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I I

ilfeo

COMMUNITY WORK

OP THE

YOUNG MEN'S
CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION

Compiled by
FRANK H. T. RITCHIE

Secretary Boys' Work Department.

International Committee of Young Men's

Christian Associations

3*0oriatt<m $re**

New York: 124 East 28th Street
London: 47 Paternoster Row, E.C.

1915

The International Committee of Young Men's

Christian Associations

CONTENTS

CHAPTBft PACK

Introduction vii

I. The Field i

II. The Objective 4

HI. The Underlying Principles 6

IV. Leadership 12

V. Terminology 15

VI. Preliminary Steps in Organizing 17

VII. Organization 21

VIII. Constitution and By-Laws 26

IX. Finances and Budget 38

X. Suggestive Program of Cooperation with

Existing Agencies 42

XI. The Need of a Balanced Program.... 53

XII. Visitation Centers 57

XIII. Some Guiding Principles 62

XIV. Approved and Adopted Resolutions ... 68
XV. National and International Organiza-
tions and Movements 73

XVI. Bibliography 89

INTRODUCTION

The following pages are the outgrowth of the
experiences and convictions of the Community
Secretaries and others who have pioneered and
developed the work. Many of the suggestions
given herein are the direct results of the First
General Assembly of Association Workers with
Boys, Culver, Indiana, May 17-30, 1913, the
Chicago Beach Conference, January 25-29, 1914,
and the Garden City Conference, February 7-1 1,

191S.
The collection of the material for the Handbook

has been made possible by the cooperation of
many workers in the brotherhood, as they have
answered questionnaires, served on commissions,
and attended committee meetings and conferences.
Although much of the material in the following
pages has appeared in various Association maga-
zines and conference reports, it is here presented
in book form with the hope that it may prove of
permanent value to those who are striving to give
the boys of our nation a normal chance to develop
into useful Christian citizens.

THE FIELD

The original conception of Community Work
was of a type of work peculiarly fitted for com-
munities of from 5,000 to 20,000 population,
where no Young Men's Christian Association
existed. At that time it was not dreamed that
this phase of work had in it the germ that would
tend to revolutionize, as it has, the conception and
method of extension work conducted in large
cities. There are boys and young men in districts
of almost every large city which the Young Men's
Christian Association does not reach in a com-
prehensive way through the building privileges,
and in many instances it would not be feasible or
advantageous to erect a building in such districts.

The problem of how to meet the needs of these
outlying sections brought into existence the Dis-
trict Community Work which is an adaptation of
the work in small cities and large towns. The
demonstrations already given in various commun-
ities under various conditions are bringing leaders
to realize that the community program and organ-
ization is admirably adapted to meet a long felt

above mnp illustrated the policy for
tt how adequately a Urge city c
it Community Work.

ty of Chicago, a
e covered by t

THE FIELD 3

need. The map on frontispiece visualizes the 862
communities on the continent, of 5,000 popula-
tion or over without Association Buildings, repre-
senting about two million boys of the teen age.
These centers would most likely lend themselves
to the community form of organization. On page
2 the District Community Work is made graphic
by showing in solid black the districts organized
in the City of Chicago, and the lighter shaded dis-
tricts are the organizable ones.

The Young Men's Christian Association
through its community program has the unique
opportunity to help supplement the forces already
endeavoring to christianize the social order.
First, because its program is interdenominational
and fundamentally religious, with the Christ
Message for the individual as well as society.
Second, because of its attitude and responsive-
ness to the social needs of the times.

Who will estimate the tremendous impact for
Christian manhood that will be made on the Boy
Life of the nations when the 862 communities and
districts of the large cities are manned with com-
petent secretaries who are actually Christian
Social Engineers?

OBJECTIVES

The Objectives of Community Work herewith
set forth in seven paragraphs, are dealt with at
some length in Chapter III on the "Underlying
Principles of Community Work" and Chapter XI
on "The Need of a Balanced Program."

i. As in all Association Work, to bring individ-
uals, especially boys of the teen age, to the per-
sonal knowledge of Jesus Christ as their Saviour,
to lead them to the dedication of their lives to His
service and to train them to become His active
disciples for the sake of others.

2. To aim to relate the religious work to the
churches of the community and to bring every boy
of teen age into active church membership.

3. To illustrate in the community a program of
activities for the welfare and upbuilding of boy
life in all that makes for the highest manhood.

4. To include in this program such practical
steps toward the elimination of causes of evil as
may be in harmony with our other objects and not
merely to be content with the alleviation of results
of evil.

OBJECTIVES 5

5. To cooperate with other agencies working
for the welfare of the community.

6. To emphasize and improve the relation of the
home, church, school, and municipality to the
social, recreational, educational, moral, and spirit-
ual life of the community.

7. To supplement and strengthen the home, the
church, the school, and the municipality in the
exercise of their important functions.

Ill

THE UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES

The Community program recognizes that the
social, economic, and religious problems of the
twentieth century are intricately involved in the
boy problem, and that any attempt to lay siege to
the citadel of boyhood in a statesmanlike way
must take cognizance of these factors. To give
ideals and spiritual impetus to individual boys is
good; to help direct and spiritualize the social
forces in addition, is better. The Young Men's
Christian Association promoting Community
Work is under obligation to conduct a program of
activities which is comprehensive enough to pro-
vide for the physical, educational, social, and
spiritual needs of the boy. It is likewise under
obligation to discover the causes of misery and
wrong as they affect boy life, and help call into
existence such forces as will hasten their elim-
ination.

The question may be asked, "What are some
of these conditions ?" We refer to the unfavor-
able conditions surrounding human life and its
development. Many homes unfortunately are

homes of poverty, some due to misfortune and

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES 7

some to vice and crime. The causes which oper-
ate to produce one bad home produce other bad
homes. Many of these homes are unsanitary and
unfit for human dwelling places. They become
the abode of sickness and disease; they favor
infant mortality; often they harbor crime; they
shelter intemperance and immorality. These
evils overflow and contaminate other homes.
Soon they breed and multiply until what was only
a local condition, touching the life of a few fam-
ilies, becomes a problem to the whole community.
While these conditions are typical of great cities
and are largely due to overcrowding, they are
found more frequently than one would realize, in
the smaller communities. The causes are many
and cannot be considered here. One character-
istic is common to them all. Much, if not most of
the evil and suffering involved is preventable.
Turning on the other hand to the healthy and
normal side of community life, there is construc-
tive opportunity to strengthen the home in the
fulfilment of its high function. It is better to
keep homes from running down and the children
from going wrong, than it is to reclaim them after-
wards. These immense tasks constitute part of
the large field of philanthropic and Christian
effort.

If you put your hand to the boy and girl prob-

8 COMMUNITY WORK

km in a constructive, comprehensive manner,
you at once touch the center from which radiate
the threads that are woven and interwoven into
the very woof and warp of the social fabric ; for
the adolescent boy is not an isolated individual,
but an inseparable part of the family and society.
You cannot, in any large way, help or harm one
without helping or harming the other. Infancy,
childhood, parenthood, have all contributed to the
physical, intellectual, and spiritual life. To disre-
gard these factors is a serious error, for they are
the foundation upon which character is built.

Therefore it is strategy on the part of the
Young Men's Christian Association in its Com-
munity Work to consider the family and society
in its program. Child life preeminently takes the
major place and rightly so, for it is the battle
ground of character. The great accessions to both
the church and the jail come not from young men
in the twenties but from boys in the teens.

The Association in its buildings has largely
taken the boy at the adolescent period and pro-
vided a place where he could go for inspiration,
training, and wholesome recreation, but has not
assumed any special responsibility for putting into
his environment the things that it wants in the
future man or woman, although it has been sensi-
tive to the religious significance and opportunity

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES 9

of adolescence. When we contemplate Com-
munity Work we are brought face to face with
the tremendous factor of environment in char-
acter-building.

Without relaxing our efforts in dealing directly
with the adolescent, we discover that we have be-
come vitally concerned and interested in his par-
ents and his home, his church and school, his play
life and recreation, his mental and physical en-
dowment, and the preparation he is now receiving
for the critical stages that are ahead of him. We
want if possible to improve our chances of helping
him actively when he is at the susceptible period
of life. We wish to touch the stream of life more
nearly at its source.

Community Work, in other words, is teaching
us to look upon the life of the community as a
whole. It asks us to become intelligent concerning
the conditions surrounding child life and the laws
governing its development. We are obliged to
become students of the social problems of our
time. The touch stone of them all is the life of the
child. Almost if not every question involved
grows out of the necessity of protecting his birth
and ^development.

After all is said and done, the home, church,
school, and municipality are the agencies which
eventually must meet the needs of the boy life of

io COMMUNITY WORK

given communities, if they are to be met in a con-
structive and comprehensive way. The recogni-
tion of this fact on the part of these agencies is
rapidly growing and is strikingly illustrated in the
tendency of the times to make wider use of the
school buildings, public parks, lots for play pur-
poses, etc. It does not need a prophet to predict
that the day is not far off when these things will
be actualized in an increasing number of commun-
ities of between 5,000 and 20,000 population, as
well as in the large cities.

For the Young Men's Christian Association
permanently to take over the tasks which properly
fall within the province of these institutions, be-
cause they are not rendering the needed service,
is postponing indefinitely the day when they will
be effective. Substitution either of responsibility
or activity weakens the institution which ought
to do the work. It is statesmanlike to strengthen
these organizations and inspire them to assume
their tasks and help them to meet the situation.
It is well for us to remember that historically we
have homes and schools because of children. The
child brought these institutions into being. They
exist for him. We are enthroning children today
not only in the name of what they are, but in the
name of what by right treatment they may be-
come and may enable the race to become.

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES n

The Community program presages the time
when the Young Men's Christian Association need
not do many of the things it does today ; and it is
uncompromisingly committed to the task of sup-
plementing the existing agencies, not competing
but acting as a coordinating and unifying factor,
eliminating duplication and overlapping, and
hastening the day when the home, church, school,
and municipality will render their maximum serv-
ice to the community. This makes the Young
Men's Christian Association promoting Com-
munity Work, primarily a coordinating and unify-
ing dynamic religious force with a social wel-
fare viewpoint, vitalizing, socializing, and spirit-
ualizing the forces and agencies at work in the
interests of the boy.

«w

.• •• •

IV
LEADERSHIP

Leadership is such a vital factor in a Com-
munity program that it is well to emphasize its
importance. The comprehensive program can
never be realized unless masterful Christian lead-
ership is provided.

First, the secretary must be a man of natural
leadership, of organizing ability, of attractive and
acceptable personal qualities, of maturity and
conviction, of deep spiritual life, as well as being
alive to and a student of the social, economic, and
religious problems of the day.

He ought to be a man of previous Association
experience, familiar with the operation of a well-
equipped building and having had successful ex-
perience in Boys' Work. It is assumed that he
will have had actual experience as a worker in
a church and Sunday school, and that he is a man
of deep and growing religious life.

He should be a college graduate or its equiv-
alent. This is almost essential; first, because of
the wider applications of the problems of educa-

LEADERSHIP X3

tion involved; and second, because without this*
broader education he will exhaust his resources
within a few years and be unable himself to
create or make effective the work of other men.

For the conduct of activities the greater knowl-
edge and experience of physical . training and
athletics he can have the better. He will require
some ability to coach athletics, games, plays,
meets, and all kinds of special affairs.

Right Reverend Charles H. Brent, Bishop of
the Philippine Islands, so admirably portrays the
type of leadership needed in Community Work
that we make no apology for quoting him at
length.

*"A leader is one who goes before, who keeps in
advance of the crowd without detaching himself
from the crowd, but so influencing them as to
attach them to his ideal selfhood. Obviously and
by necessity he is a social personage who has the
power of enabling other people to see what he
sees, to feel what he feels, to desire what he de-
sires. /-He contracts the crowd into the span of
his own personality ; he converts them into a com-
posite second self. Not only does the leader con-
tract the crowd into himself but he expands him-
self into the crowd until they feel him entering
their being at every opening^ He seeks out their
undeveloped capacity and makes it hunger for

14 COMMUNITY WORK

self-expression. He becomes to them what mo-
tive is to personality."

This is the kind of leadership which will multi-
ply itself in a community until the very commun-
ity is throbbing with new impulses which will
give expression in action that will hasten the com-
ing of the Kingdom.

By way of special preparation the secretary
should attend the Community Course of study at
a Young Men's Christian Association Summer
Training School, and spend as much time as pos-
sible in apprenticeship at a successful Community
center.

Particularly do we emphasize the necessity of
natural capacity, spiritual motive, and adequate
training.

TERMINOLOGY^

With the many forms of Boys' Work now
being conducted outside of Association buildings
under the auspices of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association, it seems advantageous that some
terminology be agreed upon in order that the
normal type of community work be not confused
with purely extension work.

i. Community Work conducted in a town or
city of at least 5,000 population (Protestant)
without a City Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion building, the work being supervised by a
Board of Directors, a local Young Men's Chris-
tian Association organization or subcommittee of
a State Committee, through a Community Secre-
tary.

2. District Community Work conducted in a
Ward or District of a city under the supervision

*This Terminology has had the endorsement of
the first general Assembly of Workers with Boys at
Culver, Indiana, 1913, the first Conference of Com-
munity Secretaries at Chicago Beach, 1914, and the
Second Conference of Community Secretaries, Garden
City, New York, 1915.

16 COMMUNITY WORK

of a Committee composed of men representing
the evangelical churches of the district, who are
responsible to a local Young Men's Christian
Association, a Branch or Department, or to a
Metropolitan Board, through a District Com-
munity Secretary.

3. City Boys' Work conducted in a city under
the supervision of a local Board of Directors
through the City Boys' Work Secretary relieved
of direct responsibility for work inside the build-
ing.

4. Metropolitan Boys' Work conducted in a
large city under the supervision of a Metropolitan
Board of Managers through a Metropolitan Boys'
Work Secretary.

5. Extension Boys' Work conducted where a
Young Men's Christian Association, through its
building secretary or secretaries is conducting
Boys' Work in the community away from its
building, or for groups of boys in the building
who are not members.

Community Work and District Community
Work are constantly referred to throughout the
Handbook, and it is well to get the distinction
well in mind.

PRELIMINARY STEPS IN ORGANIZING A

COMMUNITY

First: Where a Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation Community Work is to be established,
those interested in the project should immediately
advise with the supervisory agencies, and call
from the very start from such agencies one of
their secretaries to help in the promotion of the
project and retain such leadership until the
definite organization is established.

Second: There should be selected one key busi-
ness man around whom such a project may rally.
This man should be so carefully selected that he
may well become later the permanent chairman of
the completed organization. In this way there
will be a constant focal point to the whole scheme.

Third: There should be a small preliminary
committee appointed by this key man, this com-
mittee to act as an executive to put through the
necessary preliminary steps. This committee
should be composed of twelve or fifteen energetic
Christian business men and professional men,
who should first get together in a parlor confer-

ifc COMMUNITY WORK

ence to thoroughly discuss the project with the
supervisory secretary and outline the procedure.
This group, through the various church repre-
sentatives in its membership, should confer with
the pastors individually regarding the project and
secure their cooperation.

Fourth: The preliminary committee should call
a conference to which are invited representative
citizens. At this gathering the new project
should be thoroughly explained, the plans in-
dorsed and sanction given to promote.

Fifth: The nomination and election of a Pro-
visional Committee should result from this con-
ference. Such Provisional Committee might well
include the committee heretofore mentioned and
other interested citizens. It should be authorized
to carry out the project.

Sixth: At this point in the promotion work the
Provisional Committee should make a survey of
the field by calling in local or outside persons
qualified to make a study of social and religious
conditions existing in the city. Such a study
should determine the number, kind, and location
of constructive and destructive forces in the
community, to what extent these forces and
agencies are meeting the needs of the youth of the
community, or how they are destroying character
and injuring public welfare, and in what way

PRELIMINARY STEPS 19

the contemplated Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation Community Work may supplement exist-
ing effort along constructive lines.

Seventh: Thorough publicity should be given
to the project in connection with the financial
campaign, and for this purpose a Publicity Com-
mittee should be appointed by the Provisional
Committee. The educational side of the cam-
paign is most important. The neglect of this
seriously cripples the work later.

Eighth: The first definite task of the Provi-
sional Committee will be the pushing through of
a finance campaign. In an ordinary community
from $3,000 to $4,000 will be needed annually,
and it is recommended that this be raised for two
years in advance.

Ninth: The Provisional Committee should
advise with the representatives of the supervis-
ory agency on the field, and should now create
the definite and permanent organization and elect
a Board of Directors. The finance campaign and
other preceding steps will have revealed men
most to be relied upon. Such a Board should be
representative of the Protestant Evangelical
Churches of the community, and each man should
thoroughly understand the basis of membership
in the Young Men's Christian Association.

Tenth: At the first meeting of the Board of

20 COMMUNITY WORK

Directors constitution and by-laws should be
adopted and officers elected. (See Chapter
VIII.)

Eleventh: The Board of Directors should now
secure as its executive, a competent Community
Secretary.

Twelfth: An active membership, as a voting
body and a service group, should be early culti-
vated and enlisted by the Community Secretary.

VII

ORGANIZATION!

In this chapter your attention is called to the
diagram on the organization of a Young Men's
Christian Association promoting Community
Work (see page 21) and we comment briefly
upon its main features.

First: The Board of Directors should be com-
posed of members of Protestant Evangelical
churches and should as a whole fairly represent
such churches.

Second: The subcommittees are organized on
the basis of cooperation with the existing con-
structive agencies. The following committees are
essential: (1) Business and Promotion, (2)
Home Cooperation, (3) Church Cooperation,
(4) School Cooperation, (5) Cooperation with
the Municipality, (6) Older Boys' Council.

Third: The organization also calls for a
council of older boys with such subcommittees as
the Community Secretary may deem advisable.

*In connection with this chapter, study carefully
the chapters on Constitution and By-Laws, and Guid-
ing Principles.

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ORGANIZATION 23

Such committees to promote special phases of
work among boys, e. g., Boys' Department of the
Sunday Schools, Older Boys' Religious Meetings,
Athletic Meets, High School Propaganda, Stand-
ard Efficiency Tests, Hikes, etc. The organiza-
tion has to do so largely with work among boys,
that it is necessary for the Board to have this
point of contact through such a Boys' Council.
This body with the subcommittees actually gets
in touch with the boys of the community. The
council is related to the Board of Directors
through some advisory adult and the Community
Secretary, and should be made up of the key
Christian boys of the community representing the
various agencies, such as the Church, School, Boy
Scouts, etc.

Fourth: An active adult membership as the vot-
ing body from which the Board will be secured
annually, should be created. Such active mem-
bership may well be the only membership in the
initial stage of the organization. After the Asso-
ciation is thoroughly established an associate
membership, including boys twelve to eighteen
years of age as well as adults, may be added.
. Fifth: The Community Council, although not
indicated in the diagram, is the all inclusive
body so far as the Community Association is
CQjicerned, It is composed of th§ Board of

24 COMMUNITY WORK

Directors, members of subcommittees, Associa-
tion adult members, and representatives of the
various local agencies working for the religious
and moral uplift of the community, as well as
public spirited persons who are interested in the
project regardless of church affiliation. The
Council could profitably meet at least every three
months to discuss community problems and this
affords opportunity to keep a group of the lead-
ing citizens informed.

Sixth: The relation of Community Work to the
Metropolitan organization is practically fixed by
the rules of the latter body. The Community
project becomes a branch or a department of the
Metropolitan organization or of the local Associa-
tion. The local Board becomes a Committee of
Management appointed by the president of the
Metropolitan Association or the local Association.

Seventh: The local relationships of a Young
Men's Christian Association promoting Commun-
ity Work are of essential importance, as such
work is cooperative in its nature. It has no
material equipment of its own and exists mainly
to work through already existing constructive
agencies. Therefore, we emphasize the necessity
of each local Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion doing Community Work to recognize its
peculiar place in the community, and constantly

ORGANIZATION 25

emphasize its program as one of service to the
Home, Church, School, Municipality, and other
bodies.

Eighth: In connection with the organization we
wish to emphasize the very great importance of
a thorough knowledge of local conditions early
in the process of inaugurating a Young Men's
Christian Association Community Work in any
given field. Such knowledge will largely deter-
mine the type of work to be conducted, the type
of secretary to be secured, the general policy to
be outlined, and the amount of the budget.

VIII

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS FOR A
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSO-
CIATION DOING COMMUNITY

WORK

CONSTITUTION
Article I

NAME AND OBJECT

Section i. The name of this organization shall be
"The Young Men's Christian Association of ."

Section 2. The object of this Association shall
be the improvement of the spiritual, mental, social
and physical condition of young men and boys, empha-
sizing cooperation with existing constructive agencies.

Section 3. In accomplishing this object the Asso-
ciation may establish and provide for the conduct and
maintenance of Young Men's Christian Association
work in one or more sections of the city, and for
particular groups of young men and boys. It may
hold or dispose of such property, real or personal, as
may be given, devised or bequeathed to this organiza-
tion, or entrusted to its care and keeping, and may
purchase, acquire and dispose of such property as
may be necessary to carry out the purposes of the
Association.

Article II

MEMBERSHIP

Section J, The Membership in tbip Association

26 .

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 2?

shall consist of men and boys of good moral character,
twelve years of age and over, who have paid the mem-
bership fees and met the other requirements which may
be prescribed from time to time by the Board of
Directors.

Section 2. Those members eighteen years of age
and over, who are members in good standing of
evangelical churches as defined by the International
Conventions of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciations of North America, and they only, shall have
the right to vote and hold office.

Section 3. Any member of the Association may pro-
pose the name of an applicant for membership. All
applications for membership shall be passed upon in
such manner as the Board of Directors may deter-
mine.

Article III

MANAGEMENT

Section 1. The Management of this Association
shall be vested in a Board of Directors of fifteen
men, who are twenty-one years of age or over, and
who possess the qualifications for holding office in the
Association, as defined in Art. II, Sec. 2, of this Con-
stitution. Not more than one-third of the Directors
shall be members of any one religious denomination.
The election of Directors shall be by vote of the quali-
fied members annually as provided for in the By-Laws.
The officers of the Board of Directors shall be a
President, a Vice-President, a Recording Secretary
and a Treasurer, chosen from their own number, as
provided for in the By-Laws. These shall also be
the officers of the Association.

Section 2. The Board of Directors shall have and
exercise all the powers necessary to control the work

28 COMMUNITY WORK

and policy of the Association in all its details. No
contract, debt or obligation shall be binding unless
contracted under authority of the Board.

Section 3. The Board of Directors shall have power
to fill for the unexpired terms, all vacancies occurring
in their number between annual elections. They shall
have authority to make By-Laws for their own gov-
ernment, and for the government of the Association,
not inconsistent with this Constitution.

Article IV

MEETINGS

Section 1. There shall be an Annual Meeting of the

Association on the of , at which time

a statistical and financial report of the Association
for the preceding year shall be presented by the Presi-
dent and Treasurer.

Section 2. The Association shall hold such other
regular meetings as may be provided for in its By-
Laws.

Section 3. Special meetings may be called by the
President or by order of the Board of Directors. Or,
upon the written request of fifteen voting members
of the Association, the President or the Recording
Secretary shall call a meeting specifying the object,
which shall be incorporated in the notice, and which
shall be posted conspicuously in the Association head-
quarters for at least ten days preceding the meeting.
A notice of such meeting shall also be mailed to every
voting member at least one week before the meeting.
No business shall be transacted at such special meet-
ing except that for which the call is issued.

Section 4. Twenty members shall constitute a
quorum at any meeting of the members of this Asso-
ciation.

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 29

Section 5. All meetings of this Association shall be
opened with devotional exercises.

Section 6. No question of a sectarian or partisan
political character shall be acted upon or discussed in
any meeting of this Association or of its Directors.

Article V

AMENDMENTS

Section 1. This Constitution may be altered or
amended by a vote of two-thirds of the members
present at any regularly constituted meeting of the
Association, provided such alteration or amendment
shall have been approved by the Board of Directors
and posted conspicuously in the Association headquar-
ters for at least one month previous; except, that this
Article and the Article requiring that all voting and
office-holding members shall be male members in good
standing of evangelical churches, shall never be altered,
amended or repealed.

BY-LAWS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

AND OF THE ASSOCIATION DOING

COMMUNITY WORK

Article I

ELECTIONS

Section 1. The Annual Election of Directors shall

be held on the of , at which time there

shall be chosen by ballot five (5) Directors who shall
hold office for three years, or until their successors
shall have been elected and qualified; except, that at
the first election after the adoption of these By-Laws
there shall be chosen five Directors to serve for three
years, five for two years, and five for one year.

30 COMMUNITY WORK

Section 2. At a regular meeting of the Board of
Directors, at least thirty days preceding the annual
election, the President shall appoint a Nominating Com-
mittee of five, not more than two of whom shall be
from any one religious denomination, to nominate
members for election to the Board of Directors. This
Committee shall consist of three members of the Board
of Directors, whose terms of office do not expire at
the immediate election, and two members from the
voting membership of the Association. At least fif-
teen days before the election the Nominating Com-
mittee shall post conspicuously in the Association head-
quarters a copy of this section of the By-Laws, to-
gether with the names they nominate. Fifteen voting
members of the Association may present in writing to
the Nominating Committee not later than ten days be-
fore the annual election, the name of any voting mem-
ber for nomination. Such name shall be posted im-
mediately by the Nominating Committee. No person
shall be eligible for election as Director unless his
name shall thus have been submitted to, or nominated
by, said Nominating Committee.

Section 3. The polls shall be open at the Association
office on election day from 8.00 a. m. to 8.00 p. m. Each
voter shall give his name and be registered. The Nom-
inating Committee shall have charge of the election,
count the ballots, and certify the returns to the Board
of Directors.

Section 4. At the first regular meeting of the Board
of Directors after the annual election of the Associa-
tion, the Board shall elect by ballot from its own
number a President, a Vice-President, a Recording
Secretary and a Treasurer. The said officers shall
be the officers of the Association and of the Board,
and shall hold office for one year, or until their suc-
cessors are elected and qualify. They shall have power
to perform the duties incumbent upon the officers of

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 31

like name in similar Associations, subject to these
By-Laws and such regulations as may be provided.

Article II

MEETINGS

Section 1. The regular meetings of the Board of

Directors shall be held on the of each month,

and one third of the membership of the Board shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

Section 2. Special Meetings may be called by the
Recording Secretary, at the request of the President,
or upon written request of three Directors. The ob-
ject of such meetings shall be stated in the call and
no other business shall be transacted.

Section 3. All meetings of the Board shall be opened
with devotional exercises and the order of the business
shall be as follows:

(1) Roll Call.

(2) Reading minutes of previous meeting.

(3) Report of the Treasurer.

(4) Report of the Community Secretary.

(5) Reports of Standing Committees.

(6) Reports of Special Committees.

(7) Unfinished business.

(8) New Business.

Section 4. All reports of officers and committees
shall be made in writing, and be filed with the Com-
munity Secretary.

Article III

MEMBERS

Section 1. Members may be elected at any meeting
of the Board of Directors by a vote of two-thirds of
the members present, upon recommendation of any
sub-committee.

32 COMMUNITY WORK

Section 2. Qualifications for membership in a Young
Men's Christian Association promoting community
work: The candidate for membership after a personal
interview as to the purpose of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association should be willing to subscribe to the
program, and by personal services and influence be
willing to extend the Kingdom of God throughout the
community.

Article IV

COMMUNITY COUNCIL

Section 1. The Community Council shall be com-
posed of all avowedly interested persons in the com-
munity regardless of affiliations or sex and shall in-
clude the membership, Board of Directors and sub-
committees; it shall act in an advisory relation to the
Board of Directors. The Board, by majority vote of
those present, may appoint to annual membership in
the Community Council any person who is actively
interested in the work of the Association. This
Council will meet upon the call of the President of the
Board, and the President shall call a meeting of the
Council when presented with a written request signed
by ten members thereof.

Section 2. The Boys' Council shall be composed of
older Christian boys interested in the welfare of the
boys of the community, and shall be appointed annu-
ally by the Board. It shall be related to the Board
of Directors through an adult adviser, and shall be
directly responsible to the community secretary, meet-
ing at his call. The purpose of such a council shall
be advisory and administrative in carrying out plans
directly touching the boy life of the community. Such
organizations and sub-committees may be found as,
in the judgment of the Board and the Community

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 33

Secretary, are essential to the accomplishment of this
purpose.

Article V

DUTIES OF OFFICERS

Section I. The President shall preside at all business
meetings of the Association and of the Board of
Directors; he shall make to the annual meeting of the
Association a full report of the year's work; he shall
appoint all standing committees of the Board and of
the Association and shall designate the chairmen
thereof, subject to the approval of the Board of
Directors; he shall sign all legal papers of the Asso-
ciation authorized by the Board of Directors.

Section 2, The Vice-President, during the absence
or disability of the President, shall have the power
and perform all the duties of the President.

Section 3. The Treasurer shall receive all moneys
of the Association and shall disburse them under the
ordei of the Board of Directors and after proper ap-
proval; he shall keep a full account of all moneys re-
ceived and paid out and report same to the Board of
Directors at their monthly meetings, and to the Asso-
ciation at the annual meetings, and at other times when
required. He shall keep all funds of the Association
and promptly deposit them in such depositories as shall
be designated by the Board of Directors.

Section 4. The Recording Secretary shall keep a
record of the minutes of all the business meetings of
the Association and of the Board of Directors, and
shall attest same with his signature; he shall notify
all officers of their election and all committees of their
appointment; he shall notify all officers and directors
of all business meetings of the Association and of the
Board of Directors; he shall be the custodian of the
seal of the Association, and of the record of the min-

34 COMMUNITY WORK

utes of all business meetings, which shall be kept in
the Association office.

Section 5. The Community Secretary shall be em-
ployed by the Board of Directors; he shall be the ex-
ecutive officer of the Board and of the Association;
he shall have general supervision of the work of all
employees; shall sign all orders on the Treasurer for
the disbursement of funds, subject to the approval of
the Finance Committee; shall attend all meetings of
the Board of Directors, and shall make monthly reports
to the Board of Directors.

Section 6. All other employed officers and employees
shall be engaged by the Board of Directors upon
recommendation of the Community Secretary. Their
duties shall be designated by the Community Secre-
tary, subject to the approval of the Board of Directors.

Article VI

COMMITTEES

Section 1. The Executive Committee, consisting of
four officers of the Association and the Chairman of
the Finance Committee, shall act for the Board of
Directors in the interim between Board meetings,
but shall not have power to reconsider or reverse any
action or policy of the Board. The Chairman or any
two members may call meetings at any time and three
members shall constitute a quorum. It shall report
all its actions to the regular meetings of the Board of
Directors, which, when approved, shall become the
action of the Board.

Section 2. There shall be the following standing
committees, of such number as the Board of Directors
shall direct. They shall be appointed annually by the
President and approved by the Board of Directors:

Members of the Community Council shall be eligible

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 35

for appointment to such committees provided the
chairman in each case shall be a member of the Board
of Directors, except the Business and Promotion Com-
mittee which shall be composed entirely of members
of the Board of Directors.

(i) Business and Promotion.

(2) Cooperation with the Home.

(3) Cooperation with the Church.

(4) Cooperation with the School.

(5) Cooperation with the Municipality.

Additional committees may be appointed from time to
time as needed. The President and Community Sec-
retary of the Association shall be members ex officio
of all committees and shall be invited to all committee
meetings.

Section 3, Each standing committee shall keep min-
utes of its meetings and file the same in the Associa-
tion office. It shall submit to the Board of Directors
a monthly report of work done. It shall not enter
into any contract or incur any indebtedness or finan-
cial obligation of any kind except under authority of
the Board of Directors. It shall have power to appoint
such sub-committees for carrying on the work under
its direction as it may deem necessary.

Subject to the approval of the Board of Directors,
each sub-committee shall have power to pass such rules
as may be necessary for the conduct of the work
entrusted to it.

Section 4. The Business and Finance Committee
shall consist of five members chosen from the Board
of Directors at the beginning of each fiscal year. It
shall devise means for obtaining the necessary funds
for current expenses and plan for the securing of these
funds with the cooperation of the Board of Directors.
At the monthly meeting of the Board of Directors pre-
ceding the close of the fiscal year in April the Finance

36 COMMUNITY WORK

Committee shall present in writing an itemized esti-
mate of the Association's income and expenses for the
ensuing year, and upon revision or approval by the
Board of Directors, this estimate shall become the
authorized budget for the ensuing fiscal year; no obli-
gation beyond the amount thus appropriated shall be
incurred by any committee or agent of the Associa-
tion unless authorized by the Board of Directors.
The Chairman of the Finance Committee shall ap-
prove all orders on the Treasurer for the disburse-
ment of funds; orders which are not approved shall
be submitted to the Finance Committee for final action ;
it shall designate which order shall be given precedence
for payment by the Treasurer; it shall require all
officers and employees handling funds of the Asso-
ciation to furnish surety bonds, at the expense of the
Association, and shall approve such bonds and fix the
amount thereof ; it shall present at each monthly meet-
ing of the Board of Directors a statement brought
down to the last business day of the preceding calendar
month, showing the total liabilities and assets, the pro-
portion of the receipts and disbursements for each
department as compared with the budget, and the
amount yet to be received and expended by each de-
partment.

Section 5. The Business and Finance Committee
shall see that all accounts are credited annually and
publicity given to the same.

Article VII

ORGANIZATIONS

Section 1. No organization shall be effected within
or in connection with this Association except with
the approval of the Board of Directors, and all such
organizations shall be under control of the Board of

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 37

Directors, and their Constitution, By-Laws and Rules
shall be approved by the Board of Directors. The
Board of Directors shall have power to overrule any
action, and at any time, to reorganize or disband any
such organization.

Section 2. The President and Community Secretary
shall be ex officio members of any and all such organ-
izations.

Article VIII

DISCIPLINE

Section 1. In case of misconduct or neglect of duty
in office, a two-thirds majority of the Board of Direct-
ors may declare the office of such offender vacant.

Section 2. Full authority is given the Board of
Directors to deal with all cases of disorder, insubordi-
nation or immorality, on the part of any member or
person visiting the rooms or taking part in any meet-
ing of the Association, provided the accused shall have
had reasonable notice and opportunity for making
defense.

Article IX

AMENDMENTS

Section 1. These By-Laws may be amended at any
regular meeting of the Board of Directors by a two-
thirds vote of all the members present, provided notice
of such amendment shall have been given in writing
at a previous regular meeting.

FINANCES AND BUDGET

When first undertaking the raising of a bud-
get for Community Work, raise the amount to
cover at least a two years' period of work. This
gives sufficient time to demonstrate the program
before again going to the public for funds. The
budget should be large enough to provide for a
thoroughly qualified secretary, dignified head-
quarters, effective advertising, and items for
Home and Foreign Extension Work. For the
benefit of cities undertaking Community Work,
we herewith suggest a working Budget. The
budgets given on the opposite page are based on
figures secured from thirty community centers.

A financial constituency, growing in intelli-
gence, interest and numbers, is a requisite in the
new type of Association Work which will obviate
many dangers in the future. It is strongly recom-
mended that personal contact and thorough ad-
vertising be employed to retain and increase the
financial interest of individuals. The following
methods might well be adopted :

FINANCES AND BUDGET

Suggested Budget

ex-

Suggested Budget

ex-

elusive of salary in

Cen-

elusive of salary for Dis-

ters where the population

trict Community Work

ranges from 5,000

in large cities.

20,000.

Stenographic

$150

$550

Rent

200

Rent

300

Light

Janitor's Services

Janitor's Services .

Athletic Equip-

100

Stationery and Of-

fice Supplies....

fice Supplies ....

150

Subscription to

State Committee

100

State Committee

Subscription to In-

ternational Com-

ternational Corn-

100

Subscription to Lo-

cal or City Board

$1,120

$1,520

First: A series of attractive and well written
newspaper articles as to the real aim as well as
the work accomplished.

Second: A quarterly confidential report letter
to the contributor, giving prominence to those
things accomplished by the Association through
cooperation with other agencies, as well as results
from work with individuals. Many things can

40 COMMUNITY WORK

go into a letter of this character which cannot
have newspaper publicity. Contributors are en-
titled to such a letter.

Third: An annual dinner to which the contrib-
utors are invited (a reasonable charge per plate)
at which time the work is presented, as well as
future plans. No solicitation. This should be
primarily a time for the Committee and Secretary
to get acquainted with those supporting the work.

Fourth: An annual Association Sunday, when
the pulpits should be occupied by Association
speakers. This should be for educational and
inspirational purposes.

Fifth: An attractive illustrated yearly report
should be prepared and well circulated. Some-
times a four-page supplement in the newspapers
can be used to advantage.

Sixth: The personal cultivation of the leading
citizens. It will pay to spend hours in acquaint-
ing and enthusing them with the community pro-
gram.

Experience has shown that it is generally very
unwise to tie up financially to any other organiza-
tion. Keep the financial constituency always on
an individual basis. The detailed plan of a finan-
cial campaign will vary according to the different*
fields, but the universal practice is to hold the
campaign before the secretary is called, so that

FINANCES AND BUDGET 41

he may be free from the very beginning to throw
himself into the intensive study of the field and
the program of activities. The actual time given
to soliciting funds should be short, not over three
days in communities of from 5,000 to 20,000 pop-
ulation, and not over five days in a district of a
large city.

Shdrt term Community campaign methods have
been well worked out and details regarding same
can be secured from State Committees or the
International Committee of the Young Men's
Christian Association.

SUGGESTIVE PROGRAM OF COOPERA-
TION WITH EXISTING AGENCIES

The listed activities in this chapter are intended
to be suggestive as to some ways and means of
cooperating with the agencies through which the
Young Men's Christian Associations would func-
tion. No fixed classification is possible, as many
of the activities could just as logically be classi-
fied under the school as the municipality, or the
home as the church, etc. If this chapter gives the
reader a working basis and stimulates his thought
along lines of concrete things to promote, its mis-
sion will be fulfilled. For full details regarding
the activities herein suggested refer to the fol-
lowing books, magazines, and pamphlets: The
complete file of Association Boys, 1902 to 191 1,
and American Youth, 1912 to 1915; the com-
plete file of the Community Boys' Work Bulletin;
the Secondary Division Leaflets, five in all (pub-
lished by the International Sunday School Asso-
ciation) ; the High School Students Christian
Movement pamphlets, "A Plan of Building and

PROGRAM OF COOPERATION 43

Extension Work among Employed Boys" ; "How
Volunteer Leaders can help the Industrial Boy."
For additional information consult Bibliography
in Chapter XVII.

COOPERATION WITH THE HOME
i. Home visitation systematically worked out
by all churches; cover entire city.

2. Thanksgiving and Christmas dinners to poor
families. Entire district organized so no family
will be overlooked, and no duplication will occur.
Opportunities here for churches and charity or-
ganizations to do real team work.

3. Establish a home for homeless boys with
Christian woman as House Mother. Not more
than ten boys in a home is advisable. The family
idea is to be constantly kept in the forefront.
The Home must not be institutionalized.

4. The promotion of group socials in the homes
of the community or district affords an opportun-
ity for some boys to see real home life.

5. Parents Conferences for consideration of
boys' rooms, boys' vacations, etc.

6. Send the names of the mothers of young chil-
dren to children bureau at Washington, D. C, for
pamphlets on infant care, etc.

7. Encourage reading of books on sex educa-
tion, home training of boys, etc., by parents.

44 COMMUNITY WORK

8. Remember the birthdays of the boys with a
post card or letter. Secretary might well have
a card index in his office of every teen age boy
in the district or community.

9. Encourage thrift among boys by systemat-
ically promoting a program for money saving.
Local banks will cooperate in this. See pamph-
lets published by National W. C. T. U. on School
Savings Banks.

10. Parents Meetings, e. g.,

(a) Fathers' Conferences.

(b) Mothers' Conferences.

(d) Mass meeting of parents followed
by series of group conferences.

11. Father and Son Banquets.

12. Mother and Daughter Banquets.

Sometimes both may be held on the same evening in
separate buildings or rooms, groups meeting after ban-
quets are over for social evening. This emphasizes
the family aspect.

13. Home garden growing contest.

14. Chicken raising contest.

15. Corn raising contest.

16. Interest school officials to furnish a class
room in the school building as a typical boys'
room, open to the public for inspection. Series

PROGRAM OF COOPERATION 45

of talks might be given in connection with the
plan.

COOPERATION WITH THE CHURCH

A. Adult; B. Boy
A. Adult:

1. Promote Men's Bible classes. It might be
well to encourage courses dealing with social
problems from the Christ viewpoint.

2. Federate men's Bible classes. This federa-
tion should be a force for righteousness in the
community.

3. A community-wide survey to include —

(a) Religious census.

(b) The constructive character-building

agencies.

acter building.

(d) The community from a physical hy-

gienic standpoint.

4. Training courses in principles and methods
of teaching, etc., for adult workers with boys,
both denominational and interdenominational.

5. Shop meetings, Bible classes, shop libraries,
shop socials, health talks, etc.

6. A training class for policemen, where boy
life and leadership among boys may be studied;

46 COMMUNITY WORK

a unique opportunity to help make the policeman
a social worker in an unofficial capacity.

7. Undenominational mass meetings for men.
Character of meetings :

(a) Social service emphasis from the

Christ standpoint.

(b) Evangelistic.

8. Organize the strong Christian men for a
"Campaign of Friendship" in which boys in the
community will be interviewed personally along
Christian character building lines and decisions
for Christ secured. This might well be an annual
campaign. Where the community is small every
boy could be interviewed.

9. Make possible a well-defined program of
work in the interest of the wage-earning boy.

10. Organize among employed boys "Find
Yourself" campaigns. The purpose of these
campaigns is to help boys to discover their voca-
tional bent, and how they can best serve humanity
through their vocation. See American Youth,
June, 1915.

11. Campaign to enlist boys to go to college.

12. Vacation Bible schools.

13. Training courses for scout masters.

14. Discover and enlist Big Brothers for work
with needy boys.

15. Cooperate in Juvenile Probation work.

PROGRAM OF COOPERATION 47

16. A constructive program of work among
foreigners, e. g.—

(a) Teaching foreigners English.

(b) Health talks.

17. An educational community- wide campaign
for personal and social hygiene.

18. An educational community- wide campaign
in the interests of —

(a) City planning.

(b) Wider use of the schools.

19. Prepare and publish a codification of state
laws relating to children.

20. Cooperate with moving picture theaters in
helping to make them a larger educational and
moral factor in the community.

21. A series of high-class entertainments.
This is greatly needed especially in small com-
munities.

22. Bring to the community state, national and
international experts from various organizations
on special phases of community life.

23. Special Campaigns:

(a) Anti Tuberculosis.

(b) The House Fly Pest.

(d) Anti Cigarette.

48 COMMUNITY WORK

24. A newsboy organization.
(Character building prime objective.)

25. Fathers' Day.

26. Mothers' Day.

27. Campaign to teach every boy to swim.

28. Interchurch field meet.

29. Intershop athletic league.

B. Boy:

1. Cooperate in establishing Boys' Departments
of the Sunday school and organized classes.

2. Older Boys' Bible Study Training Classes.

3. Series of older boys' religious meetings.

4. Older Boys' Conferences:

(a) Local.

(b) District.

5. Boys' Sunday. When older boys will at-
tend church in a body; pews reserved for them;
special sermon.

6. Song services at hospitals conducted by boys
themselves.

7. Older Boys' Watch Night Service, New
Year's Eve. These should be well planned and
decision making in character.

8. Systematically interview boys regarding
their Christian life.

PROGRAM OF COOPERATION 49

9. Interchurch summer camps:

(a) Long term.

(b) Week end.

10. Cooperate in establishing interchurch
leagues.

11. Interchurch field meets.

12. Make possible a program of physical work
for all churches.

13. Outings and hikes :

(a) Recreational.

(b) Educational.

one week or more.

14. Kite flying contests.

15. Pet shows — an opportunity for boys to
exhibit their rabbits, dogs, birds, white mice, etc.

16. Art exhibit and contest.

17. Hobby day exhibit.

18. The Boy Scouts and other movements for
boys in churches.

19. Interest boys in the erection of a scout
cabin. Makes good headquarters for over-night
trips.

COOPERATION WITH THE SCHOOL

1. Wider use of the school plant as a social
and recreational center.

50 COMMUNITY WORK

2. Campaign in interests of medical inspection
of schools.

3. A parents' and teachers' association.

4. Develop the Standard Efficiency Tests
scheme for the boys of the community.

5. Demonstrate and develop interest in school
yard games.

6. Develop organized and supervised play
recess period.

7. Interschool league, etc.

8. Evening school for working boys and
adults.

9. A series of vocational talks for student
body.

10. A series of municipal lectures followed by
compositions prepared by students.

11. A vocational survey of students and a vo-
cational bureau.

12. Reception to faculty and freshmen through
High School students at opening of schools,
when an effort should be made to set high stand-
ards in athletics and morals among the student
body for the ensuing year.

13. Organize High School Clubs, the purpose
being to create, maintain, and extend throughout
the school high standards of Christian character.

14. Various tournaments.

PROGRAM OF COOPERATION 51

COOPERATION WITH THE MUNICIPALITY

1. Municipal playground to be used evenings
as well as during the day.

2. Cooperate with the existing playgrounds by
organizing unrelated boys and relating them to
the playground for their games, thus aiding the
playground to serve a larger constituency and at
the same time help to popularize the playgrounds
in the community.

3. A municipal swimming pool. (It is gener-
ally more advantageous to have it in connection
with the school plant.)

4. Community program for national holidays
such as —

(a) Lincoln's Birthday.

(b) Washington's Birthday.

(d) Fourth of July (Sane Fourth Pro-

gram).

(e) Labor Day.

( f ) Thanksgiving Day.

(g) Dominion Day (Canada).

(h) Empire Day (Canada).

5. Community open air skating rinks. Music
might well be provided one or two nights during
the week.

6. Help create sentiment and supplement proper
agencies in bringing to pass a "Clean-up day."

52 COMMUNITY WORK

7. Municipal Christmas tree and pageants.

8. Community play festivals.

9. Cooperate and supplement agencies existing
for the enforcement of law affecting child life.

10. Story-telling hours in the public library,
school buildings, and on the playgrounds.

11. Recognize Arbor Day by planting of trees.

Write Community Secretary, International
Committee, Young Men's Christian Association,
124 E. 28th St., New York, for names and ad-
dresses of secretaries who have most successfully
carried out the above plans or others in which you
may be especially interested.

XI
THE NEED OF A BALANCED PROGRAM

The four aspects of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association Community Work that are con-
stantly emphasized are :
/ First. A program of activities for the boys of
the entire Community.

Second. The elimination of the causes of evil
conditions which affect child life.

Third. The bringing into existence and foster-
ing the growth and development of those positive
forces which tend to upbuild the individual as
well as the Community.

Fourth. The uniting of the Christian boys and
young men for winning others to the Christian
life, enlisting them in service, and relating them
to the church.

To keep these fundamental planks of the Com-
munity platform in their proper relation is, per-
haps, one of the most difficult tasks with which
the Association is confronted. Difficult because
we have constantly to contend with the individ-
uality of the Secretary, and generally individuals

54 COMMUNITY WORK

possessing real leadership have strong character-
istics and marked ability along some one line.
Seldom are all the requirements which are here
so essential, embodied in one person. Conse-
quently the program must not be the program of
the Secretary, but rather of a group of men of
varied qualifications and experience cooperating
with him, whose composite and united efforts will
largely assure a balanced program. Furthermore,
it is possible for a program to be well balanced
as it relates to activities and the elimination of
causes, and, at the same time, to be unbalanced in
failing to include all four of the fundamental in-
stitutions in its field of operation.

To emphasize any one of the above phases to
the neglect of the other is to retard at the very
outset the full effectiveness of the Community
Work. "That which you expect to put into the
child you must put into its environment." There-
fore it is imperative that we cooperate and relate
ourselves to the organizations that are working
for better social conditions; together we can
hasten the day when every child will have a
normal chance to develop into a strong, Christian
man or woman.

Good housing conditions, proper sanitation,
reasonable hours of work, protection from dis-
ease, etc., are all basic. While the above is true,

A BALANCED PROGRAM 55

it is well for us to constantly remind ourselves
that the existence of ideal conditions or even the
imparting of great moral and religious truths
alone will not make strong characters. Strong
characters are developed through expression.
The child is primarily a "doer." He lives in the
region of the concrete, not the abstract. Conse-
quently his best development demands a program
of activities which will afford the opportunity
for full expression of his unfolding character
and pent-up energies.

The Committee and the Community Secretary
are in constant danger of becoming, on the one
hand, primarily promoters of activities, or on the
other, primarily students of social conditions.
The maximum results will only be obtained when
the two are combined, and vitalized by the teach-
ings of Jesus Christ.

While encouraging communities to express
their civic life in better housing conditions, play-
grounds, parks, etc., we must encourage self
expression on the part of individuals in altruistic
service. While suppressing commercialized vice,
we must in no unmistakable way be a factor in
releasing virtue in individuals.

While establishing restraints to safe-guard boys
and girls, we must encourage wholesome recrea-
tion. Character is acquired by the activities and

56 COMMUNITY WORK

amusements in the shop, school, and street, not
by the restraint of the church and home alone.

The ideal we seek to realize is that of event-
ually removing the causes of evil affecting child
life. This we must persistently keep in the fore-
ground. At the same time we must not neglect to
supplement and reenforce the great constructive
agencies working for the betterment of child-
hood. Meanwhile we must promote a strong,
constructive, balanced program of activities, for
through these we are opening the way to make
the former an actuality.

XII
VISITATION CENTERS

The change from building work to the cooper-
ative methods of the Community plan involves so
radical a departure from the previous viewpoint
of the worker that an opportunity to visit an
organized community center for conference,
study, and practice work under the direction of
an experienced secretary, has come to be imper-
ative in the case of all men entering upon Com-
munity Work for the first time. The Garden City
Conference, strongly urged upon the various
supervising agencies that provision for such op-
portunity be made an essential part of the plan
for manning new fields. The following program
was adopted to make such a visit as profitable as
possible :

First: An information blank or letter to the
secretary of the center to be visited to include the
following information :

(From the visiting secretary.)

Name Age

Home address
Where born and brought up
Educational advantages

58 COMMUNITY WORK

Various employments since leaving school or college.
(Character and length of service of each.)

With what Y. M. C. A. building and extension ac-
tivities are you familiar?

What books that have bearing upon general work
with boys have you read in the past two years?

What welfare work have you had acquaintance-
ship with?

(From the State and International Secretaries.)

From your knowledge of his past boys' work expe-
rience what are indicated to be the visitor's
Points of strength

In dealing with boys.

In organization.

Personal.
Points of weakness

In dealing with boys.

In organization.

Personal.

Second: Familiarity with the following books
— to be gained as far as possible, before the visit :

"Community Work of the Y. M. C. A.," Ritchie.
"Boy Life and Self Government," Fiske.
"Sunday School and the Teens," Alexander.
"Wider Use of the School Plant," Perry.
"Christianizing the Social Order," Rauschenbusch.
"Physical Education," Physical Department, Inter-
national Committee, Y. M. C. A.
"Spirit of Youth in the City Streets," Addams.
"The Springfield Survey," Russell Sage Foundation.
"Christianity and Amusements," Edwards.
"The Family and Social Work," Devine.

These pamphlets :

Association Press —

High School Bulletins, I, 2, 3, 4.

Employed Boy Bulletins.

The Boy Secretaryship a Life Work.

VISITATION CENTERS 59

Sage Foundation—

"Unused Recreational Resources of the Average

Community," Perry.
"The Community used School House," Perry.
"The New Attitude of the School to the Health

of the Child," Ayres.
"Athletics in the Public School," Hanmer.

Third: Suggested outline of subject matter to
be covered as far as practicable on the field by
the visiting secretary under the direction of, and
in conference with the secretary of the center
visited, through practical work and by study and
investigation.

i. Organization and business administration,
(a) Organization:

Method of promoting Young Men's
Christian Association Community
Work.

Educational and Financial Campaign.

Plan of Organization —
Constitution and By-Laws.

Program of work through committees.

Developing committee's sense of respon-
sibility.

Enlisting men in Committee service.

Converting community to new program
and ideals.

Educating Association's constituency.

6o COMMUNITY WORK

(b) Business Administration :

Suggested budget.

Method of securing and collecting con-
tributions.

Financial system.

Statistical records.

Filing system —

Financial, statistical, letters, informa-
tional.

Actual demonstration of how to prepare
for and conduct board and committee
meetings.

2. Underlying principles and objectives.

Illustrate by concrete examples from the local
field the practical working out of the underlying
principles and objectives set down in Chapters
II and III.

3. How to analyze a field and make use of the
results.

4. A suggested program of work for a given
field in connection with the Home, Church,
School, and Municipality.

A list of possible activities in cooperation with
each thoroughly discussed and where possible
investigated.

Study of the progress made toward the realiza-
tion of this program in the local center visited.

VISITATION CENTERS 61

5. Intimate acquaintance through practical
work with the promotion and conduct of

(a) High School Student Christian Move-

ment.

(b) Organized Bible Class activities and

Boys' Department organization in the
Sunday school.

(d) Organized school ground play.

(e) Methods of sex education.

(f) Work for employed boys.

Fourth: A report letter from the secretary of
the center visited to the state or other supervisory
agency.

XIII

SOME GUIDING PRINCIPLES

This chapter is not based on theory but is the
outgrowth of the experience of the great majority
of the Community centers that have been de-
veloped during the first six years of the work.
The guiding principles are here given in two divi-
sions: (A) for the committee; (B) for the
secretary. They are in paragraph form so they
may be quickly grasped and retained by the
reader.

A. For the Committee

First: Leadership is of such importance in
Community Work, that only men who possess in
a marked way consecration to the Christ, devo-
tion to His calling and a full appreciation of the
significance of the social propaganda as an ex-
pression of the Christian life, should be secured.
It is far better to wait half a year than to com-
promise with less efficient leadership. (Read
again Chapter IV on Leadership.)

Second: A central office as headquarters con-

GUIDING PRINCIPLES 63

veniently located in the business section of the
city or district and furnished in a dignified and
businesslike manner. This is essential. Two
rooms are recommended, one for the Secretary's
private office, the other for interviews and com-
mittee meetings. The office should rapidly be-
come the clearing house and bureau of informa-
tion for the agencies in the community working
for the upbuilding of character. The Committee
should avoid having the office connected with the
office of any Church, social, or welfare agency,
or other sectarian or partisan organization.

Third: The Committee should constantly re-
mind itself that the purpose of the membership
in a Young Men's Christian Association promot-
ing Community Work is not a means by which to
raise finances or to build up a large organization.
There are no privileges to be sold ; therefore, the
basis of membership is service. Membership fee
(if any) should be merely nominal.

Fourth: No Secretary can in a large way guide
his committee in a program for the religious,
moral, and social uplift of the community without
annually attending the Summer Schools on Com-
munity Work and getting away to conventions
and conferences. This should be well provided
for in the budget. It is suicidal to neglect this.

Fifth: The Committee must take the financial

64 COMMUNITY WORK

load upon their shoulders. The Secretary may
help in the directing of the financial solicitation
and collecting of subscriptions, but he should be
practically free to give himself to the task to
which he has been called.

Sixth: There should exist the closest working
relationship between the local Association and the
Territorial Committee in Canada and the State
Committee in the United States as well as the Na-
tional and International Committees. This is im-
perative because of the pioneer character of the
plan, and the necessity for a conservative yet pro-
gressive policy as well as a correlation of methods
and principles which will be of working value to
given communities.

Seventh: Early in the development of the work
a policy which will cover a period of years and
anticipate the growth of the community should
be worked out and adopted.

Eighth: It is well for the Committee con-
stantly to keep before them as a goal the Balanced
Program (see Chapter XI). There is real danger
that the welfare aspect of the work will appeal
to a certain class of workers, to the loss of the
spiritual motive and achievement. The directly
religious objective must not be lost sight of in
pushing the social program. Likewise, the social
objective must not be lost sight of in pushing the

GUIDING PRINCIPLES 65

directly religious program. The two emphases
are essential for an effective religious work.

Ninth: Do not try to realize a five years' pro-
gram of work in one. Community Work calls for
Builders rather than Boomers.

Tenth: Never fail to realize that the Young
Men's Christian Association Community Work is
to serve the home, the church, and the school
and is not a substitute or rival of these agencies.
(Read again Chapter II on Objectives.)

Eleventh: There is a constant danger of yield-
ing to the temptation of building up new organ-
izations instead of bringing about the coordina-
tion of present agencies and raising the standard
of their efficiency.

Twelfth: Consult freely and keep in touch with
the literature of state and national agencies, e. g.,
International Sunday School Association, Play-
ground Recreational Association, Boy Scouts of
America, etc. (see Chapter XVI for suggestions).

Thirteenth: There is a real danger of diagnos-
ing a community need from a superficial study of
conditions, and making deductions which will not
stand close scrutiny.

Fourteenth: Do not overlook the individual in
dealing with the mass.

Fifteenth: The largest and most effective work
will be accomplished only as the Committee takes

66 COMMUNITY WORK

cognizance of institutions as well as individuals
in dealing with Community problems.

Sixteenth: Community Work should not be
promoted in any field except by agreement among
the Association agencies of supervision.

Seventeenth: In promoting Community Work
the following points should be observed in rela-
tion to the County Work Department.

(a) That in unorganized counties, where it is
difficult to decide whether Community Work or
County Work is most advantageous, the final
decision and responsibility rest with the State
Committee.

(b) That where County Work is already or-
ganized, responsibility concerning communities
under five thousand white Protestant population
rests with the local County Committee.

(c) That in organized Counties, Community
Work under a salaried secretary should be intro-
duced in agreement with the County Work De-
partment. Community Work so introduced has
local autonomy in direct relation to the State
and International Committee.

That in the organization of Community Work
in a field where a Railroad Association already
exists, the interests of the Association already on
the ground should be considered.

That the same principle should hold under sim-

GUIDING PRINCIPLES 67

ilar circumstances with the Student and other
Departments.

B, For the Secretary

First: It is fundamental to the success of the
work that the Secretary multiply himself through
volunteer leadership and existing organizations.
It is possible for various organizations to put him
to work instead of him putting them to work.
The former is a calamity.

Second: Set aside a regular time for study for
your work and your own personal spiritual
growth, and keep it religiously.

Third: Take time for the proper development
and cultivation of your social and recreational
life. It will help you to avoid ruts.

Fourth: It is possible for one's own spiritual
life to dry up and become a minus quantity,
although you are daily promoting religious work.
Make prayer, Bible Study and meditation an actu-
ality in your own life. It is what you are, not
what you do, that really counts.

XIV

APPROVED AND ADOPTED
RESOLUTIONS

The following resolutions were adopted at the
Chicago Beach Conference and at the Garden
City Conference. They have proven to be basic
in the development of Young Men's Christian
Association Community Work and we herewith
quote them again for careful perusal and con-
sideration :

Chicago Beach Conference

i. It is the part of wisdom and Christian broth-
erhood that we, as a growing national movement,
cooperate actively and sympathetically with every
nation-wide welfare movement for the uplift,
directly or indirectly, of childhood. We urge
close touch with the national headquarters of
these agencies and acquaintance with their litera-
ture. We particularly mention the following two :

2. Cooperation with the Young Women's Chris-
tian Association is not only our duty and privilege
but is a wise policy closely affecting our work in
the community. Home life, domestic relations,

ADOPTED RESOLUTIONS 69

normal social life, all are bound up in such a
policy. The permanency of this cooperation is
largely dependent upon our relation to the na-
tional organization of the Young Women's Chris-
tian Association.

3. The importance of cooperation with the
County, State, and International Sunday School
organizations is here reiterated. Whenever pos-
sible, boys should be placed in Bible study under
qualified masculine leadership in the Sunday
school. Where this is not possible we should
bend every effort as Community Secretaries to
gather older boys in Bible study groups in homes,
clubs, or other places.

4. The sessions of the conference have em-
phasized the wisdom of our acquaintance with the
State law and municipal ordinances governing
matters pertaining to health, delinquency, educa-
tion, and all phases of child welfare. We urge
cooperation with all agencies having to do with
the formulating, interpreting, and enforcing of
these laws. We point out the necessity for the
codification of all such laws.

5. In relation to all matters pertaining to public
amusements, we urge less censorship and more
sympathetic cooperation that normal recreation
may be made possible to all, under wise super-
vision.

6. All sessions of this conference have em-
phasized the necessity of the coordination of the

70 COMMUNITY WORK

community's forces working for the welfare of
childhood. While this is true in every line, we
especially stress the value of all charitable efforts
being coordinated ; and deem it our privilege and
duty to help bring this about in our communities.

7. We believe in the great value and future
necessity of inter-church effort, and pledge our-
selves to do all we can to bring about as early as
possible a close working relationship between all
churches and all denominations for the sake of
the child.

8. In relation to all matters pertaining to the
so-called "social evil" we urge caution against
careless work and ill-advised effort. No educa-
tional effort is more needed and no evil should be
more firmly and wisely fought. At the same
time no problem calls for more prayerful and
statesmanlike work.

9. The conference has served to bring before us
with renewed emphasis the wisdom of a wider
use of the public schools. We recognize the right
of every tax-payer to the school equipment and
its privileges and shall bend our efforts to secur-
ing these as social and recreative centers for par-
ents and children of our communities.

10. We urge all the Community Secretaries to
become students of vocational guidance for older
boys, to recognize its fundamental value and to
cooperate in every way with employers of boys
to bring about a general recognition of the right

ADOPTED RESOLUTIONS 71

of every boy to 3uch guidance and to help make
it possible for the boy to secure it.

11. The present High School idea with its out-
growth, the School Student Christian Movement,
we recognize as the result of the careful study
of some years. Its practical value has been tested
and we adopt it as the basis of our effort among
High School boys in our communities.

Garden City Conference

1. The Committee emphasizes the essential im-
portance of the Training Center idea as set forth
by the Committee on Training Centers and
recommends the plan as suggested.

2. In order that the Young Men's Christian
Association Community Work both prospective
and present may avoid dangers in promotion and
organization, the Findings Committee recomr
mends careful study of the Chapter on Organiza-
tion. Because of the fundamental importance of
Membership and Constitution and By-Laws, we
call to your attention especially these topics in
Chapters VII and VIII.

3. The Committee recommends as a practical
program the plan for work among employed boys
as set forth by C. C. Robinson in his booklet
"A Plan of Building and Extension Work among
Employed Boys."

4. We as Community Workers covet the close

72 COMMUNITY WORK

cooperation of the Physical Department of the
International Committee and recommend that the
conference with Dr. Fisher, held here, be care-
fully followed up.

5. The Committee recommends that the Garden
City Conference of Community Secretaries go on
record as standing unqualifiedly for the establish-
ment of a Young Men's Christian Association
organization, and this with no uncertain note,
wherever Community Work is contemplated
under the auspices of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association.

6. We urge the careful thought and active
participation of all Community Secretaries in the
three year Summer School Training Course on
Community Work.

7. The fundamental institutions for the exten-
sion of the Kingdom of God in any community
are the Home, the Church, and the School, and
only to the extent to which we are able to assist
in vitalizing, socializing, spiritualizing, and coor-
dinating the program and activities of these insti-
tutions will we be successful in hastening the
coming of the Kingdom of God in a given com-
munity.

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL

ORGANIZATIONS AND

MOVEMENTS

Every Community Secretary should be in touch
with the following national and international or-
ganizations and movements and familiar with the
instructive leaflets and pamphlets they publish,
which may be obtained free or at a nominal cost.
The inclusion of an organization or movement in
this list does not indicate special commendation
or its omission any criticism. An omission some-
times means that the desired information was not
obtainable in time to be included.

Children

Big Brothers Movement, 200 Fifth Avenue, New

York City.
Boys' Department of the International Committee

of Young Men's Christian Associations,

124 East 28th Street, New York City.
Boy Scouts of America, 200 Fifth Avenue, New

York City.

74 COMMUNITY WORK

Camp Fire Girls of America, 461 Fourth Avenue,

New York City.
Child-Helping Department of the Russell Sage

Foundation, Room 616, 105 East 22nd Street,

New York City.

Purpose: To undertake certain lines of work in the
child-helping field; to furnish advice in the improve-
ment of existing child-helping agencies and in the
development of new plans. Studies are being made of
child-placing agencies in the United States.

Department of Child Hygiene, Russell Sage
Foundation, 105 East 22nd Street, New
York City.

Purpose: To conduct researches and promote activ-
ities favorable to the physical, moral and intellectual
welfare of children, especially public recreation and
the health and progress of school children. Lines of
study and investigation, public baths, public school
athletic leagues, Sunday school athletic leagues, play
festivals and pageants for the celebration of national
holidays, folk dancing, wider use of the school plants,
etc.

Federated Boys Clubs, 1 Madison Avenue, New
York City.

Purpose: By association of individuals and clubs to
promote the work of boys' clubs and to further the
formation of new clubs where needed; to supply men
for superintendents; to give advice and furnish liter-
ature.

Federation of Day Nurseries, 105 East 22nd

Street, New York City.

Purpose: To act as a general bureau for the col-
lection of information in regard to existing day nurs-

ORGANIZATIONS AND MOVEMENTS 75

eries, and for the publication and distribution of lit-
erature that would prove helpful to those desiring to
start new ones.

Home Garden Association, 612 St. Clair Avenue,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Report handsomely printed and illustrated on Home
Gardening.

National Child Labor Committee, 105 East 22nd
Street, New York City.

Purpose: To investigate and report the facts con-
cerning child labor; to raise the standard of public
opinion and parental responsibility with respect to
the employment of children; to assist in protecting chil-
dren by suitable legislation against premature or other-
wise injurious employment

National Child Welfare Committee, 206 Fifth

Avenue, New York City.
National Probation Officers' Association, City

Hall, St* Louis, Mo.
Playground Association of America, 1 Madison

Avenue, New York City.

Purpose: To increase the efficiency of playgrounds
already established and to establish playgrounds on
the right basis in cities and towns not having them.
It offers personal consultation and advice, provides
speakers and arranges for local institutes, publishes
lists of persons desiring playground positions, makes
statistics and experiences of various cities available,
loans lantern slides and playground models, prepares
bibliographies, etc., publishes the magazine The Play-
ground.

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Chil-
dren, 297 Fourth Avenue, New York City.

76 COMMUNITY WORK

City Problems

American Civic Association, 913-914 Union Trust
Building, Washington, D. C.

Purpose: To cultivate higher ideals of civic life and
beauty in America; to promote city, town and neigh-
borhood improvement; to secure the preservation and
development of landscape and the advancement of out-
door art. It aims to make living conditions clean,
healthful and attractive.

Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway,

New York City.
National City Planning Conference, 19 Congress

Street, Boston, Mass.
National Housing Association, 105 East 22nd

Street, New York City.

Purpose: To improve housing conditions, both urban
and suburban, in every practicable way.

National Municipal League, North American

Building, Philadelphia.
State Charities Aid Association, 105 East 22nd

Street, New York City.

Education

Conference for Education and Industry, 508
McLachlen Building, Washington, D. C

Educational Department of the International
Committee of Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciations, 124 East 28th Street, New York
City.

ORGANIZATIONS AND MOVEMENTS 77

National Education Association, Ann Arbor,

Mich.
National Society for the Promotion of Industrial

Education, 20 West 44th Street, New York

City.

Purpose: To arouse public attention to the need for
industrial education; to serve as a forum for the dis-
cussion of various problems involved and to print
and distribute studies of the special phases of the sub-
ject.

State Educational Board.

Bulletins on general industrial and trade education
are issued by your State Board. Write to the State
Director of Education.

Vocational Guidance Association, Teachers Col-
lege, Room 218, New York City.

Health

Aetna Life Insurance Company, 100 William
Street, New York City, and Hartford, Conn.

American Association for Study and Prevention
of Infant Mortality, 211 Cathedral Street,
Baltimore, Md.

American Association for the Study of the Feeble

Minded, Faribault, Minn.

Purpose: To discuss all questions relating to the
causes of feeblemindedness and the condition of the
feeble minded; to consider their management, training,
and education, and lend influence toward the establish-
ment of institutions for their care.

7& COMMUNITY WORK

American Federation for Sex Hygiene, 105 West

40th Street, New York City.
American Medical Association, 535 North Dear-

. born Street, Chicago, IU.

Purpose: To promote the science and art of medicine
and to endeavor to unite in one compact organization
the medical profession of the United States for the
purpose of fostering the growth and diffusion of med-
ical knowledge. Pamphlets on medical fakes and
fakers.

American School Hygiene Association, College

of the City of New York, New York City.

Anti-Cigarette League of America, 11 19

Woman's Temple, Chicago, 111.
Pamphlets on Clean Life.

Chicago Society of Social Hygiene, 100 State

Street, Chicago, 111.
American Red Cross Society, Union Trust

Building, Washington, D. C.

Purpose: To furnish aid to the sick and wounded of
armies in time of war ; to carry on in time of peace a
system of national and international relief for those
suffering f rom^ oestilence, famine, fire, flood, and other
national calamities, and to devise and carry on meas-
ures for preventing the same.

Committee on Prevention of Blindness of the
Russell Sage Foundation, 105 East 22nd
Street, New York City.

Purpose: To conduct a national campaign for the
prevention of blindness ; to ascertain the direct causes
of preventable blindness, and to take such measures

ORGANIZATIONS AND MOVEMENTS 79

in cooperation with the medical profession and others
as shall lead to the elimination of such causes.

Committee of One Hundred oh National Health,
105 East 22nd Street, New York City
(Room 51).

Committee on Tuberculosis, Charity Organiza-
tion Soeiety, 105 East 22nd Street, New
York City.

Pamphlets on "How to avoid tuberculosis," "How to
prevent tuberculosis/'

Fly Fighting Committee of America, Civic Asso-
ciation, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Leaflet "Kill Flies and Save Lives/'

Health Education League, 113 Devonshire Street,

Boston, Mass.
National Association for the Study arid Prevent

tion of Tuberculosis, 105 East 22nd Street,

New York.

Purpose: To study tuberculosis in all its forms and
relations; to disseminate knowledge concerning it; to
encourage its prevention and scientific treatment Tu-
berculosis pamphlets and cards in 18 languages.

National Committee for Mental Hygiene, 50

Union Square, New York City,
National Mouth Hygiene Association, 800 Scho-

field Building, Cleveland, Ohio.

Leaflets on the importance and suggestions for main-
taining healthy mouths.

8o COMMUNITY WORK

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, I Madi-
son Avenue, New York.
Health promotion pamphlets.

Oregon Social Hygiene Society, 719 Seeling

Building, Portland, Ore.
People's University Extension Society, 105 East

17th Street, New York City.

Health hints in English, German, Italian, Bohemian,
and Yiddish.

Physical Department of the International Com-
mittee of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciations, 124 East 28th Street New York
City.

Rockefeller Sanitary Commission, Union Trust

Building, Washington, D. C.

Purpose: The eradication of the hook worm dis-
ease.

Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis, 105

East 40th Street, New York City. *

Purpose: To limit the spread of diseases which
have their origin in the social evil; to study every
means, sanitary, moral, and administrative, which
promises to be effective for this purpose. Pamphlets
on sex instruction at cost.

Immigration

Division of Information, Department of Labor,
Washington, D. C.
Pamphlets on Naturalization of Aliens in the United

ORGANIZATIONS AND MOVEMENTS 81

States, The Opportunity, Constitution of the United
States, etc.

Immigration Restriction League, n Pemberton

Square, Boston, Mass.

Purpose: To secure needed legislation on emigra-
tion matters and proper enforcement of the laws; to
distribute information concerning conditions of immi-
gration.

National Conference of Immigration, 22 East

39th Street, New York City.
National Liberal Immigration League, 150

Nassau Street, New York City.

Purpose: To secure the proper regulation and better
distribution of immigration; to hold public meetings
and publish and distribute literature on immigration
and kindred subjects.

North American Civic League for Immigrants,
173 State Street, Boston, Mass.

"Message for Newcomers to the United States" and
! other leaflets.

Industry

American Association for Labor Legislation, 1

Madison Avenue, New York City.

Purpose: To investigate conditions underlying labor
legislation, and to collect and disseminate information
leading to greater care and uniformity in such legisla-
tion.

American Federation of Labor, 801 G Street,
N. W., Washington, D. C.

%2 COMMUNITY WORK

American Museum of Safety, 29 West 39th

Street, New York City.
Fidelity and Casualty Company, 92 Liberty

Street, New York City.
Industrial Department, International Committee

of Young Men's Christian Associations, 124

East 28th Street, New York City.
National Civic Federation, 1 Madison Avenue,

New York City.

Purpose: To organize the best brains of the nation
in an educational movement towards the solution of
some of the great problems relating to social and indus-
trial progress; to provide for study and discussions of
national import; to aid thus in the crystallization of
the most enlightened public opinion; and when desir-
able to promote legislation in accordance therewith.

National Consumers' League, 105 East 22nd

Street, New York City.
National Founders' Association, 915 Hammond

Building, Detroit, Mich.

Miscellaneous

American Institute of Social Service, Bible
House, Astor Place, New York City.

Purpose: To serve as a clearing house for facts,
experiences and ideas on social and industrial senti-
ments. Those interested may consult a large special-
ized library and a department of expert information
and may borrow books and documents so far as the
library contains duplicates. The Institute has several
thousand negatives on social subjects from which slides

ORGANIZATIONS AND MOVEMENTS 83

may be made to order, conducts a lectureship on social
subjects, arranges for special investigations. All its
services are free except special investigation.

American Peace Society, 31 Beacon Street, Bos-
ton, Mass.

Charity Organization Department, Russell Sage
Foundation, 105 East 22nd Street, New

York City.

Purpose: To extend charity organization work in
communities where it has not yet taken root and in
communities desiring to increase local efficiency; to
gather up the best experience of existing associated
charities or charity organization societies and give it
currency.

Carnegie Foundation, 576 Fifth Avenue, New

York City.
Council of Jewish Women, 3437 Paseo, Kansas

City, Mo.

Purpose: To bring about a union of Jewish women
for conference and work; to further united efforts
in behalf of Judaism and in the work of social better-
ment through religion, philanthropy, and education.

Efficiency Society, 25 West 39th Street, New

York City.

Government Publications, Washington, D. C.

International Peace Forum, 185 Madison Avenue,

New York City.
Speakers available.

International Reform Bureau, Washington, D. C.

84 COMMUNITY WORK

Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society,
174 Second Avenue, New York City.

National Board Young Women's Christian Asso-
ciation, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York
City.

National Committee on Prison Labor, 27 East
22nd Street, New York City.

National Conference of Charities and Correction,
Ft. Wayne, Ind.

Purpose: To diffuse trustworthy information and
stimulate right sentiment on the many difficult problems
of charity and correction, by holding public meetings
in various cities throughout the country.

National Conference of Jewish Charities, 411
West Fayette Street, Baltimore, Md.

Purpose: To discuss the problems of charity and to
promote reforms in the administration ; to provide uni-
formity of action and cooperation in all matters per-
taining to the relief and betterment of the Jewish poor.

National Conservation Association, Colorado

Building, Washington, D. C.
National Consumers' League, 105 East 22nd

Street, New York City.
National Congress of Mothers, 806 Washington

Loan and Trust Building, Washington, IX G.

Purpose: To raise the standards of home life; to
develop wiser, better trained parenthood; to bring into
closer- relation the home and the school; to secure by
legislation juvenile courts and probation officers; to
emphasize the community's duty to children, especially
the neglected and dependent. The Congress publishes
handbook and leaflets.

ORGANIZATIONS AND MOVEMENTS 85

National Short Ballot Organization, 383 Fourth

Avenue, New York City.
National Women's Trade Union League, 127

North Dearborn Street, Chicago, I1L
Society for the Suppression of Unnecessary

Noise, The Ansonia, 73rd Street and Broad-
way, New York City.
Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 15

Madison Avenue, New York City.
Travelers' Aid Society, 238 East 48th Street,

New York City.
Salvation Army, 120 West 14th Street, New

York City.
United States Life Saving Service, Washington,

D. C.

Pamphlet. Directions for restoring the apparently
drowned. May be obtained in limited quantities. State
the number wanted.

Volunteers of America, 34 West 28th Street,

New York City.
Women's Auxiliary Civil Service Reform

League, 287 Carroll Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Pamphlets for immigrants on American Government.
Summary of the United States Constitution, Honor in
Politics.

Religious

Church Association for the Advancement of the
Interests of Labor, 416 Lafayette Street,
New York City.

86 COMMUNITY WORK

Purpose: To interest the clergy and laity of the
church in the questions now being agitated; to inform
them as to the nature of the issues presented and to
be prepared to act as the necessities of the day may
demand.

Church Laymen's Union, 23 Union Square, New

York City.
Congregational Home Missionary Society, 287

Fourth Avenue, New York City.
Department of Social and Public Service, 25

Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

Purpose: To be of service to Unitarian churches or
to any other organizations and individuals who wish
it, in the conduct of their social work.

Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in
America, 215 Fourth Avenue, New York

City.

Purpose: To bring the Christian bodies of America
into united service for Christ and the world; to secure
for them a larger combined influence in all matters
affecting the moral and social conditions of the people.

Joint Commission on Social Service of Protestant

Episcopal Church, 281 Fourth Avenue, New

York City.
Methodist Federation for Social Service, 2512

Park Place, Evanston, 111.
Missionary Educational Movement, 156 Fifth

Avenue, New York City.
New York Sabbath Committee, Bible House,

New York City.
Speakers available.

ORGANIZATIONS AND MOVEMENTS 87

Religious Citizenship League, 82 Bible House,
New York City.

Religious Education Association, 72 East Madi-
son Street, Chicago, 111.

Social Service Bureau of the Board of Home
Missions of the Presbyterian Church, 156
Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Purpose: To interpret the church to working men
and working men to the church; to interpret employer
and employee to each other through education, inspira-
tion, mediation, evangelism, and Twentieth Century
methods of Christian work.

Social Service Commission of the Congregational
Churches, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

Temperance

Anti-Saloon League of America, Westerville,
Ohio.

Purpose: To secure the ultimate national suppres-
sion of the saloon in the United States and its pro-
gressive local repression as a means to that end. The
League publishes the "American Issue" and many
leaflets.

Church Temperance Society (Protestant Epis-
copal), 281 Fourth Avenue, New York City.

Leaflets on "Cut it Out," "What it Means to the
Working man."

International Reform Bureau (Temperance and
Social Purity), 206 Pennsylvania Ave., S.
W., Washington D. C.

88 COMMUNITY WORK

National Temperance Society, 373 Fourth Av-
enue, New York City.

"Employers Prefer Total Abstainers" and other liter-
ature supplied at cost.

National Woman's Christian Temperance Union,

Evanston, 111.
Scientific Temperance Federation, 23 Trull

Street, Boston, Mass.

i :

XVI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The office of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation promoting Community Work may in many
instances be the headquarters for a bureau of
information and clearing house for those agencies
and individuals working for the building of
Christian manhood and the moral uplift of the
community. This, then, necessarily means that
the best and latest material obtainable, abroad
and in this country, that has to do with the edu-
cational, social, economic, civic and religious life
of a community, must be secured, classified and
catalogued and the information made accessible
to those desiring it. A clearing house of this
character will also have a carefully chosen library
for Community leaders. The following list of
books are suggested as a nucleus around which
such a library may be built :

The Home

The Family, Mrs. Helen Bosanquet.
The Family and Social Work, E. T. Devine.
The Family: An Historical and Social Study, C. B.
and Mrs. C. F. Tbwing.

go COMMUNITY WORK

The Family in its Sociological Aspects, J. G. Dealey.

The Delinquent Child and the Home, S. P. Breck-
inridge and Edith Abbott.

Mendel's Principles of Heredity, William Bateson.

A Model Tenement House Law, Lawrence Veiller.

Heredity in Relation to Eugenics, C. B. Davenport.

Parenthood and Race Culture, C. W. Saleeby.

The Peril and the Preservation of the Home, Jacob
A. Riis.

Modern Housing in Town and Country, James
Cornes.

Tenement House Problem, R. G. DeForest and Law-
rence Veiller.

Boy Problems in the Home, W. B. Forbush.

Training of Parents, E. H. Abbott.

The Church

The Challenge of the City, Josiah Strong.

Social Salvation, Washington Gladden.

Christianizing the Social Order, Walter Rauschen-
busch.

Efficiency in Religious Work, W. H. Allen.

The Social Engineer, Edwin Lee Earp.

Jesus Christ and the Civilization of To-day, J. A.
Leighton.

The Country Church and the Rural Problem, Ken-
yon Leach Butterfield.

Administration of an Institutional Church, George
Hodges and John Reichet.

Sunday School and the Teens, John L. Alexander.

Boy and the Sunday School, John L. Alexander.

The Minister and the Boy, Allan Hoben.

Boy and the Church, Eugene Clifford Foster.

Starting to Teach, Eugene Clifford Foster.

The Open Church for the Unchurched, J. E. Mc-
Culloch.

Teaching of Bible Classes, Edwin Francis See.

Jesus Christ and the Social Question, Francis
Greenwood Peabody.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 91

The Churches and the Wage Earners, Clarence

Bertrand Thompson.
Our Big Boys and the Sunday School, A. H. Mc-

Kinney.

The School

Health and Medical Inspection of School Children,

Walter Stewart Cornell.
Medical Inspection of Schools, Luther H. Gulick and

Leonard P. Ayres.
Wider Use of the School Plant, Clarence A. Perry.
Ethical and Moral Instruction in Schools, George

H. Palmer.
Laggards in Our Schools, Leonard P. Ayres.
Among School Gardens, M. Louise Greene.
The Social Center, Edward J. Ward.
Association Educational Work for Men and Boys,

George B. Hodge.
Annals of Educational Progress during the Year

1910 and Following Years, J. P. Garber.
Helping School Children, Elsa Denison.
The High School Movement Series.

(Set of four pamphlets, Association Press.)

The Municipality

Playground Technique and Playcraft, Arthur Le-
land and L. H. Leland.

English for Coming Americans, Peter Roberts.
(Teacher's Manual and 1st and 2nd Readers.)

English for Coming Canadians, Peter Roberts.
(Teacher's Manual and 1st and 2nd Readers.)

Field Day and Play Picnics for Country Children,
Myron T. Scudder.

Preventive Treatment of Neglected Children, Hast-
ings H. Hart.

The Care of Destitute, Neglected and Delinquent
Children, Homer Folks.

Efficient Democracy, W. H. Allen.

Modern Civic Art, C M. Robinson.

92 COMMUNITY WORK

Civic Bibliography for Greater New York, J. B. Rey-
nolds.

Improvement of Towns and Cities, C. M. Robinson.

Juvenile Courts and Probation, Bernard Flexner and
R. N. Baldwin.

The Modern City, Frederic C Howe.

The Almshouse, Construction and Management,
Alexander Johnson*

Constructive and Preventive Philanthropy, Joseph
Lee.

The Handbook of Settlements, Robert A. Woods and
Albert J. Kennedy.

The Boy

Boy Training, J. L. Alexander.

Youth, G. Stanley Hall.

Studies in Adolescent Boyhood, H. M. Burr.

Boy Life and Self Government, G. W. Fiske.

Problems of Child Welfare, G. B. Mangold.

The Child, A Study in the Evolution of Men,

A. F. Chamberlain.
Child Labor and the City Streets, E. N. Clopper.
Boy and His Gang, J. A. Puffer.
Choosing a Vocation, Frank Parsons.
Vocational Guidance of Youth, Meyer Bloomfield.
Youth and the Race, E. J. Swift
Scout Masters' Hand Book.
Boy Scout Manual.

Indoor Games and Socials for Boys, G. C. Baker.
Social Activities, A. M. Chesley.

The Girl

The Century of the Child, Ellen Key.

The Education of the Child, printed separately,
is an excerpt from the Century of the Child.

Wage-Earning Women, Dr. A. M. MacLean.

Telling Bible Stories, L. S. Houghton.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 93

Girls and Education, L. R. Briggs.

The American Woman and Her Home, Mrs. A. L.

Hillis.
The Gsrl in Her Teens, Margaret Slatterv.
The Girl and Her Religion, Margaret Sfattery.
He Took It Upon Himself, Margaret Slattery.
Training the Girl, Wm. A. McKeever.
Christian Citizenship for Girls, Helen Thoburn.
Woman's Share in Social Culture, Anna Garlin

Spencer.
Young Working Girls, R. A. Woods and A. JV

Kennedy.
The Girl and Her Chance, Harriet M. Daniels.
The Delinquent Child and the Home, S. P. Breck-

enridge and Edith Abbott.
Handbook of the Y. W. C. A. Movement.
College Women and Country Leadership Jessie

Field.
Ethics for Children, Ella L. Cabot.
Everyday Ethics, Ella L. Cabot.
Working Girls in Evening Schools, Mary VanKleeck.

Summer Camps

Camping for Boys, H. W. Gibson.
Camp and Outing Activities, F. H. Cheley and G. C
Baker.

Leadership

The Future Leadership of the Church, John R.

Mott.
Leadership, C. H. Brent.
Leadership of Bible Study Groups, H. H. Home.

StoryTelling

Story of Roland, James Baldwin,

Stories of Norse Heroes, E. M. Wilmot-Bttxfcn*

Merry Adventures: of Robin Hood, Howard ~_Pyle, _i

* • •

94 COMMUNITY WORK

Story of King Arthur and His Knights, Howard

Pyle.
How to Tell Stories to Children, Sara Cone Bryant.
Story Telling — What to Tell and How to Tell It,

E. Lyman.
The Art of Story Telling, J. D. Cowles.

Sex Education

Christian Approach to Social Morality, R. C. Cabot.
Social Emergency; Stories in Sex Hygiene and

Morals, W. J. Foster.
Plea for the Younger Generation, Cosmo Hamilton.
Three Gifts of Life: A Girl's Responsibility for

Race Progress, N. M. Smith.
Sex Education, I. S. Wile.
From Youth to Manhood, W. S. Hall.
The Rational Sex Life for Men, Max Exner.

Social Evil

New Conscience and an Ancient Evil, Jane Addams.
Prostitution in Europe, Abraham Flexner.
Commercial Prostitution in New York City, G. J.
Kneeland.

Unclassified

Spirit of Youth and the City Streets, Jane Addams.
Immigration Problem, J. W. Jenks and W. J. Lauck.
The Church and the Labor Movement, Charles

Stelzle.
Principles of Relief, E. T. Devine.
The Junior Republic, W. R. George.
Twenty Years at Hull House, Jane Addams.
The Making of an American, Jacob A. Riis.
How the Other Half Lives, Jacob A. Riis.
Poverty, Robert Hunter,
Misery and Its Causes, E. T. Devine.
Christianity and Amusements, Richard H. Edwards.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 95

Popular Amusements, Richard H. Edwards.

New Democracy, W. E. Weyl.

Quest of the Best, W. D. Hyde.

Psychological Principles of Education, H. H. Home.

Idealism in Education, H. H. Home.

Our World, Josiah Strong.

The New Basis of Civilization, S. N. Patten.

Sin and Society, E. A. Ross.

Child for Christ, A. H. McKinney.

The Liquor Problem, Norman Richardson.

The Drink Problem, Richard H. Edwards.

The Spirit of Social Work, E. T. Devine.

Evolution and Its Relation to Religious Thought,
Joseph Le Conte.

The Social Basis of Religion, S. N. Patten.

Negro Life in the South, W. D. Weatherford.

Fatigue and Efficiency, Josephine Goldmark.

Point of Contact in Teaching, Patterson Du Bois.

Principles of Teaching, E. L. Thorndike.

Habit Formation and the Science of Teaching, S. H.
Rowe.

Games for the Playground, Home, School and Gym-
nasium, J. H. Bancroft.

Graded Calisthenics and Dumb Bell Drills, A. B.
Wegener.

Robert's Classified Exercises, A. K. Jones.

Gymnastic Games, A. M. Chesley.

Graded Gymnastic Exercises, Physical Directors'
Society.

At Home in the Water, George H. Corsan.

Community Work of the Young Men's Christian
Association, Frank H. T. Ritchie.

Magazines

American Youth, 124 East 28th Street, New York.
Association Men, 124 East 28th Street, New York.
Rural Manhood, 124 East 28th Street, New York.
Physical Training, 124 East 28th Street, New York
City.

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