®fy B.3I. Hiii ICihrarg
Nortti (Earnima §>tatr
(Enllrgr
This book was presented by
B. W. Wells
THIS BOOK MUST NOT BE TAKEN
FROM THE LIBRARY BUILDING.
COMPENDIUM
FLOJLE PHILADELPHIA:
CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION
OF THE
I
INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED PLANTS
POUND
WITHIN A CIRCUIT OF TEN MILES AROUND
PHILADELPHIA.
BY
WILLIAM P. C. BARTON, If. D.
surgeon nr the r. states' navy, and of the naval hospital
AT PHILADELPHIA; AND PROFESSOR. OF BOTANY IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
IX TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
PHILADELPHIA :
PUBLISHED BY M. CAREY AXD SOX.
NO. 126, CHESNUT STREET.
J. R, A. Skerrett, Printer.
1818.
Eastern District cf Pennsylvania, to toit :
BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the ninth day of July, in
the forty -third year of the Independence of the United States
of America, A. D. 1818, William P. C. Barton, M. 1). of the
said District, hath deposited in this office the title of a Book,
the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following,
to wit:
"Compendium Flora: Philadelphicae : Containing a description of
the Indigenous and Naturalized Plants found -within a circuit of
ten miles around Philadelphia. By William P. C. Barton, M.D.
Surgeon in the U. States' Navy, and of the Naval Hospital at
Philadelphia; and Professor of Botany in the University of
Pennsylvania. In treo volumes."
In conformity to the act of the congress of the United
States, entitled " An Act for the encouragement of learning,
by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the au-
thors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein
mentioned ;" and also to the act entitled, " An Act supplemen-
tary to an act entitled, ' An Act for the encouragement of learn-
ing, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books to the
authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times there-
in mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts
of designing, engraving and etching historical and other
prints."
D. CALDWELL,
Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
Blo!o~y £
POLYANDRIA.
TILIA.
HELIANTHEMUM.
PORTULACA.
CHELIDONIUM.
SANGUINARIA.
PODOPHYLLUM.
ACTJEA.
SARRACENIA.
NUPHAR.
NYMPH^EA.
AQUILEGIA.
C1MICIFUGA.
ASCYRUM.
HYPERICUM.
ELODEA.
MAGNOLIA.
L1RIODENDRON.
PORCELIA.
CLEMATIS.
ANEMONE.
THALICTRUM.
HYDRASTIS.
CALTHA.
HEPATICA.
RANUNCULUS.
BRASENIA.
CYAMUS.
VOL. II.
(> KM ;♦» (^> r- 9,
C 6 ]
CLASS XII.— POLY ANDRIA:
ORDER I. MONOGYNIA.
237. T1LTA. Gen. pi. 894. (Tiliacex.)
Calix inferior, 5-parted, deciduous. Petals
5. Immature capsule 5-celled, 5-valved,
cells 1 or 2-seeded ; mature capsule cori-
aceous, globose, 1 -seeded, bursting at the
base. — JSTntt.
glabra. l. T.leaves suborbiculate, cordate, abruptly acumi-
nate, narrow!}; serrate, subcoriaceous, smooth;
petals truncate at the end, crenate, the style
nearly equal to the petals \ nut ovate, subcos-
tate. — Ventenat.
T. Americana, Willd.
T. Caroliniana, Wangh. Amer. 56. (Pursh.)
T. Canadensis, Mich.
Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 311. t. 1.
Lime-tree. Linden-tree. Bass-wood. Spoon-wood.
A well-known tree under the above appellations. Frequent
on the country seats of this neighbourhood, and planted occa-
sionally in the streets of this city. \ . May, June.
238. HELTANTHEMUM. Juss. Gen. pi. 326. (Cisti.)
Segments of the calix mostly unequal, the %
exterior smaller. Petals 5. Capsule, su-
perior, 1 -celled, 3-valved, valves septife-
rous in the centre.— -Nutt.
canadense. 1. H. without stipules, erect; leaves alternate,
erect, linear-lanceolate, flat, tomentose beneath;
racemes terminal, few-flowered ; calicine seg-
POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 7
ments broad, ovate-acuminate; capsules shorter
than the calix. — WilUL and Pursh.
Cistus Canadensis, L.
Rock-rose.
From ten inches to a foot high. Flowers large, yellow; pe-
tals spreading. In dry woods, Jersey, every where common.
Perennial. June.
2« H. without stipules, erect, powdery -tomentose ; ramuiiflo-
leaves alternate, oblong, acute, rcvolute on the"1
margin, tomentose beneath ; racemes very short,
above sub-3-flovvered, calicine segments orbi-
culate-powdery, capsules globose, the length of
the calix. — Mich, and Pursh.
Mecandra ramis alternis, Clayt. fl. Virg. 20.
From a span to ten inches high. An ordinary looking plant,
with very small flowers, also yellow. In sandy commons and
fields of Jersey, about five or eight miles below the city, fre-
quent. In a sandy, grassy lawn, Jersey, about a quarter of a
mile south-east of the ferry, opposite Gloucester point ; very
abundant. Perennial. July.
3. H. without stipules, erect, branched, finely pu- comnbosum.
bescent; leaves alternate, lanceolate, hoary-to-
mentose beneath ; corymbs fastigiate, crowded,
many-flowered; calicine segments ovate-acute;
capsules scarcely longer than the calix. — Mich.
Resembles No. 2, exceedingly. Flowers sometimes apetal-
ous, in which state it resembles Lechea major. Grows with
No. 2. Perennial. June to August.
239. PORTULACA. Gen. pi. 824. (Portulacea.)
Calix inferior, bifid. Petals 5. Capsule 1-
celled, opening circularly. Recejrtacle un-
connected, 5-lobed. — JWtt.
1. V. leaves cuneiform, flowers sessile. — JVilld. oieracea.
Icon. Schkuhr. handb. 130. (Pursh.)
8 POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
Purslane.
A well-known pot-herb, common in gardens and wastes.
July.
240. CHELTDONIUM. Gei^ pi. 880. (Papaverace(e.)
Calix &-leaved, deciduous. Petals 4. Stig-
ma small and bifid, sessile. Silique su-
perior, &-valved, 1 -celled, linear. Dissejri-
ment none. Seeds many, crested. — JSTutt,
inajus. 1. C. leaves alternate, pinnate, lobate; umbels ax-
illary, pedunculated. — Willd.
Icon. FI. Dan. 542. Engl. Bot. 1581.
Celandine.
As well-known as the preceding", and equally common
among1 rubbish ; and, along- the banks of the Wissahickon and
Schuylkill, appearing" to grow wild. It is however introduced,
though completely naturalized. It is hardly necessary to
mention the reputed power of the juice of this plant, which is
so universally believed to cure warts. It is, for this purpose
inefficacious. Perennial, May.
241. SANGUINARIA. Gen. pi. 878. {Papaveracece'.)
Calix S-leaved, deciduous. Petals 8. Stig-
ma sessile, ^-grooved. Capsule superior,
oblong, 1 -celled, S-valved, apex attenu-
ated. Receptacles £, filiform, marginal.
— -Nutt.
canadensis, i. S. leaves subreniform, sinuate-lobate, scape
one-flowered. — Willd.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 162. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med.
U. S. vol. 1. t. 2.
Blood-root. Puccoon. Indian Paint. Turmeric, fyc.
This elegant plant is admirable for its delicacy, and inter-
esting from the circumstance of its very early inflorescence.
POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
The root is powerfully medicinal. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.)
On the edges of rich woods, every where common west of the
Delaware. Perennial. April, May.
242. PODOPHYLLUM. Gen. pi. 879. (Ranunculacex.)
Calix 3-leaved. Petals 9. Stigma crenate,
sessile. Capsule superior, 1 -celled, many-
seeded, becoming an ovate berry. Recep-
tacle unilateral, large and pulpy. — Nutt.
1. P. stem one-flowered ; leaves peltate, palmate, pcitatum.
lobes cuneate, incised.
Icon. Catesb. Car. 1. t. 24.
May Apple. Mandrake. Wild Lemon.
A very important medicinal plant, extensively diffused
throughout the U. States. Fruit yellow, esculent and palata-
ble ; leaves deleterious. About a foot or fourteen inches high ;
stem supporting a single white spreading flower, and two
large leaves. The leaves are frequently maculated with
brown discolourations. The root properly prepared, is equal
to jalap. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S ) In moist shady situa-
tions, growing in great quantities together, every where com-
mon, west of the Delaware. Perennial. May.
.243. ACTJEA. Gen. pi. 877. (Rosacea:.)
Calix 4-leaved, diciduous. Petals 4, often
wanting. Style none ; stigma capitate.
Berry superior, 1-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds semi-orbicular. Receptacle unila-
teral.— J\*utt.
1. A. leaves decompound ; folioles oblong, gradu- Americana.
ally acute, cut-serrate ; raceme ovate, petals
shorter than the stamens. — Pursh.
A. spicata, Mich.
A. rubra, Willd. enum.
Herb Christopher. Cohosh.
About two feet high. On the high banks of the Wissahick-
on, not far from Germantown. Rare. Perennial, April, May.
2#
10 POLYANDRIA, MOXOGYNIA.
244. SARRACENIA. Gen. pi. 885. ( Plant* incerU sedis.)
Calix double, exterior smaller 3 -leaved, in-
terior 5 -leaved, both persistent. Petals 5,
deciduous, erect, spreading from about the
middle. Stigma very large and persist-
ent, clypeate, covering the stamina, mar-
gin pentangular. Capsule 5 -celled, 5-valv-
ed, many-seeded, valves septiferous in the
centre. — JVutt.
purpurea. 1. S. leaves short, with an inflated gibbous tube,
the mouth constricted, ventral-wing broad-arch-
ed, appendix erect, subreniforin, cordate, muti-
cate, sessile. — Mich, and Willd.
Icon. Barton's Elements of Botany. Bot.
Mag. 849. Catesby. Car. 2. t. 70.
Side-saddle Flower,
A very curious and elegant plant. Leaves hollow, and ven-
tricose, generally half filled with water and dead insects.
Flowers reddish purple. The old leaves often purple, and
conspicuously veined with the same colour. In the low bogs
and sphagnous marshes of Jersey, ten miles south-east of Phi-
ladelphia. In the bogs of the woodlands ; very rare. Peren-
nial. June, July.
245. NUPHAR. Smith, prodr. fl. grsc. 1. p. 361.
(Hydrocharides.)
Calix 5 or 6-leaved. Petals many, minute,
inserted with the stamina upon the recep-
tacle, externally nectariferous. Stigma
orbicular, radiated, sessile. Capsule car-
nose, many-celled, many- seeded, superior.
— Nutt.
advcna. 1. N. leaves erect, cordate, very entire ; lobes di-
varicate, calix 6-leaved, stigma slightly umbi-
licate, lS-radiate, pericarp furrowed. — ML ICew.
2d. ed.
POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 11
Nymphsea ad vena, Willd.
N. aritblia, Salisbury.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 684. Willd. hort. berol. 38.
Splatter-dock.
From two to three feet high, with very large leaves. In
great profusion on the marshy shores of the Delaware, Schuyl-
kill, and all other waters in our neighbourhood, covering the
shores for miles together in extent. Also in ditches, very
common. Flowers yellow, globular. Perennial. July, August.
2. N. leaves cordate, lobes approximating, calix Kaimiana.
5-leaved, stigma incised, S-12-rayeu. — Jit.
Kew. ed. 2d.
Nymphaea Kaimiana, Bot. Mag.
N. lutea, 0 Kaimiana, Mich.
N. microjjhylla, Pers.
N. lutea, Walt.
N. minima, Mulil., but not N. lutea, var. minima,
Willd.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 1243.
Small water Lily.
Leaves floating, one -third as large as the preceding; flow--,'
crs yellow, also floating; about half an inch in diameter. In a
pool on the east shore of the Schuylkill, about a mile south of
the falls ; very rare. I have not found it in any other locality.
Perennial. July, August.
246. NYMPHiEA. Gen. pi. 886. (ffydroc/uirides.)
Calix 4 or 5-leaved. Petals many, inserted
upon the germ beneath the stamina. Stig-
ma orbicular, radiated, sessile, nectarife-
rous in the centre. Capsule carnose, many-
celled, many-seeded, superior. — JYutt.
1. N. leaves orbiculate-cordate, very entire, sub-odoiata
emarginate, the lobes divaricate, with a blunt
point ; calix 4-leaved. — Jilt, and Willd.
12
POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA.
N. alba, Mich, and Walt.
Castalia pudica, Salisbury.
Jeon. Bot. Mag. 819. Bot. Repos. 297?
Fragrant water Lily,
A very beautiful aquatic plant, with white flowers, which
exhale a delicious fragrance. Leaves and flowers floating1 on
the surface of the water. In a ditch on the road to Gloucester
point, and in ditches in Jersey ; rare. Perennial. July.
ORDER II. DI-PENTAGYNIA. (2 to 5 styles.)
247. AQU1LEGIA. Gen. pi. 934. (Ranuncvlacex.)
Calix none. Petals 5. Lepanthia 5, corni-
culate, situated between the petals. Cap-
sules 5, distinct. — Natt.
canadensis. 1. A. horns straight, stamens exserted.— Willd.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 246. ^
American Columbine.
This is one of the most elegant plants of America, far ex-
ceeding" in beauty the common foreign columbine, so gene-
rally cultivated in gardens. From one to two feet high. Flow-
ers scarlet and crimson, mixed with yellow. On the hjtfi rocks
of the Schuylkill and Wissahickon, every where Amun ;
grows frequently in crevices, where the roots seem tWiave no
earth for their nourishment. Perennial. April, May. .
| raceraosa.
248. CIMICIFUGA. Gen. pi. 193. (Ranunculace*.)
Calix 4 or 5-leaved. Petals 4 to 8 deformed,
thickish, sometimes wanting. Capsules 1
to 5, oblong, many-seeded. Seeds squa-
mose. — Nutt.
1. C. leaves decompound, folioles ovate-oblong,
incised, dentate 5 teeth mucronate, divaricate 5
POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAG YNI A. 1 3
racemes virgatcly paniculate, elongated ; flow-
era sub-monogynous, capsules ovate. — Pursh,
Cimicifuga serpentaria, Pursh.
AcUea raccmosa, Willd.
A. monogyna, Walt.
Icon. Pluk. almath, t. 383. f. 3.
Black Snake-root. Rich-weed, <§'c.
A very fine looking- plant, from three to five feet high,
bearing a profusion of white flowers, on numerous long spikes
or racemes. The root is medicinal. In rich woods, very com-
mon. Perennial. July.
249. ASCYRUM. Gen. pi. 1225. {Hyperica.)
Calix 4-lcaved ; the 2 interior cordate and
larger. Petals 4. Filaments disposed in 4
parcels. Capsule oblong, 1 -celled, S-valy-
ed, included in the calix. (Styles % or 3.)
— J\Tutt.
1. A. many-stemmed, diffuse; leaves lanceolate- muticaule-
oblong, obtuse; corymb terminal, flowers sub-
sessile, digynous; stem subterete. — JFUUl.
A. multicaule, Mich.
A. Crux Andrea, Pursh.
Many-stemmed St, Peter9 s-wort.
Under twelve inches high; stems very numerous ; flowers
pale-yellow, with narrow petals. In the woods of Jersey, very
requent; also on the woody banks of the Wissahickon. Pe-
[nnial. July.
A. erect, branched; branches ancipital, leaves hypemcMo
oblong, biglandulous at base; flowers terminal,
solitary, shortly pedicellate, trigynous. — Willd,
and Pursh,
A. stans, Mich.
About twelve or fourteen inches high; flowers large. The
whole plant has the aspect of Hypericum. In the woods of
Jersey with Xo. 1, frequent, \ • July, August.
POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYN1A.
250. HYPERICUM. Gen. pi. 1224. {Hyperica.)
Calix 5-parted, segments equal. Petals 5.
Stamina numerous, scarcely united at the
base. Capsule roundish ; cells equal with
the number of styles; 1, 2, 3, and 5. —
Nutt.
1. II. erect, branched; stem ancipital, leaves ob-
long, obtuse, transparently dotted ; panicle ter-
minal, brachiate-leafy ; petals longer than the
acute-lanceolate calix. — Willd. and Purslu
H. Virginicum, Walt.
Icon! Fl. Dan. 1043. Eng.Bot. 295. Curt. Fl.
Lond.
Common St. John's-wort.
About a foot or eighteen inches high ; flowers as in all the
following species, yellow. This plant has become a most pes-
tiferous weed, every where throughout the Union. It is ac-
cused of injuring horses. Introduced originally from Europe.
In fields, and by road and fence sides, every where unfortu-
nately, abundant. Perennial. From June till August.
2. H. erect, very smooth ; leaves oblong ; pani-
cle naked, dichotomous; all the forks one-flow-
ered; styles coalescing, capsule globose. — Mich.
H. sphserocarpuin, Mich. ?
About ten or twelve inches high. Flowers pale-yellow,
small. This plant may not be the H. sphserocarpum of Mich.,
but it comes very near it; and for the present I have thought^
with Mr. Nuttall, that it had best be referred to that species.
On the borders of a ditch, surrounding a meadow on the east
side of the road to Woodbury, near the " canseivay" abun-
dant. I have found it no where else. It has also been found in
Jersey, by Mr. Collins. Perennial. June, July.
3. H. erect; stem four-angled, leaves oblong,
acute, narrowly sessile; panicle terminal, di-
chotomous; branches divaricate, with the flow-
ers arranged on them distantly alternate;
POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA. 15
calices subcampanulate, segments lanceolate,
acute, carinated below almost as long as the
corolla; petals with one lateral tooth. — Willd.
and Pursh.
H. denticulatum, Walt.
Stem erect, simple ; from a span to twelve inches high,
four sided. Leaves from a quarter to a half-inch long-, and lit-
tle better than an eighth of an inch broad ; oblong-acute and
very closely sessile or semi-amplexicaule. Flowers the size of
those of No. 1, and of a fine fulvous or copper-colour. Up the
Delaware, eight miles from Philadelphia, rare ; Mr. Collins.
Perennial. June, July.
4. H. stem erect, ancipital immediately below each aiipressum.
pair of leaves, roundish towards the root. Leaves
opposite, closely sessile; lanceolate-obtuse, fine-
ly punctated with pellucid dots ; leaves of the
brandies numerous, crowded, sub-linear, ob-
tuse. Cymes crowded with small acute leaves;
flowers terminal and axillary, monogynous, pe-
tals obtuse, entire. Capsules sub-conoid. B.
Hypericum, No. 6. Bart. Prod. Fl. Phil. p. 74.
A very elegant species, from one foot to two and an half
feet high. The branches are divaricating, slender, appresssed
and frequently inflexed or curved downward, and crowded
with numerous leaves much narrower than the stem leaves,
less obtuse, and even inclining to acute. From the axills of the
stem leaves proceeds a cluster of five or six sub-linear obtuse
leaves, which appear to arise from abortive branches. The
flowers are yellow, about the size of those of No. 7. I disco-
vered this new species, about four years since, in a rich, wet,
or swampy meadow on the lower edge of Landsdown grounds,
.close to the Schuylkill, and not far above Breck's island. It
grows there in profusion, but I have not found it elsewhere.
It stands in my Prodromus, (No. 6.) without a name, not being
certain at the time I published that work, that it was unde-
scribed, although I could not find it to fit any of the described
species. Mr. Collins has also found this plant in this neigh-
bourhood. Perennial. July.
5. H. erect, small, small-flowered; stem four-an- canadensc.
gled, dichotomous above; leaves sessile, linear,
attenuated at the base: the primary branches
16 POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA.
of the panicle opposite, the secondary dichoto-
mous; capsules long, conoid, coloured. — Willd,
Slender St. John's-wort.
A very delicate species, with exceedingly small flowers;
and bright red capsules. From a span to twelve inches high.
In bogs, swamps, and low wet meadows; every were extreme-
ly common. Annual. June, July.
parviflorum. 6. H. erect, very much branched, glabrous; stem
sub-f'our-angled; leaves ovate-oblong, subcor-
date, obtuse, nerved, sessile; panicles terminal,
dichotomal-corymbose, petals shorter than the
lanceolate calix. — Willd.
H. quinquenervium, Walt. Sp. PI. 3. p. 1456.
H. mutilum, Willd. Sp. PI. 3. p. 1471.
This species resembles No. 4, somewhat, particularly in the
size of the flowers ; but may easily be known by its leaves,
which are twice or thrice as broad as those of No. 4, and it
never has red capsules. In wet grassy places, and in company
with No. 4; also very common. Perennial. July till August.
, torymbosum, 7. H. erect, glabrous, dotted with black; stem te-
rete, branched; leaves amplcxicaule, oblong-
oval, obtuse, corymbs terminal, bracheate
thickly flowered, calicine segments lanceolate-
acute. — Willd, and Fursh.
H. maculatum, Walt.
H. punctatum, Lamark.
Black spotted St. John's-wort.
About fourteen inches high; resembles No. 1, exceedingly,
but may be easily known from it by the numerous black punc-
tated leaves, and the much smaller flowers. In shady woods
and on rocks, common. Perennial. June, July.
251. ELODEA. Adanson. (Hyperica.)
Calix 5-parted, equal. Petals 5, claws nec-
tariferous. Filaments 9 to 15, growing to-
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. ir
gether in 3 parcels. Glands between the
parcels. Styles 3, divergent. Capsule part-
ly 3-celled, many-seeded. — Nutt.
1. E. leaves sessile, amplexicaule, cordate-oblong, virgmica.
very obtuse ; fascicles pedunculated, few-flower-
ed, axillary and terminal ; corollas sub-campa-
nulate, stamens 9 — 12, very smooth, enlarged at
their base. — Pursh.
Elodea campanulata, Pursh.
Hypericum campanulatum, Walt.
Hypericum Virginicum, L.
Icon. Bot. Repos. 552.
From twelve to fourteen inches high- Flowers reddish and
yellow, handsome ; leaves and the whole plant sometimes deep
crimson-red. In bogs and swamps of Jersey, common ; not so
frequent west of the Delaware. Perennial. July to August.
2. E. leaves petiolated, oblong-oval, rotund-ob- petioiata.
tuse; flowers opposite, axillary, subsessile, sub-
ternate; stamens connate as far as the middle,
capsules oblong. — Pursh,
Hypericum petiolatum, Walt.
H. axillare, Mich.
Also a handsome species, for which I am indebted to Mr.
Collins, not having met with it myself. Found by him two
years ago, on the margin of the Schuylkill, near its mouth.
Perennial.
ORDER III. POLYGYNIA.
252. MAGNOLIA. Gen. pi. 942. (Magnolia.)
Calix 3-leaved. Petals 6 to 9. Capsules
2-valved, 1 -seeded, imbricated in a cone.
Seeds pendulous, arillate. — Nutt.
1. M. leaves oval, glaucous beneath, petals obo-giauca.
vate, attenuated at base. — Willd.
VOL. II. 3
18
tulipifera.
triloba.
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 77. Bart.
Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 7.
Small Magnolia. Swamp Sassafras. Sweet Baij.
Swamp Laurel. Beaver-wood, Sfc.
An elegant and favourite little tree, bearing fine fragrant
cream-coloured flowers. In bogs and swamps, woods and
thickets, Jersey ; common. The bark is medicinal. (See Veg.
Mat. Med. U. S.) ^ . May to July.
253. LIRIODENDRON. Gen. pi. 941. (Magnolia.)
Calix 3-leaved. Petals 6. Samarce sublan-
ceolate, 1 or 2- seeded, imbricated in a
cone.-— Nutt.
1. L. leaves cut-truncate, 4-lobed, calix triphyl-
lous. — Mich.
Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 202. Bart.
Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 8.
Tulip-tree*
American Poplar.
Poplar.
White, and Yellow
This magnificent and stately tree is well known to most
persons. Its foliage is curious, its flowers elegant, its wood
highly useful, and its bark medicinal. (See Veg. Mat. Med.
U. S.) On the borders of rich woods, and in fields ; common.
\ . June, July.
254. PORCELIA. Persoon. {Anonx.)
Calix 3 -leaved. Petals 6. Stigmas sessile,
obtuse. Berries (1 or more) large, cylin-
dric or ovate, many seeded. Seeds aril-
late, attached to the internal suture. —
JSTutt.
1. P. leaves smoothish, oblong-cuneate-obovate;
exterior petals orbicular, fruit large, fleshy. —
Pers.
Porcelia triloba, Pers.
Anona triloba, Willd.
Orchidocarpum, Arietinum, Mich.
Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 161.
POLYANDRIA, FOLYGYNIA. 19
Papaw. Custard-apple.
Papaw-tree is very rare in this vicinity, and here its fruit
seldom comes to maturity. It is a very small tree, with deep
brown unhandsome flowers, and an oblong fleshy esculent fruit,
about three inches long, and one and a half in diameter. On
the AVissahickon; and on the road to the falls of Schuylkill,
west side of the river, and about three miles south of the falls ;
scarce. ^ . April, May.
255. CLEMATIS. Gen. pi. 960. (Ranunculace<e.)
Calix none. Petals % more rarely 5. Seeds
compressed, caudate, cauda mostly plu-
mose.
1. C climbing ; leaves ternate, folioles ovate sub- virginiana. w
cordate, cut-dentate, andlobed; corymbs diclio-
tomous, few-flowered, petals longer than the
stamens, flowers dioicous. — TVilld. and Pursh.
Virgin's Bower, Traveller's Joy.
A fine climbing plant, supporting itself by winding' the pe-
tioles around other plants. Flowers white, fragrant. Seed
furnished with a long silken or feather cauda, which gives a
handsome appearance to the plant in fruit. In thickets,
hedges and shrubberries, near water ; common. \ • June,
July.
256. ANEMONE. Gen. pi. 948. (Ranunculace*.)
Calix none. Petals 5 to 9, or more. Seeds
many.
1. A. flowers umbellate, involucrate ; radical thaiictroidcs.
leaves biternate, folioles subcordate, 5-toothed;
involucre 6-leaved, folioles petiolate, umbel few-
flowered, seeds naked, striate ; root tuberous. —
Willd. and Pursh.
Thalictrum anemonoides, Mich.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 866. Annates, du. mus. S. t.
21. f. 2. a. 6c b. Pluk. aim. t. 106. f. 4. Willd.
hort. berol. 44.
£0
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
i v
Wild Anemone.
This delicate plant is universally esteemed for its beauty.
Flowers white, with a tendency to duplication in the petals,
under culture. It is now cultivated in gardens and in flower-
pots, in this double state. In woods or rich soil, every where
very common. Perennial. April, May.
itgiuiana. o. a. stem dichotomous, leaves thrice ternate, up-
per ones opposite ; lolioles cut-lobate, serrate
and acute ; pecuncles solitary, one-flowered,
elongated ; seeds in an oblong capitulum, woolly,
mucronate. — WiUd. and Pursh.
Icon. Herm. parad. t. 18.
Vi7'ginian Anemone.
From fourteen inches to two feet high. Flowers green-
ish-white. In open woods, hedges, and on the borders of
neglected fields ; frequent. Perennial. May, June.
quinquefoiia. 3. A. stem one-flowered, stem leaves thrice ter-
nate, lateral ones deeply bipartile ; folioles cu-
neate, cut-lobate, dentate, acute; corolla 5 — 6
petalled, seeds ovate, pointed. B.
A. nemorosa, Mich.
A. nemorosa, /3. quinquefoiia, Willd. and Pursh.
A. quinquefoiia, Muhl.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 106. f. 3.
Five-leaved Anemone.
A very delicate and handsome species, about six or seven
inches high, bearing a single blossom-red flower. This plant
has often been confounded with the A. nemorosa of Europe,
but it is certainly specifically distinct. It does not agree either
with the descriptions or figure of that plant. In shady woods
and copses, forming large patches together; very common.
Perennial. Early in May.
257. THALICTRUM. Gen.pl. 951. (Raminculacea:.)
Calix none. Petals 4 or 5. Stamina very
long. Seeds ecaudate, striate, terete.
POLY ANDRIA, POL\ G YNIA. 2t
1. T. smooth; leaves supra-decompound, folioles dioicum«
subrotuml, cordate, obtuse-lobate, glaucous be-
neath, smooth ; panicles axillary, filiform, shor-
ter than the leaf; flowers small, in few-flowered
umbels. — Tfllld. and Pursh.
T. lsevigatum, Mich.
Dioicous Meadow-rue.
The smallest species of the genus growing about this neigh-
bourhood. Flowers twelve to fourteen inches high. On the
rocJ-:s on the Wissahickon, and on those in the woods above
the falls of Schuylkill, west side. Rare. Perennial. April, May.
2. T. stem striate, leaves supra-decompound, fo- rugosuiu. ^
lioles ovate, lanceolate and rugose, veined, ob-
tuse-lobate, panicles large, terminal. — TTilld.
and Pursh.
Rough-leaved Meadow-rue.
A very tall species, frequently attaining a height of five or
even six feet. Flowers white. In watery thickets, and the
magins of shrubbery, borders swamps and rivulets, not un-
common. Perennial. June, August.
3. T. delicately tomentose-pubescent; leaves su- pubescent
pra-decompound ; folioles ovate, subcordate and
cuneate, 3-lobed at the apex, subrugose above,
sub-tomentose beneath, panicles terminal, pedi-
cels sub-umbellate-divaricate; flowers polyga-
mous.— Pursh. p
T. pubescens, Pursh.
T. polygamum, Muhl.
Polygamous Meadow-rue.
Also a very tall species, very much resembling No. 2, and
found growing in similar places, as well as in low wet mea-
dows. More common than No. 2. Flowers also white.-
4. T. stem twice as tall as the leaves ; leaves com- purpura*
pound; folioles subrotund, trifid, incised; pani-"
22 POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
cles somewhat naked, flowers drooping, sta-
mens coloured. — Willd, and Pursh.
Purple Meadow -rue.
About eighteen inches or two feet high. Stem and filaments
deep reddish -purple ; rare. In low meadows near Woodbury,
scarce. On the margins of a fosse, on the lower or east edge of
Powelton, but rare. Perennial. June.
258. HYDRASTIS. Gen. pi. 958. (Rammculacece.)
Calix none. Petals 3. Nectary none. Berry
compound, granulations 1 -seeded.
canadensis, l. H; stem above oppositely two-leaved ; leaves
petiolate, emarginate at the base, palmate, ser-
rate, incised; peduncle terminal, solitary, one-
flowered. — Willd, and Pursh,
"Warnera Canadensis, Miller.
Icon. Mill. ic. t. 285.
Fellow -root.
About a foot or fourteen inches high. Flowers small, incon-
spicuous. Roots very yellow, and yield a fine yellow dye.
Possesses medicinal properties. A very rare plant in this vi-
cinity. I have only found it on the high banks of the Wissa-
hickon, near Germantown. Perennial. April, May.
259. CALTHA. Gen. pi. 957. (Rcmunculacea.)
Calix none. Petals 5 to 9. Nectary none.
Capsules several, many-seeded.
paiustris, 1. C. stem erect, corymbose, leaves cordate, reni-
form : lobes spreading, the circumference acute-
ly-crenate; flowers subsessile, petals ovate. —
Willd, and Pursh,
Populago paiustris, Scop.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 668. Engl. Bot. 506.
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. 23
Marsh Marigold. Meadow Cowslip.
A very fine plant, with deep green leaves and bright deep
yellow shining- flowers. Whole plant has the habit of Ranun-
culus. In a swampy wood, about half a mile or three quarters
clue west of the three miles-stone, on the Germantown road.
Very rare. 1 have not found it elsewhere. Perennial. April.
260. HEPATIC A. Willd. enum. (Banwuithicccc.)
Calix 3-leaved. Petals 6 to 9. Seeds naked.
1. H. leaves thrce-lobed, very entire, lobes round- triloba.**'
obtuse, scape one-flowered. — Willd. * '"'">"•
Anemone Hepatica, Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 1273.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 610. Bot. Mag. 10.
Three-lobed Liver-wort.
One of the earliest blooming spiing plants, often flowering
before the leaves have come up, and while snow is yet on the
ground. Flowers purple, rarely white. In woods, under de-
caved and fallen leaves, on rich soil. Common. Perennial.
March till May.
261. RANUNCULUS. Gen. pi. 953. (Ranunculacez.)
Calix 5-leaved. Petals o ; having the inner
side of each claw furnished with a melli-
ferous pore, often membranaceously mar-
gined or covered by a separate scale. Seeds
naked, numerous. — Nutt.
1. R. smooth ; stem declinate, leaves narrow-Ian- Fiamihuia.
ceolate, acute, entire and denticulate; the lower
ones petiolate, peduncles terminal, axillary,
one-flowered ; calices subreflexed. — Willd. and
Pursh.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 575. Engl. Bot. 387.
About a foot or two feet high, leaning obliquely from the
root. Leaves of a delicate blueish-green. Flowers small, yel-
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
low. In ditches in Jersey, along1 the course of the Delaware,
and in ditches in the Neck, on this side of the river, not unfre-
quent. Perennial. July, August.
2. R. smooth; stems striate, naked below; radi-
cal leaves cordate, reniform, obtuse-crenate ;
those of the stem petiolate, ternate, angular, the
upper ones sessile ; the branchlets sub-3-flower-
ed. — Willd. and Pursh.
Jbortire-flowered Crow-foot,
About twelve or fourteen inches high, with very small incon-
spicuous yellow flowers. In woods, and shady wet places,
common. Perennial. May, July.
3. R. smooth ; lower leaves palmate, upper ones
sessile, digitate; fruit oblong. — Willd, and
Pursh,
Icon. Fl. Dan. 571. Engl. Bot. 681.
Scelerij -leaved Crow-foot,
A very branclung or bushy species, about twelve or fifteen
inches high, with small yellow flowers. Stem hollow. Whole
plant very acrid, so much so as to blister when applied bruised
for any length of time to the cuticle. It is used medicinally. In
wet meadows, and all dirty ditches and plashes, on commons
and road-sides, and in wastes; common Perennial. May,
June.
4. R. very hirsute, erect; leaves ternate, folioles
acutely lobate; stems below the first peduncle
naked, few-flowered; calix appressed. — Mich,
R. hispidus, Mich.
R. hirtus.
Hispid Crow -foot.
About twelve inches high ; flowers small, yellow. In the
hilly woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side, frequent.
Perennial. June.
5. R. hirsute ; leaves compound, ternate, trifid,
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. 25
incised, sarments creeping; peduncles furrow-
ed, calices spreading. — Willd.
Icon. FI. Dan. 795. Engl. Bot. 516.
Creeping Crow -foot.
A fine species, which spreads rapidly and extensively by its
creeping roots. Flowers large, deep-yellow. In damp, shady
woods, and unmolested moist places near shrubbery ; frequent.
Perennial. July.
6. R. very hirsute; leaves compound, ternate, tri- buibosus. «>
fid, incised and toothed ; stem erect, many-flow-
ered ; peduncles furrowed, calices reflexed, root
bulbous. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 551. Engl. Bot. 515.
Common Bulbous Crow-foot, or Butter-cup.
An introduced, but naturalized species, found every where
in pastures, grass-plots, and in grassy fields and lanes. Leaves
a very deep-green ; flowers fine deep-shining-yellow. Posses-
ses medicinal virtues. Whole fields are often rendered yel-
low by the profusion of this plant. Perennial. From May
till August.
7. R. hairy, erect, branched ; leaves ternate, tri- Pennsyhani.
lid, incised, hairy underneath; peduncles te-°l
rete, calices reflexed, petals the length of the
calix. — Willd.
R. trifolius, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. 60.
An excessively hairy species, which comes near to Penn-
sylvanicus, but may not be it on further examination. In grassy
retired places; not common. On the grounds of Lemon-hill.
Perennial. July.
8. R. root very much fascicled; leaves ternate, sub- fascicular.
pinnate, glabrous. B.
R. fascicularis, Muhl.
A fine species, eighteen inches or two feet high, growing on
the margins of our rivers and creeks, and frequently mistaken
for R. acris, from which it materially differs. Perennial. May,
June.
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
9. R. leaves all dichotomously capillaceous, stem
swimming. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 376.
River Crow -foot.
A deep-green aquatic plant, covering ditches for a great ex-
tent, with its stems and leaves. Flowers white, small,, and
raised about an inch above the surface of the water. In all the
ditches of the Neck, and in those of Jersey; very common.
Perennial. June, July.
262. BRASENIA. Gen. pi. 938. (Hydrocharides.)
Calix 6-leaved, petaloid, persistent, the 3 in-
terior longer. Corolla none. Stamina 18
to 36, about the length of the calix. Utri-
culi oblong, 6 to 9; 3-seeded. — JWtt.
peitau, 1. B. leaves centrally peltate, oval, very entire,
peduncles solitary, one-flowered. — Pursh.
Hydropeltis purpurea, Mich.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 1147. Pluk. aim. t. 349. f. 3.
Water-shield.
An aquatic plant, which I have never seen. Above the falls
of Schuylkill, two or three miles, east side ; Mr. Collias. Pe-
rennial. June.
263. CYAMUS. Salisbury. (Hydrocharides.)
Calix petaloid, 4 or 5 -leaved. Petals many.
Fruit turbinate, with a truncated disk ex-
cavated with numerous cells, each contain-
ing a single seed. Seed an ovate nut
crowned with the persistent style. — J\Tutt.
lute us.
1. C. leaves peltate, orbiculate, very entire; co-
rolla polypetalous, anthers linear above. — Salis-
bury. Peduncles and petioles muricate. — Bart.
Prod. Fl. Ph. p. 59.
P0LYANDR1A, POLYGYNIA. o7
Cyamus flavicomus, Salisb.
C. nelumbo, Smith, Exot. Bot.
Nelumbium spcciosum, Willd. and Ait.
N. luteum, Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 1259.
IN. luteum, Mich.
Nymphsea Nelumbo, j8 L. Sp. PL
Nelumbo Indka, Pers.
Sacred-bean of India, Egyptian-bean.
There is not surely in North America any plant comparable
to this for grandeur, simplicity and beauty. Truly may it be
styled as I have elsewhere called it, the Queen of American
Floicevs. I regret to say that it is not as abundant in our vici-
nity as it was five years ago. This may be an accidental or
temporary decrease, owing to a disturbance of the site where
it grows. The leaves are perfectly round and centrally peltate.
They are from a foot to eighteen inches in diameter, of a rich
velvety -green above, and very pale underneath, They are sup-
ported by petioles from two, to three and a half feet in lengtli.
The flowers are pale-yellow, globose, and about three or four
inches in diameter, supported by petioles or a scape, a yard in
length, frequently muricate towards the upper part. From
this circumstance, together with an accurate examination of
a fine Chinese painting of the India species, which differed in
nothing from our plant, except in the rose-coloured flower,
Iconsideredthe two species as identical, and accordingly added
the synonyms which stand in my Prodromus. Another years*
examination of our plant has not given me reason to alter my
opinion on this subject, nor can 1 conceive that a mere differ-
ence in colour of the flowers should be considered sufficient
to establish the difference. Walter says his Nelumbo had
white flowers: so that even in our own country, a discrepancy
occurs here. I am glad to find that Mr. Nuttall has als» noticed
in his work, that the u peduncles are partly muricate."
DIDYNAMIA.
TEUCRIUM.
MENTHA.
HYSSOPUS.
NEPETA.
LAMIUM.
STACHYS.
LEONURUS.
GLECHOMA.
MARRUBIUM.
PYCNANTHEMUM.
CLINOPODIUM.
ORIGANUM.
MELISSA.
PRUNELLA.
SCUTELLARIA.
TRICHOSTEMA.
PHRYMA.
VERBENA.
LIMOSELLA.
SCROPHULARIA.
BIGNONIA.
ANTIRRHINUM.
GERARDIA.
PEDICULARIS.
MIMULUS.
CHELONE.
PENSTEMON.
EUCHROMA.
MELAMPYRUM.
OROBANCHE.
EPIFAGUS.
VOL. II.
[30 J
CLASS XIII.— DIDYNAMIA.
ORDER I. GYMNOSPERMIA. (4 naked seeds.)
264. TEUCRIUM. Gen. pi. 960. (LabiaUe.)
Upper lip of the corolla none, but a fissure in
its place through which the Stamina are
exserted. — JSTutt.
> canaiicnse. j# t. cano-hirsute; leaves ovate-lanceolate, ser-
rate, all petiolate; stem erect, spikes verticil-
late, crowded, bracteas twice as long as the ca-
lix. — JVilld. and Fursh.
Nettle-leaved Germander.
About eighteen incnes or two feet high. Flowers purple.
Along the grassy banks of our rivers and creeks ; and in low
meadows, common. Perennial. July.
virginicum. 2, T. pubescent; leaves ovate, oblong, serrate,
the upper ones subsessile ; stem erect, spikes
^ erticillate, crowded, bractes the length of the
calix.— Willd. >
Icon. Schkuhr. handb. 160. (Pursh.) *
Resembles the preceding exceedingly. Flowers also pur-
ple. Grows with No. 1, but is very rare.
265. MENTHA. Gen. pi. 967. (LabiaU.)
Corolla subequal, 4-cleft; having the broader
segment emarginate. Stamina erect and
distant. — J\Tutt.
Boveaiis. 1. M. upright, pubescent; leaves petiolate, oval-
lanceolate, very acute at each end ; flowers ver-
ticillate; stamens exserted. — Mich.
Mentha Canadensis, Kalm.
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 31
In similar places with the two preceding plants ; very com-
mon. Flowers white, or very pale-purple. Perennial. July.
Mentha viridis, or common spear-mint, and Mentha piperita,
or common pepper-mint, are frequently found in wet mea-
dows near springs and rivulets, where they have been plant-
ed, or found their way from gardens ; but they are not pro-
perly naturalized.
266. HYSSOPUS. Gen. pi. 963. (Labiate.)
Lower lip of the Corolla 3 -parted, inter-
mediate segment snbcrenate. Stamina
straight, and distant. — J\Tutt.
1. H. spikes verticillate, cylindrical ; styles short- nePetoides' *
er than the corolla; leaves subcordatc, ovate-
acuminate, acutely dentate. — Willd, and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 150. f. 3. Jacq. hort. 1. 1.
69. (Pursh.)
Catmint Hyssop. Tall Hyssop.
A very tall plant, often flowering at a height of two feet,
but frequently attaining a stature of six. Flowers in long
dense spikes, ochroleucous. I have seen them purple, though
rarely. In thickets, shady woods, hedges, and on the borders
of fields, common, particularly six or ten miles from the city.
Perennial. July.
o*
2. H. spikes verticillate, cylindric; styles longer 8fc™[JuIari-
than the corolla; leaves cordate-ovate, acumi-
nate, obtusely dentate* — Willd. and Pursh.
Agastache, Gronovius, Fl. Virg. 88.
Icon. Herm. parad. t. 106.
A very rare plant, easily known from the preceding. From
fourteen inches to two feet high. Flowers purple. On the
banks of the Delaware, Jersey side, on the walk from Kaighn's
point to the next ferry below, close to a shady thicket. Pe-
rennial. July.
267. NEPETA. Gen. pi. 964. (Labiate.)
Caluv arid, striated. Tube of the Corolla
longish 5 intermediate segment of the lower
32 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
lip crenate ; margin of the orifice reflected.
Stamina approximate. — Nutt.
oataria. l. N. flowers spiked, whorls subpedicellate ; leaves
petiolate, cordate, dentate-serrate. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 580.
Catmint. Nep. Catnep.
A well-known herb, in common use in domestic medical
practice. Flowers white. Naturalized in cultivated grounds, in
wastes and on road sides, every where. Perennial. July,
August.
268. LAMIUM. Gen. pi. 971. (Labiata.)
Calix 5-cleft, segments subulate, spreading.
Upper lip of the corolla entire and vault-
ed : lower lip S-lobed ; the margin of the
orifice toothed on either side. — Nutt.
amplexi-
caule.
1. L. floral leaves sessile, amplexicaule, obtuse.
—Willd.
Polichia araplexicaulis, Roth.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 752.
Stem-clasping
Archangel.
Great Henbit. Dead-
nettle. Henbit Jlrchangel.
From six inches to a foot high. Flowers reddish-purple.
In all cultivated grounds, and particularly on the margins of
fields, very common. Annual. All summer.
269. STACHYS. Gen. pi. 979. (Labiatx.)
Calix 5-cIeft, awned. Upper lip of the co-
rolla vaulted ; the lower reflected at the
sides, with the intermediate segment larger
and emarginated. Stamina at length re-
flected to the sides. — Nutt.
1. S. stems erect, very hispid backward; leaves
subpetiolate, lanceolate, acute, serrate, very
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. S3
grab ro us ; whorls sub-6-flowered ; calicos di-
varicate, spinous. — Mich, and Pursh.
S. tenuifolia, Willd.?
S. arvensis, Walt.
Rough Wound-wort. Hedge-nettle.
From one to two feet high. In full flower very handsome.
Flowers purple. Along the banks of rivers and creeks, and in
low meadows, common; particularly along the bank-walks of
the Delaware and Schuylkill. Perennial. July.
270. LEONURUS. Gen. pi. 977. (Labiate.)
Calix pentangular, 5-toothed. Upper lip of
the corolla villous, flat, entire; lower lip
3-parted, with the middle segment undi-
vided. "Lobes of the anthers parallel."
R. Brown. — JSTntt.
1. L. leaves cuneiform-ovate, three lobed, den- carfiaou 4
tate; corollas larger than the prickly calix;
middle segments of the lower lip acute. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 727. Engl. Bot. 286.
Mother-wort. Mug-wort.
About two feet high. Flowers white and red, or purple. In-
troduced, and naturalized abundantly in all wastes near habi-
tations. Perennial. July.
271. GLECHOMA. Gen. pi. 970. (Labiate.)
Calix 5-cleft, subequal. Anthers approach-
ing each other in pairs, each pair produc-
ing the form of a cross. — JVutt.
1. G. leaves reniform-crenate. — Willd. hedewcea. ^
Icon. Fl. 73an. 789. Curt. Lond. 2. t. 44.
Ground Iry. Gill. Alehoqf.
A creeping plant, with blue flowers. Mr. Nuttall is inclined
4#
34 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
i
to think it indigenous, having found it abundant along the
banks of the Ohio and Potomac, remote from settlements. In
wastes and hedges, common. Perennial. May to August.
272. MARRUBIUM. Gen. pi. 976, {Labiatce.)
Calix saberform, rigid, 10- striate. Upper
lip of the corolla bifid, linear, straight. —
* Nutt.
vuigare. l. M. leaves subrotund, ovate, dentate, rugose-
veined; calix teeth setaceous, hooked. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 1036. Engl. Bot. 410.
Horehound.
Also plentifully naturalized in wastes. Whole plant of a
grey aspect. Flowers white. Much used as a domestic medi-
cine. Perennial. July.
273. PYCNANTHEMUM. Mich. fl. am. 2. p. 7. {Labiatce.)
Capituluin surrounded by an involucrum of
many bractes. — Calix tubular, striate, 5-
toothed. Upper lip of the corolla nearly
entire ; lower trifid. " Middle segment
longer. Stamina distant ; cells of the an-
thers parallel.*' fl. Brown. — JWtt.
1. P. leaves oblong-ovate, acute, subserrate, cano-
tomentose ; capituli compound, the lateral ones
pedunculated ; bractes setaceous. — Mich, and
Pursh.
Clinopodium incanum, L.
Origanum incanum, Walt.
Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 344. f. 7. (Pursh.)
Hoary Basil.
About three feet high. Whole plant grey or hoary. Flow-
ers white and pale -red. It possesses the fine odour of Origanum
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 35
vulgare. On a bluff bordering- the Schuylkill, "Woodlands;
abundant. Perennial. July, August.
2. P. stem upright, very much branched, rough- fiw&ttam. w
ish; leaves linear, 3-nerved, very entire ; capi-
tuli terminal, fasciculate-corymbose. — Pursh.
Brachvstenuim linifolius, Willd.
B. Virginicum, Mich. »
Thymus Virginicus, L.
Pycnanthemum Virginicum, Ait.
Satureja Virginiana, Sp. PI. 2. p. 793.
Origanum flexuosum, Walt.
Icon. Herm. parad. t. 218. (Pursh.) Pluk. aim.
t. 54. f. 2.
Flax-leaved Basil, Virginian Thyme,
About eighteen inches high. Flowers small, white. Whole
plant smells like Thyme. On the borders of open damp
woods, and along1 water-courses in thickets, frequent. In the
woods bordering the Mantua-road, and on the bank walks of
the Delaware and Schuylkill, common. Perennial. July,
August.
3. P. stem upright, very much branched, rough- lanceuiatwn.
ish; leaves linear-lanceolate, veined, very en-
tire; capituli terminal, fasciculate-corymbose.
— Piwsh.
Bachystemum lanceolatum, Willd. enum.
Lance-leaved Basil,
Resembles No. 2, very much in general habit, but easily
known from it by the broader leaves. Flowers also white. In
similar places with No. 2, but less common. Perennial. July
August.
4. P. leaves ovate-lanceolate, subdentate, smooth- muticum. ^
ish ; capituli terminal, bractes lanceolate, some-
what acute. — Pers,
Bachystemum muticum, Mich.
Icon. Mich. fl. am. 2. t. 32.
About eighteen inches or two feet high. Flowers pale blos-
som-red. On the margin of a small open wood in the Neck,
36 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSt>ERMIA.
about half a mile south-east of the corner of Federal and Fifth
streets, Southwark. Very rare. Perennial. July.
vertkiiiatum. 5. p. leaves ovate-lanceolate, very entire ; whorls
sessile, compact, bractes acuminate. — Pers. and
Pursh.
Brachystemum verticillatum, Mich.
Origanum clinopodoides, Walt.
Icon. Mich. Fl. am. 2. t. 31.
This species resembles No. 4, exceedingly. It is also very
rare; I have only found it on the bank walk from Gray's ferry
to Kingsess gardens, in the low ground. Perennial. July,
August.
274. CLIXOPODIUM. Gen. pi. 980. (Labiate.)
Verticill surrounded by a setaceous involu-
crum. — Upper lip of the corolla flat, ob-
cordate and strait. — J\Tutt.
vuigare. i. C. capituli verticillate, bractes setaceous, his-
pid ; leaves hairy above, remotely dentate, stem
nearly simple. — ff?$ld.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 930. Engl. Bot. 1401.
Common Wild Basil.
About a foot high; flowers purple, and sometimes, though
rarely, white. In dry fields, and in dry thickets. Perennial.
August.
275. ORIGANUM. Gen. pi. 981. (Labiate.)
Flowers^ollected into a 4-sided strobilus or
dense»pike. — Upper lip of the corolla
erect?lnit$ lower 3-parted; segments equal.
— Nutt. '
Tuigfire. 1. O. spikes subrotund, paniculate, conglomerate,
bractes ovate, longer than the calix. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 638.
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 37
Common Marjoram.
A fine plant, exhaling a very grateful odour. From one to
two feet high. Flowers red. Indigenous; on stony hills and
the borders of dry stony fields; frequent. Perennial. July,
August.
276. MELISSA. Gen. pi. 983. (LabiaU.)
Calix avid, above nearly flat ; upper lip sub-
fastigiate. Upper lip of the corolla partly
vaulted, bifid ; middle lobe of the lower lip
cordate. — JSTutt.
1. M. whorls dimidiate, bractes oblong, pedicel- officinalis.
late; leaves ovate-acute, serrate. — Willd.
Balm.
Common balm is well-known. It is not unfrequently found
along the edges of fields and by road sides, appearing naturaliz-
ed. Its domestic use as a tisan, is extensive, and merited. Pe-
rennial. July.
277. PRUNELLA. Gen. pi. 990. (Labia**.)
Upper lip of the calix dilated. Filaments o
the stamina forked, only one of the points
antheriferous. Stigma bifid. — JWtt.
1. P. leaves petiolate, ovate and lanceolate, den- vpmflr*
tate at the base; calix lips equal, the upper trun-
cate, three avvned, stem adscendent — IVilld.
hort. berol.
leaves ovate. *«*».
leaves lanceolate. $ umceoiata.
Self-heal.
From eight inches to a foot high. Flowers deep purple, rare-
ly white. Var. ct. flowers in June; /2. flowers in August, and is
a large plant. In fields and by road and fence sides, very com-
mon. Perennial.
38
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
278. SCUTELLARIA. Gen. pi. 989. (Labiat*.)
Margin of the Calix entire, after flowering
closed with a galeate lid. Tube of the co-
rolla elongated. — Nutt.
gaiericuiata, l. S. branching ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, cre-
nate, under side pulverulently pubescent, paler ;
flowers axillary. — Nutt.
Not S. galericulata, of Pursh.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 637. Engl. Bot. 523.
Common Skull-cap.
A very elegant species, with fine blue flowers. From
eighteen inches to two feet high, weak, branching. On the
margins of meadow-drains and ditches, and sometimes among
sedge in wet meadows of Jersey, not unfrequent. Perennial.
July.
gracilis.
l lateriflora.
2. S. stem mostly simple; leaves remote, broad-
ovate, dentate, smooth and sessile, scabrous on
the margin, upper ones smaller, entire ; flow-
ers axillary. — Nutt.
S. gracilis, INutt.
S. galericulata, Pursh ?
Slender Skull-cap.
A small species, with simple erect stems, and every where
very glabrous. On the edges of woods and thickets bordering
the Schuylkill, particularly between Kingsess gardens and
Gray's ferry ; very common. July.
3. S. very much branched, somewhat smooth ;
leaves with very long petioles, ovate, dentate,
nerved ; raceme terminal, loose, leafy. — Willd.
Side-flowering SkuU-cap.
From a foot to two feet high, with a profusion of blue flow-
ers. A very handsome species. On the borders of all our
waters, and on the edges of pools and ditches, very common.
Perennial. July to September.
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 39
4. S. somewhat simple, densely pubescent; leaves inteprifoiia. -
subsessile, oblong or linear, obtuse, very entire,
attenuated at base; racemes loose, leafy. —
nuid.
Icon. Pluk. aim. 441. f. 6.
Entire-leaved Skull-cap.
Leaves all linear. — Willd. & h/nyifi :«••
Hyssop-leaved Skull-cap.
A verv elegant and striking1 species, with a profusion of
large blue flowers. In meadows and fields of Jersey, very-
abundant. Also in fields west of the Delaware. /2. is more rare
— generally in woods and thickets. Perennial. July, August.
5. S. somewhat simple, pubescent ; leaves remote, ovaiifoiia. ^
rhomboid-ovate, obtuse, round-crenate, attenu-
ated at base, with short petioles ; racemes ter-
minal, loose, lor the most part branched ;
branches lanceolate, entire. — Mich, and Pursh.
S. ovaiifoiia, Muhl. -
S. ovaiifoiia, Pers. ?
S. Caroliniana, Walt.
S. pilosa, Mich, and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 313. f. 4.
A very common and ordinary looking species. In woods,
every where abundant. Perennial. July, August.
279. TRICHOSTEMA. Gen. pi. 988. (Labiate.)
Calix resupinate. Upper lip of the corolla
falcate. Stamina very long and incarved.
— JSTutt.
1. T. leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, the flower-bear- dichotoma. *
ing branchlets bifurcate, stamens very long. —
Willd. and Pursh.
Bastard Pennyroyal.
From six to ten inches high. Flowers Prussian-blue, band-
40 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
some. Whole plant possessing- in a small degree, the scent
of" Pennyroyal. In sandy fields and on exposed road sides;
every where very common, especially in Jersey. Annual. July.
linearis. g# t. leaves linear, smooth, sessile, attenuated
somewhat at either end ; dentures of the ca-
lix conspicuously awned, stamina very long. —
Mat.
Trichostema linearis, Nutt.
T. dichotoma, /3. linearis, Walt, and Pursh.
Linear -leaved Bastard Pennyroyal.
Resembles the preceding exceedingly, but is very distinct. I
have heretofore considered.it only as a variety, but my atten-
tion being" particularly directed to the plant by the observa-
tions of Mr. Xuttall, I have no hesitation in adopting- it as a
g-enuine species. 1 have found it all through Maryland, pre-
serving its character. In the sandy fields of Jersey, near
Woodbury. Annual. July, August.
•'^'t ^ " 280. PHRYMA. Gen. pi. 994. (Labiatx.)
Calix cylindric, upper lip longer, trifid ;
lower bidentate. Upper lip of the corolla
emarginate, lower much larger. Seed one.
. —Nutt.
Leptostachia. l. P. leaves ovate, deeply serrate, petiolate ; spikes
terminal, slender; flowers opposite. — Willd.
Icon. Pluk. amalth. t. 380. f. 5. Lam. Illust.
t. 516.
From one to two feet high. Flowers on very long, slender
weak spikes ; small, white and purple. In shady rich woods,
particularly along the western banks of the Schuylkill towards
and above the falls ; common. Perennial. June.
281. VERBENA. Gen. pi. 43. (Vitices.)
Calix 5-cleft. Corolla funnelform, tube in-
curved, limb unequal, 5-lobed. Stamina
% fertile. Seeds 4.
D1DYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 41
1. V. stem decumbent, very much divaricate- spuria,
branched; leaves multifid, laciniate, spikes fili-
form, bractes longer than thecalix. — Willd. and
Pursh.
Bastard Vervain.
About twelve or fifteen inches high. Leaves greyish-green.
Flowers blue, very small. The whole plant strongly resembles
Verbena officinalis. In the suburbs of Southwark and Northern
Liberties ; among rubbish in the streets of Camden, and by
Kaighn's point, forming large patches. Biennial. July, August.
2. V. erect, tall ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, hastata. ^
cut-serrate, sometimes cut-hastate; spikes li-
near, paniculated, subimbricate. — Willd.
Icon. Herm. parad. 242.
Tall Vervain.
A very fine species, from two to four feet high, with deep-
blue flowers, larger and handsomer than those of No. 1. On
the banks of all our waters, on the margins of ditches, and in
wet meadows, very abundant; more particularly in Jersey.
Perennial. July.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, deeply-serrated, acute ; @ ooiongi/one.
spikes filiform, paniculate; flowers smaller, pale
blue. — Nutt.
V. hastata, /S. oblongifolia, Nutt.
Resembles No. 2, very closely, and grows with it. July.
3. V. erect, subpubescent ; leaves ovate-acute, ser- mtkiioiia. c
rate, petiolate; spikes filiform, distinct, axillary
and terminal. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Riv. monop. 57. Rob. ic. 26. (Pursh.)
Nettle-leaved Vervain.
About fifteen inches or two feet high, being a common weed
in wastes, road-sides and on the borders of cultivated grounds.
Flowers minute, white. Perennial. All summer.
VOL. If. 5
42 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
282. LIMOSELLA. Gen. pi. 1039. (Lisimachia.)
Calix 5-cleft. Corolla 4 and 5 lobed, equal.
Stamina approximating by pairs. Cap-
sule &-valved, subbilocular, many-seeded.
— Nutt.
tenuifoiia. 1. L. leaves linear and very n arrow; scarcely di-
lated at the points; scape 1 -flowered, about
equal in length with the leaves. — Nutt.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. Ph. vol. 1. p. 115.
Root surculose. Leaves radical, succulent and somewhat
fragile, erect, subcylindric-filiform, a little compressed and ob-
tuse towards the point, membranaceously sheathing and radi-
cant at the base, radical fibres white, compressed, and flaccid.
Scapes or peduncles shorter than the leaves, one-flowered,
radical, axillary, terete, at first erect, in fruit deflected. Calix
cylindric-campanulate, border four and five-toothed, dentures
acute. Corolla monopetalous, tubular, white, shaded with
greyish blue outside, tube yellowish and glandular within,
border spreading four and five-lobed, lobes oblong-oval, or
oval, obtuse. Stamina four, approximating by pairs, included
in the tube of the corolla; filaments short; anthers pale blue,
two-celled. Style included, stigma capitate. Capsule nearly
spherical, smooth, bursting the calix, bivalve, subbilocular,
many-seeded. Seeds numerous, angular, somewhat gibbous,
attached to a large and rounded receptacle, compressed at its
base, and dilated on two sides, producing imperfect dissepi-
ments, which are continued to the margin of the valves, hence
the capsule is bilocular near its base, and only one-celled
above. — JYutt.
Icon. Transactions of the Physico-Medical Society of New
York, vol. 1. p. 439.
Mudwort.
First discovered on the low gravelly banks of the Dela-
ware, above Kensington, by Mr. Nuttall. It has also been
found in Connecticut by Dr. Ives. It is abundant on the shores
of the Delaware at low tide, but must be vigilantly searched
for, or from its minuteness it will be overlooked. I have also
, found it at low tide on the shores of the Schuylkill, a little be-
low Breck's island. July.
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 43
283. SCROPHULARIA. Gen. pi. 1014. (ScrophularU.)
Calix 5 -cleft. Corolla sub globose, resupi-
nate. Capsule S-celled.
1. S. leaves cordate, serrate, acute, roundish at Mariiamiica.
base; petioles ciliated below, the fascicles of
the panicle loosely few-flowered. — Willd.
S. nodosa, &. Americana, Mich.
Figwort.
From three to four feet high. Flowers brownish. On the
borders of fields, and along fences bordering road-sides ; not
frequent. Perennial. August.
284. BIGNONIA. Gen: pi. 1018. (Bignonix.)
Calix 5 -toothed, cyathiform, partly coria-
ceous. Corolla 5-lobed, campanulate, ven-
tricose on the under side. Silique S-celled.
Seeds membranaceously alated. — Nutt.
1. B. leaves pinnate, folioles ovate, dentate, acu- radicam.
minate, with a terminal corymb ; tube of the
corolla three times as long as the calix, stem ra-
dicant. — JVillil. 4nd Pursfi.
1
3j<
impel Creeper.
This well-known creeper grows wild, on the rocks bor-
dering the Schuylkill near the falls, and in a watery thicket
three miles below Kaighn's point, Jersey; near the spot where
Salsola Caroliniana grows. Flowers red and orange, lj . July,
August.
285. ANTIRRHINUM. Gen. pi. 1035. (ScrophuhwU.)
Calix 5 -parted ; the lower segments remote.
Corolla calcarate, ringent, orifice closed by
the prominent palate. Capsule ovate, 2-
f S?ed, 2-valved, bursting at the summit
ior
44 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
with 3 to 5 reflected dentures, a stapediform
styliferous arch remaining betwixt either
aperture. — Gcertner.
m Lmaiia. l. A. erect, glabrous; leaves scattered, lanceo-
late-linear, crowded ; spikes terminal, thickly
flowered; calices glabrous, shorter than the
spine. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 982. Engl. Bot. 658.
Toad Flax. Ransted-weed. Wild Snap-dragon.
A very elegant plant, but disgusting from its offensive phos-
phoretic smell. Leaves greyish-green. Flowers bright yellow ;
said to contain phosphorus. Introduced, but every where ex-
tensively naturalized, in the United States. On road-sides,
commons, wastes, and the borders of fields, very common and
abundant. Perennial, from July till October.
anadense. 2. A. assurgent, glabrous, very simple; leaves
scattered, erect, narrow-linear, obtuse, remote ;
flowers racemous, shoots creeping. — Willd. and
Pursh.
Icon. Vent. hort. eels. 49.
purpurea,
Purple Toad Flax.
A very delicate plant, with small oval radical leaves, acute
at each end ; narrow linear stem leaves, and purple flowers.
\\\ sandy fields, roads, and woods of Jersey; common. An-
nual. June, July.
286. GERARD! A. Gen. pi. 1004. (Scrophularix.)
Calix half 5-cleft, or 5-toothed. Corolla sub-
campanulate, unequally 5-lobed? segments
mostly rounded. Capsule 2-celled, open-
ing at the summit. — Nutt.
1. G. stem opposite, very much branched,* leaves
linear ; flowers axillary, opposite, sessile. —
Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 388. f. 1.
(Pursh^
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 45
From fifteen to eighteen inches, or two feet high. Flowers
large, purple, handsome. Along all our waters, in marshes,
and in damp low grounds and rich moist woods, very com-
mon. Biennial. July, August.
2. G. paniculate-branched, leaves linear; pedun- tenoifoii*. v
cles axillary, opposite, longer than the flower.
Willd.
G. ciecta, Walt, and Mich.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 12. f. 4.
A small, slender and delicate species, resembling small spe-
cimens of the preceding. From a span to a foot high. Flowers
like those of No. 1. In woods and fields, very common. Pre-
fers a dryer soil than No. 1. Biennial. July, August.
3. G. pubescent; stems sub-simple; leaves lan-fl"*. u
ceolate, very entire or dentated, the lower ones
sub-pinnatifid-incised ; flowers axillary, oppo-
site, subsessile. — Willd, and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. mant. 389. f. 3.
A fine showey species, with large yellow flowers. From two
to three feet high. In dry shady places, and on rocks in woods,
common. Perennial. July.
4. G. glabrous ; stem paniculate, leaves petiolate, querela.
pinnatifid : segments lanceolate-acute, entire or
cut-dentate behind, the upper ones lanceolate-
entire; flowers axillary, opposite, pedicellate. —
Pursh.
G. quercifolia, Pursh.
G. flava, siveglauca, Muhl.?
Rhinanthus Virginicus, Willd.
Also a very elegant and showey plant, with yellow flowers.
As I have found this species near Lancaster, I conclude Dr.
Muhlenberg must have intended it by his G. flava, sive glauca.
In Jersey, near swampy thickets, three miles below Kaighn's
point, and in the woods near Woodbury. Rare. Perennial.
5. G. pubescent, brachiate-paniculate; leaves ob- Pedicular*.
long, doubly cut-serrate and pinnatifid; flowers
5#
46 DIDYNAMIA, GYMN0SPERM1A.
axillary, opposite-pedicellate; calicine segments
leafy, cut-dentate. — Willd. and Fursh.
Icon. Lam. Illust. t. 529. f. 2.
About two feet high and bushy. Leaves resembling" those
of Pedicularis, orLousewort. Flowers yellow, large. In shady
woods on the Schuylkill above the falls, and in similar situa-
tions in Jersey. In the woods of the Woodlands; tolerably
frequent. Biennial. July, August.
287. PEDICULARIS. Gen.pl. 1003. {Pedicular es.)
Calix ventricose, half 5-cleft. Galea (or up-
per lip of the corolla) emarginate and com-
pressed. Capsule bilocular, mucronate, ob-
lique. Seeds angular, tunicated. — JSTutt.
pallida. i# p. stem branched, tall, glabrous; leaves sub-
opposite, lanceolate, crenate-dentate; spike leaf-
less, glabrous, galea of the corolla obtuse ; ca-
lix bifid, roundish. — Herb. Banks.
P. Virginica, Lamark.
P. serotina, Muhl.
F ale -flowered Louse-wort.
About a foot or two feet high, with pale or straw -yellow
flowers. This, which is so common a species at Lancaster, is
rare in this vicinity. I have only found it sparingly in the
swampy thickets near Woodbury, Jersey. Mr. Nuttall thinks
it the P. lanceolata, of Mich. Perennial. August, September.
canadensis. 2. P. stem simple, leaves pinnatifid, cut-dentate;
capitulum leafy at the base, hirsute; galea of
the corolla bristly-bidentate, calices at length,
truncate. — Willd. and Fursh.
Common Louse-wort.
About six or ten inches high. Flowers whitish, sometimes
tinged with purple. In meadows and damp low woods; com-
mon. Perennial. May, June.
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 4?
28S . MIMULUS. Gen. pi. 1049. (Scrophnlarix.)
Calix prismatic, 5-toothed. Corolla ringent:
upper lip reflected at the sides ; palate of
the lower lip prominent. Stigma thick and
bifid. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds minute. — J\*utt.
1. M. erect, glabrous ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, ringens. v
acuminate-serrate, peduncles axillary, opposite,
longer than the flowers, calicine teeth oblong-
acuminate. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 283. Pluk. amalth. t. 393. f. 3.
Gaping Monkey -Jiower.
A fine plant, about fifteen inches high, with large blue flow-
ers. In boggy meadows and low grounds, every where com-
mon. Perennial. July, August.
2. M. erect, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-acu- aiam*.
minate, serrate, peduncles axillary, opposite,
shorter than the flower ; teeth of the calix round,
mucronate, stem four-angled, winged. — Willd.
Wing-stemmed Monkey -Jiower.
Besembles No. 1, so closely as to be easily mistaken for it.
It is a taller plant. Flowers the size and colour of No. 1. In si-
milar places. On the bank walk from the Navy Yard to Glou-
cester point; frequent. Perennial. July, August.
289. CHELONE. Gen. pi. 1005 (Bignonue.)
Calix 5-parted, tribracteate. Corolla rin-
gent, veutricose. Sterile filament shorter
than the rest ; anthers lanuginous. Cap-
sule 2-celled. S-valved. Seeds membrana-
ceously margined. — J\Tutt.
1. Cleaves opposite, lanceolate-oblong, acumi- glabra, *J
nate, serrate: spikes terminal, close-flowered.
—Willd.
48 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA
Snake-head.
From two to three feet high. Flowers cream-coloured.
The corolla has some faint resemblance to a snake's head.
Tn similar places with Mimulus ringens, and alatus. Perennial.
July, August.
290. PENTSTEMON. Gen. pi. 1753. (Scrophularia.)
Calix 5-leaved. Corolla bilabiate, ventri-
cose. The fifth sterile filament longer than
the rest and bearded on the upper side.
Anthers smooth. Capsule ovate, S-celled,
S-valved. Seeds numerous, angular. —
JVty#-
pubescens. \, p. stem pubescent;, leaves serrulate, lanceolate-
oblong, sessile ; flowers paniculate, sterile fila-
ment bearded from the apex as far as below
the middle. — Willd. and Pursh.
Chelone Pentstemon, Mant. 415.
A very elegant plant, from ten to fifteen inches high. Flow-
ers pale-purple or blue. On the borders of open woods and
fields; common. Perennial. July.
291. EUCHROMA. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 54.
(Pedicular es.)
Calix spathseform, bifid, and emarginate, or
quadrifid, with the segments subulate. Co-
rolla bilabiate, upper lip very long and
linear, embracing the style and stamina;
lower lip short and trifid, without glands.
Anthers linear, with unequal lobes, all co-
hering in the form of an oblong disk. Cap-
sule compressed, ovate, oblique, 2-celled,
2-valved; dissepiment medial, bipartile.
Seeds numerous, and small, surrounded
with a membranaceous inflated vesicle. —
JVutt.
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 49
1. E. leaves and coloured bractes divaricately *****
trifid ; calix bifid, nearly equal with the corolla,
segments rctuse and emarginate. — Nutt.
Bartsia coccinea, L.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 102. f. 5.
Painted-cup.
A gorgeous and much admired plant. The rich scarlet brac-
tes which are usually mistaken for flowers, constitute the
great beauty of the plant. Under afoot high. In the meadows
bordering- the Wissahickon. Rare. Perennial. July.
292. MELAMPYRUM. Gen. pi. 999. (Pediatlares.)
Calix 4-cleft. Upper lip of the corolla com-
pressed, margin folded back; lower lip
grooved, trifid, subequal. Capsule S-cell-
ed, oblique, opening on one side ; cells 2-
seeded. Seeds cartilaginous, cylindric-ob-
long. — JVutt.
1. M. slender; lower leaves linear, entire; floral Hneare. L
leaves lanceolate, toothed behind ; flowers axil-
lary, distinct. — Lamark.
M. Americanum, Mich.
all the leaves lanceolate. £ laf/oUum.
Cow -wheat.
About a foot hig-h. Flowers yellowish-white, tinged with
pale-red. In woods and copses every where common. /2. dif-
fers in having much broader leaves. I have only found it
in the woods near Woodbury, where it is abundant. Annual.
July. /3. August and later.
293. OROBANCHE. Gen. pi. 1045. (Pediculares.)
Calix 4< or 5-cleft, segments often unequal.
Corolla ringent. Capsule ovate, acute, 1-
celled, 2-valved ; seeds numerous. A gland
beneath the base of the germ. — Nutt.
50 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
Americana, i. O. stem very simple, squamae, oval-lanceolate,
imbricate, closed; spike terminal, glabrous;
corollas recurved, stamens exserted. — Willd.
and Pursh.
jfcrv
Parasitic. On the authority of Mr. Bartram, I have introduced
this plant, never having met with it myself. He says it grows
in the woods near Philadelphia^ Perennial. July.
294. EPIFAGUS. Nutt Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 60.
(Pediculares.)
Polygamous. — Calix abbreviated, 5-toothed.
Corolla of the infertile flower ringent, com-
pressed, 4-cleft, lower lip flat : fertile flow-
er minute, 4-toothed, deciduous. Capsule
truncate, oblique, 1 -celled, imperfectly 2-
valved, opening only on one side. — Nutti.
vhginianus. 1. E. stem branched, flowers alternate, distant;
corollas deciduous, 4 -toothed. — Willd,
Epifagus Americanus, Nutt.
Orobanche Virginiana, L.
Cancer Root. Beech-drops.
A parasitic plant, always found under beech-trees. It is
powerfully astringent, and possesses medicinal virtues. Com-
mon where the beech-tree is found. Perennial. July, till
September.
ns
TETRADYNAMIA.
DRABA.
LEPIDIUM.
THLASPI.
DENTARIA.
CARD AMINE.
BARBAREA.
SISYMBRIUM.
ERYSIMUM.
ARABIS.
TURRITIS.
( 52 )
CLASS XIV— TETRAD YNAMIA.
ORDER I. SILICULOSA.
296. DRAB A. Gen. pi. 1076. (Crucifera.J
Silicle entire, oval-oblong, valves flattish,
parallel with the dissepiment, Style scarce-
ly any.
Tema. 1. D. scape naked, leaves oblong-acute, subser-
rate, hairy; petals bifid, stigma sessile. — Willd.
D. hispid ula, Mich.
D. verna, £. Americana, Pers.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 983. Engl. Bot. 586.
Whitlow -grass. Shad-blossom.
A very humble plant, but extremely interesting, because it
is the earliest blooming1 plant of our country. It is often found
in flower in the last of February or early in March, when only
one-half or three quarters of an inch high. It afterwards ac-
quires a greater size, and sometimes is four inches high. It
flowers twice in the season. Annual. •
279. LEPIDIUM. Gen. pi. 1077. ( Cruciferx.)
Silicle emarginate, elliptic, cells 1 -seeded,
valves carinate, dissepiment contrary.
viiginicum. i# l. radical leaves pinnatifid, stem leaves linear-
lanceolate, sub-cut-serrate ; flowers 4-petalled,
diandrous, silicle lentiform. — Willd. smdPursh.
Icon. Sloan. Jam. 1. 1. 123. f. 3. (Pursh.)
Wild Pepper-grass or Pepper-wort.
From twelve to fifteen inches high. Flowers very minute. In
stony roads and way -sides, on dry soil, and in dry fields, every
where common. Whole plant tastes pepperish. Biennial. All
summer.
TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA. 53
298. THLASPI. Gen.pl. 1078. (Crucifera.)
Siiicle emarginate, obcordate, many seeded :
valves navicular, with a carinate margin. —
Nutt.
1. T. hirsute, siiicle deltoid-obcordate, radical Bursa pasto-
ris.
leaves pinnatilid. — Willd.
Icon. Engl. Bot. 1485.
Shepherd? $ Purse,
One of the common weeds growing every where, even in
the crevices of brick pavements. It sometimes covers whole
fields. The young radical leaves are brought to market and
sold for greens, in the spring of the year. Annual. From April
till October. , r
ORDER II. SILIQUOSA.
299. DENTARIA. Gen. pi. 1087. (Cmcifene.)
Silique springing open elastically and the
valves " nerveless" and revolute. Dissepi-
ment partly fungose. Stigma emarginate.
Calix longitudinally conuivent. — JVutt.
1. D. leaves thrice ternate, folioles tripartile-li- laciniata.
near-oblong, cut-dentate ; roots tuberous, mo-
niliform. — Willd.
D. concatenata, Mich.
Jagged-leaved Tooth-wort.
A handsome plant, near a foot high. Flowers pale-purple
and white. On the shady hilly woods bordering the Schuyl-
kill, near the falls, particularly on rocks ; also, on the rocky
banks af the Wissahickon, very common. Perennial. May.
VOL. II. 6
54 TETRAD YNAMIA, SILIQUOSA.
heterophyiia. 2. D. stem 2-leaved, leaves ternate, petiolate,
leaflets linear, sublanceolate, acute, entire, mar-
gin asperate, ciliatc; radical leaflets ovate-ob-
long, incisely and grossly toothed. Obs. The
smallest species with which I am acquainted.
Root concatenately and also simply tuberous,
tubers oblong, dentoid. One radical leaf always
present upon a long petiole arising from the base
of the scape, deeply toothed, dentures obtuse,
with a small abrupt point; cauline leaflets very
rarely subserrate, generally entire, invariably
ciliated, nearly linear, more than an inch long,
and only about 2 lines wide. Corymb small,
about 9-flowered; flowers pale purple, nearly
the size of those of Cardamine pratehsis, petals
oblong, entire, longer than the stamina. Flow-
ering in June. Figure Pluk. Amalth. t. 435. f.
2. ? but in this figure the leaves are a little
toothed. — Natt.
D. heterophyiia, Nutt.
In the shady fir woods on the banks of the Wissahickon ;
Mr. Nuttall. I have not met with it.
300. BARBAREA. R. Brown. ( Crucifer<e.)
Silique 4-sided-ancipital. Cotyledones ac-
cumbent. Seeds in a single series. Calix
erect. Glands disposed at the internal base
of the shorter filaments. — R. Brown.
Hort. Kew. 4. p. 109.
vulgaris. i# B. leaves lyrately pinnatifid : stem branched ;
flowers yellow, terminally racemose. — Nutt,
Barbarea vulgaris, R. Brown.
Erysimum Barbarea, L.
Water Cress.
From fifteen inches to two feet high, bearing- a profusion of
elegant flowers. The plant is eaten in its young state at our
tables as a sallad, under the above English name. On the
TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA. 55
retired banks of the Wissahickon, and on the edges of grassy-
lanes, not unfrequent. Perennial. June, July.
301. SISYMBRIUM. Gen. pi. 1089. (Cruciferx.)
Silique terminated by a short terete rostrum,
valves nearly straight, not elastic. Calix
and corolla spreading. — Nutt.
1. S. siliques declinate, oblong-ovate; leaves ob- amphibium. ^
long-lanceolate or pinnatifid, serrate, petals
longer tban the calix. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 984.
Water Radish.
From fifteen inches to three feet high. Whole plant of a
very yellow-green. Flowers small, yellow. Leaves subject to
be eaten by insects. On the margins of our rivers and creeks ;
and along the borders of dirty ditches, very common. Peren-
nial. July, August.
2. S. silique declinate, leaves pinnate ; leaflets ruigare.
lanceolate, incisely serrate. L.
S. vulgare, Pers.
S. sylvestre, L.
Creeping Water-cress.
Scarcely more than a foot or fifteen inches high. Flowers
yellow, and not unhandsome. This plant covers large patches
of ground on the low wet margins of the Delaware, just above
Kensington; and it has every appearance of being a native
there. It is not improbable, however, that it has been acci-
dentally introduced in that neighbourhood, where at least it is
unequivocally naturalized. I have this summer found young
leafing specimens four miles higher up the Delaware. Peren-
nial. July.
302. ERYSIMUM. Gen. pi. 1090. (Cruafercc.)
Silique columnar, 4-sided. Calix closed.
1. E. siliques of the spike adpressed, leaves unci- officinale. »-
nate. — WiLld.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 560.
56 TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA.
Officinale Hedge-mustard.
A straggling plant, with very small yellow flowers, and a
hot pungent taste. About a foot or two feet high. On the
borders of fields and along fences, every where common.
Annual. July.
303. ARABIS. Gen. pi. 1049. (Crucifene.)
Silique linear (mostly compressed) crowned
with the subsessile stigma; valves venose
or nerved. Seeds disposed in a single se-
ries. Cotyledones accumbent. Calix erect.
— R. Brown. Hort. Kew. 4. p. 104.
thaliann.
1. A. radical leaves oblong, petiolate ; stem leaves
lanceolate, sessile; stem erect, hairy at the
base ; petals twice the length of the calix. —
Willd.
Icon. Curt. Fl. Lond. 2. t. 49.
Mouse-ear Wall-cress or Turkey-pod,
From six to ten inches high. Flowers small, white. In sandy
fields, woods and road-sides, every where common. Annual.
April till July.
2. A. leaves glabrous, radical ones lyrate, those
of the stem linear. — Willd.
Lijre-leaved Wall-cress.
About the size of the preceding, but has much larger flow-
ers— also white On all the high rocks of the neighbourhood,
at the roots of trees in the woods of Jersey, and in fields and
dry road-sides, every where abundant. It flowers often when
snow is on the ground in March, and continues in bloom till
July. Annual.
faicata. 3. A. leaves lanceolate, narrow at each end, re-
motely dentate, hastate-sessile ; siliques pendu-
lous, two-edged, scythe-shaped. — Mich.
A. Canadensis, Mich.
TETR ADYNAMIA, SILIQU08A, 57
Turritis foliis lanceolatis, dentatis, &c.
Icon. Piuk. aim. t. 86. f. 8. Gron. Virg.
Sickle-leaved Wall-cress.
A large species, being- often two or three feet high. Flow-
ers white, larger than those of Turritis laevigata. Siliques ar-
cuate, rigid, a little better than an eighth of an inch broad,
with a line on each side. On the rocks bordering Schuylkill,
not common. Perennial. May.
4. A. leaves glabrous, rhomboid, repand-obsolcte, rhomiwidea. ,
dentate; the lower ones on long petioles, root
tuberous. — Pers.
A. rhomboidea, Pers. and Pursh.
A. bulbosa, Muhl.
A. amara, Banks. (Pursh.)
Cardamine rotundifolium, Mich ?
Bulbous-rooted Wall-cress or Turkey-pod.
From ten to fifteen inches high. Flowers large, white ;
root tuberous. Along the marshy borders of the Delaware :
on the borders of the Schuylkill and Wissahickon ; in mea-
dows near rivulets and in ditches; common. Perennial. March,
April.
304. TURRITIS. Gen.pl. 1095. (Cruciferx.)
Silique elongated, ancipital ; valves nervose
or carinate. Seeds disposed in a double se-
ries. Cotyledones accumbent. — R. Brown.
1. T. leaves glabrous, radical ones obovate, ser- laevigata, w
rate, those of the stem lanceolate- linear, very
entire, amplexicaule. — Willd.
Smooth Tower -mustard.
From one foot to two feet high, very smooth. Flowers yel-
lowish-white, small. The plant resembles Arabis falcata. It
differs however, strikingly in fruit. Siliques from three to four
inches long, very numerous, quite flat, straight and little more
than one-sixteenth of an inch broad. On the high shady banks of
the Schuylkill, east side, about a mile or two south of the falls. I
have found it sparingly on the west side above the falls, on
rocks; rare. Biennial. April, May.
6*
MONADELPHIA.
LOBELIA.
GERANIUM.
SIDA.
MALVA.
HIBISCUS.
C 60]
CLASS XV.— MONADELPHIA.
ORDER I. PENTANDRIA.
305. LOBELIA. Gen. pi. 1363. {Lobeliacex.)
Calix 5-cleft. Corolla monopetalous, irregu-
lar, on the upper side cleft nearly to its base.
Stamina united into a tube. Stigma 2-
lobed ; involucrate ! involucrum (or indu-
sium) bearded. Capsule inferior or semi-
superior, 2 or 3-celled, opening at the sum-
mit. Seeds minute, scabrous. — JSTutt.
v ciaytoniana. 1. L. erect, simple, subpubesceiit ; leaves oblong,
somewhat obtuse, radical ones entire, those of
the stem above, denticulate; raceme virgate,
bractes subulate. — Mich, and Pursh.
L. spicata, Lamark.
Rapuntium foliis villosis mollibus, &c. Gron. Virg.
Clayton's Lobelia.
About eighteen inches high ; flowers blue. In cultivated
fields and woods, common. Perennial. July, August.
KaimiL 2. L. slender, erect, somewhat simple ; radical
leaves spathulate, stem leaves linear, very
sligbtly denticulate ; flowers racemose, alter-
nate, remote, pedicellate. — Willd.
A delicate species, about a foot high, with blue flowers. In
fields and meadows, common. Annual. July, August.
Does this plant differ from the one below, which I have quot-
ed on the authority of Mr. Nuttall ? The plant intended by me
referred to the above name, was considered by Dr. Muhlenberg
the Kalmii, and without any doubt. Mr. Nuttall makes this
different ; and as the plant has not flowered since I have seen
M0NADELPH1A, PENTANDRIA. 61
his work, I have consequently no opportunity of* examining
more accurately. The plant described by Mr. Nuttall as gra-
cilis, is the one so common in Jersey, and is the same intend-
ed by me in the present head. It appears to be Willdenow's
Kalmii, as it certainly is Muhlenberg's.
[L. stem erect, minutely scabrous, simple or fill- gracilis. y
formly branched ; leaves oblong-linear, mi-
nutely denticulate, partly obtuse and remote;
flowers slenderly racemose, distant; peduncle
coloured, shorter than the flower, bibi-acteate at
the base-f segments of the calix subulate, lon-
ger than the capsule which is obtuse below.
Obs. The radical leaves are spathulate and
mostly hirsute; stem leaves remote, sessile,
scarcely ever exceeding an inch in length. Stem
filiform, often somewhat flexuous, but erect.
Peduncles only 2 or 3 lines long, in the flower
blue; segments of the calix nearly double the
length ' the capsule. Flower blue; palate of
the lower lip marked with 2 acute white lines,
and 2 greenish spots with 2 others also near the
base of the tube. The root is slender but appa-
rently perennial. — Nutt.]
5. L. erect, branched, very hirsute; leaves ovate, infl»ta.
serrate ; racemes leafy, capsules inflated. —
mad.
Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med.U. S. vol. 1. 1. 16.
Indian Tobacco. Wild Tobacco. Emetic-weed.
An ordinary looking plant, of a grey aspect, from one foot
to eighteen inches high, having large inflated capsules and
small blue flowers. Possesses powerful medicinal virtues.
(See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In pastures, neglected fields, and
on road-sides, every where frequent. Annual. From June
till September.
4. L. erect, simple, a little hairy; leaves ovafe- siphiiinca. <
lanceolate, subserratc, raceme leafy ; calices
62 MOXADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
hirsute, with the divisions reflexed. — Jfft/d. and
Pursh.
Icon. Wood vihVs Med. Bot. vol. l.p. 177. t. 63.
A very elegant plant, from eighteen inches to three feet
high. Flowers Prussian-blue, very large, and handsome.
Possesses medicinal virtues, and has been much celebrated.
On the east margin of the Schuylkill, a mile or two south of
the falls ; and in swamps eight or ten miles from this city, west.
Not common. Perennial. July, August.
cardiuaiis. 5. L. erect, simple, pubescent ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate-acuminate, erose-denticulate; raceme
subsecund, many-flowered, the organs longer
than the corolla. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 320.
Cardinal Plant.
This is one of the most superb plants of the United States;
it is highly deserving cultivation in gardens, where with a little
attention it thrives exceedingly well. Flowers rich velvety-
crimson. Plant from fifteen inches to three feet high. On the
marshy borders of all our waters and ditches. In low wet mea-
dows and watery thickets; abundant. Perennial. July, August.
pallida. 6. xj.
L. pallida, Muhl.
L. goodenoides, Willd.
I have a specimen of a lobelia, common in this neighbour-
hood, marked by Dr. Muhlenberg, " L. pallida," with which
he makes the L. goodenoides, Willd. synonymous. I know not
in what this pallida differs from Claytoniana, which Pursh
makes synonymous with the goodenoides, of Willd. For the
present I leave it undecided.
ORDER III. DECANDRIA.
306. GERANIUM. Gen. pi. 1118. (Gerania.)
Calix 5 -leaved. Petals 5, regular. JVecta-
rium 5 melliferous glands ad n ate to the
base of the longer lilameuts. Arilli 5,
MONADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. 63
1 -seeded, tuvned, awns naked and straight.
Nutt.
1. G. erect, rctrorsely pubescent ; stem dichoto-macu,aturn- v-
mous; leaves opposite, 3 -5 -parted, incised,
upper ones sessile ; peduncles elongated, two-
flowered, petals obovate. — Willd.
Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. 1. 13.
Wild-geranium, Common Crane' 's -bill. Spotted
Crane's-bill.
A fine showy species, with large purple flowers. About
fifteen or eighteen inches high. Possesses medicinal virtues.
(See Veg. Mat. .Med. U. S.) In shady woods, meadows, bor-
ders of fields, and in hedges; very common. Perennial. June,
July.
2. G. diffuse, pubescent; leaves opposite, 5-lobed, caroiinian-
trifid, incised; peduncles 2-flowered, S!tbiasci-um*
culate; petals emarginate, of the length of the
awns of tbe calix, arillus, villose. — Willd, and
Pursh.
G. Carolinianum, /3. album, Mubl.
G. lanuginosum, Jacq. hort. scarce nb. 2. t. 140.
(Pursh.)
White -flowered Crane's-bill.
Almost procumbent, but very spreading. Flowers quite
small, white. In the sandy fields of Jersey, and cultivated fields
elsewhere ; common. Biennial. July.
3. G. peduncles two-flowered, longer than the leaf, coiumbinum,
leaves 5-parted ; lobes multifid, linear, petals
emarginate: capsules smooth, seeds reticulate.
— Smith, Willd. and Pursh.
A small species, scarcely exceeding six inches in height,
with deep purple flowers on a very long peduncle. On the
borders of fields and thickets, near Woodbury ; common. I
have not found it elsewhere. Annual. July.
4. G. peduncles 2-fiowered, flowers pentandrous, rwafam.
petals emarginate, of the length of the awn less
64 MONADELPHIA, POLYANDRIA.
calix: loaves sub-7-lobed, trifid; arillus pubes-
cent.— JVilld.
Smallest -Jlowered Crane's-bill.
This species has very minute purple flowers. On the road-
sides close to Kaighn's point, and in other similar places of
Jersey; rare. Annual. June.
ORDER IV. POLYANDRIA.
307. SID A. Gen. pi. 1129. (Malvacea.) #
Calix 5-cleft, simple. Style multipartite.
Capsules many^ 1 or 3-seeded.
spinosa. 1. S. stem spreading, axills subspinous, leaves on
long petioles, ovate-lanceolate, obsoletely cor-
date-dentate; peduncles solitary, axillary ; sti-
pules setaceous, longer than the peduncle ; cap-
sules birostrate. — Willd,
Pluk. aim. t. 9. f. 6.
Thormj Indian Mallow.
About a foot high. Flowers yellow. In and about Camden,
and on road-sides and among rubbish, both in Jersey and west
of the Delaware. Not uncommon. Annual. July.
AbutUon, 2. S. leaves subrotund-cordate, acuminate, den-
tate, tomentose; peduncles solitary, shorter than
the petiole; capsules bi-aristate, truncate. —
Willd.
Icon. Schkuhr. handb. 190. (Pursh.)
Round-leaved Indian Mallow.
From one to four orfive feet high. Leaves soft. Flowers pale-
yellow. In cultivated grounds and in wastes, every where very
common. Annual. Julv. August.
MONADELPHIA, POLYANDRIA. 65
308. MALVA. Gen. pi. 1134. (Malvacex.)
Calix tlouble; the exterior mostly 3-leaved.
Petals 5. Capsules many, 1- seeded, dis-
posed orbicularly. — Nutt.
1. M. stem prostrate; leaves cordate-orbiculate, rotumiifoiia. •
obsoletely 5-lobed; peduncles of the fruit decli-
n ate. — Willd.
Icon. FT. Dan. 721.
Round-leaved Mallow.
An Introduced and well-known weed, found always among
rubbish, near habitations, and in cultivated grounds, where it
is perfectly naturalized. Perennial. All summer.
309. HIBISCUS. Gen. pi. 1139. (Malvace*.)
Calix double; exterior many-leaved. Stigmas
mostly 5. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded.
1. H. leaves broad-ovate, obtusely serrate, sub- paiustm. w
trilobed, 3-nerved, tomentose beneath ; pedun-
cles axillary, longer than the petiole. — Willd.
Icon. Cavan. Diss. 3. t. 65. f. 2.
Marsh Hibiscus.
This elegant plant is very ornamental to our swamps and
water-sides. From two to four feet high. Flowers very large,
reddish-purple; rarely white. Along the Delaware, on either
side, below the city; very abundant. Perennial. August, Sep-
tember. .
VOL. II.
DIADELPHIA.
CORYDALIS.
POLYGALA.
LUPTNUS.
CROTALARIA.
LATHYRUS.
VICIA.
TRIFOLIUM.
STYLOSANTHES.
LESPEDEZA.
HEDYSARUM.
^SCHYNOMENE.
- PHASEOLUS.
APIOS.
GLYCINE.
GALACTIA.
CLITORIA.
ROBINIA.
TEPHROSIA.
[68 j
CLASS XVI.— DIADELPHIA.
ORDER II. HEXANDRIA.
310. CORYDALIS. Vent, choix de pi. 19. (Papaveracea.)
Calix 2-leaved. Corolla ringent. Filaments
2, membranaceous, each bearing 3 anthers.
Capsule siliquose, many seeded. — JSFutt.
1 . C. scape naked, raceme simple, secund ; nec-
taries divaricate, the length of the corolla, style
included ; root bulbous. — Pers.
Fumaria Cucullaria, Willd. and Mich.
Bicucullata Canadensis, Marchant.
Diclytra Canadensis, Bosc.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 1127.
Dutch-mans9 Breeches,
A very elegant plant ; with cream-coloured flowers, on a
naked scape. On the high woody banks of the Schuylkill,
east side, a little south of the falls, in the greatest profusion.
Perennial. April.
2. C. stem branched, diffused ; leaves bipinnate,
folioles divided, linear-lanceolate, acute at each
end; racemes leaning one way; bractes broad-
lanceolate, sub-denticulate; siliques terete, tur-
gid, twice the length of the peduncle. — Willd.
enum.
5laucn.
Golden-Jlowered Corydalis.
Flowers smaller than the preceding, and of a golden-yellow.
On the high rocks bordering the Wissahickon ; rare. Also
on the east banks of the Schuylkill, two miles above the falls,
but scarce. Annual. April, May.
3. C. stem branched, erect; leaves glaucous, those
of the stem biternate ; racemes subcorymbose,
DIADELPHIA, OCTANDRIA. 69
bractes minute, siliques linear, thrice as long a9
the peduncle. — Pers.
Fumaria sempervirens, Willd.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 179.
On the banks of the Schuylkill above the falls; and on the
Wissahickon above Langstroth's Mills; rare. Annual or Bien-
nial.
ORDER III.— OCTANDRIA.
311. POLYGALA. Gen. pi. 115. (Pediculares.)
Calix 5 -leaved ; % of the leaves in the form
of wings, and coloured. Capsule obcor-
date, 2-celled, 2-valved. — Nutt.
1. P. stem simple or branched ; lower and radi- i^a. »
cal leaves spathulate, the rest lanceolate ; spike
cylindrical-capitate, crowded with flowers, pe-
dunculated.— Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. amalth. t. 438. f. 6.
Fellow -flowered Milk-wort.
About ten or twelve inches high. Flower-heads yellow. In
bogs near Haddonfield, Jersey. Rare.
2. P. stem fastigiately branched ; leaves alter- purpurea.
nate, oblong-linear ; flowers beardless, imbri-
cated in obtuse cylindric spikes ; rachis squar-
rose ; wings of the calix cordate-ovate, erect,
twice as long as the capsule. — Nutt.
P. purpurea, Nutt.
P. sanguinea, Mich, and Pursh.
P. sanguinea, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.
From three to ten inches high. Flowers reddish -purple,
in terminal oblong-oval capituli. In the boggy grounds of
the Wopdlands ; abundant. In low grounds and fields of Jersey ;
common. This plant has been considered the real P. san-
guinea of L.., but according to Mr. Nuttall it differs specifi-
cally. Annual. July, August.
7#
TQ MADELPHIA, OCTANDRIA.
sanguinea. 3. P. stem fastigiately branched ; leaves alternate,
narrow-linear; flowers beardless, disposed in
long and crowded spikes; rachis squarrose;
calicine wings obovate, the length of the capsule.
— Nutt.
P. sanguinea, L., not of Mich, and Pursh.
Pluk. Mant. 153. t. 438. f. 5.
A smaller plant than No. 2. Leaves narrow, short; spikes
becoming finally, two or three inches long. Flowers dark
red, mingled with yellow and green. In the woods near Wood-
bury, Jersey ; not uncommon. Annual. July, August.
vevticiiiata. 4. P. leaves verticillate, linear and remote ; flow-
ers cristate, greenish ; calicine wings roundish,
nearly veinless, and shorter than the fruit to
which they are appressed; spikes pedunculate,
subacute; bractes deciduous; stem erect and
branched. — Nutt.
Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 438. f. 4.
From six to twelve inches high, very much branched. Flow-
ers small, white and pale-red. In open woods, common. An-
nual. June, August.
ambigua. 5. p. first leaves verticillate, linear, the rest al-
ternate ; stem virgately branched ; spikes acute,
upon very long peduncles ; flowers cristate, pur-
plish; calicine wings round and venose, equal
wTith the fruit to which they are appressed;
bractes deciduous. — Nutt.
P. ambigua, Nutt.
Hitherto confounded with No. 4, which it closely resem-
bles. In woods, road-sides and the borders of cultivated fields;
not uncommon. Annual. July, August.
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. 71
ORDER IV. DECANDRIA.
312. LUPINUS. Gen. pi. 1176. (Ltgwninone.)
Calix bilabiate. Five of the anthers oblong,
and 5 partly round. Legume coriaceous,
torulose. — Nutt.
1. L. perennial, repent; stem and leaves smooth- perennis.
ish;' leaves digitate ; folioles (8-9) lanceolate,
somewhat obtuse; cahces alternate, without ap-
pendices ; upper lip emarginate, lower one en-
tire.— Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 202.
Perennial Lupin.
From one foot to eighteen inches high. Flowers fine purple.
This elegant plant ought to be cultivated in gardens. In the
woods of Jersev, every where abundant. Perennial. May till
July.
313. CROTALARIA. Gen. pi. 1172. (Leguminosx.)
Vex ilium large and cordate; carina acumi-
nate. Filaments united in one body, with
a dorsal fissure. Legume pedicellate, tur-
gid.— Nutt.
1. C. hirsute, erect, branched ; leaves simple, ob- sagittal.*.
long-lanceolate; stipules lanceolate-acuminate,
decurrent ; racemes opposite-leaved, sub-3-flow-
ered ; corollas smaller than the calix. — JFilld.
CI sagittalis, /3. oblonga, Mich.
Arrow Rattle-box.
From four to ten inches high. Flowers yellow. The pods
are indigo-blue or black, and very hard, so that the seed con-
tained within, rattle against the sides ; hence the name. In the
sandy fields of Jersey, very abundant. In a stony field above
the falls of Schuylkill and elsewhere, frequent. Annual. July.
72
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
314. LATHYRUS. Gen. pi. 1186. (Leguminosa.)
Style flat, broader above and villous on the
upper side. The upper segments of the
calix shorter. — JSTutt.
myrtifoiiuj. \9 L# stem naked, tetragonous ; stipules semi-sa-
gittate, lanceolate-acuminate ; folioles 4, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, mucronate, venose-reticulate ;
peduncles longer than the leaf, sub -3 -flowered.
— Willd. ^ • ~
Myrtle-leaved Pea-vine.
Flowers pale purple. Among the large autumnal plants
in the marshy borders of the Delaware ; common. Perennial.
July, August. s?
' 315. VICIA. Gen. pi. 1187. (Legumi?iosa.)
Stigma transversely bearded on the under .
side. Calix emarginate and bidentate
above, the 3 lower dentures long and
straight. Vexillum emarginate. — JSTutt.
Americana. i. V. peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the
leaf; stipules semi-sagittate, dentate ; folioles
8-12, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous.—
Willd.
American Vetch.
Resembles Lathyris palustris, somewhat. Flowers purple.
On the Schuylkill above Lemon-hill; rare. Perennial. July.
C race a?
2. V. spikes many-flowered, retrorsely imbricated,
longer than the leaf; stipules semi-sagittate,
linear-subulate, very entire; folioles numerous,
lanceolate-oblong, pubescent. — Willd. Sf Pursh.
Flowers blue. Resembles No. 1, but much more rare. In
watery thickets, scarce. Perennial. July.
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
316. TRIF0L1UM. Gen. pi. 1211. (Leguminosx.)
Flowers subcapitate. — Legume valveless, co-
vered by the calix, 2 to 4-seeded.
1. T. procumbent, pubescent; folioles obovate, reflexum.
stipules oblique cordate; capituii many-flower-
ed, flowers pedicellate, all finally reflexed; le-
gumens sub-3-seeded. — Willd. and Pursh.
Baffaloe Clover.
A handsome species, with large rosaceous flowers. On the
bluff bordering the Schuylkill, Woodlands ; rare. Perennial.
June.
2. T. repent ; folioles ovate-oblong, emarginate, repew.
serrulate ; capituii umbelled,calicine teeth nearly
equal ; legumens4-seeded. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 990.
White Clover.
A well-known clover with white flowers. In pastures, com-
mons, woods, and on new-cleared grounds ; every where
abundant. Perennial. May till September.
3. T. spikes dense; stem adscending ; corollas un- pratense.
equal ; four of the calix teeth equal ; stipules
awned. — Smith.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 989.
Red Clover.
Common red clover, though not a native, is completely na-
turalized. In pastures, on commons, and in woods. Perennial.
All summer.
4. T. erect, very much branched, villous; folioles arvense.
linear-lanceolate, serrulate at the apex; stipules
connate, subulate at the apex; spikes very vil-
lose, subcylindrical; calicine teeth longer than
the corolla. — JVilld.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 724. Curt. fl. Lond. 50.
74 DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
Hares'1 -foot. BulVs Clover,
From ten to twelve inches high. Capituli reddish. In fields
of Jersey in the greatest profusion, rendering them quite red
at a distance. This plant is said to be medicinal, and it is
brought to our markets for use in domestic medicine. It is
found in cultivated grounds, and on the edges of open woods,
every where. Flowers white, with red spots. Annual. July
till September.
agrarium. 5. T. erect, subpubescent ; folioles lanceolate-cu-
neate, obtuse, the intermediate sessile ; stipules
lanceolate, acute ; spikes oval, imbricate ; vex-
illum deflexed, persistent; calicine teeth subu-
late, glabrous, unequal. — Willd.
T. aureum, Pollich. fl. palat. 708.
T. strepens, Crantz. fl. aust. 411. m. 8. (Pursh.)
Icon. Fl. Dan. 558.
Large Hop-trefpil.
About twelve or fifteen inches high, with bright golden-
yellow capituli. This elegant species I have only found along
the course of the Schuylkill, west side, in woods. In the woods
near Mantua and Powelton, abundant. Annual. June, August.
procumbens. 6. T. procumbent; stem hairy, folioles obovate,
emarginate, glabrous; stipules lanceolate-acu-
minate, pubescent or ciliate ; capituli oval, im-
bricate ; vexillum deflexed, persistent, furrow-
ed. B.
T. procumbens, Schreber.
T. minus, Smith?
Small Hop-trefoil.
Intermediate in size between No. 5, and No. 7; procumbent.
Capituli pale straw -yellow, ovate ; stipules and stem very pu-
bescent. In Jersey, on commons and in pastures ; frequer
July, August.
minimus. 7. T. semi-procumbent ; stem glabrous ; folioles
long-cuneate, emarginate, denticulate, glabrous;
stipules ovate-acuminate, peduncles filiform, ca-
pituli nearly round, vexillum deflexed. B.
Is this T. campestre, Muhl. Cat.?
DIADELPHIA, DECANDR1 A. 75
Least Hop-trefoil.
Stem from an inch or two long-, to thirteen inches, always
glabrous. I have found this species common in Jersey, particu-
larly near Woodbury, on commons and in pastures. July.
317. STYLOSA^THES. [Swartz.] Gen. pi. 1203. (Leguminos*.)
Calix tubulous and very long, bearing the co-
rolla. Germ beneath the corolla. Loment
with 1 or 2 articulations, hooked. — Nutt.
1. S. stem pubescent ; folioles lanceolate-glabrous ; eiatior.
bractes lanceolate-cilliate ; capituli 2-3-flower-
ed. — Mich.
Stylosanthes elatior, Swartz.
S. hispida, /3. hispidissima, Mich.
Trifolium biflorum, Sp. PL 1088.
Arachis aprica, Walt.
Hispid Stijlosanthes. ^r
From six to twelve inches high. Flowers yellow. In sandy
fields, woods, and on road-sides in Jersey; every where com-
mon. West of the Delaware, more rare. Perennial. July,
August.
318. LESPEDEZA. Mich. Fl. Am. (Leguminosce.)
Calix 5-parted; bibracteate at the base, seg-
ments subequal. Carina transversely ob-
tuse. Loment lenticular, unarmed, (^-
seeded. — Mich.
1. L. erect and somewhat ramose ; leaflets ob- lessiiiflora.
long-oval, obtuse; fascicles of flowers subses-
sile, axillary ones partly racemose; loment
naked, acute.
Hedysarum reticulatum, Muhl.
H. sessiflorum, Lam. "- * - ,
H. junceum, Walt.
H. reticulatum, Willd.
Medicago Virginica, Syst. Veg.
76
capitata.
polystachya.
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
Veined-leaved Lespedeza.
A slender and handsome species, from one to two feet high.
Flowers purple. In the borders of sandy fields in Jersey ; fre-
quent. Perennial. July.
2. L. erect, simple; leaves subsessile; folioles el-
liptical; spikes capitate, shortly pedunculated,
axillary and conglomerate-terminal; calices vil-
lose, the length of the corolla; loments much
smaller than the calix. — Mich, and Pursh.
Lespedeza fruticosa, Pers.
Hedysarum frutescens, L.
Shrubby Lespedeza.
Almost three feet high. Flowers white, or very pale purple.
On the borders of fields in Jersey ; not unfrequent. In the
hedges near Kaighn's point. ^ . June, July.
jttfc erect, branched, very villose; leaves subses-
JFe ; folioles rotund, oval ; spikes axillary, on
long peduncles ; corolla nearly equal to the ca-
lix; loment nearly equal to the calix. — Mich.
Hedysarum hirtum, Willd.
Icon. Mich. fl. am. 2. t. 40.
violacea.
About the same height as the preceding, with handsomer
foliage. Flowers small, white. Grows with No. 3, but much
more rare. \ . June, July.
#
L. leaves ternate, elliptical, obtuse; racemes
umbellate, the length of the petiole; flowers in
pairs; loments rhomboid-reticulate, glabrous.
— Willd.
Hedysarum violaceum, Willd.
Violet -flowered Lespedeza.
A handsome species, with violet-coloured flowers. In sandy
woods, six or ten miles west of the Delaware, and in similar
places in Jersey; not very common. Perennial. July.
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. !
5. L. diffuse, branched ; folioles oblong, obtuse, diverge™
adpressed, hairy below; racemes longer than
the petiole flowers, in pairs ; loinents ovate, re-
ticulate, smooth. — Pursh,
Hedysarum divergens, Willd.
Diverging Lespedeza.
Proximately allied to No. 4, but certainly a distinct species,
and not a mere variety. I am quite familiar with this plant,
which grows in such profusion in the vicinity of Lancaster. It is
common also through the woods of Maryland, and near the
city of Washington, in all which places it preserves its charac-
ters. Flowers purple. In the sandy woods near Woodbury ;
very rare. Perennial. July.
6. L. procumbent and slender, every where pubes- procumtem.
cent, but more particularly the stem petioles,
and peduncles ; leaflets oval ; peduncles very
long and setaceous; raceme short, subumbell^
flowers by pairs, distinct; loment oval, nei
smooth. — NutL
Hedysarum Lespedeza, Lamark.
H. prostratum, Willd., not H. divergens, Willd.
(See Persoon's Synopsis.)
Trailing Lespedeza,
This delicate and handsome plant is one of the commonest
species of the genus in this vicinity, being found every where
in sandy grounds of Jersey; and west of the river. Mr. Pursh^
and Mr. Nuttall, have, besides this species, L. prostrata, Willd.^
which is identical with the present plant. Flowers rosaceous-
purple. Perennial. June, July.
7. L. leaves ternate, subrotund-eliiptical, emar- repa-
ginate; racemes axillary; loments repand. —
Willd.
Hedysarum repens, Willd. and Muhl.
A delicate and pretty species, found in the shady woods of
Jersey, and, in woods above the falls of Schuylkill, east side.
Perennial. July.
vol. li. 8
78 DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
319. HEDYSARUM. Gen. pi. 1204. (Leguminosa.)
Calix 5-cleft. Carina transversely obtuse.
Loment of several articulations ; joints 1-
seeded, compressed, and mostly hispid. —
Nutt.
canadense. i. H. erect, smoothish ; leaves ternate, oblongo-
lanceolate; stipules filiform; flowers racemose;
the joints of the loment obtuse, triangular, his-
pid.— Willd.
About two and a half feet high. Whole plant of a greyish-
green. Flowers purplish. In woods and thickets, common.
Perennial. July, August.
2. H. erect, branched, hairy ; leaves ternate, ob-
A*long, villous beneath; stipules subulate; ra-
^Hemes paniculate ; loments tri-articulate, joints
rhomboid, reticulate, hairy. — Willd.
Icon. Dill. elth. t. 174. f. 171. (Pursh.)
Marilandi-
cum.
About the size of "No. 1. Flowers also purplish. In similar
places with the preceding. Not uncommon. Perennial. July,
August.
viridifiorum. 3. H. erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves ternate,
f ovate-oblong, scabrous underneath ; stipules
lanceolate-cuspidate; racemes paniculate, brac-
teate; loments rough, joints oval. — Willd,
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 308. f. 5.
Three, or three and a half feet high. Flowers first purple
or reddish, and afterwards bluish-green. In woods, and on
the borders of neglected fields, common. Perennial. July,
August.
bracteosum. 4. H. erect, glabrous ; leaves ternate, oblong-
oval, acuminate; stipules subulate; raceme ter-
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. T9
minal, few-flowered ; bractes ovate, acuminate,
striate, glabrous; joints of the loment suboval.
— Mich, and Pursh.
H. cuspidatum, Willd.
A very large species, often four feet high. Pursh has de-
scribed this plant and the H. cuspidatum severally — they are
identical. In open woods and thickets, not uncommon. On the
bluff' at the Woodlands, abundant. Flowers large, purplish-red.
Perennial. July to September.
5. H. erect, smoothish ; leaves ternate, ovate, pu- ciiiare.
bescent beneath, ciliated on the margin ; sti-
pules filiform ; panicle terminal ; joints of the lo-
ment sejmi-orbiculate, hispid. — Willd.
%
About two and a half feet high. It is sometimes pubes- ~
cent. Flowers small, violet-coloured. On the margins of sandy
fields in Jersey, every where common. Perennial. July.
6. H. erect, glabrous ; leaves ternate, oblong- pankuiatum.
lanceolate or elliptical, smooth ; stipules subu-
late ; panicle terminal ; joints of the loment (4,)
rhomboid pubescent. — Willd.
Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 432. f. 6.
Fram two to three feet high. Leaves of a deep green,
with a whitish central longitudinal spot. Flowers purple.
Growing in thickets and woods ; common. Perennial. July.
7. H. very erect, glabrous, simple ; leaves petio- strictum.
late, ternate, linear-elliptical, glabrous, reticu-
late, veined, glaucous beneath ; stipules subu-
late; panicle terminal, pedunculate, few-flow-
ered.— Pursh.
Flowers small, pale purple. In the woods of Jersey, near
Woodbury; rare. Perennial. July, August.
8. H. erect, simple; leaves long, petiolate, ter- giutiuos»m,
nate, subrotund-ovate acuminate; panicle scape-
form from the base of the stem ; peduncles hairy,
viscous; joints of the loment oblong-triangular,
smootish. — Willd.
£0
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
H. glutinosum, Muhl.
H. acuminatum, Mich.
About a foot or two high. Flowers purple. In woods and
thickets, common. Perennial. July.
nudiflorum. 9. H. erect, simple, smoothish; leaves ternate,
broad-ova], acuminate; scape paniculate, gla-
brous; joints of the loment sub rotund-triangular,
smoothish. — Willd,
Resembles No. 8, very closely. Flowers like the preceding.
Perennial. June to September.
rotundifoli*
urn.
10. H. trailing, hirsute ; leaves ternate, orbicu-
lar,- every yvhere hairy ; stipules rotund-cordate,
reflexed ; racemes axillary and paniculate, ter-
minal, few-flowered ; bractes cordate ; joints of
the loment sub-rhomboid, reticulate, scabrous.
— Mich, and Pursh.
H. canescens, Willd. ?
itispida.
Easily distinguished from any of the species of this elegant
genus, by the round leaves. Flowers purple. In woods, on
rocks and in dry copses ; common. Perennial. July.
320. iESCHYNOMENE. Gen. pi. 1202. (Leguminosa.)
•• Stamina divided into 2 equal bodies."
Brown. Loment exserted, compressed,
one of the sutures straight, the other lobed ;
articulations truncated, 1 -seeded. Calix
bilabiate, labia dentate. — Nutt.
1. JE. the erect stem and petioles tuberculate-his-
pid ; leaves in many-pairs ; folioles linear, ob-
tuse; stipules membranaceous, semi-saggittate;
racemes simple, few-flowered; loments hispid.
—Willd. Sp. PI. 3. p. 1163.
Hedysarum Virginicum, Willd. Sp. PI. 3. p. 1212.
A striking and elegant plant, about two feet high. Flowers
yellow, veined with red. On the banks of the Delaware be-
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. 81
tween Kaighn's point and the ferry below. Very rare. An-
nual. July.
321. PHASEOLUS. Gen. pi. 1180. (Leguminosce.)
Carina with the style and stamina spirally
convolute. Legume compressed, falcate.
Seeds compressed, reniform. — Nutt.
1. P. twining, altogether pubescent ; leaves broad- Perennis-
ovate, the odd one subcordate ; racemes in pairs,
longer than the leaf; peduncles in pairs ; brae-
tes obsolete; legumens pendulous. — TFilld. and
Pursh,
P. paniculata, Mich.
Dolichos polystachys, Willd.
Perennial Kidney -bean.
In woods among rocks, rare. Perennial. July, August.
2. P. twining, perennial, a little hairy ; folioles peduncuiaris.
oblong-oval, subdeltoid, somewhat obtuse; ca-
pitulion long peduncles ; vexillum short; wings
large, expanded ; legumes terete-linear. — Willd.
and Pursh.
Glycine peduncuiaris, Muhl.
Glycine umbellata, Willd.
Phaseolous helvolus, L. and Mich.
Icon. Dill. elth. t. 233. f. 300. (Pursh.)
A handsome species, trailing on the ground. Flowers pink
and deep purple ; peduncles very long. In fields and woods
of Jersey, abundant; sufficiently common in similar situations
elsewhere. Perennial. July.
leaves lanceolate, sub-acuminate; peduncles very & parabolic*
long. B.
Glycine peduncuiaris, /g. parabolica, Bart. Prod.
Fl. Ph. p. 71.
Phaseolus parabolica, Nutt.
Resembles No. 2, very much, and grows with it. Flowers
pink and dark purple. Perennial. July.
8*
82
mlobus.
tuberosus.
DIADELPftJA, DECANDRIA.
3. P. twining, pubescent ; low^fottJtes rhomboid-
oval, upper trilobate; capituli on long* pedun-
cles ; legumens linear. — Mich.
Phaseolus trilobus, Mich, not of Willd. and Ait.
which latter is Dolichos trilobus, L.
P. vexillatus, Walt.
Glycine angulosa, Willd.
Is this P. angulosus, Pers. ?
On the high sandy banks of the Delaware, Jersey side, about
four miles below Kaighn's point; rare. Annual. July.
322. APIOS. [Glycine. Gen. pi.] (Leguminosce.)
Calix sub-bilabiate, truncate, with but a sin-
gle denture situated beneath the carina.
Carina falcate, reflecting the apex of the
vexillum. Germ cylindrically sheathed
at the base. Legume many-seeded. — JSTutt.
1. A. twining, glabrous: root tuberous; leaves
pinnate ; folioles 5-7, ovate-lanceolate, narrow
above; spikes crowded, shorter than the leaves.
— Pursh.
Apios tuberosus, Pursh.
Glycine Apios, Willd.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 1198.
Wild Potatoe-riue.
Root tuberous, esculent. Flowers brownish purple. In
bogs of Jersey, and along hedges elsewhere; not uncommon.
Perennial. J uly .
323. GLYCINE. Gen. pi. 1182. (Legurrunos*.)
Calix 4 -cleft, subequal, upper segment bifid,
base partly attenuated. Vexillum oboval;
wings bidentate at the base ; carina often
incurved, shorter than the vexillum. Germ
naked at the base. Legume oblong, com-
pressed, 2- seeded, sessile.- — Nutt.
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. 83
1. G. stem weak, hairy backward; leaves ter-m°noica,
nate, ovate, acute, glabrous, membranaceous;
racemes cauline, pendulous, loose, corollate for
the most part sterile; bractes suborbiculate,
concave. — JfVld. and Pursh.
G. bracteata, Sp. PI. p. 754.
A common plant in shady woods and thickets. Flowers
blue, sometimes white. Annual. July, August.
324. GALACTIA. Brown. Mich. PL Am. 2. p. 61.
(Leguminoste .)
Calix 4-cleft? bibracteolate. Petals all ob-
long;, the vexillum broader and incumbent.
Anthers oblong. Stigma obsolete. Stipe
of the germ naked. Legume terete, many-
seeded. — J\Tutt.
1. G. nearly smooth; leaves ternate, elliptic-ob-slabelIa«
long, subcoriaceous and lucid, at either extre-
mity, emarginate; racemes pedunculate, a little
shorter than the leaves: flowers pedicellate;
calix and legume smooth ; stem prostrate. — JWitt.
Dolichos regularis, VVilld.
Ervum volubile, Walt.
A procumbent trailing1 plant, with flowers of purple, red
and white mixed. Peduncles about an inch and a half, or two
inches long. In sandy fields, and a sandy grassy lane, a little
south of the ferry, three miles below Kaighn's point, Jersey.
Perennial. June, July.
325. CLITORIA. Gen. pi. 1183. (Leguminosae.)
Calix campanulate (the 2 lower dentures
longer and often falcate) or tubnlous, 5-
toothed. Coro/Zaresupinate; vexillumverj
large and spreading, overshadowing the
wings. Legume linear, acuminate, many-
seeded. — J\'*utt.
84 DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
Mariana. i. C. leaves ternate ; calix much larger than the
linear-lanceolate bractes, oblong-tubulous, 5-
cleft; legumen torulose, with convex front;
seeds glutinous. — Mich.
A very elegant plant, with large rose-coloured flowers. On
the rocks bordering the Schuylkill, about half a mile above
Lemon-hill. Scarce. I have found it nowhere else. Perennial.
July, August.
326. ROBINIA. Gen. pi. 1195. (Leguminos*.)
Calix small aud campanulate, 4-cleft, upper
segment bifid. Legume compressed and
elongated, many-seeded, seeds compress-
ed, small. — Nutt.
pseud-acacia, l. R. leaves oddly -pinnate ; stipules thorny ; ra-
cemes pendulous ; calicine teeth awnless ; le-
gumes smooth. — WilltL
Icon. Schmidt, arb. 32. (Pursh.)
White Locust-tree. American Locust. False
Acasia.
A very ornamental tree, with white, sweet-scented flowers.
Its wood is extremely durable, resisting injuries from moisture,
for which reason it is much used for making the posts of rail
fences throughout the United States, also the posts of gates.
On the borders of fields for ten miles around Philadelphia,
common. \ . May, June.
327. TEPHROSIA. Persoon. (Leguminosx.)
Dentures of the calix subulate, subequal. Sta-
mina monadelphous. Legume compressed,
subcoriaceous. — Nutt.
•Virginian* l. T. erect; white-villous ; folioles (17-21) oval-
oblong, acuminate ; raceme terminal, short,
subsessile; legumes retro-falcate, villous; cali-
ces woolly. — Pers. and Pursh.
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. 85
Galega Virginiana.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 23. f. 2.
Goats'-rue.
About twelve or fifteen inches high. An extremely elegant
plant, highly deserving universal cultivation in our gardens.
Flowers blossom-red and white mixed. In the high woody
banks of the Wissahickon. In the woods of Jersey, abundant.
And in dry sandy woods elsewhere, not unfrequent. Peren-
nial. June.
SYNGENESIA.
-CICHORIUM.
„ LEONTODON.
PRENANTHES.
LACTUCA.
SONCHUS.
- HIERACIUM.
KRIGIA.
ARCTIUM.
CNICUS.
LIATRIS
VERNONIA.
KUHNIA.
EUPATORIUM.
MIKANIA.
CACALIA.
TANACETUM.
GNAPHALIUM.
ERIGERON.
INULA.
ASTER.
, SOLIDAGO.
SENECIO.
CHRYSANTHEMUM.
ACHILLEA.
HELIOPSIS.
HELENIUM.
HELIANTHUS.
RUDBECKIA.
BIDENS.
ACT1NOMERIS.
AMBROSIA.
XANTHIUM
[88]
CLASS XVIL— SYNGENESIA.
ORDER I. POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS.
(Flowers all hermaphrodite, fertile.)
§ 1. Florets all ligulate.
328. CICHORIUM. Gen. pi. 1251. ( Cichoracex.)
Calix caliculate. Receptacle subpaleaceous.
Pappus many-leaved, paleaceous.
mtybus. i# c. flowers axillary, in pairs, subsessile; leaves
runcinate. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 907. Engl. Bot. f 39. Wood-
ville's Med. Bot.
Wild Succory.
A straggling plant, with ordinary foliage, but rather hand-
some blue flowers. They occur occasionally white. Introduc-
ed, but naturalized in wastes near the city; abundant. Possesses
medicinal virtues. (See Woodville's Med. Bot.) Perennial.
July, August.
329. LEONTODON. Gen. pi. 1237. ( Cichoracex.)
Calix double. Receptacle naked. Pappus
stipitate, plumose.
Taraxacum, 1. L. exterior calix reflexed ; scape one-flowered;
leaves runcinate, glabrous; segments lanceo-
late-dentate.— Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 574. Engl. Bot. 510. Wood-
ville's Med. Bot. vol. l.t. 3.
*k Dandelion.
Every person i^familiar with this common weed. Like
chickweed and the common plantanes, it is little injured by
hard usage, so that it thrives and flowers among bricks on the
SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS. 89
pavements, and in turnpike-roads. In pastures, grass-plots,
iields and road-sides, every where abundant. It is possessed
of medicinal properties, among which its diuretic power is
universally known. Perennial. All summer.
330. PRENANTHES. Gen.pl. 1236. (Cichoracece.)
Flosculi definite, 5 to 20. Calix caliculate.
Receptacle naked. Pappus simple, sub-
sessile.
1. P. radical leaves angular-hastate, dentate, sub- aiba.
lobate; those of the stem subrotund-ovate, den-
tate, petiolate ; upper ones lanceolate ; panicle
loose, fascicles terminal, nutant; calices 8-fid,
9-10-flowered. — Willd. and Pursh.
P. suavis, Parad. Lond. 85.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 1079.
JVhite-flowered Wild Lettuce, or Ivy-leaf.
From two to five feet high. Leaves thick ; flowers yellow-
ish-white; calices purple. On the edges of shady woods ; not
rare. Perennial. August, September.
2. P. stem paniculate above ; leaves petiolate, cordata
cordate, dentate, ciliate; floral leaves sessile,
oblong, y^ry entire; panicle loose, raceme-
flowered ; flowers nutant ; calices 6-cleft, 6-flow-
ered. — Willd. hort. berol. 2.5, and Pursh.
From eighteen inches to two and a half feet high. Leaves
thin, or semi-membranaceous. Flowers slender, whitish-yel-
low. In shady woods; rare. Perennial. August, September.
3. P. leaves dentate, rough ; those of the root pal- serpentaria.
mate-sinuate, of the stem long, petiolate, sinu-
ate-pin natifid, nearly three lobed ; intermediate
divisions three-parted, upper ones lanceolate;
racemes terminal, subpaniculate, short, nutant;
calices 8-cleft, 12-flowered. — Pursh.
P. Serpentaria, Pursh.
Icon. Pursh. Fl. Am. Sep.. vol. 2. t. 24.
VOL. II. 9
90
rubicunda.
SYNGENESIA, iEQUALIS.
Lion's-foot. Dr. TVitVs Snake-root.
Seldom exceeding two feet and a half in height, and not
unfrequently flowering much under this size. I cannot think,
as Mr. Nuttall has intimated, that this plant is scarcely more
than a variety of P. alba, for I have met with hundreds of spe-
cimens of it in a pedestrian journey through Maryland, con-
stantly presenting the same aspect and characters, and found it
in company with P. alba, which latter is always a much larger
plant, frequently attaining a height of six feet. On the border
of woods about 9 or 10 miles south-west of Philadelphia, not
far from the Chester-road. Very rare in this vicinity. Stem and
flowers dingy-purple and yellow. Possesses medicinal virtues.
(Pursh.) Perennial. September.
4. P. leaves ciliate, radical, hastate-angular, sub-
entire; lower ones obovate, attenuate at the
base, subangular; the upper ones lanceolate,
very entire; raceme simple, flowers nutant. —
TVilld. and Pursh.
P. alba, 0. Sp. PI. 1122.
P. autumnalis, Gron. Fl. Virg. p. 89.
About fifteen or eighteen inches high. On the edge of the
woods near the Lancaster turnpike -road, 9 or 10 miles from
Philadelphia, frequent. Perennial. August, September.
301. LACTUCA. Gen. pi. 1234. ( Cichoracea.)
Calix imbricated, cylindric, margin (of the
segments) membranaceous. Receptacle na-
ked. Pappus simple, stipitate. Seed even.
— Mutt.
eiongata. 1 . L. leaves smooth beneath, lowest ones runcinate,
very entire, amplexicaule ; lower ones dentate,
upper ones lanceolate ; flowers corymbose-pani-
culate.— Willd. enum.
L. longifolia, Mich.
Long-leaved Wild-lettuce. Fire-weed.
From three to six feet high. Flowers small, yellowish. On
the borders of fields, in woods, and on road-sides, very com-
mon. Biennial. August, September.
SYNGENESIA, JEQUALIS. 91
302. SOXCHUS. Gen. pi. 1233. (Cichoracex.)
Calix imbricated; ventricose. Receptacle na-
ked. Pappus pilose, sessile.
1. S. peduncles sub-squamose; flowers paniculate; Fio^anus.
leaves lyrate-runcinate, denticulate, petiolate. —
J J Hid. and Pursh,
Gall of the earth. Blue-flowered Sow-thistle.
From three to six feet high. Flowers large, blue. Pursh
says this plant is used like Prenanthes Serpentaria, to cure
the bite of the rattle-snake. On the bank walk of the Schuyl-
kill from Gray's ferry to Kingsess Gardens. Also on the
Woodlands, near the Schuylkill ; not common. Perennial.
July, September.
2. S. peduncles sub-tomentose, umbellate; calices oieracem.
glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, amplexi-
caule-denticulate, subsinuate. — JVilld.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 682. Curt. Fl. Dan. 58.
Yellow -flowered or common Sow-thistle.
A well-known pestiferous weed to farmers. From three to
six feet high. Flowers pale-yellow. On the borders of fields
and the edges of woods, abundant every where. Annual. July,
September.
3. S. peduncles squamose ; flowers racemose; leucopiweus.
leaves runcinate, acuminate ; stem paniculate-
virgate. — Jf'illd.
L. spicatus, Lamark.
About three or four feet high. Flowers small, white ;
slightly tinged with blue. On the bank walk of the Schuyl-
kill from Gray's ferry, to Kingsess Gardens. Biennial. July,
September.
4. S. peduncles subsquamose ; flowers paniculate ; acuminatus.
radical leaves subruncinate; stem leaves ovate-
acuminate, petiolate, denticulate in the middle.
— TFilld. and Pursh.
Lactuca villosa, Jacqu. ?
Resembles No. 1, very mucn^mt the flowers, which are
blue, are half the size of them. Grows with No. 1.; not com-
mon. Biennial. August, September.
93 SYNGENESIA, jEQUALIS.
303. HIERACIUM. Gen. pi. 1238. (Cichorace*.)
Calix imbricate, ovate. Receptacle nearly
naked. Pappus simple, sessile, (pale yel-
lowish brown.)
venosnm. 1. H. scape naked, corymbose-paniculate, gla-
brous; pedicels filiform ; leaves obovate-lance-
olate, rarely hairy above ; beneath naked, dil-
ate at the margin, glandulous-denticulate ; veins
coloured, calices smooth. — Willd. and Pursh.
Veined-leaved Hawk-weed. Poor Robert's Plan-
tane.
From one to two feet high. Leaves veined with red. Flow-
ers bright yellow. In shady woods, every where very com-
mon. Perennial. June to August.
Gronovii. 2. H. scape leafy, corymbose-paniculate ; calices
and peduncles glandulous-hairy ; leaves obovate,
obtuse, very entire above ; sparingly strigose-
villous, the middle nerve beneath very villous.
— Willd. and Pursh.
About the size of the preceding. Flowers pale-yellow and
much smaller. In woods and on dry exposed places; com-
mon. Perennial. July, August.
panicuiatum. 3, H. smoothish ; stem erect, leafy-paniculate,
white-woolly below ; pedicels capillary ; leaves
lanceolate, naked, dentate, membranaceous. —
Willd. and Pursh.
In more moist places than Xo. 1, and 2, common. Flowers
yellow, small. Perennial. July, August.
scabrum. 4. H. very hirsute ; stem erect, leafy, hispid, very
scabrous with brown dots; leaves oblong-ovate,
entire, every where hirsute ; panicle somewhat
simple, many-flowered, with gland ulous-hispid
calices; pedicels short, divaricate. — Mich, and
Pursh. 0t
H. marianum, Muhl.
SYNGENESIA, iEQUALIS. 03
Easily known from all the preceding species by its being
very hairy. In woods and shady places, and not unfrequently
on the borders of fields. Common. Perennial. August, Sep-
tember.
304. KRIGIA. Gen, pi. 1244. (Cichoracex.)
Calix many-leaved^ simple. Receptacle na-
ked. Pappus double, external membrana-
ceous 5 or S-leaved, interior about 5, 8, or
24< scabrous setae. — Nutt.
1. K. small; leaves lyrate, glaucous, smoothish, vh-ginica.
margin ciliated; scape one-flowered, twice as
long as the leaves ; calix about 8-leaved. — WiUd,
and Pursh.
Hyosceris Virginica, Sp. PI. 1138.
Icon. Lamark, Jour. Hist. Nat. 1. t. 12.
About three or six inches high. Leaves and stem of a
bluish-green. Flowers small, deep-yellow. On commons and
road-sides; in pastures and fields, every where common. An-
nual. May till July.
caulescent, dichotomous; leaves sub-spathutate- 0. dkhotom.
linear, nearly entire, sparingly ciliate ; scapes
numerous, long, one-flowered. B.
Hyosceris ? ramosissima, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. 75,
Krigia dichotoma, Nutt.
From ten to twelve inches high, very much branched from
the root. Flowers yellow, and of the same size as in No. 1.
After close attention to this plant, I believe it to be no more
than a variety of the preceding, having found a few speci-
mens this season, (1818,) approximating towards the diffuse
caulescent variety above. I have found tills variety in the
sandy fields of Jersey, opposite South wark, and in Maryland
on the road to Baltimore. Annual. July, August.
2. H. glabrous, glaucous; stem erect, in S-S-divi-^P1^*"*
sions, nearly naked ; leaves glabrous, radical '
ones sublyrate, those of the stem amplexicaule,
lanceolate, very entire, glabrous. — Pers.
9* .
94 SYNGENESIA, tEQUALIS.
Hyosceris amplexicaulis, Mich.
H. prenanthoides, Willd.
H. biflora, Walt.
Tragopogon Virginicum, Sp. PI. 1111.
Troximon Virginicum, Gsert., Pers., Pursh.
Stem-clasping Swines') -succory.
About a foot high. Flowers large, deep orange-yellow. In
shady damp woods, meadows, and moist copses ; common.
Perennial. July, August.
§ 2. Flosculos^. (Florets all tubular; border 5-cleft.)
305. ARCTIUM. Gen. pi. 1253. (CinarocephaLe.)
Calix globose ; scales hooked inwards at the
points. Receptacle paleaceous. Pappus
setosely-paleaceous.
Lappa, 1. A. stem-leaves cordate, petiolate-denticulate ;
flowers paniculate, globose ; calices smooth. —
TVillcL and Pursh.
Icon. Woodville's Med. Bot. vol. l. t. 15.
Burdock.
Common Burdock perhaps has been introduced, but if so,
it is throroughly naturalized, being found every where in old
fields and wastes. From three to five feet high. Leaves very
large, flowers purple. Biennial. July, August.
306. CNICUS. Gen. pi. 1255. (Cinarocephalx.)
Receptacle villous. Pappus capillary. Ca-
lix ventricose.
ianccoiatus. l. C. leaves decurrent, hispid, pinnatifid ; seg-
ments bilobed, divaricate, spinous ; calices ovate,
with a gossamer pubescence; scales lanceolate,
spinous, spreading. — Willd.
Carduus lanceolatus, Sp. PI. 1149.
SYNGENESIA, jEQUALIS. 95
Common Thistle.
This is the commonest species, being found every where
on way-sides, among rubbish, and on commons. Flowers
purple, very large. Probably introduced. Biennial. From
June till autumn.
2. C. leaves sessile, pinnatifid, acute, incised, horridnius.
very spinous ; involucrum terminal, one-flower-
ed, many-leaved ; folioles very spinous ; calices
unarmed. — Furs/i.
C. horridulus, Pers.
C. horridus, Muhl.
C. pubescens, Gronovius.
Serratula discolor, Lam ark.
Cirsium horridulum, Mich.
Cai'duus spinosissimus, Walt.
Yellow Thistle,
From two to three feet high, vary thorny. Flowers large,
pale-yellow. Along the course of the Delaware, Jersey side,
from Market Street ferry to Kaifchn's point ; rare. Peren-
nial. July, September.
3. C. stem tall, leafy, and divaricately branched ; discoier.
leaves lanceolate, sessile or amplexicaule, more
or less deeply pinnatifid, above smooth, beneath
tomentose; segments bilobed, partly ciliated and
terminated by spines ; calix subglobose ; scales
ovate, spiny. — Nutt.
C. discolor, Muhl.
This common species is surprisingly omitted by Pursh. It
is abundant in Maryland and Pennsylvania. From three to five
feet high, very much branched. Leaves always pinnatifid.
Flowers purple. On road-sides and in woods of Jersey, and
in similar places near this city ; near Hamilton and Mantua
villages ; common. Perennial. July, September.
4. C. stem retrorsely pilose, 1 to 3-flowered ; odoratus.
leaves of the same colour on both sides, amplexi-
caule, oblong-lanceolate and pinnatifid ; seg-
ments irregularly lobed, ciliated and terminated
with spines; calix large and partly globose,
96 SYNGENESIA, jEQUALIS.
naked ; scales apprcssed, lanceolate, acuminate,
spiny. — Ntitt.
C. odoratus, Muhl.
C pumilus, Nutt.
From one to three feet high. Flowers reddish-purple, very
large. On the borders of open woods, and on road-sides, Jer-
sey; frequent. Perennial. July.
307. LIATRIS. [Schreber.] Gen.pl. 1263. (Corymbifera.)
Calix oblong, imbricate. Receptacle naked.
Pappus plumose, persistent, (often colour-
ed.) Anthers entire at the base. Seed
pubescent, striate, and inversely conic. —
JV»#.
maerosta- 1. L. stem simple, tall; leaves linear, glabrous,
chra' ciliate at the base, nerved and punctate; spike
very long; flowers sessile; calicine scales li-
near-oblong, obtuse, appressed. — Mich, and
Pursh.
L. macrostachya, Mich.
L. spicata, Willd.
Anonymos graminifolius, Walt.
Serratula spicata, Sp. PI. 1147.
Suprago spicata, Gsert.
Icon. Bot. Repos. 401. Pluk. aim. t. 424. f. 6.
Blue Blazing -star.
From two to five feet high, a very elegant plant. Flowers
purple, in long crowded spikes. Near Frankford, and on the
Woodlands; rare. Possesses medicinal virtues. Perennial.
August.
308. VERNONIA. Gen. pi. 1262. (Corymb! f era.)
Calix ovate imbricate. Stigma bifid. Recep-
tacle naked. Pappus double ; exterior
short and paleaceous, interior capillary. —
Nutt.
SYXGENESIA, ^QUALIS. 97
1. V. very tall; leaves thick, lanceolate, serrulate, **<****»
scabrous; corymb fastigiate; calicine scales fili-
form.— WilUL and Pursh.
Scrratula noveboracensis, Hort. cliff. 392.
Chrysocoma gigantca, Walt.
icon. Dill. elth. t. 263. f. 342. (Pursh.) Pink,
aim. t. 109. f. 3.
About five feet high. Flowers purple; leaves narrow. A
very showey plant, found on the margins of all our waters, in
meadows and on road sides ; common. Perennial. August,
October.
2. V. stem very high, angular, densely pubescent; pneaita.
leaves thick, lanceolate, acute, serrate, pubes-
cent beneath; corymb fastigiate; caiicine scales
ovate-acute, awnless. — Willd. and Pursh.
Serratula prajalta, Sp. PI. 1146.
Chrysocoma tomentosa, Walt.
C. pr^alta, H. P. (Pers. Syn.)
Icon. Dill. elth. t. 264. f. 343. Mill. ic. 234.
Pluk. aim. t. 280. f. 6.
Resembles No. 1, very much. Flowers also purple. Leaves
broader. Grows in similar places. Perennial. August, Oc-
tober.
309. KUHNIA. Gen. pi. 1272. (Corymbifcra.)
Critonia, Geert. carp. 2. p. 411.
Dalea, Brown, jam. 314.
Calix imbricate, cylindric. Receptacle na-
ked. Pappus plumose. Seed pubescent,
multistriate.
1. K. glabrous; leaves petiolate, broad-lanceo- Eupatorioi-
late, serrate; corymb terminal, few-flowered,
coarctatc. — Willd. and Pursh.
Eupatorium alternifolium, Ard. Spec. 2. p. 40. t.
20. (Pursh.)
Icon. Lin. fil. dec. t. 11. Pluk. aim. t. 87. f.
2. (Pursh.)
98 SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS.
About two or three feet high. Resembles an Eupatorium
very much. Flowers white. On the rocks bordering the
Schuylkill, about half a mile above Lemon-hill. Very rare.
Perennial. August, September.
310. EUPATORIUM. Gen. pi. 1272. (Corymbifer<e.)
Calix simple or imbricate, oblong. Style long
and seniibifid. Itecejrtacle naked. Pajjpus
pilose, or more commonly scabrous. Seed
smooth and glandular, quinquestriate. —
Nutt.
byssopifo- i. E. leaves opposite, sub-verticillate, linear, very
entire, pubescent, three-nerved punctate ; radi-
cal ones subdentate. — Willd.
Icon. Dill. elth. t. 115. f. 140. Pluk. aim. t.
88. f. 2. (Pursh.)
Hyssop-leaved Eupatorium.
About two feet high. Leaves verticillate and very narrow;
flowers white. In hedges, Jersey. Not common. In a hedge
bordering a sandy field, near Kaighn's-point, Jersey. Peren-
nial. August to October.
sessiiifoiium. 2. E. leaves sessile, amplexicaule, distinct, ovate-
lanceolate, rotund at the base; serrate, very
glabrous; stem smoothish. — Willd.
Sessile-leaved Eupatorium.
About two or two and a half feet high. Whole plant very
smooth, and destitute of that grey aspect which characterizes
so many of the white-flowered species. Flowers white. In
rocky thickets a half mile east of Woodbury, Jersey. Rare.
Perennial. August, September.
gianduiosum. 3. E. leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceolate, rough-
ish, serrate ; interior calicine scales elongated,
lanceolate, scariose, coloured. — Willd.
E. gianduiosum, Mich.
E. album, L., Muhl., and Pursh.
SYNGENESIA, jEQUALIS. 99
Glandulous Hemp-weed.
Under two feet high. Flowers white. In Jersey, near bogs,
common. Perennial. August, October.
4. E. leaves sessile, distinct, oblong-lanceolate, lanceoiatum.
scabrous, deeply serrate; calicine scales of a
uniform colour. — Willd. and Pursh.
Spear-leaved Hemp-weed.
This species so much resembles No. 3, that it may easily be
confounded with it on a hasty view. About the same size;
flowers white. On the borders of fields and woods in Jersey,
every where common. Perennial. August till November.
5. E. leaves sessile, distinct, ovate, scabrous; up- teucnfoUoM.
per ones deeply serrated at the base, those at
the top quite entire. — Willd.
J JVW E. verbensefolium, of Mich, as Pursh sup-
poses.
E. pilosum, Walt. ?
Germander-leaved Hemp-weed.
About two feet high, not unlike the two preceding. Flow-
ers white. In Jersey, with No. 3, and No. 4, common. Peren-
nial. August to October.
6. E. leaves sessile, distinct, sub rotund-cordate, romndifo-
obtuse, serrate, veined ; calicine scales acunii- hum*
nate. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 88. f. 4.
Roundish-leaved Hemp-weed.
Eighteen inches high. Flowers white. In Jersey near Wood-
bury, in swampy grounds; rare. Perennial. August to No-
vember.
7. E. leaves petiolate, ovate, somewhat obtuse, meUssioides.
serrate, veined, smoothish. — Willd.
100 SYNGENESIA, ^.QUALIS.
Balm-leaved Hemp-weed.
About one or two feet high. Flowers white. Leaves resem-
ble those of common balm. In hedges and borders of sandy
fields of Jersey, every where common. Perennial. August, Oc-
tober.
ageratoides. 8. E. leave s petiolate, ovate-acuminate, three -
nerved, unequal and deeply serrate, glabrous ;
corymb many-flowered, divaricate ; calices sub-
simple.— Willd.
E. ageratoides, L. and Willd.
E. urticse folium, Mich.
Ageratum altissimum, Sp. PI. ed. 2d. p. 1176.
Icon. Morris. Hist. 3. s. 7. t. 18. f. 11.
Two or two and a half feet high. Flowers very white. Easi-
ly known from other species. In thickets a little east of the
Woodlands, and along the course of the Schuylkill; common.
Perennial. August, October.
trifoiiatum. 9. E. leaves petiolate, in three's or four's, ovate,
attenuated at each end, serrate, somewhat sca-
brous.— Willd.
E. trifoiiatum, Willd., not L.
Three-leaved Hemp-weed.
From four to five feet high, unbranched. Flowers reddish-
purple. On the banks of our waters, in watery thickets and
meadows, not uncommon. This and No. 10, resembles each
other. Perennial. August, September.
purpureum. 10. E. leaves petiolate, in four's or five's, ovate-
lanceolate, serrate, rugose-veined, somewhat
scabrous; stem fistulous. — Willd.
E. purpurea, L.
JV*of.. E. purpureum, Mich.
Icon. Rob. ic. 217. Corn. Canad. t. 72. (Pursh.)
Morris. Hist. 3. s. 7. t. 13. f. 4. Dod. Mem. t.
217. (Pursh.)
Hollow -stemmed Hemp-weed.
From five to six or seven feet high. Stem hollow, by which
mark it can be always known. Flowers dark reddish-purple.
SYNGENESIA, ^LQUALIS. 101
In watery thickets and near swamps ; common. Perennial.
August, September.
11. E. leaves petiolate, in four's or five's, ovate- macu,atum-
lanceolate, unequally serrate, pubescent be-
neath; stein solid, furrowed. — Willd.
Icon. Herra. Parad. t. 158. (Pursh.) Morris.
Hist. 3. s. 7. t. 18.
Maculated Hemp-weed.
Kcsembles Xo. 10, somewhat, but is not so tall Flowers
purple. In swampy thickets near the Buck-inn on the Lan-
caster turnpike, and in similar situations near Frankford. Rare.
Perennial. August, September.
12. E. leaves petiolate, in three's or four's, ovate- verticiiiatum.
lanceolate, cuneate at the base, unequally ser-
rate and sinoothish ; stem solid, smooth. —
mild.
E. verticiiiatum, Willd. and Muhl.
E. purpureum, Mich.
E. trit'oliatum, L. ?
Whorled-leaved Hemp-weed.
Near six feet high. Flowers purple. It resembles Xo. 10,
exceedingly, but differs in its solid stem and smooth leaves.
In similar places with Xo. 10; common. Perennial. July,
September.
13. E. leaves sessile, sub-lanceolate-oval, acute, verbenaefo,i-
7 um.
somewhat obtuse, cut-dentate, roughish, pubes-
cent ; calices pubescent, awnless, 5-flowered. —
Mich.
E. verbensefolium, Mich.
Vervain-leaved Hemp-weed.
About two feet high. Flowers white. On the edges of open
woods in Jersey, not unfrequent. Perennial. August.
14. E. leaves connate, perfoliate, oblong, narrow perfoiiamm.
above, serrate, rough, tomentose beneath ; stem
villous. — Willd. and Pursh.
voj,. ii. 10 ^
102 SYNGENESIA, -EQUALIS.
E. connatum, Mich.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 87. f. 6.
Bone-set. Thorough-wort. Cross-wort. Indian
Sage.
A veiy important plant, on account of its valuable medicinal
virtues. (See Veg-. Mat. Med. U. S.) From fifteen inches to
three feet high. Whole plant of a grey aspect. Leaves
united at their base : the stem appearing to go through them.
Flowers white, rarely purple. It is not improbable that some
other species of this large genus, will be found possessed of me-
dicinal virtues like the present. In swamps, bogs, and wet
meadows, in Jersey, and Pennsylvania side of the Delaware,
v ery common and abundant. Perennial. August till October.
311. MIKANIA. Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1142. (Corymbi/ere.)
Calix 4 or 6-leaved, equal, 4 or 6-flowered.
Receptacle naked. Pappus pilous.
scandens. \t \j. stem scandent, smooth; leaves cordate, re-
pand-dentate, acuminate; lobes divaricate, un-
equal ; flowers corymbose. — Jfilld.
Eupatorium scandens, Sp. PI. 1171.
Icon. Jacqu. ic. rar. 1. t. 169, (Pursh.) Pluk.
aim. t. 163. f. 3.
Climbing Mikania.
A climbing plant, resembling in its flowers, which are white,
an Eupatorium. On the stone-wall and in thickets on the
bank of the Delaware, between Kaighn's point and the next
ferry below, Jersey. Perennial. July, August.
312. CACALIA. Gen.pl. 1275. (Corymbifera.)
Calix cylindric, oblong, the base only some
what caliculate. Receptacle naked. Pap-
pus pilous.
atripiicifoiia. 1. C. stem herbaceous; leaves petiolate, glabrous,
ri, glaucous beneath; radical ones cordate-dentate,
those of the stem rhomboid, every where sub-
i'OLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA. 103
dentate ; flowers corymbose, erect ; calices 5-
flowerecL — JVilld. and Purs/i.
C. glauca, Muhl.
Icon. IMuk. aim. t. 101. f. 1.
Orach-leaved Cacalia.
From two to five feet high. Lower leaves very large; all the
leaves as well as the stem, bluish or glaucous beneath. Flow-
ers white, inodorous. On the high banks of the Wissahickon,
and in the woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side; rare.
Perennial. August.
ORDER II. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA,
{Florets of the disk bisexual, of the ray feminine ;
V all fertile.)
§ 1. Florets discoid; those of the ray obsolete.
311. TANACETUM. Gen. pi. 1280. {Corymbiferx.)
Calix imbricated, hemispherical, scales acu-
minated. Rays of the corolla obsolete,
trifid. Receptacle naked. Pappus sub-
marginate.— -Nutt.
1. T. leaves bi pinnate, incised, serrate. — Willd, vuigare.
Icon. Oed. Dan. 871.
Tansey.
Common tansey is often met with on the edges of fields, and
on road-sides, with the appearance of growing wild. In these
places it is completely naturalized. Well-known in domestic
medicine as a toon. Leaves deep green. Flowers bright yel-
low. Perennial. July.
314. GXAPIIALIUM. Gen. pi. 1282. (Corymbiftrx.)
Calix imbricated, marginal scales rounded,
scariose, shining and coloured. Radii none ;
feminine florets marginal, entire, mostly mi-
margarita-
Ct-UIl).
planta»i-
neum.
104 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
merous. Receptacle naked. Papj)as pilous,
or scabrous. — Nutt.
1. G. herbaceous; leaves linear-lanceolate, gra-
dually narrowed, acute; stem branched above;
corymb fastigiate; flowers pedicellate. — Willd.
and Pursh.
Icon. Eng. Bot. 2018.
Life-everlasting. Dead-mail's Flower. Coffin-plant.
A fine aromatic plant, with a most agreeable odour. From
one foot to eighteen inches high. Whole plant whitish. Flow-
ers white, with a yellow disk, larger than in any of the suc-
ceeding species. In old fields, on road-sides and commons;
every where abundant. The flowers are smoaked through
pipes in Lancaster county, to cure the tooth-ach. Perennial.
August, October.
2. G. sarments procumbent ; stem very simple; ra-
dical leaves ovate, nerved, mucronate ; corymb
contracted; flowers dioicous; interior calicine
scales elongated, somewhat acute, coloured. —
WiUd.
G. plantaginifolium, L.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 348. f. 9.
Plantaue-leared Cudweed.
About six inches or a foot high. Radical leaves broad, re-
sembling somewhat those of common plantane. Flowers white.
Whole plant more or less covered with white down. In woods
and on hills, every where common. Perennial. May, July.
dioicum. 3. G. sarments procumbent; stem very simple;
radical leaves spathulate; corymb coarctate;
flowers dioicous; interior calicine scales elon-
gated, obtuse, coloured. — Willd.
About five or seven inches high ; very greyish. Flowers
white. In commons, every where common. Perennial. July.
Pennsyivani- 4. G. herbaceous ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute,
glabrous above, tomentose beneath, margin pu-
bescent ; flowers subsessile, axillary and termi-
nal, crowded. B.
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA. 10J
G. Pennsylvanicum, Muhl.
About ten inches high. Flowers white. On grassy commons
near Woodbury and Frankford, and on the Darby road. An-
nual. July.
5. G. herbaceous, erect; leaves linear-lanceolate, fl^cep,ia"
acute, glabrous above, pubescent underneath;
stem paniculate, tomentose; corymbs terminal,
coarctate. — Mich, and Pursh.
G. obtusitblium, Willd.
About six or seven inches high. Diffuse and branched. On
the commons, west of the city; abundant. Annual. August.
6. G. herbaceous ; leaves linear-spathulate, to- pm-pureum.
mentose beneath; stem erect, very simple;
flowers sessile, glomerate, terminal and axillary.
—Willd.
Icon. Dill. elth. t. 109. f. 132. (Pursh.)
About a foot high. Flowers and calices dingy purple. This
species grows very large and luxuriantly on the Chickisalunga
rocks, on the Susquehanna, and it is there a very handsome
plant. It is not very common in this vicinity, and seldom ex-
ceeds six or eight inches in height. In Jersey, near Wood-
bury, on the borders of woods. Perennial. July, October.
7. G. stem herbaceous, branched, diffuse, woolly ; unguium.
leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed at each end,
tomentose; flowers terminal, congest. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 859.
About ten or twelve inches high, whole plant very white.
Flowers small, white, inclining to yellow ; calices first yellow-
ish, afterwards brown. In dry ditches and other places that
have been covered with water. On the road to Lemon-hill.
Oil the banks of the Schuylkill and on our commons, west of
the city, not unfrequent. Annual. August, September.
cum.
8. G. herbaceous ; stem erect, dichotomous ; Germani-
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, tomentose ; flow-
ers globose-capitate. — Willd.
Filago Germanica, Sp. PI. 1311.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 997. Engl. Bot. 946.
10*
106 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
About six or ten inches high, easily recognized by its di -
chotomous habit, which is constant. Flowers white, calices
pale-yellow. This species is extremely common in the
neighbourhood of Washington, (Columbia,) all through Ma-
ryland, and from York-town to the Susquehanna. Hence I
, conclude it is a native. In this vicinity it is rare. On the
road to Chester, scarce. Annual. July, August.
315. ERIGERON. Gen. pi. 1287. {Corymbiferx.)
Calix imbricated, sub-hemispherical, in fruit
often reflected. Rays of the corolla linear,
very narrow, and numerous. Receptacle
naked. Pappus double, exterior minute,
interior pilous, of few rays. (12 to 25?) —
Nutt.
bcindifoiium. i. E. hirsute, hoary ; radical leaves obovate, sub-
serrate : stem leaves few, distant, lanceolate,
very entire ; stem about 3-flowered ; rays elon-
gated.— Willd. and Pursh.
E. bellidifolium, Mich., Muhl., and Pursh.
E. Serpentaria, Herb. Banks. Mss. (Pursh.)
E. pulchellum, Mich.
E. caule simplicissimo, &c. Gron.
Poor Robert's Plantane,
From eighteen inches to two feet high. Flowers (rays) pale-
purple. I have understood through Mr. Heckevvelder, (who
described the plant minutely) that this is one of the vegeta-
ble cures among the Indians, for the bite of the. rattle-snake.
Hence perhaps the name by which it stands in the herbarium
of Sir Joseph Banks, as quoted above. Though the name
Poor Robert's Plantane is sometimes applied to Hieracium ve-
nosum, yet the plant now under notice is much more com-
monly recognized by that appellation. As its congener Erige-
ron Philadelphicum, and E. heterophyllum are possessed of
active medicinal virtues, it is not unlikely that the remediate
powers attributed to this species by the Indians, are worthy
of attention. In shady woods and especially on hills, common.
Perennial. June, July.
phiiadeiphi- 2. E. pubescent ; leaves cuneate-oblong, rarely cut-
dentate, those of the stem semi-amplexicaule ;
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA. 1G7
stem weak, simple, corymbose above; pedun-
cles elongated, one-flowered; rays capillary,
twice the length of the hemispherical calix. —
Willd., Jlich.. and Pursh.
Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t.
20.
Scabious. Philadelphia Flea-bane.
From two to three feet high. Flowers white or pale blue.
Possesses medicinal virtues, and on this account is valuable.
(See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In cultivated fields, every where
in the greatest profusion. Perennial August, September.
3. E. radical leaves snbrotund-ovate, deeply den- heterophyt-
tate, petiolate ; those of the stem lanccolate-
acnte, serrate in the middle; corymb terminal.
— Willd. Sp. PI. 5. p. 1956.
Aster annuus, L. and Willd. Sp. PI. 3. p. 2041.
Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 21.
Sweet Scabious. Various-leaved Flea-bane.
This species resembles Xo. 2, somewhat, in flowers and
habit. It differs however, strikingly, in its leaves, especially
the lower and radical ones. The general likeness of one to
the other, has caused them to be collected promiscuously for
medicinal purposes; thus accidentally leading me to ascertain
that this species is medicinal, like the preceding. (See Veg.
Mat. Med. U. S.) About three feet high. Flowers purplish
(rays). In cultivated fields with Xo. 2, but not so abundant.
Along water-courses, among grass ; frequent. Biennial. June,
August.
4. E. stem hispid-paniculate, very much branch- canademe.
ed; leaves lanceolate-linear, ciliate; calices cy-
lindrical, rays crowded, very short. — Willd.
and Pursh.
Icon. Trans. Physico-Medical Society, New-
York, vol. 1. p. 49.
This is one of the most noxious weeds of our country, and
has perhaps been introduced. It varies from six inches to four
feet in height. The smallest variety Mr. Xuttall considers a
distinct species — for the present I add it below as a variety
108 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
adopting his characters. But as I have so repeatedly found it in
all the grades of stature from two or three inches up to four
feet, I am rather inclined to suspect that it is a polymorphous
plant, assuming- all those different sizes and shapes, from the
influence of situation, soil, 8cc. It appears to be possessed of
medicinal properties. (See a paper in the Transactions of the
New-York Physico-Medical Society, by Dr. De Puy, vol. 1, p.
49, accompanied with a good figure.) In cultivated fields, on
commons, road-sides, and particularly on the borders of brick-
ponds, every where, unfortunately, in profusion. Annual. All
summer.
gpusMum. erect, low and slender; stem smooth; panicle
nearly simple ; peduncles almost naked, filiform
and divaricate; leaves lanceolate-linear, all en-
tire, margin scabrous; discal florets 4-cleft.
316. INULA. Gen. pi. 1295. (Corymbiftrce.)
Calix squarrose or imbricate. Mays of the
corolla numerous, yellow. Anthers each
bisetose at the base. Receptacle naked.
Pajjpus simple. — JSTutt.
ni&nana.
1. I. villose; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, at-
tenuated at the base, obtuse, glandular-denticu-
late ; lower ones petiolate, serrate ; peduncles
axillary, corymbose, glandular, hairy. — Willd..
and Pursh.
I. glandulosa, Lamark.
Icon. Mill. diet. ic. t. 57.
Heleniurru
Wild Elecampane. Yellow-aster.
From 9ix to fifteen inches high. Flowers large, yellow. In
woods and on road-sides, where the soil is arid or sandy;
ever}7 where common. Perennial. August, October.
2. I. leaves amplexicaule, ovate, rough, tomen-
tose beneath; calix with ovate scales. — Willd.
Icon. FJ. Dan. 728. Engl. Bot. 1546. Wood-
ville's Med. Bot. vol. 2. t. 108.
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA. 109
Elecampane.
This well-known plant, is becoming naturalized in this vici-
nity, as it has long- been in different parts of the United States.
T have found it in many places in Jersey, Pennsylvania, Mary-
land, and Virginia, with every appearance of being* a native
plant. On the borders of fields, near the Buck Inn, on the
Lancaster road. In. Jersey near Woodbury, and on the Botanic-
garden-ground of the University of Pennsylvania; rare. Pos-
sesses medicinal properties and has been much esteemed by
physicians. (See Woodville.) At present its use is confined
to domestic practice. — Plant three or four feet high, leaves
very large and rough. Flowers also large and globose. Pe-
rennial. July, August.
317. ASTER. Gen.pl. 1291. (Corymbifera:.)
Calix imbricated, the lower scales partly fo-
liaceous and often spreading. Radial flo-
rets generally more than 10, rarely fewer,
violaceous or white. Receptacle naked.
Pappus simple, pilous. — J\Tutt.
1. A. leaves linear-lanceolate, obsoletely 3-nerved, jjjljfjjf'1 "
very entire, obtuse, rough on the margin $
branches corymbose-fastigiate ; flowers sessile,
crowded ; ray 5-flowered ; calices iaibricated,
shorter than the disk ; scales oblong, obtuse,
adpressed, somewhat reflexed at the apex. —
WiUd. and Pnrsli.
A. SoHdaginoides, Willd. and Muhl.
A. Solidagineus, Mich.
A. Dracunculoides, Lamark ?
Conza linifolia, L. and Walt.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 79. f. 2.
White-topped Star-wort. Golden-rod Aster.
About fifteen or eighteen inches high. Flowers white. In
Jersey, on the borders of ppen woods; in similar places west
of the Delaware ; common. Perennial. July, August.
2. A. leaves oblong, 3-nerved, narrow at the base, conyzoides.
acute; upper ones sessile, very entire; lower
1 10 POLYGAMIA, SUFERFLUA.
ones petiolate, serrate; stem simple, corymbose
at the top; calices cylindrical, squarrose ; rays
5, short. — Willd. and Pur sh.
A. Marylandicus, Mich.
Conyza Asteroides, Sp. PI. 1206.
Plow maiis^ -wort.
Resembles No. 1, somewhat in habit, but may be easily dis-
tinguished by the difference in the leaves, they being much
broader in the present plant. Flowers white. In similar
places with No. 1; common. Perennial. August, September.
linanifoiius. 3. A. leaves linear, mucronate, without nerves and
without dots, carinated, rough and stiff; bran-
ches recurved ; stem sub-decumbent ; branches
fastigiate, 1-flowered; calices imbricate, the
length of the disk. — Willd. Ait. and Pursh.
A. squarrosus, Herb. Banks. Mss. (Pursh.)
Savoury -leaved Star-wort.
From ten to twelves inches high. Leaves narrow and stiff.
Flowers pale-blue. On the edges of sandy woods in Jersey,
abundant. Perennial. August, October.
cricoidei. 4. A. leaves linear, very smooth, those of the
branches subulate, close together; those of the
stem elongated ; calices subsquarrose ; folioles
acute; stem glahrous. — Willd.
Heath-leaved Aster.
This is by far the commonest species in this vicinity, grow-
ing every where on barren ground, even among the^turn-
pike stones, and along the edges of fences. It is diffuse or
spreading. Flowers small, white. Perennial. All summer.
concoior. 5. A. leaves oblong-lanceolate, covered all over
with a white pubescence; stem quite simple,
erect, pubescent ; raceme terminal ; calices im-
bricated ; scales lanceolate, silky, adpressed. —
Willd.
Soft-leaved Aster.
A very elegant species, weD worthy of cultivation in gar-
dens. I have transplanted it into my garden where it thrived
POLYGAMIC SUPERFLl A. Ill
exceedingly well. Flowers deep-purple. Leaves soft, small.
In Jersey, along- the edges of woods towards Woodbury, and
immediately near that village, abundant. 1 have not found it
west of the Delaware. Perennial. August, September.
6. A. leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the base, mnbeitaau.
acuminate; rough on the margin ; stem simple,
corymbose-fastigiate at the top ; calices loosely
imbricated; scales lanceolate-obtuse — Lamarh.
A. umbcllatus, Ait. and Muhl.
A. amygdalinus, Mich., Lamark, and Pursh.
Umbelkd-jlowered Star-wort
From two, to three and a half feet high. Flowers large,
white. Leaves remarkably dry, and become brittle if not pre-
pared for the herbarium with care. In the boggy ground of
the Woodlands, close to the Darby road. In a swamp near
Woodbury. Rare. Perennial. September.
7. A. leaves ovate-oblong, acute, amplexicaule, ampiexicau-
cordate, serrate; stem paniculate, glabrous;1
branches 1-2-flowered ; calicinc scales lanceo-
late, closely imbricated. — Jf'illd. and Pursh,
A. amplexicaulis, Willd., not Mich.
A. cyanaeus, far. y, according to Muhl.
A. Pennsylvanicus, Lamark ?
About three feet high. Flowers blue. On the edges of woods
and thickets ; not uncommon. Perennial. August, Septem-
ber.
8. A. leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, gla- sniisifoiius.
brous ; stem smooth, panicled at the top; calices
loose, imbricated; scales acute, spreading; open-
ing at the apex. — Witld. and Pursh.
A. prsealtus, Lamark.
Icon. Rob. ic. 307. (Pursh.)
Willow -leaved Aster.
From three to five feet high. Leaves resembling exceeding-
ly those of the willow tree. Flowers blue or reddish-blue. On
the margins of ditches and in boggy thickets; rare. Near a
112 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
ditch about a quarter of a mile down Eighth-street, below the
hospital, abundant. Perennial. August.
spuiius. 9. A. leaves lanceolate, amplexicaule, very entire,
auriculated at the base; stem paniculate, hairy;
brandies about one-flowered; calicine scales
loose, lanceolate, equal to the disk. — TVilld.
A. spurius, Willd.
A. rubricaulis, Lamark.
A. novse anglise, /3. Ait.
Spurious Aster.
Xear three feet high. Stem very hairy, reddish. Flowers
reddish-purple, handsome. Near swamps and watery thick-
ets in Jersey near Woodbury, rare. Perennial. September,
October.
Phiogifoiius. jo. A. leaves lanceolate, cordate, amplexicaule,
pubescent beneath, rough on the margin; stem
very simple, pubescent; panicle terminal, loose,
few-flowered ; calicine scales loose, imbricated,
lanceolate. — Willd. and Pursh.
A. phlogifolius, Muhl.
A. amplexicaulis, Mich.
Phlox-leaved Aster.
A very elegant species, with leaves resembling some spe-
cies of Phlox. From two to three feet high. Flowers fine vio-
let-blue. In thickets among large autumnal plants, and in
woods, not uncommon. Perennial. August, September.
imduiatus. 11. A. leaves oblong, cordate, amplexicaule, en-
tire, hairy, somewhat waved; lower ones ovate,
cordate, subserrate, petiolate ; petioles winged ;
stem paniculate, hispid ; branches leaning one
way, lealy, one-flowered. — Willd.
A. undulatus, L., not of Ait.
A. amplexicaulis, var. /3. Mich.
Herm. parad. 96. (Pursh.) Icon. Hoff. Phyt. 1.
t. c. f. 1.
Waved- stemmed Aster.
About two feet high. Flowers violet. In similar places with
No. 10. Perennial. August.
POLYGAMI A, SUPERFLUA. 1 13
12. A. leaves oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, cordate, patens,
amplexieaule, every where rough, hairy ; stem
branched, hairy ; branches spreading, elonga-
ted, few-flowered, with small leaves ; calicine
scales imbricated, lanceolate, spreading. —
Willd. and Pursh.
A. patens, » illd. and Pers.
A. diversifolius, Mich.
A. undulatus, /3., Ait.
Spreading or various-leaved Aster.
A very fine species, blooming- with a profusion of flowers
for a long time. From six inches to four feet high. Lower-
leaves panduriform, all of them of a greyish-green. The
plant when vigorous is very much branched or bushy. Flow-
ers small, pale-blue or purple. In the woods of Jersey this
species is found, at the roots of trees, flowering with a simple
stem scarce six inches high. In more favourable situations
it becomes as large as above described. I have cultivated it
in my garden, and found it a hardy, showy, perennial, con-
tinuing in full flower for two months. It is therefore deserv-
ing of cultivation. In woods and thickets, every where com-
mon. Perennial. September till Xovember.
13. A. leaves ovate-lanceolate, sub- serrate, petio- panicuiatus.
late, glabrous ; those at the root ovate-cordate,
serrate, rough, petiolate : petioles naked ; stem
very much branched, glabrous, small : branches
hairy; calices loose, nearly imbricated. — Willd,
Icon. Corn. Canad. 65, (Pursh.)
Panicled Aster,
A well-marked species, from eighteen inches to four feet
high. Flowers reddish and white, small, numerous, not hand-
some. In thickets, but scarce; seems to like a mosit soil. Pe-
rennial. August, September.
14. A. leaves cordate, hairy beneath, narrowly coniifoiius.
serrate, petiolate : petioles winged ; stem pani-
culate, somewhat smooth : panicle divaricate ;
calices loose, somewhat imbricated, — WiUd.&nd
Pursh.
A. cordifolius, L., Mich., and Pursh.
VOX. II. 11
1 14 POLYGAMI A, SUPERFLU A.
Heart-leaved Aster.
From one to three feet high. Flowers pale-blue or violet ;
sometimes whitish. In woods and thickets, common. Peren-
nial. August.
In Muhlenberg's Catalogue, this Aster stands synonymous
with A. heterophyllus of Willd. — perhaps heterophyllus of
his JWss. or Enwneratio — the heterophyllus of his species plan-
tarum, being given on the authority of Thunberg, from the
Cape of Good Hope.
corymbosus. 15. a. leaves ovate, narrowly serrate, acuminate,
somewhat smooth; lower ones cordate, p etio-
late : petioles naked ; stem smooth, corymbosc-
fastigiate ; branches hairy; calices oblong, im-
bricated; scales obtuse, closely adpressed. —
Willd. and Pursh.
A. corymbosus, Ait.
Corymbous-jlowered Aster.
From fourteen inches to two feet high. Flowers white, in a
large corymb. On the shaded rocks bordering the Schuyl-
kill ; in shaded woods and thickets, every where common.
Perennial. July.
g.aiatus. leaves deeply and sharply serrated, long-acumi-
nate; petioles with broad wings. B.
A. corymbosus, & alatus, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.
This is a permanent variety of the preceding, which I have
constantly observed, not only in this vicinity, but in other
parts of the United States. Grows with No. 15. July.
comifoiius. 16. A. smooth ; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate,
on short petioles, margin rough ; stem gla-
brous ; panicle lew-flowered ; branches 2-flow-
ered; calices somewhat imbricated. — Willd.
A. Cornifolius, Muhl.
Dogwood-leaved Aster.
A very strongly characterized species, with leaves resem-
bling those of Dogwood. It is one of the most common
species all through Maryland, where it attains a height of four
feet. In this vicinity it is very rare, and I have not met with
it above two feet high. Flowers white, large. In the thickets
a little west of M'Mahon's Garden, and in those four miles
above the falls of the Schuylkill; scarce. Perennial. August,
September.
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA. 115
1 7. A. leaves ovate, petiolate, serrate, rough ; up- macrophyi-
per ones ovate, cordate, sessile, lower ones cor-
date petiolate : petioles submarginate ; stem
branched, diffuse; calices cylindric, narrowly
imbricated ; scales oblong, acute. — WilkL and
Pursh.
Large-leaved Aster.
About twelve or fifteen inches high. Flowers bluish. In the
shady woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side, abundant.
Perennial. September.
18. A. leaves amplexicaule, lanceolate, serrate, punicem.
roughish ; branches paniculate; calices loose,
exceeding the disk; folioles linear-lanceolate,
nearly equal; stem hispid.— *Willd.
A. puniceus, L.
A. hispidus, Lamark.
Icon. Herm. Lugdb. 651. (Pursh.)
Red-stalked Aster.
From one to four feet high. Stem red, very hispid. Flow-
ers large, blue. A fine species deserving of cultivation. In all
the swamps and watery thickets of our neighbourhood, and on
the margins of our waters ; common. Perennial. September,
October.
19. A. leaves subamplexicaule, remote, oblong, i«vis.
very entire, shining; radical ones subserrate;
branches simple, one-flowered; calices imbri-
cated; folioles subcuneiform, acute, thickest at
the apex; stem glabrous, angular. — Willd. and
Pursh.
Smooth Aster.
A pretty and well-marked species, with simple upright
stems, three or three and a half feet high. Flowers bluish-
purple. In thickets about half a mile south-east of the Buck-
inn, on the Lancaster road. Rare. Perennial. September.
116 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
miser. oq. A. leaves sessile, lanceolate, serrate, gla-
brous ; calices imbricated, folioles acute ; disk
and rays equal ; stem somewhat villous. — Willd.
pcndulus.
Small-flowered Aster, Small Aster.
A small species, seldom above a foot high, and often but
six inches. Flowers yellowish-white. This plant is nearly
allied in aspect to small specimens of Solidago latifolia. In
the damp woods near Woodbury ; rare. Perennial. Sep-
tember.
21. A. leaves elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, gla-
brous : those of the branches somewhat remote ;
branches very divaricate, pendulous ; stem pu-
bescent.— Willd.
divergens.
Drooping Aster.
A bushy species of no great height, the branches pendulous ;
flowers white, turning brown after a few days. In thickets,
common. Perennial. October, November.
22. A. leaves elliptic-lanceolate, serrate, gla-
brous : those of the stem linear-lanceolate, elon-
gated $ brandies open; calices imbricated;
stem pubescent. — Willd.
diffusus.
Diverging Aster.
About two or three feet high. Flowers small, rays white,
disk reddish-brown. In thickets, not rare. Perennial. Sep-
tember, November.
23. A. leaves elliptic-lanceolate, serrate, glabrous,
proportionate ; branches open ; calices imbri-
cated ; stem pubescent. — Willd.
Red-flowered Aster. .
Resembles No. 22, very much. Flowers small, white, with
a reddish disk. In similar places with the preceding. Peren-
nial. September till November.
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA. 117
24. A. leaves lanceolate, somewhat scabrous, sub- spectabiiis.
amplexicaule ; lower ones serrate in the mid-
dle ; branches corymbous ; calicine* folioles
loose, leafy, sub-cuneiform* somewhat acute ;
squarrose. — JVilld.
Showij Aster.
From two to three feet high. Flowers large, blue. In
Jersey near Woodbury ; rare. Perennial. August, October.
25. A. leaves linear, smoothish ; stem very much muitifloms.
branched, diffused* pubescent: branches lean-
ing one way; calices imbricated; scales oblong,
squarrose, acute. — Willd.
Icon. Dill. elth. t. 36. f. 40. (Pursh.)
Many -flowered Aster.
A very common species, resembling No. 4, somewhat.
Flowers middle size, white, rarely pale-blue. In old fields
and on grassy way -sides, every where very common. Peren-
nial. September.
leaves ciliate, those of the stem linear-lanceolate, £. **8*«*
nerved — of the branches very short, lanceolate,
3-nerved ; stem branched, pubescent ; branches
paniculate; calices imbricated; scales spathu-
late, squarrose. — Willd.
Fringed-leaved Aster.
Closely allied to the preceding, but easily known from it by
the above characters. Grows with it, but very rare. Septem-
ber.
26. A. leaves linear, or linear-lanceolate, obso- n-agiiis.
letely and sparingly serrated in the middle : ^ tei)Uiculu«
branches weak ; calices imbricated ; folioles lan-
ceolate-acute, margined. B.
A. tenuiculus, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. p. 81.
11*
ledifolius.
tenuifolius.
118 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
About one or two feet high. Very slender and weak. Flow-
ers white, rather small. In swampy thickets, not uncommon.
Perennial. August.
27. A. leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at the
base, nerveless, scabrous, margin revolutc ;
branches corymbose; branchlets filiform, one-
flowered, somewhat naked; calices loose, im-
bricated, twice as short as the disk ; folioles very
acute ; ray sub-20-flowered. — Pursh.
A. salsuginosus, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.
Fifteen inches high. In the swamps of Jersey, near Wood-
bury; rare. Perennial. July.
28. A. leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at each
end, hispid on the margin; stem glabrous,
branched, erect ; branchlets one-flowered ; cali-
ces imbricated, scales oblong-acute, loose. —
mud.
A. Philadelphicus, Bart. Prod. FL Ph.
From one to two feet high. In neglected fields. August. Re-
sembles No. 4 and No. 25, but very distinct. It appears to me
to be a variety of A. Tradescanti. But in reality this polymor-
phous genus is so deceptive, that it is not improbable 4, 25 and
this No. will turn out to be little else than anomalous varie-
ties of one species. The same observation applies to many
other species, which I have enumerated above, though I give
them the places usually assigned to them in the books. Close
attention to the cultivation of the 79 species of this elegant
genus, and their enumerated varieties, would in all proba-
bility result in a reduction of the species to one half that num-
ber.
318. SOLIDAGO. Gen. pi. 1292. (Corymbiferx.)
Calix imbricated, scales closed. Radical
florets about 5, yellow. Receptacle naked;
punctate. Pappus simple, pilose.
canadensis, j. S. stem villous ; leaves lanceolate, serrated, three-
nerved, rough ; racemes paniculated, leaning one
way, recurved ; ligula^ short. — Willd.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 263. f. l.
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUAy 1 19
Three-nerved Golden-rod, *
This is one of the finest species of this handsome genus.
From two to five feet high. Flowers in this as in all the suc-
ceeding species, except No. 10, are yellow. On the borders
of fields, and in natural hedges, every where common. Pe-
rennial. July till September.
2. S. stem erect, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, ser- giRantea.
rate, with a scabrous margin, obsoletely three-
nerved ; racemes panicled, leaning one way ;
peduncles hairy; ligulse short. — Willd.
Large Golden-rod.
A species resembling No. 1, very closely. It grows in simi-
lar places. Also a fine plant. Perennial. July till September.
3. S. stem erect, terete, hairy; leaves ovate, sub- aspera.
elliptical, very scabrous, rugose, serrate, with-
out nerves ; racemes paniculate, leaning one
way. — Willd.
Icon. Dill. elth. t. 305. f. 392. (Pursh.)
Rough Golden-rod.
lD
From two to three feet high. Not a handsome species, and
easily known by its rough, rugose leaves. In old fields and
natural hedges, not common. Perennial. September, Oc-
tober.
4. S. stem erect, hairy; leaves lanceolate, lower aitissin
ones deeply serrated, very scabrous and rugose;
panicle leaning one way. — Willd.
Icon. Mart. Cent. 14. (Pursh.)
Tallest Golden-rod.
A very tall species of which there are two or three varieties.
In thickets: hedges and old fields, common. Perennial. Au-
gust, September.
5. S. stem erect, hairy, furrowed ; leaves oblong, ^abra.
attenuated at each end, acuminated, glabrous
above, rugose, scabrous beneath, adpressed-ser-
rated in the middle; racemes secund. — Willd.
120 .POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
Scabrous-leaved Golden-rod.
A handsome and well-marked species, with brilliant flowers.
From eighteen inches to three feet and a half high. In damp
places and boggy grounds, not unfrequent. In the lowest
grounds of Powelton, abundant. Perennial. August, Sep-
tember.
patuia. 6. S. stem erect, glabrous; leaves elliptical, ser-
rated, glabrous; those of the root oblong-spathu-
late; racemes paniculate, leaning one way,
open or spreading; peduncles pubescent. — Willd.
S. patula, Muhl.
Spreading-branched Golden-rod.
From two to three and a half feet high. Not a handsome
species. In hedges, neglected fields and thickets, not un-
common. Perennial. August, September.
Himifoiia. 7. S. stem erect, glabrous, striate; leaves ellipti-
cal, deeply serrate, acuminate, villous beneath,
those at the root obovale ; racemes paniculated ;
peduncles villous; ligulse short. — Willd. and
Pursh.
S. ulmifolia, Muhl.
Elm-leaved Golden-rod.
An ordinary looking species, with leaves somewhat resem-
bling those of an elm-tree. From fourteen inches to two and
a half feet high. In woods, fields and hedges, and the edges
of swamps in Jersey, common. More rare west of the Dela-
ware. Perennial. August till October.
itrguta. 8. S. stem erect, smooth; leaves smooth, finely
and unequally serrated ; those of the stem ellipti-
cal, of the root ovate-oblong ; racemes panicu-
lated, leaning one way ; ligulai long. — Mick.
Sharp-notched Golden-rod.
A very handsome and well-characterized species, with the
leaves finely and irregularly serrated. It is the earliest bloom-
ing species of the genus in this vicinity. Flowers brilliant.
Plant from eighteen inches to four feet high. In hedges, the
borders of rivulets, and in meadows, every where common.
Perennial. Early in July, September.
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA. 121
9. S. stem erect, pubescent; leaves lincar-Iancco- o(lora-
late, very entire, glabrous, rough on tbe mar-
gin ; racemes paniculated, leaning one way. —
mini.
Icon. Pluk. aim. 116. f. 6.
Fragrant Golden-rod.
This handsome species is well-marked, and easily distin-
guished from other species by its foliage, but more especially
by its delicious fragrance, somewhat resembling that of anise-
teed. The whole plant exhales this scent. Possesses medicinal
virtues. In Jersey, in thickets along the course of the Delaware,
and not far from the water. Perennial. August, September.
10. S. stem and leaves elliptical, hairy, lower ones bicoior.
serrated; branches leafy : racemes erect; cali-
cine folioles obtuse.— Willd.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 114. f. 3.
White-flowered Golden-rod.
From fourteen inches to three feet high. Flowers whitish,
in long, dense racemes. This species is strikingly dissimilar to
any of the rest, in its white-rayed flowers. I have rarely seen
them with even a shade of yellow. In dry woods, particularly
on the borders, and on exposed sunny hills ; very common.
Perennial. August, September.
11. S. stem tall and smooth, simple or virgately petioians.
branched ; leaves lanceolate, entire, somewhat
carnose, scabrous on the margin, the lower very
broad, radical ones subserrate ; racemes termi-
nal, erect and compound, pubescent; peduncles
mostly shorter than the calix ; rays elongated,
about 5 ; seed smooth. — Nutt.
S. petiolaris, Willd. and Muhl.
S. speciosa, Nutt.
Late-flowering Golden-rod.
This elegant species is extremely rare. It attains r great
height, and is proportionably large in other respects. I have
found it near seven feet high in Jersey, about a mile east of
Woodbury. Flowers large, leaves fleshy. The plant describ-
122 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
ed above by Mr. Nuttall, which he says is allied to petiolaris,
is the real S. petiolaris of Muhl. and consequently of Willd. Tt
is one of the latest flowering species, seldom ever in full
bloom, till the last of October or beginning of November, and
continuing a month in flower. In Jersey, near Woodbury, and
in the woods above the falls of Schuylkill ; rare. Perennial.
12. S. stem hairy, angular, very much branched;
leaves lanceolate-linear, very entire, somewhat
erect, 3-5-nerved, somewhat scabrous; nerves
hairy beneath ; axills naked ; corymbs terminal,
fastigiate ; branchlets capitate ; ligulge as high
as the disk. — Willd. and Pursh,
S. lanceolata, var. «., Mich.
Chrysocoma graminifolia, L.
Spear-leaved Golden-rod,
A very handsome species, with leaves of a very yellow-
green. From two to three feet high. Rather rare. On the
bank walk from Gray's ferry to Kingsess gardens — and on the
road to Lemon-hill, not far from the Schuylkill. Perennial.
August.
13. S. stem scabrous, angular, corymbose, branch-
ed ; leaves very narrow, linear, spreading, ob-
scurely three*-nerved, scabrous ; axills leafy ;
corymbs terminal, fastigiate; branchlets capi-
tate ; ligulse scarcely higher than the disk. —
Pursh,
S. tenuifolia, Pursh.
S. lanceolata, /3. minor, Mich.
Slender-leaved Golden-rod,
From twelve to fifteen inches high. Leaves very narrow.
A very rare species in this vicinity. I have only found it on
the bank walk from Gray's ferry to Kingsess gardens, and
near Cooper's creek, Jersey. Perennial. September.
14. S. stem even, erect; leaves lanceolate, gla-
brous ; racemes erect ; ligulse middle sized. —
Willd,
Icon. Dill. elth. t. 307. f. 395.
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA. 123
Blue-stemmed Golden-rod.
A very elegant species, two or two and a half feet high.
Stem blue. Flowers deep brilliant-yellow. In woods and
shady thickets ; common. Perennial. August, September.
15. S. stem flcxuous, glabrous, angular; racemes flexieauiis.
erect, axillary ; ligulse middle size. — Willd. and
Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 235. f. 4.
Waved-stemmed Golden-rod.
From one to three feet high, resembling very much Xo. 14,
and from which it does not seem to be sufficiently distinct.
The blue stem, however, of No. 14, will always distinguish it
from the present species. In similar places with No. 14 ;
common. Perennial. August, September.
16. S. stem erect; leaves ovate-acuminate, ser- ktifoiia.
rate ; racemes lateral, simple. — Sp. PL
S. latifolia, Mich.
S. flexicauiis, 0. latifolia, Willd. and Pursh.
This is generally considered as a variety of No. 15, from
which it is certainly much more distinct than is that species
from No. 14. I have followed Muhl. in giving it as a distinct
species. A very handsome plant, from eight to sixteen inches
high — leaves very broad, subject to a disease, discovering itself
in circular raised spots. On the rocks bordering the Schuyl-
kill and Wissahickon ; abundant. Perennial. August, Sep-
tember.
17. S. stem erect, hairy; leaves lanceolate, very mgosa.
scabrous, rugose; lower ones adpressed-ser-
rate ; racemes paniculated, leaning one way,
very open. — Willd,
S. altissima, e. Ait.
Icon. Dill. elth. t. 308. f. 396. (Pursh.)
Wrinkled-leaved Golden-rod.
About two feet high. An ordinary looking species. In
Jersey, near Woodbury ; rare. Perennial. August.
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
18. S. stem hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong, hairy, sca-
brous : those of the stem entire, the lower ones
serrated; the flower-bearing branches panicu-
lated; racemes compact; ligulse elongated. —
Willd.
Icon. Herm. parad. 243. (Pursh.)
Stiff Golden-rod.
About two feet high, not handsome. Resembles an Aster.
Flowers large, pale-yellow. In Jersey, near Haddonfield;
rare. Perennial. August till October.
19. S. stem erect, tomentose; stem-leaves lanceo-
late, hispid, very entire, those of the root sub-
cuneiform, serrated; racemes paniculated, lean-
ing one way. — Willd.
From one to two feet high. Whole plant of a grey aspect.
Flowers deep-yellow and handsome. In dry woods and fields,
common. Perennial. August till October.
20. S. stem villous, erect ; leaves lanceolate, ser-
rated, three-nerved, scabrous, villous beneath ;
racemes spike-form, erect; ligulse short. —
Willd.
Great Golden-rod.
A very tall species, as high as No. 4. In the hedges near
Woodbury ; rare. Perennial. July, September.
iiricta.
21. S. stem erect, glabrous; stem-leaves lanceo-
late, very entire, glabrous, scabrous on the
margin, those of the root serrate : racemes pa-
niculated, erect; peduncles glabrous. — Willd.
About two feet high. In the dry sandy woods of Jersey, be-
tween Woodbury and the Delaware ; rare. Perennial. Au-
gust, October.
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA. V25
319. SENECIO. Gen pi. 1291. (Corymbi/era.)
Receptacle naked. Pappus simple. Calix
cylindrical, calyculate; scales sphacelate
at the apex.
1. S. leaves amplexicaule,pinnatifid, dentate ; flow- vulgaris,
ers corymbose, coarctate. — JFilld. and Pursh.
Common Groundsel.
An introduced weed, from Europe. Near gardens, and the
fields of our vicinity, not unfrequent. Annual. From April
till late in autumn.
-2. S. stem virgate, paniculated; leaves amplexi- hieracifoiuu.
caule, oblong, acute, unequally and deeply den-
tated; calices smooth. — T-Filld. and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. phyt. t. 112. f. 1.
Fire-weed. Hawk-weed. Groundsel.
From a foot to three feet high. Flowers white. This is
one of the commonest weeds in our country, growing almost
every where, even on the roofs, and in the spouts of the
roofs of old houses. Annual. July, August.
3. S. radical leaves obovate, crenate-serrate, pe- obovatus.
tiolated; stem-leaves pinnatifid, dentated; flowers
somewhat umbelled, on long peduncles; stem
smooth ish. — Willd. and Pursh.
S. obtusatus. Herb. Banks, Mss. (Pursh.)
Obovate-leaved Groundsel
About twelve or fifteen inches high. Resembles No. 4,
from which it may, however, be easily distinguished by its
obovate, radical leaves, its smaller and less brilliant flowers,
being besides a smaller plant. In shady woods, on rocks ;
rare. Perennial. June.
4. S. radical leaves ovate-cordate, serrated, petio- aureus.
lated ; those of the stem pinnatifid, dentated, the
VOL. II. 12
^
126 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
terminal segments lanceolate; peduncles subum-
bellate, thickish. — W'dld. and Pursh.
Golden-jlowered Groundsel.
A very ornamental plant, bearing a profusion of fine brilliant
yellow flowers. Every where on the margins of water-courses,
common. From a foot to three feet high. It improves much by
cultivation, as I have found by experiment. Perennial. June,
July.
320. CHRYSANTHEMUM. Gen.pl. 1307. (Cory?nbtfer<e.)
Calix hemispherical, imbricated; innermost
scales scariose. Receptacle naked. Pap-
pus none.
Leucanthe- 1. C. leaves amplexicaule, lanceolate, serrated;
mum* base cut-dentate; stem erect, branched. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 994. Engl. Bot. 601.
Ox-eye Daisy. White-weed. Richardson'' s Clover.
About a foot or fifteen inches high. Flowers large, white.
This is an introduced plant, which has become a pestiferous
weed to our farmers all through the country. In cultivated
fields, grassy lawns, and on road-sides, every where in profu-
sion. It is impossible to extirpate it. Perennial. June, July.
Cotula.
321. ANTHEMIS. Gen. pi. 1312. (Corymbiferce.)
Calix hemispherical, subequal. Mays more
than 5. Receptacle paleaceous ; paleae fiat,
with rigid acuminated points. Pappus
none or marginal. — JSTutt.
1. A. receptacle conical, its scales bristle-shaped ;
seeds naked; leaves doubly pinnatifid, some-
what smooth. — Smith.
A. arvensis, Pursh, not L. and others.
Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. 1. 14.
POLY GAMIA, SUPERFLUA. 127
May -weed. Wild Chamomile. Stinking Chamo-
mile. Dog's Fennel.
A well-known weed, resembling common Chamomile.
Flowers white. In wastes every where, and in profusion in
the streets of our suburbs. Possesses medicinal virtues. (See
Veg. Mat. Med. U, S.) Annual. All summer.
322. ACHILLEA. Gen. pi. 1313. (Corvmbiftra.)
Calix ovate, imbricated. Kays 5 to 10,
roundish. Receptacle paleaceous. Pappus
none.
1. A. leaves bipinnatifid, hairy; the segments li- millefolium.
near-dentate, mucronatej stem furrowed.-—
Smith and Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 737. Engl. Bot. 758. Wood-
ville's Med. Bot. vol. 1. p. 179. t. 64.
Yarrow. Milfoil.
Yarrow has been introduced from Europe, but is now per-
fectly naturalized. About eighteen inches high. Flowers
white. Possesses medicinal virtues. (See Woodville's Med.
Bot.) In fields, hedges, and by fences, every where common.
Perennial. June, July.
323. HELIOPSIS. Pers. Syn. 2. p. 473. (Corymbiferce.)
Calix imbricated, scales subovate, lined.
Rays large and linear. Receptacle palea-
ceous, conic, pal»a lanceolate. Seeds 4-
sided. Pappus none. — JSTutt.
1 . H. leaves opposite, ovate-serrate, three-nerved. i*vis.
— Pers.
Heliopsis la^vis, Pers.
Bupltthalmum helianthoides, Willd.
Helianthus lsevis, Sp. PL 1278. and L'Herit.
Stirp.
Rudbeckia oppositifolia, Sp. PI. 1280.
Silphium solidaginoides, Sp. PI. 1302.
\S
128
autumn ale.
POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.
Smooth Ox-eye.
About two or three feet high. Flowers large, yellow, and
very handsome. Resembles the species of the succeeding
genus. On the banks of the Delaware, between Kaighn's
point and the next ferry below, in profusion, in thickets else-
where. Perennial. August, October.
324. HELENIUM. Gen. pi. 1299. (Conjmbifene.)
Calix simple, niauy-parted. Rays of the
flower semitrifid. Receptacle naked, glo-
bose ; the rays only paleaceous. Seed
villous ; pappus paleaceous, about 5-leav-
ed, leaflets awned. — J\Tutt.
l. H. leaves lanceolate, serrated, sub-decurrent;
stem corymbose above ; corrollulse of the disk
5 -cleft,* rays flat, reflexed. — Willd. and Pursh.
Sneeze-weed.
From three to four feet high. Flowers yellow. Possesses
errhine properties, and may consequently be useful in medi-
cine. In watery thickets, and on the mashy shores of the De-
laware, Schuylkill, and other waters; abundant. Perennial.
October, November.
mollis.
ORDER III.— POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.
(Discal florets bisexual; rays neutral, sterile.')
325. HELIANTHUS.Gen.pl. 1322. (Corymbifene.)
Calix imbricated, subsquarrose, foliaceous,
Receptacle paleaceous, flat. Pappus pa-
leaceous, 2-leaved, caducous. — Nutt.
1. H. leaves ovate, acuminate, three-nerved; ad-
pressed-serrate, scabrous above, white pubes-
POLYGAMIA, FRUSTR ANEA. I 29
cent, and very soft underneath ; calicine scales
lanceolate, adpressed. — Willd. enum.
H. tomentosus, Mich.
Sojt-leaved Sun-flower.
From two to three feet high. Leaves remarkably soft un-
derneath, and rough above. Flowers yellow. In fields and
meadows, and along fences, every where common. Peren-
nial. July till October.
2. H. leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, traeheiifoiitu.
three-nerved, all over very rough ; calicine
scales linear-lanceolate, ciliate, exterior ones
longer. — JFilld.
H. Gigas, Mich.
•
Throat-wort-leaved Sunflower.
About the size of No. 1. Flowers also yellow. In woods,
thickets, meadows, and dry swamps ; common. Perennial.
August till October.
3. H. stem glabrous, very much branched ; leaves divaricate.
sub-opposite, sessile, lanceolate-ovate, three-
nerved; panicle trichotoinous, weak, small-
flowered. — Willd. and Pursh.
Small -flowered or Bough-leaved Sun-flower.
Resembles both No. 1, and No. 2, but is taller and has
smaller flowers, and narrower leaves. Flowers entire, pale-
yellow. In similar places with No. 1, the commonest species
in this neighbourhood. Perennial. August till October.
4. H. leaves ovate-acuminate, remotely serrated, decaPe,a,u%
tripli-nerved, scabrous; calicine scales lanceo-
late, nearly equal, sub-ciliate; rays ten or ele-
ven.— Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Rob. ic. 235. (Pursh.)
Ten-petalled Sunflower.
From three to four feet high. Flowers large. In dry woods
of Jersev, rare. Perennial. August, September.
130 POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.
326. RUDBECKIA. Gen. pi. 132£. ( Corymbiferx.)
Calix subequal, mostly consisting of a double
series of leaflets. Receptacle paleaceous,
conic. Pappus a 4- toothed margin. — JWtt.
laciniata. 1. R. lower leaves pinnate; wings three-lobed,
upper ones ovate; pappus crenate; stem gla-
brous. — Schrader. Willd. enum.
Icon. Corn. Canad. t. 179. (Pursh.) Morris.
Hist. 3. s. 6. t. 6. f. 5S.
Jagged-leaved Rudbeckia.
A fine showy plant, from three to six feet high. Flowers
very large, yellow, with the petals long, drooping. I have
cultivated this plant, in my garden, and found it hardy. In
watery thickets, and on the margins of all the neighbouring
waters; common. Perennial. August, October.
pinnata ? 2. R. all the leaves pinnate, orfe or both of the lower
wings bi-partile, the rest undivided ; pappus very
entire; stem furrowed, hispid. — Schrader and
Willd, enum.
R. digitata, Willd. Sp. PL
R. odorata, Hortul.
Icon. Smith Exot. Bot. 38. Vent. jard. eels. 71.
Resembles No. 1, very much. I am not certain that this is
the true pinnata; it seems, however, to fit the description. In
thickets near the Buck-inn on the Lancaster-road, very rare.
Flowers yellow. Perennial. July, August.
327. BIDENS. Gen. pi. 1267. ( Corymbiferx.)
Calix subequal, caliculate. Rays often want-
ing. Receptacle paleaceous, flat. Pappus
& or 4 reflected or erect and retrorsely sca-
brous awns. Seed 4-sided. — J\*utt.
cemua. !• B. flowers subradiated, drooping; exterior ca-
POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA. 131
lix longer than the flower ; leaves lanceolate,
sub-connate, dentated. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 841. Cent. fl. Lond. 3. t. 55.
A showy plant with yellow flowers, that are either with or
without rays, inhabiting ditches, low wet meadows, and the
marshy borders of all our waters. Annual. August, September.
leaves lanceolate, serrated, opposite, amplexicaule. $ coreopsis.
Sp. PL
Icon. Barrel, ic. t. 1209. Loess, fl. Pruss. t.
11. (Pursh.)
In similar places with the preceding". Common. Flowers
either with or without rays. August.
2. B. flowers with rays, drooping ; the ray three chiysamhe- i
times as long as the subequal calix; leaves ob-m
long, attenuated at each end, dentated, connate
at the base. — Willd. and Mich.
Coreopsis perfoliata, Walt.
C. flammula, Herb. Banks, Mss. (Pursh.)
This is the most elegant species of the genus, which grows
in this neighbourhood. Flowers very large, and of a deep
yellow. In all overflowed places, especially the borders of
our waters; common. Annual. August, September.
3. B. flowers discoid; outer calix six times as frondosa.
long as the flower, its leaves ciliate at base;
lower leaves pinnate, upper ones tcrnate, lan-
ceolate, serrated. — Willd.
Icon. Morris. Hist. 3. s. 6. t. 5. f. 21.
Burr Marigold.
About a foot or two high. \In shady woods on good soil,
and in shady thickets ; common. Flowers without rays. An-
nual. July, September.
4. B. flowers sub-radiate; exterior calix the wpinnat
length of the interior ; leaves bi-pinnate: foli-
oles lanceolate, pinnatih'd. — Willd.
Icon. Herm. Farad, t. 123. (Pursh.)
132 POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.
Spanish Needles.
From ten to eighteen inches high. The seeds are long,
prickly, and adhere to the cloths of persons who pass through
fields or woods where the plant grows. The rays of the flow-
ers are very small, and yellow. In neglected fields and woods,
abundant. Perennial. July, October.
328. COREOPSIS. Gen. pi. 1325. (Conjmbiferoe.)
Calix double, both many -leaved, (8 to IS,)
interior equal, subcoriaceous and coloured.
Recejrtacle paleaceous, scales flat. Seed
compressed, em alginate, bidentate, den-
tures rarely awned. — JWtt.
*urea. %m q# leaves serrated, those of the root S-parted,
of the stem tiiiid or entire, lanceolate-linear.
— Willd.
C. aurea, Muhl.
Golden Thickseed Sun-Jlower.
This elegant plant I have heretofore only found in Jersey.
Flowers large, golden-yellow, showy. On the margins of
Timber-creek, and rivulets near Woodbury, Jersey. Bien-
nial. August.
329. ACTINOMERIS. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 181.
( Corymbifera.)
Calix simple, many-leaved, foliaceous, sub-
equal. Mays remote, elongated, (4 to 8.)
Meceptacle small and paleaceous, the leaf-
lets embracing the margin of the seed.
Seed compressed and marginated, with the
summit persistently 2-awned. — JWtt.
aktrmroiia. 1. A. leaves broad-lanceolate, serrated ; corymb
paniculated ; calix spreading, loose,- disk sub-
globose, in fruit squ ariose. — JWtt.
Actinomeris squarrosa, Nutt.
POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA. 135
Coreopsis altcrnitblia, L. and others.
Yerbesina Coreopsis, Mich, and Pursh.
From three to seven feet high. Flowers not handsome,
yellow. On the marshy shores of all our waters, abundant.
Perennial. July, September.
ORDER IV. POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.
(Radial florets only, fertile,')
530. AMBROSIA. Gen. pi. 1427. (Conjmbifer<e.)
Monoicous. — Masc. Calix 1 -leaved. An-
thers approximate, but not united. Recep-
tacle naked. — Fem. Calix 1 -leaved, entire
or 5-toothed, 1 -flowered. Corolla none.
Nut formed from the indurated calix, 1-
seeded. — JSTutt.
1. A. hirsute, asperate; leaves 3-lobed, serrated ; trifida.
lobes oval-lanceolate, acuminate ; fruit 6-spined
below the top. — Willd, and Pursh.
Icon. Morris. Hist. 3. s. 6. t. 1. f. 4.
Trijid-leaved Hogweed.
From fbur to eight feet high. Flowers very ordinary and
small. On the banks of rivers, creeks and ditches, everywhere
very common. Annual. August, September.
2. A. leaves bi-pinnatifid, hairy beneath, upper artemisifoiia.
ones pinnatifid ; racemes ternate, terminal;
branches fastigiate. — Willd,
Wormwood-leaved Hogweed,
From two to four feet high. A very common weed in all
cultivated grounds and neglected fields. Annual. August,
September.
134 POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.
eiatior. 3. A. leaves bi-pinnatifid, smoothish ; petioles long,
ciliated; racemes terminal, paniculated; stem
virgate. — Willd.
Tall Hog-weed.
In similar places, near the Buck-inn, on the Lancaster-road.
Rare. Annual. June, July.
331. XANTHIUM. Gen. pi. 1426. (Conjmbifer<e.)
Monoicous. — Masc. Calix imbricated. Jln-
thers approximate, but not united. Recep-
tacle paleaceous. — Fem. Calix a 2-leaved
involucrum, 1 -flowered. Corolla none.
Utriculus muricated, bifid. Nut g-celled.
— JSTutt.
strumaiium, l. X. stem branched, without prickles ; leaves cor-
date, serrated, rough, three-nerved at the base ;
fruit elliptical, pubescent, with stiff-hooked
bristles. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 970.
Clolweed. Cockle-burr. Lesser-burdock.
From one to three feet high. A very ordinary looking
plant, with green inconspicuous flowers. This, is said to be
the plant mentioned by Wilson in his Ornithology, under the
name " Cockle-burr," the seeds of which constitute the favour-
ite food of the Psitticus Caroliniensis, or Carolina parrot, some-
times called paraquet. This cockle-burr grows in great abund-
ance on the shores of the Ohio and Mississippi — where it in-
jures the wool of the sheep that pasture near it, insinuating
its prickly burrs so deeply into their wool that it is scarcely
worth any thing. In wastes, and among rubbish, even in the
suburbs of our city; common. Annual. September.
GYNANDRIA.
ORCHIS.
GOODYERA.
NEOTTIA.
LISTERIA.
POGONIA.
CALOPOGON.
ARETHUSA.
MALAXIS.
CORALLORHIZA.
CYPRIPEDIUM.4
ARISTOLOCHIA.
ASARUM.
[ 136 ]
CLASS XVIII.— GYNANDRIA.
ORDER L— MONOGYNIA.
f « Anther adnate, subterminal and persistent. —
Follinia (masses of pollen) affixed by the base,
composed of angular particles elastically co-
hering." R. Brown? Hort. Kew. 5. p. 188.
332. ORCHIS. [Swartz. Act. Stockholm, 1800. p. 205.]
( Orchidece.)
Corolla ringent, upper leaflet vaulted. Lip
dilated, the base beneath calcarate. Pol-
linia (anthers, L.) 2, terminal, adnate. —
Nutt.
ciiiaris, 1. O. lip oblong-lanceolate, pinnate-ciliate, twice"
the length of the petals ; horn longer than the
germ. — Willd.
Habenaria ciiiaris, Brown, in Hort. Kew.
Icon. Bot. Rep. 42.
Yellow -fringed Orchis.
A very elegant plant, about twelve inches high, with rich
orange-coloured flowers. In meadows, dry swamps and boggy
grounds not uncommon, especially in Jersey. Perennial.
July.
biepharigiot- g, O. Hp lanceolate-ciliate, the length of the up-
per petal; the horn longer than the germ. —
Willd.
Orchis testiculata floribus niveis, &c. Clayt. No.
560.
White-fringed Orchis.
Also a handsome plant closely resembling the preceding,
except that its flowers are snow-white. In the low boggy
GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 137
meadows of Jersey, near Woodbury ; very rare. Perennial.
July, August.
3. O. lip 3-parted ; segments sub-digitate, filiform : hcera.
horn the length of the germ ; flowers alternate.
— Mich.
O. physcodes, Willd. and Pursh.
Ragged Orchis.
About a foot high, resembling No. 2, somewhat. Easily
distinguished from it, however, by its flowers which are green-
ish-white. In similar places with No. 1. Rare. July, August.
4. O. lip lanceolate, three-toothed at the apex ; pe- ciaveiiata.
tals obtuse ; horn filiform at the apex, clavate- ^'
adscendent, longer than the germ. — Willd.
Orchis tridcntata, Willd. and Pursh.
Three-toothed Orchis.
About eight inches high, with a small spike of few greenish-
white flowers. In boggy grounds, not common. In such
places on or near the Woodlands. Perennial. July.
5. O. lip obovate, undivided, crenate, retuse ; spectabiiis.
petals upright, lateral ones longest; horn cla-
vate, shorter than the germ ; bractes longer
than the flowers; stem leafless. — Willd.
O. humilis, Mich.
Showy Orchis.
About a span high. This is one of the most beautiful plants
of our neighbourhood, and well worth cultivating. Leaves
broad, bluish-green. Flowers pale rose-violet and white mix-
ed. At the roots of trees in rich shady woods. Perennial.
May, June.
6. O. lip three-parted ; segments cuneiform, cili- fimbriate
ate-fiinbriate ; lateral petals ovate, dentate ;
horn filiform, clavate, longer than the germ.—
Willd.
Habenaria fimbriata, Brown, in Hort. Kew.
vol. II. 13
pufoescens.
GYNANDRIA, M0N0GY1JIA.
i
Purple-fringed Orchis.
From two to two and a half feet high. Flowers purfrle,
very elegant — the most showy species of the genus in niis
neighbourhood. On the marshy shores of tlie Delaware along
the bank walk from the Navy-yard to Gloucester point, and
about a mile north of the point, very scarce. I have found
but two specimens ; both in the spot just mentioned. Peren-
nial. July.
7. O. lip oblong, pinnate-ciliate ; petals roundish,
the two lateral ones dentate; the horn shorter
than the germ. — Willd. and Mich.
O. cristata, Mich.
O. physcodes, L.
Short-spurred Orchis.
Flowers resembling those of No. 1, but smaller, also orange-
colour. In dry swamps, Jersey ; but very rare. Perennial.
f f Anther persistent, parallel with the stigma. —
Pollinia affixed to the summit of the stigma, the
particles farinaceous or angular. R. Brown.
333. GOODYERA. R. Brown. (Orchidex.)
Neottia. Willd.
Gorolla ringent ; the 2 lower petals placed
under the gibbous lip, which is undivided
above. The column (or style) free. Pollen
angular.-WVutt.
1. G. radical leaves ovate, petiolate, reticulate ;
scape sheathing ; flowers pubescent : lip ovate-
acuminate ; petals ovate.— Willd.
Neottia pubescens, Willd.
Satyrium repens, Mich.
Rattle-snake Plantane. Veined-leaved Neottia.
About twelve inches high. Leaves thick, beautifully reti-
culated with white vems. Flowers white. In shady rich
woods and on rocks j common. Perennial. July.
)~C^ -
'iL&t^^^
j * .
4?
tJ. .
t:
*^ z--^< /^
GYtfANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 139
»
334. NEOTTIA. Swartz. R.Brown. (Orchidex.)
Corolla ringent; the 2 lower petals placed
under the lip, which is beardless ; interior
leaves connivent. Column apterous. Pol-
len farinaceous. — J\*utt.
1. N. radical leaves linear; scape sheathing ; tortus.
flowers spirally secund ; lip trifid, the middle
crenulate. — Tfllld.
Satyrium spirale, Swartz. Prodr.
Ophrys aestivalis, Mich.
Limodoi'um prsecox, Walt.
Orchis spiralis, L.
Spiral Neottia. Ladies Traces.
A slender delicate plant, appearing- to be destitute of leaves,
about ten inches high, with a spiral spike of white flowers. In
low meadows and boggy grounds; sometimes in exposed or
sunny fields. Common. Perennial. June, July.
2. N. leaves lanceolate, three-nerved; stem sheath- cemua.
ing; spike oblong, close-flowered; flowers re-
curvate-drooping : lip oblong, very entire, acute.
— Willd.
Ophrys cernua, Sp. PI.
Limodorum autumnale, Walt.
Resembles No. 1, very much, but is a larger plant, with
larger flowers. Also called Ladies Traces". About one foot
high. Flowers white, drooping1, in a tortuous spike. In grassy
places and low meadows ; not uncommon. Perennial. July.
335. LISTERIA. R.Brown. (Orchidec.)
ophrys. Smith, &c.
Corolla irregular. Lip pendent, bifid. Co-
lumn apterous, (minute;) the anther in-
serted at its base. Pollen farinaceous. —
Nutt.
140 GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
coniaw. i, L. stem 2-leaved; leaves opposite, cordate-
subrotund, acute; spike small-flowered ; lip ob-
long, dilated at the top, obtuse, 2-lobed; ger-
men sub-globose; root fibrous. — Willd.
Epipactis convallarioides, Pursh.
Ophrys cordata, Mich.
Heart-leaved Listeria.
A small plant, not exceeding six inches in height. Flowers
brown, mixed with green. Very rare in this neighbourhood.
In the dark swampy wood bordering a road leading from
Kaighn's point to the Woodbury-road; scarce. Perennial.
May.
Iff Jlnther terminal, inserted, persistent. Pollen
farinaceous or angular. R. Brown.
336. POGOXIA. Juss. R. Brown. (Orchidex.)
ARETHUSA, L.
Petals 5, distinct, without glands. Lip ses-
sile, cucullate, internally crested. Pollen
farinaceous. — JWtt.
ophiogiossoi- i# p. root fibrous; scape distantly 2-leaved; leaves
oval, lanceolate; lip fimbriated. — Willd. and
Fursh.
Icon. Lam. Illustr. t. 729. f. 2.
Avery elegant plant, about eight or ten inches high, bear-
ing a single leaf, and a single terminal rose-coloured flower.
In wet meadows, in bogs and morasses; common. Perennial.
June, July.
verticiiiata. 2. P. leaves in five's, oblong-lanceolate, verticil-
late; stem one-flowered, the three exterior pe-
tals very long, linear, the interior ones lanceo-
late; lip three-lobed, the middle segment un-
dulated.— Willd.
Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 34. f. 1.
GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 141
IVhorled Pogonia.
About ten or twelve inches high, with a single whorl of
leaves. Flowers singular, but not handsome, brownish-purple
mixed with yellow. Flowers sometimes two or three on a
stem. In shady woods of rich, moist boggy soil — also in bogs ;
frequent. Perennial. May, June.
337. CALOPOGON. R.Brown. (Orclddex.)
cymbidioi. Swartz.
Petals 5, distinct. Lip behind, (or inverted,)
unguiculated; the lamina bearded. Column
free. Pollen angular. — JVutt.
1. C. radical leaves ensiform, nerved; scape few- puicheiius.
flowered; lip erect, attenuated at base: lamina
expanded; disk concave, bearded. — JVilld. and
Pursh.
Cymhidium pulchellum, Willd.
Limodorum tuberosum, Syst. Veg. and Mich.
L. pulchellum, Salisbury.
Ophrys barbata, Walt.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 116.
About fifteen inches high, with a single leaf and a single
terminal flower of a rose -red, and very handsome. In bogs
and morasses; frequent. Perennial. July.
338. ARETHUSA. R. Brown. (Orc/adex.)
Petals 5, connate at the base. Lip below
growing to the column, cucullate above,
and internally crested. Pollen angular. —
JSTutt.
1 . A. without leaves ; root globose ; scape sheath- buiiwa.
ing, one-flowered; upper calicine segments in-
curved; lip somewhat crenulate. — IVilld. and
Pers.
Icon. Lam. lllustr. t. 729. f. 1. Pluk. mant.
t. 348. f. 7.
13*
142 GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
Bulbous-rooted Jlretkusa.
About a span high. Root tuberous, scape without leaves,
and bearing a single large terminal rose-coloured-flower. A
very rare plant. I have only found a single specimen, in a
morass a mile south-east of Woodbury, Jersey. Perennial. June.
1 1 1 1 Anther terminal, movable, deciduous. Masses
of pollen at length cereaceous.
339. MALAXIS. Swartz. R.Brown. (Orclude*.)
Petals 5, narrower than the lip, spreading
or deflected. Lip flattened, undivided, ses-
sile, (mostly situated behind.) Column
porrected. Pollinia 4, parallel, affixed to
the summit of the stigma. — JSTutt.
liiiitoiia. 1. M. leaves two, ovate-lanceolate; scape trique-
trous ; interior petals filiform, reflexed, disco-
loured ; lip concave, obovate, acute at the apex.
— Willd. and Pursh.
Ophrys trifolia, Walt.
Ophrys scapo nudo, foliis radicalibus, &c. Gron.
Virg. p. 138.
Epidendrum caule erecto simplicissimo nudo, ra-
cemo simplicifolia erecto, Gron. Virg. p. 140.
Icon. Bot. Repos. 65.
Liltj-leaved Malaxis
About six inches high. Flowers brownish-yellow. A singu-
lar and not unhandsome plant. In rich shady woods at the
roots of trees, growing on recent vegetable mould. Perennial.
Jane.
long.foiia. 2. M. bulb sub rotund ; scape two-leaved ; leaves
broad-lanceolate, longer than the scape ; spike
oblong; lip cordate, concave, canaliculate, shor-
ter than the petals. B.
M. correana, Bart. Prod. Ph.
GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 143
Long-leaved JIalaxis.
From three to seven inches high. Leaves very long, always
longer than the scape and spikes, when the plant is mature.
Root roundish. Flowers one-third the size of those in No. 3,
and a little larger than those of Xo. 3, of a yellowish-green
colour; lateral petals yellow. I first discovered this plant in
June, 1814, in the woods north of Powelton, on the Mantua-
road, at which time 1 detected only three specimens. I found
it abundantly the next season in the same place, and have sub-
sequently met with it in the shady woods bordering the Schuyl-
kill. Mr. Xuttall has found it this year on the Wissahickon,
near Langstroth's mills, growing with No. 1. Perennial. June.
3. M. one leaf, ovate, amplexicaule; scape five- ophiogiossoi-
angular; lip bifid at the apex. — fFUUL
M. imitblia, Mich.
Adder-tongue Malaxis. One-leaved Malaxis.
A very delicate plant, about six inches high, with a single
leaf, and a spike of small green flowers. In the shady woods,
three miles north of Woodbury, bordering the road ; and in
shady woods on the Schuylkill, very rare and scarce where
found. It is generally at the roots of trees in decayed vegetable
mould. Perennial. May, June.
340. CORALLORHIZA. Haller. R.Brown. (Orchide*.)
CYMBIDIUM. Willd.
Petals equal and connivent. Lip mostly aris
ing from the base. Column free, Pollin'u
% oblique (not parallel.) — J\Tutt.
1. C. lip trifid ; spur obsolete, every where adnate innata.
to the germ ; leaves none ; capsule obovate. —
JVVtt.
Corallorhiza innata, R. Brown.
Cymbidium Corallorhizon, Willd.
About ten or twelve inches high. Flowers brownish. Very
rare. In the shady, hilly woods above the falls of Schuylkill,
west side, very scarce. Perennial. September, October.
144
GYNANDRIA, DIANDRIA.
odomorhiza. 2. C. lip entire, oval and obtuse, margin crenu-
late ; spur obsolete, every where adnate to the
germ; leaves none; capsule subglobose. — Root
much branched, dentate; scape 8 to 10 inches
high, attenuated and rather slender, roundish
and bulbous at the base ; sheaths ochreate, about
3 in number; flowers numerous, pendulous;
petals brownish, connivent, and all inclined to
the upper side of the corolla; lip dilated, white,
and elegantly spotted with violet-purple, palate
bidentate; base of the column marginated; cap-
sule short and subglobose. — Nutt.
A smaller plant than No. 1, which it resembles. Seldom
more than seven inches high. Edges of sandy woods in Jersey —
in those near Camden, not unfrequent. I have found it very
rare west of the Delaware. Perennial. July, August.
hiemaiis. 3. C. leaf solitary, ovate, striate; lip trifid, ob-
tuse, with the palate ridged ; central lobe round-
ed, crenulate. — JSTutt.
Arethusa spicata, Walt.
Cymbidium hyemalc, Willd.
About twelve inches high. Flowers brown. Willdenow de-
scribes this plant as having two leaves, but I have not seen it
with more than one, which is covered with numerous longitu-
dinal nerves. In the high shady woods above the falls of
Schuylkill, west side ; very rare. Root consisting of two bulbs
joined by a short connecting radicle. The plant is sometimes
called Adam and Eve. Perennial. May.
ORDER II. DIANDRIA.
341. CYPPJPEDIUM. L. Svvartz. R. Brown. (Orchidea.)
Lip ventricose, inflated, saccate. Petals %
the under one bifid. The column terminat-
ing behind in a petaloid lobe. — J\Tutt.
GYNANDRIA, HEXANDRIA. 145
1. C. stem leafy; lobe of the style triangular-ob- pubescen..
long, obtuse ; exterior petals ovate-oblong, acu-
minate, interior very long, linear, contorted;
lip compressed, shorter than the petals. — U'Uld.
C. flavescens, Redout, pi. liliac.
C. Calceolus, /S. Sp. PI. 1346.
C. Calceolus, Walt.
Icon. Willd. hort. berol. 1. t. 13.
Large tjellow Ladies9 -slipper.
About fifteen inches high. Flowers large, yellow. In the
shady hills bordering the Schuylkill above the falls, west side,
very scarce. I have not found it elsewhere. Perennial. May.
2. C. scape leafless, one-flowered; radical leaves humiie.
a pair, oblong-obtuse ; lobe of the style subro-
tund-rhomlfWl, acuminate, deflexed; Jip longer
than the lanceolate petals, with a fissure behind.
—TFilld.
C. acaule, Ait.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 192. Salisb. in Lin. trans. 1.
t. 3. f. 4. Catesby. Car. app. t. 3.
Purple Ladies' -slipper. Moccassin-Jlower. i^w C/uc
About eight or ten inches high, with two large bluish-
green pubescent radical leaves, and a scape bearing a single
flower, with a large globose pendulous nectary. In boggy
grounds of Jersey, and in rich woods ; common. Perennial.
May, June.
ORDER III. HEXANDRIA.
342. ARISTOLOCHIA. Gen- pi. (Aristohchix.)
CalLv none. Corolla of 1 petal, ligulate, with
a ventricose base. Capsule 6-celled, many-
seeded, inferior. — JSTutt.
146 GYNANDRIA, DODECANDRIA,
serpentana. l. A. leaves cordate, oblong, acuminate; stem
flexuous, adscendent ; peduncles radical ; lip of
the corolla lanceolate. — Willd.
Icon. Woodville's Med. Bot. vol. 2. t. 106.
and Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol.2.
Virginian Snake-root.
A well-known plant, by the above name. About six or ten
inches high. Flowers at the root, dingy-purple. Possesses
medicinal properties. (See Woodville and Barton.) On the
banks of the Wissahickon, in the woods near Powelton, the
woods of Jersey, a mile or two east of Kaighn's point; and in
those above the falls of Schuylkill, west side; rather rare. Pe-
rennial. May, June.
ORDER IV. DODEC^DRIA.
343. ASARUM. Gen. pi. 801. (Aristolochix.)
Calix subcampanulate, 3 or 4- cleft. Corolla
none. Anthers adnate to the middle of
the filaments. Capsule inferior, 6-celled,
crowned with the calix. — Nutt.
canadense. l. A. a pair of leaves, broad-reniform ; calix
woolly, deeply three-parted ; segments sub-lan-
ceolate, reflexed. — Mich., Willd., and Pursh.
A. Carolinianum, Walt.
A. latifolium, Salisb. Prodr.
Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 2.
American Jlsarabacca. Wild Ginger.
A very aromatic plant, possessing the properties of Eu-
ropean Asarabacca. Flowers at the root, dingy-purple. Leaves
large and broad. On the hills bordering the Schuylkill, above
the falls, west side. Not common. Perennial. April.
MONOECIA.
CHARA.
TYPHA.
SPARGANIUM.
CAREX.
COMPTONIA.
ALNUS.
BCEHMERIA.
URT1CA.
MORUS.
AMARANTHUS.
ZIZANIA.
MIRIOPHYLLUM.
SAGITTARIA.
QUERCUS.
FAGUS.
CASTANEA.
BETULA.
CARPINUS.
PLATANUS.
LIQUIDAMBAR.
JUGLANS.
CARYA.
ARUM.
PINUS.
ACALYPHA.
EUPHORBIA.
[ 148 ]
CLASS XIX.— MONOECIA.
ORDER I. MONANDRIA.
344. CHARA. Sp. pi. 1397. (Majades.)
Calix and corolla none. Anther globose,
sessile. Style none. Stigmas 5. Berry
1 -celled, many-seeded. — Nutt.
vulgaris. 1. C. stems and branches naked at base ; branches
terete; joints leafy ; folioles oblong-subulate;
bractes shorter than the berry. — Willd.
Icon. Engl. Bot. 356.
Feather Beds.
Whole plant encrusted, and exceedingly disagreeable in
smell. In old ponds and sometimes in ditches along- the course
of the Delaware, Jersey side; rare. I have found it but once
this side of the Delaware, viz. in a ditch near Gloucester point.
The plant dries white or whitish-green, and is with difficulty
preserved for the herbarium, being- friable. Annual. August,
September.
ORDER III. TRIANDRIA.
345. TYPHA. Gen. pi. 1401. (Typhx.)
Masc. Ament cylindric. Calix obsolete, 3-
leaved. Corolla none. Fem. flowers be-
low the masculine. Calix and corolla none.
Seed 1, pedicellate, furnished with a pap-
pus at the base. — J\futt.
latifoiia. 1. T. leaves linear, flat ; masculine and feminine
spikes near each other, each cylindrical. —
Willd.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 1455. Fl. Pan. 645.
MONOECIA, TRIANDRI A. 149
Reed-mace. Cats9-tail. Cooper9 s-reed.
Every person knows the seed of this plant, by the name of
Cats'-tail ; it is used in making beds for the common people,
but is both unhealthy and unpleasant, and in every respect in-
ferior to long moss or straw. About four feet high. In
swampy meadows below the Navy Yard ; not common. Pe-
rennial. July, August.
2. T. leaves linear, a little channelled; masculine angustiioiia.
and feminine spikes remote from each other,
each cylindrical. — fFilld.
Icon. Bot. Mag. 1456.
J\ arrow-leaved Cats9 -tail.
Resembles Xo. 1, exceedingly ; rare. I have only found it
sparingly on the Delaware shores, particularly below Kaighn's
point. Perennial. July.
346. SPARGANIUM. Gen. pi. 1402. (Typha.)
tlment globose. Calix 3 to 6-leaved. Stig-
ma simple or bifid. Nut suberose, 1 -cell-
ed, 1 orS-seeded. — JSTutt.
1. S. leaves triquetrous at base, concave at the ramosum.
sides; peduncle common, branched ; stigma li-
near.— Smith and Willd.
S. erectum, Sp. PI. 1378.
Icon. Curt. Lond. 5. t. 66. Engl. Bot. 744.
Burr-reed.
About three feet high. Flowers in globose capituli. On
the marshy shores of the Delaware, every where abundant ;
also in ditches near the river. Perennial. June, July.
2. S. leaves triquetrous at base, flat at the sides; simplex.
common peduncle simple ; stigma linear. —
Smith and H'itld.
S. erectum, £. Sp. PI. 1378.
Icon. Curt. Lond. 5. t. 67. Engl. Bot. 745.
Grows in similar situations with No. 1. Perennial. July.
VOL. II. 14
150 MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.
347. CAREX. Gen. pi. 1407. (Cyperoidea.)
Flowers imbricated in an anient. Masc. Ca-
lix of a single scale. Corolla none. Fem.
Calix also of 1 scale. Corolla ventricose,
monopetalous, bidentate at the apex. Stig-
mas 2 and 3. JWt triquetrous, included
in the persistent corolla, (or utriculus.) —
§ 1 . Stigmas mostly two.
j Spikes dioicous.
steriiis. i. c. spikes about six; fruit ovate, compressed-
triquetrous, acuminate, recurved and bi-cuspi-
date at the top; margin ciliate-serrated. —
Willd.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Mmm. f. 146. (Pursb.)
Barren Sedge.
In damp places and meadows, common. Perennial. May.
f f Spikes androgynous.
* Spike 1, the summit masculine.
eephaiopho- o. c. spikes in an elliptical form ; fruit ovate,
compressed, bifid, margined, ciliate-serrated
above. — Willd.
C. typbina, Mich.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Hhh. f. 133.
Headed Sedge.
In woods, not unfrequent. Perennial. June.
squarrosa. 3. C. spike simple androgynous, cylindrical :
masculine below; capsules imbricated, hori-
zontal.— Sp. PL
MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA. lot
A well-marked species, with large fruit-heads. In copses
of the Neck; abundant. Perennial.
* * Spikes many, summits masculine.
4. C. spikelets about four, somewhat remote ; retroflexa.
fruit ovate, bi-deutate; margin glabrous, re-
flexed-spreading ; scales oblong-lanceolate. —
Schkurr.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Kkk. f. 140.
On woody hills of dry soil, every where common. Perennial.
June.
5. C. spikelets under five, oblong, aggregated ; stipnta.
fruit spreading, ovate-acuminate, bi-cuspidate,
convex, flat, nerved; culm triquetrous, very as-
perate.— JVilld.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Hhh. f. 132.
Close-spiked Sedge.
In low grounds, common. Perennial. April.
6. C. spikes narrow, paniculated, oblong, obtuse ; muitiflora. ^
fruit ovate, bi-cuspidate; scales ovate, mucro-
nate; bractes leafy, filiform.— Willd.
Icon. Schk. Car. 1. Lll. f. 144.
Many -flowered Sedge.
Very common on the borders of ditches, and in meadows.
Perennial. May.
7. C. spikes paniculated ; fruit rovate, margined pamcuiata.
above, bidentate ; margin ciliate-serrate ; culm
triquetrous. — Willd.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. D. f. 20. et var. t. Ttt f.
163.
V
1 5$ MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.
Panicled Sedge.
-
Grows with No. 6, to which it has some resemblance. Not
common. Perennial. May.
rosea. 8. C. spikelets about four, remote; fruit ovate,
acuminate, bidentated : margin ciliate-serrated,
horizontal ; scales ovate, obtuse, a leafy bracte
at the base of the lower spikelet. — Willd.
C. echinata, /3. rosea, Walhb. act. holm. 1803. p.
147. (Pursh.)
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Zzz. f. 179.
Rose Sedge,
In woods bordering1 the Wissahickon; not uncommon. Pe-
rennial. Mav.
lajropodioi-
des.
* * * Spikes many, summits feminine.
9. C. spikelets 11, alternate, elliptical, obtuse,
close to each other; fruit ovate-lanceolate,
marginated, bicuspidate; a long leafy bracte at
the foot of the last spike. — Willd.
C. Richardi, Mich.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Yyy. f. 177.
Hare's-foot Sedge.
In low grounds, common — particularly in the meadows of
the Neck. Perennial. June.
10. C. spikelets about five, alternate, elliptical,
obtuse, almost close together ; fruit ovate-lan-
ceolate, marginate, bicuspidate ; bractes oblong,
mucronate. — Willd.
C. viridula, Mich.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Xxx. f. 175.
Resembles No. 8, and grows in similar places ; very com-
mon. Perennial. May.
festucacea. 11. C- spikelets about 8, nearly close together,
alternate, cylindrical, those in fruit clavate;
scopana.
MONOECIA, TRIANDMA. 153
fruit subrotund-ovate, rostrate, bidentate, ci-
liate-serrated on the margin, larger than the
lanceolate-mucronate scale. — Willd.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Www. f. 173.
Fescue-like Sedge,
In dry woods, common. Perennial. May.
12. C. spike androgynous, compound; spikelets straminea.
about five, subrotund, masculine below, almost
close together; stigmas two; fruit subrotund-
ovate, rostrate, bidentate, ciliate-serrated on the
margin, larger than the lanceolate scale. — W'dld.
Schk. Car. p. 49. n. 38. t. G. f. 34. et t. Xxx.
f. 174.
Straw -coloured Sedge.
In woods, not uncommon. Perennial. June.
fff Spikes of distinct sexes.
* Male spike often solitary, the others feminine or partly
androgynous.
13. C. feminine spikes cylindrical, obtuse, about esspitosa,
three, distant, below on short projecting pedun-
cles ; fruit ovate-obtuse, perforated at the mouth,
larger than the oblong-obtuse scale; leaves
spreading. — Willd.
C. polyandra, Schk. Car. 1. p. 59. t. Dd. f. 90.
Turfy Sedge,
This species grows in large tufts together, and is the most
common one in this neighbourhood. In all meadows and low
grounds. Perennial. May.
14. C. masculine spikes two, feminine four, crimta. v_
distant, pedunculated, pendulous, cylindrical;
fruit subrotund-elliptical, ventricose, very
shortly rostellate, entire at the mouth, short-
er than the oblong, aristated scale. — Willd, and
Lamurk,
Icon. Schk. Eee. f. 125. et t. Ttt. f. 164.
14*
154 MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.
Chaffy Sedge.
Grows in similar places with No. 12, and also very common.
Perennial. June.
acuta. 15. C. masculine spikes two or three, feminine
about four, subpedunculated, subnutant, cylin-
drical, remote; fruit oblong, very shortly ros-
tellate; mouth entire, equal to the oblong-acute
scales. — Willd,
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ee. et Ff. f. 92.
Cutting Sedge,
Common in low boggy ground. Perennial. May.
§ 2. Stigmas three.
f Spikes androgynous, with the summits masculine.
None.
-j- f Terminal spikes male, the rest androgynous.
virescens. 16. C. spike androgynous, linear-pedunculated,
masculine below, feminine sub-approximated, by
pairs, sub-pedunculated, linear; fruit globose-
triquetrous, obtuse, pubescent. — Willd.
C. virescens, Muhl.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Mmm. f. 147.
Green Sedge.
In woods and hills, common ; very tall. Perennial. June.
nuxbaumii. 17. C. spike androgynous, pedunculated, obovate,
masculine below, feminine subternate, remote,
«ub-pedunculated ; fruit elliptical, triquetrous,
obtuse, obsoletely bidentated, equal to the ob-
long, mucronate scale. — Willd.
C. polygama, Schk.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. X. Gg. f. 76.
Buxbaums9 Sedge.
In wet places; rare. Perennial. May.
MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA. 1 55
f f f Spikes of distinct sexes.
* Male spike solitary, female ones sessile or with the pe-
duncles included.
18. C. feminine spikes about three, sub-approxi- varia.
mated, sessile, nearly globose; fruit sub-glo-
bose, triquetrous, rostrate, bidentate, pubescent,
shorter than the oblong scale; culm erect. —
mild.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Uuu. f. 167.
Variable Sedge.
In dry woods, common. Perennial. May.
19. C. feminine spikes about two, approximated, marginata. u
sub-globose, sub-sessile ; fruit globose, tomen-
tose, bidentate, larger than the oblong-ovate
scale; radical leaves longer than the culm. —
Willd.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Lll. f. 143.
Marginated Sedge.
A beautiful species, and very common, particularly in Jersey,
in woods and on their borders, also by fences. Perennial.
April.
20. C. masculine spike lanceolate, feminine two, vestita.
ovate, sessile, approximated ; fruit ovate, ros-
trate, obliquely pubescent at the mouth, nearly
equal to the ovate-acute scale. — Willd.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Bbbb. f. 182.
Hairy-beaked Sedge.
In shady wet woods, especially in the Neck ; common. Pe-
rennial. June.
21. C. feminine spikes three, on included peduncles: tentacuiata.
ovate, almost in contact; bractes very long,
leafy ; fruit ovate, ventricose, nerved, very
long, rostrate : mouth bidentate, longer than
the lanceolate-mucronate scale. — Willd.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ggg. f. 130.
15G
rostrata.
miliaris.
lupulina.
MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.
Long-pointed Sedge.
In wet woods and boggy ground, not rare.
May.
Perennial.
22. C. masculine spikes solitary; scales oblong
with very long awns, feminine cylindrical, two,
the lower on projecting peduncles; stigmas
three; fruit ovate, inflated, 5-nerved, rostrate,
bidentate at the mouth, longer than the oblong
aristated scale. — TVilld.
C. rostrata, Muhl.
Beaked Sedge.
In damp woods ; common. Perennial. June.
23. C. feminine spike for the most part solitary,
sessile, ovate ; bracte setaceous ; fruit globose,
smooth . — Mich.
On the shady banks of the Wissahickon ; not unfrequent.
Perennial. May.
24. C. feminine spikes three, on included peduncles;
oblong, close together ; bractes very long, leafy ;
fruit ovate, ventricose, nerved, very long, conic-
rostrate, bicuspidate at the mouth, much longer
than the ovate-mucronate scale. — Willd.
C. lupulina, Muhl.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ddd. f. 123. and t. Iii. f.
194.
Hop-like Sedge.
Fruit heads very large. In the boggy woods of Jersey, on
the Woodbury road ; not common. Perennial. June.
oiigocarpa, 25. C. feminine spikes 2, 3 or 4-flowered, pedun-
culated below ; fruit subrotund-triquetrous, obo-
vate, rostellate; mouth entire, longer than the
oblong-mucronate scale. — Willd.
C. paupercula, Mich.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Vvv. f. 170.
MOXOECIA, TRIANDRIA. 157
In moist places. Perennial. May.
26. C. feminine spike sub-solitary, about G-flower- foincuiata,
ed, peduncles sub-exserted ; fruit ovate, vcn-
tricose, nerved, rostrate, 2-cleft at the mouth,
longer than the ovate scale. — JVilld,
Icon. Schk. Car. t. N. f. 52.
Round-spiked Sedge,
Fellow Sedge, 0 xantho-
In damp woods and shady copses ; common. Perennial.
June. /3. more rare.
* * Male spikes solitary, female long" pedunculate ; sheaths
short.
27. C. spikes pedunculated, feminine four, dis- piamaginea.
tant ; fruit elliptical, triquetrous, pedicellate,
glabrous, shorter than the ovate-cuspidate
scale; bractes sheathing, somewhat leafy at the
top; radical ones lanceolate, nerved. — JVilld,
C. latifolia, Wahlb. act. Holm. 1803. p. 156.
(Pursh.)
Icon. Schk. Car. t. U. f. 70. et t. Kkkk. f.
195.
Plantane Sedge,
Leaves very broad. In shady woods, common ; particularly
on the Wissahickon. Perennial. May, June.
28. C. feminine spikes three, remote, lower ones anceps.
pedunculate ; fruit ovate, nerved, membrana-
ceous at the mouth, longer than the oblong-mu-
cronate scale. — Willd.
C. striatula, Mich.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Fff. f. 128.
Two-edged Sedge,
In the meadow grounds of* Jersey. Perennial. June.
29. C. feminine spikes about four, remote, with flexuosa. v->
filiform, drooping peduncles ; fruit distant, al-
1 58 MONOECI A, TRIANDRIA.
ternate, oblong-rostrate, bifid, twice the length
of the ovate-mucronate scale. — Willd.
C. debilis, Mich.
C. tenuis, Rudge in Lin. trans, t. 7. p. 79.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ddd. et Aaaa. f. 124.
Zigzag -spiked Sedge.
In the sandy, low wet grounds of Jersey and the Neck. Pe-
rennial. June.
* * * Male spike solitary, female ones pedunculate, sheaths
almost none.
miiiacea. 30. C feminine spikes three, pedunculate, 8-flow-
ered, upper ones sessile ; fruit ovate-triquet-'
rous, shortly rostrate, entire at the mouth,
longer than the oblong-emarginate aristate
scale. — TVilld.
Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ooo. f. 151.
Millet Sedge.
In the shady woods bordering the Wissahickon. Perennial.
July.
riparia. 31. C. masculine spikes four, feminine two, erect,
cylindrical, pedunculated,* fruit oblong, many-
nerved, rostrate, bifurcated, longer than the
oblong- mucron ate scale. — Willd.
C. lacustris, Willd. and Pursh.
Strand Car ex.
A very large species, every where common on the shores
of the Delaware. Perennial. June.
Mr. Collins, who has paid very close attention to this diffi-
cult genus, informs me, that all the species enumerated by Dr.
Muhlenberg, with the exception perhaps of six or eight, grow
within ten miles of Philadelphia. The above are all the species
I have yet met with.
348. COMPTONIA. Gxrtner. (Amentacece.)
Masc. Ament cylindric, scales 1 -flowered;
corolla none. Stamina 3 or % filaments
simple. Fem. Jiment ovate. Calix at
MONOECIA, TETRANDRIA. 159
length 6-leaved. Corolla none. Styles 2.
Nut oval, 1 -celled. — J\Tutt.
1. C. leaves long-linear, alternately crenate-pin- aspienifbiia.
natifid. — Willd.
Liquidambar poregrinum, Syst. Veg. 860.
L. aspleni folium, Sp. PI. 1418.
Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 19.
Sweet Fern. Fern-leaved Gale, <$*c.
About two feet high. Whole plant possessing a fine aro-
matic, resinous odour. Possesses medicinal properties. (See
Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In Jersey, on the bonders of
woods ; very common. On the high banks of the Wissahick-
©n, abundant. Perennial, April.
ORDER IV. TETRANDRIA.
349. ALNUS. Willdenow. Sp. pi. 4. p. 334. (Amentaeece .)
Masc. Anient composed of 3-flowered, cu-
neiform truncated receptacles. Calix the
scales of the ament. Corolla 4- parted. Fem.
Calix scales 2-flowered. Corolla none.
Seeds compressed, ovate, apterous. — JSTutt.
1. A. leaves obovate, acuminate; veins and axills *emiiata.
of the veins hairy underneath ; stipules ellipti-
cal-obtuse.— Willd.
Betula serratula, Ait.
B. rugosa, Ehrh.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbres forest, vol. 3. p. 320. t. 4.
Common Jllder. Candle JUder. Hazel *ilder.
A shrub from five to twelve feet high, growing in great
quantities along the margins of all our waters, and in swamps.
It is said to possess medicinal properties. b_ • March, April.
2. A. leaves subrotund-cuneate, obtuse, subretuse, giutinosa?
glutinous ; axills of the veins villous beneath. —
Willd.
160 MONOECIA, TETRANDRIA.
Betula Alnus, Sp. PI. 1394.
Icon. Engl. Bot. 1508.
Alder-tree.
On the banks of creeks and other waters; rare. \ . April.
350. BCEHMERIA. Gen. pi. 1421. (Urtiae.)
Masc. Calix 4- parted. Corolla none. Nec-
tary none. Fem. Calix and corolla none.
Seed 1, compressed. — Nutt.
cyiindrica. 1. B. leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, acuminate,
dentate, glabrous ; flowers dioicous ; male spikes
glomerate, interrupted, feminine cylindrical;
stem herbaceous. — Willd.
Urtica cyiindrica, L. and Mich.
Icon. Sloan. Hist. Jam. 1. t. 82. f. 2.
An ordinary looking' plant, from eighteen inches to two feet
high. In shady places along the margins of water courses ; not
rare. Perennial. June, July.
351. URTICA. Gen. pi. 1422. (Urtica.)
Masc. Calix 4-leaved. Corolla none. Nec-
tary central, mostly cyathiform. Fem. Ca-
lix S-valved. Corolla none. Seed 1, shin-
ing.— Nutt.
pumiia. 1. U. leaves opposite, ovate-acuminate, three- ner-
ved, serrated ; lower petioles the length of the
leaves; flowers monoicous, triandrous, capi-
tate-corymbose, shorter than the petiole. — Willd*
Pellucid Nettle. Rich Weed.
A common looking plant, varying in size from two inches to
fifteen. Leaves and stem shining, smooth, pellucid. Near
springs and rivulets ; in shady damp places, and in moist woods
near water-courses; every where abundant. Perennial. August.
MOXOECIA, TETRAXDRIA. 161
2. L. leaves opposite, cordate, ovate-lanceolate, d»o«ca-
deeply serrated : flowers dioicpus ; spikes pa-
niculated, glomerate, in pairs, longer than the
petiole. — JVilld.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 746. and Woodville's Med.
Bot. vol. 3. t. 146.
Common Nettle*
From one to two feet high, always growing in quantities to-
gether. Nettle was formerly much used as a medicine. (See
Woodville ;) it is still employed in domestic practice. In
wastes and among rubbish near habitations, introduced, but
naturalized. Perennial. June, July.
3. U. leaves alternate, cordate-ovate, acuminate, eaphata?
serrated, three-nerved, twice as long as the peti-
ole ; glomeruli spiked ; spikes solitary, shorter
than the leaf, leafy ahove ; stem naked. — Willd.
and Piwsh.
About the same size as Xo. 2, which it resembles. Along
the margins of the Delaware, both sides, in thickets; com-
mon. Perennial. July.
4. U. leaves alternate, cordate-ovate, acuminate, canadensis
serrated, every where hispid; panicles axillary,
for the most part in pairs, divaricately and very
much branched, the lower ones masculine, long-
er than the petiole, the upper ones elongated,
feminine; stem very hispid and stinging. —
mud.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 237. f. 2.
Hemp Nettle.
A large and common looking plant, from two to six feet
high. Leaves large. The bark of this species affords a fine
strong hemp, well worth attention. In shady woods and
thickets along the Schuylkill; common. Perennial. July,
August.
VOL. II. 15
162 MONOECIA, PENTANDRIA.
352. MORUS. Gen. pi. 1224. (Urtic*.)
Masc. Calix 4-parted. Corolla none. Fem.
Calix 4-leaved. Corolla none. Styles 2.
Calix becoming a berry. Seeds solitary.
—JVutt.
rubra. i. M. leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, or three
iobed, equally serrated, rough, pubescent be-
neath; feminine aments cylindrical. — Willd.
Icon. Mich. arb. forest. 3. p. 232. t. 10.
J
Red Mulberry.
The red Mulberry tree is well-known. Its wood is durable,
*Jn the borders of fields in the neighbourhood. 1% . June.
ORDER V.-- PENTANDRIA.
353. AMARANTHUS. Gen. pi. 1431. (Amaranthi.)
Calix 3 or 5-leaved. Corolla none. Stamina
3 or 5. Styles 3. Capsule 1 -celled.
1 -seeded, opening all round. — Nutt.
aUms. 1. A. glomeruli axillary, triandrous ; stem four-
angled, simple. — Willd.
Icon. Willd. amaranth, t. 1. f. 2. (Pursh.)
A common weed, in the suburbs of our city and liberties ;
and near habitations elsewhere in the neighbourhood. Flow-
ers very inconspicuous. Annual. All summer.
hybridus, i. A. racemes pentandrous, decompound, crowded,
erect ; leaves ovate-lanceolate. — Willd.
Cluster-Lowered Amaranth.
Also a common weed, in cultivated grounds and wastes.
Annual. All summer.
MONOECIA, HEXANDRIA. I6r
3. A. glomeruli axillary, in pairs, triandrous ; 'WW
masculine flowers triphyllous; leaves elliptical,
cmarginate, undulated on the margin. — fVilld.
Amaranth,
Green-flowered Amaranth.
Also a weed, found among rubbish ; but rather rare. An-
nual. July. August.
4. A. racemes pentandrous, terminal, compound ; spinosns.
axills spinous. — Willd. Amaranth.
Prickly Amaranth.
One of the commonest weeds in our country — it always
grows in large quantities together. Stems red and sometimes
the leaves. About two feet or more high, very much branched.
In the streets of the suburbs of our city and liberties, and all
the villages in the neighbourhood; in wastes and on road-
sides ; abundant. Full of thorns. Annual. All summer.
ORDER VI. HEXANDRIA.
354. ZIZANIA. Gen. pi. 1433. (Gramine*.)
Masc. Calix none. Corolla S-valved, awn-
less. Fem. Calix none. Corolla 2-val ved?
cucullate, awned. Style 2-parted. Seed i,
invested by the corolla. — JSTutt.
1. Z. panicle pyramidal, masculine, divaricating aquatica.
below, above spiked and feminine; props of the
flowers clavate, awned, long; seed long. —
Pursh.
Z. aquatica, Lambert, in Lin. tran. 7. p. 264.
Z. palustris, L. Mant. 295. Gron. Virg. 148.
and Schreber, Gram. p. 54. t. 29.
Z. clavulosa, Mich.
Icon. Lambert, as above, (excellent.)
«
1 64 MONOECfA, POLYAXDRIA.
Tuscarora Rice. Wild Rice. Indian Rice.
From three to six feet high. On the shores of the Dela-
ware and Schuylkill, and in ditches in the Neck, in profusion.
Perennial. July, August.
ORDER VI. POLYANDRIA.
355. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Gen. pi. 1440. {Xajades.)
Calix 4-cleft. Petals % caducous. Stamina
% 6, or 8. Germs 4. Styles none. Stig-
mas pubescent. Seeds % coated. — JWtt.
ambiguum. i. M. stem floating, dichotomous ; leaves petiolate,
pseudopinnate, the lowest capillary, emerging
ones pectinate, uppermost nearly entire, sub-
serrate; anthers partly oblong. — Obs. Stem dif-
fusely dichotomous, floating, radicles often sim-
ple. Leaves attenuated below so as to appear
petiolated, pectinately pinnatifid; immersed
leaves divided into long capillary segments, di-
visions of the upper leaves short, setaceous and
acute, from one to five pair; uppermost leaves
often oblong-linear and nearly entire. Flowers
axillary, solitary, sessile, bibracteate, bractes
dentiform, acute. Germ quadrangular, angles
terminating above in the segments of the calix.
Calix 4 -parted, divisions oblong-ovate, erect,
concave, reddish. Stamina the length of the
calix, sheathed by its segments, not exserted;
filaments minute; anthers somewhat oblong.
Styles none. Stigmas 4, roundish and villous or
pencillate. Fruit 4 coated, cylindric-oblong
seeds, furnished with internal sutures, and at-
tached to a minute setaceous axis. — JVutt.
Myriophyllum-Ptilophyllum, ambiguum, Nutt.
In springs, ponds and ditches, in Jersey ; common.
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 177
364. L1QUIDAMBAR. Gen. pi 1452. (Amentacet.)
Masc. Ament conic, surrounded with a 4-
leaved involucrum. Calix and corolla none.
Filaments numerous. Fem. Anient glo-
bose, also surrounded with a 4-leaved in-
volucrum. Calix 1 -leaved, urceolate, 2-
flowered. Styles 2. Capsules 2, surround-
ed by the base of the calix, 1 -celled, ma-
ny-seeded.— JYutt.
1. L. leaves palmate; lobes acuminate, serrated, styraciflua.
sinus at the base of the veins, villous. — Wilhl.
and Purslu
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 3. p. 194. t. 4.
Sweet Gum-tree.
The wood of this tree has a hard fine grain. In woods, rare,
V> . May.
365. JUGLAXS. Gen. pi. 1446. {Ament acece.)
Masc. Ament imbricated. Calix consisting
of scales. Corolla 5 or fi-parted. Stamina
18 to 36. Fem. Calix 4-cleft, superior.
Corolla 4- parted. Styles 1 or 2. Drupe
partly spongy ; not rugose, and irregularly
f urro w ed . — Natt.
1. J. foliohs numerous, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, nigra.
subcordate, narrow above, the underside and the
petioles sub-pubescent; fruit globular, rough,
dotted; nut corrugated. — Willd.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest, l.p. 157. t. 1.
Catesb. Car. 1. t. 67.
Black Walnut. t
A stately tree, affording1 an excellent durable wood for cabi-
net ware, and an esculent nut. In the rich woods of our neigh-
bourhood, very common, bj ■ April.
16*
178 MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
366. CARYA. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 220. (Amentacex.)
Masc. Anient imbricated. Calix 3-parted
scales. Corolla none. Stamina 4 to 6.
Fem. Calix 4-cleft, superior. Corolla
none. Styles noue. Stigma partly discoid,
4-lobed. Pericarp 4-valved. Nut sub-
quadrangular, even. — Nutt.
cathartic i. C. folioles about 15, lanceolate, roundish-ob-
tuse at the base, tomcntose beneath, slightly
serrated ; fruit oblong-ovate, viscid, on a long
peduncle; nut oblong-acuminated, remarkably
rough . — Mich. f.
Juglans cathartica, Mich. f.
J. cinerea, Willd.
J. oblonga, Mill. Diet, and Retz. Obs. 1. p. 10.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. t. 2.
Butter-nut. Oil-nut. White Walnut. Purging
Hickory -nut.
I have met with this tree several times in this neighbour-
hood, where it had the appearance of being indigenous. \ .
April, May.
laciniosa. 2. C. leaves large ; folioles 7-9 pairs, ovate, acu-
minate, serrated, sub-tomentose, the odd one
petiolated ; fruit large, ovate ; nut oblong, thick,
moderately compressed. — Mich. J.
Juglans laciniosa, Mich. f.
J. compressa, /3. macrocarpa, Muhl.
J. mucronata, Mich. fl. Am.
J. sulcata, Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. 1. 8.
Thick Shell-bark Hickory. Springfield or Glou-
cester-nut.
This species is frequent about twelve miles from Philadel-
phia, near Springfield. I have found it a mile or two south-east
of Woodbury. lj . April.
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 1T9
3. C. folioles 5, large, on long petioles, ovate-acu- squamosa.
minute, serrated, villous beneath, the odd one
sessile; masculine ainents compound, glabrous
and filiform: fruit globose, depressed, large:
nut compressed, whitish. — Mich.f.
Juglans squamosa, Mich. f.
J. comprcssa, Gaert., NVilld. ; and Muhl. in now
act. soc. nat. scrut. berol. 3. p. 390.
J. alba, Mich. fl. Am. and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. t. 7.
Shell-bark Hickory. Shagg-bark Hickory. Scaly-
bark Hickory,
The common shell-bark nuts which arc so well-known and
so highly esteemed, are the fruit of this tree. In all our woods,
frequent. ^ • April.
leaflets about 5, oblong-lanceolate; sharply serru- gmia-ocar/ja.
late, and conspicuously acuminate, on both
sides smooth, beneath glandular, terminal leaf-
let subpetiolate ; fruit subglobose, pericarp thin ;
nut partly quadrangular, small and rather thin
shelled, mucro obsolete, truncate. — JSftitt.
Juglans compressa, ex.. inicrocarpa, Muhl.
Carya microcaipa, Nutt.
On the banks of the Schuylkill, on the road to the fills.
This is rather a variety of No. 2, as Muhl. considered it, than
a distinct species, as it is made by Mr. Nuttall. ^ • May.
4. C. folioles 7-9 pairs, slightly serrated, conspi- tomemosa.
cuously villous beneath, the odd one sub-petio-
late ; ainents compound, very long, filiform, re-
markably tomentose; fruit globose or oblong; nut
quadrangular, thick and very hard. — vUich.f.
Juglans alba, Willd.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 186. t. 6.
Common Hickory. Mocker-nut Hickory. White-
heart Hickory.
This is the commonest species in our neighbourhood. The
180
porcina.
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
nuts are known by the name of Hickory-nuts, in contradistinc-
tion to those of No. 2, which are called shell-barks. The shell
of the present species is very thick, and difficult to crack.
The kernel is also difficult to be got at, but sweet tasted. lj .
April.
5. C. tree large ; folioles 7-9 pairs, smooth, con-
spicuously serrated, the odd one on short pe-
tioles ; fruit subrotund-ovate, above the suture a
little prominent; nut even, sub-globose, mucro-
nate; shell fragile, the kernel bitter. — Mich. J.
Juglans amara, Mich, and others.
Bitter-nut, White Hickory. Swamp Hickory.
In rich woods, common,
and astringent. 1? ■ May.
The kernel is exceedingly bitter
6. C. leaves 5-7 pairs, ovate, acuminate, glabrous ;
masculine aments compound, filiform, glabrous;
fruit pyriform or globose; nut small, smooth,
very h ard . — Mich. f.
a, obcordata. fmit globose ; nut obcordate, Mich.f Jlrbr. forest.
1. p. 206. t 9. f. 3 and 4.
Juglans obcordata, >\ illd.
,t ficiformis. fruit turbinated ; nut oblong, Mich. f. Jlrbr. forest.
1. p. 209. t. 9. f. 1 and 2.
Juglans glabra, Willd.
Pig Nut. Hog Nut. Broom Hickory.
The fruit of this species is not, in genera], esculent, though
I have sometimes tasted it not disagreeable. The wood of the
present tree is made into what are called hickory -brooms, for
washing pavements, &.c. Common. ^ • April.
367. ARUM. Gen. pi. 1387. (Aroidex.)
Spatha cucullate. — Spadix above naked, be-
low feminine, in the middle staminiferous.
MOXOKCIA, VOLYANDR1A. 1 G9
st utellatc ; acorn depressed-globose. — Willd.
and Pursh.
Q. tinctoria angulosa, Mich. Qucrc.
Q. discolor, Willd. nov. act. soc. nat. scrut. bcrol.
3. p. 399.
Q. velutina, Lamarck.
Black Oak. Quercitron. Dyer's Oak.
In the liilly woods of our neighbourhood. ^ . May.
7. Q. leaves oblong, pinnatifid-scolloped, pubes- discolor.
cent beneath ; lobes oblong, dentated, bristly -
mncronate; cup turbinate; acorn ovate. — Willd.
and Pursh.
Q. tinctoria sinuosa, Mich. Querc.
Icon. Abbot's Insects, 2. p. 111. and. 56.
Black Oak. Red Oak. Two-coloured Oak.
Resembles No. 4, very much. Found with it. lj . May.
1 1 1 Leaves deeply scolloped and lobed.
8. Q. leaves on long petioles, oblong, deeply scol- «>ccinea.
loped, glabrous ; lobes divaricate, dentated,
acute, bristly-mucronate ; cup turbinate, re-
markably scally; acorn short-ovate. — Willd.
and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 18. t. 31, 32. Mich. f.
Arbr. forest. 2. p. 116. t. 23.
Scarlet Oak.
In rich woods ; very rare. ^ . May.
9. Q. leaves on long petioles, oblong, glabrous, «!»■
obtuse, scolloped ; lobes somewhat acute, denta-
ted, with a bristly point; cup scutellate, near-
ly even; acorn sub-ovate, turgid. — Willd. and
Pursh.
Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 20. t. 55. 36. Mich.
f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 126. t. 26.
170
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
Red Oak.
The finest timber tree among the oaks.
V May.
In all our woods.
taicata. 10. Q. leaves on long petioles, obtuse at the base,
tomentose beneath, three-lobed or scolloped;
lobes sub-falcate, with a bristly point, terminal,
elongated; cup crateriform ; acorn globose. —
Mich.Jl. Jlnur.
Q. elongata, Willd.
Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 16. t. 28. Mich. f.
Arbr. forest. 2. p. 104. t. 21.
Spanish Oak. Downy-red Oak.
In the low woods of Jersey. Jj . May.
paiustris. 11. Q. leaves on long petioles, oblong, deeply scol-
loped, glabrous; axills of the veins villous be-
neath: lobes divaricate, dentated, acute, with a
bristly point; cup scutellate, even; acorn sub-
globose. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 19. t. 33. 34. Mich,
f. Arb. forest. 2. p. 123. t. 25.
Swamp Spanish Oak. Fin Oak.
Leaves small. In low damp woods. \ . May.
Banisteri. 12. Q. leaves on long petioles, obovate-cuneiform,
three or five-lobed, margin very entire, with
an ash-coloured tomentum beneath : lobes with
a bristly point; cup somewhat turbinate;
acorn sub-globose. — Mich, fi, Jlmer.
Q. illicifolia,' Willd. and Wangh.
Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 15. t. 27. Mich. f. Arbr.
forest. 2. p. 96. t. 19.
Bear Oak. Black Scrub Oak. Dwarf Red Oak.
Banister's Oak.
A small species, being little else than a shrub ; from 4 to 6
feet high. On the high banks of the Wissahickon, near Lang-
stroth's mills, abundant. Jj • May.
MONOECIA, POLYANDUIA. 171
<j) 2. Fructification annual; leaves awnlcss.
f Leaves lobed.
13. Q. leaves oblong, scolloped, cuneate at base, pu- obmsiioba.
bescent beneath : lobes obtuse, upper ones dila-
ted, 2-lobed: cup hemispherical; acorn oval.
— MicJuJi. Jimer. and Purs/i.
Q. stellata, Willd. and Wangfa.
Icon. Mich. Querc. No. l. t. l. Mich. Arb. fo-
rest. 2. t. 4.
Upland White Oak. Iron Oak. Barren White Oak.
Post Oak.
In barren woods. \i . May.
14. Q. leaves oblong, pinnatifid-sinuate, pubes-aiba.
cent beneath : lobes linear-lanceolate, obtuse,
very entire, attenuated at the base; fruit pe-
dunculated; cup sub-craterate, tuberculate,
flat at the base ; acorn ovate. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest, vol. 2. t. 1.
White Oak.
One of the commonest, and a very useful species. Jj . May.
f f Leaves entire, toothed.
15. Q. leaves on long petioles, obovate, acute, pu- Prirms,
bescent beneath, deeply dentated ; teeth nearly
equal, dilated, point callous; cup craterate,
narrowed at base; acorn ovate. — Willd. and
Pursh.
Q. Prinus palustris, Mich. fl. Am.
Icon. Mich. Querc. n. 5. t. 6. Mich. f. Arbr.
forest. 2. t. 7. Catesby. Car. 1. t. 18.
Chesnut White Oak. Swamp Chesnut Oak.
On the banks of the Schuylkill, above the falls. Fruit
large. ^ . May.
172 MONOEICA, POLYANDRIA.
bkoior. 16. Q. leaves on short petioles, oblong-ovate, with
a white tomentum beneath, deeply dentated,
very entire at the base ; teeth unequal, dilated,
somewhat acute, the point callous; the fruit in
pairs, on long peduncles; peduncle terminating
in a bristle; cup hemispherical; acorn ob-
long-ovate.— Willd. and Farsh.
Q. Prinus tomentosa, Mich. Querc.
Q. Prinus discolor, Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p.
46. t. 6.?
Swamp White Oak.
In wet or boggy woods, fy . May.
Montana. \f m Q, leaves on petioles of a middling length,
broad-ovate, oblong, with a white tomentum be-
neath, shining above, deeply dentated, obtuse
and unequal at base ; teeth nearly equal, very
obtuse, short; fruit in pairs, on short peduncles;
cup hemispherical ; scales tuberculate, rugose ;
acorn ovate. — Willd. and Pursh.
Q. Prinus monticola, Mich. Fl. Amer.
Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 5. t. 7. Mich. f. Arbr.
forest. 2. t. 8. Abbot's Insects, 2. t. 82.
Rock Chesnut Oak.
On Chesnut -hill ; common. ^ . May.
castanea. IS. Q. leaves on long petioles, oblong-lanceolate,
base obtuse, acuminate, tomentose-beneath,
deeply dentated ; teeth sub-equal, dilated, acute,
callous at the point ; cup hemispherical ; acorn
ovate-sub-globose. — Willd. and Pursh.
Q. Prinus acuminata, Mich. fl. Amer.
Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 5. t. 8. Mich. f. Arbr.
forest. 2. p. 6 1 . t. 9.
Fellow Oak.
A fine species. On the woods bordering the banks of the
Delaware, nine or ten miles above Philadelphia, lj • May.
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 1 7 I
19. Q. leaves on short petioles, obovate, acute at chinquapin.
base, deeply dentate, glaucous beneath; teeth
nearly equal, dilated, callous at the point; cup
hemispherical; acorn ovate. — Pursh.
Q. Prints Chinquapin, Mich. f.
Q. Prinoides, Willd.
Icon. Mich. Querc. n. 5. t. 9. f. 1. Mich. f.Arbr.
forest. 2. t. 10.
Chinquapin Oak. Dwarf Chesnut Oak.
A very handsome shrub, when in flower, in which state I
have found it from one to four feet high. On the edges of
woods near Kaighn's point, in the hedges bordering the
sandy fields near the Delaware, and not far from Kaighn's
point ; and in similar places near Woodbury. \ . April, May.
358. CORYLUS. Gen. pi. 1450. (Amentacea.)
Masc. JLment imbricated. Calix the scales
of anient. Stamina 8. Fem. Calix 2-part-
ed? lacerate. Styles 2. Nut ovate, in-
closed by the persistent calix. — JX*utt.
1. C. leaves subrotund, cordate-acuminate; calices Americana.
of.the fruit subrotund-campanulate, larger than
the globose nut ; limb dilated, dentate-serrated.
—mud.
Icon. Wangh. Amer. t. 29. f. 63.
American Hazel-nut. Wild Filbert.
A shrub, from five to eight feet high. In shady woods on
the Chester-road, ten miles from the city. ^ . March.
359. FAG US. Gen. pi. 1448. (Amentacex.)
Masc. Ament roundish. Calix 5-cleft, cam-
panulate. Stamina about 12. Fem. Calix
4-toothed? setose. Germs 2. Nuts 2, in-
cluded in the echinate, coriaceous and
quadrifid calix. — JVutt.
VOL. II. 16
J ~4 MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
s:XA*nnicana. * * ^ leaves ovate-acuminate, slightly dentate;
margin ciliate, acute at base; nuts ovate-tri-
quetrous, obtuse, with a point. — Willd. and
Mich. f.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 170.
Beech-tree. White Beech.
A fine tree, common in our woods, bordering' waters. lj •
May.
ferruginea. 2. F. leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, pubescent
beneath, deeply dentate, obtuse at the base,
sub-cordate, unequal ; nut acutely ovate-trique-
trous, very acute. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. Arbr. 2. p. 174. t. 9.
Red Beech.
On the edges of woods, on the Chester-road. lj . May,
June.
360. CASTANEA. Toumef. Inst. t. 352. (Amenlacex.)
Polygamous. — Masc. Anient naked, linear.
Corolla 5 or 6-parted. Stamina 10 to 20.
Fem. Calix 5 or 6-leaved, muricate.
Germs 3. Stigma pencillformed. Nuts
3, included in the echinated calix. — JSTutt.
1. C. leaves lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate-
serrated, every where smooth. — Willd.
Fagus castanea, Hort. Clift. 447.
Icon. Mich. Arbr. 2. p. 156. t. 6.
•American Chesnut.
A fine large tree, the fruit of which is well-known by the
name of Chesnuts. Every where in the woods ; common. ^ .
May.
361. BETULA. Gen. pi. 1419. (Amentacex.)
Masc. JLment imbricated; scales peltate, 3-
simericana.
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. I T9
flowered. Calix consisting of scales. Co-
rolla none. Stamina 10 to 12. Fem. Ca-
lix scales S-flowered. Corolla none. Seed
i, alated. — JYutt.
1. B. leaves deltoid, long, acuminated, unequally popofifeik.
serrated, very glabrous; lateral scale lobes of
the strobiles subrotund; petioles smooth. —
mm.
B. acuminata, Ehrh.
B. lenta, Du Roi. harbk. and Wangh. Amer.
Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 139. t. 2.
White Birch. Old-field Birch.
A middling sized tree. In woods on the Chester-road. fy .
June.
2. B. leaves ovate, acuminate, doubly serrated ; papyrifera.
veins hirsute beneath ; petiole smooth ; feminine
aments pedunculated, nutant ; lateral scale lobes
short, suborbiculate. — Willd. and Pursh.
B. papyracea, Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 133. t. 1.
Pap&r Birch. Canoe Birch.
A large tree. On the banks of the Schuylkill near the falls;
on Timber-creek, and elsewhere' in Jersey. Jj . May.
3. B. leaves cordate-ovate, narrowly serrated, iema.
acuminate; nerves and petioles hairy beneath;
scales of the strobiles smooth ; lobes obtuse,
equal, with raised veins. — Willd. and Pursh.
B. carpinifolia, Ehrh.
B. nigra, Du Roi. harbk. and Wangh. Amer.
Icon. Mich. Arbr. 2. p. 145. t. 4.
Mountain Mahogany. Black Birch. Cherry Birch.
Sweet Birch.
A large and elegant tree. Its branches have a fine sweet
176 MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
aromatic taste and smell, and its wood is very fine and hand-
some. On the shores of the Schuylkill, east side, below the
falls and elsewhere. \ . May.
362. CARPINUS. Gen. pi. 1449. (Amentacece.)
Ament imbricated. Masc; Scales of the ca-
lix ciliated. Stamina about 10. Fem. Ca-
lix scales 2-flowered. Corolla trifid. J\*ut
ovate, sulcate. — JVutt.
Ammcana. x. C. leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, unequally
serrated; scales of the strobiles three -parted,
the intermediate segment ovate-lanceolate, late-
ral one dentated. — Willd.
C. Virginiana, Mich. Arbr. forest. 3. t. 8.
American Horn-beam.
On Cooper's creek, the Wissahickon and Schuylkill ; not
uncommon. lj . May.
363. PLATANUS. Gen. pi. 1451. (Amentacea.)
Ament globose. Masc. Calix none. Corolla
scarcely manifest. Anthers adnate to the
filaments from the base. Fem. Calix ma-
ny-leaved. Corolla none. Stigmas recurv-
ed. Capsules sub-clavate, 1 -seeded, mu-
cronate with the style, pappose at the base.
— JWtt.
occidemaiis. j. p. leaves five-angular, obscurely lobate, den-
tated ; branches whitish. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest. 3. t. 3.
Button-wood. Water Beech. Sycamore. Plane-tree.
In Canada — Cotton-tree.
The largest tree of North America. I have seen it on the
islands in the Susquehanna, near Peach-bottom, of an immense
diameter. In fields, and on the borders of rivers, and roads;
common. J^ . May.
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 165
Stem rooting, erect; leaves rigid, partly entire, or /& *»«**
divided above, mostly trifid; segments seta-
ceous and acute. — Nutt.
Purshia humilis, Rafinesque, New York Med.
Rep. 2. p. 361?
A small plant, growing' on the overflowed banks of the Dela-
ware, just above Kensington.
356. SAG1TTARIA. Gen. pi. 1441. (Junci.)
Calix 3-leaved. Petals 3. Stamina about
24. Germs many. Caps ides ? aggregated,
1 -seeded, not opening. — J\Tutt.
1 . S. leaves ovate, acute, sagittate ; lobes ovate, sagittifolia.
very slenderly acuminated, straight; scape
simple ; flowers monoicous ; bractes subrotund-
obtuse. — Willd.
S. sagittifolia, Mich, and Muhl.
S. latifolia, Pursh, and Willd.
leaves large, abruptly acute ; scape somewhat /3 wfiiia.
branched ; flowers dioicous. — Pursh.
S. sagittifolia, /3. major, Pursh.
Arrow -leaved Arrow-head.
A very fine looking plant, in profusion in all the ditches and
on the margins of all the waters of our neighbourhood. From
twelve inches to three feet high. Flowers white. 0. is also
very common, and always a much larger plant. The Indians
are said to have roasted the roots of this plant for food. Pe-
rennial. July, August.
2. S. leaves dilate-ovate, rotund-obtuse, mucro- obtusa«
nate, sagittate; lobes close together, oblong,
obliquely acuminated, straight; scape single;
flowers dioicous; bractes ovate, acute. — Willd.
and Pursh.
Obtuse-leaved Arrow-head.
In similar places with the preceding, but rare. Flowers also
white. Perennial. July, August.
15*
166
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
heterophyiia? 3, s. leaves simple, linear and lanceolate, acute at
each end, or elliptical acute ; base obtuse, sa-
gittate; lobe divaricate, linear ; scape simple,
few-flowered ; flowers monoicous, feminine
sessile; bractes broad-ovate, acuminate. —
Pursh.
S. lancifolia, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.
Varying-leaved Arrow-head,
I am not certain that the plant intended above, is Pursh's
heterophyiia, but it fits the description in part. It can hardly
be the lancifolia of Mich., which is a southern plant. In
similar places with No. 1, common, varying in size from one to
three feet The scapes are round, the long1 petioles triangular ;
sheathing at the root. In a pool on the left of the road near
Lemon-hill, abundant. Perennial. June, August.
acmifoiia. 4. S. leaves subulate, sheathing at the base ; back
convex ; scape simple, few-flowered ; flowers
monoicous ; bractes dilated, acuminate. — Pursh.
Acute-leaved Arrow-head.
From three to ten inches high. Leaves often with a dilated
point. On the marshy shores of the Delaware, at low tide ;
common. Perennial. July, August.
subuiata. 5. s. leaves linear, obtuse and short, the summits
foliaceous ; scape simple, shorter than the leaves;
flowers monoicous, few ; female flower solitary,
deflected ; stamina mostly seven. — Nutt.
S. pusilla, Nutt.
Alisma subuiata, Pursh.
From one to three or four inches high. I have strong sus-
picions that this is nothing more than a variety of No. 4. For
the present I leave it undecided. With No. 4, common. Pe-
rennial. July, August.
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 167
§ 1. Fructification biennial; leaves setaceoushj mu-
cronate.
f Leaves mostly entire.
357. QUERCUS. Gen. pi. 1446. (Amentacex.)
Masc. Calix mostly 5 -cleft. Corolla none.
Stamina 5 to 10. Fem. Calix 1 -leaved,
entire, scabrous. Corolla none. Styles 2
to 5. Nut (or gland) coriaceous, mostly
surrounded at the base by the persistent
calix. — JSTutt.
1. Q. leaves deciduous, linear-lanceolate, atten- PhelI*3«
uated at each end, very entire, glabrous, rau-
cronate ; cup scutellate ; acorn subrotund. —
WilliL and Pursh.
Q. Phellos sylvatica, Mich. Querc. n. 7.
Icon. Mich, as above. Mich. f. Arb. forest. 2.
t. 12.
Willow Oak.
Forty or forty-five feet high. Leaves resembling' those of
the willow. In low swampy grounds, especially in Jersey. \i .
May.
2. Q. leaves deciduous, oblong, acute at each end, imbricaria.
mucronate, very entire, shining, pubescent be-
neath ; cup scutellate ; scales broad-ovate ;
acorn sub-globose. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. Querc. n. 9. t. 15 and 16. Mich,
f. Arbr. forest, 2. p. 78. t. 13.
Laurel Oak. Jack Oak. Shingle Oak.
Forty or fifty feet high. In the woods, close to Woodbury ;
very rare. I2 . May, June.
f f Leaves toothed or shortly lobed.
3. Q. leaves on long petiolates, ovate -lanceolate or teterophyiia.
168 MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
oblong, entire, or unequally toothed with large
dentures; cup hemispherical; acorn sub-globose.
— Mich. f.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbres. forest. 2. p. 87.
Burner' s Oak. BartraitCs Oak. Various -leaved Oak.
The only individual of this species known ; supposed to he
a hybrid. On the banks of the Delaware, at Kingsess. \ .
May.
aquatica. 4. Q. leaves ovate-cuneiform, glabrous, very en-
tire; apex obscurely 3-lobcd> intermediate lobe
longest; cup hemispherical; gland sub-globose.
— Willd.
Q. nigra, Sp. PI. 1413.
Q. uliginpsa, Wangh. Amer. (Pursh.)
Icon. Mich. Quere. n. 11. t. 19. t. 20. fig. I, 3,
4, 5, and t. 21. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 89.
t. 17.
Water Oak.
In the swampy woods two miles south-east of the Buck-inn,
on the Lancaster road ; very rare. The leaves of this species
vary very much. \ . May.
»igra« 5. Q. leaves coriaceous, cuneiform, subcordate at
base; apex dilated, retuse, sub-three-lobed ;
younger ones mucronate, glabrous above, rusty-
pulverulent beneath; cup turbinated; scales ob-
tuse, scarious ; acorn short-ovate — Willd.
Q. nigra, & Sp. PI. 1413.
Q. ferruginea, Mich. f. Arb. forest. 2. p. 92.
Icon. Mich. Querc. n. 12. t. 22, 23. Mich. f.
Arb. forest, t. 18. Catcsby. Car. 1. 1. 19.
Barren Oak. Black Jack.
Tn the sandy woods of Jersey, near Haddonfield and Wood-
bury; not rare. \ . May.
tinctoria. 6. Q. leaves obovate-oblong, very slightly scollop-
ed, pubescent beneath ; lobes oblong, obtuse, ob-
soletely denticulate, with a bristly point; cup
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 181
Calix and corolla none. Berry 1 or many-
seeded. — J\Tutt.
1 . A. stemlcss ; leaves pedate ; tblioles lanceolate- Dracontium.
oblong, very entire; spadix subulate, longer
than the oblong-convolute spathe. — Willd. and
Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 271. f. 2.
Green Dragon. Dragon Root. Pedate-leaved Wake
Robin.
About two feet high. Leaves large. On the "Wissahickon,
and the borders of* the Schuylkill, west side ; rather rare. Pe-
rennial. June.
2. A. subcaulescent ; leaves ternate ; folioles ovate, tripbyiium.
acuminate; spadix clav ate, half the length of
the ovate, acuminate, flat, pedunculated spathe;
flowers monoicous. — TVilld.
with a green spathe. * virem.
Icon. Pluk. amalth. t. 376. f. 3.
with a purple spathe. £ atr»Purpu-
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 77. f. 5.
Indian Turnip.
A singular looking plant with a hooded spathe, often pret-
tily striped within, though sometimes entirely green with ob-
scure white stripes. Possesses medicinal properties ; and a
kind of arrow-root has been made from the root. In damp
woods and copses, and in boggy ground ; common. Perennial.
June.
3. A. stemless; leaves hastate-cordate, acute; lobes virgmicum.
obtuse; spathe elongated, incurved ; spadix
above, with a long column of masculine flow-
ers.— IVilld. and Pers.
Calla Virginiana, Mich.
A plant not easily distinguished at a distance, from Sagitta-
182 MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA.
ria sagittifolia, and growing- with it in profusion. From one to
three feet high. Spathe long, green, and rigidly involute. Pe-
rennial. June.
ORDER VIII. MONADELPHIA.
368. PINUS. Gen. pi. 1451. (Conifer*.)
Masc. Calix 4-leaved. Corolla none. Sta-
mina many. Anthers naked. Fem. Calix
a strobilus or cone ; scales 2-flowered.
Corolla none. Pistil 1. JSTat alated. —
JVutt.
canadensis, 1. P. leaves solitary, flat, denticulated, somewhat
distichal ; cones ovate, terminal ; scarcely long-
er than the leaf. — Lambert, Monograph.
Not. P. Canadensis, Du Roi. harbk. 2. t. 124.
P. Americana, Du Roi. harbk. 2. p. 107.
Abies Canadensis, Mich. f.
Icon. Lambert, Monograph of the Pines, p. 50.
t. 32. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 137. t. 13.
Hemlock Spruce.
A very large and fine tree. The boards and scantling made
from its trunk are called hemlock timber. On the Wissahickon ;
abundant. On the Schuylkill, often met with. I2 . May.
nigra. 2. P. leaves solitary, four-angled, every where
scattered, erect, upright; cones ovate; scales
ellipitical; margin undulated, erose-denticu-
late. — Lambert
P. mariana, Du Roi. harbk. 2. p. 107.
P. denticulata, Mich. Fl. Amer.
Abies nigra, Mich. f.
Icon. Lambert, monograph, p. 41. t. 27.
MONOECIA, MONADELPH1A. 18;
Black Spruce. Double Spruce.
The extract of Spruce, is prepared from this tree. It is
much used, particularly m making- a common and wholesome
beverage, called spruce beer. On the Wissahickon ; not com-
mon. I2 • May.
3. P. leaves short, in pairs; cones recurved, ob-in°Ps-
long-conical, the length of the leaves ; aculese of
the scales subulate, upright. — Lambert.
P. Virginian a, Du Roi. harbk. 2. p. 35.
Icon. Lambert, monog. p. 18. t. 13. Mich. f.
Arbr. forest. 1. t. 4.
New Jersey Pine. Scrub Pine. Pitch Pine.
A low, straggling', and very common species, particularly in
Jersey. I2 • May.
4. P. leaves elongated, in pairs, and three's, slen- variabilis.
der and a little channelled ,* cones ovate-coni-
cal, nearly solitary ; aculese of the scales in-
curved.— Lambert.
P. niitis, Mich. f.
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 52. t. 3.
Yellow Pine.
■
A very useful species, affording the hardest and best wood
for floors, &c. In the pine woods of Jersey, and on the
Wissahickon. \ . May.
5. P. leaves in three's with short sheaths ; mascu- 1-isida'
line aments erect-incumbent: cones ovate,
scattered or aggregated ; spines of the scales
reflexed. — Lambert.
Icon. Lambert, monog. p. 25. t. 18, 19. Mich,
f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 89. t. 8.
Black or Pitch Pine.
A tolerably large tree. In pine woods, Jersey, and on the
Wissahickon. I2 . May.
184 MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA.
369. ACALYPHA. Gen. pi. 1461. (Euphori .)
Masc. Calix 3 or 4-parted. Corolla none.
Stamina 8 to 16. Fem. Styles 3, bifid.
Capsule 3-grained, 3-celled, 3-seeded. —
Nutt.
^virginica. 1. A. feminine flowers at the base of the masculine
spike ; involucres ovate, acuminate, dentated ;
leaves on short petioles; oblong-lanceolate,
remote, obtuse-serrated. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. phyt. t. 99. f. 4.
Virginian Three-seeded Mercury.
An ordinary looking plant, found abundantly in all cultivated
grounds, old fields, and on road-sides. Flowers inconspicuous.
Annual. June to September.
caroimiana. 2. A. feminine flowers at'thebase of the masculine
spike; involucres cor date-den tated : leaves on
long petioles, subrhomboid-ovate, serrated, very
entire at the base. — Willd. and Walt.
Carolinian Three-seeded Mercury.
This species resembles No. 1, so closely, that most students
would confound them with each other. The greater breadth
of the leaves and the much longer petioles in the present spe-
cies than in No. 1, will sufficiently discriminate them. Both
species are occasionally found with leaves of dingy crimson
colour. In similar places with No. 1 ; also common. Perennial.
July.
370. EUPHORBIA. Gen. pi. 823. (Euforbics.)
Involucrum caliciform, 8 to 10- toothed, ex-
terior alternate dentures glanduloid or pe-
taloid. Stamina indefinite/ 12 or more,
rarely less ; feminine flower central, naked,
solitary, stipitated. Styles 3, bifid.
MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA. 185
1. E. glabrous, very much branched, spreading- hypericin-*.
erect ; branches divaricating ; leaves opposite,
serrated, oval-oblong, sub-falcate; corymbs
terminal. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Cornm. prsel. 60. t. 10. Rob. ic. 11.
Sloan's Hist. Jam. 1. t. 126. (Pursh.)
St. John's-wort-leaved Spurge.
About a foot or fifteen inches high. Whole plant often
reddish, especially the leaves and their margins. Flowers
small. The foliage has somewhat the habit of' a Hypericum.
On the banks of the Delaware, Jersey side, three miles below
Kaighn's point, abundant. In cultivated and neglected fields,
common. Annual. July.
2. E. procumbent, adpressed j leaves small, op-macuiw*.
posite, unequal at base, oblong, hairy; flowers
axillary, solitary ; calicine appendices colour-
ed. B.
Icon. Jacq.Hort. vind. t. 186? (Pursh. } Pluk.
aim. t. 65. f. 8 ?
Spotted Spurge.
A procumbent hairy plant, with leaves rarely more than
three-eighth's of an inch long, and two eighth's broad, with a
brownish spot or two in the middle. The plant varies in size,
the stems being from two or three inches to fifteen long, and
very much branched. Involucres white. Flowers very small.
Y\ hole plant closely adpressed to the earth. It is often found
in the crevices of our pavements. This does not appear to me
to be the E. maculata of Willd. and it is not unlikely it is an
entirely distinct species ; common- Annual. All summer.
3. E. procumbent (or semi-erect,) glabrous ; leaves ipecacuanha.
o]t])osite, obroVate ei» lanceofcte? ot> Hnea^lan- \
ceolate ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered, very
long. B. J
Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. 1 18.
American Ipecacuanha, Ipecacuanha Spurge.
#c. $c.
A polymorphous plant both in the size and shape of the
leaves, and varying in their colour. They are small, large, ovate,
vot. ii. 17
186 MONOECIAj MONADELPHIA.
oval, oblong, lanceolate, and linear-lanceolate, in different situa-
tions, and vary in colour from apple-green to crimson. The
root is large and from two to six feet long. Possesses medi-
cinal virtues, being equal to Ipecacuanha as an emetic. (See
Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In the sandy fields of Jersey, opposite
Southwark and not far from the Delaware ; also in those several
miles below Kaighn's point, abundant. Perennial. April,
May, and often in June and July.
coroiiata. 4. E. umbel 5 to 3-cleft, dichotomous : involu-
cells and leaves oblong*, obtuse ; calicine appen-
dices petaloid, obovate. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 446. f. 3.
Corollated Spurge.
A fine species, from one to two and a half feet high, with
]arge or conspicuous white flowers. In Jersey, abundant, op-
posite Southwark. On the edges of fields between Mar-
ket-street bridge and Kingsess Gardens, and in similar places
elsewhere. The leaves vary in breadth. Perennial. July,
August.
5. E. umbel 4-cleft, dichotomous ; leaves oppo-
site, lanceolate, very entire.-
Icon. Blackw. t. 123.
Willd.
Mole-plant, Caper Spurge.
A hardy plant, not a native of this country, but in this neigh-
bourhood sometimes met with, in situations where it has the
appearance of growing wild. On the "Wissahickon, near the
paper mills. In Jersey, near Woodbury ; and near Frankford.
Biennial. July, August.
DIOECIA.
VALLISNERIA.
SALIX.
FRAXINUS.
NYSSA.
ACNIDA.
HUMULUS.
SMILAX.
DIOSCOREA.
GLEDITSCHIA.
POPULUS.
DIOSPYROS.
UDORA.
MENISPERMUM.
JUNIPERUS.
[ 188]
CLASS XX DIOECIA.
ORDER II. DIANDRIA.
Mitchell. Gen.pl. 1491. (Hydvocharides.)
Masc. Spatlie ovate, 2-parted. Spadix cov-
ered with minute flowers. Calix 3-parted.
Fem. Spathe hind, 1 -flowered. Calix 3-
parted, superior. Corolla of 3 petals.
Stigmas 3, ligulate, seuiibiiid. Capsule
valveless, 1 -celled, seeds numerous, parie-
tally attached. (Stamina 2 and 6.) — J\Tutt,
1. V. leaves linear and obtuse, equal from the
base, 3-nerved, margin minutely and acule-
ately serrulate; male peduncles very short, fe-
male ones spiral. — JYiitt.
American Vallisneiia. Tape-grass, Channel-weed,
Duck-grass,
A very singular and interesting- aquatic plant, hardly more,
as Pursh correctly remarks, than a local variety of V. spiralis.
The peduncles of the female flower are always, more or less
spiral, particularly in deep water. Leaves three or five feet
long, and equal in breadth all their length — little more than
a quarter of an inch broad. In the Schuylkill, Delaware, and
ditches below the Navy -yard, common and abundant. This
plant grows in great abundance in the Susquehanna, and con-
stitutes the principal food of the Anas Vallisneria of Wilson,
(Anas ferina) or canvass-back duck ; and it is said to give the
food of that fowl its peculiar delicate flavour. Loose leaves,
peduncles and flowers of this plant, are frequently found
floating on the Delaware near the shores and among boats.
Perennial. August.
372. SALIX. Gen. pi. 1493. (Amentacece.)
Masc. JLment cylindric. Calix consisting of
scales. Corolla none. Nectariferous glands.
DIOECIA, DIANDRIA. 189
at the base of the stamina. Stamina 1 to 6.
Fem. Flower as the male. Style bifid.
Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved. Seeds wool-
ly.—Naff.
f Leaves very entire or obscurely serrated.
1. S. leaves lanceolate-linear, very long, acuini- TiminaEa.
nated, very entire, somewhat undulated, with a
silvery silkenness beneath and scattered glands
towards the margin; stipules small ; aments ap-
pearing before the leaves ; scales nearly round,
very hairy; germs sessile, ovate; style filiform ;
stigmas acute, undivided. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Hoff. Salic. 1. t. 2. f. 1. and 2. t. 5. f.
2. t. 21. f. e. f. g.
Willow,
Introduced, but often found on the margins of our waters,
where it is naturalized. ^ . April.
f f Leaves remote and obtuse, serrated.
2. S. leaves oblong-lanceolate, remotely serrated, longirostis.
acute, glabrous above, flat and tomentose be-
neath; stipules lunate, subdentate; aments ap-
pearing before the leaves, diandrous ; scales lan-
ceolate, obtuse, villous; germs pedicellated, lan-
ceolate, silky ; style bifid ; stgimas bilobed. —
Willd. and Pursh.
S. longirostis, Mich.
S. huniilis, Marsh.?
S. conifera, Pursh.
Icon. Wangh. Am. t. 31. f. 72. (Pursh.)
Cone-hearing Willow.
On the edges of woods near the Chester-road, eight miles
below the city. )j . April.
3. S. leaves oblong, somewhat obtuse, glabrous, discolor.
17*
190 DIOECIA, DIANBRIA.
remotely-serrated, very entire at the apex, glaiir
cous beneath ; stipules deciduous, lanceolate,
serrated ; aments appearing nearly at the same
time with the leaves, diandrous, oblong, tomen-
tose; scales oblong, acute, with black hairs;
germs subsessile, lanceolate, tomentose ; style
of moderate size; stigmas biparted. — WilUL and
Fursh.
Icon. Muhl. in annals of Bot. 2. t. 5.
Red-rooted Willow,
In low swampy grounds, nine miles south-west of Philadel-
phia, not unfrequent. The twigs are tough and used for mak-
ing baskets. \i . April.
f ff Leaves thick and acute, serrated.
* Triandrous.
Viguia. 4. S. leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, base
subcordate, rigid, glabrous, narrowly serrated ;
serratures elongated below; petioles villous;
stipules large, cordate, obtuse, glandular-ser-
rated ; aments appearing with the leaves, sub-
S-androus; scales lanceolate, covered with black
wool ; germs on long pedicels, lanceolate,
smooth ; style very short ; stigmas biparted.—-
Willd. and Pursh.
S. cordata, Mich., not Muhl.
S. cordilblia, Herb. Banks, Mss. (Pursh.)
Stiff-leaved Willow.
In swampy hedges, on low grounds, two miles below Phila-
delphia, not far from the Chester road. Also used for making
baskets. >j • April.
* * Diandrous.
"petioiaris. 5. s. leaves lanceolate, every where serrated,
smooth, glaucous-silky beneath, generally un-
equal at the base ; stipules ternate, dentated,
small; aments appearing before the leaves;
DIOECIA, DIANDRIA. 191
loose ; scales obovate, obtuse, with black hairs ;
germs on long pedicels, ovate, silky ; stigmas ■
sessile, 2-lobed. — Willd, and Pursh,
5. Pennsylvania, Hortul.
Icon. Engl. Bot. 1147.
On the margins of the Delaware, Jersey side, fy . April.
6. S. leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, up- aiba.
per and under sides sericeous, the smaller ser-
ratures glandular,* stipules obsolete; aments
appearing with the leaves, elongated; scales
oval-lanceolate, of a uniform colour, pubescent;
germs sub-sessile, ovate-oblong, becoming final-
ly smoothish; style short; stigmas biparted,
thick. — WiihL and Pursh,
Icon. Hoff. Salic. 1. t. 7 8. and t. 24. f. 3.
(Pursh.)
White Willow.
A large tree, also introduced but completely naturalized. On
the shores of the Delaware, and other waters in the neighbour-
hood, and on road sides ; common. \ . April.
7. S. leaves lanceolate, acuminate, closely serrated, viteiijuia.
glabrous above, discoloured, and somewhat
silky beneath ; stipules none ; aments appearing
nearly at the same time with the leaves, cylin-
drical; scales ovate-lanceolate, of one colour,
pubescent without ; germs sessile, ovate-lanceo-
late, glabrous; stigmas sub-sessile, 2-lobed. —
Willd, and Pursh,
Icon. Hoff. Salic. 1. 1. 11 and 12, and t. 24. f.
1. (Pursh.) Engl. Bot. 1050.
Fellow Willow,
Common on road sides. \ • May.
373. FRAXINUS. Gen. pi. 1597. (Jasmine*.)
Calicc none, or 4- parted. Corolla none, or of
4 petals. Pistil 1. Samara l-seeded; the
wing lanceolate. — Nutt.
192
DIOECIA, PENTANDRIA.
sambucifoUa. |. F. folioles petiolated, oval, serrated, sessile ;
branches dotted. — Mich.f.
Black-ash. Elder-leaved Ash. Water-ash.
A large tree, not unfrequent in the neighbouring woods.
\ . April.
Americana. g. jr. petioles very entire, long, acuminated, pe-
tiolated, glaucous beneath. — Mich.f.
F. discolor, Muhl.
White Ash.
A large and useful tree. In our woods, common. \ . May.
tomentosa. 3. F. folioles about nine, dentated, petiolated;
branches and petioles pubescent-tomentose. —
Mich. f.
Red Ash. Jlsh.
The commonest species, well known by the name of Ash.
\. May.
ORDER V. PENTANDRIA.
aquatica.
374. NYSSA. Gen. pi. 1599. (Elceagni.)
Hermaphrodite. Calix 5-parted. Corolla,
none. Pistil 1. Drupe inferior. JSPut 1-
seeded. Masc. Stamina 5, 8, 10 and i%}
seated around a peltate gland. — JSTutt.
1. N. leaves ovate-oblong, very entire, acute at
each end, glabrous; feminine peduncles 2-flow-
ered ; berries short-ovate; nut obtuse-striate. —
Willd. and Fursh.
N. aquatica, L. and Mich. f.
N. integrifolia, Ait.
N. biflora, Mich, and Fursh.
DIOECIA, PENTANDRIA. 19<
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 22. Catesb. Car. 1.
t. 41.
Large Tupelo. Gum Tree. Sour Gum. Pepe-
ridge.
Berries bluish -black. In swampy woods, particularly in
Jersey. Rare. \i . April.
2. N. leaves oval, very entire ; petiole, middle s>lvatica<
nerve and margin, villous; feminine peduncles
long, generally 2-flowered; nut short, obovate,
obtuse, striated. — Jlich.f.
N. villosa, Mich.
N. montana, Hortul.
Gum. Black Gum. Sour Gum. Swamp Horn-beam.
A fine tree, with indigo-blue berries. On the Woodlands.
Jj . May.
375. ACNIDA. Gen. pi. 1521. (AtripUces.)
Masc. Calix 5-parted. Corolla none. Fem.
Calix 3-parted. Corolla none. Styles
none. Stigmas 3, sessile. Capsule 1-
seeded. — Nutt.
1. A. leaves lanceolate; capsules somewhat even, cannabis.
acute, angular. — Willd.
Smooth-fruited Jlcnida.
An ordinary looking plant, from a foot to eighteen inches
high. On the marshy shores of the Schuylkill and Delaware,
among the large autumnal plants ; very common. Annual.
July, August.
2. A. leaves oval -lanceolate; capsules obtuse, an rusocarpa.
gled, rugose. — Willd.
Icon. "Mich. fl. Am. 2. t. 50.
194 DIOECIA, HEXANDRIA.
Rough-fruited Jlcnida.
From three to four feet high, and robust, having the habit
of an Amaranthus. On the bank walk from Gray's ferry to
Kingsess gardens, and on that from the Navy-yard to Glou-
cester point. Scarce. Annual. July, August.
376. HUMULUS. Gen. pi. 1523. (Urticce.)
Masc. Calix 5-leaved. Corolla none. Fem.
Calix 1 -leaved, obliquely spreading, en-
tire. Corolla none. Styles 2. Seed 1, with-
in the leafy calix, (or strobilus.) — JSTutt.
Lapulus. 1. H.
Hop.
Common Hop, so useful in the brewing of malt liquor, is
unquestionably indiginous on the shores of the Schuylkill
and Delaware, in thickets, and in other places in the vicinity.
Perennial. August.
ORDER VI. HEXANDRIA.
377. SMILAX. Gen. pi. 1528. (Asparagi.)
Masc. Calix 6-leaved. Corolla none. An-
thers adnate to the filaments. Fem. Flow-
er similar to the male. Style minute. Stig-
mas 3. Berry 3-celled, superior; 1, 2, or
3-seeded.— Nutt.
rotuudifoiia. 1. S. somewhat prickly ; leaves rotund-ovate, acu-
minate, very even, cordate, 5-nerved; berries
spherical. — Willd. and Pursh,
Round-leaved Smilax. Green Briar.
Common in hedges and thickets. Leaves very large.
No. 2, and this species form impenetrable thickets in many
DIOECIA, HEXANDRIA. 195
places near Philadelphia. All the species are indiscriminately
called Brambles. Perennial. June.
2. S. prickly ; branches unarmed ; leaves coria- caduca.
ceous, elliptical or elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse,
recurved-acute, S-nerved ; umbels on very short
peduncles. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Catesby Car. 1. t. 15.
Deciduous Rough Bind-weed. Green Briar.
Climbing over bushes and shrubs in thickets — very com-
mon. Berries said to contain caoutchouc. Perennial. June.
3. S. stem terete, scandent ; leaves subrotund- peduncular;*.
ovate, cordate, acuminated, 9-nerved ; umbels
on very long peduncles. — Willd. and Pursh.
S. pulverulenta, Mich.
Long-peduncled Smilax.
This species resembles No. 4, so closely as to be easily con-
rounded with it. Peduncles longer. The flowers partake in
a slight degree of the stercoraceous odour of those of No. 4.
In the shady woods just above the falls of Schuylkill, net un-
frequent. Perennial. June.
4. S. stem angular, erect, simple; leaves on long hcrbacea. I
petioles, oval, 7-nerved ; umbels on very long
peduncles: peduncle compressed; berry depress-
ed-globular.— Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. alm.t. 225. f. 4.
Stinking Rough Bind-weed.
About two or four feet high. Flowers exhaling the smell
of carrion, which attracts the carrion-flies. On the borders of
fields and the edges of woods, above the falls of Schuylkill,
west side, and elsewhere. Perennial. June.
5. S. prickly; leaves unarmed, ovate-lanceolate, sarsapariiia.
cuspidate, sub-5-nerved, somewhat glaucous be-
neath; common peduncle longer than the pe-
tiole.— Willd. and Pursh.
S. glauca, Mich.
196 DIOECIA, HEXANDRIA.
Sarsaparilla.
A climbing plant, in all swampy hedges of the neighbour-
hood; common. Possesses medicinal virtues. Perennial. June.
378. DIOSCOREA. Gen. pi. 1530. (Jlsparagi.)
Masc. Calix 6-parted. Corolla none. Fem.
Flower as the male. Styles 3. Cajjsule 3-
celled, triangular, compressed ; cells 2-
seeded. Seeds niembranaceously margin-
ed.— Nutt.
giauca. i. D. leaves in four's, alternate, cordate, acumi-
nate, glabrous, 9-nerved. B.
D. glauca, Muhl.
D. quaternata, Walt ?
Smooth-leaved Fam-root.
A twining plant, found in thickets and hedges ; not very
common. Perennial. June.
uiiosa. 2. j). leaves alternate, opposite, and verticillated,
cordate, acuminated, pubescent beneath, 9-nerv-
ed : lateral nerves simple. — Willd. and Fursh.
D. quinata, Walt.
D. paniculata, Mich.
Icon. Jacq. ic. t. 626. (Pursh.) Pluk. aim. t.
575. f. 5.
Villous-leaved Yam-root.
In similar places, and sometimes in fields; common. Pe-
rennial. June.
379. GLEDITSCHIA. Gen. pi. 1526. (Leginninos-.e.)
Hermaph. Calix 6 to 8 parted, deciduous,
3 or 4 of the exterior segments smaller.
Corolla none. Stamina 5 or 6, rarely 8.
Legume flatly compressed, 1, or many-
seeded. Masc. Calix subturbinate, 5 to
DIOECIA, OCTANDRIA. 19r
8-parted, 3 to 5 of the segments interior.
Stamina 0 to 8, (rarely 5. ) Fem. — JYutt.
1. G. spines stout, cross-branched ; folioles linear- tmcamho*.
oblong ; legumens very long, compressed. —
JJ'illd, and Pursh.
G. meliloba, >Yalt.
G. spinosa, Marshall.
Icon. Duham, arb. 1. t. 195. (Pursb.) Micb.
f. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 164.
Sweet Locust, Honey Locust Three-thorned Locust,
A large and handsome tree, found abundantly along" roads
in the Neck and elsewhere, in the vicinity of this city, but al-
ways, perhaps, originally planted in such places. Jj . July.
ORDER VIII. OCTANDRIA.
380. POPULUS. Gen. pi. 1531. (Amentace*.)
Masc. wlment cylindric. — Calix consisting
of lacerated scales. Corolla turbinate, ob-
lique, and entire. Fem. Flower as in the
male. Stigma 4 or 6-lobed. Capsule 2 or
3-valved. Seeds beset with long wool. —
Nutt.
1. P. leaves subrotund-ovate, acute, unequally grar.diden-
scolloped, with large teeth, glabrous, the younger tala'
ones villous ; petioles compressed above. — Willd,
and Pursh,
P. Canadensis, Mich.
Large Aspen. Poplar
Occasionally met with in the neighbouring woods. I? . April.
VOL. II. 18
198 DIOECIA, OCTANDRIA.
381. DIOSPYROS. Gen. pi. 1598. (Guaiacannc.)
Masc. Calix 4 to 6 -cleft. Corolla urceolate,
4 to 6-cleft. Stamina 8 to 16 ; filaments
often producing % anthers. Fem. Flower
as the male. Stigmas 4 or 5. Berry 8 to
1 2- seeded . — Nutt.
Yirginiana. 1. D. leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous,
reticulate-veined; pelioles pubescent; buds gla-
brous.— Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Catesb. Car. 2. t. 76. Mich. f. Arbr.
forest. 12.
Persimon-tree.
The fruit when ripe and touched by the frost is quite
pleasant, but is very astringent and acerb, otherwise. On the
borders of woods and in fields. On the Delaware between
Kaighn's point and the next ferry below, near Woodbury ;
abundant. I2 • May.
382. UDORA. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 242,
(Chiagra.')
Spathe bifid. — Masc. Calix 3-parted. Co-
rolla of 3 petals. Stamina 9, 3 of them
interior. Fem. Calix 3-parted, tube very
long. Petals 3. Sterile filaments 3. Utri-
culus about 3-seeded. Seeds cylindric. —
Nutt.
canadensis, l. U. flowers triandrous, hermaphrodite; stigmas
ligulate, reflexed, bifid; leaves ternate, linear,
acute. — Pursh,
Udora Canadensis, Nutt.
Elodea Canadensis, Mich.
Serpicula verticillata, Muhl.
S. occidentalis, Pursh.
Hottonia serrata, Willd. Syn. 1. p. 171.
DIOECIA, MONADELPHIA. 190
— •
An aquatic plant, with very small deep-green leaves, and
small white flowers. Abundant in ditches, on the low over-
flowed banks of the Delaware, Schuylkill, and Wissahickon.
Perennial. July.
ORDER XL POLYANDRIA.
383. MEXISPERMUM. Gen. pi. 1544. (Menisperma.)
Masc. Calix subbibracteate, about 6-leaved,
caducous. Petals 6 to 9, glandular, mi-
nute and retuse. Stamina 16, or 18 to £4.
Anthers adnate to the filaments, 4-lobed,
2-celled. Fem. Flower as the male. Germs
and styles 3 to 6. Drupes mostly solita-
ry, 1 -seeded. JSTut lunate, compressed. —
Nutt.
1. M. leaves peltate, cordate, subrotund-angular; canademe.
racemes compound. — Willd. and Pursh.
Moonseed.
A climbing plant, with ordinary greenish -yellow flowers, and
black berries. Possesses medicinal virtues. On the bank walk
from Kaighn's point to the next ferry below, in thickets. On
the banks of the Schuylkill near Breck's island; rare. Peren-
nial. July.
ORDER XII. MONADELPHIA.
384. JUNIPERUS. Gen. pi. 1552. (Comfcrce.)
Masc. Ament ovate. Calix consisting of
scales. Stamina 3. Fem. Calix 3-part-
ed. Petals 3 ? Styles 3. Berry 1 or 2-
seeded, tubercular. Seeds nuciform. —
JVutt.
200 DIOECIA, MONADELPHIA.
communis, i. J. leaves in three's, spreading, mucronate, long-
er than the berry. — Willd.
Juniper -tree.
Common juniper grows abundant on the high banks of the
Wissahickon. ^ . May.
vhginiana. 2. J. leaves in three's, adnate at the base, the
younger ones imbricated, the old ones spread-
ing — Willd,
Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 3. p. 42. t. 5.
Red Cedar.
Red cedar also grows in profusion on the Wissahickon, and
elsewhere in the neighbourhood. \i . May.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
EQUISETUM.
LYCOPODIUM.
OPHIOGLOSSUM.
BOTRYCHIUM. -
OSMUNDA.
POLYPODIUM.
ASPIDIUM
ONOCLEA.
ASPLENIUM.
PTERIS.
WOODWARDIA.
ADIANTUM.
DICKSONIA.
ISOETES.
18*
[ 202 ]
CLASS XXL— CRYPTOGAMIA.
(FILICES.)
385. EQUISETUM. Gen. pi. 1614.
Floral receptacles peltate, many-angled, col-
lected into a spike. Indusium corniculate.
Stamina 4. Style none. Seed 1. — Nutt,
arrense.
1. E. barren stems simply branched: branches
somewhat rough, four-angled ; fructification
simple; sheaths cylindrical, incised-dentate;
teeth acute. — Willd.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 167. (Pursh.)
Field Horse-tail,
In wet fields near water courses; common. Perennial.
May.
svivaticum. o# j£# barren and fruit-bearing stems doubly-
branched ; branches roughish, deflexed, four-
angled; branchlets sub-triquetrous. — Willd,
enum. and Willd,
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 166. Fl. Dan. 1182.
Wood Horse-tail.
In sandy woods bordering the Delaware, several miles be-
low Kaighn's point ; rare. Perennial. April.
hyemaie. 3, E. stems simple, erect, very rough, bearing
spikes at the top; sheaths discoloured, base
and apex sphacelate; teeth aristated, entirely
caducous. — Willd,
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 172.
Bough Horse-tail, Scouring Rush. Scour-grass,
From two to three feet high. The cuticle of this species
contains sftfex. Hence it is used in polishing pewter and
*
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 20;
brass ware. On the sandy shores of the Delaware near thick-
ets, between Kaighn's point and the ferry ifflow. Not com-
mon. Perennial. July.
386. LYCOPODIUM. Gen. pi. 1615.
Capsules reniform, 1 -celled, 2-valved, many-
seeded. Seeds very minute, resembling
po vvder. — JYutt.
i . L. stem erect, branches alternate, dichotoinous ; compiana-
leaves 2-rowed, connate, spreading at the top, tum'
the superficial ones solitary and adpressed ; pe-
duncles quadrifid, (bur-spiked; spikes terete,
cylindrical. — Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 78. Dill. Muse. t. 59. f. 3.
Flat Club-moss.
In woods, especially in Jersey ; common. Perennial. July.
2. L. stem erect, branches alternate, crowded, dendroide
dichotomous, spreading; leaves scattered, six- U'
rowed, linear-lanceolate, spreading; spikes so-
litary, terminal and sessile. — Willd.
L. obscurum, Sp. PI. 1566.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 164. Dill. Muse. t. 64. f. 12.
Ground Pine.
Very common in shady woods, where it creeps and covers
a great space of ground. This and No. 1, are made into
festoons to ornament looking- glasses, pictures, &c. at Christ-
mas. Most frequent in Jersey. Perennial. July.
3. L. stem repent, branched ; branches subdivid- mpestre.
ed, adscendent; leaves sparse, imbricated, li-
near-lanceolate', ciliate, piliferous ; spikes soli-
tary, sessile and terminal. — Willd.
Icon. Schk.filic.t. 165. Dill. Muse. t. 63. f. 11.
Running Club-moss.
A small species, quite local in this neighbourhood, but
abundant where found. On the flat rocks near the Delaware,
between Gray's ferry and Kingsess-gardens. Perennial. July.
204 CRYPTOG A MIA, FILICES.
luc.dutam. 4. L# leaves ^-rowed, linear-lanceolate, denticu-
lated, acute, open-reflexed ; stem adscendent,
bifid.— mild.
L. reflexum, Schk.
Icon. Dill. Muse. t. 56. f. 2.
Shining Club-moss.
In low damp or wet places, near spring's in wet woods;
not uncommon. On the Wissahickon; abundant. Perennial.
July.
apodum. 5. L. leaves two-rowed, subrotund, ovate, acute,
flat, denticulate; stem branched, radicating at
the base; spikes terminal, sessile and solitary.
—wm.
Icon. Dill. Muse. t. 64. f. 3.
A small and pretty species, growing in damp shady woods.
Perennial. July.
6. L. stem repent, somewhat branched ; branches
% simple, elongated, adscendent, one-spiked at
top ; leaves linear-subulate ; base ciliate, den-
tate, spreading; spike sessile, leafy. — Willd
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 160. Dill. Muse. t. 62. f. 6.
alopecu-
roides.
Walking Fern.
In boggy grounds, common. Perennial.
July.
vulgatum.
387. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Gen. pi. 1621.
Capsules naked, 1 -celled, connate in an arti-
culated distichal spike, S-valved, opening
transversely. — JSTutt.
1. O. spike cauline; frond ovate, obtuse; nar-
rowly reticulated. — Willd.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 153. Fl. Dan. 147.
Common Adder* s-tongue.
A singular and very rare species. I have only found it in the
small woods immediately north of Powelton, and borderingthe
east edge of Mantua-road. Scarce there. Perennial. June.
388. BOTRYCHIUM. Swartz, Synop. Filic. 8.
Capsules subglobose adnate to the rachis of
LRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 205
the compound raceme, separatepnaked, 1-
celled, valves 2, connected benind, open-
ing transversely. — J\Tutt.
1. B. scape below with one frond; frond sub-bi- obiiquum. ^
ternate ; foliol^s oblong-lanceolate, serrulate,
dilated at the base, unequally cordate : spikes
bipinnate. — Willd.
Near a swamp on Cooper's creek, not far from the Bridge.
Perennial. July.
2. B. scape below with one frond ; frond three- dissecmm.
parted-bipinnatifid ; segments linear, 2-cleft;
2-toothed at the apex. — Willd.
Icon. Schk. fdic. t. 158. Pluk. amalth. t. 427.
f. 5.
On the edges of woods, on the Schuylkill and Wissahickon ;
and on the Botannic-garden ground of the University of Penn- J
sylvania. Perennial. June.
3. B. hirsute; scape in the middle of the frond ; virginicum.
frond subternate, 3 parted, bi-pinnatifid ; folio-
les incised-pinnatifid; segments obtuse, sub-tri-
dentate; spikes bi-pinnate, divaricate. — Willd.
and Pursh.
Botrypus Virginicus, Mich.
Osmunda Yirginica, Sp. PI. 15T9.
O. multifida, Gmel.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 156.
Rattlesnake Fern.
A large and very elegant species, very common in all our
fertile woods, delighting in shade and moisture. I have twice
received this plant from Kentucky, with an assurance that it
was an Indian remedy for the bite of the rattlesnake ; hence
the name above, and not as Pursh supposes, because the plant
grows near the haunts of that reptile. The roots and stems
taste like Ginseng, and the hot infusion of the whole plant is
an agreeable-flavoured tea. Perennial. June.
206 CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
38^ OSMUNDA. Gen. pi. 1622.
Capsules suoglobose, pedicellate, striate, se-
mi-bivalvular and paniculated. Indusium
none. — JSTutt.
rinnamomea. l. O. sterile frond pinnate .; pinnee pinnatifid ; seg-
ments ovate-oblong, obtuse, very entire; stipe
woolly, the fructifications bipinnate, woolly. —
Willd.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 146.
Cinnamon Fern. Tall Osmunda.
A large fern, with long ferruginous fructificatory spikes.
In all low meadows, bogs, and in the borders of streams and
ditches. Common. Perennial. June.
interrupts 2. O. fronds pinnate, glabrous; pinnse opposite,
pinnatifid ; segments oblong, acute, very entire;
\, pinnae somewhat intervening between the fruc-
tification.— Willd.
O. basilaris, Sprengel. Anlitung. 3. p. 160.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 144.
Interrupted Osmunda.
Same size as the preceding, and found in similar places, and
in woods. Easily known by the interrupted spikes of fructifi-
cation. Common. Perennial. June, July.
spectabiiis, 3. O. frond bi-pinnate ; pinnulse oblong, somewhat
obtuse, narrowly serrulate, truncate, and une-
qual at the base, all alternate ; panicle bipin-
nate, bearing fruit at the top of the frond. —
Willd. and Mich.
0. regalis, /3, Sp. PI. 1521.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 184. f. 4.
Rotjal Osmunda. Flowering Fern.
Grows always in bogs, swamps and meadows. A very ele-
gant fern, with brownish fruit proceeding from the top of the
frond. Common. Perennial. Julv.
CRYPT0GAM1A, FlLft^f.* 207
390. POLYPODIUM. Swartz, Synopl
Sori (or small clusters of capsu(^oimdisli,
scattered. Indusium noue. — JWtt.
1. P. frond deeply pinnatifid; segments linear-Ian- vuigare.
ceolate, obtuse, crenulate, near together, upper
ones gradually smaller; sorse solitary; caudex
j>aleaceuus. — WilUL
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 11.
Common Polypody.
On rocks in the neighbourhood, and in woods; common.
Perennial. July.
2. P. fronds deeply pinnatifid ; segments lanceo- rugfeiec
late, obtuse, very entire, near together, upper
ones gradually smaller; sorse solitary \ ; caudex
naked. — Willd.
Icon. Petiv. filic. t. 7. f. 9. Plum. Amer. t.
36. filic. t. 77. (Pursh.)
Virginia Polypody.
Resembles the preceding very much, and grows with it. It
is perhaps no more than a variety. Perennial. July.
4
P. fronds bipinnate, somewhat smooth ; pinna? iiexagonopu-
t\v<>, deflexed below; segments lanceolate, ob-rum"
tuse, ciliated — of the lower pinnae incised-cre-
nate, of the upper very entire, lower ones ad-
nate-decurrent ; sorse minute, solitary. — Willd,
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 284. f. 2. Schk. filic. t.
20. b.
In damp shady woods, among other ferns ; rare. Perennial.
July.
20S % OMPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
ID1UM. Swartz, Synop. filic. 3.
Nephrodium, Mich.
Sori roundish, scattered. Indusium umbili-
cate or opening on one side. — JWtt.
acrostichoi- i. A. fronds pinnate ; pinnse lanceolate, falcafip,
acute, ciliate-serrated ; upper base mucronate-
auriculated, lower fructificant and smaller;
stipe and rachis paleaceous ; sorse solitary, at
length, confluent. — Willd.
A. auriculatum, Schk.
Nephrodium acrostichoides, Mich.
Terminal Shield Fern.
On the rocks in the vicinity of our waters, common ; also in
woods. Perennial. June.
mat*'n*ie. £# a. fronds bi-pitniate ; pinnulse oblong, obtuse,
decurrent, crenate, the folds deepest at the hase :
sora3 marginal ; stipe paleaceous. — Willd.
Polypodium marginale, Sp. PI. 1522.
Nephrodium marginale, Mich.
Icon. Schk. fdic. t. 45. b.
Marginal Shield-fern.
In shady woods, particularly on rocks. Perennial. July.
intermedium. 3. a. fronds bi-pjnnate ; pinnulse linear, pinnati-
fid-incised; segments sub-mucronate, serrated
at the apex; stipe paleaceous. — Willd.
Large Shield-fern.
A large and well-marked ^species. In the woods of Jersey,
among other ferns — more rare west of the Delaware. Peren-
nial. July.
novebora- 4. A. fronds pinnate; pinnse linear-lanceolate,
pinnatifid ; segments oblong, somewhat obtuse,
nearly entire, ciliated ; sorse marginal ; stipe
even. — Willd. and Pursh.
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 209
A. thelypteroides, Swartz.
Nepbrodium thelypteroides, Mich.
Polypodium noveboracense, Sp. PL 1552.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 46.
New Fork Shield-fern.
On the Wissahickon and Schuylkill. Not common. Peren-
nial. July.
5. A. fronds bi-pinnatc ; pinmilre linear-lanceo- nspienoides.
late, incised, and serrated ; serratures 2 or 3-
toothed, terminal, more acute; sori oblong,
lunate. — Jf'illd.
Nepbrodium asplenoides, Mich.
Polypodium Pennsylvania, Muhl. in Litt.
Asplenium Athyrium, Sprengel, Anleitung, 3. p.
113.
Icon. Schuk. filic. t. 78.
Dark or Spleen-wort Shield-fern.
In similar places with the preceding1 species. Not uncom-
mon. Perennial. July.
5. A. fronds bi-pinnate, oblong-lanceolate; pin- buibiferum.
nulse opposite, oblong, obtuse, serrated, lower
ones pinnatifid ; rachis bulbiferous; sori sub-
rotund. — WMd.
Fob podium buibiferum, Sp. PL 1553.
.Nephrodium buibiferum, Mich.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 57.
Bulb-bearing Spleen-wort.
Varies in size very much. In shady woods, particularly on
rocks. Rare. Perennial. July.
392. ONOCLEA. Willd. in Mag. Ges. naturf. fr. z. berol. 1809.
p. 160.
Capsules densely covering the back of the
19
210
sensibilis,
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
frond. Indusia squamiform, connate in the
form of berries and not expanded. — Nutt.
1 . O. barren frond pinnate ; pinnse lanceolate, acute,
incised, dentate, upper ones co-adunate, the
fruit-bearing ones bi-pinnate; pinnulse recurved,
globular, glabrous ; rachis glabrous. — Willd.
Icon. Scbk. filic. t 102. Pluk. Mant. t. 404.
f. 2.
rhizophyl*
I tun.
Sensitive Fern.
In meadows, the borders of fields, open woods, and thick-
ets ; very common. Slightly sensitive. Perennial. July.
393. ASPLENIUM. Swartz. Synop. filic. p. 4.
Sori linear, transversal, scattered. Indusia
arising from the lateral veins, and open-
ing towards the rib. — JVutt.
1. A. fronds lanceolate, stipitate, sub-crenate;
base auriculate-cordate, top very long, linear-
filiform, radicant. — Willd.
Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 105. f. 3.
Leaf-rooting Spleen-wort.
A singular species, rooting at the elongated ends of the leaf.
On the rocks of the Wissahickon and Schuylkill. Perennial.
July.
gpinnatifi. fronds lanceolate, stipitate, pinnatifid, point at-
'dum. tenuated, roundish, ovate. B.
A very distinct variety, but not, I think, a species, for I have
found pinnatifid and lanceolate leaves together on No. 1. yg. I
have only found on the rocks close to the Schuylkill, east
Side, a mile south of the falls. July.
ebenum.
2. A. fronds pinnate, pinnse sessile, lanceolate,
serrulate, cordate at the base, auriculated above.
—Willd.
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 211
A. polypodoides, Svvartz.
A. tricliomanoidcs, Mich.
Acrostichum platy neuron, Sp. PI. 1527, excluding
the synonym.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 73. Pluk. aim. t. 287. f.
2. et t. 89. t 8.
Ebony Sjjleen-wort.
A beautiful species, from six to twelve inches high, stem
deep shining black. On the rocks bordering the Schuylkill,
in rich shady woods, and on the grassy borders of copses ;
common. Perennial. July.
3. A. fronds pinnate ; pinnae subrotund, obtuse, meianocau
crenate, cuneate attne base $ otipo aioooio«noj. lon*
—WiMd. enum.
A. trichomanes, Mich.
A small and beautiful species, with a very polished black
stem. With No. 2, common. Perennial. July.
4. A. fronds bi-pinnate at the base, simply pin- Ruta .
nate at the top ; pinnulse rhomboid-oblong, ob-
tuse; apex obtuse, denticulate. — TVilld.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 80. b. FL Dan. 190.
A very small species, from one to three inches high. Ex-
ceedingly rare, and scarce when found. In the crevices of
the highest rocks on the Wissahickon. Perennial. July.
394 PTERIS. Gen. pi. 1626.
Sori continuous, linear, marginal. Indusium
from the inflected margin of the frond,
opening inwards. — JWtt.
1. P. frond pinnate, three-parted, barren ,• branch- aquiiina.
cs bi-pinnate; pinnae linear-lanceolate, obtuse,
pinnatitid-dentate; fructiticatory ones pinnate,*
212 CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
pinnulse pinnatifid; segments somewhat acute,
all ciliated. — WiUd. and Pursh.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 95, 96. b.
Common Brake.
A large and handsome fern. Baron Humboldt says the in-
habitants of Parma and Gomera make a kind of bread of the
roots, which are large. On the edges of fields, in woods, and on
dry soils, very common and abundant, especially in Jersey.
Perennial. August.
395. WOODWARDIA. Smith, act. taur. 5. p. 411. t. 9. f. 5.
Sori oblong, distinct, straight, parallel with
the libs of the frond on either side. Indu-
sia superficial, arched, opening inwards*
— JVUfc
onoc'.eoidts. l. W. barren fronds pinnatifid ; segments lanceo-
late, repand, very slenderly serrulate, fruit-
bearing ones pinnate ; pinnae linear, very entire,
acute.— WiUd.
W. angustifolia, Smith, act. taur.
W. floridana, Schk.
Onoclea nodulosa, Mich, and Swartz.
Acrostichum areolatum, Sp. PI. 1526.
Osmunda Caroliniana, Walt.
Icon. Schk. filic. p. 103. t. 111.
Grows in swamps, Jersey; not uncommon. Perennial.
396. ADIANTUM. Gen. pi. 1633.
Sori oblong or roundish. Indusia membra-
naceous, arising from the margin of the
frond and opening inwards. — Nutt.
pedftnm. l. A. frond pedate, branches pinnate ; pinnae di-
mediate, oblong, lineate, upper margin incised;
sterile segments dentated ; fertile ones very en-
tire; sori linear ; stipe glabrous TFilld.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 115. Pluk. aim. t. 124. f. 2.
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 213
Maiden-hair. Mow-liair.
With the exception^of Botrychium Virginicum, this is the
most elegant fern in our neighbourhood. From one to two
feet high. Stem dark, smooth, and shining. In rich shady
woods; very common. Possesses medicinal virtues? Peren-
nial. July.
397. DICKSONIA. L'Herit. sert. angl. 30.
Sori punctiform, marginal, subrotund, dis-
tinct. Indusium double, alternate, superfi-
cial, exterior gaping, the other marginal
gaping within. — -JSTutt.
1. D. fronds bi-pinnate; pinnulae oblong-lanceo- piiosimcuia.
late, pinnatifid, upper margin of the segments
incised-dentate; rachis somewhat hairy. — Willd.
D. pubescens, Schk.
Polypodium pilosiusculum, Muhl. in litt.
Hairy IHcksonia. Small-fruited Dicksonia.
From twelve to fifteen inches high. In shady woods, and
particularly on rocks; common. Perennial. July.
398. ISOETES. Gen. pi. 1620.
Capsule membranaceous, not gaping ; frond
immersed at the base, 1-locular. Seed an-
gular, inserted into the numerous filiform
receptacles. — JSTutt.
1. 1, frond subulate, semi-terete. — Willd. lacmtris.
Icon. Schk. filic. t. 173. Fl. Dan. 191. Dill,
mus. t. 80. f. 1.
From one to two inches high. In a boggy wood south of
Laundreth's Gardens, and on the overflowed shores of the
Delaware, above Kensington ; very abundant. Perennial. July.
19*
[" 214 J
ADDENDA.
TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA.
To genus Aristida, No. 50. p. 53. vol. 1, add the
following species :
No. 2. Aristida stricta; stems and leaves very
upright; raceme long; spike contracted; awns
longer than the glume; leaves convolute, fili-
form, smooth. — Mich.
Perennial. June. Within the limits of this work; Mr. Collins.
No. 3. Aristida oligantha; culm upright, very
much branched ; leaves convolute-filiform ; flow-
ers distant, solitary ; awn long-divaricating. —
Mich.
A. adscendscionis, Walt.
Perennial. June. Also within the limits of this work. B.
TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
To the genus Plantago,No. 80. vol. 1. p. 88, add
the following species :
4. Plantago hybrida; leaves subulate-linear, entire,
rigidly acute, shorter than the scape, not wool-
ly at the base; scape terete, slender, slightly
pubescent; spike long and slender, cylindrical,
rather loose; spikelets below, remote; bractes
acute. B.
Plantago maritima, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.
Root annual. Plant from two to three inches high, leaves
very numerous, about one inch long in mature specimens, often
not exceeding1 half an inch, destitute of any thing like wooli-
Jiess at the base. Scape slender, longer than the leaves, round
and slightly pubescent under a lens. Spike cylindrical, not ex-
ceeding one-eighth of an inch in diameter, from half an inch to
two inches long, and of a green and sienna colour, not deep
brown or blackish, as in the European and American speci-
mens of P. maritima. Scapes nearly as numerous as the leaves.
This species, which is decidedly distinct from the P. maritima,
I found four years ago, in the exsiccated canal on the road to
Lemon-hill, close to the high gravel banks. I there found it
two years in succession, and on transplanting it into my gar-
ADDENDA. 215
den it produced seeds which came up the succeeding- spring.
The mature specimens preserved the characters of the plant
as given above. I have before me a specimen of Plantago ma-
ritima, collected in Scotland by Dr. Edward Barton, and a
specimen of the same species collected in New England,
which I received from Mr. R. Griffiths, jr. These two plants
differ from each other some little, but as the P. maritina is said
to be a polymorphous species, the discrepancy is not of much
account. But from both the plant I have called hybrida above,
is strikingly and specifically distinct. Mr. Collins informs me
he has found specimens of the hybrida, in the same locality I
have identified above. Flowers in April, May.
PENTANDRIA.
To Menyanlhcs trifoliata, 104. vol. 1, add the fol-
lowing locality :
In a bog half a mile south-east of Kaighn's point, Jersey ;
abundant. Perennial.
To viola concolor, p. 125. vol. 1, add the following
synonyms :
Viola stricta.
Ionia stricta, Persoon.
To Triosteum perfoliatnm, p. 115. vol. 1, add the
following additional locality :
" On the bank walk from Kaighn's point to the ferry below,,
and in a field near it; tolerably abundant." I have there
found it this month; June, 1818.
To Vitis, p. 116. vol. 1, add No. 5. Vitis Blandi.
Elands' Grape.
In Jersey, near the city; Mr. Collins.
OCTANDRIA, DIGYNIA.
To genus Acer, No. 189. p. 184. vol. 1, add the
following species :
No. 4. Acer saccharinuni ; leaves paImate-5
lobed, subcordate at the base, acuminate, sinu-
216 ADDENDA.
ate-dentate, glaucous beneath; peduncles co-
rymbose, nutant. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Mich. f. Arb. forest, vol. 1.
Sugar Maple.
\l . April, May. In the woods above the falls of Schuylkill,
west side.
Page 186. vol. 1, before the synonyms of Polygo-
num linifolium, add:
Polygonum linifolium, Muhl.
ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA.
Rubus page 233. vol. 1. No. 6. Rubus flagel-
lars, add the following additional locality :
In Jersey between Kaighn's point and the ferry below;
abundant. June, 1818.
POLYANDRIA.
To Caltha palustris, p. 22. vol. 2, add the follow-
ing additional locality :
On Cooper's creek and elsewhere common ; Mr. Collins.
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
To genus Mentha, No. 265. vol. 2. p. 30, add
the following species :
No. 2. Mentha gracilis ; erect, somewhat smooth ;
leaves lanceolate, ovate, subsessile; spike slen-
der; whorls very small, interrupted; stamens
not exserted. — Mich, and Pursh.
M. gracilis.
M. tenuis, Pursh.
M. viridis, Walt.
In wet places, and near springs and rivulets ; Mr. Collins.
ADDENDA. 217
To genus Scutellaria, No. 278. page 38. vol.
2, arid the following species :
No. 6. Scutellaria parviflora.
N. B. Before the genus Phryma9\o\. 2. p. 40.
insert
ORDER II. ANGIOSPERMIA.
DIDYNAMIA, ANGIOSPERMIA.
399. BUCHNERA. Gen. pi. 1035.
Calix 5-toothed. Tube of the corolla slender,
border 5-cleft, nearly equal; lobes cordate.
Capsule 2-celled. — Nutt.
1. B. stem simple; leaves lanceolate, subdentate, Americana.
rough, three-nerved; spikes remote-flowered.—-
Willd. and Pursh.
This plant dries quite black. I have found it very common
and abundant in Maryland, along the edges of dry sandy
woods ; but have never met with it in this neighbourhood. In
sandy grounds, Jersey; Mr. Collins.
400. SCHWALBEA. Gen.pl. 1001.
Calix ventricose, tubular, obliquely 4<-cleft;
upper segment shortest, the lower large
and emarginate or bidentate. Corolla bila-
biate, upper lip entire, arched, the lower
3-lobed. Capsule ovate-subterete, 2-ceiied,
2-valved; dissepiment produced by the in-
ilected margin of the valves, and parallel
218 ADDENDA.
with the longitudinal receptacle. Seeds
numerous, imbricated, linear and alated.
—Nutt.
Americana. i. S. simple, pubescent; leaves lanceolate; raceme
terminal; flowers alternate. — Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Lam. Illustr. 520. Pluk. Mant. t. 348.
f. 2.
In Jersey, within ten miles of this city; Mr. Collins.
To the genus Orobanche, No. 293. vol. 2. p. 49,
add the following species, which is not an un-
common plant in our neighbourhood, but has
been inadvertently left out in my manuscript.
No. 2. Orobanche uniflora: scape naked, one-
flowered; calix without bractes; corolla recurv-
ed.— Willd. and Pursh.
Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 348. f. 3.
Outflow ertd Orobanche.
A very singular and handsome parasitic plant, growing in
bunches of several stems together. Whole plant of a snow
white hue, and resembles an artificial wax flower. In fertile
woods. Perennial. June, July.
TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQULOSA.
The following common plaint has been inadver-
tently omitted in it^f proper place :
401. Cardaniine Pennsylvania; glabrous, bran-
ched ; leaves pinnate ; folioles nearly roundish,
oblong, obtuse, angular-dentate; siliques nar-
row, erect. — Willd. and Pursh.
ADDENDA. 219
Pennsylvania Water Cress.
From six inches to a foot high. Flowers white, small.
Whole plant peperish. In low meadow-grounds, and near
rivulets and springs; common. Perennial. May.
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
To genus Lathyrus, No. 314. vol. 2. page 72$
add the following species :
No. 2. Lathyrus venosus; stem naked, four-an-
gled; stipules semi-sagittate, ovate, acuminate;
folioles very numerous, nearly alternate, ovate,
obtuse, mucronate, veined; peduncles shorter
than the leaf, 5-10 flowered. — Willd. sindPursh.
Flowers purple. Perennial. July. Within the limits of this
work; Mr. Collins.
To Andromeda paniculate add the following
synonym :
Andromeda ligustrina, Muhl. Cat. 2d ed.
Yaccinium ligustrinum, L.
SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS.
To genus Cnicus, No. 306. p. 94. vol. 2, add the
following species :
5. Cnicus arvensis ; leaves sessile, pinnatifid, some-
what smooth, ciliate, very spinous ; stem panicu-
late; calices ovate, mucronate; scales broad-
lanceolate, ad pressed, woolly on the margin. —
Pursh.
Carduus arvensis, Smith.
220 ADDENDA.
Serratula arvensis, Willd.
Icon. Fl. Dan. 644. Engl. Bot. 975.
Canada Thistle,
Flowers purple, smaller than those of Nos. 1, 2, 3 or 4. Since
printing1 the foregoing pages I have been directed for this
plant by Mr. Collins to the neighbourhood of the forge at the
corner of Vine-street and the Ridge-road, where I found it
abundant. Mr. C. has found it elsewhere. Perennial. July.
GYNANDRIA.
To Cypripedium humile, page 145. vol. 2, add to
the English name, « Noah's Ark?
The following plants, I am informed by Mr. Col-
lins, have been found in this neighbourhood:
viz.
Aster rigidius.
Agrostis sobolifera, (flat rock-bridge, Schuylkill.)
Chara glabra.
Chara foliosa.
Erigeron strigosum.
*^No. 402. Elephantophus Carolinianus.
v Rudbeckia fulgida.
No. 403. Scleria paucifolia.
Scleria triglomerata.
V No. 404. Uniola gracilis, (Jersey.)
No. 405. Viscum purpureum, Muhl.
X. B. Cvperus minimus, for which I quoted Dr. Clever, on
the authority of Mr. Nuttall, has not, the Doctor informs me,
been found by him within the limits of this book.
Rhododendron maximum, or Great Mountain Laurel, I have
found in the woods near Gray's ferry, where it appears to be
wild. July, 1818.
INDEX TO THE GENERA.
A.
B.
Aclxa
9
Brasenia
.
.
26
Aquilegia -
12
Brachystemum
-
JO, oo>
. let <ea
13
Bignonia
-
-
43
Ascyrum
13
Barb are a
-
54
Anona
18
Bicucullata
.
.
68
Anemone -
19
Buphthalmwn
-
127
Anemone
23
Bidens
.
-
130
Antirrhinum
43
Betula
.
160,
159
Arabis
56
Boehmeria
.
_
160
. Irachis
75
Betula
.
174
JKschynomene
80
Botrychium
-
-
204
Apios
82
Botrypus
-
204
Arctium
94
Bucknera (addenda)
Anonymos -
96
C.
Jlsreratum
100
Cistus r
.
7
Aster
107
Chelidonium
.
.
8
Aster
109
Castalia
.
12
Anthemis -
126
Cimicifuga
.
.
12
Achillea
127
Clematis
.
19
Actinomeris
132
Caltha
_
_
22
Ambrosia
1 o.->
loo
Cyamus
.
26
Arethusa -
141
Clinopodium
-
-
34
Arethusa
144
Cli nop odium
.
36
Aristolochia
145
Chelone
.
.
47
Asarum
146
Chelone
.
48
Alnus
159
Cardamine
.
.
57
Amaranthus
162
Cardamine (addenda"
Alisma
166
Corydalis
.
.
68
Arum
180
Crotalaria -
.
71
Abies
182
Clitoria
.
.
83
Acalypha
184
Cichorium -
.
88
Acnida
193
Cnicus
.
.
94
Aspidium
208
Carduus
.
95, 94
Asplenium
210
Cirsium
.
.
95
Adiantum
212
Chrysochoma
_
96
Aristida (addenda)
Critonia
-
.
97
Agrostis (do.)
Cacalia
-
102
Acer (do.)
Conyza
.
109,
108
Arundo (do.)
Chrysocoma
.
122
Andromeda (do.)
Chry santh emum
-
126
Anthopogon (do.)
Coreopsis
-
133
,131
N. B. The wonls of the Index in Italics are synonymous genera, and areonfy
to be found under other generic terms.
Adj.. I1-,
20
£22
INDEX TO THE GENERA.
Coreopsis - - 132
Calopogon - 141
Cymbidium - 144,143,141
Corallorhiza - 143
Cypripedium - - 144
Chara - - 148
Carex - - 150
Comptonia - 158
Corylus - - 173
Castanea - - 174
Carpinus - 176
Carya - - 178
Calla - - 181
Cypripedium (addenda)
Caltha (do.) -
Cardamine (do.)
Cnicus (do.) -
D.
Draba - - 52
Dentaria - 53
Diclytra - - 68
Bolychos - - 83,81
Dalea - - 97
Dioscorea - - 196
Diospyros - 198
Dicksonia - - 213
E.
Elodea - - 17
Euchroma - 48
Epifagus - - 50
Erysimum - 54
Erysimum - - 55
Ervwn - - 83
Eupalorium - 102, 97
Eupatorium - 98
Erigeron 106 and addenda
Epidendrwn - - 142
Euphorbia - 184
Elodea - - 198
Equisetum - 202
Elephantopus (addenda)
F.
Fnmaria
Filago
Fagus
Fraxinus
Glechoma
Gerardia
Geranium
Glycine
69, 68
105
173
191
44
63
82, 81
Glycine
Galactia
Galega
Gnaphalium
Goodyera
Gleditschia
H.
Helianthemum
Hypericum
Hypericum
Hydrastis
Hepatica
Hydropeltis
Hyssopus
Hibiscus
Hedysarvm
Hedysarum
Hieracium
Hyoseris
Heliopois
HeUiintkus
Helenium
Helianthus
Habenaria
Humulus
Hottonia
1
Inula
Isoetes
Juglans
Juglans
Juniperus
K.
Krigia
Kuhnia
Liriodendron
Lamium
Leonurus
Limosella
Lepidium
Lobelia
Lupinus
Lathy rus
Lespedeza
Le onto don -
Lactuca
Lactuca
Liatris
Limodorum ~
Listeria
82
83
85
103
- 138
196
6
14
- 17
22
- 23
26
31
65
80, 77, 76, 75
78
92
93
127
- 127
128
- 128
- 137, 136
- 194
198
108
213
177
178, 179, 180
199
93
96
18
32
33
42
52
60
71
72 and addenda
75 and addenda
88
90
91
96
141, 139
139
IXDEX TO THE GENERA.
22i
Ijiquidambar - 159
Liquidambar - 177
Lycopodium - 203
Latbyrus (addenda)
Lespedeza (do.)
If.
Mknandra - 7
Magnolia - 17
Mentba - - 30
Marrubium - 34
Melissa - - 37
Mimulus - 47
Melampyrum 49
Malva - 65
.Medicago - - 75
Mikania - 102
Malaria - - 142
Moms - 162
Myriophyllum - - 164
Menispermum - 199
Menyanthes (addenda)
Mentba (do.)
N.
Nuphar - 10
Nymphaea - 11
JVymphcea - - 27, 11
A'elumbium - 27
Nelumbo - - 27
Nepeta - 31
Neottia - - 138
Neottia - 139
Nyssa - - 192
JYephrodiwn - 208
O.
Orehidocarpum - 18
Origanum - 36, 35, 34
Origanum - 36
Orobancbe 49 and addenda
Orcbis - 136
Ophrys - 142, 141, 139
Orchis
Oplnoglossum
Osmwida
Osmunda
Onoclea
Portulaca
Podophyllum
Porcelia
JP op id ago
P.
139
204
205
206
209
7
9
18
22
Polichia
.
- 32
Pycnanthemum
34
Prunella
.
. 37
Pbryma
-
40
Pedicularis
.
46
Penstemon
.
48
Polygala
-
69
Pbaseolus
.
81
Prenanthes
.
S9
Pogonia
>
140
Parshia
.
- 165
Plata nus
.
176
Pinus
.
- 182
Populus
-
197
Polypodium
.
- 207
Polypoctium
-
208
Pteris
.
- 211
Plantago (addenda)
Polygonum
Q.
Quercus
R.
. 167
Ranunculus
.
23
Rhinanthus
.
45
Rapuntium
-
60
Robinia
.
84
Rudbechia
-
127
Rudbeckia 130 and addenda
Rubus (addenda)
S.
Sanguinaria 8
Sarrasinia - 10
Stachys - - 32
Satureja - 35
Scutellaria 38 and addenda
Scrophularia - 43
Sisymbrium - - 55
Sida - 64
Stylosanthes - -75
Sonchus - 91
Seratula - 97, 96, 95
Suprago - 96
Solidago - 118
Senecio - 125
Silphium - - 127
Satyrium - 139, 138
Sparganium - - 149
Sagittaria - 165
Saiix - - 188
Smilax - 194
224
INDEX TO THE GENERA.
Serpicula
198
¥.
Scutellaria (addenda)
Urtica ,
.
160
Schualbea (do.)
Urtica
_
160
Scleria- (do.)
Udora
_
190
T.
Uniola (addenda)
Tilia
6
V.
Thalictrum
19
Verbena
m
40
Thalictrum -
20
Vicia
m
72
Teucrium
30
Vernonia
- -
96
Thymus
35
Verbesina
m
132
Trichostema
39
Vallisneria
m
188
Thlaspi
53
Viola (addenda)
Turritis
Trifolium
57
73
Vitis (addenda)
Trifolium
75
Wanv&ra
m
22
Tephrosia
84
Woodwardia
m
212
Tragopogon
94
X^"
Troximon
94
X.
Tanacetum
103
Xanthium
-
134
Typha
148
z.
Triosteum (addenda)
Zizania
- 163
INDEX
TO THE
ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES.
American Columbine - 12
American Poplar - 18
Anemone, wild - 20
Anemone, Virginian - 20
Anemone, five-leaved - 20
Abortive-flowered Crow-
foot - 24
Archangel, stem-clasping 32
Alehoof - - 33
Arrow-rattle-box - 71
American Vetch - 72
American Locust - 84
Acasia, false - 84
Aster, yellow - 108
Aster, heath-leaved - 110
Aster, soft-leaved - 110
Aster, willow-leaved - 111
Aster, spurious - 112
Aster, phlox-leaved - 112
Aster, waved-stemmed 112
Aster, spreading or various
leaved - - 113
Aster, panicled - 113
Aster, heart-leaved - 114
Aster, corvmbose -flower-
ed - - 114
Aster, dogwood-leaved 114
Aster, large-leaved - 115
Aster, red-stalked - 115
Aster, smooth - 115
Aster, small, or small-flow-
ered - - 116
Aster, drooping - 116
Aster, diverging - 116
Aster, red-flowered - 116
Aster, showy - - 117
Aster, many-flowered 117
Aster, fringe-leaved - 117
Alder, common - 159
Alder, candle - - 159
Alder, hazel - 159
Alder tree - - 160
Amaranth, cluster-flower-
ed - - 162
Amaranth, green-flowrered 163
Amaranth, prickly - 163
Arrow-leaved Arrow-head 165
Arrow-head, arrow-leaved 165
Arrow-head, obtuse-leav-
ed - - 165
Arrow-head, varying-
leaved - - 166
Arrow-head, acute-leav-
ed - - 166
Acute-leaved Arrow-
head - - 166
American hazel-nut - 173
American chesnut - 174
American horn-beam - 176
American Ipecacuanha - 185
American Vallisneria - 188
Ash, black - - 192
Ash, elder-leaved - 192
Ash, water - - 192
Ash, white - 192
Ash, red - - 192
Ash - - 192
Acnida, smooth-fruited 193
Acnida, rough-fruited 193
Aspen, large - - 197
Adder's tongue, common 204
B.
Bass-wood - - 6
Blood-root - 8
Black-snake-root - 13
Black-spotted St. John's-
wort - 16
20*
226
INDEX TO THE
Beaver- wood
18
Butter-cup -
25
Basil, hoary
34
Basil, flax-leaved
35
Basil, lance -leaved
£1 *-
Basil, common wild
36
Bairn
37
Bastard penny-royal
39
Bastard penny-royal, linear-
leaved - - 40
Bastard vervain - 41
Beech-drops - - 50
Buffaloe-clover - 73
Bull's clover - - 74
Blue-flowered Sow-thistle 91
Burdock - - 94
Blue-blazing- Star - 96
Balm-leaved Hemp-weed 100
Bone-set - - 102
Blue-stemmed Golden-
rod - - 123
Burr-marigold - 131
Burdock, lesser - 134
Burr-reed - - 149
Barren Sedge - 150
Buxbaums' Sedge - 154
Beaked Sedge - 156
Burner's Oak - - 168
Bartram'sOak - 168
Barren Oak - - 168
Blackjack - - 168
Black Oak - 169
Bear Oak - - 170
Black Scrub Oak - 170
Banister's Oak - - 170
Barren White Oak - 171
Beech-tree - - 174
Beech, white - 174
Beech, red - - 174
Birch, white - 175
Bircli, old-field - - 175
Birch, black - 175
Black Birch - - 175
Birch, paper - 175
Birch, canoe - - 175
Birch, cherry - 175
Birch, sweet - - 175
Button-wood - 176
■Black Walnut - - 177
Butter-nut - - 178
Bitter-nut - - 180
Broom Hickory - 180
Black Spruce - - 185
Black or pitch Pine - 183
Black-ash - 192
Black Gum - - 193
Bulb-bearing Spleen-wort 209
Brake, common - 212
C.
Celandine - - 8
Cohosh 9
Columbine, American - 12
Common St. John's-wort - 14
Custard Apple - 19
Cowslip, meadow - 23
Crow-foot, abortive -flower-
ed - - 24
Crow-foot, scelery -leaved 24
Crow-foot, hispid - # 24
Crow-foot, creeping - 25
Creeping-crow-foot - 25
Crow-foot, common bulbous 25
Crow-foot, river - 26
Catmint Hyssop - 31
Catmint - 32
Catnep - - 32
Common wild Basil - 36
Common Marjoram - 37
Creeper Trumpet - 43
Common Louse-wort 46
Cow-wheat - - 49
Cancer-root - 50
Creeping Wrater-cress 55
Clayton's Lobelia - 60
Cardinal plant - 62
Common Crane's bill - 63
Crane's bill, common 63
Crane's bill, spotted - 63
Crane's bill, white-flowered 63
Crane's bill, small-flowered 64
Corydalis, golden-flowered 68
Clover, bufi'aloe - 73
Clover, white 73
Clover, red 73
Clover, bull's - - 74
Creeping Lespedeza (L. re-
pens) - - 77
Common Thistle - 95
Cross-wort - - 102
Climbing Mikania - 102
Cacalia, orach-leaved - 103
Coffin-plant - - 104
Cudweed, plantane-leaved 104
Corymbose-flowered Aster 114
ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES.
22*
Common Groundsel -
Clover, Richardson's
Chamomile, wild
Chamomile, stinking
Clotweed
Cockle-burr
Cats'-tail
Cooper's-reed
Cats'-tail, narrow-leaved
Close-spiked Sedge
Chaffy Sedge
Cutting Sedge
Common Alder -
Candle Alder
Common Nettle -
Cluster-flowered Ama-
ranth
Chesnut White Oak
Chinquapin Oak
Chesnut, American
Canoe Birch
Cherry Birch -
Cotton-tree
Common Hickory
Carolinian Three-seeded
Mercury
Corollated Spurge -
Caper Spurge -
Channel-weed
Cone-bearing Willbw -
Cedar, red
Club-moss, flat -
Club-moss, running -
Club-moss, shining
Common Adder's-tongue
Cinnamon Fern
Common Polypody
Common Brake
Canada Thistle, (addenda)
D.
Dioiccus Meadow-rue
Dead-nettle
Dutchmans' breeches
Diverging Lespedeza
Dandelion -
Dr. Witt's snake-root
Dead-mans' flower -
Dogwood-leaved Aster
Drooping Aster
Diverging Aster -
Dogs'-fennel
125
126
127
127
134
134
149
149
149
151
154
154
159
159
161
162
171
173
174
175
175
176
179
184
186
186
188
189
200
203
204
204
204
206
207
212
21
32
68
77
88
90
104
114
116
116
127
Dyer's Oak
Downy red-oak -
Dwarf red-oak
Dwarf chesnut-oak
Dragon Root
Double Spruce
Duck-grass -
169
170
- 17'0
173
181
183
- 188
Deciduous roughBindweed 195
Dicksonia, hairy, or small
fruited - - - 213
E.
Egyptian Bean - - 27
Entire-leaved Scull-cap 39
Emetic weed 61
Eupatorium, hyssop-leaved 98
Eupatorium, sessile-leaved 98
Elecampane, wild - 108
.Elecampane - - 109
Elm-leaved Golden-rod 120
Elder-leaved Ash
192
Ebony Spleen-wort
P.
211
Fragrant Water-lily
12
Five-leaved Anemone
20
Flax-leaved Basil -
03
Fig-wort -
43
False Acasia
84
Fire-weed - - 121
, 90
Flea-bane, Philadelphia
107
Flea-bane, various-leaved
107
Fringe-leaved Aster
117
Fragrant Golden-rod
121
Fescue-like Sedge
153
Fern, sweet
159
Fern-leaved Gale -
159
Filbert, wild
173
Field Horse-tail
202
Flat Club-moss -
203
Fern, rattle-snake -
205
Fern, common
206
Fern, flowering
206
Fern, cinnamon -
206
Flowering Fern
206
Fern, sensitive -
210
G.
Germander, nettle-leaved
30
Great Henbit
32
Ground Ivy -
Gill
no
Gaping Monkey-flower
47
Geranium, wild
63
228
INDEX TO THE
Golden-flowered Corydalis 68
Goats'-rue - - 85
Gall of the Earth - - 91
Glandulous Hemp-weed 99
Germander-leaved Hemp-
weed - - 100
Golden-rod Aster - 109
Golden-rod, three-nerved 119
Golden-rod, large - 119
Golden-rod, rough - 119
Golden-rod, tallest - 119
Golden-rod, scabrous-leav-
ed - - 120
Golden-rod, spreading-
branched - - 120
Golden-rod, elm-leaved 120
Golden-rod, sharp-notched 120
Golden-rod, fragrant 121
Golden-rod, white -flower-
ed - - 121
Golden-rod, late-flowering 121
Golden-rod, spear-leaved 122
Golden-rod, slender-leav'dl22
Golden-rod, blue-stemmed 123
Golden-rod, wave-stemm'd 123
Golden-rod, wrinkled-leav-
ed - - 123
Golden-rod, stiff - 124
Golden-rod, great - 124
Great Golden-rod - - 124
Groundsel, common - 125
Groundsel - - 125
Groundsel, obovate-leaved 125
Groundsel, golden-flower-
ed - - 126
Golden thickseed Sun-flow-
er - - 132
Green Sedge - - 154
Gale, fern-leaved - - 159
Green-flowered Amaranth 163
Gum-tree, sweet - 177
Gloucester-nut - - 178
Green Dragon - 181
G'jm-tree - - 193
Gum, sour - - 193
Gum, black - - 193
Gum - - - 193
Green Briar - - 195, 194
Ground Pine - - 203
H.
Herb Christopher - 9
Hispid crow-foot - - 24
Hvssop, catmint - 31
Henbit - - 32
Henbit Archangel - 32
Hedge-nettle - -33
Horehound - - 34
Hoary Basil - - 34
Hyssop-leaved Scull-cap 39
Hedge -mustard, officinal 56
Hibiscus, marsh - 65
Hares' -foot - - 74
Hop-trefoil, large - 74
Hop-trefoil, small - 74
Hop-trefoil, least - - 75
Hispid Stjlosanthes - 75
Hedysarum, different spe-
cies - - 79, 78
Hawkweed, veined-leaved 92
Hyssop -leaved, Eupatorium 98
Hemp-weed, glandular 99
Hemp-weed, spear-leaved 99
Hemp-weed, Germander-
leaved - 99*
Hemp-weed, round-leaved 99
Hemp-weed, balm-leaved 100
Hemp-weed, three-leaved 100
Hemp-weed, hollow-stem-
med - - 100
Hemp-weed, maculated 101
Hemp-weed, whorled-leav-
ed - - 101
Heath-leaved Aster - 110
Heart-leaved Aster - 114
Hawk-weed - 125
Hog-weed, trifid-leaved 133
Hog-weed, wormwood-
leaved - - 133
Hog-weed, tall - 134
Headed Sedge - 150
Hares'-foot Sedge - 152
Hairy-beaked Sedge 155
Hop-like Sedge - 156
Hazel Alder - - 159
Hemp-nettle - 161
Hazel-nut, American 173
Horn-beam, American 176
Hickory Nut - 178
Hickory, thick shell-bark 178
Hickory, shell-bark 179
Hickory, shagg-bark • 179
Hickory, scaly bark 179
ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES.
229
Hickory, common - 179
Hickory, mocker-nut - 179
Hickory, white-heart 179
Hickory, white - 180
Hickory, swamp - 180
Hickorv, broom - - 180
Hog Nut - 180
Hemlock, spruce - - 182
Horn-beam, swamp - 193
Hop - - 194
Honey Locust - 197
Horse-tail, field - - 202
Horse-tail, wood - 202
Horse-tail, rough - 202
Hairy Dicksonia " - 213
I.
Indian Paint - 8
Indian Tobacco - 61
Indian Mallow, thorny 64
Indian Mallow, round-leav-
ed - - 64
Ivy -leaf, white-flowered 89
Indian Sage - 102
Indian Rice - - 164
Iron Oak - - 170
Indian Turnip - 181
Ipecacuanha, American 185
Ipecacuanha, spurge 185
Interrupted Osmunda 206
J.
Jagged-leaved Toothwort 53
Jagged-leaved Rudbeckia 130
Juniper Tree - - 200
K.
Kidney-bean, perennial 81
L.
Lime Tree - 6
Linden Tree - - 6
Lemon, wild - 9
Liver-wort, three-leaved 23
Linear-leaved bastard Pen-
ny-royal - - 40
Louse-wort, pale-flowered 46
Louse -wort, common - 46
Lyre -leaved Wall-cress 56
Lobelia, Clayton's - 60
Lupin, perennial - - 71
Large Hop-trefoil - 74
Least Hop-trefoil - 75
Lespedeza, veined-leaved 76
Lespedeza, shrubby - 76
Lespedeza, violet-flowered 76
Lespedeza, diverging 77
Lespedeza, trailing - 77
Lespedeza, creeping-, (L.
repens) - -77
Locust, wild - 84
Locust, American - 84
Lions'-foot 90
Long-leaved Wild Lettuce 90
Life-everlasting - 104
Large-leaved Aster - 115
Large Golden-rod - 119
Late-flowering Golden-rod 121
Lesser Burdock - - 134
Long-pointed Sedge - 156
Large Tupelo - - 193
Locust, sweet - - 197
Locust, honey - - 197
Locust, three-thorned 197
Large Aspen - - 197
Large Shield-fern - - 208
Leaf-rooting Spleen-wort 210
M.
May-apple - - 9
Mandrake - - - 9
Many -stemmed St. Peter's-
wort - - 13
Meadow-rue, dioicous - 21
Meadow-rue, rough-leaved 21
Meadow-rue, polygamous 21
Meadow-rue, purple - 22
Marsh Marigold - 23
Meadow-cowslip - 23
Mother- wort - - 33
Mug-wort - - 33
Marjoram, common - 37
Mud-wort - - 42
Monkey-flower, gaping 47
Monkey-flower, wing-stem-
med - - 47
Mouse-ear Wall-cress or
Turkey-pod - - 56
Mallow, round-leaved - 65
Marsh Hibiscus - - 65
Milk-wort, yellow-flowered 69
Myrtle-leaved Pea-vine 72
Maculated or spotted Hemp-
weed - - 101
Mav-weed - - 127
Milfoil - - 12/
Marigold, burr - 1j1
ISO
INDEX TO THE
Many-flowered Aster
Many-flowered Sedge
Marginated Sedge
Millet Sedge
Mulberry, red
Mountain Mahogany
Mahogany, mountain
Mocker-nut, hickory
Mercury, Virginian, three
seeded
Mercury, Carolinian, three-
seeded
Mole-plant
Moon-seed
Marginal Shield-fern
Maiden-hair
Mow-haii' -
N.
Nettle-leaved Germander
Nep
Nettle-leaved Vervain
Narrow-leaved Cats' -tail
Nettle, pellucid
Nettle, common -
Nettle, hemp
New Jersey Pine -
New York Shield-fern
O.
Officinal Hedge-mustard
Orach-leaved Cacalia
Obovate-leaved Groundsel
Ox-eye Daisey
Ox-eye, smooth -
Orchis, yellow-fringed
Orchis, white-fringed
Obtuse -leaved arrow-head
Oak, willow
Oak, Bartram's
Oak, Burner's -
Oak, various -leaved
Oak, water
Oak, barren
Oak, black
Oak, dyer's
Oak, red - 170,
Oak, two-coloured
Oak, scarlet
Oak, Spanish -
Oak, downy-red
Oak, pin
Oak, swamp Spanish
117
151
155
158
162
175
175
179
184
184
186
199
208
213
213
30
32
41
149
160
161
161
183
209
56
103
125
126
128
136
136
165
167
168
168
168
168
168
169
169
169
169
169
170
170
170
170
Oak, bear
170
Oak, black scrub -
170
Oak, dwarf red
170
Oak, Banister's
170
Oak, upland white
171
Oak, iron
171
Oak, barren white
171
Oak, post
171
Oak, white
171
Oak, chesnut white -
171
Oak, swamp chesnut
171
Oak, swamp white
172
Oak, rock chesnut
172
Oak, yellow
172
Oak, chinquapin
173
Oak, dwarf chesnut
173
Old-field Birch
175
Oil Nut
178
Osmunda, royal
206
Osmunda, tall
206
Osmunda, interrupted
206
One-flowered Orobanche,
(addenda)
Orobanche, one-flowered
P.
Purslane
218
8
Puccoon
8
Pap aw
19
Polygamous Meadow-rue
21
Purple Meadow-rue
22
Penny-royal, bastard
39
Penny -royal, bastard linear-
leaved
40
Purple Toad Flax
44
Pale-flowered Louse-wort
46
Painted Cup
49
Pepper-grass, wild
52
Pepper-wort, wild
52
Perennial Lupin
71
Pea-vine, myrtle-leaved
72
Perennial Kidney-bean
81
Potatoe-vine, wild
82
Poor Robert's Plantane 106, 92
Plantane-leaved Cudweed 106
Philadelphia Flea-bane
107
Plowman's Wort
110
Phlox-leaved Aster -
112
Panicled Aster
113
Panicled Sedge
152
Plantane Sedge
U7
Pellucid Nettle . -
160
ENGLISH AND VLLGAR NAMES*.
231
Prickly Amaranth
163
Pin Oak
170
Post Oak
171
Paper Birch -
175
Plane-tree
176
Purging* Hickory-nut
178
Pig-nut
180
Pedate -leaved Wake Robin 181
Pine, New Jersey 183
Pine, scrub - 183
Pine, pitch - - 183
Pine, yellow - 183
Pine, black, or pitch 183
Pitch Pine - - 183
Peperidge - 193
Poplar - - 197
Persimon-tree - 198
Polypody, common 207
Polypody, Virginia 207
Pennsylvania Water-cress,
(addenda)
Q.
Quercitron - - 169
R.
Rock-rose 7
Rich-weed - 13
River crow-foot - 26
Rough Wound-wort - 33
Ransted-weed - ■ - 44
Round-leaved Indian Mal-
low 64
Round-leaved Mallow - 65
Rattle-box, arrow - 71
Red Clover - - 73
Round-leaved Hemp-weed 100
Red-stalked Aster - 116
Red-flowered Aster - 116
Rough Golden-rod - 119
Richardson's Clover - 126
Rough-leaved Sun-flower 129
Rudbeckia, jagged-leaved 130
Reed-mace - - 149
Rose Sedge - 152
Round-spiked Sedge - 157
Rich-weed - - 160
Red Mulberry - 162
Rice, Tuscarora - - 164
Rice, wild - . 164
Rice, Indian - - 164
Red Oak - - 170, 169
RedChesnutOak - 172
Red Beech - 174
Red-rooted Willow - 190
Red Ash - 192
Rough-fruited Acnida 194
Round-leaved Smilax - 194
Rough Bind-weed, stink-
ing - - 195
Red Cedar - 200
Rough Horse-tail - 202
Running Club-moss - 204
Rattlesnake Fern - 205
Royal Osmunda - 206
S.
Spoon -w ood - 6
Side-saddle Flower - 10
Splatter-dock - 10
Small water Lily - 11
St. Peter's-wort, many
stemmed - - 13
St. John's-wort, common 14
St. John's-wort, slender 16
St. John's-wort, black-soot-
ted - - 16
Swamp Magnolia - 18
Swamp Sassafras - - 18
Sweet Bay - - 18
Swamp Laurel - 18
Small Magnolia - 18
Scelery -leaved Crow-foot 24
Sacred-bean of India - 27
Stem-clasping Archangel 32
Self-heal - - 37
Scull-cap, common 38
Scull-cap, slender - 38
Scull-cap, side-flowering 38
Slender Scull-cap - 38
Side-flowering Scull-cap 38
Scull-cap, entire-leaved 39
Scull-cap, hyssop-leaved - 39
Snap-dragon, wdd - 44
Snake-head - 48
Shad-blossom - 52
Shepherd's Purse - 53
Sickle-leaved Wall-cress 57
Smooth Tower-mustard 57
Spotted Crane's-bill - 63
Small-flowered Crane's-bill 64
Small Hop-trefoil - 74
Stylosanthes, hispid - 75
Shrubby Lespedeza - 76
Succory, wild - 88
232
INDEX TO THE
Snake-root, Dr. Witt's 90
Sow-thistle, blue-flowered 91
Sow-thistle, yellow-flower-
ed or common - 91
Stem-clasping Swine's-suc-
cory - - 94
Swine's-succory, stem-clasp-
ing- 94
Sessile-leaved Eupatorium 98
Spear-leaved Hemp-weed 100
Scabious - - 107
Scabious, sweet - 107
Sweet Scabious - 107
Star-wort, white-topped 109
Star-wort, savoury -leaved 110
Savoury -leaved Star-wort 110
Soft-leaved Aster
Star-wort, umbelled-flow-
ered - - -
Spurious Aster
Spreading Aster
Smooth Aster -
Small or small-flowered
Aster
Showy Aster
Scabrous-leaved Golden-
rod
Spreading-branched Gold
en-rod
Sharp-notched Golden-
rod
Spear-leaved Golden-rod
Slender-leaved Golden-
rod
Stiff Golden-rod
Stinking Camomile
Smooth Ox-eye
Sneeze-weed -
Soft-leaved Sun-flower
Sun-flower, soft -leaved
Sun-flower, throat-wort-
leaved
Sun-flower, small-flowered 129
Sun-flower, ten-petalled 129
Spanish-needles
Sun-flower, golden thick
seed
Sedge, barren
Sedge, headed
Sedge, close-spiked
Sedge, many-flowered
110
111
112
113
115
116
117
120
120
120
122
122
124
127
128
128
129
129
129
132
132
150
150
151
151
Sedge, panicled
Sedge, hare's-foot
Sedge, rose
Straw-coloured Sedge
Sedge, fescue -like -
Sedge, straw-coloured
Sedge, turfy
Sedge, chaffy
Sedge, cutting
Sedge, green
Sedge, Buxbaums' -
Sedge, variable
Sedge, marginated
Sedge, hairy-beaked -
Sedge, long-pointed
Sedge, beaked
Sedge, hop-like
Sedge, round-spiked
Sedge, yellow
Sedge, plantane
Sedge, tworedged -
Sedge, zigzag-spiked -
Sedge, millet
Sedge, strand -
Strand Sedge
Sweet Fern
Scarlet Oak
Spanish Oak
Swamp Spanish Oak
Swamp Chesnut Oak -
Swamp White Oak -
Sweet Birch
Sycamore tree
Sweet Gum-tree
Springfield Nut -
Shell-bark Hickory
Shagg-bark Hickory
Scaly-bark Hickory
Swamp Hickory
Spruce, hemlock
Spruce, black
Spruce, double
Scrub Pine
St. John's- wort Spurge
Spotted Spurge
Spurge, St. John's-wort-
leaved
Spurge, spotted
Spurge, corollated
Spurge, caper
Stiff-leaved Willow
152
152
152
152
153
153
153
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
156
156
156
157
157
157
157
158
158
158
158
159
169
170
170
171
172
175
176
177
178
179
179
179
180
182
183
183
183
185
185
185
185
186
186
190
ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES.
&
Swamp Horn-beam 193
Smooth-fruited Acnida 193
Smilax, round-leaved - 194
Stinking Rough Bind-
weed - - 195
Smooth-leaved Yam-root 196
Sweet Locust - 197
Scouring Rush - 202
Scour-grass - 202
Shining Club-moss - 204
Shield fern, terminal 208
Shield fern, marginal - 208
Shield fern, large - 20S
Shield fern, New York 209
Shield fern, dark, or spleen-
wort - - 209
Spleen-wort, bulb-bearing 209
Sensitive fern - 210
Spleen-wort, leaf-rooting 210
Spleen-wort, ebony - 211
Small-fruited Dicksonia 213
T.
Turmeric - 8
Tulip Tree - - 18
Traveller's Joy - 19
Three-lobed Liver-wort 23
Tall Hyssop - - 31
Thyme, Virginian - 35
Tall Vervain - - 41
Trumpet Creeper - 43
Toad-flax - - 44
Toad-flax, purple - 44
Tooth-wort, jagged-leaved 53
Turkey-pod, mouse-ear 57
Turkey-pod, bulbous-root-
ed - 57
Tower-mustard, smooth 57
Thorny Indian Mallow 64
Trailing Lespedeza - 77
Thistle, common 95
Thistle, yellow, - 95
Three-leaved Hemp-weed 100
Thorough-wort - 102
Tansey . - 103
Three-nerved Golden-rod 119
Tallest Golden-rod 119
Throat-wort-leaved Sun-
flower - - 129
Ten-petalled Sun-flower 129
Trifid-leaved Hog-weed 133
Tali Hog-weed * - 134
VOL. II.
Turfy Sedge - 153
Two-edged Sedge 157
Tuscarora Rice - 164
Two-coloured Oak 169
Thick Shell-bark Hickory 178
Turnip, Indian - 181
Tape Grass - - 188
Tupelo, large - 193
Three-thorned Locust 197
Tall Osmunda - - 208
Terminal Shield-fern 208
Thistle, Canada (addenda)
U.
Umbelled-flowered Star-
wort - - 111
Upland White Oak 171
V.
Virgin's Bower - 19
Virginian Anemone 20
Virginian Thyme - 35
Vervain, bastard - 41
Vervain, tall - 41
Vervain, nettle-leaved 41
Vetch, American - 72
Veined-leaved Lespedeza 76
Violet-flowered Lespedeza 76
Veined-leaved Hawk-weed 92
Vervain-leaved Hemp-
weed - - 101
Various-leaved Flea-bane 107
Various-leaved Aster 113
Variable Sedge - 155
Varying-leaved Arrow-
head - -, 166
Various-leaved Oak * 168
Virginian Three-seeded
Mercury - - 184
Vallisneria, American 188
Villous-leaved Yam-root 196
Virginian Polypody 207
W.
Wild Lemon - 9
Water Lily, small - 11
Water Lily, fragrant 12
White Poplar - 18
Wild. Anemone - 20
Water-shield - 26
Wound-wort, rough 33
Wild Snap-dragon - 44
Wing-stemmed Monkey-
flower - *- 47
21
234
INDEX, &C.
AVhiflow-grass . 52
AVild Pepper-grass 52
Water-cress . 54
Water Radish . . 55
Water-cress, creeping 55
Wall-cress, mouse-ear • 56
Wall-cress, lyre-leaved 56
Wall-cress, sickle-leaved 57
Wall-cress, bulbous-rooted 57
Wild Tobacco . 61
Wild Geranium . . 63
White-flowered Crane's-
bill . . 63
White Clover . 73
Wild Potatoe-vine . 82
Wild Locust-tree 84
Wild Succory . 88
White-flowered Wild
Lettuce, or Ivy-leaf 89
AVild Lettuce, white-flow-
ered . . 89
Wild Lettuce, long-leaved 90
Whorled-leaved Hemp-
weed . . 101
Wild Elecampane . 108
White-topped Star-wort 309
Willow-leaved Aster HI
Wave-stemmed Aster 112
White Weed . 126
Wild Chamomile . 127
Wormwood-leaved Hog-
weed . . 133
White-fringed Orchis 136
White-flowered Goiden-
rod . . 121
Wave-stemmed Golden-
rod . . 123
Wrinkled-leaved Golden-
rod . . 123
Wild Rice . . 164
Willow Oak . 167
Water Oak . 168
White Oak 171
Wild Filbert . . 173
White Beech . 174
White Birch . .175
Water Beech . 176
Walnut, black . 177
White Walnut . 178
White^heart Hickory 179
White Hickory . 180
Wake-robin, pedate-leaved 181
Willow . . 189
Willow, cone-bearing 189
Willow, red-rooted 190
Willow, stiff-leaved 190
Willow, white '. 191
White Willow . 191
Willow, yellow . 191
Water Ash . 192
White Ash . 192
AVood Horse-tail 202
AVater-cress, Pennsylvania 219
Y.
Yellow Poplar . 18
Yellow Root . . 22
A'ellow-flowered Milk-wort 69
Yellow-flowered Sow-this-
91
95
108
127
136
157
172
183
191
196
196
tie
Yellow Thistle
Yellow Aster .
Yarrow
Yel lev/ -fringed Orchis
Yellow Sedge
Yellow Oak .
ATellow Pine
Yellow AVillow
Yam-root, smooth-leaved
Yam-root, villous-leaved
Z.
Zizzag-spiked Sedge 158
THE END.
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