — 

Have  jewels,  too,  their  magnet — 
That  palaces  are  places  where 

Pain  oft'nest  sets  her  signet? 


Ah  I  sometimes,  when  I  wish  for  what 

You  never  wish,  or  can  wish  ; 
'  The  Kingdom  is  within  I'  I  say. 

And  all  my  yearnings  vanish  I 
Then  I'm  content  without  the  wealth 

With  which  I  would  surround  you— 
Content  to  bring  my  sphere  of  life 

To  that  in  which  I  found  you. 
Our  baby's  feet  are  just  as  pink. 

As  though  its  pretty  mother's 
Had  never  waded  in  the  dew. 

Half  knee-deep  in  the  clovers  I 
Though  acorns  be  his  only  toy, 

And  buckeyes  serve  for  rattle, 
I'm  sure  the  angels  visit  him. 

And  understand  his  prattle. 
(The  homely  vase,  in  window  there. 

Holds  loveliest  of  flowers  ; 
Why  care  for  the  surroundings  of 

This  blossom  sweet  of  ours  ?) 


'Neath  shade  of  green-fringed  willow 
As  though  his  curls  were  rippling  o'er 

A  prince's  downy  pillow  I 
So,  Kitty  dear,  remember  this  : 

Should  fickle  Fortune  spin  us 
Her  cloth  of  gold  and  linens  fine 

'  The  Kingdom  is  within  us  I' 
No  golden  chain  can  still  the  beat 

Of  heart  where  conscience  waketh  ; 
No  rustic  of  a  sifiien  gown 

(Which  ugly  silkworm  maketh) 
Can  hush  the  whisper  of  the  soul, 

Or  still  its  faintest  yearning  I 
God  sets  his  light  within  the  heart. 

And  we  must  keep  it  burning  1" 


When  I  had  finished.  Discontent 

Had  left  me  altogether  1 
And,  as  a  bird  will  in  the  sun 

Show  most  the  brilliant  feather, 
My  soul  put  on  a  shining  garb. 

Which  suits  me  always  better — 
(The  light  was  all  reflected  from 

John's  simple,  truthful  letter  I) 

May  3,  1871 


MISS  LAURA  CATHARINE  FORD 
Is  a  native  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  where  her  father,  Capt.  Harbin  H.  Ford,  an 
extensive  farmer,  from  Virginia,  had  settled  about  1845.  A  few  years  after, 
■while  Laura  was  very  young,  the  father  died;  and  the  mother,  with  her 
little  son  and  daughter,  removed  to  Frankfort,  where  they  still  reside  (May, 
187't).  Lilce  many  others  of  the  trifted  daughters  of  the  West,  Laura  C. 
Ford  was  first  encouraged  by  the  bounding  enthusiasm  and  genuine  admira- 
tion of  the  great  poet-editor,  George  D.  Prentice,  to  try  her  pen  at  poetry. 


614 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Her  earlier  efforts  were  published  in  the  Louisville  Journal,  afterwards  in  the 
Louisville  Courier,  the  Courier-Journal,  and  other  Kentucky  periodicals,  and 
latterly  and  mainly  in  the  Frankfort  Yeoman.  She  writes  with  great  ease, 
for  pastime,  and  with  a  vividness  and  elasticity  that  promises  much  for  the 
future. 


HUNTED  DOWN. 

BY  LABEA    C.    FOED. 

Stuaxge  was  his  life :  'twould   seem   his 
natal  star 
Was    shrouded    in    the    inky    folds   of 
clouds  ; 
No  brightness  crossed  his  path  without  a 
bar 
Of  utter  gloom,  and  these  bars  came  in 
crowds. 

Ho  was  a  dreamer  from  his  earliest  years, 

Which  held  him  isolated  from  his  kind, 

And  rendered  him    in  youth  a  mark   for 

jeers 

From    many   a   baser,   many   a    lesser 

mind. 

His    gentle  soul,  while  wounded    by   the 
darts, 
In  voiceless  agony  endured  each  shaft, 
Although    they  rankled   in  the  tenderest 
parts — 
Life's  bitterest  cup  in  silence  proud  he 
quaffed.  S 

drown  into  manhood,  he  was  hunted  still 
By  little   souls  that  failed  to  compre- 
hend 

The  subtile  workings  of  a  finer  will. 
Whose  iron  strength  their  malice  could 


Upon  his  brow  great  genius  sat  enthroned, 
And  shone  in  flashes  from  his  dark  gray 
eye. 
No  petty  meannesses  his  bosom  owned. 
But  smoldered   there  a  pride   untamed 
and  high. 

The    world,  a   sycophant,    his    offerings 
spurned  ; 
And  hate  and  envy  skulked  along  his 

Till  pride  flamed  up,  and,  hunted  down, 
he  turned 
And,  like  a  goaded  lion,  stood  at  bay. 

He  proudly  stood — his  tongue  sharp-edged 
with  scorn. 
And   fierce  defiance  shooting  from  his 
eyes. 


The  pack,  like  cowards  from  their  covert 
torn. 
Crouched  to  the  soul  which    they    had 
dared  despise. 

That  boon  which  they  to  modesty  denied. 
Respect  that  near  to  veneration  came. 

They  yielded  now  unmurmuringly  to  pride, 
And  on  their   shoulders   lifted  him    to 

May  12,  1874. 

■>    THE  HIGHER  AIM. 

BY  LAUEA  C.  FOBD. 

The  firelight,  with  its  flash  and  flare. 
Threw  fitful  shadows  on  the  wall. 

And  flickered  o'er  the  veteran's  chair. 
Who  smoked  his  pipe  at  evening's  fall. 
And  dreamed  of  years  beyond  recall. 

He  sees  himself  as  once  a  boy 

Elate  with  all  a  boy's  wild  dreams  ; 

Sees  ripening  fruits  which  may  not  cloy. 
Reserved  for  him — ah,  radiant  seems 
The  distance  gilded  with  Hope's  beams. 

Within  his  pipe  the  slow  fire  died — 

The  dreamy  light  went  from  his  eyes — 

He  turned  to  Edward  at  his  side, 

Whose  youth  still  led  him    'neath  the 

skies 
That,  cloudless,  arch  life's  Paradise. 

"Tell    me,   my   boy,"    he   said,    "from 
whence 
It  is  life's  discontent  arrives? 

'Till  oft  we  say  in  vain  pretense, 
No  lingering  love  of  life  survives 
Within  the  shade  that  haunts  our  lives. 

"  For,  in  the  nature  of  us  all, 
There  is  to  earth  a  stubborn  tie: 

Though  some,  who  drain   its  cup  of  gall. 
Have,  in  rash  moments,  dared  to  die, 
And  send  unshriven  souls  on  high. 

"  Those   trembling  souls,  methinks,  look 
back 
Regretful  at  the  prison  fled— 
But  I  have  wandered  from  the  track 
O'er  which  I'd  have  your  wisdom  led; 
From     what    are    half    life's    sorrows 
shed  ?" 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


And  Edward  spoke,  in  language  bold  : 
"Methinks    that     were    not     hard    to 
tell— 

Life's  blessings  always  come  with  gold ; 
When  Want  comes  in  the  home  to  dwell, 

With  larder  scant  and  6rele3s  cold, 

The  heart  life's  bitterest  woes  may  hold." 

"  Not    so,"    the    old    man     said,    and 

smiled. 
He,  looking  downward  from  the  height 
Of  four-score  years,  deemed  but  a  child 
The  man    whose   twentieth    year    that 

night 
Time  jotted  down  in  its  ownward  flight. 

"  I  grant  that  poverty  is  sore, 
But  still  susceptible  of  cure. 

My  mind  to-night  is  running  o'er 
An  ill  that  will  and  must  endure. 
Although  the  years  should  reach  four- 


'  Oft  in  the  cloudless,  dreamy  years. 
Through    which    your   life   is    drifting 


Ambition's  hand  the  water  stirs. 


'Till  fame  in  fancy  wreathes  the  brow 
And  in  estatic  dreams  one  hears 
Himself  proclaimed  without  compeers. 

"  He  hugs  the  fancy  to  his  breast. 
Before  an  ignis  faluua  flies. 
And  lures  him  with  no  thought  of  rest, 
'Till  weary,  worn,  Hope's  taper  dies; 
Ambition's  fires  alone  arise. 

"Ambition  lives,  and  more  and  more 
The  tortured  spirit  strives  to  fret ; 

Even  with  the  hope  of  greatness  o'er. 
It  feeds  him  on  its  poison  yet. 
And  goads  him  with  a  vain  regret. 

"And  from  chimeras  such  as  this 
It  is  that  half  life's  sorrows  fall, 

And  lap  up  every  drop  of  bliss. 
And  then  refill  the  cup  with  gall; 
While  Fame's  a  bubble  after  all. 

"  But  live,  my  son,  for  the  higher  fame. 
Which  is  the  boon  of  years  well  spent; 

Transmit  your  children  a  spotless  name  ; 
It  will  soothe,  though  poverty  be  sent. 
The  chastened  spirit  with  content." 


MRS.  SALLIE   M.   B.   PIATT, 

Me  Bryan,  is  a  native  of  Henry  CO.,  Ky.,  and  was  educated  at  the  best 
Bchools  in  New  Castle,  the  county  seat.  After  leaving  school,  she  ventured 
upon  poetry,  and  sent  her  first  pieces  to  the  Louisville  Journal  about  1857-8, 
winniDg  kind  words  and  positive  encouragement  from  the  editor,  Mr.  Pren- 
tice. About  1860,  she  married  John  J.  Piatt,  himself  a  poet  and  newspaper 
correspondent  of  vigor  and  raciness,  then  resident  in  Louisville,  and  removed 
to  Washington  city.  Her  first  volume,  "A  Woman's  Poems,"  127  pp.,  was 
published  in  Boston,  1871  ;  and  a  second,  "  A  Voyage  to  the  ]?'ortunate  Isles, 
and  Other  Poems,"   June,  1874. 

AFTER  WINGS. 

BY    SALLIK    M.    B.    PIATT. 

This  was  your  butterfly,  you  see. 

His  fine  wings  made  htm  vain  1 
The  caterpillars  crawl,  but  he 

Pass'd  them  in  rich  disdain  I — 
My  pretty  boy  says,  "  Let  him  be 

Only  a  worm  again  1" 

Oh,  child,  when  things   have   learn'd    to 

Wings  once,  they  must  be  fain 
To  keep  them  always  high  and  fair. 

Think  of  the  creeping  pain 
Which  even  a  butterfly  must  bear 


To  be  a  worm 


again  I 


TO-DAY. 

BY  SALLIE    M.    B.    PIATT. 

Ah,  real  thing  of  bloom  and  breath, 
I  can  not  love  you  while  you  stay. 

Put  on  the  dim,  still  charm  of  death, 
Fade  to  a  phantom,  float  away, 
And  let  me  call  you  Yesterday  1 

Let  empty  flower-dust  at  my  feet 
Remind  me  of  the  buds  you  wear  ; 

Let  the  bird's  quiet  show  how  sweet 
The  far-off  singing  made  the  air  ; 
And  let  your  dew  through  frost  look  fair. 


In  mourning  you  I  sha 
Go  :  for  the  bitter  W' 


rejo 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKT. 


A  music — in  the  vanish'd  Toiee  ; 
And  on  the  dead  face  I  may  see 
How  bright  its  frown  has  been  to  me. 

Then  in  the  haunted  grass  I'll  sit, 
Half  tearful  in  your  wither' d  place, 

And  watch  your  lovely  shadow  flit 
Across  To-morrow's  sunny  face, 
And  vex  her  with  your  perfect  grace. 

So,  real  thing  of  bloom  and  breath, 
I  weary  of  you  while  you  stay. 

Put  on  the  dim,  still  charm  of  death. 
Fade  to  a  phantom,  float  away. 
And  let  me  call  you  Yesterday  ! 

MY  GHOST. 

A  STORY   TOLD  TO  MY  LITTLE   COUSIN  KATE. 
BY    SALLIE    M.    B.    PIATT. 

Yes,  Katie,  I  think   you  are  very  sweet, 
Now  that  the  tangles  are  out  of  your 
hair. 
And  you   sing   as  well  as  the  birds  you 
meet. 
That  are  playing,  like  you,  in  the  blos- 
soms there. 
But  now  you  are  coming  to  kiss  me,  you 
say  : 
Well,  what  is  it  for?    Shall  I  tie  your 
shoe, 
Or  loop  your  sleeve  in  a  prettier  way  ? 
"  Do  I  know  about  ghosts  ?"     Indeed  I 
do. 

"  Have  I  seen  one  ?"     Yes  :    last  eve- 
ning, you  know, 
.»  We  were  taking  a  walk  that  you  had  to 

(I  think  you  were  naughty  and  cried  to 
go. 
But,  surely,  you'll  stay   at  home   after 
this!) 
And,  away  in  the  twilight  lonesomely 
("  What  is  the  twilight?"    It's— getting 
latel) 
I  was  thinking  of  things  that  were  sad  to 
,  me — 

There,  hush  !  you  know  nothing  about 
them,  Kate. 

Well,  we  had  to  go  through  the  rocky  lane. 
Close  to  that  bridge  where   the   water 

By  a  still,  red  house,  where  the  dark  and 
rain 
Go  in  when  they  will  at  the  open  doors ; 


And  the  moon,  that  had  just  waked  up, 
look'd  through 
The   broken   old  windows   and    seem'd 
afraid. 
And  the  wild    bats  flew  and  the  thistles 


Whe 


the  roses   the  children 


play'd. 


Just  across  the  road  by  the  cherry-trees 
Some  fallen  white  stones  had  been  lying 

Half  hid  in  the  grass,  and  under  these 
There  were  people  dead.     I  could  hear 
the  song 
Of  a  very  sleepy  dove,  as  I  pass'd 

The  graveyard  near,  and    the   cricket 
that  cried  ; 
And  I  look'd  (ah  1  the  Ghost  is  coming  at 
last!) 
And    something    was    walking   at   my 
side. 

It  seem'd  to  be  wrapp'd  in  a  great  dark 
shawl, 
(For  the  night  was   a  little  cold,   you 
know.) 
It   would  not  speak.     It  was  black  and 
tall; 
And   it    walk'd    so    proudly    and   very 
slow. 
Then  it  mock'd  me — every  thing  I  could 
do: 
Now  it  caught  at  the  lightning-flies  like 

Now  it  stopp'd  where  the  elder-blossoms 
grew; 
Now  it  tore  the  thorns  from  a  gray  bent 
tree. 

Still   it   followed    me    under    the   yellow 
moon, 
Looking    back    to    the   graveyard   now 
and  then. 
Where  the  winds  were  playing  the  night 
a  tune- 
But    Kate,   a   Ghost    doesn't    care    for 

And    your    papa   couldn't    have   done   it 

harm! 
Ah,  dark-eyed  darling,  what  is  it  you 

see? 
There,  you  needn't  hide  in  your  dimpled 

arm — 
It    was    only  my  Shadow    that  walk'd 

with  me  1 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 


017 


THE  POORLY-DRESSED  MAX. 

BY    HENRY    C.    BLOUNT. 

We  see  ihat  strange  man  as  he  enters  the 

hal! ; 
The   servant   avoids    him,  scarce   asks 

him,  "  Come  in  ;" 
The  children  look  shy,  the  dogs  bark,  and 

all 
Are  amazed  at  his  garments  so  tattered 

and  thin. 
He's  honest,  upright,  does  the  best  that 

he  can— 
A  stranger— but  see,  he's  a  poorly-dressed 


"Don't    judge    from    appearance,"    how 

often  we  hear  ; 
'Tis  a  lesson  all  learn — but  learn  not  to 

heed. 
Who  looks  on  a  portly-dressed  man  but  to 

sneer. 
No  matter    whose  fault,  how  much  he 

may  need  1 
Don't    give    him   your   smiles,   nor    your 

friendship,  more  than 
Politeness    requires    to   a  poorly-dressed 

man  I 

A  dandy  knows  well  the  importance    of 
dress ; 
He  does  not,  he  claims  not,  to  pass   by 


If  yo 


sk  him,  if   truthful,  he 

Qfess, 


but 


The  favor  he  wins  is  his   greatest  ex- 
pense; 
He  sees  how*  the  world  will  deridingly  scan 
More  merit  than  he  has  in  a  poorly-dressed 


vho 


goes 


the  street. 
His  feet  out,  his  knees  out,  his  elbows 
both  bare? 
Who'll  ask  why  it  is,  when  they  chance 

He's  so  much  like  a  beggar,  and  how 
many  care  ? 
May  he  not  be   your  kindred?      Oh,  hor- 
ror 1     How  can 
You  say  so  in  jest?     He's  such  a  poorly- 


Why  shrink  back,  when  seated  in   stage 


They  are  all  fellow-travelers — have  all 
paid  their  way  ; 


They  are  all  strangers  to  you  ;  don'tmove 

back  so  far  ; 
You  can  read  where  you  are,  or  look 

out  if  you  may. 
Oh  1  I  see  why  you  do.     'Tis  true  there's 

Placed,    Cain-like,    upon    every    poorly- 


He  goes  to  the  park,  to  the  ball,  or  soiree  ; 
Who  gives  him  a  welcome,  who  speaks 
to  him  cheer  ? 
There  beauty  and  fashion,  in  charming 


ray. 


Do 

frown 

when  they 

eel 

im, 

and 

wish 

him  not  near. 

Vhat 

lady 

would  even 

let 

fall 

her 

dear 

If  she    thought    'twould   be    lifted    by   a 
poorly-dressed  man? 

When  the  business  of  life  and  its  trials  are 

And  heaven  reveals  its  glories  so  bright, 
AVhere  scoffs  will  be  heard  not,  nor  jeera 

Will  all  share  alike  its  peace  and  de- 
light? 
Oh  I  hasten  to  tell  me,  if  any  one  can, 
Will  there   be    a   welcome    for  a  poorly- 
drcss'd  man  ? 
Warsaw,  Ky.,  1867. 

THE  OLD  TOWN  CLOCK. 

BY    A.    FULKERSON. 

The  old  town  clock  is  a  marvelous  thing, 


As  it  tells  of  the 
When   its   hollow  t 


)n  the  midnight 


Starling  this  slumb'ring  world  of  ours  I 
And  it  watches   the  flight  of    unstaying 

To  chronicle  moments  that  were. 
And  the  voice  of  the  ages  is  heard  in  the 

As  it  wails  on  the  startled  air  1 


pointing  to  a  path 


utterance 


the 


Its  finge) 
sky, 
And    its     tongue 

Of  the  rest  that  ren 
on  high. 
And  the  way  to  the  beautiful  land  I 
But  the   children  of  men,  never  heedii 
its  voice 
Move  onward  to  music  and  mirth; 


the 


ei8 


THE  POETS  AND  POETRY  OF  KENTUCKY. 

Here's  a  health  to  old  whishky,"  she  said 
as  she  tuck  it, 

litthls 


1 


In  the  days  of  their  youth  and  strength 
they  rejoice, 
Till   they  pass   like  a  dream  from  the 
earth  1 


The  old  town  clock— I  have  heard  the  peal  I 
Of    its    measured  strike,  give  three   at 

When  I  felt  as  the  lone  and  the  wretched 
feel, 
In  a  bleak  cold  world  forlorn  I 
I  have  counted  the  tones  from  its  iron 
throat. 
As  they  moaned  and  died  on  the  wind. 
Till  its  music  fell  like  a  funeral  note 
On  my  dreary  and  desolate  mind  1 

The  old  town  clock — let  it  speak  again 

A  dirge-like  note  for  departing  time. 
Tis  a  sybil  voice  in  the  mystic  strain. 

From  the  grand  old  past  sublime  1 
And  its  echoes  tell  us  of  glorious  days. 

When   the   heart   and    the    world  were 
young ; 
When  minstrels  chanted  the  heroes'  praise, 

And  the  lute   to  love   and   mirth  was 
strung! 

Fkankfokt,  March  3,  1870. 

A  FRACAS  AT  THE  WIDDY  WARD'S. 


It  was  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dolony  who  rinted 
A  basement   and    kitchen    from    swate 
Widdy  Ward, 
An'  more  illigant  quarters  was  nivei 
vinted, 
Wid  every  thing  nice  that  the  two  could 

They'd    praties    for   breakfast,   and   cold 
ones  for  dinner. 
An'  for  supper  the  cold  ones  made  into 
a  sthew. 
And  at  night  (it's  as  thrue  as  the  divil'i 
sinner) 
They  dhrank  larger  beer,  and  a  bucket- 
ful, too. 

The  widdy,  hiven  bless  herl  an   illigant 
leddy, 
Sint  out  ivery  night  for  her  botthle  of 
rhye; 
And  she  dhrank  wid  her  childer,  as  always 
was  rheady 
To  take  what  she'd  give,  widout  wink- 
ing an  eye. 


And   nine  times  dhrank 

drap  more ; 
Thin,   dancing  a  jig  on    the    top    ov   a 

bucket. 
Come  down  wid  a  thunderin'  smash  on 

the  floor. 

"Hootl"  spake  up  Dolony;  his  wife  she 
wint  scramin' 
As  a  bushel  ov  phlaster  fell  into  their 

"Who  the  divil  could  live  in  this  house, 
and  be  dhramin' 
Ov  comfort  and  illegancelingerin' here  ? 
Bedad,  it's  the  widdy  ;  St.  Pathriek  defend 
her? 
It's  a  shtop  I'll  be  putting  upon  this  to- 
night;" 
And   he  throw'd  a  tom  cat   through  the 
widdy's  back  winder, 
Which   shoratched   the    young   childer 
and  put  out  the  light. 


Tiddy 


"  Bedad,  I'll  beat  that,"  said  the 
advancing. 
And  paking  below,  through  a  crack  in 
the  wall ; 
"Its  the  divil  himself  ye'U  be  thinking  a 
dancin' 
Before  yez  gets  through  wid  the  fracas 
at  all." 
Thin  a  tub  full  of  schlops  she  snatched, 
the  nixt  minnit, 
And  tumbled  'em  out  of  the  door  wid  a 
yell. 
And  Misther  Dolony  was  narely  dhrowned 
in  it, 
For  he  stood  where  the  wather  (bad  luck 
to  it)  fell. 

Thin  Misther  Dolony,  all  ravin'  and  mad, 
he 
Wint  afther  a  warrant  and  sint  her  to 
jail ; 
But  whin  she  came  into  the  court-room  be- 
dad, he 
Felt  just  like  a  bull-dog  widout  ony  tail. 
His  Honor  looked  over  the    facts   in   tho 
case,  thin, 
And  towld  thim    they  both    should   bo 
fined,  it  was  clear. 
For,  he  said,  paple  niver  would  try  to  be 
dacent,  whin 
Ore  would  dhrink  whisky,  and  the  other 


PTvrm"  Artists. 


rgLSjed  6Jti]rcsalyiijrR!cliai3.Jl  CqUqs  Jiistorv  irEertaca>~ 


i 


620  ART  AND  ARTISTS. 

sweeter  than  any  other  calling  offered.  Striking  likenesses,  wrought  without 
effort,  and  most  exquisite  forms  teemed  from  his  pen  and  pencil.  Such  powers 
could  not  be  curbed  in  any  rigid  form,  such  inspiration  was  too  natural  to 
be  fettered.  He  began  to  paint  without  a  master.  And  if  the  opinions  of 
such  men  as  Healy,  Frazer,  and  Bush— art  men  them.selves,  of  no  mean 
standing — are  of  weight,  his  portraits  are  to-day  superior  to  those  of  any 
artist  America  has  produced,  and  rank  with  the  best  of  the  old  masters. 

In  1S12,  war  for  a  little  while  was  more  exciting  than  art,  and  the  sword 
than  the  pencil.  Jouett  entered  the  army,  and  served  with  gallantry  through 
at  least  one  campaign  in  the  then  Northwest.  After  the  war,  which  was  to 
him  a  kind  of  holiday,  Jouett  began  to  paint  with  renewed  zest.  Wonderfully 
successful  as  a  self  taught  man,  he  yet  felt  the  need  of  a  master;  and  in 
1816-17  spent  six  months  in  Boston,  under  the  instruction  of  Gilbert  Stuart, 
at  that  time  the  most  world-renowned  and  esteemed  of  American  portrait 
painters.  Tuckerman,  in  his  Book  of  the  Artists,  says  Jouett  was  a. favorite 
pupil  of  Stuart's.  From  other  sources  it  is  known  that  an  intimacy  sprang 
up  between  these  men  of  genius  which  lasted  through  life.  No  man  more 
admired  and  more  thoroughly  appreciated  the  peculiar  excellences  and 
promise  of  Jouett — the  glimpses  of  character,  if  not  the  most  outspoken 
character,  and  the  brilljancy  and  beauty  of  color,  so  remarkable  in  his  por- 
traits. 

It  has  been  said  that  Matt.  Jouett  was  to  Kentucky  what  Rubens  was  to 
Flanders.  He  was  more.  Kentucky,  at  the  time  Jouett  painted,  was  almost 
a  wilderness — the  people  unprepared  for  art,  indifferent  to  its  influences,  with 
no  masters  to  teach,  no  models  to  work  from,  no  styles  to  study.  Rubens 
had  every  advantage — in  association,  masters,  art  galleries,  and  an  art-loving 
people,  who  were  able  and  willing  to  pay  for  good  works.  Rubens  was  a 
sensualist,  with  all  his  accomplishments,  and  not  beyond  reproach.  Jouett 
was  a  startling  genius,  of  the  most  marked  character ;  a  thoroughly  manly 
and  pure  man,  with  a  fine  musical  education ;  full  of  poetry,  and  one  of  the 
most  brilliant  talkers  of  his  day.  Rubens  painted  to  old  age  ;  Jouett  did  not 
begin  painting  in  earnest  until  he  was  25,  and  was  cut  dovra  at  39.  Rubens 
knew  by  daily  contact  what  the  Renaissance  in  art  had  accomplished,  for 
he  studied  from  the  best  pictures  ;  Jouett  never  saw  old  masters'  works,  and 
could  only  dream  of  their  glories.  And  it  is  astonishing  that  in  the  early 
days  of  Kentucky  an  artist  should  have  been  born,  who,  without  breathing 
the  Italian  air  or  seeing  the  realistic  productions  of  the  Dutch,  should  have 
instinctively  produced  portraits  which — for  richness  of  coloring,  mellow  sub- 
dued tones,  and  strong  character  portrayal — stand  to-day  egual  to  the  best 
works  of  European  art  in  that  direction. 

Mr.  Jouett  was  thoroughly  the  ideal  artist,  highly  informed,  of  poetic  tem- 
perament, vivid  imagination,  and  most  sympathetic  nature.  No  wonder  that 
such  a  genial  and  gentle  disposition  was  admired  and  sought  after  by  such 
lights  as  Clay,  Crittenden,  Daveiss,  the  Marshalls,  and  Breckinridges.  And 
no  wonder  that  among  his  best  pictures  were  those  of  some  of  these  very 
friends — Henry  Clay,  Joseph  Hamilton  Daveiss,  John  J.  Crittenden,  and 
James  Morrison.  To  these  should  be  added  the  full  length  portrait  of  the 
Marquis  La  Fayette,  which  belongs  to  the  state  of  Kentucky,  and  adorns  the 
hall  of  the  house  of  representatives,  to  the  right  of  the  speaker's  chair ;  also, 
those  of  Gov.  Isaac  Shelby,  Gov.  Robert  P.  Letcher,  Rev.  Horace  HoUey,  D.D., 
besides  others  in  families  at  Vicksburg,  Natchez,  and  New  Orleans,  where  he 
spent  several  winters. 

[The  following  brief  sketches  of  a  few  artists,  some  native,  and  others  visiting,  who 
have  had  studios  in  Lexington,  are  from  Ranck's  History  of  Lexington.] 

The  art  annals  of  Lexington  are  not  to  be  despised.  William  West,  who 
came  to  Lexington  in  1788,  was  the  first  painter  that  ever  settled  in  the  vast 
region  "  this  side  the  mountains."  He  was  the  son  of  the  then  rector  of 
St.  Paul's  Church,  Baltimore,  and  had  studied  under  the  celebrated  Benjamin 
West,  in  London.  His  family  was  a  talented  one.  His  brother,  Edward 
West,  who  had  preceded  him  to  Lexington,  three  years  before,  was  the  won- 


ART  AND  ARTISTS.  621 

derful  mechanical  fteniug  who  invented  the  steamhoat  in  that  city  in  1793, 
and  his  son,  William  E.  West,  is  now  remembered  for  the  portrait  he 
painted  of  Lord  Byron,  at  Lechorn.  William  West  painted  but  few  pictures, 
and  they  were  of  only  moderate  merit.  He  is  best  known  as  "  the  first 
painter  who  came  to  the  West."     He  died  in  New  York. 

A.?A  Park,  a  Vireinian,  was  the  second  painter  who  settled  in  Lexington. 
He  died  in  1827.  Though  Mr.  Park  attempted  portraits,  his  best  productions 
were  fruit  and  flower  pieces.  His  pictures,  like  West's,  owe  their  value 
mainly  to  the  fact  of  his  having  been  one  of  the  pioneer  painters  of  Lexing- 
ton. 

Mk.  Beck,  erroneously  mentioned  in  Dunlnp's  Arts  of  Design  as  "the 
first  painter  who  penetrated  beyond  the  Alleghenies,"  settled  in  Lexington 
about  ISOfl.  He  belonged,  at  one  time,  to  a  company  of  scouts  under  Gen. 
Anthony  Wayne.  He  and  his  wife  conducted  a  female  seminary  in  that 
city  for  many  years,  in  which  painting  was  a  prominent  feature.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Beck  were  both  artists  of  some  ability,  and  painted  many  pictures, 
principally  landscapes.  W.  Mentelle,  S.  Davies  McCuIlough,  John  Tilford, 
Mrs.  Thomas  H.  Clay,  and  many  others  own  pictures  by  Beck.  He  died 
in  1814;  his  wife  survived  him  until  1833. 

In  1818,  John  Neagle,  afterward  known  as  the  painter  of  "  Pat  Lyon,  the 
Blacksmith,"  visited  Lexington  with  the  intention  of  settling ;  but  he  found 
Jouett  so  far  his  superior  that  he  left  and  settled  in  Philadelphia.  He  came 
to  Lexington  again  in  1844,  at  the  instance  of  the  Whigs  of  Philadelphia,  to 
paint  for  them  a  full  length  portrait  of  Henry  Clay,  Mr.  Clay  sitting  for  him 
at  the  Phoenix  Hotel.  In  November  of  that  year,  he  presented  to  Daveiss 
Lodge,  of  that  city,  a  portrait  of  Col.  Joseph  H.  Daveiss,  from  the  original  by 
Jouett.     The  picture  is  now  (1872)  owned  by  Major  S.  D.  McCuIlough. 

Chester  Harding,  who  afterward  acquired  a  national  reputation,  painted 
some  excellent  portraits  here  in  1819.  Mrs.  H.  I.  Bodley,  Mrs.  Wm.  Pres- 
ton, Mrs.  Woodward,  Mrs.  A.  K.  Woolley,  and  others  have  pictures  by  him. 

Louis  Morgan,  a  native  of  Pittsburgh,  settled  in  Lexington  in  1830,  and 
remained  for  many  years.  He  painted  pictures  which  evinced  a  very  high 
order  of  talent,  and  it  was  only  the  lack  of  energy  that  prevented  hira  from 
becoming  noted.  His  best  efibrt  is  his  well-known  portrait  of  Simon  Kenton 
from  life.  He  was  gifted  with  exquisite  taste  and  remarkable  feeling  for 
color.     He  died  about  1860.     Dr.  Robert  Peter  owns  some  of  his  pictures. 

Oliver  Frazbr,  an  artist-son  of  Lexington,  was  born  February  4,  1808, 
and  studied  for  sever.al  years  under  Matthew  H.  Jouett.  After  the  death  of 
his  distinguished  instructor,  Mr.  Frazer,  in  company  with  George  P.  Healy, 
went  to  Europe,  where  he  remained  for  four  years,  studying  the  great  works 
of  the  olil  masters.  On  his  return,  he  achieved  flattering  success  as  a  por- 
trait painter.  He  died,  April  9,  18.54,  and  was  buried  in  the  Lexington 
Cemetery.  His  eyesight  became  injured  some  years  before  his  death,  which 
prevented  him  from  being  a  prolific  painter;  but  the  few  productions  of  his 
pencil  are  of  rare  merit.  His  portrait  of  Clay,  and  a  family  group  in  the 
possession  of  Mrs.  Frazer,  are  considered  among  his  best  efibrts.  Mr.  Clay 
spoke  in  the  strongest  terms  of  satisfaction  of  his  portrait  by  Frazer,  who  re- 
ceived a  number  of  orders  for  copies  of  it.  Others  of  his  pictures  are  owned 
by  Major  Lewinski,  Frank  K.  Hunt,  Mrs.  Matthew  T.  Scott,  Wm.  Warfield, 
Judge  Robertson,  Mrs.  Wm.  A.  Dudley,  John  S.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Aaron  K. 
Woolley,  J.  J.  Hunter,  and  others,  and  are  characterized  by  their  delicate 
coloring  and  accurate  delineation.  Another  has  well  said  that  Mr.  Frazer 
was  a  true  artist,  and  loved  his  profession  for  its  own  s.ake.  He  was  honest, 
kind,  and  true,  and  was  devoted  to  the  retirement  of  his  happy  home.  He 
was  greatly  gifted  in  conversation,  well  read  in  the  best  art  and  other  litera- 
ture, and  his  taste  was  exceedingly  delicate  and  correct. 

In  1867,  Air.  Alexander  painted  Some  fine  pictures  in  Lexington,  one  of 
Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge,  and  another  of  Judge  Wm.  B.  Kinkead,  being 
among  the  number. 

Since  Jouett's  time,  a  number  of  artists  have  either  sojourned  in  Lexing- 
ton temporarily,  or  made  it  their  home.  John  Grimes,  who  excelled  in  deli- 
cate forms  and  colors,  painted  there,  for  several  years  anterior  to  1832,  at 


G22  ART  AND  ARTISTS. 

which  time  he  died.  Several  of  his  productions  are  in  the  possession  of  his 
aunt,  Mrs.  Thos.  Grant ;  and  Mrs.  Fannie  Dewees  and  J.  J.  Hunter  each 
have  one. 

The  well-knovrn  miniature  engravings  of  Clay  and  Jackson  are  from  origi- 
nal portraits  by  Dodge,  who  resided  for  some  time  in  Lexington. 

James  H.  Beard,  the  American  Landseer,  during  a  visit  to  Lexington, 
painted  portraits  of  the  late  Robert  Alexander,  Col.  S.  W.  Price,  and  one  or 
tveo  others.     He  resided,  for  several  years,  in  Covington,  Ky. 

WiLMAM  Ver  Bryck,  who  has  since  attained  much  celebrity,  executed 
some  very  fine  portraits  in  Lexington,  in  1868,  one  of  Mrs.  D.  Whitnev,  one 
each  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Carty,  and  portraits  of  several  members  "of  Dr. 
Henry  M.  Skillman's  and  Isaac  Scott's  families.  No  visiting  artist  ever  met 
with  so  much  success  in  Lexington  as  Mr.  Ver  Bryck.  He  came  to  Lexing- 
ton from  the  city  of  New  York. 

B.  F.  Rhineheart,  in  1869,  had  a  temporary  studio  in  Lexington,  and 
painted  in  very  superior  style,  portraits  of  Gen.  John  C.  Breckinridge,  Gen. 
John  H.  Morgan,  Mrs.  Basil  W.  Duke,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Warren  Frazer,  Thos. 
Mitchell,  and  others.  His  chief  excellences  are  fine  modeling  and  colorini'. 
He  is  a  native  of  Ohio. 

E.  Troye,  who  was  born  in  England,  but  has  long  been  a  resident  of  New 
York,  has  painted  a  number  of  fine  animal  pictures.  Some  of  his  best  efforts- 
pictures  of  blood  horses — are  in  the  possession  of  James  A.  Grinstead,  A. 
Keene  Richards,  A.  Buford,  M.  Alexander,  of  Woodford,  and  others.  As 
an  animal  painter,  Mr.  Troye  has  no  superior  in  this  country.  He  has,  as 
yet,  attempted  but  few  composition  pictures,  the  "Dead  Sea"  being  one. 

Gen.  Samuel  W.  Price  is  one  of  tlie  most  promising  resident  painters  Lex- 
ington has  had  since  Jouett.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Daniel  B.  Price,  of 
Nicliolasville,  Ky.,  and  was  a  pupil  of  the  lamented  Oliver  Frazer.  His  first 
efibrt,  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  was  a  portrait  of  "Old  King  Solomon,"  the 
unterrified  grave-digger  during  the  cholera  of  '33,  and  long  one  of  the  "  in- 
stitutions "  of  Lexington.  This  picture  merits  the  celebrity  it  has  attained. 
Another  early  picture  is  a  fine  portrait  of  Postmaster  Ficklin.  The  portrait 
of  President  Fillmore,  in  the  Phoenix  Hotel  dining-room,  by  Price,  was 
painted  in  1855.  One  of  his  most  successful  efforts  is  a  large  picture  Gen. 
George  H.  Thomas,  which  has  become  extensively  known.  "Mr.  Price  has 
received  letters  highly  complimenting  his  work  from  both  Mr.  Fillmore  and 
Gen.  Thomas.  A  striking  likeness  of  Judge  Robertson  must  not  be  forgotten. 
Latterly,  Gen.  Price  has  attempted  composition  pictures,  and  with  marked 
success.  The  "  Night  before  the  Battle  of  Chickamauga,"  the  "  Young 
Artist,"  and  "Caught  Napping,"  indicate  the  latitude,  as  well  as  the  super- 
iority of  his  talents.     He  has  reflected  honor  upon  the  art  history  of  his  state. 

Mrs.  Eliza  Brown,  widow  of  Prof.  John  Brown,  of  Transylvania  Univer- 
sity, who  died  in  1855,  has  painted  a  number  of  beautiful  landscapes,  the 
merit  of  which  is  heightened  by  the  fact  that  Mrs.  Brown  commenced  with 
the  pencil  at  a  time  of  life  when  art  efforts  generally  cease.  A  Rhineland 
scene,  the  "  Yosemite  Valley,"  a  Canadian  landscape,  and  an  exquisite  bit 
of  Minnesota  rock  and  water,  are  worthy  of  special  attention.  Mrs.  Brown, 
in  1872,  when  nearly  70,  for  the  first  time  attempted  portrait  painting,  aud 
with  extraordinai-y  success,  cousidering  her  age. 

Mr.  Stuart,  a  South  Carolinian,  latterly  a  resident  of  St.  Louis,  painted 
some  excellent  portraits  in  Lexington  in  1872— one  each  of  Mrs.  Rosa  J effrey, 
Jos.  B.  Cooper,  the  city  librarian,  and  Richard  A.  Buckner,  Sen.,  deceased. 

Aaron  H.  Corwine,  one  of  the  most  promising  artists  of  Kentucky,  and  a 
portrait  painter  of  much  character,  died  before  he  was  28  years  old.  He 
was  a  native  of  Mason  county,  Ky.  (under  which  head,  in  Volume  11,  of  this 
work,  a  biographical  sketch  will  be  found). 

Nevill  Cain,  son  of  John  S.  Cain,  of  Louisville,  while  still  a  boy-painter, 
twice  received  such  complimentary  and  substantial  encouragement  from  the 
legislature  of  Kentucky  as  has  never  been  so  soon  repeated  to  any  of  her 
most  favored  and  distinguished  artists.      On  March  9,  1871,  before  he  was 


ART  AND  ARTISTS.  623 

thirteen  years  of  age,  hia  portrait  of  Chief  Justice  George  Robertson  was 
purchased  by  that  body,  at  the  hiindsome  sum  of  $500,  and  ordered  to  be 
suspended  in  the  court  room  of  the  court  of  appeals.  Three  years  after,  and 
before  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  the  senate,  on  Jan.  23,  1874,  adopted  a  joint 
resolution  to  purchase,  for  $250,  his  portrait  of  another  venerable  ex-judge 
of  the  court  of  appeals,  Joseph  R.  Underwood,  then  one  of  the  oldest  practic- 
in<;  lawyers  in  the  United  States;  it  would  probably  pass  the  house  in  a  few 
days.  Young  Cain,  at  the  time  of  this  last  action,  was  in  Europe  (in  Munich, 
Bavaria),  prosecuting  his  studies  as  a  painter;  he  had  already  received  a 
bronze  medal,  for  proficiency  in  painting — a  rare  compliment  to  an  American, 
and  more  remarkable  than  rare,  considering  the  youth  of  the  recipient  and 
the  severe  competition.  It  would  seem  as  if  honors  and  success  almost  be- 
yond measure  attend  the  path  of  this  promising  young  Louisville  artist. 

Thomas  S.  Noble,  probably  the  most  distinguished  of  the  living  artists 
(painters)  of  Kentucky,  is  a  native  of  Lexington,  born  in  1835,  son  of  Thos. 
H.  Noble,  a  leading  manufacturer.  As  with  most  artists  of  eminence,  the 
passion  for  drawing  seemed  a  natural  development,  manifesting  itself  early, 
at  home  and  at  school.  It  interfered  with  his  studies,  but  the  teacher  smiled 
upon  the  efforts  that  produced  so  many  genuine  imitations  and  such  curious 
creations  of  the  fancy.  His  first  teacher  of  drawing  was  Rev.  John  W. 
Venable;  but  at  17,  in  a  few  months  in  the  studio  of  8.  W.  Price,  at  Louis- 
ville, he  learned  the  use  of  colors  and  received  the  kindest  encouragement. 
After  a  few  months  study  in  New  York  city,  in  the  companionship  of  some 
of  the  best  artists,  he  crossed  the  Atlantic,  to  Paris,  and  for  three  years  en- 
joyed the  special  instructions  and  friendship  of  the  illustrious  Thomas  Con- 
tune,  author  of  many  great  works,  a  consummate  draughtsman,  and  one  ui 
the  first  of  modern  colorists;  meanwhile  studying,  with  enthusiastic  avidity, 
th<e  works  of  the  great  masters.  Returning  to  America,  under  financial  em- 
barrassment, in  1858,  he  struggled  on,  patiently  and  diligently  working  out 
the  rich  fruition  of  his  European  studies.  In  1865,  he  completed  his  first 
notable  work,  the  "American  Slave  Market,"  representing  an  auction  sale  of 
slaves  on  the  steps  of  an  American  court  house — a  telling  picture  of  the 
recent  past,  then  warmly  applauded,  and  which  indicated  unusual  dramatic 
and  artistic  talent.  This  was  followed  by  some  kindred  works  of  great 
power,  scenes  in  life  of  a  character  to  attract  curiosity  and  admiration  in 
words,  but  not  to  command  purchasers.  He  left  St.  Louis,  in  18(5(3,  fur  New 
York,  was  elected  a  memberof  the  New  York  Academy  of  Design,  receiving 
a  warm  welcome  from  the  artists  and  a  flattering  patronage  from  the  citizens 
for  many  minor  pieces.  In  1869,  he  was  by  unanimous  vote  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  tlie  first  non-resident  who  received 
that  honor. 

During  the  same  year,  Mr.  Noble  was  chosen,  by  the  directors  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati University,  to  the  direction  of  the  (McMicken)  Academy  of  Design 
connected  with  that  institution.  Here  he  has  continued  to  labor  with  an 
enthusiasm  and  singleness  of  purpose  which  has  already  produced  flattering 
results,  extending  a  beneficial  influence  all  over  the  west,  and  stimuhiting  a 
healthy  development  of  art,  taste,  and  education.  It  is  his  favorite  theory 
that  every  manufacturing  town  should  have  an  industrial  school,  and  the 
principal  city  of  each  state  an  art  school,  for  the  promotion  of  thorough  art 
education.  His  residence  is  in  Campbell  county,  Ky.,  in  one  of  the  suljurbs 
of  Cincinnati. 

The  engagements  of  his  responsible  position  have  left  Mr.  Noble  but  little 
time  to  cultivate  his  profession  as  before,  but  in  the  Art  Hall  of  the  Cincin- 
nati Exposition  in  1872  were  shown  some  of  his  pictures,  which  were  much 
observed  for  their  dramatic  effect  and  brilliant  coloring.  If  we  mistake  not, 
the  tine  portrait  in  the  court  house  at  Owingsville,  Ky.,  of  the  Hon.  Richard 
H.  Menefee,  was  from  the  pencil  of  Mr.  Noble — from  an  original  taken 
shortly  before  the  death  of  Kentucky's  greatest  young  statesman.  He  has  all 
the  qualities  of  a  fine  historic  painter;  and  there  are  gre:it  scenes  in  Ken- 
tucky history  which  it  is  hoped  Mr.  N.  will  yet  pei-petuate  upon  canvas, 
with  a  life  and  power  beyond  the  scope  of  the  best  word-pictures. 


624  ART  AND  ARTISTS. 

•  Charles  Bullett,  a  sculptor  of  rare  merit,  born  in  Besangon,  France,  in 
1826,  made  Kentucky  his  adopted  State,  settling  in  Louisville  in  1862,  and 
becoming  a  partner  in  the  tirm  of  Muldoon,  Bullett  &  Co.  In  1863  he  went 
to  Carrara,  Italy,  to  superintend  the  marble-works  of  the  house  at  that  point; 
and  there  died,  Oct.  4,  1873,  aged  47.  In  completing  his  education  as  a 
sculptor,  for  which  he  early  displayed  great  talent,  his  native  township  sent 
him  to  Paris,  and  in  the  JScole  des  Beavx  Arts  he  obtained  first  honors. 
During  the  building  of  the  capitol  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  he  was  principal  of 
the  sculptural  department,  and  had  previously  been  employed  at  one  of  the 
government  buildings  in  Washington  since  his  arrival  from  France  in  1849. 
His  busts  of  Geo.  D.  Prentice,  James  iS.  Lithgow,  and  Archbishop  Martin 
J.  Spalding,  and  numerous  fivncy  pieces,  attest  his  genius.  Shortly  before 
his  death,  he  finished  busts  of  Gen.  Henry  W.  Halleck  and  Gen.  Jerry  T. 
Boyle;  and  had  just  completed  a  model  for  the  Confederate  monument  at 
Lexington,  Ky.,  and  one  for  the  monument  to  be  erected  by  the  South  Caro 
lina  Confederate  Association  over  the  Confederate  dead. 

Frank  DnvENECK,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born  in  Covington,  Oct.  1.5,  1848, 
is  one  of  the  rising  young  artists  of  the  West.  He  went  abroad  early,  to  the 
best  schools  of  Europe.  In  1870,  his  masterly  treatment  of  his  study  heads 
quite  distinguished  him  at  the  Munich  Academy,  where  he  carried  off  two 
of  the  academy  medals.  In  1872,  he  was  awarded,  for  composition,  the 
highest  prize  in  the  gift  of  that  great  academy.  The  exquisite  finish  of  .his 
portrait  heads,  with  their  broad  luminous  color,  attracted  marked  attention ; 
and  the  Frankfort  (Germany)  Journal  predicted  a  great  future  for  him — 
ranking  him,  in  1873,  as  one  of  the  best  of  the  younger  artists  of  Munich. 

Of  the  native-born  artists  of  Kentucky,  the  first  in  date  of  birth,  and  the 
first  in  success  and  fame,  was  Matthew  H.  Jouett,  already  spoken  of.  The 
second  in  date  of  birth,  and  probably,  also,  the  second  in  successful  high 
art  culture,  was  Joseph  H.  Bdsh,  a  native  of  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  in  17y3, 
but  for  many  years  a  resident  of  Lexington,  where  he  died,  Jan.  11,  1H65,  at 
the  ripe  age  of  72.  His  parents  were  Philip  and  Eliza  Bush  (the  latter  nee 
Palmer,  of  a  family  of  early  emigrants  from  South  Carolina  to  Kentucky,  and 
whose  sister  Catharine  married  Gov.  John  Adair).  His  grandparents,  Philip 
and  Mary  Bush,  came  from  Mannheim,  Germany  (the  home  of  Schiller,  the 
great  German  poet,  dramatist,  and  historian),  to  Winchester,  Va.,  about  1750 
or  earlier;  for  during  the  French  and  Indian  war,  in  1755-6,  Lieut.-Col. 
(afterwards  General)  George  Washington,  and  several  of  his  officers,  while 
their  headquarters  were  at  Winchester,  boarded  at  the  hotel  of  Mr.  Bush — 
who  ever  after  talked  with  enthusiasm  of  the  young  colonel,  of  his  noble 
dignity  and  the  singular  power  he  acquired  over  all  around  him,  and  how, 
even  while  he  was  young,  his  officers  and  friends,  much  as  they  loved  him, 
were  controlled  and  restrained  by  his  presence.  Bishop  Meade,  in  his  re- 
markably interesting  work  on  the  "  Old  Churches,  Ministers  and  Families  of 
Virginia,"  mentions  Philip  Bush,  among  many  of  the  marked  men  who  emi- 
grated to  Kentucky  at  a  very  early  day ;  and  Gen.  Cass,  in  his  "  France,  its 
King,  Court,  and  Government,"  p.  113,  described  him  as  he  was  in  1797,  as 
portly,  ruddy,  though  advanced  in  life,  with  a  large  broad-brimmed  hat,  and 
with  his  full  clothes  of  the  olden  time,  looking  the  very  patriarch  of  his  es- 
tablishment. No  resting  place  in  all  that  valley  was  more  coveted  than  this, 
a  model  of  neatness  and  comfort.  When  the  Duke  of  Orleans  (afterwards 
Louis  Phillippe,  King  of  France,  from  1830-48)  left  France  to  avoid  arrest, 
during  her  great  revolution,  he  and  two  younger  brothers  stopped  in  1797  at' 
Mr.  Bush's  hotel.  While  their  first  meal  was  being  prepared,  Mr.  Bush  and 
the  king,  who  had  recently  visited  .Mannheim,  talked  in  German  of  the  grand 
old  town,  its  people  and  attractions.  As  one  brother  was  indisposed,  the 
king  suggested  a  wish  for  his  party  to  eat  by  themselves — a  touch  of  royal- 
blood  exclusiveness  that  roused  the  revolutionary  blood  of  the  old  German  to 
Bay — "  If  you  are  too  good  to  eat  at  tlie  same  table  with  my  other  guests,  you 
are  too  good  to  eat  in  my  house  ;  begone  I"     And  they  went. 

It  was  on  this  tour,  that  the   royal   party   visited   Kentucky,   entering  at 


ART  AND  ARTISTS.  625 

Maysville,  and  stopping,  also,  at  Lexington,  Louisville,  Bardstown,  and  other 
points,  on  down  to  Nashville.  The  duke  was  so  delighted  with  his  reception 
at  Bairdstown,  as  it  was  then  called,  that,  forty  years  after,  when  king,  he 
sent  to  Bishop  Flaget  a  clock  for  his  cathedral  at  that  place. 

Joseph  H.  Bush  early  developed  a  taste  for  sketching,  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  was  sent  by  his  parents  to  Philadelphia,  under  the  care  of  their 
friend,  Henry  Clay,  and  placed  under  the  art  instruction  of  the  distinguished 
artist,  Thomas  Sully.  He  remained  there  for  three  years,  pursuing  at  the  same 
time  his  academic  education.  New  Orleans,  Natchez,  and  Louisville  were 
the  chosen  points  where  he  spent  much  of  his  professional  life,  meeting  with 
constant  and  gratifying  success. 

His  most  noted  paintings  are  those  of  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor  (full  length), 
Gov.  John  Adair,  Dr.  Benjamin  W.  DudleY,  Judge  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  Gen. 
George  Rogers  Clark,  and  Gen,  Martin  D.  Hardin.  That  he  was  not  famous 
in  the  old  world,  and  in  the  art  world  everywhere,  was  because  he  had  not 
that  desire  for  travel  abroad,  and  for  free  association  with  the  noisy  and 
active  ones  of  his  profession,  which  would  have  given  him  a  prominence  he 
did  not  yearn  for.  He  was  content  to  know  that  the  emanations  of  his  pencil 
were  admired  and  prized  by  those  he  was  proud  to  call  his  friends.  He  was 
never  married. 

His  brother,  Dr.  James  M.  Bush,  for  many  years  one  of  the  leadin£  professors 
in  the  Transylvania  Medical  School,  was  still  in  active  practice  in  Lexincrton, 
in  July,  1874. 

For  half  a  century  past,  Henry  Clay  has  been  regarded  in  America,  if  not 
throughout  the  entire  political  world,  as  the  greatest  of  American  statesmen. 
With  like  unanimity  did  the  entire  art  world,  in  1874,  concede  that  Joel  T. 
H.\RT  was  the  greatest  of  sculptors,  living  or  dead.  If  such  fame  were  worth 
the  struggle,  he  had  now  attained  it.  If  such  determination  brings  its  own 
reward, "then  had  he  twice  accomplished  the  purpose  of  his  life. 

Mr.  Hart  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1810,  in  Clark  county.  His  school 
life  was  but  three  months  long ;  but  his  desire  to  learn  was  not  easily  limited, 
and  of  evenings  he  pored  over  books  by  the  light  of  a  wood  fire.  He  earned 
his  subsistence  by  rough  stone-work,  particularly  in  building  chimneys  and 
a  few  fences.  In  1830,  or  by  one  account  as  late  as  1835,  he  removed  to 
Lexington,  and  in  a  marble-yard  made  his  first  essay  at  engraving  letters  on 
a  tombstone.  This  was  one  advance  towards  imparting  shape  and  expression 
to  marble.  Little  by  little,  as  if  working  out  an  unknown  problem,  Hart 
seemed  to  gain  upon  that  undeveloped  idea  that  was  moving  him  onward. 
Just  then  he  met  with  Shobal  Vail  Clevenger,  of  Cincinnati,  a  stonecutter 
like  himself,  whose  first  essay  at  sculpture  was  in  carving  an  angel  upon  a 
tombstone.  Although  two  years  younger  than  Hart,  he  had  seen  more  of  art, 
and  was  fast  developing  the  quiet  genius  that  even  before  his  early  death  at 
sea  in  1843,  when  only  32,  gave  him  name  and  fame  and  promise  of  fortune. 
He  let  a  flood  of  light  in  upon  the  hopeful  mind  of  young  Hart,  who  thus  saw 
the  world  with  new  eyes,  as  it  had  not  appeared  to  him  before.  He  was  no 
longer  a  mere  stone-mason,  but  had  bounded  into  the  highest  sphere  of  the 
mason's  art;  he  was  a  sculptor.  He  studied  anatomy  at  tlie  old  Medical 
College  in  Lexington,  as  indispensable  to  statuary  exactness. 

His  first  eifort'in  the  line  of  his  new  profession  was  a  bust  of  a  young  man 
of  his  own  age,  then  fast  rising  into  prominence,  Cassius  M.  Clay.  This  was 
true  to  life,  and  followed  by  busts  of  Andrew  Jackson,  John  J.  Crittenden, 
and  Henry  Clay,  which  gave  him  popular  appreciation  at  once.  The  "Ladies' 
Clay  Association,"  of  Kiohmond,  Va.,  in  1846,  commissioned  him  to  execute 
a  statue  of  Henry  Clay.  Upon  the  model  of  this  he  spent  three  years, 
studying  from  life;  he  knew  it  would  bring  him  fame,  and  he  admired  the 
noble  man.  He  went  to  Florence,  Italy,  in  the  fall  of  1849,  to  transfer  his 
work  to  marble;  for  a  year,  waited  for  his  model,  only  to  learn  that  it  had 
been  sliipwreoked  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay.  A  duplicate  model  at  home  was 
sent  for.  Other  delays  occurred.  Years  rolled  on,  and  the  great  work— 
great  in  execution  and  in  character — had  its  last  touches.  It  was  shipped  on 
Aug  29,  1859,  and  set  up  in  the  capitol  grounds  at  Richmond.  The  city  of 
1...40 


626  ART  AND  ARTISTS. 

New  Orleans  ordered  a  colossal  bronze  statue  of  Mr.  Clay ;  and  the  beautiful 
marble  statue  of  him  which  adorns  the  inner-rotunda  of  the  court-house  at 
Louisville  was  inaugurated  May  30,  1867. 

During  these  years,  Mr.  Hart  was  not  idle.  The  teeming  imagery  of  his 
brain  brought  life  and  beauty  from  the  chisel  and  cold  marble.  The  marble 
ceased  to  be  cold,  and  glowed  with  warmth  and  leeling  and  intelligence. 
He  has  executed  many  portrait-busts — among  them  those  of  Gen.  Zachary 
Taylor,  Col.  Gregory,  Robert  Wicklitfe,  and  duplicates  of  his  previous  busts 
— some  of  them  remarkable  for  a  look  of  flesh,  truthful  in  expression,  and 
seemingly  almost  inssinct  with  life. 

But  it  is  his  ideal  pieces  which  are  most  appreciated  in  the  art  world,  and 
excite  the  most  thrilling  emotions  of  the  beautiful.  His  "Angelina"  and 
"11  Penseroso''  cause  bursts  of  enthusiasm  at  the  very  sight.  Another,  is  a 
figure  of  a  child  examining  a  flower,  while  she  holds,  in  her  other  hand,  her 
apron  full  of  flowers.  But  poetry  and  sentiment  and  skill  have  combined  in 
a  master-piece  that  will  live,  and  be  known,  as  only  one  modern  piece  is 
known — the  "  Greek  Slave  "  of  his  celebrated  compeer,  Hiram  Powers,  who 
had  no  petty  jealousy  to  restrain  him  from  saying  that  "  Hart  is  the  best 
sculptor  in  the  world."  In  1866,  this  piece  was  called  "  Woman  Triumphant," 
but  since  has  been  better  known  as  "  The  Triumph  of  Chastity."  it  is  de- 
scribed, by  a  Kentuckian  who  saw  it  in  1871,  as  "  a  group  of  two  tigurea 
only — a  perfect  woman  and  a  charming  cupid.  Love,-  in  the  shape  of  a  be- 
witching oupid,  has  assailed  the  fair  one — has  shot  arrow  after  arrow,  all  of 
which  are  broken,  and  have  fallen  at  her  feet.  His  quiver  is  exhausted,  the 
last  shaft  has  failed  of  the  mark,  and  this  splendid  woman  has  caugiit  the 
barbed  arrow,  and  with  her  left  hand  has  raised  it  above  her  head  out  of 
reach  of  the  villainous  little  tempter,  who  struggles  hopelessly  on  tiptoe  to 
regain  it. 

"  The  composition  tells  its  own  story.  Virtue  is  assailed — reason  is  brought 
to  bear,  and  all  attacks  are  harmless.  It  is,  indeed,  woman's  triumph — the 
triumph  of  chastity.  Believing  that  his  own  countrywomen  are  unsurpassed 
for  loveliness  and  power,  he  has  endeavored,  and  successfully,  to  produce  the 
highest,  purest,  and  most  captivating  type  of  the  American  woman. 

"  The  art  correspondent  at  Florence  of  the  London  Athenoeum — a  paper  of 
recognized  authority  in  art  matters — said,  in  1871,  that  he  considered  it  the 
finest  work  in  existence;  and  that  in  1868  he  had  begged  Mr.  Hart  to  finish 
it  at  once,  but  he  would  not ;  each  year  it  grew  more  beautiful,  and  he  now 
feared  to  urge  its  completion  against  the  artist's  better  judgment.  Other  art 
correspondents  of  Loudon  journals  years  ago  pronounced  it  the  work  of 
modern  times,  and  other  writers  all  agree  as  to  its  perfection." 

An  art  enthusiast  has  offered  §15,000  for  it,  when  completed  in  marble  (it 
is  now  only  in  pure  clay);  but  the  old  Kentucky  sculptor  thought,  in  1874, 
he  could  yet  add  to  its  beauty,  although  for  nineteen  long  years  he  had  toned 
and  tempered  and  modeled  it.  When  chided  by  an  admiring  friend  for 
spending  so  many  years  upon  one  group,  he  said,  with  an  exalted  faith  in 
his  art,  "  The  Almighty  does  not  see  tit  to  make  a  perfect  woman  in  less  than 
eighteen  years,  and  can  1  hope  to  make  a  perfect  model  in  less?" 

When  lie  returned  from  Italy  in  1860,  for  a  year,  the  city  of  Lexington  re- 
ceived him  with  becoming  respect  and  honor,  and  other  places  showed  him 
marked  consideration.  When  the  legislature  of  Kentucky,  on  Jan.  23,  1860, 
appropriated  $10,000  toward  the  completion  of  the  Henry  Clay  monument  at 
Lexington,  it  was  understood  that  the  statue  was  to  be  the  handiwork  of  .Mr. 
Hart.  But  part  of  the  appropriation  was  used  to  pay  debts,  and  a  stranger 
executed  the  statue.  The  legislature,  on  Feb.  5,  1874,  appropriated  §1,700 
to  purchase,  from  Mr.  Hart's  agent,  busts  of  Henry  Clay  and  Andrew  Jack- 
sou,  for  the  state-house  at  Frankfort.  It  would  redound  to  the  good  taste 
and  honor  of  the  State,  if  she  would  invite  the  now  aged  sculptor  to  execute 
busts  or  statues  of  Daniel  Boone,  Simon  Kenton,  George  Rogers  Clark,  and 
Isaac  Shelby,  for  four  niches  in  the  rotunda  of  the  state-house. 

For  some  notice  of  Mr.  Hart  as  a  poet,  see  page  587. 


TABLES  OF  DISTANCES 


lUTEB,  EAILEOAD,  AND  OTHER  BOCTES  OF  TRAVEL  IS  KENTUCKY. 


OHIO    RIVER. 
Col.  Wm.  E.  Merrill,  Major  of  Engineers,  in  charge  of  the  U.  S.  engineer 
office  at  Cincinnati,  on  Sept.  10,  1873,  prepared  the  following  circular  of  in- 
formation about  the   bridges  over  the  Ohio  river,  the  width  of  the  channel 
spans,  the  highest  and  lowest  stages  of  water,  and  the  several  water  gauges : 


LOCAIITT. 

ABOVE 
FT.      IN. 

„.,0„T 

CnrNNK?  SMN. 

"'""""'""■ 

HIGH 

'■^J".l 

'™ 

Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh 

Steubenville.... 
Wheeling 

56'  6" 

36'  6" 

90' 

91' 

90' 

90' 

90' 

90' 

98'  6" 

101'  6" 

96'  6" 
90' 

43' 5" 
45'  9" 
43'  2" 

2V 

45' 

47'  7" 
40' 
40' 
40' 

ti: 

39' 

45'  6" 
45'  6" 
3'  9" 
6'   1" 
3'  6" 

196' 
138' 
303' 3" 
680' 
322' 
320' 
326'  6" 
326'  6" 
400'  3" 

885' 
380' 
352'  3" 

98' 

86' 6" 

80' 

Pan-Handle  Railroad  Bridge 

307' 

Suspension  Bridge 

B.  and  0.  R.  R.  Bridge  (east  channel).. 
B.  and  0.  R.  R.  Bridge  (west  channel).. 
B.  and  0.  R.  R.  Bridge  (east  channel).. 
B.  and  0.  R.  R.  Bridge  (west  channel).. 
Newport  and  Cincinnati  R.  R.  Bridge.. 
Covington  and  Cincinnati   Suspension 

870; 

Bellaire 

326'  8" 

Parkersburg.... 
Parkersburg.... 
Cincinnati 

Cincinnati 

Louisville........ 

Louisville 

Louisville 

Louisville 

Louisville 

330'  6' 
■  330'  6" 
406'  5" 

R.ailroad  Bridge  (Indiana  channel) 

"             "        (middle   channel) 

"             "       (draw  over  canal) 

Elm-Tree  Garden  Bridge  over  canal.... 
Draw-head  at  head  of  the  new  Locks... 

384'  3" 
356' 

98' 

86'  6" 

80' 

The  width  of  the  channel  in  high  water  is  always  from  four  to  si.x  feet  greater  than 
in  low  water,  on  account  of  the  slope  of  the  sides  of  the  piers.  Wherever  greater  dif- 
ferences are  indicated  in  the  above  columns  they  are  due  to  the  shore  extending  into 
the  low-water  channel. 

WATER    GAUGES. 

The  gauge  cut  in  the  river  face  of  the  foundation  wall  of  the  Newport  Water-works 
is  intended  to  show  the  space  under  the  Newport  and  Cincinnati  Bridge.  An  allow- 
ance of  a  foot  should  be  made  for  variations  in  slope  of  river  between  these  water-works 
and  the  bridge.  By  subtracting  these  readings  from  100,  the  same  stage  of  water  will 
be  found  as  is  shown  by  the  Cincinnati  gauge. 

The  gauge  painted  on  the  North  channel  pier  of  the  Newport  and  Cincinnati  Bridge 
gives  the  same  readings  as  the  gauge  of  the  Cincinnati  Water-works.  Subtract  the 
readings  of  this  gauge  from  100,  and  you  obtain  the  space  under  the  bridge.  High 
water  of  1832  re.ads  64'  on  the  Cincinnati  gauge,  and  low  water  reads  1'  6".  The 
greatest  oscillation  of  the  water  surface  is,  therefore,  sixty-two  and  A  half  feet. 

The  upper  gauge  of  the  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal  is  cut  on  the  upper  wall  of 
the  guard-lock  at  the  head  of  the  canal,  and  is  repeated  above  the  lower  guard  gates. 
The  space  under  the  bridges  over  the  canal  can  be  obtained  by  subtr.acting  the  reading 
of  the  gauge  from  the  following  numbers  : 

For  space  under  railroad  draw-bridge  subtract  gauge  reading  from  44'  6". 

For  space  under  Elm  Tree  Garden  Bridge  subtract  gauge  reading  from  46'  10". 

For  space  under  draw-bridge  at  head  of  locks  subtract  gauge  reading  from  44'  3". 

High  water  of  1832  reads  40'  9"  on  the  upper  Louisville  gauge,  and  low  water  of 
1866  re.ads  1'  1".  This  low  water  reading  will  probably  never  occur  again,  on  account 
of  the  dams  recently  built.     The  oscillation  at  the  head  of  the  falls  is,  therefore,  39'  8". 

The  lower  Louisville  gauge  is  on  the  tail-wall  below  the  locks,  on  the  wall  above 
the  locks  and  below  the  draw- bridge.  On  this  gauge,  high  water  of  1832  reads  67' 6"  ; 
lowwaterof  1856  reads  1'.     Therange  between  low  and  high  water  is  thus  66>^  feet. 

The  Cairo  gauge  is  at  the  freight  depot  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Low  water 
of  December  24,  1871,  was  1  foot  below  0  of  the  gauge,  or,  in  other  words,  it  reads  on 
the  gauge  —1'.  High  water  of  1867  reads  61'  on  the  gauge.  The  greatest  oscillation 
is,  therefore,  52  feet. 

Bacon  Rock,  in   the  mouth  of   the    Ohio,    makes    its  appearance  when  the  Cairo 

(C27) 


gauge  reads  2  feet. 
has  about  6  inch^ 
Bacon  Rock,  and  i 


■  Rock  is  fi70  feet  north  by  west  from  Bacon  Rock,  and 
on  it.  Weston  Rock  is  450  feet  east  northwest  from 
water  on  it  when  the  gauge  reading  is  0.     To  get  the 


For  Bacon  Rock,  subtract  two  fei 
For  Grand  Tower  Rock,  subtract 
For  Weston  Rock,  add  one  and 


;  from  the  gauge  reading. 


half  feet  to  the  gauge  reading. 
DISTANCES    ALONG  THE    OHIO    KIVER. 
From    official    surveys    made    by  the  U.  S.  government,  between  1838  and  1868. 


The  distances  are 

given  to 

the  nearest  half 

or  quarter 

of  a  mile. 

£  =  i    SI 

oj  si 

lifli 

eI|  i| 

^1^1 

mn 

Pittsburgh 

Saw  Mill  run 

0       0 

Sardis    Ohio 

130J^  3K 

Sheridan  Coal 

iM  IK 

2M  1 
3K     M 

Whitton'sHouse, 

0134       Z% 
136       2 

Works,  0 318       3K 

Cork's  run 

Ashland,  Ky 320K  2K 

Ironton,  0 325       45i 

Charliers  creek.... 

Matamoras,  Ohio 

.141K  5K 

Jack's  run 

4K  IK 

53-.;  1 

Petticoat  bar 

..146K  5K 
.151       4K 

Hanging  Rock,  0.327K  2K 
Union  Landing,  0.329K  2 

Horsetail  ripple... 

Rea's  run,  Va.... 

Lowrie-s  ripple.... 

Va  154 

Saint  Mary's,  Va.l54K  3K 

Greenupsburg,  Ky333K  4 

8        % 

Newport,  Ohio... 

..155K  1 

Burke's  Point,  0..341       7K 

Merri man's  ripple 

9J^  IK 

Cow  creek,  Va... 

.160?i   5K 

Pine  creek,  0 344K  3K 

"White's  ripple 

11    IK 

Carpenter's  bar.. 

.166       5K 

Sciotoville,  0 346K  2K 

Deadman's  Island  14       3 

Marietta,  Ohio... 

.171       5 

Tiger  creek,  Ky...351       4K 

Flohertj's  run 

15       1 

Briscoe  run,  Va. 

.177       6 

Portsmouth,  0 353K  2K 

Big  Sewickley  erk 

16       1 

ColcIsland,midd 

el81       4 

Turkey  creek,  0..359       5K 

Lit.  Sewickleycrk 

17       1 

Lit.Kanawharv 

183  K  2K 

Quincy,  Ky .364       5 

Logstown  bar 

18K  IK 

Parkersburg,Va 

Rockport,Ky .368%  4Ji 

Baden,  Pa 

20M  2K 

Wing-dam,  foot  of 

Buena  Vista,  0....371       2K 

Freedom,  Pa 

24K  3K 

Blannerhassefs 

.188%  5K 

RockviUe,  0 372       1 

Lacock's  bar 

25         % 

Hockhockingriv 

..190%  2 

Vanceburg,  Ky....375       3 

Big  Beaver  river 
Vanport,   Pa 

Newberry  bar... 
Big    Hockhockin 

..193       2K 
g 

Brush  creek,  0....384K  4 

Raccoon  bar,  Pa.. 

29       IK 

river,  Ohio 

.197K  4K 

Concord,  Ky 387       2% 

Raccoon  creek.  Pa 

30       1 

Bellville  Island 

..202       4K 

Wrightville,  0 388%  1% 

Montgomery  Isl'c 

32       2 

Murraysville,Vo 

..207       5 

Manchester,  0 394      4K 

Safe  Harbor,  Pa.. 

32K     K 

Portland,  0 

.214       7 

Cabin  creek,  Ky...400       6 

Shippenport,  Pa.. 

zm  2K 

Ravenswood,  Va 

..218M  m 

Brooks' bar 402%  2% 

Potts  run,  Pa 

36M  2 

Goose  Island 

.228       9K 

Maysville,  Ky..  )  .g-,,  „j , 
Aberdeen,  0 j  ^""'^  ^'^ 

Lit.  Beaver  river 

40       3K 

Letarfs  Falls... 

.234       6 

Penn.  and  Ohio  ( 
Boundary  Line,  j 

40?i     % 

Graham's  Station. 239       5 

Charleston  bar 411K  6 

Hartford  City,  V 

a.244       5 

Ripley,  0 414       3% 

Liverpool,  Ohio.. 

44       3K 

Pomeroy,0 

..248?i  i% 

Drerkj-:::::::  "^^  ^'^ 

Wellsville,  Ohio.. 

48       4 

Eight  Mile  Islan 

d255       6K 

YelUiw  creek,  0... 

50K  m 

Campaign  cr.,  0 

..260J^  5K 

Straight  creek,  0.418%  \% 

Tumbleson's    run 

53       2% 

Pt.  Pleasant,  V. 

■  263K  3K 

Higginsport,  0....421>4  3% 

New  Cumberland 

66K  3K 

BigKanawhariv 

.\ugusta,  Ky 424       2% 

King's  creek,  Ohio 
Cable's  eddy 

60K4 
64       -6% 

Gallipolis,  Ohio. 
Carrion  ripple... 
Raccoon  Island. 

.267       3K 
.271       4 

Bull  creek,  0 428       1% 

Steubenville,  Ohio 

6iy2  3K 

.273       2 

Chilo,  0 431       3 

Wellsburg,  Va.... 

n%  6K 

Chambersburg,  0.277K  4K 

Neville,  0, |    ,         , 

77K  Wa 

Bladensburg,  0. 

..279       IK 

Warrenton,  Ohio. 

81       3K 

Eighteen  Mile  cr 

..283       4 

Moscow,  0 439      4 

Pike's  Island 

83       2 

Little  Guyandot 

e 

Point  Pleasant,  0.441  K  2% 

Burlington,  Ohio. 

86       3 

river,  Va 

.285       2 

NewRichmond,0.446       4K 

Martinsville,  Ohio 

88K  2K 

Green  Bottom  rij 

.290       5 

Palestine.  0 450%  3% 

Wheeling  (or),  Va 

90     \y^ 

Millersport 

Federal  erk,.  0. 

293       3 

Buzzard'sRoost,0.454       3% 

McMahon's    creek 

Lit.  Miami  riv.  0.459%  5% 

bar,  Ohio 

94       4 

Haskellville,  0. 

..295       2 

Dayton,  Ky 464       4% 

Kate's  Rock,  Va.. 

Dogham  bar 

.299       4 

Suspen'n  Bridge] 

Lit.    Grave    creek 

BigQuyandotter 

v302?i  Z% 

Cincinnati,  0....  U66K  2K 

bar,  middle 

100       3 

Svmmes  ereek,  ( 

..306!4  3K 

Covington,  Ky..J 

Moundsville,  Va. 

101       1 

Buffalo  creek  ba 

r.308K  2 

Baldfaee  creek,  1  .»„  „,, 
SedamsviUe,  Olr^"       ^^ 

Captina  creek,  0.. 

\m%  1% 

Burlington,  0... 

.311       2% 

Fish  creek,  Va... 

113       4« 

Ccredo,  Va 

..312       1 

MeCullum'sbar...471K  2K 

Sunfish  creek,  0... 

117       4 

Big  Sandy  river 

) 

Anderson's  Ferry .473K  2 

Proctor's  run,  Va 

121K  4K 

Ky.  State  Line, 

is  UK  2K 

Rapid  Run,  0 476%  3% 

Fishing  creek,  Va 

127       b% 

Catlettsburg,Ky 

J 

Taylorsville,  Ky..478       1% 

s^ 

fi- 

Ej= 

m 

i 

^1 

m 

Muddy  creek,  O...480       2 

Works 

..6951/; 

3 

Enterprise 755>^  33-^ 

Chamberlaiii's,Ky48134  1^2 

Louisville       Ci 

y 

Point  Isabel 758      23-i 

Indian  creek,  0... 482         }i 

Landing 

..598J4  3 

French  Island 760       2 

Gen.       Harrison's 

Silver  creek 

..601 

2'/. 

Pigeon  creek,  In..766       6 

grave,  0 482?^     % 

New  Albany,  In 

1.603 

Cypress  creek,  In.767?i  \% 

Big  Miami  river  ),„.       .,. 

Middle  creek  ... 

..60H 

Newburg 769>i  \% 

Hughes'  bar.... 

.609 

Green  river,  Ky...776       53^ 

Lawrenoeburg  In.489       2 

Knob  creek 

.612 

Evansville,  Ind. ..783       8 

Petersburg  land'g491       2 

Christopher's 

Henderson,  Ky....794 341134 

Aurora,  Ind 492?^  1% 

Crossing 

.617 

Henderson,  Ind...796       1% 

Loughrey'screek.495       2K 

Pean'sWoodYard.619 

West  Franklin 8073411>2 

Kirby'3  rock 495>4     I4 

Salt  river 

..624 

Diamond     Island 

Loughrey's  Isl'd..498       2}4 

New  Boston 

.628 

foot 8II34  4 

Rising  Sun,  Ind.. 502       4 

Otter  creek 

.631 

Mt.  Vernon,  Ind.81834  ^ 

Arnold's  creek,  I..m%  2% 

Tobacco  landing 

.635 

Slim  Island  head.82234  i% 

Gunpowder  creek. 509}^  i% 

Brandenburg,  Ky.640 

Slim  Island  foot...826       i% 

Big  Bone  crk,  Ky512J4  3 

Mauckport,  Ind. 

.64234  23-i 

Louisiana  Rocks. .831       5 

Goose  creek,  Ind..514       I'A 

Amsterdam 

.650 

Va 

Uniontown,  Ky... 83234  134 

Patriot,  Ind 514M     }4 

Upper  Blue  Riv 

r 

Lower     Highland 

Sugar  creek,  Ky..618^^  4 

Island  head... 

.MM 

Rocks 834       134 

Bryant's  creek,  1.522 '|^  4 

Leavenworth,  Ir 

.668 

Wabash  Isl'd  head836       2 

Warsaw,  Ky 5233-^  I 

Fredonia 

.661 

Wabash  river,     )  „„„       „ 
lU.ilnd.bound.  1  ^^^       2 

Florence,  Ind 524).^  1 

Schooner  Point. 

.664 

Craig's  creek,  Ky.525|i  1 

Hawkins'  landin 

g668 

Wab.ash  I'd  foot..840}4    23^ 

Stevens  creek 527       1}^ 

Peckenpaw's     bar 

Raleigh 8433i  2% 

Loglickcreek,Ind528M  l>i 

head!. 

.669 

Shawneetown,  111.84734  43i 

Vevay  Island 531J^  3 

Little  Blue  river 

..672 'X 

W 

Saline  river,  111. ..856%  7 

Alton,  Ind 

.673 

Vt 

Shotwell's       Coal 

Indian  creek,  In.  535}^  2^ 

Reno,  Ind 

..677 

Bank 859       23i 

Craig's  bar 537       IJ^ 

Hatfield's  House 

.679 

Cascyville,  Ky 860  34  VA 

Carrollton,           )  , ., 

Concordia,  Kv.. 

..681 

Tradewater  river..862       134 

Mouth  Ky.  riv  |  "^'^       *     1  Davi«  land'g,  Ind  fiS2 

Weston 86434  234 

Notch  Lick  creck.543J^  2y,  .Ins.  Elsby,  Pilot 

..683 

Ford's  Ferry 866       I34 

Capt. Armstrong's  544       ly^ 

Oil  creek 

.685'/; 

2'A 

Cave-in-Rock 

Locust  creek,  Ky.644K     M 
Indian  Ky.  riv.  1.5453^  1 

Derby 

Yellow  Bank  crk 

.6S6K 
..690 

334 

Big  Hurricane 

Eagle  Hollow,  I..5oOK  5 

Chenault's    Beach 

Island  head 87334  4% 

Lonesome  H0II0W.55I14     % 

foot 

..692 

Elijabethtown 877       334 

East  St.,    |M',l'„552?i  IK 
Shipyard  1*''^  "55434  IM 
Clifty  creek,  Ind. .5553^  1 

Stephensport 

.695 

Roseclair,  111 879M  2M 

697 

Carr=ville             .  881 34  1% 

Holt's  bar 

,,698 

Golconda,  111 890       83-^ 

Hanover  land'g...557>2'  2 

.703 

Prior  Island 893       3 

Reed's  landing,  )  ,„,  j ,  ,3, 
Plowhandle  pl  j  ^^^^^  ^^ 

Cloverport,  Ky. 

.705 

Sisters  Isl'd  head.896       3 

Faucett's  creek. 

.706 

Bay  City,  III 899       3 

New  London,  In..562'4  IJi 

Millstone  creek. 

.71034  434 

Stewart's  I'd  head901       2 

Big  Solady  creek.564?i  2H 

Rock  Island 

..713 

2'/, 

Dog  Island  head.906       5 

Corn  creek,  Ky.... 56634  1% 
Bethlehem,  Ind. ..570       3M 

Hawesville 

4 

Smithland,  Ky....908       2 
Pulltight,  or  West 

Tell  City,  Ind.. 

..720 

3 

AVestport.  Ky 57534  2'A 

Troy 

.724 

4 

Liberty 90934  ^M 

Eighteen  Mile  I'd578       234 

Lewisport 

..731 

7 

Paducah,  Ky 920     1034 

Hcrculancum,  Ind58034  2>^ 
Fourteen  Mile  ck.58534  5 

Grandview 

Brooklyn 923       3 

Metropolis,  III. ...929       6 

Honey  creek.... 

.738}i  2M 

Charleston  land'g.586  34  1 

Rockport,  Ind.. 

..7403^  214 

Hillerman's 939     10 

Twelve  Mile  Isrd.588}4  2 

Upp'rYellowBan 
Island  head... 

k 

Caledonia 951     12 

Utica,  Ind 69134  3 

..745 

4'/? 

Mound  City,  III.. .959       8 

Six  Mile  Island. ..59234  1 

Owensboro 

.749 

4 

Cairo,  111.,           1  „„.       „ 
Mouth  Ohio  riv.  P""       ° 

Louisville    Water 

Bonharbor 

..752 

3 

Tiocality.  County.       Miles. 

Mouth,  at  Covington, 

Kenton     0 
Falmouth,     Pendleton  5134 
Claysville,       Harrison  11% 
Panther  creek,      "         9132 


LICKING   RIVER. 
Lower  Blue  Licks, 

Nicholas  98 
Fleming  ok.,  Fleming  107 
Sberburn,  "         12734 

Ringo's  Mill,        "        14034 
Mouth  of  Slate,  Bath  145 


lies'  Mill  Bath  1633^ 

Gill's  Mill  "     182 

Beaver  creek,  19234 

Blackwater  creek,         212 
McClure's  Mill,  225 

West  Liberty,  Morgan  231 


DISTANCES. 


KENTUCKY    RIVER. 


Mouth  of  Ky.  rivor... 

Worthville 

Lane's  landing 

Marion 

Ball's  landing 

Springport 

Drennon  creek 

Clay  Lick  and  Gratz.. 

Lockport 

Pot  riffle  .... 


veil. 


,  Skybville.113     9 
...135     2 


Logansport 139     4 

Clark's  ferry 151  15 

Morgantown 153     i 

Woodbury 158     ! 

Clark's  landing 163     t 

Greencastle,  I  iti   i- 


33     2 
37     4 


43 


46 


Burns'  landing 

Sand  riffle 

PoUsgrove 51 

Elkhorn  creek 54 

Frankfort 66 

Woodford  landing SO 

Utterback's     "  85 

Shryock's        "  86 

Wilson's  "  90 

Wilhoit'B         "  94 

McConn's       "  95 

Oregon 99 

Munday's  landing Ill 

Cogar's  "  115 

Shaker's  ferry 120 

Hickman  bridge 140  20 

Sugar  creek. 
P.iint  Lick.. 

Silver  creek 153     3 

Tate's  creek. 
Clav's  ferry.. 
Middle  Fork 

Beattyville,    \- 255  80 

Proctor. 


GREEN    RIVl 


Mouth  of  Green  river     0 

Spottsville 8 

Mason's  landing 16 

Burk's  Mill 22 

Calhoun's  ferry 26 

Cardsville 29 

Harreldson's  landing.  36 

Bottom's  landing 40 

Steamport 47 

Wrightsburg 52 

Whitesburg,           |     _  53 
Payne's  landing,  J  "■ 
Ashleysburg 58 

J^uS;}  f 

Livermore 76 

Point  Pleasant 79 

South  CarroUton 88 

Lewisburg 90 

Ceralvo 96 

Airdrie  works 103 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER. 

Northward, 
Cairo  to  Si.  Paul,  Minn. 
airo.  111 


;ape  1 


rdeau.  Mo., 


Mouth  of  White  river...  419 
Napoleon,  Ark.  )         ,„g 

Mouth  of  Ark.  river  J  ■"  *" 

Columbia,  Ark 489 

Greenville,  Miss 500 

Lake  Providence,  La....  554 

Vickfburg,  Miss 629 

Warrenton,  Miss 639 

Grand  Gulf,  Miss 679 

St.  Joseph,  La 695 

Rodney,  Miss 700 

Natchez,  Miss 749 

Mouth  of  Red  river 806 

Bayou  Sara,  La  849 

Port  Hudson,  La 861 

Baton  Rouge,  La 879 

Plaquemine,  La 900 

Donaldsonville,  La 934 

New  Orleans,  La 1009 

Fort  Jackson,  La 1079 

Mouth  of  Mississippi 1110 


111. 


Grand  Tower,  III 80 

New  Liberty,  Mo 107 

Chester,  111 117 

St.  Mary's,  Mo 127 

askaskia,  111 132 

St.  Genevieve,  Mo 137 

Selma 159 

Harrisonville,  111 170 

Sulphur  Springs,  Mo....  178 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo.  190 

St.  Louis,  Mo 200 

Alton,  111  225 

Cap  au  Gris,  Mo 265 

Louisiana,  Mo 314 

Hannibal,  Mo 344 

Quiney,  111 364 

Canton,  Mo 384 

Keokuk,  Iowa 408 

Fort  Madison,  Iowa 432 

Burlington,  Iowa 455 

Muscatine,  Iowa 517 

Burlington,  Iowa  )  ..-r 

Kock  Island,  111.,  1  "' 

f-l'^".  I""    I  592 

Lyons,  Iowa,  j 
Dubuque,  lo 
Dunleith,  II 
Prairie  du  Chien,  W 
La  Crosse,  Wis 
Winona,  M 
Lake  City,  Min 
Red  Wing,  Mil 
Hastings,  Mini 

St.  Paul,  Minn i 

St.  Anthony,  Minn 1( 

Cairo  to  New  Orleans. 

Cairo,  111 

Columbus,  Ky 

Hickman,Ky  .(Mills  Pt.) 

New  Madrid,  Mo 

Point  Pleasant,  Mo 83 

Gayoso,  Mo 114 

Fulton,  Tenn 169 

Randolph,  Tenn 179 

Memphis,  Tenn 239 

Helena,  Ark 329 

Yazoo  Pass,  Miss 335 

Friar's  Point,  Miss 341 


CUMBERLAND  RIVER. 

The  following  ale  the  reporUd 
distances  to  the  usual  land- 
iLgB.  The  U.  S.  government 
survey  makes  the  distance 
to  Nashville  9  miles  less  and 
to  Point  Burnside  20  miles 
less,  and  other  points  cor- 
respondingly less. 


Fowler's, 

Doomer's,  " 

Dunlap's,  " 

Kelly's,  " 

Nine  Mile  ferry, 
Sandy  creek,         " 
Shelby's,  " 

Pinckneyville,      " 
Clay  Lick  creek,  " 
Cobb's  Furnace,   " 
Couch's,        Crittende 
Dycusburg,  " 

Livingston  creek," 


Hillman's  RoUi 
Fulton  Fur 
Empire  Furnace, 
Rockcastle, 


DISTANCES. 

Little  river, 

Trigg 

..67  Hale's,  Cheatham,  Tenn.1751 

Canton  skiff  shop, 

Sherrin's,                 " 
Demaconber's 

176 

Shoemaker's, 

" 

69 

177 

Canton, 

" 

71 

Bee's,     Davidson,  Tenn,17S| 

Hobson's, 

" 

72 

Dozier's, 

"  179 

Carson's, 

" 

75 

Twentv-fiveMileferry,"  182| 

Abernathey's, 

" 

76 

Adelaide  Mills, 

"  183 

Laura  Furnace, 

" 

77 

Bell's  Mill, 

"  187 

Holland, 

" 

78 

Hillsboro  Furnace, 

"  188 

Live  Island. 

80 

Hyde's, 

"  189 

Linton, 

" 

81 

Hyde's  ferry, 

"  196 

Lineport, 

" 

83 

Page's  ferry. 

"  198 

Vinson's;  Stewart, 

Tenn 

...84 

Nashville, 

"  201 

Tobaccoport, 

" 

85 

Crab  Island, 

"  219 

Saline  creek, 

" 

86 

Stone  river. 

"  221 

Hale's, 

" 

88 

Hill's  Island, 

"  226 

Nolen's, 

" 

91 

Drake's  creek,    Sumr 

er..231 

IronMuunt.Furnaoe," 

92 

Gallatin  landing,     " 

251 

Jackaou's, 

" 

94 

Cole's  ferry, 

256 

Kelly's, 

" 

95 

Cairo,                          " 

261 

Peytona  Furnace, 

" 

97 

Stubblefield,     Trousc 

ale.271 

Fort  Donelson, 

" 

99 

Whitley's  Rock,       " 

271 

Dover, 

" 

100 

Bennett's  ferry,  1    „ 
McDonald,           J 

276 

StoU's, 

" 

101 

Bellwood  Furnace 

" 

105 

Hartsville,                " 

301 

N.  Cross  creek, 

107 

Cedar  Bluff               " 

311 

Cumberl'droU'gm 

'"il 

108 

Dixon's  Springs,  1  „ 

316 

R.  &  R.  Furnace, 

110 

Dr.  Alexander's,  J 

Bull-Pasture, 

" 

111 

Possum  Gut,            Smith.321 

Checkered  House, 

" 

112 

R.)me, 

"     326 

Noler's, 

"1 

113 

McKee's  warehouse. 

"     .331 

Smith's, 

" 

114 

Carthage,      1 

"     341 

James', 

116 

Caney  fork,  J 

Cumberland  City, 

" 

117 

Defeated  creek. 

"     353 

Bowling  Green, 

118 

Stone  Bridge, 

"     363 

Valley  Forge, 

" 

120 

Buffalo, 

'<     373 

Sailor's  Rest, 

" 

121 

Horicon  creek. 

"     398 

Poplar  Springs, 

Granville,            Jackson.383 

Montg 

omery.12.5 

Holiman'slsle 

Dr.  Marable's, 

124 

or  ferry, 

388 

New  York, 

" 

125 

Flynn's  Lick, 

395 

Carbondale, 

" 

127 

Highland, 

402 

Outlaw's, 

" 

128 

Jennings'' creek,      ' 

407 

Palmyra, 

" 

129 

Gainsborough,          ' 

412 

Brown's, 

" 

134 

Webster's  creek,       ' 

414 

Kentucky, 

" 

136 

Bloomfield, 

416 

Linwood, 

" 

137 

Scantling  Island,    ' 

421 

Freece's, 

" 

138 

Brimstone,      Clay,T 

enn.426 

Red  riv^r. 

« 

139 

Turkey  creek,        " 

431 

Claeksvillk, 

» 

140 

Butler's,                  " 

436 

Searcy's  ferry, 

" 

143 

Celina,                     " 

444 

Seven  Mile  ferry. 

" 

147 

Martinsburg,Monro6 

,Ky452 

Hurricane  cree<' 

'" 

151 

McMillan's,  1 
Tompkins',  \ 

458 

Davis  riffle. 

" 

153 

Carrollsville, 

154 

Gerald's,           )      ,< 

463 

Major's  Mill, 

" 

155 

Kirkpatrick's,  J 

Moseby's  ferry, 

" 

156 

Carey's  ferry,          " 

468 

Baiter's, 

" 

157 

Mud  Camp,             " 

473 

Asie's, 

" 

159 

Cloyd's  warehouse, 

Betseytown, 

" 

160 

Cumber 

and.478 

Raworth's,        Cheatham. 161 

Gallowov, 

483 

Newton's, 

162 

Neeley's  ferry,       " 

488 

Edwards', 

163 

Burksville, 

496 

Purdon's, 

164 

AmandaviUe, 

Harpeth  river. 

166 

Scott's  ferry,          " 

501 

Stewart's, 

167 

Renoi  creek. 

604 

Gebber's, 

169 

Crocus  creek,          " 

509 

Byff  creek, 

170 

Bakerton, 

514 

Sycamore, 

171 

Creelsboro,  Russell, 

Ky..524 

Ashland, 

172 

Rowena,                  " 

539 

Marrowbone, 

" 

174 

1  Greasy  creek,         " 

654 

631 

If  creek,    Russell,  Ky.552 

Norman's,  or       )  ,„ ,-. 

Montieellolan'gj^^''y°''"^ 
Mill  Sprirgs,  "      592 

sboro   or     1  pu,aski.607 

irset  lan'gj 

Burn'd'e^'pt.;}  Whitley.616 
.forkof  Cumberl'd]  ,,  „,. 
r  New  river,  |        ^^^ 

mith's  shoal,  foot  "  617 
Shadowen's  shoal,  h'd,"  626 
Rockcastle  river,Pulaski.646 
el  river,  Laurel. ..660 
Cumberland  falls,Whitley660 
Williamsburg,  or  1  „  „.„ 
Whitley  C.  H.,      J  """ 


TENNE,SSEE    RIVER. 

.andiiiK.  (Joniity.  Mil!"" 
Paducah,  McCraeken...  0 
Altona,  Marshall...  — 

Birmingham,  "  30 

Fown's,  "  36 

Aurora,  "  40 

Galloway's,  Calloway...  47 
Pine  Bluff,  "         .    65 

Paris  landing,Henry,Ten.60 
Mouth  of  Sandy,  "  64 
Onward,  "        72 

Newport,  "         79 

Park's,  '  "        90 

Reynoldsb'g,  Humphreys96 

S^s'Lry,}    "       l"" 

Ross' ferry,  "      103 

Fowler's,  "      111 

Duck  river,  "      113 

Peacock's,  "      117 

Britt's,  Perry...l20 

Brodie's,  Decatur... 125 


ille, 


133 


Brownsport,  "  139 

Carrollville,  Wayne. ..160 
Clifton,  "         162 

Patton's  ferry,  "  172 
Saltville,  "         177 

Coffee,  McNairy...l92 

Savannah,  Hardin...  199 
Crump's,  "  203 

Hamburg,  MeNairy...211 
Eastport,  Mississippi. 237 
Chickasaw,  Alabama. ..239 
Waterloo,  "  240 

Georgetown,  "  250 

Blue  Spring,  "  258 

Newport,  "  261 


ibia 


BIO  SANDY  KIVER. 


Five  Mile  shoal 

Paint  creek, 
Prestonsburg, 
Beaver  creek, 
Pikeville 


DISTANCES 


KENTUCKY  CENTRAL 
RAILROAD. 

From  Covington  to  Lexington. 

Stations.  County.        Miles. 

CovingtoD,Keuton...O       0 
S.  Covington,    "         2}4  2X 
DeCoursey,       "         6M  2?i 
Culbertson,       "         7       1% 
Giant,  "       10       3 

Ryland,  "       12%.  2% 

Canton,  "       Uyi  2 

Benton,  "       18       3% 

MuUins,  "       201^  2h 

DeMossville,  24>-s  4 

Butler,  Pendleton..28       3}4 
Meridian,       "         29       1 
Boston,  "         30 14  IK 

Ivving,  "         32       Xy^ 

Catawba,        "         36       3 
Falmouth,      "         39       4 
Livingood,      "         43^  i% 
Morgan,  "         i6]4  ^h 

Boyd,      Harrison. ..505^  i\i 
Berry's,  "         53J<  2M 

Robinson,       "         5634  ^'z- 
Garrett,  "         59       214 

Poindexter,  "  6014 
CyntWana,  "  65  K 
Lair,  "        69       3}^ 

Shawhan,Bourbon.72M  3% 
Kiser,  "         74K  Va 

Talbott,  "         761^  2^ 

Paris,  "         80       3}^ 

Wriglit,  "         82?i  2% 

Huston,  "         84M  2 

Hutchison,     "         87  M  3 
Lowe,  "         90'A  2% 

Bryan,     Fayette...93X  2% 
Duncan,  "         96J4  3 

Lexington,     "         99       2% 
McLear,  "       104       5 

Providence, 

Jessamine.!  06  2 
Catnip  Hill,  "  108  2 
Hill  Dale,  "  110  2 
Nicholasville"       112       2 


17 


MAYSVILLE  AND    LEX 

INGTON    RAILRO.^D. 

MaysviUe  to  Paris. 

Maysviile,        Mason...     0 
Summit,  "  i 

Clark,  "  7 

Marshall,  "  8 

Mill  Creek,  "  H 

Helena,  "  13 

Johnson,         Fleming. ..16 
Bruce,  "  1'? 

Elizaville,  "  18 

Ewing,  "  20 

Cow.S,  "  22 

Licking,         Nicholas. ..26 
Mye.-^  ;;  28 

Carlisle,  33 

Miller's,  "  36 

Millersburg,     Bourbon..41 
New  Forest,  "  46 

Paris,  "  ^O 

To  Lexington,  Fayette.69 


LOUISVILLE,    CINCIN- 
NATI, AND  LEXINGTON 
RAILROAD, 
and  Connections. 
Louiaville  to  Cincinnati. 

(Short  Line). 

tions.  County.    Miles. 

Louisville,     Jefferson..     0 

L.l-N.R.E.Junc,  "  1 

Fair  Grounds,         "  4 

Woodlaw'n,  "  7 

Lyndon,  "  8 

Ormsby's,  "         10 

Anchorage,  "         12 

Obannon's,  "         13 

Valley,  Oldh 
Rhorcr's,  " 

Baird's,  "         i» 

Brownsboro,  "         21 

Buckner's,  "         23 

Lagrange,  "         27 

Lexington  Juno.,  "  28 
Pendleton,  Henry. ..33 
Sulphur,  "         36 

Campbellsburg,  "  40 
Turner's,  "         44 

Carrollton,  CarroU...50 
WorthviUe,  "         54 

Eagle,  "         58 

Liberty,  Gallatin. ..62 

Sparta,  "         65 

Glencoe,  "         70 

Elliston,  Grant. ..75 

Zion,  77 

Verona,  Boone. ..84 

Walton,  "         89 

Bank  Lick,  Kenton... 92 
Independence,  "  97 
Maurice,  "       102 

South  Covington,  "  105 
Covington,  "       107 

Newport,  Campbell. ..109 
Cincinnati.  Ohio. ..110 

Pullman  palace   cars  rui 
by  this  line  bet.  Louisvill 
and  N.Y.  without  change. 
Lonisville  to  Lexington. 
Louisville,  0 

Lexington  Junction, 

Oldham...28 
ericho,  Henry. ..32 

uiithfield,  "         35 

Eminence,  "        40 

Belleview,  "        42 

Pleasureville,  "        44 

Cropper's,  Shelby. ..46 

-  -ftiansburg,  "  49 
Bagdad,  "         52 

North  Benson,  "  56 
Benson,  Franklin. ..59 

Frankfort,  "  65 

Junction,  Scott 70 

Duckcr's,  Woodford. 73 
Spring  Station,  "  76 
Midway,  "         80 

Payne's,  or  |  Seott83 

GeorgetownSta'n  J 
Yarnallton,  "     87 

Lexington,         Fayette. 94 


uitville  to  Shelbyville. 

ms.  County.  Mile, 

Louisville,  0 

Anchorage,  Jefferson. .11] 
Anchorage  June.  "  12 
Williamson's,         " 

ckly's,  "         14 

Taylor's,  "         17 

-       J  Run,  "         19 

Connor's,  "         20; 

Simpsonville,  Shelby. ..23 
Field's,  "         25: 

Scott's,  "         27 

Hansbrough,  "         30 

ShelbyviUe,  "         31 


ELIZABETHTOWN, 
LEXINGTON,    AND    BIG 
SANDY    RAILROAD. 
Lexington  to    Catlettthurg. 
Stations.  County.    Miles. 

Lexington,  0 

Athens,  '  Fayette...  8 
Combs'  Ferry,  "  11 
Pine  Grove,  Clark. ..14 
Winchester,  "         18 

Hedges',  "         27 

Thouison's,Montgomery28 
Mt.  Sterling,  "         34 

Catlctt5burg(unfinished)127 


SALT  RIVER. 
West  Point,  Hardin  co.   0 
Mouth  of  Rolling  Fork,  llj^ 
Burke's  Island  shoals,    20J4 
Head  of  Falls,   )  ^^^^M23 
ShepherdsviUe,  J 
Bardstown  turn-  1  g^ 

pike  crossing,   J 

,x's  creek,  49^ 

Taylorsville,  Spencer  coib}4 

On  the  Rolling  Fork. 
Mouth,  at  Salt  river,         0 
Mouth  of  Beech  Fork,    20 
Sulphur  Lick  creek,         71 K 

On  the  Beech  Fork. 
Mouth,  at  Rolling  Fork,  0 
Bardstown  ford,  20% 

Springfield  turn 

pike  crossing, 


39 


OTHER  RIVERS. 

Little  Obion  river,  about 
60  miles  long,  from  the  Ohio 
river,  6  m.  above  Hickman. 

Clark's  river,  about  60  m. 
long,  empties  into  Tennessee 
river,  near  its  mouth. 

Tradewater  river,  about  85 
m.  long  ;  empties  into  Ohio 
river  below  Caseyville. 

Tygart's  Creek,  65  m.  long, 
from  Ohio  river  3  miles  above 
Porlsmouth. 

Kinnikinnick  Creek,  about 
50  miles  long,  from  Ohio 
river  near  Quincy. 


LOUISVILLE    &    NASH. 
VILLE    RAILROAD, 

and  CuuncctioDB. 


Loidsmlle  to  Nash 
St.ition.  County. 

Luuisville,  Jefferson. 
Cin.&Lex.Junc," 
Strawberry,  " 

Randolph's,  " 


Old  De 
Brooks^  B 

Shepherdsville, 
BardstownJunc 


Lebanon  June,  " 
Booth's,  Hardii 

Colesburg,  " 

Muldrow  Siding," 
Elizabethtown,    " 

Nolin, 


Woodland,  Barren...  S3' 
Cave  City,  "  84i 

Glasgow  June,  "  90' 

Rocky  Hill,  "  95; 

Smith's  Grove,     "  100 

Oakland,  Warren. ..102 
Bristow,  "         108; 

Bowling  Green,  "  1133 
Memphis  June,  "  118 
Rich  Pond,  "        121  = 

Woodburn,  "         1253 

Franklin,  Simpson. ..134 
Mitchellville, 

Sumner,  Tenn.140! 
Richland,  "         1443 

Fountain  Head,  "  1463 
Buck  Lodge,  "  149 
South  Tunnel,     "         152 


Montgomery,  Ala 


to 


Fla 


.164 


Montgomery,  Ala,,  to 

Mobile,  Ala 186 

Louisville  to  Mobile  ...676 

"      to  Pensacola.664 

Louisville  to  Memphis,  Ten 

Louisville,         Ky 0 

BowlingGreen,Warrenll33^ 
Memphis  June,     "      118 
Rockfield,  "      123 

South    Union,  Logan..l28}^ 
'    '  '      13134 


McLeod, 

Russellville, 

Cave  Spring, 

Whippoorwill, 

«lmstead, 

Allensville, 

Hadensville 

Tail 


Gallatin, 
Pilot  Knob, 
Saundersvill 
Hendersonvi 
Edgefield  Ju 
D 
Madison, 
Edgefield 
Niishville 


Nashv 


Ten 


164 


.185 


Franklin,  "         204 

Columbia,  "        231 

Pulaski,  "         264 

Veto,  near  State  Line.280 

Athens,  Ala 292 

Decatur,  "  307 

Decatur, Ala. ^  to  Montgomery. 

Ala. 

Decatur,  Ala 307 

Birmingham,     "  395 

Ironton,  "  401 


Cale 


Montgomery, 


Todd. ..156% 
"  1613i 
"       1633^ 

Montgomery,  Tenn.l653<; 
Hampton's,  •'         167% 

Dudley's,  "         171 

Cherry's, 
Fair  Ground 
Clarksville, 
Cumberl'drii 

Paris, 

McKenzie, 

Humboldt, 

Brownsville, 

Memphis, 

Louisville  to 
Louisville... 


Mitchellsburg, 

Bovk 

...853^ 

Parksville, 

SS% 

DanvilleStation 

) 

Shelby  City, 

[ 

Stanford,       Lir 

.10334 

RichmondJune 

104% 

Hall's  G.ap, 

109 

Crab  Orchard, 

" 

115 

Gum  Sulphur, 

>' 

llSJi 

Brodhead,  Rockcastle..]  22 

Mt.  Guthrie, 

12634 

Mt.  Vernon, 

129 

PleasantValley 

" 

131 

Pine  Hill, 

134K 

Round  Stone, 

" 

13634 

Livingston, 

" 

140 

Louisville  to  Si 

chmond,  Kv. 

Louisville 

Richmond  June 

ion, 

Lincoln 

.104% 

Hayden's, 

106 

Silbert's  Creek, 

109 

Lancaster,      Garrard 

.11234 

HyattsviUe, 

116 

Point  Leavell, 

" 

11734 

e/a«. 


377 

'.  A-.V. 

0 

Glasgow  June,  Barren  9034 
Glasgow,  "       101 

Louisville  to  BardstowUf  K 

Bardstown  Junction, 

Bullitt...  22 
Quarry  Switch,     "  253^ 

g  Spring,  "  26% 

Cave  Spring,         "  28% 

Sayers,  Nelson...  32 

33 

Nazareth,  "  373i 

Bardstown,  "  39}4 

KNOXVILLE    BRANCH. 
Louisville  to  Livingston,  Ky. 

"       ■       ■e 0 

J 


29% 


393. 


New  Haven, 

New  Hope,  ' 
Chicago,  J 

°"la%'s, 
Lebanon, 
Penick, 
Riley's, 
Gravel  Switch, 
North  Fork, 
-       ifield. 


Clinton,  "  7 

Moscow,  "  13 

Jordan,  Fulton. ..20 

Union  City,  Tenn...26 

Troy,  "         31 

Crockett,  "         35 

Kenton,  "         43 

Rutherford,  "        48 

Dyer,  "        52 

Trenton,  "        59 

Humboldt,  "        70 

kson,  "        87 

Corinth,  Mississippi. ..143 
Columbus,  "  267 

dian,  "  337 

!  Line,  Miss.i-Ala.409 

Mobile,  Ala 472 

From      Humboldt      to 

Bolivar 44 

from  Columbus  to  New 

Orleans 528 

:olumbus  to  MemphiF.152 

EASTERN   KENTUCKY 
RAILROAD. 

Station.         County.        Miles. 


Hopewell, 
Grayson,        Carter., 


rmerly  Evausville,  Henderson 
and  Nashville  lailioad,  in 
Kentucky,  and  Edgefield 
and  Kentucky  railroad,  in 
Tennessee.      TJie  St.  Louis 

Ohio  river  to  Evansville, 
mid  H'd  miles  by  railroad  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Kandolph, 


AW 


10 


Busby's, 
Robards',  "  12 

Peebree  City,  Webster...! 7 
Dixon  Road,         "  21 

Slaughtersville,  "  27 

Hanson,      Hopkins 32 

Madisonville,       "  39 

Earlington,  "  43 

Morton's,  "  46 

Nortonville,         "  50 

Petersburg,  Christian..  55 
Crofton,  "  ,        61 

Kelly's,  "  66 

Hopkinsfille,       "  74 

Caskev's,  "  79 

Pembroke,  "  84 

Trenton,  Todd...  90 

Moore's.  "  94 

Guthrie,  "  98 

Forts,  Robertson,  Tennl04 
Adams,  "  106 

Ked  river,        "  108 

Cedar  Hill,      "  111 

Springfield, 


Gre 


125 


Gcodlettsv  le,Davidsonl34 
Edgefield  Junction,  "  135 
Madison,  "  139 

Edgefield,  "  145 

Nashville,  "  146 


Connects  at  Troy  with  rail- 
roads to  Memphis,  Tenn. 
and  Mobile,  Ala. 
Station.  County.        Miles 

Padueah,  McCraoken       0 


Viola,  "  Ifi 

Hickory  Gr.,    "  20 

Mayfield,  "  26 

Pryor's,  "  32 

Wingo,  "  37 

Morse,         Hickman...  44 
Fulton,  "  50 

Pierce,  Weakly,  Tenn.  53 
Harris,  "  66 

Padueah  June,  Obion  59 
Trov,  "       63 

Polk's,  "       68 

Obion,  Dyer 74 

Trimble,  "  78 


Hickman,  Ky.,  to  Nashville, 

Tenn. 

Station.  County.    Miles. 

Hickman,        Fulton...     0 

State  Line,  "  7 

Union  City,     Tenn 14 

Padueah  June,    "  18 

Raccoon,  "  20 

Gardner,  "  25 

R.alston,  "  31 

Dresden,  "  36 

Gleason,  "  43 

McKenzie,  "  61 

Johnsonville,        " 
Nashville,  " 

To   Memphis,  via  Mc- 


92 


LOUISVILLE,  PADUCAH 
&  SOUTHWESTERN  R.B. 
Formerly Elizabet.&  Pad.RR. 
Stations.  Counties.  Miles 

Louisville,  Jefferson  0 
Pleasant  Ridge  Park,"  8 
River  View,  "  18 

West  Point,  Hardin  20 
Ceeilian  Junction  "  46 
Stephensburg  "  61 

East  View,  "  54 

Big  Clifty,  Grayson  61 
Grayson  Springs,  '*  66 
LiitchBeld,  "       71 

Millwood,  '  "       77 

Caneyville,  "       83 

Spring  Lick,  Ohio  87 
Horse  Branch,  "       96 

Rosine,  "       99 


1  s, 


Hamilti 

Bender  Coal  Mi: 

Rookport,                  "  117 

Green  riv.,  Muh'burg  118 

Nelson  creek,            "  120 

Owensboro  June,    "  126 

Greenville,                "  133 

Gordon,                      "  136 

Bakersport,               "  143 

Norton  Junction,     "  150 

Hend.  &  Nash.  RR."  150 

Woodruff,                  "  157 

Tradewater,              "  165 

Scottsburg,     Caldwell  175 

Princeton,                 "  179 

Dulaney,                    "  185 

Eddyville,            Lyon  191 

Cutawa,                     "  193 

Cumberland  river    "  198 

The  Narrows,           "  201 
Clear  Pond,  McCracken204 

Tennessee  river,      "  204 

Calvert  City,             "  208 

Lawton's  Bluff,        "  217 

Clark's  river,            "  220 

Padueah,                   "  225 


CUMBERLAND  &    OHIO 
RAILROAD.      (Unfinished.) 
Station.        County.       Miles. 

Madison,  Ind.,              0  0 

Milton,  'rrimble,Ky.     1  1 

Bedford,            "           11  10 

Short  Line,  Henry.     18  7 

New  Castle,     •'           25  7 

Eminence,        "           29  4 

Hornsby's,  Shelby.     33  4 

Collier's,           "           35  2 

Shelbyville,      "           40  5 

Finchville,       "           47  7 

Veach's,           "           49  2 

Norman,  Spencer...     51  2 

Toder,             "             54  3 

Taylorsville, "             57  3 

Bloomfield,  Nelson.     67  10 

GlenvilleWashington73  6 

Grundy's,       "             80  7 

Springfield,    "             85  5 

Lebanon,  Marion..     93  8 

Muldrow,        "           103  10 

CampbellsviUe,          111  8 

Greensburg,Green     122  11 
Little  Barren, 

Metcalfe.     132  10 

Hiseville,  Barren.     143  11 

Glasgow,         "           155  12 

Big  Barren,    "           167  12 

Scottville,    Allen..     180  13 

State  Line       "           190  10 

Gallatin,    Tonn...     214  24 

Nashville,  Tenn...     240  26 


OWENSBOKO  AND  RUS- 
SELLVILLE  R.R.  (Unflu'd.) 
Station.  County.    Miles. 

Owensboro,       Daviess.     0 
Sutherland's,         "  7 


Lewis, 

Riley's,  McLe 

Livermore, 

Island, 


12 


CINCINNATI 
.SOUTHERN  RAILROAD. 

(Unfinished.) 
Station.  County.        Miles. 

From  Cincinnati  to 
Crittenden,  Grant  co.,  Ky.26 
Williamstown,     "  36 

Georgetown,  Scott  co.,  68 
Lexington,  Fayette  co.,  80 
Nicholasv'o.Jessamine  co  92 
Clay  Viaduct,  or  ) 

Kentucky  river  bridge,  J  ^"'^ 
Danville,  Boyle  CO.,  115 

South  Danville,  or  L.  )  ,„„ 
and  N.  RR.  crossing,]  ^""^ 
Somerset,  Pulaski  co.,  159 
Point  Isabel,  or  Burnsidel66 
Tennessee  State  Line,  1 


■Chil 


199 


Rockwood,  Tenn.,  267 

Boyce's  Station,  Tenn.,  331 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,         336 


POST  OFFICES  IN  KENTUCKY. 


635 


LIST  OF  POST  OFFICES  IN  KENTUCKY. 


[March,  1874.    Nac 

aesof  County-Seats  in  small  capitals.    The 

Money  Order  otSoes  ax 

marked  thus,  *] 

Adair  County. 

Grant, 

Bullitt  County. 

Ghent, 

Breeding's, 

Hamilton, 

Bardstown  Junetioi 

1,  Worthville. 

Cane  Valley, 

Hebron, 

Belmont, 

Carter  County. 

Casey  Creek, 

Petersburg, 

Cane  Spring  Depot, 
High  View, 

Boone  Furnace,  "^ 

Chnpel  Hill, 

Union, 

Count's  Cross  Roads, 

Columbia, 

Verona, 

Lebanon  Junction, 

Enterprise, 

Olen's  Fork, 

Walton. 

Mount  Vitio, 

Estill  Flats, 

Gradyville, 

Bourbon  County. 

Mount  Washington 

,   Grayson, 

Milltown, 

Centrevilie, 

Pitt's  Point, 

Mount  Savage, 

Montpelier, 

ClintonviUe, 

Quarry  Switch, 

Olive  Hill, 

Neatsville. 

Houston, 

Shephkrdsville, 

Upper  Tygart. 

Allen  Cmi>dy. 

Hutchison's, 

SmithviUe. 

Casey  County. 

Allen  Springs, 

Levy, 

Butler  County. 

Liberty, 

Butlersville, 

Millersburg, 

Berry's  Lick, 

Middleburg, 

Cedar  Springs, 

North  Middletown, 

Brooklyn, 

Mintonville, 

Mount  Aerial, 

Paris,* 

Green  River, 

Poplar  Hill, 

New  Roe, 

Ruddell's  Mills, 

Harreldsville, 

Power's  Store, 

SCOTTVILLE. 

Shawhan, 

Logansport, 

Shermanville, 

Anderson  County. 

Stony  Point. 

MORGANTOWK, 

Williams'  Store, 

Caldwell's  Store, 

Boyd  County. 

Quality  Valley, 

Christian  County. 

Lawresceburo. 

Ashland,* 

Reedyville, 

Bainbridge, 

RipyviUe, 

Bolt's  Fork, 

Rochester, 

Belleview, 

Rough  and  Ready. 

Burgess, 

Sugar  Grove, 

Bennetts  town. 

Ballard  County. 

Canoonsburg, 

Townsville, 

Beverly, 

Blandville, 

Catlettsborg,* 

Welch's  Creek, 

Casky's  Station, 

Fort  Jefferson, 

Ooalton. 

Woodbury. 

Church  Hill, 

Hinkleville, 

Boyle  County. 

Caldwell  County. 

Crofton, 

Lovelaoeville, 

Aliceton, 

Creswell, 

Fairview, 

Milburn, 

Brumfield  Station, 

Duloney, 

Garrettsburg, 

MixviUe, 

Dakville,* 

Farmersville, 

Haley's  Hill, 

Ogden's  Landing, 

Mitchellsburg, 

Fredonia, 

HOPKINSVILLE,* 

South  Ballard. 

Parksville, 

Friendship, 

Johnson's, 

Barren  County. 

Perryville, 

Princetos,* 

Kelly, 

Bruce, 

Shelby  City. 

Soottsburg, 

La  Fayette, 

Cave  City, 

Bracken  County. 

Walnut  Grove. 

Longview, 

Coral  Hill, 

Augusta,* 

Calloway  County. 

Newstead, 

Dry  Fork, 

Berlin, 

Backuaburg, 

Oak  Grove, 

Freedom, 

Bradford, 

Cold  Water, 

Pembroke, 

Glasgow,* 

Brookville, 

Crossland, 

Sinking  Fork, 

Glasgow  Junction, 

Browningsville, 

Harrisburg. 

Stuart's  Mill, 

Hisevillo, 

Chatham, 

Hico, 

West  Fork, 

Nobob, 

Foster, 

Kirksey, 

White  Plains, 

Pageville, 

Hillsdale, 

Linn  Grove, 

Williams. 

Park, 

Milford, 

Locust  Grove, 

Clark  County. 

Prewitt's  Knob, 

Mount  Hor, 

Murray,* 

KiddviUe, 

Roseville, 

Powersville, 

Pine  Bluff, 

Pine  Grove, 

Slick  Rock, 

Tietzville. 

Wadesborough. 

Ruckerville, 

Temple  Hill, 

Breathitt  County. 

Carnphell  County. 

Stoner, 

Tracy. 

Jackson, 

Alexandria, 

Thomson, 

Bath  County. 

Jett's  Creek, 

California, 

Vienna, 

Bald  Eagle, 

Lost  Creek. 

Camp  Spring, 

Vinewood, 

Bethel, 

Breckinridge    Co«n(y.Cartliage, 

Wade's  Mill, 

Costigan, 

Bewleyville, 

Cold  Spring, 

Winchester.* 

Little  Flat, 

Big  Spring, 

Dale, 

Clay  County. 

Marshall, 

Clifton  Mills, 

Dayton, 

Big  Creek, 

Olympian  Springs, 

Cloverport, 

Flagg  Spring, 

House's  Store, 

Owi^gsville, 

Hardinsbubg, 

Grant's  Lick, 

Laurel  Creek, 

Peeled  Oak, 

HudsonviUe, 

Indian  Springs, 

Manchester, 

Sharpsburg, 

Lost  Ran, 

Kane, 

Sexton's  Creek, 

Wyoming. 

Planter's  Hall, 

Newport,* 

Clinton  County. 

Boone  County. 

Rough  Creek, 

Ten  Mile, 

Albany, 

BuUittsviUe, 

Rock  Lick, 

Tibbatts'  !»!  Roads. 

Brown's  Cross  Roads, 

BUELINGTON, 

Stephensport, 

Carroll  County. 

Cumberland  City, 

Constance, 

Union  Star, 

Carrollton,* 

Seventy-six. 

Florence, 

Webster. 

Eagle  Station, 

POST  OFFICES  IN  KENTUCKY. 


a-ittenden  County.  Fhyd  County. 

Crittenden  Springs,  Hueysville, 

Dycusburg,  Lanesville, 

Ford's  Ferry,  Pekstonsborq, 

Hurricane,  Martinsdale. 

Maeion,  Franklin  County. 

Shady  Grove,  Benson, 

Westonburg.  Bridgeport, 

Cumberland  County.  Farmdale, 

Big  Renox,  Forks  of  Elkhorn, 

BnEKESVILLE,  FRANKFORT,* 

Cloyd's  Landing,  Polsgrove's  Store. 

Urider,  Fulton  County. 

Judio,  Cacey's  Station, 

Marrowbone,  Fulton's  Station, 

Peytonsburg.           ,  Hickman,* 

Daviess  County.  Jordan  Station. 

Birk's  City,  Gallatin  County. 

Chalybeate  Springs,  Bramlette, 

Curdsville,  Glencoe, 

Delaware,  Napoleon, 

Grissom's  Landing,  Sparta  Station, 

Knottsville,  Sugar  Creek, 

Masonville,  Walnut  Lick, 

OWENSBOROUGH,*  WARSAW. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  Garrard  County. 

Sorghotown,  Bryautsville, 

Utica,  Buckeye, 

West  Louisville,  Herrington, 

AVhitesville,  Hyattsville, 

Yelvington.  Lancaster, 

Edmonson  County.   Lowell, 

Bee  Spring,  Paint  Lick. 

Big  Reedy,  Grant  County. 

Brownsville,  Clark's  Creek 

Bickeyville,  Cordova, 

Parish  Mills,  Corinth, 

Rocky  Hill  Station,  Crittenden, 

Sickey's  Mills.  Dry  Ridge, 

EUiatt  Comity.  Elliston, 

Bruin,  Gouge's, 

Newfoundland,  New  Eagle  Mills, 

Sandy  Hook.  Stewartsville, 

Estai  County.  Williamstown,* 

Fitchburg,  Zion's  Station. 


Irvine, 


Graves  Cou 


Red  River  Iron  W'ks.Boaz, 

Winston.  Boydsville, 

Fayette  County.  Clear  Spring, 

Athenf,  Dublin 

Chilesburg,  Fancy  Farm 

Cleveland,  Farmington, 

Lexington,*  Hickory  Grove, 

Slickaway,  Kansas, 

South  Elkhorn,  Lynnville, 

■Walnut  Hill.  Lowes, 

Fleming  County.  Mayfikld,* 

Cowan,  Viola  Station, 

Elizaville,  Water  Valley, 

Ewin"  Wingo's  Station. 
FLEMrNGSBCRG,*  Graysou  County. 

Hillsborough,  Big  Clilty, 

Johnson  Junction,  Caneyville, 

Mount  Carniel,  Falls  of  Rough, 

Oak  Woods,  Grantsburg, 

Orange,  Grayson  Springs, 
Plummer's  Landing,  Horn's  Store, 
Plummer's  Mills,        Litchfield, 
Poplar  Plains,  Mayo  Park, 

Sherburne  Mills,  Millwood, 

Tilton.  Red  Oak, 


Short  Creek,  Cub  Run, 

Spring  Fork,  Dog  Creek, 

Spring  Lick,  Grinstead's  Mills, 

Green  County.  Hammonville, 

Allendale,  Hardyville, 

Camp  Knox,  Munfoedsville, 

Catalpa  Grove,  Omega, 

Greexsbdrg,"*  Rio, 

MoodyviUe,  Rowlett's  Depot, 

Oceola,  Seymour, 

Summersville,  Three  Springs, 

Webb's.  Woodsonville. 

Greenup  County.  Henderson  County. 

Duvall's  Landing,  Bluff  City, 

Geeenhp,*  Cairo, 

Kenton  Furnace,  Corydon, 

Lynn,  Genevia, 

Russell.  Hebbardsville, 

Hancock  County.  Henderso.n,* 

Hancock  Mines,  Robard's  Station, 

Hawesville,  ScufBetown, 

Lewisport,  Smith's  Mills, 

Patesville,  Spottsville, 

Pellville.  Zion. 

Hardin  County.  Henry  County. 

Cecilian,  Bethlehem, 

Dorrett's  Run,  Campbcllsburg, 

East  View,  Eminence, 

Elizabethtown,*  Franklinton, 
Franklin's  X  Roads,  Harper's  Ferry, 

Glendale,  Hill  Spring, 

Grand  View,  Jericho, 

High  Up,  Lockport, 

Howe's  Valley,  New  Castle, 

Nolin,'  Pendleton, 

Red  Hill,  Pleasureville, 

Robertsonville,  Port  Royal, 

Sonera,  Smithfield, 

Stephensburg,  Spring  Hill  Depot, 

UptonviUe,  Springport, 

Vine  Grove,  Sulphur  Fork. 

West  Point,  Hickman  County. 

White  Mills.  Clinton, 

Harlan  County.  Columbus,* 

Clover  Fork,  Moscow, 

Harlan,  Spring  Hill, 

Leonard,  Wesley. 

Poor  Fork,  Hopkins  County. 

Wallin's  Creek.  Ashbysburg, 

Harrison  County.     Dawson, 

Antioch  Mills,  Earlington, 

Berry's  Station,  EUwood, 

Boyd's  Station,  Hanson, 

Broadwell,  Little  Prairie, 

Claysville,  Madisonville,* 

Colemansville,  Morton's  Gap, 

Connersville,  Nebo, 

Curry's  Run,  Nortonsville, 

Cynthiana,*  Underwood, 

Havilandsville,  Woodruff. 

Lair's  Station,  Jackson  County. 

Lcesburg,  Gray  Hawk, 

Oddville,  Green  Hall, 

Paxton,  McKee, 
Robertson's  Station,  Middle  Fork, 

Rutland,  Morrill. 

Smithsonville,  Jefferson  County. 

Sylvan  Dell.  Anchorage, 

Hart  County.  Deposit, 

Bacon  Creek,  Eden, 

Caverna,  Fairmount, 


I 


POST  OFFICES  IN  KENTUCKY. 


637 


Fern  Creek, 

Cherokee, 

McLean  County. 

Rock  Haven, 

Fisherville, 

George's  Creek, 

Calhoun, 

Wolf  Creek. 

Floyd's  Fork, 

Louisa, 

Livermore, 

Menifee  County. 

Jeffersonto«n, 

LowmansviUe, 

Livia, 

Frenchburg. 

Lacon.., 

Prosperity, 
Webbville. 

Long  Falls  Creek, 

Mercer  County. 

Lyndon, 

Mason  Creek, 

Bohon, 

Long  Eun, 

Lee  County. 

Rumsey, 

CornishviUe, 

Louisville,-* 

Beattyville, 

Sacramento. 

Dugansville, 

MiJdletown, 

Old  Landing, 

Madison  County. 

Duncan, 

Newburg, 

Proctor. 

Berea, 

Habrodsburq,* 

O'Biinnon, 

Letcher  County. 

Big  Hill, 

McAfee, 

Orell, 

Partridge, 

Edenton, 

Nevada, 

River  View, 

Rosedalo, 

Joe's  Lick, 

Pleasant  Hill, 

Saint  Matthews, 

Whitesburq. 

Kingston, 

Rose  Hill, 

Taylor's  Station, 

Lewis  County. 

Kirksville, 

Salvisa. 

Worthington. 

Cabin  Creek, 

Richmond,  '^ 

Metcalfe  County. 

Jessamine  County. 

,    Carr's, 

Silver  Creek, 

Centre, 

Hanley, 

Concord, 

Speedwell, 

Cross  Plains, 

Jessamine,  ■ 

Dudley, 

Waco, 

East  Fork, 

Keene, 

Marine, 

White  Hall. 

Edmonton, 

Little  Hickman, 

Mouth  of  Laurel, 

Magoffin  County. 

Glover's  Creek, 

NlCHOLASTILLE,« 

Poplar  Flat, 

Johnson's  Fork, 

Knob  Lick, 

Pekin, 

Quincy, 

Saltersville. 

Poplar  Spring, 

Spear's. 

Sand  Hill, 

Marion  County. 

Pace's, 

Johnson  County. 

Salt  Lick  Valley, 

Bradfordsville, 

Rockland  Mills, 

East  Point, 

ToUesborough, 

Chicago, 

Willow  Shade. 

Hood's  Fork, 

Vancebcrg. 

Gravel  Switch, 

Monroe  County. 

Oil  Springs, 

Lincoln  County. 

Lebanon,* 

Centre  Point, 

Bee  Lick, 

Loretto, 

Flippin, 

Josh  Bell  Comity. 

Crab  Orchard, 

New  Market, 

Fountain  Run, 

Callaway, 

Gilbert's    Creek   Sta-Penick, 

Gamaliel, 

Hannon, 

tion, 

Raywick, 

Martinsburg, 

La  Fontaine, 

Hall's  Gap  Station, 

Rush  Branch, 

Mud  Lick, 

PiNKVILLE, 

Highland, 

St.  Mary's. 

River  Grange 

Yellow  Creek. 

Hustonville, 

Marshall  County. 

Rock  Bridge, 

Kenton  County. 

Milledgeville, 

Auro™, 

Sulphur  Lick, 

Bank  Lick, 

Stanford, 

Tompkinsville. 

Covington,* 

Waynesbnrg. 

Birmingham, 

Montgomery  County. 

Independence, 

Livinqston  County. 

Brewer's  Mill, 

Aaron's  Run, 

Kenton, 

Birdsvi'lle, 

Briensburg, 

Elm  Hill, 

Latonia  Springs, 

Carrsville, 

Caldwell, 

Howard's  Mill, 

Ludlow, 

Narrows, 

Calvert  City, 

JeffersonviUe, 

Morning  View, 

Salem, 

Exchange, 

Levee, 

Scott, 

Smithland,* 

Fair  Dealing, 

Montaview, 

South  Covington, 

Logan  County. 

Henderson's  Mill, 

Mount  Steeling,-'- 

Visalia. 

AdairviUe, 

Oakland, 

Side  View. 

Knox  County. 

Auburn,® 

Olive, 

Mon-gan  County. 

Baeboursville, 

Baugh's  Station, 

Palma. 

Bangor, 

Brafford's  Store, 

Cave  Spring  Station 

Martin  County. 

Black  Water, 

Bryant's  Store, 

Dallam's  Creek, 

Warfield. 

West  Liberty. 

Flat  Lick, 

Fillmore, 

Mason  County. 

Muhlenburg  County. 

Indian  Creek, 

Ferguson's  Creek, 

Dover, 

Bremen, 

Lynn  Camp, 

Gordonsville, 

Fern  Leaf, 

Earle's, 

Swan  Pond. 

Henrysville, 

Germantown, 

Greenville,-* 

Larue  County, 

McLeod's  Station, 

Helena, 

Laurel  Bluff, 

Buffalo, 

Olmstead, 

Mayslick, 

Mercer, 

Hodgbnville, 

Rabbitsville, 

Matsville,* 

Nelson, 

Magnolia, 

Red  River  Mills, 

Minerva, 

Painestown, 

Mount  Sherman. 

Russellville,* 

Mount  Gilead, 

Paradise, 

Laurel  County. 

South  Union. 

North  Fork, 

Riverside, 

Bush's  Store, 

Lyon  County. 

Orangeburg, 

South  Carrollton. 

Chestnut  Hill, 

Eddtville, 

Sardis, 

Nelson  County. 

Hazle  Patch, 

Eureka, 

Shannon, 

Bardstown,* 

Laurel  Bridge, 

Kuttawa, 

Slack, 

Bloomfield, 

London, 

Star  Line  Works. 

Springdale, 
Washington. 

Boston, 

Mershon's  X  Roads, 

,     McCracken  Cmmty. 

Chaplin, 

Raccoon, 

Florence  Station, 

Meade  County. 

Cox's  Creek, 

Whippoorwill, 

Massac, 

Brandenburg, 

Deatsville, 

White  Lily. 

Maxon's  Mill, 

Flint  Island, 

Fairfield, 

Lawrence  County. 

Norton's  Bluff, 

Garnettsville, 

Gethscmane, 

Blaine, 

Padcca-h,* 

Garrett, 

High  Grove, 

Buchanan, 

Woodville. 

Hill  Grove, 

Hunter's  Depot, 

POST  OFFICES  IN  KENTUCKY. 


Nelson  Furnace, 

Dividing  Ridge, 

Payne's  Depot, 

Drake's  Grove, 

New  Haven, 

Elizabethville, 

Stamping  Ground, 

Hitesville, 

New  Hope, 

FALMOnXH,* 

Stonewall, 

MORGANFIELD, 

Samuel's  Depot. 
Nicholas  County 

Flower  Creek, 

Straight  Fork, 

Raleigh, 

Gardnersville, 

White  Sulphur. 

Seven  Guns, 

Black  Hawk, 

Knoxville, 

Shelby  County. 

Uniontown.* 

Blue  Lick  Springs, 

Levingood, 

Bailey's  Store, 

Wan-en  County. 

Carlisle, 

Morgan, 

Bagdad, 

Bowling  Green,* 

Head  Quarters, 

Motier. 

Chestnut  Grove, 

Bristow  Station, 

Hooktown, 

Ferry  County. 

Christiansburg, 

Claypool, 

Moorefield, 

Cut  Shin, 

Clay  Village, 

Green  Hill, 

Myersville, 

Hazard. 

Cropper's  Depot, 

Green  Castle, 

Oak  Mills, 

Pike  County. 

Graefenberg, 

Hadley, 

Weston. 

Ash  Camp, 

HarrisonviUe, 

Hay's  Ford, 

Ohio  County. 

Bent  Branch, 

Jacksonville, 

Memphis  Junction 

Beaver  Dam, 

Dorton, 

North  Benson, 

Oakland  Station, 

Buck  Horn, 

Head  of  Coburn, 

Scott's  Station, 

Rich  Pond  Grove, 

Buford, 

Little  Creek, 

Sbelbyville,* 

Richardsville, 

Centretown, 

Mouth  of  Pond, 

Simpsonville, 

Richland, 

Ceralvo, 

PiKETO.V, 

Todd's  Point. 

Rockfield, 

Cool  Spring, 

Robinson's  Creek. 

Simpson  County. 

Smith's  Grove, 

Cromwell, 

Powell  County. 

Franklin,* 

Woodburn. 

Elm  Lick, 

Harrah's  Mills, 

Hickory  Flat, 

Washington  CouiU 

Fordsville, 

Stanton, 

Temperance  Mount 

.   Antioch, 

Hartford,* 

West  Bend. 

Spencer  County. 

Beech  Fork, 

Haynesville, 

Pulaski  County. 

Elk  Creek, 

Beechland, 

Hogg's  Falls, 

Adams'  Mills, 

Little  Mount, 

Fredericktown, 

Horse  Branch, 

Cain's  Store, 

Mount  Eden, 

MackviUe, 

Point  Pleasant, 

Cato, 

Smileytown, 

SharpsviUe^ 

Render  Coal  Mines 

Clio, 

Taylorsville,-* 

Springfield 

Rockport, 

Dallas, 

Van  Dyke's  Mill, 

Texas, 

Rossine, 

Garden  Cottage, 

Waterford, 

Willisburg. 

Sulphur  Springs. 
Oldham  County. 

LincolnviUe, 

Wilsonville. 

Wayne  County. 

Line  Creek, 

Taylor  County. 

Berryville, 

Beard's  Station, 

Plato, 

Campbellsville, 

Mill  Springs, 

Brownsborough, 

Shopville, 

Mannsville, 

Monticello, 

Buckner's  Station, 

Somerset, 

Saloma. 

ParmleysviUe, 

Goshen, 

Sublimity, 

Todd  County. 

Rock  Creek, 

La  Grange, 

Thompsonville, 

AUensville, 

SteubenviUe. 

Peru, 

Valley  Oak, 

Clifty, 

Webster  County. 

Pewee  Valley, 

Waterloo, 

Daysville, 

Clay, 

Westport. 

White  Oak  Gap. 

Elkton,» 

Dixon, 

Owen  County. 

Robertson  County. 

Guthrie, 

Poole's  Mill, 

Canby, 

Bratton's  Mills, 

Hadensville, 

Providence, 

Eagle  Hill, 

Kentontown, 

Kirkmansville, 

Sebree, 

Gratz, 

Mount  Olivet. 

Pilot  Knob, 

Slaughterville, 

Harmony, 

Pockca^^tle  County 

Sharon  Grove, 

Vanderburg. 

Harrisburg  Academy,Broadhead, 

Trenton. 

^Tiitley  County. 

Hills, 

Fish  Point, 

Trigg  County. 

Bark  Camp  Mills, 

Lone  Oak, 

Goochland, 

Cadiz,* 

Brown's  Creek, 

Lusby's  Mill, 

Gum  Sulphur, 

Canton, 

Evans'  Mills, 

Monterey, 

Level  Green, 

Cerulean  Springs, 

Lot, 

New  Columbus, 

Mount  Vernon, 

Empire  Iron  Works 

,  Marsh  Creek, 

New  Liberty.s 

Pine  Hill. 

Golden  Pond, 

Meadow  Creek, 

North  Savern, 

Rowan  Cojinty. 

Laurel  Furnace, 

Patterson  Creek, 

OWENTON, 

Farmer's, 

Liudsey's  Mill, 

Pleasant  View, 

Pleasant  Home, 

Gill's  Mills, 

Linton, 

Rock, 

Rock  Dale, 

MOREHEAD, 

Montgomery, 

Rockhold's, 

Squiresville, 

Pine  Springs. 

Roaring  Spring, 

Whitley  C.  H., 

Sweet  Owen, 

Russell  County. 

Trigg  Furnace, 

Wild  Cat. 

West  Union.  ' 

Creelsborough, 

Wallonia. 

Wolfe  County. 

Owsley  County. 

Horse  Shoe  Bottom, 

Trimble  County. 

COMPION, 

BOONEVILLK, 

Jamestown, 

Bedford, 

Hnzle  Green. 

Island  City, 

Millersville, 

Milton, 

Woodford  County. 
Ducker's, 

South  Fork, 

Rujalton. 

Winona. 

Traveller's  Rest. 

Scott  County. 

Union  County. 

Midwav, 

Pendleton  County. 

Georgetown,"* 

Bordley, 

WillviUe, 

Batehelor's  Rest, 

Great  Crossings, 

Boxville, 

Mortonsville, 

Boston  Station, 

Little  Eagle, 

Caseyville,* 

Spring  Station, 

Butler, 

Minorsville, 

Commercial  Point, 

Troy, 

Catawba, 

Newtown, 

DeKovan, 

DeMoasviUe, 

Oxford, 

HISTORIANS  OF  KENTUCKY. 


"  The  groves  were  God's  first  temples,"  ....  where  man  "  knelt  down, 
And  offered  to  the  Mightiest  solemn  thanks 
And  supplications." 

The  groves  and  trees  were  not  alone  churches.  The  monarchs  of  the 
grove,  the  grand  old  forest  trees,  were,  for  thirty  years,  the  historians  of  Ken- 
tucky. They  kept  the  silent  record  of  the  first  exploring  adventures  and  of 
the  first  survey.  Where  paper  and  pen  and  ink  were  not  at  hand  or  could 
not  be  carried,  these  monuments  of  the  goodness  of  the  God  of  nature  stood,  all 
over  Kentucky,  ready  to  perpetuate  whatever  the  patience,  and  ingenuity, 
and  thoughtfulness  of  the  earliest  visitors  chose  to  confide  to  them. 

In  1750,  Dr.  Thomas  Walker,*  Ambrose  Powell,  Colby  Chew,  and  several 
others  entered,  through  Cumberland  Gap,  what  is  now  the  state  of  Kentucky 
— being  the  first  white  men  known  to  have  visited  that  part  of  the  state.  A 
beech  tree,  on  Yellow  creek,  near  Cumberland  mountain,  has  preserved  the 
date,  A.  POWELL — 1750.  Twenty  years  after.  Gov.  Isaac  Shelby  examined 
the  tree,  and  found  the  record  perfect. 

In  1754,  James  McBride  and  several  others  came  down  the  Ohio  river,  in 
a  canoe,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky  river  marked  upon  a  tree, 
J.  M'R,  1754.t 

In  1772,  or  earlier,  near  the  spot  whereon  the  town  of  Louisa,  in  Law- 
rence county,  now  stands,  a  surveyor,  for  John  Fry,  of  2,084  acres  of  land, 
stretching  across  the  Big  Sandy  river  into  two  states.  West  Virginia  and 
Kentucky,  carved  upon  one  corner-tree  the  simple  letters,  Q.  W.f  For  ninety 
years,  until  cut  down  by  a  sacrilegious  hand  during  the  civil  war,  that  tree 
preserved  the  beautiful  incident — as  every  thing  connected  with  that  true 
nobleman  is  beautiful — th.at  there  George  Washington  had  done  skilled 
labor  upon  Kentucky  soil  I  the  same  George  Washington,  whom  a  wonderful 
Providence  kept  childless,  that  millions  of  people  might  "adopt"  him  as  the 
"  Father  of  their  country  I" 

On  the  north  side  of  Barren  river,  three  miles  from  Bowling  Green,  War- 
ren county,  and  near  Vanmeter's  ferry,||  some  beech  trees,  with  thirteen 
names  upon  them,  indicate  the  camping  ground  of  an  exploring  party  of 
Kentucky  pioneers,  for  ten  days,  from  June  13  to  June  23,  1775.  Of  these, 
at  least  six  left  the  impress  of  their  bold  and  adventurous  spirit  upon  the 
early  history  and  progress  of  central  Kentucky. 

On  March  11,  1780,  a  number  of  the  party  engaged  with  Dr.  Thomas 
AValker  in  surveying  the  southern  boundary  of  Kentucky,  engraved  their 
names  and  the  date  upon  a  tree  in  the  boundary  line,§  upon  the  East  fork 
of  lied  river  in  now  Logan  county — where  they  were  found,  and'  the  line 
thereby  recognized,  by  the  new  boundary  surveying  party  in  1859,  seventy- 
nine  years  after  they  were  cut. 

Thus,  the  trees  were  ready  and  foithful  historians,  and  kept  the  record  of 
time  and  place  of  explorations  that  otherwise  could  not  have  been  so  truly 
kept.  A  ring  for  each  year,  as  the  years  rolled  on ;  and  the  record  of  the 
trees  was  complete,  and  for  ninety  years  told  an  unvarying  story.  All  around, 
and  over,  and  through  the  state— on  the  south,  and  the  north,  and  the  east 
boundary,  at  the  southeast  corner,  and  toward  the  southwest,  and  near  the 
very  center — everywhere — for  thirty-four  years,  from  1750  until  the  first 
book-record  in  1784  and  the  first  newspaper  record  in  1787 — the  dates  and 
points  and  names  of  the  earliest  movements  were  confirmed,  if  not  entirely 
preserved,  by  the  trees.  Those  times  have  changed ;  now  the  printing  press 
is  carried  with  the  advancing  wave  of  civilization,  and  the  trees  but  seldom 
keep  the  story,  as  they  did  a  hundred  years  ago  1 

*  Great-grandfather  of  the  late  Joshua  Fry  Bell,  of  Thomas  Walker  Bullitt,  of 
Louisville,  and  many  others.     See  Vol.  II,  p.  416.  t  Same,  p.  120. 

i  See  Vol.  II,  p.  460.  ||  Same,  p.  738.  J  Same,  p.  481. 

(639) 


640  HISTORIANS  OF  KENTUCKY. 

1.  John  Filson  was  the  first  to  preserve  in  book  form  the  early  history 
of  Kentucky— in  a  small  work  published  in  1784,  at  Wilmington,  Delaware, 
entitled  "The  Discovery,  Settlement,  and  Present  State  of  Kentucky,"  and 
of  which  by  far  the  most  important  portion,  embracing  two-tifths  of  the 
work,  ia  "  The  Adventures  of  Colonel  Daniel  Boone,  formerly  a  Hunter  : 
containing  a  Narrative  of  the  Wars  of  Kentucky."  The  latter  is  written  in 
the  style  of  auto-biography ;  the  substance  evidently  the  dictation  of  the  old 
pioneer,  but  the  language,  instead  of  being  brief,  plain,  and  unpretending,  is 
sophoraoric  and  ostentatious,  yet  singularly  interesting,  and,  at  times,  exci- 
ting. The  correctness  of  the  description  preceding  it,  is  vouched  for  in  a 
certificate  of  Colonels  Daniel  Boone,  Levi  Todd,  and  James  Harrod,  dated 
May  12,  1784.  The  work  in  the  original  is  exceedingly  rare,  but  few  copies 
being  known  to  be  in  existence.  It  was  translated  into  French,  by  M.  Par- 
raud,  and  published  at  Paris,  France,  in  1785.  Three  editions  of  the  origi- 
nal were  reprinted  in  England,  in  1792,  1793,  and  1797,  as  part  of  Imlay's 
North  America,  named  below.  These,  also,  are  quite  rare,  but  still  obtain- 
able. 

For  further  information  about  Filson,  see  pages  22  and  185  of  this  volume, 
and  120,  183,  416,  and  432  of  volume  II,  of  this  work.  A  memorandum  left 
by  his  brother  says  he  "  was  killed  by  an  Indian  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Ohio,  October  the  1st,  1788,  about  five  miles  from  the  great  Miami  river,  and 
twenty  or  twenty-five  from  the  Ohio  " — a  few  miles  northwest  of  Glendale, 
Hamilton  CO.,  Ohio.  A  MS.  sketch  of  his  trip  to  St.  Vincent,  or  Vincennes, 
Indiana,  in  the  spring  of  1784,  was  found  a  few  years  ago,  and  is  in  the 
library  of  Lyman  C.  Draper,  of  Madison,  Wisconsin. 

2.  William  Littell's  contribution  to  the  recorded  history  of  Kentucky, 
now  as  rare  a  work  as  the  original  of  Filson,  was  entitled  "  Political  Trans- 
actions in  and  concerning  Kentucky,  from  the  first  settlement  until  June, 
1792,"  147  pp.,  12mo.,  and  published  at  Frankfort,  in  1806.  It  is  valuable 
from  the  important  documents  preserved  in  the  Appendix.  [See  page  412, 
of  this  volume,  for  sketch  of  Mr.  Littell.] 

3.  Hu.MPHKEY  Marshall's  was  for  thirty-five  years  the  most  prominent  of 
Kentuckian  histories — prominent  because  of  his  high  positions  in  public  life, 
and  as  a  lawyer  and  editor,  and  because  until  1834  his  was  the  only  work 
generally  known  and  quoted  as  a  history  of  Kentucky,  and  the  one  most  ex- 
tensively known  until  1847.  It  was  first  published  at  Frankfort  in  1812, 
407  pp.,  8vo.,  entitled  "The  History  of  Kentucky,  including  an  account  of 
the  Discovery,  Settlement,  Progressive  Improvement,  Political  and  Military 
Events,  and  Present  State  of  the  Country."  A  second  volume  was  promised, 
but  not  published  until  1824;  when  the  work  was  issued  in  two  volumes, 
with  the  first  volume  mucli  amended  and  revised,  522  and  524  pp.,  Svo. 
The  work  was  very  able  and  very  interesting;  but  it  wag  often  partisan, 
bitter,  and  prejudiced,  and  as  such  was  savagely  attacked  by  the  newspapers 
of  the  day.  One  of  the  most  remarkable  passages  in  the  1812  edition  was 
this,  from  page  181  : 

"  Already  had  the  flattery  of  the  minister,  and  the  thousand  seductive  blandish- 
ments of  Paris,  gained  over  to  his  purpose  that  singular  composition  of  formal  gaiety, 
of  sprightly  gravity,  of  grave  wit,  of  borrowed  learning,  of  vicious  morality,  of  patri- 
otic treachery,  of  political  folly,  of  casuistical  sagacity,  and  Kepublican  voluptuous- 
ness—Doctor  Franklin  :"     »     *     * 

This  language  was  greatly  modified  in  the  1824  edition,  pages  156-7.  Dr. 
jMann  Butler,  in  the  preface  to  his  history  in  1834,  felt  bound  to  explain  the 
extraordinary  differences  between  his  own  statements  of  "the  complexion  of 
many  events,  and  the  character  of  most  of  the  early  statesmen  of  Kentucky,' 
and  those  of  Mr.  Marshall;  and  to  express 


"Hi!    s 

Jlemn  conviction  that 

every  man 

and  party  of  m 

n  who 

came  into  c 

ollision 

with  Mr. 

Marshall  or  his  friends 

,  in  the  exc 

iting  ande.\asnerating 

scenes  of  K 

ntucky 

story,  we. 

e  essentially  and  profoundly  misrepresented  by  h 

m— however  unin 

ention- 

ally  and  i 

nsensibly  it  may  have 

been  done 

The  cnntontio 

ns  bet            --     - 

veen  Mr.  i\ 

,.1-shnll 

and  his  co 

mpetitors  for  public  h 

too  fierce  to  adm 

t  of  justice  to  the 

charac- 

terofeith 

er,  in  each  others'  rep 

esentation 

.     These  enuiiti 

>s  tran 

stormed  his 

hislory 

into  a  bu 

iUr  feml,  recorded  w 

th  .all  the 

embittered  feeli 

gsof 

a  chieftain 

of  the 

HISTORIANS  OF  KENTUCKY.  641 

marches To  have  been  opposed  to  him,  in  the  political  struggles  of  Kentucky, 

seems  to  have  entailed  on  the  actors  a  sentence  of  conspiracy  and  every  dishonorabl" 
treachery.  Isaac  Shelby,  Harry  Inues,  James  Wilkinson,  John  Brown,  and  his  bro- 
ther James  Brown,  George  Nicholas,  Wm.  Murray,  Thomas  Todd,  and  John  Breckin- 
ridge, were  thus  unjustly  denounced  by  Mr.  Marshall."     »     *     s 

This  is  strong  language,  used  in  1834.  Dr.  Butler  does  not  deny  him,  what 
all  conceded  whu  knew  him,  the  possession  of  brilliant  talents  and  command- 
ing force  of  character.  He  was  a  Federalist,  held  to  all  the  principles  and 
measures  of  that  party  in  their  fullest  extent,  and  as  such  was  elected  to  the 
U.S.  senate  over  John  Breckinridge  for  six  years,  1795-1801.  During  his 
term  in  the  senate,  some  public  men  bitterly  pursued  him,  and  he,  years  after, 
as  bitterly  pursued  them.  [For  sketches  of  his  sons  and  grandsons,  and 
other  mention,  see  Vol.  II  of  this  work,  pp.  377,  394,  and  the  General  Index 
of  both  vols.] 

Humphrey  Marshall  was  born  in  Virginia— son  of  John  Marshal],  and 
married  his  cousin,  a  daughter  of  Col.  Thomas  Marshall,  and  sister  of  U.  S. 
chief  justice  John  Marshall.  He  emigrated  to  Kentucky  in  1780.  His  un- 
disputed talents  soon  gave  him  a  conspicuous  position  among  the  public  men 
of  the  state.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  at  Danville  in  1787,  pre- 
liminary to  the  formation  of  the  state  constitution;  of  the  Virginia  conven- 
tion which  ratified  the  constitution  of  the  United  States ;  of  "the  house  of 
representatives  of  Kentucky,  from  Woodford  county  in  1793,  and  from 
Franklin  county  in  1807,  1808, 1809,  and  1823,  besides  being  defeated,  several 
times,  by  small  majorities  ;  and  U.  S.  senator,  as  above.  During  the  legislative 
term  of  18U7,  on  Jan.  19th,  his  celebrated  duel  with  Henry  Clay  occurred 
[see  ante,  p.  26,  and  Vol.  II,  p.  477].  He  died  about  1842,  aged  about  82, 
and  is  buried  on  the  Kentucky  river  bank,  one  mile  below  Frankfort. 

4.  Mann  Bdtler,  M.  D.,  LL.  B.  (his  baptismal  name  was  Edward  Mann 
Butler,  but  he  preferred  to  be  called  only  by  his  mother's  family  name),  was 
prominent  as  a  historian  of  Kentucky ;  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  July,  1784; 
taken  at  three  years  of  age  to  his  grandfather's,  at  Chelsea,  near  London, 
England ;  returned  to  his  native  land  at  14,  continued  his  education  and 
graduated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia;  graduated 
in  medicine  at  the  same  college,  but  abandoned  it  because  of  great  distaste 
for  the  practice ;  then  graduated  at  the  same  college  in  law,  and  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  Washington  city  and  Baltimore ;  in  March,  1806,  emigrated 
to  Lexington,  Ky.,  where  he  practiced  law  for  a  short  time,  but  lacking  the 
eloquence'bf  speech  that  char.acterized  Henry  Clay  and  others  of  that  bar,  he 
became  discouraged  and  relinquished  the  practice ;  opened  an  academy  at 
Versailles,  Woodford  co. ;  married  Miss  Martha  Dedman,  Aug.,  1806  ;  taught 
at  Maysville,  in  1810-11,  and  perhaps  longer;  then  at  Frankfort,  until  called 
to  a  professorship  in  Transylvania  University,  at  Lexington ;  was  a  successful 
educator  at  Louisville,  from  about  1831  to  1845  ;  and  then  at  St.  Louis  until 
his  death,  in  1852,  aged  68 ;  he  was  one  of  the  many  distinguished  citizens 
killed  and  mangled  on  the  Pacific  railroad  excursion  train,  by  the  falling  of 
the  Gasconade  river  bridge. 

In  1834,  Dr.  Butler  issued,  at  Louisville,  his  "  History  of  Kentucky,  from 
its  Exploration  and  Settlement  by  the  Whites,  to  the  close  of  the  Northwestern 
Campaign,  in  1813,'  12mo.,  pp.  396;  and  in  1836,  at  Cincinnati,  a  second 
edition  of  the  same,  revised,  and  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  some  important 
documents,  12ino.,  pp.  623.  He  also  published,  at  Frankfort,  in  1837,  in  a 
pamphlet  of  32  pp.,  8vo.,  "  An  Appeal  from  the  Misrepresentations  of  James 
Hall  respecting  the  History  of  Kentucky  and  the  West;  and  a  Chronology  of 
the  Principal  Events  in  Western  History  to  1806."  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  had  mainly  completed  a  "  History  of  the  Valley  of  the  Ohio,"  in  the 
monthly  numbers  of  the  Western  Journal  and  Oimlian.  Of  this  lie  left  the 
MS.,  revised  and  nearly  ready  for  publication  in  book  form;  b«t  during  the 
civil  war,  a  portion  of  this,  with  other  valuable  papers  and  most  of  his  li- 
brary, was  stolen  or  destroyed  by  Federal  soldiers.  As  a  historian  (see  Por- 
trait in  the  group  of  Kentucky  Historians)  Dr.  Butler  was  exceedingly 
laborious,  lull  sometimes  even  to  tedium,  exact  as  to  facts,  conscientious,  fair, 
plain-spoken,  and  nearly  always  interesting,  but  with  few  passages  that  were 
I. ..41 


642  HISTORIANS  OF  KENTUCKY. 

eloquent  or  specially  attractive  in  style.  The  legislature  of  Kentucky  (sec 
pages  38,  39,  ante)  favored  his  work  by  granting  unusual  privileges  with  the 
archives.     His  labors  as  a  historian  were  highly  valuable. 

5.  Judge  Lewls  Collins  published,  in  1847,  a  history  of  Kentucky  which 
had  a  larger  circulation  and  was  more  generally  known  than  any  which  pre- 
ceded it — entitled  "Historical  Sketches  of  Kentucky,  embracing  its  History, 
Antiquities,  and  Natural  Curiosities,  Geographical,  Statistical,  and  Geological 
Descriptions,  with  Anecdotes  of  Pioneer  Life,  and  more  than  100  Biographical 
Sketches  of  Distinguished  Pioneers,  Soldiers,  Statesmen,  Jurists,  Lawyers, 
Divines,  etc.;"  in  one  vol.,  8vo.,  pp.  560.  Of  this  work,  4,300  copies  were 
published;  and  yet  it  is  very  rare.  Judge  C.  was  the  father  of  the  author  of 
the  present  work.     [See  sketch  of  him,  in  Vol  II,  page  583.] 

6.  In  1872,  Col.  William  B.  Allen  issued  his  "  History  of  Kentucky,  em- 
bracing Gleanings,  Reminiscences,  Antiquities,  Natural  Curiosities,  Statistics, 
and  Biographical  Sketches;"  in  one  vol.,  8vo.,  pp.  449.  [For  sketch  of  Col. 
A.,  see  Vol.  II,  page  298.] 

7.  Richard  H.  Collins  (author  of  the  present  work,  the  most  recent  and 
most  comprehensive  History  of  Kentucky,  issued  in  August,  1874,  in  two 
vols.,  8vo.,  707  and  804  pages),  eldest  son  of  Judge  Lewis  Collins  above,  was 
born  at  Maysville,  Ky.,  May  4,  1824 ;  educated  at  the  Maysville  Seminary 
until  1840;  graduated  at  Centre  College,  Danville,  1842,  and  A.  M.  of  same, 
1845  ;  in  mercantile  business,  1842-45  ;  graduate  of  Transylvania  Law  School, 
1846;  editorof  Maysville  .Ba^Ze,  1845-50  and  1853-57;  practiced  law,  1851- 
53  and  1862-71 ;  founder  and  publisher  of  Danville  Review,  1861  ;  engaged 
exclusively  in  the  preparation  of  this  work,  for  nearly  four  years,  1870-74. 

OTHER  WORKS   UPON    THE   HISTORY    OF    KENTUCKY. 
In  addition  to  those  noted  above,  upon  the  general  history  of  the  State,  the 
following  works,  several  of  them  very  small,  have  done  an  important  part  in 
preserving  portions  of  the  history  : 

8.  Rev.  Henry  TouLMiN.  "A  Description  of  Kentucky,  etc. ;"  8vo.,  124 
pp.,  with  map.     London,  1792.     [See  sketch,  on  page  249,  Vol.  II.] 

9.  Gilbert  Imlay's  "Topograpliical  Description  of  the  Western  Territory, 
belonging  mainly  to  Kentucky.  8vo.,  247  pp.  London,  1792,  and  repub- 
lished 1793  and  1797.  This  is  chiefly  valuable  for  preserving  John  Filson's 
work,  above.  Imlay  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  as  "  com- 
missioner for  laying  out  lands  in  the  back  settlements "  (whatever  that 
means)  came  to  Kentucky,  and  in  1784  was  appointed  a  surveyor  in  Jefferson 
county,  and  "laidotf  many  thousands  of  acres  of  lands.  Probably,  he  was 
agent  for  English  land  speculators  (see  Vol.  II,  page  599). 

10.  Gen.  Robert  B.  McAfee's  "  History  of  the  Late  War  in  the  Western 
Country,"  published  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  in  1816,  536  pp.,  8vo.  [See  sketch, 
Vol.  n,  p.  621.] 

11.  Dr.  Samuel  L,  Metcalfe's  "Narratives  of  Indian  Warfare,"  8vo., 
Lexington,  1821.     Very,  i-are. 

12.  John  A.  McClunq's  "  Sketches  of  Western  Adventure,"  12mo,  360  pp., 
published  at  Maysville,  in  1832,  is  a  work  of  remarkable  interest.  [See 
sketch.  Vol.  II,  page  584.] 

13.  Gov.  James  T.  Morbbead's  "  Address  in  Commemoration  of  the  First 
Settlement  of  Kentucky,  at  Boonesborough,  May  25,  1840."  8vo.,  181  pp. 
Frankfort,  1S40.     Rare,  and  strikingly  interesting. 

14.  Judge  James  Hall.  Sketches  of  History,  etc.,  in  the  West.  2  vols., 
12mo.,  pp.  282  and  276.  Philadelphia,  1835.  Preserves  some  valuable  let- 
ters and  documents  no  where  else  to  be  found  except  as  copied  from  it. 
Much  romance,  in  his  writings,  needs  to  be  separated  from  what  is  history. 

15.  John  Bradford's  Notes  on  Kentucky,  in  newspaper  articles ;   1827. 
But  these  are  not  all.     Several  histories  of  the  churches,  of  Louisville,  and 

of  Lexington,  public  addresses,  and  biographies  of  Daniel  Boone,  Simon  Ken- 
ton, Dr.  Lewis  F.  Linn,  and  other  pioneers  and  sons  of  pioneers,  have  preserved 
much  that  is  intensely  interesting  and  valuable  in  Kentucky  history.  They 
can  not  be  mentioned  in  detail  here,  for  want  of  space.  [See  their  titles  in 
the  List  of  Authorities,  page  11,  ante.] 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Ables.George... 
Abel,  Rev.  Jcre 
Abel),  Robert.. 
A  bell,  Robert.. 


\ccident,  firet  rji 
at    l)ank"Lk'ii 


1.457  Africau  church  mob- 

..3S6       beii 

..4*^  Africau  [see  NeoroJ. 
..3J7iAged    people    Leee 

••jjj5l      <-'f.>''''ENARlANJ. 


fair, 


I  Mas. 
I  fairs  held  by 
I  Akere,  Rev'.'Pete 


Alcorn,  JW.'dV 
Alexander,  A.  , 


M(-ar,t.  3.-.1 

l<)2,  .'ill3 

eil  by  IndiansB 


legisla 

elected  governor.. 

aids  Burr , 

at  battle  of  New 

Orleans 289 

Adair,  Captain 


Adams,  GeoiRe 

Adams,  Geo.  M..16I 
230.  2:!.'>,  243,  351 

Adams,  Green 3.^ 

Adams.  John,  Tice 

very  odious  in  K 
idams,  J.  Q.,  elect 

of. 

vote  for,  in  Ky... 

visits  of. 

defends  H.Clay.. 


Adams,  Lois  B ( 

Adams,  Peter 

Adams,  Col.  Silas 1 

139,  181 

Adams,  Simon i 

Adams,  Wm 

Adams,  Rev.  \Vm - 

Addison,  Wm 

Address  to  the  people 
Adkins,  Edward 


James 
.lexander,  J 
ilexaiider,  J 


er,  l).D.,Rev. 
iCau 


AlIen.Dr.Jno.Kowanl 

Allen,  Jos ; 

Allen,  Key.  Richard 


.vs,  Judge  Lan- 

Vatson 47,116, 

7,l6fi,246iB,  351,370 


Allen,  V 
Allison, 


I'^nias iW,.r'.6  Anger.  K 4«8 

''"•  Tom 104 1  Angora,  horse  race 41 

f,  v.,  artist. ...44 1  Animals,  dead,  into 

• 24fie|     ponds 201 

'"'•  v; 246ij  Annexation,  first  step 

'»!•  B ....52.)      in  territorial 2S7 

«•/•■•••: 213  Annexation  of  Texas? 

c,  hrst  m  and  its  effects 327 

■.•"i,"-; .21  Annuity  by  Legisla- 

JonliJ 1841     tnre  498 

Lieut.  Col...,134  !  Anniversary  .MtiiVof 

".J"l"l»> "I    settlement  of  Ky 46 

from         lAnthonv.  Wni  T   ex. 

.  «■)• 358 ;     pelled... '. loO 

Ambrose.  James  C...246/  Anti-slavery  news- 

Ameudmeut,  paper  stopped 330 

XllltJi 154,  159,  16fi|  Appeals,  court  of..20,31. 


party, 
;hilip.... 


,  Pet.-r... 
Alexander,  Philip... 
Alexander,  Robert. 
Alexander,  Robert 

Aitcheson  .«7,7"),77,133, 

135,154,  173.183 


Alford,  J.  T.. 
Alfred   Dr.  G 

Alienan'died 


Allegheny,  fast  steam- 


Allen,  Capt.,  death.. 
■■'     ,shot... 


Allen,  Capt.  James 41 

Allen.  Col.  Joliu 9.23, 

179,355,356,l'i6,3.57,463, 


,     eoli'i's     '. "l32 

linour,  John 53(1 

'Ancient  Goveruor"225 
Lucieii  t  order  of  Un  ited 
Workmen,   grand 

tNDERBON  County. i 


speech 

Anderson,  E.  VV 24( 

Anderson,  Miss  Ellen, 

quilt 68,  69 


Anderi 


.354, 


Anderson,  Richard  C, 

'r 351,  358,364 

derson,  Gen.  Rich- 

rdH 113 

Anderson,  Robert 8 

Anderson, Gen. Rob' t. 84, 
8.'.,  87,  94,  96,96, 131,362 


Anderson,  Elisisu 
Robert  A 


...218 


Allen,  Gen.,  at 
Tlialnes  live. 


horse,  death  of. 

ipperson,  Richard." 
367 
ipperson,  Richard, 

ipples,  large !!!.'.' 


AuportK 

legisla 

Appropi 


:  home  guards 91 

■ sbiind...l49 

•up.105 


order  to  deliver  i 


Armstrong, , 
trong, , 

169,  532 


Army.  British,  Col. 
Byrdofthe 

(643) 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Army,  raisiDg  of, 

in  Ky S 

of  th3  North-west...2 
Miij.  Key  dismissed 

officers'Tesiimoiiyil 

Arnold,  John 

Arnold,  Philip....24f>,  23 

Arnold,  S.  B 10 

Arnold.  Zebra 

Arrests  by  Federals.. 10 
Gen.Palmersorderl.-i 
illegal, Rev.  Dr.R.  J. 


'T;:. 


banging  ot 

Atwood,  ItobHr' 
Aubrey,  Samuel 


Auditor's  report. 
Auditor,  special  i 


Auditor's  report, 
Au  GlaizoVliidiaiV 
Augusta     college, 

Augusta,  battle  of. 

cholera  in,  18J9 

temperance  society  ..36 
tornado  in 

Aurora  Borealis.... 

Aunt  Hagar 246* 

Austin,  Johu 

Avery,  Bouj.  F.,  large 


very  el  id.  vs.  W 

i  ni ;  A xley.  Rev." Jiimi 
,107;  Aycock,  Robert.. 


Arsenal,  appropriati 

for  an 

Arthur,  Capt 

Arthur,  Peter  G 

Arthur,  Wm  E 

243,351,371 

Artists  of  Ky 6 

Artus,  James,  medal 

given  to I 

Asbury,    Bishop, 

visits  Ky 446,4 

Ash,  Vincent,  expellei 


Asbby,  John,  visit  t 

Ky 

Ashcraft,  W.  F.,  co 


Ashfurd.Jas.  M.. 


saleoflotsin 

Ashley,  GetiTvJ'm"  H.240 
Assessor,  duties  of. 


derof. 

Baker,  engineer 

Baker,  George 

Baker,  Capt.  Hendr 

D 

Baker.James  VV 

Baker,  Joshua 

I  Baker,  Col.  R.  Tar- 

covered 206;     vin.169,  I7S,  181. 187 

Vsylum,  Inebriate.... 226  Baker,  William. ...16 

Deaf  and  Dumb...30.31, 1  Balance.  Peter 

69, 165, 194  i  Balch,  Kev.  Janins... 

Blind 16.0,186" 

£aBterD  LunAtic.30,65, 

71),  79,  165,  178,  H6,  193 

Western  Lunatic. ...56, 

79,  84,  86,  154,  165, 169, 

176,  186,  191,  202 

D.  S.  military 66 


Asteroid. 


tions,  Library, 
tlie'Ky'.'.ls 


Bacon  College 0( 

Bacon,  Capt 1 

Bacou,  Capt.  Kob't  G.t 

Bacon,  John « 

Badiii,  Rev.  Stephen 


Bailey,  Richard.. 
Bailey,  Thomas.. 

Baird,  James 

Baird,  John 


shoots  Dan'l  Bates. 


Atlanta  Confederacy, 


uponbol.D.Kogers.2 
Attack,  the,  of  Indians 

upon  McGary 2 

Attorneys,  bill  to  give 

lien  on  property  for 


and  of  Daveiss 2( 

B.iLl.ARD  County. ..16.20 

89,9.3,  114,128,  142,221 
Ballard.  Bland.9,13,71,1 


Ballard,OranvilleM..593 

Ballengall,  David 27 

Balle\v,Geo.  W 169 

Ballew,  Ricjiard 7 

Ballinger,  J.  F J70 

Ballinger,  John  L 367 

Balloon  ascenBion..4n,42 
Ballot,  elections  by...226 
Ballot,  first  voting  bv. 


Dotes,  an  act  relat 

notes,  Ky.'.'.TmVi'ii 
stock,  taxation  of.'..39 
U.S.-Pres't  Jack- 


branch  of  U.S.  ii 

Kentucky 

capital  in  7th  Ky 

Bank'l-"^  ' 
forty  icdependen 

chartered. ...28,29,318 
charters,  repealed.  "" 
dividend8.63,l  72,174, 


failu 


Ey., 


70, 

oflin  vetoes 
of,  author- 


small  issues  of  Ky., 

authorized 8 

suspension  of  specie 


K)-- 


minors  can  deposit 
in 10 

ity il 

National,  in  Ky., 

1366 16 

not  allowed  to  issue 

notes 15 

of  Paris,  Ky.,  statis- 

su^pensioii  ofJ..'.."2*46d 


notes  of,  burned..32,35 
Bank  of  Kentucky! 


dividend 55,  221 

charter  of,  extended79 
stock,  sale  of,  1S63...126 
at  Lexington  rob- 


bed.. 


..134 
itock 223 


Bank  of  Ky.,  North. 

ern 55,  70,  325 

chartered 40 

charter  extended 79 

Bank  of  Louisville....37, 
55,  79,  80,  325 

Bank  of  Kentucky, 


l.4,5,.'i 


153,1 


Souther] 
12<.i,  1.30.  131 
ankofKy. 


Bank  of  Ky.,  Com- 
mercial  63.  79.  8i 

Bank  of  Ky.,  People 


Bankof  A8hland...76,82 
Bank,  National,  shares 


Banks,  0 
nients. 


Baptism,  debate  on. 

Baptism,  discussion" 

of. 246D.430 

Baptist  Church,  sketch 

^  of.......  416 

first  in  Ky 416 

Baptists,  regular  and 

separate 418 

Particular,    the 
schism  of. 26 

on  slavery 25 

Baptist.WestHrn.Theo- 

logical  Institute 45 

Baptist  Theological 

Seminary 24fi(! 

Bapti:  '       '     ~ 


)H. 


Lex- 


Barber,  Lander 169 

Barbour,  Janies....L>0,177 
Barbour,  Philip.. ..3.54,366 
Barbour,  Maj.  Philip 


Barbour,  Rev.  Lewii 


Barboursville, 

skirafish"::::: 

Barclay.  Capt., 


cholera  in  1833 

fire 

death  of  B.Hardin 


Barker,  Joseph... 
Barker,  Stephen.. 
Barkley.  Steplien 
Barlow,  Arthur.. 
Barlow, Capt.  Ed' 

Bariow,  Jaine.«...., 
Barlow,  John  S... 
Barlow,  Joseph... 
Bailow.Thoe  H..I 

516 
Barnnid,  Wm.  L 
Barnes,  Eugene,  t 


Barnes,D,D.,Rev.Ja 

C,  death  of... 
Barnes,  Dr.  Jo 


Barnes,  S.  S... 
Barnett,  Jam 
Barnett,  Jos. 
Barnes^  \tm. 


..246/ 
..246> 


GENERAL   IKDEX. 


lynch  liuv 

railroad  debl. 
Bartiett,  Andrt 


Barr.M.W.,  arr 


Barrow,  liuv.  Dai 
Barry,  Col.  H.  W 

Barry,  Win.  T 5 

lT<l.3.)n,.3.M,.l'.l,.' 


Bartiett,  Maj. 
Bartley,  Gov., 
Bartley,  Thoa 


izi'l? 


Bates,  Wm.. 

Bath  Count' 

55,  89,  91, 


large  sale  of  laii 

R. ft.  debt 

Battalion- 
Green  River 

MiddleGreenRiv 
NorthCumberIa 
SoiithCuniberlai 
Three  Forks,  Ky 
Hall's  Gap 


Mobile,  Ala 

Point  Pleasant, 

Sandy  Isl.anrt 

near  Bine  Licks. 
Boonesboroniili. 

HarrodsburK 

Fort  Jefferson.... 
Lower  Blue  Lie 
Mountsterling... 
Morgan  6  btatio 


Bacon  creek  bridgel 

Bear  Wallow 1 

Big  Black  bridge, 
Miss l; 


Boston,  Nelson  C0..1 
Boston,  Whitley  co. 
Bntlington's  Isle....) 


I  Hf-an.  W.  M.. 


BearW^iluwi'sk 

Beasley,  Willian 
Seattle,  Jas.  Ah 


Beatty,  Danie 
Beatty,  David 
Beatty,  Marti 


Piketon.. 
Leba'lionl 


New  Haven,  Ky 


nmsey.Ky 
Lis.sellville. 


Fort  S 


Battles  of  War  of  1 


Battles  of  Mexican  V 


Whippoorwill  bridge. 


Daugnman,  jonn tc 

Baxter,  John  G..217,236, 

Baxter,  Miles,  Jr., 


Baylcss,  Dr.  Geo.  W.246( 

Bavley,  John 419 

Baylor,  Walker...3.i4,36s 
Beach,  Andrew  and 


Bean,  Leonard... 


Beck,  ar 
Beck,  Ml 
Beck,  J n 


Beckne 
Bedford 
Bedforii 
Bedf.iri 


...ilSlBerea  College.  1.573, 
....79  Beresfurd,  Frank. 

..622  Bergh,  Henry 

...Ml  Berkeley,  Itev.  Ed\ 


Berry,  One-arni 1C9 

Berry,  Richmond,  exe- 
cution of. 103 

Berry,  Wm 12 

Bert  rand,  hung 17(1 

Beson,  Wra.  M 139 

Bethcl.pllinderert H3 

Belts,  Mary  E.  W 584 

Beverly,  Col.  Win lli 

Bevier.Col.  E.  S 207 

Bibb.  (5eo.  M....30,34,35, 
36.351,  .359,  359,497,498 
609,  .525,  539 
Bibb,  Henry  G 69,  3M 

Bible,  price  of  the"4'9l"492 
printed  in  166  lan- 
guages  491 


Bible  Societies  in  Ky., 

sketch  of. 491.  4 

Bible  Society,  British 


Massachusetts... 

Kentucky 4 

Halifax 


.Hen 


Beecher,  Rev.Lyiniiii  ^ 
Beekman,  Dan'l  F ...  I 
Belden,  Capt.Sanri.    .  ; 

Belknap,  Chas vi- 

Belknap,  tien.W .  W.2n., 

Belknap,  Wm.  B It.! 

Bei.l  County,  changed 


v'iBi?eil^y"B?i 

iicger.J.  M.,  li 
Gov.  Magolfln 
iigham,  James 
iig  Hill,  battle 
Bill  Hill,  skiim 

]  Big  Sandy' 


osbuar..6n,»l,  Sll, 
121,  12.1,  i:iO,  1.52, 
17B,341,351,3 


335  Bill  iter, 

356|Bincoe,  M..Bliot 

Binder,  rublic,  elec- 


udge  Uullittt., 

Bell,   Mes.srs 

Bell,   Philip 


ett,  Capt.  J..129,  139 

ett,  W.  H 15« 

iiig,  shooting  of.S.'i 

Bently.  James 12 

Benton,  Mortimer 

"    136,137,169,2466 

Benton,  Thomas  H 71 

death  of. 79 

letter  of  H.  Clay  to,.65 


Biichett,  Rev. 

Henry 446,449 

Bird,  Charles  W...35S,359 


Birds,  flights  of... 

Birks.John 

Biniey,  David  B... 
Birney,  James : 


Birney,W.McDowcll.362 
Births,  registration....63 
Births,  six  at  once....l98 


mayor  of  Cincin- 
nati  82 

Bishop,  Silas  N.,  shot  by 


....65  Bishop,  Kev.  Robert 

Rev.J.  G.  Fee,     i     H 362,492 

81  lBlack,Chas.  Q 630 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Blackburn,  Jas.  A 107 

Bl,ickUurn,Joa.C.S.2J3 

Blackburn,  J.  T 107 

Blackball!,  Rev.  Gid- 
eon  4SD,  485 

Blackburn,  I)r.L.P.246p 

Blackburn,  Samuel 6 

Blackburn,  Wni 6 

Blackburn,  William 

B 364,363 

BIackman,Kev.L.450,452 

Blackfeet,  chief 19 

Blackfieh,  chief. 19 

"  Black  Friday  " 198 

Black  Hawk,  chief......37 

Black,  Jerrys.,  arm 

crus'hcd is: 

Blackwood,  horse 198 

Blair,  S 


Bohan 


.John 


Bolivar,  Gen.,  I 
the  hair  of.... 
Holland,  \Vm... 
Bollinger.  Joh 
Boiling.  Br"' 
Holt,  Capt.,  -- 
Bolton,  Sarah  T.. 

Bomar,  John 

Bouafil.Mrs 


Blair,  John 36' 

Blair,  MontRomery...3.')i 

Blair,  Wm.  W 6(1,  36: 

Blair,  Judge,  sustains 

Judge  Clark 32( 

Blake.Thomas  H.359,361 

Blakeinore,  John : 

Blakey,  George ' 


liard.  Rev.  J.,  de- 


.  Bobt.  B.. 


Booth,  J.  Wilkes. 116,157  . 

Bosh,  George 

Boston,  Reuben 


,  Whitley  Co., 


abroad... 
burned.. 


turity.. 
ids,  D.  ! 


.96,182 

60,84 

1  after  ma- 


Blandford,  J.C. 


burned 62 

rebuilt .63 

report  for  1869 194 

Blind,  education  of.....47 

Blindness,  cure  of. 41 

Bliss,  Leonard,  shot, ..47 

Blockades,  paper 296 

Blodget,  Loriu .3'.*6 

Bloomer,  Gilbert 7 

Bloomfield— 


Blount,  Henry  C 

Blue-grass  region 

Blue-srass  soils 

Blue  Licks,  Upper- 
defeat  of  Capt.  Holder 

Blue  Lick8,"Lower— 

defeat  near 19 

disastrous  battle  at255 
bridge  at,  destroyed,40 
remiins  found  at....  " 

Blyew,  Geo.,  murder 

Blythe,  Rev.  James..3 
4.i7.  46.3j  472,  476, 492 

Bly  the,  James  E 

Board,  Philip 

Board  of  War  in 

Ky 22,273 

Board?,  N 249(( 

Boarders,  S .246t 

Boats,  first  line  of  Ohio 
packets 2; 

Bodley,  Mrs.  H.J 621 

Bodley,  Thomas.368,  369, 
396,  407.  524,  525 

Bodley,  Wra.  S 

&o4mann,  Charles 


Bones  of  mammoth.. 

Booker,  Samuel 

Booker.Capt.  W.  M. 
Books,  bill  to  purclia 


law  of,  repealed 226 

lost,  destroyed,  e' "  """ 


bounty  fund 

Boon.Judge  A.R...1 

Boon,  Ratliff 3 

Boone,  Anna 

Boone,  Daniel 21 

249,  2»0,2.t6,366,3J 
5)1,511,511 

comes  to  Ky 

sent  to  Falls  of  Ohio.17 
pilots  explorers, 
captured  aud  re 


remarkable^escape.. 
investigation  about 
expedition  to  Ohio.. 


Boone,  Jemima... 

,  Enoch 

Boone^  Jacob 

Boone,  Samuel.. 


Boone,  Col.  William 
P...86,  87,9.'),  108,235 

Boone,  Mrs.  and  daugh 
ter,  first  white  womei 
on  Ky.  river 24 

Boone,  Camp,  recruit- 


....525, 


E..356  : 


Bostwick,  Henry. 

527,  527,  527 
Boswell,  George. 
Eoswell,  WiUianr 

BoBwell,Col 

Botanical  garden. 
Botetourt,  Barou  de.365 

Botts,  Moses 

Botts,  Thomas  R 2i 

Botts,  MaJ.Wm.  H ! 

Bouchet,  Bev.M 2 

Boughuer,  Reuben 

Boundary  between  K; 

and  Tennessee 29,  83 

ounty  to  soldiers.. 

in  Ky 


65,  56,  58,  59,  60, 1 

66,67,68,71,72,; 

77,81,82,  68,  89,S 

95, 97,  99, 100,  102,  103, 

104,108,109,110,111,115, 

116,118,120,121,122,123, 

127,128,129,133,153.162, 

164,166,169,171,173,176, 

176.178,180,182,187,189, 

190,191,192.193,194,195 


...246/ 


formation  of...... 

cholera  in  1633.. 


disloyal  citizens  in. 10 
citizens  of,  at  Camp 

Chase 1" 

treason  in .11 

ealeof  lands  in 12 

votes  against  railroai 

aid 19 

votes  railroad  aid. ..197 
only  one  distillery  in 

operation..... 19! 


jrboii  whiskey  distil- 


,'jhy!lie 


Boy,  Edward.... 
Boyd,  Alfred.... 

Boyd,  J.  T 

Boyd,  John  M » 

Boyd,  Linn 67,69,71,81, 

-1.351^,364,364 

BOTLE  County.'.20,"2i',"22, 
28,  29.30,  a3, 34,38, 47, 
!>3, 69,  63, 66,  67,74,77, 
78,79,80,83,98,99,100, 
)03,I10,11I, 113,114,116, 
117,121.122,128,132,135, 
137,1.54,167,171,173,176, 
176,179,162.183,189,191, 
195,196.206,211,215,226 

established 47 

B.  B.  debt 211 

votes  railroad  aid...l91 

Boyle,  Barney 11 

Boyle,  James 362 

Boyle,  Gen.  Jerry  T..104, 
105,149,177,362 

sketch  of. 215 

appointment  of 102 

woman  order liJi 

orders  of.... I'll.  104,  115 


'izes  distilled  corn  128 

jsieniition  of. 130 

;le,  John : 613 

Boyle,  John,  chief  jus- 
tice.....ll,31..32,  39.  320, 
351,3'i<l,  362,497,509,  613 

Boyle,  Col.  John 114 

Boyle,  Col.  Wm.0 150 

Boys,  confined  for 


Bracken  County.. 


founded,  fort  built.249 
assembly  at 


Boutwell.Geo. 


Bowler,  B.  B 

Bowles,  Orlando  C. 
Bowling,  Capt 

Bowliiigl  Judge  Robert 

BowiingTB.'w'.V.".'.'.'. 
Bowling,  Wni.K.367,  504 
Bowling  Green,  Ky 

cholera  in 59,  72 

Peoples'  Bank  at. 
iron  bridge  at 


citizens  am 


'■  Motes  on  Ky. 
Bradford*  Wan 
Bradford.  Labau 


negro  prisoners.. 


Boonevi'Ue.guerrillas  133;Bowman,  Geo.  W. 


Brad'ford,  Thos.  H.. 

Bradford,  Wm 

Bradley,  Alfred  K.. 
Bradley,"  -     "  "' 
Bradley, 
Bradley,  Mr 

Bradley,  Wm 84,  367 

Bradley,  W.  C    .^8 

Bradley,  Wm.0 23o 

Bradley,  Maj.Wm.W.135 

-      ■  •  iw,  Benj 513 

Bradshaw.  Clailiorne...8 

Bradshaw,  John .246/ 

Brady,  Wm .5 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Brfldy  &  Davis  vn.  L.  and 
N.  B.  R..  decided 92 

Bragg,  Gen.  Brax- 
ton  J47,348 

enters  Ky 112 

at  Glasgow,  Ky 112 


iimlette,  Jas.  T 16(i 

amiette.  Gov.  Tlios. 
E...130,l.n,lS>,136,lfi3, 
170,217,221,236,348,349, 


to  Gen.  Burbridge.148, 


Brand.  Alex.  H . 


Brand,  George  ( 
Brand,  Jame".,.. 
Brandenburg,  ti 


Brank,  llobert 


,  1-B, 


1,39,  yn 


Breathil 
37,  3! 
3S4,  36 
monnrnent  to 22^ 

Breck,  J^ndge  Dan'iei.'.W, 
19S,351,370,496,.i2.i.  52« 

Breck,  Kev.  Robert 


threatens  to  resignll7 

replies  to  Bragg 123 

order  of. 149 

petition  for  pardonl69 

canard  uf  banquet 


Breckinridge,  Maj.  Jos. 


Breckinridge,  Kev.  Dr 
Robert  J..32,45,5.'i,6 
131,I.W,142,l«n,l,s2,22 
3fi2,)i;i,,467,4i;u.47U,47: 
5U3,  5UI,  507,  526 


R.T.Jacob  against, 
resblntion  abont.... 
Breckinridge,  Col. 


.It  Saltville.  Va 142 

fpi'.'iii  of 196 

Bmknin.lge,  Rev.  Dr. 
U,„.    [ 362.466,472, 

flreckinridgo,  Uanip...94 

Urennu, Jacob 5 

Brent,  Maj.  Tlio.  Y.  .12.5 
Brenton.  Iianiuel.3(il,362 
Brest,  Sr.,  John 6 

Bribery,  first  charge  of, 
Kj\  legislature... .W 

■  M!'c"!!!Z!j6;i 


on  Mays,  and  Lex. 
Iridges  burned  duri'i 


pay  for,  demanded.  199 

Bridges,  James 18,513 

Bridges,  Judge  J.  L....74 

Bridges,  Jane 5 

Bridgewater,  Maj.  Jas. 

H.,shot 150,154,181 

Briggs,  Beuj.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.V.'.'.'.'..12 

Briggs,  Ohiis.  M 83 

Briggs,  Samuel 12 

Brlgfit,  Jesse  D..176, 186, 
358,  360,  360,  371 


Bee 


Brick  \ 

Loui! 

Bridge 


Brecliinridge,  Alex. .3.51 

Breckinridge,  Geo r.2> 

Breckinridge,  Jas.  D.33, 

351 
Breckinridge,  Hon. 

356.359,363;4/i5,'477;508' 
as  author  of  Ky. 

Resolutions 401 

Breckinridge.  Rev. 

Breckinridge,'  Gen. 

John  C..5S,67,.xll.S2,90, 
92,97,176,180,  191,199, 
2461),  332,  333,  334,  342, 


Lower  Bine  Licks 


itMcwpoi 


preferred  sUick -i. 

elevation  of 11.-. 

;  Falmouth,  Ky 66' 


Brown,  Mattie,  mem- 
zed  the  Bible 1^ 

Brown,  Judge  MasunJ 


,ty  witli  Ulay.  49 

I'u,  Scott 91,  96 

vn,Sr.,  Thomas... .8 

Brown,  Thomas  C 6 

vn,  Thomas  D....367 
)t 67 


Brown,  Wm.  J....3.'i9,361 
Browne,  Richard  J. ..183 
Browning,  Miss,  the 
giautess,  death  of.. ..51 


Briscoe,  Kev.  jas....'246y 

Bristol,  W.M        52s 

Bristow.Col.Benj. 

H....134J53,176,246ll,359 
Bristow, Francis  M.351, 


353,353,3,53'' 


1)3, 3.53 
Bru'cei  Col.  s'.' 


Bronker,  Geo 
Bronsoii,  Tho 
Brooks,  Eben 
Brooks,  BdW! 


iMubach,  George....l74 

iiinback.  Peter i 

liner,  J.B...91,151,169, 

S4 

niiner,  Peter 356 

Brush,  Rev.  Geo.  W.,.">(I7 
hcreek,  freshet. 173 

Bryan's  Station... .20,2.55 


rocks,  Hon.  James, 

visits  H.Clay 61 

rooks,  John 5 

rooks.  Rev.  St...445,446 


Bryan,  George.., 


dd'e  of. l'99 

>t,  Mrs.  Mary ....56 

it!wm.Cui'l'eu'.'579, 


1,  Jame8...,350,35S. 
Secretary    of 

lIj:'K.'.';.'.';.'.'.'.'.'.'.24fi> 

1!  Jiib'n!22.'26,'26i27'i 
,,155.355.360,361,365, 
,  407,  508,  539 


Bnchannn,  Col.. 


Buchanan,  Dr.  Joseph 

:    119,  137,  139 

Buchanan,  Nathan. .lbs 

Buckley  ■,Capt.Ge'o.'f.'.'l'!i7 
Buckley,  Col.  H.  M...1.5n 
Buckley,  Col 154 


Buckner,  Benj.  F.. 
Hnckner,  Garret  E 


Philip 3 

Sr.,  Judge 
Richard  A..35,35..'.7,: 


Uioun.  Rev. John  H.5.), 
Brown,  reformed... 


342,  345,  363,  408, 


,To'=^-ii';i( 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Ill,  73,  ^9,  121,139,157, 
ouoy  lefunded  to.l21 


puit^ut'^  r..S.  troopsll 


stiibU-s  iiii' 


Older   No.  W  of. 136 

trade  orders  of. 13S, 

139,  151,152,  156 
arbitrary  order  of.Hl 
letters  to  Gov.  Brani- 

lette 147,  US 

at  Siiltville,  Va.U2,l5<) 


Bull,  Dr.  John, 


28,42,43,55,72,83,94,111, 
112,  145,  157 
Bullitt,  .\lex.  Scott. ..25 
150,351,355,356,357,363, 
SOS,  5(19 
first  speaker  of  Sen- 
ate  27; 

Bullitt,  Alex.  U.,  death 

Buliitt,'ju'dgeJoslVua 


Bullitt,  Capt.  Thos...l7, 
513 
descends  the  Ohio....l7 
lays  fonndatiou  c 
Louisville 


Bullock,  EduiuDd....363, 

363,  405 
Bullock,  Edward  I..227, 

246). 
Bullock.  Jas.M 3,50, 


fc 121. 

Bullock,  Samuel  R 57 

Bullock,  Thomas 5)3 

Bullock,  Judge  VVm. 
F...M,  87,  BS,  124,  176, 
217,  371 
decision  on  lotteries7S 
~    "  Wiugfield...351 


Bullocks,  fine.. 


•probabledl^Veiseo 

defcEided 

subject  of  contro- 

.1S5 

.203 
.204 

some  lood't'liing  it 

•BmbrWgeTmb'roglio'' 

BSrc'l'I'Ke'v.'jas"  K.;i76, 

4S3 
Burcli,.IosepIl 8 

liurge,  Lemuel., 
Uurge,  Richard. 
Burger,  Sr.,  Joh 


Uurgesses  from  Ky. 
Burgess,  Tristan 
Burke,  Robert.... 


,  Tristam....246>i 


Kkirntisb  near 

Surliiigtou,  choi'ei 
iurnam,Ci\rtisF, 
lai,  134,  337,  370 

Juriiam,Jolin 97.  3-.3 

Jurnet,  Jacob  lOhio).. Ill 


.Ire.ssedoutofollicelOO 

Kyri:::: 

urnsiile,  JIaj.Gen. 

Cadiz,  raid « 

.\nihrose  B- 

Cady.Oharle 

commaud  of 122 

Cady,  Mary 

order  No.  Js 122 

Cabin.  Saiul 

Cahokia,  cap 

declares  I'uartiai'i'aw" 

Cain,  John.. 

iu  Ky 127 

!u  Lexingtou 127 

Cain,  Johns 

Cain,  Nevill. 

public  defence 291 

trial  postponed 292 

again  postponed. ...292 
disavows  to  Mr.  Clay 
any  improper  de- 
sign  293 

acquitted  by  grand 

jury 293 

project  unfolded 294 


real  attitude  at  thi 

letteilToW'ii'kiuso 
and  Eaton 

death  of. 

Burton,  Allen  A 

Burton,  Joseph 

Burton,  Robert  A 


.veil!  br?riaVic 
ivell.Gco.Alfre 


speech  against  Cin. 

Southern  K.  R 200 

Caldwell,  Geu.  Jobn.25, 

91,3.50,354,354,357,363, 

364.  366 
Caldwell,  Maj 20 


Calhoon,  Jolin 351 

Calhoon,  Hev.  Wm...461 
Calhoon, Ky.,ciipturel03 

Can,'ioli'r,''G."M.'..V.V.V.246/ 

Calhoun,  James  C 164 

Calhoun. Jiio.C.elected 


Call,  Ri.hard  K..,35S,361 


ist^rMiitoi 
97,115,157 


..26,3S,; 


Butler,  Geu.  Benj.r. 120 

Butler,  John 

■'—'",  Mam 

000 

Butler"'jv'obh 

Butler,  Percival i 

Butler,  Gen.  Richard 
21,  23 

Butler,  Richard  P.... 

Butler,  Gen.  Wm.O.. 
64,  56,  86,  130,  152,  1 
246m, 341, 351, 358,3 


Bword  presented 54 

Butler,  Wm.  H.  G., 

shot 68 

Butterfleld,  Stacey  & 

Co 177 

Buzan,  John 6 

Byrd.Col 20,516 

Byrne.  Rev.  Wm 489 

Byrne's  battery 102 


apiur 


Callaway.  John 13 

Callaway,  Col.  Richard 
18,  249,  355.  31*,  366,  612 

Calvert,  Chas.  K 205 

Calvert,  Capt.  John246e 

Calvert,  J.  H 246/ 

Camanche,    Iowa, 


2S„-ill.r..39.4ll,42,4 
55,66,67,6^.69.70,7 
8I,83.«4,S8.,S9,9?,9 


Campbell,  Arthur 365 

Canipbell,Capt.Chas.5I0 
pV.ell,  D.  B 100 


CauipUell.  John.. 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


CampbeU,Col..Ioli 


3.'>7, 357,  3(;6,  366,366'. 


tered 2( 

Chiiudoin,  Andrew 

Cheatham,  Jolio 5c 

Cheatham,  Gen.  Wm. 


,  Judge  Charles 

2( 

Carr,  Clifton  F 2A 


at  Cane  Ridge 

Camps,  Federal,  in Kyy4 
C'anipbellsville- 


from  Texas  to  Ky,..l(l8 
Cat  tie-guards, railroads 

to  make 212 

Caiichois,  ,rac<ines 15 


destroyed  by  torna 


Cheuuweth.Col.Jas. 

Q 203,600 

Chenoweth,  Maj.,134, 13S 


Carroll,  Dorothy 196 

Carroll,  John 

Carroll,  J.  W 246/" 

Carroll,  Gen...31il,311,31 1 


Cecil,  Coib 
Celina,  bn 


Cheste 
ChkikJ.'i 
Chickaii 


rebel,  in  Morgan  colOfi  i 


Carson,  James... 
Carson,  Robert . 


ningof...,.!: 
of  soldiers 

U.S.  gOT- 

t i; 

2<6<; 


icago.Ill 1,-, 


Carter,  Thomas... 
Carter,Wash.,kill 
Carter,William... 

Cartniell.  Nat 

Cartwright,  Rev. 


nbers.  Dr.  A. 

119,  1.37,371 

Chambers,  Benj.  S....60; 


Chambers,  W.  W 24fip 


bill  toeular£e,lost.; 
bill  to  complete  eas 

side  of. 202 

removal  of. 22" 

removal  of  agitated23 
fire-proof  offices,  ap- 

Capitol  square 5 

Carboniferons  form- 


^,  Thomas... 

Ed.  D.!y.V.!'.V. 
Sen.  Lewis...* 

laV^Ben.'.. ...'.'.! 

'h^Geo''!.".!:::: 

y's  creek. 

t,  Rev'.F!'R.'.'43i.43.'> 


Lieut.  Go 


Carii 

'joi',°n'"(i.".'9i'l! , 

210,211.  2H.216,221,246,ft 
246(.  3M.  .364 

Carlisle,  John  M 246a; 

Carlisle.  Robert  M...13; 


Gates.  Richard.. 


193 


Ky..fir 


Carmine.  Peter. 


Cattle,  imported  or 
e  of.  near  Lexing- 


hape/,e,  ben 369.  4>2 

napman.  Rev.  George 

T 439.  43« 

bapman.  Julia  D.....')64 
hiirges  d'Atraires....3.'>8 
haritins.  public,  ex- 
pense of. 221,  237 

Charles,  Thomas,  mis- 
sionary  491 

Charleston,  S.  C,  Nat. 

'. 83 

uspend  spe- 

Charleston,  estab- 
lished  21 

Chase.  Salmon  P..49.  4S2 
Chase.  Camp,  disloyal 


false  imprisonment 
Chattanooga  &  LouTt 


ilton.  Thos.3.')l,369,.')40 

It  Louisville zi 

linn.  Mr .w 

linn.  Richard  H ISO 


Bowling  G 
Columbia, 
Covin 


173 

•en. ..246,1 

2461 

-    , 2464 

Eli7,abetbtown,.246i, 

2468 

Franklin 246,<,  24^' 

Grayson 246« 

LaKrange...,246,s.  246i 

Lancaster 246( 

Lebanon 246i 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


takeaway 101,131 

difficulty 

reBtoratiouof 131 

Urowii. 

Claiborije,Uuv...310.  311 

an  editor 

(;laimant  Law,  tLc 24 

in  N.y... 

Claims,  Ky.,  against 

captnie,  i 

funiplime 

Claim  ageucy  for  Ky., 
established 131 

Clapp,Levi -im, 

letler'of.: 

Clakk  CulllUy...23,24,3-., 

riay.Cleme 

2!l,.32,-«,)3,i;,;.3,-,.'.,.-.r.. 

Clay.  Eliza 

statue  of.  in  Kich- 


Plimetit  to.' '.M 

works  of.  ordered  loi 

cuiinter  with 

Library It 

Senate  refuses  to 

er"cf.::".';,.v;.;.7,'.T2o 

buy  bust ....20 

and  Uaveiss.  intel- 

ClemeutC..Jr..I36 

Eliza  U.,  death 

lectual  cc.n,bat....29 

and  Jackson .32 

Mis'.'l'orter,''"  , 

and  Polk :%: 

hirth-place  bnrueU2i 

Eyllk^erFV.V.'.'.'.'.'.m 

Clay,  Cul.  Ueury,Jr.5 

Chiucliill,  Lien 


3'; 


i  Geuet....23,  277 
^  'C.'.'.76 


s  relief  law 
institutionaUI9 
efore  Legisla- 


cted  govern 
k.Capt.  J  as 


,  Beverly  L....351. 


duel  with  lJaudolph32 

leceptiou  in  Ky 32 

oppositioii  to 32 


Clay,  Thos.  II„ 

Clay'  testimoi 
society  of  M 


Clay,  Camp  . 
Clay,  Fort.... 
Clayvillage.s 
|Claypool,J.. 


at  Dayton.  0 

public  (linufv  to, 

Lexiugton 

resigne  as  seunti 


d. 40,42,520 


ster tSiCleveland.Jas.  H.. 

on  Jno.T.  Edgar...4T5  Cleveland,  J,  W 

first  portrait  of. 24l!CIevelaud,  Win 

coiMibd  for  Burr.. 


,  I  Cleveland. 


disavowal,  etc. 
John  (^.  Adams' 

unites  with  Episcopal 

church ru 

speech  on  tbelMexican 

1M9 '....' .". .■>'* 

and  J.Q.  AdamB....,'>S 

speaks  at  ii i^xiuetouei 
letlerou  thecnni- 

pronii.<e 62 

converses  with  Kos- 


partly  located.. 


Clarkson.  M  .  1' :M:', 

".■'m-r-il  vol  i-,uv    ' 

Clark.wn.  Phelie !< 

feltei'toThos.  ir 

Clary, Elisha 11 

lienton 

CLAvCounty.4:..tM,.',l,70, 

enk.2Vonj^byJ.J 

112,  11.'.,  173,  ISS 

Gen.'Klsmitirin'.'.'.llS 

speech  on 

salt  works  destroy- 

resolutions on  the 

ed 24! 

services  of.. ,..„.. 

Clay.  BrutusJ 68,121, 

""aiT""."....'.?.'.....* 

127,2ll6,3'-.l 

laying  the  corner- 

ciy,'Gen"cassins  M'..'i3l 

stone  of. 

57,62,66,330,358,302 

State  aid  to 

uton.DeWi 


..66  Cobnrn,  Judge  Jobn.354 

I     3r.9,  360, 367, 368, 368,509, 

..69 1     .'j(i9,  509 

,„7o|cochl 

rcsignatiou  of. 118 

,..77  Cochran,  James 246e 

...SZlCachrun,  Thomas...5, 12 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Cocke.  Wm.  A.. 
Cockrill,  Harris 
Codes  ofpriiutic 


Coffee-houses,  closed.HO 

Coffee,  Geo 311,312,313 

Coffey,  Ben.,  suicide.20,S 

Coffey,  Jesse 366 

Coffey,  John  W.  and 

Chris.jShot 128 

Coffey,  Reuben .9 

Coffey,  Jr.,  Shelby 337 

Cofliu,  Judge Chas.  D.74 
Coffnum.  Jacob 6 


(iold,  ex'treme....'.;.'.'.3 

Cold  Friday X 

Cold  and  heat,  tables 

of. 3! 

Cold  spells 3< 

Cold  weather,  1S72 22 

Coldwinds,action  of.3t 
Cold  Spring  precinct, 

election  in le 

Coldirori,  Mark 246 

Cole    Elizabeth 


Coleman.  J  oh  n  Z 21fi/" 

Coleman,  Uev.  J.  S....1S1 
Coleman    Nicholas 

,.2J6m,  351,  .ViO 


College— 


ta,  chartered.? 
.  established. .4 


Collins,  Wm 13 

Collins'  Fork .'its 

Collision  on  the  Ohio..r'.l 
Colored  [see  NEono]. 

Colston,  Harry  C 246/ 

Colston,  John 407 


H.  Morsan  at la 

:olu]nbus,  Ky.- 
atate  guards  ordered 


Confederate  troops 


abandoned  bvC.S.AUil 
occupied  by  IJ.S.A..,1(II 
gun-boats  and  troops 


Combs,  John 9 

Combs,  Gen.  Leslie.. ..38. 
41,.'M,S4,3ll.3,364,'37il,370 

Combs'  ferry,  skir- 
mish  120 

Comet,  Hallev'a,  1835.111 


Hendersoi 

Loids'viHe' 

ed 

Marshall,. 


Westminster 

Colleges,  president; 

from  Kv 

Collett,  Elizabeth.. 
Collier,  B.G 24V 


Collins,  DeWittC 246? 

246r 

Collins,  Dillard 513 

Collins,  Elijah 13 

Collins,  Rev.  John 452 

Collins,  Josiah .5,13 

Collins, Rev. Jo5iah...l98 

Hi's"toryo'f'Ky.''by.'!j2n 

resolution  on  death 

of 203 

Collins,  Richai'd 9 


..2<I6,  297 
19S 


to  revise  the  laws. ..-70 

state  board  of 91 

Committee  on  federal 
relations,  report. ..9U 

Union  state  central. 

address  of. S7 

Coninionwealth,  Bank 

of  the 29.  30 

Commonwealth,  suit 

authorized  against 


Confederacy,  Ky. 

panies  for  the.... 

Confederate  forces 


iiSon 


'.. 15 

of  Ky.inOeor- 


unpardoned  can  't 

hold  ofBce 172 

'onference,  first  M.  E 

in  Ky 446 

Ky.  colored 193 

'onference  of  Bell  and 


CondseatioD  actuncou 

stitutional 11 

Conliscatiou  of  prop- 


officers  of.from  Ky 

old.  refers  admise 

of  Ky.  to  new 


n  the  Mays. and  Lex. 

turnpike 36 

xtra  session  of. 42 


Congressmen,  list  of.351 

Kpecial  election 46 

Congressional  library, 


Conn,  Samuel.. 


I  oniiy,  D.  V 246/^ 

Conolly,  Dr.  John 22 

Conrad,  Thilip 12 

Conscript  law,  Confetl- 

erate.in  Ky .150 

Conscription,  Gen. 
Biagg's  order  .or...l IT 

Constant,  John 13 

Constitution,  U.  S.— 
unpopular  m  Ky....26P 

when  ratified 401 

adopted  byVirginia.21 
amendments  to...26,  87 
Constitution  of  Ky.- 
the first  adopted .23,401 
franiers  of  .3>j,  356,  .-V* 

its  features. 271 

revision  of 21,  25 

the  second,  rormed.25, 
286 
convention  to  re- 
vise  .....42,  43,  52 

of  1850. .'.'.'.".'."3.32 

the  third,  vote  on.fio 
first  election  un- 
der  61 

proposition  to  re- 
vise  19>P 

Contested  elections. ..227 


Contnne,  Thomas 623 

Convention  at  Danville, 
on  separation  from 
Virginia- 
first,  260;  second,  261; 
third, 261;  fourth,  262; 
fifth,  266;  sixth,  268; 
seventh,  269;  eighth. 
271 ;   ninth   and   last, 


.nauRt,  17S5..3.55 
787  and  17SS..355 

itheConstitn- 


qnestion  passed. 


Ky'l'iSer 


Opposition 
Dem!"N°itV, 


border  state,  dele- 
Frankfort.! 91 

peace,  at  Frankfort  93 
states'  rights,  at 

Frankfort 93 

sovereignty,  in  Ky...97 
Deni.  state,  arrested. 


Border  Sta 
dom,"1.^6 


delegalic 

1864.^ 

appellate, 
fort,  1664 


e"Free- 

13 

ml  tTuiou 


bem. 


fort,  18.57 78 

of  fi«hprinen,lS66...167 
state  farmers'.  1866.167 


N.  Am.  Beekeep- 
ers'  24611 

colored  state  educa- 
tional, 1869 197 

colored  educatioiml. 


of  colored  r 

1873 

Conventional 


,  Miles  W 355 


Cook,  Burton 
Cook,  David.. 
Cook,  Gilman 


Cook.Bev.Vdlentiii 

Cooke,  Daniel  P 

Cooke,  Dr.  John 

Esten 

Cooke,  Lyttleton.. 
Cooke,  N ,,  bauisliec 
Cooke.  R.E.,  bau- 

ihhed, 

Cool,  Win 


^ 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Cooley,  James 

Couiney,'  \V,n'.".V.'.'. 
Cooiiits,  .Mia.  \Vi 

Caoua.lWni 

CooptM-,  c'ul.-li 

Cooper,  John  E..., 
Cooper,  Joseph  E, 
Cfoper,  Layton... 
<Jooper,  Sr.,  Levir 

Cooper,  Mary 

" "  pt..esciipe.l26 


Coopei'.  W 
Copeland.  H 
Copelin,  Ben 


Covbley,  John 
Cord,  Zaccheu 
Corder,  Benj. 
Cordy,  James. 
Corwiu,  Jlose! 


,  3.'.S,  3:>%  360, 361 


Corn  Island  Statioi 
Cornstalk,  dnef..3Sl,3S9 
Corporations,  law  c  "    " 
Correspondence  tie 
tween  Brainlette 
^  Burbridge U1 

Corydon,  ftlorgau  a 


493 


onrt  of  Appeals 

decisions  of. 

new,  organized 31 

abolished X 

excitement  about  31 
32.33 

jurisdiction «< 

reporter  of. 49i 


circuit,  established 2S6 
district,  abolished..2a6 

Old  und  New 321 

New  organized 322 

suspension  of. 91 

discontinuance  of..l.')4 
pay  for  6jnrynien..l95 


ovington,  Jas.  C....24ti/ 
ovington,  Bobert. 
ovington,  Ky- 

established !!!!! 

incorporated  as  c 
population,  184.'?,. 
population,  lfi46.. 
population,  lSo3.. 


population,  1873  . 


bridge  to  Newport, 
aids lou.  and  Cov. 

lightedwithsas."!.' 
cathedral  church  a 
Methodist  revival  i 

boy^ki/led'in!!!.'.".'.'."! 

ferry  at 

recorder's  office  at.. 


Cozad,  Benj 

Crab  Orchard- 
hotel  burned 

Crable,John 

Crabtree.Isaac 

Craddock,GeiirgeVV.. 
214.  227,350,  371 

Craddock,  Col.  J.  J. 
Wl 

Craddock,  Col.  Wm. 
B 

Craddock,    Bobt., 


lig.  Rev.  E:ijah....4l 
17,417,  ,116,  fil2 

..3J4,3S6,: 


elected  D.  S.  sen- 
resignation '....!.67 

elected  governor 57 

message ....59 

eulogy  on  H.  ciayiilefi 
dinner  to,  in  N.y....H6 
elected  I'.s!  se'niVtor69 

fort .' 70 

indiffnation  against  72 
dmuer'to,  iii'ver-''"''* 

before  theseuate 

moves SI 

opposes  secession ,^4 


Craig.  John  H. 


,  Parkers  *  ( 

Robert 

lead.  Rev  .Thomas 


Ky.  legislature  asks 
President  for  in- 
vestigatiMgcourtl29 

honorably  acquit- 
ted  131 

State  ticasnier 167 

rittenrleii 

rittenden 


.  T..350 


Luchry's,  fight  at....20 


defeated  at 1 

Peter,  skirmish  at. 1 
Red  Bird,  snrprise 

SaltLick!'.'."".'.'.'.'.'..'.'."., 

Jrenshaw,  Judge  Ben 

Blills .62,77,3 

7resselius,  Noah 1 

l-rews,  David 354,  s 

.'riniinal  prosecution 
165,  179 


,  IMaj.  George 
0 
of  Fort 


Courier.     Lou 


OoiiriVr- 


ofguar 
general 


Harrods- 

"flr8't"iirKy!2 
and  general. 


Jovingtou  and  Lex 
ingtonlK.C.iR.I 
M.  Bowler's  heirs 


..99,  346,  363,  4 


blished.:; 


may  cliangeelection 

precincts Ji; 

witness  fee  iucreas- 


,.9l     '^ 


Crutcher.  Kev.  iMr..216 

Crutchfield.  John 

Cuba,  Kentiickiaus  inf 

rebellion  in 241 

Culbertson,  Capt,  W. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


CnlliertsoM,  IIo?.,  n..527 
Clllloi.i,U-ii.  Urn.. 

chill k-nguil  hy  J.  B. 

Claj 79 

Culhini,  Alviii SSI 


iiiiK8.  Dudley., 
his,  Edward... 
lings,  Rev.Geo 


Ciinninsham,  W.I!. ...97 
Curd.  Bob 24fic 

Curd;E'd\vard.";!!i;.'.'.';366 

Curd,  John .i<2 

Curiosity,  reiu:irlYaljleS4 


theological  seuiin 


Tribune,  small 

of 

Coufederale  ra 


moves  against  Aar 


death  of 26,  299 

sw.Md.if 8 

Daveiss,  Sanri..2J6it,  .'ii 

Davenp.nt,  A 

David.Rev.  J.H.i11...4t 
Davidge,  Judge  Rezin 

H 32,  .li,  322,  « 

Davidson,  Ale.\ 3; 

Davidson,  E.  M I: 

David.son,  Lieut.  Geo..i 
Davidson,  Dr.  H.  A...1 

Davidson,  J.  W 24li/ 

Davidson,  Jos.  T..,....52; 
Davidson,  Col.  Jas..32,r 

Davidson,  Jos.  M 2S 

Davidson,  Rev.  R..47,'1E 

Daviess  County ....»,  T, 

7:"i,  79,80,  112. 118,  l.',; 

I39,HS,l.52,I6o,lG6,i; 


'ard....246n      home  guards 131 

thew..246i!|     R.  B.  debt .21 

:iil 117 1  Daviess,  James  H ;')2' 

1771  Daviess,  Larue .24l« 

11^.  U...165I  Daviess,    St.,  Theo. 
9jl     H 2J6s,  246.7 


resolntion  on  Jas. 

Buchanan 117 

resolution  to  expel, 13li 


■-elected  seuat* 


ships  ; 
Dailey,  I 


Dayi.s.  Rirhar 

DaWs.KobeVt 
Davis,  Samuel 
Davis,  Samuel 


Davis,  Wm... 

Davis,  Wui.  J 246/i 

Davis,  Wm.  M 1«0 

Davison,  Kdw.  L 2ir,a 

Davison,  guerrilla 1.'.6 

Dawson,  A 246/ 

Daw.son,  C.  H 24iie 

Dawson,  Col.  Jas.  A...69, 

l.sl,  21.'),  217,217,222,2461 

Dawson,  J.  E 246/ 


Dempsey,  Thomas 166 

Deinossville,  females 

rrested  at 123 

Denlu 


Rev.  Henry 

m 440 

Denuison,  Gov.  \Vm.62, 

Deuman.M..  and  others 
found  Losanleville.,22 
Dent,  Gen.  Henry— 

ehal 105,  116 


Prest.   Buchan 


Day,  lieliecca 
Day,  Willian 
Dayton,  Col.. 


Denny,  Elijah 
Dent  and  J'ag 
Dental  Associ 


i)epredatioijs,_ludi! 


Dekf  and^i 

210 
education  of  t 
marriage  of..  . 

Dean,  Julia 

Dearborn,  Gen... 


Debates,  celebr 
DeBoisrondet, 
Debruler,  John 
Debt,  imprisom 


wV'w;;:;;!: 


79I  Deslia,  Capt.  Jo6vph...R.'» 

I2I     duel  of. 170 

eut  by24 1  Desha.  Gen.  Lucius..l(j6, 

.Tfi  197,  .167 

tion...63      arrest  of. 1(15 

railroad      memorial  of. 109 

43       exonerated 120 

ited..482      suit  agaiust  dis- 

'■r lo|        mi.ssed 129 

61  Desha,  Itobert 11 

■int         Desha,  Mr 405 

..29,36  Deshazer,  Henry 8 

D'EsPiigne.  Peter 7 

do.l4,!>09 


Franlc- 


De  Ton 


DeConrcy.Wni.... 
Decree,  iprn  fiiclo.it&.iM  [ 
Dedman,  Capt.  Gus...97, 


Devil's  creek,  skirmish 


Javis,  Gen.  Jeff.  C...163, 
1711,  171,173 
shoots  Gen.  Nel- 


Davis,  Jesse , 

21   Davis,  John 

2-.S  Davis,  John 

t 20 1  Davis,  John  G 

..21,22,iDavi3,  John  H 

I  Davis,  .Joseph 

It 29  Davis,  Joseph  E.... 

3S:  Davis,  Joseph  W.ie 

59;  Davis,  Nancy 


Indian  council  r 


Dellart, 
Dellarl, 
DeHavei 


Dehivva 
I  Delawa 

t  radii 

'ell,  \V 
_ielph,c  __    _  .      .__ 
Delphiu,  burned., 
Deuiocracy 

Democratit 


S-II.S,  Chas.,  in  the 

it 47 

ens,  Jo:-epb 6 

,_.      ?iis.  Col.  TI10S....205 
Dirkerson.  Solomon. ...8 

Dirkey,  James  E 131 

"     ■  -y,  John  Jl lt)7 

Dickey,  Jlilus  \V 41 

Dickey,  liol)( 
Dickin,  John 
Dickinson,  A 


.12 


Dickson,  tapt. 

Bates 

Dick's  river  visited 


Samuel..  438 
137, 182 


legisliiti've 
national  1 


'illard.  Rev.  Ryland 

T a-.,  507 

'ills,  John  narman- 
iudi!;natiou     against 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Dills,  John  Harma 
Dills/TlVonmT'M"::: 


Ditzler,  Rev. 


Ii.1,fi4,fii.„ 


Doan,  Julin 
Doan.  Youi 
Dobyiis,  Kc 
Doctor,  fiis 


Imttleof... 

Ky.  legim 

Duniplian,  < 

at  Bracito 


Josepli...l2:,lii: 
Dooley,  James.. 


Duke,  N.  Wil 
Duke,  O.  B.. 
Dnke,  Tholua 
Duke,  Wni..  I 
Dulanev,  Dr. 


Eaele  rreek,  guerrilla 
I'jiol  iin 135 

e"  .K-; .'  A  u  "t  ViV  ■iV.V.'.V.sa 


l■ll^l,•^•llT3•i7   Eaete 

"Uiiiis 7   Eastei 

I.lilann.u2n3  EaBte; 

my <i(l  Eastii 

r. 2(1(1  Ka«li] 

A IS"]  Eastii 

" 112  East  I 

briel .-,      eil... 

llietl 3S].   E.istu 


nl 

ve:sia,.uVo:\v:::: 

3l 

ye.  1 

.  C 

rlies 

ueat  Booiies- 

ul 

ClKT 

'Houu::::::::::: 

Di 

V 

Uev.AmOro 

I 

1,'S 

e,of. 

Di  illey 

Col.Ariiliiose 

Dudley 

Di 

djey 

of 

.iley' 
cilej 

'uiiain'V...  .. 
Geu.  James. 

Dudley,  Col.J.W. ., 
Dudley,  Jeplitliali  .. 
Dudley.  Gen.  Peter.. 

.'.I.  91,  IMil 
Dudley.  Mr«.  Gen, 

Dudley  ."iieV.  "it'.  Ji"! 


302.  301 
Dudley.  Jlrs.Wi 
Duelliug.oatliai 


Doran, 
Doss.  \ 
Dough. 


DraSiu.Joba 


ay  and  Ha 
it)ulHeail 


Dl"lilan"'('ol'.'l' 
Dunklin,  Daniel 
Duntap.  James.. 
Dunlap.  Geo.  \V. 


Dupont,  tnd.,  Jlorsa 
DnQuesne  invades 
Dnrh'in""JKev.'joilVr 


Eildlenia 
E.ldyvill. 

EdiTlna'ii 


Durham, 
3,'i2,  r,:ii , 
Durham's 


E^^lli-io' 


..13       lea 

ID.ivi 

.16  Dllvi 


Ward  and  E.  C.  Mar-  | 

Haii'soii'aiiii  Duk'e!.'.'!wl 

Blajoraiid  Green 77 

J.B.ClayaiidOulloni.79 
t'asto  audJUetcalfclusI 


E< 

wards 

P.  H 

Sd 

wards 

Jud2 

ie 

river 

is 

glesto,,  Allc 

Eg 

inlon. 

■harl 

GENERAL  INDEX. 


Elder' 


Electioii- 
buttiDg  pro! 
cleiks.  diiti 
for  2(1  gover 


A.  M..4B> 
lOc 

iibited...7( 


sotdiei-s  may  vote, 

ISfi4 

military  coatrol, 


State  offlcert 
gressmeii. 


Elections,  popiilar....:B2 
Electur8,presidential3C7 
Elizabctbtowu- 

trialof  Ward 71 

murder  iii 74 

C.  S.  forces  at 91 

battle  of. 117 

Confederate  raidoiil24 

guerrillas  attack...l36 
uildingsin 194 


Elkhorn  rreok. 


liming,  art  of....3s 


Emigration  to  Ky.. 

to  Falls  of  the  Ob 
of  girls  to  Ky 


Ellington,  David S 

Ellington,  J.  W 246/ 

Elliott  (:onntv..l9.'>,2a 
Elliott  &Goldsberry. 1721 

Elliott,  Alex r,, 

Elliott,  Rev.  E.D 10.-, 

Elliott,  Judge  John 

M ..67,97,3IG,3.'il.aM, 

3.13,  353 

Elliott,  Lieut 3H6 

Elliott,  Milfoi'd .3117 

Elliott,  Miy.W.  P....  12i; 

Ellison,  P.  M 213 

Ellis,  Jane 9 

Ellis,  Lean<ler 24(ie 


Ellswortli/0.  A..  Mor- 
gan'sTel.operator.  H(3, 

Emancipation- 


English  spy 2i 

English,  Oharles 1 

English,  James  E IS 

English,  Stevens 1 

English,  Thomas IS 

English,  W.S 7 

Engines,  Are,  iu  Mays- 
villeand  Washing- 


atLou 
Episcopal  chur( 


Estate,  real,  decline.. .99 

Esters,  Abram 6 

Estill  County .  I8,.5.5,l43, 

194,  19.5,  207,  21.i,  22.5 
Estill,  Capt.  James... 13, 
513,  514 

defeat  of. 20,254 

Estill,  Steve 246/ 

Ktherton,  Mrs 6 

Ethridge,  Emerson,  un- 
der guard Ifi2 


v;tnsville,  Henderson 
&  Nashville  R.  R....2n 

Eve,  Joseph 356,:wt 

Everett,  Edward 77 

t.Peter..I24, 


'8,  skin 


Ewing,  Baker.3fifi,4n7,.'in< 

Ewitig,  Judge  Ephraim 

M....40,4S,.^)5,  611,  61,31)9 


"faS.: 


Ewing,  Presley 67,3') 


Iwiug,  Reuben., 
:wing,  Robert... 

3fiS,  36S 

:wing,Thompsoi 


;  Ne«Orlean823 


French,  from  Ky...277, 
278,  279 

failure  of  the 24 

Explorations,early.l(i,lS 
Expluring,manner  of. IS 
Explosion  of— 
ferry-boat,  at  Louis- 


.  Johnston 56 


Ezell,  Balaam.. 


■air,  tiie  WorVd'a- 
Ky.contributions  to68 


Faith.  Wm, 
Falconer,  I 
Fallen  Tinil 


21,23,24,25,28,29,30,31, 
32, 33,34 ,3.),36,37,3S,39, 
40,41,43,45,46,47,48,49, 
.50,  51,53,.'>5,56,57,58,59, 
60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67, 
6S,  69,70,71,72,73,74,75, 
77,  7S,79,SO,Sl,»2,S4,S5, 
69,91,92,93,91,95,96,97, 
9S,  100, 11I2,103,104,108,- 
110,111,111,113,116,117, 
118,119,121,122,123,121, 


164,165,167,169,1 


FeaUierstone,  C'ol.W. 

S S5 

Federal  army,  number 

in  the 158 

tyranny 204 

Government,  disaffec- 
tion towards..276, 277 
Fee,Rev.John  G., driven 

from  Ky 81,82,  111 

Feeble  minded  children. 
Ky.  school  for  pu- 
pils  194 

appropriation  for..l94, 
201 

Fels.S 235 

Fence,  lawful 226 

Fejiinns,  arrest  or- 
dered  172 

Fenian  state  gociety.lS9 

Fentou.  Bart 12 

Fenwick,  Kev.  Bdw...488 
Ferguson,  Abraham....6 
Ferguson,  E.  Alex. ...209 
Ferguson.  It  C.S.  soldier, 
shot lis 


,  Joseph 452 


settlement  at. 
emig^rati'on'to. 


Falls  of  Salt  river 546 

Falls  of  Tug  fork .547 

Falls  pilot,  office 24 

widen  the  channel. ..76 

Falmouth,  town  of.... .21 

pension  bridge  at(i'> 


Famine,  threatened. ..71 1     expluMnn  ut  a 36 

Farnam,  Rev.  J.  E...18I  |  Fever.braiu.in  C.S.A122 

Farmers'  Lilirary 26  Fevers,  sickn 

Farmers'  state  conveli-|     '  " 

Farms, sale of....I!""l56  PickJiu',  Orlandoi 
Faro  banks,  keepers         Ficklin,  post?naster..oi 
rested., .j 162  Fiddler,  Capt.  James 


Farrell, Sultana  S...246i 


Farris,  Moses.. 


'Field,  Abti 
..107  Field,  A. H 
8 1  Field,  Ben 


..59'Excis    law  odions 


I  M.3fi9 
.3.58,361 
.356,369 


Faubnsh,  Johi 
Faudre,  Vacln 
Faulkner,Gen 


.John..479!    in  Kj., 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Finances  of  Ky 
Fines,  disposiil 
Findlay,  Johu- 


riley,  Hupli  F.. 
jley,  Maj.  Jot 
iiley,  liev.  Joh 


l^^n. 


calls  for  80ldiers-...12i 

Finnell,  N.  L - 

Fire,  the  storm  of. 
state  house  burnt 
in  Washington,  1825.32 


destroyed 

24fid 

brest,  lu  Ky...256 


educational  appropri' 

ation 51! 

election  for  judges..520 


flood  in  OhioriTi 

fort 18,511 

fortified  station "'" 

fulling  mill 

gas  works 

geological  survey., 

governor JQ, 
ogs 

horse  races 

house,  brick 

house,  fine 

house'inCincinnat 

increase  salaries... 
insurance  company  516 


lieutenant-gover- 


locomotive 

at  Frankfort., 


McAdamized  roud..62, 


major-general.. 


:  lodge.. .-jie 


newspaper  in  Cincin- 

night  watchman. ...511 

noggins bi^ 

Oddfellow's  lodge...51i 

packet  boat ......51* 


celel.iMliou .ia 

pardon                 '      '515 

census SI.'! 

peacii  etones".!;::;;.':5i3 

chickens 514 

penitentiary 514 

cllliair.i;iMcin.i;iti..22 

Christian  imuKv-  ^ 

k?ejer!.;::::;;;s;s;'5|j 

chu?us;;:::::::::":::;::.M'4 

pension 51,-i 

Philadelphia  goods. .39 

clergyman 515 

physician 515 

CO    egiate  institu- 

practiciug  515 

tion ',17 

piano 25,  518 

coufe.lerate    sol- 

plough :.5I4 

rtiers , .....228 

preaching 515 

Presbyterian  ser- 

mon  .51.5 

corn.'slH-lluiL;....;.:;:'/,!:! 

court,  at  ILirroJa-'" 

public  pdnte'r.':":::::5iis 

I'Ulg 19 

pumpkins 51.1 

dancing  school 51fi 

auarterniaster-gen- 

death  of  governor..5Hl 

eral 50.S 

divorce  law 26,  51S 

railroad 516 

drouth :m6 

accident 40,  526 

ducks 514 

register  laud  ofBce..50,S 

dueliug,  indictment 

for 520 

retaliation .'.'.'.'~i\9 

editors- convention520 

road 511,514 

Fitch,  Judge  Collins.SlS 

Fitch,  Joshua  B 18S 

"■■    ?era!d, James 107 

.^      henry,  Wm 137 

Fitzhugh,  Denuis 438 

Fitzpatrick,  lieuj 84 

Fitzpatrick,  James 8 

Flack,  James y 

Flagof  Pizarro 52 


Bilk  factory 


..520 

raw 520 

skirmish.. .511 

slave,  fugitive 519 

spinning  wheel 514 

stage  route 514 

state  house 509,  519 

steamboat..        "'    "^ 


vilie 


home-guards  defeat- 


superintendent  of 
public  Instruc- 
tion  520 

surgical  operationsMS 

survey 513 

suspension  bridge..520 


Fleming,  Wm 20 

Fleniingsburg— 
cholera  in 38,  40 


atermetons  and 


,vhite  pel 
>awKy. 


worship,  plai 
ish,  act  conci 
Fish,  Hamilto 


Fishback,  Rev.  Ja3...492 

Fisher,  Eljsha 

Fisher,  John 


Fisher,  Kev.Thos.  J. 


false  charges  ma 


Gen.  Morgan  at 

Fletcher,  Thomas...., 

Fletcher,  W.  C : 

Flinn,  Capt 

Flinn,  George 


great,  m  the  Obio....2S 
greatest  in  theOhio.37 
great,  in  the  Missis- 
sippi and  branches49 
in  Cumberland  and 

great,  in  Ky.  "river8!56 
great,  in  the  Ohio....56 
heavy,  in  Licking, 


Floods,  river 396 

Florence.skirmish  atI12 
Flour,  price  of,  1,855....74 

Flournoy.  David 543 

Flouruoy,  Judge  G. 

A 106, 107 

Flovd  County..42, 45,  70, 
94,95,98,101,117,146,153 

fight  in 117 


Floyd,  John 
Floyd,  Gov. 
Floyd,  Col. 


complimentary  : 


jlected  speaker..l09 


d,  Robt.,  property 
nfiscated..... 141 

ce,  i>eter..'.....'.'.'...'.'..,.7 

Ford,  Joseph 8 

Ford,  Harbin  H 613 

Ford,  Laura  C 613 

Ford,  Samuel  H.. 346, 353 

Ford,  Sarah 9 

Ford,  Wm 6 

Ford,  Zach Si6g 

Foreigners  tovote....241 
Forest,  Mr.,  shot 147 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Foniuin,H.-v.E?.i- 

Foninui,  Wm 

FonnliHls.  P 

Forrest,  Gieeii.... 
Forrest,  Gen.N.l 
Forrester,  Georc; 
Forrester,  Saiiiiii 
Forsyth,  Capt.... 
Forsyth,  .lohn... 


165,167,172,176,  ISU.IVfi, 
21ll,2l)fi,2M,213,211,21a, 
216,220,221,222,224,227, 


legislature. ...61 


Garrard,  Capt.  Wn 
Gairctt',  Rev!  Lewii 


Garth,  Lewis., 


..99,  101   Frank 
eof...2ill     ingt. 

■>(i, Frank 

t 2,!f  Frank 


eked.. 


Moigs,  second  sieffc. 
Nelson,  situation,.... 

Recovery,  attack 

Fortifications,  an- 

Fortman,  Henry 

Fosdick,  Thomas  R...rp 

Fosdic 

Fosse, 

Foste 


Gaines,  Wni.  i' 

Gaither.Dr'.Na 
366,  369,  .■571,. i 
Gaither,  Nat., 


iJuliu 


,  Th< 


Freenia8onry,sketch.521 

"     er,  Solomon 6 

aze,  Milton  J 97 

ight  blockade 24.'> 

nch,  Mrs « 

nch.  Miss  Retta..ls9 

nch,  .lames 353 

French,  Ricliard.351, 369 

French,  Sr.,Wni 9 

French  expedition,  fail- 
ure.....  24 

emissaries  in  Ky....27S 
Frenchtown,  battle 

of. 27,300 

Keutuckians  killed 

at 303 

Freshet,  great,  in  the 

Ohio  river 1.57 

Fresliets,disa8trous.22», 

.T.I6 
'Friends  of  Human- 
ity " 419 

Fritz.  C 246<i 

Fii/.ell,  Nathan 6 

Froman.  Jaroh...355,357 
Frost,  Micajah 7 


Gallowav,  .lohn 12 

Galloway,  Wni 12 

Gallup,  Col.Gei..\V...129 
at  Half  Mountain. 133 
Gait  House,  at  Lonis- 


G.-inible,  Hamilton 
Gamblin,  Joshua.. 
Gambling,  laws....: 


Jow-iial  suspended.. 
Morgan's  force  at.. 

Georgia.  Ky.  ^oIfii^M■.- 


ajlorvisi: 
L-ott  and  1 

d'Fi'limo'r 


Gen.  Bragg  at 345 

Commnnwpallk  estah- 
lislied,37  ;  suspends. 


Fry.Geu.  Cary  H.53,243, 
Fry,  Jam' 


Fuller, 
Fuller, 
Fuller; 


ridge,  1.56 

22-1 

ablished. 


,  Paris  &  Ei( 
aid  for 21i 

I. ..42 


3 1.32 

Gardner,  A.  11 527 

Gililioiis  ,1  "l 

16,  .510 

Gardner,  J.  McLean. ..49 

Gibbons'. 'z'acl'i'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 

.....M^:  479 

Garilner,  Capt.  P.  H....5,-. 
Gardner.  t;ol M 

Gibbs.om :.:::::. 

Gibson,  Elisha 

liSmiih^i 

Gardonm,  non....21,2(i4, 

Gibson,  George 9, 

Gibson,  G.F.!! .2 

Garfleld,  Gen.9S,  lOO.ini 

r !i',i 

:;ar(ieId.-,Selucius361,367 

Gib.iouiCol.lia'n.'.'.'.'.'.' 

Gibson,  John 6. 

■.■■Si'.'.'.V...79 

larnett!  Larkin..;:::;:iii7 

jarnelt.  Thomas  T...160 

Gibson;  Tho'ma's'w!;.'. 

ebV.'.V.V.'ffl^^ 

Garnettsville.Gen.Mor- 

Gibson, Wni.,  bung... 

llyn....246e 

Gibson,  Wni.  H.,neg 

ty^....5'i,.59. 

mail  agent 

Garrettsburg,  battle' 

Gilbert,  Charles 

{'93,199,210,1     near 116 

Gilbert,  Col.  L.  A.- 

GARRAim  County.ZS,  32, 

breaks  up  Dem.  sta 

1 .59           .■W,39,43,.53,.56.67,7n,S9, 

nded 121           92,114,11,5,137,141,169 

course  condemiied.'. 

211           l»*,19,5,199,2ns,213 

Gilbert,  Jesse  C L" 

nn  school,   1     R.  R.  debt 211 

Gilbert,  Rev.  John.... 

D 

JJ!!!;"h<^!; 

GENERAL   INDEX. 


(ilasguw,  Moigivii  lit. 


Gleody,  Eev.  Dr.. 
Glenn,  .Andrew.. 

Gliun.John 

GlobeTn.suriiinf 


..211  Graham, Col.  yiiltotil 

,"hU  I  Griiliam,  Robert 1 

....!i6jGr!ihaiu,Tliouias 

s|Grauger,'Geii.  Gor-" 


s'S 


Goatty,  John 

Goddard.Joseph... 
Godsy.    iliss   Mary 

Gi5f£"r>a'iii"i !..'!!!!'.';.'. 

Goforth,  Jiidae  Wji 
Go^giii.  Lucieu  B... 

GojiiH,  .Tosepli 

Golladay,  Jacol)  S.., 

19'.l,  204,  2.M,  .-iol 
GoId,|.n.|]iiani..n- 


.isnlcrant,  J..\l«x....:ii:i,  216 

......il  Grant,  JamnsT 

,..L'2|Grant,  E.liniind 


arms  for 
bounty  t 


Lip,  ChrUtopher.9, 
:j5n,35l,.'iS4,355,3.')7. 

,:;i«s,.'i(js,.'x)>i,.w9, 6)3 ! 


Fonlionrv.:.;: 

Un 

Gi-wnwdT 

.iriiiii 

Fort  Doiieison 

Greenwoo; 

,  .M,l.. 

Shil.A 

Greenwoo. 

e surrenders  to 

Grega,Jac 

cted  president. 

oiiVr.;. 

'1.  ClarUs 

Greaon-ic 

-r„p..l.II.,,lue 

.  Gregory,  H 

diard 

n.^;:Tg:;:;: 

•?.f 

iGrey,l)en. 

Edwar 

l'.«C 

GWiieMIe 

_ry.92, 

Vji\""l!i/h% 

'■""' 

qr!;^,^'V.a 

jOriffllli 


l-illif 


.  A.,  c 


J)  Griffith!,,  „.. 

ored  lawye; 

..3on,jGlig9bv,  Aaron 2 

MJiigsby,  Benjamin.... 
...m:'  OiiKsL.y,  Col.  J.  War 
I,  ^■~'>       rcri 12li,  127,, 


pnblicbnrying,      in  Uoi 
fort 54  Hail»to 


7      R'.'k'.'Il'elit.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'."!.';.'.'2ll  iGriibb.s,  Higgason.. 
llGrayeou,  Alfred  WniITu'     355,  305, ;i67,  357,3« 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


..C(r,/"]Hart,  Capt.,  toma 


Ifurd,  guerrillas. 153 


,  Maj 1-.6 

,  Uapt 3lfi 

,  Col 13 


Hamilton.  R.  U 20i; 

Hnmler.  H.-tirv f 

Hamlin,  HamiUon...371 


vliins,  Jolin..3j6,366, 

-vkins,  John 24f,lt 

vkilis,J.RuBsi.'ll..lS3, 

1 

vlfins, . T OS.  H.. 351,363 


MS,  K.  G .'.2; 

Ms.Tlios.T 21; 

ns.Mrs.Thos. 


'.  H 246e 

cni 7 

r..Jercmiab.6 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


,  Gen.  Ben  Har- 

,..02.  2if,f.  3>i3 
.  Maj.  Ohiirles 


1  State  library 
"fKy.(Fedpral) 
i'oiight._ 170 


lleiiuL.Ti.  TlicMNiW  1"  1(17  Hite. 
Hern. Ion.  Col.  Wm.  H.     H.«ie 


Helm.  Rev. I 


HoPKiNst'ount> 
116,  llh,  153, 

SierrillaijiuU 
.R.debt 

Hopkins.  Brent 

Hopkill«,Jil3..^ 
Hopkins,  Hl;.ry 
Hopkins.  Gin..'' 
y,  L'7,  y.i'.i,  3  .:>, ; 
Hopkins,  Wui... 
Hopkins,  W.  r. 
Uopkinsville..J.'i 


large 
R.  It. 


Hend'cr.min  Conn 

«,  .S2. 

lOS.Ilii.ln 

141,144,14 

•m\ 

196  2(B,21k 

',m 

K.  R.debt 

explosion  1 

Federal  trc 

ops" 

guerrillas  it.  ..\ 

ll,  111 

fand-scben 
i>iB 

e  di- 

Hickey, Judge  T.  M..' 


Hor,,e.Bti 

for.... 

Feden. 


Apollo, 
74 


Henderson.  Rf 


lloke..lMd2C.W.  B^ 

I  llolden,  Josepli 

Holder,  Capt.Jjio.l 

I     defeat  of 2( 

I  Holder,  Rlioda 


23 

iisVniei02 


ay,  Maj.... 
av,  Liiut... 
reek,  fight 


..407 1      420,  1,-.;.  4I'..'. 
..41o|Hon,lon.  Nathan.. 
..IKil      3.-|fi 
..19.^  Houston,  (ien.  Snni 

...Ts  Hovey,"oen',.  le'viej 

...13      tax 

24li),' Howard,  Benjamin 


.  Dr.  John  F.21lis,l     farewell  l.'tlil 

.3r,2  IH.nkle.G.  II 

,  Patrick 3f.5,   HinUle,  John  1!.. 


,  Mr.  killed....l40]H|9le, 
,  Kictiolas.. 


elected  speaker  of 

senate 211 

I(.lr,  .lnseph..l57,35y,3'>0 


.^ijis'  Hooper,  \v'ml!....".....!l;!u»,  IlubbaVd,  iirV,' 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Huffhes, . 
Hughes, 


to,  by  Kv 


Hull.Oe.i.,  s„ 
Hiimb         ' 
Hiimn, 


Micll:iel. 
iiationeind'j 


Iniiepenil.ii.i.  ..l_Kv. 


mi.  Julin....iiil 

1  sa 

|;y,  Amirew  M 

xr, 

cif! Ill-),  liiV,  ir,5 

ly  &  Taylor... 

t.Cnpt.S.im-l 

olin.  21)4 .26.1,266 

2.SI 

266 

t'y  wTui'Eng-' 

2,Sl 

.16, 

l';;.2ll,2l,22,2.i,2^ 

'Si 

3.\.ifi.'37."3.S3<Jj'r 

4  3.H.4\4fi.47.Jh 

,.'?,; 

,Rev.Wni440,4 


!e.^  Col.  Geo. 
l.TO.un,!^,!.^, 


in,  IHH 

,  'Bdw'a'rd.'. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


^l!!'^:^:^. 


,  JoUd  T.33A'>2 
.  Madlaou  C..60, 


31)0,351, 352,36IJ 
nfTlKiln.^s.-.li^ 


.loiilaii.  Jobn 
Jurilau,  Jr.,  J 
.l.jldaii,  Miij... 


:;;;^dy. 


Dauiel  Booue  visit 

9hunu-rsco'ml'?o 
visited  by  Twettj.. 


first  subdii 
uewsofVi 


piMdcS M 

illllirill     l.ln     U       .     .  .      I.li 

Jol,..»to„,UeuigBW.36J. 

31^7,  .131 

Junki'ii"  liVv.  will'. 

Johii-ston,  JiidseG.W.. 

cmnniitsa  nei;io....l6l 

Johnston,  James 7 

Jolmstuu   James  C...t:js 

jnstic'e,  Ai'ny '..'.'.!...i. 

Jolit.ston,  Ge„.  Jos.  E., 

,^;;:;^f::;;:i^:^^i::::!^ 

K 

Johnston,  John ■13.s 

Kalfus.Dr. Henry  F.137, 

Johnston,  J.  C.piop- 

Kallendar,  Robert li 

Johnslon.JnilgeJosiah 

Kanawha  salt  monop- 

StoJdaia..36,3liU,36U,361 

oly 34 

517,  .'>39 

Kansas.  Crittenden's 

Johnston,  Col.  J.  Stnd. 

dai-d iw 

Ki"^"',',  lh"::;.'.":."..;:.!8i 

Jo"nstL?,RoU-'rtV.'.;''.":i 

•^inml^iali.^  or 21 

.oliet,  Lonis li 

.ones,  Abraham yj: 

siu'i'''m'lertoCiaVk'.25! 

mmi=s 

Kanlinann,  A.L 246« 

Kayanangh,Geo.W...63, 

163,  207,  366 

first  govern, 
first  legislat 


M.O .28 

march  of,  from 
N.  O ...28 

constitution  ....'....'.28 
Statutes  of,  to  1821...30 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


663 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


>,S3.122,I2-1,H0,1.')2.1 


■nee,  Wm.., 
•iiceburg— 


called  and  exlnis.a- 
sions.3",.i;,4-,,ss,,*,s' 
1115.  no,  X'.i,  :tii 

year.  p.  SI  to  24iii.] 
time  of  meelliia 
cha_ngcd...29,32,37,46 

ratio  of  rpprespn 


L.iytntj.  Win.  II. 


■iwl.  I,   h.M 


I,ee,.Iolin n 

Lee.  -loshna 7 

I.ee.  riiilip 07 

Lee,  Gi>n.  Robert  E., 

surrender  of 1,w 

iIiMth  of. ai7 

Lee,  Rev.  Sibis V,': 

Lee,  <M.  Thomas !.'• 

Lee,  Thomas  J 24lie 


rods 


)nrnalB  presented  to 
Ky.        Historical 
Society,  for  public 

inspection A' 

ieet.s  on  .S»»£/ov  nigh/. 


local  leeislation'.'.'.'! 
ballotings  forD.S. 


6.16r.,rtl.  7il.sl.tiK,I 
l.'.2.I7(i.1.«6.1W,221 
hankstoN.T 


in.  Oapt.J.  H...I7i 

Wni.  JI 2.">S,21 

,         t>^l.  M. 2<f,/- 

Loowvisay,  Louisa,  i 

Lesley,  Jmevh.Z".'.'.'.'.'. 

Leslie,  Preston  fl ; 

2i3,227,^-n,r.n..nM..i 


Joseph. ...3.'it.  3'i.s 


Lewis.  Thomas.. 


Democratic  Society23, 
display  of  stock, 
earthnuake.  IS.=i4. 


and  Panvjlle 
and  Louisvill 
,      pike 


Libraries  bun. 

Library  Assoc! 

Lcxinston.... 

I     Gen.  11.  Blari 


appiopnat 

Washington. 

Licensing  liqu 


In 'fed  burned KiS 

In  idge  burned 12: 

Licks,  llpper  Bine,  ftghl 


Licking  river- 
coal  from  the!.'! 


Licking,  r 

ien'on  si 
Lieulenan 


Presb.  Gen 

bly 

rol.Menini 


■rual  school  at 7fi 

cn-er.estaldished  3fi 
nd  Kii.  B^or/n:.M 


iib-carboniferous..3i5 


...IT  Lo.Tn.Bouj.imiu  F..,36l 
'SvL^lui,  lorccd  from  citi- 


GENERAL   INDEX. 

Louisvillo,            170,  IS!) 
s:ul  iinulent 73 


know  iiotbing  I 
Lii  FuyeVte'atV 


UaiikulKy.ia.,.....^,-!'' 
biUik,silu»eJ .'.'.'.Z4fii( 


MiiUJsoij  i. 
M'i'isi.nic  i' 


V, 

(■» 

it 

U.'iii 

w 

7t"' ' 

II 

Lie 

II..2JI« 


Liiiigfcll. 
Longueil 


Bte-iliibont  Ltiiilt 2S 

^■»)i  siispeiulc'il 227 

Gen.  Taylor  visits.'...M 

new  theiiter 2J6o 

tobacco 1 19.  220.  24IW7 

inaiiiifactoricsof.122 
Phil.  Tomppcit, 

niiiyor l.'iS 

tornado  at 24(V 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


•led.!,  Tiloa IL'  bell 

iiS!,JinJge\Vm.V.74,  McCiimpbell,  Jii 


i!dil'upt:;;:; 

jIl.bi-.Ephr 


;y.'.352i'k9, 

sE.3;2,373 
1  tIll.).35S, 


Luddirigtttn,  31.  J 2 

Ludlow,  Gen.  Morgan 


MfCIiirt,v,J..s.  IC. 

'M?riltsk!^y',  j"w'.'.; 


M.  K 

i:iny,  James .'. 

.McMil 

en,  J;,iiV,:s 

...n.Joliii 12 

Jlc.Mil 

nth,  Tlioniii9...213 

-McMil 

!!!:  IiI'.'j'l' 

oy,J.iniea .'. 

F 

wHiii,  James 12 

McJln 

-McK. 

ddeu.Jolin 13 

.MeNen 

e,  ,l'.,nies: 

JIcKi 

,land,Rev.Jno4SS 

McNei 

.  Alehiba 

JIcFi 

rland,Jol,nS...370 

McNei 

ar.  Key.  E 

JlcFe 

nan.  Gen.  John 

McGarvey,  John 
McGary  family  . 
McGary,  Maj.Hi 


:«.  243,  2HI'.A-,346,3i0,363, 

03.3.53,3*6 

ichine,  sewing,  ex- 


McCluie.Kev.  . 
Mc'clure,  Nath.- 


McHenry,  John  H...127, 

_     .  .^•.2,  367 
McHeniy,  Col.  John 


vi.t.-s  railroad  aid. 

R.R.  debt 

Lyon,  Gliitteudeu.,, 

540  _ 

Lyon,  Gen.  HylanB.Ion, 

Lyon,  M'attli'ew..352,361, 
369 

Lyon,  Samuel 12 

Lyon,  Sidney  S....37S,5:;(i 
Lyons,  Wm ...7 


McCormick,  Jo 
srcCormiclc,  W. 
McColm,  James 


iladdox,  Robei- 


21,2.S23,.",2..-H, 
61,53,5.%.%..^, 
69,  70,77,fil,S2. 


213,222.224 
trouble  will 


excitement  in.... 

R.R.  debt 

^ladison,  Bisboj\. 


Madison,  Pres.  Jas.J 
405,  503,  519 
visits  Louisville ,... 
letter  vindicating  J 


McAfee,  George 17 

McAfee,James 17 

McAfee,  Capt.JohnJ.6llO 
McAfee.  Mrs.  Nelly 


McAllister,  Gen.  .\...174 

McAlister,  Dan 

McAllister,  Sr„  Dai 


speaker  of  house. ,.221 
246( 

McCreery,  Capt.  Deciu 
McCreery.Tliomn«c  in. 

T].S.'»-.r,t    ,,         ,-. 

duab'i'iit'y"biii.;i:;;;;..2i 

Mcculloch,  Maj.  Ben.: 
McCulIough,  Samuel 


McKee',  Samuel!! 
l\IcKee,Sanui.l.l 


E.  R.debt 

Maffet,  Robert 

Magee.John 


Magnolia,  expl"!^ion  of 

tenmer 1S.< 

lacco  carried  by, 185 


GENERAL   INDEX, 
r        y  ir       n  I  I  r 


667 


iitecl  iis  city37 

11  at .'.7 

An  fioiii  Phil- 


iipon 127,  134 


&  Lexington  R. 


Mil 

Mkade  ( 
12.'.,  i:b 

I  ntfiitlow< 
MeBiis,  l 
I  Meiiiis,  , 

Wf(tic|il 


tone,  flecision...35 
;,Sinith,  hanging 


:;.,7  .Mei]ilec,.)t.scph., 

..ll'l  Menifee,  Wni 

.82,  Menifee,  Wni 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Mercer  County- 
votes,  railroad  s 
competes  for  set 

Blerchaudise,  tra 


ilill,  paper. 


ler,  Abraham 

ler,  (Jliristopher, 


..23!Mitcliell,Thoma 


jMobatUinciniiati... 
I  Mobs,  property  de- 
j     stroyed  by 


;,  Rev.  Wright 
.  Stephen 


■•dl.2i::iMiiiiday,  lienben 


Message  of  gover 
221 
manuscript  of... 


36.'>.  3«i 
Miller,  Col.  Joli 
!r,  Rev.  Jo 


villidrawal 

Mooie,  Sarah 

»ie,Tb„». 


,  Andrew. 186,409 

,  Benj,J 

,  Capt.  Ben 


Sletcalfe,  Gen.  Tlioiuas 

3J0,  3,^1,  352,  370, 

duel 


s.....'.3'.r,w 

3)ll,3.iu,3'.i 


Been  at  Louisville.. .23ti 
ehoweis  of,  1833 ; 

Methodii^t  fcpiscopai 

sketch  of. 4i 

colored  conference2lti 
Methodist  B.  Chuich 

South •151 

Qiturtmitj  lieniew... 


s,  Col.  David  A. 1 

r,  .Teremiah 

ralogical  survey 


meeting  0f.216M,2Jf.i7 

Meyer,  Dr.  J.  M 177 

Miami  River,  Big 2ll 

Michig'an,  loss 298 


guerrillas  in 154 

Milam,  Capt.  Ben,  C...53 
Mileage  and  per  c(fcm  _ 


Min 


vful  t 


give  liiinor  t 
Minyard,  Rich 


i 2l"'26 

Missiointry  Ridge, 

jissiniway,  battle 

2 

dssippi  Central 

R 24f 

lisbippi  Kiver.  the. I 


d  liv  treaty2S2 
of  Muter, 
and  others. 264 


Mistake,  laughable, 

ajndge 246/'  1 

chell,  A.,1 137 


,  David  J  5 
milita'i'y- 


3  for  iinpnre2n2 


Mitchell.  Gen. Rob' 

B.,at  I'erryville.... 

Mitchell,  :<aniuel  L 


Moou,  voyag( 
Moore,  Eliza 
Moore,  Geo. 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


""ftmit'ch!! 


,  Lyc.irgii 

.■ui;iv.iv;;.". 


Morgan  s  Station, 

Moiganiieid.'battie 

skirmish  at 

CoufedGi'ates  at... 

Morgantown,   8kir 


d,  ill  Ky., 
!  ol,  foi'"' 


fatal  ai 
Mt.  Veri 


)n,flr<!»t.. 


K."R.''.l?m.f 


pt-nd"- 


Slorloui  Gov.'O.'P.SsilS; 


Mosliy,  .Tosepli 
Mosbv,  Kf.ljeit 
Mosby,  W 


,  Gabriel 8 

,  Joshua 7 

en  in  cave8...35S, 


nn,  A.G....'...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 
nscll,  Dr.  Luke.... 


Murdausb.Mr.. 


Miirdocli,  Edward.. 


.Judge  Felix 

21fia 

.  G.  D 


Navigable  strea 
nprovenient 


Needhain.Tii 
Ncely,  Thos.. 

Negro  [81     ' 


farm  bands, liiring.Ue 
enlistments,  Ky. 

exempt 12S 

in  Ky.,fcirbidden.l.3(l 
protest  against...l31 
attempt  to  con- 
script  132 

volunleering \3i 

regiments  organized 

1.%,  l.Tl> 
recruiting  excite- 


taxable  property  of 

174,1% 
to  be  taxed  as  whites 

homestead  exemptio 


killed  by  "regula- 

bnng  bv  mob  at 
Frankfort 


'  2^.2.':,3l'.3,",l2.«,52.'.'>.i; 
6li,liO,fil.i;h,!i9.103,ll2, 


,  Phil 24(i/' 


m .ii  Murray, 

Luis  de .W.ilMurray. 

•s  Ky 14  Murray, 


Moscow,  fire  at.. 

Moselle,  steambi 

explosion  of..... 


Moss,  S.  H 

Mott,  H.  E 24 

Mott,  Oapt 1 

Mott,  Col!  S.  R 1 

Moultrie,  Fort 84, 

Mound-builders,  the 


IIurray,Wm.4(l7,50S,516, 

524.  :ar, 
on  the  Spanish  in- 
trigue  .21 

opposes  States'  riglil 

llurrell,  Sam...3W,3B8,3<i!) 


of,  from  _Ky.. 
soldiers. 


"Ancient  Governor' 


admitted  by  judges 


R.  It.  debt., 
Nelson,  Key. 
Nelson,  Isaa( 


at  Richmond,  Ky. 

on  discipline 

shot  by  Gen.  Davit 


Neutrality,  proclam 

tion  of. 

of  Ky.,  violated 

abandoned  by  Ky„, 


Newcum,  Jor 
veil,  HuEl 
vHampshi 
.  >  Democra 

New  Haven, 


New  Liberty,  fl 


made  lawful ; 

Negroes,  schools  for., 
free,  property  of. 


pendent  govern- 


670 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


'toii.Snmuel  R...360 


at'.  " 

No.t'h 

iitt.r,  M 1 

111.  Reuben 

;"de-"" 

Nlirlll' 

-ork..fKv.rJve 
Siidd'let'o'vnr 

...^..311<1 

NnrtVi' 

Nnl'lh. 

%,3t» 

p?jliyHV.'.".':".2 

Soith- 

west,  army  of.. 

ofhostilities.... 

Nor'ttrn 

,  Elijah  H 3 

'.'.'.'.'.hi 

Noito. 

,  (ieiiree i 

Noitor 

,  George  W 

Norton 

GeorSeW 1 

Noftoi] 

.James 

Noiton 

,  Rev.  John  .N. 

"il" 

167,  236.  440,444 

Noitoi 

,  Ml                ?t 

Norvel 

John             3 

Notes. 

small.  >lleB.I 

::.'.'.'.\M 

^:;:f,''g 

s,  Pouiicy        1 

Chase.... 
moiieyieli 
guerrillas 

lead  ore  ill 


ts'.'.'.'.'.H  I  Oweusboro.i.'a 
r  .''3  I  negro  farm  1 
•'i6 7fi      dash  upon.... 

•-. '^       largi-nieilj.. 


ict...63,0.ik  nil 
rimed"'!oa'l!ian, 


Elijah  F  ... 
O 


Worlil.  Buriwide  ex- 
cludes the IS 

Niagara  Palls,  Itev.  J. 

A.  McCluugat s 

Nickell,  J.  J., executed 


7!),.«9.'Jt. 102,122.123,1 28 


,  Morgai 


.,.*Mu,  B.  D.... 

Noble,  John  C 201,213 

Noble.  C"i.  S..  letter      ' 
Noble.  Thomas  H 


for  edu""to 

teachers', injii 

OscarTuriier 

Oaths,  acts  reql 

repealed 


■  tiuctiuiis,  lS2y.....35j        distances ii34 

deriugon  Ky 56'Owings,  Thos.  Uye...l79, 

asured 64,  221 1     SS.'i 

linationof. 67iOwine«ville,fire8at.l32, 

ligation  of. 67         2J66 

(.nlrolled  by  U.S.9SI     guerrillas  at....l2«,  149 
lit  above  gulf-  lOwsLEV  County. ...70,  79, 

■vi-r 221       133,195 

islature  desires,        Owsley, Bl-yan  Y,^52.  370 
icked  and  dammed,  Owsley,  Gov.  Wni-.i'i.  .'il. 


llTull,  Rev.  James... 44-. 
Odd  Fellows' G.  L...24fi,) 
Odd-Fellowship,  sketch 


]    improvements. 

I  distances 
bridges 
high  and  low  w 
valley,  tornadi 

alone 83'        soldier 

lOhio,  reply  of  the  Gov.  |    death  of 
-*■•-"—  Magoffi  n69      ■- " 


an  "old  < 

and  the  oi 
elected  gc 


....31,33 
irt...320 
or49,327 


fi,  mammoth. ..55,6 


death  by  citizens  for    Oil.  i  o 

murder 194  I     char 

Oden,   Wm.,  shot    to     IGil  wi- 


Slate,  go< 

)ffi?eV*p"ubl 
Jal.urn.  lU 
Ogdeu.Rev 
Ogdc-n,  JIaj 
Ogilvie,  Kil 

d'.ylJe: 


O'Hara. 

sketch 


23  Old  Ladies'  Home 

LW,  l.'i4]01dlady,  an 

r's         low  people 

love....\3       74,7r.,!12.n9,l2.3.ie 


.  Mordecai 361 

,  Richard 6 

;  sopi'ita  H.':::.":;;7i 


R^'.Td'e' 
NaTitm'a 


R 

Page.  Dr 


•  Onondaga,  Lake.. 


..20  Paint  Lick. 


t  flood,  US32...37 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Putt  Jol  I  ( 

Ip  tt  *>  ME 
,Pcle  ug  llos  N 
I     211 

I  P    I  ptt  J  f s  C 

P      e  t    »o      T 

P      ett  D  flu     r 
|p          t^Tl        I 

P       c  Co  I 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


s SW 


Preslii/ttriait,     True, 


Qiiniitiill.  Kuerrilla..l54 

.7f.'Qi.;,rks,  El;/..-,l.,-tli .9 

y.i-iilcs.Tiinbt,ill...J32, 


Pop.-',  N 
Poiw,  i'l 
Pope.  W  I 


,.I.T.;Kure-paths.  fli 
.ISii'Raocs,  Miijsvil 
..lir,  Riider,  Alex 


Porter,  Samuel.. 


Portlaiidcanji!.: 
Portsm..inli,Gu 
Port  WilJiim 


1.1 

o(.\37 


Presbyteries,  forma- 


rBev'."bavi'd"c.  I 

,  Joseph fi 

,  Larkin  J..24fijj, 

,  Nicholas 131 


;  Fraiikfort36 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Bailro.id- 


i;;;;^i'^:'..: 


nohfii't'oKnoxvii 
intciidr  Ky.  to  Cu 

Kyfl'et''.  ci'Soi 
liiwoffieiElitB.... 

K)-.,  C.  Gap&S 

Ivy.  &  at.  E....22S.  5 
Lex.  <t  Big  Sandy, 


.ink,  Geo.  W 200 

.od,  Cul.  W.  S fix,  69 

.odiilt.  Ciipt.  C.  L.aitW 
ii.lall.  Judge  Will,  H. 
L'7,lM,li;a,176,2H,a52 
iidolph,  Beveiiy....,-!M 
.ndulpli,  Kdliniiid..36.^ 
ii.lolpli,.loliii,duel..32 
iikin,  Rev.  Adaui.«7, 

I'lkin,  James  E.ISI.I.H; 
iikiii,  Kev.  Jolin...J.'.; 
likili,Kobert.,3-,5,  a.')? 

Haiiiiell'n,  ftev,"saniuo'i 
4.i7,  4r.l,  4112 

R.iiiner,  Urb 12 

Haii«oii,Oeii.Kobert4li 

Jill,  Gen  . lir. 

law  mudilied.. 


i;.  i-d.  nr.  E.  B 

Ut'Od.'Itev.  .lamest 

Keed,  Josepli 

Keed,  Oscar  E 246/ 

Ueed,  Thouias  B 3(  ' 

Reed,  Wni.  V 350,3 

Rees,  Capt ^'i 

Reese,  Judge,  of  Telift) 
Reese,  M Me 


Refmiued  Episcopal 

Ohmcli 24( 

Refugees  ordered  froii 

„Ky „ i: 

Beglnieut,  Clark's, 

present  to ; 

Col.  Silas  Adams'...!; 
Kegjments.  Ky.,  in 

at  Fort  Donelson.'.'.ii 

all  full u 

gallantry  of. li 


ReKil,i™ts,i 
Infau': 


Keginieiits,  Ki 
2d  Infantry.. 


hang  L.  Hicks, 
proclamation., 
troops  raised  d 


Reid,  John  W 

Reid,  VVm.  Tebbs... 
Reily.  John 


Relic,  notable 71 

rand  anti-relief 
;citement.29,3l'),l!)4 


iisdestroyedliri 

.on  Br i: 

in.  &CI1...IO.4 


stoVic"'^ 

[S...&>i4,  3.V> 


Paducali  &  Meni...24ly 

I'enn.  Central :>2.f 

I'itt.s.,  W.  A  Ky...24i;i 
liidi.AThreeKork.s22<  1 


Fayctt.M 
McLeaii  , 


Shelby  co 19; 

Taylor  co 

Todd  CO 

Washington  co. 


ire  and  freight 17 

polling  ticket  office 
1,S7,  210 


d  soldiers, 
s  opinion  c 
Rebel  synipath 


B..84,ll'J,i; 
■8.  Polly., 
■Feder^ 


property  seized,., 
money  refunded  t 
order  against 

!n''we»tei°nK'y".'.'.' 
concerning 136 

Rebellion,  property 
destroyed  during...! 

Record,  instruments 

Recorder   Baptist,  su  p- 
uiting"in"Ky.'.'.'."!l 


102,12.1,142, 
144,15(1 
12s,  149 


Reniiie,  Col....312,3 
Ren 


Renon,  meteorologist  S4 

Replevin 19, 3iy,  4y,'i 

Report,  adj. -general's, 

1S61 SB,  100,  131 

auditor's,  1S6I 100 

Reports,  Court  of  Ap- 
peals  49,S,  499 

Iteportei;   Kentucky 3:1 

'    ■       ■   ",  H<2S,  1632, 


138,138,139, 
129,'l.'!9 


airy, ,96,99, 102 
122,123,123 
126,139,113 


U.S ,rd 

Ky.,  in  1792 3.'i6 

Republican  Stale  con- 
in  IS72 ■.'."■.'.■.'.■.■.!:;;:'.227 

Kcsacadela  Pal  ma. 

Resolution  legisla-'  " 

tiire 93 

Resolutions,  Virginia, 

H».25,2i5i4n'l 


126,129,1.32, 
116,12fi,i 


Ky.,nfl79 
of  I6.'i9 .....:j.i 

to  expel  C.S.  troops  S 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


.repeal  of  part..  1 


threatened , 

Revenue  of  Stat€ 
time  of  pitying, 

fromfith  Ky;dist;;:2H 

officers,  judpnients.226 

BiirplnsU.S 

Revill,  Riinkiil  R...S(i, 
Eeviviil,  great. .2.'),  32, 
of  1S01...25.  417,  429,  ■<.'i2 

remiirkable,  1858 Sr 

among  colored  peo- 
ple  liK 

Revolution,  French, 

how  regarded 271 

age  of  startling,  not 

passed 2Sf 

Revolutionary  soldier-s 
in  Ky.,  living  in 


Reynolds,  Gov.  .Tohn, 

Rhea,  W.  H ,24M 

Ehinehart.  B.  F 


Rice,  Rev.  .fohn....S, 

Rice,  Rev.. lohTi  H.,  li 

brary  and  fnrnitnri 


Riley,  Thomas  W 71, 


Bipley,  Charles 86,  87 

Ritchey.  Esau 8 

Ritter,  Burwell  0....163, 

tH'.l.  180,  352,  371 


Robin 


RoWi    

Robinson,  Gov.  Junie: 
F...160,176,:i 

becomes  govern 

at  Washington. 

message  of. 

proclamation  .„. 


Bice,  John  M .. 


debate  on  slavi 
Rice,  Mrs.  N.  L.. 


loclis  rented... 
North   Fork, 


IS  I     l(j3, 121 


24M,  24(ir,  466,  472 
returus  from  Cana- 


BowAN  County...l24, 128, 

132,217 
Rowan,  Judge  John. .25, 
90,  36,  24iia,319..1.'in,.v.l, 
352,356,360,366,463,482, 
4%,  498.  .026,  .539,  .554 

Rowan,  Jr.,  John 35ft 

Rowan,  Wm ll 

Rowell,  Frank 24../- 

Rowling,  Georee 4ii7 

Boyal  Saxon  l)and...24i.i 

Royalty.  John 6 

Royce,  Solomon 5 


Red,  Federal  dcfeatlw 
Salt,  stockade  t 


Biihardson,  J 407 

Richardson,  John  C.360 
Richardson,  Bobert..89, 

124,5(17 
Richardson,  Wm.  A.358, 


Ud 246* 


ts,  G 

Roberts,  JameA 407 

J.  J...246p 


Richards,  A.  Keeae.. 

174,622 

Richards,  Lewis 

Richmimd,  Ky— 

CoLMemminger.... 

cholera  in,  1S49 

R.  R.  convention... 


Bolwrts, 
Roberts, 
r.246(i  I  Roberts,  Lewis.... 
rril-  Roberts,  Naaman 
128  Roberts,  Philip. 


Roberts,  Sinclair.... 

I  Roberts,  Wm 

.9  Roberts,  Lieut 

Robertson  County.. 


neof  H.Clay 83 


Riddle.  Wm 

Riile,  remarkable.. 
Ridffely,  Com.  Dan 


Rob' 

ncnn    Rflir  ^*' '■''"' i\miaie,  isaac. 
„   ,.  ...  I  Ruddle's  8tati(...... 

Robinson,  W  m.  E .525     destroyed 2 

Uol.in6on,\V.L.,shot.l4S|Ene,  Mai.  Geo.  W 
Roiinson,Mi-..killed.2.37RnmBey,  Edward. 
Robinson,  Dick,  camp,  I     3.52,  370 

_  federal  troopsat 92;  Riimsev.  Jr..  Jam 

fight  uea 


Rock 


i.ty..70,i 


,  Cha 


!  hung       JRusk,  George 


th,Richard..534 


Rockcastle  Hills,  i 

fight  at ' 

Rockcastle  river , 

Rockhold,  Thomn8.....367 

Rockhold,  fight  at....l23|Russell,  Thomas  A...'.' 

Rodes,  Robert .354  Rnesell,  Col.  Wm 

Rodes,  Col.  Wm.,  golden      .3.56,  365.  366 

wedding  of.      m'.  Russell,  Col.  William 

Rodman,  Dr.  Hugli..224^     H 241 

Rodman,  John.. J81,  2I3,;Rus»eirs,  difficulty.... 

Rodnlph,' race-horse.. .41 1        in '...". 

Rocbling,,Iohn  A 197i     Masonic  hall  in '.: 

Rofr,  Lieut. Peterson. 14!!  Gov.  Bnatbitt  bnrif 

Rogel-s,  Col.  David 2ri|         at 

Rogers,  Edmund 9  soveieigiity  coiiven- 

Roeers,  George •)  tioii  nt 

RoBers,Georgp,hung.l9I  I 
Roger-    '■—    "  "    —  ' 


.o:: 


Rogers,  Elder  Join 

Rogers,  John  G 

Rogers,  John  T 

Rogers,  Dr.  Lewis. 

Rogers,  M 

Rogers,  Nathaniel. 
Rogers,  Warren.... 
Rogers,  Rev.  Wm., 

death  

Rogers,  Capt 

Rogers,  Lieu  t.,death.lI2 
Roland,  John,  doath.T- 


lighted  by  gas I'.v 

female  college 4.'^ 

Bust,  Harvey  M..97,  37 


137  Ryan,  Patrick 13 

I  Ryan,  Wm....52.5,  527,  528 

194  i  Rye,  high 246i 

S 
Sabbath,  bunting  on, 


tomanCatholicChur 
sketch  of. 

statistics.. 


Sadler,  Thomas... 
St.  Albans,  raid  t 


,  504JSt.  Charl 


Robertson,  G.  U.. 


Rothwell.  Mr 246i< 

Rough,  Peter 13 

Bough  creek 544 


light 

St.  John.  Gen.  I.  M.. 
St.  Joseph's  College.. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Sale  of  stock , 

Salem,  flght  at.'.'.'.'.'.' 

cholera  in,  lK3.'i... 

Salineville,  battle,. 

Sailing,  John I 


Turk's  Island.. 


Salt,  T.ick  creek 1 

Salt  river.. 17,  29,  233,  6( 

Salter,  Michael 

Saltsnian,  A Id 

Saltville,battles..U2,IJ 

Salyers.bnnn 

Salyersville,  skirmish 

at 12 

Sampson,  1 2Jtl 

Sampson,  Wni.,  chief  ' 


Samuel,  R 407 

Samuel,  Wm.  M .Ui 

San|uels,\Vm.T.152, 174, 

IS2,  221 

Sandefer,  Martha S 

Sanders,  George  N...136. 

16.i,  3.19 

Sanders,  Sr..  John 8 

Sanders,  Julius 12 

Sanders,  Lewis .'il 

Sanders,  Jr.,  Lewis. .3.in 
Sanders,  Nathaniel. ...t37 

Sanders,  Philemon '• 

Sanders,  Wm.  I> Sii.T 

Sanders,  Zachariah i' 

Sanford,  B.  P 24i»- 

Sandfoi  d,  Thos...3,i: 

Sandige,  Wm , 

Sandstone  formatit 

Waverly 

Sandusky,  Isaac  B. 
Sandusky,  Jacob.... 
Sandusky.  James... 
Sanduskv's  Station 
Sandy  Island,  baltl 

Sandy  river.  Little, 
San  Jacinto,  battle. 


10,  ,'1112,  .'5113,  504 

icts,'l"s9,"l87 
,  neslpct  of,... 


Socessi. 
_  Bnc'l'i'i' 
rigid", 


iiis^ts  in  Ky.,  ^ 
Rev.'jqlin.,.!427 


rp,  Solomon  P 3,12 


W4,li\137,13s,15,1, 


.,rs,  ('..hlVil, 
ney".  Win,','.';! 


(N.  Y. 


Satterwhil 
Saunders, 
Saunders,  Co].. 


Sawyer,  Capt,  H,  W, 
Saxe,  Col.  Pet.T. 


Schofield.  G, 
Schoolfield,  ( 
Schoolfield,  J 
Schooler,  Boi 
School  bonds 


astian.  Judge  Ben- 


.Seward.  Win,  H,, 


ibackk-tt.Thos.'C, con- 
released ',132 

Ihaler.  Dr.  Nathaniel 
B.,  suit  aeainst 124 

Ilialer.Prof.  N.S...24(l<i, 
24fi5 

;haMklin,^GeorgeS.„163, 

iliaTi'kim,"k.,ban- 


li.-l'ide'Vor  c'o'lie'ct 
illegal  fee  bill... 

iherman,  John 

Iherman,  Gen.  Wi 

T 13:!j  13 

stationed  in  Ivy,,, 


^}:;!;":;:^: 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Shippeii,Edwari 

Sliippiiigpurt.t. 


,A.  L.,ste 
■ipof. 


simck;M:;v;hi;;s 

Sliultz.fhiiMtia 
Shutts,  Di:i.liiii. 
Shyer,  D.  U 

:;;;;2 

■Vk 

in  Pendleton  cu f^ 

in  Henry  co 2! 

iilvertouth,  Geo.  W..2I 

ji".mnon9°,wVn.\V.'.'.Z'.'.V 

E.!.V>,'.12,.i4li,3.i2,:i.):i,3; 
challenged  l)y  Davis..' 


Simpson,  James,  chief 

jnsticc Ii2.  65,  SI,  4'JS 

Simpson,  John 7 

Simpson,  Johu....363,  463 

Simpson,  .Joseph 12 

Simpson,  VV.  G. 172 

Sinclair,  Alexander... .12 

Singleton,  O.  K 361 

Slnlleton,  R.  M 116 

Sinking  Fund- 
provisions  for 40 


rowed 
Sipple,  Joli 


in,JoeI.  murder  i;>- 
Slack,  Uol.  Jacob  A.....')! 
Mays.  &  Lex. R.K6^ 


i'ilj,35ll,.363,364,492.r)43 
irst  acting  r'ov..2.s,31 


SkiUman,  Mrs.Thon 

T 

Skin,  color  of. 

Skinner,  Isaac 

Skinner   W.H 2 

^  various.'.!...*,  96,  96,  9.5 
Barboursville 

Bardstown 

Bear  Wallow. 
Big  Hil 


'SS 


coon  ")  Johi 

death  of""!!!'.' 
;niilh,Kev.Jol 
-u.illi,  Capt.Ju 
iinltli.JohnSp 

;niith,'jon'aciM 


■  bjects [.Smith,  Lc 
■fc.'s?  Snlilll;  Mi 


report  on.  in  Pres. 

Gen.  Assembly 51 

debate  bet.  Kice  and 


Pres.'Lrnc 


Smiley,  Wm 1: 

Smith,  Ballard 53 

Smith,  Benjamin 1 

Smith,  Bishop  Benj.B. 


...246/1, 
1 181 


tional  school  t 


:(Siielliiig,  Key.  Be 


other  April  falls 

w?ift""v''i7sn": 


Smith,  Gen. E.Kirhy -347 


Smith,  riemine. 
Smith,  Fredeiicli 
Smith,  George..... 


Oto22in.,J 
1863 


1  4  feet,  J  a 

Snyder,  David'  1 


Smith,  Gen.  ( 
1114,  127,163, 
3.W,363 


169,352, 

KiJen.  Gustavus 
96,  237,  36; 


Smith,  Capt.  Ja 


Brboksville 

uiitaiii 


Canton! 
Clinch  1 


,  Lawreuce246a 


Clay  Testimonial., 
ciiniinon  school.... 
Historical,  of  Ky., 
State  Medical 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


legislative  teinper- 


Societii'8,  Den 
Soilowsky,  Ja 
Soils  of  Ky... 


reuiiioiis.216,ai7,221 

d  to  transport r,: 

iterred  at  Frankfort 


[isabled,  fund  for...I3l 
ick, persons  lovisitl  j4 
ick  and  wounded. 


SolltHS,  Mh 

Sorrell.Joli 


raid  on 

South  lliiioi 
property 


Spalir,  Audi 
staio.U.  S. 


Spaldin 
Spaldin 
Spaldin 

Spiildin 

Spaldin 

iMarti 

Spaldin 


..14 

pass  Pittelinrgli.. 

..14 

iiaviKate  the  Ohio 

..14 

Spanish  intrigues  ii 

^  Kentucky 22 

2S2 

Sparrow,' sihTs.?.:".'.:: 

!io7 

Speakers,  list  of. 

.363 

Spears,  Jacob 

..12 

Spears,  John,  death 

.167 

Speiie.'Ky.  pays  inte 

!:42 

Specie  payments,  «n 

pencled  and  resumed  1 

1S18 

suspended.    May, 

18:17 12 

32.'-. 

resumed,  Aui.,  183S..43 

suspended,  Oct., 

326 

KyVlVaViksVesum 

June,  1S12 

refuse  to  suspen<l. 

Oct.,  1S57 

Southern  banks  s 

pend,Oct.,isiin... 

TIjS.Jreas.  suspends,  1 

Kv.  banks  coii'tini 

e 

.Dec,  IS60 

pend.°..!'..'.".Z!'.".! 

'.91 

N.O.  banks  euspe  id.  I 

Sept.,l!ir,l 

.M 

many  Eastern  ba. 

..93 

Ky'lNurksrefuse't 

suspend 

?.93 

Eastern  banks  sus 

pend,  Dec,  ISCl.. 

1.98 

Ky.  banks  again  r 

..98 

Speek!jacob.".''.'.'.V.'.".: 

..12 

Speculation,  eager- 

ness for.,.-. 

32.'. 

Spee.I,  James .hC.,s 

121,172,  irii.!.-.?, aw 

'iA, 

SM,  3i4.  3.W 

Spee;i,JaM,e,S 7t 

Speed,  .losl.ua  F 1 

11.;) 

Speid,  Jhu.   riiilip... 

Ifu; 

<};!•!■!!;  5il'.'.".'.'.'.lv.v;.';;. 

:■> 

i;"i:'iiVt!':::!!! 

211 

■.     ii','M«;;"buVued_  1 

~|.i  1     ■,  .1, lines  C 

.352 

■ipiiiii;",  AlTeu's'.'ski 

L:'wer  mno-UiK 

'is; 

DJeji'iu/IoloVel---- 

.07 

nln'^ild'nu-grsaie 

'"' 

n'otiof  AVk.:::::::::: 

M 

Si'iuriieki'eli'coV.ui; 

?J 

,^'i'S'U;TemV:;]ii 

|;:^l 

Kail's  eiivalry  at.... 

purr,  nichard 

-.iirrier.Geo.W 

1711  S 

cy,  rapt 

Stagdale',  Sanri.'s'hot" 
St.ige  line,  Maysville 

Louisville 

Stagner,  Barney 

Stallion,  Scythian 

Stamper,  Rev.  Jona- 

Stauiper"'j.'.' 


Fleetwood,  Aist 

time .246?* 

Hornet,  capsized 37 

Lexington,  fast 


pt.  J.  A.H 
nlps'.'P.O.Tlegai' 


Stansberry,  Solomon. ..7 

diford,  Mr 62 

Standiford,  Dr.E.D.2a% 


jdiford,W.     .  _. 
sheriff  and  marshal 


246r,  a'.2,  370 
imprisonment  of.. ...97 
Stanton,  guerrillas... 1.34 
nwix,Fort,treatv.l6 

Stapleton,  John 12,  13 

Stapp,  Achilles 9 

Star  of  theWest,  steam- 
fired  upon 8.5 

ing,  Col.  Edmnnd 

142 

State  bonds,  Ky., 


to  l.uy,  repealed. ..2221: 
State  debt  of  ky 24ii«|i 


''ix:: 


Steele,  J 24«d 

Steele,  Richard.. .:i.'i4,  457 
Steele.  Muj.  Tlieopliil- 

us 120.127,  115,149 

Steele,  Jr.,  Thonias_...97 
Steele,  Wni 3;.,".,:i56, 


.Stephenson,  Fort,  1 

gallalit  defense.'.'.' 

Stepp,  Moses 

Sterrett,  John 

Stevens,  Gilbert 

Stevens,  Joseph  L.. 


Ros 


offlrers.  Ky 3.ili 

.t''a't'el!'th'irle.'n"origi'n- 
shiyr.'.'l'i'i'.'l'.'l'iii'g'.'i'ns'ti'tu- 


Stevenson,  Rev.Ed\v.455 

Stevenson,  James 7 

Stevenson,  Gov.  John 
W... .61, 70,181, 243,350, 
351,3.52,.364,367,370 


GENERAL   INDEX. 

Sufferings  of  Bragg's       iT.'i)bnt,.lohTi... 


,  shipped... 


i/^i^K'! 


,  Kev.  F.  W. 


idgeBelliiniy; 
rai'Ky : 


tieets  extended. .. 


iian,  Wni 
itt.Abii.li 
■.U,V.  D.. 


Sndduth,  Miij.Jas 
Sudduth,  William. 
Sudduth,  Wm.  L.. 


\plosioii....l& 


reiuforcements.. 
bombardment  of 
un,  circles  aroun 


Tarascoii. 
Tariffbin, 
Tarlton,  E 
Tarletoii,  ' 
Tarletoii. 


Tate.  James  W...l»l,2Jl 


Tax  on  bank  stock.. 


Superintendent  of  Pu 


.........36 

J!46 


iwigert,  Samuel  M...22! 
iwinglp,  George.... 
iwope,  Benedict.... 
;wope,  Samuel  F... 
fwurd,  a  historic. 


resbytenan.. 


Taylor,  Harrison.. 
161,364 
elected  speaker.. 


Taylor,  Jesse  S .215 

"iiylor,  John 416,  421 

aylor,  John  V...!£,367. 

sketch  of. 2i; 


a  second  time 17  • 


Tayl 
3. 
36^.3W. 


Richar'd,..y, 
,ai4,iii,:)."i;.,a*,3j7, 


Tax  on  conn 
for  railroat 


on  dogs 153 

poll : 151 

government 1.57 

income.ofl.ou..l.*5.1|i2 

increase,  defeated. ..186 

gress  memorialized 


K.  K 

Tax-payers,  delinqn 

226 

Taxes,  payment  of... 

nponwhatimposei 

lands  forfeited,  to 

sold 

"able 

wlien.«herifrto 

Taxable  property  i 

"'  .,  \mi-H 

y.,  IS73... 


1-  sold  for.. 


led'byi    , 
Taxation,  exempt 


one  propositio 
,  voted  on  at  f 

.  property  ex- 


,  Adam 

.  liartholo 


Edmund  H 9t 


thof.. 
Taylo'rsvMl' 
Teacher,  til 


Ky.  Associii 

2116,216 

institutes... 

Tebbs'  Bend, 

of. 

Tecuniseh,  ge 

conduct  a 

Meigs... 

killed  at  th 

SOS 

Telegraph,  il 


Temperani 
logislatii 


IVniplc 
of  ili 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Terrell,  Bichiird.354,  3;V1 
TerrHI.  l!icliiiion.l....a;6 
Terrell,  Uol.  Wm.G.^Mliw 


'-T^;S:iSi'. 


postponed 

iilU.wed  to  testify ...222 
Tovebaugh,  Frank....l97 

Tevis,  Joshua 91 

Texns- 
\Vilkinsoii'slandin.32 
annexation  of.....'.0,  327 
rangers,  fight  with.112 


Tlion 


Thomson 

John.... 

Thomson 


,  Thos.  S...,; 


HS,Dr.E.U.W.24Si 
as.  (Jol.  George 
■g,-in 2H,  216,  227, 


resVs'E'thri'dge."." 


Tli..miis,  John....3«,: 

Th IS,  John 

Thomas,  Gen.  John 
N.  0...2S  .TIlS,  313, 

Thomas,  John  J 

Thoniiis.  Gen.  L...  . 
Thomas,  Lewis  I''... 
Thomas,  Pliilemon 
Thomas,  Richard,. 


::^ 


Thompson.George  C.3 


lhoiiipsoii,Harrisoul<i9. 
Thompson,  Heni'y..„,'>H 

Tliompson,  Jacob Iti.^ 

Thomp.son,  James 20 

Thompson,  John  B.24li.s, 
24hH,o.".0,  351,  3j2,3dJ, 


Thompson,  Jr.,  Phil. 


OiTonlmin 

II       030,411.') 
STowies, 


Thompson,  Wm.  K...217, 

.TOi                                  iTortd,  Jr.,  Chas.S... 
Thorapsonj  Gen ...17!  Todd,  Harry  1 91 

...l'23| Todd',  Howard. ...18 
47fi!Todd,HughB 


fair,  in  Cincinnati. 

export  of. .'.!;.'.V.'.";ls3lTowiJs7'Henry.'j 

prodnction  of. llSlTuwIes,  Larkin  I 

prenjinnis,  in  Ky,..123l Towns,  Rncient..392,  31 

manufiictories 122  Towns  may  establish 

ie.if,  Ky.  opposes  tax  Istation  houses,  etc.2: 

ou ISOlTownsend,  E 246 

fair.  Slate,  at  Louis-    Trabue,  Isaac  H 2: 

ville IJl  Trabne,  Col.  liobt.P,!] 

annual  sal.-  of,  at         Trabue,  Stephen   V. 


at  Louisville,.22(l,  24(iQ 

sales  at  Paducah....22(l 

in  HopUin6ville..21Hf 

TradeVvater'ri'ver'biii  ' 

to  improve  fails 212 

Train,  U.  S.>v agon, cap- 
tured  115 

railroad,  attacked  by 

guerrillas 123,142 

on  0.  &  M.  E.  K. 

robbed 159 

Tramel,  Nicholas 12 

Tramel,  Philip 12 

Transylvania,  the  col- 


Tod  rl,C 
214, 


rhompson  f 


Rev.  Jas.. 


Todd 

Todd,  Col.  John 9,  19, 

20, 250, 256,  S55,366,31», 


.ol  Fayette C0....2I 

,..£5|Todd,JohnB.  S 362 

..45,  Toild,  Joseph ."^ 

Todd, Gen.  Levi.230,  256, 


Rev.W.M.476jTodd,Mi _._.    _ 

Thorn.  Robert 12  Todd,  Jndije  nobert...23, 

rrv,  Capt,M.l  17      .I'.J.  3.',:,.  356.  3,-.7,  366 

Samuel 21(W  Todd,  Samuel 6 

Thornton,Anthony.36i),  Totld.  Thomas,  chief 


dical  Hall  burned. 

>3 
Trant,  Christian S 

nail,  Capt 79 

Trapp,  Joseph  D .532 

Trappists,  the 25,  488 

-"       Fs,  Aithur :....7 

sou,  citizens  of  Ky. 

adieted  for 97, 102 

ri  Bourbon  col02,116 

II  Fayette  C0.1D2,  116 


Throckmorton.  Maj. 

is.  death  of. IS 

Thrnston,  Buckiier..351 

,360,366,405,406,50; 

Thiuston,  John  Buck- 


Iford,  Franklin 51 

Tilford,  John 492,  621 

Tilghman,Gen.Lloyd.92, 
3.39,  312,  363 

ivrender  of. 99 

Tilton,  James S 

-■'ton.  guerrillas  at. 144 

ilberlake,  Joseph 7 

iiberlake.  W.B.F.137 

omoiids,  George 7 

_    islev.  Rev.  Peter....515 

Tinsley.  Wm 407 

Tippecanoe,battle.L'i;,2'.w 


4!l.l,  .509,  :W,  525,  527,  i 

Todd,  ; 

Todd,  Capt.  Thomas.. 


Toebbe,  Bt.Rev./? 

Toll-gates,  use  of 

first  keeper  of.., 


Tombstones,  inju 
iTiimTlnTAsaV.i:!:!!! 


plier 3.52.  .370 

Tompkins,  D.  D..36K,  3B9 

Tompkins,  Pat.  \V .362 

Tompkinsville.fight.ins 
I      Confederate  raid. ...122 

Tomppcrt.Phil 86,(17, 

1.5S,  166,  213,  24fio 
mayor  Lonisville..,1.58 


first  ( 


rebellion,  act 
practic 


due  to,  by  U.  S.  gov- 


Fort  Klein 
;  Fort  Knoj 
ith  Spai 


1783.  broken.. 


,  Beverly 12 

le,  Lawrence  S.92, 
17,163,  169,180,181, 


Trimble.  Lieut 538 

rip,  very  quick 29 

Blaysville  to  Louis- 
ville  31 

to  Washington  City .31 

Louisville  and  N.  0.31 

Triplett.  George  W...213, 

346,  .3.^3 
Triplett,  Philip..352, 366, 
370,  370 

rial,  delaying lot 

Tribble,  Capt.  Alex. .117, 

Tribble,  Daniel 7 

Tribble,  Thomas 12 

,s:V Trigg.  D"n'iel,'.'.'.V....!:..;.9 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


>,  Judge  Jobn.31, 
'kV.,  tendered 


.  passing  int 


,  Geo.  J.,  duel.3S, 
,  James..354,  354, 


take 
first.... 
Maysv 


ille  &  Lexing- 


grade  uf  the ... 


State  aid  I 
bequest  tc 
Btude 


of  Louis-       1    of  Got.  Leslie,  6i 

eV."'."V.'!"""77 !  VestrcWge.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'. 

.'.25,  30,  31,  502,  Vicksb'urg,  Miss- 

t .2ii,  2'.M     duel  at 

..2»      C.  S.  prisoners  a 


ling  of. 3.'. 

■-organized ^li 

:t  concerning lUO 

jana,  O.,  Ky.  troop8_ 

;ma"iViV  of  Simon 
Kenton  removed. Ifi.'i 
ler,  llobert W 


Tnie  P}-esbi/lerlan 


Tucker,  Kev.  Sam'l..' 
Tucker,  Eev.  John, 
Tiukern'iai'i"  H.'t".'.'.'.! 


urtle  Creek,  show 

Turtle,  LittleVlViVi 

Tusk,  immense 

-       U.  S 

Tyger,  Michael 

Tyler,' ex-Pre8.JuoS6,3T0 

address  by 

Tyler,  Levi ...........j^j 

Tyler,  Marcus  ai.o2o.52.j 

Tyler,  Robert 12,13 

Tyrce,Murrell 20, 

Tyree,  Kole .....20i 

Twelve  Mile  island,  , 
capture  of  Morgan  8^^ 

TweU^,  Capt'.'Wml'8',.il  1 
Tw7man.E.B.J..183,3o9 


Jllman.Daniel- 
H.  Clay-s  letter  to 
presentation  addr< 


iwoo.l,  Francis 

rwood,  Geo 

rwood,  John  C 

Underwood,  Judge. 
Sfpli_R......3.'',S\4" 

aiiV,  36»,'3'70,lu>),4ii7, 


visits  H.  Clay .64 

Dnderwood,W.  L.91,3.W 
Underwood,  Jr.,  W.  L. 


:e  commission-   _  i 

rtterback,'GranVi'iie.«T 

Utterback,  Wm.S 46 

V 
Vallandigbam,  C.  L..13fi 

Vallandigham,  Benoui 

Viiilandigham,Jno..216i 
VaUandiBliani.U-wis...6 
Valenliue.Kev.  Kichard 


,T»1  Vinton,  Samuel  F. 
Tii;  Virginia-        ^  ^^ 


Vauarsdale,  C.  0 

Van  Buren,  Martin..369 

Vance,  Gov.,  of  Ohio     " 


)s  shipped 19S 

■.Sanford.shot.H 

V,  .\braham 20 

r,  Cyrus,  stabbeil 

r.  E M 

rlE.hvardW.iH 

','rVi'>'.idingL...360 


VTm.  R 

■n,  Samuel.. 

Abrahain.l2, 


Vanmeter,  B.F.......246I 

Vanmeter.B.  F.4A.2I: 

V .an  meter,  Isaac .3^ 

Vannieter,  Isaac  C...17 
Vanmeter.  John  M...21."> 
Uebecc 


present  of., 

addresses  t 

of,  by  Ky 


21 

tKy.21,22 


Ky.' 


..271 


commission  from 30 

legislator8,frqmKy365 

'''"e''s»''k.nofthe.'.'.!I.'.'20 
Vincent,  ThouiaB.........7 

Volunteers,  revolt  of 


call  for.. 
Voorhees, 

Voorhees, 
Voris,  Col 
Vorshall,  J 


es.Jei 


1  Winkle,  Jn 


meeting,  great,  S* 


:  Harrodsburg. 


udt,  John....48,*« 

lau.Johu " 

.  Rev.  George 
I,  Hubljard  V 
.Thomas  W. 
LU.  Edward  M..M2 

Vaugban.  T   ' 

"     ghn.  Hi 


Va 
Ve 

Velocil 

date  I 

Venabb 


,  Mrs.  llhodaol: 


Vote  of  Ky.,  presii 


by  Ky.  soldiers 13 

Voters,  total,  in  l?fi4.13 
Voters,  Qualified,  1».3 


Waddell,  Bev.JnoK.4 

Wade,  Kichard 

Waddington,John.;..2 
Wadsworth.Col.  Wm 
Henry...W,lU,I23,l 
3.i2,  m) 

at  Paris,  Kv 1 

near  Mt.  Sterling... 
election  of.. ■-.■.- 


liV^lija 


,Benja 


cholera 
cholera 

"t'ion 

5 

temi 

occ"np'ied"h.y"l- 

onfed 

diffi.iilt 

v'at'. 

vith 

GENERAL  INDEX. 


,  Aiiitrew......<-)i 

',  3M,  3.iV,'3l'l''.*'7! 

,  Jnslma I 

.  Geu.  Lewis 

',  L.A.I 2(r,c 


Warficlcl.Mr 
avfieM,  Eli 
:irlield.  Jr 


W^inuotli,  Si 
\Viinirf',"i>.'H 


Thus., 
di.siip- 

."■■ri'md- 


andpiiity.capHin 
WallMislord,  SI....... 

Walloiiia,  »lcinuisli..l3'.l 

Walls.  Ki-ii ben 

■Walsh,  George ...4117 

Walsli,  Patrick....ll)7,12^ 
Walters.  Bi.riiaby.-.....l; 
Walteis.Stepliensoli.Ml 

Walton,  J.  U ■■^"l 

Walton,  Gen.  Slatlhew 

3S2,  Ml,  3.'i<,  3.->4,  &5.'i,355, 
Walworth.K'l'ank  H246ft 
War  Ky.  Hoard  of.22,23 
War  »  ith  England 27 


Wells,  Littleberr 

Wells,  V.  M 

Wells,  Wni 


Wayne,Gen.Authony23, 
621 
at  Fallen  Timbers. .24, 

succeeds  St.  Clair...275 

wl.Tue'jameBS.'.;"';.'. 
Weapons,  concealed- 
law  of. 70,167 

Weather  rccord,"i« 

at  MaiYottii',  isis- 

changes  of 

full  or42'5'.  1S30.. 

102^',  Ang.,l!<34 

65"  above,  and  21) 
low  0,  in  Jan.,lS35.40 


West,  William.. 


Warwick,  tow 
Washani,  C'ha 
Washburn,  Bi 
Wasliburne,G 


and  NewEnelan 
sec'v  of.  action  of 
VarwithMexiro..., 
Ky.  companies  in 
speech  on,  by  H.  ' 

,v"a'r'!t"he"(MWi'.'inKy.'J6 
Crittenden's  resi 

appropriations  for.l"4 

public  buildings  d 
'^troyeddurins:..., 
Ks'.  Federal  soldii 


Ky.. 


79ri03,il7',  18I,m 

'..  debt 211 

ington, George 
1,  510,  5111,  523 


Washington,  Hem 
Washington,  town 


colde 


ipring,  1851.. 
22"  below  0,  Jan., 

1852 

103'',  June.  1S53....67, 

8S-,  Aprils,  l.'i54 

1112",  July,  1S54......... 

l.V  below  O.Jan.   56 
23belowl).Jan.'57..77 
fall  of  i)6",Nov.l859.81 
no  sun  for  9  days ;  45 

hours  in  1  month, 

Jan.,  1862 ..' 

19)4  ■  below  O.Jan.  1. 

1864 1 

intensely  hot,  186S.J 

iVeatiierfor'd,  Coi'.'J. 

W 142,  1 

Webb.  Ben.  J ■■■■■1 

- nes  W., 


in  Harrison's  cabin, 
by  H.Ulay'sadvict 

death  of. 

Webster,  Miss  Delia 


4.^6 

.'a- 

nkfort.290 


290 


British.!'.'. 

newspa 
Fran'   '     '  '■ 
elops  Burrs 

We'st  Li'lVertyV'skii 

mishes  at 

West  Point,  fight' 

W'estport,  guerril 

West"Unlon.O 

Wharton, Ool. Geo 
Wharton,  Gen.,  ai 

WhatcoatViiev.  Rich 

great 


133 


446,  452 
p  of...75 
Wheat,  Judge  Zacha- 


Whecdon,  Aniericu8.528 

Wheeler,  John 367 

ler,Gen.,G.S.A..lU 


.  Perry 107 

i  .;. 95 

t.v;  fall  or....332 


Ky. 


■  ille 47 

nati.  burned..37 
lid,  Peter 6 


Watson  ( 
Watti'Edward.. 


Wedding,  a  novel 7j 

golden 81 

Weiehts,  heavy .242 

Weill,  I)!  A 246) 

Weir,  Ed.  K 187 

Weisiger,  Daniel...26,  27, 

4117.407,537 
Welbourne,  Philan- 


Whipping,  pun 


Whiskey,  Bourl 
iiufacture 


destroyed  by  f 
produced  in  K 


Whitaker,  Ai 
Wliltaker,  Ac 
Whitaker,  J  u 


Jen,  Judge  Robert 

;!K'liEE::5|wa;;^:rM;:::::::: 

e   Thomas ^25  Watts,. lohn  » 

eliouse  receipts  W""'/ ^i'-i' 

aotiable :. 195lWaugh,L.S 


Co«ri^"Jo«^a!  Welch;  Rev.  Jaies.. 
..  on  Geo.  D.  Welch.  John.... 


resolution  of.... 9.'i 

Whitconib,  Gov.  James 

of  Indiana ,*,3o,\ 

359,360 

White,  Addison    M2 

White,  Andrew  t?  ..^..367 


.362  \VellB,  George  W 

.246^  Wells,  James 

...207  W'ella,  Joseph...., 


75  Wh 

6  Wh 

...246s   Wli 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


White,  Hugh  L.,  of        iWilkineon,  Gen.  Ja 

Tenii JO         21,K4,  3o.i,     -    ' 

White,  Jacob 


udge  JobD..332, 


tobac 


)  to  N.  O 

to  N.  0..Z',. 
1  privileges.. 


1 1  Wilson,  Kev.  Robert  G. 
fi'     362 
3  Wilson,  Rev.  Samuel  R, 
3       2JW,,  46i).  47(1,  477,  4S4 
3  Wilson,  Thomas 4,«8 


Wbiteley,Col.  L.  A. .76, 


Wilkinson,  Johr 
Will,  an  extensi 

Willitl,  John 216m 

Williams,  Abr 
Williams,  Dav 
Williams,  Elli 
Williams,  MiU 


Wiijcliester,  Richard.. 


death  of. 

R'illiams,  Jacol 
William.s,  Jame 


Wintb 

t  the  river  Kais 
nchester,  town 

Wind,  effect  of....".! 

Ohio .' 

ine  in  Bracken  c 
manufacture  of.. 


,T.  C 12 

„,  .Rumsey. 197,1")! 
Wiugate,  Henry. .52o,.'.2: 
"'■  '      'Ph Ill- 


'^^ 


1,  iuauiv 

,  Alex.  V 

,  Alice  S 

l.MHJ 


,  lis,  65,  ai,S7,' Williams, 
21,  121,  127,179, 1  Williams, 
3.V>,l-i2,:!59,3i;4, 1  Williams 


death  of 

Wickliffe,  Charles, 


Wickliffe,  Robert  K...6: 

Wicks,  George  W U 

Widows  and  orphans, 
property  set  apart 


Williams,  Rev.  Mr....m 

Williamsburg,  O 12f 

Tilliainson,  .loliu  B.241 
Williamson,  Rev.  Thos, 


lynching  i 
fire  at 


Willis,  John  W I~ 

Willis,  Wm.  li.,Uif;^^l 

niuKy liU 

Willis,  (;ol.Wm.T..'.3,474 
Willoughby,  Alex 7 


Wi. Cher,  guerrilla.. 

Wiled,  John 

Withers,  Thomas... 
\\  itherspoou,  John 


IWils 


ngtoii,  .Scott  C0.2J 

it,  Robert!!!'.'.'.'.'.'.356 

1,  Andrew .82 

,  Miss  Betty. .172 


liel 13 

iimy.li;,'i,169 
up,  flght 


Wilson,  Ed.. 
Wilsoi     - 
Wilso 
Wilsoi 

Wilson,  Harv 
Wilson,  Heui 
Wilaou.Henr: 


wiiK 


iNlkerson,  Judge 44,1 

nikes.  Elder  L.  B...2n2 


,  Rev.  Joshua  L, 

,  Lewis. .24fij,246!. 


Ife,  Natha 

»li,P7,9n,91 ,124,12; 

indignation  agaii 

Wolford,  Charles... 

Woirord,  Col.  Fran 


exciting  speech, 
difficulty  about, 
determined  to  vc 
4tli  arrest  of..... 

w''olfofd,"'Henry.'. 

.'■.3i,.'i:a 
Wolford 


l...'d7. 


unty  fol-2fi,lfi.') 
ith  a  l.eard.S4 
hite,  first  in 

to  protect..52 
iineiit  of 

1 103 

three  imprisoned... 10.5 
prison,  at  Newportlus 


Ky... 


sled.... 


prisi 


Wood,  A.  T 235 

Wood,  Caldwell 7 

Wood,  David 107 

Wood,  George  T....84  91 


Ifield,  Daniel 402 

ifield,  Uabriel....452 
Woodland,  cavalry  atI02 
WoodruB,  Charles  R.627 

Woods,  Rev.  Alva„ 35 

Woods,  John  H 227 

Woods,  L.  W KI7 

Woodson,  M.  C 172 

""■      Ison,  Samuel  B,-3i;3 
ison,SanilH.:i52.,f.-. 


I'oodward,  Jw 


Wood* 


ard,  Wi 


I.T.G.I 


victory  o^... 

at  Garrettsbuig lift 

Woudworth,Beuj.E.227 

Wnody.Jiinies r, 

Woodyaiil.  James  C..l(i7 
Wool,  alalgr  ilip....24li!; 


.  .\.K.. 
,"iiobert 


orshain,  Charles.. 


Worthjnglon,  Eilw'iUo; 

Wright,  Eliz.;beth.""!.".- 

Wright,'GeorgeG.'.!!'.'.Sr 
Wright.Gen.H.G. 117,121 

Wright,  James 13 

■■    ight,  G"v.J...sepli  A., 


Wright,  Wesley  J 

-  ightson,  Thomas 
andots,  incursio; 

Wyatt,  Elizabeth.... 

Wyatt,  John 

Wylie,  Judge 


Yancey,  B.  P 172 

Yancey,  D.  P 172 

Yauccy,  Joel .3J2,510 


SUPPLEMENTAL  INDEX. 


YatBS.Uapt.  Dick 137 


Yates,  Gov.  RicUard 

lis,  360,  362 
Yiitcs,  R.  W.,  Bhot....l 

Yat>.B,  trial  of. 

Yt-ager,  George 


,  Benuett  H..14J 

,  Dr.  Bryan  B. 

37(1.  .'>25 

^s  Tho.  D.Browi 


Youug,  Lucien 
Youug,  Ralph.. 
Young,  Richari 


YoungloTe,Ezra,  meda 
ng  nie'u,"p'ubiii;.il33: 


Zell,  Henry 

"  riobe,  Ka 
Zimiueriua 
Zion,  W 


Key.  W.  Pope 
ever 24fio 


1S1,235,  352 


Young,  Walter  C... 

Voung.Wni 

Young,  Wni.  F 352 

Younger,  John...36il,  407 
Younger,*  Keuuurd 9 


ZoUicofier, 

K 

death  of. 


SUPPLEMENTAL  INDEX. 


50S,  624,  625 


..407 


Koburt...411 
Alexarider;Robert  A.622 

Allen,  James  C .361 

Alien,  John 509,509 

Alien.  Wm.  B 642 

Anderson,  E 407 


ncky., 


...602 


Bonner,  Robert 


Bright,  John  W., 


at  Perry 
Bullett.Cli 
Bullitt, Jo: 


JiUib'ytu'e'n/E.'RVl 
jHrter,Sen.,Wm.. 


Lutheran 432 

Methodist 432 

Presbyterian 4.32 

Roman  Uatholic 432 


Collins,  Richard  H...642 


Cook, 

Coruell,  W.  J 

Cotton,  George  1 


Curry,  Wn,.  ■h.oa 

Dailey,  James 

Davidson,  Rev.  R 


Dedman,Mia9Martha641 

Desha,  Isaac  B 32 

Disti 


Frankfort  rtmian 

Commonwealth , 

Franklin,  Benj...24 
Frishe,  Frederick., 

Graham,  Asher  V!. 


Harrod,  James. ...16,  640 
Hart.JoelT.,  6ketch.625 
Hasbronck.Wm.  L...53.i 
Hendrick,Rev.Jno.T424 
Hise,  Elijuh 500 


Richard  H.Collin6'642 


■  works  about642 
■ook,Rich'dL..'a'-. 
Wm.  R .535 


Cumberland40hio.634 
Elizabethtowu&Pad- 

ucah  R.R 634 

Eastern  Ky.R.R...633 
Henderson  4  Nash- 
ville li.  K 632 

KentuckvCen.  RR.632 


Kidd,  t'ciui 
Legisiatii 
Lisle,  f. 


Afee,Gpn.RoI.t.B.642 
McCalla,  Rev.  Wm.L.Sl 
McClung,Rev.JohnA642 
McGrain,  James 5Sr< 


Lex  RR6.'i2 1  Jlaps  of  Ky.  and  Westl6 
hio  RU.K13  I  Marshall,  Humphrey640 
:.\V.RR.6:'.4'     sket  ■       ' 


Owen.sljoro  &  Rnssi 

villeR.  R i;.",1i.MarBl 

Pad.&Mmnphi.sRR 


arshall  .J 
ason,  Wn 


aper,  Lyi 
dlev.  Dr. 


ev.  Dr.  nenj.H.h2?i  Metcalfe.  Dr.Saml  L.6I2 
Duel.Olay  *  Mar»hall.261  Monroe.Jndge'JhosBfia:'. 

Durham.  Miltou  J....'i.36 1  Moore,  George  .« .5.15 

Duvall,  Alvin 5(Ml!  Moore,  James  M .535 

Duveneck,  Frank 6241  Moreliea.l,Gc>v.JaB.T.r.42 

Ewing.  Ephraini  M..,500|Morri8,  George  W .535 

Farns^vorth, Henry H535lMountfterling,  to\vu.23 


Nicholas,  George. 415.641 
Nicholas,  Judges.  S.415 
Nicholas,  Col.  W.  ('..415 
Odd-Fellow,  expelled^ 

Odd-FellowsLip,hisiory 

statistics,  1S73 .'.36 

Peters,  Judge  B.J. ....500 

Pollard,  John  D 535 

Portraits,  list  of 2 

Powers,  Hiram 626 

Prentice.  George  D...624 
Pryor,  Judge  Wm.Ji.SOn 

Raipe,  John  J blv, 

Rammers,  Adolph ;>:;b 


Seward,  Wm.  H 478 

Sh"affner,'Tal"p.'.535;'5's 
Shannon,  Elder  Jas..425 


Walker,  Dr.  Thoraas.6.39 

Walker,  Wni.H 535 

Waller,  Rev  .John  L.422, 

424 
Washington. Geo.624,f.39 
Watkins,Simmon8....535 
Watson.  David  P.5:',5,.'..ri 
Welch,  James  C..S55,  .5.35 
Wheat,  ZacIiariali....5no 


Williai 
Williaj 
Wolfoi